Efforts to Preserve Traditional Values Through Regional Cultural Policies: A Case Study of Russia’s Siberian Federal District Changing Societies & Personalities, 2025 Vol. 9, No. 3, pp. 614–634 https://doi.org/10.15826/csp.2025.9.3.345 ARTICLE Efforts to Preserve Traditional Values Through Regional Cultural Policies: A Case Study of Russia’s Siberian Federal District Elena V. Matveeva Kemerovo State Institute of Culture, Kemerovo, Russia; Kuzbass State Agricultural University, Kemerovo, Russia Anna E. Shilova Kuzbass State Agricultural University, Kemerovo, Russia Aliya V. Sat Tuva Institute of Humanitarian and Applied Socio-Economic Research Under the Government of the Republic of Tuva, Kyzyl, Russia ABSTRACT This study examines trends in legal regulation in Russia’s cultural sphere, focusing specifically on the preservation and reinforcement of traditional values in the legislation of the regions of the Siberian Federal District. Covering the period from 2014 to 2024, the study situates these developments within a broader context of rising patriotic sentiment, increasing societal consolidation, and the strengthening of public administration. The study examines contemporary value theories while also exploring how Russian scholars are revisiting and reinterpreting the works of classical theorists, either offering new perspectives or challenging traditional views. Key analytical indicators include the concepts of culture, cultural identity, cultural sovereignty, and traditional values such as patriotism, civic consciousness, and historical memory. Using the legal reference system Konsul’tantPlius [Consultant Plus], the study analyzes quantitative data on active legal acts, applying key search terms to assess the prominence of these categories in regional legislation. The analysis employs dynamic indicators and growth rates to track legislative trends over time. Particular attention is given to the Received 31 March 2025 © 2025 Elena V. Matveeva, Accepted 27 August 2025 Anna E. Shilova, Aliya V. Sat Published online 10 October 2025 mev.matveeva2020@yandex.ru, shilova.anna2014@yandex.ru, aliya_sat@mail.ru https://changing-sp.com/ mailto:mev.matveeva2020@yandex.ru mailto:shilova.anna2014@yandex.ru mailto:aliya_sat@mail.ru Changing Societies & Personalities, 2025, Vol. 9, No. 3, pp. 614–634 615 Introduction Russia’s statehood is increasingly shaped by a reconceptualization of the legal framework regulating state cultural policy, with one of its main priorities being the preservation and strengthening of Russian moral values. The 2020 constitutional reform set the stage for subsequent amendments to federal and regional legislation aimed at safeguarding traditional values in Russia. Thus, according to Article 114, Part 1, Clause V, the government aims to ensure that “a unified, socially oriented state policy be implemented in the fields of culture, science, education, healthcare, social welfare, family support, and the preservation of traditional family values” (O sovershenstvovanii regulirovaniia, 2020; Trans. by Elena Matveeva, Anna Shilova, and Aliya Sat—E. M., A. S., & A. S.). Among the several federal-level regulatory acts in the field of cultural policy, there are a few that stand out. According to the Decree of the President of the Russian Federation No. 809 dated November 9, 2022, the concept of traditional values includes human rights and freedoms, citizenship, patriotism, mutual assistance and respect, historical memory and intergenerational continuity, strong family, and others. Traditional values are meant to serve as “moral guidelines that shape the worldview of Russian citizens … forming the basis of the all-Russian civic identity and the unified cultural space of the country” (Ob utverzhdenii Osnov gosudarstvennoi politiki po sokhraneniiu, 2022; Trans. by E. M., A. S., & A. S.). The Decree of the President of the Russian Federation No. 309 dated May 7, 2024 outlines the following goals for the specified period: “preservation of the population, strengthening health, and improving the well-being of individuals, support for the family; realization of each person’s potential, development of their talents, and the nurturing of a patriotic and socially responsible individual” (O natsional’nykh tseliakh razvitiia, 2024; Trans. by E. M., A. S., & A. S.). This document further emphasizes roles of governors, regional parliaments, and governments in the legislative process. The findings indicate that regional governments in Russia are the most active in lawmaking, while parliaments and governors play a lesser role. Additionally, there has been a marked increase in the number of legal acts addressing historical memory, alongside sustained state attention to family-related issues. KEYWORDS culture, cultural policy, cultural identity, traditional values, regions of the Siberian Federal District ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The authors express their gratitude to N. A. Artyukh from the V. D. Fedorov State Scientific Library of Kuzbass for her assistance with the Konsul’tantPlius [Consultant Plus] legal database. https://changing-sp.com/ 616 Elena V. Matveeva, Anna E. Shilova, Aliya V. Sat the importance of reinforcing traditional values in the worldview of society, especially among the younger generation. In compliance with the aforementioned decrees, the Government of the Russian Federation issued Order No. 2501-r dated September 11, 2024, regarding the approval of the strategy for state cultural policy for the period until 2030, which outlines the current state of the development of Russian culture and state cultural policy, as well as the goals and objectives for implementing cultural policy in various areas. An important aspect of the strategy is the focus on preserving and strengthening traditional values, primarily through the preservation of a unified cultural space, the historical and cultural heritage of the peoples of the Russian Federation and its use for education and upbringing; the formation of a harmoniously developed individual who shares traditional Russian spiritual and moral values; strengthening civic identity. (O Strategii gosudarstvennoi kul’turnoi politiki; Trans. by E. M., A. S., & A. S.) Presidential Decree No. 314 of May 8, 2024 underscores historical memory as a key component of historical education, with four of its 11 state policy goals specifically addressing its preservation (Ob utverzhdenii Osnov gosudarstvennoi politiki Rossiiskoi Federatsii, 2024): • the preservation of the memory of significant events in the history of Russia, including the history of the state-forming Russian people, part of the multinational union of equal peoples of the Russian Federation, and the history of other peoples of Russia; • patriotic upbringing, the preservation of the memory of the defenders of the Fatherland, and preventing the diminishment of the significance of the people's heroism in defending the Fatherland; • the preservation of the memory of outstanding people in Russian history who made important contributions to the development and prosperity of Russia; • the formation of an active civic stance regarding the importance of historical education and the preservation of historical memory. These legal norms are further implemented in regional regulatory acts, which address various aspects of culture and the role of traditional values in law enforcement. Despite federal legislation emphasizing the preservation of Russian spiritual and moral values, little attention has been given to the political and legal analysis of their integration into regional laws. To address this gap, this study aims to examine trends in cultural regulation related to traditional values by analyzing the legislation of regions of the Siberian Federal District from 2014 to 2024, a period marked by rising patriotic sentiment, societal consolidation, and strengthened state power, accompanied by changes in territorial administration and governance. The timeframe is most clearly defined by regional legislation, unlike federal legislation, which serves only a supporting role in framing the issue conceptually. The geographical scope of the study focuses on selected regions of the Siberian Federal District. These regions were chosen for their Changing Societies & Personalities, 2025, Vol. 9, No. 3, pp. 614–634 617 representative characteristics, as the insights gained under similar conditions may be relevant to other parts of Russia and beyond. The selection relied on two key indicators: economic, which helped us distinguish between agricultural regions (such as Altai Krai and Omsk Oblast) and industrial regions (such as Kemerovo and Novosibirsk Oblasts), and sociocultural, which highlighted regions with a strong presence of traditional culture (such as Tuva and Khakassia Republics). However, these regional findings cannot be fully generalized to other nation-states, as each has its own distinct socioeconomic and ethnic profile, shaped by centuries of legal development. Of the two indicators, the economic one appears to be the most transferable, as it is reflected in the intensity and thematic focus of legislation in other countries. Literature Review The political and legal analysis of traditional values in cultural policy centers on evaluating the role of values in contemporary human culture. This perspective requires revisiting the origins of the value problem within the cultural domain. Since the second half of the 20th century, psychologists and sociologists have studied cross-cultural differences, highlighting that values are fundamental to culture and serve as idealized principles that guide behavior in a society (Hayden, 1988; Hofstede, 2001; Inglehart & Welzel, 2009; Schwartz, 1992; Williams, 1968). Inglehart and Welzel (2005), in their cross-country data analysis, found that with the development of humanity and the expansion of freedom of choice, three components are integrated: modernization of the socioeconomic sphere, the rise of self-expression values in culture, and democratization as a process of human development. Hayden (1988) analyzes values as a transcendent category, viewing them as evaluative standards for determining what constitutes an ideal. However, it is beliefs, rather than values, that ultimately guide behavior, as a single value can correspond to various beliefs and lead to different actions. Sociologist Hofstede (2001) shares a similar view on values: values are a more general concept than beliefs, they are general inclinations to prefer one state of affairs over another. According to Schwartz and his colleagues, culture has the property of reconciling different sides through ideals, thereby ensuring its stability (Schwartz et al., 2000; Schwartz & Ros, 1995). Prevailing cultural value orientations represent ideals that promote the connection between aspects of culture and reject anything incompatible through criticism, pressure, and tension (Schwartz, 2008, p. 39). The central element of Schwartz’s theory is the view of values as a “motivational continuum,” where the differences between them are continuous (Schwartz, 1992, p. 46). The 19 values identified by Schwartz focus on attaining personal or social outcomes, they promote growth and self-expansion or anxiety-avoidance and self-protection, they express openness to change or conservation of the status quo, and they promote self-interest or transcendence of self-interest in the service of others (Schwartz et al., 2012, p. 47). The role of values in ensuring the stability of state power is discussed in Putnam’s work Making Democracy Work: Civic Traditions in Modern Italy. Culture and cultural https://changing-sp.com/ 618 Elena V. Matveeva, Anna E. Shilova, Aliya V. Sat traditions in Italy’s regions form the foundation for achieving democracy. Putnam prioritizes civic engagement and traditions in socioeconomic development, linking political activity with social, religious, and cultural unity. Culture acts as a link between politics, the economy, and citizenship, where “the astonishing tensile strength of civic traditions testifies to the power of the past” (Putnam et al., 1993, p. 162). An invaluable contribution to the understanding of the phenomenon of values is made in the work Modernization, Cultural Change, and Democracy: The Sequence of Human Development by Inglehart and Welzel (2005). By generalizing data from 43 countries, they identified persistent cultural differences across two dimensions: the opposition of traditional values vs. secular-rational values and the opposition of survival values vs. self-expression values. The shift from industrial to post- industrial society, driven by socioeconomic development, brings changes in societal value. The dimension of traditional values vs. secular-rational values is based on understanding the importance of religion and family as significant foundations of traditional societies, which are being eliminated in modern countries. In traditional societies, conformity to social norms is prioritized over individual aspirations, with respect for authority and strong national pride and nationalism (Inglehart & Welzel, 2005, p. 86). The second dimension distinguishes industrial and post-industrial societies in terms of values related to tolerance, civic activity, and self-expression. Ultimately, changes in the system of traditional values lead to the establishment of democratic regimes. According to Davydov’s interpretation of Inglehart and Welzel, the desire for self-expression and for making the world a better place naturally boosts civic awareness, which weakens authoritarian regimes and either leads to democratization or enhances the effectiveness of existing democratic institutions (Davydov, 2018, p. 88). We argue that most Western theories reviewed in this article tend to view culture as an ideal, primarily in terms of worldview and, to a lesser extent, in legal terms. The legal aspect began to be studied more thoroughly in the 20th century, particularly in the context of Western democratic theories developed by scholars such as Inglehart, Welzel, and others. This study takes a different approach, drawing more directly on the ideas of Putnam and emphasizing that culture and cultural traditions play a central role in shaping contemporary social, economic, and political processes. These factors have a significant impact on both the quantity and quality of legislation adopted at the regional level. Although Putnam’s theory was originally applied to regions with traditional lifestyles and agrarian economies, it is also relevant to modern industrial and agro-industrial regions. Scholars, both from Russia and globally, take a critical approach when considering the widespread use of certain value theories in cultural analysis. Specifically, contemporary Russian scholars are revisiting and reinterpreting the works of classical theorists of values, offering new perspectives or challenging traditional views (Kadochnikov, 2012; Minkov et al., 2023; Volobuev, 2021). While we do not aim to challenge the fundamental principles of value theory, we believe that understanding contemporary legislative processes in Russian regions requires an interdisciplinary analysis of traditional values. Changing Societies & Personalities, 2025, Vol. 9, No. 3, pp. 614–634 619 The issue of traditional values has gained significant attention in recent Russian scholarship, partly due to legal documents at the state level that regulate their preservation amid global challenges (as discussed earlier). Some publications focus on traditional values from a jurisprudential perspective (Khuzhina & Pleshakov, 2024; Koneva, 2023; Malinenko, 2024; Sadovnikova, 2023). Discussing traditional values in Russian law, Khuzhina (2023) notes that the direction of state policy on preserving and strengthening traditional spiritual and moral values marks a new stage in the development of law. However, one cannot overlook the historical context behind the adoption of legal documents at a certain stage in the development of the Russian state. This process began with the adoption of the Decree of the President of the Russian Federation No. 809 dated November 9, 2022 Ob utverzhdenii Osnov gosudarstvennoi politiki po sokhraneniiu i ukrepleniiu traditsionnykh rossiiskikh dukhovno-nravstvennykh tsennostei [On the Approval of the Fundamentals of State Policy for the Preservation and Strengthening of Traditional Russian Spiritual and Moral Values]. In this context, “the paradigm of Russian law must be modified in response to the ongoing socioeconomic and political changes in contemporary society” (Khuzhina, 2023, p. 40; Trans. by E. M., A. S., & A. S.). Malinenko (2024) addresses the issue of the transformation of traditional values in the constitutions and statutes of Russian regions. The task is set to continue working on amendments to regional constitutional acts aimed at improving the effectiveness of legal regulation of traditional values and raising the worldview level of the population (p. 94). Permilovskii (2023), in discussing issues of national security, points out the problem of including constitutional oversight in the system of protection of traditional values. Scholars in cultural studies, education, and political science emphasize the importance of addressing the value foundations of Russian culture. Traditional values are considered a component of political culture (Matveeva, Shilova, & Sat, 2024), a foundation for family upbringing (Volodina, 2024), a cornerstone of the culture of nations and states (Ustilentsev, 2024), and a form of cultural capital that may serve as a factor in modernization and a competitive advantage in global politics (Gorlova, 2021). Related research areas exploring the connection between traditional values and cultural identity are also worthy of attention. Traditions and traditional values serve as a link between identity and historical memory (Batyrshin & Gurevich, 2024), while identity is constructed through “cultural models of the past” as a means of preserving societal values and norms in the contemporary stage of development (Ivanova, 2021). A significant area of contemporary research focuses on the legislative regulation of cultural policy. The priorities of Russia’s cultural policy include the support of cultural infrastructure, promotion of a unified cultural space, and protection of citizens’ cultural rights (Zamai, 2016, p. 118). Karpukhin and Komissarov (2018) and Ivakina (2022, 2023) examine the 2020 constitutional reform, highlighting the need for further development and modernization of the legal framework in the cultural sphere. Cultural policy is seen as a means to promote and disseminate culture (Pronin, 2015, 75) and to preserve cultural values in market conditions (Karpova & Mikhina, 2015). These studies highlight the complexity of the issues, emphasizing the need for interdisciplinary research on the legal regulation of culture and traditional values at the regional level amidst Russia’s changing political and social landscape. https://changing-sp.com/ 620 Elena V. Matveeva, Anna E. Shilova, Aliya V. Sat Method The primary research method was quantitative content analysis, which allowed us to identify numerical indicators (increase/decrease) reflecting the degree of presence of traditional values in the regulatory legal acts of the regions in the Siberian Federal District. The categories for analysis include individual components of traditional values, namely, patriotism, citizenship, historical memory, spiritual and moral values, and family as outlined in the Presidential Decree of the Russian Federation dated November 9, 2022, No. 809 Ob utverzhdenii Osnov gosudarstvennoi politiki po sokhraneniiu i ukrepleniiu traditsionnykh rossiiskikh dukhovno-nravstvennykh tsennostei [On the Approval of the Fundamentals of State Policy for the Preservation and Strengthening of Traditional Russian Spiritual and Moral Values]. In addition, the analysis considered the dynamics of legislative regulation (growth rate), which reflects the government’s overall stance on the importance of cultural policy in maintaining national sovereignty. To this end, the following categories were included in the analysis: • culture; • cultural identity; • cultural sovereignty. The category of culture was assessed not only in the regulatory legal acts of the regions of the Siberian Federal District but also in federal legislation over the past five years. The collection and processing of regulatory legal acts were conducted using the Konsul’tantPlius [Consultant Plus]1 legal reference system. We applied the following search filters: • region; • document text (keyword/phrase); • desired period; • all acts except those that have expired, been repealed, or are not yet in effect; • the adopting authority (when needed). The regulatory acts were collected with the help of keywords, so the processed quantitative data indicated not only the frequency of keyword mentions in document titles but also in the body of the texts themselves. The analysis of documents processed by the system was conducted according to the following criteria (Makovskii et al., 1999): (a) chronology (year of adoption or desired period); (b) subject of regulation (decrees and orders of the governor, resolutions of the regional legislative assembly, resolutions of the regional government); (c) key concepts (culture, citizenship, etc.); (d) alphabetical index (resolutions, decrees); (e) territory (national or regional level). The grouping and visualization of the collected data were performed with the help of Microsoft Excel, presented as graphs and charts. 1 https://www.consultant.ru https://www.consultant.ru Changing Societies & Personalities, 2025, Vol. 9, No. 3, pp. 614–634 621 Alongside quantitative content analysis, a secondary analysis of international and Russian publications in the fields of law, political science, sociology, cultural studies, and pedagogy was also employed. The thematic categories of research included several areas. First, there are international studies focused on cross-cultural comparisons, which view values as a cultural ideal that supports the stability of state power in democratic development. The second area is focused on traditional values in various disciplines, such as jurisprudence, political science, psychology, cultural studies, and others. The third area involves works on related topics, that is, the interaction of traditional values, cultural identity, and historical memory. The fourth area includes works by legal scholars on the implementation of cultural policy in modern Russia. The studies were selected and analyzed using the academic database eLibrary2, which provides access to full-text works by Russian and international scholars. To search for literature through the eLibrary.ru search form, a selection of publications was made using the keywords “legislation in the field of culture,” “traditional spiritual and moral values in Russian law,” “traditional values,” “cultural policy,” and “cultural identity” from the last ten years, excluding works by the classical theorists of culture. When working with the literature, search criteria such as the content and logic of the publication, the number of citations, and the level of authorship were taken into account, ensuring the representativeness of the analyzed data. Results We processed regulatory legal acts with the help of the legal reference system Konsul’tantPlius [Consultant Plus]. As noted earlier, the legal acts were grouped by keywords, which involved counting their mentions not only in titles but also in the text of the legal documents. Dynamic changes in Russia’s internal political development and the growing number of threats on the international stage led to a sharp increase in the number of legal acts in the period under consideration. The majority of the newly introduced legal acts were the result of amendments to existing legislation or the enactment of new documents. Conversely, the decrease in the number of legal acts was the result of the repeal of certain legislative acts. The study included two stages. The first stage involved organizing legal acts quantitatively with the help of keywords, focusing on criteria such as culture, cultural identity, and cultural sovereignty. According to Figure 1, the initial data set was grouped within the framework of federal legislation using the keyword “culture.” As of December 31, 2024, the total number of legal acts addressing cultural issues in federal legislation amounted to 26,124 acts. The dynamics of the number of legal acts with the keyword “culture” from 2020 to 2024 were uneven: the number of mentions gradually increased from 2020 to 2024, then decreased in 2023, and increased again in 2024, although it did not return to the 2024 level. The rate of decrease in this period was 9.76%. 2 https://elibrary.ru https://changing-sp.com/ https://elibrary.ru 622 Elena V. Matveeva, Anna E. Shilova, Aliya V. Sat The polynomial trend line had the highest coefficient of determination, but this still doesn't indicate high reliability for the regression model. This means that forecasting future trends in the number of mentions of the keyword “culture” is challenging, and continuous monitoring is required to identify patterns. Figure 1 The Number of Legal Acts Regulating the Territory of the Keyword “Culture” in Federal Legislation From 2020 to 2024 R² = 0.4644 0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 32 39 50 33 30 2 7 10 12 18 R² = 0.6643 R² = 0.9728 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 cultural identity cultural sovereignty Polynomial (cultural identity) Linear (cultural sovereignty) 198 314 427 501 599 64 177 59 975 315 252 295 263 284 491 0 168 177 196 474 626 1363 776 1218 1514 549 1411 1509 1990 2497 0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 Altai Krai Irkutsk Oblast Kuzbass Novosibirsk Oblast Tomsk Oblast Altai Republic Republic of Tuva Republic of Khakassia Omsk Oblast Krasnoyarsk Krai regulatory legal acts of the government regulatory legal acts of the parliament regulatory legal acts of the governor Note. Source: developed by the authors. The results in Figures 1 and 2 show an increase in legal acts related to the keywords “culture” and “cultural identity” in 2022. Typically, the second phrase is used in conjunction with the first. This rise coincides with the period of growing patriotic sentiments in the country and the government’s shift towards a sovereignty-focused approach across all sectors of the economy and society. The legal significance of the phrase “cultural sovereignty,” on the other hand, increased during the period under review from two to 18 legal acts, which shows a ninefold increase in mentions of the term. The number of legal acts mentioning “cultural sovereignty” exhibits a linear trend with a high degree of reliability (coefficient of determination = 0.97), which suggests continued growth in legislative interest in this category. For the keyword “cultural identity,” there is a trend toward a 6.25% decrease in mentions. The number of mentions of this keyword follows a polynomial trend with one peak in 2022. The coefficient of determination, equal to 0.66, indicates an acceptable quality of the polynomial trend, suggesting a continued decrease in mentions of “cultural identity” in legal acts. Changing Societies & Personalities, 2025, Vol. 9, No. 3, pp. 614–634 623 Figure 2 The Number of Legal Acts by Region According to the Use of the Key Terms “Cultural Identity” and “Cultural Sovereignty” in Federal Legislation From 2020 to 2024 R² = 0.4644 0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 32 39 50 33 30 2 7 10 12 18 R² = 0.6643 R² = 0.9728 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 cultural identity cultural sovereignty Polynomial (cultural identity) Linear (cultural sovereignty) 198 314 427 501 599 64 177 59 975 315 252 295 263 284 491 0 168 177 196 474 626 1363 776 1218 1514 549 1411 1509 1990 2497 0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 Altai Krai Irkutsk Oblast Kuzbass Novosibirsk Oblast Tomsk Oblast Altai Republic Republic of Tuva Republic of Khakassia Omsk Oblast Krasnoyarsk Krai regulatory legal acts of the government regulatory legal acts of the parliament regulatory legal acts of the governor Note. Source: developed by the authors. Next, we counted the mentions of the keyword “culture” in legal acts of the regions of the Siberian Federal District between 2014 and 2024. The data were collected from various regulatory sources, including gubernatorial decrees and orders, resolutions from the regional legislative assembly, and government resolutions. Figure 3 illustrates the distribution of these legal acts by the adopting authority: the governor, parliament, and government. The principles of regional legislation in the regions of the Siberian Federal District are shaped by legal norms, particularly the Federal Law No. 3612-1 Osnovy zakonodatel’stva Rossiiskoi Federatsii o kul’ture [Fundamentals of Legislation of the Russian Federation on Culture] (1992). This document defines the cultural policy responsibilities of state authorities in Russian regions, highlighting the substantial difference in the number of legal acts at the federal and regional levels. While regional legislation must align with federal laws, it addresses specific cultural issues requiring regulation, such as museums, archives, and libraries. As a result, the number of legal acts governing cultural norms is significantly higher at the regional level than at the federal level. As Figure 3 illustrates, the main regulatory authority on cultural matters in the Siberian Federal District is the regional governments. For instance, in Krasnoyarsk Krai, 2,497 of legal acts were issued by regional government, 474 were issued by the legislative assembly, and 315 by the governor. In the Republic of Tuva, the distribution of legal acts between the governor, parliament, and regional government is less pronounced, with 1,411 issued by the government, 177 by the governor, and 168 by the Supreme Khural (Parliament) of the Republic of Tuva. https://changing-sp.com/ 624 Elena V. Matveeva, Anna E. Shilova, Aliya V. Sat Note. Source: developed by the authors. In terms of legal acts under the jurisdiction of regional parliaments, the leading regions are Tomsk Oblast (491), Krasnoyarsk Krai (474), Irkutsk Oblast (295), Novosibirsk Oblast (284), and Kemerovo Oblast, or Kuzbass (263). In the Republic of Altai, there are no legal acts issued by the State Assembly—El Kurultai (Parliament) of the Republic of Altai. The highest number of legal acts issued by governors is in Omsk Oblast (975), Tomsk Oblast (599), and Novosibirsk Oblast (501). These data show a significant increase in the number of legal acts issued by regional governments compared to those issued by governors and parliaments across all the regions of the Siberian Federal District. On average, the proportion of government-issued legal acts to the total number of acts in the cultural sector ranges from 6.6% in Altai Krai to 20% in Omsk Oblast and the Republic of Altai. According to the Federal Law No. 414-FZ of December 21, 2021 Ob obshchikh printsipakh organizatsii publichnoi vlasti v sub’ektakh Rossiiskoi Federatsii [On the General Principles of Public Authority Organization in the Federal Subjects of the Russian Federation], the highest official of a constituent entity of the Russian Federation issues decrees (resolutions) and orders on the basis of and in accordance with the Constitution of the Russian Federation, federal laws, normative acts of the President of the Russian Federation, resolutions of the Government of the Russian Federation, the constitution (charter) and laws of the constituent entity of the Russian Federation. Regulatory acts issued by the governors of the Siberian Federal District are primarily classified as laws. The distribution between laws and decrees across the Figure 3 The Number of Legal Acts by Regulatory Authority in the Cultural Sphere of the Siberian Federal District, 2014–2024 198 314 427 501 599 64 177 59 975 315 252 295 263 284 491 0 168 177 196 474 626 1363 776 1218 1514 549 1411 1509 1990 2497 0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 Altai Krai Irkutsk Oblast Kuzbass Novosibirsk Oblast Tomsk Oblast Altai Republic Republic of Tuva Republic of Khakassia Omsk Oblast Krasnoyarsk Krai regulatory legal acts of the government regulatory legal acts of the parliament regulatory legal acts of the governor Changing Societies & Personalities, 2025, Vol. 9, No. 3, pp. 614–634 625 subjects of the federation is as follows: in Altai Krai, 72.2% of regulatory acts are governor’s laws and 27.8% are governor’s decrees; in Krasnoyarsk Krai, 58.7% are governor’s laws and 41.3% are governor’s decrees; in Irkutsk Region, 37% and 63%; in Kemerovo Oblast—Kuzbass, 57.6% and 42.4%; in Novosibirsk Oblast, 84% and 16%; in Omsk Oblast, 38% and 62%, in Tomsk Oblast, 9.7% and 90.3%; in the Republic of Altai, 96.9% and 3.1%; in the Republic of Tuva, 75.2% and 24.8%; and in the Republic of Khakassia, 81.4% and 18.6%, respectively. In the Siberian Federal District, the fewest governor-issued regulatory acts are found in all national regions, that is, areas with significant ethnic or Indigenous populations, often with some autonomy to preserve their culture, as well as in Altai Krai and Novosibirsk Oblast. Only two-thirds of the adopted legal acts are classified as governors’ laws. Altai Krai and Novosibirsk Oblast have a high proportion of laws introduced by governors because of their political systems. In the case of Altai Krai, this situation results from the established system of alienation between regional authorities and local elites, as well as complete control by the federal center (Chernyshov, 2011, p. 246). In contrast, the political system of Novosibirsk Oblast is characterized by a high level of political competition, both between political parties and the opposition between the governor and the regional parliament (Alagoz, 2023, p. 98; Zelentsov, 2015). In other regions, there is a roughly equal ratio between the number of laws and gubernatorial decrees, e.g., Kemerovo Oblast, Krasnoyarsk Krai, or, conversely, a predominance of gubernatorial decrees. The legal framework of regions in the Siberian Federal District was analyzed by categorizing legal norms according to key terms like “cultural identity” and “cultural sovereignty,” without breaking them down by the regulatory authority. Figure 4 shows the ratio between these categories for 2014–2024. The leading positions in terms of mentions of the key term “cultural identity” in regional legislation are held by Krasnoyarsk Krai (251 mentions in legal acts), Tomsk Oblast (128), Novosibirsk Oblast (117), and Omsk Oblast (114). The number of legal acts mentioning “cultural identity” is significantly lower and ranges from 1 (Altai Krai, Omsk Oblast) to 24 (Krasnoyarsk Krai). Additionally, no legal acts were found concerning issues of cultural identity in the Republic of Altai and the Republic of Khakassia. In the second part of the study, we conducted an analysis of legal norms for the period from 2014 to 2024 and identified key terms representing the traditional values listed by the legislator. Among these values, “family” stands out as the most frequently mentioned in legal acts, which led us to analyze it separately. Table 1 illustrates the trends in the number of legal acts mentioning “family.” Krasnoyarsk Krai leads by a wide margin among other regions, with a growth rate of +12.96%. It is followed by Omsk Oblast (+61.14%) and Tomsk Oblast (+53.4%), both showing positive trends. However, when focusing on growth rates, the most rapid increase in mentions of “family” occurred in other regions: the Republic of Tuva saw a 2.5-fold rise, while Altai Krai (+88.31%), Novosibirsk Oblast (+84.52%), and the Republic of Altai (+80.15%) also experienced significant growth. https://changing-sp.com/ 626 Elena V. Matveeva, Anna E. Shilova, Aliya V. Sat Figure 4 The Number of Legal Acts Regulating the Cultural Sphere by Region for the Key Terms “Cultural Sovereignty” and “Cultural Identity” in the Siberian Federal District, 2014–2024 33 34 38 57 59 63 114 117 128 251 3 1 2 2 0 0 1 4 2 24 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 Republic of Tuva Altai Krai Irkutsk Oblast Kuzbass Altai Republic Republic of Khakassia Omsk Oblast Novosibirsk Oblast Tomsk Oblast Krasnoyarsk Oblast "cultural sovereignty" "cultural identity" Note. Source: developed by the authors. Table 1 The Number of Legal Acts Concerning the Regulation of the Keyword “Family” in the Siberian Federal District From 2014 to 2024 Region 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 Growth rate, % Altai Krai 248 309 337 352 327 291 228 271 375 416 467 +88.31% Krasnoyarsk Krai 1289 1230 1008 1002 1082 952 1153 1488 1367 1419 1456 +12.96% Irkutsk Oblast 541 597 615 525 660 666 553 542 610 579 551 +1.85% Kemerovo Oblast— Kuzbass 528 454 424 419 424 505 618 655 628 541 383 –27.46% Novosibirsk Oblast 394 443 378 385 462 520 442 478 538 567 727 +84.52% Omsk Oblast 422 463 465 461 495 525 576 648 820 889 680 +61.14% Tomsk Oblast 530 552 521 521 536 588 617 568 641 773 813 +53.4% Republic of Altai 131 133 134 140 133 132 159 196 180 223 236 +80.15% Republic of Tuva 118 99 152 185 189 174 164 200 224 281 291 2.5 times Republic of Khakassia 364 380 383 334 395 362 410 367 441 436 428 +17.58% Changing Societies & Personalities, 2025, Vol. 9, No. 3, pp. 614–634 627 The distribution of regulatory legal acts across thematic groups, such as patriotism, citizenship, historical memory, and spiritual and moral values, appears rather distinctive. Initially, the regions of the Siberian Federal District were categorized according to the prevailing key words. As shown in Table 2, the most prominent regional groups are associated with the keywords “patriotism” and “historical memory.” The category of spiritual and moral values stands out in the Republic of Tuva, where it has the highest number of legal acts. This prevalence in Republic of Tuva can be attributed to the region’s traditional way of life and the population’s strong adherence to patriarchal family and kinship values, as well as respect for elders (Matveeva, Astakhov, & Sat, 2024). Table 2 Distribution of the Regions of the Siberian Federal District by Predominant Keywords, 2014–2024 Predominant keyword Regions of the Siberian Federal District Patriotism Irkutsk Oblast, Omsk Oblast, Tomsk Oblast, Republic of Altai, Republic of Khakassia Historical memory Altai Krai, Krasnoyarsk Krai, Kemerovo Oblast—Kuzbass, Novosibirsk Oblast Spiritual and moral values Republic of Tuva Along with the analysis by predominant keywords, the collected data have been organized by regions for 2014–2024. As shown in Figure 5, there is a clear disparity in the frequency of the category “historical memory” in legal acts compared to other concepts classified by legislators as traditional values. Historical memory features as the most frequently mentioned category, with the highest number of references in legal acts recorded in Altai Krai (888 mentions), Krasnoyarsk Krai (563), Novosibirsk Oblast (343), the Republic of Khakassia (330), and Irkutsk Oblast (264). The second most frequently mentioned category is patriotism, with the highest averages found in Krasnoyarsk Krai (298), Irkutsk Oblast (284), Omsk Oblast (273), and Tomsk Oblast (269). Ranking third are spiritual and moral values, which appear most often in legal acts in Novosibirsk Oblast (241), Krasnoyarsk Krai (232), and Tomsk Oblast (187). Finally, civic consciousness is the least frequently referenced category, with Irkutsk Oblast (219) and Omsk Oblast (208) leading among the regions. An analysis of legal acts in the regions of the Siberian Federal District was conducted to compare regions’ involvement in the legislative process on traditional values, using the growth rate indicator. In Irkutsk Oblast, a decrease was observed in most of the evaluated categories: patriotism (–43.33%), civic consciousness (–33.33%), and historical memory (–48.57%). In Krasnoyarsk Krai, the decrease was particularly noticeable in the categories of patriotism (–28.00%) and civic consciousness (–53.33%). Positive dynamics in Krasnoyarsk Krai were observed in the categories of spiritual and moral values (growth by a factor of 2.17) and historical memory (+10.77%), while in Irkutsk Oblast, the positive trend was seen in spiritual and moral values (growth by a factor of 2.88). https://changing-sp.com/ 628 Elena V. Matveeva, Anna E. Shilova, Aliya V. Sat Note. Source: developed by the authors. Additionally, to identify the dynamics related to the keyword “historical memory” in the three leading regions (Altai Krai, Krasnoyarsk Krai, and Novosibirsk Oblast), measurements were taken at two-year intervals (Table 3). Table 3 The Number of Legal Acts Regulating the Territory in the Leading Regions for the Use of the Keyword “Historical Memory,” 2014–2024 Region 2014 2016 2018 2020 2022 2024 Altai Krai 9 22 15 371 248 27 Krasnoyarsk Krai 65 57 35 44 72 72 Novosibirsk Oblast 25 24 28 25 37 44 Note. The highest indicators are bolded. The data presented in Table 3 show that Krasnoyarsk Krai had the highest number of legal acts in the given period, with most of the adopted legal documents addressing issues related to the commemoration of citizens (heroes and participants of the Great Patriotic War, Heroes of Socialist Labor, Heroes of the Soviet Union, etc.), historical events, and celebrations of the victory in the Great Patriotic War of 1941–1945. These are primarily Figure 5 The Number of Legal Acts Regulating the Keywords “Patriotism,” “Civic Consciousness,” “Historical Memory,” and “Spiritual and Moral Values” in the Siberian Federal District, 2014–2024 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 "patriotism" "civic responsibility" "historical memory" "spiritual and moral values" Changing Societies & Personalities, 2025, Vol. 9, No. 3, pp. 614–634 629 decrees issued by the administrations of cities in Krasnoyarsk Krai and resolutions of the Krasnoyarsk City Council of Deputies. In Altai Krai, surges in the number of legal acts occurred in 2020 and 2022, driven by decrees from the Altai Krai Government and orders from the Department of State Protection of Cultural Heritage Sites (Altaiokhrankultura). These measures established protection zones for culturally significant sites, including residential and merchant houses, as well as architectural and artistic church monuments. Discussion Theories of cultural values continue to play a significant role in the theoretical understanding of traditional values. In this context, cultural value theories by Inglehart, Welzel, Hayden, Schwartz, and others define values as ideals that are both conceptually significant and practically relevant, particularly amid growing national security concerns. In this context, a review of cultural value theories provides a more comprehensive framework for analyzing current legal norms, particularly when historical and cultural heritage is taken into account. Our findings, which can be extrapolated to other federal districts, represent nationwide trends in Russia’s preservation and strengthening of traditional values. Intersectoral cooperation within the system of cultural policy, covering cultural values, national security, interethnic relations, and migration, supports this trend (Volokh et al., 2023). This study does not aim to cover all aspects of legal regulation concerning the preservation and strengthening of traditional values in the Siberian Federal District’s cultural policy. In this study, the focus was made on the quantitative dynamics of regulating traditional values, such as historical memory, civic consciousness, and patriotism, rather than on conducting a political-legal analysis of regulatory documents from a qualitative perspective. Future research, however, could explore qualitative parameters to better understand opportunities for preserving and strengthening the traditional foundations of Russian society in legal documents. Conclusion This research offers insights into the future development of legislation on traditional values and their role in Russia’s state system. One key area is the need for more specialized legal regulations in line with Presidential Decree No. 809 of November 9, 2022. This decree defines traditional values broadly, encompassing all aspects of life, including socioeconomic and political-legal processes at the regional level. It addresses human rights and freedoms, the right to life, dignity, and productive work (Ob utverzhdenii Osnov gosudarstvennoi politiki po sokhraneniiu, 2022). Consequently, an increase in legal documents is expected, extending beyond patriotic education to areas such as labor conditions in the Labor Code and upcoming changes to migration legislation in 2025. Secondly, alongside the strong need for legal regulation on family issues, as shown by the number of legal acts issued in the regions of the Siberian Federal District, there is a trend toward an increasing number of acts regulating matters such as civic consciousness, historical memory, patriotism, and other traditional values of Russian https://changing-sp.com/ 630 Elena V. Matveeva, Anna E. Shilova, Aliya V. Sat statehood that have been underexplored in academic literature. These include service to the Motherland, responsibility for its future, mercy, justice, and the friendship of peoples. Thirdly, our study detected an increase in legal acts aimed at preserving the memory of citizens, such as heroes and participants of the Great Patriotic War, Heroes of Socialist Labor, and Heroes of the Soviet Union, as well as significant historical events. This trend is linked to periods of heightened patriotism in the country and reflects the state’s growing focus on preserving historical memory, especially during anniversaries of the Victory in the Great Patriotic War. More broadly, the thematic focus of legislation, reflected in the number of adopted legal acts, corresponds to the economic and sociocultural characteristics of each region. 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