Bull 99 Abid Ali J.J. Al-Saadi and Rabab A. Rasheed Bull. Iraq nat. Hist. Mus. (2016) 14 (2): 99-108 THE OCCURRENCE OF THREE MONOGENEAN PARASITE SPECIES FOR THE FIRST TIME IN IRAQ ON GILLS OF THE COMMON CARP CYPRINUS CARPIO LINNAEUS, 1758 (CYPRINIFORMES, CYPRINIDAE) Abid Ali J.J. Al-Saadi and Rabab A. Rasheed Department of Biology, College of Education (Ibn-Al-Haitham) for Pure Science, University of Baghdad, Iraq Corresponding author: abidali_alsaadi@yahoo.com ABSTRACT The monogeneans Gyrodactylus dzhalilovi Ergens & Ashurova, 1984, G. magnus Konovalov, 1967 and G. matovi Ergens & Kakachava-Avramova, 1966 were recorded in this study for the first time in Iraq from gills of the common carp Cyprinus carpio Linnaeus, 1758 collected from Tigris River in Baghdad city. The description, measurements and illustrations of these parasites were given. Key words: Cyprinus carpio, Gyrodactylusdzhalilovi, Gyrodectylus magnus, Gyrodactylus matovi, Iraq, Monogenea. INTRODUCTION All living organisms, including fishes in nature or farms can be exposed to the infection with the parasites. Fishes in nature are infected with a great variety of parasites, includes protozoans, monogeneans, trematodes, cestodes, nematodes, acanthocephalans and crustaceans (Price and Tom, 2005). The class Monogenea (Phylum Platyhelminthes) includes ectoparasites on the skin, fins and gills of a largest group of fishes with direct life cycle. Like other flatworms, monogeneans have no true body cavity (coelom), lack respiratory, skeletal and circulatory systems and have a simple digestive system (Hoole et al., 2001; Woo, 2006). Gyrodactylus Nordmann, 1832 occur on a wide array of fishes, possess a high degree of host-specificity (Buchmann, 2012). Species of this genus are parasites of freshwater teleosts (Bykhovskaya-Pavlovskaya et al., 1962). Gyrodactylus species are seen especially in teleost fishes, infect and live ectoparasitically on skin, fins and gills (Koyun and Altunel, 2011). In the genus Gyrodactylus, the ventrally directed opisthaptor is equipped with two median hooks and 16 marginal hooklets. The most prominent character is the uterus in which the embryo develops. The parasite is viviparous which produces a young that may already has its own embryo (Buchmann, 2012). These worms cause irritation and excessive mucus productions which create an open window for bacterial invasion (Reed et al., 1996). 100 The occurrence of three Monogenean parasite species The disease resulting from Gyrodactylus infection is called gyrodactylosis which has been reported to be responsible for death of a wide variety of fishes (Szczembarra, 2011). In Iraq, some reports were available on the description of some Gyrodactylus species for the first time in Iraq (Ali and Shaaban, 1984; Ali et al., 1988; Salih et al., 1988; Abdul- Ameer, 1989; Mhaisen et al., 1990; Al-Zubaidy, 1998; Abdullah, 2002; Jori, 2006; Al- Zubaidy, 2007; Mama, 2012; Abdul-Ameer and Al-Saadi, 2013a; 2013b; Abdullah, 2013; Nasraddin, 2013; Al-Salmany, 2015). So, more surveys on fish parasites are needed to recognize more species and for increasing the information on the parasitic fauna of freshwater fishes of Iraq. In this paper, the occurrence of G. dzhalilovi Ergens & Ashurova, 1984, G. magnus Konovalov, 1967 and G. matovi Ergens & Kakachava-Avramova, 1966 infecting gills of the cyprinidfish C. carpio is documented for the first time in Iraq. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 61 specimens of the common carp Cyprinus carpio Linnaeus, 1758 were collected from different locations along Tigris River near Al-Shawwaka region in Baghdad city. Sampling was done weekly twice during the period from December 2015 to April 2016. Fishes were transported alive, placed in container containing local river water and immediately transferred to the laboratory of Parasitology, College of Education for Pure Science (Ibn-Al-Haitham). The fishes were identified according to Coad (2010). In the laboratory, the fishes were examined externally for parasites of skin, fins and buccal cavity. Smears were prepared by slight scraping and examined under a light compound microscope. The gill arches from both sides were separated, placed in Petri dish containing tap water and examined for ectoparasites. Pieces of gill filaments were tiered by needle. Worms (after leaving the gills) were removed from the water by a small pipette and placed on a slide, with a very small amount of water. They were covered with a cover slip with glycerin-gelatin. A piece of melted glycerin-gelatin was dropped with cover slip onto worm. The cover slip was dried with a blotting paper carefully and the worms in glycerin-gelatin were cautiously thickened (Kritsky et al., 2004). Drawings of the sclerotized pieces of the haptor were made by using a camera Lucida. Measurements of the parasites were done by using a micrometer. Parasites identification was performed according to three taxonomical accounts (Bykhovskaya-Pavlovskaya et al., 1962; Gussev, 1985; Pugachev et al., 2010). The information on the previous account records of parasites were checked by using the index-catalog of parasites and disease agents of fishes of Iraq (Mhaisen, 2016). RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Out of the 61 common carps, one fish was infected with the monogenean G. dzhalilovi so, the prevalence of infection was 1.6% and the mean intensity was 1; one fish was infected with G. magnus so, the prevalence of infection was 1.6%and the mean intensity was 2 and one fish was infected with G. matovi,so, the prevalence of infection was 1.6% and the mean intensity was 1. These parasites were found on the gills of examined fishes. The following is a brief description and measurements of these parasites (in mm) as shown in figures (1-3). 101 Abid Ali J.J. Al-Saadi and Rabab A. Rasheed Gyroductylus dzhalilovi Ergens & Ashurova, 1984 (Fig. 1): Small worms, body length 0.5. Total length of marginal hooks 0.030, hooklet 0.005. Overall length of median hook 0.059, main part 0.045, point 0.021, inner root 0.019. Size of ventral bar 0.004 x 0.020. Size of dorsal bar 0.0009 x 0.010. Gyroductylus magnus Konovalov, 1967 (Fig. 2): Small worms body length 0.53-0.66 (0.60). Total length of marginal hooks 0.042-0.056 (0.049), hooklet 0.009-0.011 (0.010). Total length of median hooks 0.071-0.079 (0.075), main part 0.067-0.078 (0.073), point 0.040-0.044 (0.042), inner root 0.028-0.033 (0.031). Size of ventral bar 0.010-0.015 (0.013) x 0.037-0.044 (0.041), membrane 0.020-0.023 (0.022). Size of dorsal bar 0.003-0.006 (0.005) x 0.024-0.036 (0.030). G. matovi Ergens & Kakacheva-Avramova, 1966 (Fig. 3): Small worms, body length 0.36. Total length of marginal hooks 0.032, hooklet 0.005. Total length of median hook 0.063, main part 0.044, point 0.028, inner root 0.022. Size of ventral bar 0.005 x 0.028, membrane 0.012. Size of dorsal bar 0.002 x 0.024. The measurements of the present parasites G. dzhalilovi, G. magnus and G. matovi are in agreement with these of the holotypes of these parasites (Gussev, 1985; Pugachev et al., 2010). In this paper, G. dzhalilovi, G. magnus and G. matovi infecting gills of the cyprinid fish C. carpio, are described for the first time in Iraq. 102 The occurrence of three Monogenean parasite species Figure (1): Gyrodactylus dzhalilovi A: Photomicrograph of the haptor (40x). B: Camera Lucida drawing of the marginal hook and haptor. Dcb: Dorsal connecting bar, H= hooklet, Vcb: Ventral connecting bar. 103 Abid Ali J.J. Al-Saadi and Rabab A. Rasheed Figure (2): Gyrodactylus magnus A: Photomicrograph of the haptor (40x). B: Camera Lucida drawing of the marginal hook and haptor. Dcb: Dorsal connecting bar, H= hooklet, M= membranoid extension. Vcb: Ventral connecting bar. 104 The occurrence of three Monogenean parasite species Figure (3): Gyrodactylus matovi A: Photomicrograph of the haptor (40x). B: Camera Lucida drawing of the marginal hook and haptor. Dcb: Dorsal connecting bar, H= hooklet, M= membranoid extension, Vcb: Ventral connecting bar. 105 Abid Ali J.J. Al-Saadi and Rabab A. Rasheed ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Thanks are due to Prof. Dr. Furhan T. Mhaisen for checking the present records with his index-catalogue of parasites and disease agents of fishes of Iraq and for his critical reading of the manuscript. LITERATURE CITED Abdul-Ameer, K.N. 1989. Study of the parasites of freshwater fishes from Tigris River in Salah Al-Dien province, Iraq. M. Sc. Thesis, Coll. Sci., Univ. Baghdad: 98pp. (In Arabic). Abdul-Ameer, K.N. and Al-Saadi, A.A.J. 2013a. First record of the monogenean Gyrodactylus lavareti Malmberg, 1957 in Iraq on gills of the common carp Cyprinus carpio. Ibn Al-Haitham Journal for Pure and Applied Science, 26(2): 44-49. Abdul-Ameer, K.N. and Al-Saadi, A.A. J. 2013b. On the occurrence of the monogenean Gyrodactylus taimeni Ergens, 1971 for the first time in Iraq on gills of the common carp Cyprinus carpio. Bulletin of the Iraq Natural History Museum, 12(3): 1-9. Abdullah, S.M.A. 2002. 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(2016) 14 (2): 99-108 ظهىر ثالثت أنىاع ين انطفٍهٍاث ين أحادٌت انًنشأ ألول يزة فً انعزاق ين Linnaeus, 1758Cyprinus carpio غالصى أسًاك انكارب اإلعخٍادي (انزحبت انشبىطٍت، انعائهت انشبىطٍت) عبذ عهً جنزٌم جبارة انساعذي ورباب عبذ انزحٍى رشٍذ ، جايعت بغذاد (إبن انهٍثى)قسى عهىو انحٍاة، كهٍت انخزبٍت نهعهىو انصزفت انخالصت & Gyrodactylus dzhalilovi Ergens سجـهـج ثالثت طفٍهٍاث أحادٌت انًنشأ هً Ashurova, 1984و Gyrodactylus magnus Konovalov, 1967 ألول يزة Gyrodactylus matovi Ergens & Kakachava-Avramova, 1966و فً ين نهز دجهت Cyprinus carpioفً انعزاق ين غالصى أسًاك انكارب اإلعخٍادي حى إعطاء يىاصفاث وقٍاساث هذه انطفٍهٍاث باإلضافت إنى انزسى انخىضٍحً . يذٌنت بغذاد . نها