challenge: A Pathfinder

This is a computer-generated pathfinder created against the Distant Reader study called challenge.

Each Distant Reader study carrel is composed of many individual items. Each item is bibliographically described with author, title, date, summary, and keyword values. Below is a list of the items' most signficant keywords as well as lists of the items themselves. Purpusing the content of this pathfinder provides the student, researcher, or scholar with one way to get their heads around the scope of the carrel. The keywords include:

Percent; Women; Aids; Students; School; Health; Community; Life; Family; Golf; V05_no02_issu; Chal_v6n1august; 2005.pdf

Depending on how this pathfinder was created, many of the bibliographic sections will include elaborations on the meaning(s) of the given keywords. These elaborations were generated by feeding the items' summaries to a large langauge model and asking the model to address the question, "What is X?", where "X" is the keyword. The result will be a few sentences of elaboration. Be forewarned. The elaborations are often plausible, but they should not be take as truth. Instead, they should be taken as points for consideration.

• Interpersonal and Attitudinal Factors in Healthcare Utilization among HIV-Infected Urban African American Men by Buseh, Aaron G.; Kelber, Sheryl T.; Stevens, Patricia E.; Poedel, Robin J.; Park, Chang Gi (2020) - To examine the relation- ship between individual (social demographic) characteristics, health care utilization, stigma, and self-efficacy, and attitudes toward HIV health care providers, a series of analysis were executed. In this sample the Mean=27.56 (SD=7.36) with a Cronbach’s alpha of 0.93. Attitudes toward HIV healthcare providers. Keywords: aids; attitudes; care; efficacy; health care; healthcare; hiv; men; participants; patient; percent; providers; scale; self; stigma; total; utilization
• Disparities in Health Care among African Americans by Javaid, Sadia; Barkar, Narviar C.; Shahid, Ali; Jabeen, Shaquifa; Bailey, Rahn Kennedy (2020) - Disparities in Health Care among African Americans Sadia Javaid Narviar C. Barker Ali Shahid Shagufta Jabeen Rahn Kennedy Bailey Meharry Medical College Abstract Many variables determine the quality of health care received by persons of color in the United States. Historically African Americans have not always received equity in health care, access to health care and equality in treatment, which has led to poorer overall health status than Caucasians. Keywords: african; americans; cancer; care; disparities; health; insurance; percent; population; rate; white
• Suicide and African Americans: An Overview by Osiezagha, Kenneth; Kaur, Amandeep; Barkar, Narviar C.; Bailey, Rahn Kennedy (2020) - Misclassification of Suicide Actual studies of suicide among African Americans is compromised by the fact that African American suicides are more likely to be misclassified than any other ethnic group (Phillips and Ruth 1993; Warhauer and Monk 1978). Some researchers suggest that African American suicides may be “disguised” in the form of “victim-precipitated homicides” (Garrison et al. 1991), or as accidental deaths. Keywords: abuse; african; american; behavior; factors; health; journal; percent; prevention; rate; risk; states; suicide; youth
• Challenge, Vol. 16, Issue 1 by Mukenge, Ida Rousseau (2020) - The cooperation and material support of other family members is indispensable. It also meant that naming ceremonies, weddings, and funerals continued to be attended by family members of all faiths. Keywords: african; american; business; children; christian; community; conversion; customers; entrepreneurs; families; family; ghana; help; information; islam; journal; life; luba; man; marriage; membership; muslim; networks; new; organization; partner; partner violence; people; percent; press; relatives; religion; research; respondents; university; violence; white; wife; women; years
• Challenge by Mukenge, Ida Rousseau (2008) - “Social adjustment experiences of African American college students.” Journal of Counseling and Development 77: 189-197. 12 Challenge 16 Challenge, Vol. 14 Using data from the National Educational Longitudinal Study (NELS), Braddock, Sokol-Katz, Basinger- Fleischman, and Lv (2006) found that, while “academic” and “economic” considerations had the greatest impact on student college choice, college athletic reputation was the most important among the “social” issues students consider in selecting a college to attend. Keywords: academic; african; american; art; athletes; athletic; atlanta; black; caddies; center; challenge; college; college choice; college student; digitalcommons@robert; education; faculty; golf; golfers; high; importance; iss; joe; joe louis; library; louis; male; mukenge; national; new; open; percent; pga; professional; reputation; school; seniors; sports; student; study; tournament; university; vol; white; woodruff
• “Athleticated” Versus Educated: A Qualitative Investigation of Campus Perceptions, Recruiting and African American Male Student-Athletes by Harrison, C. Keith (2008) - I thought about how well student athletes are treated on campuses more specifically football and basketball, from watching movies it seems that these athletes get everything; personal tours, the girls, and the attention (054). Jocks, or student athletes as they are sometimes called, are very callous and tactless individuals who are also usually morons. Keywords: african; american; athletes; black; college; male; new; percent; race; sports; student; study; table; university; white
• Organizational Membership and Business Success: The Importance of Networking and Moving Beyond Homophily by Rhodes, Colbert; Butler, John Sibley (2020) - Black entrepreneurs who remain in networks of ho- mophily may prefer membership in black voluntary organizations. Black entrepreneurs whose marketing strategy was to provide personal service to customers are more likely to belong to black voluntary organizations. Keywords: american; business; community; customers; entrepreneurs; help; information; journal; membership; networks; organization; percent; ties

• Differences in Types of Intimate Partner Violence: Implications for Public Policy by Baird, Anne Caroll (2020) - In this article, I consider the importance of making distinctions among types of intimate partner violence, the effects of failure to do so, along with implications for research, advocacy, and treatment. Perception versus Reality The model of intimate partner violence that prevails in the media and public perception is that of the controlling male who inflicts increasingly harsh physical, emo- tional, and psychological harm on his partner until either she successfully leaves or he kills her (Johnson 2008). Keywords: controlling; johnson; male; partner; relationship; research; types; victims; violence; women
• Challenge by Mukenge, Ida Rousseau (2019) - Through the NIH- sponsored Local Partnership Program (LPP) initiative, funding has been provided for the development of local community engagement programs in cities where HIV vaccine research studies are taking place. Younge, ET AL. 43 43 Mukenge: Challenge, Vol. 13, No. 2 Published by DigitalCommons@Robert W. Woodruff Library, Atlanta University Center, 2007 Despite engaging in high-risk activities, college students (including Black college students) have a low subjective perception of HIV risk (Payne, 2006). Keywords: african; aids; american; art; atlanta; attitudes; behaviors; beliefs; center; challenge; college; college students; community; condom; digitalcommons@robert; education; epidemic; et al; factors; gender; group; health; hiv; hiv vaccine; http://digitalcommons.auctr.edu/challenge/vol13/iss2/1; iss; journal; library; mukenge; participation; population; prevention; research; risk; sex; social; students; study; university; use; vaccine research; vol; women; woodruff
• HIV/AIDS Perceptions, Attitudes and Behaviors Among HBCU Students by Hodge, Michael; Wade, Bruce H (2007) - Bakken and Winter (2002) show that there is an association between family characteristics and age of sexual initiation as well as the lifetime number of sexual partners (both variables that are important in assessing sexual risk). Kirby et al. (1994) provide a review of school based programs designed to reduce sexual risk taking behavior among adolescents. Keywords: african; aids; american; behaviors; challenge; college; condom; hiv; partners; risk; sex; students; vol; women
• Intersection Between Race, Gender, and Sexual Risk: Implications for STI/HIV on HBCU Campuses by Younge, Sinead N.; Smith, Deidre; Young, Lawrence; Cole, Daphne; Reynolds, Lauren; Dixon, Raqiyah; Robinson, Wilton; Buchanan, Porsche N. (2007) - Bakken and Winter (2002) show that there is an association between family characteristics and age of sexual initiation as well as the lifetime number of sexual partners (both variables that are important in assessing sexual risk). Kirby et al. (1994) provide a review of school based programs designed to reduce sexual risk taking behavior among adolescents. Keywords: african; aids; american; behaviors; challenge; college; condom; hiv; partners; risk; sex; students; vol; women
• Promoting HIV Vaccine Research in African American Communities: Does the Theory of Reasoned Action Explain Potential Outcomes of Involvement? by Frew, Paula M.; Archibald, Matthew; Martinez, Nina; Rio, Carlos del; Mulligan, Mark J. (2007) - In a longitudinal, within group, cluster analysis of the heterogeneity patterns of sexual risk behaviors among African American youth, Burrow and colleagues (2007) found that patterns of sexual risk were related to lifetime psychiatric diagnoses, which is consistent with previous research in this age group (Shrier, Harris, Kurland, & Knight, 2003). The behaviors of college students in general, and the combination of environment and individual behaviors, warrants further investigation of sexual risk behaviors among Black college students. Keywords: african; aids; american; behaviors; challenge; college; factors; hiv; risk; sex; students; use; vol; women

• African American College Students’ Attitudes toward HIV/AIDS: Implications for Historically Black Colleges and Universities. by Taylor, Sandra E.; Jones, Tara (2007) - Much of the literature has stressed the need for prevention and information messages that are tailored to the populations that appear increasingly vulnerable, including African American college students. Results and Discussion The domains related to college students’ thoughts and feelings regarding HIV/AIDS and the resulting themes provide insights as to how African American college students might be inclined to violate risk reduction and safer sex practices. Keywords: african; aids; american; college; epidemic; hiv; risk; sex; students

• Dual Deviants: The Balancing Act of Black Graduate Students by Conyers, Addrain (2009) - Making use of interview data, this study investigates the life of black graduate students as they manage two spoiled identities, one in the academic world and the other in the black community. Dual Deviants The research mentioned illustrates the simultaneous deviant statuses that Black graduate students must manage. Keywords: behavior; black; goffman; graduate; group; language; school; stigma; students; study

• Black Males in the College Classroom: A Quantitative Analysis of Student Athlete-Faculty Interactions by Comeaux, Eddie (2008) - One potentially important aspect of the environmental experience involves student athletes’ interactions with faculty, which too often influences their educational outcomes in negative ways (Engstrom, Sedlacek, & McEwen 1995; Sailes 1993). A previous study by Comeaux (2005) lends support to this finding insofar as the nature and quality of interactions between student athlete and faculty matters. Keywords: achievement; athletes; college; education; faculty; measures; school; student; study; variables
• College Athletic Reputation and College Choice among African American High School Seniors: Evidence from the Educational Longitudinal Study by Braddock, II, Jomills Henry; Lv, Hua; Dawkins, Marvin P. (2008) - They also note that the importance of college athletic reputation tends to be emphasized by males, students from higher SES backgrounds, students who participate in varsity intercollegiate athletics, students attending public colleges and universities, and, interestingly, by students who place strong emphasis on college academic reputation. Florida Abstract This study extends research on college choice, with recent national survey data, by examining what African American students say about the importance of college athletic reputation in choosing which school to attend. Keywords: academic; african; american; athletic; choice; college; college choice; factor; high; importance; reputation; school; seniors
• Evaluation of a School Systems Plan to Utilize Teachers’ Perceptions of Principal Leadership to Improve Student Achievement by Williams, Ed (2009) - Student achievement was measured by performance on the Georgia Criterion-Referenced Competency Tests (CRCT) during the 2004-05 and 2005-06 school years. Because of the pervasiveness of poor performance in urban communities, citizens are demanding tangible improvements in student achievement and discipline. Keywords: achievement; climate; discipline; leadership; principal; school; student; teacher; variables

• Racial Differences in Somatic Symptoms of Depression by Williams, George W. (2009) - Kessler et al. 2001; Mojtabai, Olfson and Mechanic 2002; Office of the Surgeon General 2001; Perlick et al. 2001; Snowden 1999). For example, acute pain has not typically been included in widely used depression diagnostic criteria (Williams et al.). Keywords: black; care; depression; et al; health; index; pain; respondents; symptoms

• The South Rises Yet Again: Wal-Mart and the Post-Civil Rights Consumer Empowerment Movement by Weston, Joan (2009) - Hayes goes on to caution national and multinational corporations to respect African American consumers and to work harder to understand Black America. They must also be mindful to include the cultural narratives of African American consumer empowerment as they engage international sociologists in comparative research on workers in the Pearl River Delta, farmers in Chile, truckers in Mexico and consumers in Brazil. Keywords: african; american; black; business; community; consumer; country; empowerment; naacp; new; plantation; states; store; walmart

• Prostate Cancer in African American Males: Psychological Effects of Diagnosis and Prostatectomy by Puri, M. Rehan; Gbadebo-Goyea, Ernest A.; Barkar, Narviar C.; Bailey, Rahn Kennedy (2020) - Specific interventions to address psychological distress and overall quality of life for African American prostate cancer patients should be tailored to meet the specific needs of African American men. In their study, Lubeck and colleagues (2001) found that in addition to poorer health status and physical functioning including by more bodily pain, African American prostate cancer patients had poorer emotional functioning and self-esteem and more health-related distress than white men did. Keywords: american; cancer; life; men; patients; prostate; prostate cancer; quality; treatment
• Family and Religion in Luba Life: Centrality, Pervasiveness, Change and Continuity by Mukenge, Tshilemalema (2020) - In addition to the fact that in levirate or sororate one of the biological parents continues to live with them, Luba children are raised in such a way that the loss of a parent does not become a major disruption in their lives. Luba ancestors protect marriage and legitimate procreation by prohibiting Mukenge 25 the infidelity of the wife, by forbidding the man to house his legitimate wife, especially the senior wife, in a home he has reviled with extra-marital relations, or to return to her wife the same day he has had sexual intercourse with another woman. Keywords: ancestors; bridewealth; children; family; life; luba; man; marriage; members; new; power; religion; spirits; wife

• Interfaith Families through Conversion to Islam: Akan Muslims in Southern Ghana by King, Mansa Bilal Mark (2020) - That is, readers may wonder how Muslim families respond to their children embracing Christianity or some other faith. It also meant that naming ceremonies, weddings, and funerals continued to be attended by family members of all faiths. Keywords: akan; christian; conversion; families; family; fante; ghana; islam; muslim; religion; years

• The Black Golf Caddy: A Victim of Labor Market Discrimination by Reed, Wornie (2008) - Challenge, Vol. 14, No. 1 Challenge 61 The Black Golf Caddy: A Victim of Labor Market Discrimination Wornie Reed1 University of Tennessee-Knoxville Abstract For generations, country clubs and the Professional Golf Association (PGA) Tour featured white golfers crossing manicured fairways, followed by black caddies carrying their bags. In the 1950s and early 1960s, black caddies traveled from event to event across the country on greyhound buses, segregated to the back of the bus, and changing their clothes in the woods or in the parking lot (Caddy Bytes 2007). Keywords: african; american; caddies; caddy; club; country; golf; pga; professional; tour
• Joe Louis and the Struggle of African American Golfers for Visibility and Access by Dawkins, Marvin P.; Farrell, Walter C., (2008) - Therefore, the press conference announcing the coming of the 1949 UGA and Joe Louis tournaments to Detroit generated significant attention. Also in that year (1949), the UGA championship and Joe Louis Open tournaments were being held in the same city on back-to- back weekends. Keywords: african; american; black; boxing; golf; golfers; joe; joe louis; louis; open; pga; tournament; white

• A Historical Description of Black Homicide and Suicide Differentials in the United States: 1950-86 by Secret, Philip E; Clayton, Obie (1994) - v05_no02_issu 01_challenge_december94.pdf Keywords: v05_no02_issu
• Fifty Years After Myrdal: Blacks'  Racial Policy Attitudes in the 1990s   by Tuch, Steven A.; Sigelman, Lee; Martin, Jack K. (1994) - v05_no02_issu 01_challenge_december94.pdf Keywords: v05_no02_issu
• Economics of Life and Death: Mortality and Survival Rates for African-Americans by Char, S. V. (1994) - v05_no02_issu 01_challenge_december94.pdf Keywords: v05_no02_issu

• A Sociology of Immanence and Transcendence: Reflections on the Legacy of Benjamin Mays by Willie, Charles V. (1995) - Chal_v6n1August 1995 .pdf Keywords: chal_v6n1august
• Business, Philanthropy and Higher Education by Little, Milton (1995) - Chal_v6n1August 1995 .pdf Keywords: chal_v6n1august

• Children in French-Speaking African Immigrant Families: Assessing Health Disparities, Cultural Resources, and Health Services by Mukenge, Tshilemalema; Mukenge, Ida Rousseau (2005) - Chal_v11n2spring 2005.pdf Keywords: 2005.pdf

Epilogue

For more detail, about this study carrel, see the computed home page. For more detail about study carrels in general, see the read me file.

Created: 2025-12-23