Bull 29 Al-Barazengy, et al. Bull. Iraq nat. Hist. Mus. (2015) 13 (4): 29-40 UPDATED LIST OF AMPHIBIANS AND REPTILES IN IRAQ 2014 Ali N. Al-Barazengy* 1 , Adel O. Salman**, Farah T. Abdul Hameed** *Iraqi Ministry of Environment/Center of Sustainable Management for Natural Ecosystem-biodiversity unit 1 corresponding author: Email: ali_bio_84@yahoo.com ** Iraqi Ministry of Environment/Center of Sustainable Management for Natural Ecosystem-Cites unit ABSTRACT The present work provides a list of all amphibians and reptiles recorded from Iraq up to 2014. It includes 115 species (105 species of reptiles and 10 species of amphibians) dating back to 25 families (20 families of reptiles and 5 families of amphibians). Conservation status of each species was mentioned. Keywords: Amphibians, Reptiles, Iraq, Biodiversity, Herpetofauna INTRODUCTION Reptiles and amphibians are an important part of the biodiversity, which are spreading across the land of Iraq. Iraq Natural History Museum's publication No: 26 in 1969 is the list that included all vertebrate animals in Iraq in that time, including the Herpetofauna in Iraq which consisted of 91 species of reptiles and 6 species of amphibians Mahdi and Georg (1969), then Nature Iraq (non-governmental organization) issued a draft list of reptiles and amphibians of Iraq (Amr, 2009). In this list of Herptofauna species of Iraq consist of (115) species distributed to (105 species of reptiles and 10 species of amphibians) dating back to 25 families (20 families of reptiles and 5 families of amphibians). These families include many genera but the species in this list located under 69 genera (61 of them of reptiles and 8 genera of amphibians). The studies of Herpetofauna in Iraq need more researches and explorations of species and subspecies located in it. Iraq is a rich and fertile area of biodiversity, In fact, there is hardly no place devoid of biodiversity in the different environments from the north to the far south, but although the Herpetology in Iraq did not have extensively of studied, In the middle of the last century, some Herpetologists have been published there note on Herpetology of Iraq like Hass (1957) and Khalaf (1959), but the big role and more importantly is to the Iraq Natural History Research Center and Museum in record and add many species of reptiles and amphibians to the Herpetofauna List of Iraq, Afrasiab and Ali (1989) recorded their list for Romaila reptiles, South of Iraq also Nature Iraq (Non-governmental organizations interested in the environment of Iraq ) issued a draft list of reptiles and amphibians in Iraq in 2009, followed by addition a number of species of snakes in Iraq and update the subspecies by the Iraq Natural History Research Center and Museum, This list included all of these updates and recently additions species. 30 Updated list MATERIALS AND METHODS This checklist is the latest update on species of Herpetofauna of Iraq. It includes all available and reliable information published of Herpetofauna species, which has been confirmed its occurrence in Iraq. The information on the list of species collected by reviewing of previous the old and new studies, literatures and the lists Herpetofauna species of Iraq like Garstecki and Amr (2011) and some neighboring countries, which indicated species that spread in a common environment between them and Iraq like Arnold (1986) and the publication of Iraq Natural History Research Center and Museum. In addition to the latest papers published of the species recorded for the first time in Iraq. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Updated list of amphibians and reptiles in Iraq 2014 Conservation status English name Scientific name AMPHIBIA Family: Salamandridae VU Mountain Newt, Azerbaijan Newt, Lake Urmia Newt Neurergus crocatus Cope, 1862 CR Kurdistan Newt Neurergus microspilotus (Nesterov, 1916) LC Common Fire Salamander, Fire Salamander Salamandra salamandra semenovi Nesterov, 1916 LC Southern Banded Newt, Banded Newt, Striped Eft Ommatotriton (Triturus) vittatus (Gray, 1835) Family: Bufonidae LC Iranian Earless Toad, Iranian Toad, Pakistan Toad Pseudepidalea (Bufo) surdus (Boulenger, 1891)* 1 DD Green Toad Pseudepidalea (bufo) viridis (Laurenti, 1768) *2 Family: Hylidae LC Middle East Tree Frog Hyla savignyi (Audouin, 1829) Family: Pelobatidae LC Eastern Spadefoot, Syrian Spadefoot Pelobates syriacus Boettger, 1889 Family: Ranidae LC Rana camerani Boulenger, 1886 *3 LC Eurasian Marsh Frog Pelophylax (Rana) ridibundus ridibundus (Pallas, 1771) * 1 Afrasiab and Ali (1988) * 2 Leviton et al. (1992) reported occurrence of Bufo viridis in Iraq, it also reported by Mohammad et al. (2010) and Jasim (2008). Disi et al. (1999) noted its presence in Jordan, but according to IUCN (2014a) it did not mapped in the range of these countries instead of that Pseudepidalea (Bufo) variabilis (Pallas, 1769) mapped and referred to its presence in Iraq and Jordan *3 Recorded by Kevork (1972) in Iraq and it considered a synonym to Rana macrocnemis, there is ongoing discussion regarding the taxonomic distinctiveness of R. camerani according to IUCN (2014b). 31 Al-Barazengy, et al. REPTILIA Family: Cheloniidae EN Loggerhead Sea Turtle Caretta caretta (Linnaeus, 1758) EN Green Turtle Chelonia mydas (Linnaeus, 1758) CR Hawksbill Turtle sub-species Eretmochelys imbricata bissa (Rüppell, 1835) VU Olive Ridley Lepidochelys olivacea (Eschscholtz, 1829) Family: Dermochelyidae CR Leather Back Sea Turtle sub- species Dermochelys coriacea schlegelii (Garman, 1884) Family: Emydidae NE Caspian Pond Turtle, Strip- necked Terrapin Mauremys caspica caspica (Gmelin, 1774)* 1 NE Caspian Pond Turtle, Strip- necked Terrapin Mauremys caspica siebenrocki Wischuf & Fritz, 1997* 2 Family: Testudinidae VU Spur-thighed Tortoise Testudo graeca ibera Pallas, 1814 Family: Trionychidae EN Euphrates Softshell Turtle Rafetus euphraticus (Daudin, 1801) Family: Amphisbaenidae NE Anatolian Worm Lizard Blanus strauchi aporus (Werner1898) Family: Trogonophidea LC Zarudnyi's Worm Lizard Diplometopon zarudnyi Nikolsky, 1907 * 3 Family: Agamidae NE Large Scaled-rock Agama Laudakia nupta nupta (De Filippi, 1843) LC Starred Agama, Roughtail Rock Agama Stellagama (Laudakia) stellio (Linnaeus, 1758) NE Black Tailed Toed Agama, Spotted Toad-headed Agama Phrynocephalus maculatus longicaudatus Haas, 1957 NE Brilliant Agama, Steppe Agama Trapelus agilis agilis (Olivier, 1807) NE Pale Agama Trapelus pallidus haasi (Y.werner, 1971)* 4 LC Trapelus persicus fieldi (Haas & Werner, 1969)* 5 LC Horny-scaled Agama, Oliver's Agama, Anderson's Agama, Baluch Ground Agama, Persia Agama Trapelus ruderatus (Olivier, 1804) * 5 *1 Recorded by Leviton et al. (1992) *2 Recorded by Amr (2009) * 3 Diplometopon shueaibi Niazi, 1979 was recorded a synonym to Diplometopon zarudnyi Nikolsky, 1907 by Leviton et al. (1992). * 4 Trapelus agnetae was treated as a synonym of T. pallidus until Disi et al. (2001) found it to be identical to the subspecies T. p. haasi, and thus T. p. haasi should be considered a junior synonym of T. p. agnetae. Subsequent molecular research found T. p. pallidus to be synonymous with T. mutabilis, but that T. p. agnetae belonged to a separate clade (Wagner et al., 2011). These authors therefore resurrected T. agnetae as a full species. * 5 This account follows Anderson (1999) and Disi (2002) in including Trapelus blandfordi within T. persicus, itself now a junior synonym of T. ruderatus (Rastegar-Pouyani, 2000). Trapelus ruderatus baluchianus (Olivier, 1804) is now included within Trapelus megalonyx (Günther, 1864), following Rastegar-Pouyani (2000). 32 Updated list Family: Gekkonidae LC Werner’s Leaf-toed Gecko Asaccus elisae (Werner, 1895) LC Grey Spotted Leaf-toed Gecko, Gray-marked Gecko Asaccus griseonotus Dixon & Anderson, 1973 NE Caves Gecko Asaccus saffinae Afrasiab & Mohamed, 2009 LC Baluch Rock Gecko, Arabian Desert Gecko, Southern Tuberculated Gecko Bunopus tuberculatus Blanford, 1874 LC Keeled Rock Gecko, Rough- tailed Gecko, Rough Thin-toed Gecko, Rough Bent-toed Gecko Cyrtopodion scabrum (Heyden, 1827) DD Iraqui Eyelid Gecko Eublepharis angramainyu Anderson & Leviton, 1966 NE Yellow-bellied House Gecko, Northern House Gecko Hemidactylus flaviviridis Rüppell, 1835 NE Persian Hecko, Persia Leaf-toed Gecko Hemidactylus persicus Anderson, 1872 LC Mediterranean Hecko, Turkish Hecko, Turkish Warty Hecko Hemidactylus turcicus (Linnaeus, 1758) DD Iraqui Keel-scaled Hecko, Iraqui Gecko Mediodactylus (Carinatogecko) heteropholis (Minton, Anderson & Anderson, 1970) NE Blandford’s Rough Scaled Gecko, Asia Minor Thin-toed Gecko Mediodactylus (Cyrtopodion) heterocercum mardinensis (Mertens 1924) LC Kotschy’s Gecko Mediodactylus (Cyrtopodion) kotschyi syriacus (Stepanek 1937) NE Common Fan-footed Gecko, Yellow Fan-fingered Gecko, Hasselquist’s Fan-footed Gecko Ptyodactylus hasselquistii (Donndorff, 1798) NE Levante Fan-fingered Gecko Ptyodactylus puiseuxi Boutan, 1893 LC Murray’s Comb-fingered Gecko, Iranian Short-fingered Gecko Stenodactylus affinis (Murray, 1884) LC Doriae’Scomb-fingered Gecko, Middle Eastern Short-fingered Gecko, Sand Gecko Stenodactylus doriae (Blanford, 1874) LC Stout Gecko, Jordan Short- fingered Gecko Stenodactylus grandiceps Haas, 1957 LC Slevin's Short-fingered Gecko Stenodactylus slevini Haas, 1957 Family: Lacertidae NE Bosc’s Fringe-toed Lizard, Bosk's Fringe-fingered Lizard Acanthodactylus boskianus (Daudin, 1802) LC Giant Fringe-toed Lizard, Mesopotamian Fringe-toed Lizard Acanthodactylus grandis Boulenger, 1909 33 Al-Barazengy, et al. LC Arnold’s Fringe- fingered Lizard, Snake-tailed Fringe- toed Lizard Acanthodactylus opheodurus Arnold, 1980 LC Acanthodactylus orientalis Angel, 1936 LC Robust Fringe-fingered Lizard Acanthodactylus robustus Werner, 1929 LC Schmidt’s Fringe-toed Lizard Acanthodactylus schmidti Haas, 1957 NE Nidua Fringe-fingered Lizard, Hardy’s Fringe-fingered Lizard Acanthodactylus scutellatus hardyi Haas, 1957 LC Anatolian Rock Lizard Apathya cappadocica muhtari (Eiselt 1979) LC Anatolian Rock Lizard Apathya cappadocica urmiana (Lantz & Suchow 1934) NE Aralo-Caspian Racerunner Eremias persica Blanford, 1875 LC Three-line Lizard, Giant Green Lizard Lacerta media media Lantz & Cyrén, 1920 LC Caspian Green Lizard, Striated Lizard Lacerta strigata Eichwald, 1831 LC Blandford’s Short-nosed Desert Lizard Mesalina brevirostris Blanford, 1874 NE Small-spotted Lizard Mesalina guttulata (Lichtenstein, 1823) NE Olivier's Sand Lizard Mesalina olivieri (Audouin, 1829) NE Snake-eyed Lizard Ophisops elegans Ménétriés, 1832 LC Siirt Lizard, Zagrosian Lizard Timon princeps kurdistanicus Suchow, 1936 Family: Scincidae LC European Snake-eyed Skink Ablepharus kitaibelii kitaibelii (Bibron & Bory, 1833) NE Asian Snake-eyed Skink Ablepharus pannonicus (Fitzinger, 1824) NE Ocellated Skink Chalcides ocellatus (Forsskål, 1775) NE Schneider's Skink Eumeces schneideri princeps (Eichwld, 1839) NE Common Sandfish Scincus scincus conirostris Blanford, 1881 NE Common Sandfish Scincus scincus meccensis Wiegmann, 1837 LC Levant Skink Trachylepis (Mabuya) aurata aurata (Linnaeus, 1758) NE Levant Skink Trachylepis (Mabuya) septemtaeniata (Reuss, 1834) LC Bridled Mabuya, Bridled Skink Trachylepis (Mabuya) vittata (Olivier, 1804) Family: Uromastycidae VU Egyptian Spiny Tailed Lizard Uromastyx aegyptia (Forskål, 1775) LC Mesopotamian Spiny Tailed Lizard, Small Spiny Tailed Lizard, Iraqi Mastigure, Iraqi Spiny-tailed Lizard Saara (Uromastix) loricata (Blanford, 1874) 34 Updated list Family: Varanida NE Desert Monitor Varanus griseus griseus (Daudin, 1803) Family: Leptotyphlopidae LC Long-nosed Worm Snake, Hooked Thread Snake Myriopholis (Leptotyphlops) macrorhynchus (Jan, 1860) Family: Typhlopidae NE Brahminy Blind Snake, Flowerpot Snake Ramphotyphlops braminus (Daudin, 1803) NE Blind Snake Species Typhlops vermicularis (Merrem, 1820) Family: Boidae NE Javelin Sand Boa Eryx jaculus familiaris Eichwald, 1831 NE Javelin Sand Boa Eryx jaculus jaculus (Linnaeus, 1758) LC Saudi Arabian Sand Boa, Arabian Sand Boa Eryx jayakari Boulenger, 1888 Family: Colubridae LC Large Whip Snake Dolichophis (Coluber) jugularis (Linnaeus, 1758) LC Collared Dwarf Snake Eirenis collaris (Ménétriés, 1832) LC Crowned Dwarf Snake Eirenis coronella coronella (Schlegel, 1837) LC Eirenis coronelloides Sivan & Werner, 2003 LC Narrow-striped Dwarf Snake Eirenis decemlineata (Duméril, Bibron & Duméril, 1854) NE Eirenis lineomaculata Schmidt, 1939 NE Dark-headed Dwarf Racer Eirenis persicus (Anderson, 1872) NE Asian Racer, Coin-Marked Snake Hemorrhois (Coluber) nummifer (Reuss, 1834) NE Spotted Wipe Snake Hemorrhois (Coluber) ravergieri (Ménétriés, 1832) LC Common Leaf-nosed Snake Lytorhynchus diadema gaddi Nikolsky, 1907 LC Common Leaf-nosed Snake Lytorhynchus diadema kennedyi K. Schmidt, 1939 LC Montpellier Snake Malpolon monspessulanus insignitus (Geoffroy St-Hilaire, 1809) LC Tessellated Water Snake, Natrix tessellata tessellata (Laurenti, 1768) LC Grass Snake Natrix natrix persa (Pallas 1814) NE Raid Snake, Jan’s Cliff Racer Platyceps ladacensis Perry, 2012 LC Dahl's Whip Snake Platyceps (Coluber) najadum dahlii (Fitzinger 1826) NE Glossy-bellied Racer, Hardwicke's Rat Snake Platyceps (Coluber) rhodorhachis (Jan, 1865) LC Rogers' Racer Platyceps (Coluber) rogersi (Anderson, 1893) http://www.catalogueoflife.org/col/details/species/id/13210112 http://www.catalogueoflife.org/col/details/species/id/13207759 http://www.catalogueoflife.org/col/details/species/id/13207759 http://www.catalogueoflife.org/col/details/species/id/13207760 35 Al-Barazengy, et al. NE Gray's Desert Racer, Hardwicke's Rat Snake, Glossy- bellied Racer Platyceps (Coluber) ventromaculatus Gray, 1834 NE Hooded Malpolon, Moila Snake Rhagerhis (Malpolon) moilensis (Reuss, 1834) NE Afro-Asian Sand Snake Psammophis schokari (Forsskål, 1775) LC Black-Headed Rhynchocalamus Rhynchocalamus melanocephalus satuni (Nikolsky, 1899) NE Diadem Snake Spalerosophis diadema cliffordii (Schlegel, 1837) EN Zebra Snake Spalerosophis microlepis Jan, 1865 LC Black Headed Snake Telescopus nigriceps (Ahl, 1924) LC Soosan Tiger Snake Telescopus tessellatus martini (Schmidt, 1939) LC Caucasian Rat Snake, Transcaucasian Rat Snake Zamenis hohenackeri (Strauch, 1873) Family: Elapidae LC Desert Cobra, Desert Black Snake Walterinnesia aegyptia Lataste, 1887 Family: Viperidae LC Arabian Horned Viper Cerastes gasperettii Leviton & Anderson, 1967 NE Saw-scaled Viper Echis carinatus sochureki Stemmler, 1969 NT Caucasus Viper Montivipera (Vipera) raddei kurdistanica (Nilson & Andren 1986) NT Blunt-nosed Viper Macrovipera lebetina obtuse (Dwigubsky, 1832) LC Field's horned Viper Pseudocerastes fieldi Schmidt, 1930 LC Persian Horned Viper Pseudocerastes persicus (Duméril, Bibron & Duméril, 1854) Family: Hydropfiidae LC Hook-nosed Sea Snake, Beaked Sea Snake Enhydrina schistosa (Daudin, 1803) LC Slender Sea Snake, Graceful Small Headed Sea Snake Hydrophis gracilis (Shaw, 1802) CR= Critically Endangered EN= Endangered VU= Vulnerable NT= Near Threatened LC= Least Concern DD= Data Deficient NE= Not Evaluated The information local conservation status of the Fauna in Iraq are very few so that of the Herpetofauna in Iraq, in this list we used the global conservation status for each species according to the IUCN (2014c) Red List, the conservation status consist of Critically Endangered (CR), Endangered (EN), Vulnerable (VU), Near Threatened (NE), Least Concern https://www.google.iq/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=13&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=0CHsQFjAM&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.inaturalist.org%2Flisted_taxa%2F1287269&ei=wJOYU-DfK6nhywP2mIK4Dg&usg=AFQjCNGRtmUn8vFviIG-q5LZFJ-EW5SfbA&sig2=Ua4nCK9P0J-AKLxTQjYvwQ&bvm=bv.68693194,d.bGQ 36 Updated list (LC), Data Deficient (DD) and Not Evaluated (NE) for the species that did not have a category in the IUCN (2014c) Red List yet. This list includes the new records of reptiles in Iraq one of them is the Caves Gecko Asaccus saffinae which discovered for the first time in the world in Iraq by Afrasiab and Mohamad (2009) in one of the caves of Saffine mountain near Erbil province. Another species recently recorded for the first time in Iraq and we add it to the list which consists of one species of lizards and four species of snakes, as are shown in below: Striated Lizard Lacerta strigata recorded in Iraq according to three specimens collected from Gelki Islam near the Khapoor river and the road to Kanimase, Zakhow district, western Kurdistan, in fact that records restricted to described areas so that this species of lizard may have been introduced from the mountains of eastern Turkey by flooding of the Khapoor river Afrasiab et al. (2013). The Rat Snake Zamenis hohenackeri and snake Platyceps ladacensis recorded in northeast of Iraq by Afrasiab and Mohamad (2011), found at the foot of Hawraman mountain in Erbil province in Kurdistan Iraq, which represents the first record of Iraq, also the rare and endangered snake Spalerosophis microlepis record for the first time in Iraq in Serine mountain, northern of Erbil province by Afrasiab and Mohamad (2014). The snake Natrix natrix persa was recorded for the first time in Iraq by Afrasiab et al. (2012) located near Dialah Bridge, 10 km east of Baghdad. The occurrence of the Black Tailed Toed Agama Phrynocephalus maculates longicaudatus have been confirmed and its presence observed in the south-west of Iraq in Muthanna province near of AL- Khuder city and in semi desert on the side of Sawa lake by Albarazengy (2015), there were neither specimens of Phrynocephalus maculates in Iraq Natural History Research Center and Museum nor published searches of its distribution in Iraq Leviton et al. (1992), Anderson (1999), also there were no reliable local and realistic data about its distribution in Iraq Abu-Baker et al. (2005). Many species in this list was updated which are placed under another genera. Also two subspecies placed to be a separated species according to Rastegar-Pouyani et al. (2008), International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) and the official website The Reptile Database, as follows: The updated genera of the Amphibians are: Ommatotriton (Triturus) vittatus, Pseudepidalea (Bufo) surda, Pseudepidalea (Bufo) viridis, Pelophylax (Rana) ridibundus ridibundus. The updated genera of the Reptiles are: Stellagama (Laudakia) stellio, Mediodactylus (Carinatogecko) heteropholis, Mediodactylus (Cyrtopodion) heterocercum, Mediodactylus (Cyrtopodion) kotschyi syriacus, Trachylepis (Mabuya) aurata aurata, Trachylepis (Mabuya) septemtaeniata , Trachylepis (Mabuya) vittata, Saara (Uromastix)loricata, Myriopholis (Leptotyphlops) macrorhynchus, Dolichophis (Coluber) jugularis, Hemorrhois (Coluber) nummifer, Hemorrhois (Coluber) ravergieri, Platyceps (Coluber) najadum dahlia, Platyceps(Coluber) rhodorhachis, Platyceps (Coluber) rogersi, Platyceps (Coluber) ventromaculatus, Rhagerhis (Malpolon) moilensis, Montivipera (Vipera) raddei kurdistanica. 37 Al-Barazengy, et al. The placed subspecies to be separated species, Pseudocerastes fieldi and Pseudocerastes persicus. Recently the species of the spiny tailed lizard Uromastyx egyptia and Saara (Uromastix) loricata are separated and placed to be under an isolated family: Uromastycidae after it was under the family of Agamidae (Rastegar-Pouyani et al., 2008; Gholamifard et al., 2012). The english names of Amphibians and Reptiles species in this list collected from many references and websites specializing in Herpetology. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS We would like to extend our thanks and gratitude to all of: Iraqi Ministry of Environment (IMoE), for support the field surveys in Iraq, Saman R. Afrasiab: herpetologist in Iraq Natural history research center and museum for reviewed the list, We thank our colleagues in the Center of Sustainable Management for Natural Ecosystem (IMoE): Ali Haloob Botanist and Reserves Division official for advice and support, Zeinab Khalil Ibrahim director of the Center for support and oversee the list, Rana Asadullah Hassan Biodiversity Division official for moral support during preparation of the list. LITERATURE CITED Abu-Baker, M., Siroky, P., Amr, P., and Modry, D. 2005. Discovery of a population of Phrynocephalus maculates Anderson in Hashemit Kingdom of Jordan, Herpetozoa, 18(3/4): 107-113. Afrasiab, S.R. and Ali, H.A., 1989. Report on collection of reptiles from Rumaila desert South of Iraq, Bull. Iraq Nat. Hist. Mus, 8:65-73. Afrasiab, S.R. and Ali, H.A. 1988. A new record of toad Bufo surdus Boulenger (Amphibia, Bufonidae) from Iraq, with preliminary key for Iraqi Amphibia. Bull. Iraq Nat. Mus, 115-123. 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(2015) 13 (4): 29-40 4102القائمة المحدثة للبرمائيات والزواحف في العراق لعام **دعبد الحمي طهفرح ** سلمان عمرانعادل * علي نعمة البرزنجي شعبة التنوع –مركز االدارة المستدامة للنظم البيئية الطبيعية / وزارة البيئة العراقية * االحيائي ali_bio_84@yahoo.com: البريد االلكتروني * شعبة سايتس –مركز االدارة المستدامة للنظم البيئية الطبيعية / وزارة البيئة العراقية ** الخالصة عام حتى العراق في المسجلة والزواحف البرمائيات بجميع قائمة هذا البحث ستعرضي التي( البرمائيات من انواع 01 و الزواحف من نوعا 011) نوعا 001 ضماذ ت ,4102 .حفظها حالة وذكر(. عائلة 1 والبرمائيات الزواحف من عائلة 41) عائلة 41 إلى عودت