cquilt: A Pathfinder

This is a computer-generated pathfinder created against the Distant Reader study called cquilt.

Each Distant Reader study carrel is composed of many individual items. Each item is bibliographically described with author, title, date, summary, and keyword values. Below is a list of the items' most signficant keywords as well as lists of the items themselves. Purpusing the content of this pathfinder provides the student, researcher, or scholar with one way to get their heads around the scope of the carrel. The keywords include:

Jamaica; Women; People; Ibid; Colonial; Region; Haitian; Haiti; Trinidad; Identity; Government; Labour; Development; Studies; Cuba; Dominican; Canada; Slave; Guyana; Land; Food; Matter; Revolution; Quilt; Puerto; History; Island; Mark; World; Amber; Afro; Gender; Ground; Harris; Art; Time; Islands; Executive; Jamaican; Century; Caribs; Warner; Past; Coconut; Anglo; Césaire; Tiffany; Kwanza; Woman; Action; Fyah; Pieces; Immigrant; Panel; Rise; Samra; Father; Painting; Urayoán; Sexuality

Depending on how this pathfinder was created, many of the bibliographic sections will include elaborations on the meaning(s) of the given keywords. These elaborations were generated by feeding the items' summaries to a large langauge model and asking the model to address the question, "What is X?", where "X" is the keyword. The result will be a few sentences of elaboration. Be forewarned. The elaborations are often plausible, but they should not be take as truth. Instead, they should be taken as points for consideration.

• 5:30 in Negril by Williams, Tammy Ronique (2012) - 30 “5:30 in Negril” *** Born in Moscow, Russia and raised in Kingston, Jamaica, Tammy Ronique Williams is a second year student at the University of Toronto, where she is pursuing an Honours Bachelor's Degree in English and Caribbean Studies, with a minor in Russian. At 5:30 in the evening, the colours of the day are swept to the westernmost end of the island Jamaica creating an array of (carefully) blended shades. Keywords: jamaica
• The Maroon Communitarion Dilemma: Navigating the Intersices between Resistance and Collaboration by Connell, Robert (2012) - Given the horrors of the slave system, and the fact that many Maroons and their loved ones were themselves tortured and brutalized by the enslavers, cooperation with the Europeans must have been an agonizing choice for many of the warriors. His research focuses on conflicts over resource extraction and sovereignty rights between Maroons and the Jamaican state in the 21st century. Keywords: campbell; cudjoe; ibid; jamaica; maroons; resistance; slave; treaties; treaty; war
• Rastafarianism & Michael Manley by Doyle, Connor (2013) - As I have argued in the foregoing pages, by the time of Manley‟s campaign Rastafari was no longer the “cult of outcasts” it had been a scant decade earlier. The protests lacked an explicit racial motive or content, but nevertheless engaged matters of economic disparity redolent of Rastafari critiques. Keywords: caribbean; class; colonial; government; jamaica; manley; manley‟s; marijuana; michael; movement; politics; rastafari; rastafarians; reggae; society
• The Jamaican Bauxite Industry & Decolonization by Silberberg, Monica (2013) - Given the superior power of MNCs to control capital flows and exploit markets in the international arena, it is unrealistic to suppose that Jamaica would have easily developed an independent competitive aluminum industry.24 It can be argued that MNCs have provided capital, expertise, and markets for the exploitation of Jamaican bauxite more efficiently than could an independent effort by the Jamaican government or private Jamaican entrepreneurs. Based on the data for 1950-1967, it was calculated that a lack of forward linkages resulted in 95% of the gross value generated from Jamaican bauxite being accrued abroad rather than domestically.40 The wages received by bauxite workers in Jamaica did not compare to their counterparts in metropolitan countries, yet they were still substantially higher than in other sectors of the Jamaican economy. Keywords: alumina; bauxite; bauxite industry; caribbean; case; companies; government; industry; jamaica; mncs
• Deconstructing Ideas of Violence and Homophobia in Jamaica by Sharifa Patel by Patel, Sharifa (2015) - Homophobic violence in Jamaica does deserve international attention but the trajectory of violence and homophobia must be analyzed responsibly. Vulnerable bodies have indeed become the sight for political violence, but further research is required to truly deconstruct this problem as it relates to Jamaica’s history and Jamaica’s place in the global economy. Keywords: bodies; caribbean; colonial; dancehall; government; homophobia; jamaica; violence
• From Democratic Socialism to a Neoliberal Agenda: A Jamaican Case Study by Brown, Raquel (2015) - Days after this meeting Manley announced his support for the Cuban presence in Angola, this resulted in US economic aid being embargoed for the rest of the Ford administration’s term (Payne, 1994). Introduction This paper looks at Jamaica's experience with neoliberal policies. Keywords: government; imf; jamaica; jlp; manley; payne; people; pnp; policy; seaga; socialism; time
• Extraction, Exploitation and Degradation: A Brief Environmental History of Western Investment in Jamaica by McCarthy, Thomas (2015) - But beyond denuding large tracts of rural Jamaica, the processing of the bauxite ore produces much pollution. 21 Tony Weis, “Beyond peasant deforestation: environment and development in rural Jamaica,” Global Environmental Change: 10(2000) 4, 299-305. Keywords: beckford; caribbean; century; development; economy; exploitation; jamaica; land; people; production; tourism; witter
• Investigating Discourses of Indigeneity and Taino Survival in Jamaica by Haile, Shenhat (2022) - Neeganagwedgin, 383 32 33 34 31 29 28 26 30 26 27 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 (January 20, 2022 / 08:53:05) 122815-1b_CaribbeanQuilt_Vol6_rev.pdf .31 32 survival, but rather to continue challenging and disputing historical materials that have written Jamaica Taíno’s out of existence entirely. This paper seeks to investigate complex conceptualizations of indigeneity on the island and explore the ways in which the myth of extinction has persisted into the post-colonial period, along with the challenges related to the reconstruction of Taíno histories in Jamaica. Keywords: caribbean; histories; ibid; island; jamaica; maroon; survival; taíno
• Equality through Education: A Review of Michael Manley's Vision for Jamaica by Annan, Renee (2022) - Furthermore, considering the high turnover for the cabinet appoint- ment of Education Minister, some argue that Manley sought to glean the capital and support of local business elite via appointments. Equality through Education: A Review of Michael Manley's Vision for Jamaica Renée Annan University of Toronto New College, Double Major in History and Sociology Michael Manley envisioned a Jamaica that would provide equality for the working-class through education. Keywords: class; education; jamaica; manley; policy
• Politics, Identity and Jamaican Music by Sanicharan, Rachelle (2022) - In turn, this research seeks to present the importance of Jamaican music as a voice for Jamaican people—an accurate presentation of their experiences and their beliefs. In turn, this research seeks to present the importance of Jamaican music as a voice for Jamaican people—an accurate presentation of their experiences and their beliefs. Keywords: dancehall; jamaica; marley; music; party; people; politics; reggae
• Manley and Bishop: The Tragedy of Leftist Reformism in the Caribbean by Scott, Tristan (2022) - This paper will examine Jamaica under the Michael Manley government and Grenada under Maurice Bishop and the New Jewel Movement, arguing that reformist methods in the Global South, despite their tenden- cies toward upholding capitalistic institu- tions, are seen as being just as threatening as their revolutionary counterparts in the minds of Global North actors. Manley’s methods were not truly “revolutionary” in any meaning of the term – there would be no violent overthrowing of Jamaica’s economic order nor an ousting of Ameri- can and Global North influence from the island. Keywords: caribbean; global; grenada; ibid; jamaica; manley; north; socialism
• Democratic Socialism a Solution to Colonial Tourism Structures by Providence, Kennedy-Jude (2022) - Democratic Socialism a Solution to Colonial Tourism Structures Kennedy-Jude Providence University of Toronto FAS Biology and Health and Disease/Caribbean Studies The Caribbean’s environmental diversity and tourism products have been a longstanding source of income leading many to argue that the detriments of tourism outweigh its beneficial, economic effects. Furthermore, while there are other prevalent issues that threaten tourism and have plagued the region for years including and not limited to pollution, environmen- tal degradation, climate change, crime and natural disasters, this analysis is simply intended to focus on identity, economy and the seemingly never-end- ing cycle of Western Imperialism threatening West Indian identity. Keywords: caribbean; covid-19; industry; jamaica; pandemic; region; socialism; tourism
• Gentrification in Toronto's Little Jamaica: Food for Resistance by Wong, Elizabeth (2023) - For many, food fulfils a nostal- gic desire for a lost homeland and makes Little Jamaica a liminal space between the homeland and the host land.9 Many community members described the food as a key- stone of cultural identity in the Caribbean diaspora. Drawing on interviews with community members and local activists, this essay examines how the Carib- bean community in Little Jamaica constructs cultural identity through food, highlighting a tension between authenticity and hybridity that exists within this cultural identity. Keywords: caribbean; community; diaspora; food; gentrification; jamaica; little

• Gender, Oppression & Resistance in Caribbean Slave Society by Zlotnik, Jessica (2013) - Their financial independence meant that there was a greater tendency for them to participate in the market economy as autonomous agents giving them more freedom than their rural counterparts.11 Since powerful white men dominated the centre of the urban economy, many white women operated on the periphery as owners and managers of taverns, sex-houses, and slave rental services.12 While the urban economy provided white women with greater independence in a society based on patriarchal power, it could also work to further subjugate women of colour. The concerns articulated by Lewis do not appear to be unusual indicating that slave women did in fact play an important role in resisting their enslavement. Keywords: caribbean; press; slave; slave society; society; university; west; women
• Puerto Rico: Sterile Breeding Grounds for Coercion and Uniformed Consent by Enberg, Susan G. (2015) - 440-441) Puerto Rican women have consistently constituted the highest prevalence of sterilized women in the world.1 Many scholars question whether or not a negative eugenics campaign has been waged on the island by U.S. and Puerto Rican biomedical researchers, scientists, and public health officials in order to reduce and even potentially eliminate the Puerto Rican population,2 a 1 Bonnie Mass, “Puerto Rico: A Case Study of Population Control,” Latin American Perspectives, Issue 15, Vol. IV, No. 4 (Fall 1977):78. A great number of Puerto Rican women had been sterilized to serve the needs of industry in Puerto Rico, and their wombs too were now bereft. Keywords: american; control; latin; population; puerto; puerto rico; rico; sterilization; u.s; vol; women
• The Pervasive Silence of Enslaved Woman and the Dichotomy of White Woman as Property and Proprietor by McFarlane, Chantal (2015) - The need to keep one’s property beyond everything else is shown in Property which takes away from the mutuality of kinship between black women and white women, as it is Manon who has Sarah hunted to bring her back to slavery. Mair states that white women existed at two levels that of the “delicate beings, requiring masculine protection and as good creatures ... Keywords: manon; property; slavery; white; women
• Pum Pum Rule Jamaican Dance: An Analytic Response to the Inability to Recognize Female Sovereignty in Dancehall by Fullerton, Leslie-Ann (2015) - Perhaps if there were a departure from the practice of measuring dancehall women and their willingness to sexually express themselves in reference to European women, then the point of contention would become less rigid. This dichotomy also renders observers unable to appreciate working class women actively creating a space where they are seen and heard in Jamaica’s post-independent atmosphere. Keywords: dancehall; fashion; female; jamaican; lady; people; pum; queen; saw; stolzoff; town; women; yuh
• Indigeneity and Blackness: Partners in the Struggles of Settler-Colonialism by Andrade-Dixon, Octavia (2020) - Through the Indian Act, Indigenous women had to be married to Indigenous men for their children to maintain status. Under this protocol, Indigenous women with an Indigenous mother and non-status father became 6(2)s, the lower-status denomination. Keywords: colonial; community; marriage; queer; status; women
• Racialized Emotional Labour: The Weight of Blackness in White Spaces by Andrade-Dixon, Octavia (2020) - Emotional labour for Black women comes with the responsibility of conforming to the standards upheld by white society (Durr and HarveyWingfield 558). Emotional labour manifests more prominently for Black women in non-Black spaces as they use it as a tool for assimilation and self-perseveration. Keywords: club; labour; women; work
• Who is Claudia Jones? by McCausland, Julie Ann (2020) - She was later released on $1000 bail and threatened with deportation to her native country of Trinidad if she did not modify her persistent stand against exploitation and the oppression of Black women in the United States (Boyce Davies xxiv). She challenged the Communist Party to take a more serious interest in the cause of Black women (Boyce Davies 40). Keywords: boyce; boyce davies; claudia; davies; jones; women; xxiv
• The womb: a site of domination and resistance in the Pre-emancipation British Caribbean by Xia, Collin (2022) - Rhonda Reddock further argues that the contempt for marriage among slave women was because “it meant extra work and being confined to one man” when both men and women often maintained multiple relation- ships. From that point on, Anglo-Caribbean plantocra- cies demonstrated significant interest in enslaved women’s reproductive labour to manage slave demographics but enslaved women often defied their masters to exert control over their reproductive capacities in “gynecological revolt” This essay examines sources centred on Jamaica to argue that the wombs of enslaved women in the Anglo-Caribbean colonies were sites of colonial domination as slaveowners, abolitionists, and the imperial government fought to control it but were also sites of “gynecological revolt” as women exerted control over their sexuality, pregnancy, childbirth experience, and child-rearing process. Keywords: abolition; bodies; slave; slavery; turner; women
• Thought Leadership and Women’s Liberation Politics: A Book Review of Left of Karl Marx by Carol Boyce Davies by Knott, Janae (2022) - The super exploitation of Black women was an issue close to Jones’ heart likely because of her family’s experience of her mom dying at 37 from strenuous working conditions in a garment industry job. In the column, Jones recommended texts from authors around the world who were pursuing socialism, including books on women in China and the Soviet Union, ‘The Woman Question’ (which included ideas from Marx, Engels, Lenin, and Stalin), and biographies of influential Black women, including Sojourner Truth and Harriet Tubman. Keywords: caribbean; jones; life; people; women
• Silencing the Radical Black Feminist: A Book Review of Left of Karl Marx by Carol Boyce Davies by Vesuna, Alexander (2022) - Silencing the Radical Black Feminist: A Book Review of Left of Karl Marx: The political life of Black Communist Claudia Jones Alexander Vesuna University of Toronto Curriculum and Pedagogy, OISE In their work Left of Karl Marx: The Political Life of Black Communist Claudia Jones Carol Boyce Davies works to rescue Claudia Jones from obscurity and bring the brilliant intellectual back into dominant historical discourse. Carol Boyce Davies does a splendid job recover- ing Claudia Jones and the Black Radical Women illuminating that their position to the left of Karl Marx has been rightfully earned. Keywords: class; claudia; claudia jones; davies; jones; left; women
• Claudia Jones, The Person and The Idea by Gourianov, Dmitri (2023) - Through an in-depth look at the trials and tribulations Jones underwent, whether it be her time in prison or her deportation to England, Davies captures her essence and thoroughly analyzes her political development. NO. 1 25 Claudia Jones, The Person and The Idea Dmitri Gourianov Centre for Caribbean Studies Faculty of Arts & Science, University of Toronto Dmitri Gourianov is a fourth-year student studying Political Science at the University of Toronto. Keywords: claudia; davies; jones; women; work
• DEFINE AND EMPOWER: Black Feminist Discourse in a Caribbean Context by Providence, Kennedy-Jude (2023) - In light of this, black women have frequently been forced to create narratives and discourses through art, music, resistance and scholarship. Though the mani- festo of the first-wave feminist movement aimed to have society recognize that women are humans, not property, first-wave feminists contradicted their mandate and contin- ued to treat black women as property and not as humans. Keywords: black; caribbean; feminism; lorde; vol; wave; women

• A Home in Disorder is not a Home: Examining Race in Trinidad and Tobago by Abdel-Shehid, Malek (2020) - Although modern Trinidad and Tobago prides itself on being a worldly and diverse country, the tendency of all groups to vie for representation and influence inevitably leads to division. African enslaved peoples were brought to Trinidad largely in the early nineteenth century (Morgan 249). Keywords: afro; caribbean; groups; people; tobago; trinidad; trinidadians
• From Trinidad and Tobago to the World: Determining the role of Calypso in a new Era by Abdel-Shehid, Malek (2020) - Regional integration across the British West Indies, albeit short-lived as the West Indies Federation (1958- 1962), or WIF, showed Caribbean people that unity was possible. Perhaps a seemingly apolitical decision, this collaboration demonstrates mutual admiration and reminds Caribbean people that their differences are not significant. Keywords: calypso; calypsonians; caribbean; genre; people; region; trinidad
• Reparations in the Caribbean and Diaspora by Bicknell-Hersco, Prilly (2020) - The justification and political theory addressing reparations for past injustices upon present ancestors of Caribbean slaves have encountered both positive and negative feedback. Prilly Bicknell-Hersco Reparations in the Caribbean and Diaspora 39 It has been argued that there is a real and present need for an acknowledgment of the significance of the legacy that transatlantic slave trade left behind. Keywords: caribbean; caricom; people; region; reparations; slavery; trade
• A Brief History of Race, Politics and Division in Trinidad and Guyana by Brown, Kahlia (2020) - This is when hostilities worsened between the emancipated black population and indentured Indians. In 1965, C.L.R James wrote West Indians of East Indian Descent. Keywords: africans; caribbean; guyana; indians; party; people; politics; tobago; trinidad
• The Early Colonial Circum-Caribbean: Affected and Infected by Colonialism and Disease by Providence, Kennedy-Jude (2022) - However, this infers that regardless of colonial modes of subjugation, Indigenous populations were too weak to ward off novel infec- tion. This research paper seeks to highlight and consid- er the multiple ways in which the region was not only affected but also infected by disease and Colonialism. Keywords: african; caribbean; disease; people; population; region; slave
• Counternarratives of Nationalist Anti-Black Images: Normalizing and Extolling Blackness in Contemporary Art of the Hispanic Caribbean by Girgis, Liza (2022) - This is indicative of beauty standards in Borinquen since consuming Miss Puerto Rico and Miss Universe is extremely important to Puerto Ricans; because the island is 4th in the world—af- ter The Philippines, the United States, and Venezuela— for the most Miss Universe titles, winning the pageant is paramount. Meanwhile, in Puerto Rico, Miss Puerto Rico 2018—Ki- ara Ortega—was only “the third woman with noticeably mixed (African and Indigenous) features to win Miss Universe Puerto Rico after Alba Reyes in 2004 and Zuleyka Rivera in 2006.” Keywords: afro; beauty; blackness; caribbean; cuba; dominican; hair; island; january; miss; people; puerto; puerto rico; rican; rico
• Analysis of Coco Fusco and Guillermo Gómez Peña’s ‘The Couple in the Cage: A Guatinaui Odyssey’ by Sanicharan, Rachelle (2022) - Some people did question the legitimacy of the exhibit, but most people believed its content because historically, people being presented in cages is something that Western countries have done many times before. The performance, The Couple in the Cage: A Guatinaui Odyssey, addresses notions of authenticity by showcasing how the idea of the Other is presented to people throughout the world and how the story of the fictional characters was enough to convince many people that a new island and ‘type’ of people had been discovered. Keywords: cage; couple; people

• Climate Change and Caribbean Coral Reefs by Deonarinesingh, Anastasia (2012) - In these two countries, coral reef fishing has a much smaller economic impact when compared with Belize, ranging from US$0.7 million in Tobago and US$0.4 million in St. Lucia. Coral reef fishing is essential in providing jobs, adding cultural value and a social safety net in both locations25. Keywords: caribbean; change; climate; coral; fishing; hurricane; ibid; ibid page; levels; page; reefs; region; sea
• Haiti and the False Promise of State Power by Troup, Daniel (2013) - The preceding historical overview of Haitian political history has sought to establish an historical basis for the application of state theory to the case of Haiti. This will be followed by an examination of the Haitian state in theoretical context, which will outline the impediments to future leftist governance in Haiti proposing the development of political strategies aside from the pursuit of state power. Keywords: aristide; country; haiti; haitian; ibid; new; power; state; university; york
• The Grenada Revolution: Investigating the Ambitions and Shortcomings of a Radical Caribbean Political Experiment by Haile, Shenhat (2022) - Many of the strengths of the political experiment in Grenada can be identified in the first few years following the formation of the PRG government (led by NJM members and Bishop as Prime Minister), where revolutionary spirits were high and people’s political participation was in full force. Alongside raising the political morale of the people, the PRG government allocated considerable time, effort and investment into transforming Grenada’s education system. Keywords: caribbean; education; government; grenada; ibid; prg; revolution
• Redemption Song: A Commentary on Caribbean Society by Bacchus, Maria (2023) - This was accomplished by discussing a scene from each episode of Redemption Song and connecting it with secondary literature on Caribbean society to touch upon how the series represents and comments on contemporary Caribbean society. ”53 Colonial portrayals of the Caribbean as welcoming and open for conquest are repurposed by the current tourism industry, distorting the Caribbean’s reality and presenting Caribbean Journal of Criticism 17, no. 3 (2013): 161. Keywords: caribbean; dominican; episode; history; ibid; redemption; society; song
• Haiti - Harmed at the Hands of Others by Ray-Ellis, Max (2023) - In the 1780s, when Haiti was the French colony of “Saint- Domingue,” it was the wealthiest colony in the world, pro- ducing nearly half of its sugar exports and a more signifi- cant proportion of its coffee.6 Losing Haiti was a blow that France did not wish to accept, and it spent several decades attempting to negotiate compensation for the “property” lost by its citizens in Haiti, which included both land and the formerly enslaved people.7 France and Haiti attempted negotiations for this compensation on multiple occasions under different regimes before King Charles X of France issued a virtual ultimatum in 1825. NO. 1 57 Haiti – Harmed at the Hands of Others Max Ray-Ellis Centre for Caribbean Studies Faculty of Arts & Science, University of Toronto Max Ray-Ellis is an undergraduate student from North York, Ontario. Keywords: american; caribbean; haiti; haitian; history; ibid; nation; states; u.s; united
• Canadian-Trinidadian Activism: Navigating Intersectional Identity in Queer Care by Chapman, Julia (2023) - For Trinidadian-Canadian queer activists, identity must be navigated through queer identity, ethnic community and cultural background. Fung presents complex identity informing complex activism, for Fung, this is film-based art that explores the many topics surrounding his identity. Keywords: activism; canada; canadian; fung; ibid; identity; queer; research; richard
• Forward Ever, Backward Never: Examining the Relationship between Colonial Violence and Capitalist Development in a Caribbean Context by Nurse, Alyssa (2023) - Finally, it calls for more decolonial perspectives and critical approaches to capitalist development that recognize and address the ongoing effects of colonial violence especially in Caribbean contexts. In ad- dition, the scholarship introduced provides some frame- work to identify and address the relationship between colonial violence and capitalist development, whether that be understood via. Keywords: caribbean; colonial; development; ibid; violence; world

• Tourism as a Neo-colonial Phenomenon: Examining the Works of Pattullo & Mullings by Williams, Tammy Ronique (2013) - In his book Behind the smile: The working lives of Caribbean tourism, George Gmelch suggests that tourism “reawakens memories of the colonial past and so perpetuates resentments and antagonisms.” Mullings in her article Caribbean tourism: trouble in paradise? suggests that since “the islands could not finance tourism projects without diverting resources away from the other sectors that were also being developed,” Caribbean governments would have to depend on foreign investment to build hotels and infrastructure. Keywords: caribbean; colonial; hotel; islands; mullings; new; pattullo; states; tourism
• Exoticism, Exchange, and Early Indigenous-Colonial Relations in the 15th to 16th Century Caribbean by Dua, Akshay (2022) - This permitted them to wrest command over Indigenous trade networks and monopolize its foreign goods, both their own and others, in order to institute themselves as high-ranking authorities. Indigenous trade networks based in exoticism thus unwillingly facilitated imperial hegemony. Keywords: caribbean; colonial; culture; early; exchange; foreign; goods; material; trade
• Envisioning the Future using the Dreams of the Past: Caribbean Historiography and Decolonizing Development in the Caribbean by Freeman, Areli (2022) - 1 (January 20, 2022 / 09:38:42) 122864-1b_CaribbeanQuilt_Vol7_rev.pdf .50 51 Bridget Brereton, “Recent Development in Historiography of the Post-Emancipation Anglophone Caribbean,” in Beyond )UDJPHQWDWLRQௗ��3HUVSHFWLYHV�RQ�&DULEEHDQ�+LVWRU\��HG��E\�-XDQLWD�'H�%DUURV��$XGUD��'LSWHH��DQG�'DYLG�9LQFHQW�7URWPDQ�� �3ULQFHWRQ�1-��0��:LHQHU�3XEOLVKHUV������������� ����%UHUHWRQ������ ����2��1LJHO�%ROODQG��³+LVWRULRJUDSK\�RI�'HFRORQLVDWLRQ�LQ�WKH�$QJORSKRQH�&DULEEHDQ´�LQ�%H\RQG�)UDJPHQWDWLRQௗ�� 3HUVSHFWLYHV�RQ�&DULEEHDQ�+LVWRU\�HG��E\�-XDQLWD�'H�%DUURV��$XGUD��'LSWHH��DQG�'DYLG�9LQFHQW�7URWPDQ���3ULQFHWRQ�1-��0�� :LHQHU�3XEOLVKHUV������������� ����%UHUHWRQ������� ����%UHUHWRQ���������� ����%ROODQG������� ����%ROODQG������ 2 Trends in Caribbean Historiography ,Q�RUGHU�WR�XQGHUVWDQG�WKH�FXUUHQW�FRQFHS- WXDOL]DWLRQ�RI�&DULEEHDQ�KLVWRU\�LW�LV�XVHIXO� WR�XQGHUVWDQG�LWV�IRFXVHV��SHULRGL]DWLRQV� DQG�PHWKRGRORJ\��7KH�KLVWRU\�RI�WKH� Anglophone Caribbean, there are two PDMRU�ZDWHUVKHG�PRPHQWV��7KH�ILUVW� RFFXUV�LQ������DW�WKH�RIILFLDO�HQG�RI� slavery and the start of the post-emancipa- WLRQ�SHULRG���������������DQG�WKH�VHFRQG� EHJLQV�LQ�WKH�����V��ZKHQ�D�VHULHV�RI� ODERXU�SURWHVWV�LQ�WKH�UHJLRQ�UHVXOWV�LQ�D� shift in social, political and economic FRQGLWLRQV���7KH�ODWWHU�VLPLODUO\�PDUNV�D� VKLIW�LQ�WKH�SKDVHV�RI�GHFRORQL]DWLRQ�� 3UH�������WKH�UHJLRQ�ZDV�SULPDULO\� composed of colonies some of which maintained representative government, IURP������WR������ZDV�WKH�SHULRG�RI� ODERXU�UHEHOOLRQV�DQG�FRQVWLWXWLRQDO� GHFRORQL]DWLRQ�EHJLQV��DQG������WR�WKH� ����V��ZKHUH�PRVW�IRUPHU�&DULEEHDQ� FRORQLHV�EHFDPH�LQGHSHQGHQW�VWDWHV� &DULEEHDQ�KLVWRU\�LV�XVXDOO\�ZULWWHQ�ZLWK�D� IRFXV�RQ�VRFLDO�KLVWRU\��KLVWRU\�FHQWHUHG� DURXQG�UDFH��HWKQLFLW\��FODVV��JHQGHU�HWF���� DQG�LV�XVXDOO\�ZULWWHQ�EDVHG�RQ�DUFKLYDO� GRFXPHQWV�FUHDWHG�E\�FRORQLDO�JRYHUQ- PHQWV��RUDO�KLVWRULHV�DQG�SRSXODU�ZULWLQJ� OLNH�FRORQLDO�HUD�&DULEEHDQ�QHZVSDSHUV��� :KLOH�GLIIHUHQW�VFKRODUV�RI�FRXUVH�KDYH� WKHLU�RZQ�LGHDV�DQG�DQJOHV�WKDW�WKH\�XWLOL]H�� when writing history, the major difference between scholars writing Caribbean history has been pro-colonial and anti-co- ORQLDO�SHUVSHFWLYHV��7KH�ODWWHU�KDV�EHFRPH� dominant (in the sense that writing has JRQH�IURP�SUDLVLQJ�FRORQLDO�UXOH�WR�EHLQJ� H[WUHPHO\�FULWLFDO�RI�LW���D�VKLIW�WKDW�LV� generally considered to have happened in WKH�����V�DQG�����V���7KLV�SHULRGL]DWLRQ�LV� RI�FRXUVH�FRQWHVWHG��DQG�DV�D�UHVXOW�WKH� transition between pro-colonial and [de]colonial periods may be seen as RYHUODSSLQJ��ZLWK�ERWK�DOZD\V�H[LVWLQJ�EXW� one becoming dominant at some period in WLPH� Caribbean History, Historical Imagi- nation and the Connections between Past and Present Caribbean historiography and the regions KLVWRULFDO�FRQVWUXFWV�UHIOHFW�FRORQLDO� GLVWULEXWLRQV�RI�SRZHU�DQG�NQRZOHGJH� SURGXFWLRQ��,Q�VRPH�LQVWDQFHV��KLVWRULDQV� that write this history are embedded within WKH�SURFHVVHV�RI�FRORQLDO�NQRZOHGJH� FUHDWLRQ�ZKLOH�RWKHUV��WKURXJK�WKHLU� writing, stand opposed to these frame- ZRUNV���7KRVH�WKDW�DUH�HGXFDWHG�LQ�:HVWHUQ� XQLYHUVLWLHV�LQ�WKH�FRXQWULHV�RI�IRUPHU� FRORQLDO�SRZHUV��VSHDN�WKH�ODQJXDJHV�RI� colonialism and live in societies whose VWUXFWXUHV�EHDU�WKH�PDUNV�RI�KXQGUHGV�RI� \HDUV�RI�GRPLQDWLRQ�DUH�DOVR�QRW�LPPXQH� 3 4 5 6 2 3 4 6 7 8 8 7 (January 20, 2022 / 09:38:42) 122864-1b_CaribbeanQuilt_Vol7_rev.pdf .51 52 Anthony Bogues, “HISTORY, DECOLONIZATION AND THE MAKING OF REVOLUTION: Envisioning the Future using the Dreams of the Past: Caribbean Historiography and Decolonizing Development in the Caribbean Areli Freeman University of Toronto Faculty of Arts and Science, Economics and International Relations Double Major, Material Culture Minor Keywords: caribbean; colonial; d �; development; lv �; wkh �; � &duleehdq; � 7kh; � dqg; � klvwru\; � lq; � ri; � rq; � wr; � �
• The Reality of Reparations: An Exploration of Neo-Colonialism, Morality and Control in the Caribbean by Khan, Amna (2022) - Thus, it is a reminder of the ways in which the subject of reparations stays ever-pres- ent in modern discourses where relation- ships from slavery and colonization are widely identifiable. 5 4 The historical events of colonial slavery were undeniably tragic; however, repara- tions discourse also looks to ending the “continuing dispossession” of the oppressed communities colonial systems created. Keywords: british; caribbean; colonial; land; reparations; rights; slavery; strecker
• A Revolutionary Cuisine: Food, Liberation & Cubanidad by Masuka, Ruth (2022) - Due to the illicit nature of meeting food needs, the very acts of preparing, consuming, and enjoying food was limited to behind the closed doors of the family kitchen, shroud- ing a once communal and social space with secrecy because it did not operate according to legal norms. A Revolutionary Cuisine: Food, Liberation & Cubanidad Ruth Masuka University of Toronto FAS Double Major in Diaspora & Transnational Studies and Peace, Conflict & Justice, Minor in Music History & Culture Keywords: colonial; community; cuba; cubans; cuisine; food; identity; land; revolution
• Limits to Recognition: The Trinidadian State and Its Indigenous Population by Rudder, Adam (2022) - Limited to Recognition: The Trinidadian State and its Indigenous Population Adam Rudder University of Toronto FAS Philosophy, Psychology and Caribbean Studies One prevalent issue regarding the enfranchisement of Indigenous communities within the politics of the Caribbean includes the idea that such communities cease to exist. Many extinction narra- tives in Trinidad have been preserved through continued miscegenation between Indigenous communities and other ethnic groups, and through the localization of Indigenous groups to specific parts of Trinidad. Keywords: colonial; community; extinction; forte; narratives; tobago; trinidad

• Stay: Migration and the Caribbean by Chance, Liane (2013) - The primary motive for Caribbean migration has been the intent to improve economic circumstances, therefore migration out of the region persists when the perception of opportunities abroad outweigh the real opportunities at home.1 Migration rates from the Caribbean remain high and are steadily rising which indicates that the crumbling economic and social structures which sustain such rates continue to degrade.2 As a result, Caribbean countries continue to experience the loss of highly skilled men and women to more industrialized parts of the world. The United Kingdom had been the traditional recipient of Caribbean migrants from 1948, but political shifts in Britain restricted Caribbean migration in the 1960s. Keywords: caribbean; development; labour; lewis; migration; region; return
• The CARIBSAVE Partnership: Climate Change Impacts & Tourism by G’meiner, Anna Agosta (2013) - This course is an opportunity for students with interests in the Caribbean region, climate change research, and the intersection of tourism, livelihoods and the environment to gain greater knowledge and understandings in these fields. Her areas of interest include the impacts of climate change in the Caribbean region, paleo- reconstruction of sea level changes, and effective policy implementation in SIDS. Keywords: caribbean; caribsave; change; climate; region; tourism
• Insecurity in Security: National Security in the Context of Tourism and Domestic Sustainment in the Caribbean by Sobers, Melissa (2015) - The limited amount of resources available to Caribbean security forces is another major roadblock for making the region a safer place. It is puzzling that such claims are made about a region that is statically considered to be the most violent and dangerous in the world due to skyrocketing crime rates in certain countries, specifically Jamaica, Trinidad and Tobago, and Guyana. Keywords: bowling; caribbean; countries; crime; officers; police; region; security; tourism; tourists
• Conditional Support: Chinese Development Aid in the Caribbean by Danaf, Omar (2023) - In combination with his coursework, these experiences have cultivated an interest in how strategic competition between the United States and China has affected the Caribbean. KEYWORDS: Development Aid Maritime Silk Road Intiative MSRI Chinese-Caribbean Relations Chinese-Caribbean Trade Rare Earth Elements Sino-Taiwanese Com- petition ABSTRACT In recent decades, China has emerged as a significant economic power operating within the Caribbean, analyzing its foreign policy strategy in the region of paramount importance. Keywords: assistance; beijing; caribbean; china; chinese; development; region; states

• Stabilizing Haiti: Mission Accomplished? A Review of the work of MINUSTAH 2010-2011 by Edmonds, Kevin; Panchang, Deepa; Fluerant, Marshall; Rattan, Rishi (2013) - Compounding these protection failures was the actual introduction of cholera into the country by MINUSTAH troops, the subsequent cover-up, failure to investigate, and lack of proper response to the growing epidemic.xviii Counter to its mandate to assist in free and fair elections, MINUSTAH also played a role in propping up a U.S.-supported but illegitimate presidential election which oversaw the exclusion of a majority political party and a large part of the population.xix In addition to these main areas of concentration are a number of other issues related to MINUSTAH’s involvement in Haiti. By April, at the request of interim President Alexandre Boniface, the UNSC established the Mission des Nations Unies pour la stabilisation en Haiti (MINUSTAH), which included the deployment of 6,700 CARIBBEAN QUILT | 2012 50 soldiers. Keywords: haitian; http://ijdh.org/projects/universal-periodic-review-upr http://ijdh.org/projects/universal-periodic-review-upr; http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/shared/bsp/hi/pdfs/27_05_08_savethechildren.pdf http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/shared/bsp/hi/pdfs/27_05_08_savethechildren.pdf; http://www.chrgj.org/press/docs/haiti%20sexual%20violence%20march%202011.pdf http://www.chrgj.org/press/docs/haiti%20sexual%20violence%20march%202011.pdf; http://www.ijdh.org/article_international-tribu.n.al.htm; http://www.ijdh.org/haiti(english)(final).pdf; http://www.transafricaforum.org/files/haiti_report.pdf; http://www.un.org/news/dh/infocus/haiti/un-cholera-report-final.pdf; https://www.osac.gov/pages/contentreportdetails.aspx?cid=10560 https://www.osac.gov/pages/contentreportdetails.aspx?cid=10560; minustah
• The Haitian Carnival & Rara: Avenues for Political & Religious Assertion by Haiti’s Poor by Mahmood, Mahavish (2013) - CARIBBEAN QUILT | 2012 62 ochans, or “militaristic musical salutes” that often refer to military leaders, are also used as political performance pieces.13 He goes on to say that music both “creates” and “evokes” memories and that with political lyrics accompanying the music, the emotions attached to the message are sure to remain in mind.8 The powerful associations that music creates in hearts and minds greatly contribute to its function as a source for amplifying political thinking and sentiment. Keywords: carnival; haitian; music; power; rara
• Haiti and Cuba: Trans-Caribbean Conversations and Cross Border Movement by Espaillat Lizardo, Monica (2015) - In the 1930s alone, approximately 38,000 laborers were forcefully repatriated to Haiti, being given no time to sell or gather their assets.12 It is worth noting that the Communist Party of Cuba, which would later ally itself with Haitian communists, opposed these anti-immigration and specifically anti- Haitian measures.13 Today, Haitian culture and language still has a deep influence on the province of Guantanamo, which “has been historically the most important region for Haitian residents”.14 MONICA ESPAILLAT LIZARDO| CUBA AND HAITI 21 Kreyòl library was opened in Havana, attesting to the huge impact Haiti and Haitians have made on Cuba.17 Cuba’s acceptance and elevation of Haitian culture within its own borders seems at odds with its earlier policies of population whitening. Keywords: caribbean; claude; communism; cuba; culture; haiti; haitian; jean; music; press; university; vodou
• Theories of Haitian Mobility and their Relationship to the Dominican Sugar Industry by Ramirez, Juliana (2015) - In this paper I will study the emergence and evolution of the Dominican sugar plantations—and their employment of migrant labor—in order to delineate the reasons that led to Haitian migration to the Dominican Republic. Firstly, I will investigate different scholarly explanations on migration in the Caribbean; secondly, I will describe how the Dominican ingenio evolved; and finally, I will compare the migration theories with the economic development of the Dominican sugar industry in order to discern the possible causes of Haitian migration to the Dominican Republic during the early Twentieth century. Keywords: caribbean; dominican; haitian; labour; martínez; migration; republic; sugar
• USA’s Crusade on the Haitian Black Pig Population & its Toll on Haitian Peasantry and Agriculture by Taluy, Sarah (2015) - As a result, poverty in rural Haiti has drastically intensified and consequently there has been an exodus from rural areas to the capital. Farmer, 130 27 MacKenzie 28 Farmer, 130 29 Dubois, 325 30 Farmer, 130-1 CARIBBEAN QUILT | 2013 58 was to kill all of the pigs and as Laurent Dubois argued, this was perhaps the first time that the Haitian government efforts towards any policy aimed at rural Haiti was so successful because this brutal attack on the peasantry and its native pig had devastating effects in innumerable facets of Haitian life. Keywords: asf; country; government; haiti; haitian; new; peasantry; pig; pigs; population; usa
• AIDS in Haiti: Situating the Incidence and Prevalence of AIDS in Structural Violence by Hasnain, Samra (2015) - :::::: 64 AIDS in Haiti: Situating the Incidence and Prevalence of AIDS in Structural Violence Samra Hasnain Samra Hasnain is in her final year at the University of Toronto, pursuing an undergraduate degree in Human Biology and Caribbean Studies. In doing so, the aim of this paper is to analyze the link between structural violence and AIDS and address how these specific social forces have shaped the incidence and the prevalence of AIDS in Haiti. Keywords: aids; caribbean; farmer; gender; haiti; haitian; hiv; risk
• Contemplating the Afterlife of Slavery: Gynecological Resistance, Marronage, and Revolution in Late-Eighteenth-Century Saint-Domingue by Martin Demers, Stephane (2022) - Even though their predetermined condition would subject them to a life of misery and misfortune, enslaved mothers went to great lengths to ensure their children did not become “the prey of these vultures If planters witnessed midwives assisting enslaved mothers in inducing abortion or committing infanti- cide, they would be severely whipped. Keywords: haitian; mothers; revolution; rosalie; slavery; trouillot

• The Caribbean Diaspora and the Formation of Identity in Second Generation Immigrants by Valcius, Leonika (2012) - I would say that the very fact that celebrations of Caribbean culture have become mainstreamed and commercialized undermines that project of passing on cultural values to second generation immigrants. Reis contends that “the region is actually composed of a plethora of diasporas,” making Caribbean immigrants living in the West “twice diasporised” - first from Africa (and other regions) to the islands of the Caribbean and then from the Caribbean to Europe and North America (Reis 2006, 46-47). Keywords: caribbean; generation; haiti; identity; immigrants
• Debt and Destruction: The Global Abuse of Haiti and Unbalancing the Myth of Benevolent Canada by Uwase, Sabrina (2020) - 66 Debt and Destruction: The Global Abuse of Haiti and Unbalancing the Myth of Benevolent Canada Sabrina Uwase An integral responsibility of nation-states is to provide protection and the means for attaining a fulfilling life to those it governs. From its inception, Haiti has been the source of inspiration for various slave rebellions while simultaneously sparking the first embers for the global fight for Black liberation. Keywords: america; caribbean; debt; haiti; latin; state
• The Illusion of Citizenship and Sovereignty in the Caribbean by Bacchus, Maria (2023) - The concept of citizenship will be disproven by contrasting birthright citizenship and promises of inclusion with the exclusionary policies seen in the Dominican Republic towards those of Haitian Caribbean Quilt Journal Homepage: https://jps.library.utoronto.ca/index.php/cquilt/index CARIBBEAN QUILT 2023 VOL. 7 Analysis The case studies discussed in this essay have shown that the realities of exclusionary citizenship and the undermin- ing of sovereignty through the crippling of self-determina- tion negate the existence of traditional citizenship and sov- ereignty in the Caribbean.30 Instead, this essay argues that these concepts exist in complicated and contradictory forms in the Caribbean because the expectation that con- ventional citizenship and sovereignty exist stems from Western ideals’ imposition on Caribbean society. Keywords: caribbean; citizenship; dominican; haiti; sovereignty

• Appendix 1: Colonial Documents: Of Indentureship & Slavery by Bridgelal, Pooran (2013) - Lindo Male Industry Barbados May/06/1830 John Male Perseverance Antigua May/08/1830 Bashey Male Eliza Pratt Barbados June/03/1830 Maria Female Caroline Tobago June/19/1830 James Male Concord Trinidad July/01/1830 Quamina Male James & Margaret St. Christopher July/01/1830 Celia Female James & Margaret St. Christopher July/01/1830 Betsy Female James & Margaret St. Christopher “Imported” CARIBBEAN QUILT | 2012 220 Date Name of Slave Sex Vessel Exported to Feb/13/1830 Malvina Female Amelia Trinidad Feb/16/1830 Timothy Male Sir John Thomas Duckworth Trinidad Feb/16/1830 Alick Male Sir John Thomas Duckworth Trinidad Feb/18/1830 Lindo Male Isabella St. Christopher Feb/23/1830 Bob Male Robert Barbados Feb/23/1830 Desir Male Robert Barbados Mar/04/1830 Peter Male Pigwidgeon St.Vincent May/29/1830 Bashey Male Lady of the Isle St. Vincent June/18/1830 Clara Female Flora St. Vincent July/15/1830 Bob Male Lady Adventurer St. Lucia Table 7: “Exported” Trinidad 3/01/1830 Peter Male Pegasus Bermuda 4/03/1830 Lindo Male Industry Barbados 5/06/1830 John Male Perseverance Antigua 5/08/1830 Bashey Male Eliza Pratt Barbados 6/03/1830 Maria Female Caroline Tobago 6/19/1830 James Male Concord Trinidad 7/01/1830 Quamina Male James & Margaret St. Christopher 7/01/1830 Celia Female James & Margaret St. Christopher POORAN BRIDGELAL | APPENDIX 1 - OF INDENTURESHIP & SLAVERY 219 7/01/1830 Betsy Female James & Margaret St. Christopher GRENADA: Table 6: An account of slaves “imported” and “exported” into and from the Port of St. George, Grenada, from 1 st January 1825 – 5 th July 1830 Date Name of Slave Sex Vessel Imported From Mar/01/1830 Jane Edant Female Amelia Trinidad Mar/01/1830 Rosannah Female Amelia Trinidad Mar/01/1830 Sophia La Grenade Female Amelia Trinidad Mar/01/1830 Peter Male Pegasus Bermuda April/03/1830 Keywords: april; female; james; male; ship; trinidad
• Religion in its Diaspora: The Adaptations of Hinduism in the Indo-Caribbean by Brown, Kahlia (2022) - By this point, Caribbean Hindu traditions and culture had drifted far from its ancestral plane despite Brahmin intervention. This essay seeks to contextualize Hinduism in the Caribbean from the 19th century onward, considering factors that have led to the evolution of Caribbean Hinduism in Guyana and Trinidad & Tobago, while acknowledg- ing the dangers of using this evolution to define the religion as a whole. Keywords: caribbean; caste; chutney; hinduism; religion; trinidad
• Everybody Jumping on the Savannah Grass: How Carnival Became a Symbol of Trinidad and Tobago’s National Culture by Bahadoor, Brittney (2023) - Until this point, Trinidad had encountered three major European powers, but the one that intro- duced Carnival to the island was the French in the 18th century. As mentioned above, Trinidad Carnival often reflects the movements in the island’s history, making it a suita- ble candidate to represent the country’s national culture. Keywords: carnival; culture; independence; national; tobago; trinidad; trinidadian
• The Cultural and Spiritual Origination of The Western, Southern and Central African Influences of Trinidad and Tobago’s Carnival and the artform of Kalinda. by Thompson, Shayna Rivelle (2023) - Trinidad and Tobago’s Carnival is regarded as ‘one of the best examples of strong cultural hybridity between Afri- cans and Europeans’ (Miyoshi, Mika “Representation of African Heritage in Trinidad Carnival. Many prominent and influential pioneers have laid the foundation for Trinidad and Tobago Carnival. Keywords: african; caribbean; carnival; central; emancipation; kalinda; slavery; tobago; tradition; trinidad; vol; yoruba

• Conceptions of Race Beyond North America: The Subversion of the Colonial Racial Contract in The Bahamas by Allens, David (2020) - In applying Barth’s framework, modern Bahamian identity has developed—and is largely understood—in comparison to a Haitian ‘other.' It is therefore more difficult to define a normative Bahamian while the race of afro- Haitians in The Bahamas can easily be described as a group of people bound by the elements of slavery, racism and revolution in Saint-Domingue, political instability in Haiti and the formation of a diasporic group. Keywords: bahamas; bahamian; contract; haitians; identity; race; west
• Dependency, White Privilege, and Transnational Hegemonic Reconfiguration: Investigating Systems of Power and Identity Privilege in The Bahamas by Allens, David (2020) - This paper suggests that despite independence, The Bahamas remains subjected to the dependent role under a system of white privilege resulting from colonial agreements made with the United States, multi-national agencies, and regulatory bodies that enforce a hegemonic reconstruction of influence. U.S. hegemonic force would continue to assert its political influence. Keywords: american; bahamas; hegemonic; identity; privilege; u.s; white
• Bodegas, Baseball & Ballads: The Democratization of Puerto Rican Identity by Masuka, Ruth (2022) - The case of Puerto Ricans is no different and beyond collective organization, island- ers in the diaspora went further in redefining the very criteria of Puerto Rican identity. These localities of cultural change served as critical bases for securing the rights for diasporic communi- ties, transforming hegemonic ideologies of Puerto Rican identity, and exploring the tensions at the heart of the livelihoods of migrants. Keywords: community; identity; new; nuyorican; puerto; spaces
• Table of Contents by Allens, David (2022) - Envisioning the Future using the Dreams of the Past: Caribbean Historiography and Decolonizing Development in the Caribbean Areli Freeman................................................................................................................... Thought Leadership and Women’s Liberation Politics: A Book Review of Left of Karl Marx by Carol Boyce Davies Janae Knott...................................................................................................................... Democratic Socialism a Solution to Colonial Tourism Structures Kennedy-Jude Providence................................................................................................ Manley and Bishop: The Tragedy of Leftist Reformism in the Caribbean Tristan Scott...................................................................................................................... Silencing the Radical Black Feminst: A Book Review of Left of Karl Marx by Carol Boyce Davies Alexander Vesuna............................................................................................................. 11 18 22 32 39 49 60 66 73 82 (January 20, 2022 / 09:38:40) a Radical Caribbean Political Experiment Shenhat Haile................................................................................................................ Culture and Identity Counternarratives of Nationalist Anti-Black Images: Normalizing and Extolling Blackness in Contemporary Art of the Hispanic Caribbean Liza Girgis.................................................................................................................... Bodegas, Baseball & Ballads: The Democratization of Puerto Rican Identity Ruth Masuka................................................................................................................. A Revolutionary Cuisine: Food, Liberation & Cubanidad Ruth Masuka................................................................................................................. Keywords: caribbean; identity

• Continuities in Capitalism: Exploitation of Indentured and Migrant Labour by De Silva, Kevin (2012) - If indentured labour can be read as a cloaked “slavery,” then, as this paper has argued, migrant labour certainly can be read as a continuation of indentureship. This paper will argue that indentured labour, though non- existent in the Caribbean today and less apparent in the rest of the world, continues structurally in the form of migrant labour. Keywords: capital; caribbean; exploitation; government; indentureship; india; labour; period; university; workers

• The Seasonal Moral Contract: The Legitimization of the Abusive Treatment of Caribbean Workers in Ontario by Saez, Cecilia (2015) - Some of the historical and social factors that underlie the differences in the treatment of Canadian workers versus Caribbean workers in Canada will be explored. The rules that apply to foreign labour are in opposition to the laws erected to protect Canadian workers from exploitation and from physical and emotional distress. Keywords: brem; canada; faraday; labour; program; rights; workers
• Racial Capitalism, Slavery, Labour Regimes and Exploitation in the Canadian Seasonal Agricultural Workers Program by McCausland, Julie Ann (2020) - A transnational approach to viewing the issues affecting migrant farm workers allows for a global perspective. To provide for themselves and their families, migrant farm workers were forced to painfully separate from their families and their communities for months every year and to lead temporary, transnational lives. Keywords: canada; canadian; countries; farm; labour; sawp; workers

• The Plantation Economy and Guyana’s Extractivism by Nurse, Alyssa (2023) - My argument demonstrates the relevance of the Plantation Economy school of thought and some of the continued modern-day limitations on Guyana's economic growth and development. This paper examines the extent to which Plantation Economy scholarship can explain the current production structure of Guyana's extractive oil and mineral industries. Keywords: april; caribbean; development; economic; economy; guyana; mineral; oil; plantation

• The Caribbean Studies Student Union by Arhurton, Jodi (2013) - CARSSU works closely with the Caribbean Studies department, its faculty and its professors to ensure that the program continues to grow. By hosting engaging events we hope to reaffirm the Caribbean Studies program as an important part of the academic discourse. Keywords: caribbean; executive; studies
• Caribbean Studies Students’ Union Sponsors and Acknoweldgements by Baker, Jesse (2015) - Caribbean Studies Students’ Union UNIVERSITY OF TORONTO NEW COLLEGE STUDENT CENTRE 40 WILLCOCKS STREET MAILBOX 343 TORONTO, ONTARIO M5S 1C6 students.carssu@gmail.com CARIBBEAN QUILT - VOLUME III 2013 Sponsors: Caribbean Studies Students’ Union Caribbean Studies Program, New College Arts and Science Students Union ACKNOWELDGEMENTS We would like to dedicate this volume to our professors in the Caribbean Studies Department, especially Professor Trotz, Professor Itwaru and Professor Newton for their unwavering guidance and their unfailing support with every aspect of this journal -theirs are the shoulders we stand upon. We would also like to thank the Caribbean Studies Department for funding our project. Keywords: studies
• Publication and Editorial by Allens, David (2022) - Caribbean Studies Students’ Union (CARSSU) #500C 40 Willcocks St University of Toronto New College Student Centre Toronto, ON Canada M5S 1C6 carssu@utoronto.ca (January 20, 2022 / 08:53:04) 122815-1b_CaribbeanQuilt_Vol6_rev.pdf .1 Caribbean Quilt is published annually by the University of Toronto Caribbean Studies Students’ Union. 122815-1b_CaribbeanQuilt_Vol6_rev.pdf .2 EDITOR-IN-CHIEF David Allens 2T1 University of Toronto, OISE https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9261-5568 ASSISTANT EDITOR Prilly Bicknell-Hersco 2T1 York University, Faculty of Education COPY EDITOR Korede Akinkunmi 2T1 Lincoln Alexander School of Law , JD LAYOUT AND DESIGN EDITOR Ejaaz Ramdhanie University of the West Indies, St. Augustine ADVISORY BOARD Dr. Kevin Edmonds (Chair) Caribbean Studies Program Dr. Néstor E. Rodríguez Caribbean Studies Program David Allens (Editor-in-Chief) Caribbean Studies Students' Union Jasmine Mclaughlin-Morgan Caribbean Studies Students' Union Tyler Lee Shue Caribbean Studies Students' Union Alex Vesuna Caribbean Studies Students' Union Adrianna Williams Caribbean Studies Students' Union Abigail Ralph Caribbean Studies Students' Union Avinash Dindial Caribbean Studies Students' Union READING COMMITTEE Keywords: caribbean; studies; union
• Publication and Editorial by Allens, David (2022) - Caribbean Studies Students’ Union (CARSSU) #500C 40 Willcocks St University of Toronto New College Student Centre Toronto, ON Canada M5S 1C6 carssu@utoronto.ca (January 20, 2022 / 09:38:39) 122864-1b_CaribbeanQuilt_Vol7_rev.pdf .1 Caribbean Quilt is published annually by the University of Toronto Caribbean Studies Students’ Union. .2 EDITOR-IN-CHIEF David Allens 2T1 University of Toronto, OISE https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9261-5568 ASSISTANT EDITOR Prilly Bicknell-Hersco 2T1 York University, Faculty of Education COPY EDITOR Korede Akinkunmi 2T1 Lincoln Alexander School of Law , JD LAYOUT AND DESIGN EDITOR Ejaaz Ramdhanie University of the West Indies, St. Augustine ADVISORY BOARD Dr. Kevin Edmonds (Chair) Caribbean Studies Program Dr. Néstor E. Rodríguez Caribbean Studies Program David Allens (Editor-in-Chief) Caribbean Studies Students' Union Jasmine Mclaughlin-Morgan Caribbean Studies Students' Union Tyler Lee Shue Caribbean Studies Students' Union Alex Vesuna Caribbean Studies Students' Union Adrianna Williams Caribbean Studies Students' Union Abigail Ralph Caribbean Studies Students' Union Avinash Dindial Caribbean Studies Students' Union READING COMMITTEE Keywords: caribbean; studies; union
• Publication and Editorial Masthead by Nurse, Alyssa; Bahadoor, Brittney (2023) - COVER ART Megan Mugalsingh 2T1 University of Toronto, Faculty of Arts and Science ADVISORY BOARD Dr. Kevin Edmonds (Chair), Caribbean Studies Program Alyssa Nurse (Editor-in-Chief), Caribbean Studies Students’ Union Brittney Bahadoor (Associate Editor), West Indian Students’ Association Tierrai Tull, Caribbean Studies Students’ Union Lolitta Mangwa, Caribbean Studies Students’ Union Shalana Deonarain, Caribbean Studies Students’ Union Calista Nyembwe, Caribbean Studies Students’ Union 3 Zoei Ollivierre, West Indian Students’ Association Esha Mahabir, West Indian Students’ Association REVIEWERS Conrad James University of Toronto, Professor of Caribbean Studies and Director of Caribbean Studies Program Dr. Kevin Edmonds University of Toronto, Professor of Caribbean Studies Dr. Alissa Trotz University of Toronto, Professor of Caribbean Studies and Director of Women and Gender Studies Program Dr. Melanie Newton University of Toronto, Professor of History & Caribbean Studies and Graduate Associate Chair for the Department of History As a result, Caribbean Quilt is freely available to the public via: https://jps.library.utoronto.ca/index.php/cquilt. Keywords: caribbean; studies; toronto
• Land Acknowledgement & Introductory Letters by Nurse, Alyssa; Bahadoor, Brittney (2023) - This is impressive by any measure and is a testament to the high-quality work that Caribbean Studies students are pro- ducing, the questions they are asking and the gaps they are filling through their creative re- search and insightful analyses. Over the past year, it has been incredible to see how the journal has drawn so many new students into Caribbean Studies. Keywords: caribbean; journal; studies; toronto

• Collage: Cuba and Jamaica by Williams, Tammy (2015) - 227 :::::: Tammy Ronique Williams Born in Moscow Russia and raised in Kingston Jamaica, Tammy Ronique Williams is a third year student at the University of Toronto. “Breadfruit Stand” (Bluefields, Westmoreland Jamaica) “Cine Payret” (Havana, Cuba) * Keywords: cuba
• Internal and External Factors to the Success of the Cuban Revolution by Dong, Boyuan (2022) - 34 (January 20, 2022 / 09:38:41) 122864-1b_CaribbeanQuilt_Vol7_rev.pdf .47 48 $OYDUH]�1D]DULR��0DQXHO��������$UTXHRORJtÕD�/LQJXtVWLFD��(VWXGLRV�0RGHUQRV�'LULJLGRV� ����������$O�5HVFDWH�<�5HFRQVWUXFFLyQ�'HO�$UDKXDFR�7DtÕQR��6DQ�-XDQ��(GLWRULDO�GH�OD� ����������8QLYHUVLGDG�GH�3XHUWR�5LFR� $UURP��-XDQ�-RVH��������(VWXGLRV�GH�/H[LFRORJtD�$QWLOODQD��6DQ�-XDQ��(GLWRULDO�GH�OD� ����������8QLYHUVLGDG�GH�3XHUWR�5LFR )HOLFLDQR�6DQWRV��6KHULQD��³3URSKHWLF�5HSDLUV��1DUUDWLYH�DQG�6RFLDO�$FWLRQ�DPRQJ� ����������3XHUWR�5LFDQ�7DtQR�´�Language & Communication��������������±���� )HOLFLDQRဨ6DQWRV��6KHULQD��³+RZ�'R�Keywords: castro; cuba; revolution; ri �; ± �; ´ �; � dqg; � gh; � qr; � wkh; � ±; � ´; � �
• Socialism, Farming, and Resistance: How Cuban Socialism is Beating the Embargo: How Cuban Socialism is Beating the Embargo by Gourianov, Dmitri (2023) - Although not a conclusive reason as to why Socialism remains prevalent in Cuba, this essay looks at one aspect of this new Cuban Socialism and its successes: farming systems. This can be seen in Akhsan et al.'s 2022 research paper on the relationship between farmers' income and the introduc- tion of polycultural farming. Keywords: american; cuba; embargo; farming; land; production; socialism; system

• Baseball as an Intersection of Popular Culture & North AMerican Exploitation in the Dominican Republic by Gurprasad, Tiffany (2012) - “1947 onwards marked racial integration in American baseball with players such as Jackie Robinson and Larry Doby opening up the field of organized baseball for Latin American players.” Sugar intensely captures the narrow, burdensome path baseball creates into the Western world for Dominican players, the struggle of adjusting to American culture and the ever- looming machine of the MLB that commodifies Latin American and Caribbean players.28 Accustomed to racially inclusive leagues in the Caribbean and Latin America, players who migrated to American baseball were largely unprepared for the level of discrimination and racism entrenched in American society. Keywords: american; baseball; dominican; latin; north; players; republic

• Hybrid 2 by Rampersand, Ashti-Leah Mindy (2012) - Still to this day I am curious about understanding how and why diasporic groups manage to hang on tightly to certain customs from “back home,” and how they adapt to a “contemporary” society such as Canada. Like many customs, the significance and purpose of this sacred tradition has now been taken away by commercialism. Keywords: canada
• Green Gold Is No More by Allens, David (2022) - Green Gold is No More David Allens 2T1 University of Toronto OISE Leadership, Higher and Adult Education With the collapse of the Banana industry, Gabriel Allahdua was thrust into a new reality that highlights the challenges of life under the externalities of neoco- lonialism. To view a copy of this license, visit https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/ 48 St. Lucian Activist and former migrant worker Gabriel Allahdua marches at a rally in support of migrant workers’ rights in Ottawa in October 2016. Keywords: banana; canada; caribbean; gabriel; january; lucia; workers

• Maroon Societies: A Political Perspective by McFarlane, Chantal (2013) - 7 Alvin Thompson, Flight to Freedom, 211 CARIBBEAN QUILT | 2012 86 significance, which is that the very formation and survival of emerging Maroon societies was contingent on a particular political organization that embraced collective solidarity and defence.8 Barbara Kopytoff argues that the period of political formation before the first treaty between the Maroons and the Jamaican government may be viewed as the only point when the political institutions of Maroon societies were outside the influence of colonial rule.9 This period had the chiefs much more involved in maintaining order within the community. This essay will argue that Maroon societies acted as an entity of defiance against slave communities, even though intricate organizational structures had an atypical symbiotic relationship with them. Keywords: communities; maroon; maroon societies; slave; societies

• Guyana’s Ethnic Security Dilemma: Positing an Alternative Reading by Edwards, Duane (2015) - The call by Jagdeo was not necessarily to study Guyanese history which would entail (re- )reading history from various viewpoints. The Art of Memory and the Re-membering of History This prioritizing of history and historical experience lies at the heart of the conflict between Caribbean poeticism and historicism. Keywords: africans; guyana; guyanese; harris; history; indians; reality; security
• Monsanto and Caribbean Agricultural Politics by Chatarpal, Mark (2015) - In short, the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation, the world’s largest private charity, single handedly distributes Monsanto GM seeds in the form of aid to foreign countries. In this context the term farmers, encompass the vast majority of Indian men and women who were coerced into abandoning their intergenerational crops for Monsanto GM seeds. Keywords: agricultural; april; caribbean; chatarpal; company; corp; farmers; food; global; guyana; mark; monsanto; rice; seeds; south; u.s
• Guyana’s Racial Politics: Causes, Issues, and its Welcoming of Western Neocolonialism by Bahadoor, Brittney (2023) - Due to this fact, Guyana relied heavily on for- eign governments to maintain some form of balance, which allowed both countries to directly interfere with the racial tensions in Guyanese society and utilize them to change who the leader and party in power were.34 As Britain had monopolized racial tensions during the co- lonial era, it was not a surprise that they did it again in Guyana pre-independence by instigating the split of the original PPP party in the 1950s into an Indian party and an African party. Her Indo-Caribbean heritage has spurred her love for Caribbean history and instilled a desire to shed lights on the histories of the West Indies that are so often overlooked, specifically Guyana and Trinidad post-emancipation. Keywords: burnham; caribbean; guyana; guyanese; jagan; politics; race

• Indigenous Erasure and Resistance in the Caribbean by Wong, Elizabeth (2023) - Writing on the Caribbean has often portrayed Indigenous people as extinct and thus irrelevant to contemporary life in the Caribbean. However, Indigenous peoples have played and continue to play a central role in Caribbean politics. Keywords: caribbean; diaspora; entanglement; erasure; land; myth; peoples

• The Future of Food in the Caribbean: Climate Change and Food Security: “1.5 Stay Alive: Science Meets Music in the Caribbean” by Miller, Donna (2023) - The effects of climate change are asso- ciated with poverty and a decrease in food security because of the decline in food production and access to sufficient nutritious food. These effects are associated with poverty and a decrease in food security be- cause of the decline in food production and access to suf- ficient nutritious food. Keywords: caribbean; challenges; change; climate; climate change; food; globalization; production; security
• Climate Change and Globalization: Food Security in the Caribbean by Miller, Donna (2023) - The effects of climate change are asso- ciated with poverty and a decrease in food security because of the decline in food production and access to sufficient nutritious food. These effects are associated with poverty and a decrease in food security be- cause of the decline in food production and access to suf- ficient nutritious food. Keywords: caribbean; challenges; change; climate; climate change; food; globalization; production; security

• Statement from the Director by Rodriguez, Nestor (2020) - FRONT MATTER with bios.pdf Keywords: matter
• Statement from the Faculty Advisor by Edmonds, Kevin (2020) - FRONT MATTER with bios.pdf Keywords: matter
• Statement from the Caribbean Studies Student Union by Mehary, Yohanna; Allens, David (2020) - FRONT MATTER with bios.pdf Keywords: matter
• Cover Artist Biography and Artwork Description by Mungalsingh, Megan (2020) - FRONT MATTER with bios.pdf Keywords: matter
• Contributor Biographies by Edmonds, Kevin (2020) - FRONT MATTER with bios.pdf Keywords: matter

• The Influence of American Hegemony on Revolutionary thought by Providence, Kennedy-Jude (2022) - “When the US sneezes, the Caribbean catches a cold.” A B S T R A C T B I O Kennedy Providence is a 4th year Biology, and Health and Disease double major, also pursuing a minor in Caribbean Studies. This tragic historic event is noteworthy as the US undermined a government with the help of spies and trampled upon past revolutionary success- es by Caribbean peoples, leaving Grenada re-infected with another unforgettable Imperialist “cold”. Keywords: bishop; caribbean; cold; grenada; movement; revolution

• Letter From the Editor by De Silva, Kevin (2012) - Because many young Caribbean scholars and students often find themselves isolated from one another, the enterprise of creating this journal was one in which we simultaneously hoped to develop and sustain linkages between very bright minds in the university, linkages which up until now have never existed. It is true that a tropical region such as the Caribbean is seldom thought of in relation to any type of blanket. Keywords: caribbean; quilt
• Caribbean Quilt Front Cover by Mungalsingh, Megan (2020) - CARIBBEAN QUILT vol 5 Front cover VOL . 5 caribbean quilt Keywords: quilt
• Land Acknowledgement and Introductory Notes by Allens, David (2022) - In the production of Volume 6, I was taken aback by the level of engagement and seriousness that Caribbean Studies students had in producing their journal. In a year when so many of us have faced isolation as our lives shifted to online classes, the Caribbean Quilt community remained strong, and acted as an anchor for the Caribbean Studies community, which has managed to remain creative, curious and resilient. Keywords: caribbean; quilt; toronto; volume; work
• Land Acknowledgement and Introductory Notes by Allens, David (2022) - In the production of Volume 6, I was taken aback by the level of engagement and seriousness that Caribbean Studies students had in producing their journal. In a year when so many of us have faced isolation as our lives shifted to online classes, the Caribbean Quilt community remained strong, and acted as an anchor for the Caribbean Studies community, which has managed to remain creative, curious and resilient. Keywords: caribbean; quilt; toronto; volume; work

• Bombs, Land & Dignity: Annihilation, Genocide & Legal Recourse: Vieques, Puerto Rico by Enberg, Susan G. (2013) - Specifically with respect to the Viequenses, the Tribunal emphatically recommends an immediate end to U.S. military exploitation of Puerto Rican lands; immediate cessation of military activities in and around Vieques; and removal of all Puerto Rican military installations. 124 Bombs, Land & Dignity: Annihilation, Genocide & Legal Recourse: Vieques, Puerto Rico Susan G. Enberg Susan Enberg is currently completing her third year at the University of Toronto. Keywords: http://bf4dv7zn3u.search.serialssolutions.com.myaccess.library.utoronto.ca/?ctx_ver=z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info%3aofi%2fenc%3autf-8&rfr_id=info:sid/summon.serialssolutions.com&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=pentagon+finished+with+shad+test+vets&rft.jtitle=vfw%2c+veterans+of+foreign+wars+magazine&rft.au=tim+dyhouse&rft.date=2003-09-30&rft.issn=0161-8598&rft.volume=91&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=8&rft.externaldbid=gvfw&rft.externaldocid=485589301 http://bf4dv7zn3u.search.serialssolutions.com.myaccess.library.utoronto.ca/?ctx_ver=z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info%3aofi%2fenc%3autf-8&rfr_id=info:sid/summon.serialssolutions.com&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=pentagon+finished+with+shad+test+vets&rft.jtitle=vfw%2c+veterans+of+foreign+wars+magazine&rft.au=tim+dyhouse&rft.date=2003-09-30&rft.issn=0161-8598&rft.volume=91&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=8&rft.externaldbid=gvfw&rft.externaldocid=485589301; http://ezproxy.qa.proquest.com/docview/200372207?accountid=14771; http://go.galegroup.com.myaccess.library.utoronto.ca/ps/i.do?id=gale%7ca95598535&v+2.i&u=utoronto_main&it=r&p=grgm&sw=w http://go.galegroup.com.myaccess.library.utoronto.ca/ps/i.do?id=gale%7ca95598535&v+2.i&u=utoronto_main&it=r&p=grgm&sw=w; http://www.sscnet.ucla.edu/soc/faculty/ayala/vieques/papers/03ayalacarrogalleys.pdf http://bf4dv7zn3u.search.serialssolutions.com.myaccess.library.utoronto.ca/?ctx_ver=z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info%3aofi%2fenc%3autf-8&rfr_id=info:sid/summon.serialssolutions.com&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=pentagon+finished+with+shad+test+vets&rft.jtitle=vfw%2c+veterans+of+foreign+wars+magazine&rft.au=tim+dyhouse&rft.date=2003-09-30&rft.issn=0161-8598&rft.volume=91&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=8&rft.externaldbid=gvfw&rft.externaldocid=485589301; http://www.sscnet.ucla.edu/soc/faculty/ayala/vieques/papers/03ayalacarrogalleys.pdf http://www.sscnet.ucla.edu/soc/faculty/ayala/vieques/papers/03ayalacarrogalleys.pdf; http://www.wri-irg.org/nonviolence/nvse10-en.htm; navy; puerto; puerto rico; rico; states; united

• The Consequences of Colonialism to the History and Lives of the Garifuna People of St. Vincent. by de Almeida, Maria Fernanda (2023) - It argues that the arrival of Spanish, French, and British to St. Vincent influenced the genocide of Caribs, the creation of stereotypes associated with their people, and the spread of academic literature based on false narratives of their stories. The arrival of Spanish, French, and Brit- ish to St. Vincent influenced the genocide of Caribs, the creation of stereotypes associated with their people, and the spread of academic literature based on false narratives of their stories. Keywords: black; caribbean; caribs; garifuna; history; indigenous; vincent

• The Dynamic Character Impressions Regarding the Life and Person of Thomas “Indian Warner” by Sheptenko, Mollie (2020) - After the death of his father, Thomas “Indian” Warner suffered at the hands of his stepmother on the island of his birth, Antigua (Hulme and Mollie Sheptenko The Life and Person of Indian Warner 63 Whitehead 95; Dampier 90). The overwhelming sentiment to acquit Colonel Philip Warner after he had murdered his own half- brother (who had been labeled “a slave”, not a son of Sir Thomas Warner), coupled with the English Secretary of State’s plea to “seek justice for ‘Indian’ Warner” so as not to tarnish the image of the British in the eyes of the indigenous Kalinago peoples exhibit the utter self- centeredness colonizing nations and their great abuse of an individual’s ethnic hybridity. Keywords: english; indian; island; warner
• Linguistic Representations of Black Characters in Cuban Fiction of the New Millennium: A tale about continuity and subversion by Dignard, Catia (2022) - Esther Katheryn Whitfield, 74. �����$ULDQD�+HUQiQGH]�5HJXDQW��&XED�LQ�WKH�6SHFLDO�3HULRGௗ��&XOWXUH�DQG�,GHRORJ\�LQ�WKH�����V�� ���������1HZ�Keywords: caribbean; characters; cuban; del; dqg �; editorial; fiction; habana; island; language; narrative; period; race; rey; speech; wkh �; wr �; � +dedqd; � 7rpdvd; � d; � gh; � lq; � ri; � v; � wklv; � �

• Untitled by Chatarpal, Mark (2012) - With a love for his home country Guyana and a strong belief in the teachings of political activists Cheddi Jagan and Dr. Walter Rodney, Mark has kept strong connections with his home, family and friends. 18 “Untitled” *** Mark Chatarpal is a student at the University of Toronto. Keywords: mark
• “Tears of My Heart” by Chatarpal, Mark (2013) - With a love for his country Guyana, Mark has maintained strong connections with his home, family and friends. ..... 14 “Tears of My Heart” Mark Chatarpal Mark Chatarpal is currently studying at the University of Toronto. Keywords: mark

• Torn 2 by Rampersand, Ashti-Leah Mindy (2012) - My art maintains the traditional decorative flow of patterns, which is applied on canvas or wood, using a variety of materials such as sand, torn paper, tiles and acrylic paints; these materials represent the change and influence of the world in which we now live in. CARIBBEAN QUILT | 2011 102 “Torn: A Custom Altered By Society” Ashti-Leah Mindy Rampersad I have seen changes throughout the course of time and how the use of mehndi has been taken out of its traditional context and now used in multiple forms. Keywords: world
• Caribbean Visual Arts, Social Media and Performance by Adeliyi, Wendy (2020) - Mariá Magdalena Campos-Pons’ photograph focuses on the Atlantic Slave Trade and the journey to the New World, focusing on the traditions of West African culture in a subtle way that creates a strong emotional impact for the viewer so that they may never forget the history where we all collectively began the journey. The photographic installation created by María Magdalena Campos-Pons in De las dos Aguas (Between Two Waters), Campos-Pons takes the viewer on a historical journey of the two bodies of ocean water that separate Africa and the Americas. Keywords: africa; caribbean; world

• Table of Contents by Baker, Jesse (2015) - Positing an Alternative Reading Duane Edwards 4 Haiti and Cuba: Trans-Caribbean Conversation And Cross Border Movements Monica Espaillat Lizado 17 “Immigrant Skies” Amber Williams-King 31 The Seasonal Moral Contract: The Legitimization of the Abusive Treatment of Caribbean Workers in Ontario Cecilia The Pervasive Silence of Enslaved Women and The Dichotomy of White Woman as Property and Proprietor Chantal McFarlane 93 Pum Pum Rule Jamaican Dancehall: An Analytical Response to the Inability to Recognize Female Sovereignty in Dancehall Leslie Fullerton 100 Deconstructing Ideas of Violence and Homophobia in Jamaica Sharifa Patel 117 Insecurity in Security: National Security in the Context of Tourism And Domestic Sustainment in the Caribbean Melissa Sobers 129 The Dismantlement of the Netherlands Antilles: Keywords: amber; williams
• YARA by Williams-King, Amber (2015) - :::::: 90 Amber Williams-King YARA : 11x14, acrylic and oil marker on canvas Keywords: amber
• TAMSIN & TIA by Williams-King, Amber (2015) - AMBER WILLIAMS-KING ART 91 TAMSIN & TIA: 18x24, acrylic and gold marker on canvas Keywords: amber

• Recreating Collective Memories of Africa in the Afro-Caribbean Diaspora: 'Spiritual Resistance' in Cuban Santería and Haitian Vodou by Martin Demers, Stephane (2022) - Still, African slaves used the orishas that they did retain to suit their present needs. Though short-lived, Mackandal’s Conspir- acy inspired slaves to congregate and collectively rebel in spaces free of the watchful eyes of planters. Keywords: african; afro; caribbean; religions; santería; slaves; vodou

• On the 32C(ulture) of Eglington by Persaud, Savitri (2012) - Nip, tuck, pluck sun-scorched skin Coloured hands knead white and wrinkled crocodile patches Sun ripened apricot mist veils The stench of burnt flesh Trophy wives in downward dog At the Village Yoga Not a love handle in sight Thank you Forest Hill Institute of Aesthetic Plastic Surgery Luxury sedans choke narrow streets Mercedes, Porsche, Audi Gleam as daylight kisses candy cherry paint Foiegras tickles and tingles the tongue Hoodwinked by prices Bistro Grande, Fusian, Il Mulino A pinnacle of conspicuous consumption Eglinton West Station Bathurst Forest Hill Village Posh boutiques litter clean streets Bottega Bertalucci, Segal, Tilli Rose Chartreuse, saffron, carmine silks Of haute couture made for blue eyes alone Throngs of spas fester with the privileged Bissa, Chakra, Franco’s Keywords: eglinton; gender; streets

• From the Ground Up by Williams, Tammy Ronique (2012) - I want to feel it is okay to hang my head over the railing hair blowing in the wind to be able to open my eyes under the Caribbean waters without your whips suppression to run free forgetting years of shackles and bare-bottomed lashes I want for you to know that man cannot take or repress the undaunted spirit rattling like a snake quiet, but coursing inside of me A movement which will continue to thrive to be celebrated. Tammy Ronique Williams – FROM THE GROUND UP 67 “From the Ground Up” Keywords: ground
• Yuh Mad Man! Lying Letters: Speculations on the Catalysts of Male Madness in Caribbean Literature by Anderson, Jan (2012) - I want to feel it is okay to hang my head over the railing hair blowing in the wind to be able to open my eyes under the Caribbean waters without your whips suppression to run free forgetting years of shackles and bare-bottomed lashes I want for you to know that man cannot take or repress the undaunted spirit rattling like a snake quiet, but coursing inside of me A movement which will continue to thrive to be celebrated. Tammy Ronique Williams – FROM THE GROUND UP 67 “From the Ground Up” Keywords: ground

• Wilson Harris and Human Alienation by Edwards, Duane (2013) - Harris on the Alienation from Nature Wilson Harris deals with many topics in his writings, including alienation. ..... 3 Wilson Harris and Human Alienation Duane Edwards Duane Edwards is a 3 rd year student at the University of Guyana reading for a degree in Sociology. Keywords: alienation; consciousness; ego; freedom; harris; human; nature; self; wilson

• River’s Edge by Henriques, Cletus (2013) - 221 Cover art for main edition: Cletus Henriques (c. 1927-1976) River’s Edge 1968 Oil on board 94 x 109 cm National Collection of Art, Guyana Image courtesy of the National Gallery of Art, Castellani House, Georgetown, Guyana Image Edited & Print - Kevin De Silva, Hamilton Choi Keywords: art
• Afro-Caribbean and Indigenous Religions as subject in Caribbean Art by Sanicharan, Rachelle (2022) - I will not be discuss- ing the multitude of religions that were practiced throughout the history of the Caribbean but I will be discussing the religions that are commonly referenced as being Caribbean religions, as well as religions that are most practiced in the Caribbean today. Some of these religious practices are the subject of Caribbean visual art. Keywords: art; caribbean; influence; obeah; practices; religion

• Circle of Interest by Musa, Khalid (2013) - Circle of Interest Khalid Musa I claim I’m not a poet but I can feel it in my bones I say I don’t carry pain but u can hear it in my tone And here I thought I was gonna get severance before they passed Here comes the World Bank to make things fair With so much restriction, might as well give me the money and cut off my air No oxygen, we’re left in our own country like hostage-men Now we are here in the modern day Where you can C slavery in a modern way Where the islands are commodified to cater to tourist’s desires in everyway Where my counterpart N I are seen as racialized hypersexual objects Where our job is to please and serve outsiders like royal subjects Poverty is @ an all-time high, unemployment is @ an all-time high, and misery is @ an all-time high Keywords: time

• The Dismantlement of the Netherlands Antilles: How Autonomy is More Viable than Independence by Baker, Cameron Wathey (2015) - The Charter was designed to grant Surinam and the Netherlands Antilles the rights to self-government while also remain part of the Kingdom of the Netherlands.14 The Charter defined foreign affairs, defense, citizenship, and safeguarding proper governmental administration as matters of interest that would be governed by the Kingdom.15 With final authority over these affairs, the Netherlands believed that they were ensuring good governance and fundamental human rights in the Netherlands Antilles and Surinam.16 Paul Sutton lists that good governance is recognized as having a “broad range of concerns focused on open, transparent and accountable government; efficient, effective and responsive administration; and respect for human rights and law.”17 Unlike Surinam, the option for political independence for Netherlands Antilles has never been popular. Keywords: aruba; caribbean; dutch; independence; islands; kingdom; netherlands; netherlands antilles

• Executive Team 2013-2014 by Executive Team, 2013-2014 (2015) - :::::: 229 The Caribbean Studies Student Union is comprised of every student enrolled in a Caribbean Studies course. CARSSU works closely with the Caribbean Studies department, its faculty and its professors to ensure that the program continues to grow. Keywords: executive

• The Validity of Patois: An analysis on the Linguistic and Cultural aspects of Jamaican Patois by Williams, Adriana (2020) - 72 The Validity of Patois: An analysis on the Linguistic and Cultural aspects of Jamaican Patois Adriana Williams The purpose of this essay is to debunk the dated Eurocentric notions that dismiss the significance of Jamaican Patois and to argue the validity of the language. I argue that Jamaican Patois is indeed a language, comprising of multiple linguistic components. Keywords: caribbean; jamaican; language; patois

• Table of Contents by Allens, David (2022) - Stephane Martin Demers Linguistic Representations of Black Characters in Cuban Fiction of the New Millennium…............................................................................................................... Catia Dignard In El Batey, My Father’s Foot Lit a Fire…............................................................ Sophie Maríñez Copla por la muerte de su padre …........................................................................ Poem upon the death of his father Urayoán Noel Afro-Caribbean and Indigenous Religions as subject in Caribbean Art …....... Rachelle Sanicharan Our Sponsors........................................................................................................... 82 90 97 111 113 115 122 (January 20, 2022 / 08:53:04) 122815-1b_CaribbeanQuilt_Vol6_rev.pdf .9 Indigeneity in the Caribbean Kalinago-European Alliances in the Seventeenth-Century Caribbean: Wavering Between Empire and Decolonization…....................................................... Stephane Martin Demers Exoticism, Exchange, and Early Indigenous-Colonial Relations in the 15th to 16th Century Caribbean…...................................................................................................... Akshay Dua Investigating Discourses of Indigeneity and Taino Survival in Jamaica…................ Keywords: caribbean; century

• As the Snow Melts before the Sunbeam: Writing the “Inevitable” Extinction of the Indigenous Peoples of the Americas by Mavalvala, Nasha (2015) - (Young, 18) Implicated in these statements are not only questions of numbers of Indigenous peoples but the designation of who is Indigenous. Maximilian Forte asserts that “Indigenous peoples have been ever vanishing, almost as if disappearance was their predetermined historical role” (Forte, 1). Keywords: american; caribbean; caribs; extinction; forte; indigenous; peoples

• Kalinago-European Alliances in the Seventeenth-Century Caribbean: Wavering Between Empire and Decolonization by Martin Demers, Stephane (2022) - Warner and Kalinago leaders allied with interisland Kalinago and African runaway slaves to ‘delimit’ European land expansion and halt European colonization. Born in the English island of Antigua to Sir Thomas Warner, the Governor of St. Kitts, and a Kalinago woman, Warner was considered an ‘Indian’. Keywords: europeans; kalinago; warner; whitehead

• Jean Rhys’s Wide Sargasso Sea and the Case of Post Colonial Haunting by Hemingway, Kathleen (2012) - While in Jane Eyre Bertha’s death is as marginal as her existence, with the sole purpose of clearing the way for Jane’s and Rochester’s marriage, in Wide Sargasso Sea, death represents Antoinette’s salvation from her colonial relationship with Rochester. In Wide Sargasso Sea Rochester describes Antoinette as “Creole of pure English descent” but “not English or European” (Rhys 56). Keywords: past; postcolonial; rhys; rochester

• Cocount Drive by Bridgelal, Pooran (2012) - Pooran Bridgelal was born and raised in Trinidad and now lives here in Toronto with his wife Judy and their son Levi. He is an avid collector of rare books and maps. Keywords: coconut

• “The Anglo-Blackxons & Indo-Anglo-Saxons” by Fullerton, Leslie-Ann (2013) - ..... 2 “The Anglo-Blackxons & Indo-Anglo-Saxons” Leslie-Ann Fullerton To all my fellow Anglo-Blackxons and Anglo-Indo-Saxons: We, who have been Stolen, Bribed, Beaten, Raped, and Bamboozled, We, who have been maliciously torn from our past like that of a tree from its roots, We, who have been educated with expensive Eurocentric values in Kindergarten Schools, Primary Schools, High Schools and Universities, We, who are now reproducing colonial values, norms, and beliefs; Beliefs alien to the message of our ancestors which run deep and rhythmic through our veins. We, who were forced to holla out a di top a wi lungs: “Gad Saav di Queen”! Keywords: anglo

• Paths to Decolonization in the French Caribbean: Aimé Césaire and Frantz Fanon by Galoustian, Naregh (2013) - ..... 143 Paths to Decolonization in the French Caribbean: Aimé Césaire and Frantz Fanon Naregh Galoustian Naregh Galoustian is a 4 th year student majoring in History and Political Science. In order to better understand this choice and its limits, historical and cultural developments will be explored by referring in broad terms to the thought of two Martinicans: Aimé Césaire and Frantz Fanon. Keywords: caribbean; césaire; decolonization; fanon; frantz; social; white

• “Metamorphoses” by Gurprasad, Tiffany (2013) - ..... 15 “Metamorphoses” Tiffany Gurprasad Tiffany Gurprasad is a practicing artist and a Dean's List scholar at the University of Toronto, majoring in Visual Studies and Caribbean Studies. In 2010, Tiffany curated the group show Tracing Sources at the University of Toronto Art Centre. Keywords: tiffany

• Egungun (CUBA RITMO) by Msingwana, Kwanza (2013) - o great spirit/ on our ways/ elegua/ shango/ whirling and prancing/ fancy step stepping in the middle/ with ogun perched on his broad shoulders/ while the rhythms of the bata/ okonkolo/ iya/ and itotele/ percolated above/ as sonorous kongas and tumba shook beneath/ emanating tremorous bliss that washed over us like ocean waves/ o feet please don’t fail me now/ He has also performed with poets Reg E. Gaines (from New York), U of T alumnus Dr. Afua Cooper, and David Robeson – grandson of Paul Robeson. Keywords: kwanza

• “The Blonde Woman’s Kitchen” by Patel, Sharifa (2013) - Where pink faced babies nuzzled up to the breasts of slave women. She is particularly interested in the historical effects of colonialism on women and how they persist today. Keywords: woman

• “On Affirmative Action” by Williams, Tammy Ronique (2013) - ..... 82 “On Affirmative Action” Tammy Ronique Williams Born in Moscow Russia and raised in Kingston Jamaica, Tammy Ronique Williams is a third year student at the University of Toronto. TAMMY RONIQUE WILLIAMS | ON AFFIRMATIVE ACTION 83 I am not your june plum, don’t pick at me for grasping my mother-tongue Keywords: action

• catch a fyah by Williams-King, Amber (2015) - :::::: 2 “catch a fyah” Amber Williams-King historical propaganda stolen memoranda bloodied baptizer genocide disguiser violence infester silenced ancestor grave-yard ships drowning lips sunken voices phantom noises beaten drums timely hums roaring hunger swallowed thunder rebel armour sage and farmer maroon runnah badman gunnah AMBER WILLIAMS-KING| CATCH A FYAH 3 sistah sistah mistah mistah ghetto guerrilla slum-born Attila stone slinger sword swinger spirit fightah freedom writah hope ignitah spark a lightah son and daughtah blood and fyah set the world ablaze! Keywords: fyah

• Letter from the Editors by Baker, Jesse (2015) - This journal began with the hope of facilitating a space, outside the classroom, where students could express their ideas as well as engage in discourses that they felt were important in regards to the Caribbean and its diaspora. With over 20 pieces, this year’s publication features the work of undergraduate, masters and PhD students all engaged in challenging, at various levels, the histories, realities, and varying narratives that colour and layer the Caribbean region. Keywords: pieces

• “Immigrant Skies” by Williams-King, Amber (2015) - Here, stars are all fallen knights imprisoned by street lamps and concrete walls, cocooned in expired posters and stale graffiti. There are no sparkling sapphire nights, no constellations to connect the images AMBER WILLIAMS-KING| IMMIGRANT SKIES 32 of childhood dreams birthed on Islands; only a dull orange haze hanging low in the distance and a lot of people who never look up because there’s nothing to see. Keywords: immigrant

• SIENNA by Williams-King, Amber (2015) - CARIBBEAN QUILT | 2013 92 SIENNA: 11X14, acrylic and oil marker on canvas panel Keywords: panel

• “REQUIEM” by Williams-King, Amber (2015) - I From grave ships they leap Black diamonds with glassy eyes Ghosts beneath the sea II Pulled by the moon’s song Spirits dance on swaying tides Bodies dip, ebb rise :::::: 216 “Requiem” Amber Williams-King (in haiku) Keywords: rise

• Cover art for Main Edition by Williams, Tammy; Hasnain, Samra (2015) - Photographer: Tammy Williams Image Edited: Samra Hasnain 228 Cover art for main edition Keywords: samra

• In El Batey, My Father’s Foot Lit a Fire by Maríñez, Sophie (2017) - A B S T R A C T Keywords: Caribbean Literature, Haiti, Migration Studies, Domini- can literature, República Domini- cana, Haitian-Dominican Relations B I O Sophie Maríñez is a Mellon/ACLS Fellow and a Professor of French at the Borough of Manhattan Community College and The Graduate Center, City University of New York. In El Batey, My Father’s Foot Lit a Fire Sophie Maríñez Professor of French Borough of Manhattan Community College First published in The Caribbean Writer Volume 31 New Vistas: An Evolving Caribbean (2017): 91-93. Keywords: father; fire

• After Peter Doig’s “Music of the Future” by Mulholland, Joseph (2022) - A B S T R A C T Keywords: Poetry, Poems about Painting, Contempo- rary Painting, Peter Doig B I O Joseph Mulholland is a poet and visual artist from Albuquerque, New Mexico. By Joseph Mulholland (January 20, 2022 / 09:38:52) 122864-1b_CaribbeanQuilt_Vol7_rev.pdf .129 Keywords: painting

• Copla por la muerte de su padre : Poem upon the death of his father by Noel, Urayoán (2022) - Copla por la muerte de su padre Poem upon the death of his father Urayoán Noel New York University Professor of English and Spanish and Portuguese In this self-translated bilingual poem, Puerto Rican poet Urayoán Noel reflects on life and death in the Caribbean from a contemporary diasporic perspective, recasting the 15th-century Castilian poet Jorge Manrique and his famous version of the copla verse form A B S T R A C T Keywords: poetry, bilingual, self-translation, Puerto Rican, Caribbean, death, father, copla B I O Urayoán Noel is a writer, performer, and translator from Río Piedras, Puerto Rico. Urayoán Noel lives in the Bronx, teaches at New York University, and is a board member of the Clemente Soto Vélez Cultural and Educational Center. Keywords: urayoán

• Decolonizing the Body: Resistance in the Queer, Femme Caribbean: Resistance in the Queer, Femme Caribbean by Vidal Valdespino, Maria Paula (2023) - https://www-taylorfrancis-com.myaccess.library.utoronto.ca/chapters/mono/10.4324/9780203338087-2/introduction-thinking caribbean-kamala-kempadoo?context=ubx Kempadoo, K. “Past Studies, New Directions: Constructions and Reconstructions of Caribbean Sexuality”. She is majoring in Critical Studies in Equity and Solidarity with two minors in Sociology, and Women and Gender Studies. KEYWORDS: Keywords: caribbean; sexuality

Epilogue

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Created: 2025-12-23