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Role of ‘One Stop Crisis Centre’ in 

Identifying and Assisting Victims 

of Violence in an Indian Health 

Care Setup 

 

 

Prachi Verma1*, Payal Puri2, 

Dhruv Sharma2, Shreya Singh2 

 

 
1School of Management Studies, Punjabi 
University, Patiala, India; 
2District Hospital, Panchkula, India 
 
*Corresponding author 

 

Vol. 9, No. 1 (2020)   |   ISSN 2166-7403 (online)  

DOI 10.5195/cajgh.2020.297   |   http://cajgh.pitt.edu 

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Abstract 

Introduction: Cases of female targeted violence often go uncounted in India. To identify the unreported cases of violence, Sukoon 

was established in 2014 as a hospital-based ‘One Stop Crisis Centre’ (OSCC). Sukoon provides counselling, police assistance and 

legal aid to the victims. The aim of the present study was to recognize the role of Sukoon in preventing violence against women 

(VAW) in the region. 

Methods: Secondary data was extracted from 430 victims who approached Sukoon from August 2014 through January 2017. Data 

was collected on different variables: age, marital status, nature of violence, medium through which victims approached Sukoon 

and type of assistance provided. Significance of association of studied factors with the type of assault was investigated using χ2 

test. 

Results: Age of study-victims ranged from 4 to 75 years with a median age of 26 years and mean age of 27.61 years with standard 

deviation of 10.56 years. Major types of VAW (96.51%) were domestic violence, sexual assault, physical assault and poisoning. 

The types of violences were significantly associated with victims’ age (χ2 =5.76, d.f.=1, p<0.05) and marital status (χ2 = 98.23, 

d.f=4, p<0.001). About 78% of victims were identified from Sukoon through screening and counseling. Around 69% of the cases 

were resolved directly by Sukoon or through police assistance. 

Conclusion: The above results indicate a significant role of Sukoon in screening victims of violence and providing them required 

assistance within the hospital environment in one location. Such centers should be further promoted by the government to address 

the issues of VAW. 

Keywords: Violence against women; Victims of violence; One Stop Crisis Centre; Screening; North India  

Role of ‘One Stop Crisis Centre’ in 

Identifying and Assisting Victims of 

Violence in an Indian Health Care 

Setup 

 

 

 

Prachi Verma1, Payal Puri2, Dhruv 

Sharma2, Shreya Singh2 

 

 
1School of Management Studies, Punjabi 
University, Patiala, India; 
2District Hospital, Panchkula, India 
 

Research 

The Indian culture is male dominated, and 

violence is used as a power to control and discipline 

women1. It is estimated that almost 35% of females 

experience abuse to physical, social and psychological 

violence at some point of life2. Domestic violence is 

especially prevalent in Indian society and usually, most 

of the violence is inflicted by husbands to control their 

wives3. Major risk factors include, alcohol consumption 

by husbands, poor socioeconomic status, lower level of 

education, harassment for dowry4, family history of 

violence, age, marriage, size & type of family, culture 

and caste5-7. Domestic violence in India is believed to be 

an individual’s personal issue8. Thus, it is usually 

accepted and allowed to become a norm of married life 

or a husband’s right9. Various social stigmas and 

psychological indoctrination of the society prevent 

women from seeking any help, according to studies 

conducted in other countries9-14. About 75-86% of the 

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women in India do not report that they are victims of 

violence15. According to the report from National Crime 

Records Bureau (NCRB)16, crime against women in India 

rose to 55.2% in 2016. The crimes included cases of 

cruelty by husband or his relatives (32.6%), followed by 

sexual assault (25.0%), kidnapping (19.0%) and rape 

(11.5%)16. Violence against women (VAW) is a growing 

problem in India but varies across the regions. The state 

of Haryana has the sixth highest rate of crime against 

women as per the latest NCRB 2016 data16. According to 

National Family Health Survey Report, about 34% of the 

women in Haryana aged 15-49 years17 have experienced 

physical or sexual violence. Of this, only 14% have ever 

sought any help regarding the abuse17. 

India’s first hospital-based crisis center was 

established in 2001 by the Center for Enquiry into Health 

and Allied Themes (CEHAT) at the KB Bhabha Hospital, 

Bandra. It is named Dilaasa, which means ‘reassurance’, 

and is broadly accepted as the Dilaasa Model18,19.  

The success of the Dilaasa Model laid the 

foundation for developing ‘One Stop Crisis Centres’ in 

India by the Ministry of Women and Child 

Development20 in 2013-2014. In Haryana, the hospital-

based ‘One Stop Crisis Centre’ was named Sukoon. Its 

aim was to offer shelter along with police, legal, medical 

and counseling services to victims of violence under one 

roof— incorporated with a 24-hours operational, public, 

police and Sukoon helpline20. After screening victims of 

violence, further help is given only after the victim 

provides consent. If the victim complains of sexual 

assault or attempted rape, screening of the victims is done 

according to the ‘Safe kit’ developed by CEHAT21. The 

formally trained counselors by CEHAT play a key role in 

coordinating and managing all the activities of Sukoon. 

They instill confidence and support victims, provide 

assistance in seeking justice and coordinate between 

victim, hospital, police and legal cell at each step. 

Families of the victims are also called to Sukoon, and 

discussions are held by the staff to identify the reasons 

leading to violence. Trained counselors hold sessions 

with victims and their families for various time periods. 

If families give some positive response, and no further 

violence is reported by the victim in follow up sessions 

up to one year later and no legal help of any kind was 

sought by the case, then the case is deemed as resolved. 

In cases where families were not cooperative, police have 

to be contacted by the Sukoon staff to intervene in the 

matter. As per the policy of the Sukoon, for cases which 

are considered to be resolved, victims are still contacted 

by the counselors at frequent intervals to check for further 

acts of violence up to one year. After this, if required, 

victims can approach Sukoon anytime for further 

assistance. 

To study the role of Sukoon in identifying and 

assisting the victims of violence, this study was 

conducted with three objectives. First, to identify the 

various categories of assaults experienced by the victims. 

Second, to find out the various ways through which 

victims were approaching Sukoon, and third, to identify 

type and status of help received by the victims through 

Sukoon. 

 

Methods 

Sukoon maintains regular computerized records 

of victims. All registered victims approached Sukoon 

through helpline numbers, were identified from the local 

district hospital, or brought to Sukoon by police. We 

obtained the records of the center for a period of 2.5 years 

from August 1, 2014 to January 31, 2017 for this study. 

During the above period, 430 victims were registered 

with the center to use the OSCC services. While 

collecting data from the records of Sukoon, adequate 

confidentiality was maintained and accordingly, 

identities of the victims were not disclosed to the public. 

This study was approved by the Hospital Ethics 

Committee. For study purposes, the categorization of 

victims has been explained under various headings, as 

given below. 

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Domestic Violence: It is the physical abuse of females 

within a domestic setting. It may involve physical beating 

or verbal, emotional, economic and religious abuse. 

Sexual Assault: This is an act in which a female is 

physically abused against her will in any environment. It 

may include sexual touching, kissing, fondling or 

attempted rape. 

Physical Assault: Any physical attack on a female outside 

the domestic setting is termed as physical assault. It may 

be done by an individual or a group of people. It may 

include pushing, stalking, threatening or harming with a 

weapon. 

Poisoning: A condition where the victim has been given 

poison as a result of any type of assault with the intention 

to kill her. 

Burn: Where an attempt has been made to burn the victim 

using any flammable substance by the abusing person. 

Attempted Suicide: A situation where a victim tries to 

end her life by consuming poison or any other means but 

has survived. 

Others: This category includes any other type of violence 

which is not included above but present in the society, 

e.g. acid attack, trafficking, etc. 

Statistical Analysis 

Victims were categorized in 5 major categories: 

type of violence experienced, age, marital status, source 

of entry into the Sukoon Centre and agency involved in 

resolving the violence-case. The collected data was then 

analyzed using statistical software SPSS 20. As the data  

is categorical, Pearson’s Chi square test was used to look 

at the relationship between two pairs of variables. The 

analysis focused on identifying major types of assaults, 

studying the role of variables, and investigating the 

agencies involved in resolving a violence case. 

Significance of association of studied factors with type of 

assault was investigated using χ2 test due to large sample 

size. Yates has suggested a correction for continuity in χ2 

value in case of 2x2 tables, preferably when cell 

frequencies are smaller than 5; this is popularly known as 

the Yates correction. Thus, to apply the χ2 test at places 

where cell frequencies were less than 5, either the 

required number of rows and columns were clubbed 

together or the well-known Yates correction for 2x2 

contingency tables was employed to the test. Because 18 

is the cut off point for categorizing an individual as a 

minor or major, victims were divided into 2 groups: 

below 18 years (as a minor) and above 18 years for 

studying the association of age with the types of violence. 

 

Results 

Victims (N=430) were first categorized into 

different groups, based on the type of violence. On 

further analysis (Table 1), it was found that a large 

number of victims, had experienced domestic violence 

(46.51%), followed by sexual assault (21.86%), 

poisoning (16.28%), burn (1.63%), other miscellaneous 

type of violence (1.16%) and suicide (0.70%).  

Violence type Violence cases studied Percentage Cumulative Percentage 

Domestic violence 200 46.51 46.51 

Sexual violence 94 21.86 68.37 

Physical assault 51 11.86 80.23 

Poisoning 70 16.28 96.51 

Suicide 3 0.70 97.21 

Burn 7 1.63 98.84 

Miscellaneous 5 1.16 100.00 

Total 430 100.0  

Table 1. Types of violence against women (VAW) amongst women approaching Sukoon Centre 

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Age and marital status were hypothesized to be 

associated with the type of assault, and they were 

investigated using χ2 test (Tables 2 and 3). Age of study-

victims ranged from 4 to 75 years with a median age of 

26 years and mean age of 27.61 years with standard 

deviation of 10.56 years; the age-frequency curve was 

found to be asymmetrical. The majority (92.72%) of 

victims were adults (over the age of 18). In this category, 

most cases of assaults were of domestic violence 

(49.63%), followed by sexual assault (17.87%), 

poisoning (16.87%) and physical assault (12.41%). 

Minors (below 18 years of age) in the sample studied 

were the minority (6.28%) and a great majority of them 

had suffered from sexual assault (81.48%), followed by 

poisoning (7.42%) and then other assaults (Table 2). 

Analysis further revealed that the types of violence that 

occurred to women were significantly associated with 

their age (χ2=5.76, d.f.=1, p<0.05). 

Violence type 
Minors (below 18 years old) 

n (%) 

Adults (18 years and older) 

n (%) 

Domestic violence 0 (0) 200 (49.63) 

Sexual violence 22 (81.48) 72 (17.87) 

Physical assault 1 (3.70) 50 (12.41) 

Poisoning 2 (7.42) 68 (16.87) 

Suicide 0 (0) 3 (0.74) 

Burn 1 (3.70) 6 (1.49) 

Miscellaneous 1 (3.70) 4 (0.99) 

Total 27 (100.0) 403 (100.0) 

Table 2. Violence against women (VAW) by age amongst women approaching Sukoon Centre

Out of 430 victims, 70.23% were married and 

the remainder (29.77%) were unmarried (Table 3). 

Among the married victims, domestic violence was the 

most common type of assault (58.94%), followed by 

physical assault (13.24%) and then poisoning (10.60%). 

Among the unmarried victims, sexual assault was the  

main type of assault (48.44%), followed by poisoning 

(19.53%) and then domestic violence (17.19%). The 

women’s marital status was found to be significantly 

associated with their types of assaults (χ2=98.23, d.f.=4, 

p<0.001). 

Violence type 
Married 

n (%) 

Unmarried 

n (%) 

Domestic violence 178 (58.94) 22 (17.19) 

Sexual violence 32 (10.60) 62 (48.44) 

Physical assault 40 (13.24) 11 (8.59) 

Poisoning 45 (14.91) 25 (19.53) 

Suicide 2 (0.66) 1 (0.78) 

Burn 3 (0.99) 4 (3.13) 

Miscellaneous 2 (0.66) 3 (2.34) 

Total 302 (100.0) 128 (100.0) 

Table 3. Violence against women (VAW) by marital status among women approaching Sukoon Centre

  

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Table 4 shows that out of 430 violence cases, a 

great majority of the cases (69.30%) were resolved either 

by Sukoon directly (35.58%) or with police intervention 

(33.72%). In some cases, Sukoon also helped victims by 

providing legal aid. There were 8.61% of victims who 

received justice through legal courts under the guidance 

of Sukoon. Despite all this, a considerable number of 

violence cases were still pending in the courts of law 

(22.09%) at the time of the end of the study. Of the 430 

victims, 334 (77.67%) were identified by the doctors 

from hospitals and referred to Sukoon after examining 

them. Fifty-six cases (13.02%) approached Sukoon 

through the available helpline numbers, and 40 cases 

(9.30%) were referred to Sukoon as medico-legal cases 

(Table 4). When the status of the association between 

sources of victims and intervening agencies for resolving 

violence cases was tested, it was found to be statistically 

significant (χ2=58.74, d.f.=6, p<0.001).

Intervening agencies 

Sources of Victims  

Sukoon got as a 

medico-legal case 

n (%) 

By Sukoon directly 

n (%) 

Through screening & 

counseling by Sukoon 

n (%) 

Total 

n (%) 

Resolved through 

Sukoon 
1 (2.50) 17 (30.36) 135 (40.42) 153 (35.58) 

Resolved through court 

of law 
9 (22.50) 8 (14.28) 20 (5.99) 37 (8.60) 

Resolved through police 8 (20.00) 14 (25.00) 123 (36.83) 145 (33.72) 

Cases still pending 22 (55.00) 17 (30.36) 56 (16.76) 95 (22.09) 

Total 40 (100.0) 56 (100.0) 334 (100.0) 430 (100.0) 

Table 4. Intervening agencies in resolving cases of violence against women (VAW) vis-à-vis their sources of information 

Discussion 

Continuous efforts are made by the Central and 

the State Governments to empower women, but violence 

still remains one of the most pressing problems in India. 

Victims are often uneducated women from low socio-

economic status, which increases their possibility of 

visiting a public hospital. Dealing with cases of violence 

is a part of healthcare services, and screening of victims 

should be a routine practice. In already overcrowded 

Indian hospitals this may often prove challenging. 

Screening procedures in a hospital increase the 

possibility of identifying victims of domestic violence,22 

and it is already accepted by women in Indian healthcare 

settings23. In cases of injury, victims often report to 

hospitals for medical aid, however, violence resulting in 

minor injuries often go unreported. A health care system 

can be a safe and secure environment for women 

suffering from violence, where they can disclose their 

experience with confidentiality. The results of the present 

paper further support the idea of institutional screening 

and providing support to victims, thus proving that health 

care systems (hospitals) play a crucial role in response to 

VAW24. Doctors often play a leading role in early 

identification of VAW, supportive responses, clinical 

care, and referrals as per the need of the victim25. The 

victims of intimate partner violence trust healthcare 

specialists in disclosure of abuse26. However, the lack of 

knowledge, practices and support services on the issue 

makes this challenging27. Proper training of health care 

providers can create a change in their attitude and 

practices in addressing cases of assault28. The large 

number of cases identified through Sukoon further 

support the presence of OSCC in hospitals for screening 

and counseling of victims. The Dilaasa Model also 

proved that the presence of an OSCC along with active 

screening has helped in early detection of domestic 

violence19. In this study, age and marital status were 

found to be the possible risk factors of the types of 

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violence seen, which is similar to the results reported by 

Babu and Kar29. Paul studied the role of socioeconomic 

factors which were responsible for seeking help by 

women victims of violence emphasized the role of age, 

education and religion in seeking formal or informal help 

against violence30. In India, victims while seeking help 

preferred informal sources like family, neighbors or 

friends as compared to seeking help from formal sources 

like police, doctors or lawyers. Contrary to this, most 

cases (77.7%) came to Sukoon through counseling and 

screening of the victims from the hospital, which further 

highlights hesitation of victims in reporting cases of 

violence. Researchers have proved that victims receiving 

institutional support reported less violence by their 

husbands in their follow up visits31. This emphasizes the 

need for counseling and awareness among the victims of 

violence for proper help and advice to fight against 

violence. Further, a considerable number of cases were 

provided help by the police (33.7%). Dealing with 

violence is a teamwork which requires proper 

coordination at various levels, and every case needs a 

different approach to help the victim to fight against 

violence. The delay in the settlement of cases shows that 

justice to the victims at the level of judiciary in India is 

still quite slow. The high number of court cases still 

pending demonstrate a delay in the judicial process due 

to various reasons. The Sukoon Crisis Centre also faces 

some challenges in meeting the needs of victims. There 

is a need for separate counseling rooms at the Centre to 

attend different victims at the same time and maintain 

their privacy. Counselors face a major problem if 

repeated calls have to be made to the police for any type 

of intervention. Sometimes, doctors do not refer victims 

to the OSCC due to a huge rush of patients. Many times, 

victims of violence do not want to go back to their homes. 

In such situations, provisions should be made for 

temporary stay-arrangements at shelter homes. Some 

initial financial aid should be provided to the victims 

until the case is taken up or transferred to some other 

authority. 

This study has helped in highlighting the 

relevance of OSCCs in assisting the victims of violence 

along with the problems associated with the functioning 

of these centers. But the study has certain limitations 

also, as the results of this study are based on the data from 

only one hospital of Haryana and do not represent the 

success of all OSCCs in general. However, the success of 

other OSCCs will differ according to the availability of 

services and experts in each hospital. Also, the time taken 

to solve each case is not included in the study, and thus, 

it is not possible to comment upon this aspect. Further 

studies with wider samples and demographics are 

required along with the feedback from the victims so as 

to ascertain problems they face at various levels, which 

would help in effective functioning of the OSCCs. 

Sukoon provides support to the victim at various 

levels, which includes providing emergency treatment, 

followed by treatment to mitigate potentially long-lasting 

effects of the violence in later stages of life and educating 

the victims on violence and how to advocate for 

themselves against any type of violence. 

To address the problem of domestic violence 

more efficiently, concrete changes are required in 

education and clinical systems. Measures to deal with 

violence cases ought to be formally included in the study 

curriculum of medicine and to make screening and 

reporting cases of violence a part of their responsibility. 

Domestic violence cannot be curbed by a single specialty 

of experts— it is a teamwork requiring the skills of 

different fields, including government policies, hospitals, 

non-government organizations, police, lawyers and 

judges. They should be trained in their respective 

domains to address cases of violence.  

To help the doctors in the screening of VAW, a 

representative of Sukoon (counselor) should be posted in 

the outpatient door area (OPD) to facilitate referral of 

victims to Sukoon. Along with doctors, nurses can also 

play a significant role in dealing with domestic violence 

cases within hospitals, as they are the people who are in 

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direct contact with patients for the longest period of time, 

especially in the hospital area. 

Helping a victim of violence at Sukoon needs 

coordination between various agencies like police, 

doctors and lawyers. This often leads to unnecessary 

delay of the process at various steps. Thus, a time limit 

should be decided for helping all cases of violence. Any 

delay at a certain point should be documented with valid 

reasons. A strong partnership between a non-government 

organizations and healthcare workers is required for 

OSCCs29. Victims should be motivated during follow up 

to make other females aware of such centers and bring 

any female there if she is experiencing any kind of  

violence. 

Results of this study justify that hospitals can be 

an ideal place to identify victims of violence and as such, 

there is a need to establish more OSCCs at hospitals of 

various levels with their regular monitoring and 

evaluation. Screening and attending to the victims within 

the hospital can be a positive approach in identifying and 

helping them. A regular teaching and training program, 

along with spreading awareness regarding violence, 

should be an important activity of every OSCC for 

women.  

 

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CENTRAL ASIAN JOURNAL OF GLOBAL HEALTH 

 

 

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 United States License. 

 

This journal is published by the University Library System of the University of Pittsburgh as part  

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Central Asian Journal of Global Health 

Volume 9, No. 1 (2020) | ISSN 2166-7403 (online) | DOI 10.5195/cajgh.2020.297 | http://cajgh.pitt.edu 

 

 

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