cjers: A Pathfinder

This is a computer-generated pathfinder created against the Distant Reader study called cjers.

Each Distant Reader study carrel is composed of many individual items. Each item is bibliographically described with author, title, date, summary, and keyword values. Below is a list of the items' most signficant keywords as well as lists of the items themselves. Purpusing the content of this pathfinder provides the student, researcher, or scholar with one way to get their heads around the scope of the carrel. The keywords include:

Studies; Canadian; Russia; Government; Central; Media

Depending on how this pathfinder was created, many of the bibliographic sections will include elaborations on the meaning(s) of the given keywords. These elaborations were generated by feeding the items' summaries to a large langauge model and asking the model to address the question, "What is X?", where "X" is the keyword. The result will be a few sentences of elaboration. Be forewarned. The elaborations are often plausible, but they should not be take as truth. Instead, they should be taken as points for consideration.

• Assessing the influence of France and Germany on EU foreign and security policy by Terpan, Fabien (2019) - But the end of the Cold War provides a unique opportunity to develop a robust European foreign and security policy: with the collapse of the USSR, EU member states are less dependent on the US. Secondly, 5 Canadian Journal of European and Russian Studies, 2019 external (non-EU) factors may also work in favour of unity (positive) or lack of unity (negative) regarding EU foreign policy. Keywords: cohesion; distance; european; factors; foreign; france; germany; journal; member; policy; security; states; studies
• Becoming European: Strangers Finding a Place in the European Union by Fischer-Souan, Maricia (2020) - The Mediterranean as ‘bridge’ to other spatial categories With respect to the cultural resonance of the Mediterranean for North African participants, it seems to act as a vehicle to maintain an attachment to their native culture while simultaneously facilitating the opening up of the self towards other identity spaces, such as the country of residence and Europe, among others (see Figure 2). This essay stops-short in developing an account of the degree to which non-European migrants understand themselves as ‘becoming Europeans’ as they settle in the different EU cities under study. Keywords: belonging; context; european; experience; identity; journal; madrid; mediterranean; migrants; migration; paris; participants; place; processes; space; studies; study; vol
• The Baltic States: Keeping the Faith in Turbulent Times by Pettai, Vello (2020) - 739 502 373 418 603 620 0 200 400 600 800 M e an d u ra tio n , d ay s Estonia Latvia Lithuania 1st string 2nd string 1st string 2nd string 1st string 2nd string 1st string = first cabinet formed after a parliamentary election 2nd string = all subsequent cabinets before a new election Data source: Döring and Manow (2019), author's own calculations 44 Canadian Journal of European and Russian Studies, 13 (2) 2019: 39-63 ISSN 2562-8429 Figure 4: Left-right orientation of cabinets and opposition in Estonia, 1992-2019 Figure 5: Left-right orientation of cabinets and opposition in Latvia, 1992-2018 Figure 6: Left-right orientation of cabinets and opposition in Lithuania, 1992-2018 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 La ar I Tar an d Vah i I Vah When I was first asked to contribute to this retrospective on EU accession 15 years ago, my mind went back immediately to that sunny autumn day in Tallinn, and I knew that this article could not start with just a standard introduction. Keywords: accession; baltic; canadian; countries; crisis; estonia; european; european union; figure; issn; journal; latvia; lithuania; minority; parties; party; percent; russian; states; studies; support; union; years
• Economic and Social Balance of 15 Years of Eastern Enlargement by Galgóczi, Béla (2020) - Still, when taking two decades of wage convergence into account (expressed in nominal EUR terms for each CEE country as a percent of the EU15 average), the overall catch-up of wages was substantial, as in 1998, wage levels at this measure ranged from 6.4 percent (Bulgaria) to 47.5 percent (Slovenia), whereas in 2019, the range was between 21.6 percent (Bulgaria) and 64.1 percent (Slovenia). Development of relative wage levels to EU15 From the 2004 ‘Big Bang’ EU enlargement up to the 2009 crisis, it has been taken for granted that wage convergence for poorer new member states to the high-income core of the EU is only a matter of time. Keywords: cee; convergence; countries; crisis; economic; european; integration; issn; journal; labour; levels; member; percent; productivity; states; studies; wage
• The Economic Successes and Sources of Discontent in East Central Europe by Epstein, Rachel A (2020) - It is by this former measure that ECE countries lag significantly behind many of their Western counterparts. Third, ECE countries are no longer the poorest as a group in the EU. Keywords: bank; canadian; central; countries; east; ece; economic; european; fdi; foreign; investment; issn; journal; ownership; power; studies; west; world
• Elections in Canada and Russia in 2019: a comparative analysis of cross-national media coverage by Tsurkan, Anna (2021) - Russian media did not suggest that Canada was a threat to Russian elections, which contrasts with the dominant narrative of a Russian threat by Canadian media, yet nonetheless, articles about Canada in general, and the Canadian reaction to the Russian elections in particular, were negative in tone even while being sporadic in distribution. Russian authorities, capitalizing on the Western interference narrative in Russian media, made accusations against the Canadian media coverage of Russian elections. Keywords: campaign; canada; canadian; country; coverage; election; european; foreign; government; interference; issn; journal; media; media coverage; national; news; outlets; research; russian; state; studies; trudeau
• Russia-Canada Relations in the Period of Crisis, 2014-20 by Viakhireva, Natalia (2021) - “Thirty Years of US Policy Toward Russia: Can the Vicious Circle Be Broken?” 31 Canadian Journal of European and Russian Studies, 14(1) 2020: 30-54 ISSN 2562-8429 Introduction Political relations between Russia and Canada from 2014 to 2020 show that bilateral relations have been affected by the crisis in Russia-West relations and limited by a war of sanctions and accusatory rhetoric from both sides. Keywords: affairs; arctic; canada; canadian; cooperation; council; countries; crisis; dialogue; diplomacy; european; foreign; international; issn; issues; journal; moscow; policy; relations; russia; sanctions; studies; ukraine; west
• Europeans but outside of the EU - the EU Soft Power of Attractiveness in Ukraine Between the Orange Revolution and Euromaidan by Thomson, Viktoriya (2020) - However, the EU’s conditionality rules were not clearly defined due to the remote prospects of EU membership for Ukraine (Dimitrova and Dragneva 2013) and Ukraine’s inability to meet the three criteria used in the assessments, such as 1) stability of institutions guaranteeing democracy, the rule of law, human rights, and respect for and protection of minorities; 2) market economy; and 3) administrative and institutional capacity to effectively implement EU acquis, and ability to take on the obligations of membership (Commission, Accession Criteria). The higher the potential for EU membership, the more likely that candidate countries will implement political and economic reforms that meet EU requirements. Keywords: citizens; confidence; european; europeanization; journal; membership; orange; power; russian; studies; ukraine; union; values; yanukovych
• Western Hegemony and Russia’s Eurasian Turn: Probing the Liberal Order's Place in Contemporary International Society by Paikin, Zachary (2021) - This article will explore the enduring normative and identity-related elements of Russia’s relationship with Europe against the backdrop of Moscow’s ‘pivot to the east’ and its recently launched ‘Greater Eurasia’ vision, with the aim of uncovering the extent to which the Western- led liberal international order can retain its global appeal. “The end of liberal international order?” International Affairs 94 (1): 7- 23. Keywords: cambridge; canadian; european; foreign; journal; liberal; moscow; order; policy; power; press; relations; russia; society; states; studies; university; war; west; world
• Offensive Weapons and the Future of Arms Control by Teeple, Nancy Jane (2021) - Analysts argue that an explicit No First Use policy is rare among nuclear weapon states (although China has maintained a No First Use pledge since 1964). In recent times, nuclear deterrence systems include the entangling of conventional capabilities – such as conventional warheads on missile platforms – that play a role in offensive deterrence-by-denial strategies targeting the rival state’s nuclear assets. Keywords: arms; canada; canadian; capabilities; control; defence; deterrence; european; journal; missile; nato; new; nuclear; russia; security; stability; state; studies; systems; treaty; weapons
• Transformative Energy Policy in Federal Systems: Canada and Germany Compared by Benz, Arthur; Broschek, Jörg (2021) - While the FDP in particular supported this partial change to federal energy policy, the nuclear energy extension plan was more contested within the CDU. They have regularly participated in planning and implementation of federal energy policy. Keywords: canada; canadian; carbon; change; climate; energy; energy policy; european; federal; federalism; germany; government; issn; journal; länder; new; policy; power; provinces; studies; transition
• Climate Change Politics in Canada and the EU—from Carbon Democracy to a Green Deal? by Lederer, Markus (2021) - First, on a descriptive level, it addresses what has so far been achieved regarding climate policy in both polities. First, on a descriptive level, it addresses what has so far been achieved regarding climate policy. Keywords: canada; canadian; carbon; change; climate; deal; democracy; doi; emissions; energy; european; fossil; green; journal; new; percent; policies; policy; politics; studies
• Environmental Issues in Recent British and Canadian Elections by Clarke, Harold D.; Pammett, Jon H. (2021) - First, environmental concern in society at large was imperfectly translated into election issues. The overall effect of environmental issue voting did not favour any of the larger parties, and the impact was considerably lower than that for the economy (panel C), the healthcare system (panel B), and especially for Brexit (panel A), an issue vital to the Conservative victory in the election. Keywords: british; canada; canadian; change; climate; economy; election; environment; european; green; issn; issues; journal; liberal; parties; party; studies; voting
• Implications of the Russian War on Ukraine for Climate Policy and the Geopolitics of Energy by Schreurs, Miranda Alice (2023) - Poland began to reduce its dependence on Russian energy in response to the Russian invasion of Crimea in 2014; its dependency on Russian gas dropped from around 76 percent in 2014 to 55 percent in 2021. The Baltic states, Poland, Ukraine as well as the United States warned against building the Nord Stream pipelines, which they claimed threatened European energy security by making Europe overly dependent on Russian gas. Keywords: canada; canadian; change; china; climate; emissions; energy; european; february; fossil; gas; germany; imports; issn; journal; july; new; oil; percent; policy; power; putin; russian; states; studies; ukraine; united; war
• Climate and Energy Politics in Canada and Germany: Dealing with Fossil Fuel Legacies by Schott, Stephan; Schreurs, Miranda Alice (2021) - For Canada energy relations with the US have changed recently since the US has become an energy superpower in its own right and is now less dependent on Canada’s oil and gas sector. The Struggle to Develop and Implement a Pan-Canadian Framework on Clean Growth and Climate Change The election of a Liberal government under the leadership of Justin Trudeau in 2015 indicated a shift in the approach to energy policy, and a more climate-friendly direction compared to the previous approach of the Conservative government led by Stephan Harper. Keywords: action; canada; canadian; carbon; change; climate; climate change; coal; electricity; emissions; energy; european; federal; gas; germany; ghg; government; green; issn; journal; new; oil; percent; policy; provinces; sector; studies; targets; transition
• Central Governments in Multi-level Governance Systems Facing the Challenge of Jurisdictions with Rising Emissions by Macdonald, Douglas ; Bidordinova, Asya; Khachatryan, Avet (2021) - In contrast with Spain, Poland, heavily reliant on coal, has perhaps been the Member State most critical and pro-active in weakening EU climate policies. Finally, EU REJ emissions increased by 13 percent during that time period, while Canadian REJ emissions increased by 51 percent. Keywords: alberta; canada; canadian; change; climate; emissions; energy; european; government; macdonald; policy; power; rej; share; states; studies; total
• The European Union’s Response to Rising Xeno-Racism in Europe: An Assessment by Ghosh, Debanjali (2022) - The German government has also sought to strengthen provisions for the protection and support of hate crime victims as a part of its project on combating racism to which it has committed €1B between 2021-2024 (European Commission 2021b, 7). Only 16 percent (2009, 13) of the respondents were aware of organizations that supported hate crime victims. Keywords: anti; commission; crimes; data; discrimination; european; european commission; france; germany; hate; islamophobia; journal; member; muslim; rights; states; studies
• Canada Russia Relations: Introduction by Swift, Megan (2021) - 1 Canadian Journal of European and Russian Studies, 14(1) 2020: 1-5 ISSN 2562-8429 RUSSIA-CANADA RELATIONS SPECIAL ISSUE: INTRODUCTION Megan Swift1 University of Victoria Those looking for good news stories on Canada-Russia relations in recent years will have found instead headlines with keywords and phrases such as ‘disinformation’, ‘cyber threats’, ‘propaganda’, ‘Kremlin lashes out’, ‘dysfunctional’, ‘election meddling’, ‘major threat’, ‘damaged relations’, ‘failure of democratization’, and ‘anti-Russian sanctions’. file:///C:/Users/Heather%20Pyman/AppData/Local/Microsoft/Windows/INetCache/Content.Outlook/4SDJZG2V/thecrri.ca) 2 Canadian Journal of European and Russian Studies, 14(1) 2020: 1-5 ISSN 2562-8429 together a network of researchers working in the field of Canada-Russia relations. Keywords: canada; european; relations; russia; studies
• Strategic Power Europe: A Contradiction in Terms? by Havel, Sean (2022) - The Compass represents a strategic turn and definitive guide for EU security and defence, a unified threat analysis that sought to operationalize the LOA (Fiott 2020). Compared to the initiatives of the past, PESCO legally binds EU Member States to take part in at least one capability project such that countries are free to associate themselves with any projects they deem fit. Keywords: canadian; defence; development; eu security; european; france; germany; industry; international; interview; issn; journal; june; member; military; national; nato; official; pesco; poland; policy; projects; security; states; studies; union
• The Impact of the 2020 Constitutional Changes on Authoritarian Constitutionalism in Russia: Judicial Pragmatism Between the Russian Constitutional Court (RCC) and the State by Yao, Alexandra (2022) - “Russian Constitutional Court Affirms Russian Constitution’s Supremacy over ECtHR Decisions.” The next month, Putin introduced a slew of constitutional amendments including the precedence of Russian constitutional law over international law, making selective compliance of international rulings constitutional. Keywords: amendments; article; changes; constitution; constitutionalism; court; european; federation; international; journal; law; rcc; russian; russian federation; state; studies; trials; yukos
• Curating Russia: The Shchukin Collection, Nationalism, and Border Crossing from Lenin to Putin by Rasmussen, Leah (2022) - Before this point, Russian artists and collectors had seen Russian art as separate from Europe; now, with Shchukin’s purchase and the “drive towards the West” of Sergei Diaghilev and the artists from the World of Art collective (1898-9), Russian art redefined itself within a wider European art pantheon. 51 Canadian Journal of European and Russian Studies, 15(1) 2022: 43-60 ISSN 2562-8429 The forced assimilation in the 1930s of Soviet Russian artists into Socialist Realism, a propagandistic style of art that stripped away individual advancements to the global field, had monumental repercussions for Soviet culture. Keywords: art; artists; dance; european; french; hermitage; matisse; museum; place; russian; shchukin; soviet; state; studies; western; works; world
• European Right-Wing Populist Parties’ Approach toward China: Between Anti-Globalization and Appeal for Diversified International Partnerships by Tu, Dong; Zamecki, Lukasz (2022) - However, after coming into office in June 2018, M5S led an unprecedentedly active policy toward China (Poggetti 2018), i.e., the government set up a special “China Task Force” under the Ministry of Economic Development and made explicit its intent to position Italy as a leading European partner in cooperation with China’s Belt and Road Initiative. Mercator Institute for China Studies. Keywords: april; canadian; china; chinese; economic; european; fidesz; globalization; government; hungary; issn; italy; journal; national; parties; party; policy; populist; position; relations; right; rpps; studies; wing
• Restrictive COVID-19 policies in selected EU countries and Russia: an Institutional Approach by Demchuk, Artur; Kapitsyn, Vladimir; Karateev, Artem (2023) - Understanding the reasons for this discrepancy is essential to clarify the predictors of the effectiveness of COVID-19 measures. The authors’ hypothesis is that the stringency of COVID-19 measures and the severity of the pandemic are remarkably related to institutional characteristics. Keywords: authors; canadian; characteristics; correlation; countries; country; covid-19; data; european; health; index; issn; january; journal; measures; model; pandemic; population; relationship; russia; severity; situation; stringency; studies; time; wave
• A “Good” Samaritan? The Geopolitics of Russia’s Covid-19 Assistance by Omelicheva, Mariya (2023) - The scholarship on humanitarian aid (the majority of which has been conducted on traditional donors such as the US) has found the ongoing importance of need as a driver for humanitarian aid decisions but also pointed out other motives, including countries’ self-interest for explaining their aid allocations (Boussalis and Caryn Peiffer 2011; Kevlihan, DeRouen, and Biglasier 2014). Moscow's use of humanitarian aid for geopolitical benefits has not been a critical disruptor in the humanitarian system by itself; however, jointly with other instruments of foreign policy, Russia's approaches to foreign assistance can be detrimental to the future of the international humanitarian system. Keywords: aid; assistance; canadian; countries; country; covid-19; covid-19 aid; decisions; development; disasters; donors; european; foreign; humanitarian; international; issn; journal; moscow; new; policy; russia; states; studies; study; world
• Covid-19 and the Russian Regional Response: Blame Diffusion and Attitudes to Pandemic Governance by Blackburn, Matthew; Hutcheson, Derek; Tsumarova, Elena; Petersson , Bo (2023) - Trust regional authorities 0.394** Influence on federal authorities -0.144** Influence on regional authorities -0.109** Interest in politics 0.003 0.067** Read federal newspapers 0.047* Research design and hypotheses To investigate attitudes on state management of COVID-19, the authors of this article examine three levels: (1) the nationwide attitudes toward how federal and (2) regional authorities handled the pandemic seen in an aggregate perspective across Russia; (3) a specific qualitative focus on two case studies: St. Petersburg and Petrozavodsk. Keywords: authorities; canadian; covid-19; european; federal; government; issn; journal; levels; measures; pandemic; people; percent; petersburg; public; putin; regional; restrictions; russian; state; studies; trust
• Not Supposed to be Born? : Narratives of Impossible Motherhood and Children Born of War Rape in Germany and Bosnia and Herzegovina by Schwartz, Agatha; Sethna, Christabelle; Carron, Danielle Lyn (2023) - Narratives of Unwanted Pregnancy, Impossible Motherhood, and Children Born of War Rape in Germany and Bosnia and Herzegovina1 Agatha Schwartz, University of Ottawa Christabelle Sethna, University of Ottawa Danielle Lyn Carron, Carleton University Abstract This article examines the intergenerational impact of sexual violence in conflict zones by drawing from two published literary narratives—the German wartime diary by Anonymous, A Woman in Berlin, and the novel based on women’s testimonies of war rape and unwanted pregnancies in Bosnia by Slavenka Drakulić, S.: A Novel About the Balkans—in addition to published testimonies and unpublished interview data by children born of war rape (CBOWR) in Germany and Bosnia and Herzegovina. The authors examine the far-reaching personal and social consequences of sexual violence against women in conflict zones, with an emphasis on unwanted pregnancy, abortion, and children born of war rape (CBOWR). Keywords: abortion; behlau; berlin; bosnia; canadian; cbowr; children; conflict; drakulić; european; german; interview; issn; journal; life; mother; narratives; new; novel; rape; russian; studies; trauma; university; violence; war; women
• Too Much Development or Not Enough Democracy? Exploring an Anomaly in the Democratization of Post-Communist Countries by Raun, Alo (2023) - In conclusion, yes, on average, post-communist developed dictatorships convert their economic growth into human development score remarkably well—better than other autocracies in the region. From Democratization to Development and Autocratic Resilience This section briefly reviews literature focusing on the role of institutions in fostering human development and aiming to explain autocratic resilience (in post-communist countries) in the 21st century. Keywords: approach; article; autocracies; conversion; countries; democracy; development; economic; european; growth; hdi; human; index; issn; journal; kazakhstan; russia; score; studies
• The Linguistic Factor in the Deterrence Conversation between Russia and the West: If and How Russians Understand the Meaning of “Deterrence?” by Vihmand-Veebel, Liia; Veebel, Viljar (2023) - For example, the most commonly used Russian deterrence equivalent, sderzhivaniye, plays an important role in Russia’s strategic thinking, where it is a much broader term than the Western concept of deterrence. In this aspect, after Russia’s 2022 aggression against Ukraine, the Russian political and military elite has shown full rejection of the idea that Russia would accept NATO deterrence in any format in the future (Medvedev 2022; Putin 2022; The Washington Post 2022). Keywords: concept; containment; deterrence; european; issn; journal; military; nato; russian; sderzhivaniye; soviet; strategy; studies; term; war
• Russia’s Strategy of Outsuffering and the War in Ukraine by Rostoks, Toms (2023) - “Russia’s Commando Units Gutted by Ukraine War, U.S. Leaks Show.” The article concludes that although insensitivity to costs can be an important advantage when states pursue confrontational foreign policy strategies, Russia’s attempts to outsuffer its adversaries in a war of attrition raise questions about the viability of this strategy. Keywords: 2022; canadian; costs; european; february; foreign; issn; january; journal; military; nato; objectives; outsuffering; policy; russia; states; strategy; studies; ukraine; war; west
• Introduction: The Ukraine War: A Paradigm Shift in EU-Russian Relations? by DeBardeleben, Joan (2023) - The other two articles explore two key elements of EU policy, specifically security policy and energy/climate policy, that were deeply impacted by the conflict. Canadian Journal of European and Russian Studies, 16 (2)2023: 1-13 ISSN 2562-8429 8 Two of the articles in this special issue address in depth some of the deeper transformative trajectories in EU policy that have emerged as the war has unfolded. Keywords: change; economic; european; journal; paradigm; policy; russia; security; shift; studies; ukraine; war
• No Great Russia without Greater Russia: The Kremlin’s Thinking behind the Invasion of Ukraine by Casier, Tom (2023) - What makes the position unique is that the geopolitical and identity arguments are inseparable: in the Kremlin’s worldview, Russia can only be a great power if it also exists as greater Russia. 18 Canadian Journal of European and Russian Studies, 16 (2)2023: 14-29 ISSN 2562-8429 combines the idea that Russia is entitled to being a great power and that it can only be so by being ‘greater Russia’ – a Russia that extends beyond the borders of the Russian Federation and minimally encompasses the Slavic core of the former Soviet Union. Keywords: borders; european; february; identity; journal; kremlin; policy; power; putin; russia; security; studies; ukraine; war
• NATO and the CSDP after the Ukraine War: The End of European Strategic Autonomy? by Ratti, Luca (2023) - In 2016, however, the result of the Brexit referendum and the election of Donald Trump raised the prospect of a transatlantic drift and triggered a plethora of new proposals to spur EU defence, rekindling hopes that the EU would be able to claim a larger role and take steps, such as the creation of military headquarters (Biscop 2016; Tocci 2017). Lastly, it sketches out potential future scenarios for the relationship between the two organizations, concluding that EU members need to take stock of the current situation to further advance integration in security and defence. Keywords: alliance; autonomy; capabilities; cooperation; csdp; defence; european; invasion; journal; members; nato; new; policy; russia; security; states; studies; ukraine; war
• The Kremlin’s Responses to Anti-War Voices in Russia: Setting the Tone in the First Year of War by Black, J.L. (2024) - 103 Canadian Journal of European and Russian Studies, 17 (1)2024: 103-123 ISSN 2562-8429 The Kremlin’s Responses to Anti-War Voices in Russia: Setting the Tone in the First Year of War J.L. Black, Carleton University1 105 Canadian Journal of European and Russian Studies, 17 (1)2024: 103-123 ISSN 2562-8429 subjects dealing with the structure and size of Russia’s armed forces, its weapons, finances, deployments, morale, mobilization, civil defence and more—60 taboos in all.4 Keywords: 2022a; april; canadian; country; day; european; february; information; issn; january; journal; march; military; mobilization; moscow; putin; russian; school; september; state; studies; svo; telegram; times; ukraine; war; year
• Biopolitics and the Construction of (Mis)Trust: Public Discourse Regarding Pandemic Governance in Saint Petersburg, Russia by Galkin, Konstantin; Parfenova , Oksana (2024) - Mass vaccination started in January 2021, and a year-long analysis allowed the authors to observe the establishment of pandemic discourses, including the important topic of vaccination. The authors present a continuum of different discourses, ranging from liberal and oriented to the understanding of biopolitics as a norm of effective management to disciplinary discourses and the perception of measures and restrictions as attempts at control. Keywords: agamben; authorities; authors; biopolitics; control; covid-19; discourse; distrust; european; foucault; journal; measures; media; pandemic; public; resistance; restrictions; russian; studies; users; vaccination
• Misreading Russia by Sarty, Leigh (2024) - 132 Canadian Journal of European and Russian Studies, 17 (1)2024: 124-138 ISSN 2562-8429 Misreading Russia Why does the West misread Russia? In retrospect, it has become clear that, under the uniquely dysfunctional conditions of early post-Soviet Russia, measures intended to advance the market and shared prosperity rewarded corrupt, monopolistic behaviour that created mighty oligarchs and spread staggering social inequality (Goldman 2003; Reddaway and Glinski 2001). Keywords: canadian; country; european; gorbachev; history; issn; journal; new; putin; russia; soviet; state; studies; war; west; world
• The Mtkvari River’s Many Faces: Symbolism, Space and Agency in Late Imperial Tiflis by Sahadeo, Jeff; Gosselin, Paul (2024) - Crowds gathered on its shore to fish, swim, drink, fight, or pray, mingling with the porters (metulukcheebi) who hauled river water in sacks citywide. Pooled river water, though easier to pour into buckets, might carry disease. Keywords: banks; bridge; canadian; caucasus; central; century; city; duma; european; gardens; georgian; issn; iveria; journal; kavkaz; life; metulukcheebi; mtkvari; new; residents; riqe; river; russian; streets; studies; summer; tbilisi; tiflis; tsarist; water
• A Respite from Geopolitical Tension? Russian Media Depictions of Cross-Border Cooperation with the EU 2014-2021 by DeBardeleben, Joan (2024) - [It is planned to attract more than 1 billion rubles to Pskov oblast’ under cross-border cooperation programs]. [Gorvodokanal’s chief technologist on clean water and cross-border cooperation programs]. Keywords: articles; border; canadian; cbc; cooperation; cross; european; issn; journal; kaliningrad; level; local; march; media; period; poland; programs; projects; russian; states; studies
• Brexit: A Critical Juncture for Canada's Transatlantic Relations? by Hurrelmann, Achim (2024) - However, in both respects, Canada- UK economic relations remained stable, while Canada-EU economic relations saw increases. (Interview #2, UK diplomat, June 2020) Canada, for its part, discovered that the UK was sometimes easier to work with than the EU. Keywords: brexit; canada; canadian; change; diplomat; european; foreign; government; journal; new; policy; relations; studies; trade
• From Media Capture to Platform Capture: Reflections on Three Decades of a Free Czech Media by Nesbitt, Todd (2024) - Simmering in the background of these events was an election promise the newly elected government coalition vowed to make good on—an amendment to the conflict-of-interest law, which aimed to limit ownership by politicians, a potential legislative coup which could possibly bring an end to the reign of Babiš over Czech media and politics and dramatically reduce the threat of future cases of political instrumentalism. The four, along with Zdeněk Bakala, owner of Economia, comprised a triad of domestic media proprietors, completely replacing foreign media owners. Keywords: babiš; canadian; capture; central; czech; environment; european; issn; journal; market; media; new; news; november; ownership; platform; press; republic; studies; štětka
• Explaining Change in Citizens’ Preferences About Intergovernmental Responsibilities During the COVID-19 Crisis: The Case of Spain by Colino, César; Cruz-Martínez, Gibrán; del Pino, Eloísa; Hernández-Moreno, Jorge (2024) - Does the evaluation of government policies and growing satisfaction or dissatisfaction affect citizens’ preferences, or is this evaluation wholly determined by partisan cues and motivated reasoning? 11 Canadian Journal of European and Russian Studies, 17(2) 2024: 1-44 ISSN 2562-8429 The two questions were displayed in two checkbox grids, and respondents could choose from the central government, the autonomous community (ACs) regional government, or shared responsibility between both levels. Keywords: canadian; change; citizens; covid-19; crisis; decentralization; european; government; healthcare; homes; issn; journal; left; level; lockdown; management; national; nursing; odds; pandemic; party; percent; policy; preferences; public; responsibility; right; shift; studies; wing
• Bo Petersson, The Putin Predicament: Problems of Legitimacy and Succession in Russia by du Boulay, Sofya (2023) - The book comprises eight chapters with a foreword by Carleton Associate Professor Paul Goode, progressing from an overview of the socio-economic context to the legitimation crisis of 2011-2012 in the chapter “Legitimizing Putin.” The list of 1 Book reviews are not peer-reviewed 79 Canadian Journal of European and Russian Studies, 16 (3)2023: 78-80 ISSN 2562-8429 Putin’s enemies increased over the years. Keywords: european; putin; russian; studies
• An Evaluation of the Proposed Serbia-Kosovo Land Swap Deal and its Potential Status under Applicable International Law by Mak, Ryan (2024) - Nonetheless, its lack of ratification does not necessarily mean Kosovo is not bound by customary international human rights law (IHRL). Although no concrete plan is known currently, it is widely believed the deal would involve transferring the land of the majority ethnic Albanian municipalities of Bujanovac and Preševo (hereafter referred to as the “Preševo Valley”) in Serbia to Kosovo; while, in return, the majority ethnic Serbian region of North Kosovo, including the municipalities of North Mitrovica, Leposavić, Zvečan, and Zubin Potok would be transferred from Kosovo to Serbia. Keywords: article; consent; deal; european; exchange; human; international; kosovo; land; law; population; rights; serbia; state; studies
• Gender in the EU-Canada Comprehensive Economic Trade Agreement: Third-Generation Trade Agreement as a Gateway to Policy Coordination? by Viju-Miljusevic, Crina; Weinar, Agnieszka (2024) - “Recognising the need to better understand the impact of trade on gender equality and women’s participation in the economy, the CETA Joint Committee recommends that the Parties start their cooperation activities by: a) Sharing methods and procedures for the collection of gender-disaggregated data, the use of indicators, monitoring and evaluation methodologies, and the analysis of gender-focused statistics related to trade; b) Exchanging experience and best practices for conducting gender-based analysis of trade policies; and c) Exploring the implication for the design and implementation of trade agreements, including CETA.”22 2. Canada and EU approaches to trade and gender in preferential trade agreements (PTAs) 2.1 Canada and EU approaches to gender and trade Canada sought to consider gender mainstreaming in its Free Trade Agreements (FTAs) by introducing gender equality chapters and other gender-related provisions into trade agreements early on during Prime Minister Justin Trudeau’s first mandate. Keywords: agreement; august; business; canada; canadian; ceta; data; equality; european; gender; international; issn; journal; policy; studies; trade; trade agreement; union; women
• China-Central Asia Regionalization and Its Impact on the Central Asian Region and Beyond by Karabayeva, Assylzat (2025) - 30 Canadian Journal of European and Russian Studies, 18(1) 2025: 30-53 ISSN 2562-8429 China-Central Asia Regionalization and Its Impact on the Central Asian Region and Beyond Assylzat Karabayeva, KIMEP University, Kazakhstan1 Abstract Since gaining independence, Central Asian countries have maintained stable and friendly relationships with China. Additionally, Central Asian countries first stated that they recognize China as “one” and that “Taiwan is an inseparable part of Chinese territory” (Tokayev 2001). Keywords: asia; belt; central; central asia; china; chinese; cooperation; countries; development; economic; european; foreign; initiative; issn; journal; kazakhstan; model; new; policy; regionalism; road; russian; states; studies; trade; uzbekistan
• New Regional Alignment in the Post-Soviet Space: The EU as an Active Player in the Eastern Partnership Countries (Case of Georgia) by Chedia, Beka (2025) - One member of the European Parliament, Nacho Sánchez Amor, commented on the European Council’s failure to grant Georgia EU candidate status in 2022, calling it a “geopolitical mistake” (Agenda.ge 2023). These different key concepts that the EU has applied over the years towards its EU Eastern neighbours have been based mainly on two main theories: the EU’s soft power and transformative power. Keywords: caucasus; concept; council; countries; eap; eastern; european; european union; georgia; journal; membership; new; partnership; policy; power; region; russia; studies; ukraine; union
• Internarrativity of Authoritarian Rule: A Discourse Analysis of Vladimir Putin’s Speeches between 2012 and 2019 by Vershinin, Ignat (2025) - Consequently, many studies implicitly adopt a universalist logic that portrays Russian narratives as relatively stable constructs, such as those emphasizing “great power” status, sovereignty, or external threats (Dajani et al. 2021; Götz and Staun 2022; Maksimmon and O’Loughlin 2017). A dominant trend in the literature has been to frame Russian narratives through the lens of state- centred propaganda, disinformation, or the distortion of reality. Keywords: analysis; approach; canadian; countries; discourse; european; hand; internarrativity; international; issn; journal; narratives; power; public; putin; relations; russia; studies; vladimir; world; вопросы; для; журналистов; заявления; интервью; итогам; конференция; ответы; переговоров; по итогам; президентом; пресс
• Before the Sanctions: How Firms in Russia Institutionalized Corporate Social Responsibility by Klimovich, Stanislav; Pape, Ulla; Siewert, Markus B. (2025) - Second, by building on neo-institutionalist theory and mechanisms of isomorphic change, it explores the global and domestic pressures that promoted CSR institutionalization in Russia’s authoritarian capitalism. Two types of mimetic isomorphism—modelling CSR activities after best international practices and path-dependent Soviet-type experiences—are crucial to explaining CSR institutionalization in Russia. Keywords: authors; business; canadian; companies; company; conditions; csr; csr practices; european; institutionalization; international; issn; journal; level; practices; pressures; responsibility; russia; state; studies
• Shifting balance in Central Asia: The Role of External Actors by Mubinzhon, Abduvaliev; Bustillo, Ricardo; Viju-Miljusevic, Crina (2025) - However, while organizational weaknesses may pose challenges to regional cooperation in developing areas like Central Asia, forums such as the Consultative Meeting of Central Asian Heads of State exemplify how countries can come together independently to address mutual concerns effectively. From 2018 to 2023, the Consultative Meeting of Central Asian Heads of State became pivotal in reshaping regionalism in Central Asia by fostering dialogue on economic integration, security cooperation, cultural exchange, and collaboration with international organizations (Umirzakova and 6 Pomfret (2009, 54) argues that regionalization is not worth going through with in this region due to the similarity of the economies, as all CARs are specialized in a similar group of primary goods. Keywords: asia; cars; central; china; cooperation; countries; development; eaeu; economic; european; integration; issn; journal; kazakhstan; kyrgyzstan; region; regionalism; road; russia; sco; security; studies; trade; union
• The Digital Silk Road in Europe: China’s Soft Power Maneuvers at Euro 2024 by Silva, Flávio (2025) - Bridging Theory and Practice: Digital Silk Road, Soft Power, and Public Diplomacy The BRI was first announced through two separate proposals by Xi Jinping: in September 2013, during a visit to Kazakhstan, he proposed the creation of a “new Silk Road” linking China and Central Asia (China Daily 2013a), and in October of the same year, during a visit to Indonesia, he introduced the idea of a “Maritime Silk Road” connecting China and Southeast Asia (China Daily 2013b). A few months later, during the China-EU Digital Cooperation Forum, the first official reference to the “Digital Silk Road” was made, a challenge that was reiterated during the 15th Forum on Internet Media in China, where Chinese companies and media operating online were urged to assist in expanding international trade and digital banking services along the Belt and Road (China Daily 2015). Keywords: belt; bri; china; chinese; companies; digital; diplomacy; dsr; european; initiative; international; issn; journal; power; public; road; silk; sports; studies; uefa
• Misreading Russia or Misreading Putin? A Commentary on Leigh Sarty's Article by DeBardeleben, Joan (2024) - Tom Casier calls this idea “no great Russia without greater Russia” (Casier 2023), while Götz and Staun (2022, 491) point to the Russian leadership view that a few great powers “are entitled to have their own spheres of influence, whereas the sovereignty of smaller states in negotiable.” 139 Canadian Journal of European and Russian Studies, 17 (1)2024: 139-145 ISSN 2562-8429 Misreading Russia or Misreading Putin? Keywords: european; journal; putin; russia; sarty; studies; ukraine
• The Politicization of International Organizations: Obstruction of Kosovo's Membership by Non-Recognizing States by Brajshori, Muhamet (2025) - The politicization of international organizations undermines their integrity and effectiveness. The article contributes to the broader debate on how member-state politicization affects the functioning of international organizations in a polarized world. Keywords: accession; convention; council; customs; international; kosovo; membership; organizations; pca; recognition; states; studies; wco
• Parliamentary Influence on Sanctions Policy in Canada, the US and the EU by Verellen, Thomas (2025) - Moreover, the ability of national parliaments to influence EU sanctions policy cannot be taken for granted. Across the Atlantic, the academic literature pays little attention to how the US Congress affects US sanctions policy. Keywords: act; canada; canadian; congress; council; european; executive; foreign; journal; june; law; parliament; policy; powers; president; role; russian; sanctions; sanctions policy; studies; union
• Misreading Russian Studies: A Response to Sarty by Goode, Paul (2024) - Realists Also Get Russia Wrong A second issue with the perspective offered in Sarty’s essay is that it treats regime survival as synonymous with state survival. Failed Crusade: America and the Tragedy of Post-Communist Russia. Keywords: european; history; journal; policy; putin; research; russia; sarty; soviet; studies; ukraine; war; west
• Brexit as a Driver of European Disintegration: Institutional Reform and Differentiated Integration by Orlando, Vittorio; Conrad, Maximilian (2025) - The article contributes to the literature on European disintegration and differentiated integration by addressing the causal impact of Brexit as a driver of flexible institutional designs to meet the diverging demands of EU member states. This outcome aligns with the conventional understanding of EU integration, corresponding to the “more integration/less differentiation” scenario outlined in Table 1, where deeper cooperation prevails over fragmentation. Keywords: brexit; canadian; differentiation; disintegration; european; european union; impact; integration; issn; journal; level; member; member states; policy; referendum; security; states; studies; union
• Crisis in Russian-American Diplomacy: Boris Yeltsin, Bill Clinton and the 1998 Bombing of Iraq by Daryaee Motlagh, Ebrahim (2025) - In doing so, declassified communications between US President Bill Clinton and Boris Yeltsin were reviewed following a discussion of American and Russian foreign policy towards the Iraq crisis. As will be discussed later, another key but problematic aspect of this doctrine was non-intervention, which highlighted Russia’s opposition to US military campaigns in the Middle East. Keywords: clinton; crisis; european; foreign; government; iraq; policy; relations; russian; saddam; soviet; states; studies; united; yeltsin

• Introduction: Carbon Politics in Canada and Europe by Benz, Arthur; DeBardeleben, Joan; Schott, Stephan ; Schreurs, Miranda (2021) - The changing energy landscape resulting from climate change policies and the green energy transition is likely to have broad and long-lasting political consequences. Extreme weather events, including scorching summer temperatures, devastating forest fires and droughts, super hurricanes, and floods are expected to become increasingly common and severe as a result of climate change (National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Association 2021). Keywords: canada; canadian; carbon; change; climate; emissions; energy; european; policy

• Introduction to the Special Issue by Casteel, James; DeBardeleben, Joan (2024) - The article “Misreading Russia” by Leigh Sarty, a seasoned foreign policy expert, provides an interpretive analysis of the authoritarian path that Russia has taken under Vladimir Putin that led to Russia’s current war against Ukraine and what he views as the failure of some Western countries to anticipate it. In honour of the fiftieth anniversary of the Institute of European, Russian, and Eurasian Studies (EURUS) at Carleton University in Ottawa, Canada, the Canadian Journal of European and Russian Studies is producing a special journal issue featuring research articles authored or co- authored by present and past faculty members and research associates of the Institute. Keywords: canada; russia

• Emergency Power in Hungary and the COVID-19 by Antal, Attila (2023) - The COVID-19 pandemic proved to be a turning point: the leaders of the Orbán regime realized that there were great opportunities to use exceptional government measures and tools, which also carried serious societal risks and further distanced Hungary from democracy. Behind the endless and overlapping state of exceptions, there is also a rise in the unlimited executive power (Antal 2019, 35-41); contemporary authoritarian populist regimes can be equipped with extraordinary government measures, which means managing the crisis that they created. Keywords: crisis; emergency; exception; government; hungary; january; law; measures; national; orbán; order; pandemic; regime; state

• Competing Visions and New Regional Order in Central Asia and Caucasus by Viju-Miljusevic, Crina (2025) - The contribution “External Forces in Central Asia: Shaping the Regional Balance” by Mubinzhon Abduvaliev, Ricardo Bustillo, and Crina Viju-Miljusevic explores the influence of external powers on regional cooperation in Central Asia. In contrast to the arguments presented by Abduvaliev, Bustillo and Viju-Miljusevic, Karabayeva asserts that regional cooperation in Central Asia exists as a result of China’s indirect, recipient-driven influence. Keywords: central; china; european

• Grillo and the Vacuum: Understanding the Project of the Five Stars Movement by Pazzini, Eugenio (2020) - In addition, utilizing novel digital technologies, the actor questions contemporary party systems and, by claiming to override the mediation of political parties in favour of a direct form of online participation, it brings back old concerns about democracy and the critical role of political parties (Ostrogorski, 1964; Berger, 2017). The stated goal is to achieve a direct democracy where people rule without intermediaries such as politicians and political parties, an objective that is accordingly achievable through means of information and communication technology. Keywords: 5sm; communication; democracy; european; grillo; ideology; journal; media; movement; parties; party; people; politics; populism; web

Epilogue

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Created: 2025-12-23