Bull 699 BULLETIN OF THE IRAQ NATURAL HISTORY MUSEUM Augul and Al Saffar Bull. Iraq nat. Hist. Mus. (2023) 17(4): 699-724. https://doi.org/10.26842/binhm.7.2023.17.4.0699 ARTICLE REVIEW CHECKLIST OF DARKLING BEETLES (COLEOPTERA, TENEBRIONIDAE) IN IRAQ Razzaq Shalan Augul and Hanaa H. Al Saffar* Iraq Natural History Research Center and Museum, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq. *Corresponding author: dr.hanaa66@nhm.uobaghdad.edu.iq Recived Date: 29 April 2023, Accepted Date 24 August 2023, Published Date:20 December 2023 This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License ABSTRACT In the current review, an updated list of dark beetle species (Coleoptera, Tenebrionidae) recorded in Iraq was given. The current paper is based on previous studies in the literature and contains all dark beetles referred to in Iraq, except for the species within the Pimelinae subfamily. The investigation of this review showed the presence of 89 species belonging to 34 genera within five subfamilies. This work included mentioning the basionyms and synonyms for genera and species with their global distribution, as well as, correcting the scientific names that were mentioned in the previous checklists. Keywords: Basionym, Checklist, Diversity, Investigation, Tenebrionid beetles. INTRODUCTION In the last few years, many researchers have sought to conduct many studies that include the preparing of surveys and checklists of insect species belonging to different orders. These investigations have contributed to updating databases and treating synonyms in order to avoid mistakes in taxonomic issues and contribute to knowing the insect diversity in Iraq, for example: Shugran et al. (2018); Augul (2018, 2019); Augul and Al-Saffar (2019); Hassan et al. (2020); Al-Saffar and Augul (2015, 2021) and Al-Saffar et al.(2021). As regard dark beetles (Tenebrionidae), there are some previous studies (such as checklists for example) that indicate that their species are recorded in Iraq, which are relatively few in comparison to the wide diversity of this family (e.g. Gebien, 1910; Reitter, 1916; Holdhaus, 1919; Blair,1923; Khalaf, 1959; Derwesh, 1963,1965; Hussein, 1963; Kaddou,1967; El- Haidari et al.,1972; Swailem et al.,1974; Khalaf and Al-Omar, 1974; Abdul-Rassoul, 1976; Abdul-Rassoul et al.,1988; Al-Ali, 1977; Abul-Hab,1980; Carl, 1990 a and b, 1991, 1992); recently, there are several attempts to survey, and taxonomic studies including Ismail and Husain (2018), they recorded five species: Balps plana Solier, 1848; Balps hispnica Solier, BULLETIN OF THE IRAQ NATURAL HISTORY MUSEUM Iraq Natural History Research Center & Museum, University of Baghdad https://jnhm.uobaghdad.edu.iq/index.php/BINHM/Home Copyright © Bulletin of the Iraq Natural History Museum Online ISSN: 2311-9799-Print ISSN: 1017-8678 https://doi.org/10.26842/binhm.7.2023.17.4.0699 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9590-8307 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3139-487X mailto:dr.hanaa66@nhm.uobaghdad.edu.iq https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ https://jnhm.uobaghdad.edu.iq/index.php/BINHM/Home 700 BULLETIN OF THE IRAQ NATURAL HISTORY MUSEUM Checklist of darkling beetles 1848; Tenebrio opacus Duftschmid, 1812 and Scaurus striatus Fabricius,1792; as well Omar et al. (2018) added Opatroides punctulatus Brullé, 1832 as a new record. Despite these investigations that are referred to above, information about the diversity of these beetles is still incomplete. It needs a comprehensive revision of the scientific names and determining their legitimacy. Therefore, this paper suggested revising the scientific names and providing an updated checklist of Tenebrionidae (with the exception of the subfamily Pimelinae). MATERIALS AND METHODS The known darkling beetles recorded in Iraq were combined and listed. Information about the recorded species' general distribution was gathered from the selected relevant literature. Classification and nomenclature, basionym and valid names of the species are given based on the last taxonomic modification (Carl, 1990 a and b, 1992; Iwan et al., 2010, 2011; Elshewy et al., 2016; Bouchard et al., 2021; GBIF Secretariat, 2022; Lillig and Pavlíček, 2023). The subfamilies, genera, and species are listed and presented alphabetically in the present paper. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION In the present review, the data show that there were 89 tenebrionid species belonging to 34 genera under 19 tribes and five subfamilies, in addition, synonyms of species, distribution, and recent taxonomic status are included as follows: (A)Subfamily, Alleculinae Laporte, 1840 Tribe, Alleculini Laporte, 1840 Genus, Hymenalia Mulsant, 1851 Hymenalia reticulata Seidlitz, 1896 Distribution: Iraq and Iran (Seidlitz, 1896) Genus, Podonta Solier, 1835 Podonta biformis Reitter, 1889 Synonym: Podonta ruficollis Seidlitz, 1896 Distribution: Iran (Seidlitz 1896); Iraq, Syria (Novák and Ghahari, 2015); Armenia, and Turkey (Novák, 2016). Podonta carbonaria Kiesenwetter, 1873 Distribution: Iran (Seidlitz 1896); Iraq, and Syria (Novák and Ghahari, 2015). Tribe, Cteniopodini Solier, 1835 Genus, Cteniopus Solier, 1835 Synonyms: Cistela Fabricius, 1775 Cistella Gistl, 1848 Ctenioposomus Reitter, 1906 701 BULLETIN OF THE IRAQ NATURAL HISTORY MUSEUM Augul and Al Saffar Ctenoposomus Reitter, 1906 Rhinobarus Reitter, 1906 Sarandonyx Des Gozis, 1881 Telacis Poey, 1854 Cteniopus angustatus Pic, 1905 Distribution: Iraq (Pic, 1905); Iran (Borchmann, 1910). Cteniopus pallidus (Küster, 1850) Basionym: Cistela pallida Küster, 1850 Synonym: Cteniopus intrusus Seidlitz, 1896 Distribution: Iran (Seidlitz, 1896); Cyprus, Iraq, Syria, and Turkey (Novák and Ghahari, 2015); Saudi Arabia (Abdel-Dayem et al., 2017). Cteniopus persicus Ogloblin, 1950 Distribution: Iraq (Lӧbl et al., 2008 a). Afghanistan, Iran, Syria, and Turkey (Novák and Ghahari, 2015). Genus, Omophlus Dejean, 1834 Synonyms: Euomophlus Yablokov-Khnzoryan, 1983 Micromophlus Znojko, 1950 Odontomophlus Seidlitz, 1896 Omophlus Solier, 1835 Paromophlus Iablokoff-Khnzorian, 1983 Paurodontomophlus Muche, 1979 Phibalus Gistel, 1856 Pleuromophlus Reitter, 1906 Omophlus falsarius Kirsch, 1869 Synonym: Omophlus pilifer Seidlitz, 1896 Distribution: Iran (Seidlitz, 1896); Iraq (Lӧbl et al., 2008a); Armenia, Bulgaria, Iran, Romania, Syria, and Turkey (Novák and Ghahari, 2015). Omophlus flavipennis Küster, 1850 Synonyms: Cistela quadricollis Brullé, 1932 Omophlus atripes Küster, 1850 Omophlus dalmatinus Kirsch, 1869 Omophlus basicornis Reitter, 1890 Distribution: Iraq (Lӧbl et al., 2008a); Iran (Samin et al., 2014); Armenia, Azerbaijan, Bulgaria, Croatia, Georgia, Greece, Moldavia, Romania, Russia, Syria, Turkey, and Ukraine (Novák and Ghahari, 2015). 702 BULLETIN OF THE IRAQ NATURAL HISTORY MUSEUM Checklist of darkling beetles Omophlus kalalae Maran, 1935 Distribution: Iraq (Lӧbl et al., 2008a). The information available about this species is very limited. Omophlus kurda Znojko, 1950 Distribution: Iraq (Lӧbl et al., 2008a). The information available about this species is very limited. Omophlus nasreddini Reitter, 1890 Synonym: Omophlus conicicollis Reitter, 1906 Distribution: Iran (Seidlitz 1896); Iraq (Lӧbl et al., 2008a); Syria, and Turkey (Novák and Ghahari, 2015). Omophlus nigripes Küster, 1850 Distribution: Iran (Reitter 1906). Iraq (Lӧbl et al., 2008a); Greece, Iran, Syria, and Turkey (Novák and Ghahari, 2015). Omophlus nitidicollis Seidlitz, 1896 Synonym: Erodius nitidicollis Solier, 1849 Distribution: Iran (Seidlitz, 1896); Iraq, it was listed under the synonym name by Andres (1931); Armenia and Turkey (Novák and Ghahari, 2015). Omophlus pilosellus Kirsch, 1869 Distribution: Iraq (Lӧbl et al., 2008a); Turkey, Italy, and Greece (Yildirim and Kiliç, 2008). Omophlus sandneri Reitter, 1906 Distribution: Iran (Novák and Pettersson, 2008). Iraq (Lӧbl et al., 2008a); Syria, and Turkey (Novák and Ghahari, 2015). Omophlus scutellaris Mulsant, 1856 Distribution: Iraq (Shalaby et al., 1966); Egypt (Elshewy et al., 2016). (B) Subfamily: Blaptinae Leach, 1815 Tribe, Blaptini Leach, 1815 Genus, Blaps Fabricius, 1775 Synonyms: Acanthoblaps Reitter, 1889 Agroblaps Motschoulsky, 1860 Arenoblaps Medvedev, 1999 Blapidurus Fairmaire, 1891 Blapimorpha Motschoulsky, 1860 Blapisa Motschoulsky, 1860 Dineria Motschoulsky, 1860 Leptocolena Allard, 1881 Lithoblaps Motschoulsky, 1860 703 BULLETIN OF THE IRAQ NATURAL HISTORY MUSEUM Augul and Al Saffar Plaps Zschachi, 1778 Platyblaps Motschoulsky, 1860 Prosoblapsia Skopin & Kaszab, 1978 Rhizoblaps Motschoulsky, 1860 Uroblaps Motschoulsky, 1860 Blaps batesi Allard, 1880 Distribution: Iraq (Kaszab, 1982; Kareem et al., 2022); Kuwait (Amr, 2021). Note: There is not enough information about this species in the available literature. Blaps convexa Reiche, 1857 Distribution: Iraq (Holdhaus, 1919). Note: There is not enough information about this species in the available literature. Blaps fascinosa Seidlitz, 1893 Distribution: Iraq (Gebien, 1910). Note: There is not enough information about this species in the available literature. Blaps gigas (Linnaeus, 1767) Basionym: Tenebrio gigas Linnaeus, 1763 Distribution: Iraq (Holdhaus, 1919); cosmopolitan (Bunalski et al., 2014a). Blaps hispanica Solier, 1848 Distribution: Iraq (Ismail and Husain, 2018); Portugal, and Spine (GBIF Secretariat, 2022). Blaps iraquensis Kaszab, 1959 Distribution: Iraq (Kaszab, 1959). Note: There is not enough information about this species in the available literature. Blaps judaeorum Miller, 1861 Distribution: Iraq (Löbl et al., 2008b). Blaps kaifensis Seidlitz, 1893 Distribution: Iraq (Löbl et al., 2008b); Mediterranean Basin (Soldati et al., 2017). Blaps kollarii Seidlitz, 1893 Distribution: Iraq (Löbl et al., 2008b); Mediterranean Basin (Soldati et al., 2017); KSA, and UAE (GBIF Secretariat, 2022). Blaps mortisaga (Linnaeus, 1758) Basionym: Tenebrio mortisaga Linnaeus, 1758 Distribution: Iraq (Holdhaus, 1919); wide-distributed in Europe, and USA (GBIF Secretariat, 2022). 704 BULLETIN OF THE IRAQ NATURAL HISTORY MUSEUM Checklist of darkling beetles Blaps plana Solier, 1848 Distribution: Iraq (Ismail and Husain, 2018); Tunisia (Soldati et al., 2017). Blaps polychresta (Forskl, 1775) Basionym: Tenebrio polychresta Forskl, 1775 Distribution: Iraq (Shalaby et al., 1967); Australia, Egypt, Jordon, and Portugal (GBIF Secretariat, 2022). Blaps spinosa Allard, 1880 Distribution: Iraq (Löbl et al., 2008b). Note: No more information about this species is in the available literature. Blaps taeniolata Menetries, 1832 Distribution: Iraq (Derwesh, 1965); Kuwait (Katbeh-Bader et al., 2022); (Cyprus (GBIF Secretariat, 2022). Genus, Dila Fischer von Waldheim, 1844 Synonym: Caenoblaps König, 1906 Dila kulzeri (Schuster, 1928) Basionym: Caenoblaps kulzeri Schuster, 1928 Distribution: It was recorded in Iraq by Schuster (1928) under the name Caenoblaps kulzeri Schuster, 1928; Turkey (Chigraya et al., 2019). Tribe, Dendarini Mulsant & Rey, 1854 Genus, Dendarus Dejean, 1821 Synonyms: Dendaroscelis Reitter, 1904 Dichromma Seidlitz, 1893 Pandarinus Mulsant & Rey, 1854 Pandarus Agassiz, 1846 Pandarus Dejean, 1834 Pandarus Mulsant, 1854 Paroderus Mulsant & Rey, 1854 Phylax Brullé, 1832 Rhizalemus Reitter, 1904 Rhizalus Mulsant & Rey, 1854 Dendarus simplex Seidlitz, 1893 Distribution: Iraq (Lӧbl et al., 2008b); Syria, and Turkey (GBIF Secretariat, 2022). Dendarus tenellus (Mulsant and Rey, 1854) Basionym: Pandarinus tenellus Mulsant & Rey, 1854 Distribution: Iraq (Gebien, 1910); Greece, and Turkey (GBIF Secretariat, 2022). Tribe, Opatrini Brullé, 1832 Genus, Clitobius Mulsant & Rey, 1859 705 BULLETIN OF THE IRAQ NATURAL HISTORY MUSEUM Augul and Al Saffar Synonyms: Apithesis Waterhouse, 1881 Apteroclitobius Koch, 1960 Halonomus Wollaston, 1861 Clitobius oblongiusculus (Fainrmaire, 1875) Basionym: Halonomus oblongiusculus Fairmaire, 1875 Distribution: Iraq (Holdhaus, 1919); Moreover, Löbl et al. (2008b) indicated the presence of subspecies C. oblongiusculus oblongiusculus Fainrmaire, 1875 in Iraq. Bahrain, Egypt, Jordon, Turkey, and Greece (GBIF Secretariat, 2022). Genus, Gonocephalum Solier, 1834 Synonyms: Dasus Motschoulsky, 1845 Hasticollinum Kaszab, 1939 Hopatrum Blackburn, 1907 Megadasus Reitter, 1904 Myladanesthes Skopin, 1961 Opatropis Reitter, 1904 Gonocephalum consobrinum Blair, 1923 Distribution: Iraq (Blair, 1923); Afghanistan, India, Iran, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Myanmar, Pakistan, Saudi Arabia, and Yemen (Hegde et al., 2018). Gonocephalum granulatum (Fabricius, 1791) Basionym: Opatrum granulata Fabricius, 1792 Synonym: Melyris granulatum Fabricius, 1791 Distribution: It was listed in Iraq under the name Gonocephalum pusillum Fabricius, 1871 by Holdhaus (1919). Afghanistan, Bulgaria, France, Greece, Italy, Portugal, Russia, Serbia, Spain, Turkey, and Ukraine (GBIF Secretariat, 2022). Gonocephalum mesopotamicum Blair, 1923 Distribution: Iraq (Blair, 1923). Gonocephalum zoltani Iwan, Ferrer and Raś, 2010 Synonym: Gonocephalum parallelum Kaszab, 1952 Distribution: Afghanistan, India, Iraq, and Pakistan (Iwan and Löbl, 2008); Sri Lanka (Iwan et al., 2010). Gonocephalum perplexum (Lucas, 1849) Basionym: Opatrum perplexum Lucas, 1849 Distribution: Iraq (Abdul-Rassoul et al., 1988). Greece, Morocco, Syria, and Tunisia (GBIF Secretariat, 2022). Gonocephalum pubiferum Reitter, 1904 Distribution: Iraq (Kaszab, 1982). UAE (Lillig and Bremer, 2002); Afghanistan, Armenia, Azerbaijan, China, Iran, Kazakhstan; Mongolia, Oman, Pakistan, Russia, KSA, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, and Uzbekistan (Iwan and Löbl, 2008). 706 BULLETIN OF THE IRAQ NATURAL HISTORY MUSEUM Checklist of darkling beetles Gonocephalum rusticum (Olivier, 1811) Basionym: Opatrum rusticum Olivier, 1811 Distribution: Iraq (Holdhaus, 1919); Mongolia, and China (Löbl and Smetana, 2008). Afghanistan, Algeria, Cyprus, Djibouti, France, Greece, Israel, Italy, Kazakhstan, Morocco, Mozambique, Netherlands, Portugal, Spain, Syria, Turkey, and Uzbekistan (GBIF Secretariat, 2022). Gonocephalum setulosum (Faldermann, 1837) Basionym: Opatrum setulosum Faldermann, 1837 Distribution: Iraq (Iwan et al., 2010); Afghanistan, Cyprus, Egypt, Greece, Italy, Spain, Turkmenistan, and Uzbekistan (GBIF Secretariat, 2022). Gonocephalum strigosum (Reiche, 1850) Basionym: Opatrum strigosum Reiche, 1850 Synonym: Hopatrum strigosum Reiche, 1850 Distribution: Iraq (Holdhaus, 1919); Eritrea, and Ethiopia (Iwan et al., 2010); Algeria, Israel, Egypt, and Tunisia (Iwan and Löbl, 2008). Genus, Opatroides Brulle, 1832 Synonym: Hopatroides Agassiz, 1846 Opatroides punctulatus Brulle, 1832 Distribution: Iraq (Holdhaus, 1919); Afghanistan, Algeria, Cyprus, Egypt, Greece, Israel, Italy, Malta, Morocco, Oman, Spain, Tunisia, Turkey, Turkmenistan, USA, and Uzbekistan (GBIF Secretariat, 2022). Opatroides vicinus (Fairmaire, 1896) Basionym: Penthicus vicinus Fairmaire, 1896 Synonym: Opatroides vicinus Kaszab 1960 Distribution: Lobl et al. (2008b) reported the subspecies Opatroides vicinus angulatus Baudi de Silve 1876 in Iraq. Afghanistan, Bahrain, Egypt, India, Iran, Kuwait, Nepal, Oman, Pakistan, KSA, and Yemen (Ferrer, 2005; Löbl and Smetana, 2008); Qatar (Soldati, 2009). Cyprus, and Turkey (GBIF Secretariat, 2022). Genus, Opatrum Fabricius, 1775 Synonyms: Colpopatrum Reitter, 1904 Colpophorinus Escalera, 1914 Colpophorus Mulsant & Rey, 1859 Hopatrum Agassiz, 1846 Opatum Thunberg, 1821 Thoracon Gistl, 1848 Opatrum obesum Olivier, 1811 Distribution: Iraq (Gebien, 1910); Greece, and Turkey (GBIF Secretariat, 2022). 707 BULLETIN OF THE IRAQ NATURAL HISTORY MUSEUM Augul and Al Saffar Genus, Penthicus Faldermann, 1836 Penthicus dilectans Faldermann, 1836 Distribution: Shalaby et al. (1967) reported this species for Iraq under the name Lobothorax dilectans Fldermann, 1836. Also, it distributes in Transcaucasia, European Russia, and Central Asia (Abdurakhmanov and Nabozhenko, 2011; Iwan et al., 2020); Turkey (Nabozhenko et al., 2022). Penthicus oblongopunctatus (Reitter, 1904) Distribution: Afghanistan, Iraq, Iran, Jordan, Pakistan, KSA, and Turkmenistan (Löbl and Smetana, 2008); Qatar (Soldati, 2009). Genus, Scleropatroides Löbl & Merkl, 2003 Scleropatroides hirtulus (Baudi de Selve, 1876) Distribution: Iraq (Lobl et al., 2008b); Turkey (Nabozhenko et al., 2022). Genus, Scleropatrum Reitter, 1890 Scleropatrum hirtulum (Baudi, 1875) Basionym: Opatrum hirtulum Baudi, 1875 Distribution: Iraq (Gebien, 1910). According to Lillig (2015), this species distributes from Egypt or Sinai to Iraq or Iran. Genus, Sclerum Dejean, 1834 Synonyms: Anticlia Gistel, 1848 Chlamydion Gistel, 1848 Scleron Hope, 1841 Sclerum Blanchard, 1845 Sclerum carinatum Baudi, 1875 Distribution: Iraq (Lobl et al., 2008b). Palearctic Region as Scleron carinatum (Reichardt 1936); Turkmen, and Russia, it was recorded as Scleron carinatum by Kryzhanovskij (1961); Iran (Grimm, 2015); Saudi Arabia (Abdel-Dayem et al., 2017). Sclerum evansi (Blair, 1923) Distribution: Iraq (Lobl et al., 2008b); it was reported in the Palearctic Region under the name Scleron evansi by Reichardt (1936); United Arab Emirate, and Oman (Grimm, 2013). Sclerum fossulatum Mulsant & Wachenru, 1852 Distribution: In Iraq, it was recorded as Scleron fossulatum Mulsant, 1852 by Holdhaus (1919); it was reported by Reichardt (1936) as Scleron fossulatum in the Palearctic Region. Sclerum sulcatum Baudi, 1876 Distribution: It was recorded in Iraq as Scleron sulcatum Baudi, 1876 by Shalaby et al. (1967), Egypt (Elshewy et al., 2016); KSA (Abdel-Dayem et al., 2017). In Kuwait, it was listed by Amr (2021) as a Scleron sulcatum. 708 BULLETIN OF THE IRAQ NATURAL HISTORY MUSEUM Checklist of darkling beetles Tribe, Pedinini Eschscholtz, 1829 Genus, Cabirutus Strand, 1929 Synonyms: Asiobirus Medvedev, 1968 Cabinus Mulsant & Rey, 1853 Cabirus Mulsant & Rey, 1853 Cabirutus sp. Note: Note: In Iraq, Shalaby et al. (1967) listed it without specifying the species. Genus, Leichenum Dejean, 1834 Leichenum canaliculatum (Fabricius, 1798) Basionym: Opatrum canaliculatum Fabricius, 1798 Distribution: In Iraq, it was registered under the name Leichenum gebieni Reitter, 1906 by Derwesh (1965). Later, the subspecies L. canaliculatum canaliculatum (Fabricius, 1798) was reported by reported under the name Leichenum foveistrium Marseul, 1876 by Gebien (1910), as well Kaszab (1982) was reported Leichenum pulchellum pumilum Baudi, 1876; this subspecies was listed in Iraq by Gebien (1910) under the name Leichenum incisum Reitter, 1899. Generally, Leichenum canaliculatum was recorded for many countries, including Angola, Australia, Botswana, India, Kenya, Martinique, Mauritius, Mozambique, Réunion, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Sri Lanka, South Africa, Spain, Thailand, USA, and Zambia (GBIF Secretariat, 2022). Leichenum mucronatum Kuster, 1849 Distribution: Iraq (Gebien, 1910). North Africa (Penrith, 1988). (C) Subfamily, Diaperinae Latreille, 1802 Tribe, Diaperini Latreille, 1802 Genus, Alphitophagus Stephens, 1832 Synonyms: Phyletes Redtenbacher, 1845 Phylethus Dejean, 1821 Phylethus Redtenbacher, 1849 Alphitophagus bifasciatus (Say, 1824) Basionym: Diaperis bifasciatus Say, 1824 Synonyms: Alphitophagus quadripustulatus Stephens, 1832 Alphitophagus unifasciatus Donisthorpe, 1925 Phylethus populi L. Redtenbacher, 1849 Distribution: Iraq (Derwesh, 1965); Turkey (Özgen, 2020). Tribe, Phaleriini Blanchard, 1845 Genus, Phtora Germar, 1836 Synonyms: Cataphronetis Dejean, 1834 Cataphronetis Lucas, 1846 Clypeophtora Soldati & Soldati, 2003 Pseudostene Wollaston, 1861 709 BULLETIN OF THE IRAQ NATURAL HISTORY MUSEUM Augul and Al Saffar Phtora millingeni (Reitter, 1899) Distribution: In Iraq, it was reported by Gebien (1910) under the name of Cataphronetis millingeni Reitter, 1899. (D) Subfamily, Lagriinae Latreille, 1825 Tribe, Belopini Reitter, 1917 Genus, Centorus Mulsant, 1854 Synonyms: Belopomerus Reitter, 1920 Calcar Latreille, 1829 Calcar Mulsant, 1854 Nanocalcar Skopin, 1974 Centorus csikii Reitter, 1920 Synonym: Belopus csikii Reitter, 1920 Distribution: Iraq (Reitter, 1920). Afghanistan, Iran, Jordan, Cyprus, Kazakhstan, KSA, Russia, Turkmenistan, and Yemen (Iwan and Lӧbl, 2020). Note: It's listed under the name Belopus csikii Reitter, 1920; as well as, the subspecies of B. csikii bagdadensis Reitter, 1920 was recorded in Iraq by the same author. Centorus filiformis Motschulsky, 1872 Synonym: Belopus filiformis Motschulsky, 1872 Distribution: In Iraq, listed under the name of Belopus filiformis Motschulsky, 1872 (Derwesh, 1965); China (Zhang and Ren, 2009); Russia (Nabozhenko and Chigray, 2014); Afghanistan, Azerbaijan, Armenia, Iran, Kazakhstan, and Turkmenistan (Iwan and Lӧbl, 2020). Centorus heydeni (Zoufal, 1893) Basionym: Belopus heydeni Zoufal, 1893 Distribution: Iraq (Derwesh, 1965); Egypt, KSA, Syria, Iran, and Turkey (Iwan and Lӧbl, 2020). Centorus pilosus Skopin, 1974 Distribution: Iraq (Skopin, 1974). Tribe, Cossyphini Latreille, 1802 Genus, Cossyphus Olivier, 1791 Synonyms: Acanthodactylus Desbrochers des Loges, 1894 Acantodactylus Desbrochers, 1894 Acontodactylus Desbrochers, 1894 Paracossyphus Viñolas & Cartagena, 2005 Cossyphus tauricus Stevens, 1829 Distribution: Iraq (Derwesh, 1965). Bulgaria, Greece, Italy, and Russia (GBIF Secretariat, 2022). 710 BULLETIN OF THE IRAQ NATURAL HISTORY MUSEUM Checklist of darkling beetles Tribe, Lagriini Latreille, 1825 Genus, Lagria Fabricius, 1775 Synonyms: Ammocera Borchmann, 1941 Apteronympha Seidlitz, 1898 Microlagria Seidlitz, 1898 Lagria hirta (Linnaeus, 1758) Basionym: Chrysomela hirta Linnaeus, 1758 Distribution: Iraq (Lӧbl et al., 2008a). Austria, Belarus, Belgium, Bulgaria, China, Czech, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Hong Kong, Ireland, Italy, Jersey, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Montenegro, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Russia, Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, UK, and Ukraine (GBIF Secretariat, 2022). (E) Subfamily, Stenochiinae W. Kirby, 1837 Tribe, Stenochiini W. Kirby, 1837 Genus, Strongylium Kirby, 1819 Synonyms: Afrostrongylium Robiche, 2019 Allostrongylium Kolbe, 1896 Anomoearthrum Maklin, 1867 Bionesus Kulzer, 1966 Coelolophus Maklin, 1867 Dolichoplerus Murray, 1862 Ebenolus Fairmaire, 1897 Eustrongylium Kolbe, 1894 Falsolophocnemis Pic, 1917 Gibbostrongylium Pic, 1917 Messalia Pascoe, 1883 Microstrongylium Pic, 1917 Notostrongylium Carter, 1915 Pedostrongylium Pic, 1916 Poecilesthostrongylium Pic, 1918 Pseudocaelophus Pic, 1922 Pseudostrongylium Carter, 1915 Reminisce Casey, 1924 Saerangodes Dejean, 1834 Saerangodes Sturm, 1843 Strongyliastrum Fairmaire, 1894 Styrax Westwood, 1875 Xanthopopeia Maklin, 1867 Xanthothopia Gemminger, 1870 Xanthothopia Lucas, 1920 Xanthothopia Maklin, 1864 Zuercheria Reitter, 1908 Strongylium mesopotamicum Gebien, 1911 Distribution: Iraq (Gebien, 1911). 711 BULLETIN OF THE IRAQ NATURAL HISTORY MUSEUM Augul and Al Saffar (F) Subfamily, Tenebrioninae Latreille, 1802 Tribe, Alphitobiini Reitter, 1917 Genus, Alphitobius Stephens, 1829 Synonyms: Heterophaga Dejean, 1834 Cryptops Solier, 1851 Proselytus Fåhraeus, 1870 Microphyes W. J. MacLeay, 1872 Latetribolium Lepesme, 1943 Alphitobius diaperinus (Panzer, 1797) Basionym: Tenebrio diaperinus Panzer, 1797 Synonym: Alphitobius piceus (Olivier, 1792) Distribution: Cosmopolitan (Löbl and Smetana, 2008; Grimm, 2015); Iran (Bunalski et al., 2014b). Alphitobius laevigatus (Fabricius, 1792) Basionym: Opatrum laevigatus Fabricius, 1781 Synonyms: Alphitobius piceus (Olivier, 1792) Alphitobius picipes (Panzer, 1794) Aphitobius piceus (Olivier, 1792) Distribution: Iraq (Kaszab, 1982); Cosmopolitan (Schawaller, 2010). Tribe, Dissonomini G.S. Medvedev, 1968 Genus, Dissonomus Jacquelin du Val, 1861 Dissonomus substriatus Reitter, 1898 Distribution: Iraq (Abdul-Rassoul et al., 1988); Turkey (Tezcan et al., 2004); Iran (Ghahari et al., 2009). Tribe, Helopini Latreille, 1802 Genus, Entomogonus Solier, 1848 Synonyms: Delonurops Reitter, 1922 Eutelogonus Reitter, 1922 Entomogonus duchoni Reitter, 1903 Distribution: Iraq (Lӧbl et al., 2008b). Turkey (Nabozhenko et al., 2018). Entomogonus saphyrinus Allard, 1876 Distribution: Turkey (Ferrer and Soldati, 1999). Iraq (Lӧbl et al., 2008a). Genus, Hedyphanes Fischer von Waldheim, 1820 Synonyms: Coelophanes Iablokoff-Khnzorian, 1964 Microhedyphanes Nabozhenko & Lillig, 2013 Hedyphanes cordicollis Seidllitz, 1896 Distribution: It was recorded for Iraq under Heydyphanes cordicollis Seidllitz, 1896 by Gebien (1910). 712 BULLETIN OF THE IRAQ NATURAL HISTORY MUSEUM Checklist of darkling beetles Hedyphanes mesopotamicums Nabozhenko, 2005 Distribution: Iraq (Lӧbl et al., 2008a). No more information is available about this species. Genus, Physohelops Schuster, 1937 Physohelops freyi Schuster, 1937 Distribution: Iraq (Schuster, 1937) Tribe, Melanimonini Seidlitz, 1894 Genus, Anemia Laporte de Castelnau, 1840 Anemia hauseri Reitter, 1894 Distribution: Iraq (Shalaby et al., 1967). Note: The information about this species is not enough in the available literature. Genus, Cheirodes Gené, 1839 Synonyms: Ammidanemia Reitter, 1904 Anaemia Horn, 1870 Anemia Reitter, 1904 Anemiadena Ardoin, 1971 Anemiadena Bouchard & Bousquet, 2021 Cheirodes Dejean, 1834 Chirodes Agassiz, 1846 Eremonomus Wollaston, 1861 Cheirodes brevicollis (Wollaston, 1864) Basionym: Pseudanemia brevicollis Wollaston, 1864 Synonym: Anemia brevicollis (Wollaston, 1864) Distribution: In Iraq listed under the name Anemia brevicollis (Wollaston, 1864) by Derwesh (1965). Spain, Egypt, Oman, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, Tunisia, UAE, Senegal, and Gambia (GBIF Secretariat, 2022). Cheirodes drurei (Pic, 1923) Basionym: Anemia drurei Pic, 1923 Distribution: Iraq (Löbl et al., 2008a). Cheirodes hauseri (Reitter, 1894) Basionym: Anemia hauseri Reitter, 1894 Distribution: Iraq (Shalaby et al., 1967). Cheirodes sardous Gené, 1839 Synonym: Anemia sardoa (Géné, 1839) Distribution: Shalaby et al. (1967) listed it for Iraq under the name Anemia sardous Gene, 1839. Furthermore, Löbl et al. (2008a) recorded the subspecies with the misspelling Cheirodes sardus sardous Gené, 1839 (correct name is Cheirodes sardous sardous Gené, 1839) for the insect fauna of Iraq. Algeria, Australia, Cabo Verde, Ethiopia, France, Gambia, 713 BULLETIN OF THE IRAQ NATURAL HISTORY MUSEUM Augul and Al Saffar Spain, Turkey, KSA, Oman, Senegal, Turkmenistan, Tunisia, and Uzbekistan (GBIF Secretariat, 2022). Tribe, Palorini Matthews, 2003 Genus, Palorus Mulsant, 1854 Synonyms: Caenocorse C. G. Thomson, 1859 Circomus Fauvel, 1904 Circomus Fleischer, 1900 Eba Pascoe, 1863 Platyotus Gerstaecker, 1871 Stenopalorus Blair, 1930 Palorus ratzeburgi (Wissmann, 1848) Basionym: Hypophloeus ratzeburgii Wissmann, 1848 Synonym: Caenocorse ratzeburgi (Wissmann) Distribution: Iraq (Hussain, 1963). Austria, Australia, China, France, Gambia, Germany, Guam, Italy, Japan, Mexico, Netherlands, Norway, Syria, Sweden, Turkey, UK, and the USA (GBIF Secretariat, 2022). Palorus subdepressus (Wollaston, 1864) Basionym: Hypophloeus subdepressus Wollaston, 1864 Synonyms: Caenocorse subdepressa (Wollaston) Circomus subdepressus (Wollaston, 1864) Distribution: Iraq (Kaszab, 1982). Australia, China, France, Gambia, Germany, Japan, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Morocco, Netherlands, Poland, Réunion, Russia, Spain, South Africa, Taipei, Turkey, UK, and the USA (GBIF Secretariat, 2022). Tribe, Scaurini Billberg, 1820 Genus, Scaurus Fabricius, 1775 Synonym: Scauris Rafinesque, 1815 Scaurus aegyptiacus Solier, 1838 Distribution: Iraq (Shalaby et al., 1967). Algeria, Egypt, Libya, Sudan, and Tunisia (Lillig, 1995); Italy (GBIF Secretariat, 2022). Scaurus puncticollis Solier, 1838 Distribution: Iraq (Holdhaus, 1919; Abdul-Rassoul, 1976), as well Gebien (1910), was reported the subspecies Scaurus puncticollis macricollis Allard, 1882 in Iraq. Furthermore, this species distributes in Cyprus, and Spain (GBIF Secretariat, 2022). Scaurus striatus Fabricius, 1792 Distribution: Iraq (Ismail and Husain, 2018). Malta (Lillig et al., 2012). Scaurus tristis Olivier, 1795 Distribution: Iraq (Derwesh, 1965). France, Italy, and Tunisia (GBIF Secretariat, 2022). 714 BULLETIN OF THE IRAQ NATURAL HISTORY MUSEUM Checklist of darkling beetles Tribe, Tenebrionini Latreille, 1802 Genus, Tenebrio Linnaeus, 1758 Synonyms: Afrotenebrio Gridelli, 1951 Menedrio Motschoulsky, 1872 Tenenrio Schönherr, 1806 Tenebrio obscurus Fabricius, 1792 Distribution: Iraq (Shalaby et al., 1967). Canada (Majka et al., 2008), Malta (Lillig et al., 2012), Iran (Bunalski, 2014), Egypt (Elshewy et al., 2016), North America (Bousquet et al., 2018), Kuwait (Amr, 2021). Tenebrio opacus Duftschmid, 1812 Distribution: Iraq (Ismail, and Husain, 2018); Sweden, France, Croatia, Switzerland, Poland, and Denmark (GBIF Secretariat, 2022). Tribe, Triboliini Gistel, 1848 Genus, Tribolium W. S. Macleay, 1825 Synonyms: Aphanotus Leconte, 1862 Eusemostene Gebien, 1940 Leanum Uyttenboogaart, 1934 Margus Dejean, 1834 Margus Redtenbacher, 1842 Stene Stephens, 1832 Tribolium Mulsant, 1854 Tribolium castaneum Herbst, 1797 Basionym: Collydium castaneum Herbst, 1797 Synonyms: Scleron ferrugineum (Fabricius), 1801 Tenebrio ferrugineum Fabricius, 1781 Tribolium navale (Fabricius, 1775) Distribution: Iraq (Hussain, 1963). Canada (Majka et al., 2008); Malta (Lillig et al., 2012); Egypt (Elshewy et al., 2016); North America (Bousquet et al., 2018); Kuwait (Katbeh-Bader et al., 2022). Tribolium confusum Jacquelin Du Val, 1868 Distribution: Iraq (Khalaf, 1959). Canada (Majka et al., 2008); Iran (Grimm, 2015), Egypt (Elshewy et al., 2016), North America (Bousquet et al., 2018), Kuwait (Katbeh-Bader et al., 2022). Genus, Latheticus C. O. Waterhouse, 1880 Latheticus oryzae C. O. Waterhouse, 1880 Distribution: Iraq (Löbl et al., 2008 c). Australia, Colombia, Egypt, Estonia, France, Gambia, Germany, Japan, KSA, Mexico, Mozambique, Netherlands, Poland, Réunion, Spain, Sweden, South Africa, UK, USA, and Yemen (GBIF Secretariat, 2022). 715 BULLETIN OF THE IRAQ NATURAL HISTORY MUSEUM Augul and Al Saffar CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, the darkling beetle fauna of Iraq represents a high diversity of species, which provides an interesting and incomplete diversity with questions about its identification and distribution in the different ecosystems. However, thanks to this updated checklist, we expect it to provide an important basis for resolving most of the issues related to the species belonging to this group in Iraq. As well, it serves researchers in various studies related to the taxonomy, environmental diversity, and others. Therefore, we recommend conducting further investigations about them in the different regions of Iraq to determine the extent of the diversity of this group. 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( في العراق(Coleoptera, Tenebrionidaeقائمة مرجعية للخنافس الداكنة رزاق شعالن عكل و هناء هاني الصفار جامعة بغداد، بغداد، العراق-بحوث و متحف التأريخ الطبيعي مركز 20/12/2023، تأريخ النشر: 24/8/2023القبول: ، تأريخ 29/4/2023تأريخ االستالم: الخالصة عائلة (املراجعة الحالية، تم تقديم قائمة محدثة بأنواع الخنافس الداكنة خالل Tenebrionidae رتبة ، (Coleoptera املسجلة في العراق. استند البحث الحالي إلى دراسات سابقة في األدبيات ويحتوي على جميع الخنافس الداكنة املشار اليها في العراق، .Pimelinaeباستثناء أنواع عويلة جنسا و خمسة عويالت؛ 34نوًعا يعود الى 89بينت خالصة املراجعة تواجد األسماء األساسية واملرادفات لألجناس واألنواع مع االشارة الى تضمن هذا العمل .توزيعها الجغرافي وتصحيح األسماء العلمية املذكورة في قوائم املراجعة السابقة