Bull 633 Bull. Iraq nat. Hist. Mus. (2025) 18 (3): 633-649. https://doi.org/10.26842/binhm.7.2025.18.3.0633 ORIGINAL ARTICLE CRABRONID WASPS: AN UPDATED CHECKLIST FROM IRAQ Shatha Abdullateef Hamodee* * Iraq Natural History Research Center and Museum, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq. E-mail: shatha.a.909@nhm.uobaghdad.edu.iq Recived: 24 Nov. 2024, Revised: 23 April 2025., Accepted: 1 May 2025, Published:20 June 2025 This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License ABSTRACT The checklist of Iraqi crabronid wasps has been updated due to this work. A total of 67 species are listed belonging to 29 genera, across 10 tribes within five subfamilies. The species distribution is also provided, and an identification key was developed to differentiate the high taxa. Keywords: Apoid wasps, Hymenoptera, Iraqi fauna, Square-headed, Iraq, Taxa. INTRODUCTION The family Crabronidae, is commonly referred to as square-headed wasps, was defined by Bohart and Menke (1976). This family is traditionally placed within the superfamily Apoidea, which includes bees, sphecoid wasps, and apoid wasps. Historically, it was classified under the group Spheciformes, which also includes Ampulicidae, Sphecidae, Crabronidae, and Heterogynaidae (Melo, 1999). In Iraq, several taxonomic studies have been conducted on this family. For instance, Antropov (2007) described Guichardus assyriacus Antropov, 2007, and Schmid-Egger (2007) recorded Lithium baghdadensis Schmid-Egger, 2007. Augul (2017) developed a key to the species of Cerceris Latreille, 1802. Later Hamodee et al. (2023) recorded two new species of Cerceris, including Cerceris dorsalis Eversmann, 1849 and Cerceris priesneri Mochi, 1939. Furthermore, Hamodee and Shafeeq (2023) described and illustrated a new taxon, Oxybelochardus iraqensis; as well as the female of this taxon was described and illustrated by Augul and Hamodee (2025). This investigation has potential ecological significance, serving as an indicator of biodiversity health. Therefore, the study aims to provide valid names, update the Crabronidae list, and present synonyms and distribution data. BULLETIN OF THE IRAQ NATURAL HISTORYMUSEUM Iraq Natural History Research Center & Museum, University of Baghdad https://jnhm.uobaghdad.edu.iq/index.php/BINHM/Home Copyright © Bulletin of the Iraq Natural History Museum Online ISSN: 2311-9799, Print ISSN: 1017-8678 https://doi.org/10.26842/binhm.7.2025.18.3.0633 https://orcid.org/0009-0004-0326-3049 mailto:shatha.a.909@nhm.uobaghdad.edu.iq https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ https://jnhm.uobaghdad.edu.iq/index.php/BINHM/Home 634 Bull. Iraq nat. Hist. Mus. 18 (3): 633-649. Crabronid wasps MATERIALS AND METHODS Sampling: An irregular survey of the crabronid wasps was conducted from March 2023 to May 2024 across various areas, including the following provinces: Baghdad, Diyala, Wasit, Al-Anbar, and Salahaddin. Surveys were performed in both cultivated and wild fields, including plants, land, and potential nesting sites such as dry tree branches. Collections were made by the team from the Iraq Natural History Research Center and Museum, University of Baghdad using aerial and sweep nets. Examination of Specimens: Wasps were preserved after drying and pinning, accompanied by the collection date, location, and taxonomic information. Morphological analysis was performed using a dissecting microscope (OPTIKA) and an iPhone X-Max camera, with illustrations produced using a Camera Lucida. Scale bars were included in the images for reference. Identification: The subfamilies, tribes and genera were identified applying the keys of Bohart and Menke (1976), adapted for Iraqi specimens obtained in this study. The scientific nomenclature was updated and cross-checked with Pulawski (2003), GBIF Secretariat (2024), and other catalogues, relevant checklists, and articles referenced under the distribution of species sections. Terminology and abbreviations: The morphological terminology used in the identification follows the framework established by Bohart and Menke (1976). The abbreviations used in the current paper are as follows: INHRCM- Iraq Natural History Research Center and Museum –University of Baghdad; S- sternum; SMC- submarginal cell of forewing; T- tergum. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION This study reports 67 species of crabronid wasps from 10 tribes, 5 subfamilies, and 29 genera. The distribution of these species is also provided. Key to subfamilies and tribes of Crabronidae: 1-Gaster petiolate, composed of sternum I only (Fig.A) ........................... Pemphredoninae …………..…. Forewing with three SMC (Fig.B) ……….………………….....…… Psenini - Gaster variable, sessile (Pl. A); if petiolate composed of T and S (Pl. B) ……..……… 2 2- Clypeus tripartite (Pl. C, D) ………..… Philanthinae …………………………............ 3 - Clypeus not divided (Pl. E, F) ..........................…………..…...…………..…..….….…4 3- Inner orbit of compound eye notched (Pl. C) ………….……..……………..…. Philanthini - Inner orbit of compound eye complete (Pl. D)………………….…………..……. Cercerini 4- Inner orbits strongly converging above or holoptic (Fig. C); midtibiae with two apical spurs (Fig. D) .................. Astatinae ………. Eyes holoptic in males (Fig. C) ................. Astatini 635 BULLETIN OF THE IRAQ NATURAL HISTORY MUSEUM Hamodee, Sh. A. - Inner orbits variable, parallel, converging below; if converging above, midtibiae with one apical spur (Fig.E) …………………………………………………………………..…. 5 5- Antennal sockets entry way above frontoclypeal suture (Pl..E) ……….. Bembicinae …..…. Prestigmal distance of SMC in forewing markedly longer than half total cell distance (Fig. F) ……..…………………………………………………….……..…….. Bembicini - Basal scape insertion just above or contagious with frontoclypeal suture (Pl. F) ……….…Crabroninae……………………………………………………………….… 6 6- Forewing with three SMC (Fig. G)………………….……….…..……...….….… Larini - Forewing with one or two SMC (Fig. H, I) ……………………….……………….……7 7- SMC separate from discoidal cell (Fig.H) …...………………….....……..….... Crabronini - SMC merged with discoidal cell (Fig.I) ……..……………..…………...……… Oxybelini Plates (1): Main characters of Crabronidae family; (A) ♀ Liris haemorrhoidalis (Lateral view), (B) ♂ Cerceris bupresticida (Lateral view), (C) Head of ♂ Philanthus triangulum (Frontal view), (D) Head of ♂ Cerceris bupresticida (Frontal view), (E) Head of ♂ Bembix oculata (Frontal view), (F) Head of ♀ Liris haemorrhoidalis. [Scale bar (A) 5mm, (B-F) 1mm]. 636 Bull. Iraq nat. Hist. Mus. 18 (3): 633-649. Crabronid wasps Figures (1): Main characters of Crabronidae family; (A) ♀ Gaster of Mimumesa unicolor (Lateral view), (B) Forewing of M. unicolor, (C) Head of ♂ Astata boops (Frontal view), (D) Midtibea of ♂ A. boops, (E) Midtibea of Ammatomus rufonodis. Forewings of (F) ♂Ammatomus rufonodis, (G) ♀ Liris haemorrhoidalis, (H) ♀ Lindenius sp., (I) ♂ Oxybelus lamellatus. [Scale bar: 0.5mm (A-E, 8, 9); 1mm (F-G)]. (A)Subfamily: Pemphredoninae Tribe, Psenini Genus, Ammoplanus Giraud, 1869 Ammoplanus marathroicus (De Stefani Perez, 1887) Distribution: Iraq (Mokrousov, 2017). Austria, Bulgaria, Cyprus, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Italy, Russia, Spain, China, Iran, Jordan, Kyrgyzstan, Mongolia, Syria, and Türkiye, Morocco, and Tunisia (Jahantigh et al., 2017). Genus, Diodontus Curtis, 1834 Diodontus minutus (Fabricius, 1793) Distribution: Iraq (de Beaumont, 1961). Austria, Belarus, Bulgaria, Croatia, Denmark, France, Germany, UK, Greece, Hungary, Italy, Latvia, Malta, Netherlands, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Türkiye, Ukraine, Afghanistan, China, Cyprus, Iran, Kazakhstan, Korea, Kuwait, Mongolia, Syria, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, Sudan, Tunisia, and USA (Antropov, 2017). Genus,MimumesaMalloch, 1933 Mimumesa unicolor (Vander Linden, 1829) Materials (2♀♀): Wasit Province, Al-Suwaira City, 32°52'20.9"N 44°57'16.2"E, 21. x.2023. Distribution: Iraq (Nemkov, 2009). Austria, Belarus, Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech Republic, 637 BULLETIN OF THE IRAQ NATURAL HISTORY MUSEUM Hamodee, Sh. A. Denmark, Cyprus, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Italy, Latvia, Malta, Netherlands, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Ukraine, Türkiye, UK, Sudan and Tunisia, and USA (Jahantigh et al., 2017). Afghanistan, Iran, Korea, Pakistan, Kazakhstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Kuwait, Mongolia, Syria, China, and Uzbekistan (Antropov, 2017). Genus, Psenulus Kohl, 1897 Psenulus meridionalis de Beaumont, 1937 Distribution: Iraq (de Beaumont, 1961). Austria, Bulgaria, Croatia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Italy, Poland, Romania, Russia, Serbia, Slovakia, Spain, Switzerland, Türkiye, Ukraine, Afghanistan, Azerbaijan, China, Iran, Jordan, Kazakhstan, Pakistan, Syria, and Uzbekistan (Jahantigh et al., 2017). Genus, Psen Latreille, 1796 Note: This genus was recorded in Iraq as Psen sp. by Khalaf and Al-Omar (1974). Tribe, Pemphredonini Genus, Pemphredon Latreille, 1796 Pemphredon lethifer (Shuckard, 1837) Distribution: Iraq (Khalaf And Al-Omar, 1974). Austria, Belarus, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Russia, Croatia, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Uk, Greece, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Malta, Netherlands, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Türkiye, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Ukraine, Canada, and USA (Jahantigh et al., 2017). Azerbaijan, China, Iran, Japan, Kazakhstan, Korea, Mongolia, Tajikistan, Kyrgyzstan, Afghanistan, and Uzbekistan (Antropov, 2017). (B) Subfamily: Philanthinae Tribe, Cercerini Genus, Cerceris Latreille, 1802 Cerceris arenaria (Linnaeus, 1758) Distribution: Iraq (Kaddou, 19670). Albania, Croatia, Czech Republic, Germany, Greece, Italy, Slovakia, Türkiye, Ukraine, Japan, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, and Mongolia (Tsuneki, 1971). Cerceris dorsalis Eversmann, 1849 Distribution: Iraq (Hamodee et al., 2023). Türkiye, Russia, Ukraine, Iran, Afghanistan, China, Kazakhstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, and Mongolia (Jahantigh et al., 2017). Cerceris bupresticida Dufour, 1841 Materials (2♂♂,1♀): 1♂, 1♀: Iraq,Wasit Prov., Al-Suwaira City, 32°52'18.2"N 45°01'19.4"E, 1.v.2023. 1♂: Wasit Prov., Al-Suwaira City, 32°52'20.9"N 44°57'16.2"E, 21. x.2023. Distribution: Iraq (Morice, 1921). Iran, Afghanistan, Kazakhstan, Mongolia, China (Tsuneki, 1971). Tunisia (Ben Khedher and Erol, 2024). 638 Bull. Iraq nat. Hist. Mus. 18 (3): 633-649. Crabronid wasps Cerceris chlorotica Spinola, 1839 Distribution: Iraq (Morice, 1921). North Africa and Sudan (Schmidt, 2000). Cerceris hortivaga Kohl, 1880 Materials (4♂♂, 2♀♀): 2♂♂, 2♀♀: Wasit Prov., Al-Suwaira City, 32°52'18.2"N 45°01'19.4"E, 1. v.2023. 2♂♂: Wasit Prov., Al-Suwaira City, 32°52'20.9"N 44°57'16.2"E, 21.x.2023. Distribution: Iraq (Kaddou, 1967). France, Russia, Siberia, Japan, China, and Korea (Schmidt, 2000). Cerceris luxuriosa Dahlbom, 1845 Distribution: Iraq (Morice, 1921). Egypt, Sudan, and Libya (Guiglia, 1932). Cerceris pallidulaMorice, 1897 Distribution: Iraq (Morice, 1921). Egypt, Morocco, Algeria, and Tunisia (Schmidt, 2000). Cerceris priesneriMochi, 1939 Distribution: Iraq (Hamodee et al., 2023). UAE, Yemen, KSA, Oman, and Egypt (Gadallah and Brothers, 2020) Cerceris quadricincta (Panzer, 1799) Distribution: Iraq (de Beaumont, 1961), UK, Germany, Türkiye, Iran, Afghanistan, Kazakhstan, Tunisia, and Morocco (Schmidt, 2000). Cerceris rubida (Jurine, 1807) Distribution: Iraq (Derwesh, 1965). Slovakia, Hungary, Türkiye, Cyprus, Ukraine, Russia, Syria, Iran, Afghanistan, Mongolia, China, Japan, and Morocco (Schmidt, 2000). Cerceris sabulosa (Panzer, 1799) Materials (2♀♀): Wasit Prov., Al-Suwaira City, 32°52'18.2"N 45°01'19.4"E, 1. v.2023. Distribution: Iraq (Morice, 1921). UK, Austria, Bulgaria, France, Germany, Hungary, Italy, Spain, Russia, Ukraine, Türkiye, Armenia, Iran, Mongolia, China, Korea, Tajikistan, and Egypt (Gadallah and Assery, 2004). Cerceris spinipectus F. Smith, 1856 Distribution: Iraq (Morice, 1921). Cyprus, Greece, Iran, Palestine, Uzbekistan, Turkmenistan, Afghanistan, and Egypt (Schmidt, 2000). Cerceris straminea Dufour, 1854 Distribution: Iraq, Oman, UAE, Yemen, Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, Algeria, Egypt, and Morocco (Gadallah et al., 2013). Cerceris tricolorata Spinola, 1839 Distribution: Iraq (Morice, 1921). Oman, UAE, Yemen, Kazakhstan, KSA, Uzbekistan, Algeria, Egypt, and Morocco (Gadallah et al., 2013). 639 BULLETIN OF THE IRAQ NATURAL HISTORY MUSEUM Hamodee, Sh. A. Tribe, Philanthini Genus, Philanthus Fabricius, 1790 Philanthus coarctatus Spinola, 1839 Material (1♂): undiagnosed specimen among undiagnosed specimens obtained from INHRCM collection. Distribution: Iraq (Morice, 1921). Italy, Türkiye, Jordan, Oman, KSA, UAE, Algeria, Chad, Egypt, Ethiopia, Libya, Mauritania, and Sudan (Jahantigh et al., 2017). Philanthus triangulum (Fabricius, 1775) Materials (6♂♂, 2♀♀): 2♂♂, 2♀♀: Wasit Prov., Al-Azizyah, 32°54'06.2"N 45°03'07.8"E, 1. v.2023. 3♂♂, Diyala Prov., Kan'an Forests (33°38'22.1"N 44°51'59.2"E, 8.iii.2024. 1 ♂ undiagnosed specimen among undiagnosed specimens obtained from INHRCM collection. Distribution: Iraq (de Beaumont, 1961). Malagasy, Malta, Morocco, Russia, Georgia, Azerbaijan, Syria, Jordan, Yemen, Iran, Afghanistan, and Kazakhstan (Antropov, 2017). Albania, Austria, Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech, Denmark, France, Germany, UK, Greece, Hungary, Italy, Netherlands, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Ukraine, Sweden, Cyprus, Tajikistan andTurkmenistan, Algeria, Burundi, Egypt, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Libya, South Africa, Sudan, Tanzania, and Tunisia (Gadallah, and Brothers, 2020). Philanthus variegatus Spinola, 1839 Distribution: Türkiye, Iraq, Armenia, Russia, Azerbaijan, Syria, KSA, Kuwait, UAE, Oman, Iran, Afghanistan, Pakistan, Kazakhstan, and China (Antropov, 2017). (C) Subfamily, Astatinae Tribe, Astatini Genus, Astata Latreille, 1797 Astata boops (Schrank, 1781) Distribution: Iraq (de Beaumont, 1961). Kuwait, Oman, and KSA (Gadallah et al., 2013). (D) Subfamily, Bembicinae Tribe, Bembicini Genus, Ammatomus A. Costa, 1859 Ammatomus mesostenus (Handlirsch, 1888) Distribution: Iraq (Roche, 2007). Iran, Afghanistan, Kazakhstan, Oman, Russia, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, UAE, Uzbekistan, Algeria, Egypt, Libya, Morocco, and Sudan (Jahantigh et al., 2017). Genus, Bembecinus A.Costa, 1859 Bembecinus asiaticus Gussakovskij, 1935 Distribution: Türkiye, Iraq, Afghanistan, Iran, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Pakistan, KSA, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, and Uzbekistan (Gadallah et al., 2013). Bembecinus iranicus Schmid-Egger, 2004 Distribution: Iraq (Rezaei and Fallahzadeh, 2015). 640 Bull. Iraq nat. Hist. Mus. 18 (3): 633-649. Crabronid wasps Bembecinus schwarzi de Beaumont, 1967 Distribution: Iraq (Schmid-Egger, 2009). Türkiye and Iran (Jahantigh et al., 2017). Genus, Bembix Fabricius, 1775 Bembix bicolor Radoszkowski, 1877 Distribution: Iraq (Morice, 1921). Bulgaria, Greece, Italy, Russia, Türkiye, Afghanistan, China, Cyprus, Iran, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Mongolia, Oman, Russia, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, and Uzbekistan (Jahantigh et al., 2017). Bembix oculata Panzer, 1801 Distribution: Iraq (Khalaf and Al-Omar, 1974). Pakistan, KSA, and Mongolia (Gadallah and Brothers, 2020). Bembix transcaspica Radoszkowski, 1893 Distribution: Iraq (de Beaumont, 1961). Iran, Kazakhstan, Tajikistan, and Turkmenistan (Jahantigh et al., 2017). Genus, Nysson Latreille, 1802 Nysson rufus Handlirsch, 1895 Distribution: Iraq (Morice, 1921). Egypt (Bohart and Menke, 1976). Genus, Stizoides Guérin-Méneville, 1844 Stizoides melanopterus (Dahlbom, 1845) Distribution: Iraq (Nemkov, 2012). Greece, Türkiye, Oman, Cyprus, Kazakhstan, Palestine, Tajikistan, and Uzbekistan (Gadallah and Brothers, 2020). Genus, Stizus Latreille, 1802 Stizus bizonatus Spinola, 1839 Distribution: Iraq (Morice, 1921). Azerbaijan, Iran, Russia, Syria, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, Egypt, and Ethiopia (Gadallah, and Brothers, 2020). Stizus pubescens (Klug, 1835) Distribution: Iraq (de Beaumont, 1961). Greece, Italy, Malta, Portugal, Romania, Spain, Türkiy, Armenia, Cyprus, Iran, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, Egypt, and Libya (Jahantigh et al., 2017). Stizus vespiformis (Fabricius, 1775) Distribution: Iraq (El-Haidari et al., 1971). Spain, Bangladesh, India, Iran, and Sri Lanka (Jahantigh et al., 2017). Genus, Crossocerus Lepeletier de Saint Fargeau & Brullé, 1835 Note: This genus was recorded in Iraq as Crossocerus sp. by Khalaf and Al-Omar (1974). 641 BULLETIN OF THE IRAQ NATURAL HISTORY MUSEUM Hamodee, Sh. A. (E) Subfamily, Crabroninae Tribe, Larrini Genus, Gastrosericus Spinola, 1839 Gastrosericus waltlii Spinola, 1839 Distribution: Iraq (Antropov et al., 2017). Greece, Russia, Türkiye, Armenia, China, Cyprus, India, Iran, Jordan, Kazakhstan, Mongolia, Pakistan, Russia, Sri Lanka, Syria, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Algeria, Angola, Chad, Egypt, Eritrea, Ghana, Senegal, Sudan, Tunisia, and Zimbabwe (Gadallah and Brothers, 2020). Genus, Larra Fabricius, 1793 Larra anathema (Rossi, 1790) Material: 1♀ Al-Anbar Prov., Al-Fallujah, Halabsa, 33°20'12.5"N 43°43'08.5"E, 24.v.2023. Distribution: Iraq (Khalaf, 1961). Austria, Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech Republic, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Italy, Portugal, Switzerland, Türkiye, Ukraine, Romania, Slovenia, Spain, Azerbaijan, Bahrain, China, Iran, Macedonia, Kazakhstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Russia, Egypt, Algeria, Morocco, South Africa, and Tunisia (Kaplan and Yildirim, 2021). Larra transcaspica F.Morawitz, 1894 Distribution: Iraq (Antropov et al., 2017). KSA, UAE, Iran, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan and Turkmenistan (Gadallah and Brothers, 2020). Genus, Liris Fabricius, 1804 Liris atratus (Spinola, 1805) Distribution: Iraq (Roche, 2007). Iran and KSA (Gadallah and Brothers, 2020). Liris haemorrhoidalis (Fabricius, 1804) Materials (12♂♂, 15♀♀): 3♂♂, 2♀♀ Al-Anbar Prov., Al-Fallujah, Halabsa, 33°20'12.5"N 43°43'08.5"E, 24. v.2023. 2♂♂ ,1♀: Wasit Prov., Al-Suwaira City, 32°52'20.9"N 44°57'16.2"E, 21. x.2023. 3♂♂, 3♀♀ Diyala Prov., Kan'an Forests, 33°38'22.1"N 44°51'59.2"E, 8.iii.2024. 4♂♂, 7♀♀, Baghdad Prov., Bab Al-Moatham 33°21'16.7"N 44°23'34.7"E, 3. x.2023. 2 ♀♀ undiagnosed specimens that obtain from collection of INHRCM. Distribution: Iraq (Morice, 1921). Italy, and Spain, Afghanistan, Canary Island, India, Iran, Kazakhstan, Oman, Palestine, Qatar, KSA, UAE, Yemen, Cameroon, Canary Island, Egypt, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Guinea, Kenya, Libya, Morocco, South Africa, Sudan, Tanzania, Tunisia, and Democratic Republic of the Congo (Rezaei et al., 2020). Liris niger (Fabricius, 1775) Distribution: Iraq (Morice, 1921). Austria, Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech Republic, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Italy, Malta, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Türkiye, Ukraine, Afghanistan, Cyprus, China, India, Iran, Kazakhstan, Malaysia, Malta, Mongolia, Russia, Sri Lanka, Syria, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Canary Islands, and Sudan (Gadallah and Brothers, 2020). 642 Bull. Iraq nat. Hist. Mus. 18 (3): 633-649. Crabronid wasps Liris nigricans (Walker, 1871) Distribution: Iraq (de Beaumont, 1961). Greece, Spain, Türkiye, Afghanistan, China, India, Iran, Kazakhstan, Russia, Tajikistan, Uzbekistan, Algeria, Canary Islands, Cameroon, Chad, Central African Republic, Republic of the Congo, Ethiopia, Libya, Madagascar, Morocco, and Tunisia (Gadallah and Brothers, 2020). Liris subtessellatus (F.Smith, 1856) Materials (4♂♂, 3♀♀): 2♂♂, 1♀ Al-Anbar Prov., Al-Fallujah, Halabsa, 33°20'12.5"N 43°43'08.5"E, 24.v.2023. 2♂♂, 2♀♀: Baghdad Prov., Bab Al-Moatham 33°21'16.7"N 44°23'34.7"E, 3. x.2023. Distribution: Iraq (de Beaumont, 1961). Afghanistan, Bangladesh, China, India, Indonesia, Iran, Japan, Kazakhstan, Pakistan, Philippines, Sri Lanka, Taiwan, and Thailand (Li et al, 2007). Genus, Prosopigastra A.Costa, 1867 Prosopigastra insignis E.Saunders, 1910 Distribution: Iraq (de Beaumont, 1961). Egypt (Roche, 2007). Genus Tachysphex Kohl, 1883 Tachysphex buyssoniMorice, 1897 Distribution: Iraq (de Beaumont, 1961). UAE and Chad (Straka and Schmid-Egger, 2017). Tachysphex desertorum F.Morawitz, 1894 Distribution: Iraq (de Beaumont, 1961). Egypt (Roche, 2007). Tachysphex graecus Kohl, 1883 Distribution: Iraq (Morice, 1921). Bulgaria, Greece, Türkiye, Yugoslavia, Azerbaijan, Lebanon, and Tunisia (Ben Khedher et al., 2020). Genus, Tachytes Panzer, 1806 Tachytes argyreus (F.Smith, 1856) Distribution: Iraq (Roche, 2007). Türkiye, Russia, KSA, UAE, Bahrain, Iran, Pakistan, Turkmenistan, Tajikistan, and India (Antropov, 2017). Tachytes freygessneri Kohl, 1881 Distribution: Iraq (Morice, 1921). Russia, Türkiye, Iran, Tajikistan, Uzbekistan, Kazakhstan, China, and Tunisia (Ben Khedher et al., 2019). Tachytes illabefactus Pulawski, 1962 Distribution: Iraq (Pulawski, 1962). Tachytes obsoletus (Rossi, 1792) Distribution: (Eu): Türkiye, Iraq, Tajikistan, Uzbekistan, Kazakhstan, and China (Antropov, 2017). 643 BULLETIN OF THE IRAQ NATURAL HISTORY MUSEUM Hamodee, Sh. A. Tachytes vestitus (F.Smith, 1873) Distribution: Iraq (Khalaf and Al-Omar, 1974). India and Pakistan (Pulawski, 1962). Tribe, Crabronini Genus, Ectemnius Dahlbom, 1845 Ectemnius confinis (Walker, 1871) Distribution: Iraq (Antropov, 2017). Austria, Bulgaria, Czech Republic, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Italy, Luxembourg, Malta, Montenegro, Poland, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Switzerland, Türkiye, Ukraine, Afghanistan, China, Cyprus, India, Iran, Jordan, Kazakhstan, Korea, Kyrgyzstan, Malta, Pakistan, Russia, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, Egypt, and Tunisia (Jahantigh et al., 2017). Ectemnius crassicornis (Spinola, 1808) Distribution: Iraq (Rezaei and Fallahzadeh, 2015). Albania, Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech Republic, France, Greece, Hungary, Italy, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Spain, Switzerland, Türkiye, Ukraine, Azerbaijan, Iran, Jordan, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Russia, Syria, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, and Uzbekistan (Jahantigh et al., 2017). Ectemnius continuus (Fabricius, 1804) Distribution: Iraq (de Beaumont, 1961). Albania, Austria, Belarus, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, UK, Greece, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Liechtenstein, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Türkiye, Turkmenistan, Ukraine, Cyprus, China, Iran, Japan, Jordan, Kazakhstan, Korea, Kyrgyzstan, Mongolia, Russia, Syria, Tajikistan, Uzbekistan, Canary Islands, Algeria, Egypt, Morocco, Tunisia, Canada, USA, Cuba, Guatemala, and Venezuela (Jahantigh et al., 2017). Ectemnius crassicornis (Spinola, 1808) Distribution: Iraq (Leclercq, 1993). Albania, Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech Republic, France, Greece, Hungary, Italy, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Spain, Switzerland, Türkiye, Ukraine, Azerbaijan, Iran, Jordan, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Russia, Syria, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, and Uzbekistan (Jahantigh et al., 2017). Genus, Lindenius Lepeletier de Saint Fargeau & Brullé, 1835 Note: This genus was recorded in Iraq as Lindenius sp. by Khalaf (1961). Genus, Lestica Billberg, 1820 Lestica clypeata (Schreber, 1759) Distribution: Iraq (Antropov, 2017). Albania, Austria, Belarus, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, UK, Greece, Hungary, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Montenegro, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Türkiye, Ukraine, Iran, Cyprus, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Lebanon, Palestine, Syria, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, and Russia (Jahantigh et al., 2017). Algeria, Egypt, Morocco, and Tunisia (Ben Khedher et al., 644 Bull. Iraq nat. Hist. Mus. 18 (3): 633-649. Crabronid wasps 2019). Tribe, Oxybelini Genus, Oxybelus Latreille, 1797 Oxybelus lamellatus Olivier, 1811 Materials (2♂♂): Al-Anbar Prov., Al-Fallujah, Halabsa, 33°20'12.5"N 43°43'08.5"E, 24. v.2023. Distribution: Iraq (Morice, 1921). Greece, Portugal, Spain, Afghanistan, China, Cyprus, India, Iran, Jordan, Kazakhstan, Kuwait, Oman, Pakistan, KSA, Syria, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, UAE, Uzbekistan, Algeria, Cameroon, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Libya, Mauritania, Morocco, Somalia, Sudan, and Tunisia (Jahantigh et al., 2017). Oxybelus mucronatus (Fabricius, 1793) Distribution: Iraq (Antropov, 2017). Austria, Belarus, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech Republic, Finland, France, Germany, UK, Greece, Hungary, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Türkiye, Ukraine, Afghanistan, China, Cyprus, Iran, Jordan, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Russia, Syria, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, and Uzbekistan, Morocco, and Tunisia (Jahantigh et al., 2017). Genus, Oxybelochardus Hamodee and Shafeeq, 2023 Oxybelochardus iraqensis Hamodee and Shafeeq, 2023 Materials (3♂): Baghdad Province, Al Moshahda, 33°36'10.7"N 44°14'13.6"E, 3.xi.2023. Distribution: Iraq (Hamodee and Shafeeq, 2023). Tribe, Palarini Genus Palarus Latreille, 1802 Palarus fulviventris Latreille, 1812 Distribution: Iraq (Antropov, 2017). Iran, Kazakhstan, Oman, KSA, Syria, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, UAE, Algeria, Egypt, and Libya (Jahantigh et al., 2017). Palarus laetus Klug, 1845 Distribution: Iraq (de Beaumont, 1961). India, Iran, Kuwait, Oman, KSA, UAE, Algeria, Djibouti, Egypt, Morocco, and Tunisia (Jahantigh et al., 2017). Tribe, Trypoxylini Genus, Trypoxylon Latreille, 1796 Note: This genus was recorded in Iraq as Trypoxylon sp. by Kaddou (1967). CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, the fauna of crabronid wasps in Iraq is highly diverse presenting intriguing and unresolved challenges regarding their identification and distribution across various environments. Nevertheless, we anticipate that this revised checklist will serve as a crucial foundation for addressing most of the problems related to this group of species in Iraq. 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(2025) 18 (3): 633-649. العراق من محدثة قائمة دبابيرالكابرونيد، عبداللطيفحمودي* شذى العراق. بغداد، بغداد، جامعة الطبيعي- التاريخ ومتحف بحوث مركز * 2025/6/20 النشر: ،2025/5/1 القبول: ،2025/4/23 2024/11/24،الراجعة: استالم: اخالصة ينتمي ا نوعع 67 إدرج حيث الدراسة. هذه الل العراقية الكابروند دبابير قائمة حدثت مع النواع توزيع ذكر تم كما عويلت. امس ضمن قبائل 10 على موزعة ا، ًع جن 29 إلى العليا. الصنوفات لعزل �تشييصي مفتاح تصميم