Bull 203 BULLETIN OF THE IRAQ NATURAL HISTORY MUSEUM Al-Darwesh et al. Bull. Iraq nat. Hist. Mus. (2022) 17 (2): 203-218. https://doi.org/10.26842/binhm.7.2022.17.2.0203 ORIGINAL ARTICLE FIRST RECORD OF TWO DIPLECTANID MONOGENOIDS FROM THREE SPARID FISHES IN IRAQI MARINE WATERS Ali A. R. Al-Darwesh* , **, Atheer H. Ali*♦ and Hussein A. Saud* *Department of Fisheries and Marine Resources, College of Agriculture, University of Basrah, Iraq ** Department of Pathology and Poultry Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Kufa, Iraq ♦Corresponding author: atheeralibu@gmail.com Received Date: 02.July. 2022, Accepted Date: 07 October 2022, Published Date: 20 December 2022 This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License ABSTRACT Parasitological examination of gills of three species of sparid fishes in the territorial waters of Iraq was performed, two diplectanid monogenoids were isolated and described; Lamellodiscus indicus Tripathi, 1959 from both Haffara seabream Rhabdosargus haffara (Forsskål, 1775) and Goldline seabream R. sarba (Forsskål, 1775) and Protolamellodiscus senilobatus Kritsky, Jiménez-Ruiz and Sey, 2000 from King soldierbream Argyrops spinifer (Forsskål, 1775). The record of the parasites is considered new to the parasite fauna of Iraq. The redescription of L. indicus for the first time which is collected from a new distribution area (Arabian Gulf). R. haffara is considered a new host record. Keywords: Arabian Gulf, Fish, Iraq, Marine, Monogenoidea, Parasite. INTRODUCTION Member of Sparidae have 39 valid genera and 164 valid species in the world, 15 species of the genus Argyrops Swainson and six species of genus Rhabdosargus (Forsskål, 1775) (Fricke et al., 2022). It spreads from the tropical and temperate Atlantic, Indian and Pacific Oceans; chiefly marine; very rare in fresh- and brackish water; usually most common along the shore from shallow water (including estuaries) to deeper water as demersal inhabitants of the continental shelf and slope, most are carnivorous, feeding on benthic invertebrates feed on invertebrates, primarily mollusks and crustaceans; it is commercial food and game fish (Froese and Pauly, 2022). King soldierbream Argyrops spinifer (Forsskål, 1775) distributes in the Indian Ocean: including the Red Sea and Arabian Gulf, to Singapore and the southernmost end of the Malay Peninsula; Goldline seabream Rhabdosargus sarba (Forsskål, 1775) occurs in the Indo-West Pacific: the Red Sea and East Africa to Japan, China, and Australia; Haffara seabream Rhabdosargus haffara (Forsskål) distributes in the Western Indian Ocean: Red Sea and especially common in the north (Froese and Pauly, 2022). BULLETIN OF THE IRAQ NATURAL HISTORY MUSEUM Iraq Natural History Research Center & Museum, University of Baghdad https://jnhm.uobaghdad.edu.iq/index.php/BINHM/Home Copyright © Bulletin of the Iraq Natural History Museum Online ISSN: 2311-9799-Print ISSN: 1017-8678 https://doi.org/10.26842/binhm.7.2022.17.2.0203 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0658-564X https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2541-968X https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0002-6318 mailto:atheeralibu@gmail.com https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ https://jnhm.uobaghdad.edu.iq/index.php/BINHM/Home 204 BULLETIN OF THE IRAQ NATURAL HISTORY MUSEUM First record of two diplectanid monogenoids Few studies were carried out on the monogenoids of fishes in the Arabian Gulf; Hussey (1986) which isolated three species; Tareenia acanthopagri Hussey, 1986 [=Benedenia acanthopagri (Hussey, 1986)] and Megalocotyloides epinepheli (=Allobenedenia epinepheli (Bychowsky and Nagibina, 1967) (both Capsalidae), and Polylabris angifer Hussey 1986 (Microcotylidae) have reported from marine perciform fishes kept in culture tanks at Al-Raas, Kuwait; El-Naffar et al. (1992) pointed to record six genera belong to five families of monogenoidea from UAE coasts. Kritsky et al. (2000) recorded 17 species of Diplectanids from the gills of 17 species of marine fishes of Kuwait. Kardousha (2002) described three species of Capsala from the mackerel tuna Euthynnus affinis. Kardousha et al. (2002) detected two species of Encotyllabe from fishes in Qatar. Kritsky (2012) made a revision on Euryhaliotrema from Lutjanid fishes, and described Euryhaliotrema seyi Kritsky, 2012 from Lutjanus russellii in Arabian Gulf. Hassan et al. (2015) isolated Benedenia acanthopagri Hussey, 1986, from three fish hosts in Eastern Saudi Arabia. A total of 253 parasite species have been known from 86 fish species from marine waters in Iraq, including 41 monogenoids species (Ancylodiscoididae 1, Ancyrocephalidae 9, Dactylogyridae 2, Diplectanipdae 5, Capsalidae 2, Gyrodactylidea 3, Axinidae 4, Chauhaneidae 1, Diplozoidae 2, Allodiscocotylidae 2, Heteraxinidae 1, Mazocraeidae 4, and Microcotylidae 5); Diplectanipdae has five taxa (three unidentified species from Sparidae), including Diplectanum sp. 1 and sp. 2, Lamellodiscus iraqensis Jassim & Al-Salim, 2020 and Lamellodiscus sp. 1 and sp. 2 (Mhaisen et al., 2018; Jassim and Al-Salim, 2020). Due to the little attention in studies regarding the monogenoids parasites of marine fishes in Iraqi waters, the study aimed to diagnose some parasites that infect three species of commercially sparid fish. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 187 fish specimens of Sparidae, including 118 Argyrops spinifer, 31 Rhabdosargus haffara and 38 R. sarba were collected by local fishermen using trawl and drift gill nets from Iraqi marine waters (29°53ʼ-29°85ʼN, 48°13 -48°40ʼE) during the period from January 2020 to December 2020 for parasitological examination. After which, the gill baskets were immediately removed and placed in vials containing a hot 60°C 5% formalin solution for relaxation and fixation of attached helminths. The vials were labelled and then shaken vigorously for 15-30 seconds. Sclerotised structures of several helminths were studied by mounting some specimens on microscope slides unstained in Gray and Weiss medium; other samples were stained with Gomori's trichrome or Mayer-Schuberg's Aceto carmine and mounted in Canada balsam on a slide to examine the delicate anatomical details (Kritsky et al., 1978; Humason, 1979; Palm, 2004). The illustrations were made using a camera Lucida mounted on a Leica compound microscope. All measurements are in micrometres, with a mean between parentheses. The host taxonomy was followed by Carpenter et al. (1997) and verified by Van der Laan et al. (2022). 205 BULLETIN OF THE IRAQ NATURAL HISTORY MUSEUM Al-Darwesh et al. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Lamellodiscus indicus Tripathi, 1959 (Fig. 1) Description Body slightly tapered anteriorly from the level of the testis; tegument smooth. The extended haptor is at least twice the width of the body. Cephalic margin broad; terminal; two weakly developed bilateral cephalic lobes; three poorly defined bilateral pairs of head organs. Eye spots four, those in the posterior pair are somewhat bigger than those in the anterior pair; members of the respective pairs are equally spaced apart. Mouth indistinct, subterminal on body midline anterior to pharynx; pharynx subspherical; oesophagus moderately long; intestinal caeca blind, terminating immediately anterior to lamellodiscs. Ventral and dorsal lamellodiscs are similar, with ten lamellar rings lying diagonally within lamellodisc, the first ring complete ring; the remaining rings incomplete. Haptor was bilaterally lobed. Ventral anchor (Fig. 1B) with elongate subequal roots, curved shaft, and short recurved point. Dorsal anchor (Fig. 1C) with elongate deep root, knoblike superficial root, evenly curved shaft, short recurved point. Ventral bar (Fig. 1D) dorsoventrally flattened, with a variable medial indentation on posterior margin, long tapered ends, ventral groove. They have paired dorsal bars with a bifurcated medial end and are slightly curved-like near mid-length and dactylic appendages at external roots (Fig. 1E). Hooks similar; with protruding terminally depressed sickle, delicate toe and handle (Fig. 1I). The male copulatory organ (MCO) is situated posterior to caecal bifurcation and consists of three parts (Fig. 1F-H). Copulatory tube, proximal and distal parts of the accessory piece. The length of the copulatory tube is about 0.7 from the accessory piece length. The copulatory tube was slightly curved and articulated with both proximal and distal parts of the accessory piece (AP). AP is formed by two branches thick and joined by an articular base strongly curved inwards. Axial branch spatula form, almost perpendicular to the lateral. The lateral branch is finished at the tip. Prostatic reservoir lateral to MCO, opens posteriorly into the distal part of the copulatory tube. germarium pretesticular. Testis elongate oval, in the posterior half of the body, proximal vas deferens dorsoventrally looping around left intestinal cecum, distal vas deferens looping from left to right anterior. Seminal vesicle oval, prostatic reservoir fusiform beside left caecum at level of MCO. Seminal reservoir multilobes between the seminal vesicle and prostatic reservoir. Common genital pore ventral, slightly sinistral in a trunk at the level of the copulatory complex; genital atrium receiving distal ends of the uterus and male reproductive duct. Germarium pyriform, dorsoventrally looping around the right intestinal cecum. Oviduct short. Vitelline follicles at the intercaecal area between the pharynx and posterior ends of caeca. Taxonomic summary Type host: Rhabdosargus haffara and R. sarba. Date of collection: R. haffara during January-February, May and December 2020; R. sarba during August-December 2020. Infection site: Gill lamellae. Minimum prevalence: 97% (30 of 31 R. haffara infected); 95% (36 of 38 R. sarba infected). 206 BULLETIN OF THE IRAQ NATURAL HISTORY MUSEUM First record of two diplectanid monogenoids Voucher deposition: Iraq Natural History Research Center & Museum, INHM-TRC 21-25 from R. haffara; INHM-TRC 26-30 from R. sarba. Currently, Lamellodiscus has 61 valid species (WoRMS, 2022a), mostly (56 species) described from Sparidae, four from Lethrinidae and one from Pomacanthidae (Machkewskyi et al., 2014; Kritsky and Bakenhaster, 2019; Nitta, 2021). Oliver (1987) divided the Lamellodiscus species based on lamellodisc shape into two groups: ignortatus and elegans, while he divided the Lamellodiscus species based on male copulatory organ (MCO) into three types: Lyre type, Double or forked piece type and Polymorphic type. L. indicus shares the characters of group elegans and polymorphous types. Justine and Briand (2010) added a new morphological group (tubulicornis) based on the structure of the lamellodisc from lethrinid fishes. In Iraq, Lamellodiscus iraqensis Jassim and Al-Salim, 2020 has been described from Acanthopagrus arabicus from marine waters, however it considered invalid according to publication not compliant with Article 8.5 (2012) of the ICZN re e-publications (WoRMS, 2022b). The description of current specimens from both R. sarba and R. haffara conspecific with the original description of L. indicus from Sparus sarba (= Rabdosargus sarba) of eastern India (Tripathi, 1959). Some measurements in the original description not given, e.g. outer and inner lengths of ventral and dorsal anchors, width of both bars, ventral and dorsal anchors, lamellodisc length, width and inner ring diameter, haptor width, hook length, MCO and accessary piece length. As well as the measurements of soft tissues in the original description are not measured, e.g. testis, germarium, seminal vesicle, seminal receptacle and prostate reservoir, therefore the current study redescribed the species based on sufficient specimens from two species of Rhabdosargus (See Table 1(. Machkewskyi et al. (2014) offered a checklist with all Lamellodiscus species and splitted them according to species groups of haptoral structures and MCO shape. The recent study also classified Lamellodiscus spp. were described from Sparoidea in related to host specificity, L. indicus considered that it has one host species (R. sarba), and here it considered has double closely host species (R. sarba and R. haffara); R. haffara considered new host record in the world for L. indicus. Minor differences in the measurements and description of L. indicus between two hosts were noticed such as; in general the measurements of all soft and hard parts of the parasite, e.g. the parasite from R. haffara bigger than that in R. sarba; the constriction between the trunk and the haptor is more distinct in R. sarba than in R. haffara. These differences come from intraspecific variations from different fish hosts (Rascalou and Justine, 2007; Al-Helli et al., 2019). On the other hand the measurements of Iraqi specimens of both hosts are found to be larger than that of the Indian specimens (see Table 1). 207 BULLETIN OF THE IRAQ NATURAL HISTORY MUSEUM Al-Darwesh et al. Table (1): Measurements of Lamellodiscus indicus from two hosts of Sparidae off Iraq and compared with Indian materials from R. sarba. (Abbr. L: length, W: width). Character R. sarba Mean (Min-Max ± SD; N) R. haffara Mean (Min-Max ± SD; N) Indian specimens N= not given (Tripathi, 1959) Body L. 454 (364-541±66; n=16) 495 (430- 541±32; n=14) 391-433 Body W. 72 (60-97±11; n=16) 80 (68-95±7; n=14) 43-60 Pharynx W. 31 (25-40±5; n=8) 30 (24-38±5; n=12) 15-19 Haptor W. 146 (130-183±21; n=9) 153 (127- 192±21; n=14) - Figure (1): Lamellodiscus indicus from Rhabdosargus haffara; (A) Whole-body, (B) Ventral anchor, (C) Dorsal anchor, (D) Ventral bar, (E) Dorsal bar, (F) Accessory piece, (G) Copulatory tube, (H) MCO, (I) Hook. 208 BULLETIN OF THE IRAQ NATURAL HISTORY MUSEUM First record of two diplectanid monogenoids Lamellodisc L. 78 (59-103±13; n=15) 87 (60-108±12; n=12) - Lamellodisc W. 58 (49-68±6; n=15) 64 (54-68±5; n=12) - Lamellodisc inner ring diameter 27 (24-30±3; n=15) 29 (27-30±1; n=12) - Ventral anchor inner L 46 (41-51±3; n=10) 47 (44-51±2; n=12) 41-57 Ventral anchor outer L 58 (51-65±4; n=12) 61 (57-65±3; n=13) - Dorsal anchor inner L. 38 (35-43±3; n=8) 39 (35-41±2; n=11) - Dorsal anchor outer L. 52 (49-56±2; n=9) 54 (51-57±2; n=12) - Ventral bar L. 64 (49-86±11; n=13) 77 (65-81±5; n=9) 41 Ventral bar W. 14 (11-21±3;n=7) 14 (14-16±1; n=9) - Dorsal bar L. 72 (54-84±9; n=23) 78 (65-84±6; n=20) 49-57 Dorsal bar W. 10 (8-12±2; n=6) 15 (14-19±2; n=12) - Hook L. 8 (8-11±1; n=7) 8 (7-10±1; n=14) - MCO 15 (13-15±1; n=12) 14 (13-15±1; n=12) - A. P. 27 (19-33±4; n=12) 26 (24-28±1; n=13) - Testis L. 86 (62-113±15; n=10) 112 (95-135±13; n=12) - Testis W. 41 (27-57±12; n=9) 41 (33-54±6; n=13) - Germarium W. 29 (24-48±7;n=11) 37 (35-43±3; n=11) - 209 BULLETIN OF THE IRAQ NATURAL HISTORY MUSEUM Al-Darwesh et al. Protolamellodiscus senilobatus Kritsky, Jiménez-Ruiz & Sey, 2000 (Figs. 2) Description Body 765 (552-936±87; n = 24) long, slender, fusiform; greatest width 145 (111-203±24; n = 20) at level of the testis. The body tapering into the cephalic end; two terminal, two bilateral cephalic lobes poorly developed; three bilateral pairs of head organs with anterior and posterior pairs associated with respective cephalic lobes. Eye spots four; members of the posterior pair are slightly larger, closer together than the anterior one. Mouth subterminal, pharynx 56 (41-66±6, n = 20) wide, ovate oesophagus short to nonexistent; intestinal caeca blind. Peduncle narrow, elongate. Haptor 143 (108- 170±18; n = 18) wide, with three bilateral pairs of lobes; Posterior lobes about twice the length of anterior lobes; lamellodiscs similar, each 36 (24-46±5; n = 25) long, 32 (24-42±5; n = 26) wide, with one complete, eight incomplete lamellae lacking medial indentation; lamellae appear to telescope in dorsoventral view. Ventral anchor 31 (18-36±5; n = 17) inner long and 39 (30-48±5; n=17) outer long, with unequal bifurcate roots, evenly curved shaft, point acutely recurved (Fig. 2B). Dorsal anchor 18 (14-26±4; n = 10) inner long and 39 (30-48±5; n=10) outer long, with elongated deep root, short thickened superficial root, and straight shaft (Fig. 2C). Ventral bar 48 (36- 64±8; n =21) long, 17 (10-24±4; n=21) width, plate-like, with short knob at both ends (Fig. 2D); dorsal bar 46 (34-66±7; n= 21) long, 12 (6-20±4; n=21) width with medial curve, finger projection at proximal end (Fig. 2E). Hooks similar; each 11 (10-12±0; n = 12) long, with protruding slightly depressed thumb, delicate point and shank (Fig. 2G). The copulatory complex comprises an articulated male copulatory organ, an accessory piece. Male copulatory organ 43 (30-59±7; n = 35) long, heavily curved sclerotised tube with a recurved spine at the subterminal end, distal loop ending broadly; the base of the male copulatory organ without sclerotised end (Fig. 2F). The accessory piece is piece 28 (22-32±3; n=14). Long, comprising a flattened proximal portion, bifurcating striated branch, and spatulate branch frequently folded upon itself distally. Testis 65 (41-81±14; n =13) long, 42 (30-58±10; n =13) wide, ovate or elongate oval; vas deferens looping left intestinal caecum; seminal vesicle fusiform; prostatic reservoir saccate, lying anterior to copulatory complex. Germarium 36 (27-43±6; n=13) wide, slightly u shape, transversely, looping right intestinal caecum, pre testis; oviduct elongate; vagina short, nonsclerotized, with a proximal chamber containing apparent spermatophore, opening into the medial seminal receptacle; vitellaria dense throughout the trunk, from pharynx anteriorly to ending of caeca. Egg 51 (36-81±16; n=7) long, 27 (12- 48±11; n=7) width tetrahedral with short filament 21 (16-26±7; n=2) Taxonomic summary Host: King soldier bream, Argyrops spinifer. Date of collection: January-May 2020; August-December 2020. Infection site: Gill lamellae. Minimum prevalence: 50% Voucher deposition: Iraq Natural History Research Center and Museum, INHM-TRC 31-35 Yamaguti (1953) described Lammellodiscus convolutus from Synagris taeniopterus (=Nemipterus hexodon) at Celebes. Euzet and Oliver (1965) isolated L. serranelii from 210 BULLETIN OF THE IRAQ NATURAL HISTORY MUSEUM First record of two diplectanid monogenoids Serrranus cabilla and S. scriba of France. Oliver (1969) created new genus (Protolamellodiscus) and new subfamily Lamellodisconinae and emended of Lamellodiscus serraneli Euzet and Oliver, 1965 to be P. serraneli (Euzet and Oliver, 1965) Oliver, 1969. Young (1969) created and defined Calydiscoides and removed four species from Lamellodiscus and moved them to Calydiscoides, including L. sernanelii as C. serraneli (Euzet and Oliver, 1965) Young, 1969. Oliver (1987) moved L. convolutus Yamaguti, 1953 to Protolamellodiscus as P. convolutes (Yamaguti, 1953) Oliver, 1987. Oliver and Radujkuvic (1987) added P. raibauti from Yugoslavia and France. Kritsky et al. (2000) described P. senilobatus from A. spinifer and A. filamentosus at Kuwait. Justine (2007) examined museum specimens of P. convolutes (Yamaguti, 1953) Oliver, 1987 and he found the lamellodisc structure with seven concentric and telescopic lamellae and that the eggs are elongated with a short filament; therefore, he made a new combination as Calydiscoides convolutes (Yamaguti, 1953) Justine, 2007. The current specimens are conspecific with P. senilobatus instead of P. raibauti (both species are known from Sparidae) due to their possessing of three pairs of haptoral lobes (no lobes in P. raibauti) and the subrectangular ventral bar (rod shape) and proximal spine on each of dorsal bar tip (no spine). P. senilobatus differs from P. serranelli by the shape and structure of MCO. The description of the current specimens agrees with that of Kuwaiti specimens (Kritsky et al., 2000); however, all the measurements Iraqi specimens exhibited relatively smaller than Kuwaiti specimens (A. spinifer) except that of ventral and dorsal anchors; these minor variations in the description of both studies may be related to intraspecific differences in the time of collection and other ecological factors. In other hand although the wide range of the measurements of hard parts of this parasite between two hosts in the original description (Tab. 2), the current measurement from A. spinifer close to that from A. filamentosus instead of the type host (A. spinifer), this finding give the probability the misidentification in the host of at least in A. filamentosus, with Argyrops flavops Iwatsuki and Heemstra, 2018 (Iwatsuki and Heemstra, 2018) especially this host not distribute in the Arabian Gulf (Froese and Pauly, 2022). Depending on the orientation and shape of telescoping lamellae in Calydiscoides and Protolamellodiscus, Kritisky et al. (2000) recommended to do further studies on these two closely genera, including phylogenetic analysis to resolve the validity or synonymy of Protolamellodiscus and Calydiscoides. Desdevises et al. (2001) designed the phylogeny tree for most genera and subfamilies of Diplectanidae, Domingues and Boeger (2008) established revision and phylogeny of all genera and subfamilies of the family and the two hyposes and got relatively similar results of recent work and concluded that although Calydiscoides and Protolamellodiscus close to each other they still have distinct characters to be valid genera. Finally, the differences between Calydiscoides and Protolamellodiscus are unclear (Justine and Brena, 2009); although Justine (2007) explained that egg shape could be a key character in distinguishing between the two genera, with Calydiscoides possessing elongate eggs and 211 BULLETIN OF THE IRAQ NATURAL HISTORY MUSEUM Al-Darwesh et al. Protolamellodiscus possessing tetrahedral eggs. In addition, the former is restricted to hosts of the families Lethrinidae and Nemipteridae and the latter is restricted to the Sparidae and Serranidae. Figure (2): Protolamellodiscus senilobatus from Argyrops spinifer; (A) Whole-body, (B) ventral anchor, (C) Dorsal anchor D. Ventral bar, (E.) Dorsal bar, (F) Male copulatory organ with different views, (G) Hook. 212 BULLETIN OF THE IRAQ NATURAL HISTORY MUSEUM First record of two diplectanid monogenoids Table (2): The comparative measurements of P. senilobatus between original description and current study. (Abbr. L: length, W: width). Character A. spinifer (Current study) Mean (Min-Max±; N) A. spinifer (Kritsky et al., 2000) Mean (Min- Max±; N) A. filamentosus (Kritsky et al., 2000) Mean (Min-Max±; N) Body L. 765 (552-936±87; n=24) 1065 (720-1318; n=8) 714 (673-755, n=2) Body W. 145 (111-203±24; n=20) 185 (120-240; n=9) 164 (148-179; n=2) Pharynx W. 56 (41-66± 6; n=20) 73 (61-89±; n=10) 60 (51-70; n=2) Haptor W. 143 (108-170± 18; n=18) 111 (104-117; n=8) 84 (79-89; n=2) Lamellodisc L. 36 (24-46±5; n=25) 44 (37-53±; n=10) 37 (35-39; n=2) Lamellodisc W. 32 (24-42± 5; n=26) 32 (29-38; n=10) 30 (29-31; n=2) Lamellodisc inner ring diameter 14 (11-18, 2; n=26) - - Ventral anchor inner L 31 (18-36± 5; n=17) - - Ventral anchor outer L 39 (30-48± 5; n=17) 45 (38-49; n=11) 42- 43 (n=1) Dorsal anchor inner L. 18 (14-26± 4; n=10) - - Dorsal anchor outer L. 39 (30-48± 5; n=10) 41 (37-44; n=17) 35-36 (n=1) 213 BULLETIN OF THE IRAQ NATURAL HISTORY MUSEUM Al-Darwesh et al. Ventral bar L. 48 (36-64± 8; n=21) 41 (34-47; n=17) 36 (34-38; n=2) Ventral bar W. 17 (10-24± 4; n=21) - - Dorsal bar L 46 (34-66± 7; n=21) 40 (35-46; n=23) 36 (34-38; n=3) Dorsal bar W. 12 (6-20± 4; n=21) - - Hook L. 11 (10-12± 0; n=12) 10 (9-11; n=28) 9-10 (n=3) MCO 43 (30-59± 7; n=35) 45 (38-53; n=22) 42-43 (n=1) A. P. 28 (22-32± 3; n=14) 28 (18-34; n=16) 32-33 (n=1) Testis L. 65 (41-81± 14; n=13) 107 (101-113; n=2) - Testis W. 42 (30-58± 10; n=13) 52 (48-55; n=2) - Germarium W. 36 (27-43± 6; n=13) 47 (44-56; n=5) - Egg 51 (36-81± 16; n=7) × 27 (12-48± 11; n=7) - - Egg filament 21 (16-26± 7; n=2) - - CONCLUSIONS The occurrence of L. indicus from both R. haffara and R. sarba are considered the new parasite fauna of Iraq, as well as L. haffara considered new host record. The record of P. senilobatus from A. spinifer is considered a new record in Iraq. 214 BULLETIN OF THE IRAQ NATURAL HISTORY MUSEUM First record of two diplectanid monogenoids ACKNOWLEDGMENTS The authors would like to thank the staff of Department of Fisheries and Marine Resources, College of Agriculture for space and support of current study. CONFLICT OF INTEREST STATMENT "The authors have no conflicts of interest to declare". LITERATURE CITED Al-Helli, A. M. S., Ali, A. H. and Resen, A. K. 2019. First record of Solostamenides paucitesticulatus Kritsky & Öktener, 2015 (Monogenoidea: Microcotylidae) from gills of abu mullet Planiliza abu (Heckel) from Euphrates river off Samawa City, southern Iraq. Bulletin of the Iraq Natural History Museum, 15(3): 237–245. [CrossRef] Carpenter, K. E., Krupp, F., Jones, D. A. and Zajonz, U. 1997. The living marine resources of Kuwait, Eastern Saudi Arabia, Bahrain, Qatar and the United Arab Emirates. FAO species identification field guide for fishery purposes, FAO, Rome: viii + 293pp. + XVII. pls. [Click here] Desdevises, Y., Morand, S. and Oliver, G. 2001. Linking specialisation to diversification in the Diplectanidae Bychowsky 1957 (Monogenea, Platyhelminthes). Parasitology Research, 87: 223-230. Domingues, M. V. and Boeger, W. A. 2008. Phylogeny and revision of Diplectanidae Monticelli, 1903 (Platyhelminthes: Monogenoidea). Zootaxa, 1698: 1-40. [CrossRef] El-Naffar, M. K. I., Gobashy, A., El-Etreby, S. G. and Kardousha, M. M. 1992. General survey of helminth parasite genera of Arabian Gulf fishes (coasts of United Arab Emirates). Arab Gulf Journal of Scientific Research, 10: 99-110. Euzet, L. and Oliver, G. 1965. Lamellodiscus serranelli n. sp. (Monogenea) parasite de Teleosteens du genre Serranus. Annales de Parasitologie (Paris), 40 (3): 261-264. [Click here] Fricke, R., Eschmeyer, W. N. and Van der Laan, R. (Eds.). 2022. Eschmeyer's catalog of fishes: genera, species, references, (Electronic version accessed 27/6/ 2022). [Click here] Froese, R. and Pauly, D. (Eds.). 2022. FishBase. World Wide Web electronic publication. Version (02/2022). [Click here] Hassan, M. A., Osman, H. A. M., Aswathan, M., Al-Shwared, W. A. and Fita, N. A. 2015. Infestation of Cage-cultured marine fish with Benedenia acanthopagri (Monogenea; Capsalidae) in Eastern Province of Saudi Arabia. Global Veterinaria, 14 (2): 219-227. [CrossRef] https://doi.org/10.26842/binhm.7.2019.15.3.0237 http://www.fao.org/3/v8729e/v8729e00.htm http://www.fao.org/3/v8729e/v8729e00.htm https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1698.1.1 https://www.parasite-journal.org/articles/parasite/abs/1965/03/parasite1965403p261/parasite1965403p261.html http://researcharchive.calacademy.org/research/ichthyology/catalog/fishcatmain.asp http://researcharchive.calacademy.org/research/ichthyology/catalog/fishcatmain.asp http://www.fishbase.org/ https://doi.org/10.5829/idosi.gv.2015.14.02.9329 215 BULLETIN OF THE IRAQ NATURAL HISTORY MUSEUM Al-Darwesh et al. Humason, G. L. 1979. Animal Tissue Techniques. 4th ed. W. H. Freeman and company, San Francisco, California, 661 pp. Hussey, C. G. 1986. Some monogenean parasites of marine perciform fishes of Kuwait. Journal of Natural History, 20 (2): 415-430. [CrossRef] Iwatsuki, Y. and Heemstra, P. C. 2018. Taxonomic review of the genus Argyrops (Perciformes; Sparidae) with three new species from the Indo-West Pacific. Zootaxa, 4438 (3): 401-442. [CrossRef] Jassim, A. -A. R. and Al-Salim, N. K. 2020. Lamellodiscus iraqensis sp. nov. (Monogenea: Diplectanidae) from gills of Acanthopagrus arabicus (Teleostei: Sparidae) from Iraqi Marine Waters. Biological and Applied Environmental Research, 4 (1): 1-6. [Click here] Justine, J. -L. 2007. Species of Calydiscoides Young, 1969 (Monogenea: Diplectanidae) from lethrinid fishes, with the redescription of all of the type-specimens and the description of C. euzeti n. sp. from Lethrinus rubrioperculatus and L. xanthochilus off New Caledonia. Systematic Parasitology, 67: 187-209. [CrossRef] Justine, J. -L. and Brena, P. F. 2009. Calydiscoides limae sp. nov. (Monogenea, Diplectanidae) from Pentapodus aureofasciatus (Perciformes, Nemipteridae) off New Caledonia. Acta Parasitologica, 54: 22-27. [CrossRef] Justine, J.-L. and Briand, M. J. 2010. Three new species, Lamellodiscus tubulicornis n. sp., L. magnicornis n. sp. and L. parvicornis n. sp. (Monogenea: Diplectanidae) from Gymnocranius spp. (Lethrinidae: Monotaxinae) off New Caledonia, with the proposal of the new morphologicalgroup ‘‘tubulicornis’’ within Lamellodiscus Johnston & Tiegs, 1922. Systematic Parasitology, 75: 159-179. [CrossRef] Kardousha, M. M. 2002. Monogenea of Arabian Gulf fishes. 1. Descriptions of three Capsala spp. (Capsalidae) including Capsala naffari n. sp. infecting mackerel tuna Euthynnus affinis from coasts of Emirates. Parasitology International, 51(4): 327-335. [CrossRef] Kardousha, M. M., Al-Ansi, M. A. and Al-Khayat, J. A. 2002. Monogenea of Arabian Gulf Fishes 3. Encotyllabe spari and E. kuwaitensis (Capsalidae) from Qatari waters. Rivista Di Parasitologia, 193: 227-235. Kritsky, D. C. 2012. Dactylogyrids (Monogenoidea: Polyonchoinea) parasitising the gills of snappers (Perciformes: Lutjanidae): revision of Euryhaliotrema with new and previously described species from the Red Sea, Persian Gulf, the eastern and Indo- west Pacific Ocean, and the Gulf of Mexico. Zoologia, 29: 227-276. [CrossRef] https://doi.org/10.1080/00222938600770311 https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4438.3.1 https://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=sourcedetails&id=365751 https://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=sourcedetails&id=365751 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11230-006-9087-x https://doi.org/10.2478/s11686-009-0009-3 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11230-009-9224-4 https://doi.org/10.1016/s1383-5769(02)00033-8 https://doi.org/10.1590/S1984-46702012000300006 216 BULLETIN OF THE IRAQ NATURAL HISTORY MUSEUM First record of two diplectanid monogenoids Kritsky, D. C., Leiby, P. D. and Kayton, R. J. 1978. A rapid stain technique for the haptoral bars of Gyrodactylus species (Monogenea). Journal of Parasitology, 64: 172-174. Kritsky, D. C. and Bakenhaster, M. D. 2019. Lamellodiscus spp. (Monogenoidea: Diplectanidae) infecting the gill lamellae of porgies (Perciformes: Sparidae) in the Gulf of Mexico off Florida, U.S.A., with descriptions of Lamellodiscus occiduus n. sp. and Lamellodiscus vesperus n. sp. from Calamus spp. Comparative Parasitology, 86 (2): 79-88. [CrossRef] Kritsky, D. C., Jiménez-Ruiz, F. A. and Sey, O. 2000. Diplectanids (Monogenoidea: Dactylogyridea) from the gills of marine fishes of the Persian Gulf off Kuwait. Comparative Parasitology, 67: 145-164. Kritsky, D. C., Leiby, P. D., and Kayton, R. J. 1978. A rapid stain technique for the haptoral bars of Gyrodactylus species (Monogenea). Journal of Parasitology, 64: 172-174. Machkewskyi, V. K., Dmitrieva, E. V., Gibson, D. I., and Al-Jufaili, S. 2014. Lamellodiscus aff. euzeti Diamanka, Boudaya, Toguebaye & Pariselle, 2011 (Monogenea: Diplectanidae) from the gills of Cheimerius nufar (Valenciennes) (Pisces: Sparidae) collected in the Arabian Sea, with comments on the distribution, specificity and historical biogeography of Lamellodiscus spp. Systematic Parasitology, 89 (3): 215- 236. [CrossRef] Mhaisen, F. T., Ali, A. H. and Khamees, N. R. 2018. Marine fish parasitology of Iraq: A review and checklists. Biological Applied Environmental Research, 2 (2): 231-297. Nitta, M. 2021. Lamellodiscus (Monogenea: Diplectanidae) species parasitic on Japanese Acanthopagrus Peters, with proposals of L. chin n. sp. infecting A. sivicolus Akazaki and L. egusai nom. nov. for L. japonicus Ogawa & Egusa, 1978, a junior homonym of L. japonicus Pillai & Pillai, 1974. Systematic Parasitology, 98 (2): 177-188. [CrossRef] Oliver, G. 1969. Recherches sur ies Dipiectanidae (Monogenea) parasites de Téléostéens du Golfe du Lion. II. Lamellodiscinae nov. sub-fam. Vie Milieu, 20 (l-A): 43-72. Oliver, G. 1987. Les Diplectanidae Bychowsky, 1957 (Monogenea, Monopisthocotylea, Dactylogyridea). Syste´matique. Biologie. Ontoge´nie. E´ cologie. Essai de phylogene`se. The`se d’E´ tat mention Sciences, Universite´ des Sciences et Techniques du Languedoc, Montpellier, France, 433pp. Oliver, G. and Radujkovic, B. 1987. Protolamellodiscus raibauti n. sp., une nouvelle espece de Diplectanidae Bychowsky, 1957 (Monogenea, Monopisthocotylea) parasite de Diplodus annularis (Linnaeus, 1758) (Sparidae). Annales de Parasitologie Humaine et Comparee, 62: 209-213. https://doi.org/10.1654/1525-2647-86.2.79 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11230-014-9522-3 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11230-014-9522-3 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11230-021-09970-8 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11230-021-09970-8 217 BULLETIN OF THE IRAQ NATURAL HISTORY MUSEUM Al-Darwesh et al. Palm, H. W. 2004. The Trypanorhyncha Diesing, 1863. PKSPL-IPB Press, Bogor, 710 pp. Rascalou, G. and Justine, J.-L. 2007. Three species of Calydiscoides (Monogenea: Diplectanidae) from five Lethrinus spp. (Lethrinidae: Perciformes) off New Caledonia, with a description of Calydiscoides terpsichore sp. n. Folia Parasitologica, 54 (3): 191-202. [CrossRef] Tripathi, Y. R. 1959. Studies on the parasites of Indian fishes. II. Monogenea, family: Dactylogyridae. Indian Journal of Helminthology, 7: 5-24. Van der Laan, R., Fricke, R. and Eschmeyer, W. N. (Eds.) 2022. Eschmeyer's catalog of fishes: classification. Electronic version accessed 27/6/ 2022. [Click here] WoRMS. 2022a. Lamellodiscus Johnston & Tiegs, 1922. Accessed on 01-07-2022. [Click here] WoRMS. 2022b. Lamellodiscus iraqensis Jassim & Al-Salim, 2020. Accessed on 01-07-2022. [Click here] Yamaguti, S. 1953. Parasitic worms mainly from Celebes. Part 2. Monogenetic trematodes of fishes. Acta Medica Okayama, 8: 203-256. Young, P. C. 1969. Some monogenoideans of the family Diplectanidae Bychowsky, 1957 from Australian teleost fishes. Journal of Helminthology, 43: 223-254. https://doi.org/10.14411/fp.2007.026 https://doi.org/10.14411/fp.2007.026 http://www.calacademy.org/scientists/catalog-of-fishes-classification/ https://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=119293 https://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=119293 https://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=1416251 218 BULLETIN OF THE IRAQ NATURAL HISTORY MUSEUM First record of two diplectanid monogenoids Bull. Iraq nat. Hist. Mus. (2022) 17 (2): 203-218. ثالثة ( في Diplectanidاول تسجيل لنوعين من الديدان احادية املنشأ )مجموعة اسماك الشانك في املياه البحرية العراقيةانواع من *يشعلي عدنان رديف الدرو ، أثير حسين علي* و حسين عبد سعود* ،** قسم االسماك والثروة البحرية، كلية الزراعة، جامعة البصرة، العراق* .قسم علم االمراض وامراض الدواجن، كلية الطب البيطري، جامعة الكوفة، العراق ** 20/12/2022، تأريخ النشر: 6/10/2022، تأريخ القبول: 2/7/2022تأريخ االستالم: الخالصة نتيجة الفحص الطفيلي لغالصم ثالثة انواع من اسماك الشانك في املياه البحرية Lamellodiscus indicusوصف نوعين من الديدان أحادية املنشأ عزل و ،العراقية Tripathi, 1959 من غالصم كل من سمك الشانك البحري الحفار ،Rhabdosargus haffara ومن سمك الشانك البحري ذهبي الخطوط R. sarba كما سجل النوع Protolamellodiscus senilobatus Kritsky, Jiménez-Ruiz and Sey, 2000 من غالصم . Argyrops spinifer (Forsskål, 1775)سمك العندك اعادة ؛يعد تسجيل كال الطفيلين اضافة جديدة الى طفيليات االسماك في العراق تعد تعد االولى ومن منطقة انتشار جديدة )الخليج العربي(. L. indicusوصف النوع ألخير في العالم.الشانك البحري حفار مضيف جديد للطفيلي اسمكة