SOCIAL IMPACTS OF MODERNIZATION ON THE TAPPERS: A STUDY ON AHMAD TOHARI'S BEKISAR MERAH Supannanl Abstract: The Mimetic and interdisciplinary approach covering economy. history. culture. and ecology used in this research are mainly aimed at revealing the social impacts of modernization on the tappers as reflected in Ahmad Tohari's Bekisar Merah. The analysis shows that modernization does not only cause positive impacts but also negative one. which are even stronger. The bad . impacts include monopoly. human and cultural conflict. imbalanced ecology. poverty, disharmony. violation of law, materialistic life. less religiosity. drop outs; and migration. The positive impacts include independence. adaptation, rationalil)i and efficiency. The problems appear in the novel reflects the inner conflict of the author. Ahmad Tohari questions the ideas of the coming of the electricil)' set in Karangsoga village. Modernization can only be enjoyed by the upper class of the society. It cannot meet the necessity of the traditional people. The tappers cannot enjoy the electricil)~ even more. it causes misery alld poverty. Key Words: modernization. tappers. social impacts. electrification Drs. Suparman, S.s. M.Hum. is an alunmae from the English Department of Sebelas Maret University in Surakarta (1997) and _ the American Studies Graduate Program of Gadjah Mada University in Yogyakarta (2005). He currently dedicates himself to being the Managing Editor of Jurnal Sastra dan Bahasa and the Secretary of the Faculty of English Letters at STAIN Surakarta (2006 -now). Suparman, Social Impacts of Modernization on the Tappers 67 CONCLUSION Modernization has changed all ways of life of Karangsoga tappers .. The form of modernization in Bekisar Meral! is the introduction of electrification. It brings about great changes in the society especially the tappers of Karangsoga. The changes can include all aspects of life, but they primarily shape social aspects of traditional people-the tappers. It shapes the behavior of the tappers in the society. Electrification in Bekisar Meral! does not only cause positive impacts, but also negative ones, which are stronger. The negative impacts include human and cultural conflict, imbalanced ecology, poverty, disharmony, greediness. The positive impacts include adaptation, the introduction of new technology, and efficiency. The problems in the novel reflect the inner conflict of the author, Ahmad Tohari. He questions the ideas of the coming of the electrification on the traditional tappers. Ideally, the coming of modernization should maximize the positive impacts and minimize the negative ones. BIBLIOGRAPHY Abraham. Francis. Modemisasi di Dllnia Ketiga. Translated by M. Rusli Karim. Yogyakarta: Tiara Wacana, 1991. Abrams. MH. The Mirror of the Lamp: Romalltic Theory alld Critical Tradition. New York: Oxford University Press. 1979. Bradbury. Malcom E. Macfarlane. Modemism. New York: Penguin Book. 1976. Burns. Tom and Elizabeth. Sociology of Literature alld Drama. Great Britain: C.Nichol1s and Company Ltd. 1973. Harrison, David. The Sociology of Modemization alld Development. London: Unwin Hyman Ltd. 1988. Hidayat. Zu1yani. Modemisasi dan Pellgaruhll),a terhadap System Pertallian di Yogyakarta. Jakarta: Dekdikbud Dirjen Jakarta. 1994. Holman. C Hugh. A Handbook to Literature. 4'" edition. USA: Merrill Company. Inc. 1981. Jamee1ah. M. Islam and Western Society: Arefutation of the Modem Way of Life. India: Adam Publisher and Distributors. 1966. 68 Celt, Volume7.Numbcr I.July 2007: 51-68 Kreuttzmann. Herman. "From Modernization Theory towards the Clash of Civilizations': Directions and Paradigs Shifts in Samuel Huntington's analysis and Prognosis of Global Development". In GeojournalVol. 46. Netherlands: K1uwer Academic Publisher. 1998: 225-265. Long. Norman. Sosiologi Pembangunan Pedesaan. Jakarta: P.T. BinaAksara •. 1987. Mansyur. Cholil. Sosiologi Masyarakat Kota dall Desa. Surabaya: Usana Offset Printing. 1998. PPPB team (Pusat Pembina dan Pengembangan Bahasa). Kanlus Besar Bahasa Indonesia. Jakarta: Balai Pustaka, 1994. Saadah. Sri. Masyarakat Petani. Matapencaharian Sambilan dan Kesempalan Kerja di Kelurahan CakuIlg Tlmur Daerah Khusus Ibukota Jakarta. Jakarta: Depdikbub, 1990. Smith, H.N. Can American Studies Develop a Method ill Studies in American Cullure". Edited by Joseph J. Kwiat and Marry C. Turpie. USA: University of Minnesota, 1980. Sugono, I>!ndy. Ensiklopedia SaSlra Indonesia. Bandung: PT. Rosdakarya. 2003. Tohari, Ahmad. Bekisar Merall. Jakarta: PT.Gramcdia, 1993. Tohari. Ahmad. Sastra dan Budaya Islam Nusalltara. Yogyakarta: SMF Adab lAIN Sunan Kalijaga, 1998. . Weiner. Myron, ed. Modernisasi Dinamika Pertumbuhan. Yogyakarta: Universitas Gadjah Mada Press. 1977. Wunlu, Ceisy Nita. "Wilderness Versus Civilization as Reflected in Cooper's The Last of Mohicans and the Prairie". In Journal Berkala BPPS .. Yogyakarta: Universitas Gadj8h Mada Press, 1996. logo: