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Frequency of NAT2 and GSTP1 

polymorphisms in the Kazakh 

population 

 

Aisha Iskakova1, Aliya 

Romanova1, Elena Zholdybayeva1, 

Erlan Ramanculov2, Kuvat 

Momynaliev1 

 
1National Center for Biotechnology, 

Astana, Kazakhstan; 2Nazarbayev 

University, Astana, Kazakhstan 

 

 

Vol. 2, Suppl. (2013)   |   ISSN 2166-7403 (online)    

DOI 10.5195/cajgh.2013.83   |   http://cajgh.pitt.edu 

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ISKAKOVA 

 

 

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 United States License. 

 

This journal is published by the University Library System of the University of Pittsburgh as part  

of its D-Scribe Digital Publishing Program and is cosponsored by the University of Pittsburgh Press. 

 

Central Asian Journal of Global Health 

Volume 2, Suppl. (2013)  |  ISSN 2166-7403 (online)  |  DOI 10.5195/cajgh.2013.83  |  http://cajgh.pitt.edu 

  

 

Abstract 

Introduction: Phase II xenobiotic biotransformation enzymes perform detoxification of hydrophilic and often toxic Phase I 

products through glutathionetransferase (GST), UDP-glucuronosyltransferase (UDF), N-acetyltransferase (NAT) families and 

other enzymes. GST protein families metabolize a large number of electrophilic xenobiotics, by conjugating fusing them with 

glutathione. Arylamine-N-acetyltransferase (NAT) catalyzes the acetylation of the aromatic and heterocyclic amines. 

Materials and methods: This study assesses the frequency of NAT2 and GSTP1 gene polymorphisms in 326 healthy individuals 

from different regions of Kazakhstan by using Real-Time PCR and direct sequencing methods. 

Results: The allele frequencies were calculated for NAT2*5 (0.54) and GSTP1 (0.27). GSTP1 alleles were in the Hardy–

Weinberg equilibrium (p > 0.05), while NAT2*5 (p = 0.00) were not. The population differences between North, Northeast and 

South Kazakhstan regions were also analyzed. No statistically significant differences in the frequency of genotypes were found. 

Conclusion: Allelic polymorphisms of NAT2*5 and GSTP1 genes greatly varied indifferent populations. The Kazakh population 

was significantly different from the Asian, Caucasoid, African-American and Hispanic populations by NAT2*5 and GSTP1 

genes. Allelic variants of the NAT2*5 had a low frequency in Asian populations. Allelic frequency in other world populations 

varied from 30 to 50%. The differences between Kazakh (0.54) and the world population were statistically significant (p < 0.05). 

The frequency of GSTP1 (rs1695) in the African American population was 42%. The frequency of GSTP1 in Asian populations 

varied from 11% to 23%. The frequency in Caucasoid populations was around 30%. The differences between Kazakh population 

(0.27) and other populations selected were statistically significant (p < 0.05). 

The study of mutations in GSTP1 and NAT2 genes is necessary in assessing the risk of the development of various diseases, such 

as cancer. Information on allelic polymorphisms might also be useful for personal perscriptions such as cyclophosphamide, 

cisplatin, methotrexate, isoniazid, pyrazinamide, and rifampin.  

Keywords: NAT genes, GSTP genes, genetic polymorphism, Kazakh population 

 

 

 

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