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This journal is published by the University Library System of the University of Pittsburgh as part  

of its D-Scribe Digital Publishing Program and is cosponsored by the University of Pittsburgh Press. 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 
 

 

 

 

Molecular and Genetic Research in 

Tuberculosis Clinical Practice and 

Epidemiology 

 

Bahytkul Zhakipbayeva, Sholpan 

Beisembayeva, Talgat Muminov  

 
Department of Epidemiology, 
Asfendiyarov Kazakh National Medical 
University, Almaty, Kazakhstan 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Vol. 3, Suppl. (2014)   |   ISSN 2166-7403 (online)    

DOI 10.5195/cajgh.2014.182   |   http://cajgh.pitt.edu 

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ZHAKIPBAYEVA 

 

 

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 United States License. 

 

This journal is published by the University Library System of the University of Pittsburgh as part  

of its D-Scribe Digital Publishing Program and is cosponsored by the University of Pittsburgh Press. 

 

Central Asian Journal of Global Health 

Volume 3, Suppl. (2014)  |  ISSN 2166-7403 (online)  |  DOI 10.5195/cajgh.2014.182  |  http://cajgh.pitt.edu 

  

 

Abstract 

Introduction. Tuberculosis (TB) remains a global public health problem. In order for multi-drug resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) 

to be more effectively managed, there is a need for better tools for diagnosis, treatment, and prevention. The decline of TB incidence 

and mortality in Kazakhstan during last decade was accompanied with consistent growth of MDR-TB. This study aimed to 

investigate genotype characteristics of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MT) isolated from TB patients from different regions of the 

country and its clinical and epidemiological significance. 

Methods. Over 500 clinical MT isolates from pulmonary TB patients between 2003-2008 were genotyped using spoligotyping, 

MIRU-VNTR, IS6110 RFLP, and hybridization on an oligonucleotide biochip “TB–biochip.” 

Results. Out of  250 isolates with interpretable results, 31 different spoligopatterns were detected. The Beijing genotype was the 

most predominant lineage detected (71.6%), characterized by heterogenicity on ETR A, B, C, D, and E markers, and 56.6% of 

them had an allelic profile 42435. The Beijing genotype and dominating variant strains have a high transmission rate, a high rate 

of primary MDR (associated with infiltrating lung TB and complications), and a high level resistance to rifampicin and izoniazid 

due to mutation of rpoB531TTG and katG315ACC. MIRU-VNTR–typing by 15 loci of 33 isolates from 13 family TB foci revealed 

that strains from supposed sources and contact persons completely coincide in only 5 foci in the genomic structure. 

Conclusion. There is a heterogeneous pool of genotypes that circulate in Kazakhstan, with the Beijing lineage being the most 

predominant. It appears that at the present stage of circulation , MT Beijing genotype has an endemic character. However, clonal 

spreading of epidemiologically and clinically significant MDR strains of this genotype is also a serious threat to the population. To 

increase TB control efficiency and prevent further transmission, it is necessary to compile a modern countrywide system of 

microbiological monitoring for the agent by use of a computer bank of spoligotyping and MIRU-VNTR-typing profiles of 

circulating strains. 

Keywords: tuberculosis, drug resistance, genotype 

 

 

 

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