item: #1 of 26 id: cjers-2529 author: Terpan, Fabien title: Assessing the influence of France and Germany on EU foreign and security policy date: 2019-11-11 words: 8474 flesch: 53 summary: Secondly, 5 Canadian Journal of European and Russian Studies, 2019 external (non-EU) factors may also work in favour of unity (positive) or lack of unity (negative) regarding EU foreign policy. As specified in the 12 Canadian Journal of European and Russian Studies, 13 (1) 2019 methods section, when these four factors are negative, the cohesion of EU foreign policy is the least likely. keywords: 2013; cohesion; distance; european; foreign; france; germany; journal; member; policy; security; states cache: cjers-2529.pdf plain text: cjers-2529.txt item: #2 of 26 id: cjers-2530 author: Pazzini, Eugenio title: Grillo and the Vacuum: Understanding the Project of the Five Stars Movement date: 2020-05-29 words: 8818 flesch: 50 summary: In addition, utilizing novel digital technologies, the actor questions contemporary party systems and, by claiming to override the mediation of political parties in favour of a direct form of online participation, it brings back old concerns about democracy and the critical role of political parties (Ostrogorski, 1964; Berger, 2017). The stated goal is to achieve a direct democracy where people rule without intermediaries such as politicians and political parties, an objective that is accordingly achievable through means of information and communication technology. keywords: 5sm; communication; democracy; european; grillo; ideology; journal; media; movement; parties; party; people; politics; populism; web cache: cjers-2530.pdf plain text: cjers-2530.txt item: #3 of 26 id: cjers-2550 author: Fischer-Souan, Maricia title: Becoming European: Strangers Finding a Place in the European Union date: 2020-03-24 words: 14075 flesch: 47 summary: By approaching the idea of Europe from postcolonial migrants’ perspective in a roundabout away that considers Europe as one of several potential spatial referent points, I try to glimpse into the dynamic process of place affiliation in European migration contexts. This essay stops-short in developing an account of the degree to which non-European migrants understand themselves as ‘becoming Europeans’ as they settle in the different EU cities under study. keywords: belonging; context; european; experience; journal; madrid; mediterranean; migrants; migration; paris; participants; place; processes; social; space; studies; study; vol cache: cjers-2550.pdf plain text: cjers-2550.txt item: #4 of 26 id: cjers-2562 author: Pettai, Vello title: The Baltic States: Keeping the Faith in Turbulent Times date: 2020-06-02 words: 10666 flesch: 58 summary: This, in turn, has often brought them into alignment with the Netherlands and 66.8 33.2 64.0 67.0 32.5 73.0 91.0 8.9 63.0 0 20 40 60 80 100 P e rc e n ta g e Estonia Latvia Lithuania Data source: Baltic electoral data; own calculations When I was first asked to contribute to this retrospective on EU accession 15 years ago, my mind went back immediately to that sunny autumn day in Tallinn, and I knew that this article could not start with just a standard introduction. keywords: accession; baltic; countries; crisis; estonia; european; european union; figure; issn; journal; latvia; lithuania; minority; parties; party; percent; political; russian; states; studies; support; union; years cache: cjers-2562.pdf plain text: cjers-2562.txt item: #5 of 26 id: cjers-2563 author: Galgóczi, Béla title: Economic and Social Balance of 15 Years of Eastern Enlargement date: 2020-06-01 words: 7676 flesch: 49 summary: Still, when taking two decades of wage convergence into account (expressed in nominal EUR terms for each CEE country as a percent of the EU15 average), the overall catch-up of wages was substantial, as in 1998, wage levels at this measure ranged from 6.4 percent (Bulgaria) to 47.5 percent (Slovenia), whereas in 2019, the range was between 21.6 percent (Bulgaria) and 64.1 percent (Slovenia). This is an indication that wage levels in CEE are not only much behind Western European levels, but also behind what their own economic performance should have allowed. 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 2 0 1 9 2 0 1 8 2 0 1 7 2 0 1 6 2 0 1 5 2 0 1 4 2 0 1 3 2 0 1 2 2 0 1 1 2 0 1 0 2 0 0 9 2 0 0 8 2 0 0 7 2 0 0 6 2 0 0 5 2 0 0 4 2 0 0 3 2 0 0 2 2 0 0 1 2 0 0 0 1 9 9 9 1 9 9 8 SI EE HR SK CZ LV LT PL HU RO BG 28 Canadian Journal of European and Russian Studies, 13 (2) 2019: 20-38 ISSN 2562-8429 Figure 3: Wage and productivity levels in CEE in percent of EU15, at nominal EUR terms Source: Galgoczi (2017) based on AMECO data In spite of a decade of dynamic catching up, wages in CEE are still comparably low. keywords: cee; convergence; countries; crisis; european; hungary; integration; issn; journal; labour; levels; member; percent; productivity; states; studies; wage cache: cjers-2563.pdf plain text: cjers-2563.txt item: #6 of 26 id: cjers-2619 author: Epstein, Rachel A title: The Economic Successes and Sources of Discontent in East Central Europe date: 2020-06-01 words: 8791 flesch: 48 summary: 6 Examples of ECE domestic banks that required substantial government assistance or closure included Parex Bank in Latvia, a number of the state-owned banks in Slovenia and by 2014, FiBank in Bulgaria. It is by this former measure that ECE countries lag significantly behind many of their Western counterparts. keywords: bank; banking; central; countries; east; ece; european; fdi; foreign; international; investment; issn; journal; ownership; power; studies; west; world cache: cjers-2619.pdf plain text: cjers-2619.txt item: #7 of 26 id: cjers-2667 author: Tsurkan, Anna title: Elections in Canada and Russia in 2019: a comparative analysis of cross-national media coverage date: 2021-04-15 words: 11065 flesch: 37 summary: Russian media did not suggest that Canada was a threat to Russian elections, which contrasts with the dominant narrative of a Russian threat by Canadian media, yet nonetheless, articles about Canada in general, and the Canadian reaction to the Russian elections in particular, were negative in tone even while being sporadic in distribution. Russian authorities, capitalizing on the Western interference narrative in Russian media, made accusations against the Canadian media coverage of Russian elections. keywords: 2020; campaign; canada; canadian; country; coverage; election; european; foreign; government; interference; issn; journal; media; media coverage; news; outlets; research; russian; state; studies; trudeau cache: cjers-2667.pdf plain text: cjers-2667.txt item: #8 of 26 id: cjers-2671 author: Viakhireva, Natalia title: Russia-Canada Relations in the Period of Crisis, 2014-20 date: 2021-04-15 words: 11314 flesch: 38 summary: Canadian relations with the US and NATO partly affect its strategy toward Russia. 31 Canadian Journal of European and Russian Studies, 14(1) 2020: 30-54 ISSN 2562-8429 Introduction Political relations between Russia and Canada from 2014 to 2020 show that bilateral relations have been affected by the crisis in Russia-West relations and limited by a war of sanctions and accusatory rhetoric from both sides. keywords: affairs; arctic; business; canada; canadian; cooperation; council; countries; crisis; dialogue; diplomacy; european; foreign; international; issn; issues; journal; moscow; policy; relations; russia; sanctions; studies; ukraine; west cache: cjers-2671.pdf plain text: cjers-2671.txt item: #9 of 26 id: cjers-2690 author: Thomson, Viktoriya title: Europeans but outside of the EU - the EU Soft Power of Attractiveness in Ukraine Between the Orange Revolution and Euromaidan date: 2020-06-04 words: 10522 flesch: 54 summary: However, the EU’s conditionality rules were not clearly defined due to the remote prospects of EU membership for Ukraine (Dimitrova and Dragneva 2013) and Ukraine’s inability to meet the three criteria used in the assessments, such as 1) stability of institutions guaranteeing democracy, the rule of law, human rights, and respect for and protection of minorities; 2) market economy; and 3) administrative and institutional capacity to effectively implement EU acquis, and ability to take on the obligations of membership (Commission, Accession Criteria). The higher the potential for EU membership, the more likely that candidate countries will implement political and economic reforms that meet EU requirements. keywords: 2013; citizens; confidence; european; european union; europeanization; journal; membership; orange; power; russian; studies; ukraine; union; values cache: cjers-2690.pdf plain text: cjers-2690.txt item: #10 of 26 id: cjers-2694 author: Paikin, Zachary title: Western Hegemony and Russia’s Eurasian Turn: Probing the Liberal Order's Place in Contemporary International Society date: 2021-04-15 words: 11277 flesch: 43 summary: This article will explore the enduring normative and identity-related elements of Russia’s relationship with Europe against the backdrop of Moscow’s ‘pivot to the east’ and its recently launched ‘Greater Eurasia’ vision, with the aim of uncovering the extent to which the Western- led liberal international order can retain its global appeal. “The end of liberal international order?” keywords: 2019; 2020; european; global; international; liberal; moscow; order; policy; power; press; relations; russia; society; states; studies; university; war; west; world cache: cjers-2694.pdf plain text: cjers-2694.txt item: #11 of 26 id: cjers-2695 author: Teeple, Nancy Jane title: Offensive Weapons and the Future of Arms Control date: 2021-04-15 words: 10745 flesch: 33 summary: Analysts argue that an explicit No First Use policy is rare among nuclear weapon states (although China has maintained a No First Use pledge since 1964). In recent times, nuclear deterrence systems include the entangling of conventional capabilities – such as conventional warheads on missile platforms – that play a role in offensive deterrence-by-denial strategies targeting the rival state’s nuclear assets. keywords: arms; canadian; capabilities; control; defence; deterrence; european; journal; missile; nato; new; nuclear; russia; security; stability; state; studies; systems; treaty; weapons cache: cjers-2695.pdf plain text: cjers-2695.txt item: #12 of 26 id: cjers-2762 author: Benz, Arthur; Broschek, Jörg title: Transformative Energy Policy in Federal Systems: Canada and Germany Compared date: 2021-04-27 words: 11263 flesch: 40 summary: While the FDP in particular supported this partial change to federal energy policy, the nuclear energy extension plan was more contested within the CDU. They have regularly participated in planning and implementation of federal energy policy. keywords: canada; carbon; change; climate; energy; energy policy; european; federal; federalism; germany; governance; government; issn; journal; länder; policy; power; provinces; regime; studies; transformative; transition cache: cjers-2762.pdf plain text: cjers-2762.txt item: #13 of 26 id: cjers-2763 author: Lederer, Markus title: Climate Change Politics in Canada and the EU—from Carbon Democracy to a Green Deal? date: 2021-04-20 words: 9725 flesch: 57 summary: First, on a descriptive level, it addresses what has so far been achieved regarding climate policy in both polities. First, on a descriptive level, it addresses what has so far been achieved regarding climate policy. keywords: canada; carbon; change; climate; deal; democracy; doi; emissions; energy; european; fossil; government; green; issn; journal; new; percent; policies; policy; politics; studies cache: cjers-2763.pdf plain text: cjers-2763.txt item: #14 of 26 id: cjers-2764 author: Clarke, Harold D.; Pammett, Jon H. title: Environmental Issues in Recent British and Canadian Elections date: 2021-04-27 words: 9583 flesch: 54 summary: First, environmental concern in society at large was imperfectly translated into election issues. The overall effect of environmental issue voting did not favour any of the larger parties, and the impact was considerably lower than that for the economy (panel C), the healthcare system (panel B), and especially for Brexit (panel A), an issue vital to the Conservative victory in the election. keywords: british; canada; change; climate; conservative; economy; election; environment; european; green; issn; issues; journal; liberal; parties; party; studies; voting cache: cjers-2764.pdf plain text: cjers-2764.txt item: #15 of 26 id: cjers-2766 author: Schott, Stephan; Schreurs, Miranda Alice title: Climate and Energy Politics in Canada and Germany: Dealing with Fossil Fuel Legacies date: 2021-04-27 words: 12416 flesch: 48 summary: For Canada energy relations with the US have changed recently since the US has become an energy superpower in its own right and is now less dependent on Canada’s oil and gas sector. The Struggle to Develop and Implement a Pan-Canadian Framework on Clean Growth and Climate Change The election of a Liberal government under the leadership of Justin Trudeau in 2015 indicated a shift in the approach to energy policy, and a more climate-friendly direction compared to the previous approach of the Conservative government led by Stephan Harper. keywords: action; canada; carbon; change; climate; climate change; coal; electricity; emissions; energy; european; gas; germany; ghg; government; green; industry; issn; journal; new; oil; percent; policy; provinces; sector; studies; targets; transition cache: cjers-2766.pdf plain text: cjers-2766.txt item: #16 of 26 id: cjers-2770 author: Macdonald, Douglas ; Bidordinova, Asya; Khachatryan, Avet title: Central Governments in Multi-level Governance Systems Facing the Challenge of Jurisdictions with Rising Emissions date: 2021-04-27 words: 10429 flesch: 53 summary: The case study analysis allows a comparison of climate-policy success with failure: EU emissions in 2018 were 25 percent lower than they had been in 1990, while in Canada they were 21 percent higher. In addition, Member States already acting on the issue wanted to see EU policy impose similar costs upon their competitors in the EU (Hayden 2011; Macdonald 2014). keywords: alberta; canada; canadian; change; climate; emissions; energy; european; government; macdonald; policy; power; rej; share; states; studies; total cache: cjers-2770.pdf plain text: cjers-2770.txt item: #17 of 26 id: cjers-2815 author: Ghosh, Debanjali title: The European Union’s Response to Rising Xeno-Racism in Europe: An Assessment date: 2022-09-20 words: 10410 flesch: 37 summary: The German government has also sought to strengthen provisions for the protection and support of hate crime victims as a part of its project on combating racism to which it has committed €1B between 2021-2024 (European Commission 2021b, 7). Only 16 percent (2009, 13) of the respondents were aware of organizations that supported hate crime victims. keywords: commission; crimes; data; discrimination; european; european commission; france; germany; hate; islamophobia; journal; member; muslim; percent; rights; states; studies cache: cjers-2815.pdf plain text: cjers-2815.txt item: #18 of 26 id: cjers-3157 author: Swift, Megan title: Canada Russia Relations: Introduction date: 2021-04-09 words: 1677 flesch: 43 summary: 1 Canadian Journal of European and Russian Studies, 14(1) 2020: 1-5 ISSN 2562-8429 RUSSIA-CANADA RELATIONS SPECIAL ISSUE: INTRODUCTION Megan Swift1 University of Victoria Those looking for good news stories on Canada-Russia relations in recent years will have found instead headlines with keywords and phrases such as ‘disinformation’, ‘cyber threats’, ‘propaganda’, ‘Kremlin lashes out’, ‘dysfunctional’, ‘election meddling’, ‘major threat’, ‘damaged relations’, ‘failure of democratization’, and ‘anti-Russian sanctions’. Canada-Russia relations are indeed at a low ebb following the 2014 annexation of Crimea and crisis in Ukraine. keywords: canada; european; relations; russia; studies cache: cjers-3157.pdf plain text: cjers-3157.txt item: #19 of 26 id: cjers-3169 author: Benz, Arthur; DeBardeleben, Joan; Schott, Stephan ; Schreurs, Miranda title: Introduction: Carbon Politics in Canada and Europe date: 2021-04-27 words: 3815 flesch: 47 summary: The changing energy landscape resulting from climate change policies and the green energy transition is likely to have broad and long-lasting political consequences. Extreme weather events, including scorching summer temperatures, devastating forest fires and droughts, super hurricanes, and floods are expected to become increasingly common and severe as a result of climate change (National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Association 2021). keywords: canada; carbon; change; climate; emissions; energy; european; policies; policy cache: cjers-3169.pdf plain text: cjers-3169.txt item: #20 of 26 id: cjers-3284 author: Havel, Sean title: Strategic Power Europe: A Contradiction in Terms? date: 2022-12-23 words: 13545 flesch: 50 summary: Compared to the initiatives of the past, PESCO legally binds EU Member States to take part in at least one capability project such that countries are free to associate themselves with any projects they deem fit. The Compass represents a strategic turn and definitive guide for EU security and defence, a unified threat analysis that sought to operationalize the LOA (Fiott 2020). keywords: defence; development; eu security; european; european defence; france; germany; industry; interview; issn; journal; june; member; military; national; nato; official; online; pesco; poland; policy; projects; security; states; studies; union cache: cjers-3284.pdf plain text: cjers-3284.txt item: #21 of 26 id: cjers-3286 author: Yao, Alexandra title: The Impact of the 2020 Constitutional Changes on Authoritarian Constitutionalism in Russia: Judicial Pragmatism Between the Russian Constitutional Court (RCC) and the State date: 2022-09-20 words: 8042 flesch: 36 summary: “Russian Constitutional Court Affirms Russian Constitution’s Supremacy over ECtHR Decisions.” Russian Federation Constitution. keywords: amendments; article; changes; constitution; constitutionalism; court; european; federation; international; journal; law; rcc; russian; russian federation; state; studies; trials; yukos cache: cjers-3286.pdf plain text: cjers-3286.txt item: #22 of 26 id: cjers-3288 author: Rasmussen, Leah title: Curating Russia: The Shchukin Collection, Nationalism, and Border Crossing from Lenin to Putin date: 2022-09-20 words: 9465 flesch: 50 summary: Before this point, Russian artists and collectors had seen Russian art as separate from Europe; now, with Shchukin’s purchase and the “drive towards the West” of Sergei Diaghilev and the artists from the World of Art collective (1898-9), Russian art redefined itself within a wider European art pantheon. It highlights important themes in Russian art, culture, and transnational relations to understand how the art of one nation can become central to the national patrimony of another. keywords: art; artists; dance; european; french; matisse; museum; national; place; russian; shchukin; soviet; state; studies; western; works; world cache: cjers-3288.pdf plain text: cjers-3288.txt item: #23 of 26 id: cjers-3330 author: Tu, Dong; Zamecki, Lukasz title: European Right-Wing Populist Parties’ Approach toward China: Between Anti-Globalization and Appeal for Diversified International Partnerships date: 2022-12-23 words: 12004 flesch: 50 summary: “China Deserves a Nuremberg trial, Italy’s League Leader Says.” Mercator Institute for China Studies. keywords: anti; april; china; chinese; economic; european; fidesz; globalization; hungary; issn; italy; journal; national; parties; party; policy; political; populist; position; relations; right; rpps; studies; wing cache: cjers-3330.pdf plain text: cjers-3330.txt item: #24 of 26 id: cjers-3779 author: Demchuk, Artur; Kapitsyn, Vladimir; Karateev, Artem title: Restrictive COVID-19 policies in selected EU countries and Russia: an Institutional Approach date: 2023-02-21 words: 12055 flesch: 44 summary: Understanding the reasons for this discrepancy is essential to clarify the predictors of the effectiveness of COVID-19 measures. The authors’ hypothesis is that the stringency of COVID-19 measures and the severity of the pandemic are remarkably related to institutional characteristics. keywords: authors; characteristics; correlation; countries; country; covid-19; data; european; health; index; institutional; issn; january; journal; measures; model; pandemic; population; relationship; russia; severity; situation; stringency; studies; time; wave cache: cjers-3779.pdf plain text: cjers-3779.txt item: #25 of 26 id: cjers-3783 author: Omelicheva, Mariya title: A “Good” Samaritan? The Geopolitics of Russia’s Covid-19 Assistance date: 2023-02-21 words: 11666 flesch: 43 summary: Theorizing Humanitarian Aid by Authoritarian States As noted in the previous section, there is no consensus in aid scholarship on the decision-making logic that determines the choices of the recipients of humanitarian aid. The scholarship on humanitarian aid (the majority of which has been conducted on traditional donors such as the US) has found the ongoing importance of need as a driver for humanitarian aid decisions but also pointed out other motives, including countries’ self-interest for explaining their aid allocations (Boussalis and Caryn Peiffer 2011; Kevlihan, DeRouen, and Biglasier 2014). keywords: aid; assistance; countries; country; covid-19; covid-19 aid; decisions; democratic; development; disasters; donors; economic; european; humanitarian; international; issn; journal; moscow; new; policy; political; russia; states; studies; study cache: cjers-3783.pdf plain text: cjers-3783.txt item: #26 of 26 id: cjers-3955 author: Blackburn, Matthew; Hutcheson, Derek; Tsumarova, Elena; Petersson , Bo title: Covid-19 and the Russian Regional Response: Blame Diffusion and Attitudes to Pandemic Governance date: 2023-02-21 words: 12055 flesch: 48 summary: -0.188** -0.084** Trust Russian govt 0.430** Trust regional authorities 0.394** Influence on federal authorities -0.144** Influence on regional authorities -0.109** Interest in politics 0.003 0.067** Read federal newspapers 0.047* Read regional newspapers -0.041** Watches federal TV -0.138 Watches regional TV -0.077** Uses Internet 0.012 0.031 Source: own calculations deriving from Malmö University/Levada Center Survey 2021. In two separate questions, respondents were asked about how effective they thought the federal (the president and Russian government) and regional authorities (governor and government of the federal subject) had been in the fight against the COVID-19 pandemic on a four-point scale (very effective, somewhat effective, not very effective, extremely ineffective). keywords: 2022; authorities; covid-19; european; federal; government; issn; journal; levels; measures; pandemic; people; percent; petersburg; public; putin; regional; restrictions; russian; state; studies; trust cache: cjers-3955.pdf plain text: cjers-3955.txt