id	author	title	date	pages	extension	mime	words	sentence	flesch	summary	cache	txt
caste-29	Umar, Sanober	The Identity of Language and the Language of Erasure: Urdu and the Racialized- Decastification of the "Backward Musalmaan" in India	2020	25	.pdf	application/pdf	13510	500	44	‘Traditional professions’ that lower caste Muslims had practised in the qasbas (market oriented towns of the gentry/Nawabs) of Lucknow such as rickshaw pullers, tongawallas (carriage drivers), ghasals (those who bathe dead bodies), gorkuns (undertakers) pheriwalaas (roaming vendors), brass band players, kaanmailiya (ear wax fixers), malishiya (massagers), weavers in traditional zardozi and chikankari handicrafts, leather tanners and even hijras (hermaphrodites/eunuchs ) witnessed an accelerated decline in their professions as they lost their patronage as protected and recognised groups working for elite Muslim local cultural economies when the country transitioned from a colonial to a post-colonial economy (Hasnain, 2016). Mohammed Shahabuddin Querishi, a resident of the severely neglected Ballochpura mohalla in Lucknow, populated by mostly Dalit-Muslims remembered: Unlike elite Muslims, the Partition was never an incentive for us to migrate to Pakistan as our local business [as butchers] was here, and we did not want the stigma of muhajirs29 in addition to being lower caste Muslims there.	cache/caste-29.pdf	txt/caste-29.txt