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This journal is published by the University Library System of the University of Pittsburgh as part  

of its D-Scribe Digital Publishing Program and is cosponsored by the University of Pittsburgh Press. 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 
 

 

 

 

 

Distribution of Beijing Genotype 

Among Clinical Isolates of M. 

tuberculosis Circulating in 

Kazakhstan 

 

Ainur Akhmetova1, Venera 

Bismilda2, Leila Chingissova2, Ulan 

Kozhamkulov1  

 
1Center for Life Sciences, Nazarbayev 
University, Astana, Kazakhstan; 
2Department of Bacteriology, National 
Center for Tuberculosis Problems, 
Almaty, Kazakhstan 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Vol. 3, Suppl. (2014)   |   ISSN 2166-7403 (online)    

DOI 10.5195/cajgh.2014.145   |   http://cajgh.pitt.edu  

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AKHMETOVA 

 

 

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 United States License. 

 

This journal is published by the University Library System of the University of Pittsburgh as part  

of its D-Scribe Digital Publishing Program and is cosponsored by the University of Pittsburgh Press. 

 

Central Asian Journal of Global Health 

Volume 3, Suppl. (2014)  |  ISSN 2166-7403 (online)  |  DOI 10.5195/cajgh.2014.145  |  http://cajgh.pitt.edu 

  

 

Abstract 

Introduction. Methods of genotyping of M. tuberculosis play an important role in tuberсulosis (TB) infection control. These 

techniques are used to detect or exclude laboratory errors, control recurrent cases, and determine ways of TB transmission. Today, 

there are more than 10 methods of genotyping; MIRU-VNTR is one of the most widely used methods in the world. In this study 

we aimed to estimate biological diversity of clinical isolates of M. tuberculosis from different regions of Kazakhstan based on 

MIRU-VNTR analysis. 

Materials and methods. MIRU-VNTR was used to genotype 134 clinical isolates of M. tuberculosis isolated from new cases and 

recurrent cases of TB from different regions of Kazakhstan.  Amplification was done using 15 MIRU-VNTR loci. Determination 

of the number of tandem repeats in the corresponding locus was performed via Quantity One v.4.4.0 (BioRad, USA) software. 

H37Rv (NC_000962) reference strain was used as a positive control.  

Results. Phylogenic tree was built using www.miru-vntr.org web-resource based on the results of MIRU-VNTR analysis. Beijing 

family strains associated with drug resistance to antituberculosis drugs were prevalent among all isolates of M. tuberculosis 

circulating in Kazakhstan. Strains of the Beijing genotype were prevalent in both new cases (65%) and recurrent cases (89.4%) of 

tuberculosis. The second meaningful genotype that is spread in the territory of Kazakhstan is LAM, the frequency of distribution 

is 7.3% in new and 4.5% in recurrent cases. Other families of M. tuberculosis such as Ural, Haarlem, CAS, NEW-1, S were found 

in less than 4% of cases. 

Conclusion. Prevalence of Beijing family strains among all isolates of M. tuberculosis from different regions of Kazakhstan was 

shown. Strains of this family are prevalent among young people. This genotype is responsible for ongoing TB transmission in the 

present time. This genotype is more virulent; therefore, investigation of the epidemiology of the Beijing genotype plays crucial role 

in the monitoring of tuberculosis. 

Keywords: tuberculosis, mycobacteria, genotyping, Kazakhstan, Beijing genotype 

 

 

 

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http://www.pitt.edu/
http://www.library.pitt.edu/articles/digpubtype/index.html
http://www.upress.pitt.edu/upressIndex.aspx
http://www.miru-vntr.org/