Bull 765 Bull. Iraq nat. Hist. Mus. (2025) 18 (3): 765-776. https://doi.org/10.26842/binhm.7.2025.18.3.0765 ORIGINAL ARTICLE NEW RECORD OF TWO EURYHALIOTREMA KRITSKY & BOEGER, 2002 SPECIES (MONOGENOIDEA, DACTYLOGYRIDAE) FROM LUTJANID FISHES FROM MARINE COAST OFF IRAQ Ali A. R. Al-Darwesh*, Atheer H. Ali** and Israa S. Abd Al-Ameer*** *Department of Pathology and Poultry Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Kufa, Al-Najaf Al-Ashraf, Iraq. **Department of Fisheries and Marine Resources, College of Agriculture, University of Basrah, Basrah, Iraq. ***Department of Physiology, Pharmacology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Kufa, Al-Najaf Al-Ashraf, Iraq. Corresponding author: alia.radeef@uokufa.edu.iq Received: 7 April 2025, Revised: 26 May 2025, Accepted: 4 June 2025, Published:20 June 2025 This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License ABSTRACT The snappers (Lutjanid fish) are an important food source for the Iraqi people. Three species of lutjanid fishes- the Blackspot snapper Lutjanus ehrenbergii (Peters, 1869), Dory snapper L. fulviflamma (Forsskål, 1775) and L. indicus Allen, White & Erdmann, 2013 were caught from Iraqi marine waters in the Arabian Gulf during 2024. The Blackspot snapper L. ehrenbergii and the Dory snapper L. fulviflamma were found to be infested with both Euryhaliotrema adelpha Kritsky & Justine in Kritsky, 2012 (reported here as a new host) and E. spirotubiforum (Zhang, 2001) Wu, Zhu, Xie & Li, 2006. L. indicus was infested only with E. spirotubiforum which is reported here for the first time from this host species and this geographical area (the Arabian Gulf). Illustrations of whole- mount specimens are given for E. adelpha for the first time. This investigation represents the first report of monogenoids from lutjanid fishes in Iraq. Keywords: Arabian Gulf, Ectoparasite, Fish, Gills, Iraq, Snappers. INTRODUCTION The Arabian Gulf environment is unique due to its harsh ecological conditions, such as extreme temperatures (ranging between 12 C and 36 C), shallow depth (average 35 meters), and salinity reaching 45 ppt. These conditions encourage the study of fish diversity in this region (Taghavimotlagh et al., 2024). Lutjanidae includes some of the most economically important demersal fishes in the Middle East; the Blackspot Snapper Lutjanus ehrenbergii (Peters, 1869), Dory snapper L. fulviflamma (Forsskål, 1775) and L. indicus Allen, White & Erdmann, 2013 are three Indo- Pacific species, which have significant economic and ecological relevance in the Red Sea, BULLETIN OF THE IRAQ NATURAL HISTORYMUSEUM Iraq Natural History Research Center & Museum, University of Baghdad https://jnhm.uobaghdad.edu.iq/index.php/BINHM/Home Copyright © Bulletin of the Iraq Natural History Museum Online ISSN: 2311-9799, Print ISSN: 1017-8678 https://doi.org/10.26842/binhm.7.2025.18.3.0765 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0658-564X https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2541-968X mailto:alia.radeef@uokufa.edu.iq https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ https://jnhm.uobaghdad.edu.iq/index.php/BINHM/Home 766 Bull. Iraq nat. Hist. Mus. 18 (3): 765-776. New record of two Euryhaliotrema Arabian Sea, and Arabian Gulf region (Kuiter and Tonozuka, 2001; Allen et al., 2013). However, knowledge of these species in the Arabian Gulf region remains limited. In Iraq, Lutjanidae is represented by five genera and 16 species (Ali et al., 2018; Al-Faisal and Mutlak, 2018). The blackspot Snapper is a general carnivore, feeding on benthic invertebrates (e.g. amphipods, isopods) and small fish (Randall, 1995, D’Agostino et al., 2020). The dory snapper feeds chiefly on fishes, crabs, shrimps, and other crustaceans (Froese and Pauly, 2025). Lutjanus indicus Allen, White & Erdmann 2013 is found in coral-reef habitats, usually occurring alone or in small groups of about 5-15 m depth. This species is often confused with L. russelli (Bleeker 1849) in the populations are distributed in the western Indian Ocean (Allen et al., 2013; Froese and Pauly, 2025), including the Arabian Gulf (Ali, 2016). Over nearly half a century of parasitological studies in Iraq (1969-2017), only 21 monogenean parasite species were recorded from marine fishes in Iraq (Mhaisen et al., 2018). Subsequently, 28 additional species, belonging to two families- Dactylogyridae (12 species) and Diplectanidae (16 species) were reported (Al-Darwesh et al., 2022a, b; Al-Darwesh, 2023; Al-Darwesh et al., 2025). Furthermore, two more species, including a new Platycephalotrema species (Dactylogyridae) and a new combination species (Diplectanidae) were described by Kritsky et al. (2024). Due to the absence of previous studies on monogenoid parasites of Lutjanidae in Iraq, this study was conducted by collecting fresh specimens of lutjanid fishes and properly fixing their parasites to get additional information on the biodiversity of monogenoids infecting lutjanid fishes in Iraq and parts of the Arabian Gulf. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 142 specimens of snappers, including 47 Blackspot snapper Lutjanus ehrenbergii (Peters, 1869), 21 Dory snapper L. fulviflamma (Forsskål, 1775) and 74 L. indicus Allen, White & Erdmann 2013 were obtained by fishermen utilizing trawl nets from the marine waters of Iraq within the coordinates 29°53ʼ-29°85ʼN and 48°13-48°40ʼE, during January, February, April and August-December 2024 for helminthological observation. Detailed procedures related to specimen transport, fixation (hot 5% formalin), clearing of sclerotized structures of some parasite specimens (Gray and Wess medium), or staining (Gomori's trichrome), mounting and of drawing helminths (camera Lucida) were clarified in detail (Kritsky et al., 2024). The term” minimum prevalence” is used by Kritsky et al. (2013). All measurements are reported in micrometres, with the mean values presented in parentheses. Host taxonomy was aligned with the classifications provided by Carpenter et al. (1997) and subsequently verified by Fricke et al. (2025). 767 BULLETIN OF THE IRAQ NATURAL HISTORY MUSEUM Al-Darwesh et al. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Family, Dactylogyridae Bychowsky, 1933 Genus, Euryhaliotrema Kritsky & Boeger, 2002 Euryhaliotrema adelpha Kritsky & Justine, 2012 Host: Blackspot snapper, Lutjanus ehrenbergii (Peters, 1869) and Dory snapper L. fulviflamma (Forsskål, 1775). Locality and date of collection: Arabian Gulf off southern Iraq (29°53ʼ-29°85ʼN, 48°13- 48°40ʼE), October and December 2024. Prevalence: 17% (8 infested from 47 examined) and 4.8 % (1 infested from 21 examined). Site of infestation: Gills. Voucher deposition: Iraq Natural History Research Center and Museum, INHM TRC 98, INHM TRC 101, INHM TRC 107, INHM TRC 108, INHM TRC 116. Specimens studied: 13 (8 stained and 5 in Gray and Wess). Description: Body fusiform in shape, 368 (290-420±59, n=9) in length (Fig.1A), with broadest width 68 (56-85±10, n=9) at the level of testis. Tegument smooth. Cephalic region characterized by a broad structure with moderately developed cephalic lobes. Two pairs of eyespots, with the posterior pair larger than the anterior pair and in closer proximity compared to those of the anterior pair. Pharynx subspherical 23 (18-25±3, n=5) in width. Peduncle broad, showing no significant taper toward posterior end; haptor subhexagonal and exhibiting bilateral lobes, 65 (54-75±7, n=8) in width. Both anchors exhibit a similar morphology; each anchor has a poorly recognized deep root, an elongate and slightly low superficial deep root, gently curved shaft, and a point that extends beyond the tip of the superficial root. The shaft and point of the anchor are continuous in structure, Ventral anchors (Fig. 1B) 34 (33-35±1, n=14) in length and dorsal anchors (Fig. 1C) 34 (33-35±1, n=16) in length. Ventral bar (Fig. 1D) is an undulant rod with protruding ends directed posterolaterally, 36 (30-38±3, n=10) in length. The dorsal bar delicate and V-shaped (Fig. 1E), 34 (32-35±1, n=10) in length. Hook (Fig. 1F) has a regular shank with a standing, intense thumb; 11 (10-12±1, n=26). MCO (Fig. 1G) has a cone-like basal morphology and a loosely coiled shaft with a single, finely formed counterclockwise ring, without accessory piece, 31 (28-36±3, n=9) in length. Testis elongated ovate 73 (50-88±14, n=7) in length and 35 (25-40±6, n=7) in width. Ovary subglobular to cylindrical 48 (30-57±10, n=6) in length and 33 (25-36±5, n=6) in width. Prostate reservoir consists of two parts: an oval-shaped part located to the right of MCO, and a spherical part situated posterior to the MCO. The seminal vesicle spherical and situated posterior to the MCO, to the right of the prostate reservoir. Vitellaria dense, extending from the posterior end of the pharynx, through the intercaecal area to just posterior of the cyclocoel. Egg not observed. Euryhaliotrema adelpha was originally described from the five-lined snapper Lutjanus quinquelineatus (Bloch, 1790), in New Caledonia by Kritsky (2012). This description did not include an illustration of the whole specimen. According to Kritsky (2019, 2023), E. adelpha belongs to a group of species that lack an accessory piece in the MCO. This group includes two Euryhaliotrema species from chaetodontid fishes: Euryhaliotrema cribbi (Plaisance & Kritsky, 2004) and E. monoporosum (Pan & Zhang, 2000); six species from lutjanid fishes: E. 768 Bull. Iraq nat. Hist. Mus. 18 (3): 765-776. New record of two Euryhaliotrema adelpha Kritsky & Justine, 2012, E. nanaoense (Li, Yan, Lan & Huang, 2005), E. paululum Kritsky & Justine, 2012, E. russellum Sun & Yang, 2015; E. spirotubiforum (Zhang, 2001) Wu, Zhu, Xie & Li, 2006, and Euryhaliotrema youngi Kritsky, 2012; one Euryhaliotrema species from a monodactylid: E. solenophallus Kritsky, 2019; and two Euryhaliotrema species from sparid fishes: Euryhaliotrema kurodai (Ogawa & Egusa, 1978) and E. spariense (Roubal, 1981). Within Euryhaliotrema species infested lutjanid fishes, Euryhaliotrema adelpha differs from E. nanaoense by being short having a single coil in the MCO shaft, in contrast to the long and straight shaft of MCO and by variation in the shape of the anchors between the two species. E. adelpha and E. paululum have similar bars, anchors and MCO, but the postmedial process on the dorsal bar is present only in E. paululum. Euryhaliotrema russellum differs from E. adelpha by possessing a straight MCO shaft, whereas E. adelpha has a coiled shaft. E. adelpha has less robust dorsal and ventral anchors than in E. spirotubiforum; the distal end of the shaft in E. spirotubiforum comprises a complete coil, which is absent in E. adelpha. Euryhaliotrema youngi differs from E. adelpha in that the MCO shaft comprises a wide coil with more than one ring. The present specimens of E. adelpha collected from L. ehrenbergii (Peters, 1869) in Iraq are identical to those from L. quinquelineatus (Bloch, 1790) in New Caledonia, but our specimens have larger soft tissues (Tab. 1). 769 BULLETIN OF THE IRAQ NATURAL HISTORY MUSEUM Al-Darwesh et al. Figure (1): Euryhaliotrema adelpha; (A) Entire-ventral view, (B) Ventral anchor, (C) dorsal anchor, (D) ventral bar, (E) Dorsal bar, (F) hook, (G) MCO. [Abbreviations: c: caecum, cg: cephalic glands, es: Eyespot, hf: hold fast, ho: head organ, mco: male copulatory organ, o: ovary, P: pharynx, pr: prostatic reservoirs, sv: seminal vesicle, t: testis]. 770 Bull. Iraq nat. Hist. Mus. 18 (3): 765-776. New record of two Euryhaliotrema Table (1): Comparison of the morphological characters of Euryhaliotrema adelpha recorded in the present study with the original description by Kritsky (2012). The character Present study L. ehrenbergii N=11 Present study L. fulviflamma N=2 Kritsky (2012) L. quinquelineatus Body length 384 (300-420±50, n=7) 290, n=1 167-245 Body width 71 (63-85±9, n=7) 56, n=1 39-61 Haptor width 68 (63-75±5, n=7) 54, n=1 38-58 Pharynx width 23 (20-25±2, n=5) 18, n=1 13-20 Ventral anchor length 34 (33-35±1, n=12) 34, n=2 34-39 Dorsal anchor length 34 (33-35±1, n=14) 34, n=2 31-35 Ventral bar length 36 (30-38±3, n=10) 30, n=1 38-45 Dorsal bar length 34 (32-35±1, n=10) 33, n=1 36-46 Hook length 11 (10-12±1, n=26) 11, n=1 11-14 MCO length 32 (30-36±3, n=7) 28-30, n=2 26-41 Testis length 78 (70-88±8, n=6) 50, n=1 27-42 Testis Width 37 (35-40±2, n=6) 25, n=1 11-24 Germarium length 52 (50-57±3, n=5) 30, n=1 21-29 Germarium width 35 (32-36±2, n=5) 25, n=1 12-20 Euryhaliotrema spirotubiforum (Zhang, 2001) Wu, Zhu, Xie & Li, 2006 Host: Blackspot snapper L. ehrenbergii (Peters, 1869), L. indicus Allen, White & Erdmann 2013 and Dory snapper L. fulviflamma (Forsskål, 1775). Locality and date of collection: Arabian Gulf off southern Iraq (29°53ʼ-29°85ʼN, 48°13- 48°40ʼE), L. indicus Allen, White & Erdmann 2013 in February 2024, L. ehrenbergii (Peters, 1869) in October and December 2024 and L. fulviflamma (Forsskål, 1775) in December 2024. Prevalence: 17% (5 infested from 47 examined), 2.7% (2 from 74 examined) and 14.3% (3 from 21 examined). Site of infestation: Gills. Voucher deposition: Iraq Natural History Research Center and Museum, INHM TRC 94, INHM TRC 95, INHM TRC 97, INHM TRC 98, INHM TRC 99, INHM TRC 106, INHM TRC 110, INHM TRC 111. Specimens studied: 14 (4 stained; 1 smash-stained, 9 in Gray and Wess). Description: Body fusiform 380 (270-440±87, n=4) in length, with a maximum width of 63 (60-65±3, n=4) typically at midlength of the trunk or at level of the testis. Tegument smooth. Cephalic end narrow, with cephalic lobes ranging from poorly to moderately develop. Two pairs of eyespots: the posterior pair, is larger and closer together than the anterior one, which is tiny. Pharynx subspherical 23 (20-25±3, n=4) in diameter. Peduncle wide, short, reducing toward haptor; haptor globular 64 (57-65±1, n=3) in width. Ventral anchor 34 (30-35±1, n=24) long (Fig. 2A) and dorsal anchors 32 (30-35±1, n=24) long (Fig. 2B), similar in shape; each featuring a moderately elongated superficial root, a knob-like deep root, a short shaft, and an extended point surpassing the tip of the superficial root. Ventral bar 35 (25-40±5, n=11) in length (Fig. 2C), rod-shaped and slightly arched; dorsal bar 35 (30-42±4, n=11) in length (Fig. 2D), U or V shaped, with ends directed laterally. Hook 11 (10-12±1, n=33) long (Fig. 2H), with a uniform shank and upright acute thumb. MCO consists of a fragile, curving tube originating from a swollen base 27 (20-35±4, n=9) in length, with the coil forming a counterclockwise loop, 8 (6-10±2, n=3) in MCO – ring diameter (Fig. 2F). No accessory 771 BULLETIN OF THE IRAQ NATURAL HISTORY MUSEUM Al-Darwesh et al. piece is present. Testis ovate, 71 (50-75±5, n=4) long and 31 (28-32±2, n=4) wide; seminal vesicle globular, posteriorolateral to the base of MCO; prostatic reservoir small, at the right base of the MCO. Germarium pyriform, 52 (40-54±2, n=4) long and 27 (25-32±2, n=4) wide; uterus not observed. Vaginal pore dextromarginal. Vitellaria dense, extending from the posterior end of the through, the intercaecal area to slightly posterior of the cyclocoel. Egg not observed. E. spirotubiforum was initially described as Haliotrema spirotubiforum by Zhang (2001) from Lutjanus russellii (Bleeker, 1849) based on the MCO and the absence of an accessory piece, off China; Wu et al. (2006) transferred the species to Euryhaliotrema, citing the lack of an accessory piece in the MCO of lutjanids with molecular analysis. Wu et al. (2007) situated this species beside Haliotrema kurodai [= Euryhaliotrema kurodai (Ogawa & Egusa, 1978)] and Haliotrema anguiformis [=Euryhaliotrema anguiforme (Zhang in Zhang, Yang & Liu, 2001)], in Aliatrema Plaisance & Kritsky, 2004, based on the absence of the accessory piece in the MCO. According to Kritsky (2012), the genus Aliatrema is proposed to be a synonym of Euryhaliotrema. Kritsky (2012) redescribed the species from nine species of Lutjanus species across the Indo-Pacific; then Kritsky (2019) added L. fulviflamma (Forsskål, 1775) and L. russellii (Bleeker, 1849) as new hosts from Australia. Euryhaliotrema spirotubiforum belongs to a group that contains ten Euryhaliotrema species which lack an accessory piece in the MCO. These species are described from Lutjanids (6 species), sparids (1species), chaetodontids (2 species), and Monodactylid (1 species). E. nanaoense, E. russellum, E. monoporosum and E. kurodai differ from H. spirotubiforum by possessing a straight or simple MCO shaft. (coiled shaft of MCO in H. spirotubiforum). The group containing H. spirotubiforum differs from E. youngi by the MCO ring diameter (small in the distal end of the shaft vs large and near the basal; H. spirotubiforum differs from E. paululum by the absence of a posteromedial process on the dorsal bar; H. spirotubiforum differs from E. solenophallus by the shape of the ventral and dorsal bars (the bars is dissimilar vs the bars is v-shaped and similar); E. spirotubiforum has more robust anchors than E. adelpha; the distal end of the MCOs shaft comprises a complete coil in E. spirotubiforum, which is absent in E. adelpha. H. spirotubiforum is similar to E. cribbi in most hard parts, except in MCO (Curved proximal part of the shaft and well-developed distal coil part of the shaft, while in E. cribbi, the proximal ring is large and the distal ring small. The occurrence of E. spirotubiforum on L. indicus Allen, White & Erdmann, 2013 in the Arabian Gulf represents a new geographical record for the helminth. The present E. spirotubiforum collected from L. ehrenbergii (Peters, 1869) and L. indicus in Iraq are identical with the species from L. quinquelineatus (Bloch, 1790) in New Caledonia, but our specimens have larger soft tissues (Tab. 2). 772 Bull. Iraq nat. Hist. Mus. 18 (3): 765-776. New record of two Euryhaliotrema Figure (2): Euryhaliotrema spirotubiforum; (A) Ventral anchor, (B) Dorsal anchor, (C) Ventral bar, (D) Dorsal bar, (E) Hook, (F) MCO. Table (2): Comparison of the morphological characters of Euryhaliotrema spirotubiforum recorded in the present study with the redescription by Kritsky (2012). The character L. ehrenbergii Present study N=6 L. indicus Present study N=2 L. fulviflamma Present study N=6 Kritsky (2012) L. vitta, L. fulviflamma, L. ehrenbergii, L. quinquelineatus Body length 380 (280-440±87, n=3) 270, n=1 - 263 (207–294; n = 10) Body width 63 (60-65±3, n=3) 63, n=1 - 67 (46–78; n = 11) Haptor width 64 (63-65±1, n=2) 57, n=1 - 61 (54–70; n = 12) Pharynx width 23 (20-25±3, n=3) 20, n=1 - 19 (16–22; n = 12) 773 BULLETIN OF THE IRAQ NATURAL HISTORY MUSEUM Al-Darwesh et al. Ventral anchor length 34 (32-35±1, n=10) 30 (30- 30±0, n=4) 32 (31-34±1, n=10) 31–40 Dorsal anchor length 33 (32-35±1, n=10) 30 (30- 30±0, n=4) 30 (30-32±1, n=10) 33-44 Ventral bar length 38 (33-40±3, n=4) 37 (35- 38±2, n=2) 32 (25-35±4, n=5) 36-45 Dorsal bar length 39 (34-42±3, n=4) 35(35-35±0, n=2) 32 (30-34±2, n=5) 33-44 Hook length 11 (11-12±1, n=13) 11(10-12±1, n=10) 12 (11-12±1, n=11) 12-15 MCO – ring diameter 8 (6-10±2, n=2) 5, n=2 7 (6-8±1, n=4) 10-16 Testis length 71 (65-75±5, n=3) 50, n=1 - 44 (33–54; n = 11) Testis Width 31(28-32±2, n=3) 30, n=1 - 25 (17–32; n = 11) Germarium length 52(50-54±2, n=3) 40, n=1 - 32 (22–43; n = 7) Germarium width 27(25-28±2, n=3) 32, n=1 - 18 (12–22; n = 8) CONCLUSIONS The current investigation addeds a new dactylogyrid monogenoids to the parasite fauna of Lutjanidae fishes in Iraq, Taking previous parasite records into consideration, Lutjanidae fishes harbours are now known to harbor six parasite species, which include two of each monogenoids, nematodes and crustaceans. CONFLICT OF INTEREST STATEMENT " The authors affirm that there is no conflict related to this work ". LITERATURE CITED Al-Darwesh, A. A. R. 2023. [Morphological study of some Monogenoidea parasitic on gills of some Iraqi marine fishes with a genetic study of the genus Platycephalotrema]. Ph. D. Thesis, College of Agriculture, University of Basrah, 224pp. (In Arabic). Al-Darwesh, A. A. R., Ali, A. H. and Saud, H. A. 2022a. First record of two diplectanid monogenoids from three sparid fishes in Iraqi marine waters. Bulletin of the Iraqi Natural History Museum, 17(2): 203-218. [CrossRef] Al-Darwesh, A. A. R., Ali, A. H. and Saud, H. A. 2022b. First record of Calydiscoides difficilis (Yamaguti, 1953) Young, 1969 (Monogenoidea, Polyonchoinea, Diplectaniade) on gills of three fish species off marine waters of Iraq. Basrah Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 35: 281-290. [CrossRef] Al-Darwesh, A. A. R., Ali, A. H. and Saud, H. A. 2025. 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In: Zhang, J.-Y., Yang, T. and Liu, L. (Eds). Monogeneans of Chinese Marine Fishes. Agriculture Press, Beijing, China, p. 79-178. https://doi.org/10.1051/parasite/2023053 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11686-024-00849-4 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00436-013-3594-x https://www.vliz.be/en/imis?module=ref&refid=301431&printversion=1&dropIMIStitle=1 https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5424.4.3 https://doi.org/10.1017/S003118200500956X https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2007.03.025 776 Bull. Iraq nat. Hist. Mus. 18 (3): 765-776. New record of two Euryhaliotrema Bull. Iraq nat. Hist. Mus. (2025) 18 (3): 765-776. للجنس ملنشأ محادية ملديدمن من لنوعين جديد تسجيل Euryhaliotrema Kritsky & Boeger, 2002 دمكتيلوجايريديا( )مونوجينويديا: للعرمق ملبحري ملساحل ملنهاشمن مسماك من المير*** عبد سعدي اسراء و علي** حسين أثير رديف*، عدنان علي العراق. النجفالشرف، الكوفة، جامعة البيطري، الطب كلية المراضوامراضالدواجن، *فرع العراق. البصرة، البصرة، جامعة الزراعة، كلية البحرية، والثروة السماك **قسم النجف الكوفة، جامعة البيطري، الطب كلية الحياتية، والكيمياء والدوية الفسلجة ***فرع العراق. الشرف، 2025/6/20 ملنشر: ،2025/6/4 ملقبول: ،2025/5/29 2025/4/7،ملرمجعة: مسستلم: مخالصة من نوعين اصطياد تم العراقي. للفرد كغذاء مهمة Lutjanids fish النهاش أسماك تعد النهاش عام2024: الل العربي الخليج في العراقية البحرية الياه من النهاش اسماك L. indicus الهنــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــدي والنهاش Lutjanus ehrenbergii (Peters, 1869) البقعة أســــــــــــــــــــــــــــود والنهــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــاش البقعة أسود النهاش أسماك أن وجد .Allen, White & Erdmann, 2013 النشأ أحـــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــادية من بكل مصابة L. fulviflamma (Forsskål, 1775) و جديدا) مضيــــــــــــــــــــــفا (يعــــــــد Euryhaliotrema adelpha Kritsky & Justine, 2012 الهندي النهاش أصيب و E. spirotubiforum (Zhang, 2001) Wu, Zhu, Xie & Li, 2006 جديدة. انتشار كمنطقة العربي الخليج في تسجيله ويعد فقط. L. indicus وتعد E. adelpha للنوع الكاملة النماذج رسومات مرة لول الحالية الدراسة اضافت البقعة اسود النهاش اسماك على التطفلة النشأ أحادية الديدان على الولى الدراسة هذه العراق. في الهندي والنهاش والنهاشالصفر