Bull 129 BULLETIN OF THE IRAQ NATURAL HISTORY MUSEUM Ali et al. Bull. Iraq nat. Hist. Mus. (2022) 17 (1): 129-140. https://doi.org/10.26842/binhm.7.2022.17.1.0129 ORIGINAL ARTICLE MORPHOLOGICAL, ANATOMICAL AND CHEMICAL STUDY OF AN EXOTIC PLANT JATROPHA INTEGERRIMA JACQ. 1763 (EUPHORBIACEAE) IN IRAQ Zainab Abid Aun Ali*, Hadeel M. Habeeb and Liqaa A. Jazaa Department of Biology, College of Science for Women, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq. *Corresponding author E-mail: zainabao_bio@csw.uobaghdad.edu.iq Received Date: 22 December 2021, Accepted Date: 13 June 2022, Published Date: 20 June 2022 This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License ABSTRACT Jatropha L. is an exotic genus to Iraq and it has been cultivated in gardens for ornamental purposes because of the shiny red color of the flowers. The plant adapted to environmental conditions and succeeded in growing and blooming, which is why the species was interested to study. The species Jatropha integerrima Jacq. was examined and diagnosed for the first time in Iraq. Morphological and anatomical characteristics for leaves (considering that the variations are the most reliable and taxonomically important) were provided. The Phytochemical screening showed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, terpenes, tannins and saponins. The qualitative analysis by TLC indicated the presence of alkaloids and flavonoid that was detected by special reagent and UV light, which included two orange spots of alkaloid with 0.71 and 0.63 Rf value one flavonoid yellow spot with 0.43 Rf value. Key words: Euphorbiaceae, Exotic, Iraq, Jatropha, Phytochemical screening. INTRODUCTION Euphorbiaceae Juss. was first adequately delimited as a natural group of plant by A. L. de Jussieu in 1789 (Perry, 1943). The family is characterized by hypogynous flowers, actinomorphic, mostly unisexual; perianth rarely double, usually simple or wanting; androecium 1-∞; ovary of 3 carpels, trilocular, with 1 or 2 suspended ovules in each cell; micropyle directed upwards and outwards, and covered with a fleshy outgrowth (caruncle). Fruit almost invariably a schizocarp-capsule, splitting into carpels, often elastically (Heywood, 1978; Judd et al., 1999). Petals in Euphorbiaceae usually absent but present in only two genera: Jatropha and Aleurites (Singh, 2006). Jatropha L. is a genus of 175 species (Aworinde et al., 2009). Changes in order Malpighiales that Jatropha belongs to- mainly reflected assignment to this order of six previously unplaced families and the dismemberment of broadly circumscribed Flacourtiaceae and Euphorbiaceae (APG II, 2003). Jatropha in Greek language is “iatros”: physician and trophe: food; because they use the species Jatropha BULLETIN OF THE IRAQ NATURAL HISTORY MUSEUM Iraq Natural History Research Center & Museum, University of Baghdad https://jnhm.uobaghdad.edu.iq/index.php/BINHM/Home Online ISSN: 2311-9799 Print ISSN: 1017-8678 https://doi.org/10.26842/binhm.7.2022.17.1.0129 https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3096-5295 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2742-8774 https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5931-5507 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ https://jnhm.uobaghdad.edu.iq/index.php/BINHM/Home 130 BULLETIN OF THE IRAQ NATURAL HISTORY MUSEUM Morphological, anatomical and chemical study curcas as purgative (WFO, 2022 a). Researchers survey the antimicrobial activity of the leaves methanol extract of Jatropha sp. against many organisms like Escherichia coli, Bacillus subtilis, Streptococcus aureus and Klepsiella pneumonia, all treatments reduced the growth and activity of these pathogenic organisms (Seth and Sarin, 2010; Oyama et al., 2016). Moreover, it has a pesticidal that effect on adult mortality and hatching eggs of many insects like Ticks and Mites and used as traditional therapy in Asia and Africa (Juliet and Ghosh, 2012). This genus is exotic to Iraqi environment, and it is cultivated in gardens for ornamental purposes but it adapted to the environmental conditions and succeeded in growing. The current study aimed to examine, identify the Jatropha species recorded for the first time in Iraq. MATERIALS AND METHODS Identification: The plant was identified by different classification keys (Welzen et al., 2017; Flora of Pakistan, 2011; eFlora, 2014 a, b, c, d). Compared with reference herbarium specimens of GBIF organization gallery online those were collected from different Asian countries (GBIF secretariat, 2020). The acceptance of its binomial scientific name checked with the World Flora Online (WFO, 2022 a, b). Morphological study Different (vegetative and reproductive) parts were collected from cultivated trees grown in scientific garden in College of Science for Women- University of Baghdad and some other gardens, to examine the morphological characteristics by dissecting microscope while the morphology of pollen grains studied by light microscope under the oil immersion lens; the pollen grain was taken from mature floral buds. Anatomical study The study examined the orthogonal section of the blades, according to Al-Musawi, (1979) to examine the anatomical characteristics by light microscope. Chemical study •Plant extraction: The dry Jatropha integerrima leaf was extracted by hot alcoholic Soxhlet with (1:10; Water: Alcohol) for 6-8 hour at 60-80 C°, then the extract was filtered and dried (Al-Momen et al., 2015). •Phytochemical screening The active constituents alkaloids, flavonoids, terpenes, tannins and saponins were detected according to Al-Momen et al. (2015). Each active compound was detected by using two different specific qualitative reagents (Tab.1). •Thin layer chromatography (TLC) TLC method analysis is used to analyze some active compound (alkaloids and flavonoids). TLC plate (Merck .25mm silica gel 60) was activated in oven at 100-120 C° 131 BULLETIN OF THE IRAQ NATURAL HISTORY MUSEUM Ali et al. for one hour. The mobile phase was prepared, introduced to jar and saturated for one hour then the TLC was developed and the separated was compounds were detected. (1) Alkaloid qualitative analysis. The alkaloids were determined by TLC method using ethyl acetate: ethanol (4:1) according to (Kabesh et al., 2015) and methanol: chloroform: ammonia (20:5:.25) according to (Deshmukh et al., 2012) development system then the alkaloids were detected using UV light (254 and 365 nm) and Dragendorff reagent and the Rf value was measured. (2) Flavonoid qualitative analysis The analysis of flavonoids was carried out by using ethyl acetate: glacial acetic acid: formic acid: water (100:11:11: 25) solvent system. Then after the plat was developed, the flavonoids were detected using UV light (254 and 365 nm) and aluminum chloride reagent and the Rf value was measured. (Kumar et al., 2007) Table (1): The types of detections and their reagents that used in the current study. No. Type of detection Type of reagents 1 Alkaloids A- Mayer reagent 2 B- Wagner reagent 3 Flavonoid A- Magnesium crystals and 1% HCl 4 B- H2SO4 reagent 5 Terpenes A- Chloroform and H2SO4 6 B- Anace aldehyde reagent 7 Tannins A- FeCl3 reagent 8 B- Lead acetate reagent 9 Sapiens A- Foam reagent 10 B- HgCl2 reagent RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Genus Jatropha belongs to Euphorbiaceae family, some species were imported to Iraq during the last few years as ornamental trees for gardens because of their colorful red flowers, it was adapted to the environmental conditions and established vegetatively in Iraq, and the current study did not observe any development for its fruits. Gorvaets (2017) listed 15 synonyms for it and reported Jatropha integerrima Jacq. as an accepted name, and there were three more synonyms listed in by WFO (2022 b) shown in the list below: 1. Adenoropium hastatum (Jacq.) Britton & P. Wilson 2. Adenoropium integrrimum (Jacq.) Pohl 3. Adenoropium pandurifolium (Andrews) Pohl 4. Jatropha acuminata Desr. 5. Jatropha coccinea Link 6. Jatropha diversifolia A. Rich. 7. Jatropha diversifolia var. pandurifolia (Anrdews) M. Gómez 132 BULLETIN OF THE IRAQ NATURAL HISTORY MUSEUM Morphological, anatomical and chemical study 8. Jatropha hastata Jacq. 9. Jatropha integerrima var. coccinea (Link) N. P. Balakr. 10. Jatropha integerrima var. hastata (Jacq.) Fosberg 11. Jatropha integerrima var. latifolia (Pax.) N. P. Balakr. 12. Jatropha moluensis Sessé & Moc. 13. Jatropha pandurifolia Andews 14. Jatropha pandurifolia var. coccinea (Link) Pax 15. Jatropha pandurifolia var. latifolia Pax 16. Jatropha diversifolia var. pauciflore (C. Wright ex Griseb.) M. Gómez 17. Jatropha glaversifolia Pax & K. Hoffm. 18. Jatropha pauciflora C. Wright ex Griseb The tree is deciduous, blooming continues during the three other seasons, from February till December; so the red flowers of Jatropha tree give a very shiny view in the gardens. Flowers symmetrical, actinomorphic, pentamerous, tetracyclic (tricyclic). Polygamous, some flowers are bisexual (perfect) and some are unisexual (imperfect), with numerous male flowers; it was very difficult to find some female flowers and the bisexual were rare. During observations, the authors noticed that the pollen grains become free (anthers dehiscent) before the petals opened, protandrous however, the current study could not find ripened fruits but only growing ovary. The plant contains latex as all members of the family Euphorbiaceae, this latex comes out of broken parts and turns white after dryness (Pl. 1). Morphological Characteristics: Perennial, deciduous tree, stem erect, solid up to 3m. height with ascending brunches. Leaves ovate- semi cordate, apex acute, margins either entire or almost dentate (one prominent dental shape in each side); the entire margin leaves 6.0- 8.0 cm x 3.0- 4.0 cm. petioles 1.3- 1.5 cm x 1.0 mm; leaves with dentate margin 10.5 cm x 6.6- 8.5 cm their petioles 5.7- 7.5 cm. x 1.5 mm., five main veins, exstipulate (Pl. 2). Inflorescences are cymose compound dichasium, female flower exist at the top of the rachis and blooms before males (basipetal succession). Verticillasters 6- 9 flowers. Peduncle brown 8.0- 10.0 cm x1.0-1.5mm, pedicel brown 8.0 mm x 1.0 mm. Bracts 2, deciduous, light green (yellowish), leafy, ligulate, sessile, acute apex, entire margin, 6.0 mm x 1.5 mm. (Pl. 3). Calyx synsepalous, 5 sepals, petaloid, campanulate, 3.0- 4.0 mm x 2.5 mm in male flower, 5.0 mm x ± 4.0 mm in female flower, teeth deltoid 1.5 mm x 1.5 mm in male flower, 4 mm x 2 mm in female flower. Five reddish brown gland bodies arranged opposite to sepals in male flowers but arranged as circle under the ovary opposite to petals in female flowers. Corolla red, 5 petals, twisted to the right, caryophyllaceous with very short claw, obovate, rounded- retuse apex, entire margin, 13- 14 mm x 9.0- 10 mm, dense white hairs at the inner surface of the base (Pl. 4). 133 BULLETIN OF THE IRAQ NATURAL HISTORY MUSEUM Ali et al. Androecium, 8 stamens, almost monodelphous, with fused filaments at the lower part as a white column and the upper free red parts, 4 stamens are short 2.0 mm and 4 are longer ± 3.0 mm, anthers red, longitudinal dehiscence, 2 lateral extrorse splits. Gynoecium, 3 carpels, ovary 3 lobes, green with red lines change to green during ripening, styles fused, terminal, 3 black linear stigma, placentation free central, one pendulous ovule in each locule. Mature ovary is longitudinal spherical- trigonous (Pl. 5). Pollen grains yellow, spheroidal, dense verrucae or with papillae dense sculptured, processes are arranged in form of reticule, diameter ± 203µ (Pl. 6). Plate (1): Jatropha integerrima; (A) Anthers dehiscent within the floral bud, (B) Broken part showing the white latex substance. Plate (2): Different view of Jatropha integerrima leaves; (A1and A2) Leaf with dental blade margin, (B1and B2): Leaf with entire blade margin, (C) Blade apex, (D) Blade base, (E) The two sides of the ovate leaves, (F) The base of main veins of abaxial surface. (Scale: 2 cm). 134 BULLETIN OF THE IRAQ NATURAL HISTORY MUSEUM Morphological, anatomical and chemical study Plate (3): Jatropha integerrima; (A1, A2 and A3) Compound dichasium inflorescence with bracts, (B1) Female flower, (B2) Female flower at the top of inflorescence. (Scale 1mm between each black line). Plate (4): Jatropha integerrima; (A) Male flower, (B) Calyx of male flower, (C) Petals with rounded apex, (D) Twisted petals, (E) Calyx of female flower, (F) Petal with retuse apex, (A-F: Scale bar= 5mm), (G) Gland bodies under ovary, (H) Gland bodies in male calyx at the base of sepals (G, H: 400X). 135 BULLETIN OF THE IRAQ NATURAL HISTORY MUSEUM Ali et al. Plate (5): Jatropha integerrima; (A) Longitudinal dehiscence anthers (400X), (B) Androecium, (C) Liner stigmae, (D) L.S. in ovary, (E) Pedunculate ovules, (F) C.S. in ovary, (G) Enlarged ovary with dry style and stigma. (B-G: Scale bar=3mm). Plate (6): Jatropha integerrima, pollen grains under light microscope with different focusing degree to show the papillae at the same magnifying power (1000X). Chemical study: Jatropha integerrima methanol extract contains the active compound that is shown in Table (2) using phytochemical screening. Table (2): Phytochemical screening of Jatropha integerrima methanol extract *The reagents mentioned in Table (1). Active compound Reagent A * Reagent B * Alkaloid + + Flavonoids + + Terpenes + + Tannins + + Saponins + + 136 BULLETIN OF THE IRAQ NATURAL HISTORY MUSEUM Morphological, anatomical and chemical study Alkaloid qualitative analysis: The TLC of Jatropha integerrima alkaloids were isolated from the methanol extract of leaves eluted with ethyl acetate: ethanol and methanol: chloroform: ammonia mobile phase and the UV light showed separation of organic active compound followed by spray. The TLC plat with Dragendorff reagent showed the presence of orange spot with Rf value 0.71 and 0.63 respectively which confirming the presence of alkaloids (Pl. 7). Plate (7): (A1, B1and C1) dissolved in ethyl acetate: ethanol solvent system, (A2, B2 &C2) dissolved in methanol: chloroform: ammonia solvent system, (A1and A2) TLC under 365 nm UV light, (B1and B2) TLC under 254 nm UV light showed separation of organic compound, (C1and C2) TLC after sprayed with Dragendorff reagent showed the presence of orange spot which mean the presence of alkaloids. Flavonoid qualitative analysis: The investigation of flavonoids isolated from Jatropha integerrima leaf methanol extract by TLC using ethyl acetate: glacial acetic acid: formic acid: water as a mobile phase and UV light detection showed the separation of some active compounds, then by sprayed the TLC plat with aluminum chloride reagent, it showed spot with yellow colour with 0.43 Rf value which represents an evidence of flavonoids finding (Pl. 8). Plate (8): (A) TLC Under 365 nm UV light, (B) TLC under 254 nm UV light, (A and B) TLC Separation of active substance, (C and D) TLC after sprayed with aluminum chloride reagent the presence of yellow spot proved the presence of flavonoids. 137 BULLETIN OF THE IRAQ NATURAL HISTORY MUSEUM Ali et al. Anatomical study: The transverse section in leaf blade reflects that the blades are bifacial with palisade cells arranged under the abaxial epidermis in 2-3 rows, the shape of the palisade cells varied between square and rectangle. The sponge layer consists of many rows of different sizes of parenchyma thin walled cells, there were many cavities between the sponge layer cells and also in different sizes, but the study noticed that the cavities were lack around the main vascular bundle and the parenchyma cells were compact around it. The epidermal layer consist of one row of quadrangular transverse shaped cells, cells were with papillae protrusions which were missed at the main vein location. The cross section of the main veins showed a vascular bundle bigger than those in the smaller veins; vascular bundle longitudinal ovate, transporting elements are less not more than 3-4 columns. The cross section of the smaller vascular bundle are also longitudinal ovate, contain 3- 4 columns too. The cavities in the sponge layer are bigger, it seems that some small ones united and formed big cavities (Pl. 9). Plate (9): Orthogonal sections of the leaf blade; (A) The main vein, (B) The smaller vein(V.B.: Vacsuler Bundle; Pl.: Palisade cells; Cav.: Cavity; Sp.: Spong cells; Ep.: Epidermis) CONCLUSIONS The current study was interested in this plant as exotic plant introduced to Iraq environment and succeeded in growing with shiny flowers. Up to this study, the authors did not find any negative biological effects for this plant. The study noticed that the fruits are not available and suggested to do more researches about it. CONFLICT OF INTEREST STATEMENT "The authors have not declared any conflicts of interest". LITERATURE CITED AL-Momen, H. M. H., Gali, M. A. H. and Alwash, B. M. J. 2015. Isolation of Jasmimin from Jasmine (Jasminum sambac). Iraqi Journal of Biotechnology, 14 (2): 113- 121. [Click here] https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Bushra-Alwash-2/publication/325269548_Isolationof_Jasmimin_fromJasmine_Jasminum_sambac/links/5b055152aca2725832b249e3/Isolationof-Jasmimin-fromJasmine-Jasminum-sambac.pdf 138 BULLETIN OF THE IRAQ NATURAL HISTORY MUSEUM Morphological, anatomical and chemical study Al-Musawi, A. 1979. A systematic study of the genus Hyoscyamus (Solanaceae). Ph. D. Thesis, University of Reading. U.K., 291pp. [Click here] APG II. 2003. An update of the angiosperm phylogeny group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG II. Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society, 141 (4): 399-436. [Click here] Aworinde, D., Nwoye, D., Jayeola, A., Olagoke, A. and Ogundele, A. 2009. Taxonomic significance of foliar epidermis in some members of Euphorbiaceae Family in Nigeria. Journal of Botany, 4 (1): 17-28. [Click here] Deshmukh, S. R.; Ashrit, D. A. and Patil, B. A. 2012. Extraction and evaluation of indole alkaloids from Rauwolfia serpentina for their antimicrobial and antiproliferative activities. International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 4 (5): 329-334. [Click here] eFlora. 2014 a. Euphorbiaceae sensu lato. (Accessed on 5.April.2022). [Click here]. eFlora. 2014 b. Crotonoideae Pax. Available at: (Accessed on 5.April.2022). [Click here] eFlora. 2014 c. Jatropheae (Meisn.) Pax. (Accessed on 5.April.2022). [Click here] eFlora. 2014 d. Jatropheae (Meisn.) Pax. (Accessed on 5.April.2022). [Click here] Flora of Pakistan. 2011. Euphorbiaceae Juss. (Accessed on 5.April.2022). [Click here] GBIF Secretariat. 2020. Jatropha L. [Click here] Gorvaets, R. 2017. Catalogue of life organization. [Click here] Heywood, V. 1978. Flowering plants of the world. Oxford University Press, p. 185-187. Judd, W., Cambell, C., Kellog, E. and Stevens, P. 1999. Plant Systematic. A Phylogenetic Approach. Sinauer Associates, Inc. Publishers Suderland, Massachusetts, USA, 46 pp. Juliet, S., Ravindan, R., Athalathil, S., Ajith, K. G. K., Suresh, N. N., Amithamol, K. K., Amitabh, B., Ajay, R. S. K. and Ghosh, S. 2012. Jatropha curcas (Linn.) leaf extract a possible alternative for population control of Rhipicephailus (Boophilus) annulatus. Asian African Journal of Tropical Disease, 2(3): 225-229. [Click here] Kabesh, K., Senthilkumar, P., Ragunathan, R. and Kumar, R. R. 2015. Phytochemical analysis of Catharanthus roseas plant extract and its antimicrobial activity. International journal of Pure and Applied Bioscience, 3 (2):162-172. [Click here] https://iasj.net/iasj/download/ba3e78f4ad645902 https://academic.oup.com/botlinnean/article/141/4/399/2433548 https://scialert.net/fulltext/?doi=rjb.2009.17.28 https://www.researchgate.net/publication/285569298_Extraction_and_evaluation_of_indole_alkaloids_from_Rauwolfia_serpentina_for_their_antimicrobial_and_antiproliferative_activities https://efloraindia.bsi.gov.in/eFlora/taxonList.action?id=6&type=2 https://efloraindia.bsi.gov.in/eFlora/taxonList.action?id=51&type=6 https://efloraindia.bsi.gov.in/eFlora/taxonList.action?id=152&type=7 https://efloraindia.bsi.gov.in/eFlora/taxonList.action?id=178&type=3 http://legacy.tropicos.org/Name/42000236?projectid=32#Key https://www.gbif.org/occurrence/gallery?taxon_key=3073017 http://www.catalogueoflife.org/col/details/species/id/3426c912381426593d24fae10ae586b2 https://www.researchgate.net/publication/257746892_Jatropha_curcas_Linn_leaf_extract_-a_possible_alternative_for_population_control_of_RhipicephalusBoophilus_annulatus http://www.ijpab.com/form/2015%20Volume%203,%20issue%202/IJPAB-2015-3-2-162-172.pdf 139 BULLETIN OF THE IRAQ NATURAL HISTORY MUSEUM Ali et al. Kumar, G. S., Jayaveera, K. N., Kumar, C. K. A., Sanjay, U. P., Swamy, B. M. V. and Kumar, D. V. K. 2007. Antimicrobial effects of Indian medicinal plants against acne-inducing bacteria. Tropical Journal of Pharmaceutical Research, 6 (2): 717- 723. [Click here] Oyama, M. O., Malachi, O. I. and Oladejo, A. A. 2016. Phytochemical screening and antimicrobial activity of leaf extract of Jatropha curcas. Journal of Advances in Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 8(1): 1-6. [Click here] Perry, B. A. 1943. Chromosome number and phylogenetic relationships in the Euphorbiaceae. American Journal of Botany, 30(7): 527-543. [Click here] Seth, R. and Sarin, R. 2010. Analysis of the phytochemical content and anti-microbial activity of Jatropha gossypifolia L. Archives of Applied Science Research, 2 (5): 285-291. [Click here] Singh, G. 2006. Diversity of seed plants and their systematics (diversity of flowering plants). SBD Khalsa College, New Delhi: p. 2-50. [Click here] Welzen, P. C. van, Sweet, F. S. T. and Fernandez- Casas, F. J. 2017. A revision of Jatropha (Euphorbiaceae) in Malesia. Blumea Journal of Plant Taxonomy and Plant Geography, 62: 58-74. [Click here] WFO. 2022 a. Jatropha L. (Accessed on 5.April.2022). [Click here] WFO. 2022 b. Jatropha integerrima Jacq. (Accessed on 5.April.2022). [Click here] http://www.bioline.org.br/pdf?pr07012 https://www.researchgate.net/publication/302917468_Phytochemical_Screening_and_Antimicrobial_Activity_of_Leaf_Extract_of_Jatropha_curcas https://www.cabi.org/isc/datasheet/28395 https://www.scholarsresearchlibrary.com/articles/analysis-of-the-phytochemical-content-and-antimicrobial-activityof-jatropha-gossypifolia-l.pdf http://nsdl.niscair.res.in/bitstream/123456789/401/1/Diversity%20of%20flowering%20plants%20-%20Formatted.pdf https://www.researchgate.net/publication/316313819_A_revision_of_Jatropha_Euphorbiaceae_in_Malesia http://www.worldfloraonline.org/taxon/wfo-4000019533 http://www.worldfloraonline.org/taxon/wfo-0000219712 140 BULLETIN OF THE IRAQ NATURAL HISTORY MUSEUM Morphological, anatomical and chemical study Bull. Iraq nat. Hist. Mus. (2022) 17 (1): 129-140. الدخيل دراسة الشكل املظهري والتشريحي والكيميائي للنبات Jatropha integrrima Jacq., 1763 (Euphorbicaceae) في العراق زينب عبد عون علي، هديل مؤمن حبيب ولقاء علي جازع ، بغداد، العراققسم علوم الحياة، كلية العلوم للبنات، جامعة بغداد 20/06/2022، تأريخ النشر: 13/06/2022، تأريخ القبول: 22/12/2021: تأريخ االستالم الخالصة من النباتات الدخيلة الى البيئة العراق؛ تمت زراعته في .Jatropha L جنس يعد الحدائق الغراض الزينة اذ ان ازهاره ذات لون احمر براق، وقد تكيف مع ظروف عرف عليه لتحديد نوعه الول البيئة ونجح في النمو واالزهار، وقد تم فحصه والت . .Jatropha integerrima Jacq. 1763 مرة في العراق، ووجد انه النوع والخصائص التشريحية للورقة لهذا النوع درست صفات الشكل الظاهري والسويق باعتبار تغايراتها االكثر اهمية من الناحية التصنيفية، وقد وجدت ان ا الخارجي كثيف البروزات الحليمية ويبلغ قطرها حبات اللقاح كروية الشكل سطحه مايكرومتر. أظهر الفحص الكيميائي للنبات وجود قلويدات وتربينات 203حوالي الى وجود قلويدات TLC وتانينات وصابونين، وقد كشف التحليل النوعي باستعمال ، ظهرت بقعتين UV وفالفونويد تم الكشف باستعمال كاشف خاص وضوء Rf وبقعة صفراء فالفونويد قيمة 0.63و Rf 0.71 اللون من قلويد قيمة برتقالية 0.43.