# bib

id: challenge-123
author: Taylor, Didra Brown
date: 2004
pages: 18
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 1
sentence: 1
flesch: -132
summary: v11_spring_11_challenge.pdf
cache: cache/challenge-123.pdf
txt: txt/challenge-123.txt
title:
  Malt Liquor Beer Related Knowledge, Influences, and Drinking Styles Among an Inner City Sample of African American Men


id: challenge-45
author: Mincy, Ronald B.
date: 1991
pages: 27
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 1
sentence: 1
flesch: -47
summary: v02_n01_challenge_may91.pdf
cache: cache/challenge-45.pdf
txt: txt/challenge-45.txt
title:
  Workforce 2000, Silver Bullet or Dud: Job Structure Changes and Economic Prospects for Black Males in the 1990s


id: challenge-99
author: Stanfield II, John H.
date: 1999
pages: 17
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 2
sentence: 1
flesch: -48
summary: Chal_v10n1winter_spring 1999.pdf
cache: cache/challenge-99.pdf
txt: txt/challenge-99.txt
title:
  Before the Rescue Squad Arrived: Community Sponsorship of Exceptional African-American Children in Poor Communities


id: challenge-137
author: Boss- Victoria, Rena G.; Ekundayo, Olugbemiga T.; Nowrojee, Sia
date: 2005
pages: 25
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 1
sentence: 1
flesch: -132
summary: v11_no02_spring05_challenge.pdf
cache: cache/challenge-137.pdf
txt: txt/challenge-137.txt
title:
  Participation, Culture and Identity: Engaging Young African American Men in HIV/AIDS Prevention*: Engaging Young African American Men in HIV/AIDS Prevention


id: challenge-121
author: Martin, Jack K.; Tuch, Steven A.; Roman, Paul A.; Dixon, Jeff
date: 2004
pages: 34
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 1
sentence: 1
flesch: -132
summary: v11_spring_11_challenge.pdf
cache: cache/challenge-121.pdf
txt: txt/challenge-121.txt
title:
  Patterns of Problem Drinking Among Employed African American Men Preliminary Results from a National Survey:: Preliminary Results from a National Survey


id: challenge-13
author: Javaid, Sadia; Barkar, Narviar C.; Shahid, Ali; Jabeen, Shaquifa; Bailey, Rahn Kennedy
title: Disparities in Health Care among African Americans
date: 2020
pages: 10
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 4255
sentence: 220
flesch: 53
cache: cache/challenge-13.pdf
txt: txt/challenge-13.txt
summary:
  Disparities in Health Care among African Americans Sadia Javaid Narviar C. Barker Ali Shahid Shagufta Jabeen Rahn Kennedy Bailey Meharry Medical College Abstract Many variables determine the quality of health care received by persons of color in the United States. Historically African Americans have not always received equity in health care, access to health care and equality in treatment, which has led to poorer overall health status than Caucasians.


id: challenge-139
author: Mukenge, Tshilemalema; Mukenge, Ida Rousseau
date: 2005
pages: 28
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 2
sentence: 1
flesch: 35
summary: Chal_v11n2spring 2005.pdf
cache: cache/challenge-139.pdf
txt: txt/challenge-139.txt
title:
  Children in French-Speaking African Immigrant Families: Assessing Health Disparities, Cultural Resources, and Health Services


id: challenge-133
author: Denzmore, Pamela; Dilorio, Colleen; McCarty, Frances
date: 2005
pages: 17
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 1
sentence: 1
flesch: -132
summary: v11_no02_spring05_challenge.pdf
cache: cache/challenge-133.pdf
txt: txt/challenge-133.txt
title:
  The P.A.T.I.E.N.C.E. Model: An Approach to Recruiting African American Fathers and Sons for Behavioral Research Studies


id: challenge-1
author: Baird, Anne Caroll
title: Differences in Types of Intimate Partner Violence: Implications for Public Policy
date: 2020
pages: 8
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 3876
sentence: 274
flesch: 55
cache: cache/challenge-1.pdf
txt: txt/challenge-1.txt
summary:
  In this article, I consider the importance of making distinctions among types of intimate partner violence, the effects of failure to do so, along with implications for research, advocacy, and treatment. Perception versus Reality The model of intimate partner violence that prevails in the media and public perception is that of the controlling male who inflicts increasingly harsh physical, emo- tional, and psychological harm on his partner until either she successfully leaves or he kills her (Johnson 2008).


id: challenge-145
author: Hewitt, Cynthia Lucas; Brown, Robert A.; Hodge, Michael
date: 2006
pages: 24
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 1
sentence: 1
flesch: -132
summary: v12_no01_challenge_spring06.pdf
cache: cache/challenge-145.pdf
txt: txt/challenge-145.txt
title:
  The Political Economy of Black Business Development: African American Urban Representation and Black Business Prosperity


id: challenge-167
author: Ekundayo, Olugbemiga T.; Hossain, Mian Bazle; Azevedo, Mario; Eouanzoui, Kianre
date: 2007
pages: 33
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 1
sentence: 1
flesch: -47
summary: Chal_v13n1_Spring07.pdf
cache: cache/challenge-167.pdf
txt: txt/challenge-167.txt
title:
  Birth Control Behavior and Partner Notification of STI/HIV: Distinguishing Verbal and Non-Verbal forms of Behavior


id: challenge-161
author: Whaley, George L.; Ford, Jr., David L.
date: 2007
pages: 28
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 1
sentence: 1
flesch: -132
summary: v13_no1_spring07_challenge.pdf
cache: cache/challenge-161.pdf
txt: txt/challenge-161.txt
title:
  Perceptions Regarding Workplace Opportunity Models by African Immigrants and African Americans: An Exploratory SYMLOG Analysis


id: challenge-17
author: Puri, M. Rehan; Gbadebo-Goyea, Ernest A.; Barkar, Narviar C.; Bailey, Rahn Kennedy
title: Prostate Cancer in African American Males: Psychological Effects of Diagnosis and Prostatectomy
date: 2020
pages: 11
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 5479
sentence: 272
flesch: 47
cache: cache/challenge-17.pdf
txt: txt/challenge-17.txt
summary:
  Specific interventions to address psychological distress and overall quality of life for African American prostate cancer patients should be tailored to meet the specific needs of African American men. In their study, Lubeck and colleagues (2001) found that in addition to poorer health status and physical functioning including by more bodily pain, African American prostate cancer patients had poorer emotional functioning and self-esteem and more health-related distress than white men did.


id: challenge-7
author: Mukenge, Tshilemalema
title: Family and Religion in Luba Life: Centrality, Pervasiveness, Change and Continuity
date: 2020
pages: 12
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 5942
sentence: 363
flesch: 57
cache: cache/challenge-7.pdf
txt: txt/challenge-7.txt
summary:
  In addition to the fact that in levirate or sororate one of the biological parents continues to live with them, Luba children are raised in such a way that the loss of a parent does not become a major disruption in their lives. Luba ancestors protect marriage and legitimate procreation by prohibiting Mukenge 25 the infidelity of the wife, by forbidding the man to house his legitimate wife, especially the senior wife, in a home he has reviled with extra-marital relations, or to return to her wife the same day he has had sexual intercourse with another woman.


id: challenge-9
author: Rhodes, Colbert; Butler, John Sibley
date: 2020
pages: 16
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 7787
sentence: 504
flesch: 47
cache: cache/challenge-9.pdf
txt: txt/challenge-9.txt
title:
  Organizational Membership and Business Success: The Importance of Networking and Moving Beyond Homophily

summary:
  Black entrepreneurs who remain in networks of ho- mophily may prefer membership in black voluntary organizations. Black entrepreneurs whose marketing strategy was to provide personal service to customers are more likely to belong to black voluntary organizations.


id: challenge-11
author: Buseh, Aaron G.; Kelber, Sheryl T.; Stevens, Patricia E.; Poedel, Robin J.; Park, Chang Gi
date: 2020
pages: 18
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 9006
sentence: 418
flesch: 48
cache: cache/challenge-11.pdf
txt: txt/challenge-11.txt
title:
  Interpersonal and Attitudinal Factors in Healthcare Utilization among HIV-Infected Urban African American Men

summary:
  To examine the relation- ship between individual (social demographic) characteristics, health care utilization, stigma, and self-efficacy, and attitudes toward HIV health care providers, a series of analysis were executed. In this sample the Mean=27.56 (SD=7.36) with a Cronbach’s alpha of 0.93. Attitudes toward HIV healthcare providers.


id: challenge-171
author: Taylor, Sandra E.; Jones, Tara
date: 2007
pages: 12
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 4267
sentence: 192
flesch: 44
cache: cache/challenge-171.pdf
txt: txt/challenge-171.txt
title:
  African American College Students’ Attitudes toward HIV/AIDS: Implications for Historically Black Colleges and Universities.

summary:
  Much of the literature has stressed the need for prevention and information messages that are tailored to the populations that appear increasingly vulnerable, including African American college students. Results and Discussion The domains related to college students’ thoughts and feelings regarding HIV/AIDS and the resulting themes provide insights as to how African American college students might be inclined to violate risk reduction and safer sex practices.


id: challenge-207
author: Reed, Wornie
title: The Black Golf Caddy: A Victim of Labor Market Discrimination
date: 2008
pages: 11
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 4125
sentence: 251
flesch: 68
cache: cache/challenge-207.pdf
txt: txt/challenge-207.txt
summary:
  Challenge, Vol. 14, No. 1 Challenge 61 The Black Golf Caddy: A Victim of Labor Market Discrimination Wornie Reed1 University of Tennessee-Knoxville Abstract For generations, country clubs and the Professional Golf Association (PGA) Tour featured white golfers crossing manicured fairways, followed by black caddies carrying their bags. In the 1950s and early 1960s, black caddies traveled from event to event across the country on greyhound buses, segregated to the back of the bus, and changing their clothes in the woods or in the parking lot (Caddy Bytes 2007).


id: challenge-177
title: Intersection Between Race, Gender, and Sexual Risk: Implications for STI/HIV on HBCU Campuses
date: 2007
pages: 24
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 7518
sentence: 381
flesch: 55
cache: cache/challenge-177.pdf
txt: txt/challenge-177.txt
author:
  Younge, Sinead N.; Smith, Deidre; Young, Lawrence; Cole, Daphne; Reynolds, Lauren; Dixon, Raqiyah; Robinson, Wilton; Buchanan, Porsche N.

summary:
  Bakken and Winter (2002) show that there is an association between family characteristics and age of sexual initiation as well as the lifetime number of sexual partners (both variables that are important in assessing sexual risk). Kirby et al. (1994) provide a review of school based programs designed to reduce sexual risk taking behavior among adolescents.


id: challenge-15
author: Osiezagha, Kenneth; Kaur, Amandeep; Barkar, Narviar C.; Bailey, Rahn Kennedy
title: Suicide and African Americans: An Overview
date: 2020
pages: 11
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 5516
sentence: 342
flesch: 54
cache: cache/challenge-15.pdf
txt: txt/challenge-15.txt
summary:
  Misclassification of Suicide Actual studies of suicide among African Americans is compromised by the fact that African American suicides are more likely to be misclassified than any other ethnic group (Phillips and Ruth 1993; Warhauer and Monk 1978). Some researchers suggest that African American suicides may be “disguised” in the form of “victim-precipitated homicides” (Garrison et al. 1991), or as accidental deaths.


id: challenge-355
author: Williams, George W.
title: Racial Differences in Somatic Symptoms of Depression
date: 2009
pages: 17
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 4998
sentence: 276
flesch: 61
cache: cache/challenge-355.pdf
txt: txt/challenge-355.txt
summary:
  Kessler et al. 2001; Mojtabai, Olfson and Mechanic 2002; Office of the Surgeon General 2001; Perlick et al. 2001; Snowden 1999). For example, acute pain has not typically been included in widely used depression diagnostic criteria (Williams et al.).


id: challenge-203
author: Braddock, II, Jomills Henry; Lv, Hua; Dawkins, Marvin P.
date: 2008
pages: 25
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 8433
sentence: 431
flesch: 47
cache: cache/challenge-203.pdf
txt: txt/challenge-203.txt
title:
  College Athletic Reputation and College Choice among African American High School Seniors: Evidence from the Educational Longitudinal Study

summary:
  They also note that the importance of college athletic reputation tends to be emphasized by males, students from higher SES backgrounds, students who participate in varsity intercollegiate athletics, students attending public colleges and universities, and, interestingly, by students who place strong emphasis on college academic reputation. Florida Abstract This study extends research on college choice, with recent national survey data, by examining what African American students say about the importance of college athletic reputation in choosing which school to attend.


id: challenge-179
author: Frew, Paula M.; Archibald, Matthew; Martinez, Nina; Rio, Carlos del; Mulligan, Mark J.
date: 2007
pages: 24
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 7449
sentence: 387
flesch: 47
cache: cache/challenge-179.pdf
txt: txt/challenge-179.txt
title:
  Promoting HIV Vaccine Research in African American Communities: Does the Theory of Reasoned Action Explain Potential Outcomes of Involvement?

summary:
  In a longitudinal, within group, cluster analysis of the heterogeneity patterns of sexual risk behaviors among African American youth, Burrow and colleagues (2007) found that patterns of sexual risk were related to lifetime psychiatric diagnoses, which is consistent with previous research in this age group (Shrier, Harris, Kurland, & Knight, 2003). The behaviors of college students in general, and the combination of environment and individual behaviors, warrants further investigation of sexual risk behaviors among Black college students.


id: challenge-5
author: King, Mansa Bilal Mark
title: Interfaith Families through Conversion to Islam: Akan Muslims in Southern Ghana
date: 2020
pages: 12
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 6276
sentence: 402
flesch: 60
cache: cache/challenge-5.pdf
txt: txt/challenge-5.txt
summary:
  That is, readers may wonder how Muslim families respond to their children embracing Christianity or some other faith. It also meant that naming ceremonies, weddings, and funerals continued to be attended by family members of all faiths.


id: challenge-209
author: Dawkins, Marvin P.; Farrell, Walter C.,
title: Joe Louis and the Struggle of African American Golfers for Visibility and Access
date: 2008
pages: 19
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 7830
sentence: 333
flesch: 59
cache: cache/challenge-209.pdf
txt: txt/challenge-209.txt
summary:
  Therefore, the press conference announcing the coming of the 1949 UGA and Joe Louis tournaments to Detroit generated significant attention. Also in that year (1949), the UGA championship and Joe Louis Open tournaments were being held in the same city on back-to- back weekends.


id: challenge-349
author: Weston, Joan
title: The South Rises Yet Again: Wal-Mart and the Post-Civil Rights Consumer Empowerment Movement
date: 2009
pages: 14
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 4848
sentence: 221
flesch: 48
cache: cache/challenge-349.pdf
txt: txt/challenge-349.txt
summary:
  Hayes goes on to caution national and multinational corporations to respect African American consumers and to work harder to understand Black America. They must also be mindful to include the cultural narratives of African American consumer empowerment as they engage international sociologists in comparative research on workers in the Pearl River Delta, farmers in Chile, truckers in Mexico and consumers in Brazil.


id: challenge-205
author: Harrison, C. Keith
date: 2008
pages: 22
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 7550
sentence: 467
flesch: 61
cache: cache/challenge-205.pdf
txt: txt/challenge-205.txt
title:
  “Athleticated” Versus Educated: A Qualitative Investigation of Campus Perceptions, Recruiting and African American Male Student-Athletes

summary:
  I thought about how well student athletes are treated on campuses more specifically football and basketball, from watching movies it seems that these athletes get everything; personal tours, the girls, and the attention (054). Jocks, or student athletes as they are sometimes called, are very callous and tactless individuals who are also usually morons.


id: challenge-351
author: Williams, Ed
date: 2009
pages: 18
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 4490
sentence: 245
flesch: 42
cache: cache/challenge-351.pdf
txt: txt/challenge-351.txt
title:
  Evaluation of a School Systems Plan to Utilize Teachers’ Perceptions of Principal Leadership to Improve Student Achievement

summary:
  Student achievement was measured by performance on the Georgia Criterion-Referenced Competency Tests (CRCT) during the 2004-05 and 2005-06 school years. Because of the pervasiveness of poor performance in urban communities, citizens are demanding tangible improvements in student achievement and discipline.


id: challenge-195
author: Dawkins, Marvin P.; Braddock, II, Jomills Henry; Celaya, Adrienne
date: 2008
pages: 15
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 26254
sentence: 72
flesch: -248
cache: cache/challenge-195.pdf
txt: txt/challenge-195.txt
title:
  Academic Engagement among African American Males Who Hold Aspirations for Athletic Careers in Professional Sports

summary:
  ���� � ���� ������� ���� � ����������������+�� �� ������ ������ ������� ������� �� ��3���� � ������ ��� � �� � �� ��� � ���4E�6� ��� ����� �� � ��� ���� � ���� �� �� ������� ����� �! ���� � ��#�� ��������� �<������� ������ � ��� � � �� ����������� �� ���� �)� ��� ��� � ��������� �� �� �� �� �� ��� �� ���������� ����� �� ��� ���� �#�� 1�������� ����� ������)� ���4� � �6�������� ������� ���� � � ������ ��������� � ����� ���� ��� � �����#� �L��������� ��� ������� � ��� ��� �� � ���� ������ �� � ������� ������ � ��� ���� �� ���� � � �� � ������� ����� ���!�� � ��3����������� �� ������� ��� #��B ���< � ���� ����� ��� �� ���� �� ��� � ���� ����� )�� �<�������� �� �� � ���� � ��� � ����� ������+� ������ �� ���� ��� �������� � ����� ���� ����������� ���� ����������������+7�� ��� �� ������� ���� ��� � � ����� ������ )���� ������ �� �� ���#��(��������+� �� ���� ��� ����������� ������� ��� �� ��������� ��� � ������ ���� ��� ������� ��� ��� �� ����������� ������ ��� �� � �� �� �� ��� ��� �����������������!) 1 http://digitalcommons.auctr.edu/challenge/vol14/iss2/1 ������� ������ � ������ �� ��� ����� � ��� ���� ���������� ���� � �������������� ����� ��� � �� ��� ����� ����������� ��� ������ ����� ���)� ���&//H�� ��� ������� �� �� ��� ���� �� � ��� ��� �� ��������(� ���&//���� ����� ��� ���� � ����� ��� ������< ����������< ������ �� � �� � ���� ������� � �< � � ���� � ����� � ��������� ����� � ��� �)�� ���� ! ��� ��# ������ ����=�=���� ����� ������$������� �� �:���*����� +�� L����� ��� � � ����� � ��������� ��� ���� ������ � �� ����� �� ����� 4��� �� � ��6� �� �� �� ����� ����� ���� ��� �� ��� ����� ��� ����������� �� � � ���3�� ��� � ���� � �� � ����� � � �� � ��� � �� ��� � ������ ��� ����� �� ��� � � �� �< ��������� �� �������� �� � �)� � ���� ! ��� ��� � ��� � ��������� �� �� ���� � � �� ��� ������ ����� �� ��� ��� � ���� �� ��7��������< ������������� � �� ������� � ���� �������� �� �� ���� ��� � �#��$���� �� ������ ���� ������� ����� ��� ������ � �� ���� ����� ���������� ��� �� ���� �������� ��� � � ���� �� �� ����� ����< ��������� �� ���������������� �� �� ���� ������� ����� �� ������ ���� ������� �� ���� ����� �� ���� �������� �� �� ���� � ��������� ���� ���� ��� � �# -�� ���� �/ 1���� � ������+��� ������� ��� ������� ��(���� ��(����� ��� ����� ������� � ��� ������ ���������� �� �� �����8����� ������ �#��1���������� �� �� �� ���� ��� ����� �� ������ ����������!�� ���� ����� �#��1���� ����� �)��� � �� � � �����8����� ���� � � � � �� ��� ��� � ��� �� ����� ��� ��� � � ���� ������� � �!


id: challenge-183
author: Mukenge, Ida Rousseau
title: Challenge, Vol. 16, Issue 1
date: 2020
pages: 48
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 23898
sentence: 1540
flesch: 54
cache: cache/challenge-183.pdf
txt: txt/challenge-183.txt
summary:
  The cooperation and material support of other family members is indispensable. It also meant that naming ceremonies, weddings, and funerals continued to be attended by family members of all faiths.


id: challenge-153
author: Wallace, Edward V.
date: 2006
pages: 6
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 1
sentence: 1
flesch: -47
summary: Chal_v12n1_Spring06.pdf
cache: cache/challenge-153.pdf
txt: txt/challenge-153.txt
title:
  African American Fruit and Vegetable Garden Project: An Intervention to Promote Fresh Fruit and Vegetable Consumption Among Incarcerated Juvenile Males


id: challenge-169
author: Mukenge, Ida Rousseau
title: Challenge
date: 2019
pages: 97
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 30503
sentence: 1634
flesch: 51
cache: cache/challenge-169.pdf
txt: txt/challenge-169.txt
summary:
  Through the NIH- sponsored Local Partnership Program (LPP) initiative, funding has been provided for the development of local community engagement programs in cities where HIV vaccine research studies are taking place. Younge, ET AL. 43 43 Mukenge: <i>Challenge</i>, Vol. 13, No. 2 Published by DigitalCommons@Robert W. Woodruff Library, Atlanta University Center, 2007 Despite engaging in high-risk activities, college students (including Black college students) have a low subjective perception of HIV risk (Payne, 2006).


id: challenge-197
author: Robertson, Ray V.; Mason, Danielle
date: 2008
pages: 23
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 36891
sentence: 76
flesch: -371
cache: cache/challenge-197.pdf
txt: txt/challenge-197.txt
title:
  What Works? A Qualitative Examination of the Factors Related to the Academic Success of African American Males at a Predominantly white College in the South

summary:
  � ���� ����� � ���� � �� �����L�� ��� �� �� � �#�$��� �������� � ����� ������ �� � ����� �� � ���� ��� ��+� �)�� ����� ��� ��� ����� ��� ����� � � �� ����� � ������ ��� �� �����B� ����&//;�#�+� �)�� ���� � ����� ���� �������� ��� � ��� � �L�� �� � ��� �� ��� ������ � ��� ����� ���� �� ��� �� ����� � �� ��� ����� ��� � �����#�#���� ����� � ���������� �����)���� �� ����������� �� ������ �� �� �� ������ � � � �� �� ���� ��� ��3!+ �� 3 �� � � �#� ���F�#� +� �)� � ���� �� ��� � ��� ��)���� � ������� � �L�� �� � ��� �� ������� ���� ���3�� ����� � ������ �������� ��� ���� ������ � �� ����� � � ��� �� L�� ��� ���� ���(������ � �������#��+ �� �� ��� � ����� � ����'������� � ��� �� ��� �<�� ���� �� �� ���#� % �� � �� �&//9�� ����� �� ��� �� � �� � ������� �� � �L�� ��� ���������+� �)�� ���� ��� ��� ��� ������ � ���� ��� � �L�� �� ����� ��� ���#�, � ����� �� ������������� ��+� �)� � ���� �� ���� ��� � ��� �� ��3 � �� ��L�� �� ����� ��� ���������� ���� ��� ����������� ��� ����� � �����'��� ����� ��+� �)�� ����� ��� � ��� ��� ����������� �� �� ��< � �������+� �)���� ������ � ��������� ������ �� � ����� � ����������������� ���L�� ���������� ��������# $��� ��� ������ ��� ����� �� � � ������� �� � �� �� ������ �� ��� ����� ������ � ����� ���� K �� ��� ����������� ���� #�B� ����� � �#��&//H�� �� �� � � �������!������ � ����+� �)�� ����������� �������� �� ����� ���� ����<����� �� ��� � � �������L�� ������� ������ ��� � �� ����� � ��� �� �*����� ���.� %�+6������������01�����0����������� ��- 74 Challenge, Vol. 14 %�+6������������01�����0����������� ��- 76 Challenge, Vol. 14


id: challenge-199
author: Mukenge, Ida Rousseau
title: Challenge
date: 2008
pages: 96
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 33513
sentence: 1832
flesch: 56
cache: cache/challenge-199.pdf
txt: txt/challenge-199.txt
summary:
  “Social adjustment experiences of African American college students.” Journal of Counseling and Development 77: 189-197. 12 Challenge 16 Challenge, Vol. 14 Using data from the National Educational Longitudinal Study (NELS), Braddock, Sokol-Katz, Basinger- Fleischman, and Lv (2006) found that, while “academic” and “economic” considerations had the greatest impact on student college choice, college athletic reputation was the most important among the “social” issues students consider in selecting a college to attend.


id: challenge-201
author: Comeaux, Eddie
date: 2008
pages: 13
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 4709
sentence: 248
flesch: 44
cache: cache/challenge-201.pdf
txt: txt/challenge-201.txt
title:
  Black Males in the College Classroom: A Quantitative Analysis of Student Athlete-Faculty Interactions

summary:
  One potentially important aspect of the environmental experience involves student athletes’ interactions with faculty, which too often influences their educational outcomes in negative ways (Engstrom, Sedlacek, & McEwen 1995; Sailes 1993). A previous study by Comeaux (2005) lends support to this finding insofar as the nature and quality of interactions between student athlete and faculty matters.


id: challenge-353
author: Conyers, Addrain
title: Dual Deviants: The Balancing Act of Black Graduate Students
date: 2009
pages: 22
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 8042
sentence: 428
flesch: 59
cache: cache/challenge-353.pdf
txt: txt/challenge-353.txt
summary:
  Making use of interview data, this study investigates the life of black graduate students as they manage two spoiled identities, one in the academic world and the other in the black community. Dual Deviants The research mentioned illustrates the simultaneous deviant statuses that Black graduate students must manage.


id: challenge-193
author: Hua, Lv; Braddock, II, Jomills Henry
title: School Sports and Adolescent Steroid Use: National Trends and Race-Ethnic Variations
date: 2008
pages: 21
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 35668
sentence: 113
flesch: -198
cache: cache/challenge-193.pdf
txt: txt/challenge-193.txt
summary:
  1 http://digitalcommons.auctr.edu/challenge/vol14/iss2/1 �� ��������� %�=�� ���� �� � � �7� � �� ���� �� � �� � ��� � ���)�� �� �� ��� 8�������� ��B �������+ ������ ���8�����)��&//;�������� �� ������' �� � � ��� ���������� ��� � ����&���� ���� � ������ �� ���� �� ��� ������ ��� ���� ��� � ��� ����� ������ � ����� ��� ��� � ��� ����� � ���)�� �� �� �:�����'���� ������ ���� ������� �������������� � ��� ���:��F���� ��� � ���� ���� ����� � �� ����� ��� � �� ������������ �� ��� ����� ��� ������ ����� ������� � � � ��� ���:� ����I�� � ������ ������� ����� �� � �������� �� ��� � �� ���� �� � ���� ��� ������ � ������ � ������ � ��� � �#�$����� ����� �� �� ������ ��� ���������=������ ��)� ��� ����� ��� �� ����� ���� ��� � ��������� !! 1 http://digitalcommons.auctr.edu/challenge/vol14/iss2/1 �� ��������� � ��� �� �� ���� � ��� ���1*@� � ����� ����� �����)� �� � ��� �� ���� �� ����������������� �� �����K�� � ���?�% � �� � �#�&//F �#��� �� ���������� � ���������� ��� ���� ��� ������ ����� �� ����� � �� � ��� ���� ��� ��������� ������� ��� ��� ��� � �� �����1 �� � ��� � �#�&/;/�#�(� ���� � �� ��������������� � ��������� ���� ��� � � ��� ��������� ���� ������� �� ������������������ ��������� ��� �� ��� ��� ������� ���� ��� ���� �� ����� �� ����� � �� � ��� ���� ��� ��������� ������� ��� ��� ��� � � � ���� �1 �� � �� � � �#� &/;/�#� � B �� ��� �� ����� �� � ���� � ��� �� � �� � ����� � �� �� ��3 � ������������� ���(����� ��(� ����� ��0��� ������ ���(����� ��5 ������ ��� � ��8��������� ��� ���, � � ��� ���� �� ��� 5 ��� � �����(�� �� � ��� ������ ������ ���� ������ ������ �� � ���� � �� ���#��+�� ���� � ����� �� ���������� ������'� � ��� � ��� ������� ���� �� � � � ����� �������)� ��� � �� ����� � ���� ��� ��������� � ��������# *������� ���� ������� �������� ��� � ���� ���� ���� � ������ �! ��� � � �� ��� � �����'� � � � ���� �� �� � ������ � ������� ��� ������� �� � � � ��� ��� �����>������ �D ������ ����� !B � ��� ��� ? ����� &/;H:�,��� ���8 �� �� ��� ���+�� ����&/;H:�0 ��� ���5 ���� ��� %��� ��� ��&//�:��� ���&//��#�(� ������ ���� ��������� �� �� ����� �� �� ����� ����� �������� �������)���� �� ��#�B ���< � ����E%+��� � ��� ��&///������ �� � �� � ���� ��� � ��� � � � ������� ��� � ���� ��� ��� ���� )����� ��K� � � �������� ����� �����)���� �� ����� � ��� ��� �������� ��������� ����)!


id: challenge-187
author: Mukenge, Ida Rousseau
title: Challenge
date: 2019
pages: 87
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 139977
sentence: 382
flesch: -250
cache: cache/challenge-187.pdf
txt: txt/challenge-187.txt
summary:
  ���� � ���� ������� ���� � ����������������+�� �� ������ ������ ������� ������� �� ��3���� � ������ ��� � �� � �� ��� � ���4E�6� ��� ����� �� � ��� ���� � ���� �� �� ������� ����� �! ���� � ��#�� ��������� �<������� ������ � ��� � � �� ����������� �� ���� �)� ��� ��� � ��������� �� �� �� �� �� ��� �� ���������� ����� �� ��� ���� �#�� 1�������� ����� ������)� ���4� � �6�������� ������� ���� � � ������ ��������� � ����� ���� ��� � �����#� �L��������� ��� ������� � ��� ��� �� � ���� ������ �� � ������� ������ � ��� ���� �� ���� � � �� � ������� ����� ���!�� � ��3����������� �� ������� ��� #��B ���< � ���� ����� ��� �� ���� �� ��� � ���� ����� )�� �<�������� �� �� � ���� � ��� � ����� ������+� ������ �� ���� ��� �������� � ����� ���� ����������� ���� ����������������+7�� ��� �� ������� ���� ��� � � ����� ������ )���� ������ �� �� ���#��(��������+� �� ���� ��� ����������� ������� ��� �� ��������� ��� � ������ ���� ��� ������� ��� ��� �� ����������� ������ ��� �� � �� �� �� ��� ��� �����������������!) � ���� � �������� � �� � ������#��(�� � � �� � ��� �� � � ��� �� &���&� �������� ��� ��� � �� ����� ��� �� �� � �� � �� �� �C����� ��� ����� �� &� �� �� ����#� �-�� ��� �������� ������5 � ����� ��� ���� ��� ���������� ����C9�� � ��� ��������� ������� �H;G������ ��� ��� ���� � �#� � 1���� ��� �� � � � ���� ����� ���� � �� ���� � � ���� �� �� ������ ����� ���� �� � �������� ������������� ��#��-�� ���&C�9/&� ��������&� ���� ������&9�FH��� � �� ������������;C#FG������ ������ ���� ��������� 8 Challenge, Vol. 14


id: challenge-191
author: O'Bryan, Simone Travis; Braddock, II, Jomills Henry; Dawkins, Marvin P.
date: 2008
pages: 87
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 139977
sentence: 382
flesch: -250
cache: cache/challenge-191.pdf
txt: txt/challenge-191.txt
title:
  An Examination of the Effects of School-Based Varsity Sport Participation and Parental Involvement on Male Academic Behaviors

summary:
  ���� � ���� ������� ���� � ����������������+�� �� ������ ������ ������� ������� �� ��3���� � ������ ��� � �� � �� ��� � ���4E�6� ��� ����� �� � ��� ���� � ���� �� �� ������� ����� �! ���� � ��#�� ��������� �<������� ������ � ��� � � �� ����������� �� ���� �)� ��� ��� � ��������� �� �� �� �� �� ��� �� ���������� ����� �� ��� ���� �#�� 1�������� ����� ������)� ���4� � �6�������� ������� ���� � � ������ ��������� � ����� ���� ��� � �����#� �L��������� ��� ������� � ��� ��� �� � ���� ������ �� � ������� ������ � ��� ���� �� ���� � � �� � ������� ����� ���!�� � ��3����������� �� ������� ��� #��B ���< � ���� ����� ��� �� ���� �� ��� � ���� ����� )�� �<�������� �� �� � ���� � ��� � ����� ������+� ������ �� ���� ��� �������� � ����� ���� ����������� ���� ����������������+7�� ��� �� ������� ���� ��� � � ����� ������ )���� ������ �� �� ���#��(��������+� �� ���� ��� ����������� ������� ��� �� ��������� ��� � ������ ���� ��� ������� ��� ��� �� ����������� ������ ��� �� � �� �� �� ��� ��� �����������������!) � ���� � �������� � �� � ������#��(�� � � �� � ��� �� � � ��� �� &���&� �������� ��� ��� � �� ����� ��� �� �� � �� � �� �� �C����� ��� ����� �� &� �� �� ����#� �-�� ��� �������� ������5 � ����� ��� ���� ��� ���������� ����C9�� � ��� ��������� ������� �H;G������ ��� ��� ���� � �#� � 1���� ��� �� � � � ���� ����� ���� � �� ���� � � ���� �� �� ������ ����� ���� �� � �������� ������������� ��#��-�� ���&C�9/&� ��������&� ���� ������&9�FH��� � �� ������������;C#FG������ ������ ���� ��������� 8 Challenge, Vol. 14


