# bib

id: cannabis-34
author: Patrick, Megan E.; Lee, Christine M.
title: Cross-faded: Young Adults' Language of Being Simultaneously Drunk and High
date: 2018
pages: 6
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 2781
sentence: 153
flesch: 64
cache: cache/cannabis-34.pdf
txt: txt/cannabis-34.txt
summary:
  Slightly desirable 21.6 21.9 24.9 18.0 21.9 2.9 (1.7) 2.5 (2.4) Moderately desirable 12.1 14.4 11.9 13.9 13.1 3.3 (1.6) 4.2 (2.6) Very desirable 3.8 7.2 4.5 5.1 5.6 3.9 (1.9) 4.1 (2.7) Cross-faded risk <0.001 0.010 <0.001 <0.001 Not risky 3.4* 8.7 10.5b,c 4.6a 3.7a 3.0 (2.0) 3.7 (2.9) Slightly risky 14.0* 19.8 16.4 14.4 17.3 3.1 (1.6) 2.7 (2.6) METHOD Participants and Procedures Project Transitions is a longitudinal study based in greater Seattle, WA that explores young adult social role transitions and alcohol use.


id: cannabis-15
author: Robinson, Jeffrey A.; Somasegar, Sahana; Shivapour, Jill K.; Snyder, Christopher S.
title: ECG Findings in Pediatric Patients under the Influence of Marijuana
date: 2018
pages: 7
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 3171
sentence: 195
flesch: 51
cache: cache/cannabis-15.pdf
txt: txt/cannabis-15.txt
summary:
  Regardless, the effects of marijuana use in children and adolescents in particular have not been extensively studied. The true mechanism of arrhythmia associated with marijuana use may be multifactorial.


id: cannabis-77
author: Bilaonova, Aksinya; Phillips, Joy; Anderson, Kristen
title: Comparison of CBD and Cannabis Use Motives
date: 2021
pages: 9
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 4409
sentence: 229
flesch: 61
cache: cache/cannabis-77.pdf
txt: txt/cannabis-77.txt
summary:
  -8.6 <0.0001 Cost per week ($) M = 25.8; SD = 30.6 M = 35.8; SD = 46.2 -1.9 0.06 Note: Edibles = consumption in food or beverages; * Euphoria was listed as a side effect of CBD use; however, it was not included in the total number of side effects for either CBD or cannabis in this analysis as it may be the desired effect of cannabis use; Statistically significant differences highlighted in bold (Bonferroni correct p < .0019). Despite the surge in popularity, little remains known about individual motives and patterns of CBD use.


id: cannabis-42
author: Magnan, Renee E.; Ladd, Benjamin O.
date: 2019
pages: 8
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 4251
sentence: 246
flesch: 55
cache: cache/cannabis-42.pdf
txt: txt/cannabis-42.txt
title:
  â€œItâ€™s all goodâ€: Perceived benefits but not perceived risks or worries among adult marijuana users

summary:
  The goal of this study was to describe perceptions of risks, benefits, and worry related to personal marijuana use and to identify the extent to which these beliefs were associated with marijuana use and problem severity. These perceptions have implications for choosing to engage in marijuana use.


id: cannabis-86
author: Hard, Gregory; Jones, Abenaa; Das, Abhery; Johnson, Julie
title: Medical Cannabis Laws and Adolescent Alcohol Use Initiation
date: 2022
pages: 10
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 4911
sentence: 238
flesch: 56
cache: cache/cannabis-86.pdf
txt: txt/cannabis-86.txt
summary:
  Data Analysis Logistic regression models assessed associations between MCLs and varying ages of alcohol use initiation, race/ethnicity, and gender cohorts. First, much of the existing research examines alcohol consumption and alcohol use among adolescents, but does not evaluate the age of alcohol initiation.


id: cannabis-45
author: Johnson, Mark B.
date: 2019
pages: 7
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 3835
sentence: 241
flesch: 52
cache: cache/cannabis-45.pdf
txt: txt/cannabis-45.txt
title:
  A Feasibility Test of the In Vivo Driving Impairment Research Method: Examining Cannabinoid Concentrations as Predictors of Risky Drinking

summary:
  In other words, subjects provided one or two saliva samples per trip, and we only examined driving data collected in close proximity to the drug results. We tested the hypothesis that measuring and modeling cannabidiol (CBD) would improve prediction of driving impairment beyond simply looking at delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC).


id: cannabis-73
author: Parnes, Jamie; Kentopp, Shane; Sommerfeld, Joshua; Conner, Bradley
title: The Relation Between Impulsivity and Estimation of Marijuana Weight
date: 2021
pages: 9
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 5113
sentence: 297
flesch: 49
cache: cache/cannabis-73.pdf
txt: txt/cannabis-73.txt
summary:
  Most researchers would and do argue that when we measure marijuana use, we are attempting to measure the quantity of cannabinoids ingested, not how often marijuana is used (Freeman & Lorenzetti, 2020). Despite the importance of measuring both frequency and quantity consumed to depict marijuana use most accurately, as noted, most studies solely rely on reported frequency.


id: cannabis-41
author: Nelson, D. Margo; Douglas, Janet; Sunga, Paul S. ; Smith, Daryl J.
date: 2020
pages: 11
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 5847
sentence: 312
flesch: 56
cache: cache/cannabis-41.pdf
txt: txt/cannabis-41.txt
title:
  Cannabis and College Students in British Columbia: Attitudes, Patterns of Consumption and Perception of Harm

summary:
  25% of student cannabis users thought that cannabis use harmed their work or school function. While societal acceptance of cannabis use may be changing, studies on the effects of cannabis on adolescents and young adults are raising concerns.


id: cannabis-60
author: Shrier, Lydia A.; Xuan, Ziming; Harris, Sion Kim
title: Changes in Cannabis Use-Related Factors Prior to a Self-Quit Attempt in Young Adults
date: 2020
pages: 10
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 5713
sentence: 244
flesch: 55
cache: cache/cannabis-60.pdf
txt: txt/cannabis-60.txt
summary:
  In summary, young adults preparing to quit cannabis demonstrated changes in advance of quitting that may reflect preparatory actions; only reducing cannabis use before a quit date predicted success with attempting abstinence. RESULTS Several factors related to cannabis use significantly changed from two weeks to one week prior to the self-quit attempt (Table 1).


id: cannabis-50
author: Krishnamoorthy, Dhurga; Kaminer, Yifrah
date: 2020
pages: 8
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 4079
sentence: 233
flesch: 50
cache: cache/cannabis-50.pdf
txt: txt/cannabis-50.txt
title:
  The Effects of Prenatal Exposure to Marijuana on Early Childhood Development: A Systematic Literature Review

summary:
  Microsoft Word - v3i1a2_FINAL.docx Review Article 11 ABSTRACT To assess the effect of prenatal marijuana exposure (PME) on the newborn, infant and early childhood development through review of current literature. Although marijuana has been the most commonly used illicit drug during pregnancy, the effect of prenatal marijuana exposure (PME) on the offspring has been understudied.


id: cannabis-28
title: cannabis-28
pages: 11
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 6445
sentence: 357
flesch: 57
cache: cache/cannabis-28.pdf
txt: txt/cannabis-28.txt
summary:
  The increase in users, combined with the ongoing changes in the medical, legal and social status of cannabis, has contributed to interest in the antecedents of cannabis use. Assessments included perceived self-efficacy for reducing intake or abstaining (SE-R/A), use of cannabis protective strategies (CPS), and average quantity of cannabis use per day.


id: cannabis-79
author: Stevens, Elise; Leshner, Glenn; Cohn, Amy; Kim, Seunghyun; Wagener, Theodore
title: How marijuana use status affects responses to anti-marijuana messages
date: 2021
pages: 16
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 8077
sentence: 452
flesch: 56
cache: cache/cannabis-79.pdf
txt: txt/cannabis-79.txt
summary:
  Specifically, cannabis users reported significantly lower message liking for cognitive ability messages (b = -0.49, p < .05) and for health harms messages (b = -0.53, p < .001). For example, one meta- analysis examining health messages found that messages that elicited an unpleasant emotional response (step 3 in the persuasion matrix), triggered perceptions of the product (step 4), and eventually had the ability to impact behavior change, step 5 (Witte & Allen, 2000).


id: cannabis-37
author: Lisano, Jonathon K.; Phillips, Kristina T.; Smith, Jeremy D.; Barnes, Matthew J.; Stewart, Laura K.
title: Patterns and Perceptions of Cannabis Use with Physical Activity
date: 2019
pages: 14
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 9243
sentence: 403
flesch: 56
cache: cache/cannabis-37.pdf
txt: txt/cannabis-37.txt
summary:
  Results from this study revealed that 92% of survey participants reported cannabis use before PA, suggesting that more research to ascertain the effects of acute cannabis use on PA performance may be necessary. The purpose of this study was to assess the frequency, methods of ingestion, strain types, and timing (before, during or after) of cannabis use in combination with PA.


id: cannabis-94
author: Ramirez, Jason; Chu, Li-Hui ; Wallace, Elliot; Jaffe, Anna
date: 2021
pages: 8
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 4160
sentence: 197
flesch: 52
cache: cache/cannabis-94.pdf
txt: txt/cannabis-94.txt
title:
  Retrospective Recall of Marijuana Use Patterns Following the COVID-19 Outbreak Vary as a Function of User Type Among Adolescents in Washington State

summary:
  The cross-sectional survey included self-reported demographic information, marijuana use, and retrospective recall of changes to marijuana use following the state’s stay-at-home order. The findings suggest that pandemic-related changes in marijuana use are not consistent across adolescents and that moderate and heavy users may be at increased risk of marijuana misuse under pandemic conditions.


id: cannabis-123
author: Padon, Alisa; Young-Wolff, Kelly; Avalos, Lyndsay; Silver, Lynn
date: 2022
pages: 14
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 8455
sentence: 473
flesch: 52
cache: cache/cannabis-123.pdf
txt: txt/cannabis-123.txt
title:
  Local Laws Regulating Cannabis in California Two Years Post Legalization: Assessing Incorporation of Lessons from Tobacco Control

summary:
  There have been mixed findings on the effects of legalization on cannabis use among certain populations more vulnerable to harms such as youth, pregnant women and individuals at risk for cannabis use disorder (Ammerman et al., 2015; Anderson et al., 2019; Berg et al., 2018; Cerdá et al., 2017, 2019; Chu, 2014; Coley et al., 2019; Dilley et al., 2018; Schlienz & Lee, 2018; Shi, 2016; Stolzenberg et al., 2016), perhaps due in part to varied research methods and cannabis policy environments across the U.S. (Berg et al., 2018). In a 2017 meta-analysis, the National Academies of Science, Engineering and Medicine (NASEM) found substantial evidence supporting an association between cannabis use and serious harms such as psychosis, schizophrenia, and cannabis use disorder, among others, especially when use is initiated during adolescence and used frequently (National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine, 2017).


id: cannabis-85
author: Clary, Kelly; Habbal, Megan; Smith, Douglas; Fratila, Iulia
date: 2021
pages: 16
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 10312
sentence: 620
flesch: 56
cache: cache/cannabis-85.pdf
txt: txt/cannabis-85.txt
title:
  The Green Sheep: Exploring the Perceived Risks and Benefits of Cannabis Among Young Military Members and Veterans

summary:
  Studies have found that veterans are more likely to report cannabis use compared to nonveterans. Helping professionals encounter veterans who use cannabis and must consider military cultural factors and attitudes towards cannabis that may influence or exacerbate cannabis use.


id: cannabis-108
author: Phillips, Kristina; Prince, Mark; Phillips, Michael; Lalonde, Trent; Stein, Michael
date: 2021
pages: 17
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 9304
sentence: 486
flesch: 56
cache: cache/cannabis-108.pdf
txt: txt/cannabis-108.txt
title:
  Momentary patterns of alcohol and cannabis co-use in college students: Assessing the temporal association with anxiety 

summary:
  EMA Data Sources The EMA protocol consisted of 11 questions that were sent via the Life Data app and included items related to cannabis use, alcohol use, social context, anxiety, mood, cannabis craving, exercise, and academics. At each EMA instance, we categorized instances of substance “usage” as: 1) no use, 2) cannabis-only, 3) alcohol-only, or 4) co-use of alcohol and cannabis (i.e., reports of alcohol and cannabis use within the same prompt).


id: cannabis-80
author: Isaacs, Jason; MacKinnon, Sean; Joyce, Kayla; Stewart, Sherry
title: Reactivity to Daily Self-Monitoring of Cannabis Use in Biological Females
date: 2021
pages: 14
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 7020
sentence: 358
flesch: 50
cache: cache/cannabis-80.pdf
txt: txt/cannabis-80.txt
summary:
  We examined objective reactivity of cannabis use to daily self-monitoring by assessing changes in daily cannabis use over 32 days. Data were aggregated across all 30 days in creating one value per participant (N = 88) with four variables of interest: Sum of non-use days (i.e., scores of zero), sum of days with missing data (out of 30), quantity used (per day), and probability of use (a proportion of cannabis use days: cannabis use days / days completed).


id: cannabis-64
author: Barach, Eliza; Slavin, Melissa N; Earleywine, Mitch
title: Cannabis and Vulvodynia Symptoms: A Preliminary Report
date: 2020
pages: 9
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 4589
sentence: 268
flesch: 50
cache: cache/cannabis-64.pdf
txt: txt/cannabis-64.txt
summary:
  In addition, we examined the relation between cannabis treatment expectancies, monthly cannabis use and vulvodynia pain symptom severity as well as their impact on cannabis-related problems. Few studies address cannabis’s potential to treat vulvodynia symptoms despite their dramatic impact on quality of life.


id: cannabis-63
author: Risi, Megan M; Sokolovsky, Alexander W; White, Helene R; Jackson, Kristina M
date: 2020
pages: 9
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 5057
sentence: 270
flesch: 61
cache: cache/cannabis-63.pdf
txt: txt/cannabis-63.txt
title:
  Factor Structure of the Cannabis Use Disorders Identification Test Revised (CUDIT-R) for Men and Women

summary:
  However, intercepts were non-invariant for an item asking about consumption of cannabis use indicating that the endorsement of this item varied between men and women. Men and women differ in rates of cannabis use and progression to cannabis use disorder (CUD).


id: cannabis-25
title: cannabis-25
pages: 13
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 6426
sentence: 278
flesch: 52
cache: cache/cannabis-25.pdf
txt: txt/cannabis-25.txt
summary:
  Medical vs. Recreational vs. Non-Exclusive Medical/Recreational Users To compare medical cannabis users, recreational cannabis users, and mixed recreational/medical cannabis users’ DUIC beliefs, practices, and incidents, participants who reported using cannabis for exclusively recreational purposes (n = 664; 37.6%), for exclusively medical purposes (n = 541; 30.6%), or for both medical and recreational purposes (n = 557; 31.5%), were selected. The goal of this study was to examine the percentage of cannabis users who believe DUIC is safe, who drive within one hour of using cannabis, and who have experienced a DUIC-related incident (i.e., ticket/accident).


id: cannabis-53
author: Mian, Maha N.; Altman, Brianna R.; Earleywine, Mitch
date: 2019
pages: 9
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 4822
sentence: 300
flesch: 55
cache: cache/cannabis-53.pdf
txt: txt/cannabis-53.txt
title:
  Who Volunteers for Cannabis Research? Examining potential research participation in cannabis research among emerging adults

summary:
  Finally, the current study presented participants with a survey of hypothetical scenarios; future work should utilize a diverse range of methods to examine participation trends in substance use research. This present work provides important context for substance use research in the emerging adult population.


id: cannabis-40
author: Douglas, Janet; Nelson, D. Margo; Sunga, Paul S.; Smith, Daryl J.
title: Cannabis Use and Baby Boomers: Attitudes and Patterns of Consumption
date: 2020
pages: 10
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 5667
sentence: 264
flesch: 58
cache: cache/cannabis-40.pdf
txt: txt/cannabis-40.txt
summary:
  The present study examines the patterns of cannabis use in Canada among those born between 1946 and 1964, the so-called “Baby Boom” generation. This study was undertaken in order to better understand the motivations or inhibitions of Baby Boomer with respect to cannabis use decisions, as well as to explore their opinions about the effects of cannabis use on their health and cognitive and physical well-being.


id: cannabis-33
author: Spradlin, Alexander; Cuttler, Carrie
title: Problems Associated with Using Cannabis to Cope with Stress
date: 2019
pages: 10
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 5251
sentence: 285
flesch: 57
cache: cache/cannabis-33.pdf
txt: txt/cannabis-33.txt
summary:
  The overall goal of the present study was to further elucidate the nature of this link by examining whether cannabis use motives (e.g., using cannabis to cope with negative affect) mediate the putative associations between stress (early life stress, chronic stress) and cannabis (frequency of cannabis use, problematic cannabis use). A sample of 578 cannabis-using college students completed an anonymous online survey designed to measure early life stress, chronic stress, frequency of cannabis use, and problematic cannabis use.


id: cannabis-58
author: Vedelago, Lana; Metrik, Jane; Amlung, Michael
title: Differentiating Medicinal and Recreational Cannabis Users via Cannabis Use Motives
date: 2020
pages: 12
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 6591
sentence: 352
flesch: 50
cache: cache/cannabis-58.pdf
txt: txt/cannabis-58.txt
summary:
  Of note, relief of anxiety was one of the most highly endorsed reasons for medicinal cannabis use in our sample. First, alcohol-related cannabis use motives (e.g., using cannabis “because you were drunk”) significantly predicted recreational cannabis use.


id: cannabis-14
author: Vidourek, Rebecca A.; King, Keith A.; Burbage, Michelle
title: Beyond the bong: Edible marijuana use among college students
date: 2018
pages: 9
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 5123
sentence: 303
flesch: 60
cache: cache/cannabis-14.pdf
txt: txt/cannabis-14.txt
summary:
  The present study examines edible marijuana use among college students and attitudes towards use and legalization. Such high rates of edible marijuana use may be a cause for concern for health professionals.


id: cannabis-11
author: White, Helene R.; Anderson, Kristen G.; Beardslee, Jordan
date: 2018
pages: 13
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 7440
sentence: 396
flesch: 61
cache: cache/cannabis-11.pdf
txt: txt/cannabis-11.txt
title:
  Stress as a Moderator of the Effects of Coping Motives on Alcohol and Marijuana Use in Young Adulthood

summary:
  Crossover Analyses Table 3 shows the same main effects models for crossover effects, that is, marijuana motives predicting alcohol use and alcohol motives predicting marijuana use. Hierarchical regression analyses indicated that stronger alcohol coping motives were significantly related to greater frequency and quantity of alcohol use at ages 26 and 29 and stronger marijuana coping motives were significantly related to greater frequency of marijuana use at age 26 but not 29.


id: cannabis-66
author: King, Shelby A; Elder, Sarah N; Teeters, Jenni B
title: Negative Cannabis Expectancies are Associated with Driving after Cannabis Use
date: 2020
pages: 7
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 3658
sentence: 200
flesch: 46
cache: cache/cannabis-66.pdf
txt: txt/cannabis-66.txt
summary:
  Additionally, the present study examined whether a significant association between negative cannabis expectancies and DACU remains when perceived dangerousness of DACU and perceived driving-related peer approval are included in the model. Based on Aston and colleagues (2016) findings in a sample with similar cannabis use frequencies, it was hypothesized that negative cannabis expectancies would not be associated with decreased likelihood of DACU when perceived dangerousness and perceived peer approval were included in the model.


id: cannabis-65
author: Firth, Caislin L; Carlini, Beatriz H; Dilley, Julia A; Wakefield, Jon; Hajat, Anjum
title: What About Equity? Neighborhood Deprivation and Cannabis Retailers in Portland, Oregon
date: 2020
pages: 16
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 7107
sentence: 349
flesch: 42
cache: cache/cannabis-65.pdf
txt: txt/cannabis-65.txt
summary:
  Key words: cannabis retailers, inequity, neighborhood area deprivation, spatial epidemiology, cannabis policy, built environment, land use, cannabis legalization, marijuana legalization, equity By the summer of 2019, eleven U.S. states and the District of Columbia have legalized non- medical cannabis use for adults, and a majority of states have legalized some form of cannabis for medical use; however, cannabis use, possession and sales remain illegal at the federal level. This study uses integrated nested Laplace approximation (INLA) spatial regression to estimate the association between neighborhood deprivation and the distribution of cannabis retailers in city-defined neighborhoods in Portland, Oregon, September 2017.


id: cannabis-99
author: Anthenien, Amber; Prince, Mark; Wallace, Gemma; Jenzer, Tiffany; Neighbors, Clayton
date: 2021
pages: 16
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 8379
sentence: 444
flesch: 49
cache: cache/cannabis-99.pdf
txt: txt/cannabis-99.txt
title:
  Cannabis Outcome Expectancies, Cannabis Use Motives, and Cannabis Use among a Small Sample of Frequent Using Adults

summary:
  Frequent cannabis use in large doses has been associated with more negative consequences, such as increased risk of cancer (e.g., Hall, 2015) and neurocognitive impairments (Figueiredo et al., 2020), yet most research on cannabis use is conducted with low- or moderate- using participants. Outcome expectancies and motives for cannabis use have been independently examined in relation to cannabis use, but not among frequent users.


id: cannabis-78
author: Smith, Gregory; Satino, John; Satino
title: Hair Regrowth with Cannabidiol (CBD)-rich Hemp Extract: A Case Series
date: 2021
pages: 7
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 4236
sentence: 241
flesch: 61
cache: cache/cannabis-78.pdf
txt: txt/cannabis-78.txt
summary:
  The predefined endpoints were hair counts obtained in a defined, representative area of scalp hair loss, and investigator clinical assessment of hair growth. Topical application of CBD reaches hair follicles where it is a CB1 negative modulator, and TRPV1, and TRPV4 agonist.


id: cannabis-90
author: Das, Abhery; Johnson, Julie; Hard, Gregory; Jones, Abenaa
title: State Medical Marijuana Laws and Initiation of Cigarettes among Adolescents in the U.S., 1991-2015
date: 2021
pages: 9
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 4714
sentence: 255
flesch: 59
cache: cache/cannabis-90.pdf
txt: txt/cannabis-90.txt
summary:
  Although cigarette use has declined among adolescents, marijuana use has increased in subgroups of this population. The relation between MMLs and cigarette initiation rather than cigarette use among adolescents, however, remains unknown.


id: cannabis-32
author: Morean, Meghan E.; Butler, Ellyn R.
date: 2019
pages: 18
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 8157
sentence: 410
flesch: 52
cache: cache/cannabis-32.pdf
txt: txt/cannabis-32.txt
title:
  The Medical Cannabis Expectancy Questionnaire: Adult medical marijuana users' expectancies associated with combustible, vaporized, and edible cannabis use for medical purposes

summary:
  Further, given the documented differences between MC products (e.g., delayed onset of effects associated with consuming edibles), the ability to differentiate between products may provide a more comprehensive understanding of MC use. The Medical Cannabis Expectancy Questionnaire Smoking Vaping Edibles Confused ☐ ☐ ☐ Unable to Concentrate ☐ ☐ ☐ Paranoid ☐ ☐ ☐ Jumpy ☐ ☐ ☐ Anxious ☐ ☐ ☐ Depressed ☐ ☐ ☐ Out of Control ☐ ☐ ☐ Dizzy ☐ ☐ ☐ Nauseous ☐ ☐ ☐ Guilty ☐ ☐ ☐ Hear/see things that aren't really there ☐ ☐ ☐ Cry ☐ ☐ ☐ Irritable ☐ ☐ ☐ Happy ☐ ☐ ☐ Energetic ☐ ☐ ☐ Creative ☐ ☐ ☐ Euphoric ☐ ☐ ☐ Mellow ☐ ☐ ☐ Sociable ☐ ☐ ☐ Confident ☐ ☐ ☐ Increased Sex Drive ☐ ☐ ☐ Relaxed ☐ ☐ ☐ Pain Relief ☐ ☐ ☐ Hungry ☐ ☐ ☐ Settled Stomach ☐ ☐ ☐ Calm ☐ ☐ ☐ Sleep


id: cannabis-148
date: 2023
pages: 16
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 9077
sentence: 403
flesch: 49
cache: cache/cannabis-148.pdf
txt: txt/cannabis-148.txt
author:
  Williams, Michael; Mahlan, Matthew; Holmes, Connor; Pankowska, Magdalena; Kaur, Manjot; Ilegbusi, Aderonke; Haley, Danielle F.

title:
  Accuracy Differences in Cannabis Retailer Information Ascertained from Webservices and Government-maintained State Registries across US States Legalizing the Sale of Cannabis in 2019

summary:
  For each state in both the webservice dataset and the government-maintained registry dataset, the data were first sorted by census tract and then ~10% of the data were sequentially sampled. Cannabis, A Publication of the Research Society on Marijuana 143 By State The accuracy of operating status and location information within webservice and government- maintained cannabis retailer data was compared across states.


id: cannabis-16
title: cannabis-16
pages: 17
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 8597
sentence: 489
flesch: 48
cache: cache/cannabis-16.pdf
txt: txt/cannabis-16.txt
summary:
  Attitudes, social norms, and broadband impulsivity have demonstrated consistent, independent relations with increased cannabis use; however, relations among approval and social norms, narrowband impulsivity, and cannabis use remain elusive. Consistent with the alcohol literature, this research highlights the importance of examining approval and social norms as proximal predictors of cannabis use, particularly as it is relevant for developing efficacious clinical interventions to reduce cannabis use by employing personalized normative feedback.


id: cannabis-31
author: Kearns, Nathan T.; Cloutier, Renee M.; Carey, Caitlyn; Contractor, Ateka A.; Blumenthal, Heidemarie
date: 2019
pages: 14
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 7440
sentence: 324
flesch: 46
cache: cache/cannabis-31.pdf
txt: txt/cannabis-31.txt
title:
  Alcohol and Marijuana Polysubstance Use: Comparison of PTSD Symptom Endorsement and Severity Patterns

summary:
  Symptom Level Analyses Symptom level profile analysis for the PTSD intrusion symptoms indicated no main effect of substance use group (F[1,527] = 0.18, p = .672) and that parallelism between the groups was tenable (F[4,2108] = 0.48, p = .749). For example, only 3.4% of trauma-exposed participants in our larger sample (n = 1,029) reported only using marijuana in the past month (i.e., no alcohol or other substance use), meaning that any evaluation of “past-month marijuana use” participants would actually be overwhelmingly comprised of alcohol-marijuana polysubstance users.


id: cannabis-35
author: Testa, Maria; Wang, Weijun; Derrick, Jaye L; Leonard, Kenneth E.
title: Marijuana Use Episodes and Partner Intimacy Experiences: A Daily Report Study
date: 2019
pages: 10
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 6209
sentence: 326
flesch: 58
cache: cache/cannabis-35.pdf
txt: txt/cannabis-35.txt
summary:
  Men reported more marijuana episodes and days of marijuana use (4,017 events, mean = 18.46 marijuana use days, range = 0–30, SD = 9.45) than women (3,512 events, mean = 16.10 marijuana use days, range = 0-30, SD = 10.20), t(10,978) = 12.232, p < .001. Although marijuana use has been linked to negative consequences for intimate relationships, an emerging literature suggests that under some circumstances it may have positive consequences.


id: cannabis-84
author: Pritschmann, Ricarda K.; Gebru, Nioud Mulugeta; Litt, Dana M.; Zhou, Zhengyang; Lewis, Melissa A.
date: 2022
pages: 16
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 8042
sentence: 395
flesch: 55
cache: cache/cannabis-84.pdf
txt: txt/cannabis-84.txt
title:
  Are Drinking Cognitions Associated with Marijuana and Concurrent Alcohol and Marijuana Use among Adolescents and Young Adults?

summary:
  Email: rpritschmann@ufl.edu Alcohol Cognitions and Substance Use 60 Unlike alcohol use, marijuana use has increased in the past decade among adolescents (ages 15 – 18 years) and young adults (ages 18 – 29 years; Johnston et al., 2020, Schulenberg et al., 2020). Research further indicates that marijuana use likely has a substitutionary and complimentary relation with alcohol use (O’Hara et al., 2016), but it is more likely that marijuana is used as a complement to alcohol among 14-20 year-olds (Pape et al., 2009).


id: cannabis-76
author: Hummer, Justin; Seelam, Rachana; Pedersen, Eric; Tucker, Joan; Klein, David; D'Amico, Elizabeth
date: 2021
pages: 13
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 8491
sentence: 371
flesch: 57
cache: cache/cannabis-76.pdf
txt: txt/cannabis-76.txt
title:
  Why young adults obtain a medical marijuana card: Associations with health symptoms and heaviness of use

summary:
  We examined how these MM groups compared to each other, and how they compared to a large and racially/ethnically diverse sample of young adults who reported recreational marijuana use on their frequency and quantity of marijuana use, marijuana-related problems and risk, and several domains of functioning corresponding to conditions for which MM card holders acquired their cards (i.e., mental health, sleep quality, and physical health). Nonmedical versus medical marijuana use among three age groups of adults: Associations with mental and physical health status.


id: cannabis-22
title: cannabis-22
pages: 12
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 6563
sentence: 327
flesch: 48
cache: cache/cannabis-22.pdf
txt: txt/cannabis-22.txt
summary:
  Additionally, given that participants varied in terms of level of insight concerning problematic cannabis use or CUD, the research assistant explained that while quitting or cutting back cannabis use was not required, participation requires a willingness to examine how depression and cannabis use patterns may relate to one another, and consider changing cannabis use. In terms of cannabis treatment goals, 15% of participants reported that their objective was “to not use at all” and the remaining endorsed the following goal: “to use marijuana only in certain ways,” The average baseline rating for changing cannabis use as a goal was 53.5 (SD=26.3) out of 100, indicating that it was of moderate importance.


id: cannabis-153
author: Maynard, Madison; Paulson, Daniel; Dunn, Michael; Dvorak, Robert
date: 2023
pages: 8
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 4555
sentence: 239
flesch: 56
cache: cache/cannabis-153.pdf
txt: txt/cannabis-153.txt
title:
  Relationship Between Cannabis Use and Immediate, Delayed, and Working Memory Performance Among Older Adults

summary:
  The primary limitation to this study was its sample size – although cannabis use was assessed among many respondents, cannabis use groups were largely variant in size. Past research identified cognitive effects of cannabis use among adolescents and young adults that can persist for several weeks after intoxication, though little is known about how these effects generalize to older adults.


id: cannabis-20
title: cannabis-20
pages: 15
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 7981
sentence: 368
flesch: 56
cache: cache/cannabis-20.pdf
txt: txt/cannabis-20.txt
summary:
  Using independent samples t-tests, we then compared veterans who screened positive for depression using the PHQ-8 criterion score of 10 (Kroenke et al., 2009) to those who did not screen positive for depression on marijuana use, marijuana use consequences, and protective strategies. To evaluate our third key question, we ran two regression models predicting marijuana use and marijuana use consequences.


id: cannabis-27
title: cannabis-27
pages: 14
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 8926
sentence: 343
flesch: 50
cache: cache/cannabis-27.pdf
txt: txt/cannabis-27.txt
summary:
  To date, however, there are very few studies addressing how proximity to and density of marijuana dispensaries may affect adolescent and adult marijuana use (Freisthler & Gruenewald, 2014; The Difficulty with Locating Dispensaries in Los Angeles County Los Angeles County represents an area where it is particularly difficult to locate and count marijuana dispensaries given that it is a very large area and there are no city level records as of the time of this writing.


id: cannabis-17
title: cannabis-17
pages: 8
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 4381
sentence: 221
flesch: 54
cache: cache/cannabis-17.pdf
txt: txt/cannabis-17.txt
summary:
  For our sample, only injunctive norms for regular marijuana use (injunctive norms-R) was uniquely associated with marijuana use, whereas overall injunctive norms were not. Comparing injunctive marijuana use norms of salient reference groups among college student marijuana users and nonusers.


id: cannabis-52
author: Conner, Special Section Editor: Bradley T
date: 2019
pages: 46
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 28835
sentence: 1106
flesch: 42
cache: cache/cannabis-52.pdf
txt: txt/cannabis-52.txt
title:
  Abstracts from the 2018 Scientific Meeting of the Research Society on Marijuana July 28th-30th, 2018 Fort Collins, Colorado

summary:
  Previous studies have described the direct positive association between marijuana use motives (MUMs) (i.e., social, coping, enhancement, conformity, expansion), marijuana use, and marijuana-related consequences (MRC). Although epidemiological work has primarily emphasized sociodemographic characteristics (e.g., sex) associated with marijuana use (Pacek et al., 2015), a burgeoning literature also has focused on the impact of trauma exposure and posttraumatic stress.


id: cannabis-30
title: cannabis-30
pages: 46
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 28937
sentence: 1117
flesch: 43
cache: cache/cannabis-30.pdf
txt: txt/cannabis-30.txt
summary:
  Specifically, we examined marijuana PBS use as a mediator and moderator of the effects of gender, age of first use, impulsivity-like traits, and marijuana use motives on marijuana use frequency and marijuana-related consequences in a large sample of college students (n = 2,093 past month marijuana users across 11 universities). Perceived Norms Moderate the Effects of Individual Differences in Sensation-Seeking on Marijuana Use Amber M. Anthenien, Bradley T. Conner, Clayton Neighbors, & Marijuana Outcomes Study Team University of Houston & Colorado State University Sensation-seeking has been established as a consistent predictor of marijuana use among college students.


id: cannabis-119
author: Mian, Maha Noor; Vogel, Matt; Altman, Brianna; Ueno, Luna; Earleywine, Mitch
title: Policing Pot: State-Level Cannabis Arrests Increase Perceived Risks and Costs but Not Use
date: 2022
pages: 10
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 6080
sentence: 384
flesch: 54
cache: cache/cannabis-119.pdf
txt: txt/cannabis-119.txt
summary:
  v5i2a4_authors_FINAL Research Article 40 Ved ABSTRACT Legal sanctions are purported to play a role in cannabis use and related consequences. Arrest rates were not associated with cannabis use (b = -.25


id: cannabis-44
author: Hanzal, Nacera; Joyce, Kayla M.; Tibbo, Philip G.; Stewart, Sherry H.
title: A Pilot Daily Diary Study of Changes in Stress and Cannabis Use Quantity Across the Menstrual Cycle
date: 2019
pages: 15
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 8294
sentence: 446
flesch: 52
cache: cache/cannabis-44.pdf
txt: txt/cannabis-44.txt
summary:
  Moreover, the fact that the difference in stress and cannabis use levels reported premenstrually were both relative to the ovulatory phase (and to the follicular phase in the case of cannabis use), points specifically toward the involvement of estrogen since it is estrogen that: begins increasing during the follicular phase, is highest during ovulation, and declines sharply during the premenstrual phase (Feher, 2012; Groome et al., 1996; Levy et al., 2000). Based on SRD (Levenson et al., 1980) and SMT (Khantzian, 1997) predictions, we also hypothesized that cannabis use quantity (during the first consumption episode following the stress assessment) would similarly increase in the menstrual and premenstrual phases versus other MC phases.


id: cannabis-114
author: Earleywine, Mitch; Mian, Maha Noor; Altman, Brianna; De Leo, Joseph
date: 2022
pages: 12
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 5706
sentence: 346
flesch: 52
cache: cache/cannabis-114.pdf
txt: txt/cannabis-114.txt
title:
  Expectancies for Cannabis-Induced Emotional Breakthrough, Mystical Experiences and Changes in Dysfunctional Attitudes: Perceptions of the Potential for Cannabis-Assisted Psychotherapy for Depression 

summary:
  Nour, M. M., Evans, L., Nutt, D., & Carhart- Harris, R. L. (2016). Palhano-Fontes, F., Barreto, D., Onias, H., Andrade, K. C., Novaes, M. M., Pessoa, J. A., Mota-Rolim, S. A., Osório, F. L., Sanches, R., Dos Santos, R. G., Tófoli, L. F., De Oliveira Silveira, G., Yonamine, M., Riba, J., Santos, F. R., Silva-Junior, A. A., Alchieri, J. C., Galvão-Coelho, N. L., Lobão-Soares, B., … Araújo, D. B. (2019).


id: cannabis-103
author: Doonan, Samantha M.; Johnson, Julie K.; Firth, Caislin; Flores, Alyssa; Joshi, Spruha
title: Racial Equity in Cannabis Policy: Diversity in the Massachusetts Adult-Use Industry at 18-months
date: 2021
pages: 12
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 5875
sentence: 339
flesch: 44
cache: cache/cannabis-103.pdf
txt: txt/cannabis-103.txt
summary:
  Senior industry positions (i.e., board members, executives, directors) are particularly important roles to consider as pathways to build wealth. However, senior positions in the cannabis market, roles with the greatest opportunity to build wealth and create opportunity for others, suggest a concerning lack of diversity in the short-term, despite state equity provisions and programs.


id: cannabis-24
title: cannabis-24
pages: 12
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 7049
sentence: 480
flesch: 59
cache: cache/cannabis-24.pdf
txt: txt/cannabis-24.txt
summary:
  Trull and colleagues found complex associations between marijuana use and hostility after accounting for alcohol use. Differences in reporting of perceived acute effects of alcohol use, marijuana use, and simultaneous alcohol and marijuana use.


id: cannabis-134
author: Kolp, Haley; Horvath, Sarah; Munoz, Emily; Metrik, Jane; Shorey, Ryan
title: Simultaneous Alcohol and Cannabis Use and High-Risk Sexual Behaviors
date: 2025
pages: 10
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 6025
sentence: 275
flesch: 44
cache: cache/cannabis-134.pdf
txt: txt/cannabis-134.txt
summary:
  Despite the high rates of HRSBs, alcohol use, and cannabis use in college students, there is a lack of research examining the relationship between simultaneous alcohol and cannabis use and HRSBs. Alcohol and Cannabis Use and HRSBs Research has demonstrated a strong link between alcohol use and HRSBs.


id: cannabis-118
author: Parlette, Brianna; Treloar Padovano, Hayley; Pielech, Melissa; Meisel, Samuel; Miranda Jr., Robert
date: 2022
pages: 16
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 9506
sentence: 448
flesch: 44
cache: cache/cannabis-118.pdf
txt: txt/cannabis-118.txt
title:
  Parent and Adolescent Reports of Parental Monitoring and Sources of Parental Knowledge are Linked to Cannabis Use and Symptom Development in Adolescents

summary:
  While most research relating parental monitoring to adolescent cannabis use relies solely on adolescent perceptions, our study suggests a unique role of parent perceptions for cannabis use and disorder symptoms, respectively. Thus, the distinction of parent-driven, active efforts to secure knowledge (i.e., solicitation and control) from child-driven processes (i.e., voluntary disclosure) is important for understanding which aspects of “monitoring” are protective against adolescent cannabis use and problem development.


id: cannabis-160
author: Llewelyn-Williams, Jessica; Mykota, David
title: Predictors of Cannabis Use Among Canadian University Students
date: 2025
pages: 18
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 9384
sentence: 446
flesch: 55
cache: cache/cannabis-160.pdf
txt: txt/cannabis-160.txt
summary:
  Among these variables, using cannabis to enhance one’s experience because one likes the feeling was identified as the strongest predictor of cannabis use within the total sample and among students who endorsed hazardous cannabis use. Cannabis, A Publication of the Research Society on Marijuana 98 DISCUSSION Of the 920 students that participated in the study, 52% reported using cannabis at least once in the last six months, of which 31% met the criteria for hazardous cannabis use.


id: cannabis-166
author: Moskal, Katie; Teeters, Jenni; McCollum, Diamonde
date: 2025
pages: 15
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 8983
sentence: 412
flesch: 42
cache: cache/cannabis-166.pdf
txt: txt/cannabis-166.txt
title:
  Examining Differences in Emotion Dysregulation Between Emerging Adult Alcohol-only Users, Abstainers, and Simultaneous Users 

summary:
  al. (2022) showed that for negative emotion regulation abilities (i.e., regulating negative emotions), there were small-to-medium effect sizes for alcohol use (r = 0.23, p < 0.001) and for use of multiple substances (r = 0.25, p < 0.001). For positive emotion regulation abilities (i.e., regulating positive emotions), there were medium effect sizes for alcohol use (r = 0.24, p < 0.001) and drug use (r = 0.28, p < 0.001).


id: cannabis-116
date: 2022
pages: 12
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 6981
sentence: 340
flesch: 58
cache: cache/cannabis-116.pdf
txt: txt/cannabis-116.txt
author:
  West, Julia C.; Peasley-Miklus, Catherine; Klemperer, Elias M. ; Priest, Jeffrey S.; Trutor, Megan; Carman, Chelsea; Roemhildt, Maria; Trites, Jeffrey; Villanti, Andrea C.

title:
  Young Adultsâ€™ Knowledge of State Cannabis Policy: Implications for Studying the Effects of Legalization in Vermont

summary:
  This study aimed to explore policy knowledge as another measure of exposure and describe the sociodemographic, cognitive, and behavioral correlates of cannabis policy knowledge in young adults in Vermont. In a series of multivariable analyses adjusting for age, sex, race and ethnicity, subjective financial status, and past-30-day cannabis use, young adults who reported slight risk of harm from weekly cannabis use had a higher prevalence of cannabis policy knowledge (aPR=1.28; 95% CI, 1.11-1.48) than those who reported no risk (Table 3).


id: cannabis-157
author: Selina Espinoza; Melissa-Ann Lagunas; Claudia Rocha; Jennifer L. Lovell
date: 2025
pages: 16
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 9053
sentence: 467
flesch: 50
cache: cache/cannabis-157.pdf
txt: txt/cannabis-157.txt
title:
  Perceived Risks and Therapeutic Benefits of Cannabis Among College Students Amidst the COVID-19 Pandemic

summary:
  The purpose of the study is to understand cannabis use and perceptions among college students with cannabis experience – 21 years and older – in a legalized cannabis state. Most participants reported no spiritual benefits; however, some participants discussed cannabis use improving connection to self and self-awareness.


id: cannabis-126
author: Tyskiewicz, Alexander; Arkfeld, Patrice; Smith, Emma; Eilerman, Jonathan; Conner, Bradley
date: 2022
pages: 11
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 5911
sentence: 309
flesch: 54
cache: cache/cannabis-126.pdf
txt: txt/cannabis-126.txt
title:
  Does Accessibility of Cannabis Mediate the Relation Between Method of Acquisition and Cannabis Use Frequency among Adolescents?

summary:
  Differences in cannabis use in states in which the sale of recreational cannabis is legal (recreational states) compared to states in which it is not warrants research on how adolescents acquire cannabis in recreational states, and how easy it is for them to do so. While research has identified certain factors associated with cannabis use, two understudied variables are method of acquisition (King et al., 2016) and ease of accessibility (Epstein et al., 2015; Haas et al., 2018).


id: cannabis-59
date: 2020
pages: 11
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 5403
sentence: 289
flesch: 56
cache: cache/cannabis-59.pdf
txt: txt/cannabis-59.txt
author:
  Campbell, Laura M; Tang, Bin; Watson, Caitlin Wei-Ming; Higgins, Michael; Cherner, Mariana; Henry, Brook L; Moore, Raeanne C

title:
  Cannabis Use is Associated with Greater Total Sleep Time in Middle-Aged and Older Adults with and without HIV: A Preliminary Report Utilizing Digital Health Technologies

summary:
  Research Article 180 ABSTRACT Current literature on the effect of cannabis use on sleep quality is mixed, and few studies have used objectively-measured sleep measures or real-time sampling of cannabis use to examine this relationship. The prevalence of cannabis use among older adults and persons living with HIV has increased in recent years, and poor sleep quality is elevated in these populations as well.


id: cannabis-132
date: 2022
pages: 20
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 11113
sentence: 466
flesch: 59
cache: cache/cannabis-132.pdf
txt: txt/cannabis-132.txt
author:
  Hetelekides, Eleftherios ; Joseph, Verlin; Pearson, Matthew; Bravo, Adrian Jorge; Prince, Mark; Conner, Bradley

title:
  Early Birds and Night Owls: Distinguishing Profiles of Cannabis Use Habits by Use Times with Latent Class Analysis

summary:
  With regard to the auxiliary variables, morning and daily cannabis use classes reported lower use of protective behavioral strategies and greater scores on indicators of use, motives, related negative consequences, and perceptions/norms compared to weekend non- morning use classes. Alternatively, “wake and bake” is a colloquial term that refers to morning cannabis use and is integrated in the cannabis subculture, though “wake and bake” is discouraged by individuals who have been using cannabis for a long time (Lau et al., 2015).


id: cannabis-163
author: Dunaief, Rebecca; Bravo, Adrian Jorge; Henson, James
date: 2025
pages: 8
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 4717
sentence: 254
flesch: 54
cache: cache/cannabis-163.pdf
txt: txt/cannabis-163.txt
title:
  Changes in Mental Health as a Predictor of Cannabis Coping Motives and Consequences: Examining the Impact of COVID-19 among College Students

summary:
  Tolerance for specific negative affective states and coping-oriented cannabis use motives among college student cannabis users. Moreover, given that our primary predictor focused on self-report of changes in mental health symptoms, further research using objective measures that examine how much change occurred is needed to further illuminate whether changes in mental health due to COVID-19 are associated with cannabis outcomes.


id: cannabis-156
author: Smith, Shelby; Julia Wrobel; Brooks-Russell, Ashley; Kosnett, Michael; Sammel, Mary
date: 2023
pages: 10
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 5703
sentence: 246
flesch: 50
cache: cache/cannabis-156.pdf
txt: txt/cannabis-156.txt
title:
  A Latent Variable Analysis of Psychomotor and Neurocognitive Performance After Acute Cannabis Smoking

summary:
  Linear regression models were utilized to quantify associations between factor scores and cannabis use groups (daily vs. occasional vs. no use). Key words: = factor analysis; cannabis use; drug tolerance; reaction time; neurocognitive and psychomotor performance; cannabis impaired driving With 38 U.S. states having legalized recreational and/or medicinal cannabis use, public policy related to cannabis impaired driving is of increasing significance.


id: cannabis-164
title: A Content Analysis of Social Media Discussions on THC-O-Acetate
date: 2023
pages: 9
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 4909
sentence: 200
flesch: 50
cache: cache/cannabis-164.pdf
txt: txt/cannabis-164.txt
author:
  Kruger, Daniel; Karahmet, Amila; Kaplan, Sydney; Redfield, John; Stacy, Taylor; Agarwal, Vitush; Faqqouseh, Mutaz; Bone, Carlton

summary:
  n % of Total % of Theme Mention of other substances 707 20.6 100 Mention of delta-8-THC 387 11.3 54.7 Mention of delta-9-THC 288 8.4 40.7 Mention of Psychedelics (LSD, DMT, Psilocybin) 32 0.9 4.5 Mention of other substances 258 7.5 36.5 Effects of THC-O-acetate 522 15.2 100 Lack of any effects 95 2.8 18.2 ‘Standard’ THC experiences 92 2.7 17.6 Lengthy onset 53 1.5 10.2 Psychedelic/spiritual experience 48 1.4 9.2 Lengthy duration 39 1.1 7.5 Sedating/calming 37 1.1 7.1 Lack of psychedelic effects (but other effects present) 30 0.9 5.7 Psychedelic hallucinations (visuals, hearing sounds, etc.) 25 0.7 4.8 Physical/body sensation 20 0.6 3.8 Decreased effects from tolerance 19 0.6 3.6 Euphoria 16 0.5 3.1 Medically beneficial for pain relief 11 0.3 2.1 Energizing 9 0.3 1.7 Cross-tolerance between cannabinoids 4 0.1 0.8 Weird dreams 4 0.1 0.8 Increased sexual arousal 4 0.1 0.8 Lots of laughing 4 0.1 0.8 The highly toxic ketene gas was released when vitamin E acetate, used as a cutting or cheap diluting agent in THC cartridges, was heated (Li, 2022).


id: cannabis-91
author: Sagar, Kelly; Dahlgren, Mary Kathryn; Smith, Rosemary; Lambros, Ashley; Gruber, Staci
date: 2021
pages: 13
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 7683
sentence: 355
flesch: 53
cache: cache/cannabis-91.pdf
txt: txt/cannabis-91.txt
title:
  Assessing Cannabis Use Disorder in Medical Cannabis Patients: Interim Analyses from an Observational, Longitudinal Study

summary:
  Importantly, correlation analyses revealed that number of MC uses/week was not significantly correlated with total CUDIT-R scores, further supporting the idea that frequency of MC use is not likely a useful indicator of problematic use in MC patients, and raising questions regarding the validity of the CUDIT-R in those who use cannabis for medical purposes. We hypothesized that MC patients would exhibit increased frequency of use relative to baseline, but endorse few problems associated with MC use given their primary motivation for use is symptom alleviation.


id: cannabis-150
author: Kulak, Jessica A.; Homish, D. Lynn; Kozlowski, Lynn T.; Homish, Gregory G.
title: Cannabis Use and Perceptions Among Current and Former Military Service Members
date: 2023
pages: 9
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 5136
sentence: 257
flesch: 51
cache: cache/cannabis-150.pdf
txt: txt/cannabis-150.txt
summary:
  Primary aims included (1) estimating the prevalence of cannabis use among a sample of USAR/NG soldiers and describing perceived cannabis risk, attitudes of approval towards recreational cannabis use, and perceived ease of accessing cannabis among all soldiers; and (2) taking these perceptions into account, examining differences in the odds of cannabis use on the basis of military service status (former soldiers compared to currently serving). However, there is little data on cannabis use among military service members, particularly when examining the period after separation from military service.


id: cannabis-197
title: cannabis-197
pages: 12
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 6525
sentence: 338
flesch: 57
cache: cache/cannabis-197.pdf
txt: txt/cannabis-197.txt
summary:
  During 2020 and after, there was a decrease in college student cannabis use. Given the unique circumstances of the pandemic along with changing societal regulations surrounding cannabis use, and their collective impact on college students, there is a need to examine the relationship between cannabis and self-control during the pandemic era.


id: cannabis-120
author: Winiger, Evan; Ma, Ming; Brooks-Russell, Ashley
title: Novel Methods of Cannabis Use and Lower Sleep Duration Among High School Students
date: 2022
pages: 8
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 4402
sentence: 228
flesch: 61
cache: cache/cannabis-120.pdf
txt: txt/cannabis-120.txt
summary:
  High school (9th-12th grade) students from the Healthy Kids Colorado Survey with current cannabis use (n= 4,637) reported on numerous demographic variables, method of cannabis use (flower, edibles, dabs, and vaporizers) and average sleep duration on weeknights. Future studies should focus on specific type of high concentrate products (edibles, dabbing, vaping, etc.) on sleep outcomes and should also include longitudinal designs to better understand the influence of novel cannabis use on sleep during adolescence and into adulthood, and other possible health outcomes.


id: cannabis-97
author: Wang, Yan; Jean Jacques, Jennifer; Li, Zhigang; Sibille, Kimberly; Cook, Robert ; Li; Sibille; Cook
date: 2021
pages: 15
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 9224
sentence: 421
flesch: 56
cache: cache/cannabis-97.pdf
txt: txt/cannabis-97.txt
title:
  Health outcomes among adults initiating medical marijuana for chronic pain: A 3-month prospective study incorporating ecological momentary assessment (EMA)

summary:
  We intended to capture at least one- week baseline data before participants initiated medical cannabis use and track their outcomes for at least two weeks after they started using medical cannabis. Studies characterizing medical cannabis use in patients’ daily lives and tracking real-time outcomes (i.e., measured in the moment via EMA) such as pain intensity, anxiety/depressive symptoms, and sleep duration/quality can address a significant gap in current understanding.


id: cannabis-125
author: Bobitt, Julie ; Kang, Hyojung; Arora, Kanika; Bhagianadh, Divya; Milavetz, Gary; Kaskie, Brian
date: 2023
pages: 10
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 5568
sentence: 272
flesch: 50
cache: cache/cannabis-125.pdf
txt: txt/cannabis-125.txt
title:
  Offering an Alternative to Persons with Chronic Pain: How Access to Cannabis May Provide an Off-Ramp from Undesired Prescription Opioid Use

summary:
  Patterns and correlates of medical cannabis use for pain among patients prescribed long-term opioid therapy. While the U.S. Food and Drug Administration has yet to approve cannabis use for medicinal purposes, the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine (2017) found substantial evidence that cannabis is an effective treatment for CP, and up to 80% of individuals who take medical cannabis report doing so to manage CP (Bonn-Miller et al., 2014;


id: cannabis-138
author: Smith, Douglas C.; Garthe, Rachel ; Lee, Alex; Kim, Shongha; Thebaud, Magdelene ; Kovacevic, Lucy
title: Expanded Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs) and Adult Cannabis Use: A Latent Class Analysis
date: 2023
pages: 15
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 7800
sentence: 429
flesch: 58
cache: cache/cannabis-138.pdf
txt: txt/cannabis-138.txt
summary:
  Therefore, we identified associations between latent classes of ACEs and cannabis use. Key words: = adverse childhood experiences; cannabis use; community violence; racial discrimination; bullying; latent class analysis In the seminal study on adverse childhood experiences (ACEs; Felitti et.


id: cannabis-139
date: 2023
pages: 15
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 9338
sentence: 489
flesch: 55
cache: cache/cannabis-139.pdf
txt: txt/cannabis-139.txt
author:
  Niznik, Taylor; Ehlke, Sarah; Mermelstein, Robin; Vandrey, Ryan; Hedeker, Donald; Villanti, Andrea; Cohn, Amy

title:
  Parameters of EMA Compliance and Self-Reported Reactivity in a Longitudinal Study of Young Adult Cannabis and Tobacco Co-Users

summary:
  A final objective was to examine whether self-reported reactivity would be associated with self-reported changes in tobacco and cannabis use behavior assessed from baseline to a post-IVR follow-up. METHODS Participants and Procedures Data were collected in two large Northeastern cities in the U.S. between 2017 and 2019. There were no differences between high and low frequency responders on any baseline demographic, tobacco use (nicotine dependence severity), alcohol, or cannabis use characteristics (past 30-day frequency of use).


id: cannabis-95
author: Ladd, Special Section Editor: Benjamin O.
date: 2021
pages: 26
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 16483
sentence: 656
flesch: 44
cache: cache/cannabis-95.pdf
txt: txt/cannabis-95.txt
title:
  Abstracts from the 2020 Virtual Scientific Meeting of the Research Society on Marijuana July 24, 2020

summary:
  They also completed a validated measure of cannabis use frequency and quantity (Cuttler et al., 2017), as well as two validated items from the Brief Cannabis Motives Measures (Bartel et al., 2020) to assess cannabis use to cope with depression and anxiety, respectively. Multiple risk factors broadly categorized under: risky sexual behaviors, non-heterosexual orientation, weapon carrying/exposure, hopelessness and suicidality behaviors, driving behaviors, and disability were associated with greater odds of cannabis use.


id: cannabis-107
date: 2022
pages: 14
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 7834
sentence: 360
flesch: 52
cache: cache/cannabis-107.pdf
txt: txt/cannabis-107.txt
author:
  Guo, Ying; Fleming, Charles ; Patwardhan, Irina; James, Tiffany; Nelson, Jennifer ; Espy, Kimberly ; Nelson, Timothy ; Mason, Alex

title:
  A Comparison of Task-Based and Questionnaire Assessments of Executive Control Aspects in Relation to Adolescent Marijuana Initiation

summary:
  Executive Control in Adolescence Research to elucidate modifiable factors associated with adolescent marijuana use can help guide the design of interventions for preventing such use and its potential adverse consequences (Mason et al., 2016). It was important, therefore, to include this variable as covariate in the current study, but future studies should assess family history of cannabis use disorder to better account for different levels of risks related to adolescent marijuana use.


id: cannabis-75
date: 2021
pages: 13
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 5994
sentence: 250
flesch: 52
cache: cache/cannabis-75.pdf
txt: txt/cannabis-75.txt
author:
  Sajdeya, Ruba; Joseph, Verlin; Stetten, Nichole; IbaÃ±ez, Gladys; Wang, Yan; Powell, Lauren; Somboonwit, Charurut; Corsi, Karen; Cook, Robert

title:
  Reasons for Marijuana Use and Its Perceived Effectiveness in Therapeutic and Recreational Marijuana Users Among People Living with HIV in Florida

summary:
  To our knowledge, our study is among the first to report self-scored marijuana effectiveness for different reasons for marijuana use among PLWH and the first to compare the reasons for use and the perceived effectiveness of marijuana across different groups of marijuana use motivation. Our research team developed and revised a questionnaire consisting of 25 items representing possible marijuana use reasons that demonstrate a range of social factors and physical and mental health symptoms and effects that are common among PLWH.


id: cannabis-151
date: 2023
pages: 12
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 6763
sentence: 299
flesch: 56
cache: cache/cannabis-151.pdf
txt: txt/cannabis-151.txt
author:
  Ashare, Rebecca; Turay, Esther; Worster, Brooke; Wetherill, Reagan; Bidwell, L. Cinnamon; Doucette, Abigail; Meghani, Salimah

title:
  Social Determinants of Health Associated with How Cannabis is Obtained and Used in Patients with Cancer Receiving Care at a Cancer Treatment Center in Pennsylvania

summary:
  More research is needed to understand the health outcomes associated with these differences in cannabis use and access-related factors such as the role of clinician-patient communication on certification, education around safe cannabis use, and the impact of statewide policies intended to increase access to cannabis. Medical cannabis use in Canada: Vapourization and modes of delivery.


id: cannabis-57
author: Cavalli, Jessica M.; Cservenka, Anita
title: Chronic Marijuana Use, Inhibitory Control, and Processing Speed in Young Adult College Students
date: 2020
pages: 12
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 7260
sentence: 373
flesch: 52
cache: cache/cannabis-57.pdf
txt: txt/cannabis-57.txt
summary:
  Over the past two decades, there has been an overall decline in perceived harmfulness of MJ use in adults ages 18-30 (Schulenberg et al., 2018), despite growing evidence that chronic MJ use may be associated with cognitive impairment (Becker et al., 2014; Broyd et al., 2016; Crean et al., 2011; Yusoff et al., 2013). This study recruited young adults within a narrow age range in order to determine how MJ use may affect inhibitory control during the protracted maturation of executive functioning; to our knowledge, the current study is one of few studies that have examined chronic MJ use on inhibitory control during young adulthood (Crane, Schuster, & Gonzalez, 2013; Lisdahl & Price, 2012).


id: cannabis-96
author: Madden, Sean; Keilp, John; Wu, Olivia; Corcoran, Cheryl; Girgis, Ragy; Vadhan, Nehal
date: 2021
pages: 12
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 6431
sentence: 339
flesch: 51
cache: cache/cannabis-96.pdf
txt: txt/cannabis-96.txt
title:
  Smoked Cannabis Effects in Cannabis Users at Clinical High-Risk for Psychosis: A Further Investigation of Cognition and Reward

summary:
  The objective of the present study was to further investigate the acute effects of cannabis on cognition and reward processing in CHR cannabis users. However, although the groups in the current study were not compared directly, the results may suggest a preferential acute deleterious effect of cannabis on these and related functions in CHR cannabis users.


id: cannabis-169
author: Pakdaman, Sheila; Weck, Jennifer; Longtin , Melinda; Clapp, John
date: 2025-01-07
pages: Cannabis; Vol. 6 No. 3 (2023): Special Issue: College Student Cannabis Use Vol. 1
extension: The Research Society on Marijuana
mime: eng
words: none
sentence: https://publications.sciences.ucf.edu/cannabis/index.php/Cannabis/article/download/169/121
title:
  What was the vibe you were going for?â€ SAM Behaviors and Socialization During the COVID-19 Pandemic, a Qualitative Approach

flesch:
  Introduction: Marijuana use is at historic highs amongst college-aged adults, who are more likely to engage in simultaneous alcohol and marijuana use (SAM) than other age cohorts. For college students, the COVID-19 pandemic is a unique transitory phenomenon that led to isolation, as well as changes in socialization, academic environments, and substance use. This exploratory qualitative study aims to understand SAM socialization and motivation behaviors among college students. Methods: Semi-structured qualitative interviews (N=32) were conducted across the United States from January 2021-April 2021via Zoom. Interviews were then transcribed, then a thematic analysis was conducted in Atlas.ti. Results: The sample was primarily college juniors (mage=21). Since the pandemic, half of the participants increased SAM, whereas the other half decreased SAM. SAM was reported in different categories including primarily with friends, but, much less with partners and with roommates. More than half of the sample indicated that they used SAM alone. Motivations to engage in SAM included relaxing, socializing, offsetting stressors specific to the COVID-19 pandemic, and relieving general stress, anxiety and boredom. Conclusion: The COVID-19 pandemic impacted college studentsâ€™ substance use in interesting ways. Understanding the behaviors of SAM in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic is crucial due to the legalization of marijuana in many states. This understanding has significant implications for prevention strategies and potential policy interventions. Our study yielded findings regarding the impact of socialization on SAM. We discovered that not only does socialization affect SAM, but the specific contexts and motivations behind these behaviors also play a crucial role, which adds to our developing understanding of SAM behavior.


id: oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/16
author: Stevens, Angela K.; Blanchard, Brittany E.; Littlefield, Andrew K.
title: Examining Approval and Social Norms as Proximal Predictors of the Impulsivity-Cannabis Use Relation
date: 2018-01-30
pages: Cannabis; Vol. 1 No. 1 (2018): Cannabis; 44-60
extension: The Research Society on Marijuana
mime: eng
words: none
sentence: https://publications.sciences.ucf.edu/cannabis/index.php/Cannabis/article/download/16/6
flesch:
  Cannabis is a commonly used substance among college students and is associated with a host of negative consequences. Psychosocial variables (e.g., social norms, attitudes, and impulsivity) may explain individual differences regarding the increased cannabis use in recent years. Attitudes, social norms, and broadband impulsivity have demonstrated consistent, independent relations with increased cannabis use; however, relations among approval and social norms, narrowband impulsivity, and cannabis use remain elusive. The current study (N = 718) examined approval (i.e., approval of peer cannabis use) and social norms as proximal predictors of impulsivity-cannabis use relations among college students across models of varying multivariate complexity. Results from simpler multivariate models indicated that indirect effects of impulsivity-like facets, as assessed by the UPPS-P Impulsive Behavior Scale, were statistically significant for all models via approval, descriptive norms, and injunctive norms. In general, individuals higher in impulsivity-like facets reported more positive attitudes or more perceived use or approval by friends, which, in turn, was associated with more cannabis use. Differential relations emerged for the complex multivariate mediation model, such that approval exhibited the most consistent unique mediation effect. Multi-group analyses by gender revealed an indirect effect of sensation seeking via descriptive norms stronger for males than females. Consistent with the alcohol literature, this research highlights the importance of examining approval and social norms as proximal predictors of cannabis use, particularly as it is relevant for developing efficacious clinical interventions to reduce cannabis use by employing personalized normative feedback. DOI: 10.26828/cannabis.2018.01.005 


id: oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/171
author: Waddell, Jack; McDonald, Abigail; Shah, Rishika; Corbin, William
date: 2025-01-07
pages: Cannabis; Vol. 6 No. 3 (2023): Special Issue: College Student Cannabis Use Vol. 1
extension: The Research Society on Marijuana
mime: eng
words: none
sentence: https://publications.sciences.ucf.edu/cannabis/index.php/Cannabis/article/download/171/98
title:
  Daily Relations Among Alcohol and Cannabis Co-Use, Simultaneous Use, and Negative Consequences: A Day-Level Latent Profile Analysis

flesch:
  Objective: Concurrent and simultaneous cannabis and alcohol co-use confers risk for daily negative alcohol consequences. However, studies often treat co-use as a dichotomy, precluding examination of higher- and lower-risk co-use days. Additionally, little is known about specific alcohol consequences associated with daily co-use. Therefore, the current study 1) differentiated days based upon alcohol consumption, co-use, and simultaneous use, and 2) tested whether certain day-level use patterns conferred risk for daily alcohol consequences. Methods: College student co-users (N=489) completed an online Timeline Followback, reporting daily alcohol consumption, negative alcohol consequences, concurrent cannabis and alcohol co-use, and simultaneous co-use (SAM) on drinking days over the past month. Day-Level Latent Profile Analysis differentiated days based upon drinking quantity, co-use, and simultaneous use, and tested whether patterns of use conferred risk for overall and specific negative alcohol consequences. Results: Four day-level profiles emerged, including moderate consumption of alcohol-only days (57.5%), moderate consumption SAM use days (29.1%), higher consumption alcohol-only days (7.4%), and higher consumption SAM use days (6%). Higher consumption SAM use days were associated with more negative alcohol consequences than all other days; however, higher consumption SAM use days differed from higher consumption alcohol-only days in acute dependence symptoms. Higher consumption alcohol-only days were associated with more negative alcohol consequences than moderate consumption SAM days, particularly those that were action-oriented (i.e., dependence symptoms, blackout drinking, impaired control, risky behavior, social/interpersonal consequences). Conclusions: Findings suggest that there are in fact lower-risk co-use days, and that links with unique negative alcohol consequences depend on levels of alcohol consumption and co-use.


id: oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/172
author: Conner, Bradley T; Bravo, Adrian; Win, Naomi ; Rahm-Knigge, Ryan
date: 2025-01-07
pages: Cannabis; Vol. 7 No. 1 (2024): Special Issue: College Student Cannabis Use Vol. 2; 82-98
extension: The Research Society on Marijuana
mime: eng
words: none
sentence: https://publications.sciences.ucf.edu/cannabis/index.php/Cannabis/article/download/172/147
title:
  Examination of Ruminationâ€™s Mediating Role in the Relation Between Distal Personality Predictors, Cannabis Coping Motives, and Negative Cannabis-Related Consequences

flesch:
  Objective: Perseverative cognitive processes, such as rumination, may indirectly influence effects of personality traits on cannabis use and related problems. Understanding relations among personality, rumination, and cannabis use motives may lead to better understanding of problematic cannabis use. The present study examined personality traitsâ€™ influence on negative cannabis-related consequences via rumination and cannabis use coping motives. Methods: We tested a sequential path model across two independent samples such that the model was tested in one sample and replicated in the second sample. Participants were U.S. undergraduate students from multiple universities who reported using cannabis at least once in the prior thirty days. Results: Results partially supported hypotheses such negative urgency and distress tolerance were indirectly related to negative cannabis-related consequences via rumination and coping motives. Specifically, higher negative urgency and lower distress tolerance were related to higher rumination. Higher rumination was related to higher coping motives; which in turn was related to more negative cannabis-related consequences. Results indicate that rumination is a risk factor belying associations between personality and cannabis use to cope and negative consequences of use. Conclusions: Implementing techniques that attenuate rumination for individuals high in negative urgency or low in distress tolerance may reduce or prevent problematic cannabis and unintended outcomes.


id: oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/173
date: 2025-01-07
pages: Cannabis; Vol. 6 No. 3 (2023): Special Issue: College Student Cannabis Use Vol. 1
extension: The Research Society on Marijuana
mime: eng
words: none
sentence: https://publications.sciences.ucf.edu/cannabis/index.php/Cannabis/article/download/173/113
author:
  Langwerden, Robbert; Morris, Staci ; Fernandez, Sofia; Contreras-PÃ©rez, MarÃ­a ; Hospital, Michelle; Wagner, Eric

title:
  Preliminary Effects of a Guided Self-Change Intervention on Perceived Risk and Self-Efficacy in University Students Engaging in Cannabis or Alcohol Misuse

flesch:
  Guided Self-Change (GSC) is a Motivational Interviewing (MI)-based early intervention program, infused with Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), for individuals with substance use problems. In this study, we implemented a 4-session GSC program with the innovative addition of mindfulness-based techniques at a minority-serving institution to reduce substance use and negative consequences among self-referred university students. We investigated processes that may be associated with behavior change, including perceived risk of use and self-efficacy ratings among university students who reported their primary substance of choice was cannabis (n = 18) or alcohol (n = 18). The sample of 36 participants (Mage = 24.4, SDage = 5, range Â 18-37) mostly identified as female (58.3%), then male (41.7%); 52.8% identified as Hispanic/Latine, 22.2% as Black or African American, and 19.5% as a sexual minority. Among cannabis primary using students, results indicated that the perceived risk of weekly cannabis use, confidence to change, and readiness to change showed statistically significant increases from pre- to post-assessment. Among alcohol primary using students, confidence to change and readiness to change showed statistically significant increases from pre- to post-assessments. All results yielded large effect sizes, which may be inflated due to the small sample size. Findings suggest that over the course of participation in a brief, 4-session targeted GSC program, there were significant increases in perceived risk and self-efficacy among minority university students who engage in primary cannabis or primary alcohol use.


id: oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/177
author: Erica Doering; Elizabeth Weybright; Alana Anderson; Kyle Murphy; Linda Caldwell
date: 2025-01-07
pages: Cannabis; Vol. 6 No. 3 (2023): Special Issue: College Student Cannabis Use Vol. 1
extension: The Research Society on Marijuana
mime: eng
words: none
sentence: https://publications.sciences.ucf.edu/cannabis/index.php/Cannabis/article/download/177/122
title:
  Associations Between Trait Boredom and Frequency of Cannabis, Alcohol, and Tobacco Use in College Students

flesch:
  Objective: Boredom is a common emotion associated with substance use in college students â€“ a group already at risk for substance misuse. The purpose of this study is to understand how two types of trait boredom (susceptibility and proneness) in college students are associated with frequency of cannabis, alcohol, and tobacco use. Method: Data were collected from an online survey completed by a sample of undergraduate students (N = 414, Mage = 19.55, 84.5% female; 64.3% White)â€¯enrolled at a large public university in the northwest. Multivariate logistic regression was used to evaluate the association between trait boredom and frequency of cannabis, alcohol, and tobacco use after controlling for age, sex, and race. Results: Boredom susceptibility was a significant predictor of annual, monthly, and weekly cannabis and alcohol use, but only annual and monthly tobacco use. Boredom proneness was only a significant predictor for monthly alcohol use. Conclusions: Findings wereÂ generally consistentÂ across types of substances and frequency of use for boredom susceptibility, indicating students higher in susceptibility, rather than proneness, are a subgroup to target prevention interventionsÂ to alleviate boredom and subsequent maladaptive coping mechanisms.


id: oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/179
date: 2025-01-07
pages: Cannabis; Vol. 6 No. 3 (2023): Special Issue: College Student Cannabis Use Vol. 1
extension: The Research Society on Marijuana
mime: eng
words: none
sentence: https://publications.sciences.ucf.edu/cannabis/index.php/Cannabis/article/download/179/111
author:
  Muzumdar, Neel; Jackson, Kristina; Buckman, Jennifer; Spaeth, Andrea; Sokolovsky, Alexander; Pawlak, Anthony; White, Helene

title:
  Dose-dependent Relationships of Same-day and Typical Substance Use to Sleep Duration in College Cannabis and Alcohol Users: A Multilevel Modeling Approach Using Daily Diary Data

flesch:
  This study characterized how quantities of cannabis and alcohol use affect sleep. Single-day and typical cannabis and alcohol use patterns were considered to assess acute-chronic use interactions. Linear and non-linear associations assessed dose-dependence. College students (n=337; 52% female) provided 11,417 days of data, with up to five time points per day. Daily self-reported sleep duration, cannabis use quantity, and alcohol use quantity were subjected to linear mixed modeling to capture linear and curvilinear associations between single-day and typical use on same-night and typical sleep. Sleep duration (difference between bedtime and waketime) was the outcome. Quantity of cannabis used each day andtypical quantity used across all days were predictors in the cannabis models. Parallel single-day and typical alcohol variables were predictors in the alcohol models. Follow-up analyses excluded days with alcohol-cannabis co-use. Main effects of single-day and typical cannabis quantity on sleep duration were observed when all cannabis-use days were modeled. Higher than typical doses of single-day and typical cannabis were associated with longer sleep durations, but only to a point; at the highest doses, cannabis shortened sleep. A main effect of single-day alcohol quantity and two interactions (single-day use with both linear and curvilinear typical use) on sleep duration were observed when all alcohol-use days were modeled. Greater alcohol consumption on a given day led to shorter same-night sleep, but typically heavier drinkers required higher doses than typically lighter drinkers to experience these adverse effects. Follow-up models suggested alcohol co-use may contribute to the purported sleep-promoting effects of cannabis.


id: oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/17
author: Ameral, Victoria; Reilly, Meghan E.; Palm Reed, Kathleen M.; Hines, Denise A.
title: Frequency of Use Matters: The Role of Peer Norms and Approval on College Students' Marijuana Use
date: 2018-07-07
pages: Cannabis; Vol. 1 No. 2 (2018): Cannabis; 14-21
extension: The Research Society on Marijuana
mime: eng
words: none
sentence:
  https://publications.sciences.ucf.edu/cannabis/index.php/Cannabis/article/download/cannabis.2018.02.002/9

flesch:
  Social norms play a critical role in motivation for marijuana use, particularly for emerging adults. The current report evaluated the differential impact of perceived approval of friends (injunctive norms) and perception of friends' use (descriptive norms) on marijuana use in n=187 college students. While injunctive norms were significantly associated with participants' marijuana use, most reported their friends would be indifferent to abstinence or infrequent use. Our model using a traditional measure of injunctive norms indicated that perceptions of friends' approval of marijuana use is not uniquely associated with use when considered in combination with descriptive norms. Given the lack of variability in perceptions of friends' approval of all but regular use, we compared our original model with an exploratory one evaluating the differential impact of injunctive norms for regular use in addition to descriptive norms. Results indicated that perceptions of friends' approval of regular use influenced participants' use above and beyond perceptions of friends' actual use. Such findings may be indicative of the current social climate, in which occasional use of marijuana is accepted, and may parallel similar findings in the binge drinking literature. Limitations and future directions are discussed. DOI: 10.26828/cannabis.2018.02.002 


id: oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/180
author: Davis, Alan; Arterberry, Brooke; Xin, Yitong; Hubbard, Sterling; Schwarting, Corrine; Bonar, Erin
date: 2025-01-07
pages: Cannabis; Vol. 6 No. 3 (2023): Special Issue: College Student Cannabis Use Vol. 1
extension: The Research Society on Marijuana
mime: eng
words: none
sentence: https://publications.sciences.ucf.edu/cannabis/index.php/Cannabis/article/download/180/115
title:
  Incremental Predictive Validity of the Dualistic Model of Passion for Cannabis Use Among College Undergraduate Students With and Without a Cannabis Use Disorder

flesch:
  Introduction: We examined whether the Dualistic Model of Passion (DMP; i.e., obsessive passion [OP] and harmonious passion [HP]) for cannabis use was prospectively associated with cannabis use and use-related outcomes, and with academic performance, relationship attachment style, and social connectedness among college students. We also explored whether the DMP was associated with outcomes when included in a model using established constructs (e.g., coping motives, refusal self-efficacy, cannabis use disorder [CUD] symptoms) as predictors of cannabis use and outcomes. Methods: Using a longitudinal cohort design (baseline, 5-month, 10-month [timepoints chosen to better correspond to 9-month academic year]), 513 undergraduate students from two universities who reported using cannabis at least four times in the past month completed a baseline survey (308 meeting criteria for CUD). We used Generalized Estimating Equations to assess longitudinal associations between OP/HP and cannabis use and academic/social outcomes at 5-month and 10-month. Results: At baseline, participants were young adults (Mean age = 20.57, SD = 2.51), 78.8% non-Hispanic, 83.8% White, 55.0% female, and 72.3% heterosexual. Greater HP was not associated with greater past month cannabis use or cannabis-related problems. Greater OP was associated with greater past month cannabis use and more cannabis-related problems. There were no significant passion by time interactions. Greater HP was associated with more anxious attachment. OP was associated with less social connection. Conclusion: This research suggests that the DMP provides novel information about factors associated with cannabis use and use-related consequences, which can aid in our understanding of cannabis use, misuse, and CUD among college students.


id: oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/183
author: Blair, Alexandra; Clawson, Ashley ; Keirns, Natalie; Mullins, Larry ; Chaney, John; Cole, Ashley
date: 2025-01-07
pages: Cannabis; Vol. 7 No. 1 (2024): Special Issue: College Student Cannabis Use Vol. 2; 127-145
extension: The Research Society on Marijuana
mime: eng
words: none
sentence: https://publications.sciences.ucf.edu/cannabis/index.php/Cannabis/article/download/183/150
title:
  The Moderating Role of Health Status on the Association Between Depressive Symptoms and Cannabis Vaping

flesch:
  Objective: Cannabis vaping is increasing among college students. There is little information on risk factors for vaping cannabis. Consistent with the self-medication hypothesis, experiencing depressive symptoms and having a chronic medical condition (CMC) are associated with cannabis use among young adults. Individuals who experience both risk factors may be at higher risk for cannabis vaping. This study examined cross-sectional associations between depressive symptoms, CMC status, and cannabis vaping, and identified the moderating role of CMC status on depressive symptoms and cannabis vaping. Method: College students (N = 3,742) self-reported on depressive symptoms, CMC status, and lifetime and current cannabis vaping (i.e., cannabis vaporizers; electronic nicotine devices to use cannabis). Data were collected Fall 2017 until Spring 2021. The sample was predominantly female (70.9%) and White (75.4%). Regression analyses were used. Results: Greater depressive symptoms were related to increased likelihood of cannabis vaping across outcomes. Having a CMC was related to lifetime history of cannabis vaporizing. CMC status moderated the associations between depressive symptoms and lifetime cannabis vaporizing. Depressive symptoms were only a risk factor for cannabis vaporizing among college students without a CMC, not those with a CMC. Conclusions: Interventions that teach adaptive ways of coping with depressive symptoms and the potential demands of managing a CMC in college are needed. Comprehensive programs for college students, with and without CMCs, are needed to support those with comorbid depression and cannabis vaping use. 


id: oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/184
date: 2025-01-07
pages: Cannabis; Vol. 7 No. 1 (2024): Special Issue: College Student Cannabis Use Vol. 2; 33-48
extension: The Research Society on Marijuana
mime: eng
words: none
sentence: https://publications.sciences.ucf.edu/cannabis/index.php/Cannabis/article/download/184/144
author:
  Gette, Jordan; Sokolovsky, Alexander W.; Gunn, Rachel L; Boyle, Holly K; Jackson, Kristina M; White, Helene R

title:
  Latent Classes of Simultaneous Alcohol and Cannabis Use and Associations with Consequences using Daily Data

flesch:
  Objective: Simultaneous alcohol and cannabis use (i.e., marijuana, [SAM], using alcohol and cannabis so effects overlap) is associated with increased consumption and consequences compared to single-substance use. SAM use prevalence is increasing, yet there is heterogeneity in use patterns among those engaging in SAM use, which may lead to differential consequences. Method: This study drew on daily data to characterize latent profiles of cannabis, alcohol, and SAM use patterns and to test class differences on related consequences after 3 months among college students engaging in SAM use (77.08% White, 51.67% female). Class indicators were 10 person-level substance use variables derived from repeated daily surveys. Results: Results yielded a three-class solution: Heavy Alcohol, Cannabis, and SAM (Heavy Use, n = 105); Heavy Alcohol-Light Cannabis (n = 75); and Light Alcohol-Heavy Cannabis (n = 60). There were significant person-level differences between classes on all substance use indicators (e.g., quantity and frequency of alcohol, cannabis, and SAM) but not sex or race/ethnicity. At 3-month follow-up, the Heavy Use class endorsed more SAM consequences than the other classes. The Heavy Use class did not differ on alcohol or cannabis consequences compared to the Heavy Alcohol-Light Cannabis or Light Alcohol-Heavy Cannabis classes, respectively. The Light Alcohol-Heavy Cannabis class endorsed the fewest alcohol consequences. The Heavy Alcohol-Light Cannabis class endorsed the fewest cannabis consequences. Conclusions: Findings highlight distinct patterns of co-use and their association with consequences at follow-up. Heavy alcohol or cannabis use was associated with consequences for that substance, but heavy use of only one substance was not indicative of SAM-specific consequences. 


id: oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/185
author: Gebru, Nioud; James, Tyler; Foxx, Ricarda; Castro, Michelle; Yurasek, Ali
title: Measuring Cannabis Reinforcement among Young Adults: A Mixed Methods Examination
date: 2025-01-07
pages: Cannabis; Vol. 7 No. 2 (2024): Cannabis; 93-107
extension: The Research Society on Marijuana
mime: eng
words: none
sentence: https://publications.sciences.ucf.edu/cannabis/index.php/Cannabis/article/download/185/116
flesch:
  Introduction: Increasing reinforcement received from cannabis-free activities, relative to reinforcement from cannabis-related activities, is one way to reduce harmful cannabis use. Thus, accurate measurement of cannabis reinforcement is important. Using convergent mixed methods, we developed the Adolescent Reinforcement Survey Schedule-Cannabis Use Version (ARSS-CUV). ARSS-CUV, adapted from the alcohol use version, measures cannabis reinforcement by asking individuals how frequently they engaged in, and how much they enjoyed, different activities when using and not using cannabis. Method: Young adults (N = 65; Mage = 20.4 years [SD = 1.8]) completed measures of cannabis use, the ARSS-CUV, and provided feedback on included activities, via focus groups. Following Standards for Educational and Psychological Testing framework, this study examined evidence of measurement validity based on item content. Results: Quantitative findings revealed that peer interactions were the most reinforcing activities, whereas activities related to family were least reinforcing. Qualitative findings indicated some confusion with question wording. Participants also indicated the importance of environmental context when using cannabis and noted who they use cannabis with may be more important than the activity they are doing. Changes were made to survey flow and response choices after participant feedback. Conclusions: ARSS-CUV includes revisions in activities solicited and response format. The revised ARSS-CUV provides opportunities to advance measurement of an important construct (i.e., reinforcement) in the study of cannabis use. Psychometric properties of the ARSS-CUV across different populations and contexts of use (e.g., polysubstance use) should be examined.


id: oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/186
author: Himebaugh, Sean; Romero, Deanna; Clobes, Thomas
date: 2025-01-07
pages: Cannabis; Vol. 7 No. 1 (2024): Special Issue: College Student Cannabis Use Vol. 2; 146-154
extension: The Research Society on Marijuana
mime: eng
words: none
sentence: https://publications.sciences.ucf.edu/cannabis/index.php/Cannabis/article/download/186/151
title:
  Cannabis And College Students: Self-Perceived Mental Health Prior to, During, and After the Pandemic

flesch:
  Introduction: College students demonstrated changes in levels of mental wellbeing as they and the world experienced new levels of stress and anxiety due to the COVID-19 pandemic. As access to healthcare became limited, students turned to alternative methods of coping, which included cannabis use. Objective: To determine if an association between cannabis use and self-perceived mental wellbeing during the pandemic among college students exists.Â Method: A paired samples t-Test was used to compare self-reported mental wellbeing at different times during the pandemic, a one-way ANOVA to compare self-reported mental health between respondents' cannabis use status, and a Tukey-Kramer post-hoc analysis was used to determine between group significance. All data collected were from participants at a single time point (retrospective self-report during April 2022). Results: Of 103 self-reported college students, the most significant differences in mental wellbeing were reported prior to and during the pandemic. Consistent significant differences were observed between each of the college student groups derived from those students who entirely avoided cannabis use or cessation of use (highest rating), p = .018, as compared to those who initiated cannabis use prior to and during the pandemic (lowest rating) p = .045. Post pandemic mental wellbeing demonstrated a higher level of mental wellbeing among those who had some exposure to cannabis compared to those who avoided cannabis entirely. Conclusions: It cannot be concluded that mental wellbeing was lower due to cannabis use. However, it is possible those with lower self-perceived mental wellbeing turned to cannabis use.


id: oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/189
author: Berry, Katherine; Nicholas Livingston; EmmaJo Briles; Alison Looby
date: 2025-01-07
pages: Cannabis; Vol. 7 No. 1 (2024): Special Issue: College Student Cannabis Use Vol. 2; 67-81
extension: The Research Society on Marijuana
mime: eng
words: none
sentence: https://publications.sciences.ucf.edu/cannabis/index.php/Cannabis/article/download/189/152
title:
  Examining the Relation Between Social Anxiety and Cannabis Problems Among College Students Through Coping-Related Expectancies and Motives

flesch:
  Objective: College students high in social anxiety are at increased risk for cannabis-related problems. This may be particularly true when they hold strong coping-related expectancies and motives for cannabis. However, few studies have examined these constructs together in accordance with the motivational model, which posits that substance use is proximally influenced by motives and more distally influenced by expectancies. Thus, the current study examined whether the relation between social anxiety and cannabis-related problems was indirectly explained through coping-related expectancies, motives, and cannabis use. Method: Past-month cannabis users (N = 660; 71.6% female, 47.3% white non-Hispanic) from seven U.S. universities completed an online survey assessing social anxiety, and cannabis use frequency, problems, expectancies, and motives. A saturated path model examined social anxiety as a predictor of cannabis problems via coping-related expectancies and motives, and cannabis frequency. Results: There was a positive indirect effect of social anxiety on cannabis problems through cognitive and behavioral impairment expectancies, depression coping motives, and cannabis use. Social anxiety also indirectly positively related to cannabis problems via social and sexual facilitation expectancies, social anxiety coping motives, and cannabis use. Further, social anxiety indirectly positively related to cannabis problems through relaxation and tension reduction expectancies, both depression and social anxiety coping motives, and cannabis use. These indirect effects were invariant by sex assigned at birth. Â Conclusions: Results support using a theory-informed model of coping-related cannabis cognitions to understand the relation between social anxiety and cannabis problems. Interventions that modify coping-related cognitions may reduce cannabis-related problems in college students high in social anxiety.


id: oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/190
date: 2025-01-07
pages: Cannabis; Vol. 7 No. 1 (2024): Special Issue: College Student Cannabis Use Vol. 2; 111-126
extension: The Research Society on Marijuana
mime: eng
words: none
sentence: https://publications.sciences.ucf.edu/cannabis/index.php/Cannabis/article/download/190/149
author:
  Vieira, Jenna; Snaychuk, Lindsey; Milicevic, Jana; Hodgins, David; Shead, Will; Keough, Matthew; Kim, Andrew (Hyounsoo)

title:
  Adverse Childhood Experiences and Problematic Cannabis Use: The Role of Emotion Dysregulation and Affective Impulsivity

flesch:
  Problematic cannabis use is highly prevalent among postsecondary students. Consequently, there is a need to examine risk factors associated with problematic cannabis use in this population. The present study investigated whether emotion dysregulation mediates the relationship between adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and problematic cannabis use, and whether affective impulsivity (negative and positive urgency) uniquely moderates this relationship. Participants consisted of current cannabis users (N = 586) recruited from five universities across Canada. Participants completed an online survey containing self-report measures of ACEs, emotion dysregulation, negative and positive urgency, and problematic cannabis use. Among the sample of postsecondary students, 36% (n = 213) met the threshold for problematic cannabis use. Moderated-mediation analyses revealed that ACEs were positively associated with emotion dysregulation and problematic cannabis use. There was also a significant indirect effect of emotion dysregulation on the association between ACEs and problematic cannabis use at moderate and high (but not low) levels of negative urgency, and at moderate and high (but not low) levels of positive urgency. The moderated-mediation models remained significant when controlling for other facets of impulsivity. Results suggest that elevated levels of emotion dysregulation and urgency are important proximal risk factors for problematic cannabis use among postsecondary students with a history of ACEs. While ACEs cannot be modified given their occurrence in the past, interventions that aim to build mindfulness and adaptive emotion regulation skills may be beneficial for reducing the likelihood that these students will engage in impulsive behaviors, such as cannabis use, when experiencing emotional distress. 


id: oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/191
author: Montemayor, Benjamin; Nabil, Anas; Merianos, Ashley
date: 2025-01-07
pages: Cannabis; Vol. 7 No. 1 (2024): Special Issue: College Student Cannabis Use Vol. 2; 1-14
extension: The Research Society on Marijuana
mime: eng
words: none
sentence: https://publications.sciences.ucf.edu/cannabis/index.php/Cannabis/article/download/191/141
title:
  Risk Factors for Quantity of Cannabis Use Per Day among College Students Who Violated Their University Drug Use Policy

flesch:
  Background: Cannabis use among college students represents a continued public health issue. The objective was to assess risk factors and reasons for cannabis use among students who violated their universityâ€™s drug use policy, and whether risk factors influenced cannabis use quantity. Methods: This cross-sectional survey study included 99 college students enrolled at a large U.S. public university. Descriptive statistics were calculated, and an ordinary least squares regression analysis was conducted. Results: Students reported using cannabis an average of 7.4 (SD = 10.2) days in the past month, with 8% reporting daily use. On average, students consumed slightly over 0.25 (SD = 0.25) grams per day, with 40% reporting greater than one gram per day. The average age of onset of cannabis use was 16.8 (SD = 1.8) years old. The top reasons for cannabis use were to: relax or relieve tension (75.8%), feel good or get high (62.6%), and have a good time with friends (60.6%). Students perceived an average of 47% of their peers engaged in past-month cannabis use and only slight risk was associated with regular use. Students perceived their loved ones would mostly approve of a reduction in their cannabis use. Regression results indicated past-month cannabis frequency (p = .002) and being of racial/ethnic minority descent (p = .05) were positively associated with quantity of cannabis per day, while perceived risk of regular cannabis use (b Â = -0.21) was negatively associated. Conclusion: Evidence-based cannabis interventions for students who violate their universityâ€™s drug use policies are critically needed that aim to reduce cannabis use and mitigate its associated negative consequences.


id: oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/192
author: Alexis Blessing; Russell, Patricia; Stout, Madison; Barrera-Barker, Juan; Morissette, Sandra
title: The Influence on Anxiety and Avoidant Coping on Probable Cannabis Use Disorder
date: 2025-01-07
pages: Cannabis; Vol. 7 No. 1 (2024): Special Issue: College Student Cannabis Use Vol. 2; 15-22
extension: The Research Society on Marijuana
mime: eng
words: none
sentence: https://publications.sciences.ucf.edu/cannabis/index.php/Cannabis/article/download/192/142
flesch:
  Objective: Individuals with anxiety frequently use cannabis to cope and are at greater risk for developing probable cannabis use disorder (CUD). Previous literature suggests avoidant coping styles are associated with higher anxiety levels and risk for problematic cannabis use, while action-oriented coping is associated with lower anxiety and problematic cannabis use. No studies have examined whether anxiety and action- oriented coping or avoidant coping interact to influence risk for CUD, which was the aim of the present study. Method: College students were recruited as part of a cross-sectional study on cannabis use. Participants (N = 371; 72.2% female) completed the Depression Anxiety and Stress Subscale (DASS-21), Cannabis Use Disorder Identification Test-Revised (CUDIT-R), and the Brief-COPE (B-COPE). Results: The data were analyzed using logistic moderation analysis. After controlling for gender, anxiety was a positive significant predictor of probable CUD, but action-oriented coping and avoidant coping were not. The interaction between anxiety and avoidant coping on probable CUD was significant, indicating that participants with high avoidant coping (regardless of high or low anxiety) and those with high anxiety (even with low avoidant coping) were more likely to have probable CUD than those with both low anxiety and low avoidant coping. No significant interaction was observed with action-oriented coping. Conclusions: Results suggest that avoidant coping, but not action-oriented coping, influences the relationship between anxiety and risk for probable CUD. Findings emphasize the importance of targeting both anxiety and avoidant coping when considering risk for probable CUD. 


id: oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/193
author: Guo, Ying; Dai, Chia-Liang; Ward, Rose Marie; Mason, W. Alex
date: 2025-01-07
pages: Cannabis; Vol. 7 No. 1 (2024): Special Issue: College Student Cannabis Use Vol. 2; 23-32
extension: The Research Society on Marijuana
mime: eng
words: none
sentence: https://publications.sciences.ucf.edu/cannabis/index.php/Cannabis/article/download/193/143
title:
  The Interaction of Cannabis Consumption with Heavy Episodic Drinking and Alcohol-Induced Blackouts in Relation to Cannabis Use Consequences Among Recent Undergraduate College Cannabis Users

flesch:
  Introduction: Risky alcohol use patterns, characterized by heavy episodic drinking (HED) and alcohol-induced blackout, are prevalent in college students. However, it is not clear if experiencing HED and blackout among college-attending cannabis users heightens risk for adverse cannabis use consequences. The purpose of this study was to examine whether heavy episodic drinking and blackout episodes moderate the relationship between cannabis consumption and cannabis use consequences among college students. Methods: Undergraduate college students (n = 4331) were recruited from a Midwest University in 2021. This analysis used a subset of data from past 6-month cannabis users (n= 772; 17.8% of the full sample). Among cannabis users, 64.5% identified as female and 87.8% were White with an average age of 19.99 (SD=2.88). A linear regression was conducted with two two-way interactions of cannabis consumption and HED frequency as well as cannabis consumption and alcohol-induced blackout episodes. Results: Results showed a statistically significant positive association between cannabis consumption and cannabis use consequences (B=0.73, p&lt;.001), adjusting for the other variables in the model. Blackout, but not HED, was a significant moderator (B=0.19, p=.003). Discussion: The findings of this study indicate that blackout experiences amplify the relationship between cannabis use and cannabis-related consequences among college students. This underscores that blackouts not only signal a risk of problematic drinking but also exacerbate the association between cannabis use and its negative consequences. Conclusion: Findings may inform college campus interventions targeting cannabis and alcohol concurrent-users who experience alcohol-induced blackouts to reduce their additional risk for cannabis-related consequences. 


id: oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/194
date: 2025-01-07
pages: Cannabis; Vol. 7 No. 1 (2024): Special Issue: College Student Cannabis Use Vol. 2; 49-66
extension: The Research Society on Marijuana
mime: eng
words: none
sentence: https://publications.sciences.ucf.edu/cannabis/index.php/Cannabis/article/download/194/145
author:
  Smith-LeCavalier, Kirstyn; Morris, Paige ; Larimer, Mary; Buckner, Julia; Walukevich-Dienst, Katherine

title:
  General and Domain-Specific Perceived Risk Demonstrate Unique Associations with Cannabis Use, Negative Outcomes, and Motivation to Change among Undergraduate Students

flesch:
  College student cannabis use is at an all-time high. Although frequent heavy cannabis use is related to cannabis problems, perceived risk of cannabis use is rapidly decreasing. Yet, it is unknown whether specific domains of risk perceptions (general and domain-specific risk, risk to others and personal risk) are related to more cannabis use or related problems. Thus, among 130 undergraduates who reported past-month cannabis use, the present study conducted secondary analyses to test whether, for both perceived risk to others and perceived personal risk: (1) general perceived risk was associated with cannabis-related outcomes (i.e., use, negative consequences, cannabis use disorder (CUD) symptoms, motivation to change), (2) seven specific domains of perceived risk were related to cannabis outcomes, and (3) domain-specific perceived risk was related to cannabis use frequency. General perceived risk to others was negatively associated with cannabis use frequency whereas general perceived personal risk was positively associated with cannabis-related negative consequences, CUD symptoms, and importance and readiness to change. Greater legal and withdrawal/dependence risks were uniquely related to several outcomes (e.g., CUD symptoms). Participants who used cannabis frequently perceived more personal risk in most risk domains and less general risk to others than those who used infrequently. Findings suggest personal risk is an important component to consider when assessing perceived risk of cannabis use and focusing on both general and domain-specific risks may provide valuable insight for future prevention and intervention efforts.


id: oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/197
author: Giaquinto, Francesca; Knapp, Jessica; Kulak, Jessica; Kimberly Kamper DeMarco
title: Correlates of Cannabis Use and Self-Control Across a Diverse Sample of College Students: 2020-2022
date: 2025-01-07
pages: Cannabis; Vol. 7 No. 1 (2024): Special Issue: College Student Cannabis Use Vol. 2; 99-110
extension: The Research Society on Marijuana
mime: eng
words: none
sentence: https://publications.sciences.ucf.edu/cannabis/index.php/Cannabis/article/download/197/148
flesch:
  Background: Despite the established relationship between substance use and self-control, it is unknown how the COVID-19 pandemic may have played a role in this association. Given the unique circumstances of the pandemic along with changing societal regulations surrounding cannabis use, and their collective impact on college students, there is a need to examine the relationship between cannabis and self-control during the pandemic era. Methods: Data was collected from a repeated cross-sectional sample of college students at a mid-sized, urban U.S. institution during 2020-2022. Logistic and negative binominal regression analyses along with an ANCOVA were conducted to examine associations between self-control and past 30-day cannabis use. Results: Lower self-control was significantly associated with using cannabis in the past 30-days with those individuals with self-reported low self-control using cannabis significantly more and more times per day. Finally, we found that both past 30-day cannabis use and cohort significantly predicted self-control with both individuals who report past 30-day cannabis use and the 2020 cohort reporting lower levels of self-control. There was not a significant interaction effect. Conclusions: Despite evolving legislation regarding both medicinal and recreational cannabis use, colleges often maintain drug-free campus policies. Given high rates of cannabis use among college students and continued development of self-control, this association should be examined longitudinally and considered when creating college-level cannabis policies. Implications for college students surrounding COVID-era environments, and self-control are discussed.


id: oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/200
author: Corcoran, Erin; Janssen, Tim; Gabrielli, Joy; Jackson, Kristina
date: 2025-01-07
pages: Cannabis; Vol. 7 No. 2 (2024): Cannabis; 38-50
extension: The Research Society on Marijuana
mime: eng
words: none
sentence: https://publications.sciences.ucf.edu/cannabis/index.php/Cannabis/article/download/200/163
title:
  Cross-substance Effects of Adolescent Exposure to Alcohol Content in Popular Movies on Cannabis Initiation

flesch:
  Objective: Alcohol is the most frequently depicted substance in the media, and adolescent exposure to alcohol in the media predicts alcohol use. There is relatively little research on exposure to cannabis in the media, but exposure to alcohol content may exert cross-substance effects on cannabis use. Given the social and health risks associated with early cannabis use, the present study aims to assess the cross-substance effects of exposure to alcohol media content on age of cannabis initiation. Method: A sample of 830 middle school students (53% female) reported on movie alcohol exposure and cannabis initiation longitudinally until high school completion. Discrete-time survival models examined whether movie alcohol exposure predicted subsequent initiation among students who were cannabis-naÃ¯ve at baseline, controlling for demographic, social, and behavioral covariates. The interaction between sex and movie alcohol exposure was also explored. Results: One third (33%) of participants reported cannabis initiation with a mean of 5.57 estimated hours (SD = 4.29) of movie alcohol exposure. A 1-hour increase in movie exposure predicted a significant 16% increased probability of cannabis initiation in models adjusted for demographic variables and a significant 14% increase in models adjusted for demographic, behavioral, and social variables. No differences were observed across sex. Conclusions: Greater adolescent exposure to alcohol content in the media was associated with earlier cannabis initiation above and beyond other etiologically relevant demographic, behavioral, and social variables. The influence of cross-substance media exposures warrants further exploration and should be taken into consideration in the development of preventive interventions for youth substance use.


id: oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/203
author: Bradley, Abigail; Salmon, Melissa ; Wohl, Michael; Howard, Andrea
date: 2025-01-07
pages: Cannabis; Vol. 7 No. 2 (2024): Cannabis; 65-76
extension: The Research Society on Marijuana
mime: eng
words: none
sentence: https://publications.sciences.ucf.edu/cannabis/index.php/Cannabis/article/download/203/165
title:
  Impact of Legalization on Cannabis Use, Attitudes, and Purchasing Preferences: A Repeated Cross-Sectional Survey of Canadian Young Adults

flesch:
  Objective: The Government of Canada legalized recreational cannabis use in October of 2018 with the implementation of the Cannabis Act. The act aimed to reduce the illicit cannabis market, improve consumer health outcomes, and reduce youth access to cannabis. However, little is known about the attitudes and behaviors of young adults, who have been shown to have a high prevalence of cannabis use, towards cannabis after legalization. Method: In this descriptive study, we examined cannabis use, attitudes, and purchasing preferences among Canadian university-attending young adults both before and after the legalization of cannabis. Participants were recruited from a large Canadian university from 2017 to 2021. Results: Our findings showed that there was an increase in cannabis use immediately following legalization that subsequently decreased in later years. Additionally, attitudes about the legalization of cannabis became more favorable in later years (following legalization), particularly among those who did not use cannabis. Most young adults were also keen to purchase cannabis from a government-owned store before legalization. However, with the exception of past-month consumers, this preference decreased substantially following legalization. Conclusions: The current research adds to the knowledge base about changes in cannabis-related attitudes and use after legalization and focuses on a key population â€“ young adults.


id: oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/206
author: Smith, Gregory
date: 2025-01-31
pages: Cannabis; Vol. 8 No. 1 (2025): Cannabis; 109-120
extension: The Research Society on Marijuana
mime: eng
words: none
sentence: https://publications.sciences.ucf.edu/cannabis/index.php/Cannabis/article/download/206/167
title:
  Weight Loss and Therapeutic Metabolic Effects of Tetrahydrocannabivarin (THCV)-Infused Mucoadhesive Strips

flesch:
  Objective: Metabolic syndrome is due to dysregulation that starts with fat accumulation, causing inflammatory response, insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, hypertension, and fatty liver disease. The endocannabinoid system, via cannabinoid receptor type 1 (CB1), has been shown to be involved with energy homeostasis and regulation of appetitive behavior via activity in the hypothalamus, limbic forebrain and amygdala and in the peripheral tissues including adipose, liver and muscle. Therefore, two phytocannabinoids, tetrahydrocannabivarin (THCV), a CB1 neutral antagonist, and cannabidiol (CBD), a negative allosteric modulator of CB1, are expected to have therapeutic metabolic benefits, including weight loss. Method: A placebo-controlled study was conducted on 44 subjects (31 females and 13 males) with an average age of 51.75. The study evaluated the efficacy of two different doses of THCV and CBD (8 mg THCV/10 mg CBD in the lower dose and 16 mg THCV/20 mg CBD in the higher dose), taken once daily for 90 days via mucoadhesive oral strips, for weight loss and improvement of certain metabolic markers. Results: Use of the THCV/CBD strip was associated with statistically significant weight loss, decreases in abdominal girth, systolic blood pressure, and total and LDL cholesterol. The study was limited by small sample sizes in both the high dose and placebo groups. Conclusions: The 16 mg/20 mg daily dose was superior for weight loss compared to the 8 mg/10 mg daily dose; both sets of results differed from placebo in a way that was statistically significant. The results of this study were congruent with the prior unpublished studies of a hemp extract containing significant percentages ofÂ  THCV, CBDV and CBD.


id: oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/208
author: Walker, Mariah; Lake, Stephanie ; Tempero, Jose; Ong, Kaye; Lucas, Philippe
title: Age-related Patterns of Medical Cannabis Use: A Survey of Authorized Patients in Canada
date: 2025-01-07
pages: Cannabis; Vol. 7 No. 2 (2024): Cannabis; 135-149
extension: The Research Society on Marijuana
mime: eng
words: none
sentence: https://publications.sciences.ucf.edu/cannabis/index.php/Cannabis/article/download/208/154
flesch:
  Objective: An increasing number of Canadians are registering as authorized users of medical cannabis. Older patients comprise a growing subset of this population; however, relatively little information exists around age-related patterns of medical cannabis use. Methods: The Canadian Cannabis Patient Survey (CCPS) is a large cross-sectional survey of authorized medical cannabis patients in Canada. This publication summarizes the results of the CCPS 2021, with a focus on age-related outcomes and the elderly sub-population. Results: The survey was completed by 2,697 patients. The mean age of participants was 54.3 years of age and the proportion of female respondents was 49.1%. Among older patients, pain was the most common symptom, while anxiety was the most common symptom reported by younger patients. Older patients exhibited a significant preference for oral administration over inhalation of medical cannabis when compared to younger patients, respectively (p&gt;0.05). Among patients taking prescription opioids, most of whom were older patients, 54% reported a decrease in use concurrent with medical cannabis. Conclusions: Older patients comprise a growing subset of medical cannabis patients, which is also reflected in CCPS participants over time. This patient population exhibits different patterns of use compared to their younger counterparts, preferring high CBD orally ingested formulations, which they use primarily to treat pain-related illnesses/symptoms. Overall, study participants reported that cannabis had a high degree of efficacy in alleviating their illness/symptoms, and many reported a reduction in their use of prescription opioids, alcohol, tobacco, and other substances.


id: oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/20
author: Pedersen, Eric R.; Villarosa-Hurlocker, Margo C.; Prince, Mark A.
title: Use of Protective Behavioral Strategies among Young Adult Veteran Marijuana Users
date: 2018-01-30
pages: Cannabis; Vol. 1 No. 1 (2018): Cannabis; 14-27
extension: The Research Society on Marijuana
mime: eng
words: none
sentence: https://publications.sciences.ucf.edu/cannabis/index.php/Cannabis/article/download/20/4
flesch:
  Young adult veterans are at risk for problematic marijuana use and associated consequences, which is partially due to their high rates of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), depression, and problematic substance use. Veterans tend to endorse more severe and chronic mental health symptoms compared to their civilian counterparts and they endorse marijuana use as a method for coping with their mental health symptoms. Given the prevalence of marijuana among veterans in the community and in clinical settings, it is important to explore the factors that may help minimize harm associated with use for those that choose to use the drug. The present study sought to examine the impact of protective behavioral strategies on the relationship between mental health symptoms and marijuana use and consequences in a sample of 180 young adult veteran marijuana users. Participants were recruited via social media advertisements and completed measures of marijuana use and consequences, protective behavioral strategies, and PTSD and depression symptoms. Findings indicated that more frequent use of protective behavioral strategies was associated with less marijuana use and consequences. Participants who screened positive for PTSD or depression reported more marijuana consequences than did those not positive on these screeners. Regression analyses revealed protective strategies moderated the relationship between PTSD and marijuana consequences such that young veterans who endorsed more PTSD symptoms and infrequent use of protective strategies reported the most marijuana consequences. No moderating effects were found for the relationship between depression and marijuana consequences. Findings have clinical implications for working with young veterans. DOI: 10.26828/cannabis.2018.01.002


id: oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/211
date: 2025-01-07
pages: Cannabis; Vol. 7 No. 2 (2024): Cannabis; 77-92
extension: The Research Society on Marijuana
mime: eng
words: none
sentence: https://publications.sciences.ucf.edu/cannabis/index.php/Cannabis/article/download/211/161
author:
  Montgomery, Zannie; Michelini, Yanina; Bravo, Adrian J.; Pilatti, Angelina; Mezquita, Laura; Study Team, Cross-Cultural Addictions

title:
  Substance Use Motives as Mediators of the Associations between Self-Control Constructs and Negative Substance Use Consequences: A Cross-Cultural Examination

flesch:
  The present study sought to examine three distinct research questions: a) are self-control constructs (i.e., negative/positive urgency, self-regulation, and emotion-regulation) indirectly related to negative alcohol/marijuana consequences via substance use motives, b) to what extent are these indirect effects consistent across differing drugs (i.e., alcohol and marijuana), and c) are these models invariant across gender and countries. Participants were 2,230 college students (mean age=20.28, SD=0.40; 71.1% females) across 7 countries (USA, Canada, Spain, England, Argentina, Uruguay, and South Africa) who consumed alcohol and marijuana in the last month.Â  Two (one for alcohol and one for marijuana) fully saturated path models were conducted, such that indirect paths were examined for each self-control construct and substance use motive on negative consequences (e.g., negative urgency â†’ coping motives â†’ negative consequences) within the same model. Within the comprehensive alcohol model, we found that lower self-regulation and higher negative urgency/suppression were related to more alcohol consequences via higher coping and conformity motives. For marijuana, we found that lower self-regulation and higher negative urgency/suppression were related to more marijuana consequences via higher coping motives (not significant for conformity motives). Unique to marijuana, we did find support for higher expansion motives indirectly linking positive urgency to more negative consequences. These results were invariant across gender groups and only minor differences across countries emerged. Prevention and intervention programs of alcohol and marijuana around university campuses may benefit from targeting self-control related skills in addition to motives to drug use to prevent and reduce negative drug-related consequences.


id: oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/215
author: Mullin, Christopher; Cservenka, Anita
title: Cannabis Use and Academic Performance in College Students: The Role of Procrastination
date: 2025-01-07
pages: Cannabis; Vol. 7 No. 2 (2024): Cannabis; 108-122
extension: The Research Society on Marijuana
mime: eng
words: none
sentence: https://publications.sciences.ucf.edu/cannabis/index.php/Cannabis/article/download/215/131
flesch:
  Objective: The current study investigated procrastination as a potential moderator of the association between cannabis use and college grade point average (GPA). Participants: 220 college students (ages 18-24; 71.8% female) in the Northwestern U.S. who were registered for classes in Fall 2021. Methods: Demographic questions, substance use history, the Beck Anxiety Inventory, the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression scale, and a Procrastination scale were completed via an online survey. Official term and cumulative GPA records were also collected. Results: A regression model indicated that procrastination moderated the association between lifetime cannabis use and cumulative college GPA, whereas this moderation was not present when examining the relationship between past month cannabis use and term GPA. Conclusion: The current study identifies a putatively modifiable factor that may be related to academic performance for students who use cannabis. These results may help inform future interventions designed to help students using cannabis succeed academically.


id: oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/216
author: Sridharan, Priyanka; Romm, Katelyn ; Berg, Carla
date: 2025-01-07
pages: Cannabis; Vol. 7 No. 2 (2024): Cannabis; 51-64
extension: The Research Society on Marijuana
mime: eng
words: none
sentence: https://publications.sciences.ucf.edu/cannabis/index.php/Cannabis/article/download/216/164
title:
  Use of Cannabis for Medical or Recreational Purposes Among US Young Adults: Correlates and Implications for Problematic Use and Interest in Quitting

flesch:
  Objective: Recreational and medical cannabis use has increased, particularly among young adults, but little is known regarding who uses for these purposes or how purpose of use is associated with problematic use. Method: We analyzed Fall 2019 survey data among 1,083 US young adults (ages 18-34) reporting past 6-month cannabis use. Multivariable regression analyses examined: 1) characteristics of those using for only/primarily medical purposes, primarily recreationally, and only recreationally vs. equally for medical and recreational purposes (referent; multinomial logistic); and 2) reasons for use in relation to cannabis use disorder symptoms (linear) and driving under the influence of cannabis (DUIC; binary logistic). Results: 37.1% used only recreationally, 23.5% primarily recreationally, 21.5% equally for both, and 17.8% medically. Compared to those using equally for medical and recreational purposes, those using only/primarily medically had fewer friends who used cannabis; those using primarily recreationally were younger, more educated, less likely used tobacco, and reported fewer ACEs. Those using only recreationally were younger, more likely male, less likely to report an ADHD diagnosis or past-month alcohol or tobacco use, and reported fewer friends who used cannabis, ACEs, and depressive symptoms. Using equally for medical and recreational purposes (vs. all other cannabis use subgroups) correlated with greater use disorder symptoms and DUIC. Conclusions: Using cannabis equally for medical and recreational purposes may pose particularly high-risk, given the association with greater mental health concerns and problematic use. Understanding use profiles and how young adults interpret and distinguish medical and recreational use is critical.


id: oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/217
author: Vogel, Erin; Romm, Katelyn; Berg, Carla
date: 2025-01-07
pages: Cannabis; Vol. 7 No. 2 (2024): Cannabis; 11-23
extension: The Research Society on Marijuana
mime: eng
words: none
sentence: https://publications.sciences.ucf.edu/cannabis/index.php/Cannabis/article/download/217/135
title:
  Emotion Regulation Moderates Associations between Discrimination and Cannabis Use Patterns among Sexual Minority Young Adult Women

flesch:
  Background: Sexual minority young adults (SMYAs) experience discrimination and have high cannabis use prevalence. Discrimination may be associated with cannabis use, including hazardous use and co-use with tobacco, depending on emotion regulation and gender. Methods: Fall 2020 survey data assessed discrimination, use frequency of emotion regulation strategies (i.e., cognitive reappraisal, expressive suppression), current cannabis use, hazardous use, and cannabis-tobacco dual use among SMYAs (age 18-34) in 6 United States metropolitan areas (women: n=450, Mage =24.1, SD=4.7, 69.6% bisexual, 18.2% lesbian/gay, 12.2% other; men: n=254, Mage=24.7, SD=4.5, 33.5% bisexual, 54.3% gay, 12.2% other). Multivariable logistic regression examined the moderating roles of cognitive reappraisal and expressive suppression on associations of discrimination with cannabis use outcomes, stratified by gender and adjusted for age, race and ethnicity, and employment. Results: Among SMYA women, 89.5% experienced any discrimination; 53.1% reported current cannabis use, of whom 49.4% and 47.7% reported hazardous use and cannabis-tobacco dual use, respectively. Adjusting for sociodemographics, experiencing greater discrimination was associated with greater odds of hazardous cannabis use (aOR=1.08, 95% CI [1.02, 1.15]) and cannabis-tobacco dual use (aOR=1.04, 95% CI [1.01, 1.08]) among SMYA women with greater use of expressive suppression. Among SMYA men, 83.9% experienced any discrimination; 49.2% reported current cannabis use, of whom 55.2% and 44.0% reported hazardous use and cannabis-tobacco dual use. Discrimination and emotion regulation were unrelated to cannabis use outcomes among men. Conclusions: Given high rates of discrimination experiences among SMYAs, emotion regulation skills training may empower SMYAs, particularly women, to cope with discrimination without using cannabis.


id: oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/223
date: 2025-01-07
pages: Cannabis; Vol. 7 No. 2 (2024): Cannabis; 123-134
extension: The Research Society on Marijuana
mime: eng
words: none
sentence: https://publications.sciences.ucf.edu/cannabis/index.php/Cannabis/article/download/223/158
author:
  Pipitone, R. Nathan; Banai, Benjamin; Walters, Jessica; Dautrich, Tyler ; Schuller, Kelly ; Rosenthal, Martha

title:
  Using Smartphone Technology to Track Real-Time Changes in Anxiety/Depression Symptomatology Among Florida Cannabis Users

flesch:
  Objective: Recent scientific attention has focused on the therapeutic effectiveness of cannabis use on a variety of physical and mental ailments. The present study uses smartphone technology to assess self-reported experiences of Florida cannabis users to understand how cannabis may impact anxiety and depression symptomatology. Method: Several hundred Releaf AppTM users from the state of Florida provided anonymous, real-time reports of their symptoms of anxiety and/or depression immediately before and after cannabis use sessions. Linear mixed-effects modeling was used to analyze the data at the symptom and user level. Results: Results showed that for the majority of users, cannabis use was associated with a significant decrease in depression and anxiety symptomatology. While symptom type, doses per session, consumption method, and CBD levels were significant predictors of relief change, their effect sizes were small and should be interpreted with caution. At the user level, those who had positive relief outcomes in anxiety reported more doses and sessions, and those in the depression group reported more sessions. Conclusions: Our results generally support the therapeutic effectiveness of cannabis against depression/anxiety symptomatology. Future work should include standardized statistics and effect size estimates for a better understanding of each variableâ€™s practical contribution to this area of study.


id: oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/224
author: Marinello, Samantha
date: 2025-01-31
pages: Cannabis; Vol. 8 No. 1 (2025): Cannabis; 50-64
extension: The Research Society on Marijuana
mime: eng
words: none
sentence: https://publications.sciences.ucf.edu/cannabis/index.php/Cannabis/article/download/224/166
title:
  The Impact of Recreational Cannabis Markets on Cannabis Use Among Adolescents and Adults: A Synthetic Control Analysis

flesch:
  Objective: To assess the longer-term impacts of recreational cannabis markets on cannabis use among adolescents and adults across five U.S. states. Method: Drawing on state-level data from the National Survey on Drug Use and Health, this study uses a novel method of causal inference called the synthetic control method with staggered treatment adoption to estimate the pooled effect of recreational markets on prevalence and initiation of use in Colorado, Washington, Oregon, Alaska, and Nevada. Three separate models were used for those 12-17, 18-25, and 26 and older. Pre-treatment state-level characteristics and trends in cannabis use were used to generate synthetic control weights. Confidence intervals were constructed using a leave-one-out jackknifing method. Results: Synthetic controls and treated states were similar in terms of sociodemographic characteristics, prevalence of other drug use, and trends in cannabis use prior to the implementation of recreational markets. The study results revealed moderate increases in prevalence and initiation of use among adolescents aged 12-17 (11% and 13%, respectively), and large increases in prevalence and initiation of use among young adults aged 18-25 (17% and 33%, respectively) and older adults aged 26 and older (33% and 82%, respectively) 2-4 years after dispensaries became operational. Conclusions: The findings of this study suggest recreational cannabis markets have increased prevalence and initiation of cannabis use among adolescents and adults. These increases may lead to adverse health outcomes depending on factors such as frequency of use and characteristics of users.


id: oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/225
author: McCool, Matison; Pearson, Matthew
date: 2025-01-31
pages: Cannabis; Vol. 8 No. 1 (2025): Cannabis; 65-80
extension: The Research Society on Marijuana
mime: eng
words: none
sentence: https://publications.sciences.ucf.edu/cannabis/index.php/Cannabis/article/download/225/175
title:
  Beyond Frequency and Quantity of Cannabis Consumption Among College Students: Context of Using Cannabis Relates to Cannabis-Related Outcomes

flesch:
  Objective: Due to little knowledge regarding the contextual factors related to cannabis use, we aimed to provide descriptive statistics regarding contextual factors related to use and examine the predictive ability of contextual factors. Method: We included college student participants (n = 5700; male = 2893, female = 3702, other gender identity = 48, missing = 57) from three multi-site studies in our analyses. We examined the means and standard deviations of contextual factors related to cannabis use (social context/setting, form of cannabis, route of administration, source of purchase, and proxies of use). Additionally, we tested the predictive ability of the contextual factors on cannabis use consequences, protective behavioral strategies, and severity of cannabis use disorder, via an exploratory machine learning model (random forest). Results: Descriptive statistics and the correlations between the contextual factors and the three outcomes are provided. Exploratory random forests indicated that contextual factors may be helpful in predicting consequences and protective behavioral strategies and especially useful in predicting the severity of cannabis use disorder. Conclusions: Contextual factors of cannabis use warrants further exploration, especially considering the difficulty in assessing dosage when individuals are likely to consume in a group context. We propose considering measuring contextual factors along with use in the past 30 days and consequences of use.


id: oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/227
author: Morgan, Reed; Trager, Bradley; Boyle, Sarah; Rainosek, Layla; LaBrie, Joseph
date: 2025-01-07
pages: Cannabis; Vol. 7 No. 2 (2024): Cannabis; 24-37
extension: The Research Society on Marijuana
mime: eng
words: none
sentence: https://publications.sciences.ucf.edu/cannabis/index.php/Cannabis/article/download/227/153
title:
  Changes in Parent-Student Text Message and Phone Call Communication During the Transition to College as Predictors of Cannabis and Simultaneous Use During the First Year

flesch:
  Parent communication can be protective against cannabis use among young adults. However, changes in parent-student communication frequency naturally occur during the transition from high school to college. Recent research suggests declines in parent-student communication frequency predict increased drinking and consequences during the first year of college, yet these effects on other risky behaviors are unknown. The current study investigated whether post-matriculation changes in frequency of texting/calling with parents predict cannabis use and simultaneous use of cannabis and alcohol, and whether pre-matriculation cannabis and simultaneous use predict changes in communication. First-year students (N = 287, 61.3% female, 50.9% White) reported cannabis and simultaneous use pre- and post-matriculation (T1 &amp; T3) and changes in frequency of texting/calling their mother/father per day (T2). Negative binomial hurdle models examined whether T2 changes in communication frequency predicted T3 cannabis and simultaneous use, and logistic regression models examined whether T1 cannabis and simultaneous use predicted T2 changes in communication frequency. Results revealed that increasing (vs. decreasing) frequency of calling with mothers and texting with fathers was protective against cannabis use, whereas increasing frequency of calling with fathers was associated with greater risk of use. Changes in communication did not significantly predict simultaneous use, nor did pre-matriculation cannabis or simultaneous use predict changes in either mode of communication with parents during the college transition. These findings highlight that changes in mother and father communication may be both beneficial and detrimental to cannabis use depending on the parent and mode of communication. Implications for these findings are discussed.


id: oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/229
author: Gendy, Marie N. S. ; Taisir, Radia; Britton, Emily; Costello, Jean; MacKillop, James
title: Rasch Analysis of Cannabis Use Disorder in an Adult Inpatient Sample
date: 2025-07-14
pages: Cannabis; Vol. 8 No. 2 (2025): Cannabis; 141-152
extension: The Research Society on Marijuana
mime: eng
words: none
sentence: https://publications.sciences.ucf.edu/cannabis/index.php/Cannabis/article/download/229/207
flesch:
  Objective: The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders version 5 (DSM-5) defines cannabis use disorder as a polythetic unidimensional diagnosis (&gt;2 symptoms from up to 11), but few studies have empirically evaluated the latent structure of CUD. Rasch analysis is a psychometric technique that has previously been used to validate unidimensional scales, like DSM-5 CUD. Method: In this study, the Rasch model was used to evaluate the DSM-5 CUD criteria in a clinical sample of adults receiving inpatient treatment for substance use disorder (n = 249) reporting active cannabis use at admission. The unidimensionality of the criteria was evaluated using the Martin-LÃ¶f test and the nonparametric â€“T2 test of Ponocny. Model fit was assessed using the Ï‡2goodness of fit test for individual items. Results: Results supported the unidimensional structure of the criteria. Symptom # 3 was the least endorsed, highest severity item. Conversely, symptom #9 was the most endorsed and had the lowest severity estimate. Overall, the data fit the Rasch model well, although misfit was observed for symptom # 8. Conclusions: Rasch's analysis of CUD symptoms in an inpatient sample broadly supports the DSM-5 CUD syndrome. Further examination is needed to determine if removing or revising the hazardous use symptom criterion in future DSM revisions would improve diagnostic measurement.


id: oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/22
date: 2018-07-07
pages: Cannabis; Vol. 1 No. 2 (2018): Cannabis; 36-47
extension: The Research Society on Marijuana
mime: eng
words: none
author:
  Glasner, Suzette; Kay-Lambkin, Frances; Budney, Alan J.; Gitlin, Michael; Kagan, Bruce; Garneau, Helene Chokron; Venegas, Alexandra

title:
  Preliminary Outcomes of a Computerized CBT/MET Intervention for Depressed Cannabis Users in Psychiatry Care

sentence:
  https://publications.sciences.ucf.edu/cannabis/index.php/Cannabis/article/download/cannabis.2018.02.004/11

flesch:
  Although depression is common among cannabis users, there is a paucity of targeted interventions addressing depression and cannabis use disorders concurrently. In the present pilot study, we examine the feasibility, acceptability, and preliminary outcomes of a computer-assisted intervention combining cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) and motivational enhancement therapy (MET) techniques for adults with comorbid major depressive disorder (MDD) and cannabis use disorder (CUD) presenting for care in a psychiatric setting. Adults with MDD and CUD (N=26) recruited from mental health care settings were enrolled in a 10-week, computer-assisted psychosocial intervention: Self-Help for Alcohol and other Drug Use and Depression (SHADE). Feasibility, acceptability, perceived helpfulness, treatment retention, completion, and clinical outcomes including cannabis use and depression were assessed. Participants found the SHADE intervention to be acceptable and helpful in facilitating action towards their therapeutic goals concerning depression and cannabis use. Treatment completion, achieved by the majority (85%) of participants, was excellent. On average, participants reduced their past 30 day cannabis use from baseline (mean percentage of days using = 69%) to follow-up (M=44%) (t(22)= 2.3, p&lt;0.05; Effect Size= 0.79). Concurrently, they evidenced reductions in depressive symptom severity, from the moderately severe range at baseline to the mild range at follow-up (t(24)=7.3, p&lt;0.001; Effect Size=1.52). Addressing comorbid CUD and MDD using a computer-assisted, evidence-based treatment strategy is feasible in a psychiatric care setting, and may produce improvements in both depressive symptoms and cannabis use. DOI: 10.26828/cannabis.2018.02.004


id: oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/231
author: Smith, E. Halle; McPhail, Abby; Lermas, Marcos; Pfund, Rory A. ; Whelan, James P.
title: Expectations of How Acute Cannabis Use Affects Gambling Experiences and Behaviors
date: 2025-01-07
pages: Cannabis; Vol. 7 No. 2 (2024): Cannabis; 150-162
extension: The Research Society on Marijuana
mime: eng
words: none
sentence: https://publications.sciences.ucf.edu/cannabis/index.php/Cannabis/article/download/231/156
flesch:
  Emerging research shows that many individuals commonly consume cannabis while gambling. However, individualsâ€™ expectations for how cannabis consumption will impact their gambling behavior remain unknown. Participants who gambled weekly (N = 472) were recruited from Amazon Mechanical Turk and completed assessments of gambling behaviors, cannabis consumption, and expectations about the influence of cannabis on gambling. Almost all participants (94%) screened positive for problem gambling. Over half of participants (55%) reported lifetime cannabis consumption, and almost all those participants (99%) reported gambling under the influence of cannabis (GUIC) in the past month. Most participants agreed with positive expectations of gambling; they expected that they would feel calmer when under the influence of cannabis (61.4%), that gambling would be more enjoyable (61.0%), and that their gambling skills would increase when GUIC (60.6%). At the same time, most participants also agreed with negative expectations of GUIC. They expected cannabis use would make them more careless (56.4%), more anxious (54.8%), and less able to concentrate (53.7%) while gambling. Negative cannabis expectancies were significantly associated with the severity of cannabis consumption. Both positive and negative cannabis expectancies were significantly associated with gambling problems and time spent gambling under the influence of cannabis. These findings indicate that expectations may influence the decision to consume cannabis and gamble simultaneously. This study contributes to the need for addressing cannabis expectations during treatment of gambling problems.


id: oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/233
author: Appleseth, Hannah; Azizoddin, Desiree R.; Cohn, Amy M.
title: The Intersection of Rurality, Unmet Treatment Need, and Cannabis Use for Adults with Chronic Pain
date: 2025-01-31
pages: Cannabis; Vol. 8 No. 1 (2025): Cannabis; 8-20
extension: The Research Society on Marijuana
mime: eng
words: none
sentence: https://publications.sciences.ucf.edu/cannabis/index.php/Cannabis/article/download/233/170
flesch:
  Objective: Rates of chronic pain are higher among rural versus urban individuals and rural individuals experience higher levels of socioeconomic disadvantage, poor or no health insurance coverage, and unmet treatment need. Medical cannabis is legal in Oklahoma. With 40% of Oklahomaâ€™s population living in rural areas, and nearly 17% uninsured, the medical legalization of cannabis may present as an accessible and relatively low-cost alternative treatment, particularly for those with chronic pain. This study investigated differences in cannabis use by rural (vs. urban) status and unmet (vs. met) treatment need among adults with and without chronic pain living in Oklahoma. Method: To be eligible, participants had to be 18 years or older, reside in Oklahoma, and be able to read and write English-language surveys. Results: The sample (N = 3622) was primarily made up of non-Hispanic White (70.4%) females (53.8%) in their early middle age (M = 41.80, SD = 16.88), employed full-time or part-time (53.8%), with some college/technical school (37.2%) or a bachelorâ€™s degree (28.5%). Nearly one-fifth of the sample (18.2%) endorsed chronic pain, and individuals with chronic pain were eight times more likely to report past 30-day cannabis use. No difference was detected when only rurality (vs. urban residence) was examined. Among adults with chronic pain, those who were rural dwelling and who reported unmet treatment need were almost two times more likely to report past 30-day cannabis use, compared to urban dwelling chronic pain adults with unmet treatment need. Conclusions: In Oklahoma, adults in rural areas with unmet treatment need and chronic pain may benefit from increasing access to chronic pain treatment, as well as education on cannabis use and harm reduction strategies to inform healthcare decision-making.Â 


id: oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/234
title: Age-Gating and Marketing Differences Between Storefront and Non-Storefront Cannabis Retailers
date: 2025-01-31
pages: Cannabis; Vol. 8 No. 1 (2025): Cannabis; 95-108
extension: The Research Society on Marijuana
mime: eng
words: none
sentence: https://publications.sciences.ucf.edu/cannabis/index.php/Cannabis/article/download/234/171
author:
  Rhee, Joshua U.; Padon, Alisa A.; Silver, Lynn D.; Li, Lingling; Nguyen, Ethan N. K.; Paredes, Jacob; Timberlake, David S.

flesch:
  Objective: The study investigated whether California storefront and non-storefront cannabis retailers are adhering to online age-gating requirements and whether differences in website marketing practices exist. Methods: Websites of 134 storefront and 115 non-storefront licensed retailers were randomly selected. Bivariate associations were tested between retailer type and website marketing, age-gating methods, and presence of age-gating at various purchase stages. Results: Among the 200 (80.3%) websites with age-gating when entering, 182 (91%) employed an ineffective method where users click either â€œYesâ€ or â€œNoâ€ to confirm their age. Moreover, 49 (19.68%) websites lacked age-gating when entering. Amongst those requiring photo identification during checkout (n = 100, 40.16%), 97% allowed users to proceed after uploading an irrelevant image. Significantly more storefront retailers employed combined age-gating at entry, mandatory account registration, and age-gating during checkout than non-storefront retailers, X2 (1, N= 249) = 7.69, p &lt; .01. Retailer websites frequently displayed â€œcleanâ€ labels (n = 200, 80.32%), followed by positive state claims (n= 198, 79.52%), physical health claims (n = 166, 66.67%), and mental health claims (n = 146, 58.63%). Significantly more storefront retailers displayed physical health claims, X2 (1, N = 249) = 7.52, p &lt; .01, and health warnings than non-storefront retailers, X2 (1, N= 249) = 4.13, p = .04. Conclusions: Most cannabis retailers comply with age-gating requirements; however, methods employed are easily circumvented. Youthsâ€™ easy and unrestricted access to cannabis retailer websites may increase positive attitudes about cannabis and encourage use.


id: oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/235
author: Trangenstein, Pamela J.; Greenfield, Thomas K.; Patterson, Deidre M. ; Kerr, William C.
date: 2025-07-14
pages: Cannabis; Vol. 8 No. 2 (2025): Cannabis; 18-32
extension: The Research Society on Marijuana
mime: eng
words: none
sentence: https://publications.sciences.ucf.edu/cannabis/index.php/Cannabis/article/download/235/204
title:
  Measuring the Association Between Cannabis Dispensary Density and Adult Consumption in a Statewide Setting: Does Urbanicity Matter?

flesch:
  Objective: This study used data from early stages of non-medical cannabis legalization in Washington State to 1) Compare cannabis dispensary density measures by urbanicity, 2) Test if dispensary density was associated with cannabis use overall and by urbanicity. Method: Data are from the Privatization of Spirits in Washington Surveys (n = 2,162 adults) and licensing records. We graphed six cannabis dispensary density measures by urbanicity. Logistic regressions tested if dispensary density was associated with 1) cannabis use at least bimonthly and 2) daily/near-daily cannabis use after adjusting for urbanicity. Regressions stratified by urbanicity determined whether associations differed in urban vs. suburban/rural areas. Results: Crude counts and counts per population were higher in suburban/rural areas. Counts per land area, counts in a 3- to 5-mile buffer, proximity, and clustering detected greater densities in urban areas. Monthly/bimonthly cannabis use was associated with counts per buffer in the full sample (aOR = 1.08 [1.02, 1.14]) and urban areas (aOR = 1.08 [1.02, 1.14]). Clustering was associated with monthly/bimonthly use in suburban/rural areas (aOR = 7.85 [1.31, 47.17]). Daily/near-daily use was associated with proximity and clustering in the full sample (proximity: aOR = 0.78 [0.64, 0.97]; clustering: aOR = 2.44 [1.32, 4.51]), urban areas (proximity: aOR = 0.67 [0.49, 0.92]; clustering: aOR = 2.29 [1.22, 4.32]), and suburban/rural areas (proximity: aOR = 0.66 [0.45, 0.97]; clustering: aOR = 11.10 [1.55, 79.36]). Conclusions: In Washingtonâ€™s early non-medical cannabis market, dispensary availability (counts) was associated with monthly/bimonthly use. Accessibility (proximity) and clustering were associated with daily/near-daily use. Dispensary density thresholds and minimum distances between dispensaries may reduce regular and frequent cannabis use in Washington.


id: oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/236
author: Romm, Katelyn; McDonald, Sunny; DiLissio, Emma; Dearfield, Craig; Berg, Carla
date: 2025-01-07
pages: Cannabis; Vol. 7 No. 2 (2024): Cannabis; 163-176
extension: The Research Society on Marijuana
mime: eng
words: none
sentence: https://publications.sciences.ucf.edu/cannabis/index.php/Cannabis/article/download/236/160
title:
  Disparities in Cannabis Use among Female and Male Sexual Minority Young Adults in the US: The Role of Parenting Behaviors

flesch:
  Introduction. Despite cannabis use disparities among sexual minority (SM; vs. heterosexual) young adults (SMYAs), little research has explored social influences contributing to these disparities. This study examined sexual identity subgroup differences in parenting behaviors and associations among parenting behaviors and cannabis use behaviors among YA subgroups. Methods. Participants were female (N=416; 44.7% bisexual, 7.2% lesbian) and male (N=228; 11.0% bisexual, 13.2% gay) YAs (ages 18-29) recruited via social media from 6 US cities. Bivariate analyses examined differences in perceived parenting (psychological control, behavioral control, knowledge, autonomy support, warmth, communication, cannabis disapproval), any past-month (current) cannabis use, and current cannabis use frequency across sexual identity subgroups. Multivariable regression examined associations among sexual identity and parenting behaviors with cannabis use outcomes. Results. Among female YAs, bisexual (vs. heterosexual) YAs had greater odds of cannabis use, reported more frequent use, and reported greater parental psychological control and less behavioral control, autonomy support, warmth, and communication; greater psychological control was associated with both outcomes; less autonomy support was associated with current use; and less warmth and communication were associated with use frequency. Among male YAs, gay and bisexual (vs. heterosexual) YAs had greater odds of current use and reported more frequent use and greater psychological control; gay (vs. heterosexual) YAs reported greater behavioral control and less autonomy support, warmth, and communication; and greater psychological control and less warmth and communication were associated with both outcomes. Conclusions. Cannabis prevention/cessation programs should target specific parenting behaviors that differentially impact cannabis use outcomes among specific SMYA subgroups.


id: oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/238
date: 2025-01-16
extension: The Research Society on Marijuana
mime: eng
words: none
sentence: https://publications.sciences.ucf.edu/cannabis/index.php/Cannabis/article/download/238/176
author:
  Sorkhou, Maryam; Johnstone, Samantha; Weinberger, Andrea H.; Cooper, Ziva D.; Sanches, Marcos; Castle, David J.; Hall, Wayne; Rabin, Rachel A.; Hammond, David; George, Tony P.

title:
  Changes in Cannabis Use Patterns in Psychiatric Populations Pre- and Post- Legalization of Recreational Cannabis Use in Canada: A Repeated Cross-Sectional Survey

pages:
  Cannabis; Vol. 7 No. 3 (2024): Special Issue: Cannabis in Canada in the Post-Legalization Period; 1-13

flesch:
  Objective: Since the federal Canadian government legalized cannabis in 2018, cannabis use in the general population has slightly increased. However, little is known about the impact of cannabis legalization on pattens of cannabis use in psychiatric populations. Method: We studied changes in daily/almost daily and average 30-day cannabis use amongst individuals currently using cannabis who reported past 12-month experiences of specific mental health disorders and among those without past 12-month experiences of any mental health disorder before and after Canadian legalization of recreational cannabis use (N = 13,527). Data came from Canadian respondents in Wave 1 (Augustâ€“October 2018), Wave 2 (Septemberâ€“October 2019), and Wave 3 (Septemberâ€“November 2020) of the International Cannabis Policy Study (ICPS). Results: After adjustment for covariates, among individuals currently using cannabis, the odds of using cannabis daily/almost daily increased only in individuals with schizophrenia between Wave 1 and Waves 3 (a OR = 9.19, 95% CI: 2.46 â€“ 34.37). Similarly, significant increases in average 30-day cannabis use between Wave 1 (M = 12.80, SE = 1.65) and Wave 3 (M = 18.07, SE = 1.03) were observed only among individuals with schizophrenia, F (1,2) = 4.58, p &lt; .05. No significant changes in daily/almost daily or average past 30-day cannabis use were observed in those without mental health problems or those reporting anxiety, depression, PTSD, bipolar disorder, or substance use disorders. Conclusions: Since legalization, cannabis use has significantly increased only among people with schizophrenia, highlighting the need for targeted public health prevention programs.


id: oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/239
author: Pearson, Blake; Walker, Mariah; Tempero, Jose; Ong, Kaye; Lucas, Philippe
date: 2025-01-31
pages: Cannabis; Vol. 8 No. 1 (2025): Cannabis; 81-94
extension: The Research Society on Marijuana
mime: eng
words: none
sentence: https://publications.sciences.ucf.edu/cannabis/index.php/Cannabis/article/download/239/169
title:
  Medical Cannabis for Patients Over Age 50: A Multi-site, Prospective Study of Patterns of Use and Health Outcomes

flesch:
  Â  Objective: Cannabis is being used as a therapeutic option by patients around the globe, and older patients represent a rapidly growing subset of this population. This study aims to assess the patterns of medical cannabis use in patients over 50 years of age and its effect on health outcomes such as pain, sleep, quality of life, and co-medication. Method: The Medical Cannabis in Older Patients Study (MCOPS) is a multi-site, prospective observational study examining the real-world impact of medical cannabis use on patients over age 50 under the guidance of a health care provider. The study included validated instruments, with treating physicians collecting detailed data on participant characteristics, medical cannabis and co-medication use, and associated impacts on pain, sleep, quality of life, as well as adverse events. Results: Inclusion criteria were met by 299 participants. Average age of participants was 66.7 years, and 66.2% of respondents identified as female. Approximately 90% of patients used medical cannabis to treat pain-related conditions such as chronic pain and arthritis. Almost all patients reported a preference for oral cannabis products (e.g., extracts, edibles) rather than inhalation products (e.g., flower, vapes), and most preferred oral formulations high in cannabidiol and low in tetrahydrocannabinol. Over the six-month study period, significant improvements were noted in pain, sleep, and quality of life measures, with 45% experiencing a clinically meaningful improvement in pain interference and in sleep quality scores. Additionally, nearly 50% of patients taking co-medications at baseline had reduced their use by the end of the study period, and quality of life improved significantly from baseline to M3 and from baseline to M6, with an incremental cost per quality-adjusted life-year (QALY) of $25,357.20. No serious adverse events (SAEs) were reported. Conclusions: In this cohort of older patients, most of whom suffered from pain-related conditions, medical cannabis seemed to be a safe and effective treatment. Most patients experienced clinically significant improvements in pain, sleep, and quality of life and reductions in co-medication. The cost per QALY was well below the standard for traditional pharmaceuticals, and no SAEs were reported, suggesting that cannabis is a relatively safe and cost-effective therapeutic option for adults dealing with age-related health conditions.


id: oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/241
date: 2025-01-31
pages: Cannabis; Vol. 8 No. 1 (2025): Cannabis; 40-49
extension: The Research Society on Marijuana
mime: eng
words: none
sentence: https://publications.sciences.ucf.edu/cannabis/index.php/Cannabis/article/download/241/177
author:
  DeGrace, Sarah; Romero-Sanchiz, Pablo; Barrett, Sean; Tibbo, Phil G.; Cosman, Tessa; Atasoy, Pars; Stewart, Sherry H.

title:
  Posttraumatic Stress Symptoms Moderate the Relationship Between Chronic Pain and Adverse Cannabis Outcomes: A Pilot Study

flesch:
  Objective: Increasingly, cannabis is being prescribed/used to help manage posttraumatic stress symptoms (PTSS) or chronic pain, as cannabis has been argued to be beneficial for both types of symptoms. However, the evidence on efficacy is conflicting with evidence of risks mounting, leading some to caution against the use of cannabis for the management of PTSS and/or chronic pain. We examined the main and interactive effects of PTSS and chronic pain interference on adverse cannabis outcomes (a composite of cannabis use levels and cannabis use disorder, CUD, symptoms). We hypothesized that chronic pain interference and PTSS would each significantly predict adverse cannabis outcomes, and that chronic pain interference effects on adverse cannabis outcomes would be strongest among those with greater PTSS. Method: Forty-seven current cannabis users with trauma histories and chronic pain (34% male; mean age = 32.45 years) were assessed for current PTSS, daily chronic pain interference, past month cannabis use levels (grams), and CUD symptom count. Results: Moderator regression analyses demonstrated chronic pain interference significantly predicted the adverse cannabis outcomes composite, but only at high levels of PTSS. Conclusions: Cannabis users with trauma histories may be at greatest risk for heavier/more problematic cannabis use if they are experiencing both chronic pain interference and PTSS.


id: oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/242
author: Special Section Editor: Benjamin O. Ladd
date: 2023-11-28
pages: Cannabis; Vol. 6 No. 2 (2023): Cannabis
extension: The Research Society on Marijuana
mime: eng
words: none
sentence: https://publications.sciences.ucf.edu/cannabis/index.php/Cannabis/article/download/242/124
flesch: none
title:
  Abstracts from the 2023 Annual Scientific Meeting of the Research Society on Marijuana: July 21â€“23, 2022


id: oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/243
date: 2025-01-31
pages: Cannabis; Vol. 8 No. 1 (2025): Cannabis; 139-149
extension: The Research Society on Marijuana
mime: eng
words: none
sentence: https://publications.sciences.ucf.edu/cannabis/index.php/Cannabis/article/download/243/180
author:
  Zylla, Dylan; Helen Parsons; Jeanette Ziegenfuss; Bruce Lindgren; Susan Park; Patricia Jewett; Arjun Gupta; Anne Blaes

title:
  Association of Financial Wellness with Patterns of Medical Cannabis Use and Patient-Reported Outcomes in Adults with Cancer

flesch:
  Objective: Despite increasing use of medical cannabis to manage cancer-related symptoms, U.S. payers do not reimburse medical cannabis, leaving patients responsible for all associated costs. We assessed how self-reported financial well-being is associated with patterns of cannabis consumption, out-of-pocket costs, and impact on symptoms in patients with cancer. Method: From December 2021 to January 2022, we surveyed patients with cancer enrolled in the Minnesota Medical Cannabis Program. The mailed survey included cancer history, cannabis use history, symptom changes and sociodemographic questions including income and perceived financial wellness. We conducted descriptive analyses. Results: Of 797 eligible adults, 220 (28%) responded to the survey. Two hundred eleven answered a question about current household income as living comfortably (LC, 45%; n = 95) or not living comfortably (NLC, 55%; n = 116). The NLC group reported lower incomes (47% vs 8% with annual incomes &lt;$50,000) and were typically younger, unmarried, unemployed, or disabled. NLC group purchased more vaporizers (48% vs 27%), used products high in THC (92% vs 82%), and reported higher cannabis costs (40% vs 21% spending $200+/month). The NLC group more often stopped or used cannabis less frequently than they would like (54% versus 32%), frequently citing costs as a reason (85% vs 39%). Both NLC and LC groups typically used cannabis daily and reported a high degree of symptom improvement. Conclusions: Patients with cancer using cannabis report significant improvements in cancer-related symptoms. High out-of-pocket costs for cannabis may be especially burdensome among those already financially struggling, raising questions about affordability of and equitable access to this therapy.


id: oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/247
date: 2025-01-16
extension: The Research Society on Marijuana
mime: eng
words: none
sentence: https://publications.sciences.ucf.edu/cannabis/index.php/Cannabis/article/download/247/191
author:
  McGrath, Daniel ; Williams, Robert; Allami, Youssef ; Christensen, Darren; Hodgins, David; Nicoll, Fiona; Shaw, Carrie; Stevens, Rhys

title:
  Predictors of Change in Cannabis Use Status from Pre- to Post-Recreational Cannabis Legalization in Canada: Evidence from a Two-Wave Longitudinal National Survey

pages:
  Cannabis; Vol. 7 No. 3 (2024): Special Issue: Cannabis in Canada in the Post-Legalization Period; 14-29

flesch:
  Objective: In October 2018, the Government of Canada legalized cannabis for recreational use nationwide. The effects of legalization on cannabis use have been primarily assessed through cross-sectional surveys. Method: In the present study, a two-wave longitudinal design was used to explore potential demographic, substance use and behavioral addiction, and mental health predictors of change in cannabis use status following legalization. Canadian online panelists (18+) were initially surveyed about their gambling and substance use in 2018 (i.e., before cannabis legalization). From the original sample, 4,707 (46.2%) were retained in the follow-up survey one year later, post-cannabis legalization. These respondents were the focus of the present study. Results: When queried about how legalization would impact their use, 61.8% said, â€˜Iâ€™ll never use itâ€™, 21.1% stated â€˜Iâ€™ll use it about the same as I do nowâ€™, 10.3% indicated â€˜I may try it for the first timeâ€™, 5.0% answered â€˜Iâ€™ll use it moreâ€™, and 1.9% responded that â€˜Iâ€™ll use it lessâ€™. Consistent with these sentiments, within the retained sample there was a modest but significant increase in cannabis use from baseline (18.4%) to follow-up (26.1%). Regressions established that younger age, being male, substance use, tobacco or e-cigarette use, problematic gambling, and stated intention to use cannabis were predictors of later cannabis use. Conclusions: This national cohort design indicates that cannabis use appears to have increased in Canada following legalization. The present study makes a unique contribution by also identifying variables that statistically forecast movement toward and away from cannabis use.


id: oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/248
author: Milad, Nadia; Belisario, Kyla; MacKillop, James; Hirota, Jeremy A
date: 2025-01-16
extension: The Research Society on Marijuana
mime: eng
words: none
sentence: https://publications.sciences.ucf.edu/cannabis/index.php/Cannabis/article/download/248/174
title:
  Dried Cannabis Use, Tobacco Smoking, and COVID-19 Infection: Findings from a Longitudinal Observational Cohort Study

pages:
  Cannabis; Vol. 7 No. 3 (2024): Special Issue: Cannabis in Canada in the Post-Legalization Period; 177-192

flesch:
  Objective: The potential impact of cigarette and cannabis smoking on COVID-19 infection outcomes is not well understood. We investigated the association between combustible tobacco use and dried cannabis use with COVID-19 infection in a longitudinal cohort of community adults. Method: The sample comprised 1,343 participants, originally enrolled in 2018, who reported their cigarette and cannabis use in 11 assessments over 44 months, until 2022. COVID-19 infection history were self-reported after the onset of the pandemic. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed. The potentially confounding factor of vaccination status was also considered by stratifying data by booster vaccination self-reporting. Results: Among 1,343 participants, 820 (61.1%) reported any COVID-19 infection. Dried cannabis use (46.3% of participants, n = 721) was associated with higher self-reporting of 2+ COVID-19 infections (13.3% vs. 7.3% in non-users, p = .0004), while tobacco use (18.5% of participants, n = 248) had no significant effect (13.3% vs. 10.0% in no use group, p = .116). When stratified into single or dual substance use groups, dried cannabis-only use was associated with increased reporting of 1 or 2+ COVID-19 infections compared to substance non-users, while tobacco-only use and dual use groups were not significantly different from non-users. To account for differences in vaccination rates between substance use groups, we found that, among individuals with a COVID-19 booster vaccine, dried cannabis use was still associated with increased reporting of 2+ COVID-19 infections (p = .008). Conclusions: Our study suggests that dried cannabis use is associated with a higher likelihood of reporting 2+ COVID-19 infections. Although the study was observational and relied on self-report infection status, our findings support the need for further investigation into the impact of cannabis use on COVID-19 infection, particularly studies employing controlled experimental designs.


id: oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/24
author: Brown, Whitney C.; Testa, Maria; Wang, Weijun
date: 2018-07-07
pages: Cannabis; Vol. 1 No. 2 (2018): Cannabis; 48-59
extension: The Research Society on Marijuana
mime: eng
words: none
title:
  Alcohol and Marijuana use in Undergraduate Males: Between- and Within-Person Associations with Interpersonal Conflict

sentence:
  https://publications.sciences.ucf.edu/cannabis/index.php/Cannabis/article/download/cannabis.2018.02.005/12

flesch:
  Among college students, interpersonal conflict with others is a common, yet stressful negative interpersonal experience. Research suggests that drinking episodes may contribute to the occurrence of conflict. Marijuana use, independently or in conjunction with alcohol, may also influence the likelihood of subsequent conflict. We considered the temporal effects of independent and simultaneous alcohol and marijuana use episodes on the occurrence of interpersonal conflict. Use of multilevel modeling allowed us to distinguish the within-person effects of substance use from between-person differences in frequency of use. Within a sample of 427 college freshman males over 56 days of daily reports, we examined the independent and interactive effects of episodes of alcohol and marijuana on the odds of conflict within the next 1-, 2-, 3-, and 4 hours. Multilevel modeling analyses showed that drinking episodes increased the likelihood of conflict occurring within the next 1-, 2-, 3-, and 4 hours. Marijuana had weaker positive effects, significant only within the 2-hour window. There were no alcohol by marijuana interaction effects in any analysis. Both marijuana and alcohol independently increased the likelihood of interpersonal conflict; however, the marijuana effect appeared less robust. As marijuana use becomes more normative and accessible for college students, it is important to understand the extent to which marijuana use results in negative consequences and the contexts under which these effects unfold. DOI: 10.26828/cannabis.2018.02.005 


id: oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/255
author: Zaslawski, Zina; Golden-Plotnik, Stevi; Steer, Jessica; Warda, Lynne; Kelly, Lauren E.
date: 2025-01-16
extension: The Research Society on Marijuana
mime: eng
words: none
sentence: https://publications.sciences.ucf.edu/cannabis/index.php/Cannabis/article/download/255/184
title:
  Exploring Cannabis-Associated Presentations to Canadian Pediatric Emergency Departments: A Cross-Sectional Study

pages:
  Cannabis; Vol. 7 No. 3 (2024): Special Issue: Cannabis in Canada in the Post-Legalization Period; 30-40

flesch:
  Objective: Recent studies found that recreational legalization of cannabis consumption for Canadian adults has increased presentation to the emergency department (ED) among children. In this descriptive study, our objectives were to (1) understand Canadian pediatric emergency medicine (PEM) providersâ€™ training and knowledge of clinical presentations associated with cannabis exposure in children and (2) describe pediatric ED presentations related to cannabis exposure across Canada following legalization in 2018. Method: In 2021, following ethics board approval, 230 Pediatric Emergency Research Canada (PERC) network pediatric emergency medicine (PEM) physicians were invited to share about their knowledge, training, and experience with patients presenting with cannabis-associated emergencies using an anonymized survey administered through REDCap. Results: In total, 84/230 (36.5%) invited physicians completed the survey. Almost 70% of the PEM physicians reported an increase in the number of cannabis-associated ED presentations they have seen since legalization, while only 15% reported no increase in presentations. More than 90% of the respondents reported an average or higher level of knowledge of cannabis-associated pediatric emergencies. More than half (n = 48, 57%) were interested in pursuing further training, preferring formal training opportunities. The main presentations to the ED were decreased level of consciousness, known unintentional (accidental) ingestion and vomiting. Significantly more tests were ordered when cannabis consumption was unknown at the beginning of the assessment, compared to when it was known, however, treatment plans were the same (mainly supportive measures). Conclusions: Most PEM providers are managing an increasing number of cannabis-associated ED presentations. PEM providers should improve communication with caregivers around household cannabis use. When caregivers feel comfortable disclosing cannabis presence at home, it can help prevent unnecessary tests and interventions for their children if they present to the ED.


id: oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/256
date: 2025-01-16
extension: The Research Society on Marijuana
mime: eng
words: none
sentence: https://publications.sciences.ucf.edu/cannabis/index.php/Cannabis/article/download/256/182
author:
  Vieira, Jenna; Coelho, Sophie; Snaychuk, Lindsey; Tabri, Nassim; Dawson, Samantha; Hodgins, David; Keough, Matthew; Shead, Will; Kim, Andrew (Hyounsoo)

title:
  Mental Health and Dispositional Predictors of Simultaneous Versus Concurrent Cannabis and Alcohol Use in a Canadian Context

pages:
  Cannabis; Vol. 7 No. 3 (2024): Special Issue: Cannabis in Canada in the Post-Legalization Period; 41-60

flesch:
  Objective: Cannabis has become more available in Canada since its legalization in 2018. Many individuals who use cannabis also use alcohol (co-use), which can be used either at the same time such that their effects overlap (simultaneous use) or at different times (concurrent use). Though studies have identified predictors of co-use relative to single-substance use, less is known about the predictors of specific types of co-use. The present study examined the mental health and dispositional predictors of simultaneous relative to concurrent use of the two legal substances (cannabis and alcohol) among adults in Canada. Method: Canadian adults reporting past-year use of both cannabis and alcohol (N = 1,761) were recruited from Academic Prolific and six Canadian universities. Participants completed online self-report measures of demographic characteristics, cannabis and alcohol co-use, mental health symptoms, impulsivity, and personality traits. Results: Binary logistic regression analyses revealed that when independent variables were each examined individually, greater severity of depression, anxiety, PTSD, and ADHD symptoms; greater negative urgency and lack of premeditation; and greater impulsivity each predicted an increased likelihood of reporting past-year simultaneous use relative to concurrent use. When independent variables were grouped into three separate models (mental health, impulsivity, and personality variables), greater anxiety symptom severity, ADHD symptom severity, negative urgency, and sensation seeking were each uniquely associated with an increased likelihood of simultaneous relative to concurrent use. Conclusions:Individuals with elevated anxiety and ADHD symptoms, as well as negative urgency and sensation seeking, may be more inclined to engage in simultaneous use to self-medicate and achieve greater symptom reduction. Future studies may examine the directionality of these relations and motives (e.g., coping) that may differentiate simultaneous and concurrent use.


id: oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/258
author: Thiessen, Karina; SchÃ¼tz, Christian
date: 2025-01-16
extension: The Research Society on Marijuana
mime: eng
words: none
sentence: https://publications.sciences.ucf.edu/cannabis/index.php/Cannabis/article/download/258/192
title:
  Examining the Relationship Between Cannabis Use and Mood, Anxiety, and Psychotic Symptoms in Psychiatric Patients with Severe Concurrent Mental Health and Substance Use Disorders Before and After Recreational Cannabis Legalization in Canada

pages:
  Cannabis; Vol. 7 No. 3 (2024): Special Issue: Cannabis in Canada in the Post-Legalization Period; 90-105

flesch:
  Objective: The relationship between cannabis use and mental health has garnered significant attention in recent decades. However, studies have largely been in general populations or in countries in which recreational cannabis use is illegal. Method: The current cross-sectional study examines the relationship between cannabis use, mood disorders, anxiety, and psychosis in an inpatient psychiatric population with severe concurrent mental health and substance use disorders, exploring the potential moderating effect of the legalization of recreational cannabis in Canada. Results: Cannabis use compared to non-use was associated with higher self-reported depression, anxiety, and psychotic symptoms but was not associated with diagnosis of a mood, anxiety, or psychotic disorder. Frequency of cannabis use was unrelated to mental health outcomes, but age of first use was negatively associated with self-reported psychoticism symptoms. There were some significant associations between recreational cannabis legalization and mental health, but legalization was largely unrelated to outcomes. There were also some significant differences by demographics. Conclusions: While findings are relatively consistent with prior literature, some significant associations differed, suggesting the importance of examining concurrent disorder patients as a unique population when examining relationships between cannabis use and mental health.


id: oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/259
author: Giangregorio , Aidan ; Wang, Li; Sprague, Sheila; Arbus, Michelle; Busse, Jason
date: 2025-01-16
extension: The Research Society on Marijuana
mime: eng
words: none
sentence: https://publications.sciences.ucf.edu/cannabis/index.php/Cannabis/article/download/259/196
title:
  Predictors of Response to Medical Cannabis for Chronic Pain: A Retrospective Review of Real-Time Observational Data

pages:
  Cannabis; Vol. 7 No. 3 (2024): Special Issue: Cannabis in Canada in the Post-Legalization Period; 167-176

flesch:
  Objective: People living with chronic pain increasingly use medical cannabis for symptom relief. We conducted a retrospective cohort study examining cannabis for chronic pain relief using anonymous archival data obtained from the medicinal cannabis tracking app, StrainprintÂ®. Method: We acquired cannabis utilization data from 741 adults with chronic pain and used multilevel modeling to examine the association of age, sex, type of pain (muscle, joint or nerve pain), cannabis formulation (high CBD, balanced CBD:THC, or high THC), route of administration (inhaled or ingested), cannabis use before vs. during the COVID-19 pandemic, and duration of cannabis use, with pain relief. Results: Most patients were female (n = 464; 63%), with a mean age of 39 (SD = 11), and our cohort had completed a total of 83,622 tracked cannabis sessions through Strainprint. The majority of sessions reported use of inhaled cannabis products (78%), typically with high tetrahydrocannabinol (THC; 64%) versus high cannabidiol (CBD; 15%) or balanced THC:CBD (21%) products. The median change in pain scores across sessions was -3.0 points on a 10-point numeric rating scale (NRS; IQR -4.5 to -2.0). In our adjusted model, greater pain relief was associated with male vs. female sex (-0.69 points on a 10-point NRS; 95%CI -0.46 to -0.91). We found statistically significant, but trivial associations with joint pain (-0.05 points), balanced THC:CBD products in the long term (-0.003 points), and cannabis use during the pandemic (0.18 points). Conclusions: We found that people living with chronic pain report important pain relief when using cannabis for medical purposes, and that men may achieve greater pain relief than women.


id: oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/25
author: Cuttler, Carrie; Sexton, Michelle; Mischley, Laurie K.
date: 2018-07-07
pages: Cannabis; Vol. 1 No. 2 (2018): Cannabis; 1-13
extension: The Research Society on Marijuana
mime: eng
words: none
title:
  Driving Under the Influence of Cannabis: An Examination of Driving Beliefs and Practices of Medical and Recreational Cannabis Users Across the United States

sentence:
  https://publications.sciences.ucf.edu/cannabis/index.php/Cannabis/article/download/cannabis.2018.02.001/8

flesch:
  Trends toward the legalization of cannabis are raising concerns about driving under the influence of cannabis (DUIC). The goal of this study was to examine the percentage of cannabis users who believe DUIC is safe, who drive within one hour of using cannabis, and who have experienced a DUIC-related incident (i.e., ticket/accident). We further sought to compare these percentages in exclusively medical versus exclusively recreational versus mixed cannabis users and in participants surveyed before versus after legal sales of recreational cannabis. Finally, we examined predictors of DUIC beliefs, practices, and incidents. An anonymous online survey was administered to cannabis users across the 50 United States (N=1773; 54% Male) to assess DUIC beliefs, practices, and incidents. 52.4% reported believing DUIC is safe, 52.1% admitted to driving within one hour of using cannabis, but only 3.9% reported experiencing a DUIC-related incident. No significant differences were found in exclusively medical, exclusively recreational, and mixed cannabis users or in WA respondents surveyed before- and after-legal sales in WA state. Older age, less education, higher frequency and quantities of use, and driving within one hour of use predicted beliefs DUIC is safe. Younger age, more education, higher frequency and quantities of use, younger age of first use, and beliefs DUIC is safe predicted driving within one hour of using cannabis. Male gender, lower income, and higher frequency of use predicted DUIC-related incidents. Rates of DUIC are high among cannabis users but self-reported accidents/tickets are low. Recreational cannabis sales do not appear to be exacerbating these rates. DOI: 10.26828/cannabis.2018.02.001 


id: oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/260
date: 2025-01-16
extension: The Research Society on Marijuana
mime: eng
words: none
sentence: https://publications.sciences.ucf.edu/cannabis/index.php/Cannabis/article/download/260/183
author:
  Britton, Emily M.; Taisir, Radia; Cooper, Alysha; Li, Yao; Sousa, Sarah; Chorny, Yelena; MacKillop, James; Costello, Mary Jean

title:
  Examining the Potential Impact of Recreational Cannabis Legalization on Individuals Receiving Treatment for Substance Use Disorder: An Interrupted Time Series Study in Guelph, Ontario, Canada

pages:
  Cannabis; Vol. 7 No. 3 (2024): Special Issue: Cannabis in Canada in the Post-Legalization Period; 74-89

flesch:
  Objective: The present research evaluated the impact of legalizing recreational cannabis among individuals with substance use disorders (SUD) who may already use cannabis at high rates. Methods: Using an interrupted time series study design, we evaluated the potential impact of legalization among individuals seeking treatment for SUD within a hospital-based treatment setting in Guelph, Ontario. We examined 2,925 individuals who entered the treatment program between April 2017 and December 2021. We performed segmented regression analyses using both the date of cannabis legalization and the date of edibles legalization as the interruption time point. We also performed stratified analyses to examine potential sex differences. Results: We found no significant changes in the prevalence of cannabis use or readiness to quit using cannabis following legalization with either of the interruption time points. However, there was evidence of increasing CUD severity post-edibles legalization. Stratified analyses also suggested possible sex differences in readiness to quit over time. Conclusions: Results point to some small but potentially important impacts of recreational cannabis legalization among individuals with SUD that may only continue with time. Nevertheless, there is a need to continue to monitor cannabis use trends to understand any potential lagged effects.


id: oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/261
author: McDonald, AndrÃ© J. ; Cooper, Alysha; Doggett, Amanda; Belisario, Kyla; MacKillop, James
date: 2025-01-16
extension: The Research Society on Marijuana
mime: eng
words: none
sentence: https://publications.sciences.ucf.edu/cannabis/index.php/Cannabis/article/download/261/188
title:
  Legal Recreational Cannabis Sales and Opioid-Related Mortality in the 5 Years Following Cannabis Legalization in Canada: A Granger Causality Analysis

pages:
  Cannabis; Vol. 7 No. 3 (2024): Special Issue: Cannabis in Canada in the Post-Legalization Period; 106-119

flesch:
  Objective: Little is known about the population-level impact of recreational cannabis legalization on trends in opioid-related mortality. Increased access to cannabis due to legalization has been hypothesized to reduce opioid-related deaths because of the potential opioid-sparing effects of cannabis. The objective of this study was to examine the relations between national retail sales of recreational (non-medical) cannabis and opioid overdose deaths in the 5 years following legalization in Canada. Method: Using time-series data, we applied Granger causality methods to evaluate the association between trends in legal recreational cannabis sales and opioid-related deaths over time. Both sales and opioid deaths grew over time, with the latter exhibiting significant increases following the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic. Results: We found no support for the hypothesis that increasing post-legalization sales Granger caused changes in opioid-related deaths in British Columbia, Ontario, or at the national level. Conclusions: These findings suggest that increases in legal recreational cannabis sales following legalization were not meaningfully associated with changes in opioid-related mortality. Further examination with longer follow-up periods will be needed as the legal cannabis market becomes more entrenched in Canada, but these findings converge with previous work suggesting legalization is not related to opioid overdose mortality and further undermine that hypothesized link as a basis for legalization in other jurisdictions.


id: oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/262
date: 2025-01-16
extension: The Research Society on Marijuana
mime: eng
words: none
sentence: https://publications.sciences.ucf.edu/cannabis/index.php/Cannabis/article/download/262/187
author:
  DeGrace, Sarah; Tibbo, Phillip G.; Pilin, Maya A.; Krank, Marvin D.; O'Connor, Roisin; Wardell, Jeffrey; Keough, Matthew T.; Snooks, Thomas; Trottier, Sarah-Jeanne; Stewart, Sherry H.

title:
  Expressive Writing About One's Trauma Increases Accessibility of Cannabis Information in Memory among Cannabis Users with Trauma Histories

pages:
  Cannabis; Vol. 7 No. 3 (2024): Special Issue: Cannabis in Canada in the Post-Legalization Period; 61-73

flesch:
  Objective: Trauma survivors are more likely than others to use cannabis, and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) commonly co-occurs with cannabis use disorder (CUD). Automatic memory associations between trauma reminders and cannabis use have been suggested as contributing mechanisms. These associations can be studied experimentally by manipulating trauma cue exposure in a cue-reactivity paradigm (CRP) and examining effects on the accessibility of cannabis information in memory in trauma survivors with and without PTSD. Method: Cannabis users with trauma histories (N = 202) completed a PTSD measure (PTSD Checklist-5) and were randomized to a trauma or neutral expressive writing task as an online CRP. Next, participants completed a cue-behavior word association task, which involved presentation of a series of ambiguous cue words to which participants provided the first word that came to mind. Some of these ambiguous cues pertained to cannabis (e.g., weed, pot) and some to other substances (e.g., blow, shot). This task was scored by two independent raters. Linear regression models tested the hypothesized main and interactive effects of CRP condition (trauma, neutral) and PTSD group (probable PTSD, no PTSD) on the number of cannabis and other substance responses generated. Results: Main effects of CRP condition were found for cannabis responses (b = 0.41, p = .048; trauma &gt; neutral) but not other substance responses. Unexpectedly, no main effects or interactions of PTSD group were observed for either outcome. Conclusions: In cannabis users with trauma histories, writing about one’s trauma specifically activates greater accessibility of cannabis-related information in memory, regardless of PTSD.


id: oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/263
date: 2025-01-16
extension: The Research Society on Marijuana
mime: eng
words: none
sentence: https://publications.sciences.ucf.edu/cannabis/index.php/Cannabis/article/download/263/195
author:
  De Clifford-FaugÃ¨re, Gwenaelle; Angarita-Fonseca, Adriana ; Nguena Nguefack, Hermine Lore ; Godbout-Parent, MarimÃ©e ; Audet, Claudie; Lacasse, Anais

title:
  Perceived Risk of Medical Cannabis and Prescribed Cannabinoids for Chronic Pain: A Cross-Sectional Study Among Quebec Clinicians

pages:
  Cannabis; Vol. 7 No. 3 (2024): Special Issue: Cannabis in Canada in the Post-Legalization Period; 120-133

flesch:
  Objective: An increase in medical cannabis and prescribed cannabinoids use for chronic pain management has been observed in Canada in the past years. This study aimed to: 1) Describe cliniciansâ€™ perceived risk associated with the use of medical cannabis and prescribed cannabinoids for the management of chronic pain; and 2) Identify sociodemographic and professional factors associated with perceived risk of adverse effects. Method: A web-based cross-sectional study was conducted in Quebec, Canada in 2022. A convenience sample of 207 clinicians was recruited (physicians/pharmacists/nurse practitioners). They were asked to rate the risk of adverse effects associated with medical cannabis (e.g., smoke, or oil) and prescribed cannabinoids (e.g., nabilone) on a scale of 0 to 10 (0: no risk, 10: very high risk), respectively. Multiple linear regression was performed to identify factors associated with perceived risk. Results: Average perceived risk associated with medical cannabis and prescribed cannabinoids were 5.93 Â± 2.08 (median:6/10) and 5.76 Â± 1.81 (median:6/10). Factors associated with higher medical cannabis perceived risk were working in primary care (Î² = 1.38, p = .0034) or in another care setting (Î² = 1.21, p = .0368) as compared to a hospital setting. As for prescribed cannabinoids, being a pharmacist (Î² = 1.14, p = .0452), working in a primary care setting (Î² = 0.83, p = .0408) and reporting more continuing education about chronic pain (Î² = 0.02, p = .0416) were associated with higher perceived risk. No sex differences were found in terms of perceived risk. Conclusions: Considering the clinicianâ€™s experience provide insights on cannabis risk as these professionals are at the forefront of patient care when they encounter adverse effects.


id: oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/268
author: Steuart, Shelby; Lozano-Rojas, Felipe; Bethel, Victoria; Shone, Hailemichael; Abraham, Amanda
title: Recreational Cannabis Laws and Fills of Pain Prescriptions in the Privately Insured
date: 2025-01-31
pages: Cannabis; Vol. 8 No. 1 (2025): Cannabis; 121-138
extension: The Research Society on Marijuana
mime: eng
words: none
sentence: https://publications.sciences.ucf.edu/cannabis/index.php/Cannabis/article/download/268/181
flesch:
  Objective: Almost half of U.S. states have passed recreational cannabis laws as of May 2024. While considerable evidence to date indicates cannabis may be a substitute for prescription opioids in the treatment of pain, it remains unclear if patients are treating pain with cannabis alone or concomitantly with other medications. Method: Using data from a national sample of commercially insured adults, we examine the effect of recreational cannabis legalization (through two sequential policies) on prescribing of opioids, NSAIDS, and other pain medications by implementing synthetic control estimations and constructing case-study level counterfactuals for the years 2007-2020. Results: Overall, we find recreational cannabis legalization is associated with a decrease in opioid fills among commercially insured adults in the U.S., and we find evidence of a compositional change in prescriptions of pain medications more broadly. Specifically, we find marginally significant increases in prescribing of non-opioid pain medications after recreational cannabis becomes legal in some states. Once recreational cannabis dispensaries open, we find statistically significant decreases in the rate of opioid prescriptions (13% reduction from baseline, p &lt; .05) and marginally significant decreases in the average daily supply of opioids (6.3% decrease, p &lt; .10) and number of opioid prescriptions per patient (3.5% decrease, p &lt; .10).Â Conclusions: These results suggest that substitution of cannabis for traditional pain medications increases as the availability of recreational cannabis increases. There appears to be a small shift once recreational cannabis becomes legal, but we see stronger results once users can purchase cannabis at recreational dispensaries. The decrease in opioids and marginal increase in non-opioid pain medication may reflect patients substituting opioids with cannabis and non-opioid pain medications, either separately or concomitantly. Reductions in opioid prescription fills stemming from recreational cannabis legalization may prevent exposure to opioids in patients with pain and lead to decreases in the number of new opioid users, rates of opioid use disorder, and related harms.


id: oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/269
title: Cannabis Use and Self-Reported Bothersome Symptoms in People with HIV
date: 2025-01-31
pages: Cannabis; Vol. 8 No. 1 (2025): Cannabis; 177-190
extension: The Research Society on Marijuana
mime: eng
words: none
sentence: https://publications.sciences.ucf.edu/cannabis/index.php/Cannabis/article/download/269/203
author:
  Wrona, Aleksandra; Justice, Amy C.; Tate, Janet P.; Rentsch, Christopher T. ; Gordon, Kirsha S. ; Kidwai-Khan, Farah; Silverberg, Michael J.; Satre, Derek; Marconi, Vincent C.; Ingle, Suzanne M.; Sterne, Jonathan; Cavassini, Matthias; Bryant, Kendall; McGinnis, Kathleen

flesch:
  Objective: While cannabis use is common among people with HIV (PWH), there have been few studies examining the association of use with health outcomes among PWH. We aimed to evaluate the association between cannabis use and bothersome physical and mental health symptoms using both self-report and a direct biomarker for cannabis use. Method: The Medications, Alcohol and Substance use in HIV Study (MASH) is a cross-cohort study focused on polypharmacy and substance use among PWH. Participants were enrolled from October 2018 to May 2022 in the Swiss HIV Cohort Study (SHCS), Kaiser Permanente Northern California (KPNC) HIV Cohort, and 7 sites (Atlanta, GA; Bronx, NY; Washington, DC; Houston, TX; Los Angeles, CA; New York, NY; and Nashville, TN) in the Veterans Aging Cohort Study - HIV (VACS-HIV). Participants submitted self-reported information on the presence/absence of symptoms in the prior 4 weeks, along with bothersome level, using the HIV Symptom Index, which is comprised of 20 symptoms commonly reported in PWH, including fatigue, diarrhea, fever, anxiety, and weight loss, among others. Concurrent self-reported substance use information was also collected, and participants provided nail clippings to be tested for cannabis use. We used logistic regression models, adjusted for age, sex, race/ethnicity, and cohort, to examine associations of self-report and biomarker-identified cannabis use with self-reported bothersome symptoms. Results: The analytic sample included 1,226 PWH who were predominantly male (85%), non-white (64%), with an average age of 57 years; 20% tested positive for cannabis use, and 23% reported recent cannabis use. Agreement between self-report and biomarker cannabis use was substantial (agreement 89%, kappa = 0.67). Put together, 27% either reported cannabis use or tested positive. Of the 20 symptoms included in the HIV Symptom Index, 19 were more prevalent at a bothersome level among those with cannabis use compared to those without. In adjusted models, the patterns of association remained for both self-reported and biomarker-confirmed cannabis use, and they were particularly substantial for memory, depression, anxiety, and nausea. Conclusions: Cannabis use was common among PWH and was associated with a number of bothersome symptoms. While cannabis use may be used to treat loss of appetite, nausea/vomiting, and weight loss, the associations of cannabis use with depression, anxiety, and memory loss are concerning and deserve investigation.


id: oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/271
author: Froude, Anna Marie; Pangborn, Nikki; Britz-McKibbin, Philip; MacKillop, James; Balodis, Iris
title: Potential Risks from Cannabis-Infused Beverages: A Critical Review
date: 2025-01-16
extension: The Research Society on Marijuana
mime: eng
words: none
sentence: https://publications.sciences.ucf.edu/cannabis/index.php/Cannabis/article/download/271/186
pages:
  Cannabis; Vol. 7 No. 3 (2024): Special Issue: Cannabis in Canada in the Post-Legalization Period; 134-166

flesch:
  Although Canada legalized cannabis beverages in 2019, most available research on acute cannabis intoxication derives from dried flower and edible products. The distinct bioavailability and pharmacokinetic properties of phytocannabinoids ingested from beverages, however, contribute to significantly different acute and long-term effects that need to be better understood to ensure consumer safety. Objective: This review investigates existing cannabis beverage literature, with a particular focus on acute intoxication effects. Method: PubMed, PsycINFO and Web of Science databases were systematically searched. A structured search generated 29 eligible studies, comprising studies of consumption patterns and beliefs, advertisements and marketing, acute effects in human models, and drink composition. Results: Human studies report aversive acute subjective and physiological effects induced by cannabis beverages in healthy, infrequent users. Beverages also showed inaccurate cannabinoid labeling, posing potential risks to consumers. This review highlights the paucity and inconsistency of available research, further exacerbated by the sheer diversity of formulations investigated, while beginning to address some questions surrounding the safety and risks associated with cannabis beverages. Conclusions: Given the extensive differences in effects across cannabis-infused beverages, and the growing â€˜drinkablesâ€™ market, it is essential that more studies directly examine both acute and long-term impacts of cannabis beverage consumption.


id: oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/273
author: Ehlke, Sarah J.; Fitzer, Samantha A.; Rigney, Kendra N.
date: 2025-01-31
pages: Cannabis; Vol. 8 No. 1 (2025): Cannabis; 1-7
extension: The Research Society on Marijuana
mime: eng
words: none
sentence: https://publications.sciences.ucf.edu/cannabis/index.php/Cannabis/article/download/273/199
title:
  Exploring Differences in Cannabis Use and Harm Perceptions Among Sexual Minority and Heterosexual Females: A Brief Report

flesch:
  Objective: Sexual minority women (SMW) have higher rates of cannabis use compared to heterosexual women, which may be partially attributed to lower harm perceptions. However, no study has examined if the association between harm perceptions and cannabis use is stronger for SMW than heterosexual women. This study examined if sexual identity (SMW vs. heterosexual woman) moderated the association between harm perceptions and past 30-day cannabis use among a sample of female young adults (18-25 years old). Method: Participants were 949 (29.8% SMW; Mean age = 24.33; 92.1% non-Hispanic White) females (99.3% cisgender) recruited from Amazon Mechanical Turk who reported weekly cannabis use. Participants reported how many days they used cannabis in the past 30-days and how harmful they perceived cannabis to be to their health (not at all/slightly/somewhat harmful vs. very/extremely harmful). An Analysis of Covariance examined the study aim. Results: A significantly larger percentage of heterosexual women perceived cannabis to be very/extremely harmful to their health than SMW (45.2% vs. 22.6%). Those who perceived cannabis to be very/extremely harmful reported more frequent cannabis use in the past-30 days. SMW who perceived cannabis to be very/extremely harmful reported more frequent cannabis use relative to those who held lower harm perceptions; there were no significant differences for heterosexual women. Conclusions: SMW may perceive cannabis as harmful because they may be experiencing health consequences from frequent use. It may be important for interventions and public health campaigns to be tailored specifically to SMW and include information about the potential harms of cannabis use.


id: oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/275
author: Chang, Yi-Chun; Rubey, Robin; Ladd, Benjamin
date: 2025-01-31
pages: Cannabis; Vol. 8 No. 1 (2025): Cannabis; 21-39
extension: The Research Society on Marijuana
mime: eng
words: none
sentence: https://publications.sciences.ucf.edu/cannabis/index.php/Cannabis/article/download/275/185
title:
  Acute Stress Effect on Delay Discounting and Cannabis Demand Among Individuals Endorsing High-Frequency Cannabis Use

flesch:
  Objective: Limited research examines the effect of stress on behavioral economic constructs among individuals using cannabis. This study examined whether the effects of acute stress on delay discounting differed in terms of cannabis use status and whether cannabis demand changed after stress induction. Method: Participants were two groups (n = 39 endorsing high-frequency cannabis use and n = 48 not endorsing cannabis use) of young adults (75.86% female, 67.82% White, Mage = 21.64 years). During an online Zoom session, participants completed a prestress assessment, the Trier Mental Challenge Test (TMCT) stress induction, and then a poststress assessment. Results: Subjective stress increased significantly across groups after stress induction (p &lt; .001, Æžp2 = .23); no group X time interaction was observed. There were no differences in delay discounting across time or groups. For the use group only, cannabis demand intensity (p = .006, d = .50), but not other demand indices, significantly increased following the acute stress induction. Coping motives did not moderate the association between the change in subjective stress and the change in delay discounting or the change in any cannabis demand indices among the use group. Conclusions: Cannabis demand might exert a more influential role than delay discounting in shaping decisions related to cannabis use while experiencing acute stress. However, the practical implications of this finding warrant further research due to the relatively small difference in hypothetical cannabis use observed. Study design limitations that could impact the findings or lead to null results are discussed to inform future research.


id: oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/277
author: Romm, Katelyn F.; Mermelstein, Robin; Vandrey, Ryan; Hedeker, Donald; Cohn, Amy M.
date: 2025-07-14
pages: Cannabis; Vol. 8 No. 2 (2025): Cannabis; 85-97
extension: The Research Society on Marijuana
mime: eng
words: none
sentence: https://publications.sciences.ucf.edu/cannabis/index.php/Cannabis/article/download/277/208
title:
  Daily Assessment of Positive and Negative Cannabis Use Expectancies in Young Adult Cannabis and Tobacco Co-Users: Differences by Sociodemographics, Mental Health Symptoms, and Possible Cannabis Use Disorder

flesch:
  Objective: Expectancies play a critical role in cannabis use behavior and are influenced by sociodemographic and intrapersonal factors. This study examined daily endorsement of positive and negative cannabis use expectancies using 28 days of ecological momentary assessments (EMAs) in relation to sociodemographics, mental health symptoms, and cannabis use disorder (CUD) among young adult cannabis-tobacco co-users. Method: Ninety-seven young adult (ages 18-24) cannabis and tobacco co-users reported on anxiety symptoms, depressive symptoms, and possible CUD at baseline. During the 28 days of EMAs, participants reported on 16 positive (n = 7) and negative (n = 9) cannabis use expectancies they anticipated would occur in the next 24 hours. Descriptive statistics examined the proportion of EMA days each expectancy was endorsed. Multivariable logistic regressions examined associations of expectancies with anxiety symptoms, depressive symptoms, and possible CUD, controlling for sociodemographics. Results: The most frequently endorsed expectancies were positive (e.g., feeling good, getting along with others), while the least frequently endorsed were negative (e.g., drinking too much, having an argument). In regression models, participants endorsing more days of expecting to feel anxious displayed higher odds of anxiety and depressive symptoms; those endorsing more days of expecting to be in a bad mood displayed higher odds of depressive symptoms; those endorsing more days of expecting to feel tired or unmotivated displayed higher odds of possible CUD. Conclusions: Expectancies of cannabis benefits and consequences are heterogeneous, endorsed in different frequencies across days, and they may have important implications for mental health symptoms and cannabis use severity among young adults who co-use.


id: oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/27
date: 2018-07-07
pages: Cannabis; Vol. 1 No. 2 (2018): Cannabis; 22-35
extension: The Research Society on Marijuana
mime: eng
words: none
author:
  Pedersen, Eric R.; Zander-Cotugno, Megan; Shih, Regina A.; Tucker, Joan S.; Dunbar, Michael S.; D'Amico, Elizabeth J.

title:
  Online Methods for Locating Medical Marijuana Dispensaries: Practical Considerations for Future Research: Locating Marijuana Dispensaries

sentence:
  https://publications.sciences.ucf.edu/cannabis/index.php/Cannabis/article/download/cannabis.2018.02.003/10

flesch:
  Knowing the names, locations, and signage of medical marijuana dispensaries is critical for assessing how marijuana availability affects neighborhood quality and marijuana use, yet no detailed methods for locating and coding dispensaries are published. Limitations regarding accuracy of official records, unregulated businesses, and the size of areas where dispensaries are located make it difficult to accurately capture all open dispensaries in any area. In this study, we test a practical and feasible method to collect a point-in-time portrayal of medical marijuana dispensaries in a large urban area lacking an official record of these businesses. Using publicly-available Internet sources alone, we collected the name, address, phone number, signage, and open/closed status of medical marijuana dispensaries in Los Angeles County between October 2016 and February 2017. Data were verified by calling a subset of dispensaries and comparing data against a list of licensed dispensaries. Our methods yielded 872 unique dispensaries in Los Angeles County, of which 470 were open. Most open stores were discernable by a green cross sign; however, few had names that clearly indicated the store sold marijuana. Data verification procedures showed that Internet sources were able to locate nearly all dispensaries in the county that were then verified with non-Internet methods, such as calling the businesses to confirm information. This study is significant as it provides methodology that can be replicated in other metropolitan areas, facilitating comparisons across databases in different locations and regulatory environments. However, caution should be taken when solely using Internet sources. Accurate information on dispensary names, locations, and signage can advance research and provide important information for policy decisions. Methods for enhancing the online methods described in this study are discussed. DOI: 10.26828/cannabis.2018.02.003 


id: oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/285
title: Estimating Cannabis Consumption in Milligrams of THC From Self-Reported Hit Size
date: 2025-07-14
pages: Cannabis; Vol. 8 No. 2 (2025): Cannabis; 153-163
extension: The Research Society on Marijuana
mime: eng
words: none
sentence: https://publications.sciences.ucf.edu/cannabis/index.php/Cannabis/article/download/285/214
author:
  Habib, Mohammad I.; Budney, Alan J.; Struble, Cara A.; Hasin, Deborah S.; Livne, Ofir; Aharonovich, Efrat; Wisell, Caroline; Fragione, Sara N.; Borodovsky, Jacob T.

flesch:
  Objective: Estimating delta-9 tetrahydrocannabinol (mgTHC) using hits involves converting hits to grams via a grams-per-hit ratio (GPHR). Previous studies assumed a single hit size (SHS), ignoring individual hit size variations. This study investigates a multiple qualitative hit size (MQHS) approach based on self-reported hit sizes (small, medium, large) to improve mgTHC estimates. Method: Adults (N = 1,824) who used cannabis in the past week completed an online survey on cannabis consumption, reporting quantities in hits and grams, and estimating their hit sizes. We calculated mgTHC using both SHS (0.06g/hit for flower, 0.012g/hit for concentrate) and MQHS. For the MQHS approach, we calculated median GPHRs for each hit size group and assigned those medians to individuals within that group. Results: For flower, median GPHR increased with hit size (small: 0.042, medium: 0.062, large: 0.093). The MQHS estimate for mgTHC from flower was higher than SHS for large hits (95% CI:[12.4, 50.0]) but showed no difference for medium or small hits (95% CI: [-3.2, 8.1]; 95%CI: [-27.6, 3.4]). For concentrate, median GPHR was similar for small and medium hits but lower than large hits (small: 0.024, medium: 0.025, large: 0.035). MQHS estimates for mgTHC were higher than SHS for all hit sizes (95% CI: [46.3, 86.3]; 95% CI: [24.8, 45.5]; 95% CI: [11.5, 36.5] for large, medium, small hits, respectively). Conclusions: The MQHS estimates captures hit size variability for flower. The floor effect with median GPHRs for concentrates suggests further investigation is needed for MQHS estimates with concentrates. The MQHS approach illustrates a method to develop new standard GPHRs for each qualitative hit size group, after further investigation.


id: oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/286
date: 2025-07-14
pages: Cannabis; Vol. 8 No. 2 (2025): Cannabis; 33-50
extension: The Research Society on Marijuana
mime: eng
words: none
sentence: https://publications.sciences.ucf.edu/cannabis/index.php/Cannabis/article/download/286/210
author:
  McNamara, Ian A.; Parnes, Jamie E.; Stetsiv, Khrystyna; Nance, Melissa; Sauer, Jake; Greenwood, Kayleigh ; Masters, Joan P.; Carpenter, Ryan W.

title:
  Missouri College Students' Intentions Towards Initiating or Changing Cannabis Use in a Shifting Legal Landscape

flesch:
  Background: With cannabis legal in nearly half of U.S. states, important concerns about the public health impact remain, particularly for states yet to legalize. The present study, using data collected in the initial phase of cannabis legalization in Missouri, examined predictors of the intention to initiate (in the cannabis naÃ¯ve) and increase use (in those with past-year use) in a representative sample of Missouri college students. Methods: Data (ncannabisnaÃ¯ve = 2,716; ncannabisuseÂ  = 1,591) were collected from 25 Missouri college campuses. Four pre-registered multilevel models examined the associations of theory-driven predictors with the intention to initiate cannabis use and to increase use. Results: 33.4% of all students surveyed reported past-year cannabis use, 9.9% of cannabis naÃ¯ve students reported intending to initiate cannabis use, and 22% of those with previous cannabis use reported intending to increase cannabis use. Multilevel modes found that being gay or lesbian (AOR = 3.03; CI = [1.72, 5.34]), bisexual (AOR= 3.52; CI = [2.41, 5.14]), or queer (AOR = 2.51; CI = [1.71, 3.69]) was associated with intending to initiate use, while greater flourishing (AOR = 0.98; CIÂ  = [0.96, 0.99]) was associated with decreased odds of intending to initiate use. Endorsing more cannabis motives (AOR = 1.13; CI = [1.08, 1.19]), age of first use (AOR = 1.09; CI = [1.03, 1.15]), and being gay or lesbian (AOR = 2.19; CI = [1.27, 3.76]) were associated with intending to increase use. Endorsing more cannabis-related negative consequences was associated with intending to decrease use (AOR = 0.91; CI = [0.89, 0.94]). Discussion: Multiple theory-driven factors were associated with intending to initiate or increase cannabis use following legalization. Future research should examine how intentions to change cannabis use translate to actualized behavior following legalization and factors that may create increased risk for minoritized sexual identities.


id: oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/287
author: Elder, Sarah N.; Teeters, Jenni B.
date: 2025-01-31
pages: Cannabis; Vol. 8 No. 1 (2025): Cannabis; 165-176
extension: The Research Society on Marijuana
mime: eng
words: none
sentence: https://publications.sciences.ucf.edu/cannabis/index.php/Cannabis/article/download/287/202
title:
  Are Changes in Negative Cannabis Expectancies, Peer Approval, and Perceptions of Dangerousness of Driving After Cannabis Use Associated with Changes in Instances of Driving After Cannabis Use Following a Mobile-Phone Based Intervention? 

flesch:
  Objective: Driving after cannabis use (DACU) has become an increasing public health concern nationwide. Although previous research has linked perceived peer approval, perceptions of dangerousness, and negative effect expectancies to DACU, no previous work has examined whether these constructs can be successfully targeted in an intervention or whether changes in these variables lead to changes in DACU. The present study is a secondary data analysis to investigate within-subject change and potential mechanisms of change in a pilot trial for a mobile phone-based intervention shown to significantly reduce DACU over time.Â Method: Participants were 66 emerging adults who completed the mobile-based intervention and provided 3-month follow-up data. Participants completed measures that assessed rates of DACU, negative cannabis expectancies, perceptions of dangerousness, and perceived peer-approval. Results: Results indicated that negative effect expectancies significantly increased from baseline to three-month follow-up, while perceived peer approval for DACU significantly decreased from baseline to three-month follow-up. Though significant within-subject change was found for all variables of interest, none of the variables of interest significantly mediated changes in instances of DACU over time. The results of the current study suggest that key variables associated with DACU-perceived peer approval and negative cannabis expectancies can be successfully targeted in a mobile-based brief intervention. Conclusions: Continued research investigating moderators and mediators of intervention outcomes is warranted. Â 


id: oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/288
title: Temporal Trends in Young Adult Cannabis and Tobacco Use in States with Different Cannabis Policies
date: 2025-07-14
pages: Cannabis; Vol. 8 No. 2 (2025): Cannabis; 98-111
extension: The Research Society on Marijuana
mime: eng
words: none
sentence: https://publications.sciences.ucf.edu/cannabis/index.php/Cannabis/article/download/288/216
author:
  Glasser, Allison M.; Uriarte, Caitlin; King Jensen, Jessica; Sterling, Kymberle; Shang, Ce; Hammond, David; Villanti, Andrea C.

flesch:
  Objective: Cannabis legalization may impact both cannabis and tobacco use, given the high prevalence of co-use (including blunt use) among young adults (YAs) in the United States. The objective of this descriptive ecological study was to examine trends in YA cannabis and tobacco use from 2002-2018 in states that passed adult and medical use (AMU) or medical use only (MUO) cannabis laws during that time (N = 16). Method: Using data from the National Survey on Drug Use and Health, we conducted a segmented regression analysis to calculate absolute percent change in past 30-day cannabis, blunt, cigarette, and cigar use between time points. We descriptively compared points of slope inflection with key legalization dates. Results: All states showed a decline in YA cigarette smoking over time, a slight decline in cigar smoking, and increases in cannabis and blunt use. Cannabis use increased following opening of MUO retail outlets and, in several states, increased following adult use law implementation and/or opening of retail outlets. For example, in Maine, cannabis use plateaued after a MUO law was adopted (2009) until about 1-2 years after retail outlets opened (2011), when YA cannabis use increased by 22.4% (95% CI: 19.0, 29.4) and continued increasing steadily after adult use was adopted (2017). Conclusions: Cannabis and blunt use increased more in states where AMU laws were in place compared to those with MUO laws, though causality was not assessed. Varying trends may correlate with cannabis policies, tobacco policies and other political, economic, or social factors at the state level.


id: oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/289
date: 2025-01-31
pages: Cannabis; Vol. 8 No. 1 (2025): Cannabis; 150-164
extension: The Research Society on Marijuana
mime: eng
words: none
sentence: https://publications.sciences.ucf.edu/cannabis/index.php/Cannabis/article/download/289/200
author:
  Walukevich-Dienst, Katherine; DeVries, Ella G.; Fontana, Thomas J. K.; Blayney, Jessica A.; Kilmer, Jason R.; Graupensperger, Scott; Lee, Christine M.

title:
  What Are Tolerance Breaks and Why Do Young Adults Take Them? A Qualitative Investigation of Temporary Abstinence Breaks from Cannabis

flesch:
  Objective: This study investigated young adultsâ€™ (YAs) experiences with tolerance breaks (temporary abstinence from cannabis; T-breaks). Method: In Study 1, 15 YAs who used cannabis completed a qualitative interview. In Study 2, 66 YAs who used cannabis at least 2x/week completed online survey items assessing T-break familiarity, definitions, motivations, and experiences. Data were analyzed using qualitative thematic analysis. Results: In Study 1, five themes were identified: (1) time frames for T-breaks were variable but brief and temporary, (2) T-breaks were motivated by tolerance reduction (3) and other motives, (4) withdrawal is an early barrier; positive outcomes occurred with longer breaks, (5) some YAs viewed T-breaks as unnecessary/unachievable.Â  Study 2 findings demonstrated that YAs were familiar with T-breaks and most had attempted a T-break in the past year; greater variability in T-break motivations was apparent in Study 2. Conclusions: Results suggest that YAs define T-breaks as an intentional and temporary period of abstinence from cannabis, regardless of motivation.


id: oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/28
author: Hetelekides, Eleftherios M.; Tyskiewicz, Alexander J.; Prince, Mark A.; Collins, R. Lorraine
date: 2018-07-07
pages: Cannabis; Vol. 1 No. 2 (2018): Cannabis; 66-76
extension: The Research Society on Marijuana
mime: eng
words: none
title:
  The indirect effects of self-efficacy on cannabis use via cannabis protective strategies: A preliminary study

sentence:
  https://publications.sciences.ucf.edu/cannabis/index.php/Cannabis/article/download/cannabis.2018.02.007/14

flesch:
  Cannabis use has more than doubled in the past decade and nearly three of 10 users develop a cannabis use disorder. The increase in users, combined with the ongoing changes in the medical, legal and social status of cannabis, has contributed to interest in the antecedents of cannabis use. In the current preliminary study, we gathered information from a community sample (N = 54) of regular cannabis using young adults. Assessments included perceived self-efficacy for reducing intake or abstaining (SE-R/A), use of cannabis protective strategies (CPS), and average quantity of cannabis use per day. We systematically explored which specific CPS were most strongly associated with self-efficacy and cannabis use. Three clinically relevant subgroups of CPS emerged from this analysis: strategies strongly associated with only self-efficacy, only cannabis use, and both variables. We hypothesized that self-efficacy would be associated with less cannabis use via use of CPS. Among specific CPS examined, â€œUse a little and then wait to see how you feel before using moreâ€ had the strongest association with self-efficacy while â€œAvoid methods of using cannabis that can make you more intoxicated than you would likeâ€ had the strongest negative association with cannabis use. We observed a significant indirect relationship from self-efficacy to cannabis use through use of CPS. Our findings suggest that use of CPS is a potential mechanism by which cannabis users reduce use, and a more proximal antecedent of cannabis use than personal confidence in one's ability to stop using. These preliminary findings highlight the value of studying individual strategies. They also may have implications for promoting use of cannabis protective strategies when treating those with cannabis use problems. DOI: 10.26828/cannabis.2018.02.007 


id: oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/291
author: Ageze, Daniel; Dell'Acqua, Renee ; Marcotte, Thomas D.; Garcia, Jesus ; Rybar, Jill ; Hill, Linda
date: 2025-11-03
pages: Cannabis; Vol. 8 No. 3 (2025): Cannabis; 72-88
extension: The Research Society on Marijuana
mime: eng
words: none
sentence: https://publications.sciences.ucf.edu/cannabis/index.php/Cannabis/article/download/291/229
title:
  The Impact of Adult Cannabis Use Legalization in California: A Qualitative Review of Subject Matter Expert Opinions on Proposition 64

flesch:
  Objective: California Â legalized adult cannabis use in 2016 with the passing of Proposition 64: The Adult Use Marijuana Act (Prop 64). This qualitative study aimed to explore the impact of legalization on various stakeholders and institutions within California, especially as it relates to public policy, health, and safety. Method: Twenty-two semi-structured interviews were conducted from January to March 2022 with stakeholders that included Subject Matter Experts (SME) from the following categories: clinicians (primary care, pain management, addiction medicine, cannabis clinicians), researchers, advocates, dispensary owners/personnel, legal professionals, and cannabis consumers. Nine interview guides were constructed to assess participants' perceptions of Prop 64 and its impact on their given sector/industry as it relates to the use, production, distribution, and access to medicinal and adult cannabis use. Thematic analysis was conducted to identify salient themes from the interviews. Results: The three primary themes and subthemes included: (1) Successes of Prop 64 (quality control, justice reform, stigma reduction), (2) Shortcomings of Prop 64 (high cost, licensing, bureaucracy, social inequity), and (3) Recommendations for improvement of Prop 64 (need for research, policy change, the transformation of business model). Conclusions: The implementation of cannabis legalization in California had a broad impact on many key stakeholders. While demonstrating some success, SME described key areas for improvement of Prop 64. A multidisciplinary approach with support from government, state, and local municipalities is necessary to facilitate proper regulation, provide timely support, and reduce social injustice, harm, and unforeseen consequences of use. Updating federal regulations (e.g., Schedule I status) might be an important step to allow for improving regulation and operations (e.g. banking) within the cannabis industry, further research and education, and greater cross-state consistency regarding law enforcement/regulation of cannabis. Public Health Implications: The information gathered will help inform public policy, as well as help health professionals design new health education campaigns for the general public.


id: oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/292
author: Darby J. E. Lowe; Wang, Cindy ; Rueda, Sergio; George, Tony P.
title: Budtender Perceptions and Knowledge of Cannabis and Mental Health: A Preliminary Study
date: 2025-07-14
pages: Cannabis; Vol. 8 No. 2 (2025): Cannabis; 164-176
extension: The Research Society on Marijuana
mime: eng
words: none
sentence: https://publications.sciences.ucf.edu/cannabis/index.php/Cannabis/article/download/292/209
flesch:
  Objective: Legal cannabis dispensary employees (â€œBudtendersâ€) are a significant resource for cannabis users. Current research indicates that cannabis use may adversely impact mental health. Public perception, however, is often inconsistent with this evidence, leading to increased use and disproportionate harm towards individuals with mental health disorders. This underscores the need for a deeper understanding of how Budtenders may influence these perceptions. This preliminary cross-sectional survey assessed Budtender perceptions and knowledge of cannabis use and its implications for mental health. Method: Researchers recruited Budtenders (N = 46) from legal cannabis dispensaries (Ontario Cannabis Stores) across the Greater Toronto (Canada) Area to participate in a 15-minute online survey. The survey collected non-identifying demographic data and responses about perceptions, education and customer interactions surrounding cannabis and mental health. Results: We found that Budtender perceptions (N = 46) of cannabisâ€™ influence on mental health vary significantly based on symptomatology assessed, and often diverge from evidence-based knowledge. Notably, 54.6% of Budtenders rated cannabis as having a beneficial effect across the outcomes assessed, with sleep and depression most frequently perceived as beneficial. Customers inquired about the mental health effects of cannabis at 21% of cannabis store visits. There was considerable variability in the sources from which Budtenders derived their knowledge. Conclusions: This study underscores significant gaps between Budtender perceptions and scientific evidence regarding cannabis use and mental health. Determining the impact of these perceptions is crucial for developing targeted, evidence-based educational interventions to mitigate the risks associated with recreational cannabis use.


id: oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/296
author: Lauren Micalizzi, Ph.D.
date: 2025-01-07
pages: Cannabis; Vol. 7 No. 2 (2024): Cannabis; 177-311
extension: The Research Society on Marijuana
mime: eng
words: none
sentence: https://publications.sciences.ucf.edu/cannabis/index.php/Cannabis/article/download/296/179
flesch: none
title:
  Special Section Editor: Abstracts from the 2024 Scientific Meeting of the Research Society on Marijuana July 19th -21st, 2024


id: oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/297
title: Developing a Mock Retail Cannabis Shop for Research: A Description of The CANNEX
date: 2025-07-14
pages: Cannabis; Vol. 8 No. 2 (2025): Cannabis; 51-66
extension: The Research Society on Marijuana
mime: eng
words: none
sentence: https://publications.sciences.ucf.edu/cannabis/index.php/Cannabis/article/download/297/213
author:
  Pedersen, Eric R.; Prince, Mark A. ; Shute, Ireland M. ; Brown, Megan E. ; Gray, Bethany ; Buch, Keegan D. ; Monterosso, John 

flesch:
  Objective: Cannabis retail dispensaries have proliferated in the United States in recent years, making it an important time for conducting research. Research is needed to learn more about consumer purchasing behaviors, including the impact of product marketing both inside and outside of retail spaces, and studies are needed to explore how both consumers and retail staff interpret the health benefits and potential risks associated with cannabis products within these environments. Current research on cannabis dispensaries often involves surveys or interviews with customers and dispensary staff outside of dispensary environments, but much can be learned through observational and experimental methods within dispensaries themselves. However, researchers have traditionally relied on surveillance methods, where researchers visit dispensaries to gain a deeper understanding of real-world encounters in these environments. Although these methods provide helpful insights into purchasing and selling behavior, as well as regulatory compliance, these studies are conducted in an uncontrolled environment, as products, messaging, and interactions are specific to the dispensaries in which the research is conducted. Method: We therefore created a mock cannabis dispensary to offer participants a retail experience that can be controlled and manipulated (e.g., adjustable cannabis product prices, placement of health and risk information in the dispensary, scripted interactions with dispensary staff) to help balance ecological and internal validity and answer questions about purchasing and selling behavior beyond what current methods allow. Results: We describe the process of developing and stocking the first known mock cannabis dispensary for research purposes, the Cannabis Annex (â€œThe CANNEXâ€), including interior design, product selection, feedback solicitation from 20 cannabis industry workers, and plans for future research studies within the environment. Conclusions: By describing our process, we hope to aid researchers in developing their own similar mock dispensaries to continue learning about the health benefits, risks from use, and policy implications of cannabis in an increasingly legal recreational atmosphere.


id: oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/299
author: Appleyard Allen, Jane; Title, Shaleen; Bradfield, Brian
date: 2025-11-03
pages: Cannabis; Vol. 8 No. 3 (2025): Cannabis; 9-25
extension: The Research Society on Marijuana
mime: eng
words: none
sentence: https://publications.sciences.ucf.edu/cannabis/index.php/Cannabis/article/download/299/222
title:
  Same Story, Different Seller: Teaching the Public How Cannabis Models Driven by Profit Create the Same Injustices as Prohibition

flesch:
  Objective: U.S. cannabis policy has been shaped by racism and produced racist outcomes. The legalization of cannabis for adult use represents an opportunity to end harmful policies and repair some of the damage caused by the War on Drugs. However, this opportunity may be slipping away. Large corporations with histories of exploitation are steering cannabis policy to maximize profits. Parabola Center for Law and Policy created a media campaign to educate the public about these issues and promote cannabis policies that benefit regular people. We conducted an experiment in the context of an online survey to determine whether six videos from the campaign would resonate with U.S. adults and influence beliefs about cannabis policy. Method: In September 2023, we conducted an online survey of 404 U.S. adults. Participants were randomized to view six Parabola Campaign videos featuring cannabis policy experts before or after responding to survey questions. Results: Participants who saw the Parabola Campaign videos had greater agreement that cannabis legalization should not benefit the tobacco industry, the pharmaceutical industry, and alcohol companies (all p &lt; .05). They also had greater agreement that legalization should create space for small businesses, create a sharing community, and benefit people from communities that have been harmed by the Drug War (all p &lt; .05). Â Conclusions: Public education can be a powerful tool to promote equity-focused cannabis policy, by raising awareness of corporate influence, promoting community-centered regulatory models, and building support for an equitable approach to federal legalization.


id: oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/303
date: 2025-07-14
pages: Cannabis; Vol. 8 No. 2 (2025): Cannabis; 112-128
extension: The Research Society on Marijuana
mime: eng
words: none
sentence: https://publications.sciences.ucf.edu/cannabis/index.php/Cannabis/article/download/303/219
author:
  Phillips, Kristina T.; Pedula, Kathryn L.; Tsuzaki, Kara; Erickson, Catherine; Lai, Jonathan; Simiola, Vanessa ; Wong, Samantha; Pokhrel, Pallav; Satre, Derek D.

title:
  Cannabis Use Patterns and Co-Use of Alcohol and Nicotine in Adults Over 50 by Demographic Factors and Medical Cannabis Use

flesch:
  Objective: Cannabis use among adults over age 50 is increasing, but data on specific products, co-use, and cannabis-related problems in this age group are lacking. The current study assessed differences in cannabis use patterns and alcohol and nicotine co-use by select demographic factors and medical cannabis status, as well as associations with problem cannabis use, among adults over 50. Method: Adults over age 50 who used cannabis use in the past 30 days were recruited from a healthcare system and invited to complete an online survey. Results: Participants (N = 367) were 43% female, with an average age of 65.9 (SD = 8.6), and predominantly White (67.9%), Native Hawaiian or Pacific Islander (NHPI; 12.3%), or Asian (9.3%). Mean frequency of cannabis use within the past 30 days was 18.7 days (SD = 11.5), and 27% reported use of non-medical cannabis-only. Co-use of cannabis with other substances was common, especially alcohol. Although group comparisons showed several differences by age, sex, and medical cannabis status, greater differences were found by race/ethnicity. White participants were more likely than others to have a state medical cannabis card, source their cannabis solely from medical dispensaries, and report alcohol co-use. NHPI participants were most likely to smoke cannabis and use tobacco. Smoking, as compared to consuming edibles and â€œotherâ€ methods, and greater cannabis frequency, were associated with problem cannabis use. Conclusions: Findings illustrate patterns of cannabis and other substance use, with important demographic differences. Future research among older adults should include development of targeted interventions to address cannabis use problems and polysubstance use.


id: oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/305
date: 2025-11-03
pages: Cannabis; Vol. 8 No. 3 (2025): Cannabis; 103-115
extension: The Research Society on Marijuana
mime: eng
words: none
sentence: https://publications.sciences.ucf.edu/cannabis/index.php/Cannabis/article/download/305/233
author:
  Vogel, Erin A.; Romm, Katelyn F.; McMaughan, DJ; Zvolensky, Michael J.; Garey, Lorra; Businelle, Michael S.

title:
  Associations of Disability and Social Support with Cannabis Use Among Adults with Anxiety and Depressive Symptoms

flesch:
  Objective: People with (versus without) disabilities may be more likely to use cannabis medicinally, especially if they lack social support to cope with symptoms. However, associations of social support and disability with cannabis use remain largely unexplored. Method: Adults with clinically significant anxiety and/or depressive symptoms participating in a clinical trial completed a baseline survey assessing past-month medical and recreational cannabis use, self-perceived disability (yes/no), perceived social support, and sociodemographics. Regression models examined the association between disability and social support, and the main and interactive effects of disability and social support on past-month medical and recreational cannabis use, adjusting for race and ethnicity, gender, age, and income. Results: The sample (N = 822) was 25.3% American Indian, 25.1% Black, 25.1% White, and 24.6% Latinx (64.6% female; Mage = 38.3 [SD = 12.8]). Half (51.1%) self-reported a health condition that limited activities (i.e., disability); 24.9% reported past-month medical cannabis use, and 25.4% reported past-month recreational cannabis use. Participants with a self-reported disability reported lower average social support than those without (p = .031). A significant (p = .045) disability X social support interaction indicated that social support was associated with lower odds of medical cannabis use among those without (p = .038), but not with (p = .525), disability. Disability and social support were not significantly associated with recreational cannabis use (p-values &gt; .05). Conclusions: Individuals with disabilities had elevated odds of using medical cannabis, regardless of social support. Social support is imperative for well-being, and cannabis use may alleviate some symptoms; however, more accessible, comprehensive healthcare may be needed to support individuals with disabilities.


id: oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/306
author: Bolt, Jennifer; Movold, Jacob; Fenton, Melanie; Behm, Megan; Williamson, Jill; Jakobi, Jennifer M.
date: 2025-07-14
pages: Cannabis; Vol. 8 No. 2 (2025): Cannabis; 1-17
extension: The Research Society on Marijuana
mime: eng
words: none
sentence: https://publications.sciences.ucf.edu/cannabis/index.php/Cannabis/article/download/306/218
title:
  Cannabis Use and Perceptions of Cannabis Safety, Effectiveness, and Stigma amongst older Canadians: A Cross-Sectional Survey

flesch:
  Objective: Since legalization in 2018, older Canadiansâ€™ use of cannabis has increased steadily, yet little is known about their perceptions of cannabis. We aimed to determine cannabis usage, and characterize perceptions of safety, effectiveness and stigma in community dwelling older Canadians.Â  Method: Canadians aged 50 years and older were invited to participate in an electronic survey of their experience with cannabis and perceptions of cannabis safety, effectiveness, and stigma. Data were categorized as participants reporting current use, non-use, prior use, and considering use. Perceptions were assessed with a 5-point Likert scale and open text box questions.Â  Logistic regression models were used to assess how age, sex, cannabis usage, and education influenced perceptions. Results: One thousand six hundred fifteen participants completed the survey. Current cannabis use was reported by 44% of respondents, followed by non-use (33.2%), prior use (16.5%) and considering use (6.1%). Almost half (49.2%) perceived the risks of using cannabis to be low or very low. The greatest concerns regarding cannabis use were effects on cognition/mental health (40.8%), physical health (19.1%), and available product information (18.0%). Participants somewhat or strongly agreed that there is not enough information on cannabis safety (60.4%) and effectiveness (63.8%), and 34.7% perceived there to be a negative stigma amongst family and friends. Cannabis perceptions were influenced by age, sex, cannabis usage, and education. Conclusions:Generational and sex-based differences exist in cannabis usage and perceptions amongst older Canadians. These differences require consideration by health practitioners and public health workers to meet the educational needs of older adults.


id: oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/309
date: 2025-07-14
pages: Cannabis; Vol. 8 No. 2 (2025): Cannabis; 67-84
extension: The Research Society on Marijuana
mime: eng
words: none
sentence: https://publications.sciences.ucf.edu/cannabis/index.php/Cannabis/article/download/309/220
author:
  Matheson, Justin; Saini, Harseerat; Haines-Saah, Rebecca; Sanches, Marcos; Sloan, Matthew E.; Zaweel, Adam; Hassan, Ahmed; Buckley, Leslie; Porath, Amy; MacKillop, James; Hendershot, Christian S.; Kloiber, Stefan; Le Foll, Bernard

title:
  Cannabis Use Characteristics and Reasons for Product Choices Among Patients Accessing Treatment for Substance Use Disorders: A Mixed-Methods Study

flesch:
  Objective: The diversity and potency of cannabis products have increased in recent years, underscoring the importance of understanding which products are being used and why. Patients with substance use disorders (SUDs) use have a high prevalence of risky cannabis use, making it especially important to understand use patterns in this group. We aimed to first describe cannabis product characteristics and then explore reasons for choosing products in our sample.Â  Method: In this mixed-methods study, 472 adults who self-reported accessing SUD treatment and lifetime cannabis use completed an online survey. A subset of 22 participants completed in-depth interviews. Quantitative results focused on describing cannabis use characteristics (e.g., product types) among participants reporting past-year cannabis use (current use group) or lifetime cannabis use but no use in past year (past use group), while qualitative descriptive analysis was used to describe reasons for choosing products among participants who were currently using cannabis. Results: Â Across medical and non-medical use of cannabis, dried flower and smoked cannabis formulations were most used (e.g., 89% of the current use group reported smoking cannabis for non-medical purposes), followed by edibles (e.g., 53% of the current use group used edible formulations of cannabis for non-medical purposes), though there was considerable use of higher-potency products such as concentrates and dabs (e.g., 11% of the current use group had used dabs for non-medical purposes). Our qualitative analysis found that almost all participants were motivated by THC content when purchasing products, yet sometimes perceived medical benefits or harm reduction were reasons for using certain products (especially CBD-dominant products), while sometimes other factors (e.g., convenience, familiarity) were influential. Conclusions: Cannabis use characteristics (including motives for choosing products) are complex and nuanced in patients accessing SUD treatment. More work is needed to understand longitudinal relationships between use of different cannabis products and both harms and potential benefits.


id: oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/30
author: none
date: 2018-02-05
pages: Cannabis; Vol. 1 No. 1 (2018): Cannabis; 61-106
extension: The Research Society on Marijuana
mime: eng
words: none
sentence: https://publications.sciences.ucf.edu/cannabis/index.php/Cannabis/article/download/30/7
title:
  Abstracts from the 2017 Scientific Meeting of the Research Society on Marijuana July 28th-30th, 2017 Fort Collins, Colorado

flesch:
  All poster presentations and symposia were peer-reviewed by the 2017 Conference Program Committee of the Research Society on Marijuana (RSMj) (Chair: Bradley T. Conner, Colorado State University). All abstracts below were approved and voluntarily submitted for publication in Cannabis by the presenting or contact author.


id: oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/312
author: Minister, Claire; Hendershot, Christian S.; Keough, Matthew T.; Wardell, Jeffrey D.
date: 2025-11-03
pages: Cannabis; Vol. 8 No. 3 (2025): Cannabis; 116-132
extension: The Research Society on Marijuana
mime: eng
words: none
sentence: https://publications.sciences.ucf.edu/cannabis/index.php/Cannabis/article/download/312/227
title:
  Understanding the Relationships between ADHD Symptoms and Cannabis-Related Consequences among Young Adults

flesch:
  Objective: The link between attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and cannabis-related problems is well documented, though research has primarily focused on cannabis use disorder (CUD) or cannabis consequences in aggregate. This study examined how inattentive (IN) versus hyperactive/impulsive (HI) ADHD symptoms relate to CUD symptoms as well as distinct domains of cannabis consequences (social-interpersonal consequences, impaired control, negative self-perception, self-care, risk behaviors, academic/occupational consequences, physical dependence, and blackout use) in young adults. Total amount of cannabis flower used over the past 90 days was explored as a potential mediator of these associations. Â Method: Young adults (N = 160; 41% male; ages 19-25, M = 22, SD = 2.06) with a history of regular cannabis use completed self-report measures of ADHD symptoms and cannabis consequences. Participants also completed a 90-day Timeline Follow Back assessing grams of cannabis flower consumed each day, along with a structured clinical interview for CUD. Results: IN symptoms were directly associated with cannabis-related occupational/academic consequences, self-care consequences, and blackouts/memory impairment, independent of quantity of cannabis consumption. HI symptoms showed positive indirect associations with physical dependence, impaired control, and CUD through greater amount of cannabis used. Conversely, IN symptoms had negative indirect associations with these outcomes, mediated by amount of cannabis used. Conclusions: Findings reveal distinct pathways through which IN and HI ADHD symptoms relate to cannabis problems in young adults. Findings highlight the need to consider ADHD symptom domains separately when assessing specific cannabis-related risks, which may have implications for tailoring interventions.


id: oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/316
author: Ntais, Christos; Kontodimopoulos, Nikolaos; Melanthiou, Yioula
date: 2025-07-14
pages: Cannabis; Vol. 8 No. 2 (2025): Cannabis; 129-140
extension: The Research Society on Marijuana
mime: eng
words: none
sentence: https://publications.sciences.ucf.edu/cannabis/index.php/Cannabis/article/download/316/215
title:
  Marketing Management and Policymaking for Medical Cannabis: Overcoming Barriers and Shaping Strategies

flesch:
  Objective: Medical cannabis has emerged as a promising therapeutic option, but its market acceptance faces significant regulatory, societal, and scientific challenges. This study explores pharmaceutical business managersâ€™ perspectives on marketing strategies, brand architecture, and the value proposition of medical cannabis, aiming to identify approaches to overcome these barriers and guide policymaking. Method: Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 12 pharmaceutical managers to explore key challenges and strategies. Results: Key themes included the need for extensive scientific research, targeted communication to address stigma, effective marketing tactics, and long-term sustainability. Participants stressed the importance of rigorous, disease-specific research to establish medical cannabisâ€™ therapeutic efficacy and build trust with healthcare providers and patients. Societal stigma was identified as a major barrier, with participants advocating for communication strategies that distinguish medical cannabis from recreational use and educate stakeholders. Marketing strategies focused on creating a unique value proposition, strong brand identity, and adaptive approaches to meet the diverse needs of healthcare professionals, regulators, and patients. Additionally, phased market entry strategies, beginning with pilot programs in regions with progressive regulatory environments, were recommended to pave the way for broader market expansion. Conclusions: This study offers valuable insights into the marketing management and policymaking necessary for integrating medical cannabis into the pharmaceutical market. By addressing regulatory uncertainties, societal stigma, and scientific gaps, pharmaceutical companies can unlock the full potential of medical cannabis as a credible therapeutic product. These findings lay the groundwork for future research and policymaking to promote sustainable growth in the emerging medical cannabis market.


id: oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/319
author: Meacham, Meredith C.; Mian, Maha N.; Schell, Danielle; Cheshire, Coye
date: 2025
pages: 10
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 6202
sentence: 346
flesch: 54
cache: cache/cannabis-169.pdf
txt: txt/cannabis-169.txt
title:
  Cannabis Dispensary Staff (Budtender") Perspectives on Trustworthiness of Social Media Information: A Qualitative Study

summary:
  Furthermore, this study adds to the growing COVID-19 literature by providing insight on college student SAM behaviors. We discovered that not only does socialization affect SAM, but the specific contexts and motivations behind these behaviors also play a crucial role, which adds to our developing understanding of SAM behavior.


id: cannabis-109
author: Johnson, Mark B.; McKnight, Scott; Taylor, Eileen P.; Mechtler, Laszlo; Ralyea, Christopher C.
date: 2022
pages: 11
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 8518
sentence: 481
flesch: 66
cache: cache/cannabis-109.pdf
txt: txt/cannabis-109.txt
title:
  The effects of Î²-myrcene on simulated driving and divided attention: A double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover pilot study

summary:
  β-myrcene, one of the most common terpenes found in cannabis, has been associated with sedation. β-myrcene was associated with statistically significant reductions in speed control and increased errors on a divided attention task.


id: cannabis-171
title: cannabis-171
pages: 9
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 5228
sentence: 244
flesch: 47
cache: cache/cannabis-171.pdf
txt: txt/cannabis-171.txt
summary:
  Higher consumption SAM use days were associated with more negative alcohol consequences than all other days; however, higher consumption SAM use days differed from higher consumption alcohol-only days in acute dependence symptoms. Likelihood of Co-Use and SAM Use is plotted on a 0-100% scale; moderate consumption alcohol-only days encompassed 57.5% of days, moderate consumption SAM use days encompassed 29% of days, higher consumption alcohol-only days encompassed 7.4% of days, and higher consumption SAM use days encompassed 6% of days across N=489 participants.


id: cannabis-149
date: 2023
pages: 14
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 7972
sentence: 454
flesch: 52
cache: cache/cannabis-149.pdf
txt: txt/cannabis-149.txt
author:
  McMahon, Alexandra; Varma, Deepthi; Fechtel, Hannah ; Sibille, Kimberly ; Li, Zhigang; Cook, Robert; Wang, Yan

title:
  Perceived Effectiveness of Medical Cannabis Among Adults with Chronic Pain: Findings from Interview Data in a Three-Month Pilot Study

summary:
  Participant was undecided on the overall effectiveness of medical cannabis treatment. [45 years, female] A few participants reported not noticing any reduction of pain or being undecided on overall effectiveness of medical cannabis treatment.


id: cannabis-168
author: Gebru, Nioud; Aston, Elizabeth; Berey, Benjamin; Snell, L. Morgan; Leeman, Robert ; Metrik, Jane
date: 2023
pages: 17
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 11804
sentence: 695
flesch: 60
cache: cache/cannabis-168.pdf
txt: txt/cannabis-168.txt
title:
  â€œThatâ€™s Pot Culture Right Thereâ€: Purchasing Behaviors of People Who Use Cannabis Without a Medical Cannabis Card

summary:
  Key words: buying marijuana; cannabis purchase; qualitative methods; marijuana purchase task; focus groups The past decade has seen a rapid increase in the legalization of cannabis use and purchasing (i.e., sale, possession) for recreational purposes. Higher prevalence of cannabis use is of concern to public health because it has been associated with several deleterious outcomes, including increased risk for cannabis-related emergency department and urgent care visits (Wang et al., 2018), cannabis use disorder (Cerdá et al., 2020), motor vehicle crashes (Rogeberg & Elvik, 2016), and negative effects on individuals’ cardiovascular health (Cohen et al., 2019).


id: cannabis-124
title: Adolescent Cannabis Use Among Youth in ZIP Codes with Medical Dispensaries
date: 2022
pages: 11
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 6502
sentence: 370
flesch: 60
cache: cache/cannabis-124.pdf
txt: txt/cannabis-124.txt
author:
  Smith, Douglas C.; Begum, Shahana ; Carrington, Allison A.; Campbell, Corey C.; Taylor, Shaneil E.; Reinhart, Crystal A.; Swartz, James A.

summary:
  Finally, suburban youth living in a ZCWD also had lower odds of cannabis use (OR = .54, p < .01). Approximately 1.4 million people initiated cannabis use in the past year, comparable to estimates from 2002-2018 (NSDUH, 2020).


id: cannabis-112
author: Altman, Brianna R; Earleywine, Mitch; Mian, Maha N; Dalal, Dev
title: Cannabisâ€™s Link to Schizotypy: Phenomenon, Measurement Bias, or Delusion?
date: 2022
pages: 12
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 7260
sentence: 413
flesch: 58
cache: cache/cannabis-112.pdf
txt: txt/cannabis-112.txt
summary:
  Participants who endorsed lifetime cannabis use (“lifetime users”) reported whether they were current users (“current users”) or current non-users (“current non-users”), their frequency of cannabis use in the past week and in a typical week, average monthly consumption (in ounces), and average level of intoxication (ranging Cannabis, A Publication of the Research Society on Marijuana 31 from 0 “Not at all” to 7 “Extremely”). v5i2a3_authors_FINAL Research Article 28 Ved ABSTRACT Links between cannabis use and psychosis generate research and media attention.


id: cannabis-161
author: Gette, Jordan; Littlefield, Andrew K.; Victor, Sarah E.; Schmidt, Adam T.; Garos, Sheila
date: 2025
pages: 23
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 12036
sentence: 735
flesch: 57
cache: cache/cannabis-161.pdf
txt: txt/cannabis-161.txt
title:
  Evaluation of the Daily Sessions, Frequency, Age of Onset, and Quantity of Cannabis Use Questionnaire and its Relations to Cannabis-Related Problems

summary:
  Several indicators of cannabis use (e.g., quantity, frequency) as they relate to negative outcomes have been posited in the extant literature. The Daily Sessions, Frequency, Age of Onset, and Quantity of Cannabis Use Inventory (DFAQ-CU) was developed to assess cannabis use across a range of factors.


id: cannabis-159
author: Ladd, Special Section Editor: Benjamin O.
date: 2022
pages: 37
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 24380
sentence: 965
flesch: 43
cache: cache/cannabis-159.pdf
txt: txt/cannabis-159.txt
title:
  Abstracts from the 2022 Annual Scientific Meeting of the Research Society on Marijuana: July 22â€“24, 2022

summary:
  Little is known about health perceptions of LCCs among these populations, particularly as it relates to cannabis use. Conclusions: Future cannabis prevention efforts should consider these findings when designing interventions and public health campaigns to address cannabis use among women of reproductive age, including pregnant women.


id: cannabis-101
author: Bartel, Sara; Sherry, Simon ; Mahu, Ioan; Stewart, Sherry
date: 2022
pages: 16
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 9581
sentence: 476
flesch: 55
cache: cache/cannabis-101.pdf
txt: txt/cannabis-101.txt
title:
  Development of Brief Alcohol and Cannabis Motives Measures: Psychometric Evaluation Using Expert Feedback and Longitudinal Methods

summary:
  Conclusions: The brief measures represent psychometrically-sound measures of cannabis and alcohol use motives with substantially less participant burden than the MMM and MDMQ-R. Key words: = cannabis motives; alcohol motives; test development; young adults Individuals are motivated to engage in cannabis and alcohol use to achieve a variety of effects (i.e., substance use motives). 2Based on publication history, 27 experts were considered to have expertise in both alcohol and cannabis motives; 21 were considered to have expertise in cannabis motives only; and 25 were considered to have expertise in alcohol motives only.


id: cannabis-143
title: Population and Neighborhood Correlates of Cannabis Dispensary Locations in Oklahoma
date: 2022
pages: 15
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 7212
sentence: 407
flesch: 50
cache: cache/cannabis-143.pdf
txt: txt/cannabis-143.txt
author:
  Cohn, Amy; Sedani, Ami; Niznik, Taylor; Alexander, Adam; Lowery, Bryce; McQuoid, Julia; Campbell, Janis

summary:
  Key words: = cannabis; dispensaries; census; location; demographics; poverty; Oklahoma; medical As of October 2022, the majority (37) of states in the U.S. and the District of Columbia have legalized medical cannabis, resulting in a proliferation of medical cannabis dispensaries. Despite noted benefits to the economy, studies show that medical cannabis dispensaries cluster in disadvantaged neighborhoods that have higher rates of crime and lower income residents (Morrison et al. 2014; Unger et al. 2020).


id: cannabis-162
author: Waddell, Jack; Howe, Lindy
date: 2023
pages: 15
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 9489
sentence: 442
flesch: 48
cache: cache/cannabis-162.pdf
txt: txt/cannabis-162.txt
title:
  Relations Among Adolescent Alcohol and Cannabis Co-Use, Adolescent Impulsive Traits, and Prospective Change in Impulsive Traits into Emerging Adulthood

summary:
  Key words: = impulsivity; sensation seeking; personality change; co-use; alcohol use; cannabis Alcohol and cannabis are the most frequently used psychotropic drugs in the U.S. (NIDA, 2020), and remain significant public health concerns. Nevertheless, it remains unclear whether the co- use of alcohol and cannabis in adolescence predicts personality change into emerging adulthood above and beyond levels of alcohol use.


id: cannabis-192
title: cannabis-192
pages: 8
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 4318
sentence: 213
flesch: 51
cache: cache/cannabis-192.pdf
txt: txt/cannabis-192.txt
summary:
  Brief Report 15 Ved ABSTRACT ABSTRACT Objective: Individuals with anxiety frequently use cannabis to cope and are at greater risk for developing probable cannabis use disorder (CUD). The interaction between anxiety and avoidant coping on probable CUD was significant, indicating that participants with high avoidant coping (regardless of high or low anxiety) and those with high anxiety (even with low avoidant coping) were more likely to have probable CUD than those with both low anxiety and low avoidant coping.


id: cannabis-185
title: cannabis-185
pages: 15
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 8429
sentence: 443
flesch: 52
cache: cache/cannabis-185.pdf
txt: txt/cannabis-185.txt
summary:
  Thus, accurate measurement of cannabis reinforcement is important. ARSS-CUV, adapted from the alcohol use version, measures cannabis reinforcement by asking individuals how frequently they engaged in, and how much they enjoyed, different activities when using and not using cannabis.


id: cannabis-117
author: Steuart, Shelby
title: State Variation in U.S. Medical Cannabis Limits, Restrictions, and Therapeutic Cannabis Dosing
date: 2022
pages: 8
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 4046
sentence: 193
flesch: 57
cache: cache/cannabis-117.pdf
txt: txt/cannabis-117.txt
summary:
  METHODS Data on state medical cannabis limits were gathered from state legal statutes (see Supplemental Table 1). However, medical cannabis limits are higher than recreational cannabis limits for all states that have both medical and recreational cannabis access, except for Michigan.3 This could be because the medical cannabis laws were written with the most severe patients in mind, because fewer people use medical cannabis than recreational, or potentially because medical users’ conditions require large amounts of cannabis to treat.


id: cannabis-136
date: 2022
pages: 14
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 7764
sentence: 351
flesch: 50
cache: cache/cannabis-136.pdf
txt: txt/cannabis-136.txt
author:
  DiGuiseppi, Graham; Fedorova, Ekaterina ; Conn, Bridgid; Lankenau, Stephen; Davis, Jordan; Ataiants, Janna; Wong, Carolyn

title:
  Understanding Changes in Social Cannabis Use among Young Adults During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Social Network Analysis

summary:
  Given that the traditionally social nature of cannabis use— whether for recreational or medical purposes— may run counter to social distancing recommendations, particularly among young adults and, whose cannabis use during the pandemic appeared to have increased (Boehnke et al., 2021; Fedorova et al., 2021; Graupensperger et al., 2021; Schepis et al., 2021), additional research is needed to better understand how social isolation and restriction resulting from a pandemic could significantly alter social cannabis use for young adult users. Among young adult college student cannabis users, social cannabis use was reported almost twice as often (7 days per month) than solitary cannabis use (4 days per month) on average (Buckner et al., 2016).


id: cannabis-70
author: Ladd, Special Section Editor: Benjamin O.
date: 2020
pages: 75
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 48260
sentence: 1770
flesch: 42
cache: cache/cannabis-70.pdf
txt: txt/cannabis-70.txt
title:
  Abstracts from the 2019 Scientific Meeting of the Research Society on Marijuana July 26th-28th, 2019 Vancouver, Washington

summary:
  To examine factors related to increasing marijuana use over the past decade, we examined state-level data from the National Survey of Drug Use and Health (NSDUH) from the 2008-2009 and 2016-2017 biennia. Also consistent with hypotheses, across biennia, rates of marijuana use were highest among those aged 18-25 years (26.2%) and in states with legal medical and nonmedical use (19.5%) and lowest among those aged ≥26 years (8.3%) and in states with no medical use (11.9% and 12.7%).


id: cannabis-146
author: Allen, Jane; Lee, Youn; Woodlea, Robyn; Malo, Vincenzo; Zitney, Lauren
title: Public Education Can Be Used to Increase Support for Equity in Cannabis Policy
date: 2023
pages: 13
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 7017
sentence: 354
flesch: 53
cache: cache/cannabis-146.pdf
txt: txt/cannabis-146.txt
summary:
  Few participants (24.9%) were familiar with the concept of equity in cannabis policy, and a substantial proportion—from about 20% to 35%—provided a “neutral” or “don’t know” response when asked about support for specific policies. Exposure to an educational message was associated with greater perceived importance of equity in cannabis policy (p < 0.05) and greater support for equity-focused policies.


id: cannabis-239
title: cannabis-239
pages: 14
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 7807
sentence: 344
flesch: 53
cache: cache/cannabis-239.pdf
txt: txt/cannabis-239.txt
summary:
  The results of this multi-site, prospective, longitudinal study of medical cannabis patients age 50 years and older indicate that cannabis may be a relatively safe and effective treatment for chronic pain, sleep disturbances, and other conditions associated with aging, leading to subsequent reductions in prescription drug use and healthcare costs, as well as significant improvements in quality of life. Method: The Medical Cannabis in Older Patients Study (MCOPS) is a multi-site, prospective observational study examining the real-world impact of medical cannabis use on patients over age 50 under the guidance of a health care provider.


id: cannabis-191
title: cannabis-191
pages: 14
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 8243
sentence: 401
flesch: 50
cache: cache/cannabis-191.pdf
txt: txt/cannabis-191.txt
summary:
  Concerning significant predictor variables, past-month cannabis frequency (b = .33, p = .002) and being of racial/ethnic minority descent (b = .19, p = .05) were positively associated with quantity of cannabis use per day among students, while perceived risk of regular cannabis use (b = -.21, p = .04) was negatively associated with the outcome variable. This study found that among students who violated their university’s zero-tolerance drug use campus policy by using cannabis, there was an association between quantity of cannabis use per day and those who (a) had a higher frequency of cannabis use, (b) had a lower perceived risk of regular cannabis use, and (c) who were of racial/ethnic descent.


id: cannabis-229
title: cannabis-229
pages: 12
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 6194
sentence: 289
flesch: 47
cache: cache/cannabis-229.pdf
txt: txt/cannabis-229.txt
summary:
  Conclusions: Rasch's analysis of CUD symptoms in an inpatient sample broadly supports the DSM-5 CUD syndrome. However, the Rasch model has not been previously used to evaluate DSM-5 CUD criteria.


id: cannabis-259
title: cannabis-259
pages: 10
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 4600
sentence: 214
flesch: 53
cache: cache/cannabis-259.pdf
txt: txt/cannabis-259.txt
summary:
  Another cohort study of 2,987 individuals using cannabis products to manage chronic pain found that higher tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) products were associated with both greater pain relief and increased risk of side effects (Li et al., 2019). Conclusions: We found that people living with chronic pain report important pain relief when using cannabis for medical purposes, and that men may achieve greater pain relief than women.


id: cannabis-258
title: cannabis-258
pages: 16
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 9180
sentence: 468
flesch: 52
cache: cache/cannabis-258.pdf
txt: txt/cannabis-258.txt
summary:
  Research Article 90 Ved ABSTRACT Objective: The relationship between cannabis use and mental health has garnered significant attention in recent decades. Method: The current cross-sectional study examines the relationship between cannabis use, mood disorders, anxiety, and psychosis in an inpatient psychiatric population with severe concurrent mental health and substance use disorders, exploring the potential moderating effect of the legalization of recreational cannabis in Canada.


id: cannabis-234
title: cannabis-234
pages: 14
extension: .docx
mime: application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.wordprocessingml.document
words: 7340
sentence: 368
flesch: 49
cache: cache/cannabis-234.docx
txt: txt/cannabis-234.txt
summary:
  Youths’ easy and unrestricted access to cannabis retailer websites may increase positive attitudes about cannabis and encourage use. Two-thirds of cannabis retailer websites from 10 U.S. states with legal markets displayed health claims and over half had claims of benefits of using cannabis with little or no evidence (Cavazos-Rehg et al., 2019).


id: cannabis-193
title: cannabis-193
pages: 10
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 5735
sentence: 292
flesch: 49
cache: cache/cannabis-193.pdf
txt: txt/cannabis-193.txt
summary:
  It is crucial to consider the intricate interplay between blackout, cannabis use, and negative cannabis use consequences. x-axis=cannabis consumption, and y-axis=cannabis use consequences; BlackoutLow= simple slope of cannabis consumption when blackout episodes was 1 SD bellow the mean; BlackoutMean= simple slope of cannabis consumption when blackout episodes was at the mean; BlackoutHigh= simple slope of cannabis consumption when blackout episodes was 1 SD above the mean.


id: cannabis-248
title: cannabis-248
pages: 16
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 9025
sentence: 385
flesch: 47
cache: cache/cannabis-248.pdf
txt: txt/cannabis-248.txt
summary:
  Therefore, although no correlation was observed between dried cannabis use frequency and COVID-19 infection, we found that endorsing dried cannabis use is associated with increased reporting of COVID-19 infections. We investigated the association between combustible tobacco use and dried cannabis use with COVID-19 infection in a longitudinal cohort of community adults.


id: cannabis-122
date: 2022
pages: 13
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 7826
sentence: 379
flesch: 55
cache: cache/cannabis-122.pdf
txt: txt/cannabis-122.txt
author:
  Mader, Joel; Smith, Jacqueline ; Smith, Jennifer; Afzal, Arfan; Arria, Amelia ; Bugbee, Brittany; Winters, Ken

title:
  Correlates of Perceived Harmfulness of Regular Cannabis Use among Canadian University Students Before and After Legalization 

summary:
  Third, descriptive statistics were used to understand changes in cannabis use and perceived harmfulness of regular cannabis use. Finally, we developed a random effects (RE) model (Laird & Ware, 1982) to evaluate the association between student status, age, gender, race/ethnicity, frequency of cannabis use, time (pre- versus post-legalization), and perceived harmfulness of regular cannabis use.


id: cannabis-115
date: 2022
pages: 15
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 8396
sentence: 407
flesch: 49
cache: cache/cannabis-115.pdf
txt: txt/cannabis-115.txt
author:
  Micalizzi, Lauren; Suazo, Nazaret; Paszek, Claudia; Hernandez, Lynn; Kemp, Kathleen; Jackson, Kristina; Spirito, Anthony

title:
  Discrepant Parent-Adolescent Reports of Parental Monitoring And Their Relations to Cannabis Use Among Justice-Involved Youth

summary:
  Key words: = cannabis use; juvenile justice; youth; parental monitoring; sources of parental knowledge The prevalence of past-year cannabis use (CU) increased among justice-involved youth (JIY) in recent years (Vaughn et al., 2020) and this trend is expected to continue as the cannabis legalization landscape evolves; as states continue to legalize adult CU, studies show corresponding increases in use among youth who had previous contact with the justice system (Kan et al., 2020). Parental monitoring and knowledge are two of the most frequently evidenced protective familial management strategies for youth substance use (Crouter & Head, 2002).


id: cannabis-206
title: cannabis-206
pages: 12
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 6863
sentence: 308
flesch: 54
cache: cache/cannabis-206.pdf
txt: txt/cannabis-206.txt
summary:
  This is in contrast with prior studies that have suggested a modest effect of THCV on decreasing blood sugar and A1c, as well as prior unpublished studies utilizing high-CBD, THCV, and CBDV Hempson Oil®. Over a 30-day period, this equates to an average weight loss of 0.86 kg for Group A and 1.36 kg for Group B, consistent with prior unpublished studies using 50 mg of Hempson Oil® gel caps daily.


id: cannabis-255
title: cannabis-255
pages: 11
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 4676
sentence: 244
flesch: 45
cache: cache/cannabis-255.pdf
txt: txt/cannabis-255.txt
summary:
  Recent reports did not identify an effective anti-emetic for cannabis hyperemesis syndrome, and diagnosis of pediatric cannabis hyperemesis is not well characterized, highlighting an urgent need for pragmatic treatment solutions (Lonsdale et al., 2021). In this descriptive study, our objectives were to (1) understand Canadian pediatric emergency medicine (PEM) providers’ training and knowledge of clinical presentations associated with cannabis exposure in children and (2) describe pediatric ED presentations related to cannabis exposure across Canada following legalization in 2018.


id: cannabis-46
author: Salazar, Claudia A.; Tomko, Rachel L.; Akbar, Saima A.; Squeglia, Lindsay M.; McClure, Erin A.
title: Medical Cannabis Use among Adults in the Southeastern United States
date: 2019
pages: 13
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 6383
sentence: 305
flesch: 52
cache: cache/cannabis-46.pdf
txt: txt/cannabis-46.txt
summary:
  Research Article 53 ABSTRACT To assess the self-reported reasons for medical cannabis use within the southeastern United States and compare recreational and medical cannabis users. The most commonly cited reasons for medical cannabis use were psychiatric and 60 unique medical conditions were listed.


id: cannabis-211
title: cannabis-211
pages: 16
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 7928
sentence: 404
flesch: 45
cache: cache/cannabis-211.pdf
txt: txt/cannabis-211.txt
summary:
  * = significant indirect effect but caution should be taken given non-significant a (i.e., self-control variable à alcohol use motive) and/or b (i.e., alcohol use motive à negative consequences) path (see Figure 1). Research Article 77 Ved ABSTRACT The present study sought to examine three distinct research questions: a) are self-control constructs (i.e., negative/positive urgency, self-regulation, and emotion-regulation) indirectly related to negative alcohol/marijuana consequences via substance use motives, b) to what extent are these indirect effects consistent across differing drugs (i.e., alcohol and marijuana), and c) are these models invariant across gender and countries.


id: cannabis-179
title: cannabis-179
pages: 15
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 8491
sentence: 414
flesch: 49
cache: cache/cannabis-179.pdf
txt: txt/cannabis-179.txt
summary:
  Interactions demonstrated that the effect of daily alcohol use on sleep duration changed as a function of an individual’s mean alcohol consumption (Figure 3). Main effects of single-day and typical cannabis quantity on sleep duration were observed when all cannabis-use days were modeled.


id: cannabis-247
title: cannabis-247
pages: 16
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 8032
sentence: 338
flesch: 55
cache: cache/cannabis-247.pdf
txt: txt/cannabis-247.txt
summary:
  Similarly, the apparent decrease in cannabis prevalence in the CCS 2021 may simply be a function of this year having the highest response rate (21.1%) resulting in a more representative (less cannabis-focused) sample Cannabis Legalization 16 demographic profile of cannabis users and cannabis non-users; (2) describe perceptions of how legalization would influence cannabis use; (3) identify demographic, substance use and behavioral addiction, and mental health predictors of change in cannabis use status after legalization; and (4) identify the change in the prevalence of past-year cannabis use within the cohort from prior to legalization to one-year post- legalization. The effects of legalization on cannabis use have been primarily assessed through cross-sectional surveys.


id: cannabis-203
title: cannabis-203
pages: 12
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 5989
sentence: 319
flesch: 54
cache: cache/cannabis-203.pdf
txt: txt/cannabis-203.txt
summary:
  Cannabis Use Pre- and Post-Legalization 67 Measures Attitudes toward cannabis legalization. Additionally, Cohn and colleagues (2016) found that young adults in the U.S. who were current cannabis users were more likely to support cannabis legalization compared to non- users.


id: cannabis-172
title: cannabis-172
pages: 17
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 8052
sentence: 430
flesch: 46
cache: cache/cannabis-172.pdf
txt: txt/cannabis-172.txt
summary:
  Conclusions The rise in cannabis use and use-related problems are positively correlated, with the differentiated pathways between use motive variables and negative use consequences impacted by antecedent personality traits and temperament factors. Further research examining facets of rumination as mediators of associations between cannabis use motives and negative use consequences may further refine data informing the design of interventions aimed to reduce negative cannabis use consequences.


id: cannabis-113
author: Kim, Yoonsang; Vera, Lisa; Huang, Jidong ; Emery, Sherry
title: Marijuana Content on Digital Media and Marijuana Use among Young People in the United States
date: 2022
pages: 11
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 5598
sentence: 302
flesch: 59
cache: cache/cannabis-113.pdf
txt: txt/cannabis-113.txt
summary:
  The marijuana-related digital media environment may reflect and/or influence youth and young adult marijuana use. One study found young adult marijuana use to be associated with active and passive exposure to marijuana- related tweets (Cabrera-Nguyen et al., 2016).


id: cannabis-217
title: cannabis-217
pages: 13
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 6673
sentence: 310
flesch: 44
cache: cache/cannabis-217.pdf
txt: txt/cannabis-217.txt
summary:
  However, current cannabis use was not associated with discrimination, which might suggest other reasons for cannabis use, such as to think creatively, fit in socially, and enhance experiences (Simons et al., 1998). Among those reporting current cannabis use, 49.4% and 47.7% reported hazardous cannabis use and cannabis-tobacco dual use, respectively.


id: cannabis-235
title: cannabis-235
pages: 15
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 8154
sentence: 397
flesch: 51
cache: cache/cannabis-235.pdf
txt: txt/cannabis-235.txt
summary:
  An emerging literature applies availability theory to cannabis (Ambrose et al., 2021; Mair et al., 2015), finding cannabis dispensary density is associated with cannabis use patterns in the United States (US) (Manthey et al., 2023) and abroad (Palali & Pamela J. Trangenstein1, Thomas K. Greenfield1, Deidre M. Patterson1, & William C. Kerr1 1Alcohol Research Group, Public Health Institute Cannabis 2025 © Author(s) 2025 researchmj.org 10.26828/cannabis/2025/000235 Volume 8, Issue 2 Measuring the Association Between Cannabis Dispensary Density and Adult Consumption in a Statewide Setting: Does Urbanicity Matter? Next, logistic regressions tested whether cannabis dispensary density was associated with adult cannabis use patterns.


id: cannabis-130
author: Ladd, Special Section Editor: Benjamin O.
date: 2022
pages: 38
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 25075
sentence: 1009
flesch: 41
cache: cache/cannabis-130.pdf
txt: txt/cannabis-130.txt
title:
  Abstracts from the 2021 Virtual Scientific Meeting of the Research Society on Marijuana July 23, 2021

summary:
  Background: The motives for cannabis affect on cannabis use and cannabis use consequences. First, independent-samples t-tests and zero-inflated negative binomial regression were used to explore associations of at-least monthly solitary (vs. exclusively or majority social use) cannabis use with proposed correlates and cannabis use consequences, respectively.


id: cannabis-189
title: cannabis-189
pages: 15
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 8234
sentence: 385
flesch: 42
cache: cache/cannabis-189.pdf
txt: txt/cannabis-189.txt
summary:
  We further hypothesized that social anxiety would indirectly positively relate to cannabis problems via relaxation and tension reduction expectancies, social anxiety motives, and increased cannabis use. Social anxiety also indirectly positively related to cannabis problems via social and sexual facilitation expectancies, social anxiety coping motives, and cannabis use.


id: cannabis-261
title: cannabis-261
pages: 14
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 6697
sentence: 326
flesch: 53
cache: cache/cannabis-261.pdf
txt: txt/cannabis-261.txt
summary:
  First difference 0.102 (c) -4.264 (n) *** ON opioid mortality rate Level 0.197 (t) Two separate VAR models were fit: one for the relation between first-differenced cannabis sales and opioid mortality rate per million in BC, and the other for the relation between first-differenced cannabis sales and the opioid mortality rate per million in ON.


id: cannabis-173
title: cannabis-173
pages: 12
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 6758
sentence: 339
flesch: 50
cache: cache/cannabis-173.pdf
txt: txt/cannabis-173.txt
summary:
  The finding that motivation to change did not statistically significantly increase may be the result of the effect of use reduction: the reduction caused cannabis use or alcohol use to become less important over time because other factors became more important. We carefully conclude from the study’s results that perceived risk of cannabis use and confidence and readiness to change cannabis and alcohol use increased during a brief Guided Self- Change intervention.


id: cannabis-183
title: cannabis-183
pages: 19
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 9658
sentence: 538
flesch: 51
cache: cache/cannabis-183.pdf
txt: txt/cannabis-183.txt
summary:
  Consistent with the self-medication hypothesis, experiencing depressive symptoms and having a chronic medical condition (CMC) are associated with cannabis use among young adults. Other research suggests that cannabis use has increased during the COVID-19 pandemic (Bartel et al., 2020; Sznitman et al., 2021).


id: cannabis-241
title: cannabis-241
pages: 10
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 5387
sentence: 274
flesch: 51
cache: cache/cannabis-241.pdf
txt: txt/cannabis-241.txt
summary:
  The role of posttraumatic stress symptoms on chronic pain outcomes in chronic pain patients referred to rehabilitation. We examined the main and interactive effects of PTSS and chronic pain interference on adverse cannabis outcomes (a composite of cannabis use levels and cannabis use disorder, CUD, symptoms).


id: cannabis-216
title: cannabis-216
pages: 14
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 7702
sentence: 307
flesch: 54
cache: cache/cannabis-216.pdf
txt: txt/cannabis-216.txt
summary:
  Assessing the public health impacts of legalizing recreational cannabis use: the US experience. Key words: = cannabis use; medical and recreational cannabis; cannabis use characteristics; risk factors; young adults Cannabis is the most commonly used federally illicit drug in the US.


id: cannabis-262
title: cannabis-262
pages: 13
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 7549
sentence: 357
flesch: 48
cache: cache/cannabis-262.pdf
txt: txt/cannabis-262.txt
summary:
  Automatic memory associations between trauma reminders and cannabis use have been suggested as contributing mechanisms. One risk factor for cannabis use is having experienced a traumatic event, defined in the DSM-5-TR (APA, 2022) as Sarah DeGrace1, Philip G. Tibbo1, Maya A. Pilin2, Marvin D. Krank2, Roisin M. O’Connor3, Jeffrey Wardell4, Matthew T. Keough4, Thomas Snooks1, Sarah-Jeanne Trottier1, Sherry H. Stewart1, 5 1Department of Psychiatry, Dalhousie University 2Psychology Department, University of British Columbia 3Department of Psychology, Concordia University 4Department of Psychology, York University 5Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Dalhousie University Cannabis 2024 © Author(s) 2024 researchmj.org 10.26828/cannabis/2024/000262 Volume 7, Special Issue 3 Expressive Writing About One's Trauma Increases Accessibility of Cannabis Information in Memory Among Trauma-Exposed Individuals Who Use Cannabis Corresponding Author: Sarah DeGrace, Ph.D., Dalhousie University Department of Psychology and Neuroscience Dalhousie University 6287 Alumni Crescent, Rm 3263 3rd Floor Life Sciences Centre (Psychology Wing) P.O. Box 15000 Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada B3H 4R2.


id: cannabis-225
title: cannabis-225
pages: 16
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 8347
sentence: 410
flesch: 56
cache: cache/cannabis-225.pdf
txt: txt/cannabis-225.txt
summary:
  Social contexts of use, or the temporal, motivational, and situational factors surrounding use, are additional characteristics of cannabis use that predict cannabis use outcomes (Beck et al., 2009). However, grouping contextual factors together through variable or person-centered approaches limits the ability to identify specific contexts that may be of importance to predicting cannabis use outcomes.


id: cannabis-208
title: cannabis-208
pages: 15
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 8514
sentence: 351
flesch: 52
cache: cache/cannabis-208.pdf
txt: txt/cannabis-208.txt
summary:
  Older patients comprise a growing subset of this population; however, relatively little information exists around age-related patterns of medical cannabis use. Cannabis, A Publication of the Research Society on Marijuana 136 of the prevalence of medical cannabis use in Canada.


id: cannabis-180
title: cannabis-180
pages: 22
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 11884
sentence: 559
flesch: 55
cache: cache/cannabis-180.pdf
txt: txt/cannabis-180.txt
summary:
  Aim 3: Passion, coping motives, and CRSEQ associations with cannabis outcomes After controlling for biological sex, race/ethnicity, site, past month cannabis use, CUD symptoms at baseline, and socioeconomic status, after including coping motives, HP was not associated with cannabis use overall (β = 1.72, SE = 0.90, p = .055) or related consequences overall (β = .001, SE = 0.23, p = .997; see Table 4); however, coping motives were associated with more cannabis-related problems overall (β = 1.10, SE = 0.24, p < .001). Although cannabis use has benefits for several health conditions (e.g., chronic pain, multiple sclerosis; National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine, 2017), frequent use is also associated with consequences (Volkow et al., 2016) including increased risk the development of cannabis use disorder (CUD; American Psychiatric Association, 2013; Connor et al., 2021).


id: cannabis-238
title: cannabis-238
pages: 13
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 7418
sentence: 376
flesch: 51
cache: cache/cannabis-238.pdf
txt: txt/cannabis-238.txt
summary:
  Research Article 1 Ved ABSTRACT Objective: Since the federal Canadian government legalized cannabis in 2018, cannabis use in the general population has slightly increased. However, little is known about the impact of cannabis legalization on pattens of cannabis use in psychiatric populations.


id: cannabis-186
title: cannabis-186
pages: 9
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 4618
sentence: 254
flesch: 54
cache: cache/cannabis-186.pdf
txt: txt/cannabis-186.txt
summary:
  The associations between cannabis use and self- perceived mental wellbeing are relevant to science and should remain at the forefront of ongoing research to better understand these correlations. Conclusions: It cannot be concluded that mental wellbeing was lower due to cannabis use.


id: cannabis-243
title: cannabis-243
pages: 11
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 5728
sentence: 274
flesch: 59
cache: cache/cannabis-243.pdf
txt: txt/cannabis-243.txt
summary:
  Patterns of medical cannabis use among cancer patients from a medical cannabis dispensary in New York state. Association of financial wellness with patterns of medical cannabis use and patient-reported outcomes in adults with cancer.


id: cannabis-215
title: cannabis-215
pages: 15
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 8030
sentence: 361
flesch: 43
cache: cache/cannabis-215.pdf
txt: txt/cannabis-215.txt
summary:
  Accordingly, this study was designed to address whether procrastination moderates the association between cannabis use and academic performance, and whether there are unique effects of lifetime cannabis use relative to more recent cannabis use on cumulative vs. term GPA, respectively. A follow- up question was used to verify participants’ responses, and obtain a continuous estimation of cannabis use (Within the range you indicated in the previous question, please estimate the exact number of lifetime cannabis uses).


id: cannabis-223
title: cannabis-223
pages: 12
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 7077
sentence: 350
flesch: 49
cache: cache/cannabis-223.pdf
txt: txt/cannabis-223.txt
summary:
  Surveys of medical cannabis users across the country have shown that relief from symptoms of anxiety and depression are among the most commonly cited reasons for using medical cannabis (Rosenthal & Pipitone, 2021; Reinarman et al., 2011). A cross-sectional survey of medical cannabis users: Patterns of use and Cannabis, A Publication of the Research Society on Marijuana 134 perceived efficacy.


id: cannabis-200
title: cannabis-200
pages: 13
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 7682
sentence: 434
flesch: 50
cache: cache/cannabis-200.pdf
txt: txt/cannabis-200.txt
summary:
  Research Article 38 Ved ABSTRACT Objective: Alcohol is the most frequently depicted substance in the media, and adolescent exposure to alcohol in the media predicts alcohol use. Of the 50 most popular movies on Netflix in 2020, 76% included alcohol use by secondary characters and 66% by primary characters (Giannakodimos et al., 2022).


id: cannabis-319
title: cannabis-319
pages: 13
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 7660
sentence: 347
flesch: 49
cache: cache/cannabis-319.pdf
txt: txt/cannabis-319.txt
summary:
  In light of a fractured information ecosystem and in order to inform the evolution of valuable and credible cannabis information in social exchange relationships that occur outside medical settings, the goal of the present study was to examine how budtenders in the San Francisco Bay Area in California use and evaluate the trustworthiness of online cannabis information, especially social media content, as part of their social interactions with cannabis consumers. Efforts to improve digital health literacy (Fitzpatrick, 2023) and social media self-efficacy (Hocevar et al., 2014) are other means by which cannabis consumers and dispensary staff may be better able to evaluate the trustworthiness of online cannabis information.


id: cannabis-227
title: cannabis-227
pages: 14
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 9095
sentence: 456
flesch: 52
cache: cache/cannabis-227.pdf
txt: txt/cannabis-227.txt
summary:
  While these interpretations are conjectural, they underscore the need for future research to confirm the nuanced impacts of different forms of parent-child communication on college student cannabis use. A brief, web-based personalized feedback selective intervention for college student marijuana use: A https://doi.org/10.1016/j.addbeh.2022.107466 https://doi.org/10.15288/jsad.2012.73.976 https://doi.org/10.1037/a0034995 https://doi.org/10.1037/a0012614 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amepre.2024.01.012 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsat.2010.07.001 https://doi.org/10.1080/00952990.2019.1569668 https://doi.org/10.1080/00952990.2019.1569668 https://doi.org/10.1037/adb0000545 https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-7138-7 https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-7138-7 https://doi.org/10.3390/socsci10120482 https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19138080 https://doi.org/10.1353/csd.2011.0059 https://doi.org/10.1080/07448481.2023.2299418 https://doi.org/10.1080/07448481.2023.2299418 https://doi.org/10.1037/a0033285 Changes in Text and Call Communication 36 randomized clinical trial.


id: cannabis-275
title: cannabis-275
pages: 19
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 10433
sentence: 559
flesch: 55
cache: cache/cannabis-275.pdf
txt: txt/cannabis-275.txt
summary:
  Key words: = acute stress; delay discounting; cannabis demand; cannabis use; marijuana use Cannabis is the most widely used federally illegal substance in the United States, with approximately 52.5 million people using cannabis and 16.3 million people meeting cannabis use disorder (CUD) criteria in the past year. Method: Participants were two groups (n = 39 endorsing high-frequency cannabis use and n = 48 not endorsing cannabis use) of young adults (75.86% female, 67.82% White, Mage = 21.64 years).


id: cannabis-177
title: cannabis-177
pages: 16
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 8821
sentence: 507
flesch: 51
cache: cache/cannabis-177.pdf
txt: txt/cannabis-177.txt
summary:
  Key words: = trait boredom; boredom proneness; boredom susceptibility; college students; substance use; prevention science Boredom is characterized by feelings of dissatisfaction, restlessness, and weariness (Elpidorou, 2014), and conceptualized as an unpleasant emotional state of “wanting, but being unable, to engage in satisfying activity” (Eastwood et al., 2012, p. 482). The scatter plots were examined for boredom susceptibility and boredom proneness.


id: cannabis-289
title: cannabis-289
pages: 15
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 9803
sentence: 449
flesch: 56
cache: cache/cannabis-289.pdf
txt: txt/cannabis-289.txt
summary:
  Furthermore, although “tolerance breaks” may occur without a desire to reduce tolerance as demonstrated in Study 2, this seems to be a commonly accepted term to capture different types of use breaks for YAs who use cannabis. Research Article 150 INTERNAL Ved ABSTRACT Objective: This study investigated young adults’ (YAs) experiences with tolerance breaks (temporary abstinence from cannabis; T-breaks).


id: cannabis-194
title: cannabis-194
pages: 18
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 9647
sentence: 433
flesch: 53
cache: cache/cannabis-194.pdf
txt: txt/cannabis-194.txt
summary:
  Second, we tested whether seven domains of perceived risk (i.e., productivity, Perceived Risk, Cannabis Use, and Outcomes 51 lower energy, memory loss or cognitive impairment, problems at school/work, physical health problems, legal problems, dependence/withdrawal) to others and self were cross-sectionally associated with general perceived risk and outcomes. Although frequent heavy cannabis use is related to cannabis problems, perceived risk of cannabis use is rapidly decreasing.


id: cannabis-260
title: cannabis-260
pages: 16
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 7271
sentence: 367
flesch: 52
cache: cache/cannabis-260.pdf
txt: txt/cannabis-260.txt
summary:
  Design and Data Analysis We used an ITS design to examine whether recreational cannabis legalization was associated with changes in the frequency of cannabis use among the full sample, as well as changes in severity of cannabis use, proportion who screened positive for CUD and readiness to quit among the subsample of patients who had used cannabis. Results: We found no significant changes in the frequency of cannabis use using either of the interruption time points.


id: cannabis-309
title: cannabis-309
pages: 18
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 10737
sentence: 444
flesch: 53
cache: cache/cannabis-309.pdf
txt: txt/cannabis-309.txt
summary:
  Similarly, in the Canadian province of Ontario, exclusive use of ingestion- based methods of cannabis use increased among adults aged 18 years or older between 2017 and 2022, while exclusive use of inhalation-based methods decreased (Nigatu et al., 2024). These trends are concerning, as prior research characterizing the health effects of cannabis use has largely focused on smoking dried flower as the primary mode of cannabis use, while growing evidence suggests that cannabis-attributable harms vary by mode of use (Gunn et al., 2020; Russell et al., 2018; Steeger et al., 2021).


id: cannabis-299
title: cannabis-299
pages: 17
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 7967
sentence: 461
flesch: 54
cache: cache/cannabis-299.pdf
txt: txt/cannabis-299.txt
summary:
  The goal of the campaign is to advance Parabola Center’s mission by providing everyone with the education, access, and expertise to support cannabis legalization policies that put people and small businesses first. Large corporations with histories of exploitation are steering cannabis policy to maximize profits.


id: cannabis-236
title: cannabis-236
pages: 14
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 7806
sentence: 397
flesch: 46
cache: cache/cannabis-236.pdf
txt: txt/cannabis-236.txt
summary:
  Multivariable logistic and multivariable zero-inflated poisson regression examined associations among sexual identity and parenting behaviors with odds of current cannabis use and frequency of cannabis use, respectively, controlling for participant age, racial/ethnic minority status, and legalized recreational cannabis context. Among those who reported current cannabis use, bisexual YAs reported more days of cannabis use (M=14.40 [SD=11.79]) relative to heterosexual YAs (M=11.08 [SD=11.35]).


id: cannabis-287
title: cannabis-287
pages: 12
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 6574
sentence: 305
flesch: 43
cache: cache/cannabis-287.pdf
txt: txt/cannabis-287.txt
summary:
  Identifying mechanisms underlying effects found in brief cannabis intervention studies represents a major gap in the literature. Complexity matters—why we need to move beyond ‘what works’ when evaluating substance use interventions.


id: cannabis-328
author: Hoang, Christine; Holmes, Louisa M.; Ling, Pamela M.
date: 2025
pages: 8
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 4225
sentence: 197
flesch: 53
cache: cache/cannabis-328.pdf
txt: txt/cannabis-328.txt
title:
  Dispensing Medical Advice: San Francisco Bay Area Budtender Recommendations for Pain and Sleep Relief

summary:
  Medical decision-making processes and online behaviors among cannabis dispensary staff. Finally, our data are limited to interpersonal communications taking place within cannabis dispensaries, and we did not formally include other sources of marketing messages or health claims, such as on cannabis dispensary websites, which have been analyzed separately (Hoeper et al., 2022).


id: cannabis-190
title: cannabis-190
pages: 16
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 8612
sentence: 450
flesch: 43
cache: cache/cannabis-190.pdf
txt: txt/cannabis-190.txt
summary:
  Many postsecondary students fall within the age range wherein elevated rates of cannabis use have been identified and may comprise a key at-risk group for problematic cannabis use, as indicated by Jenna L. Vieira1, Lindsey A. Snaychuk1, Jana Milicevic1, David C. Hodgins2, N. Will Shead3, Matthew T. Keough4, Hyoun S. Kim1,5 1Department of Psychology, Toronto Metropolitan University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada 2Department of Psychology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada 3Department of Psychology, Mount Saint Vincent University, Halifax, NS, Canada 4Department of Psychology, York University, Toronto, ON, Canada 5University of Ottawa Institute of Mental Health Research at the Royal, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada Cannabis 2024, Volume 7 (1) © Author(s) 2024 researchmj.org 10.26828/cannabis/2023/000190 Adverse Childhood Experiences and Problematic Cannabis Use: The Role of Emotion Dysregulation and Affective Impulsivity Corresponding Author: Hyoun Kim, Ph.D., Department of Psychology, Toronto Metropolitan University 350 Victoria Street, Toronto, ON, M5B 2k3. Consequently, there is a need to examine risk factors associated with problematic cannabis use in this population.


id: cannabis-242
title: cannabis-242
pages: 52
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 32997
sentence: 1290
flesch: 42
cache: cache/cannabis-242.pdf
txt: txt/cannabis-242.txt
summary:
  Research regarding cannabis use and cannabis contaminants, particularly metals, should be conducted to address public health concerns related to the growing number of cannabis users. Aims: To analyze the relationship between changes in BP/HR (pre- to post- cannabis use), subjective intoxication, THC concentration, and explore by frequency of cannabis use.


id: cannabis-277
title: cannabis-277
pages: 13
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 6985
sentence: 375
flesch: 60
cache: cache/cannabis-277.pdf
txt: txt/cannabis-277.txt
summary:
  Intrapersonal factors beyond cannabis use, like mental health, likely have a proximal impact on cannabis use expectancies, particularly positive outcome expectancies (King et al., 2020). Co-users may have strong positive cannabis use expectancies, such as enhanced high or euphoria (Kong et al., 2018; Reboussin et al., 2021; Schauer et al., 2017), increased positive mood and alertness due to the stimulating effects of tobacco on cannabis use (Berg et al., 2018; Harrell et al., 2022), and facilitation of social interactions (D’Amico et al., 2020).


id: cannabis-268
title: cannabis-268
pages: 18
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 7777
sentence: 375
flesch: 48
cache: cache/cannabis-268.pdf
txt: txt/cannabis-268.txt
summary:
  The decrease in opioids and marginal increase in non-opioid pain medication may reflect patients substituting opioids with cannabis and non-opioid pain medications, either separately or concomitantly. We are interested in analyzing the effect of state recreational cannabis policies (RCL Legal or RCL Dispensary) in treated states, on three measures of pain prescription fills (one extensive, two intensive) of three classes of pain medications (opioids, NSAIDS, and other pain medications).


id: cannabis-271
title: cannabis-271
pages: 33
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 13981
sentence: 616
flesch: 49
cache: cache/cannabis-271.pdf
txt: txt/cannabis-271.txt
summary:
  Acute Effects in Human Models Studies exploring cannabis beverage effects in human participants are summarized in Table 4. Although Canada legalized cannabis beverages in 2019, most available research on acute cannabis intoxication derives from dried flower and edible products.


id: cannabis-324
title: Current and Projected Cannabis Demand Predict Future Consumption in Young Adults Who Use Cannabis
date: 2025
pages: 16
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 8622
sentence: 469
flesch: 52
cache: cache/cannabis-324.pdf
txt: txt/cannabis-324.txt
author:
  Kurnellas, Rebecca; Sutton, Cassandra A.; Jun, Daiil; Taylor, Hailey; Smith, Aaron P.; Foxx, Ricarda; Yurasek, Ali M.; Yi, Richard

summary:
  The present study is the first to examine the predictive utility of cannabis demand in young adults, as well as introduce the novel construct of projected future cannabis demand. In addition, the present study explored the novel construct of projected future cannabis demand and its associations with future cannabis use.


id: cannabis-303
title: cannabis-303
pages: 17
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 9411
sentence: 484
flesch: 58
cache: cache/cannabis-303.pdf
txt: txt/cannabis-303.txt
summary:
  Medical cannabis use and its impact on health among older adults: Recent research findings and future directions. Cannabis use patterns and co-use of alcohol and nicotine in adults over 50 by demographic factors and medical cannabis use.


id: cannabis-327
author: Parnes, Jamie E.
date: 2025
pages: 12
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 5064
sentence: 220
flesch: 54
cache: cache/cannabis-327.pdf
txt: txt/cannabis-327.txt
title:
  Abstracts from the 2025 Research Society on Marijuana and Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco Post- Conference Workshop March 15, 2025

summary:
  At week 16, half of those who were abstinent reported cannabis use at baseline, with three out of four individuals experiencing some form of reduced cannabis use throughout the trial. We determined the prevalence of tobacco (cigarettes, cigars, or smokeless tobacco) and cannabis use and co-use in the past 30 days and compared single product use and co-use between AYAs with and without cancer using second-order Rao-Scott chi- square tests and weighted multivariable logistic regression.


id: cannabis-233
title: cannabis-233
pages: 13
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 7404
sentence: 336
flesch: 54
cache: cache/cannabis-233.pdf
txt: txt/cannabis-233.txt
summary:
  Conclusions: In Oklahoma, adults in rural areas with unmet treatment need and chronic pain may benefit from increasing access to chronic pain treatment, as well as education on cannabis use and harm reduction strategies to inform healthcare decision-making. Key words: = chronic pain; cannabis; rurality; treatment need Chronic pain is one of the leading causes of disability and primary care visits among U.S. adults (Van Oostrom et al., 2014).


id: cannabis-305
title: cannabis-305
pages: 13
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 6940
sentence: 364
flesch: 48
cache: cache/cannabis-305.pdf
txt: txt/cannabis-305.txt
summary:
  Therefore, it is important to measure medical cannabis use and recreational cannabis use separately. A significant (p = .045) disability X social support interaction indicated that social support was associated with lower odds of medical cannabis use among those without (p = .038), but not with (p = .525), disability.


id: cannabis-332
author: Clement, Alex; Corcoran, Erin; Jackson, Kristina M.; Gabrielli, Joy
date: 2025
pages: 19
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 11875
sentence: 607
flesch: 51
cache: cache/cannabis-332.pdf
txt: txt/cannabis-332.txt
title:
  “If You Need to Light Up … You Gotta Do What You Gotta Do”: A Qualitative Study of Adolescent Attitudes Towards Cannabis Use and Comparison with Alcohol Attitudes

summary:
  Adolescents also frequently co-use these substances, with use of alcohol predicting subsequent initiation of cannabis use, and vice-versa. Minimal research has explored adolescents’ attitudes towards cannabis use qualitatively, and how these attitudes may directly/indirectly relate to attitudes towards alcohol use and vice versa.


id: cannabis-291
title: cannabis-291
pages: 17
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 9375
sentence: 537
flesch: 47
cache: cache/cannabis-291.pdf
txt: txt/cannabis-291.txt
summary:
  This is due to a shift in societal perception and acceptance of cannabis use, as well as the emerging medicinal benefits of FDA-approved cannabinoid medications such as Dronabinol, Nabilone, and Epidiolex (Gali et al., 2021; McGinty et al., 2017; Lutge et al., 2013; Smith et al., 2015; Kafil et al., 2018; Mücke et al., 2018; National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health, 2019). Using the Social-Ecological Model (SEM), a systems-level approach that is helpful to understand interactions at several levels, at the individual level, experts are concerned with decreased perception of harm of cannabis use, increased cannabis use, risk of co-use of other substances, psychosis, dependence/cannabis use disorder, worsened rates of cyclic vomiting syndrome, and anxiety (Borodovsky et al., 2016; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2022; Hall & Lynskey, 2020;).


id: cannabis-312
title: cannabis-312
pages: 17
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 9050
sentence: 434
flesch: 46
cache: cache/cannabis-312.pdf
txt: txt/cannabis-312.txt
summary:
  Given these mixed findings, more research in the young adult population is needed to explore the unique relationships between IN and HI ADHD symptoms and cannabis use consequences. In terms of direct paths, IN ADHD symptoms were directly associated with greater endorsement of cannabis use consequences in three out of eight domains: self-care, academic and occupational consequences, and blackout use (95% CIs did not contain zero; see Table S3).


id: cannabis-321
date: 2025
pages: 12
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 7300
sentence: 321
flesch: 57
cache: cache/cannabis-321.pdf
txt: txt/cannabis-321.txt
author:
  McCready, Darcey M.; Schubel, Laura C.; Arem, Hannah; LoParco, Cassidy R.; Howlader, Afrah ; Shajan, Sheena; Bhanot, Palash ; Berg, Carla

title:
  Cannabis Use for Medical or Non-Medical Purposes in a Sample of Young Adult Cancer Survivors in the United States

summary:
  Thus, to adjust for potential confounding variables, we conservatively chose to include the following variables: 1) age, to address potential cohort effects; 2) sex assigned at birth, given the well-documented differences in prevalence among males and females (SAMHSA, 2024); 3) cancer stage, due to different treatment experiences based on stage; 4) whether chemotherapy was used in treatment, as chemotherapy-related symptoms (e.g., nausea) are common and frequently cited reasons for medical cannabis use (Abrams, 2022); and 5) time since treatment completion, to account for potentially greater intensity of physical symptoms or emotional distress related to time since completion (Berkman et al., 2023; Wong et al., 2017). Medical cannabis use in young adults with cancer: A self-reported survey study.


id: cannabis-224
title: cannabis-224
pages: 15
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 8369
sentence: 397
flesch: 53
cache: cache/cannabis-224.pdf
txt: txt/cannabis-224.txt
summary:
  Time trends in US cannabis use and cannabis use disorders overall and by sociodemographic subgroups: A narrative review and new findings. While policy alternatives, such as legalizing comprehensive access to medical cannabis or legalizing recreational use without legal sales, can impact cannabis use through these channels, characteristics of commercial markets may amplify these effects.


id: cannabis-285
title: cannabis-285
pages: 11
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 5728
sentence: 315
flesch: 62
cache: cache/cannabis-285.pdf
txt: txt/cannabis-285.txt
summary:
  Results: For flower, median GPHR increased with hit size (small: 0.042, medium: 0.062, large: 0.093). While both individual approaches addressed the variability in hit size, both also required individuals to think about their consumption in number of grams, which can be potentially challenging, given that many cannabis consumers struggle to accurately estimate small quantities of cannabis in grams (Prince et al., 2018).


id: cannabis-297
title: cannabis-297
pages: 16
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 8868
sentence: 408
flesch: 51
cache: cache/cannabis-297.pdf
txt: txt/cannabis-297.txt
summary:
  Research is needed to learn more about consumer purchasing behaviors, including the impact of product marketing both inside and outside of retail spaces, and studies are needed to explore how both consumers and retail staff interpret the health benefits and potential risks associated with cannabis products within these environments. Most brick-and-mortar retailers offer a wide variety of cannabis products, including flower (e.g., packaged flower, prerolled joints), concentrates, vape cartridges, extracts, edibles (e.g., gummies and beverages), and topicals (e.g., lotions and balms).


id: cannabis-306
title: cannabis-306
pages: 17
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 7461
sentence: 300
flesch: 52
cache: cache/cannabis-306.pdf
txt: txt/cannabis-306.txt
summary:
  The greatest concerns regarding cannabis use were effects on cognition/mental health (40.8%), physical health (19.1%), and available product information (18.0%). In Canada, where cannabis use was legalized in 2018, the rate of new cannabis use is increasing fastest amongst older adults, Jennifer Bolt1,2, Jacob Movold3, Melanie Fenton4, Megan Behm3,4, Jill Williamson4, Jennifer M. Jakobi3,4,5 1Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of British Columbia 2Department of Pharmacy Services, Interior Health Authority Community Health & Services Centre 3School of Health & Exercise Sciences, University of British Columbia Okanagan 4Aging in Place Research Cluster, University of British Columbia Okanagan 5Institute for Healthy Living and Chronic Disease Prevention, University of British Columbia Okanagan Cannabis 2025 © Author(s) 2025 researchmj.org 10.26828/cannabis/2025/000306 Volume 8, Issue 2 Cannabis Use and Perceptions of Cannabis Safety, Effectiveness, and Stigma amongst older Canadians: A Cross-Sectional Survey Corresponding Author: Jennifer Bolt, BScPharm, PharmD, MHA, Kelowna Community Health & Services Centre, 505 Doyle Ave. Kelowna, British Columbia, Canada, V1Y 6V8.


id: cannabis-335
date: 2025
pages: 18
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 8695
sentence: 377
flesch: 49
cache: cache/cannabis-335.pdf
txt: txt/cannabis-335.txt
author:
  Michael J. Zvolensky; Clausen, Bryce K.; Jones, Ava A.; Castillo-Avilés, Rodrigo; Thai, Jessica M.; Shepherd, Justin M.; Bogiaizian, Lucas; Redmond, Brooke Y.; Garey, Lorra

title:
  Perceived Ethnic Discrimination and Negative Emotional Reactivity to Minority Stress: Association with Cannabis Use Processes Among United States Hispanic/Latinx Adults

summary:
  Results: In adjusted models, for perceived barriers for cannabis reduction and cessation as well as cannabis use problems, both perceived ethnic discrimination and negative emotional reactivity to minority stress were independently associated with higher odds of endorsement. For cannabis use motives, negative emotional reactivity to minority stress was positively associated with enhancement, social, coping, and expansion motives, whereas perceived ethnic discrimination was a contributor to conformity motives; effects ranged from small to medium.


id: cannabis-273
title: cannabis-273
pages: 7
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 4172
sentence: 208
flesch: 52
cache: cache/cannabis-273.pdf
txt: txt/cannabis-273.txt
summary:
  Because findings showed that higher health harm perceptions of use were associated with cannabis use, it may be critical to disseminate information about the health effects of cannabis, particularly for SMW, to reduce frequent cannabis use. Brief Report 1 Ved ABSTRACT Objective: Sexual minority women (SMW) have higher rates of cannabis use compared to heterosexual women, which may be partially attributed to lower harm perceptions.


id: cannabis-316
title: cannabis-316
pages: 12
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 5623
sentence: 331
flesch: 30
cache: cache/cannabis-316.pdf
txt: txt/cannabis-316.txt
summary:
  Research Article 129 Ved ABSTRACT Objective: Medical cannabis has emerged as a promising therapeutic option, but its market acceptance faces significant regulatory, societal, and scientific challenges. Participants stressed the importance of rigorous, disease-specific research to establish medical cannabis’ therapeutic efficacy and build trust with healthcare providers and patients.


id: cannabis-263
title: cannabis-263
pages: 14
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 7375
sentence: 444
flesch: 56
cache: cache/cannabis-263.pdf
txt: txt/cannabis-263.txt
summary:
  Factors associated with higher medical cannabis perceived risk were working in primary care (β = 1.38, p = .0034) or in another care setting (β = 1.21, p = .0368) as compared to a hospital setting. In recent years, qualitative and quantitative studies have focused on clinicians’ perceptions of medical cannabis use for CP including attitudes and beliefs (Abo Ziad et al., 2022; Jacobs et al., 2019; Karanges et al., 2018; Kondrad & Reid, 2013; Narouze et al, 2020; Ng et al., 2021; Schauer et al., 2022; Sharon et al., 2018; Zolotov et al., 2018), knowledge (Abo Ziad et al., 2022; Ebert et al., 2015; Jacobs et al., 2019; Karanges et al., 2018), clinical practices/ experience (Carlini et al., 2017; Ebert et al., 2015; Schauer et al., 2022; Sharon et al., 2018), training needs (Carlini et al., 2017), perceived efficacy for CP management (Cooke et al., 2019), and barriers/facilitators for prescribing cannabis (Hachem et al., 2022; Withanarachchie et al., 2023).


id: cannabis-292
title: cannabis-292
pages: 13
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 6700
sentence: 339
flesch: 49
cache: cache/cannabis-292.pdf
txt: txt/cannabis-292.txt
summary:
  Current research indicates that cannabis use may adversely impact mental health. This preliminary cross-sectional survey assessed Budtender perceptions and knowledge of cannabis use and its implications for mental health.


id: cannabis-231
title: cannabis-231
pages: 13
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 7197
sentence: 421
flesch: 56
cache: cache/cannabis-231.pdf
txt: txt/cannabis-231.txt
summary:
  Negative cannabis expectancies were significantly associated with the severity of cannabis consumption. Key words: = cannabis; cannabis expectancies; acute cannabis use; gambling; problem gambling Emerging research suggests that cannabis is commonly used while gambling (McPhail et al., 2020; McGrath et al., 2023).


id: cannabis-269
title: cannabis-269
pages: 14
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 7193
sentence: 361
flesch: 55
cache: cache/cannabis-269.pdf
txt: txt/cannabis-269.txt
summary:
  Given the increasing use of cannabis (Cash et al., 2020), that HIV is a qualifying condition for medical cannabis use, and the association of cannabis use with both cognitive and physical changes, there is a need to better understand the relationship between cannabis use and bothersome symptoms among PWH. Research Article 177 Ved ABSTRACT Objective: While cannabis use is common among people with HIV (PWH), there have been few studies examining the association of use with health outcomes among PWH.


id: cannabis-256
title: cannabis-256
pages: 20
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 10904
sentence: 444
flesch: 46
cache: cache/cannabis-256.pdf
txt: txt/cannabis-256.txt
summary:
  Although cannabis use and alcohol use are each independently associated with negative consequences (Pearson, 2019; White & Hingson, 2014), these harms are amplified among those who engage in co-use (Yurasek et al., 2017). At the between-person level, individuals who engage in simultaneous use have been found to experience more substance-related harms, including problems in social, occupational, financial, and physical domains relative to those who engage in alcohol use only and concurrent use (Lee et al., 2022; Subbaraman & Kerr, 2015).


id: cannabis-286
title: cannabis-286
pages: 18
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 10136
sentence: 521
flesch: 51
cache: cache/cannabis-286.pdf
txt: txt/cannabis-286.txt
summary:
  Four pre-registered multilevel models examined the associations of theory-driven predictors with the intention to initiate cannabis use and to increase use. Results: 33.4% of all students surveyed reported past-year cannabis use, 9.9% of cannabis naïve students reported intending to initiate cannabis use, and 22% of those with previous cannabis use reported intending to increase cannabis use.


id: cannabis-323
date: 2025
pages: 14
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 7430
sentence: 334
flesch: 55
cache: cache/cannabis-323.pdf
txt: txt/cannabis-323.txt
author:
  Walsh, Claire A.; Jafarzadeh, Nikki; Whaley, Reid C.; Han, Dae-Hee; Leventhal, Adam; Pedersen, Eric R.; Barrington-Trimis, Jessica; Harlow, Alyssa F.

title:
  Cannabis Products and Use Patterns Associated with Cannabis Use Disorder Symptoms Among Youth in Southern California

summary:
  Email: jtrimis@usc.edu Cannabis, A Publication of the Research Society on Marijuana 90 development (Jacobus & Tapert, 2014), and alterations in cognitive functioning that may have a greater impact compared to cannabis use during adulthood (Quinn et al., 2008). Individuals are also at a higher risk of developing cannabis use disorder (CUD) when cannabis use is initiated during adolescence compared to adulthood (Winters & Lee, 2008).


id: cannabis-384
author: Lauren Micalizzi; Kyra Farrelly; Stephanie Penta
title: Abstracts from the 2025 Scientific Meeting of the Research Society on Marijuana July 18-20, 2025
date: 2025
pages: 109
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 46830
sentence: 1932
flesch: 41
cache: cache/cannabis-384.pdf
txt: txt/cannabis-384.txt
summary:
  Results: A multilevel structural equation model with cannabis use days (level 1) nested within burst (level 2) nested within participants (level 3) revealed significant day-level relationships between difficulty limiting cannabis (but not unplanned cannabis use) and both increased cannabis use Intervention efforts could include early screening for both ADHD and cannabis use, as well as integrating ADHD symptom management with cannabis use interventions, particularly for students with a combined ADHD presentation.


id: cannabis-184
title: cannabis-184
pages: 16
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 9175
sentence: 396
flesch: 51
cache: cache/cannabis-184.pdf
txt: txt/cannabis-184.txt
summary:
  Using this operationalization, approximately 90% of co-use days were SAM use days. Cannabis, A Publication of the Research Society on Marijuana 36 METHODS Participants Participants were college students in a multi- site study assessing simultaneous cannabis and alcohol use.


id: cannabis-296
title: cannabis-296
pages: 135
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 58459
sentence: 2409
flesch: 42
cache: cache/cannabis-296.pdf
txt: txt/cannabis-296.txt
summary:
  There was a significant association between cluster membership (i.e. levels of exercise) and cannabis use, with those in the high exercise cluster showing higher cannabis use (p < 0.001). Yet clinicians need to be prepared to have evidence-informed discussions about cannabis use.


id: cannabis-288
title: cannabis-288
pages: 14
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 8068
sentence: 351
flesch: 60
cache: cache/cannabis-288.pdf
txt: txt/cannabis-288.txt
summary:
  Email: allison.glasser@rutgers.edu Cannabis, A Publication of the Research Society on Marijuana 99 non-significant changes or small increases in cannabis use among YAs following implementation (Lachance et al., 2022). The prevalence of cannabis use has increased over time, with 28.8% of YAs reporting past-month use in 2022 (Patrick et al., 2023) and a high prevalence of tobacco and cannabis co-use in this age group (Cohn & Chen, 2022).


