Bull 357 BULLETIN OF THE IRAQ NATURAL HISTORY MUSEUM Al Anbagi et al. Bull. Iraq nat. Hist. Mus. (2024) 18 (2): 357-366. https://doi.org/10.26842/binhm.7.2024.18.2.0357 ORIGINAL ARTICLE INTRASPECIES GENETIC AND MORPHOLOGICAL ANALYSES OF THE NEW COLLECTION OF MEDICINAL TINDER FOMES FOMENTARIUS (L.) FR.1849 (AGARICOMYCETES, POLYPORALES, POLYPORACEAE) FROM IRAQ Rajaa Abdulrazzaq Al Anbagi*, Sara Q. Sulaiman ** and Fakhir R. H. Alshuwaili*** * Department of Medical Biotechnology, College of Biotechnology, Al-Qasim Green University, Babil, Iraq. **Department of Biology, Collage of Science, Tikrit University, Tikrit, Iraq. ***Department of Applied Biotechnology, College of Biotechnology, Al-Qasim Green University, Babil, Iraq. Corresponding author E-mail: saraqahtan@tu.edu.iq Received: 20 Nov. 2023, Revised: 18 Aug. 2024, Accepted:24 Aug. 2024, Published: 20 December 2024 This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License ABSTRACT Fomes fomentarius (L.) Fr., 1849 (Agaricomycetes, Polyporales, Polyporaceae) is a significant fungal species widely used in traditional medicine. However, several studies have noted there is a genetic variation among strains collected from different geographic regions. The current study focused on identifying the genetic lineage of the first record of Iraqi strain F. fomentarius which was collected from the dead trunk Ficus sycomorus L., 1753 in Sulaylmaniyah Province. The study also and investigated the intraspecific genetic variability of the polypore. After multiple DNA sequence alignment analysis with international sequences, the study confirmed a genetic non-homogeneity of the presented species, and revealed the Iraqi strain has a unique 7 pb signature sequence and belonged to the lineage B. The Iraqi strain has only 2 base pairs differences from Slovak Southern European sequence and 4-8 base pairs from China, Asia (lineage B) and North American. Characterizing the genetic lineage of the current Iraqi strain is important to preserve its divers therapeutic prosperities and biotechnological applications of this species. Keywords: Bioinformatic analyses, Intraspecific genetic variability, Lineages, Polyporus plorans, Rare species. INTRODUCTION The medicinal tinder polypore, Fomes fomentarius (L.) Fr., 1849 (Polyporaceae, Polyporales) is widely distributed across Africa and Asia and throughout North America and Europe. It flourishes in nearly all habitat zones in the forests of Eurasia and North America (Judova et al., 2012). The species is popular in traditional Chinese medicine and still extensively used today. Extensively and involved globally as a source of bioactivity and metabolite production, medicinal complex materials, and therapeutic adjuvants (Chang and BULLETIN OF THE IRAQ NATURAL HISTORY MUSEUM Iraq Natural History Research Center & Museum, University of Baghdad https://jnhm.uobaghdad.edu.iq/index.php/BINHM/Home Copyright © Bulletin of the Iraq Natural History Museum Online ISSN: 2311-9799-Print ISSN: 1017-8678 https://doi.org/10.26842/binhm.7.2024.18.2.0357 https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8873-9448 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7590-7702 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6557-3702 mailto:saraqahtan@tu.edu.iq https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ https://jnhm.uobaghdad.edu.iq/index.php/BINHM/Home 358 Bull. Iraq nat. Hist. Mus. 18 (2): 357-366. Intraspecies genetic and morphological analyses Wasser, 2012; Dresch et al., 2015). Ecologically, this species is diversely active with secondary metabolites making the species one of the major decomposers of deciduous tree debris; consequently, it plays a key role as a CO2, CO2 emitters in forest ecosystems, and providies nesting cavities and shelter for animals and insects (Gilbertson, 1980; Judova et al., 2012; Mukhin et al., 2021). The tinder polypore is characterized by binding hyphae or branched skeletal hyphae, which confer hardiness to the basidiomata that phylogenetically has been placed in a strongly supported clade (98%) with Cryptoporus volvatus, and Datronia mollis (Hibbett et al., 2014). Historically, the species strains also have been questioned their separation from isolates of Fomes fasciatus (Sw.) Cooke, 1885 due to their limited morphological features (Gilbertson and Ryvarden, 1986). However, with limited molecular and physiological data available, it has been confirmed that F. fasciatus and fomentarius are two distinctive morphological species with some cryptic species within this group of strains (Gáper et al., 2016). The ITS rDNA sequence studies of F. fomentarius have shown that the species are genetically heterogenic and previously existed in two lineages (lineages A and B) within European strains (Judova et al., 2012) and recently in four sublineages (A1, A2, B1, B2) (Mukhin et al., 2018; 2021). Therefore, several studies have been concluded that F. fomentarius possibly likely contains cryptic species based on phylogenetic analyses using ITS or multiple genetic markers (Pristaš et al., 2013). Therapeutically, F. fomentarius has a long history of therapeutic uses in Hungary, China, and India where it is regarded as a producer of several pharmacologically active compounds. Both F. fomentarius basidiomata and cultured mycelia have been recognized to be effective antitumor, glycemic, antiviral, and antimicrobial substances (Huang et al., 2012; Gáper et al., 2016). However, the results suggested that metabolic production and bioactivates are strongly triggered by fungal host or substrates and the geographic locations of isolates (Dresch et al., 2015). In Iraq, several studies have reported the first records of medical macrofungi to date (Suliaman et al., 2022; Al Anbagi and Al-Khesraji, 2022; Marie et al., 2023). species of the genera Populus (poplars) along with Salix (willows), both related to the Malpighiales, Salicaceae, along with other subspecies are widely distributed across different geographic regions and are ecologically and economically important landscape trees in Iraq (FAO, 2009; Mustafa, 2018). Consequently, many Basidiomyceres species are expected to be associated with these plants or their microhabitats (Suliaman et al., 2017; Alshuwaili et al., 2021; Al Anbagi and AL-Khesraji, 2022). Recently, the polypore F. fomentarius was collected from the dead trunk Ficus sycomorus in Sulaylmaniyah Province (Marie, 2022). This important species requires genetic characterisation and detection or investigation of its antimicrobial activities. Thus, the aim of the present study is to analyse the intraspecific variability and determine the genetic lineage of F. fomentarius for the first time using phylogenetic species analyses based on available ITS sequences. 359 BULLETIN OF THE IRAQ NATURAL HISTORY MUSEUM Al Anbagi et al. MATERIALS AND METHODES Specimens' information: The basidiocarps were collected from the dead tree trunk Ficus sycomorus using a clean knife during a mushroom survey in 2021 in selected parts of Sulaymaniyah Province, North Iraq. The phenotypic characteristics of the fruiting body were described including macro and microscopic characteristics, as documented by AL-Obaidy (2023). The current scientific name and taxonomic position of species follow the recent edition of Authors of fungal names available in the international Index Fungorum website www.indexfungorum.org. The extracted DNA of F. fomentarius was amplified and sequenced using ITS1 and ITS4 primers (White et al., 1990) with a Thermal Cycler (Gene Amp, PCR system 9700; Applied Biosystem, the newly generated sequence was later submitted into the GenBank database under the genetic code OQ109278. Phylogenetic and statistical analysis: The submitted sequence was reverified and reanalyzed using the Basic Local Alignment Search Tool (BLAST) accessible through the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) Gen Bank (www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/genbank/). The reiterating of sequence similarity searching was applied to detect the closest sequences to the Iraqi strain for subsequent genetic analyses (Tab. 1). Phylogenetic analyses were achieved using 15 rDNA ITS sequences obtained. These included the Iraqi strain of F. fomentarius and selected sequences available in the GenBank database (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/genbank/, Tab. 2). According to Gáper et al. (2016) and Mukhin et al., (2018), the selected sequences served as references for sublineages A1, A2, B1and B2. These sequences were added and multiple aligned using MAFFT Algorithm with manual verification of the obtained results. The 7 bp signature sequence TCGTTTG. From the aligned sequences was detected to discriminate F. fomentarius genotypes using Genoius program (Judova et al., 2012). The sequence of F. fasciatus was selected as an outgroup (Badalyan et al., 2022). The RAxML analyses were performed after determining the best ML model and a tree was constructed using RAxML 7.2.8. Bootstrap values were calculated using Maximum Parsimony analyses with 1000 bootstrap replicates. Table (1): The blast results of the compared Iraqi sequence Fomes fomentarius with NCBI isolates. Species Identification % Host tree Country GenBank code Fomes fomentarius 99.69 Fagus sylvatica Serbia MW327504 F. fomentarius 99.53 Acer platanoides Asian part of Russia MF563981 F. fomentarius 99.53 Carpinus sp. Armenia OL583673 F. fomentarius 99.53 Fagus sp. Armenia OL583671 F. fomentarius 99.53 Salix alba Armenia OL583669 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/genbank/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nucleotide/OL583673.1?report=genbank&log$=nucltop&blast_rank=5&RID=FJZB3NC0016 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nucleotide/OL583671.1?report=genbank&log$=nucltop&blast_rank=6&RID=FJZB3NC0016 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nucleotide/OL583669.1?report=genbank&log$=nucltop&blast_rank=7&RID=FJZB3NC0016 360 Bull. Iraq nat. Hist. Mus. 18 (2): 357-366. Intraspecies genetic and morphological analyses Table (2): Overview of polypore strains with isolates in Table (1) used for phylogenetic analyses including GenBank accession number, natural substrate (host), and provenance. Species Host tree Country GenBank code F. fomentarius Salix spp. Iran KM433840 F. fomentarius Populus tremula Slovakia GQ184600 F. fomentarius Fagus sp. Armenia OL583667 F. fomentarius Picea abies Austria KM360128 F. fomentarius Betula papyrifer USA JX126893 F. fomentarius Betula papyrifera USA JX183708 F. fomentarius Unspecified China JX290073 F. fomentarius Unspecified China EU273503 F. fasciatus Platanus occidenttalis USA JX126900 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION The newly submitted sequence was 723 continuous base pairs with 48% of GC content. The molecular identification of the Iraqi query sequence confirmed the morphological species affinity and identified it as F. fomentarius. The BLAST results in NCBI databases showed a sequence similarity, the value of the newly sequence 99.69% and query coverage of 100% with the F. fomentarius strain TMF2 which was isolated from the deciduous forest located on mountain Avala, Serbia, from a beech Fagus sylvatica tree that has accession number MW327504. This newly generated ITS sequence also showed 99.53% similarity with other isolates highlighted with blue arrows in Diagram (1). The ITS regions in particular are useful for taxonomic reasons due to being highly variables between species and their conserved with intraspecific similarities usually higher than 99% (White et al., 1990). The currently generated ITS sequence is the first deposited sequences in Iraq and the third sequence from Asia, the world’s largest continent, submitted to the GenBank. According to our current knowledge, the species has been isolated from only a few strains in China and two strains in Iran representing the Asia isolates sublineage. Diagram (1): The heatmap and number of bases/ residues which are not identical of the Fomes fomentarius Iraq strain (violate color) compared with some international strains in the DNA alignment of partial internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequences. The Iraqi strain was different in a single nitrogen base from the bases found in DNA isolates in the column 4 (KM433840) to the column 9 (MW327504). 361 BULLETIN OF THE IRAQ NATURAL HISTORY MUSEUM Al Anbagi et al. The current results from the heatmap differences displayed that sequence divergence between the Iraqi strain of F. fomentarius and the outgroup F. fasciatus was 100 base pairs in agreement with the findings of Gáper et al. (2016). The sequence of the Iraqi strain is highly homologous with only one base difference per sequence due to the insertion of a single adenine (A) base into its sequence in the site 23 Compared to the closest international sequences (Diag. 1). The number of base differences between the Iraqi sequence (OQ109278) and the Slovak Southern European sequence, (GQ184600) was 2 base pairs while differences with other sequences from China, Asia (lineage B), North American, and Northern European (both lineage A) strains were 4-8 and 20-22 base pairs respectively. These results concurred with previous results which revealed there were base sequence between lineages A and B of F. fomentarius nearly 20 times higher (Gáper et al., 2016). The sequence genotype of the Iraqi strain was classified as genotype B based on the presence of the 7 bp signature sequence TCGTTTG in both the ITS1 region of the isolate (data not shown) and alignment sequences of the investigated strains showed in Diagram (2). According to Judova et al. (2012), the presence of 7 bp signature sequence in the ITS1 region is used to distinguish F. fomentarius genotypes in which all strains are classified as genotype B when that sequence presence while strains are classified as genotype A, when strains lacking sequence as being shown in Diagram (2). Other researchers have confirmed this signature and use it to differentiate isolates in into lineages A and B or A1, A2 and B for strains collected from (Gáper et al., 2016; Náplavová et al., 2019). This evidence suggests that F. fomentarius may include several sympatric cryptic species and multifaceted genetic structure of F. fomentarius population presenting different host preferences (Judova et al., 2012; Gáper et al., 2016). Diagram (2): The DNA alignment of partial internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequences of Fomes fomentarius Iraq strain (pointed in the green arrow) with some international strains. The strains were divided into two variable lineages: lineage A strains (GenBank accession nos. starting with JX126893 and ending with OL583667) and lineage B strains (GenBank accession nos. starting with EU273503 and ending with MW3275O4) based on Judova et al. (2012). Lineage specific residue is surrounding by two green lines. Unidentical nucleotide residues are colored by different. B A 362 Bull. Iraq nat. Hist. Mus. 18 (2): 357-366. Intraspecies genetic and morphological analyses The phylogeny tree of the current results supports the separation of F. fomentarius from Iraq and other international species sequences from the sequence of F. fasciatus as distinct phylogenetic species (Diag. 3) in agreement with the previous studies (McCormick and Grand, 2013; Badalyan et al., 2022). The investigated isolates in the presented tree clearly indicate the presence of four clades within F. fomentarius with Bootstrap values >70%. The tree separated clades based on the geographic origin and the substrate. Both these features are essential factors driving speciation in this genus (Dresch et al., 2015). The topology of the tree in the current study aligns with Dresch et al. (2015) who inferred four clades of F. fomentarius corresponding to North European, North American and East Asian, Chinese, and South European clades using the Maximum likelihood method. The strains of these distinct lineages grow on different host tree species North European (Austria), and Chinese isolates and another clade compressing a mixture of isolates from Iraq (the current strain), Iran, Sothern European (Slovakia) and Asia parts of Russia (Southern Urals). The Iraqi sequence clustered with the Iranian and Southern European strains (sequences) which were sister clade to Chinese strains. Diagram (3): Phylogenetic placement of the F. fomentarius Iraqi strain and some international strains from ITS data inferred by using the Maximum Likelihood method. Unlike the findings of Badalyan et al. (2022), the current results separated the Iranian and Chinese strains from each other into different groups. The presented results support the recent 363 BULLETIN OF THE IRAQ NATURAL HISTORY MUSEUM Al Anbagi et al. proposal that F. fomentarius is a taxonomically complex species (Badalyan et al., 2022). Within a single lineage, species strains isolated from distinctive substrates exhibited significant variation in their optimal growth temperatures, secondary metabolites, and bioactivities of fruit body extracts. Therefore, understanding the intraspecies genetic relations between strains connecting with other data such as species host, geographic location, and physiological properties along with other related factors provides valuable insights into the medicinal F. fomentarius lineages/sublineages (Dresch et al., 2015). CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, the current results reveal the interspecies genetic variation of Fomes fomentarius from the north part of Iraq (a new record) in comparison to strains from other parts of the world. Further studies are needed to collect isolates of the species from other parts of Iraq to detect whether there are other lineages/sublineages and/or even other species related to the genus. Species delimitation is a significant issue in medicinal fungi. Therefore, detecting intraspecies genetic variability of F. fomentarius strains is essential due to their diverse therapeutic prosperities. That is vital for improving biological features of species strains as enhanced bioactive materials leading to improve the medicinal value or biotechnological applications of this species. CONFLICT OF INTEREST STATEMENT "The authors declare no conflict of interest to declare". LITEREATURE CITED Al Anbagi, R. A. and AL-Khesraji, T. O. 2022. Morchella conica Pres., 1818 (Peziziales, Morchellaceae): a new record from Iraq. Bulletin of the Iraq Natural History Museum, 17(1): 89-101. [CrossRef] Al-Obaidy, S. M. M. 2023. Phenotypic and molecular diagnosis of some species of Basidiomycete fungi and detection of the inhibitory effect of silver nanoparticles manufactured from them against some species of pathogenic bacteria and fungi. M.Sc. thesis, College of Science, University of Tikrit, 209 pp. Alshuwaili, F. E., Al Anbagi, R. A. and Stephenson, S. L. 2021. Mycobiome sequencing and analysis of the assemblages of fungi associated with leaf litter on the Fernow Experimental Forest in the Central Appalachian Mountains of West Virginia. Current Research in Environmental and Applied Mycology (Journal of Fungal Biology), 11(1): 315-332. [CrossRef] Badalyan, S. Z. E. and Mukhin, V. 2022. The phylogenetic analysis of Armenian collections of medicinal tinder polypore Fomes fomentarius (Agaricomycetes, Polyporaceae). Italian Journal of Mycology, 51(1): 23-33. [CrossRef] https://doi.org/10.26842/binhm.7.2022.17.1.0089 https://doi.org/10.5943/cream/11/1/24 https://doi.org/10.6092/issn.2531-7342/14474 364 Bull. Iraq nat. Hist. Mus. 18 (2): 357-366. Intraspecies genetic and morphological analyses Chang, S. T. and Wasser, S. P. 2012. The role of culinary-medicinal mushrooms on human welfare with a pyramid model for human health. International Journal of Medicinal Mushrooms, 14(2): 95-134. [CrossRef] Dresch, P., D'Aguanno, M. N., Rosam, K., Grienke, U., Rollinger, J. M. and Peintner, U. 2015. Fungal strain matters: colony growth and bioactivity of the European medicinal polypores Fomes fomentarius, Fomitopsis pinicola and Piptoporus betulinus. AMB Express, 5(1): 4. [CrossRef] FAO. 2009. International workshop improves the contribution poplars and willows in meeting sustainable livelihoods and land-use in selected Mediterranean and central Asian countries. FAO Project GCP/INT/059/ITA, Izmit, Turkey. [Click here] Gáper, J., Gáperová S., Pristas, P. and Náplaková, K. 2016. Medicinal value and taxonomy of the tinder polypore, Fomes fomentarius (Agaricomycetes): a review. International Journal of Medicinal Mushrooms, 18(10): 851-859. [CrossRef] Gilbertson, R. L. 1980. Wood-rotting fungi of North America. Mycologia, 72(1): 1-49. [CrossRef] Gilbertson, R. L. and L. Ryvarden. 1986. North American polypores. Vol. I. Abortiporus- Lindtneria. Fungiflora Press, Oslo, Norway, 433 pp. Hibbett, D. S., Bauer, R., Binder, M., Giachini, A. J., Hosaka, K., Justo, A., Larsson, E., Larsson, K. H., Lawrey, J.D., Miettinen, O., Nagy, L. G., Nilsson, R. H., Weiss, M. and Thorn, R. G. 2014. Agaricomycetes. In: McLaughlin, D. J. and Spatafora R. J. (eds). The mycota: systematics and evolution, part A. VII. 2nd ed. Heidelberg (Germany), Springer, p. 373-429. Huang, T. Z., Du, D. Y., Chen, Y. Q., Yuan, B., Ju, X. Y., Feng, Y. J. and Jiang, J. H. 2012. Chemical constituents and antitumor activity of fruiting body of Fomes fomentarius. Mycosystema, 31(5): 775-783. [Click here] Judova, J., Dubikova, K., Gaperova, S., Gaper, J. and Pristas, P. 2012. The occurrence and rapid discrimination of Fomes fomentarius genotypes by ITS-RFLP analysis. Fungal Biology, 116(1): 155-160. [CrossRef] Marie, S. M. 2022. Phenotypic and molecular diagnosis of macrofungal and detection of antimicrobial and antioxidant activity of silver nanoparticles prepared from some species. M.Sc. thesis in Biology, College of Science, Department of Biology, University of Tikrit, 209 pp. Marie, S. M., Al Anbagi R. A. and Suliaman, S. Q. 2023. Silver nanoparticles synthesized from Polyporus plorans, a wild mushroom with detecting its physio-chemical https://doi.org/10.1615/intjmedmushr.v14.i2.10 https://doi.org/10.1186/s13568-014-0093-0 https://www.fao.org/4/k6000e/k6000e00.htm https://doi.org/10.1615/intjmedmushrooms.v18.i10.10 https://doi.org/10.1080/00275514.1980.12021153 http://journals.im.ac.cn/jwxtcn/ch/reader/advance_query.aspx https://doi.org/10.1016/j.funbio.2011.10.010 365 BULLETIN OF THE IRAQ NATURAL HISTORY MUSEUM Al Anbagi et al. characterization and antimicrobial activities. Egyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences, 15(1): 43-59. [CrossRef] McCormick, M. A., Grand, L. F., Post, J. B. and Cubeta, M. A. 2013. Phylogenetic and phenotypic characterization of Fomes fasciatus and Fomes fomentarius in the United States. Mycologia, 105(6): 1524-1534. [CrossRef] Mukhin, V. A., Diyarova, D. K., Gitarskiy, M. L. and Zamolodchikov, D. G. 2021. Carbon and oxygen gas exchange in woody debris: The process and climate-related drivers. Forests, 12(9): 1156. [CrossRef] Mukhin, V. A., Zhuykova, E. V. and Badalyan, S. M. 2018. Genetic variability of the medicinal tinder bracket polypore, Fomes fomentarius (Agaricomycetes), from the Asian part of Russia. International Journal of Medicinal Mushrooms, 20(6): 561-568. [CrossRef] Mustafa, S. A. 2018. A study biological and ecological of poplar leaf beetle, Chrysomela populi L. (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) in Kirkuk Governorate. Kirkuk University Journal for Agricultural Sciences, 9(4): 24-29. [CrossRef] Náplavová, K., Gáper, J., Gáperová, S., Beck, T., Pristaš, P., Soares, C. and Lima, N. 2019. Genetic and plant host differences of Fomes fomentarius in selected parts of Southern Europe. Plant Biosystems, 154(1): 125-127. [CrossRef] Pristaš, P., Gáperová, S., Gáper, J. and Júdová, J. 2013. Genetic variability in Fomes fomentarius reconfirmed by translation elongation factor 1-α DNA sequences and 25S LSU rRNA sequences. Biologia, 68(5): 816-820. [CrossRef] Suliaman, S. Q., AL-Khesraji, T. O. and Hassan, A. A. 2017. New records of basidiomycetous macrofugi from Kurdistan region-Northern Iraq. African Journal of Plant Science, 11(6): 209-219. [CrossRef] Suliaman, S.Q., Alsugmiany, R. Z. M. and Abed, S. A. 2022. Inhibitory effectiveness of the extract of fungus Ganoderma adspersum against six species of Candida. NeuroQuantology, 20 (5): 1631-1640. [CrossRef] White, T. J., Bruns, T. D., Lee, S. B. and Taylor, J. W. 1990. Amplification and direct sequencing of fungal ribosomal RNA genes for Phylogenetics. In: Innis, M. A., Gelfand, D. H., Sninsky, J. J. and White, T. J.(eds.), PCR protocols: a guide to Methods and Applications, Academic Press, New York, p. 315-322. [CrossRef] https://doi.org/10.21608/EAJBSG.2023.285126 https://doi.org/10.3852/12-336 https://doi.org/10.3390/f12091156 https://doi.org/10.1615/IntJMedMushrooms.2018026278 https://doi.org/10.58928/ku18.09404 https://doi.org/10.1080/11263504.2019.1701129 https://doi.org/10.2478/s11756-013-0228-9 https://doi.org/10.5897/AJPS2017.1543 https://doi.org/10.14704/nq.2022.20.5.NQ22550 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-372180-8.50042-1 366 Bull. Iraq nat. Hist. Mus. 18 (2): 357-366. Intraspecies genetic and morphological analyses Bull. Iraq nat. Hist. Mus. (2024) 18 (2): 357-366. التحاليل الوراثية و املظهرية لداخل النوع للتسجيل الجديد للفطر الطبي Fomes fomentarius (L.) Fr., 1849 (Agaricomycetes, Polyporales, Polyporaceae) من العراق ***فاخر ر.ح. الشويليو **، سارا قحطان سليمان*رجاء عبدالرزاق العنبكي الطبية، كلية التقانات االحيائية، جامعة القاسم الخضراء، * قسم التقانات األحيائية .بابل، العراق .قسم علوم الحياة، كلية العلوم، جامعة تكريت، تكريت، العراق* * القاسم ة*** قسم التقانات األحيائية التطبيقية، كلية التقانات األحيائية، جامع .الخضراء، بابل، العراق 20/12/2024، النشر: 24/8/2024القبول: ،20/8/2024اجعة: املر ،20/11/2023االستالم: الخالصة رتبة ، Agaricomycetes لصنفالعائد Fomes fomentarius (L.) Fr., 1849 الفطريعد Polyporales عائلة وPolyporaceae من االنواع املهمة التي تستخدم على نطاق واسع في أن هناك تباينا وراثيا بين سالالت األنواع التي تم الطب التقليدي. مع ذلك، فقد لوحظ جمعها من مناطق جغرافية مختلفة في العديد من الدراسات. ركزت الدراسة الحالية على التي F. fomentarius للتسجيل األول للساللة العراقية Genetic lineage تحديد النسب الجيني في محافظه السليمانية والتحري Ficus sycomorus L., 1753 جمعت من الجذع امليت للنوع بعد تحليل محاذاة التسلسل .Polypore عن التباين الوراثي داخل النوع لهذا البوليبور الحامض النووي منقوص االوكسجين املتعدد مع التسلسالت الدولية، اكدت الدراسة عدم صمة القواعد النيتروجينية التجانس الجيني للنوع املدروس واظهرت أن الساللة العراقية لها ب اختلفت الساللة العراقية فقط بزوجين قاعديين عن .B وتنتمي إلى الساللة pb 7السبعة وأمريكا (B أزواج قاعدية من الصين وآسيا( الساللة 8-4تسلسل جنوب أوروبا السلوفاكية و ا للحفاظ على الشمالية. يعد توصيف الساللة الوراثية لساللة العراقية الحالية أمرا مهم التنوع العالجي والتطبيقات التكنولوجية الحيوية لهذا النوع.