Bull 301 BULLETIN OF THE IRAQ NATURAL HISTORY MUSEUM Augul et al. Bull. Iraq nat. Hist. Mus. (2022) 17 (2): 301-322. https://doi.org/10.26842/binhm.7.2022.17.2.0301 ORIGINAL ARTICLE SURVEY AND UPDATING CHECKLIST OF DIPTERAN SPECIES WITH FORENSIC IMPORTANCE Razzaq Shalan Augul*♦, Hanaa H. Al-Saffar* and Haider Naeem Al-Ashbal** *Iraq Natural History Research Center and Museum, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq **Department of Biology, College of Education for Pure Sciences, University of Kerbala, Kerbala, Iraq ♦Corresponding author: dr.rsha@nhm.uobaghdad.edu.iq Recived Date: 17 Sept. 2022, Accepted Date 07 December 2022, Published Date:20 December 2022 This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License ABSTRACT In the present investigation, 24 adult dipteran species with forensic importance belonging to 13 genera and 8 families that were collected from different localities of Iraq. The specimens were identified by different taxonomical keys; in addition the date and localities of collecting specimens were recorded. Keywords: Checklist, Diptera, Forensic, Iraq, Survey. INTRODUCTION Forensic entomology is a specific field in the criminalistics which is depended on the knowledge of the invertebrate fauna succession on corpses; the prime objective of this field is to define the interval of death for a human in criminal issues; the application of this field as the most accurate after 72 hours of decomposition (Daněk, 1990). The adults attracted to carcasses and lay their eggs, or larval stage on that animal’s natural body openings and their injuries; the larvae fed on the body tissues till it is ready for pupation; this stage takes through three feeding instars, after they finish this stage; they move and seek to adequate place for pupating, they take 15–20 ft away from the carrion before pupated (Price, 1997). Dipteran species insects are the major forensically important; because it is typically the first forms to colonize animal remains, the most commonly used in the forensic cases is the dipteran life cycle (Smith, 1986; Frost et al., 2010); especially in the estimate of the post- mortem interval of cadavers or carcasses (PMI) (Watson and Carlton, 2003). On the other hand, the flies belong to the families of Calliphoridae, Muscidae and Sarcophagidae are the most crucial carrion, insects and commonly feed on human and animal remains, therefore they are considered forensically important. These families are predominant in early stages of the decomposition animals after death (Al-Qahtnia et al., 2019). Many insect succession or surveyed investigations about insects that are attracted to corpses or carrions have been conducted in different areas of Iraq. These studies recorded BULLETIN OF THE IRAQ NATURAL HISTORY MUSEUM Iraq Natural History Research Center & Museum, University of Baghdad https://jnhm.uobaghdad.edu.iq/index.php/BINHM/Home Copyright © Bulletin of the Iraq Natural History Museum Online ISSN: 2311-9799-Print ISSN: 1017-8678 https://doi.org/10.26842/binhm.7.2022.17.2.0301 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9590-8307 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6857-3249 https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7719-9597 mailto:dr.rsha@nhm.uobaghdad.edu.iq https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ https://jnhm.uobaghdad.edu.iq/index.php/BINHM/Home 302 BULLETIN OF THE IRAQ NATURAL HISTORY MUSEUM Survey and updating checklist of dipteran many species under the families Calliphoridae, Sarcophagidae, and Muscidae on animal carcasses. The first attempts to survey the dipteran species (larval and adult stages) were made by Abdul-Rassoul et al. (2009 a, b); they conducted the experiments on the carcasses of rabbits and fish in Baghdad City; the most abundant are Calliphora vicina Robineau- Desvoidy, 1830, Chrysomya albiceps (Wiedemann, 1819), Chrysomy megacephala (Fabricius, 1794) (Fam.: Calliphoridae); Sarcophaga sp. (Fam.: Sarcophagidae) and Lucilia sericata (Meigen, 1826) (Fam.: Calliphoridae), respectively in larval stage. While, this study was appeared four families in the adult stage, included Calliphoridae, Muscidae, Sarcophagidae and Fanniidae; where the species of Musca domestica Linnaeus, 1758 was the most abundant followed by Ch. megacephala; whereas the members of Pollenia sp. and Fannia sp. were the least abundant species. On the other hand Alboshabaa and Al Musawy (2016) reported C. vicina, Ch. megacephala, Ch. albiceps, L.sericata, Sarcophaga africa (Wiedemann, 1824) in An-Najaf Province on rabbit carcasses. In addition, Albushabaa (2017) stated the members of Diptera weremore abundant than other faunal insects on rabbit carcasses that placed indoor and outdoor habitats in Al-Kufa City; also, in this investigation, it found that Ch. albiceps was the first species attracting to the corpse during the fresh stage, followed by Musca domestica (Fam.: Muscidae). In the current investigation, an attempt was made to survey and revision of the dipteran species; also provide an updated list of the forensically important species in Iraq. MATERIALS AND METHODS Specimens' collection The adult specimens were collected from the various exposed carcasses in different stages of decomposition, including: dogs, cats, cows, sheep and donkeys that died for various reasons from different localities during 2021 at irregular intervals using an aerial net. Specimens were pinned and stored in a special box to identify them later. Specimens' identification The families, genera and species were diagnosed and identified with the aid of different taxonomical keys such as: Zumpt (1965); Sugiyama (1989); Blackith et al. (1997) Rozkošný et al.(1997); Mawlood (2001); Drake (2006); Whitworth (2010); Meiklejohn (2012); Meiklejohn et al. (2013); Irish et al. (2014); Rochefort et al.(2015); Alam and Ahmed (2016) and Jones et al., (2019). The specimens were also compared with the diagnosed and preserved specimensin the Iraq Natural Research Center & Museum (INHM), University of Baghdad to confirm their diagnosis. The synonyms are given according to GBIF Secretariat (2021). RESULTS AND DISCUSSION In this study, there are 24 species collected from different carcasses from different regions of Iraq, these species were reviewed with the design of a diagnostic key to separate their imago stage as follows. (A) Family, Calliphoridae 1. Genus, Calliphora Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830 303 BULLETIN OF THE IRAQ NATURAL HISTORY MUSEUM Augul et al. Synonyms: Abonesia Villeneuve, 1927 Acronesia Hall, 1948 Acrophaga Brauer & Bergenstamm, 1891 Steringomyia Pokorny, 1889 Stobbeola Enderlein, 1933 Calliphora vicina Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830 Common name: Blue blowfly Synonyms: Calliphora (Calliphora) erythrocephala (Meigen, 1826) C. insidiosa Robineau-Desvoidy, 1863 C. monspeliaca Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830 C. musca Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830 C. nana Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830 C. rufifacies Macquart, 1851 C. spitzbergensis Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830 Musca aucta Walker, 1853 M. erythrocephala Meigen, 1826 M. thuscia Walker, 1849 Material examined (39 specimens): Diyala Province, Al Khalis, 13, 10.x.2021; Baghdad Province, Bab Al Muadham, 8, 2.xi.2021. Wasit Province, Al- Zubaydiyah, 7, 22.xi.2021. Kerbala Province, Kerbala City, 11 specimens, 29.xi.2021. Distribution: Iraq (Khalaf, 1957); cosmopolitan species (Zumpt, 1965). It is native to the Holarctic; and invasive across the world (Battán-Horenstein et al., 2016). Calliphora vomitoria De Geer, 1776 Common names: Blue bottle fly, Orange-bearded blue bottle, Bottlebee Synonyms: Calliphora affinis Macquart, 1835 C. fulvibarbis Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830 Musca carnivora Fabricius, 1794 Distribution: Iraq (Khalaf, 1957); Europe, south of Mexico, United States and southern Africa (de Jong et al., 2014). 2. Genus, Chrysomya Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830 Synonyms: Achoetandrus Bezzi, 1927 Pycnosoma Brauer & Bergenstamm, 1894 Pycnosomops Townsend, 1934 Chrysomya albiceps (Wiedemann, 1819) Common name: Hairy maggot blowfly Synonyms: Compsomyia flaviceps Séguy, 1927 C. mascarenhasi Séguy, 1927 L. arcuata Macquart, 1851 L. testaceifacies Macquart, 1851 Musca albiceps Wiedemann, 1819 304 BULLETIN OF THE IRAQ NATURAL HISTORY MUSEUM Survey and updating checklist of dipteran M. bibula Wiedemann, 1830 M. elara Walker, 1849 M. emoda Walker, 1849 M. felix Walker, 1853 M. himella Walker, 1849 Paracompsomyia verticalis Adams, 1905 Somomyia annulata Brauer, 1899 S. arussica Corti, 1895 S. nubiana Bigot, 1877 Material examined (49 specimens): Babylon Province, 6, 5.xi.2021. Wasit Province, Badra, 15, 13.iii.2022. Baghdad Province, Bab Al-Mouadham; 3, 7.iv.2021; 9, 11.iv.2022; Abu Ghraib, 16, 17.v.2021 Distribution: Iraq (Derwesh, 1965); this species originated from the old world tropics and widely distributed in: Africa, South America, many parts of Europe, Southwest Asia, East and Northwest India (Laurence, 1981). According to Akbarzadeh et al. (2015), this species distributes in Egypt, Israel, Iran, Kuwait, Lebanon, Libya, Oman, Pakistan, Saudi Arabia, Syria, Turkey and UAE; also possible appearance in the Middle East. Chrysomya megacephala (Fabricius, 1794) Common names: Oriental blue fly, Oriental latrine fly Synonyms: Chrysomya duvaucelii Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830 Ch. gratiosa Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830 Lucilia macquartii Rondani, 1875 Musca bata Walker, 1849 M. combrea Walker, 1849 M. dux Eschscholtz, 1822 M. megacephala Fabricius, 1794 M. remuria Walker, 1849 Pollenia basalis Smith, 1876 Somomya cyaneocincta Bigot, 1888 S. pfefferi Bigot, 1877 Somomyia cyaneocincta Bigot, 1888 S. dives Bigot, 1888 S. saffranea Bigot, 1877 Material examined (68 specimens): Wasit Province, Al- Zubaydiyah, 4, 25.iii.2021; Al- Aziziyah, 10, 19.vii.2022. Baghdad Province, Bab Al-Mouadham: 6, 2.iv.2021; 11, 11.iv.2021; 14, 23.iv.2014; Al-Mada'in: 17 specimens, 3.v.2021; Diyala Province, Al- Muqdadiya, 6, 20.vi.2021. Distribution: Worldwide distribution including: Australasian, Asia-Pacific, Latin America, and North America (Wells, 1991), and was introduced to Brazil from Old World (Guimarães et al., 1979). Chrysomya putoria (Wiedemann, 1830) Common name: Tropical African latrine blowfly 305 BULLETIN OF THE IRAQ NATURAL HISTORY MUSEUM Augul et al. Synonyms: Chrysomyia ethiopyga Lehrer, 2007 Musca putoria Wiedemann, 1830 Material examined (3 specimens): Wasit Province, Badra, 1, 13.iii.2021. Kerbala Province, Kerbala, 2, 13.v.2021. Distribution: Iraq (Mahmood and Kareem, 2019); Old World (Baumgartner and Greenberg, 1984); widely distributed across the central and southern regions of the African continent, also this species distributes in Zambia, Ethiopia, and Madagascar (Irish et al., 2014). 3. Genus, Lucilia Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830 Synonyms: Acrophagella Ringdahl, 1942 Bufolucilia Townsend, 1914 Caesariceps Rohdendorf, 1926 Chaetophaenicia Enderlein, 1936 Dasylucilia Rohdendorf, 1926 Francilia Shannon, 1924 Lucilla Gimmerthal, 1842 Phaenicia Robineau-Desvoidy, 1863 Phenicia Coquillett, 1910 Lucilia sericata (Meigen, 1826) Common names: Common green bottle fly, Sheep blow fly Synonyms: Chrysomya capensis Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830 Lucilia barberi Townsend, 1908 L. capensis Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830 L. flavipennis Macquart, 1843 L. frontalis Brauer & Bergenstamm, 1891 L. giraulti Townsend, 1908 L. lagyra Walker, 1849 L. latifrons Schiner, 1861 L. nobilis (Meigen, 1826) L. pruniosa Meigen, 1838 L. sayi Jaennicke, 1867 Musca lagyra Walker, 1849 M. nobilis Meigen, 1826 M. sericata Meigen, 1826 M. tegularia Wiedemann, 1830 Phaenicia concinna Robineau-Desvoidy, 1863 Ph. sericata (Meigen, 1826 Material examined (32 specimens): Baghdad: Bab Al-Mouadham 6, 25.iii.2021; 4, 27.iv.2021. Saladin Province, Balad, 8, 2.v.2021; Al Ishaqi, 8, 11.v.2022. Babylon Province, Al Musayab, 2, 11.vi.2021. Basra, 4, 17.viii.2021. Distribution: Iraq (Derwesh, 1965); this species distributes throughout the world, especially in the Holarctic region, also commonly distributed in Australia and several South and Central American countries (Rueda et al., 2010). 306 BULLETIN OF THE IRAQ NATURAL HISTORY MUSEUM Survey and updating checklist of dipteran (B) Family, Ephydridae Genus, Schema Becker, 1907 Synonym: Pelignus Cresson, 1926 Schema acrosticale (Becker, 1903) Synonym: Atissa acrosticale Becker, 1903 Material examined: (4 specimens), Kerbala, Al-Hussainyia district, 4.xi.2021 Distribution: Iraq; UAE, UK (GBIF Secretariat, 2021). (C) Family, Fanniidae Genus, Fannia Robineau- Desvoidy, 1830 Synonym: Steinomia Malloch, 1912 Fannia canicularis (Linnaeus, 1758) Common names: Lesser house fly, Little house fly Synonyms: Aminta rivularis Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830 Anthomyia canalicularis Cobbold, 1879 A. constantina Macquart, 1844 A. fulvomaculata Roser, 1840 Fannia lateralis (Linnaeus, 1758) F. socio (Harris, 1780) F. sociominor (Harris, 1780) Homalomyia fraxinea Hutton, 1901 H. fucivorax Kieffer, 1898 H. prunivora Walsh, 1870 Musca canicularis Linnaeus, 1761 M.cunicularis Curtis, 1849 M. lateralis Linnaeus, 1758 Material examined (3 specimens): Baghdad Province, Al-Shaab, 5.x.2021 Distribution: Iraq (Khalaf and Al-Omar, 1974); England (Land and Collett 1974); Germany (Zeil, 1986); California (Mandeville et al., 1988); Algeria (Perez-Eid and Mouffok, 1999); China (Wang et al., 2007); Poland (Grzywacz, 2019). (D) Family, Muscidae 1. Genus, Hydrotaea Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830 Synonyms: Alloeonota Schnabl, 1911 Hydrotaeoides Skidmore, 1985 Hydrothaea Rondani, 1856 Hydrotoea Macquart, 1843 Hydrotaea aenescens (Wiedemann, 1830) Common name: American black dump fly Synonyms: Anthomya aenescens Wiedemann, 1830 Anthomyia aenescens Wiedemann, 1830 307 BULLETIN OF THE IRAQ NATURAL HISTORY MUSEUM Augul et al. Crossopalpus aenescens (Wiedemann, 1830) Ophyra trochanterata Malloch, 1932 Material examined (1 specimen): Kerbala Province, Kerbala City, 13.v.2021. Distribution: America (Sabrosky, 1949); Argentina (Patitucci et al., 2010); Iraq (Al-Ashbal et al., 2020a); Egypt, Morocco, Lebanon, Tunisia, Britain and Ireland (Pont et al., 2007); Turkey (Vikhrev, 2008); Portugal (Prado et al., 2012). Hydrotaea albuquerquei Lopes, 1985 Common name: Black dump fly Synonyms: Hydrotaea oides Skidmore, 1985 Ophyra albuquerquei Lopes, 1985 Material examined (11 specimens): Babylon Province, Alexandria, 4, 29.x.2021.Kerbala Province, Kerbala City, 7, 20.iii.2021. Distribution: Iraq (Al-Ashbal et al., 2020a); Brasil (Costa et al., 2000); Neotropical Region (de Carvalho et al., 2005); South America (de Carvalho and Mello-Patiu, 2008). 2. Genus, Musca Linnaeus, 1758 Synonyms: Byomya Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830 Eumusca Townsend, 1911 Plaxemya Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830 Musca domestica Linnaeus, 1758 Common name: House fly Synonyms: Musca contigua Walker, 1853 M. cuthbertsoni Patton, 1936 M. determinata Walker, 1853 M. gymnosomea Rondani, 1862 M. multispina Awati, 1916 M. soror Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830 Material examined: (100 specimens), Baghdad Province, Bab Al-Muadham, 40, 3.iii.2021. Kerbala Province, Al-Husaynyia, 30, 5.iv.2021; Basra Province, Al-Khura, 20, 5.v.2021. Wasit Province, Al-Suwaira, 10, 2.v.2021. Distribution: Worldwide distribution (Hewitt, 2011), this species was listed in Iraq by Patton (1919). Musca sorbens Wiedemann, 1830 Common names: Bazaar fly, Eye-seeking fly Synonyms: Byomya alba Malloch, 1929 Musca dichotoma Bezzi, 1911 M. eutaeniata Bigot, 1888 M. exalbida Stein, 1913 M. humilis Wiedemann, 1830 M. mediana Wiedemann, 1830 308 BULLETIN OF THE IRAQ NATURAL HISTORY MUSEUM Survey and updating checklist of dipteran M. primitiva Walker, 1849 M. promisca Awati, 1916 M. spectanda Wiedemann, 1830 M. stuckenbergi Zielke, 1971 Material examined (5 specimens): Baghdad, Al Shaab, 15.iv.2021. Distribution: Iraq (Khalaf, 1957); Egypt (Hafez and Attia, 1958); Gambia (Emerson et al., 2000); Africa and Asia (Ramesh et al., 2016); Gambia and Ethiopia (Robinson et al., 2020). Australia, Bangladesh, Chad, China, Gambia, Ghana, Guam, India, Italy, Japan, Kenya, Korea, Madagascar, Malaysia, Mozambique, Saudi Arabia, Sierra Leone, Senegal, South Africa, Spain, Sudan, Tanzania, Thailand, Uganda, USA (GBIF Secretariat, 2021). 3. Genus, Muscina Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830 Muscina stabulans (Fallén, 1817) Common name: False stable fly Synonyms: Cyrtonevra australis Macquart, 1847 Musca prodeo Harris, 1780 M. tibialis Walker, 1836 Muscina grisea Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830 M. picaena Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830 M. prodeo (Harris, 1780) Mydaea vomiturionis Robineau-Desvoidy, 1849 Material examined (20 specimens): Baghdad Province, Al-Taji, 10, 5.iii.2021; Najaf Province, Najaf City, 5 specimens, 4.iv.2021; Kerbala Province, Kerbala City 5.v.2021. Distribution: Iraq (Khalaf, 1957); United States (Fatchurochim et al., 1989); Egypt (El- Shazly et al., 1996); Germany (Benecke and Lessig, 2001); Spain (Arnaldos et al., 2005); India (Shivekar et al., 2008); Argentina (Patitucci et al., 2010); Brazil (Duarte et al., 2013); Pakistan (Sarwar, 2015); United Kingdom (Gunn , 2016); China (Wang et al., 2019). (E) Family, Phoridae Genus, Megaselia Rondani, 1856 Synonyms: Aphiochaeta Brues, 1903 Megaselida Leonard, 1928 Megaselia scalaris Loew, 1866 Common name: Humpbacked fly, Coffin fly, Scuttle fly Synonyms: Aphiochaeta banski Brues, 1909 A. circumsetosa Meijere, 1911 A. ferruginea Brunetti, 1912 A. fissa Becker, 1908 A. repicta Schmitz, 1915 A. xanthina Speiser, 1908 Lioyella plusiivorax Enderlein, 1929 Megaselia forticapilla Beyer, 1959 309 BULLETIN OF THE IRAQ NATURAL HISTORY MUSEUM Augul et al. Phora scalaris Loew, 1866 Material examined (4 specimens): Kerbala Province, Kerbala City, 4, 5.vi.2021, Diyala Province, Al Khalis, 2, 10.x.2021. Distribution: Iraq (Al Ashbal, 2020); Argentina, Australia, Bolivia, Brazil, Cameron, Canada, China, Colombia, Costa Rica, France, Gabon, Japan, Ecuador, Finland, Germany, Honduras, India, Iran, Italy, Korea, Kuwait, Panama, Peru, Saudi Arabia, South Africa, Spain, Mexico, Netherlands, New Zealand, USA, Venezuela, Vietnam (GBIF Secretariat, 2021). (F) Family, Piophilidae Genus, Allopiophila Hendel, 1917 Allopiophila flavipes (Zetterstedt, 1847) Common name: Yellow-legged Cheese Fly Synonyms: Parapiophila flavipes (Zetterstedt, 1847) Piophila flavipes Zetterstedt, 1847 P. staegeri Duda, 1924 Material examined (4 specimens): Kerbala Province, Kerbala City. 19.iv.2021 Distribution: Iraq (Al-Ashbal, 2020); Australia, Belarus, Canada, Chinese Taipei, Denmark, Finland, Germany, Indonesia, Madagascar, Netherlands, Sweden, South Africa, UK, USA (GBIF Secretariat, 2021). (G) Family, Sarcophagidae Genus, Sarcophaga Meigen, 1826 Synonyms: Bulbostyla Giroux and Wheeler, 2010 Caledonicesa Koçak and Kemal, 2010 Devriesia Lehrer, 1995 Erichsonia Robineau-Desvoidy, 1863 Heteronychia Brauer and von Bergenstamm, 1889 Lehrera Koçak and Kemal, 2009 Listeria Robineau-Desvoidy, 1863 Pierretia Robineau-Desvoidy, 1863 Sarcophaga africa (Wiedemann, 1824) Common name: Common flesh fly Synonyms: Bellieria miniticauda Zumpt, 1953 Bercaea agilis Robineau-Desvoidy, 1863 B. agraria Robineau-Desvoidy, 1863 B. cruenta (Meigen, 1826) B. crventata Kano, Field & Shinonaga, 1967 B. haemathura Robineau-Desvoidy, 1863 B. haematura Verves, 1986 B. meditata Robineau-Desvoidy, 1863 B. oralis Robineau-Desvoidy, 1863 Mesothyrsia madagascariensis Enderlein, 1928 310 BULLETIN OF THE IRAQ NATURAL HISTORY MUSEUM Survey and updating checklist of dipteran Musca africa Wiedemann, 1824 Myophora albidula Robineau-Desvoidy, 1863 M. blondeli Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830 M. commendata Robineau-Desvoidy, 1863 M. nitida Robineau-Desvoidy, 1863 M. squalida Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830 M. villica Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830 Robineauella interrupta Enderlein, 1928 R. tiesleri Enderlein, 1928 Sarcophaga aequepalpis Tiensuu, 1938 S. aequipalpis Thomson, 1869 S. africana Villeneuve, 1929 S. consobrina Rondani, 1861 S. creuntata Coupland & Baker, 1994 S. crientata Schembri, Gatt & Schembri, 1991 S. cruenta Pandellé, 1896 S. crustata Hagen, 1881 S. dionysii Böttcher, 1913 S. distinguenda Rondani, 1873 S. fulvipalpis Robineau-Desvoidy, 1863 S. inclyta Robineau-Desvoidy, 1863 S. iners Robineau-Desvoidy, 1863 S. meigenii Robineau-Desvoidy, 1863 S. nurus Rondani, 1861 S. pabulorum Robineau-Desvoidy, 1863 S. sejungenda Rondani, 1873 S. tultschensis Böttcher, 1913 S. zetterstedtii Robineau-Desvoidy, 1863 Scaligeria fugax Robineau-Desvoidy, 1863 Sc. praeceps Robineau-Desvoidy, 1863 Stephopygia latigena Zumpt, 1953 Theria flavidula Bigot, 1880 Thyrsotetradiscus friederichsianus Enderlein, 1928 Material examined (19 specimens): Wasit Province, Zurbatiyah, 6, 13.iii.2021. Baghdad Province: Bab Al-Mouadham, 1, 22.iii.2021; Kadhumyia, 3, 13.iv.2021. Kerbala Province, Kerbala, 4, 2.iv.2021; 2, 19.iv.2022; 1, 13.v.2021. Al- Najaf Province, Najaf, 2, 27.vi.2021. Distribution: Cosmopolitan (Verves et al., 2018). In Iraq, this species recorded by Pape (1996). Sarcophaga albiceps Meigen, 1826 Synonyms: Parasarcophaga (Parasarcophaga) albiceps (Meigen, 1826) Parasarcophaga colchica Guzhabidze, 1966 Sarcophaga cyathisans Pandellé, 1896 S. cyathissans Villeneuve, 1907 311 BULLETIN OF THE IRAQ NATURAL HISTORY MUSEUM Augul et al. Sarcophaga hypopygium Park, 1977 Sarcophaga pauciseta Kramer, 1905 Sarcophaga privigna Rondani, 1861 Sarcophaga zethus Curran, 1936 Material examined (4 specimens): Kerbala Province, Kerbala City, Al Basateen, 1, 13.v.2021. Diyala Province, Muqdadiyah, 3, 22.vi. 2021. Distribution: cosmopolitan species (Delfinado and Hardy, 1975; Nandi, 2002; Meiklejohn et al., 2013). Iraq (Al-Hadidi, 2005); Georgia (Japoshvili et al., 2022). Sarcophaga altitudinis Rondani, 1989 Synonyms: Bellieria rohdendorfi Grunin, 1964 Sarcophaga altitudinis Sugiyama, 1989 Material examined (10 specimens): Kerbala Province, Kerbala City, 6, 16.iii.2021. Najaf Province, Najaf City, 4, 4.iv.2022. Distribution: Iraq (Al-Ashbal, 2020); Mongolia (Blackith et al., 1997). Sarcophaga carnaria (Linnaeus, 1758) Common name: Common flesh fly Synonyms: Musca carnaria Linnaeus, 1758 Sarcophaga camaria Villeneuve, 1905 S. cannaria Doleschall, 1858 S. carinaria Suzuki, 1915 S. carnaria f. vulg Rohdendorf S. carnaria f. vulgaris (Rohdendorf, 1937) S. dolosa Lehrer, 1967 S. mehriina Enderlein, 1928 S. schulzi Müller, 1922 S. schultzi Draber-Mońko, 1971 S. vulgaris Rohdendorf, 1937 Material examined (24 specimens): Baghdad Province, Bab Al- Muadham 3, 23.iii.2021; Jadriya, 9, 18.iv.2022; Babil Province, Musayyib, 11, 20.v.2021. Diyala Province, Muqdadiyah, 1, 22.vi. 2021. Distribution: Iraq (Khalaf, 1957); Palaearctic Region (Pape, 1996; Verves et al, 2018); Gorgia (Japoshvili et al., 2022). Sarcophaga haemorrhoa Meigen, 1826 Common name: Lesser Red- tailed Flesh fly Synonyms: Erichsonia ambulatrix Robineau-Desvoidy, 1863 E. anxia Robineau-Desvoidy, 1863 E. arborea Robineau-Desvoidy, 1863 E. ardeacea Robineau-Desvoidy, 1863 E. campestris Robineau-Desvoidy, 1863 E. chetalis Robineau-Desvoidy, 1863 E. claripennis Robineau-Desvoidy, 1863 312 BULLETIN OF THE IRAQ NATURAL HISTORY MUSEUM Survey and updating checklist of dipteran E. contigua Robineau-Desvoidy, 1863 E. flavinervis Robineau-Desvoidy, 1863 E. fuliginosa Robineau-Desvoidy, 1863 E. inconstans Robineau-Desvoidy, 1863 E. labialis Robineau-Desvoidy, 1863 E. musca Robineau-Desvoidy, 1863 E. oralis Robineau-Desvoidy, 1863 E. pilosa Robineau-Desvoidy, 1863 E. procax Robineau-Desvoidy, 1863 E. rustica Robineau-Desvoidy, 1863 E. umbripennis Robineau-Desvoidy, 1863 E. valida Robineau-Desvoidy, 1863 E. varinervis Robineau-Desvoidy, 1863 Heteronychia fugitiva Povolný, 2001 H. haemorrhoa (Meigen, 1826) H. incontans Verves, 1986 Lioplacella helicivora Verves, 1986 L. helicivorax Enderlein, 1933 Myophora aestivalis Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830 M. albicans Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830 M. contempta Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830 M. riparia Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830 Sarcophaga haemarrhoa Baranov, 1929 S. haemorrhoea Jacentkovsky, 1934 S. helicivoris Baranov, 1942 S. sanguinolenta Macquart, 1835 Material examined (4 specimens): Kerbala Province, Kerbala, Al Basateen 2, 13.v.2021. Distribution: Iraq (Al-Hadidi, 2005); Austria, Croatia, Czech Republic, France, Germany, Hungary, Italy, Serbia, Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, Ukraine (Whitmore, 2011). Sarcophaga ruficornis Fabricius, 1794 Common name: Red horned meat fly Material examined: (4specimens) from dog carcass, Kerbala, 26.iii.2021. Distribution: Iraq (Al-Ashbal, 2020); Nearctic: Canada, USA; Neotropical: Brazil, Panama; Palaearctic: Saudi Arabia; Afrotropical: Botswana, Madagascar, Socotra, South Africa, Zaire and Oriental Region: Bangladesh, Bhutan, China, India (Pape, 1996). Iran (Fakoorziba et al., 2017). Sarcophaga vagans Meigen, 1826 Synonyms: Heteronychia vagans (Meigen, 1826) Sarcophaga detrita Zetterstedt, 1845 S. frenata Pandellé, 1896 S. nepos Rondani, 1861 S. vulnerata Schiner, 1861 313 BULLETIN OF THE IRAQ NATURAL HISTORY MUSEUM Augul et al. Material examined: (12 specimens), Diyala Province, Muqdadiya, 16.iv. 2021 Distribution: Iraq (previously recorded as Sarcophaga frenata Pandelle, 1896, by Al-Hadidi, 2005); Palaearctic Region (van Emden, 1954; Bei-Bienko and Steyskal, 1988). (H) Family, Sepsidae Genus, Sepsis Fallén, 1810 Synonym: Threx Gistl, 1848 Sepsis lateralis Wiedemann, 1830 Common name: Black scavenger fly Synonyms: Meroplius melitensis Rondani, 1874 M. schembrii Rondani, 1874 Nemopoda algira Macquart, 1844 N. lateralis Macquart, 1844 N. senegalensis Bigot, 1886 Sepsis astuta Bezzi, 1908 S. astutis Adams, 1905 S. bombokaensis Vanschuytbroeck, 1963 S. complicata Wiedemann, 1830 S. curiosa Ozerov, 1996 S. definita Brunetti, 1929 S. fragilis Becker, 1903 S. hyalipennis Macquart, 1851 S. immaculata Macquart, 1844 S. inpunctata Macquart, 1839 S. kwanzaensis Vanschuytbroeck, 1963 S. lutea Duda, 1926 S. migeriensis Vanschuytbroeck, 1963 S. rufa Macquart, 1851 S. unicoloripes Brunetti, 1929 Material examined: (20 specimens were collected from decaying carcasses); Baghdad, 4♂♂, 5♀♀, 12.v.2021; Babylon, 7♂♂, 4♀♀, 29.iv.2021. Distribution: Iraq (Khalaf and Al-Omer, 1974); Japan (Iwasa, 1980); Afrotropical, Oriental and Australasian regions (Pont and Meier, 2002); Afrotropical: Angola, Cameroon, Ethiopia, Madagascar, Namibia, Swaziland, Zimbabwe; Asia: Afghanistan, Turkey, Syria; North Africa, Egypt, Tunisia, Libya; Oriental; India, Pakistan (Ozerov, 2005); Philippines (Letana, 2014). (I) Family, Sphaeroceridae Genus, Limosina Macquart, 1835 Synonyms: Scotophilella Duda, 1918 Trichogaster Lioy, 1864 Limosina heteroneura Haliday, 1835 Synonyms: Leptocera heteroneura (Haliday) 314 BULLETIN OF THE IRAQ NATURAL HISTORY MUSEUM Survey and updating checklist of dipteran Leptocera opaca Aldrich, 1932 Limosina jeanneli Bezzi, 1911 Pullimosina heteroneura Haliday, 1836 Material examined (7 specimens): Babylon Province, Alexandria, 3, 29.x.2021. Kerbala Province, Kerbala, Al Basateen, 4, 3.iv.2021. Distribution: In Iraq, the species is recorded by Al-Ashbal et al. (2020b) under the synonym species Pullimosina heteroneura Haliday, 1836. Also it distributes in: Australia, Argentina, Taiwan, Afghanistan, Algeria, Andorra, Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Canada, Canary Is., Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Ecuador, Egypt, Estonia, Finland, France, Greece, Hawaii, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Japan, Latvia, Lebanon, Lithuania, Macedonia, Malta, Mexico, Morocco, Netherlands, New Zealand, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Tajikistan, Tunisia, UAE and Uganda (Marshall et al., 2011). Belarus, China, Germany, Pakistan, Russia, South Africa, USA (GBIF Secretariat, 2021). CONCLUSION We conclude from the results of the current study, and based on what was mentioned in previous studies, the need to classify the essential or primary adult fly species whose life cycle that associated to the stages of decomposition of animal carcasses (first group), whereas the other species mentioned in this study are considered visitors to the carrion or carcasses and their life cycle is not related to their decomposition stages (second group), as they are attracted for the purpose of feeding only on natural openings and their secretions or fluids that produce in the later stages of decomposition of carcasses. The purpose of this is to clarify confusing the concept of forensic insects. The species recorded during the current investigations, in addition to previous studies in Iraq, the species that put within the first group include the species belonging to the families: Calliphoridae, Sarcophagidae and Muscidae (restricted on M. domestica) respectively. The adult fly species that collected in this study and not mentioned in the first group, they are classified within the second group (visitors of carcasses). Therefore, this study gave an update detailed description of the forensically species of the Dipteran group, to serve as a basis for future studies. CONFLICT OF INTEREST STATEMENT "The authors have no conflicts of interest to declare". LITERATURE CITED Abdul-Rassoul, M. S., Augul, R. S. and Al-Saffar, H. H. 2009 a. Seasonal abundance of third instar larvae of flies (Order: Diptera) on the exposed carcasses. Bulletin of the Iraq Natural History Museum, 10 (4):1-9. Abdul-Rassoul, M. S., Augul, R. S. and Al-Saffar, H. H. 2009 b. Seasonal abundance of adult fly species on the exposed carcasses in Baghdad City. Ibn Al Haitham Journal for Pure and Applied sciences, 22 (4):16-25. 315 BULLETIN OF THE IRAQ NATURAL HISTORY MUSEUM Augul et al. Akbarzadeh, K., Wallman, J. F., Sulakova, H. and Szpila, K. 2015. 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(2022) 17 (2): 301-322. مسح و تحديث قائمة حشرات ثنائية االجنحة ذات االهمية الجنائية **حيدر نعيم االشبالرزاق شعالن عكل*، هناء هاني الصفار* و *مركز بحوث و متحف التاريخ الطبيعي/جامعة بغداد، بغداد، العراق. **قسم علوم الحياة،كلية التربية للعلوم الصرفة/جامعة كربالء، كربالء، العراق. 20/12/2022، تأريخ النشر: 7/12/2022القبول: ، تأريخ 17/9/2022تأريخ االستالم: الخالصة نوعا من رتبة ثنائية االجنحة ذات االهمية الجنائية 24الى الى بيان اشار املسح جنسا و ثمانية عوائل . النماذج شخصت تبعا الى العديد من املفاتيح 13تعود الى التشخيصية ، وسجل مكان و تاريخ جمع العينات الحشرية.