267 Feyroz Ramadan Hassan Bull. Iraq nat. Hist. Mus. (2021) 16 (3): 267- 282. https://doi.org/10.26842/binhm.7.2021.16.3.0267 SURVEY OF PREDATOR AND PARASITOID INSECTS IN DUHOK PROVINCE, KURDISTAN REGION, IRAQ Feyroz Ramadan Hassan Department of Plant Protection, College of Agricultural Engineering Sciences, University of Duhok, Duhok, Iraq. Feyroz.hassan@uod.ac Received Date: 24 November 2020, Accepted Date: 18 March 2021, Published Date: 20 Jun 2021 ABSTRACT A total of 47 species belonging to 46 genera, 34 subfamilies, 23 families and 7 orders of predator and parasitoid insects were collected and identified. The survey was conducted throughout the program held by the General Directorate of Agriculture-Duhok, in cooperating with the College of Agricultural Engineering Sciences in Duhok Province, Kurdistan Region, Iraq from May 2013 to April 2014. The species hosts, collecting date, locality and distributions are given. The current checklist also included some species previously collected by other researchers in Duhok Province. Keywords: Duhok, Iraq, Parasitoids, Predators, Survey. INTRODUCTION Duhok Province (Kurdistan Region), located at the Iraqi-Turkey borders, is famous for its agricultural diversity that provides suitable environment for insect's reproduction and adaptation. Usually, outbreaks of pest and natural enemy's populations are associated with changes in the ecological stability of ecosystems. The control of pest species is closely linked to their predation and parasitism by natural enemies that have occurred since the evolution of the first terrestrial ecosystems some 500 million years ago (Waage and Greathead, 1988). Natural enemies can effectively prevent outbreaks of crop pests and control their populations (Cracraft and Grifo, 1999), which play as a key component of a 'systems approach' to integrated pest management (Bale et al., 2008). The most important natural enemies belong to the insecta classwithin the orders Hemiptera (Anthocoridae, Miridae), Neuroptera (Chrysopidae, Conioterygidae), Diptera (Cecidomyiidae, Muscidae, Syrphidae), Coleoptera (Alleculidae, Anthribidae, Cantharidae, Coccinellidae, Cybocephalidae, Endomychidae, Nitidulidae, Staphylinidae and Tenebrionidae) and Hymenoptera (Braconidae, Platygastridae, Pteromalidae, Encyrtidae, Eulophidae, Aphelinidae) (Vacante and Bonsignore, 2017). https://doi.org/10.26842/binhm.7.2021.16.3.0267 268 Survey of predator and parasitoid insects In Iraq, during the period between 1960-2017, a total of 99 different parasitoid species related to 86 genus, 18 families, 3 orders parasitized 44 different insect pest species were recorded. While 119 different predator’s species related to 69 genera, 22 families, 4 orders which preyed on 60 different insect pests were recorded (Alrubeai, 2017). Alrubeai (2017) also reported that the parasitoids intensively studied in Iraq were: Apanteles angaleti Muesebeck, 1956; Aphidophagous spp., Bracon hebetor (=Habrobracon hebetor (Say, 1836)); Trichogramma spp.; Telenomus busseolae Gahan, 1922; and predators intensively studied were: Coccinella spp, Orius sp., Chrysoperla spp., Clitostethus arcuatus (Rossi, 1794); Nephus sp.; Stethorus gilvifrons (Mulsant, 1850). The current study is the first attempt done in Duhok Province, Kurdistan region- Iraq, to document the predators and parasitoids present. The current survey also included some species previously collected by some Iraqi researchers in Duhok such as: Assaf (2001), Assaf (2007), Mahmoud et al. (2008), Akrawi (2011) and Mirza (2014). MATERIALS AND METHODS The specimens were collected from different districts in Duhok province, Kurdistan region, Iraq from May 2013 to April 2014 on fruit and forest trees, vegetables and wild plants using hand picking, aspirator and sweeping net with 2-3 field collecting trips per week. The large and medium size specimens were mounted by the insect pins, while small specimens were preserved in 70% alcohol. Then the predator and parasitoid specimens were sent to the Iraq Natural History Research Center and Museum, University of Baghdad for identification. The name of families, subfamilies of each species, hosts and general distribution were obtained from the following catalogues; Khalaf (1958, 1963); Derwesh (1965); Abdul- Rassoul (1976); Ghahari et al. (2010, 2015); Aukema et al. (2013); Ghahari and Moulet (2013). RESULTS A collection of 47 species belonging to 46 genera, 34 subfamilies, 23 families and 7orders of predators and parasitoids which were collected from 2013 to 2014 and the information about the collection and the related previous studies were listed alphabetically as below: Predators (A) Order, Coleoptera (1) Family, Anthribidae Billberg, 1820 Subfamily, Anthribinae Billberg, 1820 Anthribus fasciatus Forster 1770 Materials examined: 2 specimens, Akra District (Bijel), May 2009. Hosts: Eulecanium titiae (Linnaeus, 1758) (Coccidae) on fig trees (Akrawi, 2011). General distribution: Albania, Armenia, Austria, Azerbaijan, Belgium, Bulgaria, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Caucasus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, France, Finland, Georgia, Great Britain, Germany, Greece, Iran, Italy, Iraq, Israel, Jordan, Latvia, Luxembourg, Lebanon, 269 Feyroz Ramadan Hassan Netherlands, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Siberia, Spain, Syria, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, Montenegro, Kosovo, Ukraine (Yunakov et al., 2018). (2) Family, Carabidae Latreille, 1802 Subfamily, Carabinae Latreille, 1802 Calosoma sp. Material examined: 1 specimen, Summel District, Summel Center, April 2014 on soil. General distribution: Worldwide (GBIF Secretariat, 2019). Subfamily, Cicindelinae Latreille, 1802 Cicindela melancholica (Fabricius, 1798) Material examined: 1 specimen, Bardarash district (Kalak/ Zangal village), March 2014 on cabbage plants. General distribution: Southern Europe to southern Africa and from the Cape Verde Islands to China (Wiesner, 1992); Iraq (Ali, 1978). (3) Family, Coccinellidae Latreille, 1807 Subfamily, Chilocorinae Mulsant, 1846 Chilocorus sp. Material examined: 1 specimen, Amadiya District (Sarsink, Duheeke Village), June 2013 on weeds. General distribution: Afrotropical: Sudan; Nearctic: USA; wide distribution in Palearctic including Mongolia (Abdolahi et al., 2016); Iraq (Derwesh, 1965). Exochomus quadripustulatus (Linnaeus, 1758) Material examined: 1 specimen, Akra District (Bijel), May 2009. Hosts: Eulecanium titiae (Linnaeus, 1758) (Hemiptera, Coccidae) on fig trees (Akrawi, 2011). General distribution: India, Palearctic: wide distribution in western Palearctic, Russia, Iraq (Roberts, 1972; Stary and Kaddou, 1975). Subfamily, Coccinellinae Latreille, 1807 Coccinella septempunctata Linnaeus, 1758 Materials examined: 2 specimens, Amadiya and Summel Districts, May 2013 on weeds. Hosts: Brachycaudus amygdalinus and Hyalopterus pruni (Assaf, 2001). General distribution: Albania, Andorra, Azores, Austria, Balearic, Belgium, Belarus, Bulgaria, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Corsica, Cyprus, Croatia, Czech Republic, Denmark, England, Estonia, France, Finland, Greek, Germany, Hungary, Italy, Ireland, Lithuania, Latvia, Luxembourg, Liechtenstein, Madeira, Macedonia, Malta, Norway, Netherlands, Portuguese, Poland, Russia, Romania, Sardinia, Slovenia, Slovakia, Sweden, Spain, Switzerland, Ukraine and Yugoslavia former (Jafari et al., 2015); Iraq (Khalaf, 1958). Coccinella undecimpunctata Linnaeus, 1758 Materials examined: 4 specimens, Summel Districts, May 2013 on apricot and peach trees infested with aphids. 270 Survey of predator and parasitoid insects Hosts: Brachycaudus amygdalinus and Hyalopterus pruni (Assaf, 2001). General distribution: Australia, Canada, India, Mongolia, Nepal, New Zealand, North Africa, wide distribution in western Palearctic, Pakistan and USA (Jafari et al., 2015); Iraq (Khalaf, 1958). Hippodamia variegata (Goeze, 1777) Materials examined: 4 specimens, Dohuk (Zawita and Mangesh); 4 specimens, Summel (Summel Center and Fayda); 4 specimens, Amadiya (Sersink and Chamanke); 2 specimens, Shekhan (Shekhan center and Qasrok); 1 specimens, Zakho, Darkar Ajam; the specimens were collected in May 2013 on tomato, cucumber, sunflower, okra, pea, apple trees and weeds infested with aphid. General distribution: Albania, Andorra, Austria ,Azores, Balearic, Belarus, Belgium, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Corsica, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, England, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greek, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Liechtenstein, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Macedonia, Madeira, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portuguese, Romania, Russia, Sardinia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, Ukraine, Yugoslavia former, East Palearctic, Near East, North Africa and Oriental region (Jafari et al., 2015); Iraq (Khalaf, 1963). Oenopia conglobata (Linnaeus, 1759) Materials examined: 2 specimens, Duhok Center; 1 specimen, Mangesh; 3 specimens, Amadiya, Sersink; the specimens were collected in June 2013 on apple, apricot and plum trees infested with aphid. General distribution: Nearctic: North America; Oriental: India; Palearctic: wide distribution in Palearctic, Northern China and Pakistan (Abdolahi et al., 2016); Iraq (Khalaf, 1963). Subfamily, Scymninae Mulsant, 1846 Scymnus syriacus Marseul, 1868 Material examined: One specimen, Summel District, Summel Center; June 2013 on apricot trees infested with aphid. Hosts: Brachycaudus amygdalinus and Hyalopterus pruni (Assaf, 2001). General distribution: Cyprus, Egypt, Israel, Iraq, Iran, Jordan, Lebanon, Saudi Arabia, Syria (Abdel-Dayem et al., 2017); Iraq (Abdul-Rassoul 1976; Al Rawi et al., 1977). (B) Order, Dermaptera Family, Forficulidae Stephens, 1829 Subfamily, Forficulinae Stephens, 1829 Forficula auricularia Linnaeus, 1758 Materials examined: 2 specimens, Mangesh; 1 specimen, Amadiya, Sersink; 1 specimen, Summel, Fayda; 2 specimens, Shekhan; 2 specimens, Zakho, Darkarajam; the specimens were collected in May 2013 on okra, weeds and apple trees. General distribution: Worldwide, Iraq (Derwesh, 1965). (C) Order, Dictyoptera 271 Feyroz Ramadan Hassan Family, Mantidae Burmeister, 1838 Subfamily, Mantinae Burmeister, 1838 Mantis religiosa (Linnaeus, 1758) Materials examined: 2 specimens, Duhok center, August and Summel center, July 2013 on weeds. General distribution: Worldwide (GBIF Secretariat, 2019). (D) Order, Diptera (1) Family, Chamaemyiidae Hendel, 1910 Subfamily, Chamaemyiinae Hendel, 1910 Leucopis ninae Tanasijtshuk, 1966 Materials examined: 2 specimens, Summel District, Summel Center, May 2000. Hosts: Brachycaudus amygdalinus and Hyalopterus pruni on apricot and peach trees (Assaf, 2001). General distribution: England through Europe to southern Russia, Bulgaria, Ukraine, through the Middle East and North Africa, and to the Middle Asian states through to Mongolia (Ebejer and Barták, 2019). (2) Family, Syrphidae Latreille, 1802 Subfamily, Syrphinae Leach, 1815 Eupeodes corollae (Fabricius, 1794) Materials examined: 2 specimens, Summel Center, May 2013 on rose plant. General distribution: Worldwide (Dousti and Hayat, 2006). (E) Order, Hemiptera (1) Family: Anthocoridae Fieber, 1837 Subfamily: Anthocorinae Fieber, 1837 Orius albidipennis (Reuter, 1884) Material examined: 1 specimen, Summel Center, June 2013, apricot trees infested with aphids. General distribution: Arabian Peninsula, Canary Islands, Cape Verde Islands, Caucasus, Central Asia, India, Madeira, Near East, Pakistan, Spain, Northern and Tropical Africa (Ostovan et al., 2017), Iraq (Kaddou, 1967). (2) Family, Geocoridae Baerensprung, 1860 Subfamily, Geocorinae Baerensprung, 1860 Geocoris sp. Materials examined: 2 specimens, Duhok Center, July 2013 on kidney bean plants infested with aphids. General distribution: Worldwide (GBIF Secretariat, 2019). (3) Family, Miridae Hahn, 1833 Subfamily, Bryocorinae Baerensprung, 1860 Nesidiocoris tenuis (Reuter, 1895) 272 Survey of predator and parasitoid insects Materials examined: 4 specimens, Summel District (Summel Center), April 2014. Hosts: Tuta absoluta larvae on tomato plants (Mirza, 2014). General distribution: Paleotropical Region (Ghahari and Chérot, 2014). Subfamily, Deraeocorinae Douglas & Scott, 1865 Deracoris sp. Material examined: 1 specimen, Summel District (Batel), May 2013 on melon plants. General distribution: Palaearctic Region (Ghahari and Cherot, 2014). (4) Family, Nabidae A. Costa, 1853 Subfamily, Nabinae A. Costa, 1853 Nabis pseudoferus Remane, 1949 Materials examined: 4 specimens, Summel (Summel Center), April 2014. Hosts: Tuta absoluta larvae on tomato plants (Mirza 2014). General distribution: East Turkey, Cyprus, Lebanon, Iran and Iraq (Kerzhner, 1996; Ghahari et al., 2015). (5) Family, Reduviidae Latreille, 1807 Subfamily, Harpactorinae Amyot & Audinet- Serville, 1843 Coranus aegyptius (Fabricius, 1775) Materials examined: 3 specimens, Summel (Summel Center), April 2014. Hosts: Tuta absoluta larvae on tomato plants (Mirza, 2014). General distribution: Afghanistan, Armenia, Algeria, Canary Islands, Chad, Cape Verde Islands, Egypt, Iraq, Iran, Libya, Morocco, Mauritania, Senegal, Saudi Arabia, Syria, Turkmenistan, Tunisia, Uzbekistan, Yemen (Aukema et al., 2013, Ghahari et al., 2013). Subfamily, Reduviinae Amyot & Serville, 1843 Reduvius pallipes Klug, 1830 Material examined: 1 specimen, Summel District (Summel Center), June 2013 on soil. General distribution: North Africa, Italy (Sicily), Malta, Balkan Peninsula, Arabian Peninsula, Iran, Pakistan, Iraq (Aukema et al., 2013; Ghahari et al., 2013). (F) Order, Neuroptera Family, Chrysopidae Schneider, 1851 Subfamily, Chrysopinae Schneider, 1851 Chrysoperla carnea (Stephens, 1836) Materials examined: 2 specimens, Mangesh; 2 specimens, Summel (Summel Center), Fayda, May 2013 on wheat and weed plants. General distribution: widely distributed in the Palaearctic region, extending to Afrotropical (Cape Verde, Oman, United Arab Emirates, Yemen) and Oriental (China, India, Nepal) regions (Letardi et al., 2020). Parasitoids (A) Order, Diptera 273 Feyroz Ramadan Hassan Family, Tachinidae Subfamily, Phasiinae Phasia sp. Materials examined: (4 specimens) Summel District (Summel Center), April 2006. Host: Sunn pest Eurygaster integriceps adults on wheat field (Assaf, 2007). General distribution: Worldwide (GBIF Secretariat, 2019). (B) Order, Hymenoptera (1) Family, Aphelinidae Thomson, 1876 Subfamily, Coccophaginae Forster, 1878 Coccophagus sp. Material examined: 1 specimen, Akra District (Bijel), May 2009. Host: Eulecanium titiae (Linnaeus, 1758) (Coccidae: Homoptera) on fig trees (Akrawi, 2011). General distribution: Afghanistan, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Cyprus, Georgia, Greece, Iran, Iraq, Israel, Kyrgyzstan, Syria, Tajikistan, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Ukraine, Uzbekistan (Abd- Rabou et al., 2013). (2) Family, Braconidae Nees, 1811 Subfamily, Aphidiinae Haliday, 1833 Aphidius transcaspicus Telenga, 1958 Materials examined: 3 specimens, Summel (Summel Center), May 2013. Hosts: Brachycaudus amygdalinus and Hyalopterus pruni on apricot and peach trees (Assaf, 2001; Mahmoud et al., 2008). General distribution: Algeria, Iran, Egypt, Israel, Morocco, Tunisia, Turkey, Iraq (Stary, 1971). Praon volucre (Haliday, 1833) Materials examined: 1 specimen, Summel (Summel Center), May 2008. Hosts: Brachycaudus amygdalinus, Hyalopterus pruni on apricot and peach trees (Assaf, 2001; Mahmoud et al., 2008). General distribution: Palaearctic, Neotropical and Oriental (Farahani et al., 2016), Iraq (Stary, 1971). Subfamily, Braconinae Nees, 1811 Bracon osculator Nees, 1811 Materials examined: 1 specimen, Summel, (Summel Center), April 2014. Host: Tuta absoluta larvae on tomato plants (Mirza, 2014). General distribution: Hungary, Iran, Mongolia, Azerbaijan, Caucasus, Russia, Yugoslavia, Italy, Romania, Poland, Switzerland, Sweden, Siberia, Spain, Finland, Denmark, Austria, Belgium, the Netherlands, Germany, France, and England (Ameri et al., 2015). Habrobracon hebetor (Say, 1836) Material examined: 1 specimen, Summel (Summel Center) April 2014. Host: Tuta absoluta larvae on tomato plants (Mirza, 2014). 274 Survey of predator and parasitoid insects General distribution: Cosmopolitan - Afrotropical ( Botswana, Lesotho, Mauritius, Mozambique, Nigeria, Senegal, South Africa, Sudan); Australian ( Australia, New South Wales, New Zealand); Eastern Palearctic (China, Mongolia, Japan, Korea, Russia); Nearctic (Mexico, USA); Neotropical ( Argentina, Barbados, Bermuda, Brazil, Cuba, Jamaica, Peru, Puerto Rico); Oriental ( Bangladesh, China, Taiwan, India, Malaysia, Myanmar, Singapore, Sri Lanka, Thailand, Vietnam); Western Palaearctic ( Afghanistan, Algeria, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Azores, Belgium, Bulgaria, Canary Islands, Cape Verde Islands, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Egypt, England, France, Georgia, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iran, Iraq, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Kazakhstan, Lithuania, Macedonia, Madeira Islands, Moldova, Morocco, Netherlands, Niger, Pakistan, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russia, Russia, Saudi Arabia, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Switzerland, Syria, Tajikistan, Tunisia, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Ukraine, Uzbekistan) (Ameri et al., 2013). Subfamily, Euphorinae Förster, 1862 Dinocampus coccinellae (Schrank, 1802) Material examined: 1 specimen, Summel, June 2000. Host: Coccinella septempunctata adult (Assaf, 2001). General distribution: Australasian, Nearctic, Neotropical, Oceanic, Oriental and Palaearctic (Farahani et al., 2016). (3) Family, Crabronidae Latreille, 1802 Subfamily, Astatinae Lepeletier de Saint Fargeau, 1845 Astata sp. Materials examined: 1specimen, Summel (Batel, Ashei Village), July 2013 on weeds. General distribution: Austria, Afghanistan, Algeria, Albania, Belgium, Britain, Canary Island, Croatia, China, Czech Republic, Chile, Cyprus, Denmark, Egypt, Estonia, Finland, France, Greece, Germany, Hungary, Iraq, India, Iran, Israel, Italy, Korea, Kuwait, Kazakhstan, Latvia, Libya, Lithuania, Oman, Madeira, Mongolia, Malta, Morocco, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russia, Slovakia, Sweden, Spain, Switzerland, Socotra, Syria, South Africa, Tajikistan, Tunisia, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Ukraine, Uzbekistan, former Yugoslavia, Yemen (Gadallah et al., 2013). Subfamily, Crabroninae Latreille, 1802 Larra anathema (Rossi, 1790) Material examined: (1 specimen) Zakho (Rezgari, Bezhi), June 2013 on weeds. General distribution: Austria, Algeria, Belarus, Bulgaria, China, Cyprus, Croatia, Czech Republic, Egypt, France, Germany, Greece, Great Britain, Hungary, Iran, Ireland, Iraq, Israel, Italy, Kazakhstan, Libya, Macedonia, Morocco, Malta, Portugal, Russia, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, South Africa, Syria, Switzerland, Tajikistan, Turkey, Tunisia, Turkmenistan, United Arab Emirates, Uzbekistan, Ukraine (Gadallah et al., 2013). (4) Family, Encyrtidae Walker, 1837 Subfamily, Encyrtinae Walker, 1837 Blastothrix sp. 275 Feyroz Ramadan Hassan Material examined: 1 specimen, Akra District ( Bijel), May 2009. Host: Eulecanium titiae (Linnaeus, 1758) (Coccidae) that infested the fig trees (Akrawi, 2011). General distribution: wide distribution in Palearctic Region (Japoshvili et al., 2016). Cheiloneurus sp. Materials examined: 2 specimens, Akra District (Bijel), May 2009. Host: Eulecanium titiae (Coccidae) that infested the fig trees (Akrawi, 2011). General distribution: Wide distribution in Palearctic Region (Japoshvili et al., 2016). Encyrtus sp. Material examined: 1 specimen, Akra District (Bijel), May 2009. Host: Eulecanium titiae (Linnaeus, 1758) that infested of fig trees (Akrawi, 2011). General distribution: Wide distribution in Palearctic Region (Japoshvili et al., 2016). Eusemion sp. Materials examined: 2 specimens, Akra District (Bijel), May 2009. Host: Eulecanium titiae (Linnaeus, 1758) (Coccidae) that infested of the fig trees (Akrawi, 2011). General distribution: Wide distribution in Palearctic Region (Japoshvili et al., 2016). Syrphophagus nigrocyaneus Ashmead, 1904 Material examined: 1 specimen, Summel, June 2000. Host: Syrphus pupae (Assaf, 2001). General distribution: Afrotropical, China, Japan (Japoshvili et al., 2016); Iraq (Abdul- Rassoul, 1976). (5) Family, Eulophidae Westwood, 1829 Subfamily, Eulophinae Westwood, 1829 Pnigalio sp. Material examined: 1specimen, Summel District (Summel Center), May 2014. Host: Tuta absoluta larvae that infested of the tomato plants (Mirza, 2014). General distribution: Nearctic and Palearctic Region (GBIF Secretariat, 2019). (6) Family, Scelionidae (Haliday, 1839) Subfamily, Telenominae Thomson, 1860 Trissolcus sp. Materials examined: 6 specimens, Summel District (Summel Center), March 2006. Host: Sunn pest Eurygaster integriceps eggs on wheat field (Assaf, 2007). General distribution: Worldwide (GBIF Secretariat, 2019). (7) Family, Sphecidae Latreille, 1802 Subfamily, Ammophilinae André, 1886 Ammophila duhokensis Augul, Abdoul-Rassoul & Kaddou, 2013. 276 Survey of predator and parasitoid insects Materials examined: 1 specimen, Zawita/ Rashanki village, July 2013 on weeds. General distribution: Iraq (Augul et al., 2013). Podalonia tydei (Le Cuillou, 1841) Materials examined: 2 specimens, Shekhan (Qasrok), July 2013 on weed plants. General distribution: Afghanistan, Algeria, Angola, Australia, Bulgaria, Canary Islands, Chad, China, Cyprus, Egypt, Eritrea, Ethiopia, France, Greece, Hungary, India, Iraq, Iran, Italy, Israel, Jordan, Kenya, Kazakhstan, Libya, Macedonia, Malta, Morocco, Mongolia, Niger, Oman, Pakistan, Portugal, Russia, Romania, Rwanda, Saudi Arabia, South Africa, Somalia, Spain, Syria, Sudan, Tajikistan, Tunisia, Tanzania, Turkmenistan, Turkey, United Arab Emirates, Uzbekistan, Uganda, Western Sahara, Yemen, former Yugoslavia, Zimbabwe (Gadallah et al., 2013). Subfamily, Sceliphrinae Ashmead, 1899 Sceliphron madraspatnam (Fabricius, 1781) Materials examined: 2 specimens Bardarash (Bishiryan), July 2013 in tomato and cucumber fields. General distribution: Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Bulgaria, Central Asia, China, Croatia, Democratic Republic of the Congo, France, Greece, India, Indonesia, Iran, Iraq, Italy, Japan, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Laos, Malaysia, Montenegro, Pakistan, Philippines, Russia (only European), Spain, Syria, Taiwan, Tajikistan, Thailand, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Ukraine, Uzbekistan, Vietnam (Gadallah et al., 2013). Subfamily, Sphecinae Latreille, 1802 Prionyx viduatus (Christ, 1791) Materials examined: 2 specimens, Bajli, July 2013 on weed plant. General distribution: Afghanistan, Algeria, Cameroon, Canary Islands, China, Cyprus, Egypt, Ethiopia, France, Gabon, Greece, Guinea, India, Israel, Iran, Italy, Iraq, Japan, Kyrgyzstan, Kazakhstan, Libya, Malta, Morocco, Mauritania, Namibia, Niger, Oman, Portugal, Russia, Saudi Arabia, Senegal, Somalia, South Africa, Spain Syria, Sri Lanka, Taiwan, Thailand, Tajikistan, Tanzania, Tunisia, Turkey, Turkmenistan, United Arab Emirates, Uzbekistan, Ukraine, Vietnam, Western Sahara, Yemen, Zaire (Gadallah et al., 2013). (8) Family, Pteromalidae Dalman, 1820 Subfamily, Pteromalinae Dalman, 1820 Pachyneuron muscarum (Linnaeus, 1758) Materials examined: 7 specimens, Summel, May 2000. Hosts: Hyperparasitoid on Aphidius transcaspicus Telenga, 1958 (Assaf, 2001); one specimen, unknown species of Pachyneuron sp., Akra District, Bijel, June 2009 on Eulecanium titiae on fig trees (Akrawi, 2011). General distribution: Belgium, Bulgaria, Caucasus, Croatia, Czech Republic, Denmark, Europe, France, Georgia, Germany, Greece, Hungary, India, Israel, Italy, Kazakhstan, Moldova, the Netherlands, Poland, Romania, Russia, Saudi Arabia, Serbia, Slovakia, Spain, 277 Feyroz Ramadan Hassan Sweden, Switzerland, Taiwan, Turkey, Ukraine, UK, former Yugoslavia (Ghahari et al., 2015). Pteromalus puparum (Linnaeus, 1758) Materials examined: 5 specimens, Summel (Summel Center), April 2013 on Papilio demoleus pupae. General distribution: Algeria, Australia, Austria, Azores, Barbados, Belgium, Bermuda, Bolivia, Bulgaria, Canada, Canary Islands, Chile, China, Croatia, Czech Republic, Egypt, El Salvador, Europe, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hawaii, Hungary, India, Iraq, Ireland (north and south), Israel, Italy, Japan, Kazakhstan, Kirgizia, Korea, South Korea, Macedonia, Madeira, Malaysia, Moldova, Mongolia, Nepal, the Netherlands, New Zealand, North Africa, Pakistan, Papua New Guinea, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russia, Saudi Arabia, Slovakia, South Africa, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Tadzhikistan, Taiwan, Turkey, Ukraine, UK and USA (Ghahari et al., 2015). Scutellista caerulea (Fonscolombe, 1832) Material examined: 1 specimen, Akra District (Bijel), August 2009. Host: Ceroplastes rusci (L.) (Coccidae) on fig trees (Akrawi, 2011). General distribution: Afrotropical, Albania, Algeria, Argentina, Australia, Azerbaijan, Bolivia, Brazil, Canary Islands, Cayman Islands, Chile, China, Colombia, Croatia, Cuba, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Dominican Republic, Egypt, El Salvador, Eritrea, Ethiopia, France, Georgia, Greece, Hawaii, India, Israel, Italy, Ivory Coast, Japan, Kenya, Lebanon, Malta, Mexico, Morocco, the Netherlands, New Zealand, North Africa, Oman, Peru, Puerto Rico, Senegal, South Africa, Spain, Sri Lanka, Trinidad & Tobago, Tunisia, Turkey, Uganda, USA and Venezuela (Ghahari et al., 2015). (9) Family, Ichneumonidae Latreille, 1802 Subfamily, Diplazontinae Viereck, 1918 Diplazon laetatorius (Fabricius, 1781) Material examined: 1 specimen, Summel District (Summel Center), May 2000. Host: Syrphus sp. pupae (Assaf, 2001). General distribution: Afghanistan, Albania, Argentina, Australia, Austria, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Belgium, Brazil, Bulgaria, Burundi, Canada, Chile, China, Congo, Costa Rica, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Egypt, Estonia, Ethiopia, Fiji, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Guam, Guatemala, Hungary, Iceland, India, Indonesia, Iran, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Japan, Korea, Latvia, Libya, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Madagascar, Mexico, Moldova, Mongolia, Netherlands, New Zealand, Norway, Pakistan, Papua New Guinea, Peru, Philippines, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russia, Rwanda, Réunion, Senegal, Serbia & Montenegro, South Africa, Spain, Sudan, Sweden, Switzerland, Tajikistan, Tunisia, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Uganda, Ukraine, United Kingdom, Uruguay, USA, Uzbekistan, Zambia and Zimbabwe (Klopfstein, 2014); Iraq (Al-Ali, 1977). Subfamily, Phygadeuontinae Forster, 1869 Dichrogaster sp. 278 Survey of predator and parasitoid insects Material examined: 1 specimen, Summel District (Summel Center), May 2000. Hosts: Larvae of Chrysoperla vulgaris (Schneider, 1851) (Assaf, 2001). General distribution: Western Palearctic region (Barahoei et al., 2015). DISCUSSION This study is the result of the field survey carried out in Duhok province, Kurdistan region- Iraq focuses on insect predators and parasitoids. In this paper, we listed 47 species, of which 24 were collected during the current survey; and the rest species previously collected in Duhok City. The plant biodiversity of Duhok is very rich that provides a suitable environment for insects to build up, therefore Duhok deserves further, more comprehensive entomological investigation to document the natural enemies. The climate of Duhok is very favorable, and serves as a refuge for both plants and animals. Further studies may also lead to the discovery of host plants and biology of several poorly known species, improving our knowledge about the aspects of their life cycle, environmental conditions and needs of the nature conservation. 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(2021) 16 (3): 267- 282. اقليم –للمفترسات وأشباه الطفيليات الحشرية في محافظة دهوك مسح كوردستان العراق فيروز رمضان حسن ، دهوك، العراق قسم وقاية النبات، كلية علوم الهندسة الزراعية، جامعة دهوك 2021/ 20/60، تأريخ النشر: 18/03/2021، تأريخ القبول: 2020/ 24/11تأريخ االستالم: الخالصة عائلة و 23عويلة ، 34جنسا، 46 نوعا تعود الى 47 تم تسجيل وتشخيص -رتب حشرية للمفترسات والطفيليات خالل مسح أجري في محافظة دهوك 7 . 2014-2013كوردستان العراق تضمنت ؛ اذكرت البيانات المتعلقة بالعوائل و توزيع المناطق المتواجدة فيه القائمة المرجعية الحالية أيًضا بعض األنواع التي جمعت سابقًا من قبل باحثين آخرين في محافظة دهوك.