item: #1 of 60 id: cjers-2529 author: Terpan, Fabien title: Assessing the influence of France and Germany on EU foreign and security policy date: 2019 words: 8474 flesch: 53 summary: But the end of the Cold War provides a unique opportunity to develop a robust European foreign and security policy: with the collapse of the USSR, EU member states are less dependent on the US. Secondly, 5 Canadian Journal of European and Russian Studies, 2019 external (non-EU) factors may also work in favour of unity (positive) or lack of unity (negative) regarding EU foreign policy. keywords: cohesion; distance; european; factors; foreign; france; germany; journal; member; policy; security; states; studies cache: cjers-2529.pdf plain text: cjers-2529.txt item: #2 of 60 id: cjers-2530 author: Pazzini, Eugenio title: Grillo and the Vacuum: Understanding the Project of the Five Stars Movement date: 2020 words: 8818 flesch: 50 summary: In addition, utilizing novel digital technologies, the actor questions contemporary party systems and, by claiming to override the mediation of political parties in favour of a direct form of online participation, it brings back old concerns about democracy and the critical role of political parties (Ostrogorski, 1964; Berger, 2017). The stated goal is to achieve a direct democracy where people rule without intermediaries such as politicians and political parties, an objective that is accordingly achievable through means of information and communication technology. keywords: 5sm; communication; democracy; european; grillo; ideology; journal; media; movement; parties; party; people; politics; populism; web cache: cjers-2530.pdf plain text: cjers-2530.txt item: #3 of 60 id: cjers-2550 author: Fischer-Souan, Maricia title: Becoming European: Strangers Finding a Place in the European Union date: 2020 words: 14074 flesch: 46 summary: The Mediterranean as ‘bridge’ to other spatial categories With respect to the cultural resonance of the Mediterranean for North African participants, it seems to act as a vehicle to maintain an attachment to their native culture while simultaneously facilitating the opening up of the self towards other identity spaces, such as the country of residence and Europe, among others (see Figure 2). This essay stops-short in developing an account of the degree to which non-European migrants understand themselves as ‘becoming Europeans’ as they settle in the different EU cities under study. keywords: belonging; context; european; experience; identity; journal; madrid; mediterranean; migrants; migration; paris; participants; place; processes; space; studies; study; vol cache: cjers-2550.pdf plain text: cjers-2550.txt item: #4 of 60 id: cjers-2562 author: Pettai, Vello title: The Baltic States: Keeping the Faith in Turbulent Times date: 2020 words: 10558 flesch: 58 summary: 739 502 373 418 603 620 0 200 400 600 800 M e an d u ra tio n , d ay s Estonia Latvia Lithuania 1st string 2nd string 1st string 2nd string 1st string 2nd string 1st string = first cabinet formed after a parliamentary election 2nd string = all subsequent cabinets before a new election Data source: Döring and Manow (2019), author's own calculations 44 Canadian Journal of European and Russian Studies, 13 (2) 2019: 39-63 ISSN 2562-8429 Figure 4: Left-right orientation of cabinets and opposition in Estonia, 1992-2019 Figure 5: Left-right orientation of cabinets and opposition in Latvia, 1992-2018 Figure 6: Left-right orientation of cabinets and opposition in Lithuania, 1992-2018 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 La ar I Tar an d Vah i I Vah When I was first asked to contribute to this retrospective on EU accession 15 years ago, my mind went back immediately to that sunny autumn day in Tallinn, and I knew that this article could not start with just a standard introduction. keywords: accession; baltic; canadian; countries; crisis; estonia; european; european union; figure; issn; journal; latvia; lithuania; minority; parties; party; percent; russian; states; studies; support; union; years cache: cjers-2562.pdf plain text: cjers-2562.txt item: #5 of 60 id: cjers-2563 author: Galgóczi, Béla title: Economic and Social Balance of 15 Years of Eastern Enlargement date: 2020 words: 7676 flesch: 49 summary: Still, when taking two decades of wage convergence into account (expressed in nominal EUR terms for each CEE country as a percent of the EU15 average), the overall catch-up of wages was substantial, as in 1998, wage levels at this measure ranged from 6.4 percent (Bulgaria) to 47.5 percent (Slovenia), whereas in 2019, the range was between 21.6 percent (Bulgaria) and 64.1 percent (Slovenia). Development of relative wage levels to EU15 From the 2004 ‘Big Bang’ EU enlargement up to the 2009 crisis, it has been taken for granted that wage convergence for poorer new member states to the high-income core of the EU is only a matter of time. keywords: cee; convergence; countries; crisis; economic; european; integration; issn; journal; labour; levels; member; percent; productivity; states; studies; wage cache: cjers-2563.pdf plain text: cjers-2563.txt item: #6 of 60 id: cjers-2619 author: Epstein, Rachel A title: The Economic Successes and Sources of Discontent in East Central Europe date: 2020 words: 8791 flesch: 47 summary: It is by this former measure that ECE countries lag significantly behind many of their Western counterparts. Third, ECE countries are no longer the poorest as a group in the EU. keywords: bank; canadian; central; countries; east; ece; economic; european; fdi; foreign; investment; issn; journal; ownership; power; studies; west; world cache: cjers-2619.pdf plain text: cjers-2619.txt item: #7 of 60 id: cjers-2667 author: Tsurkan, Anna title: Elections in Canada and Russia in 2019: a comparative analysis of cross-national media coverage date: 2021 words: 11065 flesch: 36 summary: Russian media did not suggest that Canada was a threat to Russian elections, which contrasts with the dominant narrative of a Russian threat by Canadian media, yet nonetheless, articles about Canada in general, and the Canadian reaction to the Russian elections in particular, were negative in tone even while being sporadic in distribution. Russian authorities, capitalizing on the Western interference narrative in Russian media, made accusations against the Canadian media coverage of Russian elections. keywords: campaign; canada; canadian; country; coverage; election; european; foreign; government; interference; issn; journal; media; media coverage; national; news; outlets; research; russian; state; studies; trudeau cache: cjers-2667.pdf plain text: cjers-2667.txt item: #8 of 60 id: cjers-2671 author: Viakhireva, Natalia title: Russia-Canada Relations in the Period of Crisis, 2014-20 date: 2021 words: 11314 flesch: 38 summary: “Thirty Years of US Policy Toward Russia: Can the Vicious Circle Be Broken?” 31 Canadian Journal of European and Russian Studies, 14(1) 2020: 30-54 ISSN 2562-8429 Introduction Political relations between Russia and Canada from 2014 to 2020 show that bilateral relations have been affected by the crisis in Russia-West relations and limited by a war of sanctions and accusatory rhetoric from both sides. keywords: affairs; arctic; canada; canadian; cooperation; council; countries; crisis; dialogue; diplomacy; european; foreign; international; issn; issues; journal; moscow; policy; relations; russia; sanctions; studies; ukraine; west cache: cjers-2671.pdf plain text: cjers-2671.txt item: #9 of 60 id: cjers-2690 author: Thomson, Viktoriya title: Europeans but outside of the EU - the EU Soft Power of Attractiveness in Ukraine Between the Orange Revolution and Euromaidan date: 2020 words: 10522 flesch: 53 summary: However, the EU’s conditionality rules were not clearly defined due to the remote prospects of EU membership for Ukraine (Dimitrova and Dragneva 2013) and Ukraine’s inability to meet the three criteria used in the assessments, such as 1) stability of institutions guaranteeing democracy, the rule of law, human rights, and respect for and protection of minorities; 2) market economy; and 3) administrative and institutional capacity to effectively implement EU acquis, and ability to take on the obligations of membership (Commission, Accession Criteria). The higher the potential for EU membership, the more likely that candidate countries will implement political and economic reforms that meet EU requirements. keywords: citizens; confidence; european; europeanization; journal; membership; orange; power; russian; studies; ukraine; union; values; yanukovych cache: cjers-2690.pdf plain text: cjers-2690.txt item: #10 of 60 id: cjers-2694 author: Paikin, Zachary title: Western Hegemony and Russia’s Eurasian Turn: Probing the Liberal Order's Place in Contemporary International Society date: 2021 words: 11277 flesch: 43 summary: This article will explore the enduring normative and identity-related elements of Russia’s relationship with Europe against the backdrop of Moscow’s ‘pivot to the east’ and its recently launched ‘Greater Eurasia’ vision, with the aim of uncovering the extent to which the Western- led liberal international order can retain its global appeal. “The end of liberal international order?” International Affairs 94 (1): 7- 23. keywords: cambridge; canadian; european; foreign; journal; liberal; moscow; order; policy; power; press; relations; russia; society; states; studies; university; war; west; world cache: cjers-2694.pdf plain text: cjers-2694.txt item: #11 of 60 id: cjers-2695 author: Teeple, Nancy Jane title: Offensive Weapons and the Future of Arms Control date: 2021 words: 10745 flesch: 33 summary: Analysts argue that an explicit No First Use policy is rare among nuclear weapon states (although China has maintained a No First Use pledge since 1964). In recent times, nuclear deterrence systems include the entangling of conventional capabilities – such as conventional warheads on missile platforms – that play a role in offensive deterrence-by-denial strategies targeting the rival state’s nuclear assets. keywords: arms; canada; canadian; capabilities; control; defence; deterrence; european; journal; missile; nato; new; nuclear; russia; security; stability; state; studies; systems; treaty; weapons cache: cjers-2695.pdf plain text: cjers-2695.txt item: #12 of 60 id: cjers-2762 author: Benz, Arthur; Broschek, Jörg title: Transformative Energy Policy in Federal Systems: Canada and Germany Compared date: 2021 words: 11263 flesch: 40 summary: While the FDP in particular supported this partial change to federal energy policy, the nuclear energy extension plan was more contested within the CDU. They have regularly participated in planning and implementation of federal energy policy. keywords: canada; canadian; carbon; change; climate; energy; energy policy; european; federal; federalism; germany; government; issn; journal; länder; new; policy; power; provinces; studies; transition cache: cjers-2762.pdf plain text: cjers-2762.txt item: #13 of 60 id: cjers-2763 author: Lederer, Markus title: Climate Change Politics in Canada and the EU—from Carbon Democracy to a Green Deal? date: 2021 words: 9723 flesch: 57 summary: First, on a descriptive level, it addresses what has so far been achieved regarding climate policy in both polities. First, on a descriptive level, it addresses what has so far been achieved regarding climate policy. keywords: canada; canadian; carbon; change; climate; deal; democracy; doi; emissions; energy; european; fossil; green; journal; new; percent; policies; policy; politics; studies cache: cjers-2763.pdf plain text: cjers-2763.txt item: #14 of 60 id: cjers-2764 author: Clarke, Harold D.; Pammett, Jon H. title: Environmental Issues in Recent British and Canadian Elections date: 2021 words: 9575 flesch: 52 summary: First, environmental concern in society at large was imperfectly translated into election issues. The overall effect of environmental issue voting did not favour any of the larger parties, and the impact was considerably lower than that for the economy (panel C), the healthcare system (panel B), and especially for Brexit (panel A), an issue vital to the Conservative victory in the election. keywords: british; canada; canadian; change; climate; economy; election; environment; european; green; issn; issues; journal; liberal; parties; party; studies; voting cache: cjers-2764.pdf plain text: cjers-2764.txt item: #15 of 60 id: cjers-2765 author: Schreurs, Miranda Alice title: Implications of the Russian War on Ukraine for Climate Policy and the Geopolitics of Energy date: 2023 words: 12446 flesch: 43 summary: Poland began to reduce its dependence on Russian energy in response to the Russian invasion of Crimea in 2014; its dependency on Russian gas dropped from around 76 percent in 2014 to 55 percent in 2021. The Baltic states, Poland, Ukraine as well as the United States warned against building the Nord Stream pipelines, which they claimed threatened European energy security by making Europe overly dependent on Russian gas. keywords: canada; canadian; change; china; climate; emissions; energy; european; february; fossil; gas; germany; imports; issn; journal; july; new; oil; percent; policy; power; putin; russian; states; studies; ukraine; united; war cache: cjers-2765.pdf plain text: cjers-2765.txt item: #16 of 60 id: cjers-2766 author: Schott, Stephan; Schreurs, Miranda Alice title: Climate and Energy Politics in Canada and Germany: Dealing with Fossil Fuel Legacies date: 2021 words: 12416 flesch: 48 summary: For Canada energy relations with the US have changed recently since the US has become an energy superpower in its own right and is now less dependent on Canada’s oil and gas sector. The Struggle to Develop and Implement a Pan-Canadian Framework on Clean Growth and Climate Change The election of a Liberal government under the leadership of Justin Trudeau in 2015 indicated a shift in the approach to energy policy, and a more climate-friendly direction compared to the previous approach of the Conservative government led by Stephan Harper. keywords: action; canada; canadian; carbon; change; climate; climate change; coal; electricity; emissions; energy; european; federal; gas; germany; ghg; government; green; issn; journal; new; oil; percent; policy; provinces; sector; studies; targets; transition cache: cjers-2766.pdf plain text: cjers-2766.txt item: #17 of 60 id: cjers-2770 author: Macdonald, Douglas ; Bidordinova, Asya; Khachatryan, Avet title: Central Governments in Multi-level Governance Systems Facing the Challenge of Jurisdictions with Rising Emissions date: 2021 words: 10429 flesch: 53 summary: In contrast with Spain, Poland, heavily reliant on coal, has perhaps been the Member State most critical and pro-active in weakening EU climate policies. Finally, EU REJ emissions increased by 13 percent during that time period, while Canadian REJ emissions increased by 51 percent. keywords: alberta; canada; canadian; change; climate; emissions; energy; european; government; macdonald; policy; power; rej; share; states; studies; total cache: cjers-2770.pdf plain text: cjers-2770.txt item: #18 of 60 id: cjers-2815 author: Ghosh, Debanjali title: The European Union’s Response to Rising Xeno-Racism in Europe: An Assessment date: 2022 words: 10410 flesch: 37 summary: The German government has also sought to strengthen provisions for the protection and support of hate crime victims as a part of its project on combating racism to which it has committed €1B between 2021-2024 (European Commission 2021b, 7). Only 16 percent (2009, 13) of the respondents were aware of organizations that supported hate crime victims. keywords: anti; commission; crimes; data; discrimination; european; european commission; france; germany; hate; islamophobia; journal; member; muslim; rights; states; studies cache: cjers-2815.pdf plain text: cjers-2815.txt item: #19 of 60 id: cjers-3157 author: Swift, Megan title: Canada Russia Relations: Introduction date: 2021 words: 1677 flesch: 42 summary: 1 Canadian Journal of European and Russian Studies, 14(1) 2020: 1-5 ISSN 2562-8429 RUSSIA-CANADA RELATIONS SPECIAL ISSUE: INTRODUCTION Megan Swift1 University of Victoria Those looking for good news stories on Canada-Russia relations in recent years will have found instead headlines with keywords and phrases such as ‘disinformation’, ‘cyber threats’, ‘propaganda’, ‘Kremlin lashes out’, ‘dysfunctional’, ‘election meddling’, ‘major threat’, ‘damaged relations’, ‘failure of democratization’, and ‘anti-Russian sanctions’. file:///C:/Users/Heather%20Pyman/AppData/Local/Microsoft/Windows/INetCache/Content.Outlook/4SDJZG2V/thecrri.ca) 2 Canadian Journal of European and Russian Studies, 14(1) 2020: 1-5 ISSN 2562-8429 together a network of researchers working in the field of Canada-Russia relations. keywords: canada; european; relations; russia; studies cache: cjers-3157.pdf plain text: cjers-3157.txt item: #20 of 60 id: cjers-3169 author: Benz, Arthur; DeBardeleben, Joan; Schott, Stephan ; Schreurs, Miranda title: Introduction: Carbon Politics in Canada and Europe date: 2021 words: 3815 flesch: 46 summary: The changing energy landscape resulting from climate change policies and the green energy transition is likely to have broad and long-lasting political consequences. Extreme weather events, including scorching summer temperatures, devastating forest fires and droughts, super hurricanes, and floods are expected to become increasingly common and severe as a result of climate change (National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Association 2021). keywords: canada; canadian; carbon; change; climate; emissions; energy; european; policy cache: cjers-3169.pdf plain text: cjers-3169.txt item: #21 of 60 id: cjers-3284 author: Havel, Sean title: Strategic Power Europe: A Contradiction in Terms? date: 2022 words: 13545 flesch: 50 summary: The Compass represents a strategic turn and definitive guide for EU security and defence, a unified threat analysis that sought to operationalize the LOA (Fiott 2020). Compared to the initiatives of the past, PESCO legally binds EU Member States to take part in at least one capability project such that countries are free to associate themselves with any projects they deem fit. keywords: canadian; defence; development; eu security; european; france; germany; industry; international; interview; issn; journal; june; member; military; national; nato; official; pesco; poland; policy; projects; security; states; studies; union cache: cjers-3284.pdf plain text: cjers-3284.txt item: #22 of 60 id: cjers-3286 author: Yao, Alexandra title: The Impact of the 2020 Constitutional Changes on Authoritarian Constitutionalism in Russia: Judicial Pragmatism Between the Russian Constitutional Court (RCC) and the State date: 2022 words: 8042 flesch: 36 summary: “Russian Constitutional Court Affirms Russian Constitution’s Supremacy over ECtHR Decisions.” The next month, Putin introduced a slew of constitutional amendments including the precedence of Russian constitutional law over international law, making selective compliance of international rulings constitutional. keywords: amendments; article; changes; constitution; constitutionalism; court; european; federation; international; journal; law; rcc; russian; russian federation; state; studies; trials; yukos cache: cjers-3286.pdf plain text: cjers-3286.txt item: #23 of 60 id: cjers-3288 author: Rasmussen, Leah title: Curating Russia: The Shchukin Collection, Nationalism, and Border Crossing from Lenin to Putin date: 2022 words: 9465 flesch: 50 summary: Before this point, Russian artists and collectors had seen Russian art as separate from Europe; now, with Shchukin’s purchase and the “drive towards the West” of Sergei Diaghilev and the artists from the World of Art collective (1898-9), Russian art redefined itself within a wider European art pantheon. 51 Canadian Journal of European and Russian Studies, 15(1) 2022: 43-60 ISSN 2562-8429 The forced assimilation in the 1930s of Soviet Russian artists into Socialist Realism, a propagandistic style of art that stripped away individual advancements to the global field, had monumental repercussions for Soviet culture. keywords: art; artists; dance; european; french; hermitage; matisse; museum; place; russian; shchukin; soviet; state; studies; western; works; world cache: cjers-3288.pdf plain text: cjers-3288.txt item: #24 of 60 id: cjers-3330 author: Tu, Dong; Zamecki, Lukasz title: European Right-Wing Populist Parties’ Approach toward China: Between Anti-Globalization and Appeal for Diversified International Partnerships date: 2022 words: 12004 flesch: 49 summary: However, after coming into office in June 2018, M5S led an unprecedentedly active policy toward China (Poggetti 2018), i.e., the government set up a special “China Task Force” under the Ministry of Economic Development and made explicit its intent to position Italy as a leading European partner in cooperation with China’s Belt and Road Initiative. Mercator Institute for China Studies. keywords: april; canadian; china; chinese; economic; european; fidesz; globalization; government; hungary; issn; italy; journal; national; parties; party; policy; populist; position; relations; right; rpps; studies; wing cache: cjers-3330.pdf plain text: cjers-3330.txt item: #25 of 60 id: cjers-3727 author: Antal, Attila title: Emergency Power in Hungary and the COVID-19 date: 2023 words: 9119 flesch: 43 summary: The COVID-19 pandemic proved to be a turning point: the leaders of the Orbán regime realized that there were great opportunities to use exceptional government measures and tools, which also carried serious societal risks and further distanced Hungary from democracy. Behind the endless and overlapping state of exceptions, there is also a rise in the unlimited executive power (Antal 2019, 35-41); contemporary authoritarian populist regimes can be equipped with extraordinary government measures, which means managing the crisis that they created. keywords: crisis; emergency; exception; government; hungary; january; law; measures; national; orbán; order; pandemic; regime; state cache: cjers-3727.pdf plain text: cjers-3727.txt item: #26 of 60 id: cjers-3779 author: Demchuk, Artur; Kapitsyn, Vladimir; Karateev, Artem title: Restrictive COVID-19 policies in selected EU countries and Russia: an Institutional Approach date: 2023 words: 12047 flesch: 44 summary: Understanding the reasons for this discrepancy is essential to clarify the predictors of the effectiveness of COVID-19 measures. The authors’ hypothesis is that the stringency of COVID-19 measures and the severity of the pandemic are remarkably related to institutional characteristics. keywords: authors; canadian; characteristics; correlation; countries; country; covid-19; data; european; health; index; issn; january; journal; measures; model; pandemic; population; relationship; russia; severity; situation; stringency; studies; time; wave cache: cjers-3779.pdf plain text: cjers-3779.txt item: #27 of 60 id: cjers-3783 author: Omelicheva, Mariya title: A “Good” Samaritan? The Geopolitics of Russia’s Covid-19 Assistance date: 2023 words: 11659 flesch: 43 summary: The scholarship on humanitarian aid (the majority of which has been conducted on traditional donors such as the US) has found the ongoing importance of need as a driver for humanitarian aid decisions but also pointed out other motives, including countries’ self-interest for explaining their aid allocations (Boussalis and Caryn Peiffer 2011; Kevlihan, DeRouen, and Biglasier 2014). Moscow's use of humanitarian aid for geopolitical benefits has not been a critical disruptor in the humanitarian system by itself; however, jointly with other instruments of foreign policy, Russia's approaches to foreign assistance can be detrimental to the future of the international humanitarian system. keywords: aid; assistance; canadian; countries; country; covid-19; covid-19 aid; decisions; development; disasters; donors; european; foreign; humanitarian; international; issn; journal; moscow; new; policy; russia; states; studies; study; world cache: cjers-3783.pdf plain text: cjers-3783.txt item: #28 of 60 id: cjers-3955 author: Blackburn, Matthew; Hutcheson, Derek; Tsumarova, Elena; Petersson , Bo title: Covid-19 and the Russian Regional Response: Blame Diffusion and Attitudes to Pandemic Governance date: 2023 words: 12055 flesch: 48 summary: Trust regional authorities 0.394** Influence on federal authorities -0.144** Influence on regional authorities -0.109** Interest in politics 0.003 0.067** Read federal newspapers 0.047* Research design and hypotheses To investigate attitudes on state management of COVID-19, the authors of this article examine three levels: (1) the nationwide attitudes toward how federal and (2) regional authorities handled the pandemic seen in an aggregate perspective across Russia; (3) a specific qualitative focus on two case studies: St. Petersburg and Petrozavodsk. keywords: authorities; canadian; covid-19; european; federal; government; issn; journal; levels; measures; pandemic; people; percent; petersburg; public; putin; regional; restrictions; russian; state; studies; trust cache: cjers-3955.pdf plain text: cjers-3955.txt item: #29 of 60 id: cjers-4034 author: Schwartz, Agatha; Sethna, Christabelle; Carron, Danielle Lyn title: Not Supposed to be Born? : Narratives of Impossible Motherhood and Children Born of War Rape in Germany and Bosnia and Herzegovina date: 2023 words: 14045 flesch: 57 summary: Narratives of Unwanted Pregnancy, Impossible Motherhood, and Children Born of War Rape in Germany and Bosnia and Herzegovina1 Agatha Schwartz, University of Ottawa Christabelle Sethna, University of Ottawa Danielle Lyn Carron, Carleton University Abstract This article examines the intergenerational impact of sexual violence in conflict zones by drawing from two published literary narratives—the German wartime diary by Anonymous, A Woman in Berlin, and the novel based on women’s testimonies of war rape and unwanted pregnancies in Bosnia by Slavenka Drakulić, S.: A Novel About the Balkans—in addition to published testimonies and unpublished interview data by children born of war rape (CBOWR) in Germany and Bosnia and Herzegovina. The authors examine the far-reaching personal and social consequences of sexual violence against women in conflict zones, with an emphasis on unwanted pregnancy, abortion, and children born of war rape (CBOWR). keywords: abortion; behlau; berlin; bosnia; canadian; cbowr; children; conflict; drakulić; european; german; interview; issn; journal; life; mother; narratives; new; novel; rape; russian; studies; trauma; university; violence; war; women cache: cjers-4034.pdf plain text: cjers-4034.txt item: #30 of 60 id: cjers-4097 author: Raun, Alo title: Too Much Development or Not Enough Democracy? Exploring an Anomaly in the Democratization of Post-Communist Countries date: 2023 words: 11889 flesch: 47 summary: In conclusion, yes, on average, post-communist developed dictatorships convert their economic growth into human development score remarkably well—better than other autocracies in the region. From Democratization to Development and Autocratic Resilience This section briefly reviews literature focusing on the role of institutions in fostering human development and aiming to explain autocratic resilience (in post-communist countries) in the 21st century. keywords: approach; article; autocracies; conversion; countries; democracy; development; economic; european; growth; hdi; human; index; issn; journal; kazakhstan; russia; score; studies cache: cjers-4097.pdf plain text: cjers-4097.txt item: #31 of 60 id: cjers-4105 author: Vihmand-Veebel, Liia; Veebel, Viljar title: The Linguistic Factor in the Deterrence Conversation between Russia and the West: If and How Russians Understand the Meaning of “Deterrence?” date: 2023 words: 8814 flesch: 45 summary: For example, the most commonly used Russian deterrence equivalent, sderzhivaniye, plays an important role in Russia’s strategic thinking, where it is a much broader term than the Western concept of deterrence. In this aspect, after Russia’s 2022 aggression against Ukraine, the Russian political and military elite has shown full rejection of the idea that Russia would accept NATO deterrence in any format in the future (Medvedev 2022; Putin 2022; The Washington Post 2022). keywords: concept; containment; deterrence; european; issn; journal; military; nato; russian; sderzhivaniye; soviet; strategy; studies; term; war cache: cjers-4105.pdf plain text: cjers-4105.txt item: #32 of 60 id: cjers-4130 author: Rostoks, Toms title: Russia’s Strategy of Outsuffering and the War in Ukraine date: 2023 words: 12733 flesch: 51 summary: “Russia’s Commando Units Gutted by Ukraine War, U.S. Leaks Show.” The article concludes that although insensitivity to costs can be an important advantage when states pursue confrontational foreign policy strategies, Russia’s attempts to outsuffer its adversaries in a war of attrition raise questions about the viability of this strategy. keywords: 2022; canadian; costs; european; february; foreign; issn; january; journal; military; nato; objectives; outsuffering; policy; russia; states; strategy; studies; ukraine; war; west cache: cjers-4130.pdf plain text: cjers-4130.txt item: #33 of 60 id: cjers-4147 author: DeBardeleben, Joan title: Introduction: The Ukraine War: A Paradigm Shift in EU-Russian Relations? date: 2023 words: 6325 flesch: 48 summary: The other two articles explore two key elements of EU policy, specifically security policy and energy/climate policy, that were deeply impacted by the conflict. Canadian Journal of European and Russian Studies, 16 (2)2023: 1-13 ISSN 2562-8429 8 Two of the articles in this special issue address in depth some of the deeper transformative trajectories in EU policy that have emerged as the war has unfolded. keywords: change; economic; european; journal; paradigm; policy; russia; security; shift; studies; ukraine; war cache: cjers-4147.pdf plain text: cjers-4147.txt item: #34 of 60 id: cjers-4148 author: Casier, Tom title: No Great Russia without Greater Russia: The Kremlin’s Thinking behind the Invasion of Ukraine date: 2023 words: 7914 flesch: 54 summary: What makes the position unique is that the geopolitical and identity arguments are inseparable: in the Kremlin’s worldview, Russia can only be a great power if it also exists as greater Russia. 18 Canadian Journal of European and Russian Studies, 16 (2)2023: 14-29 ISSN 2562-8429 combines the idea that Russia is entitled to being a great power and that it can only be so by being ‘greater Russia’ – a Russia that extends beyond the borders of the Russian Federation and minimally encompasses the Slavic core of the former Soviet Union. keywords: borders; european; february; identity; journal; kremlin; policy; power; putin; russia; security; studies; ukraine; war cache: cjers-4148.pdf plain text: cjers-4148.txt item: #35 of 60 id: cjers-4150 author: Ratti, Luca title: NATO and the CSDP after the Ukraine War: The End of European Strategic Autonomy? date: 2023 words: 10554 flesch: 48 summary: In 2016, however, the result of the Brexit referendum and the election of Donald Trump raised the prospect of a transatlantic drift and triggered a plethora of new proposals to spur EU defence, rekindling hopes that the EU would be able to claim a larger role and take steps, such as the creation of military headquarters (Biscop 2016; Tocci 2017). Lastly, it sketches out potential future scenarios for the relationship between the two organizations, concluding that EU members need to take stock of the current situation to further advance integration in security and defence. keywords: alliance; autonomy; capabilities; cooperation; csdp; defence; european; invasion; journal; members; nato; new; policy; russia; security; states; studies; ukraine; war cache: cjers-4150.pdf plain text: cjers-4150.txt item: #36 of 60 id: cjers-4385 author: Black, J.L. title: The Kremlin’s Responses to Anti-War Voices in Russia: Setting the Tone in the First Year of War date: 2024 words: 10230 flesch: 56 summary: 103 Canadian Journal of European and Russian Studies, 17 (1)2024: 103-123 ISSN 2562-8429 The Kremlin’s Responses to Anti-War Voices in Russia: Setting the Tone in the First Year of War J.L. Black, Carleton University1 105 Canadian Journal of European and Russian Studies, 17 (1)2024: 103-123 ISSN 2562-8429 subjects dealing with the structure and size of Russia’s armed forces, its weapons, finances, deployments, morale, mobilization, civil defence and more—60 taboos in all.4 keywords: 2022a; april; canadian; country; day; european; february; information; issn; january; journal; march; military; mobilization; moscow; putin; russian; school; september; state; studies; svo; telegram; times; ukraine; war; year cache: cjers-4385.pdf plain text: cjers-4385.txt item: #37 of 60 id: cjers-4390 author: Galkin, Konstantin; Parfenova , Oksana title: Biopolitics and the Construction of (Mis)Trust: Public Discourse Regarding Pandemic Governance in Saint Petersburg, Russia date: 2024 words: 9897 flesch: 45 summary: Mass vaccination started in January 2021, and a year-long analysis allowed the authors to observe the establishment of pandemic discourses, including the important topic of vaccination. The authors present a continuum of different discourses, ranging from liberal and oriented to the understanding of biopolitics as a norm of effective management to disciplinary discourses and the perception of measures and restrictions as attempts at control. keywords: agamben; authorities; authors; biopolitics; control; covid-19; discourse; distrust; european; foucault; journal; measures; media; pandemic; public; resistance; restrictions; russian; studies; users; vaccination cache: cjers-4390.pdf plain text: cjers-4390.txt item: #38 of 60 id: cjers-4409 author: Sarty, Leigh title: Misreading Russia date: 2024 words: 7380 flesch: 54 summary: 132 Canadian Journal of European and Russian Studies, 17 (1)2024: 124-138 ISSN 2562-8429 Misreading Russia Why does the West misread Russia? In retrospect, it has become clear that, under the uniquely dysfunctional conditions of early post-Soviet Russia, measures intended to advance the market and shared prosperity rewarded corrupt, monopolistic behaviour that created mighty oligarchs and spread staggering social inequality (Goldman 2003; Reddaway and Glinski 2001). keywords: canadian; country; european; gorbachev; history; issn; journal; new; putin; russia; soviet; state; studies; war; west; world cache: cjers-4409.pdf plain text: cjers-4409.txt item: #39 of 60 id: cjers-4436 author: Sahadeo, Jeff; Gosselin, Paul title: The Mtkvari River’s Many Faces: Symbolism, Space and Agency in Late Imperial Tiflis date: 2024 words: 12748 flesch: 61 summary: Crowds gathered on its shore to fish, swim, drink, fight, or pray, mingling with the porters (metulukcheebi) who hauled river water in sacks citywide. Pooled river water, though easier to pour into buckets, might carry disease. keywords: banks; bridge; canadian; caucasus; central; century; city; duma; european; gardens; georgian; issn; iveria; journal; kavkaz; life; metulukcheebi; mtkvari; new; residents; riqe; river; russian; streets; studies; summer; tbilisi; tiflis; tsarist; water cache: cjers-4436.pdf plain text: cjers-4436.txt item: #40 of 60 id: cjers-4440 author: DeBardeleben, Joan title: A Respite from Geopolitical Tension? Russian Media Depictions of Cross-Border Cooperation with the EU 2014-2021 date: 2024 words: 11076 flesch: 44 summary: [It is planned to attract more than 1 billion rubles to Pskov oblast’ under cross-border cooperation programs]. [Gorvodokanal’s chief technologist on clean water and cross-border cooperation programs]. keywords: articles; border; canadian; cbc; cooperation; cross; european; issn; journal; kaliningrad; level; local; march; media; period; poland; programs; projects; russian; states; studies cache: cjers-4440.pdf plain text: cjers-4440.txt item: #41 of 60 id: cjers-4445 author: Hurrelmann, Achim title: Brexit: A Critical Juncture for Canada's Transatlantic Relations? date: 2024 words: 10089 flesch: 47 summary: However, in both respects, Canada- UK economic relations remained stable, while Canada-EU economic relations saw increases. (Interview #2, UK diplomat, June 2020) Canada, for its part, discovered that the UK was sometimes easier to work with than the EU. keywords: brexit; canada; canadian; change; diplomat; european; foreign; government; journal; new; policy; relations; studies; trade cache: cjers-4445.pdf plain text: cjers-4445.txt item: #42 of 60 id: cjers-4454 author: Nesbitt, Todd title: From Media Capture to Platform Capture: Reflections on Three Decades of a Free Czech Media date: 2024 words: 7983 flesch: 48 summary: Simmering in the background of these events was an election promise the newly elected government coalition vowed to make good on—an amendment to the conflict-of-interest law, which aimed to limit ownership by politicians, a potential legislative coup which could possibly bring an end to the reign of Babiš over Czech media and politics and dramatically reduce the threat of future cases of political instrumentalism. The four, along with Zdeněk Bakala, owner of Economia, comprised a triad of domestic media proprietors, completely replacing foreign media owners. keywords: babiš; canadian; capture; central; czech; environment; european; issn; journal; market; media; new; news; november; ownership; platform; press; republic; studies; štětka cache: cjers-4454.pdf plain text: cjers-4454.txt item: #43 of 60 id: cjers-4463 author: Colino, César; Cruz-Martínez, Gibrán; del Pino, Eloísa; Hernández-Moreno, Jorge title: Explaining Change in Citizens’ Preferences About Intergovernmental Responsibilities During the COVID-19 Crisis: The Case of Spain date: 2024 words: 18178 flesch: 47 summary: Does the evaluation of government policies and growing satisfaction or dissatisfaction affect citizens’ preferences, or is this evaluation wholly determined by partisan cues and motivated reasoning? 11 Canadian Journal of European and Russian Studies, 17(2) 2024: 1-44 ISSN 2562-8429 The two questions were displayed in two checkbox grids, and respondents could choose from the central government, the autonomous community (ACs) regional government, or shared responsibility between both levels. keywords: canadian; change; citizens; covid-19; crisis; decentralization; european; government; healthcare; homes; issn; journal; left; level; lockdown; management; national; nursing; odds; pandemic; party; percent; policy; preferences; public; responsibility; right; shift; studies; wing cache: cjers-4463.pdf plain text: cjers-4463.txt item: #44 of 60 id: cjers-4479 author: du Boulay, Sofya title: Bo Petersson, The Putin Predicament: Problems of Legitimacy and Succession in Russia date: 2023 words: 1184 flesch: 35 summary: The book comprises eight chapters with a foreword by Carleton Associate Professor Paul Goode, progressing from an overview of the socio-economic context to the legitimation crisis of 2011-2012 in the chapter “Legitimizing Putin.” The list of 1 Book reviews are not peer-reviewed 79 Canadian Journal of European and Russian Studies, 16 (3)2023: 78-80 ISSN 2562-8429 Putin’s enemies increased over the years. keywords: european; putin; russian; studies cache: cjers-4479.pdf plain text: cjers-4479.txt item: #45 of 60 id: cjers-4486 author: Mak, Ryan title: An Evaluation of the Proposed Serbia-Kosovo Land Swap Deal and its Potential Status under Applicable International Law date: 2024 words: 10246 flesch: 48 summary: Nonetheless, its lack of ratification does not necessarily mean Kosovo is not bound by customary international human rights law (IHRL). Although no concrete plan is known currently, it is widely believed the deal would involve transferring the land of the majority ethnic Albanian municipalities of Bujanovac and Preševo (hereafter referred to as the “Preševo Valley”) in Serbia to Kosovo; while, in return, the majority ethnic Serbian region of North Kosovo, including the municipalities of North Mitrovica, Leposavić, Zvečan, and Zubin Potok would be transferred from Kosovo to Serbia. keywords: article; consent; deal; european; exchange; human; international; kosovo; land; law; population; rights; serbia; state; studies cache: cjers-4486.pdf plain text: cjers-4486.txt item: #46 of 60 id: cjers-4490 author: Viju-Miljusevic, Crina; Weinar, Agnieszka title: Gender in the EU-Canada Comprehensive Economic Trade Agreement: Third-Generation Trade Agreement as a Gateway to Policy Coordination? date: 2024 words: 9167 flesch: 35 summary: “Recognising the need to better understand the impact of trade on gender equality and women’s participation in the economy, the CETA Joint Committee recommends that the Parties start their cooperation activities by: a) Sharing methods and procedures for the collection of gender-disaggregated data, the use of indicators, monitoring and evaluation methodologies, and the analysis of gender-focused statistics related to trade; b) Exchanging experience and best practices for conducting gender-based analysis of trade policies; and c) Exploring the implication for the design and implementation of trade agreements, including CETA.”22 2. Canada and EU approaches to trade and gender in preferential trade agreements (PTAs) 2.1 Canada and EU approaches to gender and trade Canada sought to consider gender mainstreaming in its Free Trade Agreements (FTAs) by introducing gender equality chapters and other gender-related provisions into trade agreements early on during Prime Minister Justin Trudeau’s first mandate. keywords: agreement; august; business; canada; canadian; ceta; data; equality; european; gender; international; issn; journal; policy; studies; trade; trade agreement; union; women cache: cjers-4490.pdf plain text: cjers-4490.txt item: #47 of 60 id: cjers-4746 author: Karabayeva, Assylzat title: China-Central Asia Regionalization and Its Impact on the Central Asian Region and Beyond date: 2025 words: 12297 flesch: 48 summary: 30 Canadian Journal of European and Russian Studies, 18(1) 2025: 30-53 ISSN 2562-8429 China-Central Asia Regionalization and Its Impact on the Central Asian Region and Beyond Assylzat Karabayeva, KIMEP University, Kazakhstan1 Abstract Since gaining independence, Central Asian countries have maintained stable and friendly relationships with China. Additionally, Central Asian countries first stated that they recognize China as “one” and that “Taiwan is an inseparable part of Chinese territory” (Tokayev 2001). keywords: asia; belt; central; central asia; china; chinese; cooperation; countries; development; economic; european; foreign; initiative; issn; journal; kazakhstan; model; new; policy; regionalism; road; russian; states; studies; trade; uzbekistan cache: cjers-4746.pdf plain text: cjers-4746.txt item: #48 of 60 id: cjers-4761 author: Chedia, Beka title: New Regional Alignment in the Post-Soviet Space: The EU as an Active Player in the Eastern Partnership Countries (Case of Georgia) date: 2025 words: 12155 flesch: 49 summary: One member of the European Parliament, Nacho Sánchez Amor, commented on the European Council’s failure to grant Georgia EU candidate status in 2022, calling it a “geopolitical mistake” (Agenda.ge 2023). These different key concepts that the EU has applied over the years towards its EU Eastern neighbours have been based mainly on two main theories: the EU’s soft power and transformative power. keywords: caucasus; concept; council; countries; eap; eastern; european; european union; georgia; journal; membership; new; partnership; policy; power; region; russia; studies; ukraine; union cache: cjers-4761.pdf plain text: cjers-4761.txt item: #49 of 60 id: cjers-4772 author: Vershinin, Ignat title: Internarrativity of Authoritarian Rule: A Discourse Analysis of Vladimir Putin’s Speeches between 2012 and 2019 date: 2025 words: 15199 flesch: 38 summary: Consequently, many studies implicitly adopt a universalist logic that portrays Russian narratives as relatively stable constructs, such as those emphasizing “great power” status, sovereignty, or external threats (Dajani et al. 2021; Götz and Staun 2022; Maksimmon and O’Loughlin 2017). A dominant trend in the literature has been to frame Russian narratives through the lens of state- centred propaganda, disinformation, or the distortion of reality. keywords: analysis; approach; canadian; countries; discourse; european; hand; internarrativity; international; issn; journal; narratives; power; public; putin; relations; russia; studies; vladimir; world; вопросы; для; журналистов; заявления; интервью; итогам; конференция; ответы; переговоров; по итогам; президентом; пресс cache: cjers-4772.pdf plain text: cjers-4772.txt item: #50 of 60 id: cjers-4795 author: Klimovich, Stanislav; Pape, Ulla; Siewert, Markus B. title: Before the Sanctions: How Firms in Russia Institutionalized Corporate Social Responsibility date: 2025 words: 12371 flesch: 37 summary: Second, by building on neo-institutionalist theory and mechanisms of isomorphic change, it explores the global and domestic pressures that promoted CSR institutionalization in Russia’s authoritarian capitalism. Two types of mimetic isomorphism—modelling CSR activities after best international practices and path-dependent Soviet-type experiences—are crucial to explaining CSR institutionalization in Russia. keywords: authors; business; canadian; companies; company; conditions; csr; csr practices; european; institutionalization; international; issn; journal; level; practices; pressures; responsibility; russia; state; studies cache: cjers-4795.pdf plain text: cjers-4795.txt item: #51 of 60 id: cjers-4901 author: Mubinzhon, Abduvaliev; Bustillo, Ricardo; Viju-Miljusevic, Crina title: Shifting balance in Central Asia: The Role of External Actors date: 2025 words: 12557 flesch: 42 summary: However, while organizational weaknesses may pose challenges to regional cooperation in developing areas like Central Asia, forums such as the Consultative Meeting of Central Asian Heads of State exemplify how countries can come together independently to address mutual concerns effectively. From 2018 to 2023, the Consultative Meeting of Central Asian Heads of State became pivotal in reshaping regionalism in Central Asia by fostering dialogue on economic integration, security cooperation, cultural exchange, and collaboration with international organizations (Umirzakova and 6 Pomfret (2009, 54) argues that regionalization is not worth going through with in this region due to the similarity of the economies, as all CARs are specialized in a similar group of primary goods. keywords: asia; cars; central; china; cooperation; countries; development; eaeu; economic; european; integration; issn; journal; kazakhstan; kyrgyzstan; region; regionalism; road; russia; sco; security; studies; trade; union cache: cjers-4901.pdf plain text: cjers-4901.txt item: #52 of 60 id: cjers-4952 author: Silva, Flávio title: The Digital Silk Road in Europe: China’s Soft Power Maneuvers at Euro 2024 date: 2025 words: 8881 flesch: 56 summary: Bridging Theory and Practice: Digital Silk Road, Soft Power, and Public Diplomacy The BRI was first announced through two separate proposals by Xi Jinping: in September 2013, during a visit to Kazakhstan, he proposed the creation of a “new Silk Road” linking China and Central Asia (China Daily 2013a), and in October of the same year, during a visit to Indonesia, he introduced the idea of a “Maritime Silk Road” connecting China and Southeast Asia (China Daily 2013b). A few months later, during the China-EU Digital Cooperation Forum, the first official reference to the “Digital Silk Road” was made, a challenge that was reiterated during the 15th Forum on Internet Media in China, where Chinese companies and media operating online were urged to assist in expanding international trade and digital banking services along the Belt and Road (China Daily 2015). keywords: belt; bri; china; chinese; companies; digital; diplomacy; dsr; european; initiative; international; issn; journal; power; public; road; silk; sports; studies; uefa cache: cjers-4952.pdf plain text: cjers-4952.txt item: #53 of 60 id: cjers-4954 author: DeBardeleben, Joan title: Misreading Russia or Misreading Putin? A Commentary on Leigh Sarty's Article date: 2024 words: 3305 flesch: 50 summary: Tom Casier calls this idea “no great Russia without greater Russia” (Casier 2023), while Götz and Staun (2022, 491) point to the Russian leadership view that a few great powers “are entitled to have their own spheres of influence, whereas the sovereignty of smaller states in negotiable.” 139 Canadian Journal of European and Russian Studies, 17 (1)2024: 139-145 ISSN 2562-8429 Misreading Russia or Misreading Putin? keywords: european; journal; putin; russia; sarty; studies; ukraine cache: cjers-4954.pdf plain text: cjers-4954.txt item: #54 of 60 id: cjers-4967 author: Brajshori, Muhamet title: The Politicization of International Organizations: Obstruction of Kosovo's Membership by Non-Recognizing States date: 2025 words: 9280 flesch: 23 summary: The politicization of international organizations undermines their integrity and effectiveness. The article contributes to the broader debate on how member-state politicization affects the functioning of international organizations in a polarized world. keywords: accession; convention; council; customs; international; kosovo; membership; organizations; pca; recognition; states; studies; wco cache: cjers-4967.pdf plain text: cjers-4967.txt item: #55 of 60 id: cjers-4987 author: Casteel, James; DeBardeleben, Joan title: Introduction to the Special Issue date: 2024 words: 1014 flesch: 30 summary: The article “Misreading Russia” by Leigh Sarty, a seasoned foreign policy expert, provides an interpretive analysis of the authoritarian path that Russia has taken under Vladimir Putin that led to Russia’s current war against Ukraine and what he views as the failure of some Western countries to anticipate it. In honour of the fiftieth anniversary of the Institute of European, Russian, and Eurasian Studies (EURUS) at Carleton University in Ottawa, Canada, the Canadian Journal of European and Russian Studies is producing a special journal issue featuring research articles authored or co- authored by present and past faculty members and research associates of the Institute. keywords: canada; russia cache: cjers-4987.pdf plain text: cjers-4987.txt item: #56 of 60 id: cjers-5047 author: Verellen, Thomas title: Parliamentary Influence on Sanctions Policy in Canada, the US and the EU date: 2025 words: 12008 flesch: 48 summary: Moreover, the ability of national parliaments to influence EU sanctions policy cannot be taken for granted. Across the Atlantic, the academic literature pays little attention to how the US Congress affects US sanctions policy. keywords: act; canada; canadian; congress; council; european; executive; foreign; journal; june; law; parliament; policy; powers; president; role; russian; sanctions; sanctions policy; studies; union cache: cjers-5047.pdf plain text: cjers-5047.txt item: #57 of 60 id: cjers-5059 author: Goode, Paul title: Misreading Russian Studies: A Response to Sarty date: 2024 words: 5349 flesch: 50 summary: Realists Also Get Russia Wrong A second issue with the perspective offered in Sarty’s essay is that it treats regime survival as synonymous with state survival. Failed Crusade: America and the Tragedy of Post-Communist Russia. keywords: european; history; journal; policy; putin; research; russia; sarty; soviet; studies; ukraine; war; west cache: cjers-5059.pdf plain text: cjers-5059.txt item: #58 of 60 id: cjers-5061 author: Orlando, Vittorio; Conrad, Maximilian title: Brexit as a Driver of European Disintegration: Institutional Reform and Differentiated Integration date: 2025 words: 12397 flesch: 41 summary: The article contributes to the literature on European disintegration and differentiated integration by addressing the causal impact of Brexit as a driver of flexible institutional designs to meet the diverging demands of EU member states. This outcome aligns with the conventional understanding of EU integration, corresponding to the “more integration/less differentiation” scenario outlined in Table 1, where deeper cooperation prevails over fragmentation. keywords: brexit; canadian; differentiation; disintegration; european; european union; impact; integration; issn; journal; level; member; member states; policy; referendum; security; states; studies; union cache: cjers-5061.pdf plain text: cjers-5061.txt item: #59 of 60 id: cjers-5079 author: Daryaee Motlagh, Ebrahim title: Crisis in Russian-American Diplomacy: Boris Yeltsin, Bill Clinton and the 1998 Bombing of Iraq date: 2025 words: 8911 flesch: 51 summary: In doing so, declassified communications between US President Bill Clinton and Boris Yeltsin were reviewed following a discussion of American and Russian foreign policy towards the Iraq crisis. As will be discussed later, another key but problematic aspect of this doctrine was non-intervention, which highlighted Russia’s opposition to US military campaigns in the Middle East. keywords: clinton; crisis; european; foreign; government; iraq; policy; relations; russian; saddam; soviet; states; studies; united; yeltsin cache: cjers-5079.pdf plain text: cjers-5079.txt item: #60 of 60 id: cjers-5217 author: Viju-Miljusevic, Crina title: Competing Visions and New Regional Order in Central Asia and Caucasus date: 2025 words: 1066 flesch: 31 summary: The contribution “External Forces in Central Asia: Shaping the Regional Balance” by Mubinzhon Abduvaliev, Ricardo Bustillo, and Crina Viju-Miljusevic explores the influence of external powers on regional cooperation in Central Asia. In contrast to the arguments presented by Abduvaliev, Bustillo and Viju-Miljusevic, Karabayeva asserts that regional cooperation in Central Asia exists as a result of China’s indirect, recipient-driven influence. keywords: central; china; european cache: cjers-5217.pdf plain text: cjers-5217.txt