binhm: A Pathfinder

This is a computer-generated pathfinder created against the Distant Reader study called binhm.

Each Distant Reader study carrel is composed of many individual items. Each item is bibliographically described with author, title, date, summary, and keyword values. Below is a list of the items' most signficant keywords as well as lists of the items themselves. Purpusing the content of this pathfinder provides the student, researcher, or scholar with one way to get their heads around the scope of the carrel. The keywords include:

Species; Natural; History; Photo; Length; Distribution; Baghdad; Genus; Area; Parasites; Formation; Water; Fishes; Fish; Birds; Body; Hymenoptera; Analysis; Brown; Host; Province; Mohammad; Soil; Facies; Cells; Mhaisen; Larvae; Nematodes; Ticks; Fungi; Plant; Bird; Male; Dna; Nematode; Segment; Population; Trees; Afrasiab; Identification; Armenia; House; Leaf; Bristles; Females; Bees; Gulf; Pollen; Rate; Fin; Red; North; Algae; Wood; Site; Limestone; Temperature; Ali; Sucker; Erbil; Dark; Depth; Testis; Nasuta; Embryo; Layer; Tribe; Apex; Var; Nguyen; Motility; Haas; Pearls; Aenasius; Bostrichidae

Depending on how this pathfinder was created, many of the bibliographic sections will include elaborations on the meaning(s) of the given keywords. These elaborations were generated by feeding the items' summaries to a large langauge model and asking the model to address the question, "What is X?", where "X" is the keyword. The result will be a few sentences of elaboration. Be forewarned. The elaborations are often plausible, but they should not be take as truth. Instead, they should be taken as points for consideration.

• FAUNA AND FLORA OF HAWRAMAN MOUNTAIN (Part one) HAWRAMAN LOWEST ZONE, KURDISTAN PROVINCE NORTH EAST OF IRAQ by Afrasiab, Saman R.; Mohammad, Mohammad K.; Ali, Hasan H.; Al-Moussawi, Azhar A.; Abdul-Rassoul, M. S. (2013) - Coracias garrulus L. 1758., Europpean Roller. Syrian Woodpeckers Pica pica (L. 1850) Magpie. Keywords: afrasiab; fauna; fig; flora; hawraman; iraq; kurdistan; lahony; mountain; plant; species; valley
• THE FAUNISTIC SURVEY OF LADY BEETLES (COLEOPTERA, COCCINELLIDAE) IN THE MEHRIZ REGION(YAZD PROVINCE), IRAN by Khormizi, Zare M.; Biranvand, A.; Shakarami, J. (2013) - Locations of coccinellid species collected in the Mehriz region. Coccinellid species collected from the Mehriz region. Keywords: beetles; black; coccinellidae; coleoptera; linnaeus; mehriz; region; species; yellow
• PHENOPLASTICITY AND KARYOTYPING OF CONVOLVULUS ARVENSIS L., 1753 (SOLANALES, CONVOLVULACEAE) GENOTYPES by Azza B. Hamed; Wafaa M. Amer; Amany S. Abod (2024) - Also, Moustafa et al. (2019) recorded variations in morphological and anatomical characters accompanied by nucleotide sequences in two forms of C. arvensis and stated that such variation might lead to a consequence of mutations in the lineage of C. arvensis forms. Also, Moustafa et al. (2019) recorded variations in morphological and anatomical characters accompanied by nucleotide sequences in two forms of C. arvensis and stated that such variation might lead to a consequence of mutations in the lineage of C. arvensis forms. Keywords: arvensis; characters; chromosome; convolvulus; correlation; genotypes; iraq; length; phenoplasticity; species
• PETAL EPIDERMAL MICROMORPHOLOGY AND ITS TAXONOMIC SIGNIFICANS IN SOME SPECIES OF BIGNONIACEAE FROM EGYPT by Samir S. Teleb; Hussein A. Hussein; Riham Shaheen; Marwa M. El-Demerdash (2024) - Boraginaceae (Akçin, 2009), Polygonaceae (Hong et al., 1998; Kong and Hong, 2018), Commelinaceae (Chwil, 2011), Orchidaceae (Barone Lumaga et al., 2012, and Menispermaceae (Wang et al., 2018). Hayat et al., 2009; Shaheen et al., 2009; Saheed and Illoh, 2010; Ajmal and Al Hemaid, 2011; Kemka and Nwachukwu, 2011; Al Sheef et al., 2013; Khosroshahi and Salmaki, 2019). Keywords: n ic; n t; species; trichomes; u b; u n
• INVESTIGATION OF WILD LAND PLANTS OF THE RIPARIAN AREA OF THE DUJAIL RIVER, SALAHALDIN PROVINCE, NORTH OF BAGHDAD, IRAQ by Khansaa Rasheed Al-Joboury; Lubna M. Zurgany (2024) - The results also showed that the species Sonchus oleraceus L., 1753 has recorded a wide spread in many stations such as: St 1, St 9, St 11, St 15, St 22, and St 23 (Tab. 3). Famalies Species Duration Local names Stations 1 A m aran th aceae Amaranthus viridis L. Annual herb Slender amaranth St 1, St 3, St 10 2 Keywords: africa; amara; baghdad; distribution; edmondson; egypt; europe; examind; family; genus; ghazanfar; guest; herb; iran; iraq; iraq natural; jabal; jordan; material; material examind; palestine; perennial; plants; remark; species; specimens; syria; townsend; zohary
• INTRASPECIES GENETIC AND MORPHOLOGICAL ANALYSES OF THE NEW COLLECTION OF MEDICINAL TINDER FOMES FOMENTARIUS(L.) FR.1849 (AGARICOMYCETES, POLYPORALES, POLYPORACEAE) FROM IRAQ by Rajaa Abdulrazzaq Al Anbagi; Sara Q. Sulaiman; Fakhir R. H. Alshuwaili (2024) - This evidence suggests that F. fomentarius may include several sympatric cryptic species and multifaceted genetic structure of F. fomentarius population presenting different host preferences (Judova et al., 2012; Therefore, detecting intraspecies genetic variability of F. fomentarius strains is essential due to their diverse therapeutic prosperities. Keywords: analyses; et al; fomentarius; fomes; iraq; sequence; species; strains
• MORPHOLOGICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF BLOWFLY MAGGOTS (DIPTERA, CALLIPHORIDAE) FROM THE MIDDLE OF IRAQ by Zainab Abdulameer Abass; Hayder Badri Ali (2024) - 2C, D) ………………………………………………………………………………... Lucilia….. 6 5- Spinose bands on segments with broad, three-or four-or rarely two-pointed spines (Pl. 6B); anterior spiracle with 8 lobes……………………………………. This study aims to analyze morphological characteristics of caliphorid insects using SEM images, focusing on third instar larvae, and to develop a key for their identification based on shape characteristics. Keywords: calliphoridae; diptera; electron; identification; iraq; key; larvae; scanning; species; study
• THE BIODIVERSITY OF BAHR AL-NAJAF DEPRESSION, AL-NAJAF AL-ASHRAF PROVINCE by Mohammad, Mohammad K.; Ali, Hassan H. (2018) - 68- Galerida cristata Family Hirundinidae 90- Taphozous nudiventris Family Vespertilionidae Keywords: area; bahr; bahr al; biodiversity; depression; desert; family; iraq; lake; najaf; species; water
• NEW RECORDS OF SOME DIGENETIC TREMATODES IN SOME MARINE FISHES FROM IRAQ by Hassan A. Fazaa; Atheer H. Ali; Hussein A. Saud (2024) - P. tenuis differs from P. hickmani in the ratio of ventral sucker peduncle length to the body length, the ratio of forebody to body length, the ratio of forebody to peduncle length and the ratio of oral sucker to pharynx length (Aken’Ova et al., 2009). These two species are aslo vary in the distribution of the vitelline as well as eggs measurements, the ratio of the body width to body length and the ratio of fore body length to total body length (Bray and Cribb, 2002, 2007). Keywords: body; bray; iraq; length; oral; ovary; pharynx; ratio; species; spines; sucker; testis; ventral; vesicle; width; yamaguti
• ISOLATION AND IDENTIFICATION OF EIMERIA SCHNEIDER, 1875 SPECIES (APICOMPLEXA, EIMERIIDAE) FROM GOATS IN WASIT PROVINCE, IRAQ by Zainab A. Makawi (2024) - Prevalence and risk factors associated with Eimeria species infection in cattle of different geographical regions of Indonesia, Veterinary World, 14(9): 2339-2345. Table (1): Microscopic examination with infection rate Eimeria species in goats concerning the area. Keywords: analysis; arloingi; eimeria; eimeria species; gene; goats; infection; iraq; journal; rate; samples; species
• PRELIMINARY PARASITOLOGICAL INVESTIGATION OF BROWN TROUT WITH NEW RECORDED SPECIES IN ARMENIA by Oleg V. Shcherbakov; Jon A. Mkrtchyan; Sargis A. Aghayan; Hasmik Sh. Gevorgyan; Valeri V. Grigoryan; Anush R. Hakobyan; Liana H. Grigoryan (2024) - The results indicate that the parasite fauna of fish parasites in the southern regions of Armenia is distinctive. Fish parasites: Study manual. Keywords: armenia; brown; fauna; fish; infection; iraq; lake; parasites; research; salmo; species; trout; trutta; wild
• ADDITIONAL INFORMATION WITH A CHECKLIST OF LAND SNAILS IN IRAQ by Hiba Mohammed Jihad (2024) - This study reports on land snails found in Iraq. As there is no previous checklist or study that provides an overview of land snails in Iraq, the results of this study fill the gap in our knowledge about this group and provide an important database for further research in this field in the country. Keywords: distribution; helix; iraq; jihad; land; neubert; pfeiffer; snails; species; specimens; terrestrial
• FIRST RECORD OF THE NORTH AFRICAN CATFISH CLARIAS GARIEPINUS (BURCHELL, 1822) (SILURIFORMES, CLARIIDAE) IN TIGRIS RIVER, IRAQ by Hind D. Hadi; Abed H. Baraaj; Atheer H. Ali; Maab R. Sajet (2024) - Morpho-meristics, maturity stages, GSI and gonadal hormone plasticity of African catfish Clarias gariepinus (Burchell 1822) that invaded into the Ganga River, India. INTRODUCTION The African catfish, Clarias gariepinus (Burchell, 1822), is one of the most important fish species cultured in many parts of the world. Keywords: catfish; clarias; fin; fin rays; gariepinus; iraq; length; meristic; rays; species
• VAGRANCY RECORDS OF THE GREAT WHITE PELICAN PELECANUS ONOCROTALUS LINNAEUS, 1758 (AVES, PELECANIFORMES, PELECANIDAE) IN SOUTHERN INDIA by Kamalanathan Sharma; Samidurai Jayakumar; Subramanian Muralidharan (2024) - 16.636893 81.214012 41 20 Sharma Kamalanathan * 1 Nelapattu Wildlife Sanctuary, Andhra Pradesh DEC /2022 13.828064 79.95377 55 21 Siribabu Gera 1 Nelapattu Wildlife Sanctuary, Andhra Pradesh JAN /2023 13.772822 79.97656 45 Total 23 * INTRODUCTION Vagrant birds are individuals of migratory bird species that are observed outside their wintering grounds and distribution range in unusual areas (Elisa et al., 2015). Keywords: andhra; bird; india; onocrotalus; pelican; pradesh; records; sanctuary; sighting; species; vagrancy; white
• OCCURRENCE OF HEMIPTERAN SPECIES ON ALFALFA PLANT IN BAGHDAD by Augul, Razzaq SH.; Mzhr, Nassreen N.; Abdul-Rassoul, M. S. (2012) - MATERIAL AND METHODS Specimens were collected from alfalfa field of Abu-Ghraib in April, May, October (2010) by standard sweeping net and held aspirator, Insect specimens of large and medium size were mounted on pin while small insects were preserved in 70% alcohol. This bugs feeds upon smaller insects, butterflies eggs, the nymphs of phytophagous bugs, aphids and mites Geocorius sp., are among the most abundant and important predaceous insects in many cropping systems Geocorius sp. are known to feed on plants, however they rarely cause economic damage, their most distinguishing characteristic is their large, bulging eyes. Keywords: alfalfa; bugs; hemiptera; heteroptera; insects; plant; species
• OCCURANCE OF ADULT MUSCID FLIES ON STICKY TRAPS IN SOME IRAQI PROVINCES by Al-Saffar, Hanaa H.; Augul, Razzaq SH.; Ali, Hayder B.; Abdul-Rassoul, M. S. (2012) - The high numbers of M. domestica recorded in the current study was similar to previous studies of flies associated with waste in other countries (Imai, 1985; Essa & El Sibae, 1993, Nurita et al. 2008). However, Goulson et al. (1999) reported low proportions of M. domestica in flies emerging from garbage in landfills. Keywords: domestica; figure; flies; iraq; musca; percentage; species; table
• A NEW RECORD OF TWO NEMATODES, MESORHABDITIS FRANSENI FUCHS, 1933 (MESORHABDITIDAE) AND PRATYLENCHUS GOODEYI SHER AND ALLEN, 1953 (PRATYLENCHIDAE) WITH MOLECULAR DESCRIPTION FROM IRAQ by Zahraa Yahia Kadhim; Harith Saeed Al-Warid; Jawad B. Al-Zaidawi (2025) - Fauna of soil nematodes and other soil micro-mesofauna in spruce clearings in the Šumava Mts., Czech Republic. Characterizations of community and trophic structures of soil nematodes in a coastal Japanese black pine forest. Keywords: franseni; genus; goodeyi; iraq; isolate; mesorhabditis; nematodes; number; pratylenchus; rrna; sequence; soil; species
• A SURVEY OF GASTROPODS IN THE GREENHOUSES OF IRAQ by Hiba Mohammed Jihad; Noor HusseinYousif (2025) - Therefore, the greenhouses provide ideal conditions for both plant life and several pests snails, maintaining stable moisture and temperature levels. CONCLUSIONS Based on our findings on the infestation rate of gastropods in greenhouses in Iraq, it can be concluded that land snails represent important greenhouse pests. Keywords: baghdad; gastropods; greenhouses; iraq; natural; plants; researchgate; snails; species
• TAXONOMIC REVISION OF THE FAMILY CASUARINACEAE R. BR., 1814 (ORDER, FAGALES) IN EGYPT by Fatema S. Mohamed; Rim Hamdy; Essam M. Abd-Elkhader (2025) - iii.1974, V. Täckholm, N. El Hadidi, Ayyad and Mahdi s. n. (CAI); Cairo-Alexandria road 90 Km, 7. iii.1978, M. Muller et al. s. n. (CAI); Cairo, Aquarium garden, 6. ix.2023, F. Sami 712 (CAIM); Giza, El-Saff, 13. xi.2023, F. Sami 722 (CAIM); Wadi El Natroun, 3. iii.2024, R. Hamdy s.n. (CAI); Damietta, 28.ix.2024, R. Hamdy s. n. (CAI); El Maadi, 4.xii.2024, R. Hamdy s.n. (CAI). Breeding and improving of Casuarina trees. Keywords: branchlets; brown; cai; casuarina; casuarinaceae; cone; drar; egypt; family; garden; giza; iraq; male; s.n; samara; species; teeth; täckholm
• TAXONOMIC STUDY ON PAEONIA L.,1753 (PAEONIACEAE) FROM IRAQ by Zeravan Abdulkhaliq Sadeeq Al-Doskey (2025) - Researchers also discovered taxonomic ranks of the genus the northern aspects of mountain environments, particularly in the districts of 621 BULLETIN OF THE IRAQ NATURAL HISTORY MUSEUM Al-Doskey, Z. A. S. Amadiya (MAM) and Rowandouz (MRO), which served as the focal point for the genus's spread in Iraq, as depicted in (Map 1) and the research specified that Paeonia L. species are present only in Iraq's highlands, which had a Mediterranean-like environment, with high elevations ranging from 1000 and 1700 meters above sea level and an average annual rainfall of 900 to 1100 mm. Throughout the field observations, only one subspecies- (P. mascula subsp. Identification key to the subspecies of Paeonia mascula in Iraq 1. Keywords: average; cells; genus; iraq; leaf; leaves; length; mascula; number; paeonia; plants; species; study; subsp; width
• NEW RECORD OF PREDATOR MELANTHRIPS PALLIDIOR PRIESNER (THYSANOPTERA: MELANTHRIPIDAE) IN BAGHDAD - IRAQ by Hamodi, Awatif Abdul-Fatah (2012) - Distribution of Thysanoptera species and their host plant in Croatia. Melanthrips pallidior Priesner was record a predator on insects of bean flowers in Turkey (Akakan.2008), also in Europe, Africa and North America on wheat (Alavie & Zurstrasn & Bagherami. 2007) and on Tulipa gesneriana L. and Pyrus zommunis L. (Kirk. 2007; Keywords: melanthrips; mound; predator; priesner; species; thysanoptera
• INVESTIGATION OF MACROFUNGI IN THE MIDDLE OF IRAQ by Sarah Jamal Jalil; Anfal Izaldeen AL Kateeb; Hurria Hussein Al-Juboory (2025) - This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License ABSTRACT The study aimed to survey mushroom species from fields among herbs, palm trunks, and trees in central Iraq and to identify them on the basis of morphological and molecular characteristics. The phylogenetic tree of mushroom species was plotted in fixed scales where the lengths of branches were of the same units using evolutionary distances (Diag. 1). Keywords: et al; fungi; gloiocephalus; iraq; journal; macrofungi; mushroom; sha12; species; tree; volvopluteus
• MORPHOLOGICAL AND MOLECULAR STUDY OF CHEWING LICE INFESTING POULTRY IN BASRAH PROVINCE, IRAQ by Zahraa S. Al-Shabibi; Alaa N. Hatem (2025) - Identification key for chewing lice species of pigeons in the current study: 1. Campanulotes bidentatus Identification key of chewing lice species of chickens in the current study: 1. Keywords: 18s; gene; hairs; head; identification; iraq; lice; rrna; species; study
• IDENTIFICATION OF SOME EDIBLE MUSHROOMS FROM SALAH ALDIN PROVINCE, IRAQ by Lubna M. Alzurgany; Marthad Aiham Alazzawi (2025) - Corresponding author: lubna.m@nhm.uobaghdad.edu.iq Received: 21 Nov. 2024, Revised: 24 May 2025, Accepted: 26 May 2025, Published:20 June 2025 This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License ABSTRACT A survey and identification were made of edible mushrooms from Salah Al Din Province, central of Iraq, were conducted. Keywords: Basidiomycota, Edible mushrooms, Fungi, Macrofungal, Macroscopic characters. Keywords: brown; bull; cap; characteristics; color; coprinellus; iraq; mushrooms; natural; size; species; surface; white
• NEW RECORD OF TWO EURYHALIOTREMA KRITSKY & BOEGER, 2002 SPECIES (MONOGENOIDEA, DACTYLOGYRIDAE) FROM LUTJANID FISHES FROM MARINE COAST OFF IRAQ by Ali A. R. Al-Darwesh; Atheer H. Ali; Israa S. Abd Al-Ameer (2025) - 767 BULLETIN OF THE IRAQ NATURAL HISTORY MUSEUM Al-Darwesh et al. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Family, Dactylogyridae Bychowsky, 1933 Genus, Euryhaliotrema Kritsky & Boeger, 2002 Euryhaliotrema adelpha Kritsky & Justine, 2012 Host: Blackspot snapper, Lutjanus ehrenbergii (Peters, 1869) and Dory snapper L. fulviflamma (Forsskål, 1775). Within Euryhaliotrema species infested lutjanid fishes, Euryhaliotrema adelpha differs from E. nanaoense by being short having a single coil in the MCO shaft, in contrast to the long and straight shaft of MCO and by variation in the shape of the anchors between the two species. Keywords: euryhaliotrema; fishes; iraq; kritsky; length; mco; species; spirotubiforum
• OCCURRENCE OF ENTOMOPATHOGENIC AND OTHER OPPORTUNISTIC FUNGI IN SOIL COLLECTED FROM INSECT HIBERNATION SITES AND EVALUATION OF THEIR ENTOMOPATHOGENIC POTENTIAL by Hasan, Wazeer A.; Assaf, Lazgeen Haji; Abdullah, Samir Khalaf (2012) - Key words: Entomopathogenic fungi, Soil, Iraq. These two methods of germination are manipulated for isolation of entomopathogenic fungi from the soil ( Goettel and Inglis,1997). Keywords: abdullah; entomopathogenic; fungi; insect; iraq; isolation; javanica; occurrence; samples; soil; species
• BLOOD PARASITES OF SOME PASSERIFORM BIRDS IN BAGHDAD AREA, CENTRAL IRAQ by Mohammad, Mohammad K.; Al-Moussawi, Azhar A. (2012) - Glushchenko, V.V. 1963 [Principles of the distribution of avian blood parasites in relation to the ecology of their hosts]. *email: amarmkm82@yahoo.com ABSTRACT Examining of passeriform birds collected in Baghdad area revealed presence of seven species of blood parasites belonging to three genera, Haemoproteus, Leucocytozoon, and Plasmodium. Keywords: birds; blood; haemoproteus; iraq; mohammad; parasites; plasmodium; species
• SOME ORMYRIDAE (HYMENOPTERA , CHALCIDOIDEA) FROM IRAQ by Abdul-Rassoul, M. S. (2011) - 1980, ex. galls of Cynips sp. on oak; 1♀, em. ex. galls of Andricus sp. on oak, (Leg. Keywords: galls; iraq; species; ♂ ♂
• ENDEMIC PLANTS IN TWO PHYTOGEOGRAPHIC SUB-REGIONS: MIDDLE SAHARO-SINDIAN AND MESOPOTAMIA IN IRAQ by Ali Haloob; Zainab Abid Aun Ali; Russul Saad Hamshkan (2025) - The total number of endemic plant taxa described in the previous reports in the Mesopotamia and Middle Saharo-Sindian phytogeographic sub-regions in Iraq was 89 taxa, belonging to 23 families and 59 genera. 18 taxa from the total number of endemic plant taxa mentioned in the two previous reports were synonyms (Tab.1). Keywords: asteraceae; boiss; district; flora; iraq; middle; phytogeographic; plant; region; saharo; sindian; species; sub; taxa
• DARKLING BEETLES OF THE SUBFAMILY PIMELIINAE (COLEOPTERA, TENEBRIONIDAE) IN IRAQ: AN ANNOTATED WITH UPDATED CHECKLIST by Hanaa H. Al Saffar; Razzaq Shalan Augul; Fatima H. B. Muarid (2025) - Iraq nat. Iraq nat. Keywords: adesmia; carl; coleoptera; distribution; egypt; et al; genus; history; iraq; museum; natural; solier; species; tenebrionidae
• MORPHOLOGICAL AND MOLECULAR DESCRIPTION FOR A NEW RECORD OF NEMATODE ACROBELOIDES VARIUS KIM, KIM & PARK, 2017 (RHABDITIDA, CEPHALOBIDAE) FROM IRAQ by Zahraa Yahia Kadhim; Harith Saeed Al-Warid; Jawad B. Al-Zaidawi (2025) - Only 29 of the 40 nominal species that have been described in this genus thus far may be considered valid (Andrássy, 2005), including two species that have been reported in Korea (Kim et al., 2016, 2017): A. nanus de Man, 1880 (Anderson, 1968) and A. varius (Kim et al., 2017). The lengths and measurements of the A. varius in this study were similar to those described by Kim et al. (2017) from South Korea. Keywords: 18s; acrobeloides; baghdad; body; dna; iraq; length; nematodes; soil; species; varius
• DNA BARCODING OF NORTH AFRICAN CATFISH CLARIAS GARIEPINUS (BURCHELL, 1822) (SILURIFORMES, CLARIIDAE) FROM TIGRIS RIVER, IRAQ by Hind Dyia Hadi; Atheer Hussain Ali; Suhad Hamza Mohammed Ali (2025) - Registration of C. gariepinus genes in the NCBI GenBank database will highlight the importance of monitoring exotic species in Iraq. The DNA sequences of C. gariepinus were done using the mitochondrial DNA cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (COI) gene, and a specific primer set. Keywords: barcoding; catfish; clarias; clarias gariepinus; coi; dna; gariepinus; gene; iraq; north; sequence; species
• DETECTION OF THE PRESENCE OF BOTH SPECIES SINANODONTA WOODIANA (LEA, 1834) AND SINANODONTA LAUTA (MARTENS, 1877) (BIVALVIA, UNIONIDA, UNIONIDAE) IN THE LATE HOLOCENE SEDIMENTS OF SOUTHERN IRAQ by Bushra Majeed Issa (2025) - Whereas, the species S. woodiana (Lea, 1834) had been previously identified in central Iraq by Bogan et al. (2021), and in its southern region by Naser et al. (2024), as shown in Plate (1). S. woodiana, also known as the Chinese pond mussel, is native to East Asia but has been introduced to various regions around the world, including Europe and North America (Urbanska and Andrzejewski, 2019; Urbańska et al., 2021). Keywords: et al; iraq; lauta; sinanodonta; species; study; woodiana
• ASSESSING THE POTENTIAL RISK OF IMPACTS BY FOUR NON-NATIVE BIRDS SPECIES ON BIODIVERSITY IN IRAQ by Obaida Ali Al-Dulaimi; Hind Suhail Abdulhay (2025) - Data were extracted about recognized introduced non-native bird species by checking published abstracts, scientific articles, reports, books, book chapters, reports, as well as gray literature on non-native species in Iraq. Non-native bird species were observed using direct visual observation methods of live birds in captivity (Salim et al., 2021; Nolan et al., 2022). Keywords: alien; assessment; biodiversity; bird; climate; et al; impacts; invasive; iraq; myna; native; potential; risk; salim; species; tristis
• FIRST RECORD OF SNAKEFLY FAMILY INOCELLIIDAE (ORDER, RAPHIDIOPTERA) FROM KURDISTAN REGION, NORTH OF IRAQ by Wand K. Ali (2025) - Species identification was carried out by sharing photographs online with Professor Horst Aspöck at the Medical University of Vienna, and further confirmation was obtained using the identification keys and morphological illustrations provided in Aspöck et al. (1991) and the annotated catalogue by Aspöck et The family currently comprises 7 extant genera and approximately 44 recognized species, along with one fossil genus (Aspöck et al., 1991; Engel 1995; Aspöck et al., 2001). Keywords: aspöck; aspöck et; et al; inocelliidae; iraq; parainocellia; raphidioptera; region; species
• PRELIMINARY DATA ON TARDIGRADA FROM THE ARMENIAN FORESTED AREA by Anushik Khachatryan; Oleg Shcherbakov; Noushig Zarikian (2025) - Early taxonomic studies in the Caucasus region have identified Tardigrada species belonging to genera such as Echiniscus C. A. S. Schultze, 1840, and Milnesium Doyère, 1840 (Ramazzotti and Maucci, 1983; Dastych, 1988). Ramazzotti and Maucci (1983), Biserov (1990, 1998), Bertolani and Rebecchi (1993), Biserov and Trumanov (1993), Guidetti and Bertolani (2005), Guidetti et al. (2005, 2013, 2019, 2021), Horikawa et al. (2006), Bertolani et al. (2010, 2011), Wełnicz et al. (2011), Kaczmarek et al. (2012, 2015), Vicente and Bertolani (2013), Suzuki (2016, 2022), Kaczmarek and Michalczyk (2017), Fontoura et al. (2017), Stec et al. (2018, 2020), Morek et al. (2019), and Kayastha et al. (2023a, b). Keywords: armenia; bertolani; doyère; iraq; macrobiotus; milnesium; paramacrobiotus; species; tardigrada
• DIVERSITY AND SPATIOTEMPORAL VARIATIONS OF ROTIFERA OF THE SAMARRA DAM, IRAQ by Osama S. Majeed (2025) - [Click here] Rocha, M. A., Ribeiro, S. M. M. S., Júnior, M. D. M., Da Silva, M. B. and Melo, P. A. M. D. C. 2021. Diversity and spatiotemporal variations K. quadrata (Müller, 1786) (short spin form) R R R Ac Ac Ac K. tropica (Apstein, 1907) R R R Ac Ac Keywords: diversity; ehrenberg; index; iraq; majeed; r ac; r c; r r; river; rotifera; species; station; values
• AN INTEGRATIVE STUDY ON LIMNATIS PALUDA (TENNENT, 1859) (CLITELLATA, ARHYNCHOBDELLIDA, PRAOBDELLIDAE): MORPHOLOGICAL CHARACTERS, MOLECULAR DATA, AND CONFIRM OCCURRENCE IN IRAQ by Zhwan Othman Kanabi; Sherwan Tayeb Ahmed (2025) - The phylogenetic analysis demonstrated a highly supported monophyletic clade of L. paluda sequences with 73-99 bootstrap values that could be viewed as statistically strong confidence. New record of leech Limnatis paluda (Hirudinida: praobdellidae) from Fergana Valley: ecological features and comparison with other regions. Keywords: dna; et al; history; iraq; journal; l. paluda; leeches; limnatis; molecular; nilotica; paluda; sequences; species; specimens; study
• MORPHOLOGICAL AND MOLECULAR STUDY OF TWO SPECIES OF CARPOMYA COSTA, 1854 (DIPTERA, TEPHRITIDAE) INFESTING SIDR FRUITS IN BAGHDAD, IRAQ by Eyas Yaseen Al-Jboory; Feryal Bahjat Hermize (2025) - and provide the first molecular record of C. vesuviana in Iraq, as no previous molecular records of C. vesuviana have been established in Iraq and, building on the previous work by Tahir and Alyousuf (2023) who were the first to molecularly record C. incompleta in Basrah Province, this research will provide the first molecular record for C. incompleta specifically in Baghdad Province, utilizing PCR technology with the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase subunit I (COI) gene and submit the obtained genetic sequences to the global GenBank database to establish a reliable genetic reference for the studied species and construct a phylogenetic tree using the submitted genetic sequences and compare the degree of genetic relatedness between the local Iraqi samples and those previously recorded in global databases like GenBank, or those from neighboring countries, to determine their genetic proximity. MATERIALS AND METHODS Study area: The specimens of infested sidr fruits were collected from different orchards belonging to both Radwaniya and Abu Ghraib Districts in Baghdad Province in a sampling which was conducted over a six-month period, from December 2024 to May 2025. These clades demonstrated strong statistical support, clearly separating C. vesuviana and C. incompleta. Keywords: baghdad; carpomya; fruits; incompleta; iraq; sequences; sidr; species; study; vesuviana
• ASSESSMENT OF ORGANIC POLLUTION IN EAST AL-HAMMAR MARSH USING PALMER'S ALGAL INDEX, BASRAH, SOUTHERN OF IRAQ by Ebtehal M. Jaffer; Adil Fadhil Abbas; Suhad A. Al-Knaany (2025) - MATERIALS AND METHODS Study area: Sited in southern Iraq, Al Hammar Marsh is one of the largest wetlands in the country. The studies on limnology, water quality, water quality index, phytoplankton and primary production in Iraqi marshes remains relatively limited. Keywords: algae; assessment; et al; hammar; index; iraq; kützing; marsh; palmer; phytoplankton; pollution; quality; species; water
• DIVERSITY AND SPECIES DISTRIBUTION OF HYALOMMA C. L. KOCH, 1844 (IXODIDA, IXODIDAE) INFESTING LIVESTOCK IN DIYALA PROVINCE, CENTRAL OF IRAQ by Noora D. Abed; Nagham Y. Albayati (2025) - Tick infestation among these diseases is a major risk to livestock health and animal productivity in Diyala Province (Hasson, 2016); therefore, the present study was conducted to identify the species of Hyalomma ticks in this province, their infestation intensity, and what affects their distribution. Table (3): Tick infestation depends on livestock sex. Keywords: animals; hyalomma; infestation; iraq; livestock; sheep; species; ticks
• CAVE DWELLING ANIMALS IN IRAQ PART 2: SYSTEMATIC NOTES ON THE NUTHATCH OF THE FAMILY SITTIDAE (AVESPASSERIFORMES) IN IRAQ WITH ADDING SOME IMPORTANT KNOWLEDGE TO THE NEST BUILDING OF SITTATEPHRONOTA SHARPE, FROM BESAN VALE HAWRAMAN SLOPE, IRAQI KURDISTAN by Afrasiab, Saman R. (2011) - S. kurdistanica, From dihok, S. neumayer,From Zakhow,S. europaea From Gali Alibag north Irbil, S. dresseri. This nuthatch was classified by Ticehurst 1923 as S. neumayer kurdistanica, but Mlikovsky, 2007. Keywords: iraq; nest; nuthatch; sitta; species
• DISPERSAL OF HARD TICKS (ACARI, IXODIDAE) ON SHEEP OVIS ARIES LINNAEUS, 1758 IN DIFFERENT REGIONS OF IRAQ by Zainab A. Makawi (2025) - The results of the current research identified eight species of hard ticks belonging to two genera, Hyalomma C. L. Koch, 1844 and Rhipicephalus Koch,1844 and belonging to the Ixodidae family, as follows: Hyalomma anatolicum Koch, 1844, H. excavatum Koch, 1844, H. impeltatum Schulze & Schlottke, 1930, H. scupense Schulze, 1919, Rhipicephalus bursa Canastrini & Fanzago, 1878, R. camicasi Morel, Mouchet & Rodhain, 1976, R. sanguineus Latreille, 1806, and R. turanicus Pomerantsev, 1936. Keywords: Cox1 gene, Hard ticks, Hyalomma, Rhipicephalus,12S gene. Keywords: camicasi; iraq; natural; rhipicephalus; sheep; species; study; ticks
• A NEW RECORD OF AMMATOMUS RUFONODIS (RADOSZKOWSKI, 1877) (HYMENOPTERA, CRABRONIDAE, BEMBICINAE) FROM IRAQ by Shatha Abdullateef Hamodee; Maan Abdul Azeez Shafeeq (2025) - Les Ammatomus A. Costa (Hym., Sphecidae) de la région paléarctique occidentale et centrale –Gatunki rodzaju Ammatomus A. Costa (Hym., Sphecidae) zachodniej i środkowej Palearktyki. Published: 20 December 2025 This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License ABSTRACT The present study reports the first record of Ammatomus rufonodis (Radoszkowski, 1877) for insect fauna of Iraq. Keywords: ammatomus; history; iraq; male; museum; natural; rufonodis; species
• TUMBLING FLOWER BEETLES (COLEOPTERA, MORDELLIDAE) OF IRAQ by Abdul-Rassoul, M. S. (2010) - Results show that the tumbling flower beetles (Mordellidae) are represented with a total of 13 species belonging to four genera of three tribes, two of these species were described by Dr. Horak (1985,1990) as new species for Iraq Mediimorda maceki HoraK and Mordellistena bolognaHorak; two were previously reported Stenalia escherichi Schilsk and Mordellistena pumila (Gyllenhal) and ten are new records for Iraq. Mordellistena bologna Horak, 1990 (1) Mearawa (Arbil) ,28. Keywords: horak; iraq; mordellidae; mordellistena; species
• CONTRIBUTION TO THE KNOWLEDGE OF THE GENUS CHALCOPHORELLA KERR. 1903(COLEOPTERA: BUPRESTIDAE) IN THE NORTH OF IRAQ (KURDISTAN REGION) by Ali, Wand Kh. (2010) - key to the species of genus Chalcophorella in Kurdistan region. Survey and Morphological study Specimens were collected from the different parts of Kurdistan governorates (Erbil, Sulaimanyia, Dohuk) during April 2008 to the end of November 2008 by the beating and sweeping net or directly with hands on trees, after that specimens were killed then pinned, mailto:mail:wand2iq@gmail.com 18 The Knowledge of the Genus Chalcophorella labeled and prepared for identification, Dried specimens of Chalcophorella spp. were relaxed in warm water for about 20 minutes, then dissected into several large parts, which were further softened and cleared of non-chitenous material in a 10% solution of warm KOH.The genitalia of species were dissected. Keywords: buprestidae; chalcophorella; coleoptera; genus; iraq; species
• FIRST RECORD OF FIVE NEMATODE SPECIES IN SOME WATER BIRDS FROM AL-HAMMAR MARSH, SOUTH OF IRAQ by Al-Salim, Nadirah K.; Ali, Atheer H. (2010) - Male (10 specimens) Body length 3339-4644 (4133), maximum width 126-198 (172) in midbody, width of body 61-81 (68) at nerve ring level, and 74-90 (82) at cloaca level, nerve ring and excretory pore 115-137 (124) and 160-306 (207) respectively from anterior end, vestibule 20-27 (24) in length and 7-11 (9) in width, muscular esophagus 94-151 (124) in length and 18-34 (25) in width, glandular esophagus 369-459 (387) in length and 40-72 (55) in width, ratio of 41 N. K. Al-Salim and A. H. Ali muscular esophagus to glandular esophagus 1:2.5-3.6 (1:3.1), whole esophagus length represented 10.9-13.2 (12.2) % from body length, valve 11-13 (12) in length and 30-39 (34) in width, spicules dissimilar and unequal (fig. 1-2), longer spicule (right) slender with pointed sharp distal end, shorter spicule (left) twisted with ventrally curved distal end. Length of right spicule 207-416 (355) about 6.2-10.8 % from body length, left spicule 110-160 (135) in length about 2.9-4.2 % from body length, ratio of spicules 1:1.9-3 (2.5) %. Keywords: anterior; birds; body; end; esophagus; host; iraq; length; moravec; nematode; species; width
• PARASITIC FAUNA OF FISHES IN BAHR AL-NAJAF DEPRESSION, MID IRAQ by Al-Joborae, Fadhil F.; Mhaisen, Furhan T.; Al-Awadi, Haytham M. H. (2010) - Babylon, Hilla, Iraq ABSTRACT During a period of two years, from January 1995 till December 1996, the first survey on fish parasites in Bahr Al-Najaf depression, mid Iraq, was achieved. Infection distribution of fish parasites in Basrah province and pathological effects of Saprolegnia sp. and its susceptibility to some plant extracts. Keywords: abu; fish; fishes; iraq; mhaisen; parasites; species; study; univ
• NEW SUB-SPECIES OF CHUKAR PARTRIDGE ALECTORIS CHUKAR (GRAY 1830) (PHASIANIDAE, GALLIFORMES) FROM NORTH EAST OF IRAQ WITH BIOLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS by Lahony, Saman S.; Al-Rawy, Mohamad A. (2010) - Detailed descriptions of the new subspecies Alectoris chukar asoica ssp.n and criteria to separate it from other subspecies which are known from Iraq and the newly recoded subspecies A.c. sinaica are given in table 1. 45 × 39 37 × 26 39× 27 40 × 30 Voice (rally call) Chukak kra Chukak Kwa or mixing voice Chukaklik or whstling Chukak kra Alectoris chukar asoica ssp.n.: Keywords: a.c; alectoris; chukar; iraq; new; species; subspecies; zone
• SEASONAL ABUNDANCE OF THIRD INSTAR LARVAE OF FLIES (ORDER: DIPTERA) ON THE EXPOSED CARCASSES by Abdul-Rassoul, M. S.; Augul, Razzaq SH.; Al-Saffar, Hanaa H. (2009) - Hanski (1987 a) found that maggots of the Calliphorid Lucilia sericata were the 1st to occupy the carcasses in Spring, this species was able to breed successfully in carrion in fall, Winter and Spring, also the species had only few third instar were observed on carcasses in Summer during July (Tantawi et al., 1996), these notes were similar to Ullyett (1950) who found that species breeding in carrion occurred mainly in Winter . Two families (Calliphoridae and Sarcophagidae), were recorded with highest rate in Calliphoridae species. Keywords: calliphoridae; carcasses; carrion; diptera; instar; larvae; rate; species
• RECORD OF TWO SPECIES OF THE MONOGENETIC TREMATODES GENUS DACTYLOGYRUS FOR THE FIRST TIME IN IRAQ ON GILLS OF THE CYPRINID FISH ALBURNUS CAERULEUS by Balasem, Abbas N.; Mhaisen, Furhan T.; Asmar, Kasim R.; Al-Jawda, Jawdat M.; Adday, Thamir K. (2009) - With the present record, the total number of Dactylogyrus species in freshwater fishes of Iraq reached 51 species. In Iraq, monogeneans are considered as the major group of parasites of freshwater fishes (Mhaisen, 2006). Keywords: fishes; iraq; mhaisen; species
• NEW RECORD OF THRIPS SPECIES (THYSANOPTERA: THRIPIDAE) FROM MIDDLE OF IRAQ by Hamodi, Awatif Abdul-Fatah; Abdul-Rassoul, M. S. (2009) - Brief descriptions of new Thysanoptera. Brief descriptions of new Thysanoptera. Keywords: baghdad; bull; ent; females; nat; soc; species; thrips; thysanoptera
• DISTINCTION BETWEEN TWO SPECIES OF THE GENUS EXOCHOMUS REDTENB. (COLEOPTERA : COCCINELLIDAE) IN IRAQ by Swail, M. A. (2009) - IN IRAQ M. A. Swail College of Scince, University of Wasit, Wasit ABSTRACT The present paper attempts to establish a distinction between Exochomus negripennis (Er.) and E. quadripustulatus L., depending on the characters of femoral line, male genitalia and spermatheca. Four male of E. quadripustulatus were borrowed from Entomology Department-Iraq Natural History Museum, Baghdad. Keywords: brown; negripennis; species
• KEYS FOR IDENTIFICATION FOR GENERA AND SPECIES OF THRIPS (THYSANOPTERA : THRIPIDAE) FROM MIDDLE OF IRAQ by Hamodi, Awatif Abdul-Fatah; Abdul-Rassoul, M. S. (2008) - 2 2- Antennae 7 segmented………………………...……………………….………………...…3 -Antennae 8-9 segmented………………………....…………………………………….…...5 3- One short pair seta on hind angel of Pronotum, 4-5 pairs microseta’s on posterior margin, 1-8 chitin structure on posterior abdomenal margins, wing seta few, distance at arranged, brown-yellowish in color. Fore and hind Pronotum angels proved 1-2 long seta, abdomenal segmented carried a microseta or none………………………………………………………......……..………..9 - Fore Pronotum angels without seta, hind angel with 1-2 prominent seta, that’s on tip abdomenal strong……………………………………………………………………..……7 7- One seta at each hind angel of Pronotum or none, comb present, different in size and color…………………………………………………………..…………….…………...…8 - 2 seta at each hind angel of Pronotum, no microseta at abdomenal segment, brown- yellowish in color (Fig.6)………………………….………Taeniothrips Amyot & Serville Keywords: abdomenal; ent; segment; seta; species; thrips; thysanoptera; wing
• KEYS FOR IDENTIFICATION OF GENERA AND SPECIES OF THRIPS (THYSANOPTERA: THRIPIDAE) FROM MIDLE OF IRAQ by Hamodi, Awatif Abdul-Fattah; Abdul-Rassoul, M. S. (2004) - Thrips L. 1- Abdomenal sternites 2-8 provide with a ccsossary seta, lateral target of abdomenal segment without micro seta, Ovipositor short, base of sixth antennal segment convex, large species 1.4-1.5 mm in length, brown-yellowish in color (Fig,11)………………..meridionalis(Priesner) - Abdomenal segmented without a ccsossary seta, lateral target with micro seta, ovipositor long, base of sixth antennal segment circular, o.9-1.5 mm in length, pale yellowish, brown- yellowish in color, wild distribution (Fig.3)……………………………………………tabaci Lindeman Key to the Iraqi species of Scolothrips Hinds 1- First spot’s wing attach the fore margin, antennae segmented 2-8 shaded with grayish color, lateral segments 3, 4 not circular (Fig.12)…….……………………………sexmaculatus (Pergande) - First spot’s wing not attaches the fore margin, antennal segments 2-8 not shaded, lateral segmented 3, 4 circular (Fig. 9)………….pallidus (Beach) 11 A. A. Hamodi et al Key to the Iraqi genera of family Thripidae: 1- Reticulum at whole body, antennae heliothripod, Pronotum equal at anterior and posterior margins, more longer that the lateral, three callosities on fore wing, ambient vein present, posterior margin of abdominal segmented with a strongly structure like teeth on each sides, comb present, dark brown color on Vitis leaf (fig.1) ……………………………………………………..Retithrips Marchal - Not as above……………………………………………………... Keywords: chirothrips; identification; key; segment; seta; species; wing
• THE HAEMOPROTEIDS OF THE AVIAN FAMILY SCOLOPACIDAE IN IRAQ WITH DESCRIPTION OF A NEW SPECIES by Mohammad, Mohammad K. (2004) - Width 2.1(0.3) 2.2(0.4) Area 10.1(0.8) 10.9(0.2) % area of total cell 18.1 19.3 Erythrocyte parasitized by macrogametocyte N 25 20 Length 12.7(0.7) 12.9(1.1) Width 6.6(0.3) Microgametocyte nucleus Length 5.2(0.7) 5.1(0.2) Width 2.4(0.5) 2.3(0.3) Area 10.3(1.8) 9.8(0.7) % area of parasite 30 25.1 Note: Linear measurements in micronmeters, areas in squared micrometers, hypertrophy as +, atrophy as -, standard deviation in parenthesis. Keywords: area; host; iraq; length; mohammad; parasite; species
• THE PARASITIC FAUNA AND THE FOOD HABITS OF THE WILD JUNGLE CAT FELIS CHAUS FURAX DE WINTON, 1898 IN IRAQ by Mohammad, Mohammad K. (2004) - No reports were available on endoparasites of wild jungle cat in Iraq, but only few studies concerning helminths in the gastrointestinal canal of domestic cat, Felis catus L. had been carried out (Shaheen et al., 1962; Toxocara canis was reported from wild cat Felis silvestris, F. onca, Iberian lynx Lynx pardinus, red fox Vulpes vulpes, wolf Canis lupus and jackal Canis aureus (York and Maplestone, 1962; Keywords: cat; cats; family; felis; infection; iraq; mammals; mohammad; order; parasites; species; specimens; study
• DIAGNOSIS OF SOME PATHOGENIC FUNGI ON SELECTED LOCAL WOODS by Ali, H. A.; Abd Ali, Basim A.; Shaker, Goner A. (2003) - Error 18 0.167 Total 26 **: Significant at 0.01 leve It is shown in table (3) that maximum disease index was obtained on Juglans wood by Penicillium. While Penicillium was the dominant fungus on Morus, it could not be isolated from Eucalyptus wood. Keywords: aspergillus; fungi; juglans; penicillium; species; wood
• NEW RECORDS OF SOME MITE SPECIES INHABITING SOIL IN BAGHDAD by Mahmood, Souhaila H. (2003) - Investigation on soil acari fauna in Iraq is scarce. It consisted of a 6.3 cm diameter cylinder narrowing to 5.8 cm at the cutting edge, to avoid compression of soil sample. Keywords: acari; family; fauna; iraq; mites; soil; species
• OCCURRENCE OF SOME FISH PARASITES IN AL-MADAEN DRAINAGE NETWORK, SOUTH OF BAGHDAD by Mhaisen, Furhan T.; Al-Khateeb, Ghassan H.; Balasem, Abbas N.; Al-Shaikh, Sadik M. J.; Al-Jawda, Jawdat M.; Mohammad-Ali, Najah R. (2003) - This fish (with its highest parasitic fauna) represents a real 43 F.T. Mhaisen et al. threat to farm fishes as it can enter fish farms even through outlet water via the drainage network and hence can carry some parasites to farm fishes. Natural enemies of farm fishes with special emphasis on fish farms of Iraq. Keywords: abu; fish; fishes; host; iraq; mhaisen; press; species
• BLOOD PARASITES OF THE BABBLERS OF IRAQ by Mohammad, Mohammad K. (2002) - Mus. (2002) 9 (4): 33-40 BLOOD PARASITES OF THE BABBLERS OF IRAQ Mohammad K. Mohammad Iraq Natural History Museum, University of Baghdad, Bab Al-Muadham, Baghdad, Iraq ABSTRACT A survey of blood parasites among members of two species of Iraqi babblers Timaliidae, Turodoides caudatus salvadori (de Fillipi, 1865) and Turdoides alterostris (Hartert, 1909) was carried out in the middle and south of Iraq. Bennett et al. (1982) reported that 127 of them were examined for blood parasites in different areas of the world. Keywords: bennett; blood; haemoproteus; iraq; parasites; species
• THE PARASITIC FAUNA OF THE MOORHEN GALLINULA CHLOROPUS CHLOROPUS L. IN THE MIDDLE OF IRAQ by Mohammad, Mohammad K.; Al-Moussawi, Azhar A.; Jasim, Mohammad K. (2002) - In Iraq, Mahmoud and Mohammad (1989) found this cestode the most common among other parasites of the coot Fulica atra L. in Baghdad area and concluded that the intermediate host is more common in the diet of the host. Mus. (2002) 9 (4): 41–49 THE PARASITIC FAUNA OF THE MOORHEN GALLINULA CHLOROPUS CHLOROPUS L. IN THE MIDDLE OF IRAQ Mohammad K. Mohammad Azhar A. Al-Moussawi Mohammad K. Jasim Iraq Natural History Museum- University of Baghdad , Bab Al-Muadham, P.O. Box 59037 Baghdad, Iraq ABSTRACT Examination of the blood and the alimentary canal of moorhens in two sites around Baghdad area in the middle of Iraq showed that 38% of the examined birds were infected with one or more of the following parasites, Haemoproteus baghdadensis, H. gallinulae (Protozoa), Cyclocoelum mutbile (Trematoda), Diorchis inflata, Ligula intestinalis (Cestoda), Amidostomum fulicae and Porrcaecum sp. (Nematoda) .The Keywords: baghdad; birds; iraq; mohammad; moorhen; parasites; species
• HAEMOPROTEIDS OF THE AVIAN FAMILY RALLIDAE IN IRAQ WITH DESCRIPTION OF A NEW SPECIES by Mohammad, Mohammad K. (2001) - Mus. (2001) 9 (3): 51-56 HAEMOPROTEIDS OF THE AVIAN FAMILY RALLIDAE IN IRAQ WITH DESCRIPTION OF A NEW SPECIES Mohammad K. Mohammad Iraq Natural History Museum, University of Baghdad, Bab Al-Muadham, Baghdad, Iraq ABSTRACT A survey of haemoproteids among the eight species of Iraq rallids were carried out in the middle, south, and west of Iraq. It is of interest to study the haemoproteid parasites of Iraq rallids as a good number of specimens were available through the filed trips achieved by the staff of Iraq Natural History Museum. Keywords: haemoproteus; iraq; parasite; porzana; species
• HAEMATOZO`A OF THE AVIAN FAMILY PHASIANIDAE IN IRAQ by Mohammad, Mohammad K.; Jasim, Mohammad K.; Al-Moussawi, Azhar A. (2001) - 57-61 57 Mohammad et al. Baghdad, Iraq ABSTRACT A collection of 118 specimens of Iraqi phasianid birds belong to four species was examined for haematozoa. Keywords: birds; haemoproteus; iraq; mohammad; partridge; species
• A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF ECOLOGICAL AND GENETICAL ADAPTATION OF THREE IRAQI FRESH WATER SNAILS IN RESPECT TO HEAVY METAL POLLUTION by Sheriiff, H. A.; Delool, R. A. (2001) - A comparative study was carried out on ecological and genetical adaptation of three Iraqi freshwater snails, Physa acuta, Melanopsis buccinoidea and Melanoides tuberculata, in respect to acute toxicity of heavy metals (Zn, Cd and Hg). Previous exposure to heavy metals in the original habitat was affecting on experimental tolerance and no relationships of physical and chemical factors (total hardness, temperature, D. O. and sulphate) between original and experimental exposuring has been occurred. Keywords: acuta; adaptation; canal; concentrations; metals; physa; ppm; species; water; zinc
• NOTES ON SOME MITES UNDER CERTAIN FIELD CROPS IN CENTRAL IRAQ by Al-Douri, Zahida (2000) - Three mites, Irnpar(pes hystricinus, Scutacarus longitarsus, and Rhizoglyphus echin opus are new records for Iraqi mite fauna, and 11 are new host records in alfalfa soil. Mus. (2000) 9 (2):5-8 NOTES ON SOME MITES UNDER CERTAIN FIELD CROPS IN CENTRAL IRAQ Zahida Al-Douri Iraq Natural History Museum, University of Baghdad. Keywords: iraq; mites; soil; species
• A NEW SPECIES OF GENUS TRIALEURODES COCKERE FORM IRAQ (HOMOPTERA, ALEYRODIDAE) by Al-Malo, I. M.; Abdul-Rassoul, M. S. (2000) - Submarginal papillae nearly triangular in shape, with shape tip (Fig. 3)…………………………… I rara Singh.1931 - Subdorsal papillae large and rounded in shape, usually four pairs or more (Fig.4)…………………. Trialeurodes irakensis sp. n. is closely allied to T ricini but differs from it by the following character: operculum rectangular in shape fills half or less than of vasiform orifice: lingula exposed and extending up to tip of vasiform orifice or more. Keywords: iraq; shape; species
• COMPARATIVE ECOLOY OF TWO SPECIES OF BIVALVE CORBICULA FL UMINEA AND CORBICULE FL UMINALIS IN SHATT AL-ARAB by Daoud, Y. T. (2000) - Life history and production of the gastropod Theoduxusjordani in the shatt al-Arab River. Population Biology and production of Melanopsispraernorsa L. (Gastropoda) in the shatt al-Arab River. Keywords: arab; population; river; species
• BLOOD PARASITES OF TWO BEE-EATERS iN IRAQ by Mohammad, Mohammad K.; Al-Neaimi, Taha M. (2000) - Comparing the morphometric measurements of Haemoproteus meropis recorded by Bennett (1978) from Asian and African meropids with those of the present study revealed that the Iraqi specimens are more allied to African ones (table 2), while the differences noted between some morphometric parameters among the specimens of the present study and that reported by Bennett (1978) may be due to, in part, to their presence in different species of host birds. Bennett, 1978 and H. manwelli Bennett, 1978 for the first time in Iraq. Keywords: bee; bennett; eater; haemoproteus; host; species
• KEY TO THE SPECIES OF THE ORTHETRUM NEWMAN, 1833 (ODONATA, LIBELLULIDAE) WITH A NEW RECORD SPECIES IN IRAQ by Al-Hashmi, Asmaa Hassan; Al-Safar, H. H.; Augul, Razzaq Shalan (2018) - ……………….………..… O. chrysostigma (Burmeister) - Large species in plate (10 D), total length exceeding 5 cm; Cubital vein in hind wing emerging from the ulterior side of discoidal cell well afar from its rear angle (Pl.3 E ); Side of thorax without any pale stripe (Pl.8 F ); the male superior anal appendage twice as long as in inferior (Pl.7 E); female vulvar scale as in Plate (5 C) …………………………………………………………. In the present study, an identification key to species was made depending on the morphological characters, and followed by geographical distribution; these species included: O. anceps, O. brunneum, O. sabina, O. taeniolatum, O. chrysostigma and O. trinacria ; the first one is registered as a new record in Iraq. Keywords: iraq; key; odonata; orthetrum; plate; species; vein
• LIST OF INSECTS ASSOCIATED WITH MACROFUNGI IN TIKRIT CITY, SALAHADIN GOVERNORATE, IRAQ by Shugran, Ahmed Hamed Mahde; Augul, Razzaq Shalan; Al-Khesraji, Talib Owaid (2018) - El-Torkey, A. M., El-Gharbawy, A. A. and Abdel-Dayem, M. S. 2007. Lopes-Andrade, 2008); Iran (Amini et al., 2014); it is newly recoded in Iraq. Keywords: alam; beetles; coleoptera; distribution; district; family; insects; iraq; species; specimens
• STUDY ON DIVERSITY OF BEES (HYMENOPTERA, APOIDEA) FROM DIFFERENT REGIONS OF IRAQ by Augul, Razzaq Shalan (2018) - Andrena cordialis Morawitz, 1877 Global distribution: Iraq (Derwesh, 1965); Greece, Crete and Turkey (Grace, 2010). Global distribution: Iraq (Derwesh, 1965); Europe, North Africa, Turkey, China, Nepal, India and Uzbekistan (Huan–li and Tadauchi, 2008). Keywords: apoidea; bees; derwesh; distribution; egypt; grace; greece; halictus; hymenoptera; iran; iraq; israel; province; species; turkey
• ANNOTATED CHECKLIST OF REPTILIAN FAUNA OF BASRAH, SOUTH OF IRAQ by Afrasiab, Saman R.; Al-Moussawi, Azhar A.; Hadi, Hind D. (2018) - This situation gave Basrah province a topographic specific opportunity for raising its own faunal diversity including reptiles; in this study Basrah province was divided into four main zones: the cities and orchards, marshes and wetlands (sabkha), the true dessert, the seashore and Shat Al-Arab. The present study depended on the collection of the Iraq Natural History Research Center & Museum, University of Baghdad (INHRCM) and the Basrah Natural History Museum, University of Basrah, Basrah province with some recently specimens collected by the authors, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.26842/binhm.7.2018.15.1.0077 78 Annotated Checklist of Reptilian Fauna of Basrah brief descriptions and necessary measurements were presented along with specific descriptions and definitions for some important specimens. Keywords: afrasiab; basrah; family; iraq; province; snake; species
• REVISION OF THE FAMILY CHLOROPIDAE (DIPTERA) IN IRAQ by Al-Saffar, Hanaa H. (2018) - The aim of this study is to survey and make to revision the genera and species of Chloropidae fauna of Iraq. Key words: Brachycera, Chloropidae, Diptera, Eye fly, Grass fly, Iraq. Keywords: chloropidae; diptera; family; flies; iraq; nartshuk; species
• OCCURRENCE AND REDESCRIPTION OF THRYSSA SETIROSTRIS (BROUSSONET, 1782) (CLUPIFORMES, ENGRAULIDAE) FROM IRAQI MARINE WATER by Khamees, N. R.; Adday, T. K.; Abed, J. M. (2018) - The identification of Thryssa species is usually based on combination of some characters such as the length of maxilla which may either being short (reach the preopercular), or medium (reach gill slits), or long (reach base of pectoral fins), or some even very long (reach pelvic fin base or beyond) (Whitehead et al., 1988). Bishop (2003) mentioned six species of Engraulidae off Kuwait, including three species of Thryssa but he didn’t mention T. setirostris. Keywords: fin; length; rays; species; stan; thryssa
• MOLECULAR IDENTIFICATION AND PHYLOGENETIC-TREE ANALYSIS OF MONIEZIA SPECIES FROM SHEEP IN AL-DIWANIYAH CITY by Ali, Mansour Jadaan; Abd Alfatlawi, Monyer Abdulameir; Karawan, Azhar Chafat (2018) - To study the evolution history of Moniezia species in the city of Diwaniyah, Iraq, the present study was initiated to evaluate the identity matching or mismatching of the city species with global species that belonging to this genus. Genetic characterization of Moniezia species in Senegal and Ethiopia. Keywords: 18s; city; gene; moniezia; sheep; species; study
• RECORDING OF TWO SPECIES OF THE GENUS DIPARTIELLA (RAABE, 1959) STEIN, 1961 (CLIOPHORA: TRICHODINIDAE) FOR THE FIRST TIME IN IRAQ FROM GILLS OF THE COMMON CARP CYPRINUS CARPIO by Abdul-Ameer, Kefah Naser; Atwan, Fatima Khalaf (2018) - More than 300 trichodinid ciliophoran species, representing 11 genera have been reported from the gills, skin, fins, urinary bladder as well as reproductive system of different fish species in the world (Asmat, 2014; Özer et al., 2015). Differential diagnosis of the genera in the family Trichodinidae (Ciliophora: Peritrichida) with the description of a new genus ectoparasitic on freshwater fish from southern Africa. Keywords: dipartiella; fishes; genus; gills; iraq; species; trichodinidae
• FAUNISTIC REVIEW OF THE GENUS CHAITOPHORUS KOCH, 1854 (APHIDIDAE, CHAITOPHORINAE, CHAITOPHORINI) WITH NEW RECORD SPECIES FOR IRAQ APHID FAUNA by Ali, Hayder Badry; Kamal, Ruia Safwan (2018) - During the current investigation, four species of the genus Chaitophorus Koch have been recorded to Iraq aphid fauna; the records information for these species is compared with previous checklists as above in addition to our collection; the key to the species of this genus is designed as follows: Key to Chaitophorus species on Iraq popular trees (apterous viviparae in spring): 1- Body oval, color in life dark green, blackish-brown to black……..................… Ch. nigritus - Body short-bodied, to elongate oval, color in life pale green to yellowish white…………..2 http://dx.doi.org/10.26842/binhm.7.2018.15.2.0145 146 Faunistic review of the genus Chaitophorus Koch Very little attention had been given to the study of this group in Iraq; a total of four species are now known from the genus Chaitophorus in Iraq, these species are Ch. euphraticus Hodjat, Ch. leucomelas Koch and Ch. nigritus Hille Ris Lambers (Kaddou, 1966; Daoud and El-Haidari, 1968; Al-Ali, 1977); in addition to Ch. populialbae (Boyer de Fonscolombe, 1841) which recorded here as new record species to aphid fauna of Iraq which are listed in the present study. Keywords: aphid; aphididae; chaitophorus; genus; iraq; koch; segment; species
• SURVEY OF THE MARINE FISHES IN IRAQ by Al-Faisal, Abbas J.; Mutlak, Falah M. (2018) - http://dx.doi.org/10.26842/binhm.7.2018.15.2.0163 164 Survey of the marine fishes The aim of the present study is to update the list of marine fish species based on a survey in them from the Iraqi marine waters for the period from November 2014 till March 2018. The previous studies have developed a database for the identification of marine fish species in Iraqi marine waters, but they have been based on fisheries or have been short term studies. Keywords: arabian; bloch; cuvier; families; fish; fishes; forsskål; gulf; iraq; marine; schneider; species; valenciennes; waters
• RECORD OF THE BARNACLE OCTOLASMIS ANGULATA (AURIVILLIUS, 1894) FROM THE GILLS OF THE CRAB PORTUNUS SEGNIS (FORSKÅL, 1775) OFF IRAQI MARINE WATERS by Adday, Thamir K.; Jassim, Abdul Al-Amer R.; Al-Waely, Akeel A. A. (2019) - The present study represents the first record of the barnacle species O. angulata that found attached on the gill crab P. segnis off the Iraqi waters of the Arabian Gulf. 227 Adday et al. Plate (1): Location and shape of the plates of O. angulata (40X). Keywords: angulata; barnacle; jeffries; length; octolasmis; segnis; species
• FIRST RECORD OF SOLOSTAMENIDES PAUCITESTICULATUS KRITSKY & ÖKTENER, 2015 (MONOGENOIDEA, MICROCOTYLIDAE) FROM GILLS OF ABU MULLET PLANILIZA ABU (HECKEL, 1843) FROM EUPHRATES RIVER OF SAMAWA CITY, SOUTHERN IRAQ by Al-Helli, Ammar M. S.; Ali, Atheer H.; Resen, Amjad K. (2019) - Fish taxonomy followed Coad (2010) and the common and scientific name of fish species were followed Froese and Pauly (2018). During extensive survey of parasites of freshwater fishes belong to ten families from two stations along Euphrates River near Samawa city, Al-Muthanna province, southwestern Iraq, unknown microcotylid specimens were detected from gills of P. abu in both stations. Keywords: abu; fishes; iraq; paucitesticulatus; river; solostamenides; species
• BIODIVERSITY STUDY OF ZOOPLANKTON IN SELECTED BAHR Al-NAJAF DEPRESSION, NAJAF GOVERNORATE, IRAQ by Albushabaa, Suhad Hameed H.; Al-Zurfi, Sadiq Kadhum Lafta; Tsear, Anam Ali (2019) - The current study aims to assess zooplankton diversity in Bahr Al-Najaf depression using diversity index, specimens were collected from five sites at Bahr Al-Najaf depression, Iraq during April 2017 to March 2018. This study was considered the first study at Bahr Al-Najaf depression; and the aim of the current study to assess zooplankton diversity using Shanon-Winner index, relative abundance index, constancy index, richness Index, and uniformity indexes. Keywords: bahr; diversity; index; najaf; nauplii; r ac; r r; site; species; study; zooplankton
• TWO NEW RECORDS OF THE GENUS APHODIUS ILLIGE, 1798 (COLEOPTERA: APHODIIDAE) IN IRAQTWO NEW RECORDS OF THE GENUS APHODIUS ILLIGE, 1798 (COLEOPTERA: APHODIIDAE) IN IRAQ by Abdulzahra, Ameer Ibrahim (2019) - Many specimens of genus Aphodius species were collected from agricultural regions where livestock are represent (Presence of dung) from different regions in the middle of Iraq (Babylon, Najaf and Karbala) by light trap containing ethyl alcohol (concentration of about 70%). The members of genus Aphodius are diagnosed according to the following features: size, length, mostly less than 2-10 mm and body more or less elongated. Keywords: aphodius; coleoptera; dung; genus; iraq; species
• RECORD OF GYRODACTYLUS BYCHOWSKIANUS BOGOLEPOVA, 1950 (MONOGENEA, GYRODACTYLIDAE) FOR THE FIRST TIME IN IRAQ FROM GILLS OF THE CYPRINID FISH ARABIBARBUS GRYBUS by Sheyaa, Fatima Abd Razak; Abdul-Ameer, Kefah Naser (2019) - Therefore, more surveys on fish parasites are needed to identify more species and to match the growing information on the parasitic fauna of freshwater fishes of Iraq. 289 Fatima Abd Razak Sheyaa and Kefah Naser Abdul-Ameer In Iraq, many species belonging to the genus Gyrodactylus were so far reported from freshwater fishes from various water bodies, among which some were reported from A. grypus; the following is list of these species with the mention of only the first record for each Gyrodactylus species from A. grypus: Gyrodactylus elegans Nordmann, 1832 from Diyala River (Ali et al., 1986), Gyrodactylus markevitschi Kulakovskaya, 1952 from the Euphrates River in Al-Musaib City (Al-Sa’adi, 2007), Gyrodactylus sprostonae Ling, 1962 and Gyrodactylus tincae Malmberg,1957 from Al-Graiat region at Tigris River at Baghdad province (Abdul-Ameer and Atwan, 2017), with the present record of G. bychowskianus, five of Gyrodactylus species so far reported from A. grypus in Iraq and the number of Gyrodactylus species from fishes of Iraq so far reaches 52 species in comparison with 25 Gyrodactylus species which were known from fishes of Iraq till 2013 according to Mhaisen and Abdul-Ameer (2013). Keywords: bychowskianus; fishes; gyrodactylus; iraq; species
• CHECKLISTS OF PARASITES OF FISHES OF AL-DIWANIYAH PROVINCE, IRAQ by Mhaisen, Furhan T.; Al-Mayali, Hadi M. H.; Al-Abodi, Hiba R. J. (2019) - Checklists of fish parasites of Al-Najaf Al-Ashraf province, Iraq. Checklists of fish parasites of Babylon province of Iraq, exclusive of farm fishes. Keywords: abu; carpio; diwaniyah; fish; fishes; gills; host; iraq; jadoaa; luteus; mhaisen; parasites; phylum; province; species
• A SURVEY OF WEEVILS (COLEOPTERA, CURCULIONOIDEA) FROM SOME LOCALITES OF KURDISTAN REGION- IRAQ, WITH NEW RECORDS TO THE ENTOMOFAUNA OF IRAQ by Akrawi, Halgurd Rashed Ismael; Mahmoud, Talal Tahir (2019) - All specimens collected by the first author are part of a Ph. D. study focused on the faunistic study of the Curculionoidea of Iraqi Kurdistan; all specimens are preserved in the Museum of Agriculture College, Duhok University, each of them bearing information about the place and date of collecting. Cooperative 330 A survey of weevils (Coleoptera, Curculionoidea) catalogue of Palaearctic Coleoptera Curculionoidea. Keywords: bulgaria; coleoptera; collecting; curculionoidea; distribution; duhok; greece; iraq; italy; materials; methods; russia; species; syria; turkey
• SURVEY WITH CHECKLIST OF THE INVASIVE INSECTS TO IRAQ by Augul, Razzaq Shalan; Al-Saffar, Hanaa H. (2019) - Moanas, A. M. H. and Abdul –Rassoul, M. S. 1989. White, I. M. and Elson-Harris, M. M. 1994. Keywords: citrus; diptera; distribution; et al; fly; fruit; hosts; invasive; iraq; journal; new; pest; province; record; species; specimens
• SEASONAL POPULATION ABUNDANCE OF THE CHRYSANTHEMUM APHIDS (HOMOPTERA, APHIDIDAE) IN THE MIDDLE OF IRAQ WITH PICTORIAL KEY TO SPECIES by Ali, Hayder B. (2017) - ABSTRACT This study was based on the determination of aphid species that infested Chrysanthemum sp. (Asterales, Asteraceae) in the middle of Iraq; five aphid species belong to subfamily Aphidinae were recorded: Aphis fabae Scopoli, 1763, Aphis gossypii Glover, 1877, Coloradoa rufomaculata (Wilson, 1908), Macrosiphoniella sanborni (Gillette, 1908) and Myzus persicae (Sulzer, 1776). A summary of the main taxonomic characters is presented here and a pictorial key which was designed to separate aphid species colonizing Chrysanthemum sp. is also presented. Keywords: aphid; body; chrysanthemum; iii; iraq; length; siph; species
• ANATOMICAL STUDY OF SOME SPECIES BELONGING TO THE PAPAVERACEAE FAMILY IN NORTH OF IRAQ by Al-Mousawi, Ula M. Noor; Al-Waheeb, Alla N.; Al-Saadi, Sahar A.A. Malik (2019) - The current study showed six types of trichomes that present in Papaveraceae species (Pl. 6): 1- Non-glandular long biseriate hairs in P. fugax, P. macrostomum and R. refracta. The results showed that the anticlinal cell walls of the adaxial surface were more thickened in P. fugax, H. pendulum, P. macrostomum and R.refracta, while it was thin in P. rhoeas. Keywords: cells; fugax; macrostomum; p. rhoeas; papaveraceae; refracta; rhoeas; species
• THE DIURNAL BIRDS OF PREY (RAPTORS) IN THE MESOPOTAMIAN MARSHES OF SOUTHERN IRAQ WITH NOTES ON THEIR CONSERVATION STATUS by Al-Sheikhly, Omar F.; Al-Azawi, Ahmad J. (2019) - Peregrine Falcon Falco peregrines (Tunstall, 1771) (LC) https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johann_Gottlieb_Fleischer https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coenraad_Jacob_Temminck https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marmaduke_Tunstall 390 The diurnal birds of prey (Raptors) in the Mesopotamian marshes Uncommon winter visitor and passage migrant to the marshy lakes and open shallow seasonal wetlands of Mesopotamian marshes where large flocks of water birds are congregating; it has been recorded in southern marshes by Cumming (1918), Donald (1919), Ticehurst et al. (1922), and Scott and Carp (1982). ABSTRACT Birds of prey (Raptors) are top predator avian species that many migrate annually through Mesopotamian marshes in southern Iraq toward their wintering grounds in Arabia and Africa, while others are breeding residents; however, information on their current status is scarce. Keywords: birds; eagle; et al; iraq; marshes; mesopotamian; migrant; passage; prey; province; raptors; scott; sheikhly; southern; species; visitor; winter
• FIRST RECORD OF THE CELLAR SPIDER GENUS NITA HUBER & EL-HENNAWY, 2007 (ARANEAE, PHOLCIDAE) FROM IRAQ by Baker, Ishraq Mohammed; Ali, Hayder Badry; Fadhil, Hula Younis (2019) - A short morphological description is also presented for cellar spiders listed in Iraq; including this species in addition to Artema Atlanta Walckenaer, 1837. INTRODUCTION Family Pholicidae C. L Koch, 1850 is commonly known as cellar spiders or daddy long- legs, vibrating spiders, and other common names, according to their distribution which consists of a large number of manly tropical web-weaving spiders. Keywords: araneae; hennawy; huber; iraq; species; spiders
• RE-DESCRIPTION OF THE LAST INSTAR LARVAE OF CAPNODIS TENEBRIONIS (LINNAEUS, 1760) (COLEOPTERA, BUPRESTIDAE) DEPENDING ON SCANNING ELECTRON MICROSCOPE by Jalil, Pshtiwan A.; Ali, Wand K. (2019) - First description of larval stages of Aleochara pseudochrysorroa Caron, Mise & Klimaszewski, 2008. Mus. (2019) 15 (4): 413-424 إعادة وصف الطور اليرقي ألاخير لحشرة (Coleoptera, Buprestidae) Capnodis tenebrionis Linnaeus, 1760 باألعتماد على املجهر الالكتروني املاسح **و وند خالص علي* بشتيوان عبدهللا جليل قسم وقاية النبات، كلية علوم الهندسة الزراعية، جامعة صالح الدين، أربيل، العراق* قسم علوم الحياة، كلية التربية، جامعة صالح الدين، أربيل، العراق** 92/09/9702: ، تأريخ النشر 72/07/9702: ، تأريخ القبول 92/70/9702: Keywords: anterior; buprestidae; capnodis; coleoptera; fig; larvae; margin; segment; species; stage; study; tenebrionis; width
• COMPARATIVE ANATOMICAL AND HISTOLOGICAL STUDY OF SOME ORGANS IN TWO FISH SPECIES CYPRINUS CARPIO LINNAEUS, 1758 AND MESOPOTAMICHTHYS SHARPEYI (GÜNTHER, 1874)(CYPRINIFORMES, CYPRINIDAE) by Akoul, Marwa Azeez; AL-Jowari, Suha Abdul-Khaliq (2019) - 432 Comparative anatomical and histological study of some organs in two fish species Pancreas of C. carpio within liver tissue showed: exocrine acinar cell, islet of Langerhans and hepatic portal vein; intralobular pancreatic duct and interlobular pancreatic duct (Pl. Within liver tissue (hepatopancreas) showed exocrine acinar cell (black arrow), islet of Langerhans (arrow head) and hepatic portal vein (double arrow), hepatocyte (yellow arrow), intralobular pancreatic duct (green arrow), (B) Keywords: arrow; carpio; fish; liver; pancreas; results; sharpeyi; species; study
• REVISION OF THE FAMILY SPHECIDAE (HYMENOPTERA, APOIDEA) IN IRAQ by Augul, Razzaq Shalan (2019) - Chlorion funereum Gribodon, 1879 Synonyms: Sphex eximius Kohl, 1885 Sphex funereus Kohl, 1885 Sphex kohli Ed. Sphex Linnaeus, 1758 Sphex flavipennis Fabricius, 1793 Synonyms: Ammophila flavipennis Valetta, 1979 Pepsis flavipennis Fabricius, 1804 Pelopaeus flavipennis Stephens, 1829 Sphex bicolor Dahlbom, 1845 Sphex cinereorufocinctus Dahlbom, 1845 Sphex sellae Gribodo, 1873 Materials (2 specimens): Dohuk, Gara Mountain, (2♀♀) 18.vi.2019. Keywords: africa; algeria; ammophila; asia; augul; distribution; iran; iraq; kazakhstan; species; specimens; sphecidae; sphex; synonyms
• TAXONOMIC STUDY OF GENUS CERCERIS LATREILLE, 1802 (HYMENOPTERA, CRABRONIDAE) IN IRAQ by Augul, Razzaq Shalan (2017) - Mus. (2017) 14 (3): 197-204 TAXONOMIC STUDY OF GENUS CERCERIS LATREILLE, 1802 (HYMENOPTERA, CRABRONIDAE) IN IRAQ Razzaq Shalan Augul Iraq Natural History Research Center and Museum, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq Email: razzaqshalan@gmail.com Received Date: 31.January.2017 Accepted Date: 16.April.2017 ABSTRACT This study provides a Key to the species of Cerceris Latreille, 1802 (Hymenoptera, Crabronidae, Philanthinae) that were collected from different areas in Iraq. Members of Cerceris Latreille, 1802 (Hymenoptera; Crabronidae), is the largest genus of this family, with over 864 described species (Pulawski, 2017). Keywords: cerceris; distribution; hymenoptera; iraq; morice; species; sphecidae
• PALEOBATHYMETRY ANALYSIS OF LIMESTONE IN BONGOMEME REGION BASED ON CONTENT OF BENTHIC FORAMINIFERA FOSSIL, GORONTALO DISTRICT, INDONESIA by Permana, Aang Panji; Pramumijoyo, Subagyo; kmaluddin, A (2020) - The study aims to discover the species of benthic foraminifera fossils and to determine the paleobathymetry to the studied regions. This research aims to identify the species of benthic foraminifera fossil containing in Bongomeme limestone and to determine the paleobathymetry. Keywords: analysis; area; bongomeme; foraminifera; fossils; limestone; paleobathymetry; research; species; table
• NEW DESCRIPTION OF THE LARVAL STAGE OF LATIPALPIS (PALPILATIS) JOHANIDESI NIEHUIS, 2002 (COLEOPTERA, BUPRESTIDAE) FROM ERBIL PROVINCE, KURDISTAN REGION, IRAQ by Jalil, Pshtiwan A.; Ali, Wand K. (2020) - Latipalpis johanidesi Niehuis, 2002ساق البلوط (Coleoptera, Buprestidae ، Although, some similarities were noticed between larvae of Latipalpis, Lamprodilla and Psiloptera, in which Latipalpis larva have a distinctive character in the pronotal groove anteriorly and strongly bifurcated prosternal groove posteriorly; furthermore, the noticeable tubercles of the metathorax confirms the subgeneric separation of the genus and shows that L. johanidesi belongs to the subgenus Palpilatis (Bily, 1980). Keywords: buprestidae; coleoptera; genus; johanidesi; larval; latipalpis; sclerite; segment; species
• FIVE DIATOM SPECIES IDENTIFIED BY USING POTENTIAL APPLICATION OF NEXT GENERATION DNA SEQUENCING by Al-Meshhdany, Warqaa Yehia; Hassan, Fikrat M. (2020) - 52 Five diatom species identified Diagram (7): Phylogenetic tree of Achnanthidium minutissimum based on 18S rRNA gene sequences conferred by GeneBank data base, were analyzed and aligned through BLAST from NCBI using the Neighbor-Joining Analyses of 778bp of corresponding position of 18S rRNA gene sequence. 53 Al-Meshhdany and Hassan Diagram (9):Phylogenetic tree of Gomphonema pumilum based on 18S rRNA gene sequences conferred by GeneBank data base, were analyzed and aligned through BLAST from NCBI using the Neighbor-Joining Analyses of 1110 bp of corresponding position of 18S rRNA gene sequence. Keywords: 18s; analysis; diatoms; dna; et al; gene; iraq; ngs; number; rrna; sequence; sequencing; species; tree; water
• NEW RECORD OF PLEUROBRACHIA PILEUS (O. F. MÜLLER, 1776) (CTENOPHORA, CYDIPPIDA) FROM CORAL REEF, IRAQI MARINE WATERS by Mohammed, Hanaa Hussein; Ali, Malik Hassan (2020) - 86 New record of Pleurobrachia pileus The examined materials of P. pileus were conserved in alcohol and placed in the marine collection at the Ocean genome legacy aquatic museum laboratory at the Marine Science Center/ University of Basrah. Three samples were collected at this site during May 2015, February and March 2018 which showed that P. pileus were present at a densities of 3.0, 2.2 and 0.55 ind./ m3 respectively. Keywords: et al; marine; pileus; pleurobrachia; science; species; waters; zooplankton
• INCREASED PREFERENCE OF DARKLING BEETLES AKIS SUBTRICOSTATA REDTENBACHER, 1850 AND TRACHYDERMA PHILISTINA REICHE AND SAULCY, 1857 (COLEOPTERA, TENEBRIONIDAE) FOR VEGETATION WITH INCREASING TEMPERATURE by Ismail, Omar K.; Bartholomew, Aaron (2020) - Darkling beetles (Coleoptera, Tenebrionidae) are abundant, diverse, ecologically-important inhabitants of many arid and semi-arid environments worldwide (De los Santos et al., 2002; Saji and Al Dhaheri, 2011). The microbes within the guts of xerophilous darkling beetles break down dead plant material, so darkling beetles are also important for returning nutrients to desert soils (Ayal, 2007). Keywords: arena; arid; beetles; darkling; desert; species; temperatures; vegetation
• THE OCCURRENCE OF THREE MONOGENEAN PARASITE SPECIES FOR THE FIRST TIME IN IRAQ ON GILLS OF THE COMMON CARP CYPRINUS CARPIO LINNAEUS, 1758 (CYPRINIFORMES, CYPRINIDAE) by Al-Saadi, Abid Ali J.J.; Rasheed, Rabab A. (2016) - So, more surveys on fish parasites are needed to recognize more species and for increasing the information on the parasitic fauna of freshwater fishes of Iraq. Fish parasites: Pathobiology and production. Keywords: bar; fishes; gyrodactylus; iraq; parasites; species
• REVISION OF THE GENUS SINOXYLON DUFTSCHMID, 1825 (COLEOPTERA, BOSTRICHIDAE) WITH NEW RECORD OF SPECIES IN THE MIDDLE OF IRAQ by Budiewi, Ekhlas Abdul Jabbar; Al-Jassany, Radhi F.; Augul, Razzaq Shalan (2020) - (A, B, C from least to more frequent, sequentially) 130 Revision of the genus Sinoxylon Duftschmid, 1825 Plate (3): Ventral view of abdomen in S. muricatum; (A) Male, (B) Female. median lobe Tg: tegmen)) Plate (4): Female genitalia of S. muricatum (IV: Inner valve; MV: Median valve; OV: Outer valve) 132 Revision of the genus Sinoxylon Duftschmid, 1825 LITERATURE CITED Akhter, K. 2005. Keywords: iraq; muricatum; sinoxylon; species; trees
• MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION OF CONTRACAECUM RUDOLPHII HARTWICH, 1964 (NEMATODA: ANISAKIDAE) FROM THE CORMORANT PHALACROCORAX CARBO IN IRAQ by Alqaisi, Amjed Qays; Al-Warid, Harith Saeed; Al-Moussawi, Azhar A. (2020) - In this study, some insights have appeared regarding sibling species for the studied population of C. rudolphii; the sequences of ITS-1 for the first population had the highest similarity to ITS-1 sequence of C. rudolphii B, while the sequences of ITS-1 for the second population had the highest similarity to ITS-1 sequence of C. rudolphii A. GenBank Accession Number Identity G2 (Population I) MT012368 97.83% with C. rudolphii B (JQ071394 97.83% with C. rudolphii B (AJ634783) 96.38% with C. rudolphii A (JQ071415) 96.74% with C. rudolphii F(JF424597) G4 (population I) MT308994 97.87% with C. rudolphii B(JQ071394) 97.83% with C. rudolphii B (AJ634783) 96.45% with C. rudolphii A (JQ071415) 96.81% with C. rudolphii F(JF424597) G1 (population II) MT012367 98.55% with C. rudolphii A(JQ071414) 97.83% with C. rudolphii B (AJ634783) 96.46% with C. rudolphii F(JF424597) 144 Molecular characterization of Contracaecum rudolphii G3 (population II) MT012367 98.20% with C. rudolphii A(JQ071414) 97.09% with C. rudolphii B(JQ071394) 96.73% with C. rudolphii F(JF424597) Diagram (2): Phylogenetic tree of the aligned 31 ITS-1 sequences from Contracaecum spp. including 20 ITS-1 sequences of C. rudolphii, identified in this study and its relation to published sequences of C. rudolphii A, B and F using the PhyML program which is hosted at the http://www.phylogeny.fr/simple_phylogeny.cgi website DISCUSSION Keywords: carbo; contracaecum; genotypes; iraq; its-1; male; nematoda; nematodes; population; rudolphii; sequences; species; study
• MONITORING OF THE WILD MAMMAL FAUNA IN BAMO MOUNTAIN IN NORTHERN IRAQ (KURDISTAN) FOR THE FIRST TIME USING CAMERA TRAP METHOD AND RAISING AWARENESS FOR ITS CONSERVATION by Ahmed, Soran H.; Majeed, Soma I. (2020) - Map (1): A map of Bamo Mountain area (Extracted from Google Earth Software) with general landscape, seasonal vegetation and climate; (A) Bamo Mountain is situated within the Zagros Mountains in northern Iraq which is a suitable habitat for wild mammals. Keywords: bamo; bamo mountain; camera; fauna; iraq; leopard; mammals; mountain; persian; species; trap; wild
• COMPARATIVE STUDY OF SEVERAL MORPHOLOGICAL AND REPRODUCTIONAL ASPECTS FOR SOME SPECIES OF THE BELLEVALIA LAPEYROUSE, 1808 AND ORNITHOGALUM LINNAEUS, 1753 (ASPARAGALES, ASPARAGACEAE) IN CENTRAL AND NORTH OF IRAQ by Sa’eed, Najat Ameen; Al-Abide, Naglaa Mustafa; Al- Asi, Aqeel Husein Ali (2020) - Except for B. chrisii and B. flexuosa which were collected from Erbil - Kasnazan mounts they were with acute apex, and B. parva with tubular leaves, as in Plate (3), the other species were similar with their striped blade. The shape of the leaf’s base varied between flat in the B. saviczii, B. macrobotrys, B. kurdistanica, B. chrisii, O. brachystachys, O. neurostegium, O. pyrenaicum species; tapered in B. flexuosa, B. longipes and B. paradoxa and obtuse in B. parva. Keywords: b. kurdistanica; b. longipes; bellevalia; chrisii; fruit; ornithogalum; species; study
• A VEGETATIONAL STUDY OF THE LOVE CREEK NATURE CENTER BFRR1EN COUNTY, MICHIGAN HISTORICAL, PHYSICAL AND ECOLOGICAL FEATURES by Hamodie, Modhafer A. (2016) - Americana L. 2.08 3.94 1.74 7.76 Juglans nigra L. 0.89 1.52 4.35 6.76 Salix exigua Nutt. 1.04 1.82 1.41 4.27 Carya cordiformis (Wangenh.) 3.56 5.45 5.56 14.57 Liriodendron tulipifera L. 2.52 3.95 3.67 10.12 Tilia Keywords: area; berrien; center; county; creek; east; forest; love; love creek; marsh; meadow; michigan; michx; nature; soil; species; study; vegetation
• THE FALCONS (FALCONIFORMES, FALCONIDAE) VOUCHER COLLECTION IN THE IRAQ NATURAL HISTORY RESEARCH CENTER AND MUSEUM (INHM) by Hadi, Afkar M.; Hadi, Hind D.; Jassim, Suhad Y.; Yousif, Noor H. (2021) - Recently, Common Kestrel was recorded in Al-Chebaeish, Huwaiza, Al- Hammar and Central Marshes within the geographical range of the Mesopotamian marshes of southern Iraq by Al-Sheikhly and Al-Azawi (2019). A summary of birds recorded in the marshes of southern Iraq, 2005–2008. Keywords: collection; falcon; history; iraq; museum; natural; species; voucher
• FIRST RECORD OF OPILIO KAKUNINI SNEGOVAYA, COKENDOLPHER & MOZAFFARIAN, 2018 (ARACHNIDA, OPILIONES, PHALANGIIDAE) FROM IRAQ by Najim, Shurooq Abdullah; Al-Fayyadh, Mustafa Jawad (2021) - ♦Corresponding author: shurooq.najim@uobasrah.edu.iq Received Date: 06 January 2021, Accepted Date: 20 March 2021, Published Date: 20 Jun 2021 ABSTRACT The species of Opilio kakunini Snegovaya, Cokendolpher & Mozaffarian, 2018 was recorded for the first time in Iraq; as well as to four species belonging to this order which were recorded previously. Digital images of both male and female habitus, genitalia and brief comments are provided regarding the identification of Opilio species in Iraq. Keywords: denticles; iraq; kakunini; length; opilio; species
• SPERGULARIA IRAQENSIS (CARYOPHYLLACEAE), A NEW SPECIES FROM IRAQ by Haloob, Ali; Al-Musawi, Ali H. E.; Adeel, Harb (2021) - …………………………..……...……………..……... 4 4- Stipules long acuminate, Stamens 10………..…………..…………………..… S. iraqensis - Stipules acute, Stamens less than 8 …………………………………………………….... 5 5- Petals ovate-broadly oblong, Inflorescence with bracts and with dense short glandular hair, seeds light grey-light brown, broadly ovate, with dense long tubercles…............……………………...……………………. ……... S. media - Capsules less than 6 mm long ………………………………………………………….... Keywords: flora; iraq; iraqensis; long; species; spergularia
• ON THE ECOLOGY AND SPECIES DIVERSITY OF THE FRESHWATER GASTROPODS OF SPRINGS IN ANDIJAN REGION, UZBEKISTAN by Pazilov, Abduvaiet P.; Umarov, Farrukh U. (2021) - Their selection took into account the constant availability of spring water and its richness in hydrobionts. Table (1): Hydrochemical characteristics of spring water in Andijan region. Keywords: andijan; bulak; gastropods; mollusks; region; species; springs; water
• MULTIVARIATE ANALYSIS OF THE STEM ANATOMICAL CHARACTERS OF TERMINALIA L. (COMBRETACEAE) IN EGYPT by Waly, Nahed; Moustafa, Heba; Hamdy, Rim; Soliman, Ashraf (2021) - 366 Multivariate analysis of the stem Plate (1): Diagnostic features in Terminalia species; (A) Trichomes in T. brownii; (B) Lenticel in T. muelleri; (C) Druses in T. arjuna; (D) Clustered crystals filling large idioblasts in T. catappa; (E) Tannins in T. laxiflora; (F) Tylosis in T. mantaly. 367 Waly et al. Plate (2): Diagnostic features in Terminalia species; (A-C)intercellular canals lysogenous ducts; (A) 3 ducts in T. myriocarpa; (B)4 ducts in T. arjuna; (C) 5 ducts in T. muelleri; (D)septatefibres(Sf) in T. muelleri; (E) non- septatefibres (nsf) in T. brownii. Keywords: analysis; cells; characters; diameter; fiber; paratracheal; parenchyma; ray; species; stem; t. arjuna; t. brownii; t. catappa; terminalia; wood
• A NEW RECORD OF ZIZIPHORA SPECIES (LAMIACEAE) FOR IRAQ by Haloob, Ali (2016) - The morphological characters, habitat and geographical distribution of the species with a key to Ziziphora L. species in Iraq have been provided. After closer examination with the Flora of Turkey (Edmondson, 1982) and Flora Iranica (Rechinger, 1982), it was identified as Z. persica. Keywords: clinopodioides; iraq; species; ziziphora
• COMMON AND NEW RECORDS OF LICHENS FROM IRAQI KURDISTAN REGION, IRAQ by Aziz, Farhad Hasan; Qadir, Srwa Burhan (2018) - For the purpose of identification, different epilithic lichen species (lichens growing on rocks and on soil surface) were collected from periods of March, April and May, 2012 (wet season) and July, August and September, 2012 (dry season) in the 10 selected locations within Erbil governorate. The body of lichen is called thallus; the mycobiont and photobiont are either stratified in distinct layers or intermixed (Goward et al., 1994). Keywords: apothecia; aziz; black; brown; dark; erbil; grey; lichens; records; species; surface; thallus
• MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION OF ANISAKID NEMATODES HYSTEROTHYLACIUM SPECIES FROM JAPANESE THREADFIN BREAM NEMIPTERUS JAPONICUS (BLOCH, 1791) (PERCIFORMES, NEMIPERIDAE) FROM IRAQI MARINE WATER FISH by Bannai, Majid; Mohammed Jori, Muna ; Shamsi, Shokoofeh (2021) - Besides the most distinguishing characters among Hysterothylacium species based on the differences in length and ratio of digestive tracts of nematodes, viz esophagus length, intestinal caecum, appendage and the ratio of each character to each other, it was noted through the follow-up of the sequence of stillness and the different order of nitrogen bases and electron microscope images that there are clear changes among the species diagnosed in the order of the lips and the installation of folds in the outer wall of the parasite. Detailed information of alignment of the ITS and ITS-1sequence of anisakid nematode species present study with their genetic data including reference source, identical %, GenBank (ITS and ITS-1) reference, and geographical locality. Keywords: anisakid; characterization; et al; fish; gaps; hysterothylacium; larva; length; marine; nematodes; query; region; sbjct; sequence; species; study
• NEW RECORD OF THE LAND SNAIL POLYGYRA CEREOLUS (MEGERLE VON MÜHLFELD, 181 8 ) (GASTROPODA, STYLOMMATOPHORA, POLYGYRIDAE) FOR MALACOFAUNA OF IRAQ by Mohammed Jihad, Hiba; Badri Ali, Hayder (2021) - This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License ABSTRACT In this study, the specimens of land snails Polygyra cereolus (Megerle von Mühlfeldt, 1818) (Gastropoda, Stylommatophora, Polygyridae) are collected between March and April 2021 from gardens and nurseries in Baghdad province, this species was recorded as a new record to Iraq molluscan fauna. Land snails are poorly studied in Iraq; some records of land families, genera, and species of Iraq are available according to (Pallary, 1939; Germain, 1921; Biggs, 1959). Keywords: cereolus; iraq; land; polygyra; polygyridae; snail; species
• NUMERICAL TAXONOMY OF GENUS FICUS L. 1753 (MORACEAE), WITH ADDITION NEW RECORD SPECIES TO EGYPT by T. Soliman, Ashraf ; S. Hamdy, Rim; A. Mahdy, Riham (2021) - Lamina chartaceous, margin dentate, surface with sparse hair, 1-1.5 times as long as broad ………………………...……………………………………………………. Identification Key to the species of the subgenus Sycomorus: 1. Leaf arrangement opposite or alternate, lamina more than 12 cm long, fig when dry mostly smooth……………………………………………………………………………………..…... 2 - Leaf arrangement spiral, lamina 6-12 cm long, fig when dry mostly wrinkled ……..…….…. 5 2. Keywords: analysis; botanic; bracts; cai; characters; ficus; figs; garden; genus; giza; lamina; leaf; leaves; length; petiole; s.n; species; surface; taxa; width
• IMPACT OF THARTHAR ARM WATER ON COMPOSITION AND DIVERSITY OF COPEPODA IN TIGRIS RIVER, NORTH OF BAGHDAD CITY, IRAQ by S. Majeed, Osama ; J. M. Al-Azawi, Ahmed; R. Nashaat, Muhanned (2021) - 21 Megacyclops latipes (Lowndes, 1927) - - R R - - - - A A - - 22 Megacyclops magnus (Marsh, 1920) - - - - R - - - - - A - 23 Mesocyclops leuckarti (Claus, 1857) R R R R R R A A A A A Ac 24 Paracyclops sp. - - R R - - - - A A - - 25 P. affinis (Sars, 1863) - - R R R R - - A Ac A A 26 P. fimbriatus (Fischer, 1853) R R R R R R C Ac Ac C C C 27 P. phaleratus (Koch, 1838) R R R R - - A A Ac A - - 28 Thermocyclops hyalinus (Rehberg, 1880) - - - R - R - - - A - A 29 Cyclops sp. (♂) R R R R R R C C A Ac Ac C 30 Cyclops sp. R R R R R R Ac A C C C Ac 31 Immature Cyclopodia R La R R R La C C Ac Ac Ac C Harpacticoida 32 Nitokra lacustris (Schmankevich, 1875) R R R R R R Ac Ac Ac C Ac C 33 Harpacticoida (♂) R - - - - - A - - - - - 34 Immature Harpacticoida R R R R R R Ac Ac Ac C Ac C 35 Nauplii of Copepoda D D D D R - - - R R A - - - A A 13 A. vernalis (Fischer,1853) R R R - - R A A A - - A 14 Eucyclops agilis (Koch, 1838) R - - - - - A - - - - - 15 Ectocyclops sp. R R R R R R Ac C Ac Ac Ac Ac 16 Eucyclops agilis (Koch, 1838) R R - - R R Ac A - - A A 17 E. speratus (Lilljeborg, 1901) - - - R - - - - - A - - 18 E.macrurus (Sars,1863) - - R R R - - - A A A - 19 Halicyclops sp. R R R R R R Ac A A Ac Ac C 20 Macrocyclops albdius (Jurine, 1820) - - - R - - - - - A - - 477 Majeed et al. Keywords: arm; confluence; copepoda; et al; index; r ac; r r; river; site; species; tharthar; tigris; tigris river; values; water
• A SURVEY OF RUNNING CRAB SPIDERS PHILODROMIDAE (ARANEAE) OF ARMENIA by Zarikian, Noushig (2021) - New spider species of the Harpactea genus from Armenia (Aranei, Dysderidae). This work presents new faunistic records of Philodromidae spiders recently collected plus additional records from the NAS RA Scientific center of hydroecology and Zoology institute collections’ unpublished material. Keywords: aranei; armenia; distribution; mikhailov; philodromus; species; spiders; thanatus
• A MULTIVARIATE MORPHOMETRIC ANALYSIS OF THE GENUS LOTUS L., 1753 (FABACEAE, LOTEAE) FROM EGYPT by Gaafar, Ali; Abd El-Ghani, Monier ; El Hadidy, Azza ; Hussein, Ethar (2021) - and L. arenarius Brot., (V) Lotus edulis L., L. tetragonolobus L. and L. conjugatus L. and (VI) Lotus ornithopodioides L., L. peregrinus L., L. arabicus L. and L. hebranicus Hochst. Group (V) comprised of Lotus edulis L. (Sect. Krokeria), L. tetragonolobus L. and L. conjugatus L. (the latter two species included in Subgenus Tetragonolobus), and group (VI) included Lotus ornithopodioides L., L. peregrinus L., L. arabicus L. and L. hebranicus Hochst. Keywords: analysis; characters; egypt; genus; groups; l. l.; length; lotus; lotus l.; multivariate; pca; pod; species
• MORPHOLOGY AND MOLECULAR IDENTIFICATION OF THE LARVAL STAGE OF TWO SPECIES FROM THE GENUS CHRYSOBOTHRIS ESCHSCHOLTZ, 1829 (COLEOPTERA, BUPRESTIDAE) by A. Jalil, Pshtiwan; K. Ali, Wand (2021) - The current study investigates species limits and relationships among the recognized species occurring within the Erbil Province; mitochondrial cytochrome C oxidase (COX I) molecular analysis confirmed the monophyly of two Chrysobothris species, Ch. affinis (Fabricius, 1794) and Ch. chrysostigma (Linnaeus, 1758). DISCUSSION Being compatible with the characteristics used in the keys of the Buprestidae larvae published by Cobos (1986) and Bilý (1999), several morphological characters were selected to describe and identify the larvae of Chrysobothris species. Keywords: buprestidae; chrysobothris; coleoptera; dna; genus; identification; larval; margin; microspinulae; morphology; plate; sharp; species
• SURVEY OF INSECTS IN SOME SOUTHERN IRAQI MARSHES by H. Al-Saffar, Hanaa; Shalan Augul, Razzaq (2021) - Distribution: Iraq (Ali et al., 2007); New World and Neotropical Region (Schuh and Weirauch, 2020). Distribution: Iraq (Ali et al., 2007); Worldwide (Henry and Froeschner, 1988). Keywords: 2006; abdul; africa; ali; amr; augul; chibayish marshes; chironomus; coleoptera; distribution; et al; genus; hawizeh; hawizeh marshes; insects; iran; iraq; ischnura; journal; karim; kieffer; kuwait; libellula; marshes; material; maysan; ni'aaj; odonata; province; saffar; selys; southern; species; specimens; survey; synonyms; turkey
• FIRST PHOTOGRAPHIC RECORDS AND NEW DISTRIBUTION RANGE OF THE ENDANGERED LONG-TAILED NESOKIA NESOKIA BUNNII (KHAJURIA, 1981) by F. Al-Sheikhly, Omar ; Kryštufek, Boris ; Hutterer, Rainer ; K. Haba, Mukhtar ; A. Fazaa, Nadheer; H. Al-Asady, Ra’ad ; B. Mousavi, Sayed ; Ivajnšič, Danijel ; Lazaro, Javier (2021) - This distinct rodent was known from only five voucher specimens collected at the confluence of Tigris and Euphrates Rivers in southern Iraq while its occurrence in Southwestern Iran had https://doi.org/10.26842/binhm.7.2021.16.4.0635 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ 636 First photographic records never been reported. In 2007, an extraordinary photograph of a carcass of this species came to the light from Hawizeh Marsh which was interpreted as concrete evidence of the species’ persistence in the marshes of southern Iraq after the desiccation in the last century. Keywords: bunnii; et al; iran; iraq; kryštufek; marshes; mesopotamian; museum; nesokia; province; species
• INTESTINAL HELMINTH PARASITES OF THE EURASIAN MARSH FROG PELOPHYLAX RIDIBUNDUS (PALLAS, 1771) (AMPHIBIA: RANIDAE) COLLECTED IN AL-DIWANIYA CITY, MIDDLE OF IRAQ by Mohammad, Mohammad K.; Shubber, Habeeb W. K.; Al-Waaly, Ali B. M. (2015) - In Iraq it was recorded in the small intestines of Hyla arborea and Bufo viridis in central and northern Iraq (Al-Barwari and Nassir, 1983; Mohammad et al., 2010). Saeed et al. (2007) and Mohammad et al. (2010) found it in Rana ridibunda and Bufo viridis respectively in the north and middle of Iraq. Keywords: bufo; iraq; parasites; species; viridis
• UPDATED LIST OF AMPHIBIANS AND REPTILES IN IRAQ 2014 by Al-Barazengy, Ali N.; Salman, Adel O.; Hameed, Farah T. Abdul (2015) - Family: Hydropfiidae LC Hook-nosed Sea Snake, Beaked Sea Snake Enhydrina schistosa (Daudin, 1803) LC Slender Sea Snake, Graceful Small Headed Sea Snake Hydrophis gracilis (Shaw, 1802) CR= Critically Endangered EN= Endangered VU= Vulnerable NT= Near Threatened LC= Least Concern DD= Data Deficient NE= Not Evaluated The information local conservation status of the Fauna in Iraq are very few so that of the Herpetofauna in Iraq, in this list we used the global conservation status for each species according to the IUCN (2014c) LC Caucasian Rat Snake, Transcaucasian Rat Snake Zamenis hohenackeri (Strauch, 1873) Keywords: afrasiab; agama; amphibians; anderson; family; gecko; iraq; list; lizard; reptiles; snake; species
• DESCRIPTION OF THE PREDATOR BUSH CRICKET, SAGA EPHIPPIGERA FISCHER VON WALDHEIM, 1846 (ORTHOPTERA, TETTIGONIIDAE) FROM ERBIL PROVINCE, KURDISTAN REGION- IRAQ by Abdul- Qadir Salih Khidhir; Pshtiwan Abdullah Jalil; Wand Khalis Ali (2022) - Hence, S. ephippigera included two subspecies S. ephippigera ephippigera and S. ephippigera syriaca. BULLETIN OF THE IRAQ NATURAL HISTORY MUSEUM Iraq Natural History Research Center & Museum, University of Baghdad https://jnhm.uobaghdad.edu.iq/index.php/BINHM/Home Online ISSN: 2311-9799 Print ISSN: 1017-8678 https://doi.org/10.26842/binhm.7.2022.17.1.0015 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5848-498X https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6356-8021 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1090-7453 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ http://orthoptera.speciesfile.org/Common/basic/Taxa.aspx?TaxonNameID=1121518 https://jnhm.uobaghdad.edu.iq/index.php/BINHM/Home 16 BULLETIN OF THE IRAQ NATURAL HISTORY MUSEUM Description of the predator bush cricket Some species of Saginae are carnivorous while others feed on plant substances and achieve pest status; they survive winter in the egg stage (Kaltenbach, 1990); among the non-European Saga species, S. ephippigera has the broadest geographic range (Vrabec and Kocarek, 2005; Hochkirch et al., 2016). Keywords: brown; ephippigera; history; iraq; male; museum; natural; orthoptera; saga; species; view
• FIRST RECORD OF SPOTTED FLYCATCHER MUSCICAPA STRIATA (PALLAS, 1764) (PASSERIFORMES, MUSCICAPIDAE) FROM ODISHA AND EASTERN GHATS OF INDIA by Bibhu Prasad Panda; Manas Ranjan Sahoo (2022) - ♦Corresponding author E-mail: bibhuprasadpanda14@gmail.com Received Date: 24 Dec. 2021, Accepted Date: 03 February 2022, Published Date: 20 June 2022 This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License ABSTRACT This note reported the first record of Spotted Flycatcher Muscicapa striata (Pallas, 1764) (Passeriformes, Muscicapidae) from the state of Odisha, India. First record of Spotted Flycatcher Muscicapa striata from Tamil Nadu, India. Keywords: flycatcher; india; muscicapa; record; species; striata
• REVISION OF THE GENUS CHLAENIUS BONELLI, 1810 (COLEOPTERA, CARABIDAE), WITH A NEW RECORD SPECIES FROM IRAQ by Amal Hussein Abdullah; Radhi F. Al-Jassany (2022) - Chlaenius syriacus Chaudoir, 1876 Synonyms: Chlaeniellus koenigi (Semenov, 1888) Chlaenius coerulescens J.Sahlberg, 1903 Chlaenius distinctus Chaudoir, 1856 Chlaenius oreteus Ragusa, 1881 Keywords: ali; bulletin; carabidae; chaudoir; chlaenius; distribution; epomis; genus; history; iraq; museum; natural; species; synonyms; world
• BIRDS OF CONSERVATION CONCERN AT AL-NAJAF DESERT, SOUTHERN DESERT OF IRAQ by Hayder M. Al-Rammahi; Mohammad K. Mohammad (2022) - Iraq encountered three main bird flyways; Mediterranean-Black Sea Flyway, Central Asia Flyway, and East Asia-East Africa Flyway (Al-Sheikhly et al., 2017). Al-Sheikhly (2011) collected detailed information about the trapping and traffic of Lanner Falcon Falco biarmicus Temminck, 1825. Keywords: area; birdlife; birds; bulletin; conservation; desert; et al; history; hunting; international; iraq; iraq natural; museum; najaf; najaf desert; natural; species; study; wadi
• MORCHELLA CONICA PERS., 1818 (PEZIZALES, MORCHELLACEAE): A NEW RECORD FROM IRAQ by Rajaa Abdulrazzaq Al Anbagi; Talib Owaid Al-Khesraji (2022) - [CrossRef] Hibbett, D. S., Binder, M., Bischoff, J. F., Blackwell, M., Cannon, P. F., Eriksson, O. E., Huhndorf, S., James, T., Kirk, P. M., Lücking, R., Lumbsch, H. T., Lutzoni, F., Matheny, P. B., McLaughlin, D. J., Powell, M. J., Redhead, S., Schoch, C. L., Spatafora, J. W., Stalpers, J. A., Vilgalys, R., Aime, M. C., Aptroot, A., Bauer, R., Begerow, D., Benny, G. L., Castlebury, L. A., Crous, P. W., Dai, Y.-C., Gams, W., Geiser, D. M., Griffith, G. W., Gueidan, C., Hawksworth, D. L., Hestmark, G. Hosaka, K., Humber, R. A., Hyde, K. D., Ironside, J. E., Kõljalg, U., Kurtzman, C. P., Larsson, K.-H., Lichtwardt, R., Longcore, J., Miądlikowska, J., Miller, A., Moncalvo, J.-M., Mozley-Standridge, S., Oberwinkler, F., Parmastoa, E., Reeb, V., Rogers, J. D., Roux, C., Ryvarden, L., Sampaio, J. P., Schüßler, A., Sugiyama, J., Thorn, R. G., Tibell, L., Untereiner, W. A., Walker, C., Wang, Z., Weir, A., Weiss, M., White, M. M., Winka, K., Yao, Y.-J. and Zhang, N. 2007. However, the Iraqi morel sequence had more than 99% sequence similarity with M. elata Fr. (accession numbers MN462953 and MN462952), M. importuna M. Kuo, O‘Donnell & T.J. Volk, and M. esculenta (L.) Pers. Keywords: conica; et al; iraq; m. conica; morchella; morels; natural; species
• NEW RECORDS OF GASTROTRICHA FROM THE MAIN OUTFALL DRAIN, SOUTH OF BAGHDAD, IRAQ by Maysoon Hassan Meshjel (2022) - A phylogenetic approach to species delimitation in freshwater Gastrotricha from Sweden. For instance, Brunson (1950, 1949) and Robbins (1965, 1973) constructed an important classification scheme and illustrated keys for identifying freshwater species of North America; d’Hondt (1971) introduced a key that is particularly dedicated to the species of Lepidodermella; Kisielewski (1987) defined the most important features that have to be taken into consideration upon the diagnosis Gastrotricha species based on morphology ; Kisielewski (1990,1991) presented a clarification of the most essential attributes in gastrotrich systematics; Balsamo and Todaro (2002) published illustrated keys for the classification of all known freshwater species worldwide; Kånneby et al. (2009) described the species of Ichthydium, and Kånneby et al. (2012, 2013) provided the first classification of Chaetonotidae based on molecular phylogeny; Garraffoni and Melchior (2015) described new species and new records of freshwater Heterolepidoderma (Gastrotricha, Chaetonotidae) from Brazil with an identification key to the genus; Balsamo et al. (2020) describe successfully tested techniques for their recovery and study, and emphasize current knowledge on the ecology, distribution, and dispersal of freshwater gastrotrichs. Keywords: freshwater; gastrotricha; history; iraq; museum; natural; new; species; study
• DISTRIBUTION OF IXODID TICKS AMONG DOMESTIC AND WILD ANIMALS IN CENTRAL IRAQ by Mohammad, Mohammad K. (2015) - In Iraq, a review of ixodid ticks studies is rather well documented in Shubber et al. (2014); however most of these studies are of general survey type for whole Iraq and concentrated mainly on domestic hosts with few exceptions that confined to a selected area or dealt with wild animals (Mohammad, 1996). In regard to tick species, nine were recorded (table 2), six of them belong to genus Hyalomma namely H. anatolicum Koch, 1844, H. excavatum Koch, 1844, H. turanicum Pomerantsef, 1946, H. scupense Delpy, 1946, H. dromedarii Koch, 1844, H. schulzei Olenev, 1931, H. anatolicum was found to be the most common tick species parasitizing the examined domestic animals and successfully survives in diverse habitats extending from central parts of the Sudan to North Africa, Southern Europe, the Middle East, Russia, China and India, and economically important tick species (Latif et al., 2005; Keywords: animals; infestation; iraq; mohammad; shubber; species; ticks
• MORPHOMETRIC FEATURES OF THE BEETLE ACINOPUS (ACINOPUS) LAEVIGATUS MENETRIES, 1832 (COLEOPTERA, CARABIDAE) IN THE MOUNTAIN ECOSYSTEMS OF UZBEKISTAN by Dilnoza F. Zokirova; Fazlitdin Z. Khalimov (2022) - Decreases in beetle body size linked to climate change and warming temperatures. Study of the morphometric structure of ground beetle populations of the Barguzin Ridge on the example of Carabus odoratus https://doi.org/10.18470/1992-1098-2010-1-63-75 150 BULLETIN OF THE IRAQ NATURAL HISTORY MUSEUM Morphometric features of the beetle Acinopus barguzinicus (Shil, 1996). Keywords: acinopus; beetles; body; coleoptera; elytra; group; length; morphometric; parameters; species; width
• STATUS OF COMMERCIAL FISH CATCH IN THE IRAQI MARINE WATERS, ARABIAN GULF by Ahmed Ch. Al-Shamary; Kadhim H. Younis (2022) - Diagram (5): The percentage of commercial fish families caught. Table (1): Species, genera, families, and orders of commercial marine fishes of the present study. Keywords: catch; commercial; family; fish; iraq; marine; species; station; study; waters
• NEW RECORDS ON SALTICIDAE AND THERIDIIDAE (ARANEAE) SPIDERS FROM ARMENIA by Noushig Zarikian (2022) - The Caucasus regions’ Salticidae species have been well studied by many authors such as Dunin (1979), Logunov and Marusik (2000), Logunov and Guseinov (2002), Azarkina (2002 a, b; 2003), and Logunov (2015). The map of Salticidae and Theridiidae species distribution was prepared (Map 1 and 2) using the Simple Mapper online program (Shorthouse, 2010). Keywords: armenia; brown; bulletin; history; iraq; m.a.s.l; museum; natural; salticidae; species; steatoda
• SURVEY OF BRACHYCERA; DIPTERA FROM SEVERAL REGIONS OF IRAQ by Al-Saffar, Hanaa H.; Augul, Razzaq Sh. (2015) - Taxonomic study of fruit flies family Tephritidae (Insecta: Diptera) from some governorates of Iraq. Key word: Brachycera, Diptera, Fauna, Iraq, Survey. Keywords: baghdad; diptera; distribution; family; flies; iraq; material; province; species; specimens
• FIRST RECORD OF TWO PARASITOID WASPS OF THE FAMILY CHALCIDIDAE (HYMENOPTERA) IN IRAQ by Ali A. Kareem; Hossein Lotfalizadeh; Ayad Alsendi; Raad Kareem Aljaafari; Sienaa M. Al-Zurfi* (2022) - Including these two species recorded in this study, Chalcididae species in Iraq reaches eight. Order Hymenoptera, family Chalcididae. Keywords: brachymeria; chalcididae; family; hymenoptera; iraq; natural; species
• FIRST RECORD OF THE LARGE-BILLED CROW CORVUS MACRORHYNCHOS WAGLER, 1827 PREDATING ON THE VULNERABLE INDIAN ROOFED TURTLE PANGSHURA TECTA (GRAY, 1831) IN INDIA by Arjun M. S; Bibhu Prasad Panda; Satyaranjan Behera (2022) - This is the first report of avian predators like crows preying on Indian roofed turtles. Indian roofed turtle Pangshura tecta (Gray, 1831) is member of the Geoemydidae family, including many highly endangered species of Southeast Asia. Keywords: crow; history; indian; natural; roofed; species; turtle
• FIRST RECORD OF TWO DIPLECTANID MONOGENOIDS FROM THREE SPARID FISHES IN IRAQI MARINE WATERS by Ali A. R. Al-Darwesh; Atheer H. Ali; Hussein A. Saud (2022) - Kritsky et al. (2000) recorded 17 species of Diplectanids from the gills of 17 species of marine fishes of Kuwait. Kritsky et al. (2000) described P. senilobatus from A. spinifer and A. filamentosus at Kuwait. Keywords: bulletin; dorsal; fishes; haffara; history; iraq; lamellodiscus; museum; natural; species; ventral
• ECOLOGY OF LEECHES AND GASTROPODS OF THE LOWER AK-BUURA RIVER, FERGANA VALLEY,UZBEKISTAN by Khayrulla Solijonov; Farrukh U. Umarov (2022) - i s t a n K y r g y z s t a n Papan Reservoir 0 10 20 30 km Uzbekistan Kazakhstan Turkmenistan Tajikistan Iran 232 BULLETIN OF THE IRAQ NATURAL HISTORY MUSEUM Ecology of leeches and gastropods Species identification and taxonomy The leech samples were identified according to Nesemann and Neubert (1999), Lukin (1976), Govedich et al. (2019), while gastropods species were identified according to Starobogatov (2004), Kruglov (2005) and Izzatullaev (2018). Thermophilic – warm water species. Keywords: biotopes; body; bulletin; buura; buura river; ecology; gastropods; history; iraq; leeches; museum; natural; river; shell; solijonov; species; water
• HOTTENTOTTA POOYANI SP. NOV. (SCORPIONES, BUTHIDAE) FROM THE KHUZESTAN PROVINCE, IRAN by Mohammad Moradi; Ersen Aydın Yağmur; Abolfazl Akbari (2022) - H. pellucidus with hirsute pedipalp and metasoma whereas H. pooyani with glabrous. nov. and H. khoozestanus with smooth ventrolateral and ventral submedian carinae on metasomal segments I-IV, whereas in H. pooyani with moderately granular carinae. Keywords: carinae; granules; hottentotta; iran; iraq; nov; pooyani; species
• A SURVEY OF ECTO AND ENDO-PARASITES OF HOUSE MOUSE MUS MUSCULUS LINNAEUS, 1758 OF ERBIL CITY, KURDISTAN REGION, IRAQ by Trifa Khurshid Malla; Louis Abdulahad Saida (2022) - Table (4) is showing the species of helminthic parasite infections among 50 mice examined in Erbil City. The highest infection severity of recorded parasites was with the nematode S. muris, with 218 parasites, and the lowest was by the larval parasite C. fascioliasis, with three cysts. Keywords: city; erbil; history; house; infection; iraq; mice; muris; musculus; museum; natural; parasites; rate; rats; rodents; saida; species; study
• DISTRIBUTION AND PHYLOGENETIC OF FRESHWATER MUSSEL UNIO TIGRIDIS BOURGUIGNAT, 1852 (BIVALVIA, UNIONIDAE) FROM GREATER ZAB RIVER, IRAQ by Shwan Khursheed Bashê (2022) - According to the International Union for Conservation of Nature's (IUCN) assessment of the majority of freshwater mussel species (517), 6% extinct, 7% vulnerable, 9% BULLETIN OF THE IRAQ NATURAL HISTORY MUSEUM Iraq Natural History Research Center & Museum, University of Baghdad https://jnhm.uobaghdad.edu.iq/index.php/BINHM/Home Copyright © Bulletin of the Iraq Natural History Museum Online ISSN: 2311-9799-Print ISSN: 1017-8678 https://doi.org/10.26842/binhm.7.2022.17.2.0291 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9043-8190 mailto:shwan.raman@su.edu.krd https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ https://jnhm.uobaghdad.edu.iq/index.php/BINHM/Home 292 BULLETIN OF THE IRAQ NATURAL HISTORY MUSEUM Distribution and phylogenetic of freshwater mussel near threatened, 10% endangered, 13% critically endangered and 37% of least concern(IUCN, 2016). The worldwide distribution and diversity of mussels species is to several reasons considering; habitat destruction, degradation, and alteration caused by increasing populations of human, industrialization, and changes in land use in addition to spread of non-native exotic species (Zieritz et al., 2016 - Hamli et al., 2021), enrichment water with nutrients resulting in phytoplankton and macrophyte blooms (Sharip and Zakaria, 2007), and heavy metal concentrations often reach deadly thresholds for freshwater mussels (Nobles and Zhang, 2015). Keywords: bivalvia; freshwater; history; iraq; mussel; species; tigridis; unionidae
• SURVEY AND UPDATING CHECKLIST OF DIPTERAN SPECIES WITH FORENSIC IMPORTANCE by Razzaq Shalan Augul; Hanaa H. Al-Saffar; Haider Naeem Al-Ashbal (2022) - [Click here] El-Shazly, M. M., Nassar, M. I. and El-Sherief, H. A. 1996. LITERATURE CITED Abdul-Rassoul, M. S., Augul, R. S. and Al-Saffar, H. H. 2009 a. Keywords: bulletin; desvoidy; diptera; distribution; et al; fly; forensic; history; iraq; kerbala; musca; museum; natural; province; robineau; sarcophaga; species; specimens; synonyms
• CHECKLISTS OF DIPLOZOID SPECIES (MONOGENEA) FROM FISHES OF IRAQ by Mhaisen, Farah M.; Abdul-Ameer, Kefah N. (2018) - Mhaisen et al., 1986*; Al-Daraji and Al-Salim, 1990; Abdul-Rahman, 1999; Adday et al., 1999*; Al-Nasiri, 2000*; Al-Saadi, 2007; Al-Saadi et al., 2010), Barbus barbulus (Abdullah, 1990*; 2002*; Abdullah and Mhaisen, 2004*), B. luteus, which is a synonym of C. luteus (Abdul-Ameer, 1989*; Al Daraji and Al-Salim, 1990; Abdul-Rahman, 1999; Balasem et al., 2003*; Al-Saadi, 2007; Al-Saadi et al., 2010), C. luteus (Al-Daraji, 1986), B. sharpeyi, which is a synonym of M. sharpeyi (Balasem et al., 2003*), B. xanthopterus, which is a synonym of L. xanthopterus (Abdullah, 2002*; Balasem et al., 2003*; Abdullah and Mhaisen, 2004*; Al- Saadi, 2007; Al-Saadi et al., 2010), C. carassius (Abdul-Rahman, 1999), C. regium (Abdul- Ameer, 1989*; Adday et al., 1999*; Al-Nasiri, 2009; Abdullah, 2013), C. macrostomum (Abdullah, 1990*; Abdullah and Rasheed, 2004*; Al-Nasiri, 2009; Al-Jubori, 2013), C. carpio (Al-Nasiri, 2009), S. glanis (Al-Niaeemi, 1997; Rahemo and Al-Niaeemi, 2001) and Varicorhina trutta, which is a synonym of Capoeta trutta (Rahemo and Ami, 1991*). A second survey of fish parasites from Tigris River at Al-Zaafaraniya, south of Baghdad. Keywords: 2007; abdullah; et al; fishes; iraq; mhaisen; paradiplozoon; species; synonym
• PALYNOLOGICAL STUDIES FOR SOME CULTIVATED SPECIES OF PINUS L., 1753 (PINALES, PINACEAE) IN EGYPT by Asmaa Khamis; Rim Hamdy (2023) - Pinaster Loudon (1838); the latter subsection includes the five studied Pinus species: P. brutia, P. canariensis, P. halepensis, P. pinea, and P. roxburghii. As seen in pollen data dendrogram, the cluster of P. canariensis and P. halepensis is more related to that of P. roxburghii and P. brutia because they assemble more characters than those with P. pinea. Keywords: canariensis; corpus; history; iraq; length; museum; p. brutia; p. halepensis; p. pinea; pinea; pinus; pollen; roxburghii; sacci; sculpture; species
• COMPARATIVE STUDY ON TRICHOMES TYPES OF WILD SPECIES OF SOLANUM L., 1753 (SOLANALES, SOLANACEAE) IN EGYPT AND ITS TAXONOMIC SIGNIFICANCE by Rania A. Hassan; Rim Hamdy (2023) - [CrossRef] Rao, S. R. S. and Ramayya, N. 1977. Multi-omics of genus Solanum L. trichomes reveals the intersection between stress memory and the molecular pathways for recovery. Keywords: bulletin; head; history; iraq; leaf; multicellular; museum; natural; simple; solanum; species; stalk; trichomes
• SURVEY WITH REVISED CHECKLIST OF COMPOSITAE IN THE HERBARIUM OF IRAQ NATURAL HISTORY RESEARCH CENTER AND MUSEUM by Khansaa Rasheed Al-Joboury; Sukeyna Abass Aliwy (2023) - Scorzonera papposa DC., 1838 Synonym: Scorzonera kurdica Boiss., 1856 BUNH: (1 Specimens): Jabal Hamrin; fl. and fr.: R., Michael, G. G., Bertil, N., Norbert, K., Luc, B., Irina, D. I., Nicholas, H., Charles, J., Randall, J. B., Jan, K., Werner, G., Arne, A. A., John, C. Se., Jan, Š., Susana, E. F., Ludwig, M., Hiroshige, K., Takayuki, K., Leszek, V., Alexander, P. S., Evgeny, V. M. and Günter, G. 2011. Keywords: africa; arabia; baghdad; boiss; bulletin; bunh; cass; centaurea; checklist; distribution; edmondson; europe; genus; ghazanfar; history; iran; iraq; museum; names; natural; palestine; remark; species; specimens; subsp; synonyms; syria; tribe; turkey; var
• IDENTIFICATION OF HARD TICKS FROM BUFFALO BUBALUS BUBALIS (LINNAEUS, 1758) IN IRAQ by Zainab A. Makawi; Afkar M. Hadi (2023) - Species of Hard ticks Isolate No. of Males No. of females Total % Hyalomma truncatum 46 30 76 44.18 H. excavatum 16 20 36 20.93 H. anatolicum 18 6 24 13.95 H. marginatum 10 2 12 6.97 H. impeltatum 6 6 12 6.97 H. rufipes 8 0 8 4.65 H. scupense 2 4 6 3.48 H. dromedarii 4 0 4 2.23 Total 104 68 172 426 BULLETIN OF THE IRAQ NATURAL HISTORY MUSEUM Identification of hard ticks from buffalo Plate (1): (A) H. truncatum male, dorsal view Cattle infestation by Hyalomma ticks and prevalence of Theileria in Hyalomma species in the east of Turkey. Keywords: buffalo; history; hyalomma; iraq; museum; species; ticks
• GENUS RETAMA RAF., 1838 (FABALES, FABACEAE): TAXONOMIC REVISION IN EGYPT SUPPORTED BY MOLECULAR FINGERPRINTING by Reham A. Youssef; Wafaa M. Amer; Azza B. Hamed (2023) - Diagram (4) shows that R. monosperma Form 5 had the longest wings, while R. raetam Form 8 had the shortest wing compared with R. raetam, R. monosperma, and other forms. Also, R. monosperma had the widest wing and R. raetam Form 7 had the narrowest wing, while R. raetam, R. raetam Form 2, R. raetam Form 6 and R. raetam Form 8 were equal in wing width. Keywords: egypt; et al; form; genus; length; monosperma; natural; r. raetam; raetam; raetam form; retama; species; standard; webb
• NEW RECORD OF MALACOPHAGOUS LEECH OF THE GENUS ALBOGLOSSIPHONIA LUKIN, 1976 FROM FERGANA VALLEY, UZBEKISTAN by Khayrulla Solijonov; Zuvayd Izzatullaev; Dilfuza Umarova*** (2023) - https://doi.org/10.26842/binhm.7.2023.17.3.0459 ORIGINAL ARTICLE NEW RECORD OF MALACOPHAGOUS LEECH OF THE GENUS ALBOGLOSSIPHONIA LUKIN, 1976 FROM FERGANA VALLEY, UZBEKISTAN Khayrulla Solijonov*♦, Zuvayd Izzatullaev** and Dilfuza Umarova*** *Andijan State University, Andijan City, Republic of Uzbekistan. Hidden shelter-like associations of minute Alboglossiphonia leeches (Hirudinea: Glossiphoniidae) with sedentary animals and molluscs. Keywords: 2022; alboglossiphonia; andijan; glossiphoniidae; history; iraq; leeches; museum; natural; species; uzbekistan
• FIRST CONFIRMED BREEDING RECORD OF THE BLYTH’S SWIFT APUS PACIFICUS LEUCONYX (BLYTH, 1845) (APODIFORMES, APODIDAE) IN SOUTHERN PARTS OF NILGIRI REGION OF WESTERN GHATS OF INDIA by Dhanusha Kawalkar; Shirish S. Manchi (2023) - ، الهند 641108 -البريد( ، كويمباتور 20/6/2023، تأريخ النشر: 24/3/2023القبول: ، تأريخ 8/8/2022تأريخ االستالم: الخالصة في شبه القارة الهندية ، واحدة من االصنوفات ، املستوطن Blyth’s Swiftعد طائر ي من املعروف أنها تتكاثر على ؛Pacific Swift Apus pacificus complexعقد النو ملاألربعة من يالجنوب الطرفمتر( وتنتشر على نطاق واسع According to Leader (2011), the Apus pacificus complex is further sub-classified into four species; Pacific Swift A. p. pacificus, Salim Ali’s Swift A. p. salimalii, Cook’s Swift A. p. cooki, and Blyth’s Swift A. p. leuconyx. Keywords: anaikatty; apus; bio; blyth; breeding; ghats; hills; history; india; iraq; natural; species; swift
• IMPACT OF LINEAR INFRASTRUCTURE INTRUSIONS ON AVIFAUNA: A REVIEW by C. P. Ashwin; P. J. Clince; P. R. Arun (2023) - In Spain, Janss recorded higher casualties of Great Bustard Otis tarda Linnaeus, 1758, Little Bustard Tetrax tetrax (Linnaeus, 1758) and Common Crane Grus grus (Linnaeus, 1758) due to power line collisions (Janss, 2000). Brown et al. (1987) observed power lines were the major cause of mortality for Whooping Crane Grus americana (Linnaeus, 1758) and Mallard Anas platyrhynchos Linnaeus, 1758 in south-central Colorado and concluded that power line collisions cause a large number of mortalities in cranes and waterfowl (Brown et al., 1987). Keywords: bird; bulletin; collision; conservation; et al; history; impacts; infrastructures; iraq; linear; lines; mortality; natural; power; power lines; roads; species; wildlife
• MORPHOLOGICAL DESCRIPTION OF TWO LEECH SPECIES (ANNELIDA, HIRUDINEA) WHICH USED IN SOME ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE CLINICS IN BAGHDAD PROVINCE, IRAQ by Batool K. Habeeb; Harith Saeed Al-Warid (2023) - A few clinics in Iraq utilize medicinal leeches to treat a few diseases. Medicinal leeches: historical use, ecology, genetics and conservation. Keywords: body; hirudo; iraq; leeches; length; ratio; species; sucker
• REVISION OF THE GENUS XYLOCOPA LATREILLE, 1802 (HYMENOPTERA, APIDAE) WITH A NEW RECORD OF SPECIES IN IRAQ by Ghofran Hussein Sahood; Hanaa H. Al- Saffar; Feryal Bahjat Hermize (2023) - The large carpenter bee Xylocopa Latreille, 1802, wide spread worldwide, contains about 473 species (Michener, 2007). Atlas of the European Bees: genus Xylocopa. Keywords: baghdad; black; bulletin; history; hymenoptera; iraq; museum; natural; species; xylocopa
• THE CURRENT STATUS OF THE VERTEBRATE DIVERSITY IN Al-DALMAJ MARSH, Al-DIWANIYA PROVINCE by Mohammad, Mohammad K. (2014) - 1: Tilapia zilli from al-Dalmaj marsh. ABSTRACT A survey conducted at Dalmaj marsh, Al-Diwaniya Province during 2013 revealed that the marsh encounters a considerable part of the Iraqi vertebrate fauna including 147 species belonging to five classes; Pisces, Amphibia, Reptilia, Aves and Mammalia. Keywords: area; dalmaj; fig; iraq; marsh; marshes; mohammad; nature; species; vertebrate; water
• SECOND OBSERVATION OF AFRICAN CRAKE CRECOPSIS EGREGIA (PETERS, W, 1854) (GRUIFORMES, RALLIDAE) IN AlGERIA by Fouad Bederrar; Noura Hadouchi; Abdeslam Arab-Saïd; Abdelkarim Lachichi; Amal Belghit; Abdennour Ketfi; Moustapha Souahlia; Massoud Demouche; Leila Bougherab; Leila Amzel; Abdelwahab Chedad (2023) - This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License ABSTRACT On December 6, 2022, a single individual of African Crake Crecopsis egregia (Gruiformes, Rallidae) was recovered in the Algerian Sahara at Illizi City. 544 BULLETIN OF THE IRAQ NATURAL HISTORY MUSEUM Second observation of African Map (1): Observation sites for African Crake Crecopsis egregia in Algeria: in red, the first observation by Haddad et al. (2020) and, yellow, the second observation in this present study. Keywords: algeria; bulletin; crake; haddad; iraq; natural; observation; sahara; species
• THE FIRST RECORD OF FOUR ISOPODS FROM SOME RED SEA FISHES, YEMENI COASTAL WATERS by Al-Zubaidy, Ali B.; Mhaisen, Furhan T. (2014) - A second survey of fish parasites from Tigris River at Al-Zaafaraniya, south of Baghdad. Infection distribution of fish parasites in Basrah province and pathological effects of Saprolegnia sp. and its susceptibility to some plant extracts. Keywords: 2007; abdullah; et al; fishes; iraq; mhaisen; paradiplozoon; river; species
• NEW SPECIES OF THE GENUS FRUTICICOLA HELD, 1838 (GASTROPODA, PULMONATA) FROM AFGHANISTAN by Shoira K. Abdulazizova; Abduvaeit P. Pazilov; Mehrangiz Sohail; Farrukh U. Umarov (2023) - However, during the malacological research conducted by M.Sohail in Afghanistan in 2021, the distribution of F. perlucens species from the above- mentioned Fayzabad (and other) areas was not detected. However, this species differs from F. perlucens in some conchological characteristics, and this difference necessitated a detailed conchological and anatomical study of this species. Keywords: afghanistan; fruticicola; museum; perlucens; shell; species
• A CHECKLIST OF MEGACHILID BEES (HYMENOPTERA, MEGACHILIDAE), WITH A NEW RECORD GENUS FROM IRAQ by Asawir Dhafer Najm; Radhi F. Al-Jassany (2023) - [Click here] https://jnhm.uobaghdad.edu.iq/index.php/BINHM/article/view/24 https://graellsia.revistas.csic.es/index.php/graellsia/article/view/148 https://agris.fao.org/agris-search/search.do?recordID=TR2001000103 https://www.zobodat.at/pdf/LBB_0048_2_1753-1771.pdf https://agris.fao.org/agris-search/search.do?recordID=US201302520468 https://doi.org/10.3897/jhr.95.96796 https://www.researchgate.net/publication/242697186_NEW_AND_LITTLE_KNOWN_BEES_HYMENOPTERA_COLLETIDAE_APIDAE_FROM_THE_RUSSIAN_FAR_EAST https://www.biosoil.ru/FEE/Publication/244 https://www.researchgate.net/publication/321920004_Annotated_Catalogue_of_the_Hymenoptera_of_Russia_Volume_I_Symphyta_and_Apocrita_Aculeata https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/part/775 https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/part/775 https://www.amentsoc.org/insects/fact-files/orders/coelioxys-key-low-res.pdf 587 BULLETIN OF THE IRAQ NATURAL HISTORY MUSEUM Najm and Al-Jassany Salem, M. M. and El-Azab, S. A. 2017. Abbas, M. A. 2015. Keywords: bees; bulletin; coelioxys; derwesh; distribution; grace; history; hymenoptera; iraq; megachile; megachilidae; museum; natural; species; subsp; synonyms; turkey
• CHECKLIST OF BIVALVIA (MOLLUSCA) IN IRAQ by Hiba Mohammed Jihad (2023) - Distribution: Iraq (Yasser et al., 2023). Distribution: Iraq (Yasser et al., 2022). Keywords: bivalvia; bulletin; checklist; citation; description; distribution; et al; family; freshwater; habitat; history; iraq; iraq natural; lamarck; marine; museum; natural; reeve; species; synonyms; unio; yasser
• MORPHOLOGICAL AND MOLECULAR STUDIES OF KAIS KINGFISH CYPRINION KAIS HECKEL, 1843 (PISCIES, CYPRINIFORMES, CYPRINIDAE) FROM THE MIDDLE OF IRAQ by Hind Dyia Hadi; Abed Hassan Baraaj; Atheer Hussain Ali (2023) - To recognize fish species, there are numerous taxonomic methods, the morphological study being the conventional one, which is helpful, speedy, and includes many characters, morphometric and meristic characters, for species identification (Al-Janabi, 2014; Stein et al., 2014). The DNA sequences of C. kais were done using the mitochondrial DNA cytochrome b (cytb) gene. Keywords: bulletin; c. kais; cyprinidae; cyprinion; et al; fin; fish; history; iraq; kais; length; museum; natural; results; species; study
• APPLICATION OF BENTHIC FORAMINIFERA IN POLLUTION ASSESSMENT AT MISKAN ISLAND AND AL-KHIRAN COASTLINE, KUWAIT by M. A. Alsalameen; A. M. Dakrory (2023) - This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License ABSTRACT The biodiversity of benthic foraminifera around the coral communities and the concentration of heavy elements (e.g., Mn, Fe, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, Zn, Cd, and Co) in Miskan Island and Al-Khiran coastline of Kuwait are used as an ecological indicator for the environmental and anthropogenic stresses occurred from February 2018 to February 2019. The low number of benthic foraminifera on Miskan Island is due to the dissolution and calcification of foraminifera shells. Keywords: analysis; bulletin; coastline; distribution; et al; foraminifera; gulf; history; iraq; island; khiran; kuwait; miskan; museum; natural; number; samples; sediments; species
• NEW RECORDS OF TWO MACROFUNGI SPECIES BASED ON MORPHOLOGICAL AND MOLECULAR IDENTIFICATION IN IRAQ by Sara Q. Suliaman (2023) - Schoch, C. L., Seifert, K. A., Huhndorf, S., Robert, V., Spouge, J. L., Levesque, C. A. and White, M. M. 2012. [CrossRef] Girometta, C. E., Bernicchia, A., Baiguera, R. M., Bracco, F., Buratti, S., Cartabia, M. and Savino, E. 2020. Keywords: bulletin; castaneofusca; history; iraq; macrofungi; museum; natural; species; tamaricis
• NEW RECORD OF SPECIES LITHOBIUS FERGANENSIS (TROTZINA, 1894) (CHILOPODA, LITHOBIOMORPHA, LITHOBIIDAE) FROM THE MIDDLE OF IRAQ by Shaymaa Hussein Hassan; Hayder Badri Ali (2023) - Table (1): Plectrotaxy of L. ferganensis legs. Species: L. ferganensis (Trotzina, 1894) Keywords: chilopoda; iraq; lithobiidae; lithobiomorpha; lithobius; species
• NEW RECORDS OF HALICTID BEES (HYMENOPTERA, HALICTIDAE, HALICTINAE) FROM IRAQ by Saja A. Al-Baghdadi; Feryal H. Sadiq (2023) - S. tadauchi Mitai, 2012 Distribution: This species was registered in Iraq by Morice, 1921 South and Western Europe: Spain, France, Switzerland, Italy, Germany, Hungary, and Russia (Westrich, 1989; Warncke, 1992); Europe, North Africa, Turkey, Iran, Pakistan, Russia, and India (Astafurova, 2018); Europe, Western Asia, Central Asia, Southern Asia, and China (Varnava et al., 2020). Regarding to the available literature, it was observed that this particular group has received limited attention from researchers in Iraq, with only a few scattered studies obtainable; for example, Augul (2018) conducted a general survey of the diversity of bees, including Halictidae, while Ahmed (2015) focused on the taxonomic aspects of this guild's species in Northern Iraq. Keywords: bees; bulletin; distribution; hairs; halictidae; halictus; history; hymenoptera; iraq; lasioglossum; morawitz; museum; natural; species; turkey
• CHECKLIST OF DARKLING BEETLES (COLEOPTERA, TENEBRIONIDAE) IN IRAQ by Razzaq Shalan Augul; Hanaa H. Al Saffar (2023) - Study of insect diversity in areas surrounding, The Central Marsh in southern Iraq. Iraq nat. Keywords: 2022; augul; basionym; beetles; bulletin; coleoptera; distribution; et al; gbif; genus; history; iran; iraq; iraq natural; löbl; museum; reitter; secretariat; species; synonyms; tenebrionidae; turkey
• VARIATIONS OF WOOD ELEMENTS IN MAIN STEM OF ALBIZIA LEBBECK (L.) BENTH. GROWING IN BAGHDAD CITY, IRAQ by Ali, Basim A. Abd (2014) - General trend of relation between these traits and transvers position indicated that these dimensions increase as the distance increases from pith (Zha et al., 2005; Choudhury, et al. 2009; Ohshima et al., 2003), while others referred that variations were non-significant except for fiber-diameter (Pande et al. (2008) tree of Leucanealeucocephala), but Ishiguri, 2009 found that diameter of wood fibers was an almost constant value from pith to bark for the species Paraserianthes falcataria. 55 Basim A. Abd Ali RESULT AND DISCUSSION Fiber dimensions of A. lebbeck wood gave an indication that the wood of trees growing in Iraq has some different properties from that of same species growing under other conditions. Keywords: albizia; diameter; fiber; gravity; height; lebbeck; length; species; tree; vessel; wall; wood
• MORPHOLOGICAL AND ANATOMICAL STUDY OF ASPHODELUS MICROCARPUS by Majeed, Khansaa Rashed (2014) - This paper presents a morphological and anatomical study of the leaves and stems of Asphodelus microcarpus. Asphodelus microcarpus is a perennial herb,1 m high , its hab. Keywords: asphodelus; iraq; microcarpus; species; stem; studies
• A NEW SPECIES OF GRAPE-VINE LEAFHOPPERS, GENUS ARBORIDIA ZAKHVATKIN, 1946 (HOMOPTERA: CICADELLIDAE) FROM IRAQ by Al-Asady, Hassan S.; Amin, Abdulbaset M.; Younis, Sara Dasco (2014) - 2.The presence of subouter apical cell in the forewing. ABSTRACT Among a collection of leafhoppers from Erbil Province in Kurdistan/Iraq, a new species of the genus Arboridia Zakhvatkin, 1946 was designated and described here as a new species to the science. Keywords: brown; iraq; leafhoppers; species
• HELIOTROPIUM CURASSAVICUM L., 1753 (BORAGINACEAE): A NEW RECORD FOR FLORA OF IRAQ by Yusra Tareq Al- Rudainy; Abdulridha Akbar Al- Mayah (2024) - Heliotropium curassavicum L., 1753 (Boraginaceae) Plate (2): Floral parts of H. curassavicum; (1) Stem, (2) Root. Heliotropium curassavicum L., 1753 (Boraginaceae) Plate (5): Epidermis of H. curassavicum: 1, 2 Abaxial surface and 3, 4 Adaxial surface; Ordinary epidermal cells (OC), Stomata (S) and Salt gland (SG). Plate (6): Stomata types of H. curassavicum; Anomocytic type (Ao), Hemiparacytic type (Hp). Plate (7): Shape of stomata; (1) Abaxial surface, (2) Adaxial surface of H. curassavicum . Keywords: basrah; boraginaceae; curassavicum; flora; heliotropium; iraq; journal; pollen; soil; species
• CURRENT CONSERVATION STATUS OF THE MIGRATORY WESTERN MARSH HARRIER THROUGHOUT THE UNESCO SITE IN AL-CHIBAYISH MARSH, SOUTH OF IRAQ by Abdullah S. Al-Saraf; Ahmad J. Al-Azawi (2024) - Complex timing of Marsh Harrier Circus aeruginosus migration due to pre-and post- migratory movements. Western Marsh Harrier (Circus aeruginosus) migration through the Mediterranean Sea: a review. Keywords: adult; area; azawi; birds; breeding; central; et al; harrier; individuals; iraq; marsh; marsh harrier; marshes; migration; migratory; population; species; study; western
• MORPHOMETRICAL CLUTCH UNIFORMITY IN THE LAPWING COMMUNITY VANELLUS BRISON, 1760 (AVES, CHARADRIIFORMES, CHARADRIIDAE) IN AL-MALIH WETLAND-BABYLON PROVINCE- MIDDLE OF IRAQ by Kamil H. Al-Fayadhi; Omar F. Al-Sheikhly; Moayed J. Yass (2024) - The mean and SD for egg length were 46.25±0.68 mm for V. indicus, 42.25±0.96 mm for V. spinosus (Linnaeus, 1758), and 42.28±0.67 mm for V. leucurus. The egg breadth mean and SD were 33.34±0.84 mm for V. indicus, 31.43±0.55 mm for V. spinosus (Linnaeus, 1758), and 31.42±0.67 mm for V. leucurus. Keywords: egg; indicus; iraq; lapwing; leucurus; linnaeus; nests; species; spinosus; vanellus
• ECOLOGY OF THE NILGIRI LARGE BURROWING SPIDER HAPLOCLASTUS NILGIRINUS POCOCK, 1899 (ARANEAE, THERAPHOSIDAE) OF NILGIRIS, INDIA by Anbazhagan Abinesh; N. Moinudheen (2024) - Trees bore at least one hole that was occupied by H. nilgirinus of different age classes; thus, measurements were systematically taken for all the occupied tree holes along with their age class through visual comparison. The quantifications of spider nests included the number of tree holes in individual trees, age class of spider, outer circumference of holes, inner circumference of holes, hole depth, tree trunk base, girth at breast height (GBH), and height from ground. Keywords: circumference; conservation; depth; diversity; ecology; holes; insects; iraq; nilgirinus; species; spider; study; tree
• APHIDIINAE (HYMENOPTERA, BRACONIDAE) DIVERSITY IN CITRUS AGROSYSTEMS OF GUELMA REGION, EASTERN ALGERIA by Omar Khaladi; Amira Bouderbala; M’hamed Benada; Boualem Boumaaza (2024) - With more than 600 species, the Aphidiinae subfamily includes the largest number of aphid parasitoid species (Mackauer and Starý, 1967).The species in this subfamily are strictly associated with their host aphids, in particular, their geographical distribution and the preferred host plants on which they feed (Starý, 1981; Žikić et al., 2016). Aphidiinae (Hymenoptera, Braconidae) Diagram (2): Specimens rarefaction curve of the number of parasitoids species found during our study Dashed lines indicate 95% confidence intervals. Keywords: algeria; angelicae; aphidiinae; aphidius; braconidae; hymenoptera; iraq; parasitoids; region; species; study; testaceipes
• MOLECULAR STUDY OF SOME SPECIES OF CENTIPEDES IN IRAQ WITH NEW RECORD OF LITHOBIUS CRASSIPES L. KOCH, 1862 (CHILOPODA, LITHOBIOMORPHA, LITHOBIIDAE) by Shaymaa Hussein Hassan; Hayder Badri Ali (2024) - Order, Scolopendromorpha Family, Scolopendridae Genus, Scolopendra Linnaeus, 1758 Species, Scolopendra morsitans Linnaeus, 1758 Synonyms: Scolopendra morsitans amazonica Bücherl, 1946 S. morsitans procera Haase, 1887 S. morsitans calcarata Daday, 1891 S. morsitans fasciata Attems, 1930 S. morsitans scopoliana C.L. Koch, 1841 S. brandtiana Gervais, 1837 S. bilineata Brandt, 1840 S. crassipes Brandt, 1840 S. erythrocephala Brandt, 1840 S. elegans Brandt, 1841 S. fulvipes Brandt, 1841 S. angulipes Newport, 1844 S. leachii Newport, 1844 S.colopendra longicornis Newport, 1844 S. platypoides Newport, 1844 S. tuberculidens Newport, 1844 S. algerina Newport, 1845 S. fabricii Newport, 1845 S. formosa Newport, 1845 S. richardsoni Newport, 1845 S. tigrina Newport, 1845 S. varia Newport, 1845 S. tongana Gervais, 1847 S.infesta Koch, 1847 S.planipes Koch, 1847. From the order Scolopendromorpha family Scolopendridae, two species were recorded, Scolopendra morsitans Linnaeus, 1758, and S. cingulata Latreille, 1829, Cormocephalus sp.; while from the order Lithobiomorpha, family Lithobiidae, one species was recorded for first time in Iraq; Lithobius crassipes L. Koch, 1862 from the order Geophilomorpha family Himantariidae, one species Bothriogaster Signata Kessler, 1874. Keywords: centipedes; chilopoda; genus; history; iraq; lithobius; morsitans; natural; newport; scolopendra; species; specimens; study
• A COMPARATIVE ANATOMY AND MORPHOLOGY STUDY OF SEEDS BY SEM FOR SOME SPECIES OF LATHYRUS L., 1753 (FABALES, FABACEAE) IN IRAQ by Rana Hashim Aloush (2024) - The seeds have a variation in the sculpturing pattern, which provides information to distinguish species of this genus, such as the ornamentation of L. chloranthus seed surface, which was distinguished by conical peaks or like needles on the surface of L. sphaericus seed. The seeds were glossy in all species except L. sativus L. and L. sphaericus L. which were matt, the surface cells wall undulation, the wax covered the peak of the conical papillae, the anatomical characteristics determined by cross section in seeds and pointed some trails such us ,Epidermis parenchyma thickness and Palisade, the species L. annus L. and L.aphaca L. were given the highest value of exocarps thickness (5.5) µm while the species L.sativus recorded the Lowest mean (3.8)µm, the seed coat in L. sativus L. is detached from some epidermis in some area with pit aperture, in according the epidermis thickness, the species classification to three groups the L. aphaca L. and L. sphericaus Retz. recorded the highest value (46-49) µm respectively, L. sphaericus Retz. recorded the highest value of palisade thickness which was 61 µm, some unique trails such us present the pit in exocarp, and the pit cavity was along parenchyma layer in L. sativus L., the similar morphology features are considered the evidence for the proximity of the taxa, so the internal structure (anatomy) of the seeds can be used to separate the taxa. Keywords: anatomy; characteristics; coat; iraq; l. annuus; l. sativus; lathyrus; morphology; section; seed; species; species l.; thickness
• THE IMPACT OF MARINE HEAT WAVES AND THEIR TEMPORAL PATTERNS ON THE ABUNDANCE AND DIVERSITY OF FISHERIES Off IRAQI MARINE WATERS by Ali Taha Yaseen; Amjed Kadhum Resen; Sajid Saad Hassan (2024) - Commercial fish species (highly consumed food fish), such as the Sparidae, the Lethrinidae, the Psettodidae, the Paralichthyidae, Soleidae and most members of the Epinephelidae, occupied this inverse relationship and the extent of their vulnerability to high summer temperatures. Our results show that commercial fish species, numbers, and weights were inversely correlated with water temperatures and salinity. Keywords: analysis; diagram; factors; fish; individuals; iraq; marine; mohamed; salinity; species; study; temperature; water
• RELICT SPECIES FROM AN AFRICAN ORIGIN IN SOUTHWEST ASIA: INSIGHTS INTO THEIR BIOGEOGRAPHY AND CONSERVATION by Moslem Doostmohammadi; Fatemeh Moein; Firouzeh Bordbar (2024) - Ancestral area reconstruction: The ancestral area of Clinopodium kallaricum was estimated based on the molecular dated tree generated in BEAST. Our result of biogeographical analysis for Clinopodium kallaricum and related species showed that DEC (dispersal extinction cladogenesis) is the best model for explaining of Clinopodium biogeographical history. Keywords: african; clinopodium; dogonbadanicum; doostmohammadi; et al; history; hypericum; iran; iraq; kallaricum; mountains; mya; region; relict; saharo; species; zagros
• MORPHOLOGICAL AND MOLECULAR STUDY OF THREE SPECIES OF ACROBELOIDES (COBB, 1924) THORNE, 1937 (RHABDITIDA, CEPHALOBIDAE) AS NEW RECORDS IN IRAQ by Ruia Safwan Kamal; Hayder Badri Ali; Jawad B. Al-Zaidawi (2024) - According to previous observations (Bedding and Akhurst, 1975; Azizoʟglu et al., 2016; Rana et al., 2021), numerous Acrobeloides species have been found to exhibit the insect association nature when they are isolated from soil samples employing the larvae of Galleria. According to phylogenetic analyses based on 18S rDNA sequences published by Rana et al. (2020), isolates of A. saeedi and other unidentified Acrobeloides species from Iran formed a group that was clearly monophyly. Keywords: acrobeloides; bodenheimeri; body; et al; female; iraq; length; nematodes; saeedi; species
• NEW RECORDS OF SPHECIFORMES WASPS (INSECTA, HYMENOPTERA, APOIDEA) FOR DJERBA ISLAND, TUNISIA by Hassib Ben Khedher; Erol Yıldırım (2024) - These materials were identified using Puławski (1971, 2007) for Tachysphex species and Schmidt (2000) and de Beaumont (1951) for Cerceris species. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License ABSTRACT Four species of Spheciformes wasps belonging to two families and two genera Crabronidae Latreille, 1802 (one species to the genus Tachysphex Kohl, 1883) and Philanthidae Latreille, 1802 (three species to the genus Cerceris Latreille, 1802) are reported for the first time from Djerba Island in Tunisia. Keywords: ben; cerceris; hymenoptera; iraq; khedher; records; species; tachysphex; tunisia; wasps; yellow
• NEW BREEDING AND ROOSTING LOCALITIES OF THE CRITICALLY ENDANGERED WHITE-RUMPED VULTURE GYPS BENGALENSIS (GMELIN, 1788) IN RAISEN DISTRICT, MADHYA PRADESH, INDIA by Sudhir Ranjan Choudhury; Ajay Kumar Singh; Ashutosh Anand; Nishikant Krishan; Chityendra Dewangan; Manish Tiwari (2024) - The species reported from Madhya Pradesh are Egyptian Vulture, Cinereous Vulture, Red-headed Vulture, Indian Vulture, White-rumped vulture, Slender-billed Vulture, Griffon Vulture and Himalayan Griffon (Gurjar et al., 2011; Navaneethan et al., 2015; Yadav et al., 2018; Yadav and Kanaujia, 2023).The populations of Gyps vultures in the Indian subcontinent have experienced a severe decline over the past decade, with current numbers estimated to be less than 5% of their original number for various vulture species (Prakash et al., 2003; Navaneethan et al., 2015). Plate (2): Nests of whie rumped vulture on sacred fig F. religiosa. Keywords: area; india; nests; roosting; species; study; trees; vulture; white
• MOLLUSCAN SPECIES IN AL-DALMAJ MARSH, IRAQ: A FIELD SURVEY by Hiba Mohammed Jihad; Intisar F. Abed (2024) - Bulinus acutus (Draparnaud, 1805) 4-Superorder : Hygrophila Family: Physidae Genus: Physella Physella acuta (Draparnaud, 1805)(Pl.1G) Eastern Asia, South and North America, Europe(Crespo et al., 2015) Oriental Africa and northwest Africa, Central Asia and the Middle East (Korniushin, 2004) 17 3 Corbicula andersoniana G. Nevill, 1877 C. aquilina Heude, 1880 C. astronomica Heude, 1880 Corbicula aegyptiaca Germain, 1906 C. alba Clessin, 1877 C. artini Pallary, 1902 C. cor (Lamarck, 1818( Class: Bivalvia Order: Veneridae Family: Cyrenidae Corbicula fluminea (O. F. Müller, 1774)(Pl.1H) Corbicula fluminalis (O. F. Müller, 1774)(Pl.1I) The malacofauna of the Iraqi marshes generally, and particularly that of Al- Dalmaj Marsh, has attracted little attention. According to this study Al-Dalmaj Marsh includes diverse molluscs species and the presented results will provide important information for future studies concerned with the molluscs or Invertebrates biodiversity state of this important ecosystem in Iraq. Keywords: dalmaj; history; iraq; jihad; marsh; museum; natural; species; study
• SURVEY OF BRACHYCERA FLIES ON ALFALFA by Al-Saffar, hanaa H. (2018) - The taxonomic study of fruit flies family: Tephritidae (Insecta: Diptera) from some Governorate of Iraq. PhD. thesis of Biology Department, Collage science, Baghdad University. The previous records of Brachycera flies of alfalfa in Iraq Derwesh, 1965; El-Haderi et al 1972; Al-Ali 1977 and Al- Saffar 2003, 2011 announced to some flies associated with alfalfa. Keywords: alfalfa; diptera; flies; iraq; species

• REDESCRIPTION OF RHIPICEPHALUS PRAVUS DONITZ, 1910 (IXODIDA, IXODIDAE) ON SHEEP IN IRAQ by Afkar M. Hadi (2024) - The current study revealed five sheep were infested with Rhipicephalus pravus in Baghdad Province, central of Iraq. This result agreed with Tamirat (2022), who reviewed a significant abundance of Rhipicephalus pravus in the arid and semi-arid areas of Ethiopia, which indicates that it is resistant to drought. Keywords: baghdad; history; iraq; museum; natural; pravus; rhipicephalus; ticks
• CLASSIFYING FLUVIAL LANDFORMS USING GEOSPATIAL MODELING IN AL-ASHAALI WATERSHED, IRAQI SOUTHERN DESERT by Bashar F. Maaroof; Hashim H. Kareem; Jaffar H. Al-Zubaydi; Rayan G. Thannoun; Manal Sh. Al-Kubaisi; Ban AL- Hasani; Mawada Abdellatif; Iacopo Carnacina (2025) - River landforms have been referred to as channel geomorphic units, habitat units, morphological units, and morphogenetic units; for simplicity, we refer to these features as geomorphic units (Guitet et al., 2013). These plains represent an advanced stage of river erosion. Keywords: area; ashaali; classification; erosion; et al; fluvial; iraq; journal; landforms; maaroof; natural; region; river; sediment; study; valleys; watershed
• GLOBAL CONSERVATION STATUS OF HOUBARA BUSTARD CHLAMYDOTIS UNDULATA (JACQUIN, 1784) (AVES, OTIDIFORMES, OTIDIDAE): A REVIEW STUDY by Khalida I. Hasson; Afkar M. Hadi; Farah A. J. AL- Zahawi (2025) - Restoration of houbara bustard populations in Saudi Arabia: developments and future directions. As they feed alongside their mothers, chicks follow them for protection since they are vulnerable to predators including eagles, hawks, foxes, wolves, reptiles, and snakes (Combreau et al., 2002). Keywords: birds; breeding; bustard; chlamydotis; conservation; et al; history; houbara; iraq; natural; status; undulata
• REVIEW OF OPISTHOGLYPHOUS SNAKES (REPTILIA, OPHIDIA ) OF IRAQ by Afrasiab, Saman R.; Al-Moussawi, Azhar A.; Hadi, Hind D.; Mohamad, Sarbaz Ibrahim (2019) - https://doi.org/10.26842/binhm.7.2019.15.3.0335 336 Review of Opisthoglyphous snakes MATERIALS AND METHODS The study depended on a collection of opisthoglyphous snakes of the Iraq Natural History Research Center and Museum, University of Baghdad (INHRCM); the Kurdistan Natural History Museum, University of Salahaddin, Erbil province, Gafoor (Pers. Twenty six different specimens of opisthoglyphous snakes were used for this study; the photos were taken with a Nikon camera. Keywords: afrasiab; history; iraq; natural; province; snakes
• SEQUENCE STRATIGRAPHY AND PALEOENVIRONMENT OF AALIJI FORMATION IN BAI HASSAN OIL FIELD IN KIRKUK PROVINCE, NORTHERN IRAQ by Faris Nejris Hassan; Yaseen Saleh Kareem; Muthanna Younus Mohammed (2022) - Blocky cement in Planktonic foraminiferal lime wackestone microfacies, BH.90, Depth (1248-1249m),20x; (C) Fractures generation (white arrow) and fossils deformation (red arrows) due to mechanical compaction in Planktonic foraminiferal lime packstone microfacies, BH.52, Depth (1172-1173m), 20x; (D) Hummocky stylolite due to chemical compaction (red arrows) and cementation by blocky cement in Planktonic foraminiferal lime wackestone microfacies, BH.52, Depth (1180m), 20x; (E) Deformed planktonic foraminifera with diagenetic features include fracturing due to mechanical compaction (red arrow), cementation (blue arrow), silicification (grey arrow), and precipitation of authigenic minerals of pyrite (yellow arrows) and glauconite (white arrow) in Planktonic foraminiferal lime wackestone microfacies, BH.138, Depth (1604 m), 40x; (F) Benthic foraminifera with a euhedral crystal of dolomite in Planktonic foraminiferal lime wackestone microfacies, BH.138, Depth (1604 m), 40x; (G) Silicification (yellow arrow) and pyritization (red arrow), BH.52,Depth (1153-1154 m), 20x.; (H) Silicification (yellow arrow) and glauconite (white arrow), BH.138, Depth (1604m), 40x. The second sequence begins with a new transgressive system tract (TST) of deep-sea association of lime mudstone microfacies, which ended with Maximum Flooding Surface (MFS) followed by a Highstand System Tract (HST) of deep shelf association with planktonic foraminiferal wackestone microfacies that ended with (SB1) surface which separate the Paleocene Aaliji Formation from the Eocene Jaddala Formation (Diag. 3). Keywords: aaliji; bulletin; depth; foraminifera; formation; history; iraq; lime; microfacies; museum; natural; planktonic; sequence; surface
• MORPHOLOGICAL, ANATOMICAL AND CHEMICAL STUDY OF AN EXOTIC PLANT JATROPHA INTEGERRIMA JACQ. 1763 (EUPHORBIACEAE) IN IRAQ by Zainab Abid Aun Ali; Hadeel M. Habeeb; Liqaa A. Jazaa (2022) - Pollen grains yellow, spheroidal, dense verrucae or with papillae dense sculptured, processes are arranged in form of reticule, diameter ± 203µ (Pl. 6). Plate (1): Jatropha integerrima; (A) Anthers dehiscent within the floral bud, (B) 134 BULLETIN OF THE IRAQ NATURAL HISTORY MUSEUM Morphological, anatomical and chemical study Plate (3): Jatropha integerrima; (A1, A2 and A3) Compound dichasium inflorescence with bracts, (B1) Female flower, (B2) Female flower at the top of inflorescence. Keywords: bulletin; history; integerrima; iraq; jatropha; museum; natural; reagent; study; tlc
• COMPARATIVE ULTRASTRUCTURAL STUDY OF THE SALIVARY GLANDS OF TWO HEMATOPHAGOUS LEECHES (ANNELIDA, CLITELLATA, ARHYNCHOBDELLIDA) IN IRAQ by Huda Sdiq Bilal; Sherwan Tayeb Ahmed (2023) - Based on the current observational and multiple prior histological investigations (Van der Lande,1968; Mishra and Dev, 1976), it is evident that these jawed leeches' salivary cells are single cells and free cells of different measurements that are assembled in grape-like designs and are matching with other representations of leech salivary glands (Lemke et al., 2013; Saglam et al., 2020). Sulci on the smooth outside surface of the cell were visible, and it appeared as a collection of different-sized cells with system channels interconnecting salivary gland cells to ducts in addition to the thousands of secretory cells. Keywords: cells; gland; hirudo; history; iraq; jaws; leeches; limnatis; museum; natural; salivary
• A COMPARATIVE-MORPHOLOGICAL STUDY OF SKULLS IN TWO SPECIES OF CARNIVOROUS AND HERBIVOROUS MAMMALS by Hind Dyia Hadi; Noor Hussein Yousif (2023) - Some studies utilizing computed tomography (CT) revealed that the bones of the skull consist of nasal bone, maxilla, palate, sphenoid bone, frontal bone, parietal bone, zygomatic bone, temporal bone with bulla tympanum, occipital bone, and mandible matched the results of the current study with wild rabbits whereas found that there is lake bone connection between the base of the skull and the temporal bone, with clearly differentiated occipital and temporal bone (Prebble and Meredith, 2014). The bones of the frontal, maxillary, and palate zygomatic arch (Joshi, 2004), in sentences with, and (Prebble and Meredith, 2014) dog with palatine bones, front, jaws and the zygomatic (Miller et al., 1964) equal to the red fox. Keywords: bone; fox; history; iraq; jaw; journal; museum; natural; red; skull
• NEW TAXA OF DIGGER WASPS: TRIBE, OXYBELINI (CRABRONIDAE, HYMENOPTERA) FROM IRAQ by Shatha Abdullateef Hamodee; Maan Abdul Azeez Shafeeq (2023) - A new genus of digger wasps of the tribe Oxybelini (Hymenoptera, Sphecidae), Crabroninae) from South Africa. A new genus of digger wasps of the tribe Oxybelini (Hymenoptera, Crabronidae) from the Cape Province of South Africa. Keywords: antropov; digger; history; hymenoptera; iraq; museum; natural; oxybelini; wasps

• NEW RECORDS OF FREE-LIVING PROTOZOA (SARCODINA) FROM BAGHDAD CITY, IRAQ by Zahraa Y. Kadhim (2022) - The lobose testate amoebae are globally distributed in both aquatic and terrestrial environments; they are consuming prey (such as: bacteria, algae, smaller protists, yeast, etc.) via phagocytosis; they are used as indicators for each of acidity of lake (Patterson et al., 2002); industrial influences (Nasser et al., 2016); quality of water (Roe et al., 2010); seasonal change of environment and ecosystem health (Li et al., 2017). LITERATURE CITED Adl, S. M., Simpson, A. G. B., Lane, C. E., Lukeš, J., Bass, D., Bowser, S., Brown, M. W., Burki, F., Dunthorn, M., Hampl, V., Heiss, A., Hoppenrath, M., Lara, E., Le Gall, L., Lynn, D. H., McManus, H., Mitchell, E. A. D., Mozley-Stanridge, S. E., Parfrey, L. W., Pawlowski, J., Rueckert, S., Shadwick, L., Schoch, C. L., Smirnov, A. and Spiegel, F. W. 2012. Keywords: crossref; history; iraq; museum; protozoa; sarcodina

• Hydrophilidae of Iraq (insect , Coleopterws) by Abdul-Rassoul, M. S. (1999) - Full page photo Keywords: photo
• parasites of the house fly Musca domestica L. (Distera , Muscidae) in Iraq by Abdul-Rassoul, M. S.; Mohammad, Mohammad K.; Kadhim, F. S. (1999) - Full page photo Keywords: photo
• Effect of juvenile hormone analogue and precoene II on the growth and metamorphosis of house fly Musca domwstica by Abid, Abd Al-Nabi Jwaied (1999) - Full page photo Keywords: photo
• Development of thyroid gland in common carp Cyprinus carpio L. (Cyprinidae) by AL-Aciharni, M. A.; AL-Bakri, N. A. (1999) - Full page photo Keywords: photo
• new species of ground beetles (Coleptera : Carabidae) from Iraq by Ali, H. A. (1999) - Full page photo Keywords: photo
• Some leaf hopper and a plant hopper with their populations in Abu-Ghraib, Iraq by Al-Rubai, Hadi M.; Al-Azawi, Abdulla F. (1999) - Full page photo Keywords: photo
• Grain size and sorting as indicators of depositional environment of ghar formation (late lower Miocene), Iraq by Al-Zubaidi, Aqeel A.; Jan, Sadi K.; Al-Amiry, Jabbar A. H. (1999) - Full page photo Keywords: photo
• Role of Bathyplectes curulionis (Thomson) (Hymenoptera : Ichneumoidae) in controlling alfalfa weevil in central Iraq by Hassan, Hassaia F. (1999) - Full page photo Keywords: photo
• Biostratigraphy of shirranish formation, well DD.1 (N. Iraq) by Jan, Sadi K. (1999) - Full page photo Keywords: photo
• Insects associated with inflorescence rot disease of date in Iraq by Matani, Jameel S. (1999) - Full page photo Keywords: photo
• Records of some leaf miners of Anthomylidae, (Diptera) and their host plants in Iraq by Mekhlif, Atallah F. (1999) - Full page photo Keywords: photo
• Helminth parasites of the kestrel Falco tinnunculus L. 1758 in Iraq by Mohammad, Mohammad K. (1999) - Full page photo Keywords: photo
• Species the soft tck genus Argas (Acarina ,Ixodoidea) in Iraq by Mohammad, Mohammad K. (1999) - Full page photo Keywords: photo
• INSECT PESTS INFESTING ANIMAL MUSEUM COLLECTIONS IN IRAQ by Abdul-Rassoul, M. S. (1996) - Full page photo Keywords: photo
• SOME CHRYSOMELIDAE ( COLEOPTERA ) FROM IRAQ by Abdul-Rassoul, M. S.; Ali, H. A. (1996) - Full page photo Keywords: photo
• SOME ECTOPARASITCES OF THE HEDGEHOG HEMIECHINUS AURITUS GMELIN (INSECTIVORA, ERINACEIDAE ) CENTRAL IRAQ by Abul-hab, Jalil; Shihab, Batool Ali (1996) - Full page photo Keywords: photo
• NOTES ON SCOLECOPHIDIANS (BLIND SNARES) REPT1LIA SERPENTES, OF IRAQ by Afrasiab, Saman R.; Ali, H. A. (1996) - Full page photo Keywords: photo
• THE ROLE OF SPECIFIC AMINO ACIDS IN THE PROTECTION OF E. COLI AGAINST B-LACTAM ANTIBIOTICS IN VITRO by Ammash, Huda S.; Kassim, Sahar (1990) - Full page photo Keywords: photo
• DESCRIPTION OF NEW SPECIES OF TERMITES (INSECTA, ISOPTERA) FROM IRAQ by Al-Alawy, Sadi A.; Abdul-Rassoul, M. S.; Al-Azawi, A. F. (1990) - Full page photo Keywords: photo
• BIOSTRATIGRAPHY OF THE ANAH AND EUPHRATES FORMATIONS AT WADI BANAT AL-HASSAN (W. IRAQ) by Al-Sayyab, Abdullah S.; Al-Hamdani, Ashwaq T. (1990) - Full page photo Keywords: photo
• MEDIUM OPTIMIZATION FOR BIOMASS PRODUCTION AND PROTEIN CONTENT OF CANDIDA UTILES K50 by Baqir, Abdul W. (1990) - Full page photo Keywords: photo
• AQUATIC INVERTEBRATE FAUNA OF AN UPLAND RESERVOIR SYSTEM, CO-WICKLOW, IRELAND by Bracken, J. J.; Dauod, Hussain A. M. (1990) - Full page photo Keywords: photo
• COMPARISON OF ALFALFA WEEVIL POPULATIONS UNDER EPIZOOTIC AND ENZOOTIC CONDITIONS OF ERYNIAPHYTONOMI IN WISCONSIN by Hassan, Hassan F.; Boush, G. M. (1990) - Full page photo Keywords: photo
• THE INFLUENCE OF TEMPERATURE AND HUMIDITY ON THE BIOLOGY OF THE HOUSE DUST MITE DERMATOPHAGOIDES PTERONYSSINUS TROUESSART 1897 (ACARI : PYROGLYPHIDAE) by Hassan, Kadhim S. (1990) - Full page photo Keywords: photo
• FIRST RECORD OF FIVE NEMATODES FROM IRAQI TURTLES by Molan, Abdul L. (1990) - Full page photo Keywords: photo
• HELMINTH PARASITES OF THE BLACK PARTRIDGE FRANCOLINUS FRANCOLINUS ARABISTANICUS IN BAGHDAD AREA, IRAQ. by Mohammad, Mohammad K. (1990) - Full page photo Keywords: photo
• NEMATODE PARASITES OF SOME IRAQI BATS by Mohammad, Mohammad K.; Kagei, Noboru (1990) - Full page photo Keywords: photo
• NATURAL ENEMIES OF WHITEFLIES IN IRAQ by abdul-Wahab, Wail; Ibraheem, Naima; Shaker, Parween (1990) - Full page photo Keywords: photo
• New Records And Some Notes On The Broad Bean Root Aphids and Their Natural Enemies in Hammam Al-Alil by Al-Jabery, Ibrahim A. R. (1999) - Full page photo Keywords: photo
• APANTELES ANGALETI (MUSEBECK). HYMENOPTERA BRACONIDAE A NEW RECORD SPECIES IN IRAQ by Al-Maliky, Sadika K.; Al-lzzi, Mohammed A. J. (1990) - Full page photo Keywords: photo

• QUANTITATIVE ANALYSIS USING GEOSPATIAL MODELING OF AL-RAHIMAWI WATERSHED'S SHAPE PROPERTIES IN THE IRAQI SOUTHERN DESERT by Bashar F. Maaroof (2024) - INTRODUCTION Geomorphometric studies of river drainage basins are one of the main and essential subjects in geomorphology of the recent trends in this major (Maaroof, 2022a). The study of shape characteristics of river drainage basins depends on several geomorphometric parameters, most of which are based on the laws of Horton (1945), Strahler (1957), Schumm (1963), and other researchers. Keywords: analysis; area; basin; drainage; erosion; iraq; length; rahimawi; ratio; river; shape; sub; values; watershed
• LANDSCAPE-DEPENDENT VARIABILITY OF MORPHOMETRIC TRAITS IN CARABUS GRANULATUS L., 1758 (COLEOPTERA, CARABIDAE) by Roman Gorbunov; Viktor Aleksanov; Rifgat Shagidullin; Sergey Berdnik; Raisa Sukhodolskaya (2025) - Overall, the length of the pronotum shows higher values for ground beetles from spruce forests (Kaluga urban forest, Milyatino, Budnyansky), lower 728 Bull. In general, ground beetles from spruce forests are characterized by higher values, while those from small-leaved forests have lower values; the values for ground beetles from broadleaf forests vary significantly. Keywords: beetles; differences; forests; ground; habitat; iraq; kaluga; length; locality; populations; pronotum; region; small; spruce; traits; values; width
• A NEW SPECIES OF RHYNCOMYAROB.-DESVOIDY, 1830 (DIPTERA : CALLIPHORIDAE) FROM IRAQ by Mawlood, N. A.; Abdul-Rassoul, M. S. (2011) - 4c) is composed essentialy of two oval longitudinal plates, which may be widely separated, fused at their posterior medial ends, which provided with a row of short bristles; Sternite 7 (fig. 4d) with oval shaped basal, its surface with moderate dense of short bristles; Tergite 8 (fig 4 e) consist of two cup shaped plates which flanks the ovipositor, their surface without bristles; Sternite 8 (fig. Legs: Yellow, fore femure with a pair rows of long bristles on the posterodorsal surface, a row of long bristles on the posteroventral surface; fore tibia with a row of moderate dense bristles on anterodorsal surface, 1bristle on the anteroventral surface; mid femure with a row of bristles on the posteroventral surface; mid tibia (fig. Keywords: bristles; fig; length; surface; yellow
• FOUR NEW SPECIES OF THRIPS (THYSANOPTERA: THRIPIDAE) FROM MIDDLE OF IRAQ by Hamodi, Awatif Abdul-Fatah; Abdul-Rassoul, M. S. (2010) - Abdomen long, cylindrical, constricted toward the tip, Posterior margin of abdominal segments 2- 8 provided with structure like teeth, comb absent on eighth segment, with a pair of setae on the tergium, inner seta 16-17 μ in length, outer 20-22 μ, the sense pore upper the inner setae, four pairs setae on ninth segment, that’s on posterior margin 41-43 μ, the lateral 49-50 μ in length. Apterous, small in size, 0.7 mm, color of mouth part, prothorax, pterothorax, legs, abdominal segments 1-8 and antennal segments 1- 4 pale yellow, with rest body brown, setae dark. Keywords: length; margin; segments; setae
• A NEW SPECIES OF THE GENUS POLLENIA ROB.-DESVOIDY, 1830 (DIPTERA : CALLIPHORIDAE) FROM IRAQ by Mawlood, N. A.; Abdul-Rassoul, M. S. (2009) - Male: Head (fig.1a) circular, vertex narrow, black, with a pair of inner vertical bristles, moderately strong and slightly curved, postvertical bristles weak and similar in length to inner ones; compound eyes oval ,dark brown length 2.1-1.9mm, width 1.3-1.1mm and occupy nearly 3/4 of anterior region of the head with densely slivery pollen, and a row of postocular bristles; ocular trianguler promenin, black with a pair of ocullar bristles equal to length of inner vertical bristles and with a few number of short setae; oceli dark brown; Frontal stripe black with eight bristles; parafrontal black with densely silvery pollen and numerous of setae; face redish with yellow pollen and numerous black and yellow setae; parafacial brown-black with silvery pollen with a few of yellow setae; facial groove concave with prominent carina; facial ridge with seven bristles; epistoma; redish; vibrissae well developed; gena reddish, with yellow setae; Antenna (fig.lb) with three segments, first segment deeply brown with 6-5 setae second segment reddish with 14-12 setae, and long bristles, third segment reddish, all segments with silvery pollen; Maxillary palp reddish, clavate shaped, its apical half with different length of moderate densely bristles; Mentum (fig.1c) dark brown, oval shaped with different length of setae and two long bristles; Labrum-epipharynx cone shaped, its apodeme rod, strongly sclerotized, 0.59-0.52mm length; Oral lobes dark brown, its surface with different length of densely of yellow bristles and setae; Prestomal teeth yellow and very short Head in female similar to that of the male except outer vertical bristles well developed, frons wide with 2 proclinate and 1 reclinate Fronto-Orbital bristles. Legs: dark brown, with slivery pollen, fore tibia with a row of bristles on anterodorsal surface and 1 bristle on posteroventral surface; mid tibia (fig.2a,b) with 4-3 bristles on each posterodorsal and anteroventral surface; hind tibia with 2 bristles on each anterodorsal and anteroventral surface. Keywords: black; bristles; length; setae; surface
• SOME NEMATODE PARASITES OF THE GREEN TOAD BUFO VIRIDIS LAURENTI, 1768 IN BAGHDAD AREA, CENTRAL IRAQ by Jasim, Suhad Y. (2008) - Laurenti, 1768 collected from Baghdad area,central Iraq. This study will be devoted for nematode parasites and the results on the cestodes will be discussed in a separate paper. Keywords: baghdad; iraq; length; nematode; parasites
• REDESCRIPTION AND SOME POLYMORPHISM NOTES IN WORKERS OFCAMPONOTUS XERXESFOREL, 1904 (HYMENOPTERA: FORMICIDAE; FORMICINAE) by Aneed, Israa Khalaf; Augul, Razzaq Shalan; Al-Bahadyli, Layla Jabbar Mohammed (2016) - Maxilla (Figure 2): Cardo shorter and smaller sized than second part of maxilla, base of cardo articulates with hypostoma, apical part joined with stipes; stipes large and elongated, concave toward internal side, external surface corrugated or wavy, carrying on its apex rest of maxilla parts that include maxillary palp and galea. Femur similar to shape of fore leg, but thinner and slightly longer; posterior surface contained three moderately, wide separated, erect setulae on basal half; apical part of femur with short several spinules, and located around apex. Keywords: apex; length; parts; plate; setae; specimens; surface; view; xerxes

• CRABRONID WASPS: AN UPDATED CHECKLIST FROM IRAQ by Shatha Abdullateef Hamodee (2025) - Iraq nat. Iraq nat. Keywords: distribution; genus; iran; iraq; kazakhstan; russia; tajikistan; türkiye; wasps
• ON SOME SPECIES OF TUBULIFEROUS THRIPS (THYSANOPTERA: PHLAEOTHRIPIDAE) FROM BAGHDAD, IRAQ by Hamodi, Awatif Abdul-fatah; Abdul-Rassoul, M. S. (2010) - Two of these were reported previously, Haplothrips cerealis Priesner, by El- Haidari and Daoud 1971.and Haplothrips tritici kurdjumov by Al -Ali 1977, and the rest were recorded for the first time : these are Haplothrips hukkineni Priesner; Haplothrips subtilissimus (Haliday) ؛ Haplothrips reuteri Karny; Haplothrips jasonis Priesner; Haplothrips sallloumensis Priesner ; Haplothrips pharao Priesner ; Phlaeothrips sycomri Priesner; Karnyothrips flavipus (Jones); Karnyothrips melaleucus (Bagnall) ; Dolicholepta micrurus (Bagnall). في العراق ً نھا مسجلة سابقا ِ النوع االول : اثنان م Haplothrips cerealis Priesner، ِبل ألحیدري Keywords: baghdad; distribution; females; haplothrips; iraq; material; priesner
• NOTES ON SOME ARMORED SCALE INSECTS (HEMIPTERA:DIASPIDIDAE) OF IRAQ by AL-Malo, Iman Mohammed; Abdul-Rassoul, M. S. (2010) - Materialss examined : 20 female, Mansoor,20.IX.2004, on leaves of Alterathera bettyichiana L. Seven female, Grayait, Gadyria, Al-Athamia,20.VIII.2004, 1.V.2004,on leaves of Celosia cristata L. 10 female, Grayait, Abu- Gharb,14.IX.2003,10.X.2004, on leaves of Zizphus spina-christi (L.) 50 female, Al- Yarmok, Al- Latifia(Baghdad), new Baghdad,20.IX.2002,12.VIII.2004, 25.IX.2005, on leaves of Populus sp. 20 female, Al-kadra,15.V.2004, on leaves of Ricinus communis L. 13 I. M. AL-Malo and M. S. These insects cause necrosis and chlorosis of leaves , and cansequently leaves fall and sometimes they can kill a host plant. Keywords: baghdad; distribution; female; grayait; insects; iraq; leaves
• A REVISED CHECKLIST OF THE ROBBER FLY GENERA (DIPTERA, ASILIDAE) FROM IRAQ by Al–Saffar, Hanaa H. (2017) - MATERIAS AND METHODS Many specimens of robber flies were collected by sweeping net in various habitats from several regions of Iraq during 2016; also I used the unidentified species that stored in Iraq Natural History Museum. INTRODUCTION Asilidae is one of the most important families of order Diptera and called robber flies which belonging to super family Asiloidea likely originated close to 200 million years ago (Wiegmann et al., 2003). Keywords: 2003a; asilidae; diptera; distribution; geller; genus; grimm; iraq
• SURVEY OF PREDATOR AND PARASITOID INSECTS IN DUHOK PROVINCE, KURDISTAN REGION, IRAQ by Hassan, Feyroz Ramadan (2021) - General distribution: Afghanistan, Armenia, Algeria, Canary Islands, Chad, Cape Verde Islands, Egypt, Iraq, Iran, Libya, Morocco, Mauritania, Senegal, Saudi Arabia, Syria, Turkmenistan, Tunisia, Uzbekistan, Yemen (Aukema et al., 2013, Ghahari et al., 2013). General distribution: North Africa, Italy (Sicily), Malta, Balkan Peninsula, Arabian Peninsula, Iran, Pakistan, Iraq (Aukema et al., 2013; Ghahari et al., 2013). Keywords: center; distribution; district; duhok; family; iran; iraq; materials; specimens; summel; trees

• RECORDING OF FIVE MONOGENETIC TREMATODES FOR THE FIRST TIME FROM FISHES OF IRAQ by Mhaisen, Furhan T.; Balasem, Abbas N.; Al–Khateeb, Ghassan H.; Asmar, Kasim R. (2003) - Adday et al., 1999; Al-Aubaidi, 1999; Al-Aubaidi et al., 1999; Asmar et al., 1999; Mohammad-Ali et al., 1999; Sadek, 1999; Al-Nasiri, 2000; Balasem et al., 2000; Salih et al., 2000; Al-Tamimi, 2001; Al-Tamimi et al., 2001; Al-Nasiri et al., 2002), from A. vorax and B. esocinus (Mohammad - Ali et al., 1999), from B. grypus (Salih et al., 2000), from B. xanthopterus (Al- Nasiri, 2000; Salih et al., 2000), from C. auratus (Salih et al., 2000), from C. carassius (Mohammad-Ali et al., 1999), from C. idella (Mohammad- Ali et al., 1999; Salih et al., 2000) and from L. abu (Salih et al., 2000). However, this number is increasing as new surveys add new items to this group of fish parasites. Keywords: baghdad; et al; fishes; heckel; hooks; iraq; mhaisen; present; river
• COLOR VARIATION OF STREPTOPELIA DECAOCTO (AVIS, COLUMBIDAE) WITH SOME NOTES ON ENDOPARASITES by Afrasiab, Saman R.; Al-Moussawi, Azhar A.; Mohammad, Mohammad K. (2017) - Previously the doves recorded in Iraq were collared dove Streptopelia decaocto (Frivaldsky). 270 Color Variation of Streptopelia Decaocto A B Plate (1): Dead collared dove Streptopelia decaocto with normal color (A) Dorsal view (B) Ventral view Plate (2) : Color variation in Streptopelia decaocto, right; light face, left; dark face. Keywords: baghdad; color; decaocto; dove; iraq; population; streptopelia
• HOST PLANTS AND DISTRIBUTION OF SOME WHITEFLIES SPECIES (HEMIPTERA, ALEYRODIDAE) IN THE MIDDLE OF IRAQ by Al-malo, Iman M.; Abdul-Rassoul, M. S. (2017) - (=T. rara Signh, 1931) Materials Examined:43 pupal case, Baghdad, 4, 9.IV.1988 on Zizyphus spina-christi (Linne.) The infected leaves by the whitefly were examined by a binocular dissecting microscope to distinguish the pupal case with a fine needle, pupal cases were mounted on slides according to Bink (1979), and examined under a compound microscope by using an ocular micrometer to measure length of the insect. Keywords: baghdad; case; linne; pupal; pupal case
• NEW RECORD OF PROTOZOAN NYCTOTHERUS HARDWICKII (JANAKIDEVI, 1961) FROM ROUGH-TAILED GECKO CYRTOPODION SCABRUM IN BAGHDAD, IRAQ by Hadi, Afkar M.; Taher, Ahlam J. (2017) - The current study describes the ciliate species of N. hardwickii isolated from the gut of Rough-tailed gecko Cyrtopodion scabrum for the first time in Baghdad capital of Iraq. During the present study 28 gecko were dissected only 16 were positive for the presence of N. hardwickii in their guts; the infection rate was 57.14%. Keywords: baghdad; gecko; hardwickii; iraq
• NEW RECORD OF BRACHYDISTOMUM MICROSCELIS (YAMAGUTI, 1933) (TREMATODA, DICROCOELIIDAE) FROM HOUSE SPARROWPASSER DOMESTICUS BIBLICUS HARTERT, 1904 IN BAGHDAD, IRAQ by Hadi, Afkar M.; Taher, Ahlam J. (2020) - MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 30 specimens of house sparrow (15 females and 15 males) were collected by netting traps from gardens of some houses in Baghdad city Iraq, from March 2018 to July 2019. Then, Mohammad and Al-Moussawi 28 New record of Brachydistomum microscelis (2012) recorded nematodes in gizzard in Baghdad city. Keywords: baghdad; birds; brachydistomum; house; iraq; microscelis; sparrow
• FIRST RECORD OF NIGRA SCALE, PARASAISSETIA NIGRA (NIETNER, 1861) (HEMIPTERA; COCCIDAE) AS A PEST OF FIG TREES IN IRAQ by Abdul-Rassoul, M. S.; Mallo, I. M. (2016) - The aim of this study was to determine the occurrence of nigra scale, Parasaissetia nigra for the first time on the fig tree in Iraq. Pomegranate scale Parasaissetia nigra (Nietner, 1861) Keywords: baghdad; coccidae; fig; hemiptera; iraq; nigra; parasaissetia; scale
• SURVEY OF THE GENUS PHYTOMYZA FALLEN,1810 (DIPTERA: AGROMYZIDAE) OF IRAQ by Al-Saffar, hanaa H. (2014) - Ph. atricornis Meigen 1838; ph. rufipes Meigen,1830; Ph. ranunculi (Schrank,1803). The paper showed there are four species of this genus during the work: Phytomyza horticola Gourear,1840; Ph. atricornis Meigen, 1838; Ph. rufipes Meigen,1830; Ph. ranunculi (Schrank,1803) Key words: Leaf miners, Agromyzidae, plantshosts, Phytomyza , Iraq fauna INTRODUCTION Agromyzidae is commonly referred to as the leaf –miners, for the feeding habit of larvae, most of which are leaf miners on various plants, some of them are stem borer of galls maker .The Keywords: agromyzidae; baghdad; diptera; iraq; leaf; phytomyza
• ROLE OF DOMESTIC CATS FELIS CATUS AS RESERVOIR HOSTS OF INTERNAL PARASITES AND PROTOZOA IN BAGHDAD by Hadi, Afkar M.; Faraj, Azhar A. (2014) - The aim of this study is identification of gastrointestinal parasites and protozoa in cats. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 80 feces samples from house and stray cats to investigate gastrointestinal parasites and protozoa were collected in Baghdad from March to October 2013, (10 samples/month). Keywords: baghdad; cats; infection; iraq; parasites; samples

• CALCAREOUS NANNOFOSSILS BIOSTRATIGRAPHY OF JADDALA FORMATION IN WELL (AJEEL-10), CENTRAL IRAQ by Al-Nuaimi, Israa Sabah; Al-Badrani, Omar Ahmed (2021) - 353 Al-Nuaimi and Al-Badrani Diagram (3): correlated chart of calcareous nannofossils biozones for studied section 354 Calcareous nannofossils biostratigraphy of Jaddala ACKNOWLEDGMENTS We would like to thank Mosul University, College of Science, Geology Department for supporting the authors by offering laboratory to accomplish this work. Sphenolithus sp. (Pl.6 k) Diagram (1): Percentage of studied calcareous nannofossils taxa; (a) calcareous nannofossils groups, (b) Heterococcolithus families, (c) Holococcoliths families, (d) Nannoliths families. Keywords: badrani; biozone; bramlette; calcareous; cne; discoaster; eocene; formation; genus; iraq; jaddala; nannofossils; sullivan

• MINERALOGY AND GEOCHEMISTRY OF CORAL REEF IN IRAQI MARINE ENVIRONMENT IN THE NORTH PART OF ARABIAN GULF by Al-Jaberi, Mohanad H.; Al-Dabbas, Moutaz A.; Jaber, Munaf Q. (2018) - There are some special pattern of distribution for major and trace elements in coral reef area based on calcium content. The interesting in the geochemical analysis of marine sediments in coral reef area is the larger percentages of calcium oxide than the other calcium contents in Iraqi marine sediments; Al-Jaberi (2015) gave important information about the content of major and trace elements in Iraqi marine sediments; stated that calcium oxide range in these sediments between 13.1-23%. Keywords: arabian; aragonite; area; calcite; carbonate; coral; elements; gulf; marine; minerals; reefs; sediments; site
• ROCK SLOPE FAILURE BLOCKS AND THEIR RELATION TO TECTONIC ACTIVITY: A CASE STUDY IN 3B HIGHWAY, XUATHOA AREA, BACKAN PROVINCE, VIETNAM by Thanh, Phi Truong; Thinh, Phi Hong; Ha, Nguyen Viet (2018) - Method of slope failure analysis The analyses of plane failure, wedge failure, toppling failure and circular failure were carried out by Hoek and Bray’s application (2004), based on the fracture orientation; the analytical results will indicate the types of plane failure, wedge failure, toppling failure and circular failure on the rock slope surface as shown in the figures below. Recently, the other authors of Vietnam have http://dx.doi.org/10.26842/binhm.7.2018.15.2.0207 208 Rock Slope Failure Blocks and their Relation developed the Block Theory of Goodman and Shi (1985) to analyze slope failure based on fracture orientation and slope surface direction (Nguyen and Phi, 2014). Keywords: area; failure; highway; nguyen; plane failure; sites; slope; slope failure; survey; vietnam; wedge failure
• ANALYSIS OF MICROFACIES AND DEPOSITIONAL ENVIRONMENT OF LIMESTONE IN YOSONEGORO AREA, GORONTALO PROVINCE, INDONESIA by Permana, Aang Panji; Pramumijoyo, Subagyo; Akmaluddin, Akmaluddin (2019) - Compilation of standard microfacies and paleobathymetry types shows changes in depositional environment from the slope environment to the toe of slope environment. Depositional environment of pelagic mudstone microfacies (SMF 3) and packstone litho- bioclastics microfacies (SMF 4) with paleobathymetry upper slope - lower slope is a toe of slope environment (FZ 3). Keywords: analysis; area; environment; formation; limestone; meters; microfacies; paleobathymetry; research; slope; sulawesi
• A STUDY OF PHYSICAL AND ANATOMICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THE HEAVY METAL ACCUMULATION OF JUNCUS RIGIDUS DESFONTAINES, 1798 (FAMILY, JUNCACEAE) IN BASRAH PROVINCE, SOUTHEREN OF IRAQ by Hamza, Shatha Mohammed; Al-Saadi, Sahar A. A. Malik; Al-Abbawy, Dunya A. Hussain (2020) - Chemical analysis of the heavy metals (Cd, Ni, and Pb) in the roots, culm, and leaves of J. rigidus plant was achieved through HNO3 digestion and the final filtrated mixture was subjected to an atomic spectrophotometer (Phoenix-986, CITY, England). (Concentration Metals) soil TF = (Concentration Metals) shoot / (Concentration Metals) root BAC = (Concentration Metals) shoot / (Concentration Metals) soil Anatomical study For the anatomical studies, ten specimens of J. rigidus plants were collected from each station; the permanent sections of roots and culms were ready, the plant parts were cut into 10-15 cm pieces and fixed for 24 hours in formalin-acetic acid and alcohol (FAA) and were preserved in 70% ethyl alcohol, then dehydrated in an ethyl alcohol series. Keywords: accumulation; area; culm; et al; juncus; lead; metals; plant; pollution; rigidus; roots; soil; station; study
• THE IMPORTANCE OF GEODIVERSITY ON THE ANIMAL DIVERSITY IN HUWAIZA MARSH AND THE ADJACENT AREAS, SOUTHEASTERN IRAQ by Al-Zubaidi, Aqeel Abbas; Mohammad, Mohammad K.; Rasheed, Muaid J. (2018) - 27- Shoveller, Anas clypeata Linnaeus, 1758 (Pl. Pintail, Anas acuta Linnaeus, 1758. Keywords: alzubaidi; animal; area; geodiversity; habitat; huwaiza; huwaiza marsh; importance; iraq; linnaeus; marsh; plate; rivers; sand; sediments; soil; spp; water
• EARTH SURFACE PROCESSES AND LAND FORMS OF SOUTH WEST RAZZAZA LAKE-CENTRAL IRAQ by Al-Zubaidi, Aqeel Abbas; Jan, Sadi Kan (2016) - الرباعي ، والجروف الصخرية، التعروية، مثل الهضاب الكبيرة والمتوسطة، والتالل -الوحدات التركيبية -1 وحدات حركة -3. واهم هذه الوحدات في منطقة الدراسة هي والرملية، والرملية الحصوية، والغرينية، والطينية، والجبسم الثانوي، الى جانب رواسب العصر : ويمكن تقسيم االشكال االرضية لمنطقة الدراسة استنادا الى اصل نشوءها الى عدة وحدات. Keywords: area; earth; formation; forms; lake; land; origin; plateau; processes; sand; sediments; surface; water; west
• THE STATUS AND CONSERVATION OF THE VULNERABLE MARBLED TEAL MARMARONETTA ANGUSTIROSTRIS, MENETRIS (AVES-ANSERIFORMES) IN AL-DALMAJ WETLANDS, IRAQ. by Abed, Salwan Ali; Altaey, Maysoon M.; Salim, Mudhafar A. (2018) - Figure-4 : The counts of Marbled Teal in DL-4 Marbled Teal status in DL-5 DL-5 area in general provides good habitat for the occurrence and distribution of the Marbled Teal. This study tackles the all possible aspects of the ecological and biological statuses of Marbled Teal (Threatened – Vulnerable bird species – IUCN Redlist) by means of field surveys and systematic monitoring that were conducted along the four seasons over the years 2013-2014 in one of the ecologically important and prominent and poorly-known wetlands in the Middle Euphrates, that is Hor Al- Dalmaj, as a highly important wetland on the national, regional and global levels that holds Key Biodiversity Areas (KBA), Important Bird Areas (IBA), and Important Plant Areas (IPA). Keywords: area; individuals; iraq; months; occurrence; period; population; teal

• ISOLATION AND IDENTIFICATION OF INTESTINAL PARASITES FROM VEGETABLES FROM DIFFERENT MARKETS OF IRAQ. by Hadi, Afkar M. (2011) - Study shows high rates of pollution with Echinococcus sp and Toxocara sp. eggs of dogs and cats which means high risk to community since Holly (2008) indicated that they may not only be most pathogenic to their specific host, they may also be the major causes of zoonosis. Parascaris equorum Strongyloides westeri Toxocara sp. Ascaris lumbricoides Hymenolepis sp 97 67.3% 47 32.6% Total Table.3: Measurements and brief description of parasites eggs from vegetables. Keywords: eggs; iraq; parasites; toxocara
• FIRST RECORD IN IRAQ OF TWO NEMATODE PARASITES FROM THE BLUE-CHEEKED BEE-EATER MEROPS SUPERCILIOSUS PERSICUS PALLAS, 1773 by Al-Moussawi, Azhar A. (2008) - It comes to our country from South Africa and Eastern coasts of Africa after spending winter therewith the beginning of March (Fry, 1991; Mohammad et al., 2002). The parasite is well recognized as an avian parasite but is rarely reported as pathogenic although Appleby et al. (1995) described in an occasional record severe disease in Cyprus pigeons due to this parasite. Keywords: bird; iraq; nematodes; new; parasites; record
• EFFICIENCY OF PARASITOIDS OF PEA LEAFMINER PHYTOMYZA HORTICOLA GOUREAU AND THEIR APPEARANCE TIME IN THE FIELD by Mekhlif, A. F. (2002) - Drea et al., (1982) and Sugimoto, (1979) reported that larval parasites were vary aggressive for some agromyzid leafminers, which one of them P. horticola. Diglyphus iseae Walker and Cirrospilus vittatus Walker were dominant larval parasites. Keywords: horticola; host; iseae; larvae; parasites; table
• SURVEY ON THE PREVALENCE OF INTESTINAL PARASITES AMONG ORPHAN CHILDREN INHABIT TWO STATEHOMES IN BAGHDAD CITY by Arif, Saad M.; Ibrahim, Zaman A. A. (2001) - Of 230 stool samples, 73 (31.7%) were positive for intestinal parasite. Table 1: Prevalence of intestinal parasites among orphans children inhabit two statehomes for males and females. Keywords: children; infection; parasites; prevalence
• INTENSITY AND HISTOPATHOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF THE NEMATODE HARTERTIA GALLINARUM(THEILER, 1919) ON SEESEE PARTRIDGE, AMMOPERDIX GRISEOGULARIS ( BRANDT, 1843)COLLECTED FROM QA’ RA AREA, WEST OF IRAQ by Mahmoud, S. S.; Mohammad, Mohammad K.; Yasin, Suhad (2000) - The tissue reaction to nematode parasites probably have not been studied as extensively as the reactions to other infective agents ( Poynter, 1966) although the nematodes constitute the most important group of helminth parasites ( Ruff. 1978 ) . which constitute the most important group of helminth parasites. Keywords: fig; intestine; iraq; liver; nematode; parasites

• MICROFACIES ANALYSIS OF SHIRANISH FORMATION AT HIJRAN SECTION- NE IRAQ by Jan, Saadi K.; Al-Zubaidi, Aqeel A.; Al-Dulaimi, Salam I. (2012) - INTRODUCTION Shiranish Formation (Late Campanian-Maastrichtian) was first described at Shiranish Islam near Zakho, by Henson (1940) in (Bellen et al., 1959), consisting of marl and thin bedded marly limestone contains planktonic foraminifera. Springer Verlag, pub.1., Berlin- Heidelberg-New York 471 p. 19 Jan et al. 20 Microfacies Analysis of Shiranish 21 Jan et al. 22 Microfacies Analysis of Shiranish 23 Jan et al. 24 Microfacies Analysis of Shiranish Bull. Keywords: carbonate; facies; formation; iraq; microfacies; shiranish
• SEDIMENTO LOGICAL STUDY OF SHIRANISH FORMATION WELL DD-1 (N-IRAQ) by Kaka, Sadi Kan Jan (2010) - The thickness of an ideal section in Shiranish formation near shiranish village in north east of zakho is about (225) m. and the average of this thickness is changed in other areas from (100) m to (400) m. (Van Bellen, etal.,1959) has described shiranish formation and divided it into two parts: bottom part that consists of marly limestone and is rich with fossils, and upper part that consists of blue marls considering the formation as an open environment. INRODUCTION Shiranish formation was first defined by Henson 1940 in (Buday et, al., 1980) from the High folded zone of northern Iraq near the village of shiranish Islam, northeast of Zakho . Keywords: dolomite; facies; formation; iraq; matrix; shiranish
• MICROFCIES OF TEL HAJAR FORMATION IN SOUTH-WEST IRAQ by Jan, Sadi Kan (2009) - MICROFACIES Tel Hajar formation rocks in North-west Sinjar were divided after examining (69) thin sections by polarized microscope depending on (Dunham 1962) classilication and according to (Fluegel 1972) specifications which modified by (Wilson 1975) depending on litholoical component and some fossils (Fig.2) into live microsedimentary facies then drawing a sketch of microfacics distribution for sedimentaty basin of the formation according to (Wilson 1975) as in (Fig.3). 42 Microfcies of Tel Hajar Formation 43 S. K. Jan 44 Microfcies of Tel Hajar Formation 45 S. K. Jan 46 Microfcies of Tel Hajar Formation 47 S. K. Jan 48 Microfcies of Tel Hajar Formation Bull. Keywords: dolomite; facies; formation; hajar; tel
• MICROFACIES STUDY OF HADIENE FORMATION (NORTH IRAQ) by Jan, Sadi Kan (2009) - In the region of the north of Iraq using the method of analyzing thin section microfacies to 38 of rockyslices which were gathered from a place near Aqra city. 5) Bioclastic grainstone in microfacies. Keywords: facies; formation; microfacies; zone
• THE STUDY OF MINERALOGICAL AND MICROFACIES ANALYSIS SHIRANISH FORMATION WELL (KH-6) ANSAB AREA IN SOUTHERN IRAQ by Nasser, Ali K. K.; Jan, Sadi K. (2008) - Mus. (2008)10 (3): 57-68 THE STUDY OF MINERALOGICAL AND MICROFACIES ANALYSIS SHIRANISH FORMATION WELL (KH-6) ANSAB AREA IN SOUTHERN IRAQ Ali K. K. Nasser* and Sadi K. Jan** *College of Sciences, University of Baghdad **Natural History Museum, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq ABSTRACT The study of Shiranish Formation rocks in southern part of Iraq at Ansab area well (KH-6) were carried out. 59 A. K. Nasser and S. K. Jan CONCLUSIONS 1- Shiranish Formation rocks were intertongue with Tayarate Formation in well (KH-6) into three sedimentary mineralogical microfacies:- (a) Dolomitized Foraminiferal Wackestone Facies. Keywords: dolomite; facies; formation; iraq; shiranish
• MICROFACIE STUDY OF SUBSURFACE SECTION OF BEKHME FORMATION (NORTH IRAQ) by Jan, Sadi Kan (2004) - The separation limit between Bekhme formation and shiranish formation is estimated at the depth 5540 ft; and between Bekhme formation and kometan formation at the depth of 5708 ft. 3. This work proves the absence of Bekhme formation in Dernir Dagh Well- 1 as a tongue as reported by the Oil Exploration Company. Keywords: bekhme; diagenetic; facies; formation; iraq; study
• CORRELATIVE INFLUENCE OF SEEDLING AGE, COTYLEDONS AND TERMINAL BUDS ON ADVENTITIOUS ROOT FORMATION IN STEM CUTTINGS OF MUNG BEAN by Shaheed, Abdullah Ibrahim (2002) - The promotory effect of leaves and buds on adventitious root formation (ARF) has been published earilier by Van der Lek (1925).In contrast, decapitation and disbudding of terminal bud in Pea cuttings have inhibitory effect on root formation (Eriksen, 1973).These organs are considered as a source of IAA biosynthesis (Moore, 1969). Ph. D. thesis, University of Sheffield, U. K. Shaheed, A. I. 1995 Testing of four experimental systems to detect the role of cotyledons in adventitious root formation of mung bean cuttings. Keywords: buds; cotyledons; cuttings; formation; iba; leaves; response; root; rooting; time
• FACIES ANALYSIS AND NEW DISCOVERY OF A MASTODONT FROM INJANA FORMATION (LATE MIOCENE) NEAR THARTHAR LAKE- MIDDLE OF IRAQ by Al-Zubaidi, Aqeel Abbas (2018) - This study depends on sedimentologic and facies analysis to recognize paleoenvironment and recognize the kinds of vertebrate bone fossils during Late Miocene. Some mastodont species, of order proboscidea were DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.26842/binhm.7.2018.15.1.0031 32 Facies Analysis and New Discovery of a Mastodont recognized beside 20 types of vertebrate bone fossils within sandstone beds of Injana Formation (Thomas et al., 1981). Keywords: bone; facies; formation; fossils; injana; iraq; lake; mastodont; miocene; tharthar
• MICROFACIES ANALYSIS AND BASIN DEVELOPMENT OF THE CENOMANIAN - EARLY TURONIAN SEQUENCE IN THE RAFAI, NOOR AND HALFAYA OIL FIELDS, SOUTHEASTERN IRAQ by Al-Zaidy, Aiad Ali Hussien (2019) - 251 Aiad Ali Hussien Al-Zaidy Plate (1): The major microfacies of Mishrif Formation in the studied sections; (A) Basinal facies, with abundant of Calcispheres (XPL), Well (Noor-1), at depth (3720 m), (B) Open marine facies (Oligosteginids, Heterohelix sp., and Hedbergella sp. (PPL). 255 Aiad Ali Hussien Al-Zaidy Stratigraphic Cenomanian- early Turonian sequence: The Cenomanian-early Turonian Megasequence started by transgressive system tract (Ahmadi Formation), and terminated in the high stand system tract (Mishrif Formation); the studied sequence is subdivided into three main cycles as coarsening upward cycles. Keywords: basin; carbonate; cenomanian; facies; formation; iraq; marine; microfacies; mishrif; sequence; turonian
• TOTAL ORGANIC CARBON (TOC) PREDICTION FROM RESISTIVITY AND POROSITY LOGS: A CASE STUDY FROM IRAQ by Idan, Rami M. (2018) - Key words: Resistivity logs, Southern Iraq, TOC prediction, Zubair Formation, Δt log R. INTRODUCTION A number of logs data have been prepared and predestined to use in determining variations and absolute quantities of TOC. Keywords: data; formation; idan; iraq; logs; porosity; resistivity; rock; source; toc
• CALCAREOUS NANNOFOSSILS AND CHEMOSTRATIGRAPHY OF THE EARLY APTIAN OCEANIC ANOXIC EVENT 1A FROM NORTHERN IRAQ by Al-Miamary, Falah A.; Al-Badrani, Omar A.; Al-Juboury, Ali I. (2020) - By the correlation of recorded calcareous nannofossils biozones with regional schemes, it is concluded that the age of studied section is Early Aptian (Diag. 3). MATERIALS AND METHODS Fifteen samples within 400 cm thick of marly limestones, shales and limestones from Barsarin section, northern Iraq (Map 1, Diag. 1), were selected and prepared using the simple smear slide technique for the study of calcareous nannofossils which are studied with a transmitted-light microscope (Optika B-353POL, Italy). Keywords: aptian; balambo; balambo formation; cretaceous; description; event; formation; iraq; nannoconus; nannofossils; occurrences; study
• OUTSTANDING UNIVERSAL VALUES OF THE SAWA LAKE AS A WORLD NATURAL HERITAGE by Awadh, Salih Muhammad (2018) - The physio - chemical characteristic of Sawa Lake water in Samawa city- Iraq. Origin of Sawa lake depression Structural factors along with chemical action together created Sawa Lake. Keywords: criteria; formation; gypsum; heritage; lake; processes; sawa; sawa lake; values; water; world
• SEDIMENTARY STUDY OF SHIRANISH FORMATION AT HIJRAN SECTION- NORTH IRAQ by Jan, Saadi K.; Al-Zubaidi, Aqeel A. (2014) - CONCLUSIONS Shiranish Formation at Hijran Section subdivided into four beds: dolostone bed, foraminiferal biomicrite bed, poorly washed biosparite bed and micrite bed. Vertical succession of Shiranish Formation refers to off-shore quite marine environment. Keywords: bed; formation; iraq; micrite; shiranish

• IDENTIFICATION OF PATHOGENIC FUNGI ASSOCIATED WITH WATER HYACINTH IN SELECTED REGIONS IN THE MIDDLE AND SOUTH OF IRAQ by Shaker, Goner A. (2010) - Mus. (2010) 11 (2): 61-68 IDENTIFICATION OF PATHOGENIC FUNGI ASSOCIATED WITH WATER HYACINTH IN SELECTED REGIONS IN THE MIDDLE AND SOUTH OF IRAQ Goner A. Shaker Iraq NaturalHistory Museum,University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq ABSTRACT To identify the fungi associated with water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes The Amazon Basin, indicated by many authors as the center of origin of this plant (Barreto,1991).It infested approximately 62,000 ha of water resources in Mexico, the chemical and mechanical control have been used in Mexico since 1958 to manage water hyacinth (Martnies et al. 1998). Keywords: fungi; hyacinth; iraq; water
• CHANGES OF CUTICULAR PROPERTIES IN ADULT EPHESTIA CAUTELLA(WALKER) LEPIDOPTERA: PYRALIDAE, DEVELOPED AFTER CESSATION OF EGGS GROWTH by Al-Shukur, M. A.R.Y. (2001) - These insects showed low rates of water contents and an active response to water loss. Therefore, the decrease in water content and the increase in water loss are both an indication of a weak building-up of the cuticle, which became more permeable to water. Keywords: content; eggs; females; insects; water
• STUDY THE EFFECT OF DIFFERENT TYPES OF STRESS ON SOME BLOOD CONSTITUENTS AND PLASMA BIOCHAMICALS IN MALE RATS by Ismail, Muna M.; Naser, Rabab A.; Muhammed, Hanin A. (2016) - On the third day of stress the animals anesthetized for blood collection; the results of blood component revealed a significant increase in PCV and a significant decrease in Hb of water deprivation group and starvation group respectively. The biochemical changes showed a significant elevation in glucose concentration of starved rats; also there was a significant increase in total proteins of starved rats and overcrowding group, beside there was a significant increase in albumin concentration of water deprivation group, finally the cholesterol and triglycerides showed a significant increase in starved rats. Keywords: blood; body; deprivation; group; increase; plasma; rats; stress; water
• APPROPRIATENESS OF EUCALYPTUS CAMAL / DULENSIS, CASUARINA EQUISETIFOLIA AND OLEA EUROPAEA TREES IN SHELTERBELT OF AL-ASHRAF NAJAF CITY by Ali, Basim A. Abd; Ali, Hassan H. (2015) - In contrast, trees of Table 1: Differences in tree height and stem diameter of E. camaldulensis trees according to form and distance from water source. Table 2: Differences in main stem height and crown diameter of E. camaldulensis trees according to form and distance from water source. Keywords: ali; camaldulensis; diameter; form; height; location; mean; stem; trees; water

• RECORDING OF THE MONOGENETIC TREMATODE SILURODISCOIDESMEDIACANTHUS (ACHMEROW, 1952) FOR THE FIRST TIME IN IRAQ ON THE GILLS OF THE CYPRINID FISH BARBUS LUTEUS by Abdul-Ameer, Kefah N.; Obaid, Aisha S. (2011) - In addition, key for the identification of the three species of Silurodiscoides, so far recorded from freshwater fishes of Iraq, is included. These monogenean parasites which complete their life cycles on one host are common gill parasites infecting freshwater fishes (Dujin, 1973). Keywords: fishes; iraq; silurodiscoides

• THE PSEUDOBRANCH DEVELOPMENT IN EASTERN MOSQUITO FISH GAMBUSIA HOLBROOKI, GIRARD 1859 (CYPRINODONTIFORMES, POECILIIDAE) FROM JADIRIYAH LAKE, BAGHDAD, IRAQ by Khloud Adnan AL-Lehaibe; Entekhab Hameed Abed AL-Shuwaili; Ahmed Kasim Mahdi (2025) - Plate (5) displays PB cells from a 5.25 mm long embryos. In 5-7.75 mm long embryos, a prominent rise appeared in the mass of cells and PB lamellae, along with an increase in melanin deposition around the blood vessels. Keywords: blood; cells; embryo; fish; gill; iraq; section
• A COMPARATIVE HISTOLOGICAL STUDY OF THYROID TISSUE IN CARP FISH CYPRINUS CARPSIO AND MICE SWISS ALBICANS by Hussin, Amer M.; Khudhayer, Yahia Y. (2018) - Accordingly, the study concluded that the metabolism of thyroid fish was of moderate type. Figure (4): Thyroid follicles of mice. Keywords: cells; fish; follicles; mice; study; thyroid; tissue
• ACCUMULATION OF SOME HEAVY METALS IN LARVAE OF CONTRACAECUM SP. AND THEIR HOST TIGRIS CATFISH SILURUS TRIOSTEGUS HECKEL, 1843 IN BAGHDAD, IRAQ by Saeed Al-Warid, Harith ; Saad Aldhamin, Ahmed; Ahmed Al-Moussawi, Azhar (2021) - Checklist of fish hosts of species of Contracaecum Railliet & Henry, 1912 (Nematoda: Ascaridida: Anisakidae) in Iraq. Heavy metal concentrations in fish parasites have been discovered to be quite high, primarily in adult acanthocephalan worms, but also to a lesser extent in the adult cestodes (Aldhamin et al., 2021). Keywords: contracaecum; et al; fish; heckel; host; iraq; metals; triostegus
• A DESCRIPTION STUDY OF TWO LOCAL FISH HIMRI CARASOBARBUS LUTEUS (Heckel, 1843)(CYPRINIFORMES: CYPRINIDAE) AND HISHNI LIZA ABU (Heckel, 1843) (MUGILOIDEI : MUGILIDAE) BY BONES STAINING METHOD by Al-Janabi, Muhammad. I. G. (2014) - INTRODUCTION The method of staining bones is one of the means adopted in the study of tissue and bone, and organs too, through which taxonomic studies can be conducted among species of fish as stated by (Potthoff,1984).as well as differences between taxonomic species of fish known and conventional. Whole fish or some parts of the body such as staining bones and connective tissue could be stain in two colors and clear as pointed out in (Dingerkus and Uhler, 1977). Keywords: bones; fish; heckel; solution; staining; study

• DISTRIBUTION OF HADJELIA TRUNCATA CREPLIN, 1825 (HABRONEMATIDAE,SPIRURIDEA) AMONG MEMBERS OF THE AVIAN FAMILY COLUMBIDAE IN AL-DIWANIYA PROVINCE, CENTRAL IRAQ by Shubber, Habeeb Waseel Kadhum (2010) - The present results on the distribution of Hadjelia truncata among columbid birds suggests that this parasite is more frequently infect members of Columba spp. Appleby, E. C., Gibbons, L. M. and Georgiou, K. 1995 Distortion of the gizzard in Cyprus pigeons (Columba livia) associated with Hadjelia truncata infestation. Keywords: birds; hadjelia; iraq; nematode; truncata
• PHARAOH EAGLE OWL BUBO ASCALAPHUS (SAVIGNY, 1809) (STRIGIFORMES, STRIGIDAE), THE “SHROUDED IN MYSTERY” OWL OF IRAQ AND IRAN by Al-Sheikhly, Omar F.; Mikkola, Heimo; Mousavi, Seyd B. (2020) - ♂ max ♂ min Average no. B. b. omissus 460 425 445 15 424 404 415 7 B. b. ruthenus 515 471 485.4 22 468 430 445.6 17 B. b. interpositus 502 468 480 19 463 428 448 25 B. b. nikolskii 465 394 433 10 430 378 415 10 B. bengalensis 403 376 387 12 391 358 370 10 B. ascalaphus 390 340 367 20 368 325 346.5 20 We have listed from field observations and photos collected from Iraq and Iran several obvious morphological differences between B. ascalaphus and B. b. nikolskii. In the field B. ascalaphus is so small that it can be separated from B. b. nikolskii even without measurements. Keywords: ascalaphus; b. b.; b. bubo; birds; bubo; bubo ascalaphus; eagle; iran; iraq; nikolskii; owl; sheikhly
• ALLIANCE BETWEEN BARN SWALLOW HIRUNDO RUSTICA LINNAEUS, 1758 AND INDIAN MUSTARD BRASSICA JUNCEA (L.) CZERNAJEW, 1859: A NEW INTUITION IN BIRD-PLANT ECOLOGICAL NETWORKS by Soumya Ranjan Biswal; Bibhu Prasad Panda (2022) - 5 BULLETIN OF THE IRAQ NATURAL HISTORY MUSEUM Biswal and Panda Plate (2): Most abundant species recoded in Indian mustard crop fields; (A) Red Avadavat Amandava amandava, (B) Zitting Cisticola Cisticola juncidis, (C) Scaly-breasted Munia Lonchura punctulata,(D) Plain Prinia Prinia inornata (Photographs – A &B: Mr. Soumya Ranjan Biswal; C & D: Dr. Bibhu Prasad Panda). The phenomenon of hovering of many passerine species on foraging cites have been seen before but particularly Barn Swallow hovering over Indian mustard crop field was recorded for the first time. Keywords: barn; behaviour; birds; crop; field; indian; iraq; mustard; panda; swallow
• STOMACH NEMATODES OF THE SHOVELER ANAS CLYPEATA LINNAEUS, 1758 (ANSERIFORMES:ANATIDAE) WINTERING IN IRAQ by Al-Moussawi, Azhar A. (2014) - In the present study the specimens of A. acutum were more than those of E.uncinatum. The present findings of A. acutum agree with Czaplinski (1962a)who gave the first detailed description of the morphology for A.acutum after the original description of Lundahl 1848. Keywords: anas; birds; body; iraq; nematodes
• COMPARATIVE MORPHOLOGICAL DESCRIPTION OF TONGUE BETWEEN TWO DOMESTICATED WATER BIRDS, MALLARD ANAS PLATYRHYNCHOS (LINNAEUS, 1758) AND GRAYLAG GOOSE ANSER ANSER (LINNAEUS, 1758) (ANSERIFORMES, ANATIDAE) by Ashwaq Ahmed Hussein; Marwa Khalil Ibrahim; Intidhar Mohammed Mnati (2024) - Tongue of birds also exhibits structural and anatomical variations related to feeding and adapting behaviors to living in different environments (Iwasaki, 2002). The Tongue appears as an elongated triangular organ in the majority of birds (Jackowiak et al., 2011; Erdoǧan et al., 2012), while it is relatively small in other species of birds (Crole and Soley, 2010; Santos et al., 2011). Keywords: anser; birds; body; conical; iraq; journal; lingual; papillae; prominence; study; surface; tongue

• UTTILIZATION OF LIPIDS AS SOURCE OF ENERGY DURING HIBERNATION OF RANA RIDIBUNDA PALLAS, 1771 by El-Wailly, Alwan J.; Al-Jawhary, Ehsan F. (2000) - In March, however, on difference in fat body lipid weight was observed between the sexes (0.973% +- 0.3379 in males and 0.83 l%+-0.3975 in females). the content of fat body lipid was higher in males (3.73% +- 0.5073) than in females (1.56% +- 0.3436). Keywords: bodies; body; content; energy; fat; females; hibernation; lipid
• NATURE OF VARIABILITY OF CANDAHARIA LEVANDERI (SIMROTH, 1902) IN THE FERGHANA AND SURKHAN - SHERABAD VALLEYS, UZBEKISTAN by Sh. Abdurasulova, Surayyo; P. Pazilov, Аbduvaeit (2021) - *Corresponding author e-mail: i.kamronbek2013@mail.ru Received Date: 28 August 2021, Accepted Date: 09 November 2021, Published Date: 20 December2021 This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License ABSTRACT The variability of Candaharia levanderi (Simroth, 1902)(Gastropoda, Stylommatophora, Parmacellidae) in two biotopes (southern and northern slopes, the Kampirtepa gorges, the Kugitang Tau ridge) has been investigated using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) with the implementation of primers, the 18S DNA of the region is amplified, the variability (sharply differing in color) of two populations of C. levanderi is studied . After studying all the available material, it can be noted that the limits of variability of morphological features of C. levanderi were much wider than those given in the monographs of Likharev and Viktor (1980), Schileyko and Rymzhanov (2013) when describing the species. Keywords: body; color; levanderi; mollusks; pazilov; russian; variability

• FIRST RECORD OF ADONTOMERUS AMYGDALI (BOUCEK, 1958) (HYMENOPTERA, TORYMIDAE): A PARASITOID OF THE ALMOND FRUIT WASP, EURYTOMA AMYGDALI ENDERLEIN, 1907 (HYMENOPTERA, EURYTOMIDAE) IN ERBIL PROVENCE, IRAQ by Abdul-Rassoul, M. S.; Mohammed, S. M. (2017) - This investigation is presented the first record of Adontomerus amygdali (Boucek, 1958) parasitizing Eurytoma amygdali that infested fruits of almond in Erbil province, Iraq. Plate (1): Adontomerus amygdali Female Plate (2): Adontomerus amygdali Male LITERATURE CITED Abo Alsel, A.A. 2010. Keywords: adontomerus; almond; amygdali; boucek; eurytoma; hymenoptera; iraq
• NEW RECORD OF THE PARASITOID WASP MONODONTOMERUS OBSCURUS WESTWOOD, 1833 (HYMENOPTERA, TORYMIDAE) IN IRAQ by Abdul-Rassoul, M. S.; Mahmoud, T. T. (2017) - في العراق **و طالل طاهر محمود* عبد الرسول محمد صالح مركز بحوث و متحف التأريخ الطبيعي، جامعة بغداد* قسم وقاية النبات ، كلية الزراعة ، جامعة دهوك** 7202107172: تاريخ القبول 7202107102:تاريخ االستالم الخالصة ,Monodontomerus obscurus Westwood سجلت الدراسة الزنبور المتطفل 72كنوع Mud nest of Sceliphron sp. Plate (1): Female of M. obscurus 1 332 New Record of the Parasitoid Wasp Monodontomerus obscurus Plate (2): Male of M. obscurus ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I would like to express my sincere thanks to my colleague Prof. Dr. Razzaq Shalan Augul of Iraq Natural History Research Center and Museum for his help in photographing the specimens. Keywords: hymenoptera; iraq; monodontomerus; parasitoid; wasp; westwood
• FIRST RECORD OF APOLEPTOMASTIX BICOLORICORNIS (GIRAULT, 1915) (HYMENOPTERA, ENCYRTIDAE), AS PARASITOID OF THE RICE MEALYBUG, BREVENNIA REHI (LINDINGER, 1943) (HEMIPTERA, PSEUDOCOCCIDAE) IN IRAQ by Abdul-Rassoul, M. S. (2017) - In this work, we report the first record of Apoleptomastix bicoloricornis parasitizing Brevennia rehi on Echinochloa colona in Baghdad, Iraq. 22.May.2017 ABSTRACT Here we report for the first time the presence of Apoleptomastix bicoloricornis (Girault, 1915) Keywords: apoleptomastix; bicoloricornis; encyrtidae; hymenoptera; iraq

• GEOSTATISTICAL ANALYSIS AND MAPPING OF OZONE OVER IRAQ by Ali, Hussain Zaydan (2015) - This study aimed to determine the best method (lowest cross validation error) for interpolating the spatial distribution of ozone data over Iraq. Since a strong spatial dependence between ozone data is observed, the geostatistical algorithms, particularly the ordinary kriging, provide accurate estimates, as cross validation confirmed. Keywords: analysis; data; error; iraq; january; kriging; ozone; range; study; variogram

• A NEW SPECIES OF COSMINA ROB.-DESVOIDY, 1830 IRAQ (DIPTERA : CALLIPHORIDAE) by Mawlood, N. A.; Abdul-Rassoul, M. S. (2008) - Male terminalia:- Tergite 6 (fig.3a) dark brown, its hind margin with a row of bristles; sternite 6 (fig.3b) ring shaped, its right arm long with short and dose not join edith right inferior of syntergosternite 7+8; syntergosternite (fig.3c) dark brown with moderate densely different length black bristles; tergite 9 (fig.3d) elongated ovaly shaped, its half basal surface with hieght densely of bristles, one-fourth of apical without bristles; sternite 9 (fig.3e) with hind margin deeply emarginated, its apodeme moderately bend, the distance among its apical 0.26-0.21mm paralobs (fig.4a) nearly cylindrical shaped, its basal half with moderate dense of setae; anal cerci (fig.4b) slightly curved, united together in half region, basal half with densely long setae, Phallus (fig.4c,d,e) 0.80-0.66 length, basiphallus nearly sequare shaped, 0.3 1-0.24 mm; Epiphallus tubely shaped, 0.28-0.21mm; paraphallus 0.49-0.42mm with pin and curved apex; hypophallus oval shaped, its outer margin toothed, acrophallus short; pregonite (fig.4f) hook-like, its outer margin with a row of short dark brown bristles; postgonite (fig.4i) cylinderical shaped, its apical with long bristle; phalloapodeme (fig.4h) nearly cylindrical shaped, its anterior surface with chitinous band which occupying half of the region; Ejaculatory sclerite (fig.4i) nearly cup shaped, 0.52- 0.42mm length. Abdomen:- Dark green, with white pollen, hind margin of tergites with a row of bristles, 5th tergite with numerous of long bristles; sternites in male (fig.2e) dark green with white pollen, 2nd sternite sequar shaped 3rd sternite nearly triangular shapcd, 4th similar to the 3rd one, sternites 4-2 with dark brown setae and numerous of long bristles; 5th sternite with deep incision posteriorly forming two oval lobs with height densely long dark brown bristles; abdomen in female (fig.2f) similar to that of male but differ from it by that of 5th sternite is rectangular shaped. Keywords: bristles; brown; dark; setae; surface
• EXTERNAL MORPHOLOGICAL STUDY OF THE LEAFHOPPER NEOALITARUS FENESTRATUS HERRICH-SCHAEFFER 1964(HOMOPTERA: CICADELLIDAE) FROM IRAQ by Al-Asady, H. S.; Al-Gailany, H. B. D. (2003) - Pronotum (Fig. 3) Deep brown; anterior margin obtuse; lateral posterior margin obliquely truncate; posterior margin narrow in respect to anterior one; concave interiorly; spotting pattern as explained in vertex and face. The species Neoalitarus fenestratus Herrich-Schäeffer 1964 was firstly recorded in Iraq by (Dlabola, 1946) although Derwesh (1965) included the species in his list of some identified insects and arachnids in Iraq. Keywords: brown; fig; iraq
• DESCRIPTION OF A NEW SPECIES OF LEUCOSTOMA MEIGEN (DIPTERA: TACHINIDAE) FROM IRAQ by Mawlood, Nabeel Abdul-Kader (2002) - Parafrontal black, with bright shining whitish pollinose and with single row of short bristles outside the frontal row. Antenna (fig. 1b) black, first segment short with 3-4 short bristles anteriorly, second segment is cup in shape with cleft on the outer surface and bear long bristle with 6 -7 setae,the third segment is oval in shape does not reach to the oral margin and about two times as long as of second antennal segment , arista bare, thickened on basal one-fifth, about two times as long as of third antennal segment , ¼ of its basal part black and remaining part is red brown. Keywords: black; bristles; brown; fig; shape

• RECORDS OF HOST PLANTS OF PEA LEAF MINER, P1-f YTOMYZA HORTICOLA GOUREAU (DIPTERA: AGROMYZIDE) IN IRAQ by Mekhlif, Atellah F. (2000) - Mus. (2000) 9 (2): 67-70 RECORDS OF HOST PLANTS OF PEA LEAF MINER, P1-f YTOMYZA HORTICOLA GOUREAU (DIPTERA: AGROMYZIDE) Number of host plants of P. hosticola which are recorded in present and preceding studies in Iraq. Keywords: horticola; host; iraq; plants
• THE SPOTTED SANDGROUSE, PTEROCLES SENEGALLUS (LINNAEUS, 1771) AS A NEW HOST FOR THE SPIRURID NEMATODE HARTERTIA GALLINARUM (THEILER, 1919) IN IRAQ by Mohammad, Mohammad K.; Al-Moussawi, Azhar A. (2017) - Occurrence of H. gallinarum in P. senegallus represents a new host record. Only specimens of the spotted sandgrouse, P. senegallus from Ga'ara Depression were infected with 29 specimens of H. gallinarum, 3 males and 26 females with an infection rate of 100% while the rest of the host samples yielded no parasites. Keywords: gallinarum; host; iraq; mohammad; sandgrouse; senegallus
• NEW HOST PLANTS RECORD FOR THE BROWN SOFT SCALE COCCUS HESPERIDUM LINNAEUS, 1758 (HEMIPTERA: COCCIDAE) IN BAGHDAD PROVINCE, IRAQ by Abdul-Rassoul, M. S. (2016) - This finding is met with the results of Granara de Willink (1999) who record this scale on D. pinnata in Argentine when he provided a list of C. hesperidum host plant. Soft scale insects of Argentina (Homoptera: Coccoidea: Coccidae) Keywords: coccidae; hesperidum; host; iraq; plants; scale
• A NEW HOST RECORD FOR TOMATO LEAF MINER TUTA ABSOLUTA (MEYRICK, 1917) IN BAGHDAD PROVINCE, IRAQ by Abdul-Rassoul, M. S. (2014) - The detection of tomato leaf miner, Tuta absoluta on alfalfa, Medicogo sativa reveals that this plant serves as host plant recorded for the first time in Iraq and this result goes with EPPO, 2009; Harizanova et al., 2009; Abdul-Ridha et al., 2012 and Portakaldli et al., 2013, that there is a shift in host plants from the main host Solanaceae to other families particularly the Fabaceae. Tuta absoluta (Meyrick) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) on tomato crop in Iraq. Keywords: absoluta; host; iraq; tomato; tuta

• REDESCRIPTION OF SCORPIO KRUGLOVI (BIRULA, 1910) (SCORPIONES, SCORPIONIDAE) FROM THI QAR PROVINCE, SOUTH OF IRAQ by Al-Yacoub, Ghassan A. Ali; Al-Abbad, Murtatha Y. M.; Kareem, Dhia K. (2021) - While Ahmed (2015) recorded it as a subspecies, Scorpio maurus kruglovi (Birula, 1910) in Erbil Province, Northern Iraq. Morphology and histology of venom gland of Scorpio maurus kruglovi (Birula, 1910) (Scorpionidae: Scorpiones). Keywords: iraq; kruglovi; province; qar; scorpio; scorpiones

• RAILLIETINA ECHINOBOTHRIDA (MEGNIN,1881) (CESTODA: CYCLOPHYLLIDEA) FROM THE HOUSE SPARROW PASSER DOMESTICUS BIBLICUS HARTRET, 1881 COLLECTED IN BAGHDAD CITY, CENTRAL IRAQ by Mohammad, Mohammad K.; Al-Moussawi, Azhar A. (2013) - Bartlett, T. L., Mock, D. W. and Schwagmeyer, P. L. 2005 Division of labour: Incubation and biparental care in house sparrows (Passer domesticus). Mohammad, M. K. and Al-Moussawi, A. A. 2012b Gizzard nematodes of the house sparrow Passer domesticus Hartret collected in Baghdad City, Central Iraq. Keywords: house; iraq; mohammad; raillietina; sparrow
• IXODIOD TICK FAUNA INFESTING SHEEP AND GOATS IN THE MIDDLE AND SOUTH OF IRAQ by Mohammad, Mohammad K. (2016) - Tick infestation may leads to infestations with Babesia, Thaleria, Rickettesia and many viral diseases causing severe losses in regard to their meat, milk and skin or even animal's death (Ameen et al., 2012). Ticks infestation of Hares (Lepus capensis) in AlQasim. Disract- Keywords: animals; goats; iraq; mohammad; sheep; ticks

• ANTAGONISTIC SUCCESSION OF TRICHODERMA AGAINST RHIZOCTONIAL DAMPING- OFF ON TOMATO IN COMPOSTED MEDIA by Hassan, Wazeer Ali; Taher, Ibrahim Esa; Saido, Khadeeja Ahmed (2015) - Both substrates of mushcom consisted more cellulosic materials of wheat straw and bran thus, become highly preferred and efficiently utilized by Trichoderma due to its ability in higher secretion of chitinase, legninase, hemicellulase and cellulase enzymes (Kaviyarsan and Siva, 2007; Ali et al., 2011). Recently, bio agents of Trichoderma spp. were used to improve the efficacy of organic amendments against some diseases such as red rot of sugarcane (Singh et al., 2008 a, b). Keywords: control; soil; solani; substrates; tomato; trichoderma

• MICROFACIES ANALYSIS OF GHAR FORMATION (WESTERN DESERT OF IRAQ) by Jan, Sadi Kan; Al-Zubaidi, Aqeel A. (2004) - The upper part was deposited at shallow marine environment of low circulation . ENVIRONMENT OF DEPOSITION Microfacies study of ghar Formation showed that the lower part composed of bioclastic wackestone facies ( 1 ) which reflect shallow marine environment (open circulation ) followed by mudstone facies( 2 ) . Keywords: environment; facies; ghar; grains; marine; microfacies

• SEASONAL CHANGES ON EPIDIDYMAL HISTOLOGY AND TESTOSTERONE RECEPTORS IN IRAQI DOGS by Zaid, Nazih Wayes (2017) - The length of stereocilia also exhibits significant difference (P<0.01) between caput and corpus during winter, as well as, summer season was decrease significantly (P<0.01) than other seasons in dogs epididymis (Tab. 3). In general, the apoptotic cells increased during summer seasons than others (Pl. 2 and 3). Keywords: caput; cells; differences; epididymis; seasons; segments; summer; testosterone; winter
• MORPHOLOGICAL AND HISTOCHEMICAL STUDY OF HARDERIAN GLAND OF DOMESTIC PIGEON (COLUMBA LIVIA DOMESTICA) by Reshag, Ali F.; Hadi, Ilaf Hassan; Mohammed, Hadaf H. (2016) - There were no differences in Harderian gland in both sexes. Columba, Harderian gland, Histochemical study, Russell bodies, Pigeon. Keywords: bodies; cells; gland; harderian; harderian gland; journal; russell; study
• THIRTY TWO ALGAE NEW RECORDS REPORTED IN PONDS AT GWER SUB-DISTRICT, ERBIL -KURDISTAN REGION, IRAQ by Aziz, Farhad Hasan; Rasoul, Balqis Haji (2018) - Non-diatom algae were identified with the help of available literature (Smith, 1950; Desikachary, 1959; Prescott, 1970; Lind and Brook, 1980; Bold and Whyne, 1985; Bando et al., 1989; Komarek and Anagnostidis, 2005; John et al., 2011). While the first paper was that of Maulood and Hinton (1978), and the last one more recently have done (Abdulwahid, 2012; Aziz, 2014 and Aziz et al., 2014). Keywords: algae; anagnostidis; aziz; cells; fig; new; records; west

• ON THE OCCURRENCE OF THE[ MONOGENEAN GYRODACTYLUS TAIMENI ERGENS, 1971 FOR THE FIRST TIME IN IRAQ ON GILLS OF THE COMMON CARP CYPRINUS CARPIO by Abdul-Ameer, Kefah N.; Al-Saadi, Abid Ali J. (2013) - The information on the previous account records of parasites was checked by using the index-catalogue of parasites and disease agents of fishes of Iraq (Mhaisen, 2013). According to the index-catalogue of parasites and disease agents of fishes of Iraq (Mhaisen, 2013), the present report of this monogenean represents its first record in Iraq, as no previous record was given for this parasite from fishes of Iraq. Keywords: carpio; gyrodactylus; iraq; mhaisen; parasite

• ZOOPHTHORA PHYTONOMI (ZYGOMYCETES: ENTOMOPHTHORACEAE) A NEW RECORD IN IRAQ by Hassan, Hassan F. (2013) - On the new genera: Zoophthora gen. nov., Triposolium (Thaxter) gen. nov. and Entomophaga gen. nov. (Phycomycetes: Entomophthoraceae). al. (1983) in which larvae were selected on the basis of rhizoid attachment, and the presence of emerged conidiophores. Keywords: alfalfa; batko; conidia; entomophthoraceae; erynia; larvae; spores; zoophthora
• DESCRIPTION OF THE THIRD INSTAR LARVA OF SARCOPHAGA AFRICA (= S. HAEMORRHOIDALIS) FALL. (DIPTERA: SARCOPHAGIDAE) by Augul, Razzaq SH. (2008) - Comparative micromorphology of third instar larvae and the breeding biology of some Afrotropical Sarcophaga (Diptera : Sarcophagidae ). Description of third instar larva and puparium of Blaesoxipha calliste Pape (Diptera:Sarcophagidae). Keywords: description; instar; larvae; sarcophagidae; spines
• INHERITANCE OF DARK HEAD AND SIPHON IN THE LARVAE OF CULEXQUINQEFASCIATUS SAY by Al-Chalabi, Badia’a M. (2001) - Among mosquito species, Culex quinquefasciatus is one of the wildly distributed one in the world. Although a large number of mutations have been reported for this complex there is a striking lack of phenotypic markers for Culex quinquefasciatus which are essential in may genetic studies. Keywords: culex; head; larvae; mutants; quinquefasciatus
• FIELD EFFICACY OF THREE TYPES OF INSECTICIDES AGAINST LARVAE OF MUSCADOMESTICABREEDING IN EQUINE MANURE AND THEIR EFFECTS ON PREDATORY MITES by Mohsen, Zohair H.; Mahmood, Suhaila H.; Al-Dulaimi, Sabah I.; Hashim, Abdul-Kareem (2001) - The results of the present study demonstrated that larviciding of M. domestica in horse manure with the supplier recommended doses of Actellic, Neporex and Ficam provided fly control for 21 d with no harmful effect against predator mite population. Average numbers of M. domestica larvae and predator mites (2 samples of 250 g) present in horse manure pre- and post treatment with Actellic, Neporex and Ficam. Keywords: domestica; fly; larvae; mites; predator

• GIZZARD NEMATODES OF THE HOUSE SPARROW PASSER DOMESTICUS BIBLICUS HARTERT COLLECTED IN BAGHDAD CITY, CENTRAL IRAQ by Mohammad, Mohammad K.; Al-Moussawi, Azhar A. (2012) - Harper et al., 1967; Kellogg and Prestwood, 1968; Moore and Simberloff, 1990; Peterson, 1996, 2004; Williams et al., 2000); in Bleeding Heart Pigeon Gallicolumba luzonica (Columbiformes) (Lindquist and Strafuss, 1988); in red-bellied woodpeckers Melanerpes carolinus (Piciformes) (Foster et al., 2002). Eastern Crow Corvus b. brachyrhynchos, Catbird Dumetella carolinensis, Eastern Robin Turdus m. migratorius, Eastern Bluebird Sialia s. sialia, Starling Sturnus v. vulgaris, House sparrow Passer domesticus and Eeastern Cowbird Molothrus a. ater (Passeriformes) (Goble and Kutz, 1945; Maxfield et al., 1963; Keywords: dispharynx; house; nasuta; nematodes; skrjabini; sparrow

• DISTRIBUTION OF HARD TICK SPECIES AMONG SHEEP OVIS ARIES L. IN AL-ANBAR PROVINCE, WESTERN DESERT OF IRAQ by Mohammad, Mohammad K.; Jassim, Suhad Y. (2011) - They found that 88.6% of sheep in whole Iraq were infested with six species of hard ticks belonging to Hyalomma, Rhipicephalus and Boophilus genera. The aim of this work is to investigate about hard ticks infest the sheep in Al-Anbar Province as the sheep are the most important animals raised by locals. Keywords: hyalomma; iraq; ticks

• FIRST RECORD OF MYCETOPHAGOUS NEMATODE APHELENCHUS AVENAE IN IRAQ WITH DESCRIPTION AND TESTING THEIR PROPAGATION ON DIFFERENT FUNGUS CULTURE by Taher, Ibrahim Esa; Ami, Sulaiman Naif; Haleem, Raed Abduljabbar; Shareef, Barin Sidqi (2017) - D 256 First record of mycetophagous nematode Aphelenchus avenae in Iraq Plate (4): Fungi culture after two week on incubation with A. avenae and fungi culture without A. avenae, water added (control) shows hydrolysis of fungi mycelium. a= 19.59 μm Aphelenchus avenae propagation in different fungus culture: Diagram (1) illustrates that after two weeks of incubation A. avenae propagated and increased in number at the huge level on F. graminearum number of nematode reached to (114233) while F. oxysporum was secondly preferred by A. avenae and number of nematodes were (47013). Keywords: aphelenchus; avenae; culture; fungi; iraq; nematode
• ISOLATION AND IDENTIFICTION OF FUNGI INFECTING ALOE VERA PLANT by Shaker, Goner A. (2016) - Estimation the disease incidence: The disease percentage was reported from surveys, visiting the plant garden and the nurseries cultivated with Aloe vera plants and examined the infected plants twice in onset and the end of the season. The percentage of disease incidence = No. of diseased plants No. of all plants × 100 The pathogenicity test: Based on Koch postulate Pathogenicity studies was conducted on healthy leaves of Aloe vera plants, cleaned spotless of similar size leaves were collected, washed with tap water and placed on the surface of wet-cotton in a petri dish. Keywords: aloe; disease; fungi; fusarium; leaves; oxysporum; vera
• ISOLATION AND IDENTIFICATION OF FUNGI WHICH INFECT FENNEL Foeniculum vulgare Mill. AND ITS IMPACT AS ANTIFUNGAL AGENT by Shaker, Goner A.; Alhamadany, Hany S. (2018) - The results clearly revealed that fennel extract could cause growth inhibition on the four tested fungi, although the rate of inhibition of tested fungi shows that two concentrations 2.5 and 5% were found to be inhibitory to mycelia growth and the rate of inhibition increased generally by increasing the concentration, and 5% concentration was the most effective on the mycelia growth of Alternaria alternata, Rhizoctonia solani, and Phoma herbarum and Fusarium oxysporum, were 1.31, 1.56, 1.13 and 1.65 cm, respectively Fig.1 compared to the treatment of control where the concentration was 0% the rates of fungal growth diameter was 2.4, 9, 2.5 and 2.63 cm, and shown the existence significant differences between mycelia growth rates in the dishes and between concentrations of alcoholic extract of F. vulgare and at P 0.01 and P 0.05, the same results obtained from study (18) indicated the fennel (F. vulgare) seed is a potential source of natural antioxidant of the both water and ethanol seed extracts, and (19) showed that Foeniculum vulgare extract which was the one of the 49 medicinal plants extracts inhibited both fungal growth and production of AFs B1 and G1 producing of Aspergillus parasiticus and intentioned to use this plant as effective antimicrobial to protect foods and feeds from 0 5 10 Jan March May %disease incidence 34 Isolation and Identification of Fungi toxigenic fungus growth and subsequent (AF) Aflatoxin contamination. The study included isolation and diagnosis of fungi that infect Foeniculum vulgare Mill planted in the Department of Drugs and Medicinal Plants, Pharmacy College - University of Baghdad, different symptoms such as wilting and yellowing, stunting on the plants were observed fungi: Alternaria alternata, Rhizoctonia solani, Phoma herbarum and Fusarium oxysporum, The disease incidence ranging between 5-10%. Keywords: extract; fennel; foeniculum; fungi; fusarium; growth; solani; vulgare

• EFFICIENCY OF AL-RUSTAMITYAH SEWAGE PLANT AND THEIR CONSEQUENCES ON THE POLLUTION OF DIYALA RIVER by Radhi, Flassan HA.; Jan, Sadi K.; Azsiez, Ahmid M. (2000) - One major of pollution is the organic load of final sewage effluents. DISCUSSION The main removal mechanisms for pollutants acrose wastewater treatment plant are solatili,ation. Keywords: effluent; plant; ppm; sewage; solids; treatment; wastewater
• THE CHEMISTRY OF THE LEAVES OF PLANT Eucalyptus camaldulensis AS ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION INDICATOR OF SELECTED LOCATIONS AT KIRKUK - IRAQ by Al-Dabbas, Moutaz A.; Ali, Lamyaa Abdulameer; Afaj, Adnan H. (2015) - Table 1: Heavy metals concentrations (ppm) in the leaves of plant Eucalyptus camaldulensis for October 2010, and in March 2011, compared with results of other studies. Applying Arc GIS 10 model of heavy metals concentrations on the leaves of plant Eucalyptus camaldulensis for the cumulative effects of both sampling periods October 2010 and March 2011, shows that the concentrations of these pollutants distribute away from the refinery toward the wind direction and the refinery is not the only contamination sources, as in sampling site 4 and site 12 that represent the Chorao Control site and Baba gurgur hotel site respectively Figure 2. Keywords: camaldulensis; eucalyptus; hydrocarbons; kirkuk; leaves; march; metals; october; pahs; plant; polycyclic; ppb; total

• THE FIRST RECORD OF THE THICK-BILLED LARK RHAMPHOCORIS CLOTBEY (BONAPARTE, 1850) FOR IRAQ by Mohammad K. Mohammad; Hayder M. Al-Rammahi (2012) - LITERATURE CITED Allouse, B. E. 1962 Birds of Iraq. The specimen is deposited in the bird collection of Iraq Natural History Museum under the registration number: 2013-3419-Z7, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq. Keywords: bird; desert; iraq; lark
• A NEW RECORD OF GOSH HAWK (BAZ) ACCIPITER GENTILIS (AVES-FALCONIFORMES) WITH SHORT NOTES ON DISTRIBUTION OF LAUGHING DOVE SLREPTOPELIA SENEGALENSIS (AVES. COLUMBIFORMES) IN IRAQ by Lahony, Saman R.; Mohammad, Mohammad K.; Al-Ali, Hussian A. (2008) - Iraq nat. Iraq nat. Keywords: bird; dove; hist; iraq; senegalensis

• AN ABNORMAL GENITALIA IN CIOJNDELA AULICE DEJ. (COLEOPTERA: CICINDELIDAE) FROM IRAQ by AL-Sandouk, N. M. (2000) - Male genitalia, the male genital tube of Cicindelid as figured here for comparison (Fig. 3) and to illustructures. swollen along the distal two thirds and narrowed toward basal end: median orifice being as a slit along ventral side of the distal end the lobe, while the median foramen as a circular opening receiving the ejaculatory duct at basal end of the median lobe (aedeagus). Keywords: basal; genitalia; male
• NOTES ON TROGODERMA SPECIES (COLEOPTERA, DERMESTIDAE) OF IRAQ by Mawlood, N. A.; Abdul-Rassoul, M. S. (2000) - Ninth abdominal tergite with proximal margin of broader part clearly sinute (Fig. 15) ……………………….. Lateral part of bridge joining paramers in male genetalia broader than its transversal part (Fig.11) ………………………... Keywords: fig; iraq; male; margin; tergite

• ESTIMATION OF GENETIC VARIATIONS IN DIFFERENT TAXA IN BRASSICACEAE BY RAPD AND ISSR ANALYSIS by Al-Tameme, Huda Jasim M. (2018) - Furthermore, Kurane et al. (2009) have emphasis the ISSR markers proved to be very useful for accurate plant identification by recognized the intra and interspecies difference; ISSR strategies are almost indistinguishable to RAPD strategies exclude that sequences of ISSR primer are non-randomly outlined from microsatellite regions and the annealing temperatures applied are higher than utilized for RAPD markers. In this screening, RAPD markers were effectively exercised to distinguish 12 taxa of Brassicaceae from each to another and data from molecular markers display a good basis for better conservation approaches (Prasad, 2014). Keywords: brassicaceae; cabbage; dna; issr; number; ornamental; primer; radish; rapd

• FIRST RECORD IN IRAQ OF TANQUA ANOMALA (LINSTOW, 1904) FROM THE DICE SNAKE, NATRIX TESSELLATA TESSELLATA (LAURENTI, 1768) by Al-Moussawi, Azhar A. (2010) - Tanqua anomala 38 First Record in Iraq of Tanqua nomala Bull. ABSTRACT Tanqua anomala (von Linstow,1904) specimens were recovered, from the lining wall of the gastro-intestinal tract of the dice snake Natrix tessellate tessellate (Laurenti, 1768) collected in Baghdad city, central Iraq. Keywords: anomala; iraq; nematode; record; snake; tanqua

• ON A NEW CESTODE FROM THE AVOCET RECUR VIROSTRA AVOCETTA L. COLLECTED IN IRAQ by Mohammad, Mohammad K. (2000) - They also analysed the description of H. blanksoni from the duodenum of H. h. himantopus in Ghana, and consider the family Diploposthidae to be synonymous with Hymenolepididae, Although there is some confusion in regard to generic position of some taxa of Diploposthidae, the present cestode is clearly belonged to genus Himantocestus and the present species differs from the genotype H. blanksoni in attaining larger size of strobilae; larger size of testes, almost double ( diameter 0.113 mm); less number of testes with mean of 44 instead of 60 in H. blanksoni ; cirrus situated in the middle of mature segment instead of anterior third and slightly posterior to the middle in the gravid segment instead of the middle; ovary and vitelline gland are larger; and fmally it has more uterus branches. This cestode is related to H. blanksoni Ukoli 1965 but easily differentiated from it in having longer and wider strobila, larger size of testes but lesser in number, cirrus situated in the middle of mature segment histead of anterior third and slightly posterior to the middle in gravid segment instead of the middle , ovary and vitelline gland are larger , and the uterus has more branches. Keywords: iraq; middle; segment

• CONCHOLOGICAL VARIABILITY OF TERRESTRIAL MOLLUSK CHONDRULOPSINA FEDTSCHENKOI (ANCEY, 1886) (GASTROPODA, PULMONATA, ENIDAE) FROM THE ZARAFSHAN RANGE, UZBEKISTAN by Abduvaeit P. Pazilov; Farrukh U. Umarov (2022) - BULLETIN OF THE IRAQ NATURAL HISTORY MUSEUM Iraq Natural History Research Center & Museum, University of Baghdad https://jnhm.uobaghdad.edu.iq/index.php/BINHM/Home Online ISSN: 2311-9799 Print ISSN: 1017-8678 https://doi.org/10.26842/binhm.7.2022.17.1.0103 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2587-1377 https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3530-1500 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ https://jnhm.uobaghdad.edu.iq/index.php/BINHM/Home 104 BULLETIN OF THE IRAQ NATURAL HISTORY MUSEUM Conchological variability of terrestrial mollusk A characteristic feature is the extreme diversity of microclimatic, soil, metrological, geochemical and plant conditions in the microlandscapes of the study region, which strongly affects the neighboring links of the genus of variability. Therefore, in terrestrial mollusks in Central Asia, such a wide conchological variability is found that sometimes closely related species of the same genus were described as representatives of different genera. Keywords: fedtschenkoi; gorge; iraq; mollusks; pazilov; population; schileyko; shell; variability

• SEASONAL FLUCTUATION OF STINK BUG MUSTHA SPINULOSA (LEFEBVRE, 1831) (HEMIPTERA, PENTATOMIDAE) ON SOME TREES IN ERBIL CITY by Muhammed, Sarkaut Hussein (2020) - Key words: Fruit trees, Mustha spinulosa, Pentatomidae, Seasonal fluctuation, Stink bug. In Erbil city, many kinds of fruit trees are grown due to the suitability of environmental conditions, such as trees of plum, apricot, apple, olive, almond and pear (RSO, 2008). Keywords: adult; bug; fruit; humidity; individuals; spinulosa; stink; temperature; trees; week
• AN EVALUATION OF INVASIVE PEST, RED PALM WEEVIL RHYNCHOPHORUS FERRUGINEUS (OLIVIER, 1790) (COLEOPTERA, CURCULIONIDAE) POPULATION IN IRAQ by Alderawii, Mohammed M.; Alyousuf, Aqeel A.; Hasan, Samir A.; Mohammed, Jasim K.; Jappar, Hussein A.; Paudyal, Sulochana (2020) - INTRODUCTION Red palm weevil (RPW) Rhynchophorus ferrugineus (Olivier, 1790) is considered one of the most destructive invasive pest attacking all types of palms trees including date palms worldwide (Cox, 1993; Faghih, 1996; Misra, 1998;Ju and Ajlan, 2011; Faleiro et al., 2012; Azmi et al., 2017; Manzoor et al., 2020); the first invasion of RPW in the Arabian Peninsula 204 An evaluation of invasive pest, red palm weevil was in UAE during 1985, then spread to other date palms producing countries in this region (Kehat, 1999; El-Mergawy and Ajlan, 2011; Al-Shawaf et al., 2013); causing economic losses reaching $ 25.92 million for eradication protocol of RPW in the 5% infested date palms in the invaded countries in this region (El-Sabea et al., 2009). Red palm weevil is attracted to damaged and undamaged trees, and the severity of damage increased because the RPW-males produce an aggregation pheromone that attracts the female weevil on the infested palms (Gunawardena and Bandarage, 1995), resulting in tree death due to the larval and adult feeding inside the tree trunk; larvae can feed only in soft tissues, such as the palm crown, the top of the trunk and the bases of the petioles (Abraham et al., 1998). Keywords: date; date palm; ferrugineus; palm; palm weevil; pest; red; rhynchophorus; rpw; trees; weevil

• RESEARCH NOTES ON RECORDING SOME RARE VERTEBRATES FROM KURDISTAN, IRAQ by Afrasiab, Saman R.; Mohammad, Mohammad K.; Hussain, Amer M. (2017) - Al-Sheikhly et al. (2015) stated that it is confined to the mountains of northern Iraq recording it in Shirin Mountain in Barzan area, Erbil Province and Hawraman Mountain, Sulaymaniyah province. Iraq nat. Keywords: afrasiab; erminea; iraq; kurdistan; mustela; north

• GENOTYPE VERSUS PHENOTYPE TO DETERMINE THE DEFINITIVE IDENTIFICATION OF THE GENERA CHLORELLA BEIJERINCK, 1890 (CHLORELLACEAE) AND COELASTRELLA CHODAT, 1922 (SCENDESMACEAE) by Abed, Ibrahim J.; Abdulhasan, Ghusoon A.; Najem, Ali M. (2018) - Molecular identification and phylogenetic relationship of green algae, Spirogyra ellipsospora (Chlorophyta) using ISSR and rbcL markers. Hence, this study aimed to spotlight on the distinctions between classical taxonomy of morphology depending classification and the systematic 103 Ibrahim J. Abed et al. classification by using molecular phylogenetic traits for three coccoid green algae isolated from fresh water in Iraq, and to an emphasis on the importance of genotype to achieve the definition in the identification of algae with convergent phenotypes. Keywords: 18s; algae; chlorella; coccoid; coelastrella; green; identification; iraq; rrna

• A CONTRIBUTION TO THE CHECKLIST OF THE JUMPING SPIDERS (ARANEAE: SALTICIDAE) OF ARMENIA by Zarikian, Noushig (2020) - Yerevan Logunov (2015) 4 Attulus ammophilus (Thorell, 1875) Thirteen species are reported for the Armenian fauna for the first time: Afraflacilla epiblemoides (Chyzer, 1891); Aelurillus v-insignitus (Clerck, 1757); Asianellus festivus (C. L. Koch, 1834); Heliophanus dubius C. L. Koch, 1835; Heliophanus kochii Simon, 1868; Heliophanus tribulosus Simon, 1868; Heliophanus curvidens (O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1872); Macaroeris nidicolens (Walckenaer, 1802); Pellenes diagonalis (Simon, 1868); Pellenes geniculatus (Simon, 1868); Pellenes seriatus (Thorell, 1875); Pellenes tripunctatus (Walckenaer, 1802) and Phlegra fasciata (Hahn, 1826). Keywords: armenia; heliophanus; logunov; prov; salticidae; simon; spiders

• PREDATION BY THE MITE MACROCHELES GLABER (MÜLLER) (ACARINA: MACROCHELIDAE) ON THE HOUSE FLY MUSCA DOMESTICA L. WITH SOME NOTES ON ITS BIOLOGY by Al-Dulaimi, Sabah I. (2002) - Axtell (1961) and Kinn (1966) reported the rate of predation on house fly eggs and larvae by many species of Macrochelidae. To determine the number of house fly eggs destroyed per mite, the same rearing cells were used. Keywords: eggs; female; fly; house; mean; mites; number

• NEW RECORD OF SOME BIOLOGICAL ENEMIES OF CITRUS LEAFMINER Phyllocnistis citrella Stainton (Lepidoptera: Gracillaridae) IN IRAQ by AI-Jboory, Ibrahim I.; Abdul-Rassoul, M. S.; Saleh, Seba J. (2004) - An extensive survey of citrus leaf miner (CLM) , Phyllocnistis citrella Stainton parasites and predators was conducted during 1998 and 1999 in citrus orchards and nursuries in Baghdad, Diyala and Wasit .Five eulophid parasites were recorded for the first time on citrus leaf miner larvae , prepupae and pupae viz. The survey of citrus leaf miner in Baghdad, Diyala and Waist showed presence of some parasitoids and predators feeding on CLM. Keywords: citrus; clm; florida; leaf; miner; parasitoids

• A new species of Wohlfahrtia Brauer and Bergenstam (Dipetera: Sarcophagidae) from Iraq by Mawlood, N. A.; Abdul-Rassoul, M. S. (2001) - Middle femura with anterior row of short bristles extending towards middle; middle tibia (fig 2c) with one anteroventral bristle and two posterodorsal bristles; hind tibia with three anterodorsal and posterodorsal bristles. Thorax: With mesonotum grey, provided with three black longitudinal stripes and covered with whitish pollinose; and provided with several and variuos bristles;acrostichal bristles 0+1; dorsocentral bristles 2+2;notopleural bristles 4; posthumeral bristle 0; humreal bristles 3; intra-alar bristles 1+1; post-alar bristles 2; supra-alar bristles 2; scutellum bristles 3+1; sternopleural bristles 2:1;stigmatal bristle 1; propleural bristle 1 (fig 2a). Keywords: bristles; fig; shape; sternite

• ANNUAL CYCLE IN LIVER WEIGHT OF MARSH FROG RANA RIDIBUNDA PALLAS, 1771 by El-Wailly, Alwan J. (2001) - There was a significant change in liver weights between sexes in April but not in May. Table (1): Percent liver weight (gm) of R. ridibunda. The decrease in liver weight during the hibernation months may be attributed to the utilization of liver glycogen. Keywords: females; frog; hibernation; liver; mean; rana; weight

• HUNTING BEHAVIOR OF THE ORIENTAL HORNET, VESPA ORIENTALIS L., AND DEFENSE BEHAVIOR OF THE HONEY BEE, Apis mellifera L., IN IRAQ by Glaiim, Murtadha K. (2009) - These studies revealed that different species and races of honey bees exhibit different types of behavior of counterattack against different species of hornets. They could be seen either flying in front of the hives, standing on the ground, chasing each other, attacking honey bees, or seeking dead bees and hornets. Keywords: apis; bees; behavior; clump; flight; hive; honey; honey bee; hornet; mellifera; orientalis; vespa
• TESTING THE EFFICACY OF SOME METHODS RECOMMENDED ABROAD FOR CONTROLLING THE ORIENTAL HORNET, VESPA ORIENTALIS L., ATTACKING HONEY BEE, APIS MELLIFERA L., COLONIES IN IRAQ by Glaiim, Murtadha K.; Mahdi, Huda A.; Ibrahim, Hassan A. (2008) - Scientific studies on hornets including their control are rare when compared with those on other pests and diseases attacking honey bees. Third, some of these ideas were suggested in countries where different species of hornets and different species or races of honey bees are found. Keywords: bees; board; cone; control; entrance; flight; hive; honey; hornet; method; traps; vespa

• NEW RECORD OF NANOSESARMA SARII (NADERLOO AND YURKAY, 2009) (CRUSTACEA: DECAPODA: BRACHYURA: SESARMIDAE) FROM KNOR AL-ZUBAIR, SOUTH OF IRAQ by Naser, Murtada D.; Alkhafaji, Khalid KH. S.; Yasser, Amaal GH.; Darweesh, Haider SH. (2013) - The current in the Khor is characterized by one direction throughout the tidal cycle towards the southern end (Arabian Gulf), with velocity exceeding 2m/sec during ebb tide and 0.66 m/sec in flood tide. Earlier records of the genus from the Arabian Gulf area was from Kuwait by Jones (1986) and Apel (2001) as Nanosesarma minutum De Man, 1887, while were referred to it as new species by Naderloo and Türkay (2009). Keywords: gulf; khor; nanosesarma; sarii

• MORPHOLOGICAL, PALYNOLOGICAL, AND MOLECULAR STUDIES ON PSEUDERUCARIA CLAVATA (BOISS. & REUT.) O. E. SCHULZ (1916) (BRASSICALES, BRASSICACEAE) IN EGYPT by Amany S. Abdo; Shafik D. Ibrahim; Azza B. Hamed (2024) - Computational analysis: For P. clavata color forms, the obtained sequences were aligned using the BLAST (Basic Local Alignment Search Tool), which is available online at http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/BLAST. It is employed globally to support taxonomy, biodiversity assessment, and genetic resource conservation, as well as to get beyond the limitations of morphology-based taxonomy (Ho et al., 2021). Keywords: brassicaceae; clavata; clavata subsp; forms; grains; iraq; p. clavata; pollen; pseuderucaria; subsp; subspecies
• PALYNOLOGICAL AND FOLIAR EPIDERMAL STUDIES OF GENUS OXALIS LINNAEUS, 1753 (OXALIDALES, OXALIDACEAE) FROM EGYPT by Eman M. Shamso; Hasnaa A. Hosni; Amal A. Draz; Salwa A. Kawashty; Sameh R. Hussein (2024) - Foliar epidermal studies, organographic distribution and taxonomic importance of trichomes in the family Solanaceae. Palynological and foliar epidermal studies Richetti, E, Costa, T. S., Cabral, W. S., Fiaschi, P., Sakuragui, C. M. and Lusa, M. G. 2022. Keywords: corniculata; foliar; iraq; oxalis; pollen; taxa

• EFFECT OF HONEY ON SPERM CHARACTERISTICS AND PREGNANCY RATE IN MICE by Hadi, Ilaf Hassan (2017) - RESULTS The results of sperm characteristics (sperm concentration, sperm motility, grade of activity and sperm normal morphology) following in vitro activation and incubation of caudal epididymis region for 30 min using IVF medium with and without 10% honey were observed in table (1).The sperm concentrations (x106sperm/ml) following direct activation with 10% honey-IVF medium showed no significant difference as compared with the honey-free IVF medium. Mus. (2017) 14 (3): 223-233 EFFECT OF HONEY ON SPERM CHARACTERISTICS AND PREGNANCY RATE IN MICE Ilaf Hassan Hadi Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, Al-Iraqia University, Baghdad, Iraq E-mail: Ilaf.hadi014@gmail.com Received Date: 30/11/2016 Accepted Date:27/4/2017 ABSTRACT The aim of the current study is to demonstrate the effect of honey on the sperms characteristics (sperm concentration, sperm motility, grade of activity and sperm normal morphology) as well as pregnancy rate in mice. Keywords: et al; grade; honey; journal; mice; morphology; motility; pregnancy; rate; sperm; study

• DESCRIPTIVE OSTEOLOGY STUDY OF ALBURNUS AMIRKABIRI (CYPRINIFORMES: CYPRINIDAE), A NEWLY DESCRIBED SPECIES FROM NAMAK LAKE BASIN, CENTRAL OF IRAN by Jalili, Pariya; Eagderi, Soheil; Nasri, Manouchehr; Mousavi-Sabet, Hamed (2018) - Since, a complete overview of the osteological characteristic of A. amirkabiri is absent; therefore, this study was 52 Descriptive ostrology of Alburnus amirkabiri conducted to provide a detailed description of its osteological features as a basis for further taxonomic researches of this species. For this purpose, eight specimens of A. amirkabiri were collected from the Qareh Chai River by electrofishing and fixed in 4% buffered formalin after anesthesia. Keywords: alburnus; amirkabiri; bones; fin; jalili; process; sabet

• First record of red-back spider Latrodectus scelio thorell, 1870 (Araneae: theridiidae) in Baghdad, Iraq by Abdul-Rassoul, M. S.; Al-Jalely, Basman H.; Al-Nuaim, Khawla Taha; Al-Ani, Luay khahtan (2012) - Red-back spiders, L.(= hasselti) scelio Thorell, are widow spiders (Stallybrass, 1969) and are the most medically importance spiders all over the world, and certainly in Australia (Clark et al. 1992; Vetter and Visscher, 1998; Isbister and Gray, 2002). Red-back spiders, L. scelio, are widow spiders (Stallybrass, 1969). Keywords: latrodectus; red; spider; widow
• NEW RECORD OF THE GENUS LARRA FABRICIUS, 1793 (HYMENOPTERA, CRABRONIDAE) FROM VIETNAM by Huy Pham, Phong ; Thi Dang, Hoa (2021) - Interocular distance on vertex longer than flagellomeres 1+2; inner orbit margins divergent posteriorly in vertical view; scape and pedicel obscure, with moderately dense setae (Pl. 1A); outer surface of fore tibia with row of stout, long spines; forewing dark brown (Pl. 1D); metasomal tergites 1 and 2 and basal half of tergite 3 red (Pl. 1C) …...…………………………………………………………………. …………………………………………. Keywords: larra; polita; red; vietnam

• APHID PREDATORS OF THE GENUS COCCINELLAL. (COLEOPTERA: COCCINELLIDAE) by Swail, Mahdi Abbas (2001) - Mahdi Abbas Swail Department of Biology, College of Education, Wassit ABSTRACT This study deals with Aphid predators of the genus Coccinella L. recognized in different regions of the world. Systematic list of Aphid predators of the genus Coccinella L. Many individuals of the genus Coccinella L. were recognized as predators to Aphids in different parts of the world. Keywords: aphid; appl; coccinella; ento; north; queensland
• TWO NEW RECORDS OF DWARF SNAKES OF THE GENUS EIRENIS JAN, (REPTTILIA, COLUBRIDAE) IN IRAQI KURDISTAN (NORTH AND NORTHEASTERN OF IRAQ) WITH ANNOTATED CHECKLIST, FOR THE GENUS EIRENIS IN IRAQ by Mohamad, Sarbaz I.; Afrasiab, Saman R. (2018) - العراق)كردستان العراق **و سامان رستم افراسياب* سرباز ابراهيم دمحم العراق -اربيل –متحف كردستان للتاريخ الطبيعي * العراق -بغداد –جامعة بغداد –متحف التاريخ الطبيعي ** الخالصة Eirenis thospitis Schmidtler & Lanzaمن حيات القزمة الول مرة في العراق اكتشقت نوعين في جبل سفين شمال مدينة اربيل في شمال E. rothii Jan في جبل سيرين شمال شرق مدينة اربيل و .العراق دعمت بوصف ومالحظات مهمة عن التغيرات مع اضافة قائمة مصنفة لتسهة انواع من جنس Eirenis Jan الموجودة في العراق. The presented paper bring new country records for two Eirenis species and provides an updated annotated list of Eirenis species known up to date from Iraq. Keywords: arbil; east; eirenis; iraq; north; snakes

• A NEW RECORD OF COELASTRELLA TERRESTRIS (REISIGL) HEGEWALD & N. HANAGATA, 2002 (SPHAEROPLEALES, SCENEDESMACEAE) IN IRAQ by Al-Rawi, Altaf; Alwash, Bushra M. J.; Al-Essa, Nagham E.; Hassan, Fikrat M. (2018) - A new record of Coelastrella terrestris Diagram (1): Phylogenetic tree of Coelastrella terrestris based on 18S rRNA gene sequences conferred by GeneBank data base, aligned together with algae available in the NCBI were analyzed and aligned through BLAST from NCBI using the Neighbor-Joining Analyses of 532 bp of corresponding position of 18S rRNA gene sequence. Observations in a new isolate of Coelastrella terrestris (Reisigl) Hegewald & Hanagata (Chlorophyta, Scenedesmaceae) from alpine soil (Tyrol, Austria). Keywords: algae; coelastrella; et al; hanagata; iraq; terrestris

• THE EFFECTS OF TEMPERATURE AND MOISTURE STRESS CONTENT ON THE EXTENSIVE CULTIVATION OF THE OYSTER MUSHROOM by Popovych, Vasil; Les, Mykhailo; Shuplat, Taras; Bosak, Pavlo; Fitak, Mykhailo; Popovych, Nataliya (2019) - The isolated culture of oyster mushroom fruiting bodies collected in a suburban forest formed the basis of the experiment with inoculation of various types of substrates. AET = (7.9 – 4.0) ×28 = 113 C° (2) Phenological three years’ studies on the growth of oyster mushrooms (2015, 2016, 2017) at the trial plots after overgrowing of log sections of eight species by mycelium confirmed the data of many authors (Bysko et al., 1982,1983),about the beginning of intensive growth of oyster mushroom fruiting bodies after stress caused by a sharp drop in temperatures (4-8 C°).We have calculated the amount of effective temperatures for the development of oyster mushrooms from the day of a sharp drop in temperature and the appearance of primordis presented in Table (2). Keywords: bodies; development; fruiting; log; moisture; mushrooms; mycelium; oyster; oyster mushroom; sections; stress; temperature; wave; wood

• PETROLOGY AND PROVENANCE OF THE NATURAL STONE TOOLS FROM Al-DALMAJ ARCHAEOLOGICAL SITE, MESOPOTAMIAN PLAIN, IRAQ by Al- Zubaidi, Aqeel A.; Sissakian, Varoujan; Jassim, Hassan K. (2021) - Key words: Archeology, Mesopotamia, Neolithic, Rocks, Stone tools. Archaeologists often study the stone tools as lithic https://doi.org/10.26842/binhm.7.2021.16.3.0231 232 Petrology and provenance of the natural stone analysis, whereas Ethno archaeologists study the cultural implications of using and manufacturing of stone tools (Paul and Karen, 2015). Keywords: archaeological; dalmaj; gravels; iraq; limestone; mesopotamian; northeast; plain; rocks; site; stone; stone tools; tools

• ANALYTICAL RESULTS OF THE STABILITY OF SOME LIMESTONE ISLANDS IN HA LONG BAY, QUANG NINH PROVINCE OF VIETNAM, A WORLD NATURAL HERITAGE by Thanh, Phi Truong (2019) - 459 Phi Truong Thanh Diagram (3): Geometries of plane slope failure; (a) tension crack in the upper slope, (b) tension crack in the face (Hoek and Bray, 2004). The first block of Dinh Huong Island at survey location HL-03: Plate (9): Model of plane failure block of the fracture orientation 2000/400 of Dinh Huong Island at survey location HL-03 in the case of it has tension crack. Keywords: failure; fracture; limestone; location; long; plane; results; slope; survey

• ORE GENESIS AND MINOR ELEMENTS OF OROGENIC GOLD DEPOSIT AT TAMILOUW– HAYA, SERAM ISLAND, INDONESIA by Samalehu, Herfien; Idrus, Arifudin; Sukadana, I Gede (2021) - INTRODUCTION Bierlein et al. (2001) revealed that Orogenic gold deposits are related to collision settings and active orogenic belts. Distribution, character, and genesis of gold deposits in metamorphic terranes, In: Hedenquist, J. W., Thompson, J. F. H., Goldfarb, R. J. and Richards, J. P. (eds). Keywords: chalcopyrite; deposit; elements; galena; gold; haya; minerals; ore; orogenic; pyrite; seram; sphalerite; tamilouw; temperature; texture; wt.%

• FIRST OBSERVATIONS ON PHRYNOCEPHALUS MACULATUS LONGICAUDATUS HAAS, 1957 (SQUAMATA: SAURIA: AGAMIDAE) IN IRAQ by Al-Barazengy, Ali N. (2014) - Phrynocephalus maculatus maculatus Anderson, 1872 distributed the Central Plateau of Iran, at elevations from 500-3000 meters east through southern Afghanistan and Baluchistan as far as Nushki, Pakistan, and Phrynocephalus maculatus longicaudatus Haas, 1957 is found along the gulf coast of Saudi Arabia Leviton et al. (1992) and Anderson (1999). Phrynocephalus maculatus longicaudatus Haas, 1957 diagnosed depending on Haas (1957), Leviton et al. (1992) and Anderson (1999) RESULTS Keywords: ali; haas; iraq; maculatus; scales; south

• Light and electron microscope studies of the adult of Plearogenoides medians (Olsson, 1876) (Trematoda: Lecithodendriidae) form Iraqi marsh frog Rana ridibunda by Hassan, Husain F.; Saeed, Isam S. (2001) - The differences noted above appear to be sufficient to treat the form described here as a new variety of P. medians for which the name Pleurogenoides medians var. Electron micrographs of adult P. medians revealed that the body surface had a rough appearance by hand-like spines, which are more sparsely distributed towards the posterior end with a presumed function in nutrient absorption. Keywords: electron; iraq; medians; pleurogenoides; sucker

• THE LEVEL OF SUNN PEST OOPHAGOUS PARASITOIDS (HYMENOPTERA: SCELIONIDAE) IN INFESTED WHEAT FIELDS OF NORTHERN GOVERNORATE IN IRAQ WITH AN IDENTIFICATION KEY OF TRISSOLCUS SPECIS by Ali, Wand Kh. (2011) - Kocak, E. and N. Kilincer (2001) Trissolcus species (Hymenoptera: Scelionidae) parasitoids on the eggs of Sunn Pest Eurygaster spp., across Turkey. Ali Salahaddin University, Erbil College of Education Scientific, Biology Department Email: wand2iq@gmail.com ABSTRACT Surveys has done for collecting Sunn Pest which been parasitized by oophagous parasitoids in infested wheat fields of villages around Erbil, Sulimanya and Dohuk governorates from April to the end of May 2010, the result showed that a high rat of eggs hatching was 96.3% within Erbil governorate and its cleared from results that not all laid eggs had been hatched normally . Keywords: egg; erbil; governorate; hill; iraq; parasitoids; pest; sunn; trissolcus

• A NEW SPECIES OF LIODONTOMERUS GAH. FROM IRAQ (HYMENOPTERA, TORYMIDAE) by Abdul-Rassoul, M. S. (2000) - L. longicorpus sp. n. with 2 figures. Liodontomerus longicorpus sp. n. differs from all the known members of the genus (see Szelenyi, 1959: Erdos, 1960 and 1964; Boucek. 1970; Subba Rae° and Bhati. 1961) by the elongate body particularly thorax (hence the specific name). Keywords: dark; iraq; thorax

• DETECTION OF SUBSURFACE CAVITIES BY THE ELECTROMAGNETIC METHOD (Case Study at Haditha Area) by Zaynal, Mohammad S. (2004) - The survey has been executed with EM terrain conductivity and VLF-Radiohm EM resistivity measurements 81 M. S. Zaynal respectively. A high conductivity lower layer produces a phase angle more than (45°), whereas a phase angle less than (45°) is interpreted as indication for high resistivity lower layer. Keywords: conductivity; depth; field; iraq; method; resistivity; zaynal

• SEASONAL CHANGES OF THE TESTES IN THE MARSH FROGE RANA RIDIBUNDA PALLAS, 1771 by El-Wailly, Alwan J. (2002) - From the results obtained from the present work on Rana ridibunda and from the observations on annual cycle in testis weight of some temperate zone anurans we notice that testes tend to be lowest after spawning and the testis cycle seems to be correlated with geographic range of distribution. Testis weight has continuously increased in May sample until reached its greatest average weight in August (0.785%) Table (1): Mean percent testis weight (g) of the marsh frog Rana ridibunda. Keywords: frog; testis; weight

• PARASITIC HELMINTHS OF THE STARLING STURNUS VULGARIS LINNAEUS, 1758 IN BAGHDAD CITY, CENTRAL IRAQ by Al-Moussawi, Azhar Ahmed; Al-Hamdany, Hany Saber (2015) - In Iraq, many helminthes were isolated from S. vulgaris: the cestode Choanotaenia musculosa by Molan et al. (1986), the cestodes Dilepis longisaccata; D. undula and Passerilepis acollaris by Sawada et al. (1987), the nematode Diplotriaena sturni by Chabaud and Mohammad (1988), the nematode Microtetrameres inermis and the acanthocephala Prosthorhynchus gracile by Abdullah et al. (1993), the cestode Passerilepis crenata was isolated by (Abdullah et al., 1993; Abdal-Razak, 1998 and Abdulabas, 2005), also the trematode Brachylaema fuscata, the cestode Choanotaenia muscolosa, the nematode Diplotriaena tricuspus and the acanthocephalan Plagiorhynchus sp. were isolated by Saeed et al. (2003) and the nematode Diplotriaena tricuspus by Abdulabas and Hammadi (2008). D. nasuta is recorded here for the first time from S. vulgaris for Iraq. Keywords: iraq; nasuta; starling; sturnus; vulgaris

• EMBRYONIC DEVELOPMENT OF CEREBRUM IN PYCNONOTUS LEUCOTIS (GOULD, 1836) (AVES, PASSERIFORMES, PYCNONOTIDAE) by Asmaa Basheer Abed; Wijdan Basheer Abid; Dalia H. Al-Hamawandy (2025) - Specimens for embryonic development were processed for paraffin embedding and stained with haematoxylin and eosin for histological study. Embryonic development of cerebrum Keywords: brain; development; embryo; hours; incubation; iraq; layer; telencephalon

• MORPHO-HISTOLOGICAL STUDY OF THE PROVENTRICULUS OF EURASIAN MARSH HARRIER CIRCUS AERUGINOSUS (LINNAEUS, (1766 ( AVES, ACCIPITRIFORMES, ACCIPITRIDAE) by Baydaa Hussain Mutlak; Sadama Said Faraj (2024) - Plate(2): Section in Harrier proventriculus showing the four tunics. Plate (3): Section in Harrier proventriculus showing the folds and sulci. Keywords: epithelium; harrier; iraq; layer; mucosa; proventriculus; stomach; study; tissue; tunica

• THE ABDOMINAL NERVE GANGLIA OF SOME CARABIDAE (COLEOPTERA) OF IRAQ by Al-Sandouk, N. M. (2003) - The position of this tribe among the sub-family Carabinae is uncertain since the number of free abdominal ganglia is reduced to three and the reproductive organs are peculiar. It is found that the number of abdominal ganglia is reduced in some genera among this family and this reduction may be correlated with evolutionary status of these tribes. Keywords: abdominal; ganglia; nerve; tribe

• EXTERNAL MORPHOLOGICAL STUDY OF THE LEAFHOPPER EMPOASCA DECEDENS PAOLI (HOMOPTERA: CICADELLIDAE) FROM IRAQ by Al-Asady, H. S. (2002) - Pronotum (Fig.3) bright yellow; apex truncate; lateral margins converging gradually from the posterior margin toward apical margin to make the later narrower than former; posterior lateral angles obliquely truncate. Forewing (Fig.5) uniformely green with yellowish tinge; costal margin curved; apex rounded; median and inner apical veins are approximately of same length but both are longer 2 Morphology of Empoasca decedens Morphology of Empoasca decedens than outer apical vein; radial vein ended nearly at the middle while median vein ended at the apical third. Keywords: apex; decedens; empoasca; iraq

• CHECK LIST OF IRAQI BRYOFLORA by Al-Ni’ma, B. A. Basheer; Al-Khay’yat, Abdul Husain (2001) - [V62: MRO] 46.7- O. rupestre Schleich [Han:*; V62: MRO; A&V: MRO] 46.8- O. schimperi Hammar[A&V: MRO, MAM, MSU] 46.9- O. soeciosum Nees [Fro:FKI;A&V:LEA,FAR,MRO,MSU] Keywords: a&v; brid; fni; fpf; fro; fuj; han; hedw; mam; mro; msu; var

• ADDITIONAL INFORMATION OF AMPHIDROMUS INVERSUS ANNAMITICUS (CROSSE & P. FISCHER, 1863) (GASTROPODA, STYLOMMATOPHORA, CAMAENINAE) FROM VIETNAM by Dang Hai Lam (2023) - Keywords: Amphidromus, Camaeninae, Land snails, Plains, Vietnam. Besides the data of land snails reported in mountainous and islands with 45 species recorded, there were BULLETIN OF THE IRAQ NATURAL HISTORY MUSEUM Iraq Natural History Research Center & Museum, University of Baghdad https://jnhm.uobaghdad.edu.iq/index.php/BINHM/Home Keywords: amphidromus; annamiticus; nguyen

• STUDY ON THE EFFECT OF ROYAL JELLY OF BEES (APIS MELLIFERA) ON THE MORPHOLOGY AND SPERM FUNCTION PARAMETERS IN MICE (SWISS ALBINO) by Hussin, Amer M. (2015) - In the current study, the results referred to the improvement of sperm motility in the treatment group. This technique for sperm activation is characterized by direct effect of the culture medium on sperm parameters (Fig.1). Keywords: activation; effect; jelly; medium; motility; r.j; royal; sperm; study

• FIRST OBSERVATIONS ON Phrynocephalus maculatus longicaudatus Haas, 1957 (SQUAMATA: SAURIA: AGAMIDAE) IN IRAQ by Al-Barazengy, Ali N. (2015) - Mus. (2015) 13 (3): 1-7 في Phrynocephalus maculatus longicaudatus Haas, 1957املشاهدات ألاولى للحرذون العراق علي نعمة البرزنجي مركز الادارة املستدامة للنظم الطبيعي/ وزارة البيئة ali_bio_84@yahoo.com: البريد الالكتروني 9647703211822+: الهاتف الخالصة في Phrynocephalus maculatus longicaudatus Haas, 1957يوضح هذا البحث حالة وجود النوع ويعتبر هذا النوع من , العراق وتسجيل املشاهدات ألاولى له Phrynocephalus maculatus longicaudatus Haas, 1957 diagnosed depending on Haas (1957), Leviton et al. (1992) and Anderson (1999). Keywords: haas; iraq; longicaudatus; maculatus; scales; south

• New record of ground pearls, Porphyrophora tritici (Bod.) (Homoptera, Margarodidae) as a pest of wheat in Iraq by Abdul-Rassoul, M. S.; Aziz, F. I. (2001) - A survey of the literature concerning wheat pests, shows that there are two species of ground pearls, Porphyrophora tritici (Bod.) and Porphyrophora polonica (L.) distributed throughout the wheat and barely growing areas of western and central Asia (Miller,1991). Mus. (2001) 9 (3): 85-87 New record of ground pearls, Porphyrophora tritici (Bod.) Keywords: iraq; pearls; tritici; wheat

• FIRST RECORD OF AENASIUS ARIZONENSIS (GIRAULT, 1915) (HYMENOPTERA, ENCYRTIDAE), A PARASITOID OF PHENACOCCUS SOLENOPSIS TINSLY, 1898 (HEMIPTERA, PSEUDOCOCCIDAE) IN IRAQ by Abdul-Rassoul, M. S. (2018) - Preliminary studies on field parasitisation and biology of solenopsis mealybug parasitoid Aenasius bambawalei Hayat, (Encyrtidae:Hymenoptera). Appearance and management of a new devastating pest of cotton Phenacoccus solenopsis Tinsley, in Pakistan. Keywords: aenasius; arizonensis; mealybug; phenacoccus; solenopsis

• FIRST RECORD OF BOSTRICHUS CAPUCINUS ( L.) ( COLEOPTERA: BOSTRICHIDAE ) IN IRAQ by Simon, George (2014) - The species Bostrichus capucinus (L.) is found in all Europe (except in Norway, Sweden, Scotland, Ireland and Northern Russia), Mediteranian Islands, Morocco, Algeria and Northern Tunis, Asia Minor, Syria and Caucasus (Fisher, 1950). The insect has been identified by Dr. M. S. Abdul-Rassoul and Dr. R. S. Augul at Iraq National History Research Center and Museum, according to the letter No. 488 on 7th April 2013 as Bostrichus capucinus (L.) (Coleoptera: Bostrichidae). Keywords: bostrichidae; bostrichus; capucinus; iraq

Epilogue

For more detail, about this study carrel, see the computed home page. For more detail about study carrels in general, see the read me file.

Created: 2025-12-24