[{"id": "cey-1649", "words": "6425", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "62", "author": "Callihan, Glenn Allen", "title": "Aufstand oder Fehde: Franz von Sickingen and the Implications of the Feud Against Trier (1481-1525)", "date": "2019", "keywords": "city; count; der; feud; franz; franz von; ibid; letter; nobility; princes; scholzen; sickingen; trier; von; von sickingen; zmora", "summary": "By examining the material and sociopolitical circumstances of Franz von Sickingen and the reactions of not only his peers in the lower nobility but also the princes to Sickingen\u2019s \u201crebellion,\u201d it becomes clear that the Knights\u2019 Revolt of 1522-1523 is better characterized as a feud between Franz von Sickingen and the Elector of Trier, Richard von Griefenklau. Despite his rather meager office in the Count Palatine\u2019s court, Franz von Sickingen\u2019s financial successes would prove pivotal in his next great undertaking: his feud with the City of Worms.23 Balthasar Schl\u00f6r, a citizen of Worms, had previously sold his debt to Sickingen, which provided the impetus for Sickingen to declare the feud: he wanted to collect.24 On November 1, 1514, Franz von Sickingen sent the city of Worms a letter which stated that a particular citizen, Nicolas Knobellach, should pay a debt that he owed to Balthasar Schl\u00f6r.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "cey-1691", "words": "6643", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "53", "author": "Fixler, Nicholas William", "title": "An Inconceivable Odyssey: The Czechoslovak Legion in Russia, 1914-1918", "date": "2019", "keywords": "army; baerlein; country; czechoslovak; entente; government; ibid; legion; march; russia; war", "summary": "The declaration of Czechoslovak independence and the armistice on the Western Front both occurred at roughly the same time and were twin blows to Legion morale when word arrived of their occurrence in late fall 1918.37 As Czechoslovakia now existed and the German Empire was no longer fighting on the Western Front, the Legion now had no reason to continue to fight, and many Legionaries began to question why they were still in combat in Russia.38 Mutinies and more mundane acts of insubordination happened with greater and greater consistency throughout the last quarter of 1918, to the point that the Czechoslovak Legion was no longer viable as an offensive fighting force, and it was ordered off the line in late January 1919.39 The Hungarian invasion of Czechoslovakia was a further blow to morale, though this occurred after the Legion had been pulled off the line.40 Another challenge that the Legion faced was that it was isolated on foreign soil and caught between competing interests at almost all times. This article shows that, thanks to its unusual structure and state-like attributes, including an independent foreign policy through an independent command and its own mobile economic infrastructure, the Czechoslovak Legion had the wherewithal to fight in and withdraw from Russia successfully.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "cey-1739", "words": "9283", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "52", "author": "Epes, Cassie Lee", "title": "The Ideal Woman: Sexology, Sex Reform, and Engineering Marriage in Weimar Germany", "date": "2019", "keywords": "de velde; female; germany; ideal; marriage; new; sex; van; van de; velde; war; weimar; women", "summary": "German women are often still lumped together in historical works as a collective and enthusiastic fighting force, despite the fact that many women were eager for the war to end. This period witnessed advancements in the field of sexology and unprecedented change for German women as they flooded the workforce and gained full suffrage.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "cey-1957", "words": "6341", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "58", "author": "Sezer, Joshkin Aziz", "title": "Austrian High Enlightenment: Josephinism, Literature and State Building", "date": "2019", "keywords": "austria; empire; enlightenment; faustin; habsburg; ibid; joseph; joseph ii; monarchy; pezzl; press; state; vienna", "summary": "The text, Faustin oder das philosophische Jahrhundert (Faustin or the philosophical century) by Joseph Pezzl, was composed during Joseph\u2019s reign. For many, Joseph\u2019s schemes seemed almost quixotic in their scope, from his plowing the fields in Moravia to his \u201cincessant traveling\u201d to his Edict of Tolerance.18 The criticism of his 13 Beales, Joseph II, 2:91.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "cey-2069", "words": "8496", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "48", "author": "Wenner, Thorin", "title": "Portraying the Enemy: Two German Lutherans\u2019 Turkish Travelogues and the Letters of Ogier Ghiselin de Busbecq", "date": "2019", "keywords": "busbecq; constantinople; empire; gerlach; german; ibid; letters; ottoman; ottoman empire; peace; salomon; schweigger; society; stephan; turks", "summary": "Gerlach uses \u201cErb- Feind\u201d (archenemy) to describe the Turks in a letter on the potential union between the Habsburg realms and Poland (as they were electing a new king, and Maximilian II was a favorite candidate in these elections).27 Salomon Schweigger calls the Turks the \u201cenemies of the name of Christ\u201d (Feind des Christlichen Namen).28 Salomon Schweigger writes multiple times that God uses the Turks to punish the sins of Europeans, whether they be the inhabitants of Constantinople in 1453, the Germans, or other Europeans.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "cey-2071", "words": "7567", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "47", "author": "Clink, Emily Jane", "title": "Musicology and German National Identity: A Review of the Issues in Scholarship on the Late Eighteenth Century", "date": "2019", "keywords": "century; concepts; eighteenth; german; ibid; identity; music; national; nationalism; work", "summary": "Abstract This article explores the concept of German national identity as it has been used by musicologists and offers an alternative, fuller understanding of that concept by placing it in its late eighteenth-century context. This article demonstrates that a richer and more nuanced understanding of the development of \u201cnation\u201d and \u201cidentity\u201d has the potential to enhance our understanding of the development of German national identity in music.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "cey-2287", "words": "94", "extension": ".htm", "flesch": "76", "author": "Riesinger, Fabian; Hesse, Verena", "title": "\u201cA Leap into the Unknown\u201d: The Creation and International Reception of a Website on the History of the Prague Spring", "date": "2019", "keywords": "bot", "summary": "Bayerische Staatsbibliothek | Impressum | Datenschutzerkl\u00c3\u00a4rung -- Imprint This website is running Anubis version 1.23.1. Made with \u00e2\ufffd\u00a4\u00ef\u00b8\ufffd in \u00f0\u0178\u2021\u00a8\u00f0\u0178\u2021\u00a6.", "mime": "text/html"}, {"id": "cey-2304", "words": "501", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "24", "author": "Drummond, Elizabeth A.; Backer-Peral, Veronica; Baudler, Eva; Cox, Dwayne; Duncan, Thomas; Irving-Peterson, Riis; Joiner, Preston; Lighthart, William; Long, Meghan; Malinowski, Michael; Mansdorfer, Christopher; Massey, Emily; McKay, Thea; Medina, Nicolas; Notter, Sophia; Salvini, Nathaniel; Turkson, Nana", "title": "Nazi Germany: A Class Timeline", "date": "2019", "keywords": "lmu; nazi", "summary": "Elizabeth A. Drummond Associate Professor & Chair Department of History Loyola Marymount University Timeline Contributors Veronica Backer-Peral, History & Film/TV Production double-major, LMU \u201822 https://cdn.knightlab.com/libs/timeline3/latest/embed/index.html?source=1N9I15seuO6C8ya6X07MBWK1_jKlUVCzwlllc2ouR3M0&font=Default&lang=en&initial_zoom=7&height=800 https://cdn.knightlab.com/libs/timeline3/latest/embed/index.html?source=1N9I15seuO6C8ya6X07MBWK1_jKlUVCzwlllc2ouR3M0&font=Default&lang=en&initial_zoom=7&height=800 http://germanhistorydocs.ghi-dc.org/home.cfm http://germanhistorydocs.ghi-dc.org/home.cfm https://research.calvin.edu/german-propaganda-archive/ww2era.htm https://research.calvin.edu/german-propaganda-archive/ww2era.htm 87 Eva Baudler, History & English double-major, LMU \u201820 Dwayne Cox, History & Screenwriting double-major, LMU \u201819 Thomas Duncan, History major, LMU \u201819 Riis Irving-Peterson, International Relations & Communication Studies double-major, LMU \u201819 Preston Joiner, History major, LMU \u201821 William Lighthart, History & International Relations double-major, LMU \u201821 Meghan Long, English & Music double-major, LMU \u201819 Michael Malinowski, English major, LMU \u201819 Christopher Mansdorfer, Political Science major & History minor, LMU \u201819 Emily Massey, History major, LMU \u201820 Thea McKay, History & Theatre Arts double-major, LMU \u201820 Nicolas Medina, History major, LMU \u201819 Sophia Notter, International Relations major, LMU \u201821 Nathaniel Salvini, History major, LMU \u201821 Nana Turkson, History major, LMU \u201821 In spring 2019, students in Nazi Germany (HIST 4373/JWST 4998), an undergraduate course at Loyola Marymount University in Los Angeles, collaborated on the creation of a digital timeline about the history of Nazi Germany.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "cey-2308", "words": "7442", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "51", "author": "Zastre, Sydni", "title": "Get Yourselves Under Control!: Youth Sexuality in the Third Reich", "date": "2020", "keywords": "bdm; girls; herzog; hitler; homosexuality; nazi; organizations; people; reich; sex; sexuality; war; youth", "summary": "Most likely unintentionally, however, the official structure and activities of the HJ and BDM themselves also offered youth new sexual freedoms and a space in which to exercise them. These women perceived the loopholes and inconsistencies in Nazi sexual regulations and took full advantage of them, seizing hold of opportunities for their own gain, both material and sexual.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "cey-2972", "words": "6634", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "52", "author": "Hammond, Sophie", "title": "The Cult of the Duel: Giving Satisfaction at the University of Vienna and in the Joint Army, 1867-1914", "date": "2020", "keywords": "army; burschenschaften; dea\u0301k; duel; honor; nationalism; officers; schnitzler; students; university; vienna", "summary": "There was a high number of Jewish university students in the Empire, and by 1900, over 18.3% of the reserve officer corps was Jewish.38 But in contrast to the number of Jewish reserve officers, the number of Jewish career officers was few.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "cey-3043", "words": "6274", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "43", "author": "Smith, Charlie", "title": "A Mercurial Monarch and His Magical Metropolis: Rudolf II\u2019s Prague and Its Alchemical Association", "date": "2020", "keywords": "alchemy; art; central; court; eds; emperor; europe; evans; habsburg; ivo; karpenko; nature; prague; pur\u0161; rudolf; rudolf ii; world", "summary": "32 M. C. Jacobs, Strangers Nowhere in the World: The Rise of Cosmopolitanism in Early Modern Europe, (Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2006), 65. 33 Rafa\u0142 T. Prinke and Mike A. Zuber, \u201cAlchemical Patronage and the Making of an Adept: Letters of Michael Sendivogius to Emperor Rudolf II and His Chamberlain Hans Popp,\u201d Ambix 65, no. 4 (2018): 334, https://doi.org/10.1080/00026980.2018.1512776. In 1583 the Habsburg emperor Rudolf II established Prague as his Residenzstadt and thus shifted the political center of gravity within Central Europe to his Bohemian capital.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "cey-3054", "words": "6058", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "42", "author": "Vowels, Grace", "title": "An Enlightenment of Spirit: Pietism and Prussian Politics", "date": "2020", "keywords": "century; church; desideria; francke; frederick; gawthrop; pia; pietism; pietists; prussian; spener; state", "summary": "The emphasis on suffering as purification and stoicism through pain, shown by the mention of \u201csuffer[ing] in stillness,\u201d is a direct continuation of the ascetism advocated for both by Pietists and the Prussian state.55 Other hymns make mention of sitting at God\u2019s feet and kissing his scepter, images evoking devotion to the king of heaven, but also highly reminiscent of devotion to one\u2019s earthly rulers.56 However, the connections between Pietist literature and Prussian state values do not end in similarities expressed in hymns but also in the exhortations put forth for believers to follow in Pietist theologian Johann Friedrich Starck\u2019s 1728 Daily Handbook for Days of Joys and Sorrow.57 Exhortations are reflections and suggestions of ways in which the reader can live a more godly and Christian life. Long a Protestant territory, the majority of the people in the kingdom were Lutherans, which interestingly contrasted with the Calvinist faith of Prussia\u2019s rulers, who belonged to the Hohenzollern dynasty.20 Initially, the relationship to Pietism was tenuous, as Pietist doctrine strayed from the orthodoxy as the established Lutheran state Church.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "cey-3058", "words": "11080", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "44", "author": "Crockett, David J", "title": "South Slav-Russian Relations in the Last Half of the Nineteenth Century: Intrusion, Resentment, and Mutual Naivet\u00e9", "date": "2020", "keywords": "anderson; austria; balkan; bulgaria; century; charles; crampton; eastern; jelavich; nationalism; orthodox; ottoman; pan; question; russia; serbia; slavism; stambolov; stefan; war", "summary": "Lionel Kochan and Richard Abraham, The Making of Modern Russia, 2nd ed. 4 Charles Jelavich, Tsarist Russia and Balkan Nationalism: Russian Influence in the Internal Affairs of Bulgaria and Serbia, 1879-1886 (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1962), vii.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "cey-3392", "words": "6407", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "36", "author": "Kimmel, Zachary", "title": "Caught between Continents: The Holocaust and Israel\u2019s Attempt to Claim the European Jewish Diaspora", "date": "2020", "keywords": "diaspora; grade; holocaust; israel; jewish; kafka; library; manuscripts; national; new; state; york", "summary": "Although he was a Czech writer who was not an observant Jew and who died a quarter-century before its founding, Israel nevertheless celebrated the return of Kafka\u2019s work as a homecoming, using the historical memory of the Holocaust to assert itself as the rightful guardian of Jewish cultural material created anytime, anywhere in the world. The logic is grounded in Israel\u2019s belief in its status as the cultural epicenter of international Jewry, the rightful legal inheritor of Jewish materials produced in the Diaspora.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "cey-3438", "words": "7552", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "62", "author": "Anderson, Elinor", "title": "Women, Power and Enlightenment in Eighteenth-Century Europe: The Case of Maria Theresa", "date": "2020", "keywords": "art; empress; family; habsburg; joseph; male; maria; maria theresa; politics; portrait; son; theresa; yonan", "summary": "7 Michael Yonan, Empress Maria Theresa and the Politics of Habsburg Imperial Art (University Park: The Pennsylvania State University Press, 2011), 27. 8 Irmard Pangerl, \u201cThe Pragmatic Sanction and its consequences. 14 Yonan, Empress Maria Theresa and the Politics of Habsburg Imperial Art, 19. 6 as desirable, fertile, and devoted wives.15 Early portraiture of Maria Theresa largely adhered to these standards.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "cey-3503", "words": "1118", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "53", "author": "Weisser, Fabia ", "title": "Buchrezension: Barbara Stollberg-Rilinger, Maria Theresia: Die Kaiserin in ihrer Zeit.", "date": "2020", "keywords": "als; auch; auf; das; der; die; kaiserin; maria; rilinger; stollberg; und; von", "summary": "Maria Theresia als die gutherzige, weise Regentin, die gegen\u00fcber ihrem Volke dieselbe G\u00fcte und Warmherzigkeit walten lie\u00df, wie gegen\u00fcber jedem einzelnen ihrer sechzehn Kinder. Auch Maria Theresia selbst war von der durch die Aufkl\u00e4rung vorangetriebenen stetigen S\u00e4kularisierung und der zunehmenden Kritik am Glauben durch Intellektuelle betroffen, weshalb", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "cey-3504", "words": "1092", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "50", "author": "Weisser, Fabia ; Brueckel , James", "title": "Book Review: Barbara Stollberg-Rilinger\u2019s Maria Theresia: Die Kaiserin in ihrer Zeit (Maria Theresa: The Empress in Her Time).", "date": "2020", "keywords": "maria; stollberg; theresa", "summary": "22 Book Review: Barbara Stollberg- Rilinger\u2019s Maria Theresia: Die Kaiserin in ihrer Zeit (Maria Theresa: The Empress in Her Time). A queen-empress out of a picture book, Maria Theresa is remembered as a beguiling beauty and kind-hearted, wise regent with constant concern for the wellbeing of her court and subjects.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "cey-3509", "words": "2833", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "55", "author": "Skelton, Victoria", "title": "Parasites, Prostitution, and Everyday Vigilance in Socialist Czechoslovakia: An Interview with Dr. Christiane Brenner", "date": "2020", "keywords": "czechoslovakia; people; prostitution; society; women; work", "summary": "\u201cVigilance\u201d was a key term for socialist societies, but it was mostly understood in political way. VS: That sounds incredibly difficult, tracking down people who weren\u2019t supposed to exist in socialist society\u2014the process of rendering invisible members of society visible.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "cey-3568", "words": "611", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "50", "author": "Dillenburg, Elizabeth", "title": "Power, the State, and Belonging in Central Europe", "date": "2020", "keywords": "power; volume", "summary": "We hope you enjoy exploring this issue of Central Europe Yearbook. 1 Editorial Introduction Power, the State, and Belonging in Central Europe Elizabeth Dillenburg The Ohio State University at Newark Welcome to the 2020 volume of the Central Europe Yearbook.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "cey-3592", "words": "10059", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "43", "author": "Manuatu, Benjamin James", "title": "Guardians of the Empire: Nationalism and the Habsburg Army", "date": "2021", "keywords": "armies; army; austrian; emperor; empire; franz; gellner; german; groups; habsburg; habsburg army; habsburg empire; habsburg monarchy; joseph; language; military; monarchy; nationalism; new; press; state; university; war", "summary": "After the Revolutions, while other armies were primarily charged with the defense of a state against external threats, the primary role of the army of Austria was to maintain the delicate internal security of the empire. 16 Correlli Barnett, The Desert Generals (London: Pan Books edn., 1962), 105. 17 Lucian W. Pye, \u201cArmies in the Process of Political Modernization,\u201d in The Role of the Miltiary in Underdeveloped Countries, ed.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "cey-3609", "words": "5989", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "44", "author": "Smiley, Jacob", "title": "The 1958 US Trade Mission to Yugoslavia and the United States' \"Wedge\" Policy: A Technocratic Connection ", "date": "2021", "keywords": "cold; country; fred; fred wittner; missions; states; trade; trade mission; united; united states; war; wittner; yugoslavia", "summary": "In an article published in the American business magazine Industrial Marketing, Fred Wittner asked a question that he thought may be on the minds of many Americans: \u201cWhy should the United States send a trade mission, at taxpayers\u2019 expense, to a Communist-controlled country such as Yugoslavia?\u201d44 Wittner\u2019s answer to this question was complex, portraying Yugoslavia as a country that occupied a unique position within the framework of the ever heightening Cold War. 24 \u201cWhat Should Trade Missions Do?,\u201d 4. 25 Fred Wittner, \u201cU.S. Trade Missions and Expanding World-Wide Circulations of American Business Magazines,\u201d Circulation Seminar for Business Publications, Pick-Congress Hotel, Chicago, August 12, 1959, Fred Wittner Papers, Box 2, Folder 1, Wisconsin Historical Society, Madison. 26 \u201cUnited States Trade Missions Overseas,\u201d 1.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "cey-3782", "words": "9412", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "53", "author": "Weisser, Fabia", "title": "Encounters with Native Americans in Early Colonial Georgia: The Salzburger Emigrants and Their Reports on Interactions with Indigenous Peoples", "date": "2021", "keywords": "americans; boltzius; community; ebenezer; encounters; exchange; georgia; gift; indians; melton; new; peoples; press; reports; salzburgers; trade; university", "summary": "The earliest account of gift giving by local Native Americans to the Ebenezer community was reported by the preachers on May 2, 1733: \u201cA few days ago an Indian came to the neighborhood of Abercorn in a small boat, with his wife and two children. According to Stern, commodities were chosen by Native Americans, who accepted specific 53 Detailed Reports, 8:528.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "cey-3958", "words": "9365", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "52", "author": "Durda, Romy", "title": "Das menschliche Gesicht der Gro\u00dfstadtd\u00e4monen: Wie Kulturkritik durch die sprachliche Bildlichkeit des Expressionismus zum Ausdruck gebracht wird", "date": "2021", "keywords": "als; auch; auf; aus; ausdruck; au\u00dfenwelt; beziehung; bis; das; dass; dem; den; der; des; deutlich; die; dieser; durch; d\u00e4monen; eigenen; eine; expressionismus; f\u00fcr; gedicht; georg; gro\u00dfstadt; gro\u00dfst\u00e4dtischen; hat; heym; hier; ihrer; indem; individuum; ist; kann; lebensraum; lyrik; l\u00e4sst; macht; menschen; menschlichen; metapher; mit; natur; nicht; noch; seiner; selbst; sich; sie; simmel; sind; sondern; st\u00e4dte; umgebung; und; verh\u00e4ltnis; versen; von; vor; wenn; werden; wie; wird; zeigt; zum; zur; zwischen", "summary": "Der Mensch selbst ist es, der der Natur ihren stetigen Lauf nimmt und die Au\u00dfenwelt zugunsten von Zivilisation und Fortschritt beschleunigt. 3 Tobias Becker und Johanna Niedbalski, \u201eDie Metropole der tausend Freuden: Stadt und Vergn\u00fcgungskultur um 1900,\u201c in Die tausend Freuden der Metropole:", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "cey-3991", "words": "8178", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "60", "author": "Anderson, Rachel", "title": "The Most Dangerous Man in Europe: How Giuseppe Mazzini's Nationalism Shaped the Italian Unification Period", "date": "2021", "keywords": "giuseppe; giuseppe mazzini; italian; italy; mazzini; nation; national; opponents; people; sarti; young", "summary": "12 Quoted in Simon Levis Sullam, \u201cThe Moses of Italian Unity: Mazzini and Nationalism as Political Religion,\u201d in Giuseppe Mazzini and the Globalization of Democratic Nationalism, eds. 22 Mazzini, Life and Writings, I.69; Sarti, \u201cGiuseppe Mazzini and His Opponents,\u201d 82.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "cey-4028", "words": "10992", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "56", "author": "Ashkenazy, Cole", "title": "A Consciously Un-Revolutionary Revolution: Salzburg 1918", "date": "2021", "keywords": "austria; austro; change; der; november; october; republic; revolution; salzburg; sdap; socialists; term; use; vienna; wacht; word revolution", "summary": "A long article in the Chronik described the dangers that existed so long as the \u201crote Flagge der Revolution\u201d (red flag of revolution) existed and that it was irresponsible to be constantly talking about the revolution.35 The Chronik and Volksblatt were also united in how pleased they were when foreign journalists observed that there were no troubles in the area, one even referring to \u201cRevolution\u201d in quotation marks, and another observing that the Vienna revolution was not at all red.36 The word revolution was also used in the Wacht more often than before. The beginning of the shift for revolution meaning both political and social change dates back to during the 1789 French Revolution; see Ilan Rachum, \u201cRevolution\u201d: The Entrance of a New Word into Western Political Discourse (Lanham, MD: University Press of America, 1999), 244.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "cey-4211", "words": "8990", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "54", "author": "Katzenbach, Lennart", "title": "Die Inszenierung des Todes: Das Funeralzeremoniell Kaiser Leopolds I. in vergleichender Perspektive", "date": "2021", "keywords": "aber; als; auch; auf; aus; begr\u00e4bnis; bei; bestattung; bis; das; dass; dem; den; der; des; des grossen; dessen; die; dieser; durch; ein; eine; fig; friedrich; fr\u00fchen; f\u00fcr; grossen; habe; hawlik; herrschaft; herrscher; hier; hof; ist; johann; kaiser; k\u00f6nigs; k\u00f6rper; leichnam; leopolds; letzten; mit; nach; neuzeit; nicht; noch; nur; rink; sarg; seinen; sich; sie; sind; tod; todes; und; van; verstorbenen; vgl; vom; von; von der; vor; war; water; werden; wie; wien; wiener; wurde; zum; zur; \u00fcber", "summary": "Die Parade und die Die verwitwete Kaiserin war mit ihrem Beichtvater in der Hofburg geblieben.62 Beschlossen wurde der Kondukt von der Stadtgarde.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "cey-4270", "words": "8533", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "50", "author": "Marschik, Koloman", "title": "The Unwanted yet Unavoidable Implementation of Religious Tolerance in Early Modern Transylvania", "date": "2021", "keywords": "b\u00e1thory; catholic; church; churches; country; diet; hungarian; murdock; prince; principality; state; tolerance; transylvania; zsigmond", "summary": "Appendix A: Chronological Table Year Event Ruling Monarch 1526 Battle of Moh\u00e1cs: defeat and de facto partition of medieval Hungarian kingdom, coronation in Transylvania of Janos Szapolyai as King of Hungary Janos Szapolyai 1540 Janos Szapolyai dies, succeeded by his son Janos Zsigmond Szapolyai 1556 Roman Catholic Church property seized by diet 1558 Lutheranism recognized as received religion by Transylvanian diet Janos Zsigmond Szapolyai (King of Hungary) 1564 Calvinism/Reformed recognized as received religion by Transylvanian diet 1566 All Catholic Clergy exiled from the state by Transylvanian diet 1568 Diet of Torda: Lutheranism, Calvinism, and Antitrinitarianism are recognized as received religions 1570 Treaty of Speyer: state now officially recognized as the Principality of Transylvania. In order to assess how and why the emerging central European principality of Transylvania implemented religious tolerance even as most other countries descended into interconfessional conflict, one must first define what \u201ctolerant\u201d means in the context of the period.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "cey-4272", "words": "9030", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "56", "author": "Craig, Ciaran", "title": "Augustin Calmet and the Construction of the Eighteenth-Century Vampire", "date": "2021", "keywords": "blood; body; calmet; century; europe; moravia; reports; result; superstition; testimony; vampire; vampirism; western; world", "summary": "In the eighteenth century, Calmet embarked upon a thorough examination of the evidence for the existence of reported vampires in the lands of Hungary, Moravia, Serbia, and Romania. In order to complete this task, Calmet would investigate numerous incidents of apparent vampirism as well as the particular qualities that define these claims.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "cey-4321", "words": "7666", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "46", "author": "Wood-Martin, Andrew", "title": "Becoming Begrudgingly Tolerant: Analyzing the Significance of the Emergence and Development of Unitarianism in the Transylvanian Principality during the Mid-Sixteenth Century ", "date": "2021", "keywords": "anti; bal\u00e1zs; century; church; laws; reformed; region; synod; tolerance; transylvania; unitarian; unitarianism", "summary": "The synods also help provide a deeper understanding of the practical nature of religious freedom and tolerance in early modern Transylvania. The concept of religious tolerance and toleration has been the subject of much scholarly discussion for centuries.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "cey-4385", "words": "9661", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "49", "author": "Dueholm, Mikolaj", "title": "With Fire and Sword: Military Factors in the Disintegration of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth", "date": "2021", "keywords": "army; commonwealth; cossacks; frost; king; liberty; lithuanian commonwealth; magnates; military; nobility; poland; polish; power; reform; revolution; szlachta; troops", "summary": "18 Grze\u015bkowiak-Krwawicz, Queen Liberty, 56. 77 perspective, positing that the failure to expand the standing army did not represent simple opposition to military reforms per se, but a conscious rejection of the power such innovations would give the monarchy.19 Historians cite many examples of innovations the Commonwealth was willing to make without having to modify its political structure, for instance the establishment of weapon foundries and penning of influential treatises on siege craft.20 Essentially, the nobility was happy to adopt certain aspects of the military revolution as long as they did not change the political status quo. It identifies lack of a professional army, overreliance on cavalry, failed attempts at reform, funding problems, and unrestricted power of the magnates as the primary military factors leading to the eventual partition of the Commonwealth.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "cey-4424", "words": "7637", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "34", "author": "Hall, Sam", "title": "A Fancy of Prince Bismarck? Bismarck\u2019s Strategic Aims for the Expulsions of 1885", "date": "2021", "keywords": "austria; bismarck; expulsions; german; history; hungary; jews; otto; poles; policy; polish; prussian; reichstag; von", "summary": "In response to a heightened level of antisemitic agitation during the early 1880s\u2014Jewish homes, shops, and synagogues were damaged in the cities of Thorn, Neustettin, and Stolp\u2014the liberal Landtag deputy Eugen Richter chastised Bismarck for encouraging Jewish persecution through his inaction.25 On the 12th of January 1881, Richter contended that the antisemites began \u201cto cling to the coat-tails of Prince Bismarck\u201d and that they \u201cgo right on cuddling up to him and call to him as noisy children surround their father. in Louis L. Snyder, \u201cBismarck and the Lasker Resolution, 1884,\u201d The Review of Politics 29, no. 1 (January 1967): 44; Otto von Bismarck, Bismarck\u2019s Table Talk, trans. and ed.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "cey-4428", "words": "47", "extension": ".htm", "flesch": "76", "author": "Dvorak, Sam; Petrasko, Mark; Poulson, Lucy", "title": "Comenius at 350: A Celebration", "date": "2021", "keywords": "browser", "summary": "Learn more Google Chrome Mozilla Firefox Microsoft Edge Opera Safari Remind me later About Copyright Contact us Terms Privacy Policy & Safety \u00a9 2025 Google LLC Update it to get the best YouTube experience and our latest features.", "mime": "text/html"}, {"id": "cey-4457", "words": "6313", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "75", "author": "Christian, Nash; Lindemann, Mary", "title": "A Historian\u2019s Path: An Interview with Professor Mary Lindemann, Former President of the American Historical Association and German Studies Association", "date": "2021", "keywords": "archive; good; history; lot; people; things; time", "summary": "It's hard to pull all of the strings together and select one thing that says, \u201cThis is the importance of disease in world history.\u201d Thus, I combined an interest in going somewhere like Hamburg, where I'd never been, with the thrill of looking at original sources that not that many people had worked on.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "cey-4503", "words": "866", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "45", "author": "Louthan, Howard", "title": "Editorial Introduction", "date": "2021", "keywords": "central; century; europe", "summary": "We hear echoes of Comenius in the opening interview of our edition where we feature a conversation with one of the most prominent scholars of Central Europe in North America today. The 2021 Yearbook also captures the geographic and cultural diversity of Central Europe.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "cey-4941", "words": "6589", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "41", "author": "Leeming, Rosie", "title": "How Global Was Eastern Europe during the Cold War?", "date": "2022", "keywords": "cold; cold war; eastern; eastern europe; eds; europe; european; global; socialist; south; soviet; spaces; students; university; war; west; western; world", "summary": "As one Kuwaiti diplomat insisted in 1983, Cold War spatialities were irrelevant: \u201cKuwait is a completely open market; no political consideration is given. EEC overcame aversions to import quotas, and Eastern European states ceded the necessity of multilateral negotiations, blurring Cold War spatialities.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "cey-5027", "words": "7044", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "56", "author": "Hernandez, Yutsil", "title": "Jan Hus: A Connection between Belief and National Identity ", "date": "2022", "keywords": "bohemia; church; czech; hus; hussite; jan; john; john hus; letters; movement; people", "summary": "On the contrary, Hus wrote a response to the forty-five articles that had been drawn from Wyclif\u2019s writings, saying that they had been taken out of context and did not represent their true meaning.15 At the Council of 10 \u201cJohn Hus to The Lords Gathered at the Supreme Court of the Kingdom of Bohemia before 14 December 1412,\u201d in The Letters of John Hus, 90. 15 Matthew Spinka, John Hus: A Biography (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1968), 65. 56 Constance, Hus condemned Wyclif\u2019s teachings yet openly admitted that he found his teachings attractive due to Wyclif\u2019s genuine efforts to convert people to the law of Christ.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "cey-5056", "words": "4678", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "54", "author": "Zhou, Mike", "title": "Bourbon Ceremony in the Former Habsburg Territory: Maria Amalia and Ferdinand\u2019s Wedding in Parma (1769)", "date": "2022", "keywords": "amalia; bourbons; descrizione; ferdinand; feste; habsburg; maria; maria amalia; parma; wedding", "summary": "Predating Maria Amalia and Ferdinand\u2019s wedding, their marriage was also sealed to repair the relationship between Habsburgs and Bourbons. 40 Bourbon Ceremony in the Former Habsburg Territory Maria Amalia and Ferdinand\u2019s Wedding in Parma (1769) Mike Zhou University of Alberta", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "cey-5081", "words": "3868", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "79", "author": "Stackpole, Anne", "title": "Eyewitness Accounts of the War in Ukraine", "date": "2022", "keywords": "army; children; city; people; train; war", "summary": "I am especially concerned about the impact of this war on young children, both in Russia and in Ukraine. Because of the nearby threat from Crimea, many people in Odesa believed that they should evacuate and move to a safer part of the country.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "cey-5082", "words": "69", "extension": ".htm", "flesch": "-7", "author": "Stackpole, Anne", "title": "The Jagiellonian Genesis Tapestries (1553)", "date": "2022", "keywords": "tapestries", "summary": "Home Search this site Embedded Files Skip to main content Skip to navigation Home Introduction The Commission The Tapestries in History Reading Tapestry Gallery References \u00a0 Home Introduction The Commission The Tapestries in History Reading Tapestry Gallery References More Home Introduction The Commission The Tapestries in History Reading Tapestry Gallery References The Jagiellonian Genesis Tapestries (1553) Start Tour Google Sites Report abuse Page details Page updated Google Sites Report abuse", "mime": "text/html"}, {"id": "cey-5084", "words": "1956", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "62", "author": "Allison, Rusty", "title": "On the Boundary of Empire and Nation: A Conversation with Dr. John Fahey on Przemy\u015bl", "date": "2022", "keywords": "fahey; history; przemy\u015bl; rusty", "summary": "In his forthcoming book, Dr. Fahey examines the history of Przemy\u015bl\u2014a Polish city near the Ukrainian border. In this interview, Dr. Fahey provides insights into how the history of Przemy\u015bl can help us understand the ongoing conflict in Ukraine.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "cey-5085", "words": "3675", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "59", "author": "Herman, Kristalena", "title": "The Extraordinary Efforts of Ordinary People in Ukraine", "date": "2022", "keywords": "community; help; support; ukraine; ukrainians; war; zhytomyr", "summary": "After breaking from Polish-Lithuanian rule, a treaty was created with Moscow that allowed Ukraine a measure of autonomy while still recognizing that Moscow was \u201csuperior\u201d; however Russia did not respect the terms of this treaty and treated Ukrainians with contempt.7 After becoming disillusioned by the alliance and the treatment of the Ukrainian people, Ukraine created a new treaty with Poland.8 Ukraine did not gain full independence until January 1918, but this was short lived and followed by years of violence and oppression perpetuated by the Soviet state. After Russia again invaded Ukraine in 2022, the lives of many Ukrainians were forever changed.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "cey-5166", "words": "314", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "43", "author": "Louthan, Howard ", "title": "Introduction", "date": "2022", "keywords": "ukraine", "summary": "Kristalena Herman (University of Cambridge), a Peace Corps volunteer in Ukraine from 2019 to 2020, considers the experience of men and women who continue to live in Ukraine, some very close to the frontlines. Anne Stackpole (Leiden University), who is based in Warsaw, has conducted an interview with a group of Ukrainian refugees who recount their harrowing escape from the Russians in the days immediately following the invasion.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "cey-5301", "words": "9427", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "51", "author": "Bowman, Jackson", "title": "Turning a War Crime into a Weapon: How the Razing of Lidice and Le\u017e\u00e1ky Aided the Allied Power\u2019s War Effort", "date": "2024", "keywords": "american; anthropoid; bene\u0161; british; exile; german; government; heydrich; june; lidice; nazi; people; powers; propaganda; states; times; town; united; war", "summary": "69 \u201cLidice, In Illinois,\u201d The New York Times, July 14, 1942, 18. 68 Alan Gerrard, \u201c12th July 1942, Stern Park Gardens\u2014Lidice Illinois,\u201d Lidice Lives, July 11, 2022, https://lidicelives.org/2022/07/11/12th-july-1942-stern-park-gardens-lidice-illinois/, accessed May 30, 2023. 33 https://www.wisconsinhistory.org/Records/Property/HI19157 http://www.speeches-usa.com/Transcripts/wendell_wilkie-eulogy.html https://lidicelives.org/2022/07/11/12th-july-1942-stern-park-gardens-lidice-illinois/ The United States and Great Britain often shared propaganda especially when it concerned the Germans. 73 See an image of the memorial at \u201c12th July 1942, Stern Park Gardens\u2014Lidice Illinois.\u201d 72 \u201cWillkie Speaks,\u201d The Daily Chronicle, July 13, 1942, 1. 71 \u201cLidice Hailed as a Shrine of Freedom,\u201d Mattoon Illinois Journal Gazette, July 13, 1942, 1. 70 Wendell Willkie, \u201cEulogy of Lidice,\u201d Stern Park Gardens, IL, July 12, 1942, available at Speech Vault, http://www.speeches-usa.com/Transcripts/wendell_wilkie-eulogy.html, accessed May 30, 2023.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "cey-5585", "words": "8854", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "40", "author": "Bobowiec, Natalia", "title": "Challenges to Preservation of Holocaust Memory in Poland", "date": "2024", "keywords": "ambrosewicz; attitudes; education; gross; history; holocaust; holocaust memory; islands; jacobs; memory; people; poland; poles; polish; teaching", "summary": "While there are educators who choose to teach Jewish history and comprehensive World War II history despite the backlash from parents, many teachers hold antisemitic views themselves and consciously choose not to discuss Jewish Holocaust history in their classrooms. Nevertheless there are two 15 Beth Holmgren, \u201cHolocaust History and Jewish Heritage Preservation: Scholars and Stewards Working in PiS-Ruled Poland,\u201d Shofar: An Interdisciplinary Journal of Jewish Studies 37, no. 1 (Spring 2019): 96\u2013107, doi:10.1353/sho.2019.0004.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "cey-5895", "words": "5", "extension": ".htm", "flesch": "100", "author": "Harris, Emmey", "title": "The Travels of Adam Olearius: A Gateway to Globalization in the Seventeenth Century", "date": "2024", "keywords": "olearius", "summary": "The Travels of Adam Olearius", "mime": "text/html"}, {"id": "cey-5985", "words": "8765", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "50", "author": "Cuniolo, Andrea", "title": "Heidegger\u2019s support for antisemitic measures as Rector of the University of Freiburg, 1933-1934", "date": "2024", "keywords": "altre; freiburg; german; heidegger; hermann heidegger; ibid; martin heidegger; nazi; policies; press; testimonianze; university", "summary": "62 Ott, Martin Heidegger, 188; Rockmore, On Heidegger\u2019s Nazism, 78, 98, 112; Safranski, Heidegger, 310. 61 Heidegger, \u2018Now only a god\u2019, 26; Heidegger, \u2018The Rectorate\u2019, 491-492. 60 Moheling, \u2018Heidegger and the Nazis\u2019, 35; Hermann Heidegger, \u2018Preface\u2019, 468-469. 59 Heidegger, \u2018Now only a god\u2019, 25. 58 Hermann Heidegger, \u2018Preface\u2019, 469. Hermann Heidegger (Genoa: Il Melangolo, 2005), 81. Heidegger, Martin, \u2018The Jewish Contamination of German Spiritual Life: Letter to Victor Schower (1929), Martin Heidegger: Philosophical and Political Writings, trans. and ed.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "cey-6012", "words": "8563", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "48", "author": "Krajnik, Paula", "title": "Negotiating National Equality in the Austrian Silesian Diet 1905-1914", "date": "2025", "keywords": "compromise; der; diet; electoral; german; language; national; period; reform; silesia; slavic; smsd; und", "summary": "The inquiry accused German nationalist headmasters, teachers, and agitators of increasingly replacing the Czech or Polish lessons with German instruction with the purpose of turning the respective schools into German schools and to indoctrinating Polish and Czech children, rating this as a violation of Article 19. Instances like these indicate that miscommunication between the majority and minority exacerbated the conflicts around the reform.39 The German deputy Karl Ott proposed a new approach: national electoral cadasters should be established, but their power should depend on the amount of taxes contributed by each electorate.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "cey-6042", "words": "386", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "47", "author": "Weinshel, Meyer", "title": "Introduction", "date": "2024", "keywords": "central; europe", "summary": "This current issue continues our mission to promote scholarship of Central Europe among undergraduate students from across the disciplines. The temporal and topical range of student research published here reflects the breadth and depth of academic research in undergraduate programs across the world today.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "cey-6095", "words": "8717", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "37", "author": "Sessums, Nicholas W.", "title": "Russification and Russianization in Modern Historiography: Recent Developments and Future Directions", "date": "2025", "keywords": "borderlands; empire; historiography; national; new; policies; press; russian; russianization; russification; university; work", "summary": "Consequently, the concept of \u2018Russification\u2019 (obrusenie in Russian) became opaque, difficult to define, and inadequate in capturing the range of imperial policies toward the peoples of the borderlands. This scholarship tended to focus on nineteenth-century ethno-national movements and their responses to imperial policies rather than the imperial administration itself.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "cey-6198", "words": "4574", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "52", "author": "Nair, Arushi", "title": "Roma & Sinti Culture as Modern German Studies", "date": "2025", "keywords": "culture; die; german; holocaust; ich; poetry; project; reinhardt; research; roma; sinti; survivors; und; work", "summary": "In the story-telling of Roma experience, I wanted to see what Roma did, and this was the push from memoirs into poetry. Fonseca, an anthropologist, conducted interviews with Roma families with whom she stayed across Central and Eastern Europe throughout the late 1980\u2019s and early 1990\u2019s.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "cey-6199", "words": "8190", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "62", "author": "Nair, Arushi", "title": "Entzauberung der Berliner Clubszene", "date": "2025", "keywords": "aber; alle; als; anderen; arbeit; auch; auf; aus; berliner; clubs; clubszene; das; dass; dem; den; denen; der; des; die; dieser; durch; ein; eine; einige; erlebnis; freiheit; f\u00fcr; haben; hat; heute; immer; ist; kann; man; marquardt; menschen; mit; musik; nicht; noch; nur; oder; orte; raum; r\u00e4ume; sehr; sein; selbst; sich; sie; sind; spaces; szene; techno; tresor; t\u00fcrsteher; und; von; war; waren; weil; werden; wie; wird; wurde", "summary": "Die Clubs versprachen Safe-Spaces zu sein, aber man merkte schon, wie die sozialen Ungerechtigkeiten reproduziert wurden. Die Berliner Clubs (und auch die Nachtlokale der Weimarer Republik9)", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "cey-6236", "words": "6612", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "51", "author": "Crosson, Harper", "title": "Die ASK\u00d6 und die Arbeitersportbewegung der Zwischenkriegszeit: Ein Vergleich radikaler Rahmung und Verwirklichung des Programms", "date": "2025", "keywords": "aber; als; antifascism; arbeiter; arbeitersport; ask\u00f6; auch; auf; b\u00fcrgerlichen; dass; dem; den; der; der ask\u00f6; des; deutsch; die; diese; durch; eine; f\u00fcr; gegen; hat; innen; ist; julius; kuhn; k\u00f6rperkultur; militarismus; mit; nicht; organisation; press; rote; sich; sie; sport; und; unter; vienna; von; war; waren; werden; wettbewerb; wien; wird; wurde; zum", "summary": "Es war dieser Widerspruch, der die faszinierende, aber letztendlich zum Scheitern verurteilte Arbeitersport Agenda der Arbeitsgemeinschaft f\u00fcr Sport und K\u00f6rperkultur in \u00d6sterreich (ASK\u00d6) pr\u00e4gte. Jedoch kann eine differenziertere und kritischere Analyse der Unterschiede zwischen den proklamierten Zielen der ASK\u00d6 und ihrer Verwirklichung in der Begr\u00fcndung und der Rahmung, die f\u00fcr die Militarisierung des Sports angef\u00fchrt wurden, erfolgen.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "cey-6241", "words": "8736", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "55", "author": "Warshaw, Flora", "title": "How Was the Restructuring of Antisemitism Used to Fuel German Nationalism (1871-1890)?", "date": "2025", "keywords": "antisemitism; german; history; identity; imperial; jews; movement; nationalism; new; no.1; press; review; state; stoecker; university; volkov", "summary": "Michael R. Marrus, \u201cEuropean Jewry and the Politics of Assimilation: Assessment and Reassessment,\u201d The Journal of Modern History 49, no.1 (March 1977): 103. 109 Oded Heilbronner, \u201cFrom Antisemitic Peripheries to Antisemitic Centres: The Place of Antisemitism in Modern German History,\u201d Journal of Contemporary History 35, no. 4 (October 2000): 569. \u201cFrom Antisemitic Peripheries to Antisemitic Centres: The Place of Antisemitism in Modern German History.\u201d", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "cey-6298", "words": "11189", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "46", "author": "Edwards, Elizabeth", "title": "Genocidaire Alfried Krupp: The Implications of Memorializing a Criminal Against Humanity", "date": "2025", "keywords": "business; concentration; core; crimes; denial; genocide; germany; history; hitler; holocaust; ibid; industry; krupp; labor; laborers; memory; nazi; new; trial; victims; war", "summary": "This research paper argues that the acceptance of the name of a criminal against humanity such as Alfried Krupp as a seemingly legitimate and desirable brand for industrial and commercial enterprises, as well as scholarly, educational, or medical institutions, amounts to an acceptance of Krupp\u2019s crimes and, 7 Trials of War Criminals Before the Nuernberg Military Tribunals under Control Council Law No.10, Nuernberg October 1946-April 1949, (Vol 9: The Krupp Case). In the case of Alfried Krupp, survivors\u2019 voices have not rung loud enough as the name \u201cKrupp\u201d remains an outsized figure when his victims have been forgotten.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "cey-6365", "words": "7373", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "53", "author": "Porter, Josephine", "title": "Jewish Women, Identity, and the Aufkl\u00e4rung: The German-speaking Enlightenment around 1800", "date": "2025", "keywords": "aufkl\u00e4rung; berlin; century; enlightenment; german; identity; jews; salons; society; sphere; varnhagen; women", "summary": "\u201cBerlin Landmarks\u201d: Jewish Women Using a gendered lens, we can find that Jewish women, as women, were able to access civil society despite their role in the inferior sex. While elite Jewish women had also been educated, it was not learning in the traditional Jewish way, but a flawed and defective form of Jewish Bildung. Jewish women, therefore, could not access the Haskalah in the same way as their male counterparts.45 The Jewish women\u2019s experience differed from Christian women\u2019s also; as Jewish women, society projected a sense of being foreign and exotic onto them, viewing them as \u201ceroticised and exoticised feminine [beauties].\u201d46 This perception of the \u201cJewess\u201d objectified Jewish women; their gender and religion were merged into an exotic form of beauty and morbid curiosity.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "cey-6530", "words": "6777", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "60", "author": "Deheer, Sorcha", "title": "Acts of Survival: Children\u2019s Writings From the Sajmiste Concentration Camp", "date": "2025", "keywords": "camp; childhood; children; diary; experiences; hilda; holocaust; survival; war; world; youth; \u0111ura", "summary": "The siblings were among hundreds of Jewish children who fled Germany for unoccupied France. Much like children\u2019s play mimics the social environment, the diaries of camp and ghetto children reproduce the experiences of those around them.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "cey-6543", "words": "8480", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "59", "author": "Tsui, Nicholas", "title": "Kang Youwei on Austria-Hungary: Lessons for China's Modernization", "date": "2025", "keywords": "austria; china; chinese; emperor; empire; german; habsburg; hungary; ibid; kang; kang youwei; people; power; quanji; system; youwei", "summary": "28 Youwei Kang \u5eb7\u6709\u4e3a, Kang Youwei Quanji \u5eb7\u6709\u4e3a\u5168\u96c6 Abstract This article analyzes how Kang Youwei (1858\u20131927), a reformer and intellectual in China, used examples from Austria-Hungary to support his plan to reform China.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "cey-6553", "words": "821", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "45", "author": "Weinshel, Meyer", "title": "Introduction", "date": "2025", "keywords": "articles; german; politics", "summary": "Paula Krajnik also addresses 19th century politics, notably in the parts of historic Silesia that remained under Habsburg rule, and sought greater autonomy within Austria-Hungary. As editor, I stress to readers that these terrifying political trends are sadly not new, and have been part of modern German politics for over 150 years.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "cey-6880", "words": "5851", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "46", "author": "Escoto, Rafael", "title": "Everything Old is New Again: Border Rituals and the Return of History in 'Green Border'", "date": "2025", "keywords": "belarus; border; crisis; europe; european; history; migration; poland; politics; populism; press; rights", "summary": "10 Grupa Granica, Report on the Situation of People at the Poland\u2013Belarus Border, October\u2013December 2021 (Warsaw: Grupa Granica, 2021), 30. 9 AIDA (Asylum Information Database), Country Report: Poland\u20142021 Update (Brussels: European Council on Refugees and Exiles, 2022). The European Commission and the 2021 Humanitarian Crisis on the Poland\u2013Belarus Border,\u201d Refugee Survey Quarterly 42, no. 1 (2023): 83-84.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "cey-6899", "words": "9113", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "70", "author": "Hooker, Chloe", "title": "\u201cWarriors of God\u201d and Their Perceptions during the Hussite Wars", "date": "2025", "keywords": "bohemia; church; crusade; czech; doc; fudge; god; heretics; hussite; jan; prague; sigismund; university; \u017ei\u017eka", "summary": "He moved to Prague in 1386 to attend the University of Prague, where he studied theology, graduated in three years with a B.A., and spent three more years getting an M.A. In 1398, he became a faculty 7 Fudge, The Magnificent Ride: The First Reformation in Hussite Bohemia. 6 Selected Historical Documents of the Middle Ages, translated and edited by Ernest F. Henderson, (London/New York 1892, 220-261): The Golden Bull of the Emperor Charles IV, 1356 A.D. 5 Fudge, The Magnificent Ride: The First Reformation in Hussite Bohemia.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "cey-7005", "words": "10217", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "48", "author": "Rutherford, Sylvia", "title": "From Self-Fashioning to State Symbol: Empress Elisabeth's Aesthetic Agency, Posthumous Cult, and National Appropriation in Austria", "date": "2025", "keywords": "austria; century; elisabeth; empress; empress elisabeth; femininity; figure; florek; franz; gender; habsburg; ibid; identity; image; national; public; schlipphacke; self; sissi; university; world", "summary": "12 Ibid., 7. 11 Olivia Gruber Florek, The Celebrity Monarch: Empress Elisabeth and the Modern Female Portrait (University of Delaware Press, 2022), 13. 79 Caitlin Gura, \u201cThe Austrian Aschenputtel: Empress Elisabeth of Austria as an Icon of Austrian National Identity,\u201d Trinity College Digital Repository, Trinity Papers (2013): 7, https://www.jstor.org/stable/community.38593922. 78 Erica Carter, \u201cSissi the Terrible: Melodrama, Victimhood, and Imperial Nostalgia in the Sissi Trilogy,\u201d in Screening War: Perspectives on German Suffering, ed.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "cey-7320", "words": "537", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "47", "author": "Weinshel, Meyer", "title": "Introduction", "date": "2025", "keywords": "journal; work", "summary": "Since becoming senior editor of the CEY in 2023, one of my goals was to better integrate the Center for Austrian Studies student staff into the journal\u2019s operations. Our capacity to publish new articles also reflects recent developments at the Center for Austrian Studies that took place over the course of the past year.", "mime": "application/pdf"}]