Bull 459 BULLETIN OF THE IRAQ NATURAL HISTORY MUSEUM Solijonov et al. Bull. Iraq nat. Hist. Mus. (2023) 17 (3): 459-468. https://doi.org/10.26842/binhm.7.2023.17.3.0459 ORIGINAL ARTICLE NEW RECORD OF MALACOPHAGOUS LEECH OF THE GENUS ALBOGLOSSIPHONIA LUKIN, 1976 FROM FERGANA VALLEY, UZBEKISTAN Khayrulla Solijonov*♦, Zuvayd Izzatullaev** and Dilfuza Umarova*** *Andijan State University, Andijan City, Republic of Uzbekistan. **Samarkand State University, Samarkand City, Uzbekistan. ***Andijan Machine-building Institute, Andijan City, Republic of Uzbekistan. ♦Corresponding author: khsolijonov1991@gmail.com Recived Date: 25 November 2022, Accepted Date 18 March 2023, Published Date:20 June 2023 This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License ABSTRACT In the present study, the malacophagous leech Alboglossiphonia weberi (Blandchard, 1897) (Annelida, Hirudinida, Glossiphoniidae) was recorded for the first time in the freshwaters of the Fergana Valley in the eastern part of Uzbekistan during 2020-2022. This species of leech is a new species for the hirudofauna of Uzbekistan and Central Asia. The article describes its morphological and ecological characteristics and presents a distribution map and photographic pictures of the species. Keywords: Ecological characteristics, Fergana Valley, Glossiphoniidae, Leech, Uzbekistan. INTRODUCTION Leeches are invertebrates belonging to the class Clitellata, distributed mainly in freshwater and marine, some on terrestrial life (Sket and Trontelj, 2008). The order Hirudinida is usually divided according to their type of feeding: vertebrate bloodsuckers (hematophagy), invertebrate hemolymph suckers (liquidosomatophagy) and predators (macrophagy) (Lynggaard, 2022). Currently, more than 900 species of leeches have been identified in the world, and about 240 of them belong to the Glossiphoniidae family. There are 25 genera in the Glossiphoniidae family and one of the genera identified in recent years is Alboglossiphonia Lukin, 1976 (Magalhães et al., 2021; Bolotov et al., 2022; Solijonov and Umarov, 2022). The genus Alboglossiphonia Lukin, 1976 was originally separated from the genus Glossiphonia as a subgenus (Lukin, 1976). It is now recognized as an independent genus of Alboglossiphonia. Specific characteristics of this genus: first pair of eyes closer together than succeeding two pairs, eyes arranged in triangular pattern; no papillae; male and female ducts open into a common gonopore; little pigmentation; generally amber-colored (Govedich et al., 2019). Alboglossiphonia includes the species: A. heteroclita (Linnaeus, 1761) - Holarctic; A. hyalina (O.F. Müller, 1774), A. striata (Apáthy, 1888) and A. lata (Oka, 1910) - Palaearctic; BULLETIN OF THE IRAQ NATURAL HISTORY MUSEUM Iraq Natural History Research Center & Museum, University of Baghdad https://jnhm.uobaghdad.edu.iq/index.php/BINHM/Home Copyright © Bulletin of the Iraq Natural History Museum Online ISSN: 2311-9799-Print ISSN: 1017-8678 https://doi.org/10.26842/binhm.7.2023.17.3.0459 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7371-0244 mailto:khsolijonov1991@gmail.com https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ https://jnhm.uobaghdad.edu.iq/index.php/BINHM/Home 460 BULLETIN OF THE IRAQ NATURAL HISTORY MUSEUM New record of malacophagous leech A. pallida (Verrill, 1872) - Nearctic; A. australiensis (Goddard, 1908), A. inflexa (Goddard, 1908), A. intermedia (Goddard, 1909), A. tasmaniensis (Ingram, 1957), A. masoni (Mason, 1974) and A. multistriata (Mason, 1974) - Australasian; A. polypompholyx Oosthuizen et al., 1988, A. iberica Jueg, 2008 and A. levis Gouda, 2010 - Afrotropical; A. annandalei (Oka, 1922), A. pahariensis Nesemann et al., 2007, A. kashiensis Nesemann et al., 2007 and A. bhamoensis Bolotov et al., 2022 - Oriental (Blanchard, 1897; Goddard, 1908; Oka, 1910, 1922; Ingram, 1957; Mason, 1974; Lukin, 1976; Oosthuizen et al., 1988; Nesemann and Neubert, 1999; Nesemann et al., 2007; Jueg, 2008; Gouda, 2010; Bolotov et al., 2022; Moser et al., 2022). The data were analyzed and it was found that the first researches on the study of leeches in Uzbekistan began in the 19th century. In 1872, the naturalist-tourist scientist I. Skornyakov noted that he collected specimens of medicinal leech - Hirudo medicinalis Linnaeus, 1758 and Erpobdella octoculata (Linnaeus, 1758) from Balikchi District (Plotnikov, 1907). Later, in 1912, the Russian hirudologist G. Shchegolev identified a total of 9 species in Uzbekistan and neighboring regions. They include Theromyzon tessulatum (O.F. Müller, 1773), Helobdella stagnalis (L., 1758), Alboglossiphonia heteroclita (L., 1761), Glossiphonia complanata (L., 1758), Haemopis sanguisuga (L., 1758), H. medicinalis, Limnatis turkestanica Plotnikov, 1907, E. octoculata and Trachelobdella turkestanica (Shchegolev, 1912). There are many parasitologists Scriabin (1913), Dogel and Bykhovsky (1934), Pavlovsky (1934) and ichthyologists, Yankovskaya (1948) and Osmanov (1971) that observed parasitic leeches Piscicola geometra L., 1761, L. turkestanica and Hemiclepsis marginata (O.F. Müller, 1773) in fishes: Schizothorax intermedius McClelland, 1842 and Cyprinus carpio Linnaeus, 1758 in their studies. However, up to now the leeches of Uzbekistan have not been systematically studied and the data is insufficient. Therefore, this paper aimed to study the fauna and ecology of leeches of Uzbekistan and analyze their distribution. MATERALS AND METHODS The species Alboglossiphonia weberi is distributed in different regions of the world, including Indonesia (Blanchard, 1897), India (Kaburaki, 1921; Harding and Moore, 1927; Nesemann et al., 2007), Ethiopia (Lukin, 1976), Pakistan and Nepal (Chandra, 1983), Myanmar (Chandra, 1991), Egypt (El-Shimy and Davies, 1991), Thailand and Malaysia (Paul et al., 2021) (Map 1. A). For the first time, the authors collected more than 100 (young 40 % and adult 60 %) samples of previously unrecorded malacophagous leech from the regions of the Fergana Valley in 2020-2022 (Tab. 1, Map 1 B). A biological research microscope (model XPS-500E) was used to study the morphology of this species and it was determined that this species is A. weberi, belonged to Glossiphoniidae family (Blanchard, 1897; Lukin, 1976; Bolotov et al., 2022). Leech specimens were first preserved in 10% ethanol for 15–30 min and then fixed in 96% ethanol (Jovanović et al., 2021). 461 BULLETIN OF THE IRAQ NATURAL HISTORY MUSEUM Solijonov et al. Table (1): Distribution areas of a new record of the leech A. weberi in the Fergana Valley. No Collecting biotope Locality (District, Region) Coordinates Date Above sea level (m) Number of Leeches 1 Kara Darya River Kurgantepa District, Andijan Region 40°46'30.1" N 73°03'12.6" E 23.III.2020 802 18 2 Fazilman ota spring Khanabad City, Andijan Region 40°48'50.9" N 72°59'42.2" E 10.VI.2021 761 20 3 Kara Darya River Izbaskan District, Andijan Region 40°51'32.8" N 72°19'10.9" E 19.VIII.2022 458 34 4 Stream Andijan City, Andijan Region 40°43'52.0" N 72°18'51.8" E 9.IV.2020 484 28 5 Stream Asaka District, Andijan Region 40°41'57.7" N 72°16'35.1" E 22.IX.2020 483 22 6 Kaynarbulak spring Balikchi District, Andijan Region 40°53'32.3" N 71°51'16.8" E 30.V.2021 415 36 Mean 567 26 462 BULLETIN OF THE IRAQ NATURAL HISTORY MUSEUM New record of malacophagous leech Map (1): Geographic distribution of A.weberi; (A) Literature records, (B) New records. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Taxonomical part Phylum: Annelida Lamarck, 1809 Class: Clitellata Michaelsen, 1919 Subclass: Hirudinea Lamarck, 1818 Order: Hirudinida Siddall et al., 2001 Suborder: Glossiphoniiformes Tessler and de Carle, 2018 Family: Glossiphoniidae Vaillant, 1890 Genus: Alboglossiphonia Lukin, 1976 Species: Alboglossiphonia weberi (Blanchard, 1897) Note: the classification position according to Lukin (1976), Borda and Siddall (2004) and Tessler et al. (2018). Description (Pl. 1): Body length 2-4mm in young leeches, width about 1-2 mm; average in adults 5-12 mm and width about 3-8 mm. The body in a calm state has an elongated oval shape, like other representatives of the family Glossiphoniidae. However, its difference in body form from other glossifoniid leeches can be seen after feeding, that is, body width 463 BULLETIN OF THE IRAQ NATURAL HISTORY MUSEUM Solijonov et al. almost equal to length and remains round. Dorsal surface of body not smooth; it has more than a hundred conical papillae with seven rows of black spots (Lukin, 1976). Larger in middle - medial (single row), near the edges of body - paramarginal (four rows) and at edge of body - marginal (two rows), medial rows separated, but the rest combined (Pl. 1 A). Color body mostly white, almost transparent. Therefore, after feeding the digestive organs can be seen with eye. Сrop caeca divided into 6 pairs, first pair smaller, 2-5 pairs larger in length, and last branched into 5 rows (Pl. 1 A). Eyes divided into three pairs; the first one smaller and closer to each other. The next 2 pairs of eyes bigger; distance between eyes larger (Pl. 1 C). Like other glossifonides, they have a proboscis in front of their body to feed. Posterior sucker small; a small part of sucker protrudes below abdominal cavity of body and adheres very tightly to substrate (Pl. 1 D). Somites with triannulate; genital pores joined and open in a common pore in furrow XII al/a2 (Nesemann et al., 2007). Some of the collected specimens contained more than 50 cocoons on their ventral side. Leeches were feed in the laboratory for 20 days. About 50 young individuals are then formed from the eggs inside the cocoons, initially fed clinging to its mother’s ventral side, and then fed independently. Plate (1): Morphology of A. weberi; (A) Dorsal side and 6 pairs of crop caeca, (B) Ventral side with cocoons, (C) Head part with three pairs of eyes, (D) Posterior sucker. (Photo by Khayrulla Solijonov). Ecological habitats: A. weberi is a potamal species that lives in flowing water bodies with an average annual temperature not lower than 20 °C, and it can be found in non-turbid biotopes with a temperature of 20-24 °C and a depth of 20-90 cm. This species is widespread in warm basin (a thermophilic benthic organism). It mainly uses underwater rock and other solid objects (bricks, solid household waste) as a substrate. Algae (Myriophyllum verticillatum Linnaeus, 1753), fish [Schizothorax intermedius McClelland, 1842, Triplophysa strauchii (Kessler, 1874)], marsh frogs namely Pelophylax ridibundus (Pallas, 1771), aquatic molluscs [Lymnaea subdisjuncta (Nevill, 1878), L. truncatula (O.F. Müller, 1774), Physella acuta (Draparnaud, 1805), Gyraulus acronicus (J.B. Férussac, 1807)] (Pazilov and Umarov, 2021); and crustaceans, insect larvae were also found in the biotopes where this species lives. A. weberi participates in biotic relationships with other species in the biocenosis in the form of 464 BULLETIN OF THE IRAQ NATURAL HISTORY MUSEUM New record of malacophagous leech “predator-prey”, in particular, it attacks and feeds on the internal fluids and soft tissues of small water molluscs such as L. subdisjuncta, L. truncatula, Ph. acuta and G. acronicus. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, it can be said that Alboglossihoni weberi is distributed in the territory of Uzbekistan. This species feeds on gastropods, an intermediate host of helminthic parasites infecting livestock. As a result, the spread of helminthic diseases is prevented. Aquatic ecosystems can be monitored by studying the fauna, distribution, and ecology of leeches. It is especially useful in preserving biodiversity. CONFLICT OF INTEREST STATEMENT The results of the current study are part of the requirements of Ph. D thesis in Ecology, Department of Ecology and Botany/Andijan State University for the first author. We declare that there is no conflict of interest between the authors. We confirm that all the pictures in the manuscript belong to us. We note, in this study, that there is no conflict of interest regarding the use of the laboratory of Andijan State University. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS We are grateful to Professor Naim Sağlam from Firat University and Professor Serge Utevsky from Kharkiv National University for their scientific advice. We would like to thank Farrukh Umarov, a doctoral student in Andijan State University, for his help in collecting materials during the research. LITERATURE CITED Blanchard, R. 1897. Hirundin´ees des Indes N´eerlandaises. Zoologische Ergebnisse einer reise in Niederländisch Ost-Indien, 4 (1): 332-356. [In German]. [Click here] Bolotov, I. N., Eliseeva, T. A., Kondakov, A. V., Konopleva, E. S., Palatov, D. M., Sokolova, A. M., Vikhrev, I. V., Gofarov, M. Y., Bovykina, G. V., Chan, N., Lunn, Z. and Win, T. 2022. Hidden shelter-like associations of minute Alboglossiphonia leeches (Hirudinea: Glossiphoniidae) with sedentary animals and molluscs. Limnologica, 97 (2022): 1-14. [CrossRef ] Borda, E. and Siddall, M. E. 2004. Arhynchobdellida (Annelida: Oligochaeta: Hirudinida): phylogenetic relationships and evolution. 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(2023) 17 (3): 459-468. من Alboglossiphonia Lukin, 1976من جنس اكالت القواقع لعلق سجل جديد ت كستانوادي فيرجانا، أوزب *** وديلفوزا عماروفا و فيد عزت هللا **و ز ،خير هللا سوليجونوف* .جامعة أنديجان الحكومية، مدينة أنديجان، جمهورية أوزبكستان * .أوزبكستانورية جمهجامعة والية سمرقند، مدينة سمرقند، ** .معهد أنديجان لبناء اآلالت، مدينة أنديجان، جمهورية أوزبكستان *** 20/6/2023، تأريخ النشر: 18/3/2023القبول: ، تأريخ 25/11/2022تأريخ االستالم: الخالصة Alboglossiphonia weberi (Blandchard, 1897) في هذه الدراسة العلقسجل (،Annelida, Hirudinida, Glossiphoniidae) ألول مرة في املياه العذبة بوادي فرغانة في جديد . هذا النوع من العلق2022-2020ة الجزء الشرقي من أوزبكستان خالل الفتر املظهرية خصائصال البحث اعطى ؛في أوزبكستان وآسيا الوسطى العلقيات لفونا .للنوعصور فوتوغرافية خريطة توزيع و معوالبيئية