item: #1 of 7527
          id: cet-100
      author: TW
       title: cet-100
        date: 2017-10-04
       words: 3085
      flesch: 55
     summary: Thus, the process of shale gas separation and ethane cracking can take full advantage of shale gas and improve economic efficiency. Methane 4.76 Hydrogen 38.20 Ethylene 1,3-Butadiene Acetylene CO2 33.9 1.94 0.26 0.36 Propane Ethane Propene 0.46 20 0.18 2.3 Heuristic energy integration Through simulation, this paper gives the energy consumption of shale gas separation process (2,012.45 kW) and ethane cracking process (1,082.7 kW).
    keywords: energy; ethane; gas; process; separation; shale
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        item: #2 of 7527
          id: cet-1000
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-1000
        date: 2018-01-18
       words: 3135
      flesch: 52
     summary: Figure 2: The schematic diagram of ball screw 3.2 Dynamic modeling and analysis of ball screw pair based on virtual prototype Figure 3: The simulation analysis procedure of ADAMS 1208 Assembly model of single nut single roll in 3D Software Solidworks, and introduced into the dynamic analysis software ADAMS. Load of ball screw pair The minimum load Fmm is the axial force acting on the ball screw pair when the device is unloaded, such as the friction caused by the positioning weight.
    keywords: ball; ball screw; contact; device; force; nut; positioning; screw; technology
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        item: #3 of 7527
          id: cet-10000
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 425simasatitkul.doc
        date: 2019-06-10
       words: 3076
      flesch: 52
     summary: The ARIA database by the French Bureau for Analysis of Industrial Risks and Pollutions (BARPI), <aria.developpement-durable.gouv.fr/the-barpi/the-aria-database/?lang=en> accessed 31.10.2018, World Health Organization (WHO), 2018, Chemical releases caused by natural hazard events and disasters – information for public health authorities 1410 Thus, chemical and process facilities are critical infrastructures that can possibly be affected by NaTechs, and lately, companies covered by Seveso regulation need to include natural events in their risk assessment (European Parliament and Council, 2012).
    keywords: accidents; analysis; chemical; database; events; fire; natech; records
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        item: #4 of 7527
          id: cet-10001
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 425simasatitkul.doc
        date: 2019-06-10
       words: 2850
      flesch: 47
     summary: Nitrate and phosphate seemed to be crucial factor for the biomass production, as demonstrated by monitoring their depletion during growth tests. In this work the most relevant parameters affecting Scenedesmus Almeriensis growth were investigated.
    keywords: almeriensis; growth; membrane; microalgae; scenedesmus; test
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        item: #5 of 7527
          id: cet-10002
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 425simasatitkul.doc
        date: 2019-06-10
       words: 3092
      flesch: 46
     summary: Table 1: Operating condition for astaxanthin extraction from H. pluvialis Solvent Temperature(°C) Pressure (bar) Astaxanthin extraction processes from H. pluvialis have been investigated in several scientific papers using different technologies such as solid-liquid extraction by means of Sohxlet apparatus (Ruen-ngam et al. 2010), pressurized liquid extraction using Accelerated Solvent Extractor (ASE 200)
    keywords: astaxanthin; extraction; extracts; pluvialis; weight
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        item: #6 of 7527
          id: cet-10003
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 425simasatitkul.doc
        date: 2019-06-10
       words: 3045
      flesch: 51
     summary: Among them are the high gain observer (Bernard, et al.,1999), a robust Luenberger observer (Benavides, et al., 2015), interval and Lipschitz observers (Goffaux et al., 2009, Khaksar Toroghi et al.,2013), and continuous-discrete Kalman Filters (Rocha et al., 2012, Jerono et al., 2018). Figure 2: State estimates (blue) and measurement data (black) for the batch process with biomass (b), quota (q) substrate (s) and oxygen (O2) components.
    keywords: biomass; concentration; measurement; microalgae; model; observer
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        item: #7 of 7527
          id: cet-10004
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 425simasatitkul.doc
        date: 2019-06-10
       words: 3721
      flesch: 35
     summary: It can be concluded that the influence of microalgae cultivation conditions on the chemical composition of the culture fluid and its effect on the life activity of symbiotic associations of opportunistic and pathogenic microorganisms has not been sufficiently studied. The aim of this work was to study the antibiotic properties of exometabolites of Chlorella vulgaris microalgae, as well as to determine the modes of microalgae cultivation, in which they have the maximum bactericidal effect on the microflora of wastewater.
    keywords: acids; chlorella; cultivation; culture; effect; fluid; growth; lipid; microalgae; phase; wastewater
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        item: #8 of 7527
          id: cet-10005
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 425simasatitkul.doc
        date: 2019-06-10
       words: 3226
      flesch: 41
     summary: Immobilized cells Free cells μ - h-1 0.22 0.14 YX/G - gDM/g 0.06 0.05 r - g/gDMh 0.82 Therefore, immobilization in calcium alginate beads could be an attractive commercial alternative because yield, productivity and final concentration of SA increased in comparison with free cells fermentation.
    keywords: acid; beads; cells; concentration; fermentation; production; succinogenes
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        item: #9 of 7527
          id: cet-10006
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 425simasatitkul.doc
        date: 2019-06-10
       words: 3221
      flesch: 55
     summary: Figure 1 shows the germination rate (%) of Lolium perenne seeds exposed to different Cd2 A later beginning of germination was observed in treated seeds, suggesting a significant effect of the tested concentrations of Cd2+ (p<0.0001; F = 25.7) and Hg2+ (p<0.0001; F= 34.3) on the time of emergence of Lolium perenne seeds.
    keywords: cd2; germination; hg2; lolium; metals; perenne; plant; seeds
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        item: #10 of 7527
          id: cet-10007
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 425simasatitkul.doc
        date: 2019-06-10
       words: 3799
      flesch: 57
     summary: The growth activities for each combination of metals were quantified using CFU plate count analysis by plating the final sample of the 40 ppm Zn(II) and Cu(II) runs (including and excluding Pb(II)) on agar plates spiked with a constant 80 ppm Pb(II). The residual aqueous Pb(II), Zn(II), and Cu(II) measured the degree of removal of each metal, and the growth activities for each combination of metals were quantified using CFU plate count analysis by plating the final sample of the 40 ppm Zn(II) and Cu(II) runs that include and exclude Pb(II), on agar plates spiked with 80 ppm Pb(II).
    keywords: concentrations; cu(ii; pb(ii; ppm; ppm zn(ii; zn(ii
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        item: #11 of 7527
          id: cet-10008
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 425simasatitkul.doc
        date: 2019-06-10
       words: 3266
      flesch: 49
     summary: In that study experiments were performed under anaerobic conditions using both Luria Bertani broth and a simulated Luria Bertani broth (with reduced NaCl concentration for higher Pb(II) concentrations) as growth media. The presence of the precipitate resulted in a reduced concentration of Pb(II) and consequently an inaccurate indication of the metal resistance of the organism, necessitating follow-up experiments with simulated agar with reduced NaCl.
    keywords: agar; concentrations; consortium; lead; nacl; pb(ii; ppm; precipitate
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        item: #12 of 7527
          id: cet-10009
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 425simasatitkul.doc
        date: 2019-06-10
       words: 3501
      flesch: 48
     summary: Figure 1: Batch analysis of identified Cr(VI) reducing bacteria at 50 mg/L of Cr(VI) concentration taken over a period of 24 h Complete reduction by Pseudomonas putida and Enterobacter hormaechei cultures was observed just within 5 h of analysis as shown on figure 1. Complete Cr(VI) reduction has been previously recorded by Das et al. (2014) where the isolated Cr(VI) reducing bacteria (Bacillus amyloliquefaciens) showed total reduction of Cr(VI) to Cr(III) under 10,50 and 100 mg/L. Figure 2: Batch analysis of identified Cr(VI) reducing bacteria at 400 mg/L of Cr(VI) concentration taken over a period of 24 h Cr(VI)
    keywords: bacteria; chirwa; chromium; column; cr(iii; cr(vi; culture; reduction; system
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        item: #13 of 7527
          id: cet-1001
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-1001
        date: 2018-01-18
       words: 2839
      flesch: 52
     summary: Through comparative analysis, it is seen that the WNN-based life prediction method is the most accurate and suitable approach for relay life prediction. The typical studies on relay life prediction are as follows.
    keywords: life; network; neural; parameters; prediction; samples; time; training
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        item: #14 of 7527
          id: cet-10010
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 425simasatitkul.doc
        date: 2019-06-10
       words: 3412
      flesch: 43
     summary: The experiment with CaSO4 showed low yields and growth rates, possibility indicating and inhibitory effect of the CaSO4. Growth in the presence of solid calcium carbonate and calcium sulphate showed a preference for attached growth in the vicinity of solids, while suspended growth was preferred when just air was supplied.
    keywords: biomass; caco3; carbon; day; experiment; growth; yield
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        item: #15 of 7527
          id: cet-10011
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 425simasatitkul.doc
        date: 2019-06-10
       words: 3148
      flesch: 49
     summary: The use of winery wastewater as a culture medium for microalgae growth in the absence of light could significantly reduce the microalgae production costs. Figure 1: Microalgae growth curves obtained by a) dry weight, b) optical density.
    keywords: biomass; content; culture; growth; microalgae; wwws
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        item: #16 of 7527
          id: cet-10012
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 425simasatitkul.doc
        date: 2019-06-10
       words: 4030
      flesch: 43
     summary: Please cite this article as: Galdino Ribeiro B., Monteiro Dos Santos M., Isabel Silveira Pinto M., Morais Meira H., Batista Durval I., Medeiros Campos Guerra J., Sarubbo L., 2019, Production and Optimization of the Extraction Conditions of a Biosurfactant of Candida Utilis Ufpeda1009 with Potential of Application in the Food Industry, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 74, 1477-1482 DOI:10.3303/CET1974247 1477 Biosurfactants have several advantages over their chemical counterparts, as they can be produced from agroindustrial substrates and exhibit low toxicity, high biodegradability and compatibility with the environment, as well as greater selectivity, foamability and stability under extreme conditions of pH, temperature and salinity (Luna et al., 2018). Luo et al., 2017).
    keywords: biosurfactant; cmc; concentration; medium; oil; production; surface; tension
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        item: #17 of 7527
          id: cet-10013
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 425simasatitkul.doc
        date: 2019-06-10
       words: 3358
      flesch: 44
     summary: DOI:10.1016/B978-0-444-63428-3.50061-8 Torgashov A., Zmeu K., 2015, Identification of nonlinear soft sensor models of industrial distillation process under uncertainty, IFAC-Papers Online, 48, 45-46. Soft sensors are mathematical models that estimate quality variables, hard to measure, through easily measured variables such as temperature, pressure and flow (Torgashov and Zmeu, 2015).
    keywords: chemical; data; distillation; doi; engineering; ethanol; layer; network; neural; process; sensor
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        item: #18 of 7527
          id: cet-10014
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 425simasatitkul.doc
        date: 2019-06-10
       words: 3029
      flesch: 50
     summary: In recent years, thanks to technological advancement, TMJ replacement devices can be developed starting from specific tomographic data of each patient, calling them as custom-made prosthesis. TMJ condylar replacement device was implanted on the right mandibular ramus.
    keywords: bite; bone; device; joint; prosthesis; replacement; stress; tmj
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        item: #19 of 7527
          id: cet-10015
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 425simasatitkul.doc
        date: 2019-06-10
       words: 3568
      flesch: 44
     summary: Liquid-liquid extraction of a simple synthetic OMW containing tyrosol and phenol has shown that the octanoic acid:dodecanoic acid NaDES exhibits the most favourable extraction features among the test set and that it is capable of separating unwanted phenol from the water phase and that all the tested extractants are most very efficient at neutral pH. The reported results show that NaDES solvents are promising food-safe solvents to improve existing processes for the separation of the healthy fraction of polyphenols from OOMWs. Liquid-liquid extraction is a promising method in extraction phenols because this type of extraction exhibits large capacity and easy accessibility.
    keywords: acid; extraction; liquid; nades; phenol; solvents; tyrosol
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        item: #20 of 7527
          id: cet-10016
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 425simasatitkul.doc
        date: 2019-06-10
       words: 3519
      flesch: 49
     summary: 2.3 Equilibrium test The equilibrium test had as objective to verify the amount of sugarcane bagasse biomass necessary to reach the balance of dye removal present in the synthetic solution. At equilibrium, the percentage of dye removal was approximately 69%.
    keywords: adsorption; b2r; bagasse; chemical; dye; dyes; equilibrium; removal; study; sugarcane; test
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        item: #21 of 7527
          id: cet-10018
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 425simasatitkul.doc
        date: 2019-06-10
       words: 3986
      flesch: 38
     summary: The predominance of bacterial strains of Bacillus genus among other genera in the bioremediation processes, indicates that these bacterial strains are the main agents responsible for the degradation of butyric acid 1515 3.2 Effects of initial medium pH on butyric acid degradation and bacterial growth Environmental pH has a strong effect on their cell metabolism and growth. Also, these results are in perfect accordance with Chin et al (2010) observation that rapid degradation of butyric acid as a sole source of carbon and energy when it was inoculated with Acinetobacter calcoaceticus, Burkholdeira cepacia and Wautersia paucula was accomplished at neutral pH. It is possible that some key enzymes responsible for butyric acid degradation have their optimal enzymatic activity at neutral pH. Further increase in pH from 8 to 10 or decrease from 6 to 5 drastically lowered butyric acid deodorisation efficiency and bacterial growth for all the bacterial strains.
    keywords: acid; bacillus; butyric; degradation; growth; latrines; medium; pit; sanitation; strains
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        item: #22 of 7527
          id: cet-10019
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 425simasatitkul.doc
        date: 2019-06-10
       words: 3040
      flesch: 42
     summary: The results showed that after 12 hours of incubation a black precipitate of reduced Pd formed, the consortium produced a higher percentage reduction of 90% at a concentration of 2mM while the pure isolate had a percentage reduction of 77%. Previous reports suggest Pd reducing cells play a tri-functional role.
    keywords: bacteria; metal; palladium; recovery; reduction; sulphate
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        item: #23 of 7527
          id: cet-1002
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-1002
        date: 2018-01-18
       words: 3051
      flesch: 51
     summary: The findings shed new light on the research of PAHs adsorption and anoxic degradation in coastal sediments. The purpose is to lay a scientific basis for artificial restoration of Bohai coastal sediments.
    keywords: adsorption; nap; order; pahs; phe; pseudo; pyr; sediments
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        item: #24 of 7527
          id: cet-10020
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 425simasatitkul.doc
        date: 2019-06-10
       words: 3718
      flesch: 50
     summary: For the collection of water samples, the plastic container was introduced into the water body until it was filled and sealed before being removed from the water body. In-situ physicochemical characterization of water samples in low season (April) and rainy season (September).
    keywords: arsenic; arsenite; genes; growth; kinetics; microorganisms; samples; strains; water; yem
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        item: #25 of 7527
          id: cet-10021
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 425simasatitkul.doc
        date: 2019-06-10
       words: 3461
      flesch: 47
     summary: Acknowledgments The authors are grateful to COMCAP-UEM, UFPR-PALOTINA and UTFPR-Ponta Grossa for their analyzes, as well as to CAPES and CNPq for financial support Reference Canela M. C., Jardim W. F., Sodré F. F., Grassi M. T., 2014, Caffeine in Waters for public consumption in Brazil/ Intituto Nacional de Ciências e Tecnologias Avançadas – INCTAA, São Carlos: Editora Cubo. Carotenuto M., Lofrano G., Siciliano A., Alibert F., Guida M., 2014, TiO2 photocatalytic degradation of caffeine and ecotoxicological assessment of oxidation by-products. An assay was performed in the absence of catalyst and presence of photolysis provided by a 125 W mercury vapor lamp to verify the degree of caffeine degradation only by the incidence of radiation in the reaction medium.
    keywords: caffeine; catalyst; degradation; et al; iron; silver; tio2
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        item: #26 of 7527
          id: cet-10022
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 425simasatitkul.doc
        date: 2019-06-10
       words: 3110
      flesch: 47
     summary: Introduction The most common forms of drug release include the conventional form, or also called immediate release. An alternative is the so-called modified drug release, in which it is possible to obtain a better control of drug release in the body (Ding, 2016).
    keywords: alginate; drug; formulations; incorporation; release; sericin; silva; valsartan
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        item: #27 of 7527
          id: cet-10023
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 425simasatitkul.doc
        date: 2019-06-10
       words: 4341
      flesch: 58
     summary: However, the linear regression model applied for the independent variables resulted in a linear correlation coefficient of 0.9959 and variance of 97.98% for the variable yield of olive leaf extract. The use of olive leaf extract rich in oleuropein and other phenolic compounds with antioxidant activity is promising for the enrichment of olive oil, for example, increasing its polyphenol composition and its oxidative stability (Jimenez et al., 2011; Coppa et al., 2017).
    keywords: antioxidant; compounds; extraction; extracts; flow; leaves; oleuropein; olive; pressure; temperature
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        item: #28 of 7527
          id: cet-10024
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 425simasatitkul.doc
        date: 2019-06-10
       words: 2935
      flesch: 36
     summary: 3. AD functionalization for targeted siRNA delivery Further improvement of AD-mediated siRNA delivery were next conducted with the purpose of endowing this self-assembled NV with active targeting ability for specific cancer cell delivery. The key findings of these efforts can be summarized as follows: the NV based on [69Ga]Ga-1 was characterized by effective accumulation in tumors, excellent sensitivity and specific imaging of various tumors, and, most importantly, was especially efficacious for tumors otherwise undetectable using the clinical gold reference 2-fluorodeoxyglucose ([18F]FDG) (Figure 7).
    keywords: cancer; delivery; figure; imaging; self; sirna
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        item: #29 of 7527
          id: cet-10025
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 425simasatitkul.doc
        date: 2019-06-10
       words: 3344
      flesch: 52
     summary: At the initial time of degradation (Table 2), scaffold G100T occurred the weakest in structure with weight remain of 18.34% at degradation time of 0.5 hour while scaffold G64T showed the weakest structure with weight remain of 10.56% at degradation time of 3 hours. The results of those research fields showed that gelatin scaffolds could be able to maintain cells with good affinity and proliferation after 14 days of culturing without any signs of biodegradation (Lee et al. 2005).
    keywords: cmc; degradation; gelatin; ratio; scaffold; swelling; tissue
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        item: #30 of 7527
          id: cet-10026
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 425simasatitkul.doc
        date: 2019-06-10
       words: 3490
      flesch: 34
     summary: In addition to the production of new metabolites, this approach may also lead to an increase in the yield of compounds commonly produced under classical conditions (Williams et al., 2008), which is extremely important approach to produce metabolites of interest. New metabolites were produced by F. nygamai in the presence of the epigenetic modulators procainamide (TR 21.5 min, Chromatogram V, Fn + PROCA) and hydralazine (TR 28.5, 26.6 and 27.0 min, Chromatogram V, Fn + HYDRA).
    keywords: acetylcholinesterase; activity; extracts; hydra; inhibitors; metabolites; min; modulation; proca; rogersoniana; species
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        item: #31 of 7527
          id: cet-10027
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 425simasatitkul.doc
        date: 2019-06-10
       words: 3062
      flesch: 41
     summary: The surface modification of the Au electrodes for the preparation of AFB1 immunosensors was monitored using EIS (figure 1a) and CV (figure 1b). Finally, in order to highlight the AFB1 detection capability of the best developed immunosensors, food matrices were analysed and the results were compared with those obtained with specific ELISA kit for AFB1 detection.
    keywords: afb1; anti; detection; electrode; food; immobilization; immunosensors
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        item: #32 of 7527
          id: cet-10028
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 425simasatitkul.doc
        date: 2019-06-10
       words: 3194
      flesch: 47
     summary: The recommendations for future studies are an evaluation of long-term toxicity, using chronic tests, because the chronic effect is reflected by the response to a stimulus that continues for a long time, usually for periods that may encompass part or the whole life cycle of organisms, besides the verification of toxicity also in sediments, because the water body is frequently modified by the natural action of the currents, and a longer sampling period, with more collection points, so that coefficients of variation of the samples in different dilutions could be obtained. It is hoped that the results of ecotoxicological tests can be used as subsidies for decision makers in relation to public policies of the environment, thus influencing in contexts related to greater control of the launching of pollutants in water bodies and effective supervision by environmental agencies.
    keywords: collection; conama; parameters; point; second; values; water
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        item: #33 of 7527
          id: cet-10029
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 1.docx
        date: 2019-10-10
       words: 3460
      flesch: 37
     summary: In addition, interlaboratory tests are also used to improve and validate test methods and can be used for the determination of the measurement uncertainty, Hässelbarth (2004), ISO (2004). This paper specially addresses interlaboratory tests for the validation of test methods performed by CEQAT- DGHS (Centre for quality assurance for testing of dangerous goods and hazardous substances, www.ceqat- dghs.bam.de) and outlines typical results and general conclusions and steps to be taken to guarantee that laboratory test results are fit for the purpose and of high quality.
    keywords: bam; ceqat; data; dghs; interlaboratory; methods; results; test
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        item: #34 of 7527
          id: cet-1003
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-1003
        date: 2018-01-18
       words: 3483
      flesch: 36
     summary: Figure 1: Infrared spectrum of unmodified Figure 2: Infrared spectrum of modified polysaccharides polysaccharides 3.4 Determination of antioxidant capacity (1) Effect of enzyme modification on scavenging hydroxyl radicals It can be seen from Figure 3a that unmodified polysaccharides, modified polysaccharides and ascorbic acid all had a certain scavenging effect on hydroxyl radicals, and that the scavenging effect increased with the concentration of the solutions. (c) Effect of enzyme modification on scavenging DPPH radicals (2) Effect of enzyme modification on scavenging superoxide anions It can be seen from Figure 3b that unmodified polysaccharides, modified polysaccharides and ascorbic acid all had a certain scavenging effect on superoxide anions, and that the scavenging effect increased with the concentration of the solutions.
    keywords: acid; alutacea; concentration; modification; polysaccharides; radicals; rate; scavenging; solution
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        item: #35 of 7527
          id: cet-10030
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 1.docx
        date: 2019-10-10
       words: 3658
      flesch: 49
     summary: 4. Conclusions Our review presents the latest findings related to the evaluation of metal dusts deflagration hazards and the corresponding challenges for explosion protection systems: • the severity of metal dusts deflagrations does not scale well when using the KSt concept and cubic law. As a result, metal dusts explosions are often much more devastating than explosions involving organic materials.
    keywords: aluminum; bar; dusts; explosion; kst; metal; protection; taveau
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        item: #36 of 7527
          id: cet-10031
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 1.docx
        date: 2019-10-10
       words: 3360
      flesch: 35
     summary: Layout To maximize efficiency, plant layout should facilitate the production process, minimize material handling and operating cost, and promote utilization of manpower (Seungho J et. 3.1 Segregation Risk reduction through segregation of hazards from non-hazards is a key strategy considered in facility layout.
    keywords: design; engineering; equipment; facility; gas; layout; process; risk; safeguard; siting
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        item: #37 of 7527
          id: cet-10032
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 1.docx
        date: 2019-10-10
       words: 3778
      flesch: 40
     summary: This article presents experiences and perspectives from hydrogen system risk assessments. This will in many cases lead to excessive conservatism if directly applied to hydrogen scenarios, and for some criteria adjustments should be considered for hydrogen, see Table 2. 21 Table 2: Vulnerability/fatality thresholds which should be considered adjusted for hydrogen systems Hazard Fatality criteria Need for adjustment for hydrogen scenarios Blast pressures ~0.2-0.5 bar Duration of blast load will be much shorter (2-20ms) than for hydrocarbon scenarios (20-250ms), duration should be considered assessing vulnerability to people and structures Flashfire LFL People trapped in hydrocarbon flashfire (~1300˚C at LFL) are assumed fatally injured.
    keywords: assessment; cfd; design; gas; hydrogen; lh2; release; risk; safety; scenarios; systems
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        item: #38 of 7527
          id: cet-10033
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 1.docx
        date: 2019-10-10
       words: 3905
      flesch: 58
     summary: Derived probit functions for HCl In this section, the resulting probit functions for Hydrogen Chloride (HCl) (CAS number: 7647-01-0) are discussed, as well for Flanders as for The Netherlands. When calculating the risk of a Seveso-establishment with toxic substances, probit functions are used to have a relationship between the human lethality on one hand and the concentration of the toxic substance on the other hand.
    keywords: data; extrapolation; flanders; functions; probit; studies
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        item: #39 of 7527
          id: cet-10034
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 1.docx
        date: 2019-10-10
       words: 3267
      flesch: 43
     summary: Comparison between models for cost estimation Model of Gavoius et al. API 581 model Description Cdamage FCCMD, FCAFFA FCENV Cost for equipment repair and replacement Cost for environmental clean-up Cmedical FCINJ Cost due to potential injuries associated with failure Cfine Not included Cost for fines Cinsurance Not included Cost for insurance Ccapacity lost, Cschedule, Crecruit, Cwip FCPROD Costs associated with production losses and business interruption Cwork time FCINJ Cost due accident investigation Cmang Not included Costs for the CEO time payment Cpayment Not included Refund Cimmeasurable FCINJ Cost due loss reputation 3. Figure 4 Financial consequences versus mitigation system costs.
    keywords: analysis; benefit; case; chemical; cost; inspection; management; measures; safety
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        item: #40 of 7527
          id: cet-10035
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 1.docx
        date: 2019-10-10
       words: 3351
      flesch: 53
     summary: The discussions started with a collection of risk matrices submitted in an anonymous survey conducted among EPSC members before the start of the working group. Application of company-specific risk matrices to an example case gave the same results for most participants, thus demonstrating that most risk matrices of working group members will arrive at a comparable risk level While individual companies will often not share their risk matrix in public, the results of the working group can be shared, as the comparisons have been anonymized.
    keywords: group; matrices; matrix; risk; sil; working
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        item: #41 of 7527
          id: cet-10036
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 1.docx
        date: 2019-10-10
       words: 2644
      flesch: 51
     summary: The evaluation of ignition probabilities is a fundamental step within the calculation of hazardous phenomena frequencies associated to a loss of containment of a flammable product (explosion, pool fire, jet fire). In this paper, after a brief review of the most significant approaches to estimate ignition probabilities, an applicative case-study referred to a fictive process unit is presented.
    keywords: ignition; probability; sources; time; volume
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        item: #42 of 7527
          id: cet-10037
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 1.docx
        date: 2019-10-10
       words: 3625
      flesch: 43
     summary: The databases also contain information on types of accident scenarios, root causes, and failing safety barriers. The strength of the metaphor is its relationship between accident scenarios, technical safety barriers, non- technical safety barriers and management delivery systems.
    keywords: accident; bow; indicators; management; mover; pallet; safety
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        item: #43 of 7527
          id: cet-10038
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 1.docx
        date: 2019-10-10
       words: 3785
      flesch: 55
     summary: Domino accidents during LUOs Chang and Lin (2006) analyzed 242 storage tank accidents according to published reports from various sources, indicating that overfilling was the most frequent cause of accidents during LUOs and 13 out of 15 overfilling cases induced domino effects. As a result, a primary unwanted event at one installation may propagate to others, triggering a chain of accidents, resulting in overall consequences more severe than those of the primary event; a phenomenon which is known as domino effects or knock-on effects (Reniers and Cozzani, 2013).
    keywords: accident; chemical; cloud; domino; effects; luos; overfilling; risk; safety; tank
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        item: #44 of 7527
          id: cet-10039
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 1.docx
        date: 2019-10-10
       words: 3843
      flesch: 51
     summary: The metal oxides that were assigned H2 were classified using the decision tree specific for H2 materials. The same result was found when classifying Al2O3, Cr2O3 and SiO2 with the decision tree for H2 materials, all these processes were found to be Nano 2 (Table 3, entries 4, 5 and 6).
    keywords: classification; classified; enm; hazard; health; materials; nano; processes; research
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        item: #45 of 7527
          id: cet-1004
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-1004
        date: 2018-01-18
       words: 3518
      flesch: 37
     summary: In simulation, it firstly carries out contrast verification of controller performance under different controller parameters so as to determine better controller parameters and lay the foundation for DO value process control. In simulation, it firstly conducted contrast verification of controller performance under different controller parameters settings so as to determine better controller parameters and lay the foundation for DO value process control.
    keywords: control; controller; figure; mpc; process; sewage; time; treatment; value; water
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        item: #46 of 7527
          id: cet-10040
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 1.docx
        date: 2019-10-10
       words: 2412
      flesch: 47
     summary: Although some previous approaches exist towards safety ontologies they are focused on some specific parts or applications of the safety domain. Ontologies can also be integrated with other ontologies.
    keywords: classes; engineering; ontologies; ontology; process; properties; safety
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        item: #47 of 7527
          id: cet-10041
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 1.docx
        date: 2019-10-10
       words: 3733
      flesch: 39
     summary: Then, with the support of the fuzzy method, a final panel of process safety leading indicators was chosen and ranked. Since it is not possible to establish effective preventive action without previously being aware of abnormalities, the correct choice of process safety leading indicators, those reflect the trend of major accidents, is the main goal of any organization (Santos, 2018).
    keywords: accidents; analysis; indicators; management; number; oil; percentage; process; risk; safety
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        item: #48 of 7527
          id: cet-10042
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 1.docx
        date: 2019-10-10
       words: 3206
      flesch: 52
     summary: Conclusions The presented method for fire strategy evaluation provides a new, unique, semi-quantitative technique for fire risk index (FRI) assessment for fire strategies. It makes possible to present and evaluate fire strategies prepared for new or existing buildings.
    keywords: engineering; evaluation; factors; fire; index; protection; risk; safety; strategy
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        item: #49 of 7527
          id: cet-10043
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 1.docx
        date: 2019-10-10
       words: 4414
      flesch: 41
     summary: 2. Safety theories, models, and process safety indicators Major accidents occurring in high-tech-high-hazard sectors from the 1970s onwards have stimulated various theories and models to understand major accident processes. Please cite this article as: Swuste P., van Nunen K., Schmitz P., Reniers G., 2019, Process safety indicators, how solid is the concept?, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 77, 85-90 DOI:10.3303/CET1977015 85 came from the American engineer Thomas Rockwell (1959) (Table 1).
    keywords: accidents; culture; engineering; indicators; management; model; organisation; process; processes; risk; safety; systems; theory
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        item: #50 of 7527
          id: cet-10044
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 1.docx
        date: 2019-10-10
       words: 3053
      flesch: 45
     summary: A publication of The Italian Association of Chemical Engineering Online at www.aidic.it/cet Guest Editors: Genserik Reniers, Bruno Fabiano Copyright © 2019, AIDIC Servizi S.r.l. ISBN 978-88-95608-74-7; ISSN 2283-9216 Fragility Curves of Storage Tanks Impacted by Strong Winds Oscar J. Ramíreza, Adriana M. Mesaa,*, Santiago Zuluagab, Felipe Muñoza, Mauricio Sánchez-Silvab, Ernesto Salzanoc a Department of Chemical Engineering, Universidad de los Andes, Carrera 1E #19A-40, Bogotá (CO) b Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Universidad de Los Andes, Bogotá (CO) c Department of Civil, Chemical, Environmental, and Materials, Università di Bologna, Via Terracini 28, 40131 Bologna (IT) For instance, the two hurricanes Katrina and Rita in 2005, in the Gulf of Mexico (United States) resulted in multiple damages to approximately 611 industrial equipment such as offshore platforms, oil pipelines, and storage tanks.
    keywords: damage; events; fragility; natech; storage; tank; tool; wind
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        item: #51 of 7527
          id: cet-10045
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 1.docx
        date: 2019-10-10
       words: 3930
      flesch: 53
     summary: Secondly, mechanical failure mechanisms, such as corrosion, erosion or fatigue, develop over time, so time always plays a role in mechanical failure mechanisms. Discussion and conclusion This substudy of mechanical failure mechanisms has three high-level results: 1. Important, missing information about, for example, design, material selection and inspection methods, but also about potential incidents has come to light;
    keywords: ageing; barriers; failure; incidents; integrity; mechanisms; plant; process; safety; scenario
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        item: #52 of 7527
          id: cet-10046
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 1.docx
        date: 2019-10-10
       words: 3654
      flesch: 38
     summary: Since barrier management focuses on indicators for the status of barrier systems and barrier elements (Hauge and Øien, 2016), it is necessary to have good knowledge about what information is available for technical, operational and organizational barrier elements and which information provides suitable indicators. According to Fisher et al. (2017) common to all the tools or approaches for operational barrier management, they attempted to either present information of barrier element status individually or on some aggregated level for specific barriers but do not directly use the effect of this information on the overall risk level.
    keywords: barrier; dbm; framework; level; management; performance; process; risk; safety; systems
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        item: #53 of 7527
          id: cet-10047
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 1.docx
        date: 2019-10-10
       words: 2780
      flesch: 64
     summary: This presentation describes the study of old centrifuges (more than 30 years old) whose some characteristics appeared to be out of the ranges defined by the current standards. Please cite this article as: Forestier S., 2019, Safety of old centrifuges in ATEX environment, how can you insure safe working conditions?, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 77, 109-114 DOI:10.3303/CET1977019 109 conditions, foreseeable malfunctions and two simultaneous malfunctions for category 1 devices.
    keywords: centrifuge; discharge; product; resistance; time
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        item: #54 of 7527
          id: cet-10048
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 1.docx
        date: 2019-10-10
       words: 3638
      flesch: 57
     summary: Table 1: Process Hazard Analysis (PHA) Cost Estimate SLC Task Hours spent - using excel Hours spent - using Integrated tool Total Hours per node Unit Total (10 nodes) Cost Estimate SLC Task Hours spent - using excel Hours spent - using Integrated tool Total Hours per hazard scenario Unit Total (50 hazard scenarios)
    keywords: hours; safety; sif; sifs; sil; tool; total
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        item: #55 of 7527
          id: cet-10049
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 1.docx
        date: 2019-10-10
       words: 2614
      flesch: 51
     summary: The particle size distribution of the dust cloud varies from that of the original powder, as verified experimentally, but does not significantly changes after 5 to 10 milliseconds of dust dispersion within the sphere. EN 14034-1&2, 2011, Determination of explosion characteristics of dust clouds, Eur. Com.
    keywords: cloud; dispersion; dust; ignition; nozzle; sphere
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        item: #56 of 7527
          id: cet-1005
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-1005
        date: 2018-01-18
       words: 3085
      flesch: 52
     summary: Through the recording and calculation of the germination status of lettuce seeds, it is found that ACC solution lettuce can promote the germination of lettuce seed, and the greater the concentration is, the higher the germination rate will be; the germination potential is the greatest and the germination speed is the fastest at ACC10, the germination index is the highest and the germination capacity is the greatest at ACC20. It enhances seed germination by promoting cell division and controlling the balance of promoters and inhibitors (Liu et al., 2006).
    keywords: germination; germination rate; lettuce; lettuce seeds; rate; seeds; solution
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        item: #57 of 7527
          id: cet-10050
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 1.docx
        date: 2019-10-10
       words: 3998
      flesch: 44
     summary: In the common international standards for explosion limit determination of gases (i.e. EN 1839, EN ISO 10156, ASTM E681 or ASTM 918) ignition sources with ignition energy in the range between 10 J and 20 J are used, usually a high-voltage spark or a fusing wire. This level of ignition energy is considered as sufficiently high for explosion limit determination, since firstly the energy released by most of the ignition sources present in practice, i.e. for example mechanically generated or electrical sparks, static electricity or smoking, is usually much lower (Crowl, 2003).
    keywords: energy; explosion; ignition; ignition energy; limit; pressure
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        item: #58 of 7527
          id: cet-10051
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 1.docx
        date: 2019-10-10
       words: 3476
      flesch: 50
     summary: Dampf/Luft-Gemische, Arbeitsschutz, 7, 97, 1944) presenting a systematic investigation of the incendivity of steel sparks generated by grinding. Mechanical sparks can arise due to processes involving friction, grinding or impact and can occur e.g. in case of disturbances in rotating equipment causing the rotating parts of the machinery (repeatedly) to come into contact with each other at relative high speeds.
    keywords: friction; grinding; ignition; impact; ritter; sparks; steel; surfaces
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        item: #59 of 7527
          id: cet-10052
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 1.docx
        date: 2019-10-10
       words: 3407
      flesch: 42
     summary: Figure 3: The number of thermal degradation products identified in fire effluents 142 The largest member of species were detected in the samples emitted in conditions representative small flaming vitiated fire (temperature = 650 °C, primary air flow = 2 L min-1). The type and yields of thermal degradation and combustion products depended most strongly on a temperature and oxygen concentration during experiment.
    keywords: combustion; conditions; degradation; fire; plant; products; protection; rate; tebuconazole; triadimenol
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        item: #60 of 7527
          id: cet-10053
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 1.docx
        date: 2019-10-10
       words: 3836
      flesch: 49
     summary: Whenever explosive mixtures inside a containment cannot be avoided and the equipment cannot withstand the pressures resulting from accidental ignition, explosion pressure vents can be employed to ensure safe operation. 2. Figure 2: Iterative calculation routine of modified design procedure for explosion pressure vents.
    keywords: explosion; explosion pressure; flame; mixture; pressure; vessel
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        item: #61 of 7527
          id: cet-10054
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 1.docx
        date: 2019-10-10
       words: 3331
      flesch: 53
     summary: When compressing air, this is likely to make the oxidation reaction of TFE another significant pre- reaction to TFE decomposition. left: receiving pipe, right: donor pipe separated by a high-speed ball valve The pipes including valves and instrumentation are equipped with a heating device.
    keywords: air; compression; decomposition; gas; pipe; pressure; reaction; tfe
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        item: #62 of 7527
          id: cet-10055
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 1.docx
        date: 2019-10-10
       words: 2443
      flesch: 58
     summary: Oliver Wichmann*, Volker Stellmacher Covestro Deutschland AG, 51365 Leverkusen oliver.wichmann@covestro.com Pressure surges can damage pipeline systems and result in leakages which can cause considerable harm to people and the environment. Very often, damage caused by pressure surges is not immediately visible, such as damage of a weld.
    keywords: concept; engineering; pressure; process; review; safety; surge
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        item: #63 of 7527
          id: cet-10056
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 1.docx
        date: 2019-10-10
       words: 3288
      flesch: 41
     summary: 1.1 Interest in fire safety studies There are concerns for making the bio-based side streams and chemicals environmentally safe. The results obtained contribute to an understanding on various characteristic features one must consider during the calculation of fire risk assessment such as peak heat release rate and total heat released during the entire duration of combustion, as well as mass loss rate of the compounds.
    keywords: chemicals; combustion; compounds; conditions; fire; heat; humins; materials; safety; van
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        item: #64 of 7527
          id: cet-10057
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 1.docx
        date: 2019-10-10
       words: 3601
      flesch: 43
     summary: Eventually, considering only the simplified mixing rules, the Hirasawa rule shows higher estimation quality, thus 172 suggesting the flame temperature as ruling parameter for the Su,mix determination of alkene mixtures analysed int his work. Although extensive studies on these regards were already performed for pure light hydrocarbons in air (Davis and Law, 1998), relatively few studies on fuel mixtures were carried out.
    keywords: air; data; ethylene; experimental; flame; laminar; methane; mixtures; temperature
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        item: #65 of 7527
          id: cet-10058
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 1.docx
        date: 2019-10-10
       words: 2665
      flesch: 45
     summary: For dust explosions flame instabilities are not considered to play an important role due the intrinsic turbulence being present and therefore overriding any flame instabilities. The present paper however, addresses two series of experiments where flame instabilities have been observed which affect the course of dust explosions.
    keywords: dust; explosion; flame; instabilities; instability; pressure; vessel
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        item: #66 of 7527
          id: cet-10059
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 1.docx
        date: 2019-10-10
       words: 2798
      flesch: 56
     summary: Test results (Glass Cylinder Deflagration Test, Time/Pressure Test, CPVT and Koenen Test) Sample Glass Cylinder Deflagration Test Time/Pressure Test CPVT Koenen Result GKD Pend t6.9-20.7 bar Result MPR TP Expl. However, all positively tested samples showed very violent deflagrations, rated as GKD = 3, which explains the observed high threshold value of 1000 J/g, being more than 3 times the internal limit value of 300 J/g. From the 10 negative Glass Cylinder Deflagration Tests all were false positive regarding the Q’ >
    keywords: cpvt; deflagration; glass; neg; pos; pressure; test
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        item: #67 of 7527
          id: cet-1006
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-1006
        date: 2018-01-18
       words: 4085
      flesch: 44
     summary: The adsorption rate of the biochar will change with the external conditions, and it is required to explore the external conditions for biochar adsorption rate to reach the maximum level. Figure 4: Influence of the time change on Figure 5: Influence of the change of initial solution pH value on the reed biochar adsorption rate the reed biochar adsorption rate Figure 6: Influence of the Pb2+ concentration change on reed biochar adsorption rate (2) Orthogonal test result analysis
    keywords: adsorption; area; biochar; content; pyrolysis; reed; surface; temperature
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        item: #68 of 7527
          id: cet-10060
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 1.docx
        date: 2019-10-10
       words: 2396
      flesch: 58
     summary: Table 2: Single MIT values dust MIT When two or more combustible substances with different states of aggregation are mixed, hybrid mixture explosions can occur.
    keywords: dust; gas; hybrid; ignition; mit; mixtures; temperature
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        item: #69 of 7527
          id: cet-10061
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 1.docx
        date: 2019-10-10
       words: 3577
      flesch: 47
     summary: Table 1: Particle size distribution of sample after grinding d (μm) d10 d50 d90 d3,2 Raw plants 78.3 293.2 934.8 91.6 A fraction of sample of raw plants was water-washed several times and dried in order to lower its metal content, which was determined by Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICPMS) after plant mineralization using nitric acid. A slightly lower onset temperature of 220°C was obtained by thermogravimetric experiments performed on raw plants.
    keywords: heating; hyperaccumulator; ignition; iron; metal; plants; raw; self; temperature
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        item: #70 of 7527
          id: cet-10062
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 1.docx
        date: 2019-10-10
       words: 3268
      flesch: 45
     summary: Both assumptions are easy to apply while considering those ignition sources caused by equipment: engineering design, material specification, sensors and interlocks, etc. are some measures which can be implemented to prevent that a machine generates ignition sources while in operation, but, after all the experience gathered over the years in relation with explosive hazards, it is nowadays clear, that focussing only in equipment generated ignition sources is not enough to ensure safe processes. In order to well describe the risk acceptance criteria in these operations, the exclusion principle is introduced directly at the same level of ignition source assessment, meaning that not only the way ignition sources are generated will be taken into account, but also, for those which is known that will be present, it must be ensured that when it is so, safety measures are in place to ensure that the presence of an ATEX is sufficiently excluded.
    keywords: atmosphere; equipment; ignition; zone
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        item: #71 of 7527
          id: cet-10063
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 1.docx
        date: 2019-10-21
       words: 2973
      flesch: 57
     summary: The aim of this work was to perform BLEVE tests thanks to a 14L pressure vessel designed on purpose to produce high pressure water BLEVE (85 bar). High speed camera capture of the blast waves Figure 10 represents two key data during the violent phase change: internal pressure and blast pressure (at 70 cm from the rupture disk) were reported on a synchronized time scale.
    keywords: bleve; figure; liquid; pressure; steam; temperature; water
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        item: #72 of 7527
          id: cet-10064
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 1.docx
        date: 2019-10-10
       words: 2579
      flesch: 50
     summary: Nonetheless four of tested sugar alcohols show higher average HRR and THR value. Sugar alcohols are also components of dental products and compounds of therapeutic importance (prebiotics, anti-carcinogenic and regulating the digestive system compounds) for example mannitol is being used in a treatment of diuretic for renal failure and intra-ocular hypertension (Grabitske and Slavin, 2008; EFSA, 2011).
    keywords: alcohols; compounds; parameters; smoke; sucrose; sugar; tti
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        item: #73 of 7527
          id: cet-10065
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 1.docx
        date: 2019-10-10
       words: 3507
      flesch: 42
     summary: Aside from the experimental investigations on masonry structures provided in this study, in past years experiments were conducted at the Fraunhofer Institute for High-Speed Dynamics that provide a more general view on initial debris launch velocities (DLV) based on test slabs covering a rectangular steel box, in which a HE Pentolite charge was initiated (Dörr et al., 2002). However, to date, the data basis on masonry debris throw characteristics is very limited (Swisdak et al., 2007), challenging the hazard assessment from explosion driven masonry failures.
    keywords: debris; fragment; launch; loading; masonry; throw; velocities; velocity
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        item: #74 of 7527
          id: cet-10066
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 1.docx
        date: 2019-10-10
       words: 3175
      flesch: 43
     summary: Therefore, the evaluations of the ignitability and explosion violence are essential to minimize the risk of dust explosion. Dust explosion is a phenomenon where a flame is propagating in combustible particles cloud dispersed in the air.
    keywords: aluminum; dust; explosion; ignition; nanopowders; size; temperature; tests; vignes
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        item: #75 of 7527
          id: cet-10067
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 1.docx
        date: 2019-10-10
       words: 3849
      flesch: 43
     summary: However, given the possibility of delaying, or hopefully avoiding, the catastrophic failure of the tank, attention has also been sometimes devoted to other possible protection/mitigation methods: Townsend et al. (1974) (who focused on a rail tank car) and Droste and Shoen (1988), compared the behaviour of uninsulated and thermally protected propane tanks; Shoen and Droste (1988) investigated the use of water spray systems to mitigate the effect of external fires on LPG tanks; more recently, Shebeko et al. A Study of the effect of the tank diameter on the thermal stratification in LPG tanks subjected to fire engulfment.
    keywords: fire; pressure; prv; tank; time; vessel
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        item: #76 of 7527
          id: cet-10068
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 1.docx
        date: 2019-10-10
       words: 3798
      flesch: 46
     summary: 3.3 Water to fire The influence of water on dust explosions, although often not well developed by current standards, can be important. Cesana C. and Siwek R., 2016, KSEP 7.1 Manual for 20-l-Apparatus 7.1, CESANA-AG Dahoe A.E., 2000, Dust explosions: a study of flame propagation, PhD thesis, Delft University of Technology.
    keywords: carbon; delay; dust; explosion; ignition; injection; nanopowders; nozzle; time
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        item: #77 of 7527
          id: cet-10069
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 1.docx
        date: 2019-10-10
       words: 2973
      flesch: 51
     summary: Further, improving both may result in the improvement of system availability too (Nepal and Monplaisir, 2007). Please cite this article as: Taleb-Berrouane M., Khan F., Kamil M., 2019, Dynamic RAMS Analysis Using Advanced Probabilistic Approach, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 77, 241-246 DOI:10.3303/CET1977041 241 performance metrics of the system that may include MTTF (mean time to failure), MTTR (mean time to repair), MTBF (mean time between failure), EDT (equipment down time) and system availability which provides the need of the maintenance to meet the desired objectives (Sharma and Kumar, 2008).
    keywords: analysis; component; failure; figure; model; reliability; system; time
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        item: #78 of 7527
          id: cet-1007
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-1007
        date: 2018-01-18
       words: 2964
      flesch: 52
     summary: 2.3 Fermentation The dry pieces of Aconitum root (200g) is marinated in 500 ml distilled water for 30 min, then boiled it for 1 h to obtain 200 ml liquid extracts (pH 7.4) which is poured into two flasks (each 100 ml), where 2 g glucose is added to the liquid extract, respectively. Results and discussion During the periods of fermentation, TLC is used to detect the alkaloids in the liquid extract of Aconitum root for variants.
    keywords: aconitum; cea; ceyfa; extract; hypaconitine; songorine; yeast
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        item: #79 of 7527
          id: cet-10070
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 1.docx
        date: 2019-10-10
       words: 5204
      flesch: 61
     summary: The concept of suppressing flame propagation in a long duct was proposed via injecting an inert gas into the duct at multiple locations to act as inert gas sections which segregate the flammable mixture. Clearly, the mechanism of flame propagation suppression in the open duct is completely different from those of a sealed duct.
    keywords: duct; flame; gas; ignition; inert; propagation; section; suppression; test
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        item: #80 of 7527
          id: cet-10071
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 1.docx
        date: 2019-10-10
       words: 4900
      flesch: 52
     summary: Four historical traditions of empirical and theoretical research in the pursuit of a better understanding of this challenge can as such be distinguished; safety management systems (SMS), safety culture (SC), high-reliability organisations (HRO) and accident models and investigation (AIM), each of them encompassing different purposes, covering a variety of scientific disciplines and investigating in a range of socio-technical domains, such as energy, transportation or process industry (Le Coze, 2013). Therefore, increasingly more organisations are looking for more proactive methods in measuring and achieving safety performance.
    keywords: indicators; level; measuring; objectives; organisations; performance; safety; system; unsafety
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        item: #81 of 7527
          id: cet-10072
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 1.docx
        date: 2019-10-10
       words: 3444
      flesch: 39
     summary: The pillars and improvement elements have been integrated into Braskem’s corporate management system, supported by Directives and associated training. Table 1: Improvement elements for each of the HR Pillars Leadership and Culture Fitness and Competence Design of Work Systems Leadership Reporting Culture Deference to expertise Avoiding Complacency Learning and improvement Personal Responsibility Execution Discipline Fatigue Management Training and Competence Motivations and Incentives Supervision Staffing and Workload
    keywords: braskem; equipment; improvement; reliability; risk; safety; work
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        item: #82 of 7527
          id: cet-10073
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 1.docx
        date: 2019-10-10
       words: 4033
      flesch: 43
     summary: Moreover, data-driven approaches to risk assessment are largely unexplored, but have undeniable potential to provide valid support for risk management. However, recent studies suggest that expressing the level of knowledge used for risk assessment should be an intrinsic feature of the calculated value of risk (Aven and Krohn, 2014).
    keywords: approach; assessment; data; o&g; oil; paltrinieri; risk; safety; sand; sensor; time
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        item: #83 of 7527
          id: cet-10074
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 1.docx
        date: 2019-10-10
       words: 4369
      flesch: 55
     summary: To fulfil this mission activities are performed, such as laboratory safety audits; distribution of safety information and specialized courses for the researchers; hygiene and health; incident and accident; general training of all personnel as well as specific and interactive support. The Safety Competence Center (SCC) was created in 2016 in an effort to expand and harmonize the structure and management of laboratory safety first applied at the SB faculty, to the whole of EPFL.
    keywords: audit; cosec; information; laboratory; safety; scc; tasks; time
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        item: #84 of 7527
          id: cet-10075
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 1.docx
        date: 2019-10-10
       words: 3218
      flesch: 41
     summary: Analogous to nuclear power, near-miss data can augment accident data in aviation, where accidents are exceedingly infrequent, and provide contextual information about accidents. Regarding near-miss data, data science techniques can be used to test the ability to uncover new hazards/ hazardous preconditions and the accuracy of those findings.
    keywords: accidents; analysis; data; miss; misses; near; safety; techniques
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        item: #85 of 7527
          id: cet-10076
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 1.docx
        date: 2019-10-10
       words: 4196
      flesch: 34
     summary: On the other hand, the 74.9 % of internal workers showed a clear conflict between pressure and productive behavior in terms of worker safety. For outsourced workers, safety procedures were also not well known and applied only by 39.5 %.
    keywords: accidents; fabiano; factors; management; procedures; process; results; risk; safety; training; workers
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        item: #86 of 7527
          id: cet-10077
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 1.docx
        date: 2019-10-10
       words: 3809
      flesch: 53
     summary: A publication of The Italian Association of Chemical Engineering Online at www.cetjournal.it Guest Editors: Genserik Reniers, Bruno Fabiano Copyright © 2019, AIDIC Servizi S.r.l. ISBN 978-88-95608-74-7; ISSN 2283-9216 Influencing the Human and Organisational Factors in Process Safety Risk Assessments Arthur Groot DSM Resins & Functional Materials, Sluisweg 12, Waalwijk, The Netherlands arthur.groot@dsm.com The PSRA (process safety risk assessment) is the most important element of an effective process safety management program. The PSRA (process safety risk assessment) is applied across the chemical industry and has been reinforced by requirements under legislation of the Seveso guideline in Europe.
    keywords: biases; process; psra; risk; safety; system; thinking
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        item: #87 of 7527
          id: cet-10078
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 1.docx
        date: 2019-10-10
       words: 3274
      flesch: 43
     summary: Likewise, if a company lacks process safety culture, this cannot change until the company’s attitude about safety changes. A sure way to improve SMS programs is to conduct proper training, promote a high level of operational discipline, improve process safety culture in the organization, conduct third party audits, and implement an enterprise software solution.
    keywords: audit; chemical; findings; management; osha; process; psm; safety
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        item: #88 of 7527
          id: cet-10079
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 1.docx
        date: 2019-10-10
       words: 3796
      flesch: 33
     summary: However, because few studies have been conducted that analyse organizational safety culture evolution from the dynamic perspective, and its existing researches studied organizational safety culture evolution according to the changes members' attitudes and behaviors in relation to an organization's ongoing safety effected by organizational safety culture, such as three stages of development of organizational safety culture proposed by IAEA (2002a), models of maturity of organizational safety culture developed by Fleming (2001) and Hudson (2001), as well as a safety culture maturity model for petrochemical companies in Brazil (Filho et al., 2010), no paper proposes a model for the evolution of organizational safety culture based on organizational safety culture itself, the mechanism and influence factors of the evolution of organizational safety culture remain unclear, which leads to the development and assessment of organizational safety culture lacked of realistic theoretical guide. Please cite this article as: Wang B., Wu C., 2019, The evolution of organizational safety culture: A theoretical study, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 77, 301-306 DOI:10.3303/CET1977051 301 mechanism and influence factors of organizational safety culture evolution are well addressed, a convincing and scientific path to foster a better organizational safety culture is far away to reach.
    keywords: culture; evolution; maturity; members; organization; safety; safety culture
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        item: #89 of 7527
          id: cet-1008
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-1008
        date: 2018-01-18
       words: 3048
      flesch: 43
     summary: Tea polyphenols content(mg/mL) CK 0.0118 19 0.0087 38 0.0105 1 0.0077 20 0.0136 39 0.0104 2 0.0082 21 0.0112 40 0.0100 3 0.0090 22 0.0067 41 0.0107 4 0.0089 23 0.0091 42 0.0094 5 0.0099 24 0.0093 43 0.0089 6 0.0091 25 0.0102 44 0.0087 7 0.0099 26 0.0110 45 0.0110 8 0.0096 27 0.0100 46 0.0106 9 0.0077 28 0.0089 47 0.0098 10 0.0094 29 0.0106 48 0.0100 11 0.0085 30 0.0094 49 0.0089 12 0.0098 31 0.0093 50 0.0085 13 0.0091 32 0.0104 51 0.0101 14 0.0106 33 0.0098 52 0.0091 15 0.0114 34 0.0106 53 0.0083 16 0.0098 35 0.0114 54 0.0077 17 0.0102 36 0.0112 55 0.0088 18 0.0075 37 0.0108 1257 According to the standard curve equation of polyphenols y=7.5350x+0.0123 (R2=0.9997), to calculate the content of tea polyphenols in blank group and treated by different HPEF groups in crude extraction of tea, its contents are shown in Table 2. From the table, most of crude extraction after treated by HPEF, its content of tea polyphenols in tea samples is lower than the blank group (CK). This paper deals with the extraction of tea polyphenols from tea samples by HPEF, and studies the effect of HPEF on the extraction rate and antioxidant activity of Pu’er tea polyphenols.
    keywords: frequency; hpef; model; pu’er; scavenging; tea; tea polyphenols; voltage
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        item: #90 of 7527
          id: cet-10080
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 1.docx
        date: 2019-10-10
       words: 3763
      flesch: 44
     summary: These definitions are different but clearly related, key elements appear to be that safety interventions are: - Goal oriented (e.g. towards improving safety). In addition, safety interventions may be related to other outcome measures such as workplace productivity (Robson et al., 2007) and/or
    keywords: companies; e.g.; interventions; professionals; respondents; safety; survey; work
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        item: #91 of 7527
          id: cet-10081
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 1.docx
        date: 2019-10-10
       words: 2802
      flesch: 49
     summary: Systems resilience for multihazard environments: Definition, metrics, and valuation for decision making. This paper introduced the concept of dynamic resilience modelling as a dynamic approach to quantify resilience and resilience metrics under varying conditions while handling the stochastic processes that interact with the system and can impact its performances.
    keywords: control; corrosion; engineering; model; performance; pipeline; process; resilience; system
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        item: #92 of 7527
          id: cet-10082
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 1.docx
        date: 2019-10-10
       words: 3336
      flesch: 57
     summary: Cone discharges occur over heaps of charged powder and are therefore very relevant to powder silos. 7. Conclusions From the above analyses and discussions it was concluded that for the assessed resin silos used for flour storage and filled by pneumatic conveying, internal propagating brush discharges, although not considered highly likely, could not be ruled out.
    keywords: brush; discharges; field; powder; silo; wall
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        item: #93 of 7527
          id: cet-10083
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 1.docx
        date: 2019-10-10
       words: 3274
      flesch: 38
     summary: 3.2.1 AN + CaCO3 During transport and storage, calcium carbonate is used as an inhibitor of ammonium nitrate decomposition, i.e. not only compatible but even stabilizing AN’s formulations. Please cite this article as: Menicacci E., Rotureau P., Fayet G., Adamo C., 2019, Investigation of ammonium nitrate contaminants based on computational chemistry approach, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 77, 325-330 DOI:10.3303/CET1977055 325 inerts, and promoters.
    keywords: ammonium; calcium; contaminants; decomposition; nitrate; reaction
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        item: #94 of 7527
          id: cet-10084
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 1.docx
        date: 2019-10-10
       words: 2658
      flesch: 44
     summary: Phase change mechanisms are enhanced with oxyfuel and pre-combustion currents where boiling mechanisms lead to an early depletion of phase change mechanisms in the pipeline bulk (Fig. 2). Pressurized CO2 releases in the framework of carbon sequestration and enhanced oil recovery safety analysis: Experiments and model.
    keywords: co2; evolution; impurities; insulation; phase; pipeline; release; temperature
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        item: #95 of 7527
          id: cet-10085
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 1.docx
        date: 2019-10-10
       words: 3500
      flesch: 38
     summary: Organic peroxides are defined by their molecular structure, as organic substances (liquid or solid) that contain O-O bonds in their structure (as shown in Figure 1). It is a compilation of organic peroxide classification data and is published multi-annual.
    keywords: data; decomposition; models; new; peroxides; properties; self; substances
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        item: #96 of 7527
          id: cet-10086
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 1.docx
        date: 2019-10-10
       words: 2340
      flesch: 56
     summary: Loss of mass due to escaping gas and/or vapour reduces the heat capacity of the content of the vessel and thus leads to higher adiabatic temperature increase and acceleration of the adiabatic reaction. Identification of higher temperature increase and especially of further dangerous effects is difficult.
    keywords: gas; heat; reaction; temperature
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        item: #97 of 7527
          id: cet-10087
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 1.docx
        date: 2019-10-10
       words: 3145
      flesch: 38
     summary: How can we improve process hazard identification? If the region of multiplicity was reached during process simulation, Aspen HYSYS solver was unable to find solution if the reaction was switched on.
    keywords: hazard; hazop; identification; process; simulation; study
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        item: #98 of 7527
          id: cet-10088
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 1.docx
        date: 2019-10-10
       words: 3702
      flesch: 41
     summary: The literature review and simulations indicate that there exist so called simple models and algorithms cannot adequately consider H2S specific properties in natural gas dispersion. Natural gas dispersion is less sensitive to the humidity and ambient temperature changes.
    keywords: aloha; ch4; conditions; dispersion; gas; h2s; modelling; pipeline; release; results
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        item: #99 of 7527
          id: cet-10089
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 1.docx
        date: 2019-10-10
       words: 3155
      flesch: 51
     summary: Figure 2: PSV-2 configurations The influence of PSV-2 characteristics is studied through the simulation of a temperature deviation at the reboiler of C-1 with various process safety valves configurations. Pressure safety valves The technical specifications of the pressure safety valves determine the vent flowrate when an overpressure is generated in a distillation column.
    keywords: c-2; column; deviation; opening; process; safety; valve; vent
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        item: #100 of 7527
          id: cet-1009
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-1009
        date: 2018-01-18
       words: 2486
      flesch: 30
     summary: Canonica G., Baiardini I., Canonica G., 2010, Early phase resolution of mucosal eosinophilic inflammation in allergic rhinitis, Respiratory Research, 11(1), 54, DOI: 10.1186/1465-9921-11-54 Ciprandi G., 2008, Allergic rhinitis and its impact on asthma, Italian Journal of Allergy & Clinical Immunology, 18(1), 1-8, DOI: 10.1201/b14160-27 Gelfand E. W., 2004, Inflammatory mediators in allergic rhinitis, Journal of Allergy & Clinical Immunology, 114(5), S135, DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2004.08.043 Hansen I., Klimek L., Mösges R., Hörmann K., 2004, Mediators of inflammation in the early and the late phase of allergic rhinitis, Current Opinion in Allergy & Clinical Immunology, 4(3), 159, DOI: 10.1097/00130832- 200406000-00004 Liu W., Li D., Chen Y., Sun C., Wang J., Zhou L., 2014, Anti-inflammatory effect of il-37b in children with allergic rhinitis, Mediators of Inflammation, 2014(7), 746846, DOI: 10.1155/2014/746846 Mandhane S. N., Shah J. H., Thennati R., 2011, Allergic rhinitis: an update on disease, present treatments and future prospects, International Immunopharmacology, 11(11), 1646-1662, DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2011.07.005 Marple B. F., 2008, Targeting congestion in allergic rhinitis: the importance of intranasal corticosteroids, Allergy & Asthma Proceedings, 29(3), 232, DOI: 10.2500/aap.2008.29.3110 Miyahara S., Miyahara N., Matsubara S., Takeda K., Koya T., Gelfand E. W., 2006, Il-13 is essential to the late-phase response in allergic rhinitis, Journal of Allergy & Clinical Immunology, 118(5), 1110-1116, DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2006.06.014 Nabe T., Mizutani N., Shimizu K., Takenaka H., Kohno S., 2014, Development of pollen-induced allergic rhinitis with early and late phase nasal blockage in guinea pigs, Inflammation Research, 47(9), 369-374, DOI: 10.1007/s000110050346 Naclerio R. M., 2010, Pathophysiology of perennial allergic rhinitis, Allergy, 52(s36), 7-13, DOI: 10.1111/j.1398-9995.1997.tb04816.x Ofworkshops M., 2004, Aria in the pharmacy: management of allergic rhinitis symptoms in the pharmacy, allergic rhinitis and its impact on asthma, Allergy, 59(4), 373. References Aziza A., Dermawan A., Dewi V. Y. K., 2017, Effectiveness of allergic rhinitis management related to who guideline on allergic rhinitis and its impact on asthma (aria), 3(4), 538-544, DOI: 10.15850/amj.v3n4.651 1265 Brozmanová M., Calkovský V., Plevková J., Bartos V., Plank L., Tatár M., 2006, Early and late allergic phase related cough response in sensitized guinea pigs with experimental allergic rhinitis, Physiological Research, 55(5), 577.
    keywords: biminkang; control; effect; figure; group; rats; rhinitis
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        item: #101 of 7527
          id: cet-10090
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 1.docx
        date: 2019-10-10
       words: 3601
      flesch: 47
     summary: Moreover, such reactors involve a low fraction of EO in the gas phase to reduce flammability and decomposition problems. One of such reactors is the Venturi Loop Reactor (VLR) which adopts a liquid ejector to mix the reacting liquid while introducing EO by Venturi effect (Di Serio et al., 2005).
    keywords: chemical; fire; flux; heat; jet; model; process; reactor
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        item: #102 of 7527
          id: cet-10091
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 1.docx
        date: 2019-10-10
       words: 3282
      flesch: 51
     summary: In the present work, the above mentioned CFD modelling approach was extended to pressure tanks containing liquid n-butane, thus addressing the effect of LPG composition on the pressure build-up, pointing out differences and similarities in the thermo-fluid dynamic behaviour of propane and butane, and highlighting crucial aspects from the safety point of view. This is due to the fact that the pressurization of butane tanks is slowed down by the lower substance volatility, resulting in a more prolonged fire exposure before the PRV opening, hence in a high energy accumulation in the tank leading and a marked increment in wall temperature.
    keywords: butane; cases; filling; fire; pressure; propane; tank; temperature
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        item: #103 of 7527
          id: cet-10092
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 1.docx
        date: 2019-10-10
       words: 4003
      flesch: 49
     summary: Please cite this article as: Baldissone G., Demichela M., Fissore D., 2019, The choice among competing technologies in process plants. 4. Conclusion When choosing among competing technologies available in process plants to address a given production target, the operational constraints and the investment costs are certainly the first screening tools.
    keywords: bed; case; energy; flow; heat; model; plant; reactor; reverse
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        item: #104 of 7527
          id: cet-10093
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 1.docx
        date: 2019-10-10
       words: 4195
      flesch: 50
     summary: Case studies to minimise hindsight bias 2.1 How the case studies were developed The IChemE Safety Centre (ISC) set about developing some case studies to try and minimize the impact of hindsight bias on the audience, in an effort to create better learning from incidents. 3.1 Examples of specific adaptations of case studies for an academic environment Risk evaluation and decision making One of the learning outcomes of the second year Design and Professional Skills II course is to gain an understanding of issues important to engineering designers including decision-making.
    keywords: case; case studies; decision; isc; safety; students; studies; study
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        item: #105 of 7527
          id: cet-10094
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 1.docx
        date: 2019-10-10
       words: 4235
      flesch: 50
     summary: But despite the improvements in designs and the quality of the FSAs, an important problem persisted – namely the quality of risk control implementation at the operational level. Reporting on the “health” of the critical controls provides a much more direct measure of risk control.
    keywords: approach; cca; control; hazard; implementation; management; process; risk; safety
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        item: #106 of 7527
          id: cet-10095
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 1.docx
        date: 2019-10-10
       words: 3314
      flesch: 46
     summary: When developing these learning outcomes, it was decided to lay out the expectations across four categories: A. Process safety overview B. Process safety in design C. Guidelines for process safety risk assessment and D. Process safety in practice. The participants assess the learning outcomes regardless of whether process safety is delivered as single subject or integrated in other courses.
    keywords: chemical; course; design; engineering; learning; process; safety
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        item: #107 of 7527
          id: cet-10096
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 1.docx
        date: 2019-10-10
       words: 3694
      flesch: 43
     summary: The purpose of the analyses is to improve understanding of accident causes and of ways to improve detection of major accident precursors. The following types of interactions between accident causes can occur: • Linear causation.
    keywords: accident; barrier; containment; control; failures; lod; model; safety; storybuilder
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        item: #108 of 7527
          id: cet-10097
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 1.docx
        date: 2019-10-10
       words: 3168
      flesch: 35
     summary: 1. Introduction Formal education of engineering students in the fundamentals of process safety is critical to the continued success of the process industries. Define industry standard terms such as process safety, occupational safety, hazard, risk, inherent safety, and hierarchy of controls Remember Knowledge base for engineering 2.
    keywords: chemical; course; education; engineering; graduate; incident; learning; process; safety
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        item: #109 of 7527
          id: cet-10098
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 1.docx
        date: 2019-10-10
       words: 3519
      flesch: 43
     summary: The Dutch Ministry for Social Affairs and Employment wants to adapt ageing aspects in its occupational safety policy for companies in general, not only for Seveso companies. RIVM has joined this working group to provide knowledge of ageing and to gain insight of how Seveso companies deal with ageing aspects within their safety domain.
    keywords: ageing; chemical; dutch; incidents; installations; knowledge; safety; seveso
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        item: #110 of 7527
          id: cet-10099
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 1.docx
        date: 2019-10-10
       words: 3774
      flesch: 44
     summary: The analysis of the real cases represents a valuable support to improve training, risk analysis, safety document management. Plugging the gap between safety documents and workers perception, to prevent accidents at Seveso establishments Chemical Engineering Transactions, 26, 291- 296.
    keywords: barriers; documents; emergency; event; failure; leakage; misses; procedure; release; safety
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        item: #111 of 7527
          id: cet-101
      author: TW
       title: cet-101
        date: 2017-10-04
       words: 3586
      flesch: 52
     summary: Hunt K.J., Sbarbaro D., Zbikowski R., Gawthrop P.J., 1992, Neural networks for control system - A survey, Automatica, 28, 1083–1112. The first step in neural network predictive control is training the network.
    keywords: control; exchanger; heat; model; mpc; network; neural; time
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        item: #112 of 7527
          id: cet-1010
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-1010
        date: 2018-01-22
       words: 3030
      flesch: 56
     summary: The development of cabbage harvester is mature aboard while related research and applications in China are still in its early stage. Europe, the United States, and Japan are the countries where research on cabbage harvester have been developed at the highest level.
    keywords: cabbage; harvester; poles; pulling; root; screw; screw poles; test
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        item: #113 of 7527
          id: cet-10100
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 1.docx
        date: 2019-10-10
       words: 4092
      flesch: 49
     summary: They also provide support for Reactive Chemicals incidents through the Reactive Chemicals Immediate Response work process (Frurip et. al. 2009). Reactive Chemicals experts suspected that the crystals were peroxides.
    keywords: chemicals; chemicals program; dow; facility; incidents; learnings; process; program; review
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        item: #114 of 7527
          id: cet-10101
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 1.docx
        date: 2019-10-10
       words: 3878
      flesch: 27
     summary: A key factor for achieving high performance in process safety, Education for Chemical Engineers, 15, 23-32 Brenig, H., Haputmanns U., Klais O., Schmidt J., Moritz H., Schönbucher A., 2013, Recommendation for education in a Bologna Three-Cycle Degree System, Model Curriculum: Process and Plant Safety, DECHEMA, ISBN 978-3-89746-141-3 Center for Chemical Process Safety (CCPS), 2010, Guidelines for Risk Based Process Safety, John Wiley & Sons, Chapter 5, 89-122 Dee S., Cox B., Ogle R., 2015, Process safety in the classroom: The current state of chemical engineering programs at US universities, Process Safety Progress, 34, 316-319 Degreve J., Berghmans J., 2012, Master of science in safety engineering at KU Leuven, Belgium, Procedia Engineering, 45, 276 – 280 Goerlandt, F., N. Khakzad and G. Reniers, 2016, Validity and validation of safety-related quantitative risk analysis: A review, Safety Science, 127-139 Kaplan, S. and B. J. Garrick, 1981, On The Quantitative Definition of Risk, Risk Analysis, 1, 11-27 Kennedy P., Duffy N., Horgan S., Lynch M., 2015, Chemical Process Safety Education: Joint Industry- Academic venture, HAZARDS 25, 1-8 Mannan S., Akgerman A., Anthony R., Darby R,, Eubank P., Hall K., 1999, Integrating process safety into ChE education and research, Chemical Engineering Education, 33, 198-209 Mkpat E., Reniers G., Cozzani V., 2018, Process safety education: A literature review, Journal of Loss Prevention in the Process Industries, 54, 18-27 Noakes N., Chow C., Ko E., McKay G., 2011, Safety education for chemical engineering students in Hong Kong: Development of HAZOP Study teaching module, Education for Chemical Engineers, 6, e31-e55 Olewski T., Snakard M., 2017, Challenges in applying process safety management at university laboratories, Journal of Loss Prevention in the Process Industries, 49, 209-214 Pitblado R., M. Bardy, P. Nalpanis, P. Crossthwaite, K. Molazemi, M. Bekaert, V. Raghunathan, 2012, International comparison on the application of societal risk criteria, Process Safety Progress 31(4): 363- 368 Rae A., Alexander R., 2012, The Science and Superstition of Quantitative Risk Assessment, Proceedings of PSAM 11 & ESREL 2012, International Association of Probabilistic Safety Assessment and Management, IAPSAM. Complexity and uncertainty in process safety education The starting point of this discussion is the fact that process safety is not part of all chemical engineering curricula across the globe.
    keywords: chemical; complexity; education; engineering; management; process; process safety; risk; safety; uncertainty; use
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        item: #115 of 7527
          id: cet-10102
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 1.docx
        date: 2019-10-10
       words: 4211
      flesch: 50
     summary: In this presentation, I will cover these critical features of MoC systems and some of the common pitfalls. Changing one valve for another, as an example, is a change I have seen made without an MoC. Similarly, in one extreme example, the change of one pump type for a different type was not deemed sufficiently worthy of an MoC. Finally, often we see upgrades to materials, particularly process piping to eliminate potential corrosion exposures, but these are still hardware changes that should be subject to MoC. Many large losses over the years have been caused by the failure of MoC systems, most notably the incident at Flixborough in 1974.
    keywords: changes; control; management; moc; procedures; process; review; safety; system
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        item: #116 of 7527
          id: cet-10103
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 1.docx
        date: 2019-10-10
       words: 2375
      flesch: 34
     summary: • Building reinforcement measures Solutions are proposed to increase the resistance of buildings, for example, insulation of walls and / or roof for thermal effects, films on glass surfaces, reinforcement of different parts of the envelope (walls, roof), of the supporting structure of building, reinforcement of metal structures… Figure 3: List of possible measures for the protection of people in activities near the SEVESO sites The selection of the most appropriate measure(s) is based on the dynamics of the dangerous phenomena (see step 3). The following Table 2 relates the effects and dynamics of dangerous phenomena to possible measures:
    keywords: activity; area; effects; measures; people; protection
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        item: #117 of 7527
          id: cet-10104
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 1.docx
        date: 2019-10-10
       words: 2670
      flesch: 39
     summary: Like a DSC test, the Calvet calorimeter used in the scanning mode gives information on reaction temperature and enthalpy. The variations of power required to maintain the temperature of the reaction mass are recorded, which makes it possible to acquire thermal data (reaction temperature, heat of reaction, diagrams of the heat flows as a function of time), kinetics (reaction rate versus reactant concentrations, maximum heat production rates), and information on reaction mass (reaction mass specific heat, solubility data, phase equilibrium, transfer coefficients).
    keywords: chemical; conditions; heat; processes; reaction; runaway; temperature
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        item: #118 of 7527
          id: cet-10105
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 1.docx
        date: 2019-10-10
       words: 2620
      flesch: 46
     summary: Regarding safety measures, two methods, inherently safety measures and safety measures by controlling hazard were considered. It is important to implement safety measures with considering process comprehensively, because available measures are limited by characteristics of processes or substances.
    keywords: measures; phase; reaction; reactor; safety; vent
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        item: #119 of 7527
          id: cet-10106
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 1.docx
        date: 2019-10-10
       words: 4073
      flesch: 44
     summary: Tillander, K., 2004, Utilisation of statistics to assess fire risks in buildings, V. Publications, VTT: Espoo. For the past decades, engineering disciplines have supported risk management decision-making through the implementation of risk assessments using quantitative approaches.
    keywords: building; damage; fire; performance; potential; risk; safety; system; variables
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        item: #120 of 7527
          id: cet-10107
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 1.docx
        date: 2019-10-10
       words: 3842
      flesch: 49
     summary: Most of SMEs (small and medium enterprises) of chemical process industries have minimum awareness of process risks and have less recognition of the needs for conducting risk assessment, where they believe that the use of small quantities of handling chemical substances does not lead to dangerous conditions and they will have little chance to experience severe process hazards. A publication of The Italian Association of Chemical Engineering Online at www.cetjournal.it Guest Editors: Genserik Reniers, Bruno Fabiano Copyright © 2019, AIDIC Servizi S.r.l. ISBN 978-88-95608-74-7; ISSN 2283-9216 Risk Assessment for Process Accident Prevention Using Screening Questionnaire Yukiyasu Shimadaa,*, Yoshihiko Satoa, Haruhiko Itagakia, Tetsuo Fuchinob a National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health, Japan, 1-4-6, Umezono, Kiyose, Tokyo Japan b Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1, Oookayama, Meguro, Japan shimada@s.jniosh.johas.go.jp Risk assessment methods are based on the development of hazard scenarios, which requires identification of latent hazards in process industry, including chemical substance/process, equipment and operation, as well as events that can lead to process hazards.
    keywords: accident; assessment; chemical; hazard; measures; plant; process; reduction; risk; substances
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        item: #121 of 7527
          id: cet-10108
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 1.docx
        date: 2019-10-10
       words: 3262
      flesch: 57
     summary: The power plants must be able to operate with a high variety of coal qualities, with different particle size distribution, moisture content and ash content. Different sieved fractions are researched in order to investigate the influence of particle size distribution on the ignition sensitivity and explosion severity of the coal.
    keywords: fraction; mie; particle; particle size; size
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        item: #122 of 7527
          id: cet-10109
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 1.docx
        date: 2019-10-10
       words: 3027
      flesch: 51
     summary: In the process industries, human factors is concerned with human behaviour and performance, particularly in relation to reducing the risk of incidents and accidents. Applying human factors requires consideration of the depth of the different topic areas, whilst recognising the breadth of coverage and the need to approach the subject from a holistic perspective.
    keywords: elements; factors; hfm; maturity; safety
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        item: #123 of 7527
          id: cet-1011
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-1011
        date: 2018-01-18
       words: 4244
      flesch: 40
     summary: The design considerations mainly include secondary air setting, two-stage gasification technology and so on. 1274 Due to low ash content and sulphur content, high volatile content and high fixed carbon responsiveness, biomass’s synergistic effect with coal gasification can increase the value of products. Compared the single product of coal gasification, and the mixture of rice straw and coal gasification, the results showed that the mixture in the gasification of carbon conversion, and the gas volume fraction of combustible components were higher than those of single coal gasification, the volume fraction of CO in the gas under the volume fraction of single coal gasification CO.
    keywords: biomass; carbon; coal; coke; gasification; gasification reaction; pressure; rate; reaction; reaction rate
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        item: #124 of 7527
          id: cet-10110
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 1.docx
        date: 2019-10-10
       words: 4282
      flesch: 51
     summary: Thus, it is possible to suppose that the more the employees are trained and prepared for emergency response in the work environment, the more effective this spontaneous response will be. In addition, all employees, even the ones that are not part of the fire brigade, should receive basic training on emergency response, including the command and control model adopted by the company, to allow a fast and effective integration with the emergency response team.
    keywords: apud; behaviour; emergencies; emergency; evacuation; fire; flight; panic; people; response; usa
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        item: #125 of 7527
          id: cet-10111
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 1.docx
        date: 2019-10-10
       words: 3102
      flesch: 47
     summary: Here a large group of industrial stakeholders has set up a cooperative platform that has signed an agreement with the safety region ‘Midden-West-Brabant’. • Business continuity of industrial processes • Private companies will make clear capacity agreements with regional authorities.
    keywords: fire; industrial; issues; netherlands; ppp; public; stakeholders
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        item: #126 of 7527
          id: cet-10112
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 1.docx
        date: 2019-10-10
       words: 3073
      flesch: 63
     summary: Both the individual answers were the most influent to KYT final examination than the group discussion answer or the neither individual nor group discussion answer. Both the individual answers were the most influent to KYT final examination than the group discussion answer or the neither individual nor group discussion answer.
    keywords: ans; answer; case; group; kmitl
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        item: #127 of 7527
          id: cet-10113
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 1.docx
        date: 2019-10-10
       words: 3136
      flesch: 46
     summary: This paper proposes the simplified method to define the extent of cryogenic spill hazard area supported by the experimental test and simulation. In the simplified method, the credible leak hole size to define the extent of brittle fracture hazard area is pre-defined per divided process section described in section 3.4 because, as a common practice, the number of flanges on the cryogenic liquid line are minimized as much as possible in the LNG liquefaction facility to minimize the probability of cryogenic leak hazard.
    keywords: area; extent; hazard; hazard area; hole; leak
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        item: #128 of 7527
          id: cet-10114
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 1.docx
        date: 2019-10-10
       words: 3731
      flesch: 43
     summary: The new and innovative safety approach includes a redesign of reactor internals with new distributor-trays based on extensive research, the installation of over 20 temperature sensors per reactor-bed, a new safeguarding concept with low-rate emergency depressurization and measures to ease safe maintenance and construction. Please cite this article as: Wagner-Gillen P., 2019, How Reactive Hazard Assessment and new reactor internals improve safety at the Shell Rhineland Refinery, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 77, 511-516 DOI:10.3303/CET1977086 511 Oriented Hazard Analysis (ROGA) (Bock F-J, Haferkamp K, 2015) or Process Hazard Analyses (PHA).
    keywords: bed; catalyst; chemical; hazard; process; reaction; reactor; refinery; risk; shell; temperature
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        item: #129 of 7527
          id: cet-10115
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 1.docx
        date: 2019-10-10
       words: 2789
      flesch: 39
     summary: Subsequently, an explosion barrier model is developed, to provide data for a representative explosion scenario, which is finally used for explosion risk assessment by the ExLOPA methodology. The explosion scenario model structure - what Expert System should consider The explosion event is a key element in explosion risk assessment.
    keywords: event; exlopa; explosion; ree; risk; safety; scenario
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        item: #130 of 7527
          id: cet-10116
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 1.docx
        date: 2019-10-10
       words: 3311
      flesch: 41
     summary: The study shows an example of both risk informed decision-making concerning protection systems and development of new criteria for the assessment of safety barrier failure in case of natural hazards. Case histories & lessons learned From the analysis of past accidents (a selection of events of particular relevance is presented in Table 2) some key lessons on safety barrier failure in case of natural hazards can be inferred.
    keywords: assessment; barriers; failure; natech; power; risk; safety; system; water
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        item: #131 of 7527
          id: cet-10117
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 1.docx
        date: 2019-10-10
       words: 3209
      flesch: 44
     summary: Hazardous wastes usually perform a relatively small part from a total amount of dangerous substances used and stored in certain industrial activities classified under the SEVESO III Directive (European Commission, 2013). For case study was selected hazardous wastes which are imported frequently and occur in the largest amount in the area of hazardous waste incineration.
    keywords: accident; environment; hazard; impact; liquid; risk; waste
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        item: #132 of 7527
          id: cet-10118
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 1.docx
        date: 2019-10-10
       words: 3460
      flesch: 44
     summary: Safety key performance indicators based on the concept of inherent safety were defined, providing a simplified tool to support safety assessment and emergency response in cryogenic storage facilities. Table 1 reports a summary of considered indicators, together with their definition.
    keywords: escalation; ethylene; hazard; lng; loading; pipeline; process; safety; storage
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        item: #133 of 7527
          id: cet-10119
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 1.docx
        date: 2019-10-10
       words: 2718
      flesch: 41
     summary: The Tier 3–4 indicators show potentially misdirected instructions to engineers related to design process safety. Using the design PS KPI structure and proposed evaluation model by a Markov model, some key measures are evaluated to further improve design phase process safety management performance.
    keywords: design; management; model; performance; phase; process; safety; system
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        item: #134 of 7527
          id: cet-1012
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-1012
        date: 2018-01-18
       words: 2654
      flesch: 48
     summary: At the same time, three kinds of meat identification models were established by BP neural network modeling method. Conventional polymerase chain reaction and other detection methods were costly and complicated.
    keywords: detection; method; model; neural; pls; set
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        item: #135 of 7527
          id: cet-10120
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 1.docx
        date: 2019-10-10
       words: 3530
      flesch: 48
     summary: The methodology was extensively presented in two previous CET papers (Pilone et al., 2017) and (Pilone et al., 2018), and in (Pilone & Demichela, 2018) therefore this paper provides only a quick overview of the proposed method and then focuses on a sensitivity analysis of the outputs (risk interaction values). On the contrary, a super-estimation of the risk and risk interactions values can at best produce conservative actions, enhancing the knowledge of the territory and the possible threats.
    keywords: flood; industrial; interaction; pm se; risk
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        item: #136 of 7527
          id: cet-10121
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 1.docx
        date: 2019-10-10
       words: 3326
      flesch: 46
     summary: References Hauptmanns, Ulrich, 2013, Prozess- und Anlagensicherheit, Springer-Verlag, Berlin Heidelberg. Oberhem, Heribert, 2007, Geprüft und für gut befunden, CHEMIE TECHNIK, November 2007, 12-14 IEC 60079-17 Ed. 5.0, 2013, EXPLOSIVE ATMOSPHERES – Part 17: Electrical installations inspections and maintenance IEC 61511-1, 2016, Functional safety – Safety instrumented systems for the process industry sector – Part 1: Framework, definitions, system, hardware and application programming requirements NAMUR NA 106, 2018, Flexible proof testing of field devices in safety systems, NAMUR Interessengemeinschaft Automatisierungstechnik in der Prozessindustrie e.V. European Parliamant, 2012, Directive 2012/18/EU of the European Parliament and of The Council of 4 July 2012 on the control of major-accident hazards involving dangerous substances, amending and subsequently repealing Council Diretive 96/82/EC, <https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal- content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32012L0018&from=DE> accessed 03.09.2018 Standardization Evaluation Documentation Inspection Effort Data Synchronization Standardization Evaluation Documentation Inspection Effort Data Synchronization Software Solution Effort Paperless Life Cycle Today 558 A publication of The Italian Association of Chemical Engineering Online at www.cetjournal.it Guest Editors: Genserik Reniers, Bruno Fabiano Copyright © 2019, AIDIC Servizi S.r.l. ISBN 978-88-95608-74-7; ISSN 2283-9216 Paperless Safety Lifecycle Stefan Hack*, Matthias Lange R. STAHL Schaltgeräte GmbH, Am Bahnhof 30, 74638 Waldenburg Stefan.Hack@Stahl.de To ensure the functionality of safety systems in plants, maintenance is required.
    keywords: data; effort; equipment; inspection; plant; safety; systems; test
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        item: #137 of 7527
          id: cet-10122
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 1.docx
        date: 2019-10-10
       words: 3479
      flesch: 51
     summary: This can be achieved on the basis of the fact that the maximum of reaction mixture temperature, Tmax, should be lower than MAT. Once the values ofε, RH, ∆τad,0 had been determined, thermal runaway operating conditions can be avoided as long as Wt is higher than the corresponding Wtmin 3.1 Effect of reaction order It should be kept in mind that the values of Wtcri in Table 1 are developed on the basis of second-order kinetics assumption.
    keywords: conditions; liquid; operating; reaction; sbrs; temperature; value
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        item: #138 of 7527
          id: cet-10123
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 1.docx
        date: 2019-10-10
       words: 2915
      flesch: 31
     summary: The result of the investigation showed about 18 kinds of safety activities are extracted from the articles. 3.1 Research Method To clarify the factors that comprise or influence Safety Management in Japan, a qualitative study is used to analyze safety activity.
    keywords: activities; activity; chemical; elements; incident; management; process; safety; system
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        item: #139 of 7527
          id: cet-10124
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 1.docx
        date: 2019-10-10
       words: 3805
      flesch: 51
     summary: Lack of failure data leads to uncertainty in risk and reliability quantifications making risk assessment decisions weak. One possible way is to collect failure data from other process such as oil and gas or power plants using Oreda (2009).
    keywords: bayesian; data; distribution; failure; rate; reliability; uncertainty; valve
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        item: #140 of 7527
          id: cet-10125
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 1.docx
        date: 2019-10-10
       words: 3715
      flesch: 55
     summary: The difference in LNG storage conditions that may occur at fuelling stations leads to a somewhat ambiguous situation as to whether it is needed to provide containment for LNG spills or not. For other aboveground or mounded LNG tanks, a bund is needed.
    keywords: barg; bund; lng; rain; release; storage
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        item: #141 of 7527
          id: cet-10126
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 1.docx
        date: 2019-10-10
       words: 2535
      flesch: 50
     summary: A publication of The Italian Association of Chemical Engineering Online at www.cetjournal.it Guest Editors: Genserik Reniers, Bruno Fabiano Copyright © 2019, AIDIC Servizi S.r.l. ISBN 978-88-95608-74-7; ISSN 2283-9216 Domino Effect Analysis in Industrial Sites Louise Sandoval*, Agnès Vallée, Benjamin Le-Roux, Gaëtan Prod’Homme, Franck Prats Institut National de l’Environnement Industriel et des Risques (INERIS), Direction des Risques Accidentels, B.P.2, Parc ALATA, 60550 Verneuil-en-Halatte louise.sandoval@ineris.fr Among all industrial accidents, those involving domino effects, that means the complex escalation and propagation of an accident in chemical and process industries, are amongst the most damaging. This article introduces an approach developed by INERIS to better understand domino effects and help writers to integrate domino effects in hazard studies or in specific domino effect studies.
    keywords: approach; damage; domino; effect; equipment; fire; mbar; step
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        item: #142 of 7527
          id: cet-10127
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 1.docx
        date: 2019-10-10
       words: 2229
      flesch: 38
     summary: Meanwhile, regarding fire and toxic gas dispersion, it is possible to implement emergency evacuation, firefighting activities and toxic substance abatement activities, by estimating the influence on the surroundings and deciding the evacuation range and taking action. The reasonable reduction of number of detectors is possible in the direction having wind fluctuation such as Figure 5. 591 Prediction of leak rate On carrying out emergency dispersion calculation, it is important to estimate appropriately how much the leakage rate is, but it is difficult to measure it at the leak site.
    keywords: dispersion; emergency; evacuation; gas; leakage; plant
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        item: #143 of 7527
          id: cet-10128
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 1.docx
        date: 2019-10-10
       words: 2313
      flesch: 49
     summary: Pressure effects The release of the pressure contained in an enclosure during its pneumatic rupture results in the external propagation of an atmospheric pressure wave. 599 Estimation of potential consequences of pressure effects A pressure wave is likely to induce bending or shear forces in the structures and compression in the human body.
    keywords: bursting; effects; micro; pressure; reactor; test
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        item: #144 of 7527
          id: cet-10129
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 1.docx
        date: 2019-10-10
       words: 3610
      flesch: 48
     summary: Moreover, further refinement - including the dependency on the initial temperature of this parameter - should be beneficial for accurate prediction of the flammability limits, especially for hydrogen enriched mixtures. Indeed, methane CAFTLFL was found almost constant at 1460 K, whereas hydrogen enriched mixtures CAFTLFL variates up to 84 K.
    keywords: air; effect; flammability; hydrogen; limits; methane; mixtures; temperature; ufl
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        item: #145 of 7527
          id: cet-1013
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-1013
        date: 2018-01-18
       words: 2661
      flesch: 34
     summary: Compared with the diffusion of digoxin solution through the dialysis bag membrane, the release of digoxin solid lipid nanoparticles is significantly slowed down, indicating that solid lipid nanoparticles have a sustained release effect on digoxin, and its 72-hour cumulative release is 48.67%. In order to prove the role of solid lipid nanoparticles in oral absorption and bioavailability, the biodegradable monoglyceride with low toxicity and good biocompatibility is used as lipid materials to prepare nanoparticles of digoxin solid lipid and carry out research on polyethylene glycol aimed at the low utilization of digoxin in this research, in order to provide experimental basis for the development of new preparation system of digoxin.
    keywords: complex; digoxin; lecithin; lipid; method; nanoparticles; release
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        item: #146 of 7527
          id: cet-10130
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 1.docx
        date: 2019-10-10
       words: 3492
      flesch: 57
     summary: The FEED phase for example stablishes the following points where IS principals can be applied: the critical operating parameters and safe operating envelope of temperature and pressure; selection of construction materials; unit layout. High number of hazardous equipment (i.e. equipment dealing with flammable/combustible substances in high temperature and/or pressure) situated in a small space, making the location excessively crowded, creating hot atmosphere and thus making the maintenance routines dangerous.
    keywords: area; equipment; hazard; heat; layout; process; safety; unit
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        item: #147 of 7527
          id: cet-10131
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 1.docx
        date: 2019-10-10
       words: 3606
      flesch: 44
     summary: References DOT Department of Transportation, 2010, Building safe communities: pipeline risk and its application to local development decisions, Office of Pipeline Safety, U.S.A. EGIG, European Gas Pipeline Incident Data Group, 2014, Gas pipeline incidents: 9th report of the European Gas Pipeline Incident Data Group. According to US DOT (2010) the immediate causes of NG pipeline failures are connected to corrosion (28%), construction material failure (23%), followed by excavation damages with a percentage of 20%.
    keywords: cases; eta; event; fire; gas; ignition; pipeline; probability; release; risk
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        item: #148 of 7527
          id: cet-10132
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 1.docx
        date: 2019-10-10
       words: 3516
      flesch: 30
     summary: Operational risks arise from a complicated set of interrelated parameters and are viewed and managed in differing ways depending on the role and level in the organization. Operational risks can arise from critical equipment conditions - or non-conformances - and also from planned activities on the facility.
    keywords: activity; equipment; impact; management; process; risk; safety; time
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        item: #149 of 7527
          id: cet-10133
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 1.docx
        date: 2019-10-10
       words: 1900
      flesch: 36
     summary: Their duty includes keeping the plant online, physical security of the site and engineering station, process hazards (including any demands on the process, proof testing, device failures), and cyber hazards (cyber alarms, active and passive diagnostics). Figure 1: Functional Safety Lifecycle as defined by IEC 61511 Figure 2: Cybersecurity Lifecycle as defined by IEC 62443 Both safety and cyber lifecycles include implementation of safeguards or countermeasures against a hazard scenario.
    keywords: alarm; cyber; lifecycles; process; risk; safety
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        item: #150 of 7527
          id: cet-10134
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 1.docx
        date: 2019-10-10
       words: 1626
      flesch: 50
     summary: The respective onset temperatures of the measurement in the gold-plated crucible is about 85 °C lower than in DLC coated crucible. Since DSC measurements are performed with sample materials in amounts of milligrams, the legitimate question is always, whether the measured data is representative for the large-scale unit operation or not (scale-up problem).
    keywords: crucible; dsc; figure; gold; measurements; sample
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        item: #151 of 7527
          id: cet-10135
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 1.docx
        date: 2019-10-10
       words: 5264
      flesch: 59
     summary: It is not a large step to infer that there is a high probability that this universal value does not exist, even though governments still attach values to statistical lives (HSE, 2001; Deltares, 2011; RVGZ, 2006). Journal of Health Economics 31,197– 206 Economist, 2018, <www.economist.com/news/2018/07/11/the-big-mac-index> accessed 18-07-2018 EU, 1982, European Union Directives 82/501/EEG (Pb EG 1982, L 230) and 87/216/EEG (Pb EG 1987, L85) (“Seveso directive”) EUR, 1995, Externe, Externalities of Energy, vol2, Methodology, European Commission EUR 16521 EN HeLsloot I., 2012, Veiligheid als (bij)product, Oratie Radboud Universiteit Nijmegen, the Netherlands <crisislab.nl/wordpress/wp-content/uploads/Oratie_Ira_Helsloot_21-09-2012.pdf> accessed 18-07-2018 Helsloot I., Schmidt A., 2012, The Intractable Citizen and the Single-Minded Risk Expert – Mechanisms Causing the Risk Regulation Reflex Pointed Out in the Dutch Risk and Responsibility Programme, European Journal of Risk Regulation, 3, 305 – 312. HSE, 2001, Reducing Risk, Protecting People, Her Majesty’s Stationery Office, Norwich NR3 1BQ, ISBN 0 7176 2151 0 p36 Heinzerling L., 1998, Regulatory costs of mythic proportions.
    keywords: decisions; health; life; lives; money; people; perspective; risk; safety; value; vosl
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        item: #152 of 7527
          id: cet-10136
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 1.docx
        date: 2019-10-10
       words: 3050
      flesch: 55
     summary: Figure1: Location specific risk (left) and societal risk curves (right) for case warehouse fire after the first calculation Figure 2: Location specific risk (left) and societal risk curves (right) for case warehouse fire without (a) and with (b) plume rise, after recalculation (for situation b, there is no societal risk) Figure 3: Location specific risk (left) and societal risk curves (right) for case atmospheric liquids after the first calculation Figure 4: Location specific risk (left) and societal risk curves (right) for case atmospheric liquids after recalculation Table 2: Maximum distance from border (m) for the IRCs of 10-5/y, 10-6/y and 10-7/y for case atmospheric liquids after the first calculation (left) and after the final calculation (right) Distance (m) - step 1 IRC of 10-5/y IRC of 10-6/y IRC of 10-7/y Distance (m) – final IRC of 10-5/y IRC of 10-6/y IRC of 10-7/y Expert 1 184 416 555 Expert 1 125 165 190 Expert 2 59 87 148 Expert 2 39 89 142 Expert 3 45 56 116 Expert 3 45 56 116 Expert 4 70 95 115 Expert 4 90 195 310
    keywords: calculation; case; risk; year
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        item: #153 of 7527
          id: cet-10137
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 1.docx
        date: 2019-10-10
       words: 4115
      flesch: 39
     summary: Wu T.-C., Chang S.-H., Shu C.-M., Chen C.-T., Wang C.-P., 2011, Safety leadership and safety performance in petrochemical industries: The mediating role of safety climate, Journal of Loss Prevention in the Process Industries, 24(6), 716–721. Yorio P.L., Willmer D.R., Moore S.M., 2015, Health and safety management systems through a multilevel and strategic management perspective: Theoretical and empirical considerations, Safety Science, 72, 221–228. Pilbeam C., Doherty N., Davidson R., Denyer D., 2016, Safety leadership practices for organizational safety compliance: Developing a research agenda from a review of the literature, Safety Science, 86, 110–121.
    keywords: factors; followers; influence; leadership; management; process; process safety; safety
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        item: #154 of 7527
          id: cet-10138
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 1.docx
        date: 2019-10-10
       words: 2736
      flesch: 48
     summary: Dust fires and dust explosions. VDI Verlag GmbH. VDI 2263 Blatt 7: 2010-07 (Verein Deutscher Ingenieure: Richtlinie), 2010, Dust fires and dust explosions; Hazards – assessment – protective measures: Dust fires and explosion protection in spraying and drying integrated equipment.
    keywords: behaviour; combustion; dust; fire; safety; state; test
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        item: #155 of 7527
          id: cet-10139
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 1.docx
        date: 2019-10-10
       words: 3708
      flesch: 48
     summary: In this work, it is presented techniques for social research for assessment of safety perception of workers of storage terminals, and the survey submitted by e- mail, using a 5 points Likert scale. The literature is divided about its use, having several authors that attack the use of Likert scale as interval, while lots of others defend its interpretation as interval.
    keywords: companies; likert; management; safety; scale; storage; survey; terminals
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        item: #156 of 7527
          id: cet-1014
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-1014
        date: 2018-01-18
       words: 2861
      flesch: 11
     summary: 62, 2017 A publication of The Italian Association of Chemical Engineering Online at www.aidic.it/cet Guest Editors: Fei Song, Haibo Wang, Fang He Copyright © 2017, AIDIC Servizi S.r.l. ISBN 978-88-95608- 60-0; ISSN 2283-9216 Research on the Effects of Sewage Discharge from Chemical Industry Park on Microbial Community Rui Wei Weinan Normal University, Weinan 714000, China chinaweirui@163.com To analyze structure change of microbial communities in a sewage system of a typical coastal industrial park and a drainage area, by comparing structures of microbial communities in the sewage treatment system in the park and the pollutant-holding area by means of molecular biology, higher richness and diversity of bacteria and archaea in sediments in the pollutant-holding area than that of the sewage treatment system in the park are found in this research; according to analysis and findings on different points and different seasonal samples in the pollutant-holding area, microbial community structures at each point in the pollutant-holding area share relatively high similarity. Introduction 1.1 Research significance With a typical coastal industrial park chosen as the research object, intermittent sampling and environmental monitoring are carried out on the sewage treatment system in the park and the sewage discharge area where it is located, meanwhile (Harris et al, 2017), quantitative PCR, clone library, 454 high throughput sequencing and molecular biology methods are adopted for analysis of changes of microbial community structure of the sewage treatment system in the industrial park and of the pollutant-holding area to study response relationship between microbial community structure in the bay area and environmental factors, and to explore the influence which may be caused by terrigenous industrial pollution on the microbial community structure in the pollutant-holding bay area (Henson, 2014).
    keywords: ammonia; area; community; culture; pollutant; samples; structure; system
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        item: #157 of 7527
          id: cet-10140
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 1.docx
        date: 2019-10-10
       words: 3558
      flesch: 51
     summary: Concurrently, the CO/CO2 ratio increases significantly when the fuel equivalent ratio increases, then it drops for dust concentration is greater than 1000 g.m-3. Many other metrics can be of interest concerning dust explosion: Sauter diameter, d10, solid surface concentration.
    keywords: agglomerates; concentration; dust; explosion; figure; raw; starch; surface
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        item: #158 of 7527
          id: cet-10141
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 1.docx
        date: 2019-10-10
       words: 3460
      flesch: 53
     summary: CRC Press LLC., 2000, Von https://www.update.uu.se/~jolkkonen/pdf/CRC_TD.pdf abgerufen CSB., 2004, Aluminium dust explosion. Systematic experimental studies of aluminium dust in a range of test volumes demonstrate that the cube law cannot be used without qualification.
    keywords: aluminium; dpex; dust; explosion; pressure; values; vessel
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        item: #159 of 7527
          id: cet-10142
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 1.docx
        date: 2019-10-10
       words: 3069
      flesch: 54
     summary: These observations reflect the much higher thermal radiation emitted by light metal dust flames. The incident thermal radiation from dust flames can be calculated using the solid flame model.
    keywords: dust; explosion; flame; kst; metal; radiation; scale
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        item: #160 of 7527
          id: cet-10143
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 1.docx
        date: 2019-10-10
       words: 3657
      flesch: 41
     summary: Skjold T., Hisken H., Bernard L., Mauri L., Atanga G., Lakshmipathy S., Lucas M., Carcassi M., Schiavetti M., Rao V.C.M., Sinha A., Wen J.X., Tolias I.C., Giannissi S.G., Venetsanos A.G., Stewart J.R., Hansen O.R., Kumar C., Krumenacker L., Laviron F., Jambut R., Huser A., 2019c, Blind-prediction: estimating the consequences of vented hydrogen deflagrations for inhomogeneous mixtures in 20-foot ISO containers, Journal of Loss Prevention in the Process Industries, 61, 220-236. Skjold T., Hisken H., Lakshmipathy S., Atanga G., Bernard L., van Wingerden M., Olsen K.L., Holme M.N., Turøy N.M., Mykleby M., van Wingerden K., 2019a, Vented hydrogen deflagrations in containers: effect of congestion for homogeneous and inhomogeneous mixtures, International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 44, 8819-8832. This paper reviews selected results from the experimental investigation of vented hydrogen deflagrations performed in 20-foot ISO containers as part of the EU-funded HySEA project (Skjold 2018ab; Skjold et al., 2019a).
    keywords: container; deflagrations; explosion; hydrogen; mixtures; pressure; results; skjold; tests
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        item: #161 of 7527
          id: cet-10144
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 1.docx
        date: 2019-10-10
       words: 2975
      flesch: 54
     summary: A publication of The Italian Association of Chemical Engineering Online at www.cetjournal.it Guest Editors: Genserik Reniers, Bruno Fabiano Copyright © 2019, AIDIC Servizi S.r.l. ISBN 978-88-95608-74-7; ISSN 2283-9216 Issues of “Standard” Explosion Tests for non-spherical Dusts Valeria Di Sarlia,*, Enrico Danzib, Luca Marmob, Roberto Sanchiricoa, Almerinda Di Benedettoc a Istituto di Ricerche sulla Combustione, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Piazzale V. Tecchio 80, 80125, Napoli, Italy b Dipartimento Scienza Applicata e Tecnologia, Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24, 10129, Torino, Italy c Dipartimento di Ingegneria Chimica, dei Materiali e della Produzione Industriale, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Piazzale V. Tecchio 80, 80125, Napoli, Italy valeria.disarli@irc.cnr.it Measurements of the flammability and explosion parameters for non-spherical dusts are performed according to standard procedures in standard explosion equipment developed and tested for spherical dusts. 692 Figure 1: Maps of TKE [m2/s2] at t = 60 ms as computed for spherical dust and non-spherical dust with sf = 1 and 2.
    keywords: benedetto; dust; explosion; particles; turbulence
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        item: #162 of 7527
          id: cet-10145
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 1.docx
        date: 2019-10-10
       words: 3680
      flesch: 47
     summary: However, in the second half of the 20th century, it became clear that large vapour cloud explosions in more open environments were not fully understood. A publication of The Italian Association of Chemical Engineering Online at www.cetjournal.it Guest Editors: Genserik Reniers, Bruno Fabiano Copyright © 2019, AIDIC Servizi S.r.l. ISBN 978-88-95608-74-7; ISSN 2283-9216 Vapour Cloud Explosions – The Evidence for Deflagration to Detonation Transition Michael Johnsona*, Andrzej Pekalskib, Vincent H.Y. Tamc, Bassam A. Burgand, Pol Hoorelbekee, Chris Savvidesf a DNV GL Spadeadam Testing and Research, Brampton, Cumbria, CA8 7AU, UK b Shell Research Ltd., London, UK c University of Warwick, University Road, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK d Steel Construction Institute, Silwood Park, Buckhurst Road, Ascot SL5 7QN, UK e Total, Paris la Défense cedex, France f BP Exploration, Chertsey Road, Sunbury-on-Thames TW16 7LN, UK michael.johnson@dnvgl.com Approximately forty years ago, it was realised that the generation of high flame speeds would result in damaging pressures being produced in vapour cloud explosions (VCEs).
    keywords: buncefield; cloud; damage; ddt; evidence; explosion; flame; mechanism; vapour
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        item: #163 of 7527
          id: cet-10146
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 1.docx
        date: 2019-10-10
       words: 3551
      flesch: 53
     summary: In a recent risk assessment an attempt was made to estimate consequences from water explosions in molten metal furnaces using a combination of spreadsheet calculations and a CFD-tool. The main damaging effect from water vapour explosions in furnaces are molten metal projectiles and blast pressures.
    keywords: blast; explosion; furnace; metal; molten; water
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        item: #164 of 7527
          id: cet-10147
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 1.docx
        date: 2019-10-10
       words: 2244
      flesch: 54
     summary: 1) Effect of the concentration of MEHQ The concentration of MEHQ is affect to DSC onset but almost constant calorific value was detected for any sample regardless of MEHQ concentration. But we could not analyze under nitrogen condition sample (No.3) because of the polymerization.
    keywords: arc; figure; mehq; results; table
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        item: #165 of 7527
          id: cet-10148
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 1.docx
        date: 2019-10-10
       words: 2419
      flesch: 54
     summary: Water velocity measurements clearly show an increase of water surface velocity with gas flow rate (Figure 8). Results obtained for current velocity measurements at the surface level show an increase of water surface velocity with gas flow rate.
    keywords: air; elevation; flow; gas; methane; surface; velocity; water
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        item: #166 of 7527
          id: cet-10149
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 1.docx
        date: 2019-10-10
       words: 3174
      flesch: 50
     summary: Figure 2 Prediction network for human factor accidents of storage tanks (Zhiqiang Sun, 2008) put forward a basic framework of human factor analysis form five aspects i.e. operator, system, environment, task and organizational factors.
    keywords: accidents; analysis; emergency; factors; human; safety; state; system; task
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        item: #167 of 7527
          id: cet-1015
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-1015
        date: 2018-01-18
       words: 2914
      flesch: 35
     summary: There, study on mitigative effects of exogenous NO on corn nickel toxicity plays an important practical significance in preventing nickel pollution, improving crop yield, ensure crop quality and prevent the harm of nickel (Mansour et al., 2016). Figure 3: The influence of SNP treatment on corn seed germination index under nickel stress 3.5 Influence of sodium nitroprusside treatment on dry and fresh weight of corn under nickel stress
    keywords: concentration; corn; corn seeds; germination; nickel; nitroprusside; seeds; sodium
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        item: #168 of 7527
          id: cet-10150
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 1.docx
        date: 2019-10-10
       words: 3549
      flesch: 42
     summary: In parallel studies the results of a Root Cause Analysis as well as the insights gained from analyzing the collaborative work between control operators and maintenance teams in the field were used to identify possibilities to improve the communication between all employees and prevent human errors caused by misunderstandings (Lafrenz, 2017). In the laboratory study the mental workload and the perceived usability of using different kinds of media for surveillance with video cameras was rated by control room operators: 730 • Autocycling images • 3D visualisations • Distorted and mirror images • Augmented Reality Field studies investigated the mental workload of control room operators and field operators using modern ICT in the control room or mobile devices like PDA in the field in order to support their communication (Lafrenz, 2017).
    keywords: control; design; ict; lafrenz; maintenance; modern; new; operators; order; process; safety; task; work
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        item: #169 of 7527
          id: cet-10151
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 1.docx
        date: 2019-10-10
       words: 3293
      flesch: 44
     summary: Eventually, eight key proposals were presented to avoid hot work accidents. Causes of hot work accidents in chemical plants mainly consisted of failure to handle permits of hot work, production system without isolation, unremoved flammable materials, and failure to install fire prevention measures.
    keywords: accidents; analysis; bayesian; factors; measures; network; process; safety; work
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        item: #170 of 7527
          id: cet-10152
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 1.docx
        date: 2019-10-10
       words: 3838
      flesch: 56
     summary: 1.1 Evidence in favor of near miss reporting Critiques of incident reporting have questioned whether organizations actually become safer after implementation of an incident reporting system. These critics have suggested that incident reporting can be more successful if there is an emphasis on “analysis of incidents and organizational learning” but can fail if there is too big of an emphasis on just the counting of incidents (Vincent et al., 2008; Clarke, 2008; Davies, 2000; Braithwaite et al., 2011).
    keywords: analysis; barrier; bowtie; incident; miss; near; reporting; safety; sir
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        item: #171 of 7527
          id: cet-10153
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 1.docx
        date: 2019-10-10
       words: 3153
      flesch: 34
     summary: An inherent safety approach was recognized as a successful way to compare the safety performance of conventional methanol production processes during the early design stages (Ortiz-Espinoza et al., 2017). The application of the inherent safety approach can play a paramount role for orienting choices in the preliminary design phases of safer methanol production processes.
    keywords: ch3oh; figure; gas; kpis; methanol; oxidation; process; production; safety; units
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        item: #172 of 7527
          id: cet-10154
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 1.docx
        date: 2019-10-10
       words: 3233
      flesch: 38
     summary: Possible advancement include knowledge based methods combined with models to be applied at the early stages of process development such as Petri nets, dynamic simulation signed digraphs (Jain et al., 2018) and integrated life cycle assessment. These results are strictly connected to the intrinsic hazardous properties and severe process conditions in the furnace node (high temperature, exothermic-combustion reactions, flame).
    keywords: analysis; approach; assessment; cycle; lca; life; process; risk; safety; syngas
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        item: #173 of 7527
          id: cet-10155
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 1.docx
        date: 2019-10-10
       words: 3685
      flesch: 46
     summary: The developed method was demonstrated using an example case study of high liquid level scenario in a K.O.D and comparing it to the conventional method of risk analysis. And if an event occurs such risk module system may help to detect quicker where the cause of a disturbance may be found.
    keywords: analysis; approach; data; figure; operations; plant; process; risk; safety; system; value
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        item: #174 of 7527
          id: cet-10156
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 1.docx
        date: 2019-10-10
       words: 2933
      flesch: 52
     summary: 3.1 Process Safety lifecycle as defined in IEC-61511 Industry standard IEC-61511: Functional safety - Safety instrumented systems for the process industry sector, is developed to describe requirements for the engineering and maintaining of Safety Instrumented Systems (SIS), the so-called Process Safety Lifecycle. Validating the assumptions of the Safety Study and a comparison with actual Process Safety performance in the Plant has proven to be cumbersome and was almost impossible in the past.
    keywords: figure; industry; kpi; process; process safety; risk; safety
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        item: #175 of 7527
          id: cet-10157
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 1.docx
        date: 2019-10-10
       words: 3859
      flesch: 37
     summary: To steward the routine application of ISD, the project should have an ISD champion to help identify ISD opportunities, track the opportunities to action and communicate ISD application examples to wider stakeholders to improve overall fluency. Finally, teams need to create a mechanism to identify, track ISD opportunities and advertise ISD application.
    keywords: application; design; gas; hazard; isd; oil; process; project; risk; safety; system
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        item: #176 of 7527
          id: cet-10159
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 1.docx
        date: 2019-10-10
       words: 3342
      flesch: 43
     summary: 783 Figure 2: Flash point profile of DMA / water mixtures 3.3 Minimum/Maximum Flash point behavior and process safety In the risk assessment of industrial processes, flash point is used to assess the possibility of ignition of the vapor above a flammable liquid by external sources (in particular flames), that could lead, in some conditions, to a fire or an explosion. In the case of organic mixtures, flash point can be dramatically changed upon concentrations in flammable compounds and, in many cases, following non-linear trends.
    keywords: flash; liquid; mixtures; point
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        item: #177 of 7527
          id: cet-1016
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-1016
        date: 2018-01-18
       words: 3552
      flesch: 46
     summary: References Ali S., Charles T.C., Glick B.R., 2014, Amelioration of high salinity stress damage by plant growth-promoting bacterial endophytes that contain ACC deaminase, Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, 80, 160-167, DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2014.04.003 Bose J., Rodrigo-Moreno A., Shabala S., 2014, ROS homeostasis in halophytes in the context of salinity stress tolerance, Journal of Experimental Botany, 65(5), 1241-1257, DOI: 10.1093/jxb/ert430 Chen S., Hawighorst P., Sun J., Polle A., 2014, Salt tolerance in Populus: significance of stress signaling networks, mycorrhization, and soil amendments for cellular and whole-plant nutrition, Environmental and experimental botany, 107, 113-124, DOI: 10.1016/j.envexpbot.2014.06.001 Ceccoli G., Ramos J., Pilatti V., Dellaferrera., Tivano J.C., Taleisnik E., Vegetti A.C., 2015, Salt glands in the Poaceae family and their relationship to salinity tolerance, The Botanical Review, 81(2), 162-178, DOI: 10.1007/s12229-015-9153-7 Deinlein U., Stephan A.B., Horie T., Luo W., Xu G., Schroeder J.I., 2014, Plant salt-tolerance mechanisms, Trends in plant science, 19(6), 371-379, DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2014.02.001 Di-Bella C.E., Jacobo E., Golluscio R.A., Rodríguez A.M., 2014, Effect of cattle grazing on soil salinity and vegetation composition along an elevation gradient in a temperate coastal salt marsh of Samborombón Bay (Argentina), Wetlands ecology and management, 22(1), 1-13, DOI: 10.1007/s11273-013-9317-3 Flowers T.J., Munns R., Colmer T.D., 2014, Sodium chloride toxicity and the cellular basis of salt tolerance in halophytes, Annals of botany, 115(3), 419-431, DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcu217 Hamamoto S., Horie T., Hauser F., Deinlein U., Schroeder J.I., Uozumi N., 2015, HKT transporters mediate salt stress resistance in plants: from structure and function to the field, Current opinion in biotechnology, 32, 113-120, DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2014.11.025 1307 Hasegawa P.M., 2013, Sodium (Na+) homeostasis and salt tolerance of plants, Environmental and Experimental Botany, 92, 19-31, DOI: 10.1016/j.envexpbot.2013.03.001 Iqbal N., Umar S., Khan N.A., Khan M.I.R., 2014, A new perspective of phytohormones in salinity tolerance: regulation of proline metabolism, Environmental and Experimental Botany, 100, 34-42, DOI: 10.1016/j.envexpbot.2013.12.006 Islam F., Yasmeen T., Arif M.S., Ali S., Ali B., Hameed S., Zhou W., 2016, Plant growth promoting bacteria confer salt tolerance in Vigna radiata by up-regulating antioxidant defense and biological soil fertility, Plant growth regulation, 80(1), 23-36, DOI: 10.1007/s10725-015-0142-y Ismail A.M., Horie T., 2017, Genomics, Physiology, and Molecular Breeding Approaches for Improving Salt Tolerance, Annual Review of Plant Biology, 68, 405-434, DOI: 10.1146/annurev-arplant-042916-040936 Jayakannan M., Bose J., Babourina O., Rengel Z., Shabala S., 2013, Salicylic acid improves salinity tolerance in Arabidopsis by restoring membrane potential and preventing salt-induced K+ loss via a GORK channel, Journal of Experimental Botany, 64(8), 2255-2268, DOI: 10.1093/jxb/ert085 Mostofa M.G., Hossain M.A., Fujita M., 2015, Trehalose pretreatment induces salt tolerance in rice (Oryza sativa L.) seedlings: oxidative damage and co-induction of antioxidant defense and glyoxalase systems, Protoplasma, 252(2), 461-475, DOI: 10.1007/s00709-014-0691-3 Manaa A., Gharbi E., Mimouni H., Wasti S., Aschi-Smiti S., Lutts S., Ahmed H.B., 2014, Simultaneous application of salicylic acid and calcium improves salt tolerance in two contrasting tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) cultivars, South African Journal of Botany, 95, 32-39, DOI: 10.1016/j.sajb.2014.07.015 Rivero R.M., Mestre T.C., Mittler R.O.N., Rubio F., GARCIA‐ SANCHEZ., FRANCISCO., Martinez V., 2014, The combined effect of salinity and heat reveals a specific physiological, biochemical and molecular response in tomato plants, Plant, cell & environment, 37(5), 1059-1073, DOI: 10.1111/pce.12199 Rahman M.A., Thomson M.J., Shah-E-Alam M., de Ocampo M., Egdane J., Ismail A.M., 2016, Exploring novel genetic sources of salinity tolerance in rice through molecular and physiological characterization, Annals of botany, 117(6), 1083-1097, DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcw030 Shrivastava P., Kumar R., 2015, Soil salinity: a serious environmental issue and plant growth promoting bacteria as one of the tools for its alleviation, Saudi journal of biological sciences, 22(2), 123-131, DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2014.12.001 Song J., Wang B., 2014, Using euhalophytes to understand salt tolerance and to develop saline agriculture: Suaeda salsa as a promising model, Annals of botany, 115(3), 541-553, DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcu194 1308 According to soil soluble salt amount in different times (Table 4), highest value appeared in the October and the lowest was in August; which was due to the more precipitation in July and August to make salt leak subsoil with the leakage of water, but precipitation after September decreased and surface evaporation severely increased to make salt to surface soil.
    keywords: amb; density; doi; plant; planting; saline; salt; soil; table
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        item: #178 of 7527
          id: cet-10160
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 1.docx
        date: 2019-10-10
       words: 3119
      flesch: 47
     summary: A methodology for the quantitative risk assessment of major accidents triggered by seismic events. It is assumed that a Poisson distribution of rare events is representative of induced earthquakes and thus a probability specification is derived as of Eq. 2: ( > ) = ( ) !
    keywords: earthquake; event; failure; magnitude; occurrence; table; tank
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        item: #179 of 7527
          id: cet-10161
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 1.docx
        date: 2019-10-10
       words: 2727
      flesch: 51
     summary: Janosovsky et al. (2017) highlight the importance and interest of process simulation to analyze deviation propagation. The proposed methodology includes 4 steps among which a step of process dynamic simulation, with ASPEN PLUS DYNAMICSTM 9.0 tool, under normal mode than under degraded mode.
    keywords: analysis; column; deviation; dynamic; flooding; process; risk; simulation
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        item: #180 of 7527
          id: cet-10162
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 1.docx
        date: 2019-10-10
       words: 2664
      flesch: 50
     summary: Several models with the purpose of simulating pollutants dispersion were developed (Gariazzo et al., 2012; Alemayehu et al., 2015; Fang et al., 2018); among those, Gaussian models found many applications in safety engineering, due to both their effectiveness and relatively low computational costs. Gaussian dispersion model to estimate the dispersion of particulate matters (PM2.5) and sulfur dioxide (SO2) concentrations on Tribal Land, Oklahoma.
    keywords: accident; data; dispersion; ground; model; release; tcdd
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        item: #181 of 7527
          id: cet-10163
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 1.docx
        date: 2019-10-10
       words: 3531
      flesch: 45
     summary: HAZOP deviations Deviations of failure size Steady state simulations NAEs system Mathematical model of process Deviations of failure duration Dynamic simulations ODEs system Number of steady states Stability of steady states Runaway conditions Steady state multiplicity Shutdown procedure Unexpected devices failure Process parameters fluctuations Start up of the reactor Hazard identification techniques Evaluation of simulations Parametric sensitivity analysis Bifurcation analysis Process description incl. In this study, advanced mathematical modeling techniques provide valuable support to testing of processes design and process control on different HAZOP deviations.
    keywords: control; flow; hazop; process; rate; system
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        item: #182 of 7527
          id: cet-10164
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 1.docx
        date: 2019-10-10
       words: 3764
      flesch: 52
     summary: This means that, a priori, numerical models previously developed for free jets, e.g. integral models, are not suitable for the analysis of impinging flows (Brook et al., 2003. sim21 sim19 H -75 % sim10 sim0 H -25 % sim22 free jet D -50
    keywords: case; hydrogen; influence; jet; obstacle; sim0
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        item: #183 of 7527
          id: cet-10165
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 1.docx
        date: 2019-10-10
       words: 3248
      flesch: 48
     summary: Wang Q., Ping P., Zhao X., Chu G., Sun J., Chen C., 2012, Thermal runaway caused fire and explosion of lithium ion battery, Journal of Power Sources, 208, 210-224. Different cooling methods can be selected for battery packs, such as air cooling (see for example Lou, 2007; Sabbah et al., 2008; Sun et al., 2012; Yang et al., 2015, just to name e few), liquid cooling (Valøen et al., 2005; Malik et al., 2018;
    keywords: battery; cell; cooling; et al; heat; ion; model; temperature
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        item: #184 of 7527
          id: cet-10166
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 1.docx
        date: 2019-10-10
       words: 3601
      flesch: 46
     summary: Dann M., Dann C., 2017, Automated matching of pipeline corrosion features from in-line inspection data, Reliability Engineering & System Safety, 162, 40-50. Overall, these failure criteria are assessed through safety margins -or limit states- using operating or mechanical parameters to estimate pipeline failure probability.
    keywords: corrosion; defects; failure; figure; ili; pipeline; process; segmentation
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        item: #185 of 7527
          id: cet-10167
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 1.docx
        date: 2019-10-10
       words: 3118
      flesch: 37
     summary: Kalantarnia M., Khan F., Hawboldt K., 2009, Dynamic risk assessment using failure assessment and Bayesian theory, Journal of Loss Prevention in the Process Industries, 22, 600–606. Introduction As many other contexts, risk analysis has been strongly affected by the big data era, that means by the ability to provide continuous acquisition, effective process and meaningful communication of such information.
    keywords: analysis; assessment; chemicals; evidences; failure; oil; process; risk; safety; system
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        item: #186 of 7527
          id: cet-10168
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 1.docx
        date: 2019-10-10
       words: 2853
      flesch: 43
     summary: Additionally, task performance times can also be predicted and incorporated into the model by leveraging research-based human performance time estimates for activities such as speech listening rate (Miller & Licklider, 1950); hand movement rates (Welford, 1968); human-computer interaction and decision-making activities (Card et al., 1983); and fixation and target-finding times (Houtmans & Sanders, 1984). These estimates are used to generate models of human performance times for task flow activities, which are then compiled to compute overall task-performance times.
    keywords: activities; design; human; model; performance; requirements; system; task; workload
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        item: #187 of 7527
          id: cet-10169
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 1.docx
        date: 2019-10-10
       words: 3429
      flesch: 41
     summary: 2.1 Organizational learning In the case of an organization, whether it’s a small or large industrial plant or even an industrial concern, we can talk about organizational learning. Of course the complexity of the organization has a significant impact on the multidimensionality of learning, but regardless of the size of the organization itself, the very idea of organizational learning remains constant.
    keywords: knowledge; learning; mastery; objectives; organization; process; safety; taxonomy
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        item: #188 of 7527
          id: cet-1017
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-1017
        date: 2018-01-18
       words: 2512
      flesch: 48
     summary: The fluorescence emission spectra of α-glucosidase and the mixture of α-glucosidase and EGCG3”Me were scanned under the constant temperature within the wavelength range of 290nm~450nm. 3. Results and Analysis 3.1 The inhibitory effect of EGCG3”Me on α-glucosidase The fluorescence quenching effect: The internal fluorescence of α-glucosidase mainly came from the tryptophan and tyrosine residues.
    keywords: binding; egcg3”me; fluorescence; glucosidase; interaction; quenching
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        item: #189 of 7527
          id: cet-10170
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 1.docx
        date: 2019-10-10
       words: 3636
      flesch: 57
     summary: Please cite this article as: Lindhout P., 2019, Unknown risk: The safety engineer’s best and final offer?, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 77, 847-852 DOI:10.3303/CET1977142 847 What can the safety engineer do about unknown risks in the chemical industry? A publication of The Italian Association of Chemical Engineering Online at www.cetjournal.it Guest Editors: Genserik Reniers, Bruno Fabiano Copyright © 2019, AIDIC Servizi S.r.l. ISBN 978-88-95608-74-7; ISSN 2283-9216 Unknown Risk: The Safety Engineer’s Best and Final Offer?
    keywords: accident; chemical; management; new; phenomenon; reniers; risk; safety; thinking; vol
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        item: #190 of 7527
          id: cet-10171
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 1.docx
        date: 2019-10-10
       words: 4027
      flesch: 55
     summary: Flixborough Y Y Y 2.7 Y DDT by equipment in unit Pasadena Y Y Y 3.5-4 Y DDT by equipment in unit Decatur Y N Harris, R.J. and Wickens, M.J., 1989, Understanding vapour cloud explosions – an experimental study, 55th Ann.
    keywords: cloud; damage; ddt; detonation; flame; ignition; vapour; y n; y y
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        item: #191 of 7527
          id: cet-10172
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 1.docx
        date: 2019-10-10
       words: 3340
      flesch: 46
     summary: 2.3 Integrated information using chemical plant simulator for “training by doing” Not only knowledge but also practical work training is important for plant safety training. In this paper, integrated instruction system consisting of dynamic simulator, virtual reality and argument reality system are proposed to educate/training for chemical plant operators.
    keywords: chemical; information; plant; safety; simulator; system; training; work
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        item: #192 of 7527
          id: cet-10173
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 1.docx
        date: 2019-10-10
       words: 2887
      flesch: 61
     summary: Dipartimento di Scienza Applicata e Tecnologia, Politecnico di Torino, Torino, Italy paola.russo@uniroma1.it Dust explosions pose a serious hazard to both personnel and equipment in industries that handles combustible powders. Although prevention and mitigation technology of dust explosions has progressed greatly, continual accidents in the process industries demonstrate the need for improved knowledge in this area (Mercan, 2016; Russo et al., 2017).
    keywords: area; building; dust; explosion; figure; flour; silo; simulation
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        item: #193 of 7527
          id: cet-10174
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 1.docx
        date: 2019-10-10
       words: 3106
      flesch: 40
     summary: The software tool has been developed for end-users without in-depth expertise in CFD simulations: the library of scripts allows the users to run the required CFD simulations by performing the following steps: The 3D animation has been already used during gas hazard trainings for the laboratory personnel.
    keywords: cfd; environment; figure; gas; laboratory; model; results; safety; simulation
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        item: #194 of 7527
          id: cet-10175
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 1.docx
        date: 2019-10-10
       words: 3999
      flesch: 49
     summary: (1996) showed that there is a difference between how workers perceive safety risks and safety risks resulting from quantitative methods such as QRA or accident analysis. In this paper, the first integrated way of communicating information on occupational safety risks towards workplaces is presented.
    keywords: accident; data; fact; information; measures; risks; safety; sheets
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        item: #195 of 7527
          id: cet-10176
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 1.docx
        date: 2019-10-10
       words: 3265
      flesch: 33
     summary: Characterization of security attacks of concern for Seveso sites Seveso sites are potentially attractive from the security standpoint due to three many reasons: DOI: 10.3303/CET1977148 Paper Received: 26 November 2018; Revised: 6 May 2019; Accepted: 26 June 2019 A quantitative estimation of the likelihood of success of external attack scenarios is derived conducting a performance-based assessment of vulnerability, as recommended for facilities with high-consequence loss physical assets (Garcia, 2006).
    keywords: accident; assessment; attack; chemical; process; protection; safety; scenarios; security; seveso
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        item: #196 of 7527
          id: cet-10177
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 1.docx
        date: 2019-10-10
       words: 3895
      flesch: 40
     summary: 2. Self-Rated Task Performance will be rated lower in obfuscated scenarios compared to baseline scenarios. NASA TLX ratings will reflect higher workload in obfuscated scenarios compared to baseline scenarios.
    keywords: baseline; conditions; control; cyber; operators; participants; performance; plant; scenarios
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        item: #197 of 7527
          id: cet-10178
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 1.docx
        date: 2019-10-10
       words: 3370
      flesch: 49
     summary: For all three components, an increasing trend can be observed, which indicates that security training has a positive effect on the level of security awareness of employees. While employees of chemical companies may have more attention for security issues or greater security responsibilities, the results of this research are useful to consider for all types of companies when organizing security trainings.
    keywords: awareness; employees; knowledge; post; security; session; test; training
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        item: #198 of 7527
          id: cet-10179
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 1.docx
        date: 2019-10-10
       words: 3583
      flesch: 39
     summary: Research is embedded in an interdisciplinary education of young academics in the field of process and plant safety at Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, the Technical University of Kaiserslautern and the University of Applied Science in Karlsruhe. The reason for these incidents are mainly third party activities of one of the following types: (1) mechanical damage, e.g. by excavators and drilling machines, on a safe pipeline (2) cyber criminals e.g. on industrial control and safety systems and (3) human error, e.g. accidents during inspection, repair or maintenance in a wrong part of a plant.
    keywords: concept; gas; measures; pipelines; plant; protection; safety; security; system
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        item: #199 of 7527
          id: cet-1018
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-1018
        date: 2018-01-18
       words: 2586
      flesch: 37
     summary: Also, analysis of corn stalk before and after the treatment was conducted with ultra depth microscope. In this paper, microwave-assisted acid pretreatment method was used to investigate the yield of hydrolyzed reduced sugars of corn stalk under different conditions according to the principle of Central-Composite design experiment.
    keywords: acid; corn; microwave; power; reaction; sugar; time; yield
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        item: #200 of 7527
          id: cet-10180
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 1.docx
        date: 2019-10-10
       words: 4696
      flesch: 44
     summary: For this reason, the operating systems dedicated to OT systems differ from the classical operating systems, especially in the management of task priorities. The other key aspect to consider when analysing OT systems is that it must operate continuously until the underlying physical process is active (i.e. until it is replaced by another monitoring and control system).
    keywords: attack; control; cyber; malware; order; physical; process; security; stuxnet; systems; time
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        item: #201 of 7527
          id: cet-10181
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 1.docx
        date: 2019-10-10
       words: 3238
      flesch: 55
     summary: Risk evaluation method can be challenged by customer and an additional iteration of evaluation loop needs to be done. Risks are more effectively identified and mitigated through good combination of risk assessment methods.
    keywords: analysis; assessment; design; error; hazop; iso; risk; safety
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        item: #202 of 7527
          id: cet-10182
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 1.docx
        date: 2019-10-10
       words: 2840
      flesch: 52
     summary: Such a practice does not take full advantage of the probabilistic nature of bowtie risk analysis. This permits using a purely Bayesian approach for propagating basic event probability distributions along a bowtie.
    keywords: analysis; distribution; event; occurrence; probability; risk; time
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        item: #203 of 7527
          id: cet-10183
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 1.docx
        date: 2019-10-10
       words: 2249
      flesch: 41
     summary: Industrial case study 2 – Maintenance decision making for ageing energy plants Game based systems to support the training of plant operators towards the management systems, applied to major risk installations safety management systems.
    keywords: ageing; case; equipment; figure; maintenance; management
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        item: #204 of 7527
          id: cet-10184
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 1.docx
        date: 2019-10-10
       words: 3156
      flesch: 52
     summary: Jet fire affected a 18 in gas pipeline, which failed USA Alabama, 2011 Canada Buick, 2012 Natural gas transmission pipeline Sour gas Gathering system pipeline NG / 30 inch Sour gas / 16 inch NG / 30 inch Sour gas / 6.62 inch Explosion  fire  damage Explosion  fire  fire  failure External corrosion External corrosion Gas pipeline exploded, jet fire burned for hours and damaged a close pipeline Buried pipeline (16 inch) ruptured: crater, jet fire; in 25 min rupture/ignition of a 6.62 inch pipe in the same hallway (both pipes shut down before rupture) However, if there is flames impingement on an equipment very high heat flux densities will be reached, which can originate its failure; thus, jet fires can be the primary step of a domino effect sequence.
    keywords: fire; gas; impingement; inch; jet; pipe; temperature; wall
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        item: #205 of 7527
          id: cet-10185
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 1.docx
        date: 2019-10-10
       words: 3065
      flesch: 45
     summary: Figure 4 shows the calculated location specific risk and societal risk posed by the facility for the existing population within the impact zone of the facility. Figure 3: Location of the studied LPG storage facility on a regional land-use plan agricultural land industrial area residential area buffer zone 1e+003 m impact zone (1 km) recreational area LPG storage facility 0 500 m 940 Figure 4: Calculated location-specific human risk (a) and societal risk (b) for the LPG storage facility with a storage capacity of about 600 tons and an annual throughput of 30,000 tons.
    keywords: curve; establishment; facility; population; risk; seveso
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        item: #206 of 7527
          id: cet-10186
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 1.docx
        date: 2019-10-10
       words: 3865
      flesch: 55
     summary: Domino effects have to be considered as well in determining internal safety distances within establishments and in the design of pipeline corridors. With respect to pipeline corridors domino effects are a threat due to the high density of pipelines in the corridor and failure of one pipeline may result in the failure of an adjacent pipeline.
    keywords: distances; domino; effects; fire; gas; lpg; pipeline; pool; safety
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        item: #207 of 7527
          id: cet-10187
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 1.docx
        date: 2019-10-10
       words: 3686
      flesch: 44
     summary: 2.1 The fishbone model for ageing assessment The fishbone model for ageing assessment has been developed with the aim to face the requirement of the Directive Seveso III related to the control and management of equipment ageing. Failures = ratio between actual number of equipment failures over a reference period and number of expected failures according to generic failure rates used in the Safety Report.
    keywords: ageing; control; equipment; management; model; safety; system; technologies; walk
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        item: #208 of 7527
          id: cet-10188
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 1.docx
        date: 2019-10-10
       words: 3130
      flesch: 51
     summary: This project provides a strong experimental database about dispersion driven by an explosion. It appears that the effect of the confinement increases the velocity of dispersion inside the street.
    keywords: dispersion; effect; explosion; figure; powder; velocity; wind
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        item: #209 of 7527
          id: cet-10189
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 1.docx
        date: 2019-10-10
       words: 3790
      flesch: 36
     summary: Increased explosion pressure and, in particular, greatly increased dp/dt in Vessel 2. Proust, C., 2015, Gas flame acceleration in long ducts, Journal of Loss Prevention in the Process Industries, 36, 387-393.
    keywords: chemical; engineering; explosion; flame; gases; ignition; pressure; severity
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        item: #210 of 7527
          id: cet-1019
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-1019
        date: 2018-01-18
       words: 2780
      flesch: 44
     summary: 4. Demand-supply balance analysis of organic matter The analysis was based on the formula of OM resource quantity in the agricultural organic wastes and the formula of OM demands for arable soil. For the OM demands for soil and OM resources quantity for the 6 townships and 23 towns as the objects of study, refer to the calculation results in Figure 1. 1323 Figure 1: OM demands in soils and OM resources in the studies areas (Ten thousand tons/year) (2013) 1324 Figure 1 shows, the OM demands for soil is less than the OM resources quantity in the studied areas, all presenting the supply over demand.
    keywords: livestock; organic; quantity; resources; soil; supply; wastes
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        item: #211 of 7527
          id: cet-10190
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 1.docx
        date: 2019-10-10
       words: 2363
      flesch: 45
     summary: The Figure shows a reference test (no water), two tests where water deluge was applied (water application rate 22 l/min/m2) and a test where the same water application rate was used for a 100 g/l aqueous solution of potassium carbonate and water. The positive impact of water deluge has been documented extensively (Catlin et al., 1993, van Wingerden, 2000).
    keywords: aqueous; carbonate; deluge; potassium; solutions; water
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        item: #212 of 7527
          id: cet-10191
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 1.docx
        date: 2019-10-10
       words: 2657
      flesch: 50
     summary: If the tools and methods for designing new process safety equipment are used properly and the pitfalls - like sizing the charge gas cooler for normal operation – are avoided, process safety improvements can be implemented and commissioned successfully. 977 References API, 2008, Sizing, Selection, and Installation of Pressure-relieving Devices in Refineries, Part I – Sizing and Selection, API Standard 520, 8th Edition API, 2014, Pressure-relieving and Depressuring Systems, API Standard 521, 6th Edition API, 2015, Shell-and-Tube Heat Exchangers, API Standard 660, 9th Edition. To control these reactive hazards, the following new safety instrumented functions were installed: • 2 new flow measurements between compressor discharge and inlet 1st bed to detect the stop of the flow • 8 new temperature measurements per reactor bed distributed inside each bed to detect hot spots • Automatic isolation and depressurization of each bed, if low flow or high temperatures are detected.
    keywords: furnace; gas; heat; new; process; reactor; safety; temperature
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        item: #213 of 7527
          id: cet-10192
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 1.docx
        date: 2019-10-10
       words: 4325
      flesch: 52
     summary: The following technologies have been identified and were investigated: • Explosion suppression systems; • Powder fire extinguishing modules; • Large dry chemical powder systems (Fixed piped dry powder system & Fixed dry powder monitor); • Impulse Storm; • Water gun at aero dynamic lift; A study was performed on the strengths and weaknesses of these technologies. The following general conclusions can be drawn from the dispersion test campaigns: • A continuous release of powder is the easiest solution for sustaining a cloud meeting the requirements of the design basis (tests were also conducted with a pulsating injection of inhibitor powder but these tests were not successful); •
    keywords: activation; chemical; cloud; explosion; flame; inhibitor; injection; powder; system; test; vapor
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        item: #214 of 7527
          id: cet-10193
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 1.docx
        date: 2019-10-10
       words: 2350
      flesch: 40
     summary: However, descriptions of test methods leave often room for variations, which may have an important effect on the test result. It is evident that all acknowledged principles defined in ISO 17025 have to be applied to achieve correct and reproducible results: • employment of qualified personnel • training of lab personnel • validation of test methods • regular checks and maintenance of equipment • internal and external audits to control adherence to these principles Due to the nature of Safety Data some elements are of particular importance and deserve a special attention:
    keywords: characteristics; determination; ignition; round; safety; test; testing
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        item: #215 of 7527
          id: cet-10194
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 1.docx
        date: 2019-10-10
       words: 3300
      flesch: 50
     summary: The average loss per ageing incident (96 incidents) was 1.8 million euros per event. Based on the average loss per event, it is concluded that ageing incidents involve relatively high costs in euros per event.
    keywords: 2016; accidents; ageing; chemical; companies; degradation; incidents; material; obsolescence; safety
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        item: #216 of 7527
          id: cet-10195
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 1.docx
        date: 2019-10-10
       words: 2793
      flesch: 45
     summary: Emergency plans have to be accurately prepared, with the cooperation of all involved subjects: both people of the organization where the unexpected event may occur and people not belonging to the organization who can be impacted by the occurrence of the event. There are two kinds of emergency plan: the internal (or on-site) emergency plan and the external (or off-site) emergency plan.
    keywords: directive; emergency; iso; management; plan; risk
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        item: #217 of 7527
          id: cet-10196
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 1.docx
        date: 2019-10-10
       words: 3389
      flesch: 44
     summary: Contact with moving mechanical parts CS_1 Tank 9 Industrial water for disposal as non- hazardous waste Reaction between sewage and oxygen possible formation of biogas/ methane 3.2 Results of the analysis and decision making procedure Table 3 shows the results of confined spaces risk assessment for the case study carried on according to the methodology above described. Within the technological risk function, R=PxD, in order to account for the specific features of confined spaces, the probability of occurrence P was defined in two indices: the frequency of exposure to confined spaces, F, and the contact time I (strictly related to the complexity of the intervention that must be performed).
    keywords: assessment; damage; factor; n.a; plant; risk; space; tank
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        item: #218 of 7527
          id: cet-10197
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 1.docx
        date: 2019-10-10
       words: 3164
      flesch: 53
     summary: Instead for maintenance strategy 2, only the interval between the next maintenance shows an improvement. Gallimore K.F., Penlesky R.J., 1988, Framework for developing maintenance strategies, Production and Inventory Management Journal, 29(1), 16-22.
    keywords: equipment; maintenance; maintenance strategy; plant; standard; strategy; value
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        item: #219 of 7527
          id: cet-10198
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 1.docx
        date: 2019-10-10
       words: 4369
      flesch: 51
     summary: The results show that the global research trends of safety science have undertaken a drastic shift, and safety science research has closely followed the demands of social and economic development. Based on literatures (Wu, 2016; Wu, 2017; Wang et al. 2017; Wang and Wu, 2018), the purposes of this paper are to find out the future trends in safety science research to help safety researchers and practitioners understand the research trends and frontiers in the field of safety science 2.
    keywords: management; research; safety; safety science; science; system; theory
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        item: #220 of 7527
          id: cet-10199
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 1.docx
        date: 2019-10-10
       words: 3220
      flesch: 43
     summary: Economic and social consequences of occupational accidents affects clearly FDI efficiency and its competitiveness. The information acquired by this research can help analysts to better address the measures to be adopted in a work environment, in order to prevent occupational accidents and give a concrete contribution to Risk Management.
    keywords: accidents; analysis; data; fdi; risk; safety; scenario; sector; skm
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        item: #221 of 7527
          id: cet-102
      author: TW
       title: cet-102
        date: 2017-10-04
       words: 3369
      flesch: 47
     summary: Table 1: Matrix representation of the simplified ASM1 for paper mill SBR wastewater treatment process (Copp, 2002) Component Xi 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Process rate rj SI SS XI XS XB,H XP Based on the simplified ASM1 and the general equations for mass balance in the settling process, the SBR simulation model of paper mill wastewater treatment process is developed by MATLAB/Simulink 6.0.
    keywords: controller; paper; pb pb; pid; process; wastewater
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        item: #222 of 7527
          id: cet-1020
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-1020
        date: 2018-01-18
       words: 3875
      flesch: 61
     summary: Table 1 presents the up-regulated folds of copper resistance gene in the three strains DY1-DY3 under different Cu2+ concentrations. Ferrooxidans to heavy metal ions, and compares the tolerance of different strains to Cu2+ and the expression of At.
    keywords: cu2; culture; dy1; dy3; ferrooxidans; strains
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        item: #223 of 7527
          id: cet-10200
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 1.docx
        date: 2019-10-10
       words: 3140
      flesch: 56
     summary: 8.47E-01 5.00E-02 BE.2 VL FL M (0.166,0.260,0.354;0.150,0.260,0.370) 3.33E-01 1.26E-03 BE.3 FH FH FH (0.620,0.730,0.820;0.610,0.730,0.850) BE.18 FH M FH (0.536,0.658,0.767;0.519,0.658,0.797) 7.51E-01 2.56E-02 BE.19 FH H FH (0.679,0.774,0.854;0.666,0.774,0.881) 8.46E-01 4.96E-02
    keywords: analysis; failure; fuzzy; probability; process; safety
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        item: #224 of 7527
          id: cet-10201
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 1.docx
        date: 2019-10-10
       words: 3610
      flesch: 56
     summary: For instance, some of them need risk assessment tools to support short-term tactical planning, whereas others need them for long-term strategic planning. Application of a generic bow-tie method based risk analysis framework on risk management of sea ports and offshore terminals.
    keywords: assessment; management; maritime; oil; openrisk; project; questions; risk; sea; toolbox; tools
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        item: #225 of 7527
          id: cet-10202
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 1.docx
        date: 2019-10-10
       words: 3254
      flesch: 51
     summary: As with segment risks for line elements, the absolute risk for area elements is assessed for the whole site (sum of the cell risks) using the same three-band system. References DNV, SGS, 2014, Risk analysis system for the transport of hazardous substances : inventorisation, validation of assumptions and parameters and guidance for applying the risk analysis system, Brussel: Vlaamse overheid, Departement Leefmilieu, Natuur en Energie DNV GL, SGS, 2018, External safety risk assessment system for transport of dangerous goods —final report, Brussel: Vlaamse overheid, Departement Leefmilieu, Natuur en Energie 1044
    keywords: assessment; elements; risk; route; segment; system; transport
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        item: #226 of 7527
          id: cet-10203
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 1.docx
        date: 2019-10-10
       words: 5272
      flesch: 57
     summary: no transition to detonation no transition to detonation, mixture too rich Experiments in short pipes, format 114.3 x 3.6, at 130 °C no transition to detonation no transition to detonation no transition to detonation Experiments in long pipes (exception is test 19, here reflection at pipe end is scenario 7, but DDT is scenario 1), format 48.3 x 2.6, tests at 70 °C and 80 °C Experiments in long pipes (exceptions are tests 5 and 22: reflections at pipe ends are scenario 7; for test 22 the DDT is scenario 5, for test 5 the DDT is scenario 1), format 48.3 x 2.6, most tests at 130 °C Data of pipe Data of C6H12/O2/N2 gas mixture Diameter increase at location of DDT B C Y Z AA AB AC AD AE AF AG AH AI AJ AK AL AM 1 Data of pipe pipe history 2 num- ber of test pipe dimension: outer diameter In Schildberg (2016b) a general overview of the entire detonation issue in pipes is provided (explanation of the 8 different pressure scenarios, experimental technique, definition of pstat, explanation of the key-parameter R, application of pstat for designing pipes detonation pressure resistant, generalization of the results to combustibles other than those tested).
    keywords: ddt; detonation; mixture; pipe; pressure; test
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        item: #227 of 7527
          id: cet-10205
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 1.docx
        date: 2019-10-10
       words: 4028
      flesch: 59
     summary: At lower temperatures, the dominant reaction path for cyclohexane is the H atom abstraction by OH and other radicals, followed by successive additions of oxygen leading to chain branching pathways (Silke 2007). At lower temperatures the difference between the ignition delay times of the individual mixtures is much higher.
    keywords: bar; idt; temperature
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        item: #228 of 7527
          id: cet-1021
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-1021
        date: 2018-01-18
       words: 3502
      flesch: 37
     summary: diesel oil degradation To determine the influence of nutrients on the anoxic degradation of crude oil in coastal sediment, the experiments on the anoxic degradation of No. 0 diesel oil under different nutritional conditions were conducted. Figure 2: Effect of nutrients on the anoxic degradation of No.0 diesel oil in coastal sediment 3.3 Effect of electron acceptors on diesel oil degradation Two kinds of electron acceptors, sulfate ion and nitrate ion, were added respectively to investigate their influence on the anoxic biodegradation of No. 0 diesel oil in Bohai coastal sediment and the results were shown in Figure 3.
    keywords: adsorption; biodegradation; degradation; diesel; electron; nitrate; oil; sediment
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        item: #229 of 7527
          id: cet-1022
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-1022
        date: 2018-01-18
       words: 2787
      flesch: 38
     summary: Surrounded by residential area, the Shahe Gate is closed during sampling with a high percentage of total nitrogen in ammonia nitrogen while the Yangwa Gate, high in nitrate nitrogen due to impact of the Liangshui River in upstream, is surrounded by agricultural area and frequent in gate control. During preliminary stage of cultivation, Treatment 4 was the highest in nitrogen amount, then came Treatment 5, while Treatment 1, 2, 3 were the lowest.
    keywords: adsorption; bacteria; nh4; nitrogen; sediments; treatment; water
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        item: #230 of 7527
          id: cet-1023
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-1023
        date: 2018-01-18
       words: 2862
      flesch: 51
     summary: Tank explosion due to overpressure, F2: Fire blast caused by ignition source, F3: Safety valve failed, F4:Fire source, F5:LPG leakage, F6: Open flame, F7: Electric spark, F8: Thunder-strike spark, F9: Electrostatic spark, F10: Impact spark, F11: Lightning arrestor failed, F12: Furthermore, ATA is used to analyze the fire and explosion accidents of LPG spherical tank, obtain minimal cut set (MCS) that affect the top event, calculate and sort the structural important degree of basic event, confirm the primary factors which affect the accident of the LPG spherical tank, and put forward appropriate prevention measures, thus improving the safety and operation reliability of LPG spherical tank.
    keywords: explosion; factor; fire; lpg; process; safety; tank
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        item: #231 of 7527
          id: cet-1024
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-1024
        date: 2018-01-18
       words: 2551
      flesch: 55
     summary: Table 1: The evaluation indexes of hazardous chemical distribution center First level index Second level index Third level index Hazardous chemical distribution center Natural environment Climatic conditions Geological conditions Hydrologic condition Perennial wind direction Infrastructure Traffic facilities Communal facilities Fire fighting facilities Economic factors Land price Human resources Construction cost Operating cost Environmental protection Impact on the environment Distance from population agglomeration Waste disposal Logistics factors Road accident rate Sound degree of logistics facilities Transportation convenience between upstream and downstream Others Regional industrial structure Relevant policy Government support 3. When we consider the safety problem of the location of hazardous chemical distribution center, we should consider other supply chain problems, such as costs and transportation etc.
    keywords: center; chain; chemical; distribution; supply; w w
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        item: #232 of 7527
          id: cet-1025
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-1025
        date: 2018-01-18
       words: 2939
      flesch: 50
     summary: Hazardous chemicals accident has the following characteristics: 1358 Abrupt: When many hazardous chemicals accidents happen, there is no warning before. The possibility of hazardous chemicals accidents is increasing.
    keywords: accidents; chemicals; grey; model; prediction
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        item: #233 of 7527
          id: cet-1026
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-1026
        date: 2018-01-18
       words: 3177
      flesch: 57
     summary: Li J., Guo D., Di X., 2012, Study on method of coal mine gas accident emergency decision making, Safety in Coal Mines, 43(12), 225-228. SAWS, SACMS, 2016, Coal Mine Safety Regulation, China Coal Industry Publishing House, Beijing, China. Quite a few scholars have studied the emergency rescue in gas explosion accidents (Zaidi et al., 2017).
    keywords: air; coal; emergency; explosion; gas; rescue; rescue team; team
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        item: #234 of 7527
          id: cet-1027
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-1027
        date: 2018-01-18
       words: 3164
      flesch: 48
     summary: Therefore, taking appropriate measures against hazardous chemical emergencies can prevent the deterioration of the situation in time. Emergency management of hazardous chemical emergency must be timely and effective.
    keywords: accident; chain; chemical; emergency; fitness; management; probability; supply
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        item: #235 of 7527
          id: cet-1028
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-1028
        date: 2018-01-18
       words: 3110
      flesch: 58
     summary: Hazardous chemical transportation is affected by the surrounding environment and other factors. Hazardous chemical transportation accident belongs to the low probability and serious consequence event.
    keywords: algorithm; ant; chemical; colony; risk; road; time; transportation
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        item: #236 of 7527
          id: cet-1029
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-1029
        date: 2018-01-18
       words: 3028
      flesch: 60
     summary: Figure 1: Supply chain risk early warning steps The importance of the constructing the risk early-warning system of chemical supply chain is mainly manifested in the following aspects. Specific steps are shown in the following picture Figure 3: Supply chain risk early warning steps The judgment condition is the number of evolutionary times being greater than the maximum number of evolutionary times or the output result being less than the predetermined precision.
    keywords: chain; chemical; chemical supply; risk; supply; supply chain; warning
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        item: #237 of 7527
          id: cet-103
      author: TW
       title: cet-103
        date: 2017-10-04
       words: 2998
      flesch: 55
     summary: Besides, the contribution ratios of the other two design parameters, the thickness and thermal conductivity of grille, are 3.59% and 11.97%, respectively, which also play important roles for composite packed bed design. Where i = N,  or . Table 4: Design parameters and effect of all cases Case Design parameters Tmax (K) SN N (-)  (mm) (W/m·K) 1 1.0 4 7.5 825.26 -58.33 2 1.0 6 15 818.65 -58.26 3 1.0 8 30 813.82 -58.21 4 1.0 10 60 805.92 -58.13 5 1.0 12 120 803.02 -58.09 6 1.5 4 15 1,005.72 -60.05 7 1.5 6 30 986.77 -59.88 8 1.5 8 60 967.63 -59.71 9 1.5 10 120 948.03 -59.54 10 1.5 12 7.5 994.10 -59.95 11 1.6 4 30 1,215.80 -61.70 12 1.6 6 60 1,159.64 -61.29 13 1.6 8 120 1,118.86 -60.98 14 1.6 10 7.5 1,243.86 -61.90 15 1.6 12 15 1,201.25 -61.59 16 1.8 4 60 930.66 -59.38 316 Case Design parameters Tmax (K) SN N (-)  (mm) (W/m·K) 17 1.8 6 120 917.97 -59.26 18 1.8 8 7.5 954.96 -59.60 19 1.8 10 15 943.09 -59.49 20 1.8 12 30 930.98 -59.38 21 2.0 4 120 989.03 -59.90 22 2.0 6 7.5 1,037.51 -60.32 23 2.0 8 15 1,018.58 -60.16 24 2.0 10 30 1,001.05 -60.01 25 2.0 12 60 987.41 -59.89 Table 5: Performance statistics and contribution ratios of parameters SN1 SN2 SN3 SN4 SN5 R CR  -291.02 -299.13 -307.45 -297.10 -300.28 16.42 84.44% 
    keywords: bed; design; diameter; grille; heat; particle; ratio; transfer
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        item: #238 of 7527
          id: cet-1030
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-1030
        date: 2018-01-18
       words: 3236
      flesch: 53
     summary: I I I IL IU IL IUz p z q z p z p z q z q zπ MIU NIU MIL NIL MIU NIUp z p z p z p z q z q z q z
    keywords: interval; transformation; upgrading
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        item: #239 of 7527
          id: cet-1031
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 030.docx
        date: 2018-01-23
       words: 3116
      flesch: 53
     summary: Figure 4: The comparison of product oil production At the same time, we compare the relationship between the amount of oil and energy consumption during the production cycle of one month. According to the production aim, the devices of oil refining production are classified into the following categories: crude oil separation device, heavy oil becoming lighter device, oil upgrading and oil refining equipment, oil blending device, gas processing plant, atmosphere chemical device, production equipment and product analysis centre.
    keywords: algorithm; ant; colony; oil; optimization; process; production; refinery; scheduling
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        item: #240 of 7527
          id: cet-1032
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-1032
        date: 2018-01-18
       words: 3311
      flesch: 33
     summary: The results indicate that: during pure gasoline explosion, the explosion pressure shall reach to the peak firstly and then reduce gradually, and explosion pressure shall increase obviously and explosion pressure rising rate shall rise apparently along with rising of gasoline concentration; when gasoline concentration remains unchanged, explosion pressure shall drop and explosion pressure rising rate shall increase obviously along with increment of water humidity; following rising of methane concentration, explosion pressure of the mixed gas of gasoline and water show the trend of rising before damping. Along with continuous rising of the methane concentration, explosion pressure and explosion pressure rising rate all show damping trend.
    keywords: explosion; explosion pressure; gas; gasoline; pressure; rate; rising; water
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        item: #241 of 7527
          id: cet-1033
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-1033
        date: 2018-01-18
       words: 2733
      flesch: 42
     summary: Figure 5: Framework of hazardous chemicals delivery management system based on RFID RFID based on delivery process of hazardous chemicals storage management system can avoid manual writing and reduce the error rate. Figure 2: Framework of hazardous chemicals storage management system based on RFID 4.1 Warehousing operation Warehousing operation process is as follows.
    keywords: chemicals; management; management system; rfid; storage; system; technology
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        item: #242 of 7527
          id: cet-1034
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-1034
        date: 2018-01-18
       words: 2211
      flesch: 47
     summary: In the construction of urban green space system, the selection and arrangement of green plants is very important, which is directly related to the ecological function of green space system and the value of landscape aesthetics. 1415 Reference Bergkamp G., 1995, A hierarchical approach for desertification assessment, Environmental Monitoring & Assessment, 37(1-3), 59-78, DOI: 10.1007/BF00546880 Cong G., Gao J., Wang G., 2012, Design of intelligent maintenance decision-making system for fixed equipment in petrochemical plants, International Conference on Web Information System & Minging, 7529 :402-413, DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-33469-6_52 Klijn F., Haes H.A.U.D., 1994, A hierarchical approach to ecosystems and its implications for ecological land classification, Landscape Ecology, 9(2), 89-104, DOI: 10.1007/bf00124376 Kylafis G., Loreau M., 2011, Niche construction in the light of niche theory.
    keywords: construction; control; green; petrochemical; plant; pollution; space; water
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        item: #243 of 7527
          id: cet-1035
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-1035
        date: 2018-01-18
       words: 2521
      flesch: 49
     summary: DOI: 10.3303/CET1762237 Please cite this article as: Yezhu Cui, Yongjin Xie, 2017, Research on the optimization of logistics simulation to the container yard gate system of hazardous chemicals port, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 62, 1417-1422 DOI:10.3303/CET1762237 1417 As for hazardous chemicals, the following precaution measures must be taken: (1) Prevent the polymerization and explosion of gas. Schematic diagram of layout and work flow of container yard gate system is shown in Figure 2. To optimize the container yard gate system in port, objective function of optimization is the largest number of trucks passing the gate during one day.
    keywords: chemicals; gate; handling; port; system; transport; yard
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        item: #244 of 7527
          id: cet-1036
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-1036
        date: 2018-01-18
       words: 2350
      flesch: 40
     summary: Reference Afgan N.H., Carvalho M.D.G., 2008, Sustainable energy development, Renewable & Sustainable Energy Reviews, 2(3), 235-286. Anderson S.W., 2006, Managing costs and cost structure throughout the value chain: research on strategic cost management, Handbooks of Management Accounting Research, 2(6), 481-506, DOI: 10.1016/s1751- 3243(06)02001-3 Anderson S.W., Dekker H.C., 2009, Strategic cost management in supply chains, part 1: structural cost management, Social Science Electronic Publishing, 23(2), 201-220, DOI: 10.2308/acch.2009.23.2.201 Anderson S.W., Dekker H.C., 2009, Strategic cost management in supply chains, part 2: executional cost management, Accounting Horizons, 23(3), 289-305, DOI: 10.2308/acch.2009.23.3.289 Dubois A., 2003, Strategic cost management across boundaries of firms, Industrial Marketing Management, 32(5), 365-374, DOI: 10.1016/s0019-8501(03)00010-5 He Y., 2004, Summary of the research on strategic cost management, Journal of Beijing Technology & Business University, 81(7), 64-70. 10.1108/02635570310497639 Maiga A.S., 2015, Information systems integration and firm profitability: mediating effect of cost management strategy, Advances in Management Accounting, 25, 149-179, DOI: 10.1108/s1474-787120150000025004 Markovska N., Taseska V., Pop-Jordanov J., 2009, Swot analyses of the national energy sector for sustainable energy development, Energy, 34(6), 752-756, DOI: 10.1016/j.energy.2009.02.006 McNair C.J., Polutnik L., Silvi R., 2001, Cost management and value creation: the missing link, European Accounting Review, 10(1), 33-50, DOI: 10.1080/0963810020025321 Ren X.H., Zhang Y.M., 2015, The optimal size of China’s strategic petroleum reserve, Mathematical Modelling of Engineering Problems, 2(3), 13-16, DOI: 10.18280/mmep.020304 Sendilvelan S., Sundarraj C., 2016, Performance and emission study on a dual fuel engine with modified gas inlet, International Journal of Heat and Technology, 34(3), 545-550, DOI: 10.18280/ijht.340328 Shank J.K., Govindarajan V., 1992, Strategic cost management: the value chain perspective, Journal of Management Accounting Research, 4, 179-197. Slagmulder R., Cooper R., 2003, Strategic cost management, expanding scope and boundaries, Journal of Cost Management, 17(1), 23-30. Stanley C., 2015, Strategic cost management and performance, the case of environmental costs, British Accounting Review, 48(2), 269-282, DOI: 10.1080/0969160x.2017.1345812 Wu G., 2009, The cost drivers, revenue drivers, and value chain analysis in strategic management accounting, International Journal of Knowledge Culture & Change Management, 9(2), 69-77, DOI: 10.18848/1447- 9524/cgp/v09i02/49685 1428
    keywords: cost; degree; factors; influence; management; petrochemical; projects
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        item: #245 of 7527
          id: cet-1037
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-1037
        date: 2018-01-18
       words: 3304
      flesch: 52
     summary: From the perspective of lead time, this paper analyses the influence of forecasting methods on supply chain bullwhip effect and supply chain stability. From the perspective of lead time, this paper analyses the influence of forecasting methods on supply chain bullwhip effect and supply chain stability.
    keywords: bullwhip; chain; effect; supply; t t;  
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        item: #246 of 7527
          id: cet-1038
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-1038
        date: 2018-01-18
       words: 2864
      flesch: 62
     summary: There are many risk control methods, such as AHP, fault tree method and risk index method. In the analytic hierarchy process, the construction of judgment matrix is the key in the whole analysis process, which determines the success or failure of the analysis process.
    keywords: judgment; matrix; risk;  ;  
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        item: #247 of 7527
          id: cet-1039
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-1039
        date: 2018-01-18
       words: 3414
      flesch: 55
     summary: It is worth to note that in chemical industry, enterprise value is different to other general enterprises. Enterprise value denotes the value that an enterprise can create, which has been widely applied venture investment, financing, enterprise annexation and so on (Krishna, 2016; Xu, 2014).
    keywords: chemical; decision; enterprise; len; similarity; value
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        item: #248 of 7527
          id: cet-104
      author: TW
       title: cet-104
        date: 2017-10-04
       words: 2224
      flesch: 52
     summary: Conclusions Numerical simulations for a special-purpose computer were investigated, and temperature distributions were studied by using the software Flotherm. Partial high temperature of the power supply will lower the performance and reliability of internal components, and structure aging and failure are accelerated by the high temperature distribution.
    keywords: figure; heat; motherboard; power; results; temperature
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        item: #249 of 7527
          id: cet-1040
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-1040
        date: 2018-01-18
       words: 3173
      flesch: 60
     summary: Gas source location is a method to predict the location of gas leak points by combining gas concentration detection and gas diffusion models, can help us to warn of the leakage of dangerous gas. Thirdly, aiming at the problem of large computational complexity of traditional model, an improved particle swarm algorithm for gas source location is proposed by combining force-directed algorithm.
    keywords: algorithm; gas; location; source; | |;  
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        item: #250 of 7527
          id: cet-1041
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-1041
        date: 2018-01-18
       words: 3208
      flesch: 53
     summary: Bao and Xu (2011) have the established stepwise regression analysis model, ARMA model, neural network model based on time series analysis and neural network model based on regression analysis. Firstly, the self- adaption method is used to change the learning rate of BP algorithm to control the gradient descent speed of BP neural network in learning, and then to improve the convergence characteristics of standard BP algorithm.
    keywords: model; network; neural; oxygen; sewage; treatment; water
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        item: #251 of 7527
          id: cet-1042
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-1042
        date: 2018-01-18
       words: 3198
      flesch: 52
     summary: Meanwhile, although the existing studies have been focused on risk management of chemical industry, there are still some problems such as a rational method to assess chemical risk. Although the existing studies have been focused on risk management of chemical industry, there are still some problems such as a rational method to assess chemical risk (Zhou, 2016).
    keywords: assessment; chemical; consensus; decision; group; l(good; method; risk
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        item: #252 of 7527
          id: cet-1043
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-1043
        date: 2018-01-18
       words: 2805
      flesch: 43
     summary: Jiang X.L., 2002, The role of project cost management in local economic and social development, Human Molecular Genetics, 11(26), 3345-3350. Kohl B., Wulke R. J., 2004, Supplementing accounting systems for project cost management, Aace International Transactions, IT31. 1469 Lenior T.M.J., Verhoeven J.H.M., 1990, Implementation of human factors in the management of large-scale industrial investment projects: a management point of view and ergonomics practice, Ergonomics, 33(5), 643-653, DOI: 10.1080/00140139008927175 Liang, 2014, The application of modem cost management in real estate enterprise.
    keywords: chemical; costs; cycle; engineering; lcc; life; management; phase; projects; scale
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        item: #253 of 7527
          id: cet-1044
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-1044
        date: 2018-01-18
       words: 2734
      flesch: 34
     summary: Conclusion In terms of high water cut reservoir, as the reservoir engineering method often can't reflect the potential of water flooding development, this paper selects geological and development factors with the grey correlation 1475 method combined with the Delphi method so as to establish an evaluation system of the water drive development potential at high water cut reservoirs for multi-level fuzzy comprehensive evaluation in combination of chromatography analysis and fuzzy evaluation methods. For high water cut reservoirs, the traditional reservoir engineering methods considering single factor is not comprehensive, making it difficult to reflect the potential of reservoir water flooding development.
    keywords: development; evaluation; flooding; index; method; potential; reservoir; water
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        item: #254 of 7527
          id: cet-1045
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-1045
        date: 2018-01-18
       words: 2749
      flesch: 23
     summary: 3. Empirical Study on Agglomeration of Chemical Industry and Regional Economic Growth in the Yangtze River Delta 3.1 Advantages of agglomerational development of chemical industries in cities along the Yangtze River From the data of Figure 1, it can be seen that the location entropy index of chemical industry in Nanjing is greater than 1.5, with a continuous growth trend. DOI: 10.3303/CET1762247 Please cite this article as: Rongrong Zhou, 2017, Empirical study on the relationship between chemical industry agglomeration and regional economic growth in anhui province, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 62, 1477-1482 DOI:10.3303/CET1762247 1477 2.
    keywords: agglomeration; chemical; chemical industry; industry; river; yangtze
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        item: #255 of 7527
          id: cet-10452
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-10452
        date: 2019-10-17
       words: 3444
      flesch: 62
     summary: The boundaries (as shown in Figure 1) of our analysis the emission associated with: life cycle of the emission within the capture plant for CO2 capture, transport from the emission source to the storage sink, oil extraction, crude oil refining, CO2 storage, and combustion of refined petroleum products. From the comparisons between the reference system and the CCUS supply chain, it can be found that although the life cycle stages of CCUS supply chain will discharge 37.108 Mt CO2 equivalent/y, however the system still reduces about 50 % of the total CO2 emission, due to its remarkable contribution in CO2 storage.
    keywords: capture; ccus; chain; co2; emission; life; supply
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        item: #256 of 7527
          id: cet-10453
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-10453
        date: 2019-10-17
       words: 3592
      flesch: 45
     summary: In particular, the food, paper, electroplating, metalworking and chemical industries are suited for heat pump integration with their unit operations of cooling, bathing and process heating, domestic hot water (DHW), drying and space heating. From a compressor efficiency point of view, single-stage heat pumps should not exceed a temperature lift of about 50 K. Eq(1) assesses the environmental and economic feasibility of heat pump integrations.
    keywords: energy; figure; gcc; heat; integration; pinch; process; pump; temperature; 𝛥𝑇𝐻𝐸𝑋
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        item: #257 of 7527
          id: cet-10454
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-10454
        date: 2019-10-17
       words: 3795
      flesch: 37
     summary: The scope of this mini-review includes: current energy use, eco-efficiency aspects in chemical process industry, Process Integration for heat recovery, thermal energy upgrade by heat pumps, and advanced distillation technologies (reactive distillation, dividing-wall column, cyclic distillation) that can significantly reduce the energy usage and the carbon footprint of the modern chemical plants. Kiss A. A., Infante Ferreira C. A., 2016, Heat pumps in chemical process industry, Taylor & Francis, BR, US.
    keywords: chemical; distillation; efficiency; energy; heat; industry; kiss; process; use; ×109
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        item: #258 of 7527
          id: cet-10455
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-10455
        date: 2019-10-17
       words: 3552
      flesch: 54
     summary: Fidel et al. (2019) studied GHG emissions when biochar ended on the soil. It facilitates the selection of biomass utilisation where the highest possible profit and lowest GHG emissions indicate the optimal choice.
    keywords: biochar; biomass; decision; energy; ghg; intensity; making; price; pyrolysis; tool
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        item: #259 of 7527
          id: cet-10456
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-10456
        date: 2019-10-17
       words: 2773
      flesch: 47
     summary: Study on feasibility of reactive distillation process for the direct hydration of cyclohexene to cyclohexanol using a cosolvent. Figure 4: Novel process scheme distillation temperature profile 28 Figure 5 shows a clear tendency at the lower section to increase the cyclohexanol (NOL) purity and a low amount of water that has been eliminated in the decanter.
    keywords: column; cyclohexanol; cyclohexene; distillation; process; reaction; water
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        item: #260 of 7527
          id: cet-10457
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-10457
        date: 2019-10-17
       words: 2460
      flesch: 44
     summary: Enhanced heat transfer tubes are important options to be considered in the design of high efficiency systems. References Aroonrat K., Wongwises S., 2019, Experimental investigation of condensation heat transfer and pressure drop of R-134a flowing inside dimpled tubes with different dimpled depths, International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, 128, 783-793. Fernandez-Seara J, Uhía F J, Diz R, 2010, Vapour condensation of R22 retrofit substitutes R417A, R422A and R422D on CuNi turbo C tubes.
    keywords: coefficient; condensation; flux; heat; quality; transfer; tubes
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        item: #261 of 7527
          id: cet-10458
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-10458
        date: 2019-10-17
       words: 2819
      flesch: 66
     summary: Jiménez-Gutiérrez et al. (2014) presented a model for the synthesis of water networks with a simultaneous integration of energy, mass and properties. The current water network 2.1 Structure of water network
    keywords: j p; water
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        item: #262 of 7527
          id: cet-10459
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-10459
        date: 2019-10-17
       words: 3944
      flesch: 58
     summary: In a different approach, Liu et al. (2018) present a design methodology based on the optimization by MINL where the design of coolers is included and water flow rates are optimized as well. If fouling is increased, the pressure drop will also increase causing a further re-distribution in flow rate.
    keywords: branch; figure; flow; fouling; heat; network; pressure; rate
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        item: #263 of 7527
          id: cet-1046
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-1046
        date: 2018-01-18
       words: 3002
      flesch: 41
     summary: Based on the full analysis for logistics resources of chemical bases, the transportation resources, storage resources, DOI: 10.3303/CET1762248 Please cite this article as: Yamei Pan, 2017, Evaluation of logistics resource allocation efficiency in chemical industry base, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 62, 1483-1488 DOI:10.3303/CET1762248 1483 loading and unloading resources and circulation processing resources of the chemical base logistics input link are taken as input indexes, while the demand for coal is taken as output index. 3.2 Evaluation and analysis of input logistics resource allocation efficiency of base projects According to the input logistics traffic statistics data and the current logistics resources in the base, the basic data of the logistics resources and the daily coal demand of each project are obtained in table 4 (Holden, et al., 2016).
    keywords: allocation; base; chemical; coal; efficiency; evaluation; input; logistics; resource; system
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        item: #264 of 7527
          id: cet-10460
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-10460
        date: 2019-10-17
       words: 4388
      flesch: 45
     summary: Mass exchange network synthesis (MENS) is can be used to achieve these sustainability and economic objectives by optimally allocating mass separating agents (MSAs), in mass exchangers, to streams rich in pollutant species to reduce their concentration to desired levels. In this paper, a review of the methodologies that have been applied to the synthesis of mass exchange networks is presented, including their chronology.
    keywords: based; chemical; engineering; exchange; fraser; mass; mens; networks; streams; synthesis
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        item: #265 of 7527
          id: cet-10461
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-10461
        date: 2019-10-17
       words: 3586
      flesch: 51
     summary: Model formulation The carbon emission of the system is affected by the amount of coal which is replaced by biomass, the amount of carbon emissions generated from the transport of biomass to the powerplant and the transport of biochar from the powerplant to the biochar sinks, and the amount of CO2 that is sequestered from the atmosphere as a result of biochar application to the soil. It is desired to minimize the total amount of carbon emissions, but this objective needs to be met while limiting fuzzy contamination limits at the application site.
    keywords: biochar; biomass; carbon; emissions; firing; model; plants; power
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        item: #266 of 7527
          id: cet-10462
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-10462
        date: 2019-10-17
       words: 3995
      flesch: 54
     summary: The application of the proposed approach is illustrated by example in which the resulted WPHE with the cross flow in one pass and overall symmetric counterflow of streams has shown a reduction of heat transfer area 25 % compared to previously tested in industry WPHE with unsymmetric passes arrangement. The modelling of WPHE with passes numbers n = 3 and more gives the size of heat transfer area in the range from 60 to 80 m2, but in this case, the constraints applied by WPHE construction features and the need of its adjustment in the high-pressure shell has to be accounted for.
    keywords: area; design; flow; heat; heat transfer; plate; transfer; wphe
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        item: #267 of 7527
          id: cet-10463
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-10463
        date: 2019-10-17
       words: 4229
      flesch: 55
     summary: Other provide DE reasoning limited to specific issues excluding process streams from selection (Al-Riyami et al., 2001) or provide more complete reasoning in the case analysis description (Kravanja et al., 2013). The first step involves obtaining a description of the site, including an overall diagram of process connections and the utility system, main parameters – as processing capacities, process energy demand, primary energy demand, heat and power generation and waste energy flows.
    keywords: data; energy; heat; integration; process; reasoning; site; streams
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        item: #268 of 7527
          id: cet-10464
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-10464
        date: 2019-10-17
       words: 3764
      flesch: 57
     summary: ghgj denotes the kg of CO2-equivalent emissions created during the extraction, refining, and end use of crude oil j, which can be found using tools such as the Oil Production Greenhouse Gas Emissions Estimator (El-Houjeiri et al., 2013). i j k   (10) Where Cj refers to the cost of oil j and Xj,k is the binary variable decision to buy ak lots of oil j. sc, sdisj, pc, pdisj, tc, and tdisj are the shipping, piping, and trucking costs and distances, where the distances are indexed by j because each transportation distance will be oil-specific.
    keywords: bilevel; j j; j k; k k; leader; oil; oils
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        item: #269 of 7527
          id: cet-10465
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-10465
        date: 2019-10-17
       words: 3782
      flesch: 47
     summary: The natural gas cost (1.41 Ringgit Malaysia (RM)/kg) to fulfil the boiler load with a boiler efficiency of 80 % is calculated for the financial analysis of heat energy demand. Therefore, the idea of energy conservation is necessary to mitigate climate change through improving energy efficiency or reducing energy demand.
    keywords: demand; electricity; energy; heat; power; storage; system; table
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        item: #270 of 7527
          id: cet-10466
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-10466
        date: 2019-10-17
       words: 3429
      flesch: 62
     summary: A publication of The Italian Association of Chemical Engineering Online at www.aidic.it/cet Guest Editors: Petar S. Varbanov, Timothy G. Walmsley, Jiří J. Klemeš, Panos Seferlis Copyright © 2019, AIDIC Servizi S.r.l. ISBN 978-88-95608-73-0; ISSN 2283-9216 Computational Method Study on Drag Coefficient of Butterfly Porous Fence Zhenya Duana, Zhujun Lana, Jin Sud, Kai Wanga, Chi Zhoua,b, Junmei Zhangc,* aElectromechanical Engineering College, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, China bShanghai Turing Info Technology Co., Ltd, Shanghai, China cCollege of Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, China dQingdao Changlong Power Equipment Co., Ltd, Qingdao, China qust_zyduan@163.com To study the drag coefficient of butterfly porous fence, this study proposes the computational model of butterfly porous fence based on the wind tunnel experiment. He studied the drag coefficient of butterfly porous fence by means of pressure measurement and force measurement, which obtained the linear expression of the drag coefficient of the porous fence under different aperture.
    keywords: butterfly; coefficient; drag; fence; simulation; speed; wind
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        item: #271 of 7527
          id: cet-10467
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-10467
        date: 2019-10-17
       words: 3816
      flesch: 44
     summary: The residual activity of immobilized enzyme laccase in the form of CLEA or mCLEA (A (%)) was calculated using Eq(5). If the treatment is carried out under less harsh conditions, the protein advanced structure can be maintained or a minor structural change may be possible to induce an alternative active protein state in order to change or even improve enzyme activity (Knez et al., 2005) and stability (Habulin et al., 2007).
    keywords: activity; co2; enzyme; form; immobilization; laccase; mclea; mpa
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        item: #272 of 7527
          id: cet-10468
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-10468
        date: 2019-10-17
       words: 4244
      flesch: 47
     summary: Each category contains subcategories; seven different-statistically discernible energy mix scenarios (moving from coal through natural gas towards biomass) assisted by Monte Carlo simulation are defined to assess environmental impacts. Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) is a commonly utilised tool to analyse environmental impacts.
    keywords: biomass; dairy; energy; environmental; figure; gas; impact; processing; scenario
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        item: #273 of 7527
          id: cet-10469
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-10469
        date: 2019-10-17
       words: 3504
      flesch: 43
     summary: Both calcined Mg2AlO and reduced Cu0.3Mg1.7AlO catalysts are thus mesoporous materials because their pore diameters are in the range of 133.4 - 152.5 Å. a determined using BET, b determined using TPD-NH3, c determined using TPD-CO2 3.2 Catalytic activity The calcined Mg2AlO and reduced Cu0.3Mg1.7AlO catalysts were tested for their activity on the glycerol co-fed with bio-ethanol.
    keywords: acid; catalyst; conversion; ethanol; glycerol; ldh; reduced
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        item: #274 of 7527
          id: cet-1047
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-1047
        date: 2018-01-18
       words: 2584
      flesch: 29
     summary: DOI: 10.1016/j.partic.2012.11.001 1493 Lu B., Qi Q., Yang Y., 2014, Insights on the development progress of National Demonstration eco-industrial parks in China, Journal of Cleaner Production, 70, 4-14, DOI: 10.1016/j.jclepro.2014.01.084 Ma S.H., Wen Z., Chen J., Wen Z., 2014, Mode of circular economy in China's iron and steel industry: a case study in Wu'an city, Journal of Cleaner Production, 64, 505-512, DOI: 10.1016/j.jclepro.2013.10.008 Ma S.J., Hu S., Chen D., 2015, A case study of a phosphorus chemical firm's application of resource efficiency and eco-efficiency in industrial metabolism under circular economy, Journal of Cleaner Production, 87, 839-849, DOI: 10.1016/j.jclepro.2014.10.059 Michael L., Amir R., 2016, Towards circular economy implementation: a comprehensive review in context of manufacturing industry, Journal of Cleaner Production, 115, 36-51, DOI: 10.1016/j.jclepro.2015.12.042 Ming P., Janusz S., Jethro A., 2016, Design technologies for eco-industrial parks: From unit operations to processes plants and industrial networks, Applied Energy, 175, 305-323, DOI: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2016.05.019 Miriã F., Daniel A., Kleber E., 2016, Industrial symbiosis indicators to manage eco-industrial parks as dynamic systems, Journal of Cleaner Production, 118, 54-56, DOI: 10.1016/j.jclepro.2016.01.031 Patrizia G., Catia C., Sergio U., 2016, A review on circular economy: the expected transition to a balanced interplay of environmental and economic systems, Journal of Cleaner Production, 114, 11-32, DOI: 10.1016/j.jclepro.2015.09.007 Roger A.S., 2016, Green chemistry and resource efficiency: towards a green economy, Green Chem, 18, 3180-3183, DOI: 10.1039/C6GC90040B Shu Y.P., Michael A.D., Te H., 2015, Strategies on implementation of waste-to-energy (WTE) supply chain for circular economy system: a review, Journal of Cleaner Production, 108, 409-421, DOI: 10.1016/j.jclepro.2015.06.124 Yao Z., Jian G.L., Bingchen Z., Wen H., Yi R.W., 2014, Adaptive Total Variation Regularization Based SAR Image Despeckling and Despeckling Evaluation Index, IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing, 53(5), 2765-2774, DOI: 10.1109/TGRS.2014.2364525 Zhou Z., Zhao W., Chen X., Zeng H., 2017, MFCA extension from a circular economy perspective: Model modifications and case study, Journal of Cleaner Production, 149, 110-125, DOI: 10.1016/j.jclepro.2017.02.049 Zhu Q.H., Geng Y., Joseph S., 2015, Barriers to Promoting Eco-Industrial Parks Development in China, Journal of Industrial Ecology, 19(3), 457-467, DOI: 10.1111/jiec.12176 1494 The development of circular economy evaluation index system is the basic work to quantify the development of circular economy.
    keywords: economy; flow; industry; material; petrochemical; resource; system; waste
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        item: #275 of 7527
          id: cet-10470
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-10470
        date: 2019-10-17
       words: 3513
      flesch: 45
     summary: Kuljiraseth J., Wangriya A., Malones J., Klysubun W., Jitkarnka S., 2019, Synthesis and characterization of AMO LDH-derived mixed oxides with various Mg/Al ratios as acid–basic catalysts for esterification of benzoic acid with 2-ethylhexanol, Applied Catalysis B: Environmental, 243, 415-427. Moreover, Zr also helped to increase the oxygen mobility in the Ce structure, and enhanced the vacancy formation, which was related to the stabilization of active phase of catalyst.
    keywords: 1,2; acid; catalyst; conversion; ethanol; glycerol; propanediol; sites
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        item: #276 of 7527
          id: cet-10471
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-10471
        date: 2019-10-17
       words: 3371
      flesch: 48
     summary: Among these products, the catalytic synthesis of 1,2-propanediol from glycerol is more attractive than the others because of lower price and less toxicity than the conventional petroleum-based propylene oxide synthesis (Talebian-Kiakalaieh et al., 2014).1,2-Propanediol, or 1,2-PDO, can be produced from glycerol via the reaction called glycerol hydrogenolysis, where a C-O single bond is broken down in the presence of hydrogen. Generally, the mechanism of glycerol hydrogenolysis was proposed in different pathways, depending on acidic or basic environment of supports such as ZnO and Al2O3 (Chaminand et al., 2004), activated carbon (Maris et al., 2007), and MgO (Guo et al., 2011).
    keywords: catalysts; conversion; ethanol; feed; glycerol; hydrogenolysis; mg2alo; pdo
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        item: #277 of 7527
          id: cet-10472
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-10472
        date: 2019-10-17
       words: 3487
      flesch: 50
     summary: Rizos, V, Behrens, A, van der Gaast, W, Hofman, E, Ioannou, A, Kafyeke, T, Flamos, A, Rinaldi, R, Papadelis, S., Hirshnitz-Garbers, M., Topi, C., 2016, Implementation of circular economy business models by small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs): barriers and enablers, Sustainability, 8(11), 1212. Zheng, T, Wu, J, Xie, X, Chen, F, 2011, Analysis of technology innovation factors in circular economy system, 2011 International Conference on Information Management, Innovation Management and Industrial Engineering, 2, 415–418.
    keywords: barriers; causal; drivers; economy; et al; matrix; study
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        item: #278 of 7527
          id: cet-10473
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-10473
        date: 2019-10-17
       words: 3015
      flesch: 45
     summary: A slight change in concentration was noted after visible light irradiation, this suggests that the bandgap of the catalyst is too wide for it to be activated by visible light. This has led to concerted efforts in the development of photocatalysts with bandgap energies compatible with the energy of photons of visible light emitted by the sun (Ganeshraja et al., 2018).
    keywords: activity; agcl; biocl; degradation; irradiation; light; phenol; photocatalytic
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        item: #279 of 7527
          id: cet-10474
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-10474
        date: 2019-10-17
       words: 4086
      flesch: 42
     summary: Servaes K., Varhimo A., Dubreuil M., Bulut M., Vandezande P., Siika-aho M., Sirviö J., Kruus K., Porto-Carrero W., Bongers B., 2017, Purification and concentration of lignin from the spent liquor of the alkaline oxidation of woody biomass through membrane separation technology, Industrial Crops and Products, 106, 86–96. Stade S., Kallioinen M., Mikkola A., Tuuva T., Mänttäri M., 2013, Reversible and irreversible compaction of ultrafiltration membranes, Separation and Purification Technology, 118, 127–134. The compaction behaviour of used membranes has been assessed in detail to provide sufficient data for later pressure optimization via minimization of total cost of ownership for the membrane separation step.
    keywords: feed; membrane; nanolignin; particles; permeance; production; separation; ultrafiltration
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        item: #280 of 7527
          id: cet-10475
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-10475
        date: 2019-10-17
       words: 3901
      flesch: 63
     summary: TSCI utilisation rule 1 is for the demand requires a higher CO2 purity (PCO2,D,i) (example 99%) than that accumulation of header CO2 purity (PHi,i-1) in the header (example 86%). A methodology of CO2 integration management by maximising the recovery of CO2 for future utilisation and minimising CO2 to be sent for sequestration through centralised CO2 headers or known as CO2 Total Site has been developed.
    keywords: co2; header; purity; scenario; storage
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        item: #281 of 7527
          id: cet-10476
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-10476
        date: 2019-10-17
       words: 3119
      flesch: 51
     summary: Eq(1) is valid for coal sulphur content and particle size fraction studied. 146 3.2 Variation of biomass concentration during biodesulphurization Figure 1 depicts the variations of the biomass concentration and growth curve for cultures studied. Furthermore, Pseudomonas putida bacterium is an effective microbial culture capable to decrease coal organic sulphur.
    keywords: cells; coal; model; pseudomonas; sulphur; 𝑆𝑜𝑢𝑡
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        item: #282 of 7527
          id: cet-10477
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-10477
        date: 2019-10-17
       words: 3805
      flesch: 33
     summary: Figure 3: The synthesis scheme of block ceramic catalyst carriers 154 For the synthesis of block ceramic materials, a series of compositions based on natural aluminosilicates and metallurgical slags have been prepared. The synthesis of ceramic block catalyst carrier was carried out based on classical methods of powder metallurgy, in which moulding compounds were prepared from the starting materials in the form of powders, which were then extruded with thermal training at each stage.
    keywords: block; carriers; catalyst; ceramic; materials; mixture; production; slag; strength; use
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        item: #283 of 7527
          id: cet-10478
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-10478
        date: 2019-10-17
       words: 3942
      flesch: 48
     summary: Conclusions The model discussed in this paper represents a robust way to estimate flow distribution in a system consisting of a large set of parallel flow channels. Process engineers can therefore use it to effortlessly estimate flow distribution in many different geometries, and then use CFD to evaluate in detail only the promising ones.
    keywords: distribution; edge; engineering; flow; fluid; mass; model; pressure
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        item: #284 of 7527
          id: cet-10479
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-10479
        date: 2019-10-17
       words: 3416
      flesch: 56
     summary: Some type of polymeric material can act as an adsorbent for VOC removal, mostly in the treatment of wastewater. Their application can be a great tool for decision makers when deciding which process can be applied for VOC removal.
    keywords: case; figure; gas; models; particle; removal; scale; voc
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        item: #285 of 7527
          id: cet-1048
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-1048
        date: 2018-01-18
       words: 2998
      flesch: 43
     summary: In order to solve the problem of fuel consumption in logistics transportation, a better path planning is designed to reduce the fuel consumption of logistics from the point of vehicle path planning. First, the three factors are disassembled separately, and the results are checked individually, which is easier to discover the performance improvements brought about by various improvements (i.e., the decrease of fuel consumption).
    keywords: algorithm; ant; colony; consumption; fuel; fuel consumption; logistics; path; vehicle
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        item: #286 of 7527
          id: cet-10480
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-10480
        date: 2019-10-17
       words: 3322
      flesch: 54
     summary: Results of recirculation measurements indicate a relation between time consumption to reach 95 % homogeneity and tank geometry. In Figure 5 the concentration difference between the two sampling points was compared in varied tank geometry.
    keywords: concentration; geometry; homogeneity; inlet; liquid; tank; time
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        item: #287 of 7527
          id: cet-10481
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-10481
        date: 2019-10-17
       words: 3793
      flesch: 54
     summary: CFD-DEM coupling was carried out to simulate particle flow in many research fields such as crystallisation (Kerst et al., 2017) and fluidisation (Zhang et al., 2015). Solid particles with greater density than the density of the fluid in still liquid also show settling behaviour due to natural gravity.
    keywords: boundary; flow; fluid; method; model; modelling; particle; phase; settling; velocity
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        item: #288 of 7527
          id: cet-10482
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-10482
        date: 2019-10-17
       words: 2887
      flesch: 43
     summary: All the literature studies that examine the flow around drone propellers, to the authors knowledge, adopt simple linear eddy-viscosity turbulence models combining them with the rotating reference frame approach, or with modelling the actual rotating propeller wall. As a result, it was considered a good approach to proceed with calculations with turbulence models that adopt different modelling philosophies.
    keywords: drone; figure; modelling; models; order; propeller; quadcopter; turbulence
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        item: #289 of 7527
          id: cet-10483
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-10483
        date: 2019-10-17
       words: 3094
      flesch: 39
     summary: Based on these findings, an experimental and numerical approach for aerodynamic assessment of a typical wind tunnel blade airfoil regarding low Reynolds numbers was carried out in this paper, to cover the literature gap. Only in 2016, wind turbines with the ability to produce more than 54 GW were erected (Pfaffel et al., 2017).
    keywords: airfoil; cfd; energy; flow; models; numbers; reynolds; turbine; turbulence; wind
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        item: #290 of 7527
          id: cet-10484
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-10484
        date: 2019-10-17
       words: 4151
      flesch: 49
     summary: 4. Discussion A clear difference in blood flow pressure loss over the membrane can be observed for the two applied viscosity models. Figure 2: a) Pressure drop in the prototype module in dependency of blood flow rate, determined by experiments (x) and CFD using different viscosity models: Newtonian (█) and power law (▲).
    keywords: blood; co2; fiber; flow; gas; membrane; min; module; packing; pressure; prototype; transport
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        item: #291 of 7527
          id: cet-10485
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-10485
        date: 2019-10-17
       words: 4447
      flesch: 50
     summary: Electrokinetic soil remediation — critical overview. Comparison of electrokinetic soil remediation methods using one fixed anode and approaching anodes.
    keywords: cathode; current; electrode; oil; remediation; soil; spacing; water
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        item: #292 of 7527
          id: cet-10486
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-10486
        date: 2019-10-17
       words: 2784
      flesch: 51
     summary: For a process that involves different forms of energy, this may be measured in terms of exergy efficiency. Through exergy analysis, the most inefficient parts of the process are determined.
    keywords: analysis; biomass; efficiency; exergy; process; section
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        item: #293 of 7527
          id: cet-10487
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-10487
        date: 2019-10-17
       words: 4463
      flesch: 47
     summary: The reason for high energy and water consumption in the steel industry is rather apparent: a large amount of electricity or fuels such as coal is transformed into heat in order to process the iron ore and/or to melt the scrap steel into the melt. Figure 2 shows the detailed results presented by Gao et al. (2017) for the case a) considering the water quantity and b) considering the water quality. a) b) Figure 2: Water consumption in the production chain of steel industry: a) considering water quantity only, b) considering water quality using water quality analysis.
    keywords: casting; consumption; cooling; energy; industry; reduction; steel; steel industry; water; water consumption
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        item: #294 of 7527
          id: cet-10488
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-10488
        date: 2019-10-17
       words: 3671
      flesch: 47
     summary: Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) of aluminium production is important in order to mitigate or reduce GHG emissions. Two different smelting technologies for aluminium production - Søderberg and prebake - are in operation today.
    keywords: aluminium; carbon; co2; electrolysis; emissions; ghg; impact; plant; production; slug; study
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        item: #295 of 7527
          id: cet-10489
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-10489
        date: 2019-10-17
       words: 3216
      flesch: 52
     summary: Figure 3: Product carbon footprint of one bottle (70 cl) of classic gin. Alvarez S., Rubio A., 2015a, Compound method based on financial accounts versus process-based analysis in product carbon footprint: a comparison using wood pallets, Ecological Indicators, 49, 88-94.
    keywords: bottle; carbon; corporate; emissions; footprint; pcf; production
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        item: #296 of 7527
          id: cet-1049
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-1049
        date: 2018-01-18
       words: 3232
      flesch: 40
     summary: Therefore, green plants can effectively improve water pollution, soil pollution and noise pollution. In the planning of garden green space, plant diversity is not only reflected in the diversity of plant species, but also should be diversified in the DOI: 10.3303/CET1762251 Please cite this article as: Ren Wang, 2017, Study on the construction of garden green space in petrochemical enterprises, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 62, 1501-1506 DOI:10.3303/CET1762251 1501 aspects of plant ecology, specifications, configuration techniques, and shrubs (Pérez-López et al., 2014).
    keywords: construction; control; doi; enterprises; green; landscape; petrochemical; plant; pollution; soil; space
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        item: #297 of 7527
          id: cet-10490
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-10490
        date: 2019-10-17
       words: 3210
      flesch: 57
     summary: Macroscopic behaviour of the melt pool can be properly modelled, and the impacts of different factors such as laser powder, spot size, scanning speed have been revealed (Bian et al., 2018). Results and discussion 3.1 Model validation Since there are no benchmark results available against powder melting, this numerical model is verified by the comparison of weld pool under moving laser between simulation and experimental results.
    keywords: energy; figure; laser; melting; pool; powder; speed; temperature
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        item: #298 of 7527
          id: cet-10491
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-10491
        date: 2019-10-17
       words: 3704
      flesch: 58
     summary: (a) (b) Figure 1: Geometry model of particle flow around (a) Circular tube and (b) Elliptical tube During the simulation process, the random packing and high temperature particles are generated in the channel at initial. 0 1 2 3 4 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0 R=(r-Rcircular)/Rparticle  R Zone 1L Zone 2L Zone 3L Zone 4L 0 1 2 3 4 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0 Zone 1L/4L：R=(r-ae/2)/Rparticle Zone 2L/3L：R=(r-be/2)/Rparticle  R Zone 1L Zone 2L Zone 3L Zone 4L (a) (b) Figure 3: Time-averaged porosity curve of particle flow outside Circular tube (a) and Elliptical tube (b) 3.2 Contact characteristics and average velocity variations
    keywords: flow; heat; heat transfer; particle; transfer; tube; zone
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        item: #299 of 7527
          id: cet-10492
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-10492
        date: 2019-10-17
       words: 3745
      flesch: 49
     summary: The aims of this work were to validate the accuracy of the hot-wire technique for thermal conductivity measurements of metal oxide nanofluids and to determine if the magnetic field that is induced by the current running through the wire influences the measured thermal conductivity. The results of thermal conductivity measurements for magnetite nanofluid using both the hot-wire cell and double-pipe apparatus are shown in Figure 4.
    keywords: apparatus; cell; conductivity; copper; heat; nanofluids; pipe; temperature; wire
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        item: #300 of 7527
          id: cet-10493
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-10493
        date: 2019-10-17
       words: 3533
      flesch: 61
     summary: The current study aims to optimize the heat transfer in gravity-driven granular flow through tube vibration, which is helpful to the efficient design of MBHE in the future. The results show that, tube vibration in different directions could improve heat transfer performance, where the effect of horizontal vibrating direction is more remarkable.
    keywords: direction; heat; particles; transfer; tube; vibrating; vibration; zone
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        item: #301 of 7527
          id: cet-10494
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-10494
        date: 2019-10-17
       words: 3266
      flesch: 48
     summary: References Allen K.G., von Backström T.W., Kröger D.G., 2013, Packed bed pressure drop dependence on particle shape, size distribution, packing arrangement and roughness, Powder Technology 246, 590–600. Within our mentioned development activities, we want to present in this paper the results of the first stage of our experimental verification of pressure drop calculations for employing in our design tool for integrated regenerative equipment.
    keywords: bed; calculation; design; drop; equipment; gas; heat; porosity; pressure
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        item: #302 of 7527
          id: cet-10495
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-10495
        date: 2019-10-17
       words: 2670
      flesch: 67
     summary: Wang Q.W., Lin M., Zeng M., Tian L., 2008, Computational analysis of heat transfer and pressure drop performance for internally finned tubes with three different longitudinal wavy fins. Zeitoun O., Hegazy A.S., 2004, Heat transfer for laminar flow in internally finned pipes with different fin heights and uniform wall temperature, Heat and Mass Transfer, 40, 253-259. 264
    keywords: air; exchanger; heat; pressure; transfer; tube
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        item: #303 of 7527
          id: cet-10496
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-10496
        date: 2019-10-17
       words: 3403
      flesch: 58
     summary: As a basic unit of heat exchanger network system reliability (HENR) calculation, HER has been seldom studied. A publication of The Italian Association of Chemical Engineering Online at www.aidic.it/cet Guest Editors: Petar S. Varbanov, Timothy G. Walmsley, Jiří J. Klemeš, Panos Seferlis Copyright © 2019, AIDIC Servizi S.r.l. ISBN 978-88-95608-73-0; ISSN 2283-9216 Heat Exchanger Reliability Analysis Based on Fouling Growth Model by Fault Tree Analysis Wu Xiaoa,b Ze Haoa, Xiaobin Jianga,b Xiangcun Lia, Xuemei Wua, Gaohong Hea,b,* aState Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Engineering Laboratory for Petrochemical Energy-efficient Separation Technology of Liaoning Province, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China bSchool of Petroleum and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Liaoning Province Engineering Research Center for VOC Control & Reclamation, Dalian University of Technology at Panjin, Panjin 124221, China hgaohong@dlut.edu.cn The inherent reliability of heat exchanger in the design and manufacturing process, such as welding manner, yield strength, etc., has been the subject of many studies in the past.
    keywords: exchanger; failure; fouling; fta; growth; heat; model; reliability; resistance
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        item: #304 of 7527
          id: cet-10497
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-10497
        date: 2019-10-17
       words: 2995
      flesch: 37
     summary: The aero engine thermodynamic cycle is significantly affected by the selection of the cycle maximum temperature, which at the same time, should be high enough to achieve increased cycle efficiency but also be always kept within turbine blades material temperature limits to ensure turbine blades endurance and integrity. The present work is focused on the development of a surrogate model network for the calculation of turbine blade cooling for aero engine applications.
    keywords: aero; blade; cooling; flow; heat; transfer; turbine; turbine blade
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        item: #305 of 7527
          id: cet-10498
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-10498
        date: 2019-10-17
       words: 4081
      flesch: 63
     summary: (2012) for criss-cross flow channel formed by PHE plates with a different form of corrugations and is used with the accounting for surface roughness by analogy with equation proposed for flow inside tubes (Churchill, 1977) in the same form. The novel approach of estimating the influence of plate corrugations geometry on plate heat exchanger (PHE) operation in conditions of fouling is proposed.
    keywords: corrugations; fouling; heat; kapustenko; phe; plates; pressure
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        item: #306 of 7527
          id: cet-10499
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-10499
        date: 2019-10-17
       words: 3564
      flesch: 55
     summary: Tube’s both ends were wrapped with a 47.5 mm long nylon tube, which inner diameter is a little bit larger than the outer diameter of heat transfer tube, preventing heat conduct with the steel chamber wall. (a) (b) (c) (d) Figure 3: Photo of moist air condensing on heat transfer tube, (a) hydrophilic smooth tube, (b) hydrophilic 3D finned tube, (c) superhydrophobic smooth tube, (d) superhydrophobic 3D pin fin tube.
    keywords: air; condensation; fin; heat; moist; pin; transfer; tube
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        item: #307 of 7527
          id: cet-105
      author: TW
       title: cet-105
        date: 2017-10-04
       words: 3766
      flesch: 41
     summary: Feng X., Bai J., Wang H.M., Zheng X.S., 2008a, Grass-roots design of regeneration recycling water networks, Computers & Chemical Engineering, 32, 1892–1907. Optimization of regeneration recycling water networks with internal water mains.
    keywords: design; et al; networks; regeneration; water; wuns
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        item: #308 of 7527
          id: cet-1050
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 142.docx
        date: 2018-01-23
       words: 3213
      flesch: 11
     summary: During the process of specific planning and construction, according to “3R” principles of circular economy, through combining with the practical situation of chemical industrial parks, the construction of industry chain can be divided into: � the construction of main industry chain, which refers to mainly consider the mutual supply of materials, introduce supplementary chain and enterprises that can increase flexibility; � construction of auxiliary circular chain, which refers to mainly consider water chain, energy chain, information chain and other public works and part of enterprises that can increase flexibility, as shown in Figure 2. Figure 2: Construction of circular economy industrial chain 1508 2.2 Development status of circular economy of foreign chemical industry (1) Dupont—internal circular economy pattern of enterprise Based on the concept and theories of circular economy, this paper designs a series of circular economy target system of chemical industry, builds the effectiveness evaluation model through combining with practical situation of chemical industry, and proposes that building chemical industry parks is the reasonable model of circular economy development.
    keywords: chain; chemical; chemical industry; development; doi; economy; enterprise; industry; production; waste
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        item: #309 of 7527
          id: cet-10500
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-10500
        date: 2019-10-17
       words: 3654
      flesch: 64
     summary: + − −    (3) ( ), , , , , , , , 1 , , , before before before before before before before i j + − −    (4) ( ), , , , , , , , , ,in 1 , , , before before before before before before H i j k H
    keywords: expansion; heat; j k; work;  
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        item: #310 of 7527
          id: cet-10501
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-10501
        date: 2019-10-17
       words: 3852
      flesch: 59
     summary: − + −, , , , , , ,1 1j k n j k n j k j k ndts thus tcs zhus (1) ( )= k n j k j k n j k nAsn qhus zhus h Ths=   (4) = , , ,j k j k n n As Asn (5)  , , 1j k n n zhus (6) Heat transfer area Ahuj,k of inter-stage heater is calculated with Eqs(7)-(12).
    keywords: heat; hen; j j; j k; k n; n j; system; utility
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        item: #311 of 7527
          id: cet-10502
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-10502
        date: 2019-10-17
       words: 4066
      flesch: 55
     summary: A single absorption refrigeration cycle (LiBr/H2O cycle) was modelled and simulated by Wang et al. (2017), the COP and exergy efficiency were used as indicators to determine the optimal matches between refrigeration levels and heat source temperatures. These two critical temperatures are graded by dividing heat source temperature into several intervals and discretizing evaporation temperature into several values.
    keywords: arc; cop; heat; hen; n s; process; temperature
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        item: #312 of 7527
          id: cet-10503
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-10503
        date: 2019-10-17
       words: 4549
      flesch: 46
     summary: One issue to consider when screening retrofit design options is that industrial heat recovery systems must be able to handle external variations, e.g. in ambient temperature, in such a way that operational targets are reached. The proposed approach is based upon traditional flexibility analysis combined with energy performance analysis.
    keywords: analysis; design; energy; flexibility; option; retrofit
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        item: #313 of 7527
          id: cet-10504
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-10504
        date: 2019-10-17
       words: 3238
      flesch: 61
     summary: CW and CCT are water coolers cost and tower capital cost, and are independent of uncertain parameters. a and b denote the constants of water cooler capital cost, Aw(i) is the area of water cooler i , cfp is fixed charge for pump, cp is the pump pressure cost coefficient, tf is the total flowrate of cooling water, tp is the total pressure drop of pump, ρ is the density of cooling water, ηP is the pump efficiency, OCFt is tower fan operational cost, Pw is the uncertain water price, M is the flowrate of makeup water,B is the flowrate of water blowdown.
    keywords: cost; network; system; water
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        item: #314 of 7527
          id: cet-10505
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-10505
        date: 2019-10-17
       words: 3094
      flesch: 59
     summary: Setting heat pumps correctly in a heat exchanger network can reduce the consumption of cold and hot utilities, achieving energy saving and pollution reduction. Therefore, targeting the optimal placement of heat pumps is of great interest in both the academia and industry.
    keywords: energy; exchanger; gcc; heat; network; pump; temperature
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        item: #315 of 7527
          id: cet-10506
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-10506
        date: 2019-10-17
       words: 3949
      flesch: 42
     summary: Having in mind that heat production and its retention are very important for the ATAD process, Fernández-Arévalo et al. (2014) developed mathematical model consisting of mass and energy balance equations for dynamically predicting the heat produced or consumed in ATAD bioreactor based on the Hess's law. Artificial Neural Network modelling of ATAD bioreactors 2.1 General description of a feed-forward Artificial Neural Network Artificial neural networks are inspired by the way biological neurons transmit and process information.
    keywords: atad; bioreactor; heat; integration; process; simulation; sludge; system
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        item: #316 of 7527
          id: cet-10507
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-10507
        date: 2019-10-17
       words: 3335
      flesch: 48
     summary: The first step of the proposed method of evaluating the Flexibility Index (FI) is the centering of the stochastic space at some Basic Point, where by N the number of stochastic parameters is denoted. After that, for each solution an optimization problem is formulated to determine the maximum value of FI which general form could be written as follows: N N 1n 2 1i i,n 2 η MAXFI ∏ ∑ = = = (4) subject to the following constraints: ;Nn,n,1ifor1η0 i,n ∈∀≤≤ = (5) ;Nn,n,2ifor0η1 i,n ∈∀≤≤ = (6)     =+− =+− = ;iforθη)θθ( ;iforθη)θθ( θ BP ni,n LB n BP n BP ni,n BP n UB n i,n 2 1 Nn,n  (7) ( ) { } ;Nn;2,1iforKkkη ki,n ∈∈∈∀= (8) ( ) { } ;Nn;2,1iforKkkθ ki,n ∈∈∈∀= (9) { };Kkkw k ∈∀= (10) ( )( ) ;Kk,k,Iii,0θ,w,Dh ki,nk *ii ∈∀∈∀= (11) ( )( ) ;Kk,k,Jj,0θ,w,Dg ki,nk *j ∈∀∈∀≤ (12) Kk,k,WwW maxk min ∈∀≤≤ (13) where the independent variables: i,nη are the scaled values of stochastic parameters i,nθ and the variables kw are the same as the variables for the second stage of the stochastic problem - the times of loading the raw sludge and discharging the stabilized one.
    keywords: flexibility; heat; index; parameters; space; stochastic; system
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        item: #317 of 7527
          id: cet-10508
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-10508
        date: 2019-10-17
       words: 3521
      flesch: 43
     summary: 2.1 Digraph representation of distillation process Energy efficient distillation, Journal of Natural Gas Science and Engineering, 3, 571–580. Heckl, I., Friedler, F., Fan, L. T., 2010, Solution of separation-network synthesis problems by the P-graph methodology, Computers & Chemical Engineering, 34, 700–706.
    keywords: approach; distillation; energy; fluxmax; process
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        item: #318 of 7527
          id: cet-10509
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-10509
        date: 2019-10-17
       words: 3455
      flesch: 50
     summary: 5,626.08 kW of waste heat is recycled and 3,968.44 kW of cooling capacity is produced in absorption refrigeration through the optimization. Figure 4: Effects of changes in hot water flow rate As can be seen from Figure 4, with the increase of hot water flow rate, the outlet temperature of hot water in generator increases, and the value of COP for absorption refrigeration cycle increases rapidly first and then trends to be stable.
    keywords: absorption; compression; cooling; flow; heat; refrigeration; temperature; waste; water
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        item: #319 of 7527
          id: cet-1051
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-1051
        date: 2018-01-18
       words: 2959
      flesch: 45
     summary: 2.2 Learning algorithm of BP neural network The principle of BP neural network model involves many mathematical formulas, parameters and operation rules (Zhang et al., 2014). In order to facilitate the understanding of basic logic thinking of the neural network model in the process of analyzing and evaluating the research object, it needs to briefly understand the algorithm flow of BP neural network model.
    keywords: chemical; layer; logistics; network; operation; output; park; safety
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        item: #320 of 7527
          id: cet-10510
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-10510
        date: 2019-10-17
       words: 2861
      flesch: 55
     summary: Moreover, average Cp calculation for each stage has high accuracy and it is free to calculate without any fixed Cp data from user. It shows that new Cp linearization technique give higher accuracy for Cp calculation.
    keywords: hen; model; pro; temperature; 𝑁𝑂𝑃
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        item: #321 of 7527
          id: cet-10511
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-10511
        date: 2019-10-17
       words: 4091
      flesch: 50
     summary: 357 Table 2: Overview of examined case studies and papers Authors GMT output [kW] CHP CCHP Branch Specification Bruno et al., 2009 30 x sewage treatment biogas fuel, absorption chiller Buck and Friedmann, 2007 100 x power generation solar tower, HE, absorption chiller Caresana et al., 2011 6x100 x landfill landfill biogas fuel Ferreira et al., 2015 30, 65 x manufacturing direct use of GMT exhaust Ge et al., 2013 80 x food retail CO2 refrigeration Huicochea et al., 2011 28 x power generation double effect absorption chiller Invernizzi et al., 2007 100 x power generation Micro Rankine cycle Kalantar and Mousavi, 2010 230 power generation wind turbine, solar, battery, GMT Massardo et al., 2002 50 x power generation SOFC, GMT Máša et al., 2017 30 x laundry treatment direct use of GMT exhaust MosayebNezhad et al., 2018 30, 65 x wastewater treatment SOFC, GMT Nelson et al., 2018 100 x power generation solarized GMT Pantaleo et al., 2013 100 x power generation biomass and natural gas Pantaleo et al., 2018 100 x coffee roasting Comparison with ORC unit Tassou et al., 2007 80 x food retail HE, absorption chiller Velumani et al., 2009 30 x power generation SOFC, GMT, absorption chiller Vera et al., 2012 30 x olive oil production gasifier of biomass Very promising utilisation of waste heat in GMT exhaust gases was found by Ferreira et al. (2015). Notably, the use of GMT exhaust gases for the direct drying, is still a rare possibility for GMT integration.
    keywords: chp; energy; et al; fuel; gas; generation; gmt; heat; microturbine; power
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        item: #322 of 7527
          id: cet-10512
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-10512
        date: 2019-10-17
       words: 3679
      flesch: 53
     summary: They analysed also robust stability, violation of constraints on control inputs and controlled outputs, energy savings, and overall computational complexity of the control algorithm. According to the IAE, ISE and V, the best control structure is the NNPC-based control system with and auxiliary control input.
    keywords: control; controller; heat; input; network; nnpc; predictive; process
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        item: #323 of 7527
          id: cet-10513
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-10513
        date: 2019-10-17
       words: 3718
      flesch: 56
     summary: During HEN retrofit, process streams are matched based on their thermodynamic profiles to achieve energy targets. The physical distances between process streams and the space available for heat integration are usually not considered during HEN retrofit even though these issues could offset the cost savings from heat recovery.
    keywords: cost; drop; exchanger; heat; hen; pressure; process; retrofit; stream
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        item: #324 of 7527
          id: cet-10514
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-10514
        date: 2019-10-17
       words: 3539
      flesch: 53
     summary: 376 Figure 4: Heat sink storage sizes in m³ for standby scenario 2 and varying HP sizes After having chosen the 5 % and 10 % HP sizes for both scenarios, four statistical distributions of the heat sink storage sizing are the output of another 4*200=800 storage dimensioning calculations. Figure 5: Heat sink storage sizes in m³ for standby scenarios 1 and 2 In both scenarios, even the small increase in HP size of only about 1 kW led to significantly larger storage volumes with the same confidence level (red lines).
    keywords: flow; heat; material; simulation; standby; storage
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        item: #325 of 7527
          id: cet-10515
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-10515
        date: 2019-10-17
       words: 3438
      flesch: 60
     summary: Most vertical heat exchangers in which steam condensation occurs use coolant flowing from the outside of the condenser pipe wall for heat rejection. Mode 2 (the second case) describes steam condensation in a vertical pipe where the coolant flows along the inner pipe wall together with the steam.
    keywords: condensation; coolant; heat; mode; pipe; steam; temperature; transfer
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        item: #326 of 7527
          id: cet-10516
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-10516
        date: 2019-10-17
       words: 3494
      flesch: 62
     summary: Energy, 2018a, 155, 190-204. Lai Y.Q., Manan Z.A., Wan Alwi S.R. Simultaneous diagnosis and retrofit of heat exchanger network via individual process stream mapping. Linnhoff B., Flower J.R. Synthesis of heat exchanger networks.
    keywords: energy; exchanger; heat; hen; retrofit; step; temperature
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        item: #327 of 7527
          id: cet-10517
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-10517
        date: 2019-10-17
       words: 4513
      flesch: 56
     summary: In the model, agricultural seasons (denoted by index t) have their durations represented by the parameter Lt, to capture the length of each season, with feedstock costs varying from season to season. The integrated superstructure comprises a set of feedstock supply nodes which connects a set of utility demand nodes through a set of feedstock/utility transportation modes.
    keywords: cost; demand; feedstock; heat; network; plant; process; supply; utility
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        item: #328 of 7527
          id: cet-10518
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-10518
        date: 2019-10-17
       words: 4223
      flesch: 58
     summary: By observing stream temperatures (all within a range of 350 to 600 K), it can be stated that this is an above-ambient process and that compression may lead to undesirably high temperatures. Briefly, the simultaneous work/heat integration problem can be described as: given a set of process streams (which can be hot or cold to be expanded or compressed), it is necessary to find the optimal configuration of heat exchangers and pressure manipulators that lead those streams to their target conditions.
    keywords: heat; pressure; shaft; streams; synthesis; temperature; work
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        item: #329 of 7527
          id: cet-10519
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-10519
        date: 2019-10-17
       words: 3797
      flesch: 48
     summary: This study presents the cost optimisation of flexible MER HEN design which considers the fluctuation probability using break-even analysis. Recent developments in designing and controlling HEN under uncertainty such as synthesis of HEN with the consideration of safety and operability aspects using Pinch- based methodology (Hafizan et al., 2016), multi-period HEN under different operating conditions (Miranda et a., 2017), flexible HEN with bypass placement consideration and heat exchanger sizing based on the new heuristics (Hafizan et al., 2019), retrofit HEN under fixed and uncertain dynamic operating conditions of existing Total Sites (TS) (Čuček and Kravanja, 2016) and back-off approach using Power Series Expansions (PSE) (Rafiei-Shishavan et al., 2017) have yet to fully factor in fluctuation probability and process condition feasibility DOI: 10.3303/CET1976068 Paper Received: 26/03/2019; Revised: 09/04/2019; Accepted: 09/04/2019 Please cite this article as: Hafizan A.M., Wan Alwi S.R., Manan Z.A., Klemes J.J., Hamid M.K.A., 2019, Cost Optimisation of a Flexible Heat Exchanger Network with Fluctuation Probability using Break-Even Analysis, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 76, 403-408 DOI:10.3303/CET1976068 403 mailto:syarifah@utm.my into design even though they can be a significant influence on cost optimisation.
    keywords: break; cost; fluctuation; hem; mer; probability; stream; temperature
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        item: #330 of 7527
          id: cet-1052
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-1052
        date: 2018-01-18
       words: 3629
      flesch: 27
     summary: 2.2 Significance of petrochemical enterprise E2-efficiency measurement The concept of “Eco-Efficiency” put forward by Schaltegger and WBCSD is constituted by the prefix of “Economic” and “Ecological”, and the word “efficiency”, which means “ecological economic efficiency” or “economic ecological efficiency”. This paper establishes the E2-efficiency quantitative model for petrochemical enterprise based on the theory of intuitionistic fuzzy set, and conducts intuitionistic fuzzy measurement of petrochemical enterprise E2-efficiency, in order to be beneficial to the achievement of the win-win target for petrochemical enterprise on environment protection and economic benefit improvement.
    keywords: efficiency; petrochemical;  ;  
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        item: #331 of 7527
          id: cet-10520
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-10520
        date: 2019-10-17
       words: 3731
      flesch: 55
     summary: Air separation process is the most common type used in Chinese LNG receiving terminals, and the utilization ratio of LNG cold energy is only about 40 %. Results show the utilization ratio of LNG cold energy is increased by 35.77 %.
    keywords: air; cold; energy; lng; nitrogen; process; separation; stream; temperature
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        item: #332 of 7527
          id: cet-10521
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-10521
        date: 2019-10-17
       words: 3853
      flesch: 59
     summary: As a result, heat pumps have received considerable attention and development, becoming an essential energy saving technology. The idea of using heat pumps in Process Integration has been assessed in many recent studies.
    keywords: cop; energy; heat; integration; jchp; process; pump; temperature; working
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        item: #333 of 7527
          id: cet-10522
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-10522
        date: 2019-10-17
       words: 3478
      flesch: 50
     summary: Manizadeh A., Entezari A. and Ahmadi R., 2018, The energy and economic target optimization of a naphtha production unit by implementing energy Pinch Technology, Case Studies in Thermal Engineering, 12, 396- 404. It is an important design parameter for the development of energy efficient Heat Exchanger Network, as its value affects capital and operating costs of the plant (AbuBakar et al., 2015)
    keywords: cost; design; energy; exchanger; heat; minimum; pinch; process; temperature
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        item: #334 of 7527
          id: cet-10523
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-10523
        date: 2019-10-17
       words: 3368
      flesch: 43
     summary: By employing uncertainty analysis and sensitivity analysis techniques, the solution of the factor fixing problem was shown, and a subset of parameters whose accurate estimates were essential to obtain reliable analysis results, were detected. Uncertainty analysis.
    keywords: acquisition; analysis; data; energy; output; parameters; process; sensitivity; sti; uncertainty
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        item: #335 of 7527
          id: cet-10524
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-10524
        date: 2019-10-17
       words: 2454
      flesch: 56
     summary: Tables 3 and 4 summarize the value of exergy sink and exergy source as well as exergy losses in each part of refrigeration cycles. Although the Omega -H diagram is a powerful tool for getting insights about exergy loss in a heat exchanger network (HEN), the calculation of the enclosed area is not straightforward due to non-linearity of the curves.
    keywords: exergy; losses; process; refrigeration; stage
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        item: #336 of 7527
          id: cet-10525
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-10525
        date: 2019-10-17
       words: 3024
      flesch: 48
     summary: There are different exergoeconomic approaches in the literature; specific exergy costing (SPECO) method is the one used in this study for exergy cost analysis. Table 3: Exergy flow rates, cost flow rates and unit exergy costs associated with each stream of the plant.
    keywords: analysis; cost; exergy; plant; process; production; unit
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        item: #337 of 7527
          id: cet-10526
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-10526
        date: 2019-10-17
       words: 3016
      flesch: 38
     summary: The sector presents wide opportunities for improving energy efficiency and, for this purpose, adequate knowledge of the energy saving potentials and their costs are essential prerequisites to design effective policies. In fact, it is estimated that, since 2007, only a quarter of energy savings in industry is attributable to energy efficiency, while more than half is the direct consequence of the decrease in production.
    keywords: eem; efficiency; energy; paper; pulp; savings; sector
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        item: #338 of 7527
          id: cet-10527
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-10527
        date: 2019-10-17
       words: 2671
      flesch: 49
     summary: Studies of the relationship between hydrodynamics and biofilm removal for tubular photobioreactor system were performed in the labora- tory stand for biofilm removal under flowrate in the range 1 – 40 L min-1 in DN20 glass/PMMA tube. Introduction The problematics of biofilm removal has an essential issue in microalgae cultivation systems – photobioreactors for biofuels.
    keywords: biofilm; figure; glass; photobioreactor; removal; shear; stress; tube; wall
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        item: #339 of 7527
          id: cet-10528
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-10528
        date: 2019-10-17
       words: 3069
      flesch: 37
     summary: The introduction of informational CALS technologies in the development of a computer quality management system and modular production of road impregnation compositions allows not only to improve the quality of analytical, research and design work, but also to provide complete computer support, including all necessary documentation in electronic form. The binder component preparation unit and impregnating composition preparation unit are interdependent, have common hardware and are equipped with an operating system that controls the on/off switching of the impregnating composition preparation unit depending on the state of the technological process in the binder component preparation unit.
    keywords: binder; bitumen; cals; component; compositions; impregnating; production; road
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        item: #340 of 7527
          id: cet-10529
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-10529
        date: 2019-10-17
       words: 3560
      flesch: 46
     summary: Figure 3: Retrofit designs for the 4-stream HEN: a) retrofit design 1, C2-E1-H1; b) retrofit design 2, C1-H1; c) retrofit design 3, C1-E2-H1; and d) retrofit design 4, C1-E2-E1-H1 6. Validation of the Monte Carlo Simulation approach to measuring network flexibility A flexibility analysis of the initial network was conducted using MCS (n = 1,000,000) with and without bypasses to validate the approach.
    keywords: analysis; design; exchanger; flexibility; heat; hen; network; retrofit
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        item: #341 of 7527
          id: cet-1053
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-1053
        date: 2018-01-18
       words: 2587
      flesch: 29
     summary: Reference Ammara R., Fradette L., Paris J., 2016, Equipment performance analysis of a canadian kraft mill, part ii: diagnostics and identification of improvement projects, Chemical Engineering Research & Design, 115, 107-115, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cherd.2016.09.018 Ammara R., Fradette L., Paris J., 2016, Equipment performance analysis of a canadian kraft mill, part i: development of new key performance indicators (kpi), Chemical Engineering Research & Design, 115, 160-172, DOI: 10.1016/j.cherd.2016.09.019 Chen, X., Dai, R., Ni, S., Luo, Y., Ma, P., & Xiang, X., et al., 2016, Super-high-rate performance and its mechanisms of a spiral symmetry stream anaerobic bioreactor, Chemical Engineering Journal, 295, 237- 244, DOI: 10.1016/j.cej.2016.03.056 Imaeda K., Imura K., 2016, Dye-assisted visualization of plasmon modes excited in single gold nanoplates,Chemical Physics Letters, 646, 179-184, DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2015.12.067 Kavak N., Yamak H., 2016, Picture chem: playing a game to identify laboratory equipment items and describe their use, Journal of Chemical Education, 93, 1253-1255, DOI: 10.1021/acs.jchemed.5b00857 Li Y., Wengerter M., Gerken I., Nieder H., Scholl S., Brandner J.J., 2016, Development of an efficient emulsification process using miniaturized process engineering equipment, Chemical Engineering Research & Design, 108, 23-29, DOI: 10.1016/j.cherd.2015.11.002 Lochmüller M., Schembecker G., 2016, Simultaneous optimization of scheduling, equipment dimensions and operating conditions of sequential multi-purpose batch plants, Computers & Chemical Engineering, 94, 157-179, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compchemeng.2016.05.012 Nasad T.G., Kochetkov A.V., 2016, Highly efficient methods of machining titanium for oil-gas drilling equipment, Chemical & Petroleum Engineering(3), 1-4, DOI: 10.1007/s10556-016-0179-4 1529 Nikolsky V.Y., Lobodenko A.V., Reshetnyak I.L., 2016, The study physical-chemical properties of water treated by contact heating method, 10, DOI: 10.20998/2078-774x.2016.10.23 Oliveira J., Krzyzaniak S., Picoloto R., Bolzan R., Mello P., 2016, Determination of inorganic contaminants in electrical and electronic equipment after digestion using microwave-assisted single reaction chamber, Journal of the Brazilian Chemical Society, 28(9), DOI: 10.21577/0103-5053.20160317 Oudejans L., O’Kelly J., Evans A.S., Wyrzykowska-Ceradini B., Touati A., Tabor, D., 2016, Decontamination of personal protective equipment and related materials contaminated with toxic industrial chemicals and chemical warfare agent surrogates, Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering, 4(3), 2745-2753, DOI: 10.1016/j.jece.2016.05.022 Pang F., Song F., Zhang Q., Tan Y., Han Y., 2016, Study on the influence of oxygen-containing groups on the performance of ni/ac catalysts in methanol vapor-phase carbonylation, Chemical Engineering Journal, 293, 129-138, DOI: 10.1016/j.cej.2016.02.093 Shen Z., Zhong J.Y., Han X.Y., Wang L.Y., Cui Y., Chen, L,K., et al., 2016, Decontamination of chemical warfare agents on sensitive equipment materials using zr 4+, and ge 4+, co-doped tio 2, and hydrofluoroether suspension, Chemical Engineering Journal, 302, 111-119, DOI: 10.1016/j.cej.2016.04.153 Sun H., Zhang L., Shen D., 2017, Urantide protects ccl4-induced liver injury via inhibiting gpr14 signal in mice, Biotechnology & Biotechnological Equipment, 31(1), 1-6, DOI: 10.1080/13102818.2016.1253436 Taran Y.A., Taran A.L.,2016, Revamping equipment and technology of existing granulating plants to improve the quality of granulated products, Chemical & Petroleum Engineering, 11(9), 1-9, DOI: 10.1007/s10556- 016-0090-z Xenos D.P., Kopanos G.M., Cicciotti M., Thornhill N.F., 2016, Operational optimization of networks of compressors considering condition-based maintenance, Computers & Chemical Engineering, 84, 117-131, DOI: 10.1016/j.compchemeng.2015.08.008 Xu C., Zhao S., Li M., Dai Y., Tan L., Liu Y., 2016, Chemical composition, antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of essential oil from flue-cured tobacco flower bud,Biotechnology & Biotechnological Equipment, 30(5), 1-5, DOI: 10.1080/13102818.2016.1195240 Yilmaz M., Guvercin B., Konca C., 2016, Paroxysmal nocturnal haemoglobinuria: a case presenting with isolated thrombocytopenia,Biotechnology & Biotechnological Equipment, 30(2), 1-3, DOI: 10.1080/13102818.2015.1112750 Zhang J., Zhang Y., Diao N., 2016, Combined approach for soybean wastewater chemical oxygen demand reduction using aspergillus niger pelletization technology, Biotechnology & Biotechnological Equipment, 1- 7, DOI: 10.1080/13102818.2016.1262751 Zhang L.P., Xing Y.P., Liu L.H., Zhou X.H., Shi H.C., 2016, Fenton reaction-triggered colorimetric detection of phenols in water samples using unmodified gold nanoparticles, Sensors & Actuators B Chemical, 225, 593-599, DOI: 10.1016/j.snb.2015.11.083 1530 Then a set of assessment software has been developed using Visual Basic 6.0 Database Access technology, including document management module, assessment method module, accident prediction module, occupational health module and system help module.
    keywords: accident; assessment; chemical; doi; engineering; health; method; module; software
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        item: #342 of 7527
          id: cet-10530
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-10530
        date: 2019-10-17
       words: 3997
      flesch: 50
     summary: Previous researches on facility layout problems mainly focus on arranging facilities in a single frame, however, facilities are placed in several frames rather than stacked together in an actual process unit. After decades of development, facility layout problem has gradually shifted from simply arranging equal-area facilities in a single layer to multi-floor (Bernardi and Anjos, 2013) or unequal-area (Liu and Liu, 2019) studies.
    keywords: connections; cost; facilities; facility; frame; layout; optimisation; process; unit
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        item: #343 of 7527
          id: cet-10531
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-10531
        date: 2019-10-17
       words: 4001
      flesch: 51
     summary: The PCEs were evaluated by their ability to retain good workability and compressive strength in concretes fabricated using a standard laboratory clay free sand and high clay content sands from the three quarries. Unexpectedly, the 28 d compressive strengths of concretes fabricated with higher clay content sands were found to be comparable to the compressive strengths of concretes made with the clay free standard sand when three of the PCEs were used.
    keywords: cement; clay; compressive; concrete; content; pces; sand; slump; strength
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        item: #344 of 7527
          id: cet-10532
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-10532
        date: 2019-10-17
       words: 3664
      flesch: 51
     summary: 5. Conclusions HDT of the whole crude oil can be used in crude oil refineries to remove a significant amount of sulphur, nitrogen, oxygen and some other compounds from crude oil. The hydrotreating of crude oil is a novel process that has great economic potential but has not been implemented widely in practice, where all the conventional hydrotreating processes are carried on each oil product separately.
    keywords: cdu; cost; crude; design; hdt; hydrotreating; oil; operating; process; unit
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        item: #345 of 7527
          id: cet-10533
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-10533
        date: 2019-10-17
       words: 2942
      flesch: 41
     summary: One of the core-enabling technology of deep learning is the invention of deep neural networks. Some research works such as Mhaskar and Poggio (2016) classifies single hidden layer neural networks as shallow networks while neural network with multiple hidden layers is classified as deep neural networks.
    keywords: analysis; autoencoder; data; dimension; learning; neural; process; processing; reduction
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        item: #346 of 7527
          id: cet-10534
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-10534
        date: 2019-10-17
       words: 3305
      flesch: 47
     summary: Investigation on the relationship of project sustainability and project management showed that financial and economic performance while taking care of compliance issues and ethics is important in a company (Martens and Carvalho, 2017). In this paper, a graphical PA approach to cash flow analysis and management in engineering projects is proposed in ensuring project sustainability.
    keywords: engineering; inflow; labour; management; outflow; pinch; project; total
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        item: #347 of 7527
          id: cet-10535
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-10535
        date: 2019-10-17
       words: 2891
      flesch: 49
     summary: However, this powerful graph-theoretic method still falls short of dealing with non-linear problems. However, the main drawback of the graph-theoretic method is its incapability in solving non-linear problems.
    keywords: biomass; chemical; cost; engineering; graph; linear; model; network; neurons
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        item: #348 of 7527
          id: cet-10536
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-10536
        date: 2019-10-17
       words: 3599
      flesch: 37
     summary: The PoWER foresight approach is thus especially devoted to support urban regeneration and development in port areas, mainly addressing energy related challenges that ports are facing in their day- to-day activities respecting the relationship between the port and the surrounding ecosystem. The benchmark analysis includes, among others, an in-depth exploitation of the urban regeneration processes related to port areas at a European level.
    keywords: energy; foresight; innovation; methodology; phase; ports; power; scenarios; term; transition
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        item: #349 of 7527
          id: cet-10537
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-10537
        date: 2019-10-17
       words: 3300
      flesch: 43
     summary: Orozco J. C., Kafarov V., Pena D. Y., Alviz A., 2017, Effects of oxidation-nitridation in the presence of water vapor on ASTM A335 P92 steel using SEM-EDS and XPS characterization techniques, Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 935,1-7. Orozco J., Kafarov V., Peña D., 2018, Methodology for the Analysis of ASTM A335 P92 Steel Exposed to Real Atmospheres of Refinery Combustion. In the present work was evaluated the microstructure of ASTM A335 P92 steel when this material is exposed to two corrosive mixtures O2 - H2O,
    keywords: a335; astm; exposure; material; microhardness; p92; steel; ° c
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        item: #350 of 7527
          id: cet-10538
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-10538
        date: 2019-10-17
       words: 3478
      flesch: 39
     summary: Figure 3: Effect of contraction section curve on condensation liquefaction parameters 1.5 Effect of nozzle expansion curve on spontaneous condensation Under the condition that the contraction section of supersonic nozzle was consistent and the outlet diameter was the same, the geometrical model of supersonic nozzle with expansion section curve as conical curve and Foelsch curve (hereinafter referred to as nozzle C and nozzle D) were established respectively to study the effect of the curve of supersonic nozzle expansion section on the process of water vapor liquefaction. Figure 1: Geometry and dimensions of supersonic nozzles in the literature Figure 2: Comparison of numerical results in this paper with experimental data in literature 1.4 Effect of nozzle contraction curve on spontaneous condensation Under the same structure of expansion section of supersonic nozzle, the geometric models of supersonic nozzle with the contraction section of Witozinsky curve and bicubic curve (hereinafter referred to as nozzle A and nozzle B) were established respectively to study the influence of the contraction section curve of supersonic nozzle on the variation of vapor liquefaction parameters.
    keywords: condensation; curve; expansion; liquefaction; nozzle; section; vapor; water
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        item: #351 of 7527
          id: cet-10539
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-10539
        date: 2019-10-17
       words: 3450
      flesch: 47
     summary: Amount of separable waste fractions is predisposed by the total waste amount, which is represented by separated waste fractions and unseparated MMW (see Figure 1). Interactions between waste fractions are considered also including reverse flow, which provides an overall view of waste handling.
    keywords: approach; cost; fractions; model; production; sorting; waste
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        item: #352 of 7527
          id: cet-1054
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-1054
        date: 2018-01-18
       words: 2774
      flesch: 24
     summary: Commonly used risk standards for transportation of dangerous chemicals are mainly affected population caused by accident consequences, risk of the public’s sensitive response and emergency rescue ability; most commonly used risk measurement models include: the traditional risk measurement model, use of population which may be exposed along the path to evaluate transportation risks of dangerous chemicals, use of accident rate to measure transportation risks of dangerous chemicals, minimum & maximum risks, relatively complex perception risk by the public, expectation-variance risk and disutility risk measurement model, etc. (Karimi et al., 2017). Scientific methods can provide strong guarantee for policy implementation, and the optimization decision-making of dangerous chemicals transportation has become a hot issue of scientific research (Aslam and Mukhtar et al., 2017).
    keywords: algorithm; chemicals; credibility; doi; method; model; path; risk; time; transportation
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        item: #353 of 7527
          id: cet-10540
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-10540
        date: 2019-10-17
       words: 2947
      flesch: 50
     summary: Problem statement The problem definition for the extended MFCA model is as follows: An inlet wastewater feed would be transferred and treated with a series of wastewater treatment; which includes, preliminary treatment a A, chemical treatment b B, biological treatment c C, tertiary treatment d D and sludge treatment e E, as shown in Figure 1. As both chemical and biological treatment would generate certain amount of sludge, a portion of the flowrate will diverge further into sludge treatment process.
    keywords: cost; filter; process; sludge; stage; treatment; wastewater
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        item: #354 of 7527
          id: cet-10541
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-10541
        date: 2019-10-17
       words: 3798
      flesch: 50
     summary: The results show that about 35 % of the expected failure cost would need to be invested for opportunistic maintenance at the earlier time, minimising the risk of failure, while the remaining 65 % can be saved. Kamaruddin and Ab-Samat (2014) conducted an overview of the implementation of opportunistic maintenance.
    keywords: analysis; component; cost; failure; maintenance; pinch; study; time
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        item: #355 of 7527
          id: cet-10542
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-10542
        date: 2019-10-17
       words: 3466
      flesch: 60
     summary: Because of a large number of process parameters during the RD and a strong coupling between them, it is very important to optimize RD process parameters for chemical engineering and industry (Xiao et al., 2018). Therefore, the optimization of MTBE RD process parameters is vital to industrial application, energy saving and consumption reduction (Almeida-Rivera et al., 2004).
    keywords: conversion; design; isobutene; mtbe; parameters; process
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        item: #356 of 7527
          id: cet-10543
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-10543
        date: 2019-10-17
       words: 2885
      flesch: 57
     summary: massravagnani@uem.br Water Distribution Networks (WDN) are systems of water distribution used in industrial processes and urban centers. Water Resources Research, 13(6), 885–900. Costa, A. L., Medeiros, J. L., Pessoa, F.L., 2001, Global optimization of Water Distribution Networks Through a Reduced Space Branch-and-Bound Search, Water Resources Research, Wiley Online Library, 37(4), 1083– 1090.
    keywords: distribution; optimization; pressure; problem; velocities; water; wdn
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        item: #357 of 7527
          id: cet-10544
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-10544
        date: 2019-10-17
       words: 3231
      flesch: 48
     summary: Problem Description The problem is defined as the distribution of waste collection points in the specific area with the different conditions to be met taking into account the walking distance, the number of collection points and the utilization of installed capacities. ∈ 𝐼 Nodes – collection points 𝑗 ∈ 𝐽 Edges 𝑘 ∈ 𝐾 Set of possible collection point capacities Parameters 𝑝𝑖 Waste demand (production) in the node 𝑖 𝐴𝑖,𝑗 Incidence matrix Type Symbol Description Parameters 𝐵𝑖,𝑗 Submatrix of 𝐴𝑖,𝑗 , where the values -1 are omitted 𝑑𝑗 Edge length 𝑐𝑖,𝑘
    keywords: collection; distance; number; objective; points; rate; utilisation; waste
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        item: #358 of 7527
          id: cet-10545
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-10545
        date: 2019-10-17
       words: 3374
      flesch: 50
     summary: This study will focus on developing a self-monitoring model for the industrialist to accelerate the implementation of L&G approach. The methodology of L&G approach: a. From the interview with the plant manager, the critical parameters of 4M1E will be identified. b.
    keywords: anp; approach; industry; l&g; lgi; method; model; operation; performance; process
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        item: #359 of 7527
          id: cet-10546
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-10546
        date: 2019-10-17
       words: 3543
      flesch: 45
     summary: Problem statement In this section, we formally state the problem of shale gas supply chain optimization considering uncertainties of EUR and market demand. A publication of The Italian Association of Chemical Engineering Online at www.aidic.it/cet Guest Editors: Petar S. Varbanov, Timothy G. Walmsley, Jiří J. Klemeš, Panos Seferlis Copyright © 2019, AIDIC Servizi S.r.l. ISBN 978-88-95608-73-0; ISSN 2283-9216 A Data-Driven Optimization Approach for the Optimization of Shale Gas Supply Chains under Uncertainty Jiyao Gao, Fengqi You* Cornell University, 318 Olin Hall, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA fengqi.you@cornell.edu This paper aims to leverage the big data in shale gas industry for better decision making in optimal design and operations of shale gas supply chains under uncertainty.
    keywords: dro; gas; model; optimization; shale; stage; supply
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        item: #360 of 7527
          id: cet-10547
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-10547
        date: 2019-10-17
       words: 3329
      flesch: 57
     summary: Transportation cost from inventory to customer ($/L) j1 j2 k1 k2 l1 l2 l3 i1 2 4 j1 3 1 k1 2 3 2 i2 3 5 j2 2 4 k2 1 4 2 i3 1 3 3.2 Optimization of biodiesel supply chain network results Figure 2(a) shows result of optimized network by chance constrained optimization at different levels of confidence. The chance constrained optimization has been applied to design supply chain network under the uncertainty at different levels of confidence.
    keywords: chain; cost; penalty; supply
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        item: #361 of 7527
          id: cet-10548
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-10548
        date: 2019-10-17
       words: 2886
      flesch: 59
     summary: Supply chain model is done by a mixed-integer linear programming (MILP) and its objective function is profit maximization. ASPEN HYSYS. Figure 2: Mass flow balances of supply chain model 3.1 Stochastic model The objective of this model is to design the supply chain under uncertainties with the maximum expected profit by solving for the optimal amount of mass flow.
    keywords: chain; co2; model; profit; supply
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        item: #362 of 7527
          id: cet-10549
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-10549
        date: 2019-10-17
       words: 3431
      flesch: 42
     summary: In the first step, to facilitate the direct WEN synthesis, a three-stage superstructure with stream splits for optimal direct WEN configuration is proposed and a MINLP model is described to identify the optimal solution in term of maximizing the mechanical energy recovery. Zhuang Y., Liu L., Du J., 2017c, Direct work exchange networks synthesis of isothermal process based on superstructure method, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 61, 133-138.
    keywords: energy; heat; model; streams; superstructure; synthesis; wen; work
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        item: #363 of 7527
          id: cet-1055
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-1055
        date: 2018-01-18
       words: 2895
      flesch: 35
     summary: 3. Dangerous chemical products and their transportation According Article 3 of the newly-revised Safety Management Rules on Dangerous Chemical Products, dangerous chemical products (hereinafter after referred to as “DCP”) means the highly toxic chemicals and other chemicals with the toxic, corrosive, explosive, combustion and comburent properties etc. and which are harmful to human body, facilities and environment; which requires special protection. As for problems of robbery accidents and leakage accidents during the transportation process of dangerous chemical products, the identification and tracking technology on moving objects in the real-time video stream transmission and video sequence are the main research objects; and the specific discussion and research on the video monitoring technology in the logistic monitor system of dangerous chemical products is carried out based on the research on theory principle and technology realization of existing video technology.
    keywords: chemical; chemical products; doi; monitoring; objects; products; system; transportation; type; video
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        item: #364 of 7527
          id: cet-10550
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-10550
        date: 2019-10-17
       words: 3185
      flesch: 62
     summary: Research on the method of building mathematical model of control valve in steam turbine. Research on valve characteristics of 600 MW nozzle governing steam turbine.
    keywords: control; control valve; flow; model; pressure; pressure control; steam; valve
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        item: #365 of 7527
          id: cet-10551
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-10551
        date: 2019-10-17
       words: 2803
      flesch: 52
     summary: In this chapter, the influence of cycle parameters and different process designs on cycle efficiency is discussed. In order to improve cycle efficiency, the most economical and effective method is to increase the steam temperature and pressure at the turbine inlet.
    keywords: co2; cycle; efficiency; inlet; pressure; process; temperature
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        item: #366 of 7527
          id: cet-10552
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-10552
        date: 2019-10-17
       words: 3872
      flesch: 52
     summary: To optimise the balancing approach, the present research is focused on the development of a control system for a privately operated, agricultural biogas plant considering high feed-in gradients of surrounding PV power plants. It shares the grid connection point with seven ground mounted PV power plants consisting of several PV modules connected either in series (Nser) or parallel (Npar) with a maximum peak feed-in power of 7,000 kWel,p limited by converters to 5,000 kWel (see Table 1).
    keywords: biogas; diode; electricity; feed; grid; plant; power; system; time; 𝐼𝑝ℎ
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        item: #367 of 7527
          id: cet-10553
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-10553
        date: 2019-10-17
       words: 3866
      flesch: 51
     summary: According to open literature, mixed working fluids perform better than pure working fluids because the mixed working fluid can achieve a better match with the heat source. Therefore, it is too general to claim that mixed working fluids will perform better than pure working fluids.
    keywords: energy; fluids; heat; lng; mixed; orc; temperature; working
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        item: #368 of 7527
          id: cet-10554
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-10554
        date: 2019-10-17
       words: 3646
      flesch: 50
     summary: Nasri S., Sami B., Cherif A., 2016, Power management strategy for hybrid autonomous power system using hydrogen storage, International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 41(2), 857-865. Additionally, it offers a theoretical context for the analysis and design of complicated energy systems involving multiple energy sources and loads.
    keywords: battery; energy; load; operation; power; res; storage; system
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        item: #369 of 7527
          id: cet-10555
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-10555
        date: 2019-10-17
       words: 2961
      flesch: 50
     summary: In transmission networks, the usual requirement related to availability is the so-called N-1 criterion (Hemmati et al., 2013). An enumeration type availability analysis of processing systems has been adapted to transmission networks.
    keywords: availability; energy; generation; network; power; system; transmission
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        item: #370 of 7527
          id: cet-10556
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-10556
        date: 2019-10-17
       words: 4654
      flesch: 58
     summary: 1 – solid phase; 2-disperse phase For each type of transfer, the thermal conductivity has the following form: ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) − −  −  = −  − + −  = + −  −  = 2/ 3 1/ 3 1/ 3 1 2/ 3 1/ 3 2/ 3 1 2 1 1 1 , 1 1 1 , 1 1 1 ; a i Ф Ф adiabatic splitting Ф Ф isothermal splitting Ф Ф            (9) where 𝜆𝑎, 𝜆𝑖 , 𝜆1, 𝜆2 – coefficients of thermal conductivity of the mixture of solid and dispersed phases respectively, J/m∙s∙grad. Combination for 𝜆 in Eq(9) with a weight of ½ or weight, proportional to the angle of inclination of the heat flux vector to the vector orientation of the cell gives the value of the thermal conductivity of mixture. Tolchinsky Y. A., Ved' V. E., Zhantasov M. K., Satayev M. I., Saipov A. A., 2016, The longitudinal flow of oil and petroleum products in the channels and pipes, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 52, 265-270 Volkov K.N., Yemelyanov V.N., 2008, Gas flow with particles, Fizmatlit, Moscow, Russian Federation.
    keywords: flow; fluid; gas; model; phase; − ;  −
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        item: #371 of 7527
          id: cet-10557
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-10557
        date: 2019-10-17
       words: 3802
      flesch: 43
     summary: The flow rate (kmol/h) of an output product stream i (Wi) is divided by the crude feed flow rate (Fc) and multiplied by the product of dimensionless Carnot efficiencies of the distillation columns where is collected as distillate in the path from the feed towards process output stream (niC). The method considers, in a rough approach but at very early stages of process design, three factors related to environmental impact resources conservation and catalyst costs.
    keywords: chemical; design; distillation; efficiency; flow; process; rate; recycle; separation
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        item: #372 of 7527
          id: cet-10558
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-10558
        date: 2019-10-17
       words: 3711
      flesch: 49
     summary: Sankey diagram (Schmidt, 2008) is one of the effective tools to study energy systems proposed by an Irish engineer named Riall Sankey in 1898. 637 DOI: 10.3303/CET1976107 Paper Received: 14/03/2019; Revised: 11/05/2019; Accepted: 13/05/2019 Please cite this article as: Yang H., Ma L., Li Z., Ni W., 2019, A Method for Evaluating Structural Changes of Energy Flow Process with the Case Study of China from 2005-2015, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 76, 637-642 DOI:10.3303/CET1976107 Through literature research, it’s found that in the study of energy system based on Sankey diagram, researchers often focus only on the situation of a certain year and lack comparative analysis of structural changes on long- term scales.
    keywords: changes; china; diagram; energy; energy flow; flow; process; sankey; system
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        item: #373 of 7527
          id: cet-10559
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-10559
        date: 2019-10-17
       words: 3624
      flesch: 51
     summary: Thus, in this paper, based on the previous work, to analyse the specific differences of fault detection method on actual process and simplified model, in other words, the aim is to study whether the previous fault detection method has the same performance or not when the model is sufficiently complex and realistic, a research on fault data of the improved and original model is done. The performance is always good when detecting the simplified model but the research results indicate that when the model is complex and realistic, the performance of fault detection method gets worse.
    keywords: case; data; detection; fault; model; performance; process; samples; sets
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        item: #374 of 7527
          id: cet-1056
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-1056
        date: 2018-01-18
       words: 2912
      flesch: 35
     summary: Yet all the pollutant indexes are still more than 1, which means the pollutants have also resulted in soil pollution. This is because of long production history and great changes in polluting enterprises move from the sites, complex land use and information loss, poor enterprise management resulting in leakage during production causing severe soil pollution.
    keywords: doi; evaluation; ieee; pollutants; pollution; repair; site; soil
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        item: #375 of 7527
          id: cet-10560
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-10560
        date: 2019-10-17
       words: 3317
      flesch: 34
     summary: The first effect evaporator is still taken as an example to analyse the relationship between fouling cumulation and system optimisation results. This work concludes that fouling cumulation has a big impact on operation optimisation of MED-TVC systems, and it is necessary to timely re-optimise operation parameters.
    keywords: desalination; effect; fouling; operation; optimisation; seawater; steam; system
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        item: #376 of 7527
          id: cet-10561
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-10561
        date: 2019-10-17
       words: 3581
      flesch: 53
     summary: A publication of The Italian Association of Chemical Engineering Online at www.aidic.it/cet Guest Editors: Petar S. Varbanov, Timothy G. Walmsley, Jiří J. Klemeš, Panos Seferlis Copyright © 2019, AIDIC Servizi S.r.l. ISBN 978-88-95608-73-0; ISSN 2283-9216 Economic, Exergy, Environmental (3E) Analysis of Methanol Production from Shale Gas Weida Lia, Yu Zhuangb, Linlin Liua, Lei Zhanga, Jian Dua,* aInstitute of Process Systems Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, 116024 Dalian, China bSchool of Energy and Power Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, 116024 Dalian, China dujian@dlut.edu.cn Compared with direct utilisation as fuel, the downstream processing of shale gas shows great potential in economic competitiveness, in which methanol is a particularly important product. This study simulates a technical route for producing methanol from shale gas, which is evaluated from the points of economic, exergy and environment.
    keywords: chemical; cost; emissions; exergy; gas; heat; methane; methanol; process; shale; synthesis
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        item: #377 of 7527
          id: cet-10562
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-10562
        date: 2019-10-17
       words: 3475
      flesch: 53
     summary: When the particle flies out of boundaries, this particle can be reset as: r r r r r r r r k r= +  −   ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) min 4 max min max min ( ) ( ), , ij j j j ij j ij j x e e e x e or x e (11) where r4 is a random number in the range of [0, 1]. Table 2: The final fitness indexes with different population numbers s Population number N 300 400 500 600 700 Index 1.1176 0.9157 0.9338 0.7010 0.4954 Figure 3: The values of MSEg along time for global PSO in the proposed scheme 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5 5.5 6 Iteration number of global PSO in proposed scheme M S E i n d e x e s o f b e s t p a rt ic a l 665 Figure 4: The predicted output quality of proposed intelligent identification scheme 5.
    keywords: identification; pso; scheme; search
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        item: #378 of 7527
          id: cet-10563
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-10563
        date: 2019-10-17
       words: 3318
      flesch: 60
     summary: 𝑘𝑒𝑓𝑓,𝑓𝑟 is the effective thermal conductivity of CO2 frost. Therefore, the thermal conductivity of CO2 frost will be estimated using the results found in an experiment by Shchelkunov et al. (1986): 𝑘𝑒𝑓𝑓,𝑓𝑟
    keywords: co2; density; frost; heat; mass; plate; surface; thickness; transfer
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        item: #379 of 7527
          id: cet-10564
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-10564
        date: 2019-10-17
       words: 3862
      flesch: 48
     summary: Many works have been performed to study PCM heat exchanger. New form of PCM heat exchanger 2.1 Concept of new PCM-SCO2 HX A PCM-SCO2 heat exchanger is demanded to control the transient performance of SCO2 Brayton cycle in a high frequency oscillating environment.
    keywords: brayton; cycle; exchanger; heat; inlet; pche; pcm; sco2; system; temperature
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        item: #380 of 7527
          id: cet-10565
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-10565
        date: 2019-10-17
       words: 3369
      flesch: 59
     summary: • The heat absorption and release of gas turbine blades is a balanced process under normal working conditions, which can be regarded as a steady-state process. Zhong Y. H., 2015, Study on thermal barrier coating of gas turbine blade, PhD Thesis, Mechanical Science Research Institute, Beijing, China.
    keywords: blade; cooling; design; gas; heat; t t; temperature; turbine
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        item: #381 of 7527
          id: cet-10567
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-10567
        date: 2019-10-17
       words: 3714
      flesch: 69
     summary: + − −   − − + − − − + + +   =
    keywords: flow; nsss; otsg; s s; smp; steam
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        item: #382 of 7527
          id: cet-10568
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-10568
        date: 2019-10-17
       words: 3883
      flesch: 44
     summary: Øi L.E., Bråthen T., Berg C., Brekne S.K., Flatin M., Johnsen R., Moen I.G., Thomassen E., 2014, Optimization of configurations for amine based CO2 absorption using Aspen HYSYS, Energy Procedia, 51, 224-233. It is also worth mentioning that the same solution was obtained for liquefaction process regardless of the starting point, whereas the solution obtained for the upgrading process was highly dependent upon the starting point.
    keywords: amine; co2; exergy; lbm; liquefaction; optimization; plant; process; sequential; upgrading
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        item: #383 of 7527
          id: cet-10569
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-10569
        date: 2019-10-17
       words: 3944
      flesch: 48
     summary: Migliori M., Gabriele D., 2010, Effect of pentosan addition on dough rheological properties, Food Research International, 43(9), 2315-2320. Larsson H., 2002, Effect of pH and sodium chloride on wheat flour dough properties: Ultracentrifugation and rheological measurements, Cereal Chemistry, 79(4), 544–545.
    keywords: dough; properties; rheological; salt; semolina; water; yeast
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        item: #384 of 7527
          id: cet-1057
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-1057
        date: 2018-01-18
       words: 2708
      flesch: 39
     summary: 2. Figure 2: Safety risk assessment of chemical enterprise content 3 Construction of safety risk assessment model 3.1 Classification management of safety risk sources When the classification management of safety risk sources is carried out for chemical enterprises, along with the potential risks, dosages, storages and actual storage volumes which must be classified, great attention must be paid to the inherent causes why safety risks occur, such as risks of production plants, human factors, 1550 etc. This paper defines the safety risk source of a chemical enterprise as a risk substance pertaining to production, consumption and discharge, and under a certain impact of factors, can lead the surrounding to producing a risk substance which can trigger unexpected accidents, as a tiny unit of safety risk.
    keywords: assessment; chemical; doi; enterprises; risk; safety; safety risk; substances; warning
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        item: #385 of 7527
          id: cet-10570
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-10570
        date: 2019-10-17
       words: 4036
      flesch: 45
     summary: D’Emilio A., 2014, Predictive model of soil temperature and moisture during solarization in closed greenhouse, Transactions of the ASABE, 57, 1817-1830. Figure 1: Soil temperature distribution (temperatures in °C) as a function of depth and time of irradiation for different values of S0 and hc : S0 =12 kW∙m -2, hc =2 W∙m -2∙K-1 (a); S0 =24 kW∙m -2, hc =2 W∙m -2∙K-1 (b); S0 =12 kW∙m-2, hc=10 W∙m -2∙K-1 (c); S0=24 kW∙m -2, hc=10 W∙m -2∙K-1 (d); S0=12 kW∙m -2, hc=50 W∙m -2∙K-1 (e); S0=24 kW∙m-2, hc=50 W∙m -2∙K-1 (f).
    keywords: case; heat; min; soil; temperature; time; transfer
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        item: #386 of 7527
          id: cet-10571
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-10571
        date: 2019-10-17
       words: 2711
      flesch: 43
     summary: Tdeh,in (°C) Treg,in (°C) 1 A 0.0775 0.13 0.0038 0.21 0.31 1,200 0.0417 23.3 0.010 23.3 - 2 B 0.055 0.16 0.003 0.75 0.35 1,200 0.10 31.0 0.020 42.0 - 3 A 0.050 0.13 0.0052 0.67 0.31 1,200 0.26 25.4 0.0007 - 25.4 4 B 0.060 0.16 0.0030 0.75 0.35 1,200 0.283 34.5 0.018 - 85.0 Reference A: (Pesaran and Mills, 1987) Reference B: (Ramzy et al., 2013) 2.3 Performance indices In this paper, the performances of dehumidification desiccant packed bed are evaluated base on moisture removal capacity, that can be expressed as 0 MRC t a ai aom w w dt  = − (19) Where, ∆t is the cycle time of dehumidification and regeneration processes which set ∆t deh =∆treg, wai and wao are inlet and outlet humidity ratio of the process air and regenerated air. The low operational and initial costs constitute important advantages that clearly justify the use of packed bed (Yeboah and Darkwa, 2016).
    keywords: air; bed; desiccant; regeneration
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        item: #387 of 7527
          id: cet-10572
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-10572
        date: 2019-10-17
       words: 3388
      flesch: 35
     summary: 725 5. Conclusions Current work presents a nonlinear sensitivity analysis of the NH3/H2O single-effect absorption refrigeration process under model parameter variability using different thermodynamic models. (1) The logarithmic functions represent locally scaled transformations for the performance indicators and the model parameters, whereas matrix 𝑷 constitutes a measure of variation of the process model under the influence of infinitesimal changes imposed on model parameters.
    keywords: abr; model; parameters; performance; process; sensitivity; variability; 𝑃𝑐 𝑁𝐻3
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        item: #388 of 7527
          id: cet-10573
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-10573
        date: 2019-10-17
       words: 2520
      flesch: 52
     summary: The importance of the problem of input estimation in process optimisation is already recognised (D’Amato et al., 2013). Retrospective cost optimization for adaptive state estimation, input estimation, and model refinement, Procedia Computer Science, 18, 1919 – 1928.
    keywords: estimation; input; process
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        item: #389 of 7527
          id: cet-10574
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-10574
        date: 2019-10-17
       words: 3294
      flesch: 51
     summary: RPI set volume of RPI set Proportional Gain Integration Gain outer 2 443 0.262 0.015 inner 2 148 0.160 0.008 Figure 2: Constructed convex-lifting-based polytopic partition for robust control of heat exchanger. Mosek ApS, 2019, MOSEK v8.1 <www.mosek.com> accessed 15.03.2019. Nguyen, N.A., Olaru, S., Rodríguez-Ayerbe, P., Kvasnica, M., 2017, Convex liftings based robust control design, Automatica, 77, 206-213. Oravec J., Bakošová M., Mészáros A., 2018, Robust Model Predictive Control of a Plate Heat Exchanger.
    keywords: control; exchanger; fluid; heat; lifting; set; system
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        item: #390 of 7527
          id: cet-10575
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-10575
        date: 2019-10-17
       words: 3419
      flesch: 53
     summary: Bakar S.H.A., Hamid M.K.A., Alwi S.R.W., Mananet Z.A., 2016, Selection of minimum temperature difference (ΔTmin) for heat exchanger network synthesis based on trade-off plot, Applied Energy, 162, 1259-1271. For instance, Kookos and Perkins (2016) proposed a new nonlinear process model for control structure selection based on back-off methodology.
    keywords: controllability; heat; hen; ijk; network; stage; structure; synthesis; variables
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        item: #391 of 7527
          id: cet-10576
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-10576
        date: 2019-10-17
       words: 3699
      flesch: 53
     summary: 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 0.0 1.5 3.0 4.5 6.0 Switch point, u1 was marked as redundant variable Economic optimization: the control loss is increased; economic loss is reduced Back to zone control: the control loss is reduced; economic loss is increased Stage IIIStage II Stage I D i m e n s i o n l e s s i n d e x Control loss Economic loss time (min) Switch back to the zone control Zone control: the control loss is reduced; economic loss is increased (b) Figure 5: System state variable simulation trajectory and the comparison of system control and economic loss (stage I: zone control; stage II: economic optimization; stage III: zone control), (a) Schematic diagram of the system operation trajectory, (b) System dimensionless loss index (control loss index and economic loss index) [-2,2] Bottoms reflux temperature The system trajectory and the comparison of system control and economic loss was shown in Figure 5.
    keywords: control; optimization; set; state; system; target; variable; zone
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        item: #392 of 7527
          id: cet-10577
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-10577
        date: 2019-10-17
       words: 3579
      flesch: 44
     summary: Besides, the loss of CO promoter is instantaneous right before the CO combustion promoter is added, and the loss of CO combustion promoter of different periods is proportional to its mass. 753 The presence of CO combustion promoter significantly affects the heterogeneous CO combustion in the regenerator, which influences the system dynamics through Eqs(7) and (8). )
    keywords: batch; control; dynamic; operation; optimization; process; promoter; variables
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        item: #393 of 7527
          id: cet-10578
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-10578
        date: 2019-10-17
       words: 3236
      flesch: 53
     summary: The implementation of a control strategy is necessary for the flexible operation of CO2 capture process during the periods of fluctuation in the plant loading. Introduction Although solvent-based CO2 capture is a mature technology which is applied for various industrial chemical processes, the implementation in power plants to remove CO2 from flue gas is limited because the operation demands of this system and high energy penalty associated to CO2 absorption process.
    keywords: capture; co2; control; flow; gas; process; rate; solvent
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        item: #394 of 7527
          id: cet-10579
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-10579
        date: 2019-10-17
       words: 3051
      flesch: 58
     summary: A publication of The Italian Association of Chemical Engineering Online at www.aidic.it/cet Guest Editors: Petar S. Varbanov, Timothy G. Walmsley, Jiří J. Klemeš, Panos Seferlis Copyright © 2019, AIDIC Servizi S.r.l. ISBN 978-88-95608-73-0; ISSN 2283-9216 Bypass Control System Design for HENs Based on Frequency Domain Analysis Lin Sun*, Zheng-hua Yang, Xiong-lin Luo Department of Automation, China University of Petroleum, Beijing, 102249, China sunlin@cup.edu.cn In this paper, a new approach to address bypass control system design for heat exchanger networks (HENs) is proposed based on frequency domain analysis. Instead, the key idea of this work is to take stability margins into consideration when potential bypasses and controlled variables are paired.
    keywords: control; domain; frequency; hens; margin; stability
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        item: #395 of 7527
          id: cet-1058
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-1058
        date: 2018-01-18
       words: 3488
      flesch: 51
     summary: With reference of this definition, and above-mentioned definition of the transport chain of hazardous chemicals, this paper defines the cost of hazardous chemicals transport service chain as follows: the cost of hazardous chemicals transport service chain is the sum of all consumed manpower, financial resources and materials during the process of storage and transportation, the cost can be divided into three categories: storage cost, transportation cost and risk control cost. The cost composition of the transport service chain of hazardous chemicals It has been pointed out above that the cost of transportation service chain can be divided into three categories, namely storage cost, transportation cost and risk control cost.
    keywords: chain; chemicals; companies; control; cost; materials; risk; service; transportation
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        item: #396 of 7527
          id: cet-10580
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-10580
        date: 2019-10-17
       words: 3770
      flesch: 52
     summary: Between them, model predictive control (MPC) is popular because of its flexibility and ability to be used in industrial applications. Sultana W.R., Sahoo S.K., Sukchai S., Yamuna S., Venkatesh D., 2017, A review on state of art development of model predictive control for renewable energy applications, Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 76, 391–406.
    keywords: control; fermentation; model; nnpc; process; reactor; rmpc; yeast
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        item: #397 of 7527
          id: cet-10581
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-10581
        date: 2019-10-17
       words: 3094
      flesch: 62
     summary: This is due to the fact that in TDC-ADRC the effect of time delay is estimated rather than the direct usage of time delay model in SP-ADRC. The influence of time delay is regarded as the external disturbance, and is estimated by the designed disturbance observer.
    keywords: adrc; control; delay; disturbance; time
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        item: #398 of 7527
          id: cet-10582
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-10582
        date: 2019-10-17
       words: 3435
      flesch: 54
     summary: The (simplified) P&ID diagram of the setup is shown in Figure 4. Figure 4: P&ID diagram of the experimental setup to test HEX control strategies. In a further step, it could be used for development of model based control or to simulate further hydraulic setups.
    keywords: control; flow; heat; hex; model; system
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        item: #399 of 7527
          id: cet-10584
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-10584
        date: 2019-10-17
       words: 3218
      flesch: 43
     summary: The pre-set ranges of gamma distribution parameters are calculated from the analysis of the probability density plot of gamma distribution based on the basic available information, so that the obtained parameter ranges have wide universality and are not specific to any oil characteristics. Finally, the pre-set ranges of gamma distribution parameters α and β of each homologous series as shown in Table 1 are obtained.
    keywords: composition; distribution; gamma; model; parameters; range; series
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        item: #400 of 7527
          id: cet-10585
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-10585
        date: 2019-10-17
       words: 2983
      flesch: 44
     summary: Thermally-coupled columns offer a great opportunity to reduce energy consumption (Triantafyllou and Smith, 1992). Table 3: Energy consumption of the direct distillation sequence for mixtures (Fang et al., 2017) Compound Composition (% mol) Qreb.
    keywords: composition; consumption; distillation; energy; process; sequence
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        item: #401 of 7527
          id: cet-10586
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-10586
        date: 2019-10-17
       words: 3682
      flesch: 35
     summary: The optimization was subject to the following constraints: - Temperature within reactor R-101 between 633 and 703 K - Temperature within reactor R-102 between 533 and 573 K - Tube side pressure drop below 10% of total pressure - Conversion of propylene in reactor R-101 above 95 % - Conversion of acrolein in reactor R-102 practically 100 %. For both the propylene oxidation reactor (R-101) and acrolein oxidation reactor (R-102), the heat transfer fluid flow rate affected the minimum temperature the most whilst the maximum temperature was affected by the heat transfer fluid inlet temperature the most.
    keywords: acid; acrolein; acrylic; heat; oxidation; r-101; reaction; reactor; temperature
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        item: #402 of 7527
          id: cet-10587
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-10587
        date: 2019-10-17
       words: 3019
      flesch: 53
     summary: Kvamsdal et al. (2009) developed a stand-alone CO2 absorber model and used steady-state data of the temperature profiles, rich solvent loading and CO2 capture rate from a pilot plant to validate the model. Validation of simulation results of rich solvent carbon loading, CO2 capture rate, lean solvent carbon loading are depicted in Figure 5.
    keywords: capture; co2; model; 𝐶𝑝𝑚 𝐿; 𝑇 𝐿
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        item: #403 of 7527
          id: cet-10588
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-10588
        date: 2019-10-17
       words: 3256
      flesch: 46
     summary: Depending on the pressure level required, steam can be extracted from different turbine stages, allowing the plants to handle variations in steam demand. Comparing demand peaks 1 and 2 in Figure 4, we can see that the total amount of steam demand is nearly equal.
    keywords: accumulator; biomass; demand; extraction; model; pressure; steam; supply; turbine
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        item: #404 of 7527
          id: cet-10589
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-10589
        date: 2019-10-17
       words: 3825
      flesch: 43
     summary: This factor can also essentially change regimes of aggregation processes (Andreassen, 2005). Such an algorithm allows taking into account the different time scales of diffusion processes and aggregation processes.
    keywords: aggregation; case; cell; clusters; flow; orders; particles; reactor; time
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        item: #405 of 7527
          id: cet-1059
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-1059
        date: 2018-01-18
       words: 2750
      flesch: 50
     summary: The recycling and logistic transport of hazardous chemical waste are different from those of general goods - the planning of logistic location and transportation route will have a serious impact on the surrounding environment, economy and regional development and the potential hazards in waste storage and transportation are also public concerns (Alumur and Kara, 2007; Zhao, 2011; Huang and Prof, 2005). DOI: 10.3303/CET1762261 Please cite this article as: Hao Ding, 2017, Research on location and transportation route optimization for hazardous chemical waste based on multi-objective constraints, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 62, 1561-1566 DOI:10.3303/CET1762261 1561 2.
    keywords: cost; risk; w w; waste; wij; ∈ ∈
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        item: #406 of 7527
          id: cet-10590
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-10590
        date: 2019-10-17
       words: 3472
      flesch: 50
     summary: Sharifian S., Harasek M., 2015, Simulation of COX methanation reactor for the production of natural gas, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 45, 1003–1008. Sharifian S., Miltner M., Harasek M., 2016, Thermodynamic and kinetic based simulation approach to CO2 and CO methane hydrogenation, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 52, 565–570. Sharifian S., Harasek M., Haddadi B., 2016, Simulation of membrane gas separation process using Aspen Plus® V8.6, Chemical Product and Process Modeling, 11, 67-72. 834 In the current study, gas permeation membrane system has been applied for methane purification.
    keywords: co2; gas; membrane; methane; process; purification; separation; stream; trace; water
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        item: #407 of 7527
          id: cet-10591
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-10591
        date: 2019-10-17
       words: 3545
      flesch: 39
     summary: Pelton J.A., 2014, How our majors believe they learn: Student learning strategies in an undergraduate theory course, Teaching Sociology, 42, 277–286. Learning strategies refer to the different combinations of activities the learners utilise in their process of learning.
    keywords: chemical; engineering; integration; learning; process; strategies; students; sustainability
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        item: #408 of 7527
          id: cet-10592
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-10592
        date: 2019-10-17
       words: 3829
      flesch: 32
     summary: Please cite this article as: Krasnokutskiy E., Ved V., Suigenbayeva A., Saipov A., Mussabekov A., Ponomarenko H., Ved H., 2019, Catalyst Coatings Carriers Based on Boron-Silicon Glass Crystalline Compositions, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 76, 841-846 DOI:10.3303/CET1976141 841 of catalytic coatings catalysts (Krasnokutskiy et al., 2015). On the foil, surface coating was formed.
    keywords: benzene; carrier; catalyst; coating; composition; conversion; crystalline; gas; oxide; surface
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        item: #409 of 7527
          id: cet-10593
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-10593
        date: 2019-10-17
       words: 2563
      flesch: 39
     summary: The sharp decrease in phenol concentration beyond initial phenol concentration of 10 mg/L can be attributed to the fact that high concentration of pollutant in water saturates the TiO2 surface. The rate constants for the different parameters were evaluated and indicated that titanium dioxide photocatalyst P-25 was very active in phenol degradation.
    keywords: catalyst; concentration; degradation; phenol; photocatalysis; tio2
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        item: #410 of 7527
          id: cet-10594
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-10594
        date: 2019-10-17
       words: 3662
      flesch: 49
     summary: The main problem of FTS catalysts is the active metal stabilization in order to prevent the aggregation and leaching of the active phase (Zhao et al., 2018). Based on the catalyst testing results, 1 % Ru-HPS and 10 % Co-1%Ru-HPS were chosen as FTS catalysts providing the higher yield of the liquid gasoline-range hydrocarbons (over 70 %).
    keywords: catalysts; fischer; fts; hps; hydrocarbons; liquid; phase; surface; synthesis; tropsch
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        item: #411 of 7527
          id: cet-10595
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-10595
        date: 2019-10-17
       words: 3712
      flesch: 48
     summary: While analyzing all the possible factors influencing the alkene selectivity (the ability to form a certain hydride phase, the preferential alkyne adsoprtion, definition of small ensembles in order to reduce oligomerization), the size of Pd NPs seems to be the key factor of a triple bond hydrogenation (Nikoshvili et al., 2015). HPS-based catalysts containing relatively small Pd NPs (about 4 nm in diameter) were shown to be active and selective (selectivity to target products higher than 98 % and 93 % in case of cross-coupling and hydrogenation) in mild reaction conditions 60oC in environmentally friendly solvents (ethanol and water) at the absence of phase-transfer agents.
    keywords: case; catalysts; coupling; cross; hydrogenation; mn270; nps; palladium; precursor; reaction; selectivity; suzuki
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        item: #412 of 7527
          id: cet-10596
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-10596
        date: 2019-10-17
       words: 2985
      flesch: 55
     summary: Some losses of catalysts activity can be attributed to metal leaching. Some losses of catalysts activity can be attributed to metal leaching.
    keywords: catalysts; glucosamine; glucose; methyl; synthesis
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        item: #413 of 7527
          id: cet-10597
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-10597
        date: 2019-10-17
       words: 3729
      flesch: 41
     summary: The apparatus was tested in the estimation of permittivity values in water-ethanol mixtures, varying their composition. Before carrying out the measurements, the calibration straight lines were built using water and 1-propanol with known permittivity values as references, so the measuring range was between 77.5 and 16 for 𝜀′ and between 6.325 and 1.24 for 𝜀′′ (values of the permittivity of the pure substances) (Von Hippel,1954).
    keywords: dielectric; field; frequency; heating; material; microwave; permittivity; values
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        item: #414 of 7527
          id: cet-10598
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-10598
        date: 2019-10-17
       words: 3350
      flesch: 44
     summary: Reactor temperature is exhibited by the gas phase temperature (Tg), while solid phase velocity, vp, provides insights about the residence time of particles. Carbonator reactor can be a drop-tube, known for his wide range of applicability in fast gas-solid reaction systems like CO2 capture in cement industry (Plou et al., 2019).
    keywords: cao; carbonator; co2; energy; excess; gas; model; phase; reaction; reactor
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        item: #415 of 7527
          id: cet-10599
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-10599
        date: 2019-10-17
       words: 2516
      flesch: 63
     summary: The benefits of the proper airfoil design optimal are increasing the efficiency of wind turbines and maximization of the power produced. Wind turbines are classified into two aspects; based on their size and electrical output power.
    keywords: figure; power; rotor; speed; turbine; wind
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        item: #416 of 7527
          id: cet-106
      author: TW
       title: cet-106
        date: 2017-10-04
       words: 3152
      flesch: 53
     summary: In practice, the optimal operating conditions obtained by off-line optimization and design may not be feasible or optimal for the real process, while (Müller et al., 2012) proposed to combine process models with plant operating data for the optimization of process operation. Optimization of process operation strategies by combining process models with plant operating data.
    keywords: control; engineering; model; mpc; optimization; process; rto; state
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        item: #417 of 7527
          id: cet-1060
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-1060
        date: 2018-01-18
       words: 3669
      flesch: 61
     summary: This paper takes the A-share listed companies in the chemical industry disclosing social responsibility reports in Shanghai and Shenzhen stock markets in China during 2009-2015 as samples, and uses the statistical regression method to carry out empirical analysis on the effects of corporate social responsibility on earnings management. Recently, a paradox has emerged in the studies of earnings management and corporate social responsibility: Corporate social responsibility in chemical industry is to suppress earnings management or cover up earnings management (Lyon et al., 2013)?
    keywords: + t; earnings; management; responsibility; t t
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        item: #418 of 7527
          id: cet-10600
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-10600
        date: 2019-10-17
       words: 3059
      flesch: 46
     summary: Natural gas is a critical component of Ireland's electricity generation, with 50 % of the country's annual electricity produced from natural gas and on occasion upto 80 % of peak power demand (Network, 2016). Due to the nature and molecular flow in gas network pipelines a quasi-unsteady state model is sufficient for this study.
    keywords: electricity; energy; gas; hydrogen; ireland; network; power; system; wind
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        item: #419 of 7527
          id: cet-10601
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-10601
        date: 2019-10-17
       words: 3619
      flesch: 43
     summary: Huang et al. (2004) were among the firsts to investigate the impact of PCMs attached to PV modules by experiments and finite-volume simulations for building integrated PV modules. Measured data include module temperatures, wind speed and direction, ambient temperature and solar irradiance.
    keywords: energy; heat; model; module; pcm; solar; temperature
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        item: #420 of 7527
          id: cet-10602
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-10602
        date: 2019-10-17
       words: 3633
      flesch: 51
     summary: In recent years, microgrids undertake the fulfillment of energy demand, mostly based on renewable energy. Each node of the microgrid comprises various Renewable Energy Sources (RES), miscellaneous types of energy storage (batteries and/or hydrogen) and the capability of energy exchange through a DC bus interconnection.
    keywords: control; dc dc; energy; exchange; microgrid; nmpc; node; power; time
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        item: #421 of 7527
          id: cet-10603
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-10603
        date: 2019-10-17
       words: 3999
      flesch: 53
     summary: The major objectives of this work are to combine internal operations and external operations of EVs, study the difference of battery capacity fading at different temperatures and figure out whether the optimal strategy of DOI: 10.3303/CET1976152 Paper Received: 22/02/2019; Revised: 30/04/2019; Accepted: 02/05/2019 Please cite this article as: Wang J., Kang L., Liu Y., 2019, Effects of Working Temperature on Route Planning for Electric Bus Fleets Based on Dynamic Programming, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 76, 907-912 DOI:10.3303/CET1976152 907 route planning for EBFs obtained at a constant temperature is still the optimal result when the working temperature changes. Due to the electric buses running on different routes, the daily working loads of the electric buses lead to different behaviours of battery capacity fading.
    keywords: battery; battery capacity; capacity; ebfs; planning; route; route planning; temperature
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        item: #422 of 7527
          id: cet-10604
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-10604
        date: 2019-10-17
       words: 3978
      flesch: 52
     summary: Energy providers can use Demand Response (DR) to control electricity load during peak hours and can have the ability to shift energy demand from one time period to another to achieve smooth consumption patterns. Also, the optimization results to the reduction of energy demand during peak hours or when the energy provider requests it.
    keywords: aggregator; appliances; comfort; consumer; demand; energy; iot; power
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        item: #423 of 7527
          id: cet-10605
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-10605
        date: 2019-10-17
       words: 3869
      flesch: 47
     summary: Filtration can only be used for microalgae particles larger than 70 μm. 2.1 Settling velocity and microalgae particles distribution The sedimentation test is described by a sedimentation curve, which is characterized by the dependence of height of the interface between the clear liquid and the settling suspension over time.
    keywords: centrifuge; culture; design; harvesting; medium; microalgae; parameters; separation; settler; suspension
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        item: #424 of 7527
          id: cet-10606
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-10606
        date: 2019-10-17
       words: 3954
      flesch: 58
     summary: Martinez-Laserna E., Sarasketa-Zabala E., Sarria I.V., Stroe D.I., Swierczynski M., Warnecke A., Timmermans J.M., Goutam S., Omar N., Rodriguez P., 2018, Technical viability of battery second life: a study from the ageing perspective, IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications, 54 (3), 2703-2713. Constraint of battery capacity can be expressed as ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )1 , b b dc dc ch chQ k Q k E k E k k K =
    keywords: batteries; battery; capacity; cost; energy; lcc; life; tac
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        item: #425 of 7527
          id: cet-10607
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-10607
        date: 2019-10-17
       words: 4323
      flesch: 56
     summary: Since the use of fuel cells does not lead to combustion or gasification, the emissions are reduced to a minimum. In addition, fuel cells are usually operated as a combined heat and power plant (Zahoransky, 2013).
    keywords: accumulator; biomass; boiler; cell; costs; demand; energy; fuel; fuel cell; gas; steam
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        item: #426 of 7527
          id: cet-10608
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-10608
        date: 2019-10-17
       words: 2371
      flesch: 38
     summary: The rooftop area that can be utilized for solar energy was estimated manually using Google MapsTM, with appropriate spaces for workers and possibility of shading were considered. Conclusions This work proposes a framework that can be used by industrial establishments to assess solar PV hybrid system for industrial establishments based on their rooftop area, energy demand, energy use, and the current policy scenario.
    keywords: energy; establishments; grid; hybrid; policy; systems
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        item: #427 of 7527
          id: cet-10609
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-10609
        date: 2019-10-17
       words: 3612
      flesch: 48
     summary: It requires inputs such as the energy demand (e.g. electrical load), RE sources (solar irradiation, wind speeds and biomass supply), costs/technical information of the different system components, economic constraints, etc. These low values can be due to the high energy demand in the islands and low biomass supply.
    keywords: biomass; diesel; energy; fuel; grid; islands; lcoe; systems
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        item: #428 of 7527
          id: cet-1061
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-1061
        date: 2018-01-18
       words: 2916
      flesch: 40
     summary: Therefore, in order to promote the chemical talents in promoting the innovation of this green chemical technology, the work of chemical talents in the eastern part of our country should vigorously promote the reform of chemical talent development system and policy innovation, highlighting the advantages of highly skilled personnel so as to release the bonus of human capital, to form a new situation in the development of green chemical technology to support the support of chemical talents. Therefore, this paper tries to make a comparative analysis of the development level of green chemical technology in all regions of eastern China from the perspective of talent competitiveness, scientifically evaluate the differences in the development level of green chemical technology in all regions in eastern China, and so as to further promote the green chemical technology in this region The innovation has important practical significance.
    keywords: b b; chemical; evaluation; talent; technology
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        item: #429 of 7527
          id: cet-10610
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-10610
        date: 2019-10-17
       words: 2980
      flesch: 41
     summary: Flywheels in hybrid energy system configuration offer higher RE share relative to lithium-ion batteries. 3.2 Sensitivity Analysis Figure 2 shows the LCOE sensitivity of different energy systems configuration towards diesel price (base price of 0.90 USD/dm3).
    keywords: battery; diesel; energy; flywheel; ion; lithium; solar
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        item: #430 of 7527
          id: cet-10611
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-10611
        date: 2019-10-17
       words: 3210
      flesch: 50
     summary: In this work, the technical feasibility and economic viability of grid parity and defection were determined for residential customers in the major cities of the Philippines (Manila, Cebu and Davao) based on the franchise areas of Manila Electric Company, Visayan Electric Company, and Davao Light and Power Company. Results show that grid parity and defection would be possible for residential customers starting in the next 30 y, with customers from Cebu more likely to defect first followed by Manila and then Davao.
    keywords: battery; clustering; defection; electricity; energy; grid; parity
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        item: #431 of 7527
          id: cet-10612
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-10612
        date: 2019-10-17
       words: 3541
      flesch: 54
     summary: 2. Sizing solar collector networks The methodology for the design of a network of solar collectors is taken from Martínez-Rodríguez et al. (2019). In the case of solar collector networks, the variable to optimise is the number of collectors in series for a fixed target temperature.
    keywords: case; collectors; cost; energy; network; optimisation; solar; temperature; total
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        item: #432 of 7527
          id: cet-10613
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-10613
        date: 2019-10-17
       words: 3609
      flesch: 41
     summary: Off-grid systems simulated using ISLA reports 30 % decrease in the generation cost using hybrid microgrid against diesel systems, with capital costs projected from USD 0.5 to 1 million (~PHP 20 to 55 million). Hybrid systems prove to be technically feasible in competing against diesel systems due to cleaner and more sustainable renewable energy sources used, and the lower reliance to fossil fuels.
    keywords: areas; cost; diesel; energy; financing; lcoe; solar; systems
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        item: #433 of 7527
          id: cet-10614
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-10614
        date: 2019-10-17
       words: 3925
      flesch: 44
     summary: It is important that ratings in terms of combined utilities or utility networks are possible due to hybrid utility systems can increase SE. The approach is also able to make ratings in terms of combined utilities or utility networks.
    keywords: ability; efficiency; energy; flexibility; power; properties; rating; system; utilities; utility
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        item: #434 of 7527
          id: cet-10615
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-10615
        date: 2019-10-17
       words: 3489
      flesch: 51
     summary: For sawdust, the maximum yield of the desired products was achieved with the use of acetic acid lignin, sunflower husk, and buckwheat husk when using the Klasson lignin. Figure 2: The yield of hydrocarbons C9+ depending on the type of isolation for different types of lignin For sawdust, the maximum yield of lignin 21.0 ± 1.7 % (Table 1) was achieved by Klasson method, but the maximum yield of the desired products - 60% was achieved with the use of acetic acid lignin (Figure 2).
    keywords: catalyst; hydrocarbons; hydrogenolysis; lignin; pressure; temperature; yield
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        item: #435 of 7527
          id: cet-10616
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-10616
        date: 2019-10-17
       words: 2950
      flesch: 49
     summary: Hypercrosslinked polystyrene (HPS, MN270, non- functionalized, Purolight Ltd., UK) was preliminary washed with acetone and dried at 70±2 ºC. Hydrated cobalt and nickel nitrates (Co(NO3)2·6H2O, Ni(NO3)2·6H2O, chemically grade, ReaChim, Russia), sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3, chemically grade, ReaChim, Russia) were used without any pre-treatment for catalyst synthesis. In the example, in the last decades, different Ni-, Pt- and Pd- containing catalysts were developed for hydrodeoxygenation (Stepacheva et al., 2016).
    keywords: acid; catalyst; deoxygenation; hexane; hps; process; reaction; temperature
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        item: #436 of 7527
          id: cet-10617
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-10617
        date: 2019-10-17
       words: 3203
      flesch: 51
     summary: Figure 3: Economic assessment for all WWTP archetypes 4.4 Italian outlook This paper builds on the optimized results for each WWTP archetype to provide an Italian market outlook for biogas exploitation. Future work will include more options for biogas exploitation and expand the analysis to all WWTP in Europe.
    keywords: biogas; electricity; energy; exploitation; figure; market; sofc; wwtp
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        item: #437 of 7527
          id: cet-10618
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-10618
        date: 2019-10-17
       words: 3433
      flesch: 55
     summary: 1000 Table 4: External fuel exergy contributions of simplified production structure Comp. Table 3: External fuel exergy contribution rates of I component products Comp.
    keywords: class; component; contribution; exergy; fuel; product; production; solar; structure; system
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        item: #438 of 7527
          id: cet-10619
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-10619
        date: 2019-10-17
       words: 2569
      flesch: 44
     summary: In fact, the crucial step in wind assessment is to determine wind resource provided an accurate wind speed modelling (Mazzeo et al., 2018), as can be the probability density function (PDF) that focuses on wind speed distribution parameters which allow to determine Weibull parameters (Gugliani et al., 2018); and is that if wind speed follows the Weibull distribution with scale parameter which has the same units as wind speed (c) and dimensionless shape parameter (k), load and power density also follow 1003 DOI: 10.3303/CET1976168 Paper Received: 16/03/2019; Revised: 20/05/2019; Accepted: 02/06/2019 Please cite this article as: Alcala G., Perea-Moreno A.J., Hernandez-Escobedo Q., 2019, Wind Resource Assessment using Weibull Function for Different Periods of the Day in the Yucatan Peninsula, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 76, 1003-1008 DOI:10.3303/CET1976168 the same distribution with shape parameter k/2 and k/3 respectively, and scale parameters c2 and c3 respectively (Chang, 2013). In the case of Mexico in 2017 the total electricity consumption was 260,052 GWh, renewables contributed around 77,907 GWh which represents 30% of electric generation, out of which wind energy contributed with 10,378 GWh (4% of generation) (SIE, 2019) generated by 46 wind farms across the country.
    keywords: data; energy; peninsula; power; speed; wind; wpd; yucatan
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        item: #439 of 7527
          id: cet-1062
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-1062
        date: 2018-01-18
       words: 3236
      flesch: 37
     summary: Construction of the evaluation index system and the evaluation method 2.1 Establishment of the evaluation index system Based on the status quo of chemical technology and the development of chemical industry in China, this paper constructs the evaluation index system of technological innovation ability of regional chemical industry is constructed, which is shown in Table 1. Taking Shanghai, Jiangsu and Zhejiang provinces in 2016 as an example, the result found that: on the whole, in the comprehensive evaluation of innovation ability of chemical industry talents in science and technology, the evaluation results are as follows:
    keywords: chemical; industry; innovation; talents; technology
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        item: #440 of 7527
          id: cet-10620
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-10620
        date: 2019-10-17
       words: 2867
      flesch: 35
     summary: In view of the thermodynamic cycle analysis presented in Figure 5, the following conclusions are derived: i) the geothermal power plant (using typical components efficiencies and without solar preheating) can achieve thermal efficiency over 6 %, i.e., a value close to the thermal efficiency of the most well-known examples of such applications, as, for instance, in the case of the low-enthalpy geothermal plant in Hot Springs, Alaska, which achieves an 8.2 % cycle efficiency, by utilizing geothermal water temperature of 73.33oC and cooling water temperature of 4.44 oC (Aneke et al., 2011). On the other hand, the case study of Seomko-Do in South Korea, with geothermal source temperature of ~70 oC, as presented in Kho et al. (2014), also demonstrates that, with a careful design, ORC power plants operating with low enthalpy geothermal sources can be efficiently applied for electricity production.
    keywords: cycle; efficiency; geothermal; heat; performance; power; temperature; water
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        item: #441 of 7527
          id: cet-10621
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-10621
        date: 2019-10-17
       words: 4358
      flesch: 44
     summary: It should be noted that Tank 1 is heated only when temperature in the tank is lower than temperature of the circulating water and thus in order to efficiently utilise solar thermal energy, Tank 2 is suggested and is further heated by backup utility to the required temperature. Its strategic integration in buildings, especially for hot water supply, has been described as one of the most feasible and economical means of utilizing solar energy (Dehghan et al., 2011).
    keywords: buildings; energy; heat; heating; kwh; months; space; storage; tank; temperature; thermal; water
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        item: #442 of 7527
          id: cet-10622
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-10622
        date: 2019-10-17
       words: 2784
      flesch: 48
     summary: In this study, a simulation flow sheet has been developed for biogas conversion using Aspen Plus, developing the simulation model for each component of biogas conversion processes and handling the relationship among the different units. The effects of water flow rate, operating temperature and pressure, current density and fuel utilization factor are all considered influencing parameters.
    keywords: acid; biogas; co2; flow; fuel; pressure; process; temperature; water
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        item: #443 of 7527
          id: cet-10623
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-10623
        date: 2019-10-17
       words: 3103
      flesch: 54
     summary: However, when the volume is limited, two possibilities emerge: Either, storage volume can be kept limited, or space extensions can be considered. By considering these costs, it may be more economical to reduce storage volume.
    keywords: batch; capacity; heat; optimization; storage; volume; vsu
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        item: #444 of 7527
          id: cet-10624
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-10624
        date: 2019-10-17
       words: 3329
      flesch: 31
     summary: Table 1: Design assumptions Plant sub-system Specifications Coal characteristics Composition (% wt. dry): 72.30 % carbon, 4.11 % hydrogen, 1.69 % nitrogen, 7.45 % oxygen, 0.56 % sulphur, 13.89 % ash; Moisture: 8 %; Lower calorific value (as received conditions): 25.17 MJ/kg Pulverised coal power plant Super-critical steam cycle: (290 bar / 582 oC) with two steam reheat (75 bar / 580 oC and 20 bar / 580 oC) with 500 MW net power output Selective catalytic reduction with 95 % NOx removal efficiency Wet limestone desulphurisation with 98-99 % SOx removal efficiency Integrated gasification combined cycle (IGCC) power plant Shell entrained-flow gasifier operated at 40 bar Acid gas removal based on MDEA for H2S and CO2 capture Combined cycle based on 1 x M701G2 gas turbine (334 MW net) Cement plant Capacity: 1 Mt/y cement Selective catalytic reduction with 95 % NOx removal efficiency Wet limestone desulphurisation with 98-99 % SOx removal efficiency Integrated steel mill Capacity: 4 Mt/y hot rolled coil (HRC) CO2 capture from steam plant, hot stoves, lime kilns and coke ovens Heat and power block: Subcritical steam boiler (169 bar / 565 oC) with steam reheat (40 bar / 565 oC) / Combined cycle (HP 100 bar / MP 25 bar / LP 9 bar with MP reheat) CO2 capture unit based on reactive gas-liquid absorption cycle Solvent: 50% aqueous solution of methyl-diethanol-amine (MDEA) Absorption column: 40 - 50 oC / Desorption column: 110 - 125 oC CO2 capture rate: 90 % CO2 capture unit based on reactive calcium looping cycle Sorbent: calcium-based sorbent (limestone) Carbonation reactor: 550 - 600 oC / Calcination reactor: 800 - 950 oC CO2 capture rate: 90 % Air separation unit (for calcination reactor of calcium looping cycle) The assessments are focused on conceptual design, modelling and simulation, process integration and technical and environmental assessment of CO2 capture with potential applications in industrial sectors with high greenhouse gas emissions e.g. power generation, metallurgy, cement, chemicals.
    keywords: capture; carbon; case; co2; combustion; energy; gas; plant; power
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        item: #445 of 7527
          id: cet-10625
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-10625
        date: 2019-10-17
       words: 3432
      flesch: 46
     summary: From the balanced Composite Curve shown in Figure 3, information about the energy targets and heat transfer area costs of the HENs in this study was deduced. In this study, a sequential procedure is presented for the synthesis of heat exchanger network for multi-period operations with specified uncertainties in flow rates and variations in inlet and outlet temperatures of process streams.
    keywords: area; co2; energy; heat; hen; network; period; study
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        item: #446 of 7527
          id: cet-10626
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-10626
        date: 2019-10-17
       words: 3789
      flesch: 44
     summary: Specifically, CO2 capture systems utilizing phase-change solvents seem to have certain advantages over conventionally proposed solvents (i.e., MEA) for climate change mitigation (Liu et al., 2019). Figure 1: Process structure of CO2 capture process utilizing phase-change solvent 1046 2.2 LCA The goal and scope of LCA in this framework is to evaluate the cradle-to-gate impact from capturing 1 t of CO2 by the MCA solvent-based capture system.
    keywords: capture; change; chemical; co2; flue; gas; impact; phase; process; solvents; system
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        item: #447 of 7527
          id: cet-10627
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-10627
        date: 2019-10-17
       words: 3438
      flesch: 49
     summary: Time (min) (a) 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 0wt% DETA-HSNs/DMEE 20wt% DETA-HSNs/DMEE 40wt% DETA-HSNs/DMEE 60wt% DETA-HSNs/DMEE t/ q t Time (min) (b) Figure 7: Fitting of absorption kinetic models of CO2 absorption in DETA-HSNs/DMEE: (a) pseudo-first-order model; (b) pseudo-second-order model Figure 7 shows the relationship of ln(qe-qt) versus t for pseudo-first-order model and the relationship of t/qt versus t for pseudo-second-order model, and the approximated values of k1, k2, qe and corresponding coefficients of determination R2 calculated by linear regression are listed in Table 1. The fitting of absorption kinetic models of CO2 absorption in DETA-HSNs/DMEE shows that pseudo-second-order model is more successful to predict the CO2 absorption process in the colloidal suspensions.
    keywords: absorption; co2; deta; dmee; figure; hsns; model; order; pseudo; silica
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        item: #448 of 7527
          id: cet-10628
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-10628
        date: 2019-10-17
       words: 3230
      flesch: 49
     summary: It is essential to specify GHG emissions in Kazakhstan, especially that from energy consumption, which has not been studied deeply so far. This study can contribute to understanding energy consumption and GHG emissions in Kazakhstan.
    keywords: coal; consumption; emissions; energy; ghg; ghg emissions; kazakhstan; study; world
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        item: #449 of 7527
          id: cet-10629
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-10629
        date: 2019-10-17
       words: 3425
      flesch: 52
     summary: As a widely used indicator, water footprint (WF) (Hoekstra, 2003) is helpful to represent the water consumption and track the virtual water flow in international trade. Water footprints of nations (No. 16), The University of Twente, the Netherlands.
    keywords: czech; footprint; hoekstra; republic; trade; water; water footprint
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        item: #450 of 7527
          id: cet-1063
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-1063
        date: 2018-01-18
       words: 3093
      flesch: 43
     summary: However, environmental pollution caused by chemical industry in China seriously restricts the sustainable development of China Therefore; environmental regulation is implemented in China to promote the green development of chemical industry. The study finds: As a whole, there are no typical characteristics of EKC between the three types of environmental pollution caused by economic growth and the development of chemical industry in Jiangsu and the whole country; Under the same GDP level, per capita industrial emissions and per capita COD emissions of chemical industry in Jiangsu Province are respectively higher than the national overall level, which means that Jiangsu Province has achieved certain environmental regulatory performance, but its overall of the environmental regulation level is inferior to the national average, and the impact of environmental regulation on China's chemical industry is very limited.
    keywords: capita; chemical; chemical industry; gdp; industry; waste
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        item: #451 of 7527
          id: cet-10630
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-10630
        date: 2019-10-17
       words: 3935
      flesch: 42
     summary: Yang Y.G., Xu J.H., Cai B., Wang Q.C., Xiu D.P., Zhao Z.B., 2013, Synthesis and applications of black ceramic from recycled industrial wastes, Advances in Applied Ceramics Structural, 112, 146-148. Zabolotnaya N.V., Salnikova E.V., Osipova E.A., 2014, Recycling of hydrofluoric acid waste, Bulletin of Orenburg State University 170 (9), 164 – 167. (in Russian) Zeng J, Yue Y., Gao Q., Zhang J., Zhou J., Pan Y., Qian G., Tang J., Ruan J., 2019, Co-treatment of hazardous wastes by the thermal plasma to produce an effective catalyst, Journal of Cleaner Production, 208, 243-251. This is especially important for the possibility of subsequent synthesis of new ceramic materials based on neutralised industrial waste.
    keywords: acid; calcium; fluoroanhydrite; materials; neutralisation; process; production; reagents; use; waste
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        item: #452 of 7527
          id: cet-10631
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-10631
        date: 2019-10-17
       words: 3861
      flesch: 53
     summary: Concerning the socio-demographic variables, it is found that the household structure is not a significant variable, which is in disagreement with previous research activities concerning the relationship between transportation fuel consumption and household variables (see the discussion proposed in the introduction). A publication of The Italian Association of Chemical Engineering Online at www.aidic.it/cet Guest Editors: Petar S. Varbanov, Timothy G. Walmsley, Jiří J. Klemeš, Panos Seferlis Copyright © 2019, AIDIC Servizi S.r.l. ISBN 978-88-95608-73-0; ISSN 2283-9216 On the Relationship between Private Transportation Expenditure and Socio-Demographic Variables Giorgio Besagni*, Corine Nsangwe Businge, Marco Borgarello Ricerca sul Sistema Energetico - RSE S.p.A., Power System Development Department, via Rubattino 54, 20134 Milano, Italy giorgio.besagni@rse-web.it A precise understanding of the relationships between household characteristics and transportation expenditures is of paramount importance to support bottom-up policies.
    keywords: consumption; energy; expenditure; household; income; socio; transportation; variables
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        item: #453 of 7527
          id: cet-10632
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-10632
        date: 2019-10-17
       words: 3742
      flesch: 51
     summary: Likewise, if the needed current is lower than IFC_rated and greater than IFC_idling then IFC_opt can be either IFC_idling or 0. 1 _ , _ _c1(j) (i) (j) 1 1 _idling, _ _c _ idling1 1(j) (i) (j) (i) (j) _ (j) _ (j) , 0, j FC rated FC rated D rated rated ratedi j j FC FC rated D rated rated rated idling ci i j FC FC D rated idling ci j FC D rated idling ci FC t t t I if I E V and t t if I E V and t t if I E − − = = − = − = ≥ ≥
    keywords: energy; grid; hydrogen; node; operation; rated; tool
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        item: #454 of 7527
          id: cet-10633
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-10633
        date: 2019-10-17
       words: 4185
      flesch: 47
     summary: Feasible combinations of renewable energy systems are compared and analyzed based on Net present cost (NPC) and Cost of energy (COE) to get optimal solution. To properly size hybrid renewable energy systems and their integrations, it is necessary to characterize not only the electricity consumption but also the fluctuations of demand along the day.
    keywords: areas; biogas; cost; energy; hybrid; load; power; system; village; wind
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        item: #455 of 7527
          id: cet-10634
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-10634
        date: 2019-10-17
       words: 3171
      flesch: 62
     summary: Coal production capacity is expected to gradually shrink. The optimal reduction path of coal production capacity is obtained by minimising the overall cost by 2050.
    keywords: capacity; coal; cost; production; transportation
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        item: #456 of 7527
          id: cet-10635
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-10635
        date: 2019-10-17
       words: 3102
      flesch: 46
     summary: There is a growing number of publications on shale gas supply chain design focusing on various aspects of sustainability, such as water management (Gao et al., 2015), water-energy nexus (Oke et al, 2019), market uncertainty (Chebeir, 2017), estimated ultimate recovery uncertainty (Gao et al., 2017), modular manufacturing of shale gas (Gao et al., 2017), upgrading of shale gas (Yang et al., 2018), among others. A publication of The Italian Association of Chemical Engineering Online at www.aidic.it/cet Guest Editors: Petar S. Varbanov, Timothy G. Walmsley, Jiří J. Klemeš, Panos Seferlis Copyright © 2019, AIDIC Servizi S.r.l. ISBN 978-88-95608-73-0; ISSN 2283-9216 Analysing Shale Gas Energy Systems using Dynamic Material Flow Analysis Jiyao Gao*, Fengqi You Cornell University, 318 Olin Hall, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA jg2242@cornell.edu This work develops a novel dynamic material flow analysis (MFA)-based optimisation modelling framework for sustainable design of shale gas energy systems.
    keywords: chain; design; energy; environmental; gas; shale; shale gas; supply
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        item: #457 of 7527
          id: cet-10636
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-10636
        date: 2019-10-17
       words: 3487
      flesch: 62
     summary: In order to realize the carbon emission target in the Reference Scenario, renewable energy power plants would substitute nearly 20 TWh of electricity which would have been generated by coal power plants (Figure 4b). Besides, annual newly-built capacity of power plants should not exceed the limit of construction speed (NB), as expressed in Eq(18).
    keywords: energy; generation; load; plants; power; r r; r t; t g; t t
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        item: #458 of 7527
          id: cet-10637
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-10637
        date: 2019-10-17
       words: 3871
      flesch: 44
     summary: Need of oil crops for bio-diesel production has been increasing due to its sustainable characteristic as compared to fossil fuel. Transportation cost, Transport_cost is determined by using Eq(6), where Demand represents the demand of bio-diesel at bio-diesel mixing plant; dr i p represents truck travelled distance to deliver oil crops, i from resource r to plant p with road freight rate of RFR.
    keywords: bio; carbon; cost; crop; diesel; element; model; oil; production; sustainability; usage; utilisation
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        item: #459 of 7527
          id: cet-10638
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-10638
        date: 2019-10-17
       words: 3782
      flesch: 55
     summary:  ,( ) oper inv GD GB n k k k n n k n C f C In other words, the selection of battery type and the determination of battery capacity are a trade-off between the cost and performance under a given power curve.
    keywords: batteries; bess; k k; k n; n e; n n; power
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        item: #460 of 7527
          id: cet-10639
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-10639
        date: 2019-10-17
       words: 4700
      flesch: 53
     summary: Figure 3: Structure of DEIWW under different EDSs in different regions 4.2 Energy bases analysis Figure 4: Analysis of supply and demand of energy industrial water withdrawal in typical energy bases 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 2 0 1 5 2 0 2 0 2 0 2 5 2 0 3 0 2 0 1 5 2 0 2 0 2 0 2 5 2 0 3 0 2 0 1 5 2 0 2 0 2 0 2 5 2 0 3 0 2 0 1 5 2 0 2 0 2 0 2 5 2 0 3 0 2 0 1 5 2 0 2 0 2 0 2 5 2 0 3 0 BAU NPS 450S NPS- LDPT 450- LDPT D e m a n d o f e n e rg y in d u s tr ia l w a te r w it h d ra w a l (× 1 0 8 m 3 ) (a) Inner Mongolia 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 2 0 1 5 2 0 2 0 2 0 2 5 2 0 3 0 2 0 1 5 2 0 2 0 2 0 2 5 2 0 3 0 2 0 1 5 2 0 2 0 2 0 2 5 2 0 3 0 2 0 1 5 2 0 2 0 2 0 2 5 2 0 3 0 2 0 1 5 2 0 2 0 2 0 2 5 2 0 3 0 BAU NPS 450S NPS- LDPT 450- LDPT D e m a n d o f e n e rg y in d u s tr ia l w a te r w it h d ra w a l (× 1 0 8 m 3 ) (b) Shaanxi - Gansu - Ningxia 0 2 4 6 8 10 2 0 1 5 2 0 2 0 2 0 2 5 2 0 3 0 2 0 1 5 2 0 2 0 2 0 2 5 2 0 3 0 2 0 1 5 2 0 2 0 2 0 2 5 2 0 3 0 2 0 1 5 2 0 2 0 2 0 2 5 2 0 3 0 2 0 1 5 2 0 2 0 2 0 2 5 2 0 3 0 BAU NPS 450S NPS- LDPT 450- LDPT D e m a n d o f e n e rg y in d u s tr ia l w a te r w it h d ra w a l (× 1 0 8 m 3 ) (c) Jiangsu - Shanghai - Zhejiang - Fujian 0 3 6 9 2015 2020 2025 2030 D e m a n d o f e n e rg y i n d u s tr ia l w a te r w it h d ra w a l (× 1 0 8 m 3 ) (a) Yulin a1×b1 a1×b2 a2×b1 a2×b2 Red line of water supply 0 3 6 9 2015 2020 2025 2030 D e m a n d o f e n e rg y i n d u s tr ia l w a te r w it h d ra w a l (× 1 0 8 m 3 ) (b) Ningdong a1×b1 a1×b2 a2×b1 a2×b2 Red line of water supply 0 4 8 12 2015 2020 2025 2030 D e m a n d o f e n e rg y i n d u s tr ia l w a te r w it h d ra w a l (× 1 0 8 m 3 ) (c) Ordos a1×b1 a1×b2 a2×b1 a2×b2 Red line of water supply 1127 Figure 4 compares the supply and the demand of future energy industrial water withdrawal in Yulin, Ningdong and Ordos under different scenarios. Understanding the impact of regional differences on energy industrial water withdrawal remains a challenge.
    keywords: e n; energy; n d; water; withdrawal
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        item: #461 of 7527
          id: cet-1064
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-1064
        date: 2018-01-18
       words: 2844
      flesch: 31
     summary: Empirical analysis for environmental accounting information disclosure 3.1 General situation of EA information disclosure in chemical industry Now, the number of enterprises for EA information disclosure among Chinese chemical enterprises presents the continuously increasing trend, But, as a whole, the enterprises have lower EA information disclosure level, and the large gap still exists between these enterprises in terms of EA information disclosure level.
    keywords: analysis; disclosure; ea information; information; information disclosure; regression
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        item: #462 of 7527
          id: cet-10640
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-10640
        date: 2019-10-17
       words: 2520
      flesch: 53
     summary: A base case where energy system without RO is also simulated where it uses a load following algorithm (Blechinger, 2015) for comparison. Bajpai and Dash (2012) have shown that hybrid energy systems are optimal for stand-alone applications such as off-grid islands as backup generators and storage components can cover for the intermittency of renewable energy sources.
    keywords: case; cost; demand; desalination; energy; system; water
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        item: #463 of 7527
          id: cet-10641
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-10641
        date: 2019-10-17
       words: 2782
      flesch: 40
     summary: Hybrid energy systems are often modelled to achieve the lowest levelized costs of electricity (LCOE) by avoiding undersized or oversized components (He et al., 2017). Barley C.D., Winn C.B., 1996, Optimal dispatch strategy in remote hybrid power systems, Solar Energy, 58, 165-179. 1139 Bertheau P., Blechinger P., 2018, Resilient solar energy island supply to support SDG7 on the Philippines: Techno-economic optimized electrification strategy for small islands, Utilities Policy, 54, 55-77.
    keywords: diesel; energy; grid; hybrid; power; solar; systems; usd; wind
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        item: #464 of 7527
          id: cet-10642
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-10642
        date: 2019-10-17
       words: 4386
      flesch: 62
     summary: The most important requirement is a certain level of electricity costs compared to the gross value added: list 1 of attachment 4 of EEG law and electrical energy costs intensity (EECI) is over 14% OR list 2 of attachment 4 of EEG law and EECI is over 20%. There are laws to relief energy intensive companies and some strict thresholds and boundaries were introduced.
    keywords: costs; electricity; energy; grid; kwh; levy; load; price
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        item: #465 of 7527
          id: cet-10643
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-10643
        date: 2019-10-17
       words: 4459
      flesch: 49
     summary: Turconi, R, Boldrin, A, Astrup, TF, 2013, Life cycle assessment (LCA) of electricity generation technologies: Overview, comparability and limitations, Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 28, 555-565. Luin, B, Petelin, S, Al-Mansour, F, 2019, Microsimulation of electric vehicle energy consumption.
    keywords: adoption; capacity; capital; carbon; coal; cost; electricity; energy; model; power; technology
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        item: #466 of 7527
          id: cet-10644
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-10644
        date: 2019-10-17
       words: 3784
      flesch: 28
     summary: A publication of The Italian Association of Chemical Engineering Online at www.aidic.it/cet Guest Editors: Petar S. Varbanov, Timothy G. Walmsley, Jiří J. Klemeš, Panos Seferlis Copyright © 2019, AIDIC Servizi S.r.l. ISBN 978-88-95608-73-0; ISSN 2283-9216 Optimal Multi-Criteria Selection of Energy Storage Systems for Grid Applications Salvador Marrod M. Cruza,b, Eugene J. Esparciaa, Jethro Daniel A. Pascasioa, Raymond R. Tanc,d, Kathleen B. Avisoc,d, Michael Angelo B. Promentillac,d, Joey D. Ocona,b,* aLaboratory of Electrochemical Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of the Philippines Diliman Quezon City, 1101 Philippines bEnergy Engineering Program, College of Engineering, University of the Philippines Diliman, Quezon City, 1101 Philippines cCenter for Engineering and Sustainable Development Research, De La Salle University, 2401 Taft Avenue, 0922 Manila, Philippines dChemical Engineering Department, De La Salle University, 2401 Taft Avenue, 0922 Manila, Philippines jdocon@up.edu.ph Currently, a wide variety of energy storage alternatives are available, each with a unique set of characteristics advantageous on selective applications. A systematic approach on the selection of energy storage technologies based on multiple and possible conflicting factors was proposed in this study for two specific applications: frequency regulation and load levelling.
    keywords: alternatives; applications; battery; criteria; decision; energy; frequency; regulation; storage
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        item: #467 of 7527
          id: cet-10645
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-10645
        date: 2019-10-17
       words: 3408
      flesch: 32
     summary: Jaeckel, A., 2019, Strategic environmental planning for deep seabed mining in the area, Marine Policy, DOI: 10.1016/j.marpol.2019.01.012. Krog, L., Sperling, K., 2019, A comprehensive framework for strategic energy planning based on Danish and international insights, Energy Strategy Reviews, 24, 83-93. Development of the method for strategic planning requires an integrative approach taken from strategic management and planning concepts, technology innovation, as well as related knowledge in renewable energy technologies.
    keywords: energy; energy technologies; method; planning; research; technologies; technology
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        item: #468 of 7527
          id: cet-10646
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-10646
        date: 2019-10-17
       words: 4245
      flesch: 28
     summary: To this extent, the PoWER Methodology, thanks to its high transferability, is meant to be replicated throughout the ADRION area, so to widen and strengthen the Innovation Hubs Network, but also to be translated as a reference best practice for fostering ports innovation within other European Macro-Regional areas. Within this framework, the concept of IH has been recently recognized as most proper for triggering the development of port areas while increasing their positive spillovers on cities and territories (Gras, 2019).
    keywords: adrion; area; cities; development; foresight; hubs; ideas; innovation; methodology; needs; port; power
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        item: #469 of 7527
          id: cet-10647
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-10647
        date: 2019-10-17
       words: 3644
      flesch: 58
     summary: Lindfors et al. (2015) compared the differences of the co-processing of fast pyrolysis oil, HDT fast pyrolysis oil and catalytic pyrolysis oil with VGO in an FCC. The operating cost contains the costs of biomass, electricity, water, hydrogen, catalysts for catalytic pyrolysis and bio-oil HDT processes.
    keywords: bio; biomass; cost; oil; processing; production; pyrolysis; vgo
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        item: #470 of 7527
          id: cet-10648
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-10648
        date: 2019-10-17
       words: 4141
      flesch: 58
     summary: Hofmann Ph., Panopoulos K.D., Aravind P.V., Siedlecki M., Schweiger A., Karl J., Ouweltjes J.P., Kakaras E., 2009, Operation of solid oxide fuel cell on biomass product gas with tar levels >10 g Nm-3, International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 34, 9203-9212. Furthermore, at constant CH4 molar fraction (cases B or C), it is seen that an increase in H2O content results 1179 in an increase in gasifier pressure, as higher steam content inhibits CH4 formation.
    keywords: biomass; co2; content; energy; gasifier; heat; methanol; pressure; soec; steam; syngas; system
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        item: #471 of 7527
          id: cet-10649
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-10649
        date: 2019-10-17
       words: 3253
      flesch: 58
     summary: This paper presents a systematic computer-aided molecular design (CAMD) methodology for designing optimal solvents for the synthesis of TMQ reaction system where the function of such solvents is to enhance the yield by optimal selectivity of reaction and extraction of TMQ products. 5. Conclusions Computer-Aided Molecular Design (CAMD) methodology for identifying optimal solvents for the synthesis of TMQ reaction system is proposed to improve the yield by optimal selectivity of reaction and extraction of TMQ products.
    keywords: chemical; design; model; phase; reaction; solvents; tmq
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        item: #472 of 7527
          id: cet-1065
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-1065
        date: 2018-01-18
       words: 3750
      flesch: 58
     summary: The assumptions are made as follows: hazardous chemicals waste transportation network is static; transportation route is unlimited; different kinds of chemical wastes are not transported in the same vehicle. 62, 2017 A publication of The Italian Association of Chemical Engineering Online at www.aidic.it/cet Guest Editors: Fei Song, Haibo Wang, Fang He Copyright © 2017, AIDIC Servizi S.r.l. ISBN 978-88-95608- 60-0; ISSN 2283-9216 Research on Optimization of Location-Logistics of Hazardous Chemicals Waste Based on Uncertainty Conditions Haiying Wang Shangqiu Polytechnic, Shangqiu 476000, China zhbh126@163.com Based on the full study of the existing literature, in order to effectively solve the technical problems related to the location-transportation routing of hazardous chemicals waste, the multi-objective optimization model of risk, cost and risk equity of transportation and location is established in this paper with considerations of chemicals waste output and uncertainty of processing technologies.
    keywords: risk
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        item: #473 of 7527
          id: cet-10650
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-10650
        date: 2019-10-17
       words: 3687
      flesch: 53
     summary: In this matrix, each row corresponds a distillation sequence, each column corresponds a component, and each element represent the number of times the corresponding component as non-key component in the corresponding distillation sequence, and there are a total of n components to be separated, and the corresponding number of distillation sequences is Sn. 1 11 1 1 1 1 1 n n n j n j n i ij in S S j S nn n A publication of The Italian Association of Chemical Engineering Online at www.aidic.it/cet Guest Editors: Petar S. Varbanov, Timothy G. Walmsley, Jiří J. Klemeš, Panos Seferlis Copyright © 2019, AIDIC Servizi S.r.l. ISBN 978-88-95608-73-0; ISSN 2283-9216 A Systematic Method for Integrating Reactor and Extractive Distillation Considering the Variation of Reactor Parameters Changfang Yin, Donghui Lv, Guilian Liu* School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi Province, China guilianliui@mail.xjtu.edu.cn A systematic method is proposed to integrate reactor and extractive distillation, and identify the optimal solvent, solvent to feed ratio and extractive distillation sequence.
    keywords: component; distillation; extractive; feed; reactor; sequence; solvent
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        item: #474 of 7527
          id: cet-10651
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-10651
        date: 2019-10-17
       words: 2984
      flesch: 35
     summary: Ethanol in gasoline fuel blends: Effect on fuel consumption and engine out emissions of SI engines in cold operating conditions, Applied Thermal Engineering 130, 1081– 1089. Moreover, the water absorption rate of blended gasoline is also required in order to predict the shelf-life of blended gasoline at different alcohol concentration.
    keywords: absorption; alcohol; engine; ethanol; fuel; gasoline; liquid; model; water
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        item: #475 of 7527
          id: cet-10652
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-10652
        date: 2019-10-17
       words: 2873
      flesch: 49
     summary: Table 1: Industrial cluster plants and capacities Plant Products Reference Resource Max Capacity (t/y) Capex ($/t) Moreover, renewable energy sources can be incorporated, which will further reduce CO2 emissions.
    keywords: cluster; co2; energy; methanol; plants; power; production
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        item: #476 of 7527
          id: cet-10654
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-10654
        date: 2019-10-17
       words: 3003
      flesch: 52
     summary: Hydrogen turbines have been successfully applied in practical industrial plants to recover power. This paper presents a novel superstructure of refinery hydrogen networks integrated with hydrogen turbines to recovery the power.
    keywords: hydrogen; power; pressure; turbine; work
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        item: #477 of 7527
          id: cet-10655
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-10655
        date: 2019-10-17
       words: 2971
      flesch: 44
     summary: Furman K.C., Sahinidis N.V., 2001, Computational complexity of heat exchanger network synthesis, Computers and Chemical Engineering, 25, 1371–1390. The framework is based on the fundamental combinatorial properties of feasible process structures.
    keywords: approach; exchanger; heat; network; process; structure; synthesis
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        item: #478 of 7527
          id: cet-10656
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-10656
        date: 2019-10-17
       words: 3175
      flesch: 58
     summary: 1226 Afterwards the heat source/sink segments from the GCC of individual processes are extracted and heat recovery pockets on the GCCs are removed due to the potential for internal process heat recovery. Chew K.H., Klemeš J.J., Wan Alwi S.R., Abdul Manan Z., Reverberi A.P., 2015, Total Site Heat Integration considering pressure drops, Energies, 8(2), 1114-1137.
    keywords: heat; process; site; stream; targeting; total; utility
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        item: #479 of 7527
          id: cet-10657
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-10657
        date: 2019-10-17
       words: 3218
      flesch: 48
     summary: The Grid Diagram of existing calcium chloride production built according to Composite Curves shows some bottlenecks. Concluding mentioned above, the energy gap of existing calcium chloride production is due to design 1233 and operation mode reasons.
    keywords: calcium; chemical; chloride; energy; evaporator; heat; process; production; retrofit; vacuum
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        item: #480 of 7527
          id: cet-10658
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-10658
        date: 2019-10-17
       words: 3609
      flesch: 49
     summary: Vazquez-Castillo et al. (2015) introduced a multi-objective optimization approach to integrate the design and control of distillation sequences with the environmental impacts considered. Besides, the design of distillation sequence is closely related to heat transfer optimization.
    keywords: column; components; distillation; distillation sequence; method; reaction; recycle; sequence; tol
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        item: #481 of 7527
          id: cet-10659
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-10659
        date: 2019-10-17
       words: 4022
      flesch: 47
     summary: The method is described using bio-waste production data in the Czech Republic. Results The introduced method is tested using bio-waste production data restricted on 2009 – 2015 and the last year 2016 is kept for model verification.
    keywords: bio; credibility; data; micro; production; regions; separation; waste; year
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        item: #482 of 7527
          id: cet-1066
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-1066
        date: 2018-01-18
       words: 3500
      flesch: 33
     summary: The certification of quality management system in chemical enterprises can effectively guarantee the quality of products, enhance the market competitiveness of chemical enterprise and expand the brand effect of the company. Wan et al., (2015) proposed an indicator based on DOI: 10.3303/CET1762268 Please cite this article as: Jian Sun, Yuesheng Zhang, Zhaoying Zuo, Zhen Chang, Jianbin Guo, 2017, Research on the effectiveness improvement strategy of quality management system of chemical enterprises, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 62, 1603-1608 DOI:10.3303/CET1762268 1603 ecological two-sidedness theory and Shannon entropy, which is intended for analysing informational complexity in a decision network of the chemical insecticide pollution management.
    keywords: certificates; certification; chemical; enterprises; management; objectives; process; qms; quality; risk
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        item: #483 of 7527
          id: cet-10660
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-10660
        date: 2019-10-17
       words: 3914
      flesch: 59
     summary: The waste collection is more and more important business mostly performed by private companies that daily face high transportation costs and inefficient usage of their resources, as vehicles often visit waste bins that are only partially full (Ramos et al., 2018) following the fixed schedule. In principle this means that the model will be extended on some of the following components that are collected in practice: multiple types of waste, (either homogeneous or heterogeneous) fleet of (either single or multi compartment) vehicles, multiple trips, multiple depots and intermediate facilities, daily working hours, multiple types or sizes of waste bins, a security level (e.g., collecting 80 % full bins), etc.
    keywords: approach; bins; collection; day; management; model; problem; waste; ∈ 𝐷; ∈ 𝑉
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        item: #484 of 7527
          id: cet-10661
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-10661
        date: 2019-10-17
       words: 3477
      flesch: 45
     summary: Maurer et al. (2006) designed a wind tunnel DOI: 10.3303/CET1976210 Paper Received: 11/03/2019; Revised: 09/04/2019; Accepted: 09/04/2019 Please cite this article as: Duan Z., Wang K., Lan Z., Guo Y., Liu Y., 2019, Effects of Secondary Dust Lifting on Ambient Particulate Matter in Open-yard Stockpile, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 76, 1255-1260 DOI:10.3303/CET1976210 1255 test device that specifically measures the mass concentration of wind erosion dust. (2010) found that meteorological conditions (especially wind speed and temperature) have a great impact on PM10 concentration through measurement and research.
    keywords: coal; concentration; dust; particulate; plant; pm10; pm2.5; sampling; stockpile; wind; yard
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        item: #485 of 7527
          id: cet-10662
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-10662
        date: 2019-10-17
       words: 3241
      flesch: 51
     summary: MSW treatment over the 15-y period and (b) Percentage of landfilled MSW 1265 4. Conclusion In this paper, a multi-stage multi-period stochastic mixed-integer programming model was proposed for the strategic planning of waste processing infrastructure. Figure 1: Municipal waste treatment, EU-28, (kg/capita), (Eurostat, 2019) Because of the active development of legislation in WM, it is arguably more appropriate to use dynamic models, which can support decisions that have to deal with uncertainty (with respect to different parameters, e.g. the production of waste in the upcoming years).
    keywords: mbt; msw; period; region; waste; 𝑀𝐵𝑇; 𝑟𝑡,𝑠
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        item: #486 of 7527
          id: cet-10663
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-10663
        date: 2019-10-17
       words: 3048
      flesch: 46
     summary: Modification of neat clay with silane increased the adsorption percentage from 6 % to 19 %, however the extent of adsorption was reduced from 87 % to 35 % when calcined clay was coated with a silane material. The extent of phenol adsorption for various clays is shown in Figure 4.
    keywords: adsorption; clay; figure; phenol; silane; wastewater
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        item: #487 of 7527
          id: cet-10664
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-10664
        date: 2019-10-17
       words: 3280
      flesch: 38
     summary: The highest influent concentration from the biofilm tank into the aeration tank was 12.54 mg/L and the highest effluent from the aeration tank was 4.27 mg/L with an average effluent of 2.28 mg/L The fluoranthene removal in the system was calculated, considering the highest concentration to enter biofilm tank and the highest effluent from the aeration tank. Produced biosurfactants were partially purified using the extraction method adopted from (Soares da Silva et al., 2017).
    keywords: biofilm; biosurfactants; degradation; effluent; fluoranthene; pahs; reactor; system; tank
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        item: #488 of 7527
          id: cet-10665
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-10665
        date: 2019-10-17
       words: 3333
      flesch: 43
     summary: Degussa P25 TiO2 is normally used in photocatalysis due its ability to reduce electron-hole recombination. Comparison of the results obtained for anatase and Degussa P25 TiO2 at the same pH revealed approximately the same Cr(VI) reduction efficiencies with the Degussa P25 having a slight edge.
    keywords: anatase; catalyst; cr(vi; degussa; p25; phenol; photocatalysis; reduction; tio2
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        item: #489 of 7527
          id: cet-10666
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-10666
        date: 2019-10-17
       words: 3662
      flesch: 48
     summary: Miskolczi N., Angyal A., Bartha L., Valkai I., 2009, Fuels by pyrolysis of waste plastics from agricultural and packaging sectors in a pilot scale reactor, Fuel Processing Technology, 90(7-8), 1032-1040. Owusu P.A., Banadda N., Zziwa A., Seay J., Kiggundu N., 2018, Reverse engineering of plastic waste into useful fuel products, Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis, 130, 285-293. The quality improvement of kerosene fraction of cracking was only investigated by few research groups (Zhang et al., 2017).
    keywords: catalyst; fuel; hydroisomerization; jet; point; products
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        item: #490 of 7527
          id: cet-10667
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-10667
        date: 2019-10-17
       words: 3936
      flesch: 48
     summary: In this study it was found that the precipitation of Pb(II) was encouraged by anaerobic conditions; lead concentrations were lowered by between 91 % and 93 % within 7 d under anaerobic conditions, while nearly constant biomass growth was observed. h 48 h 0 h 0 d 1 d 4 d 7 d 9 d 1294 a) b) Figure 2: Residual aqueous Pb concentration in the a) anaerobic and b) aerobic batch reactors with 33 g/L glucose and without glucose.
    keywords: anaerobic; batch; conditions; glucose; lead; pb(ii; presence; reactors
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        item: #491 of 7527
          id: cet-10668
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-10668
        date: 2019-10-17
       words: 3118
      flesch: 27
     summary: biocatalyst activity decreased significantly: activity – 0.025 U/g regarding to the original plant material (at a concentration of 4-chlorophenol 1.05 mM), Km – 1.46 mM, Vm – 0.00006 mM∙s-1. The purposes of this paper were the synthesis of the novel effective multicomponent biocatalyst on the base of the horseradish peroxidase immobilized on the modified titanium dioxide, and investigation of the influence of different methods of titanium dioxide surface modification on the activity and operational stability of the synthesized biocatalyst in the oxidation of 4-chlorophenol.
    keywords: activity; biocatalyst; chlorophenol; dioxide; enzyme; hrp; peroxidase; surface; titanium
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        item: #492 of 7527
          id: cet-10669
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-10669
        date: 2019-10-17
       words: 3720
      flesch: 56
     summary: In this study, the growth response of C. debaryana in the presence of Cr(VI) was compared to that of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, to assess the Cr(VI) tolerance of C. debaryana. Zero Cr(VI) removal was observed with the algae: C. debaryana could not reduce Cr(VI) to Cr(III) or adsorb Cr(VI) anions from the solution.
    keywords: algae; chlorophyll; concentration; content; cr(vi; debaryana; experiments; reinhardtii
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        item: #493 of 7527
          id: cet-1067
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - CET--006.docx
        date: 2017-07-25
       words: 2685
      flesch: 46
     summary: Analysis of gas collector control object Prior to the design of the control system for gas collector pressure of coke oven in coal coking industry, it is necessary to understand the operation condition and coupling situation of gas collector pressure. It is very difficult to build a precise mathematical model for gas collector pressure control system as the paralleled coke ovens are negatively coupled, the coke oven and blower are positively coupled, and the intra-group coupling relationship differs from the inter-group coupling relationship (Fang, 2006; Zhang, 2015).
    keywords: coke; collector; control; gas; group; oven; pressure; system
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        item: #494 of 7527
          id: cet-10670
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-10670
        date: 2019-10-17
       words: 3193
      flesch: 36
     summary: The application of microbial metal reduction is endless. Ngwenya N., Chirwa E.M.N., 2015, Characterisation of surface uptake of biosorption of cationic fission products in sulphate reducing bacteria, Water SA, 41 (3), 314-324.
    keywords: bacteria; desulfovibrio; desulfuricans; metal; palladium; reduction; sulphate
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        item: #495 of 7527
          id: cet-10671
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-10671
        date: 2019-10-17
       words: 2864
      flesch: 47
     summary: The overall Se(IV) removal followed a similar trend to the one observed with reduction rate, with highest reduction of 90.83 % recorded in the first batch and the lowest of 35.68 % being in the presence of NaN3. It was concluded from this data that a correlation exists between the metabolic activity and reduction rate; the absence of a carbon and nitrogen source translated to a lower initial metabolic activity corresponding to a lower rate of reduction in batchC and batchD.
    keywords: activity; batch; glucose; nitrogen; rate; reduction; se(iv; selenium
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        item: #496 of 7527
          id: cet-10672
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-10672
        date: 2019-10-17
       words: 3461
      flesch: 43
     summary: The longest lag duration λ was obtained at 35 oC whereas the shortest was at 40 oC. The highest maximum specific growth rate,µ𝑚𝑎𝑥 , was obtained at 30 oC whereas the lowest was at 40 oC. The results show that the estimated parameters of microbiological relevance, lag duration and maximum specific growth rate were higher for modified logistic model compared to modified Gompertz model. Longhi D.A., Dalcanton F., Aragão G.M.F., Carciofi B.A.M., Launrindo J.B., 2016, Microbial growth models: A general mathematical approach to obtain μmax and λ parameters from sigmoidal empirical primary models, Brazilian Journal of Chemical Engineering, 34 (02), 369-375. Mytilinaios I., 2013, Modeling the impact of mild food processing conditions on the microbiological safety of food, PhD Dissertation, Canfield University, UK.
    keywords: acid; butyric; growth; logistic; model; parameters; temperature
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        item: #497 of 7527
          id: cet-10673
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-10673
        date: 2019-10-17
       words: 4008
      flesch: 42
     summary: Pietrelli L., Francolini I., Piozzi A., Vocciante M., 2018a, Metals recovery from Printed Circuit Boards: the pursuit of environmental and economic sustainability, Chemical Engineering Transaction, 70, 271–276. Downstream of the fractional precipitation, the solution, containing metal residues, would need further treatments before being discharged into surface water or used as recycling water.
    keywords: adsorption; chemical; chitosan; leaching; leather; metals; process; sludge; solution; tanning; waste
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        item: #498 of 7527
          id: cet-10674
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-10674
        date: 2019-10-17
       words: 3749
      flesch: 51
     summary: In this study, Cr(VI) resistance bacteria were isolated from dried sludge known to be loaded with varying Cr(VI) concentrations These bacteria facilitated the reduction of Cr(VI) to Cr(III) in continuous column system with varying treatments. References Igboamalu T.E., Chirwa E.M.N., 2016, Kinetic Study of Cr(VI) Reduction in an Indigenous Mixed Culture of Bacteria in the Presence of As(III), Chemical Engineering Transactions, 49, 439–444.
    keywords: algae; chirwa; cr(vi; reduction; system
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        item: #499 of 7527
          id: cet-10675
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-10675
        date: 2019-10-17
       words: 2798
      flesch: 46
     summary: Guldhe A., Ansari F. A., Singh P., & Bux F., 2017, Heterotrophic cultivation of microalgae using aquaculture wastewater: a biorefinery concept for biomass production and nutrient remediation, Ecological Engineering, 99, 47-53 Lardon L., Hélias A., Sialve B., Steyer JP., & Bernard O. 2009. For the production of biomass as a source of animal feed (high protein and lipid content), the use of synthetic media can make the process unviable due to its high cost (Guldhe et al., 2017).
    keywords: biomass; culture; fisheries; medium; microalgae; production; wastewater
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        item: #500 of 7527
          id: cet-10676
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-10676
        date: 2019-10-17
       words: 3329
      flesch: 52
     summary: 2.2 Materials Table 1 summarizes the main properties of the used unrefined heavy gas oil (HGO), polypropylene cracking fraction (PPCF), waste with high fatty acid content (WHFA) and the feedstock blends with 10 wt % PPCF and 10, 20 and 30 wt % WHFA content. Main products with lowest sulphur content obtained from the only PPCF containing feedstock (HPF-0).
    keywords: content; fatty; feedstock; fuel; products; temperature; waste
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        item: #501 of 7527
          id: cet-10677
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-10677
        date: 2019-10-17
       words: 3377
      flesch: 48
     summary: The gas chromatographic results of target products obtained from the hydrogenation of pre-treated waste lard show that beside the conversion of fatty acids/fatty acid esters, the isomerization of n-paraffins also occurred, however only in a small extent (Table 5). Figure 1: Reaction pathways of bio-paraffin mixture production (R1-3= alkylene chains) 2.1 Feedstock Waste lard from protein processing plant was used as feedstock in the catalytic experiments.
    keywords: al2o3; bio; catalysts; como; content; lard; nimop; production; products; waste; yield
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        item: #502 of 7527
          id: cet-10678
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-10678
        date: 2019-10-17
       words: 3990
      flesch: 44
     summary: Change of liquid product yields as a function of temperature and LHSV (feedstock “A” / ”B”) Liquid yield, % LHSV, h-1 Temperature, °C 220 230 240 250 260 270 1.0 99.6 / 99.4 99.2 / 98.9 98.2 / 97.9 96.0 / 95.3 92.9 / 92.2 85.7 / 83.9 1.5 99.7 / 99.5 99.3 / 99.0 98.6 / 98.3 97.0 / 96.5 93.8 / 93.2 87.9 / 86.6 2.0 99.8 / 99.6 99.5 / 99.2 98.9 / 98.7 97.6 / 97.3 96.0 / 95.1 92.0 / 90.9 3.0 99.8 / 99.8 99.7 / 99.5 99.1 / 98.6 98.6 / 97.7 97.6 / 96.0 93.1 / 92.2 The yield of liquid products changed between 79 and 99.9 %.
    keywords: feedstock; gasoline; isomerization; lhsv=; number; octane; process; products; temperature
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        item: #503 of 7527
          id: cet-10679
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-10679
        date: 2019-10-17
       words: 2702
      flesch: 57
     summary: The definition of OPD is shown in Eq(1): , 1 =  = NS OPD Ri j i (1) where NS is the number of source streams, Ri,j is the allocation ratio of source streams to demands, which can be obtained with Eq(2): min, , 1  =   = k R Ri j i j k (2) where , k Ri j is the quasi-allocation ratio when each single property operator is considered and it can be calculated by Eq(3): , , , , min , , , ,, , Ψ Ψ Ψ Ψ Ψ Ψ Ψ Ψ  − −   =   − −    U UL L D D D Dj k j k j k j kk Ri j L U S SD Di k i kj k j k (3) where , U D j k  is the upper bound of property operator for property k of demand j, , L D j k  is the lower bound, and ,Si k  is the property operator for property k of source i. Wen et al. (2013) presented a ternary diagram method to design water networks.
    keywords: demands; design; networks; operator; property; table; water
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        item: #504 of 7527
          id: cet-1068
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - CET--006.docx
        date: 2017-07-25
       words: 2804
      flesch: 53
     summary: At present, microbial methane production has been applied to real life, albeit low in production efficiency and utilization rate (Thauer and Shima, 2008). Documents (Leloup Et al., 2007; Thauer, 2010) show that the efficiency of microbial methane production can be improved with such additives as sodium bicarbonate (Ağdağ and Sponza, 2005), iron and other trace elements (Zhang and Jahng, 2012), goethite (Tan et al., 2015), and enzymes (Quiñones Et al., 2012).
    keywords: anaerobic; carbon; ch4; content; control; doi; group; methane; mineral
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        item: #505 of 7527
          id: cet-10680
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-10680
        date: 2019-10-17
       words: 4553
      flesch: 60
     summary: , all three crops treated with MSW CL recorded a higher N composition in the leaves, shoots and grains area (22.7 – 42.4 %) as compared to P and K. MSW CL has high nutrient contents (N = 630 – 2,438 mg/L, P = 46 – 67 mg/L, K = 320 – 4,100 mg/L). The low COD in green waste CL may vary due to the lower biodegradability of the cellulosic biomass.
    keywords: biowaste; compost; content; et al; green; leachate; msw; nutrient; plant; soil; waste
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        item: #506 of 7527
          id: cet-10681
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-10681
        date: 2019-10-17
       words: 2707
      flesch: 47
     summary: Concentration of phenol and detection of the aromatic intermediates of phenol degradation were monitored on a Waters High Performance Liquid Chromatograph (HPLC) and Gas Chromatogram- Mass Spectrometer (GC-MS), respectively. Pathway analysis of phenol degradation by UV/TiO2 photocatalysis utilising the C- 13 isotopic labelling technique, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 70, 181-186, DOI: 10.3303/CET1870031.
    keywords: benzoquinone; degradation; figure; intermediates; oxygen; phenol; photocatalytic; reaction
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        item: #507 of 7527
          id: cet-10682
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-10682
        date: 2019-10-17
       words: 3416
      flesch: 55
     summary: Current output at pH 7 over different external resistances 3.3 The effect of external resistance on MFC power output The power output of the MFC is shown in Figure 3, of which a high external resistance values lead to a high- power density was observed. This observation is supported by the reasoning that high resistance values will lead to low voltage drops over the internal resistance and more energy is available for consumption by the external circuit.
    keywords: figure; mfc; output; power; values
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        item: #508 of 7527
          id: cet-10683
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-10683
        date: 2019-10-17
       words: 2716
      flesch: 39
     summary: Di Palma L, Geri A., Maccioni M., Paoletti C., Petroni G., Di Batista A., Varrone C., 2015, Experimental assessment of a process including microbial fuel cell for nitrogen removal from digestate of anaerobic treatment of livestock manure and agricultural wastes, Chemical Engineering Transaction 43, 2239-2244 Fan, Y., Hu, H., Liu, H., 2007, Sustainable power generation in microbial fuel cells using bicarbonate buffer and proton transfer mechanisms, Environmental Science & Technology, 41, 8154–8158. Nik Mahmood N.A., Thong L.K., Ibrahim K.A., Chyan J.B., Ghazali N.F., 2015, Power generation from pretreated empty fruit bunch using single chamber microbial fuel cell, Chemical Engineering Transactions 45, 79-84 Rabaey K., Rodríguez J., Blackall L.L., Keller J., Gross P., Batstone D., Verstraete W., Nealson K.H., 2007, Microbial ecology meets electrochemistry: electricity-driven and driving communities.
    keywords: cell; chamber; concentration; fuel; mfc; microbial; output; power; substrate
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        item: #509 of 7527
          id: cet-10684
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-10684
        date: 2019-10-17
       words: 3936
      flesch: 54
     summary: There is only some information available about pyrolysis studies of pre-treated biomass. There is little information available about co-pyrolysis studies of pre-treated biomass blended with plastics.
    keywords: autohydrolysis; biomass; content; eucalyptus; pre; pyrolysis
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        item: #510 of 7527
          id: cet-10685
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-10685
        date: 2019-10-17
       words: 4409
      flesch: 52
     summary: Gasification gas was sampled for tar determination. However, it is fundamental to control gasification temperature to prevent ash melting and consequent bed agglomeration, due to the high ash content in lignin-rich residues, generally with high content of silica and alkali metals.
    keywords: co2; gasification; lignin; ratio; steam; syngas; tar; temperature
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        item: #511 of 7527
          id: cet-10686
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-10686
        date: 2019-10-17
       words: 3898
      flesch: 58
     summary: As coal liquefaction is a well-known process to produce liquid products, coal blended with used tyres and plastic wastes was co-liquefied. Singh and Zondlo (2017) co-liquefied coal with untorrefied and torrefied biomass and found that the lignin content in torrefied biomass promoted coal liquefaction, because biomass degradation occurred at a lower temperature than coal.
    keywords: coal; hydrogen; liquefaction; liquid; tetralin; wastes
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        item: #512 of 7527
          id: cet-10687
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-10687
        date: 2019-10-17
       words: 3069
      flesch: 45
     summary: A larger difference in biogas yield of 935 mL was observed by biodigester A2 between the two temperatures, favouring biogas production at 35 °C. Also, there has not been any studies on the use of industrial wastewater with SB or CS for biogas production, hence, providing the novelty in this study.
    keywords: biogas; energy; potential; production; yield
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        item: #513 of 7527
          id: cet-10688
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-10688
        date: 2019-10-17
       words: 3042
      flesch: 51
     summary: Cheng S., Zhang H., Chang F., Zhang F., Wang K., Qin Y., Huang T., 2019, Combustion behavior and thermochemical treatment scheme analysis of oil sludges and oil sludge semicokes, Energy, 167, 575-587. Cheng S., Wang Y., Fumitake T., Kouji T., Li A., Kunio Y., 2017, Effect of steam and oil sludge ash additive on the products of oil sludge pyrolysis, Applied Energy, 185, 146-157.
    keywords: cao; oil; oil sludge; products; pyrolysis; sludge; temperature; yield
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        item: #514 of 7527
          id: cet-10689
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-10689
        date: 2019-10-17
       words: 3732
      flesch: 43
     summary: Figure 1: Thermogravimetric (a) and volatile yield rate (b) curves of medical waste components. At the third stage, the process of passive pyrolysis occurs in the temperature range from 400 to 900 С. Thermal decomposition of the second group of medical waste components (polyolefins) occurs in two stages.
    keywords: analysis; components; formation; products; pyrolysis; range; stage; temperature; waste
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        item: #515 of 7527
          id: cet-1069
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - CET--006.docx
        date: 2017-08-03
       words: 2789
      flesch: 48
     summary: Figure 1: Trend of the centrifugal compressor efficiency DOI: 10.3303/CET1759003 Please cite this article as: Yong Li, Hongtao Zhang, 2017, On the influence of inlet distortion on syngas compressor for coal chemical industry, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 59, 13-18 DOI:10.3303/CET1759003 13 To solve these problems, it has been a topical study to develop high-efficiency syngas compressor. In order to further improve the operating efficiency of syngas compressors, researchers studied the mechanism of centrifugal compressors in the aspects of aerodynamic theories (Dowson, Walker and Watson, 2004; Denton and Horlock, 2005; Mitsuhashi, 2002), aerodynamic experiments (Boncinelli, 2007; Xie, 2005; Bulot and Trébinjac, 2009; Lee, 2013; Everitt and Spakovszky, 2011); manufacturing technologies (Boncinelli, 2007 (Wei and Jin, 2012; Li and Xi, 2007), etc.
    keywords: chamber; compressor; doi; figure; flow; inlet; loss; mixing; numerical
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        item: #516 of 7527
          id: cet-10690
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-10690
        date: 2019-10-17
       words: 3683
      flesch: 52
     summary: References Adrados A., I. de Marco, B. M. Caballero, A. López, M. F. Laresgoiti and A. Torres, 2012, Pyrolysis of plastic packaging waste: A comparison of plastic residuals from material recovery facilities with simulated plastic waste, Waste Management, 32(5), 826-832. Al-asadi M., L. Gombor and N. Miskolczi, 2018, Production of hydrogen rich products from mixture of polyolefin and PET over different modified ZSM-5 catalysts, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 70, 1663-1668 DOI:1610.3303/CET1870278 Anuar Sharuddin, S. D., F. Abnisa, W. M. A. Wan Daud and M. K. Aroua, 2016, A review on pyrolysis of plastic wastes, Energy Conversion and Management, 115, 308-326. Figure 2: Product yields using different catalysts at (a) T= 550 °C; and (b) T= 850 °C 3.2 Gases Figure 3 illustrate the compositions of gases, which shows the effect of temperature and catalyst type on the decomposition reaction.
    keywords: catalyst; i/ z; pyrolysis
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        item: #517 of 7527
          id: cet-10691
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-10691
        date: 2019-10-17
       words: 4329
      flesch: 57
     summary: This tool analyses the mode of operation of the original heat source and then assesses how this mode will change after connecting a WtEP with different processing capacity or in the form of output heat provided while minimizing heat production costs. As mentioned previously, this optimisation calculation (first phase) results in variable heat production costs in the heating plant in an economically optimal mode of operation.
    keywords: boilers; costs; energy; heat; model; operation; system; time; waste; wtep
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        item: #518 of 7527
          id: cet-10692
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-10692
        date: 2019-10-17
       words: 3305
      flesch: 50
     summary: 4. Conclusions The optimum temperature of oil residue pyrolysis process was determined to be 600 °C. The study of oil residue pyrolysis was carried out with laboratory pyrolysis set up shown in Figure 1. 25 g of oil residue was loaded into the batch hopper 1.
    keywords: increase; oil; process; products; pyrolysis; residue; temperature; yield
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        item: #519 of 7527
          id: cet-10693
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-10693
        date: 2019-10-17
       words: 3880
      flesch: 56
     summary: Pyrolysis oils have significant potential as a substitution of fossil resources. The key issues are the reduction of acidic components, increasing in valuable products (both gases and pyrolysis oil), enhanced the long-term properties, e.g. storage, transportation, etc.
    keywords: biomass; catalyst; mixture; oil; plastic; pyrolysis; range; waste; yield
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        item: #520 of 7527
          id: cet-10694
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-10694
        date: 2019-10-17
       words: 3522
      flesch: 49
     summary: The influence of iron subgroup metals oxides, nitrates, and chlorides on flax shive pyrolysis process the samples with 10 % content of mineral compounds was investigated by thermogravimetric analysis. The optimal temperature of flax shive pyrolysis process is about 550 ºC; 2.
    keywords: flax; iron; metal; oxides; process; pyrolysis; shive; subgroup; temperature
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        item: #521 of 7527
          id: cet-10695
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-10695
        date: 2019-10-17
       words: 3788
      flesch: 59
     summary: This study evaluated the influence of temperature, time, biomass blend, nature and dose of additive in the HTC process. Due to this, it is necessary to develop studies that provide knowledge about the behavior of the biomass in different operating conditions of the process, but above all its energy yield should be evaluated in the presence of additives that could improve its carbonization and its degree of interaction in biomass blends.
    keywords: biomass; blends; hhv; olv; rps; temperature; value
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        item: #522 of 7527
          id: cet-10696
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-10696
        date: 2019-10-17
       words: 3927
      flesch: 52
     summary: Three types of bed material were selected for comparison: carbon residue of raw material, an inert material (aluminum oxide ceramics) and dolomite. A number of articles consider this process; although they discuss different types of biomass, only one type of bed material for cracking zone was used – charcoal (carbon residue of raw material).
    keywords: bed; carbon; cracking; dolomite; gas; material; pyrolysis; residue; temperature
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        item: #523 of 7527
          id: cet-10697
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-10697
        date: 2019-10-17
       words: 3480
      flesch: 47
     summary: Figure 4: Biogas production from corn silage 3.2 Biogas production from sugarcane bagasse In Figure 5, it is evidenced that biogas production from all the biodigesters started shortly after the lag phase with production rates increasing steadily in the case of CS on day 7 at a rate of 459 mL but dropped drastically on the 9th day. In this study, the effect of particle size on sugarcane bagasse (SB) and corn silage (CS) with industrial wastewater for biogas production were investigated at a mesophilic temperature of 35 °C.
    keywords: anaerobic; biogas; digestion; particle; production; size; study
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        item: #524 of 7527
          id: cet-10698
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-10698
        date: 2020-01-23
       words: 3578
      flesch: 47
     summary: Ahmed Y., Yaakob Z., Akhtar P., Sopian K., 2015, Production of biogas and performance evaluation of existing treatment processes in palm oil mill effluent (POME), Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 42, 1260-1278. A new clarification procedure for palm oil has been proposed by Kandiah and Batumalai (2013) which consists of a series of processes that can result in 83 % POME reduction by reducing the clarification effluent and DOI: 10.3303/CET2078001 Paper Received: 22/05/2019; Revised: 29/08/2019; Accepted: 08/09/2019
    keywords: biogas; elimination; oil; palm; pathway; pobc; pome; process; resource
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        item: #525 of 7527
          id: cet-10699
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-10699
        date: 2020-01-23
       words: 3452
      flesch: 44
     summary: This work was aimed to optimize the concentrating process of pineapple juice using a rotary vacuum evaporation statistically. The Morris pineapples are interested by buyers, especially for pineapple juice in food industry due to its low cost and high nutritional level.
    keywords: browning; content; enzymatic; food; hydroxymethylfurfural; juice; pineapple; sugar; temperature; total; vacuum; water
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        item: #526 of 7527
          id: cet-107
      author: TW
       title: cet-107
        date: 2017-10-04
       words: 3074
      flesch: 54
     summary: 61, 2017 A publication of The Italian Association of Chemical Engineering Online at www.aidic.it/cet Guest Editors: Petar S Varbanov, Rongxin Su, Hon Loong Lam, Xia Liu, Jiří J Klemeš Copyright © 2017, AIDIC Servizi S.r.l. ISBN 978-88-95608-51-8; ISSN 2283-9216 Robust Model Predictive Control of Heat Exchanger Network in the Presence of Fouling Juraj Oraveca,*, Marian Trafczynskib, Monika Bakošováa, Mariusz Markowskib, Alajos Mészárosa, Krzysztof Urbaniec b a Slovak University of Technology in Bratislava, Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Institute of Information Engineering, Automation, and Mathematics, Radlinského 9, 812 37 Bratislava, Slovak Republic b Warsaw University of Technology, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Mechanics and Petrochemistry, Institute of Mechanical Engineering, Department of Process Equipment, Jachowicza 2/4, 09-402 Plock, Poland juraj.oravec@stuba.sk The aim of this paper is to present robust model predictive control (MPC) with integral action to optimize control performance of heat exchangers selected from a network, in the presence of fouling. 3. Alternative robust model predictive control with integral action To meet the goals of the control task, we used the alternative robust MPC strategy, see e.g. Oravec et al. (2015), Oravec and Bakošová (2015a).
    keywords: control; engineering; exchanger; fouling; heat; model; mpc
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        item: #527 of 7527
          id: cet-1070
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - CET--006.docx
        date: 2017-07-25
       words: 3225
      flesch: 59
     summary: The mathematic models of Permanent-magnet Direct-driven wind power system Permanent-magnet Direct-driven wind power system generally includes wind machine, PMSM, Dual PWM rectifying device system and so on, the basic structure can be seen from Figure 1 Figure 1: Permanent magnet direct drive wind power system 2.1 Features and models of wind machine The wind machine is the main part for the energy conversion of wind system. It fundamentally speeded up the tracking of system speed, thus greatly improving the dynamic response speed of wind power system in the case of high inertia load.
    keywords: control; speed; system; torque; wind
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        item: #528 of 7527
          id: cet-10700
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-10700
        date: 2020-01-23
       words: 3285
      flesch: 56
     summary: The concentration of the formulated fertiliser and commercial fertiliser are given in Table 1. Table 1: Concentration of formulated and commercial fertilisers Nutrient element Concentration (mg/L) Formulated fertiliser Commercial fertiliser The height of tomato plants increases significantly with increased levels of nitrogen.
    keywords: commercial; fertiliser; growth; medium; plant; rha; tomato; zeolites
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        item: #529 of 7527
          id: cet-10701
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-10701
        date: 2020-01-23
       words: 3006
      flesch: 57
     summary: The experimental growth rates of S. platensis algae in Vinh Hao culture medium and Zarrouk medium had an average difference of 1.49 %. Accepted: 02/11/2019 Please cite this article as: Trinh D.V., Nguyen P.T.H., 2020, Minimising the Cost of Spirulina platensis Culture Medium using Vinh Hao Natural Mineral Water, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 78, 19-24 DOI:10.3303/CET2078004 19 The data in Table 1 and Table 2 indicate that many minerals are needed to compose S. platensis algae media using Vinh Hao natural mineral water so that it will have the same mineral content as Zarrouk medium, such as: HCO ,
    keywords: algae; hao; medium; mineral; platensis; vinh; water; zarrouk
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        item: #530 of 7527
          id: cet-10702
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-10702
        date: 2020-01-23
       words: 3741
      flesch: 50
     summary: Diesel power system has been one of the most popular methods for electrification. Mohammad Rozali et al. (2019) later presented an extended PoPA tool called the Probability-Power Pinch Analysis (P-PoPA) that utilise probability theory to integrate diesel system with RE within a shorter time of analysis.
    keywords: cost; diesel; electricity; energy; grid; hybrid; load; power; sources; system
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        item: #531 of 7527
          id: cet-10703
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-10703
        date: 2020-01-23
       words: 3634
      flesch: 49
     summary: One factor at a time (OFAT) method was carried out to determine the optimum preparation condition for sulfonated SPW catalyst and the produced catalysts were characterized to study its morphology, crystallinity, surface area and acid density. The optimum preparation condition for sulfonated SPW catalyst were 1:20 ratio mass of dry SPW to the volume of sulfuric acid, 5 minute of sulfonation time and 200 °C of carbonization temperature.
    keywords: acid; biodiesel; catalyst; ester; pfad; spw; sulfonation; temperature; time; yield
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        item: #532 of 7527
          id: cet-10704
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-10704
        date: 2020-01-23
       words: 3952
      flesch: 46
     summary: Two parameters studied were the immobilisation yield and the protein loading at three different immobilisation methods which were physical adsorption on PET nanofiber mats (PA), covalent bonding on PET-g-MAH nanofiber mats (CV) and covalent bonding of cross-linked laccase aggregate on PET-g-MAH nanofiber mats (CL) using glutaraldehyde as crosslinker. The aims of this study were to graft MAH onto PET and investigated the most suitable methods for laccase to immobilise on PET based nanofiber mats.
    keywords: enzyme; immobilisation; laccase; mah; mats; nanofiber; nanofiber mats; pet; polymer
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        item: #533 of 7527
          id: cet-10705
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-10705
        date: 2020-01-23
       words: 3356
      flesch: 50
     summary: The objective of this study was to investigate ChOH ionic liquid catalyst for transesterification in batch and continuous microwave heating processes. To the authors’ knowledge, this was the first time that ChOH ionic liquid was investigated in a microwave heated, continuous flow reactor.
    keywords: biodiesel; catalyst; choh; ester; ionic; liquid; methanol; microwave; oil; production
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        item: #534 of 7527
          id: cet-10706
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-10706
        date: 2020-01-23
       words: 3520
      flesch: 54
     summary: From the existing literature, reported works on physico-chemical properties and lignocelulosic composition of tobacco residues remain scarce. To the authors’ knowledge, no report is yet available on applying ablative pyrolysis to tobacco residues to generate bio-oil and biochar.
    keywords: bio; carbon; char; chemical; energy; oil; pyrolysis; residues; tippayawong; tobacco
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        item: #535 of 7527
          id: cet-10707
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-10707
        date: 2020-01-23
       words: 3337
      flesch: 52
     summary: Used cooking oils are one of the major wastes from food processing in Thailand. This study focused on catalytic cracking of used cooking oils over two commercial (Z and Y zeolite) catalysts to generate light organic liquid products.
    keywords: catalysts; cooking; cracking; oil; oils; re-16; reactor; tippayawong
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        item: #536 of 7527
          id: cet-10708
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-10708
        date: 2020-01-23
       words: 3576
      flesch: 56
     summary: The absorption band at about 380 nm of ZnO or ZnO/rGO patterns could be attributed to the highly crystalline of ZnO structure. A control anode was fabricated from ZnO (ZnO anode).
    keywords: anodes; dsscs; efficiency; graphene; oxide; rgo; rgo3; structure; zno
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        item: #537 of 7527
          id: cet-10709
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-10709
        date: 2020-01-23
       words: 2973
      flesch: 42
     summary: Figure 1: A concept for water treatments via gas hydrate process Kang, K. C., Linga, P., Park, K. N., Choi, S. J., Lee, J. D., 2014, Seawater desalination by gas hydrate process and removal characteristics of dissolved ions (Na+, K+, Mg2+, Ca2+, B3+, Cl−, SO42−), Desalination, 353, 84- 90.
    keywords: desalination; gas; hydrate; process; seawater; treatment; wastewater; water
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        item: #538 of 7527
          id: cet-1071
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - CET--006.docx
        date: 2017-07-25
       words: 3329
      flesch: 49
     summary: Composite coating is denser, nickel-phosphorus matrix and Ti (CN) particles of greater binding force, so the heat treatment after the composite coating wear rate is small and the quality of wear with the vice. Less than 1 27.31 PTFE+base bath+FC10+FC134 19.07 9.32 142.63 4.3 Effect of process conditions on composite plating speed With reference to the results of the orthogonal test, the effect of the single factor on the bath was examined by repeating the experiment for each factor.
    keywords: coating; friction; plating; ptfe; speed; steel; surface; wear
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        item: #539 of 7527
          id: cet-10710
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-10710
        date: 2020-01-23
       words: 3405
      flesch: 43
     summary: This work presents a comprehensive Aspen Plus® modeling work of fast pyrolysis processes for lignocellulosic biomass based on kinetic reaction mechanisms. This work aims to present a comprehensive Aspen Plus® modeling work of fast pyrolysis processes for lignocellulosic biomass based on only main kinetic reaction mechanisms from Pelucchi et al.
    keywords: biomass; model; plant; process; product; pyrolysis; simulation; yield
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        item: #540 of 7527
          id: cet-10711
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-10711
        date: 2020-01-23
       words: 3921
      flesch: 53
     summary: This study reports effects of pH and PVA/Au mass ratio on properties and catalytic activity of carbon grain supported nano Au catalysts for treatment of VOC pollutants at low temperatures. For the above reasons and for development of a ready-to-use catalyst, this study has focused on i) utilization of granular carbon (GC) as support in the synthesis of nano Au catalyst by a metal-sol method; ii) investigation of the VOCs removal at low temperatures using the nano Au catalysts under high humid condition; iii) synergetic effect between adsorption and catalytic oxidation and iv) catalyst stability evaluation with/without water vapor.
    keywords: carbon; gc-4; nano; oxidation; removal; size; toluene
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        item: #541 of 7527
          id: cet-10712
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-10712
        date: 2020-01-23
       words: 3396
      flesch: 43
     summary: 𝑃𝐶𝑎𝑝𝑝𝑖 𝑚𝑎𝑥𝑁𝑃𝑝𝑖𝑔 ∀𝑝, 𝑖, 𝑔 (3) where PRpig is the production capacity of plant p producing hydrogen form i in district g, PCapminpi is the minimum capacity of plant p producing hydrogen form i, PCapmaxpi is the maximum capacity of plant p producing hydrogen form i and NPpig is the number of plant p producing hydrogen form i in district g. 2.2.2 Transportation constraints Eq(4) indicates the amount of hydrogen transported between districts should not violate the allowable limits. 𝐹𝑂𝐶 = ∑ [∑ (∑ 𝑈𝑃𝐶𝑝𝑖 𝑃𝑅𝑝𝑖𝑔 + ∑ 𝑈𝑆𝐶𝑠𝑖 𝑆𝐼𝑠𝑖𝑔𝑠 + ∑ 𝑈𝐸𝐶𝑒𝑖 𝑃𝐸𝑒𝑖𝑔𝑒𝑝 ) + 𝑃𝑉𝑔 𝐴 𝑃𝑉𝐸𝐹𝐹 𝑃𝑉𝑈𝐶 + 𝐹𝐶𝑔 𝐶𝐴𝑃 𝐹𝐶𝑈𝐶𝑖 ]𝑔 (21) where TDC is total daily cost, FCC is facility capital cost, TCC is transportation capital cost, FOC is facility operating cost, TOC is transportation operating cost, α is network operating period, CCF is capital change factor, PCCpi is capital cost of production technology p producing hydrogen form i, SCCsi is capital cost of storage unit s for hydrogen form i, ECCei is capital cost of electrolysis plant e producing hydrogen form i, PVCC is unit capital cost of PV system, FCCC is unit capital cost of fuel cell, INVCC is unit capital cost of inverter, UPCpi is unit production cost of production plant p producing hydrogen form i, USCsi is unit storage cost of storage unit s for hydrogen form i, UECei is unit electrolysis cost for electrolysis plant e producing hydrogen form i, PVUC is unit operating cost of PV system, FCUC is unit operating cost of fuel cell system.
    keywords: cost; district; electricity; energy; form; fuel; hydrogen; hydrogen form; plant; transportation
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        item: #542 of 7527
          id: cet-10713
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-10713
        date: 2020-01-23
       words: 3840
      flesch: 57
     summary: The mean width of the spray area (�̅�), error and SD at P = 0.18 MPa were calculated and given results in Table 4. (a) (b) (c) (d) Figure 3: (a) An image of the spray coating process; image analysis results of the droplet at spray distance; (b) L = 10 cm; (c) L = 20 cm (c); 2.3 Experimental spray coating process and record images Diagram of the device to record the images spray coating process was shown in Figure 1a.
    keywords: c u; coating; process; smd; spray
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        item: #543 of 7527
          id: cet-10714
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-10714
        date: 2020-01-23
       words: 3514
      flesch: 54
     summary: Results and discussion 3.1 Comparison of raw chitin and PEI-chitin The PEI-chitin should have a higher adsorption capacity to RB5 than chitin after PEI was crosslinked with chitin. In addition, the peak intensity of 1,075 cm-1 (C-O-C bond vibration) in PEI-chitin was stronger that of raw chitin, which is seen as a result of the reaction between -CHO group of GA and -OH group of chitin following the formation of a new C-O-C bonding (Cao et al., 2018).
    keywords: adsorption; chitin; column; dye; model; pei; rb5
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        item: #544 of 7527
          id: cet-10715
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-10715
        date: 2020-01-23
       words: 3580
      flesch: 54
     summary: The morphology of PLA/LENR blends showed a good dispersion of LENR on PLA matrix at 10 wt% LENR. Abdullah et al. (2019) reported that the addition of 10 wt% ENR in PLA matrix increased its impact strength due to the excellent interaction between PLA and ENR.
    keywords: blends; impact; lenr; pla; properties; rubber; strength; wt%
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        item: #545 of 7527
          id: cet-10716
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-10716
        date: 2020-01-23
       words: 3757
      flesch: 58
     summary: In this respect, the vulnerability of these sensitive ecosystems during sago plantation expansions must be carefully accounted for. Thus, this work presents a mathematical optimisation model of the type mixed integer linear programming (MILP) to plan for sago plantation expansions.
    keywords: carbon; cost; expansion; land; model; plantation; sago; starch
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        item: #546 of 7527
          id: cet-10717
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-10717
        date: 2020-01-23
       words: 3852
      flesch: 44
     summary: Various types of cationic polymers have been developed and employed in the preparation of modified clays. The thermal degradation of composites can be accelerated by modified clays due to the association between the organic modifier on the silicate layers and the PLA matrix (Meng et al., 2012).
    keywords: chitosan; clay; composites; modified; montmorillonite; pla
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        item: #547 of 7527
          id: cet-10718
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-10718
        date: 2020-01-23
       words: 4257
      flesch: 48
     summary: This will be promoted through biomass pellet production and co-generation (i.e., the use of pellets for both electricity and heat) (Sutabutr, 2012). Accordingly, the processes and equipment used for biomass pellet production are different from those used for wood biomass materials.
    keywords: biomass; energy; et al; maize; pelletisation; pellets; process; production; residues; standards; thailand
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        item: #548 of 7527
          id: cet-10719
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-10719
        date: 2020-01-23
       words: 3484
      flesch: 47
     summary: This result shows the potential of RHA in enhancing plant growth (Shara et al., 2017). Saleh H.A.R., El-Nashar Y.I., Serag-El-Din M.F., Dewir Y.H., 2019, Plant growth, yield and bioactive compounds of two culinary herbs as affected by substrate type, Scientia horticulturae, 243, 464-471.
    keywords: andrographolide; cocopeat; growth; nutrient; paniculata; plant; study; yield
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        item: #549 of 7527
          id: cet-1072
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - CET--006.docx
        date: 2017-07-25
       words: 3106
      flesch: 52
     summary: By using API standard tensile test and electrochemical corrosion test, the mechanical properties and corrosion resistance of N80 treated with QPQ were studied. Quench polish quench (QPQ) is a specialized type of nitrocarburizing case hardening that increases corrosion resistance.
    keywords: bath; corrosion; corrosion resistance; n80; qpq; resistance; salt; steel; surface; technology
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        item: #550 of 7527
          id: cet-10720
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-10720
        date: 2020-01-23
       words: 3824
      flesch: 48
     summary: Ti is the initial temperature where decomposition initiate, Tf is the final temperature of decomposition at a particular zone, Tp is the temperature when decomposition rate is the highest in a particular zone From the effect of heating rate, higher heating rate shifts the mass loss curve towards higher temperature region (Figure 1) and increases the rate of mass loss. A similar explanation was also recorded (a) (b) 135 at high temperature decomposition during the pyrolysis of T. ornate algae at 600-827 ˚C (Ali and Bahadar, 2019).
    keywords: algae; decomposition; energy; heating; kinetics; pyrolysis; rate; reaction; temperature
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        item: #551 of 7527
          id: cet-10721
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-10721
        date: 2020-01-23
       words: 4006
      flesch: 53
     summary: 142 Figure 3: Yield distribution of horse manure microwave pyrolysis at flow rate of (a) 0.5 L/min and (b) 1.5 L/min The effect of carrier gas flow rate on the distribution of end products can also be observed by comparing Fig. 3a and 3b. Table 1: End product phase distribution and yield for microwave pyrolysis of horse manure Temperature (°C)
    keywords: energy; flow; gas; horse; liquid; manure; microwave; products; pyrolysis; temperature; wt%; yield
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        item: #552 of 7527
          id: cet-10722
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-10722
        date: 2020-01-23
       words: 3910
      flesch: 44
     summary: al., 2015), none have investigated the encapsulation of black mulberry anthocyanin using microwave-assisted encapsulation. In this study, a combination of gum Arabic and maltodextrin was used as wall materials to encapsulate black mulberry extract using a microwave-assisted technique.
    keywords: anthocyanin; core; dpph; encapsulation; microwave; mulberry; tac; wall
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        item: #553 of 7527
          id: cet-10723
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-10723
        date: 2020-01-23
       words: 3279
      flesch: 48
     summary: The presence of OH end groups was verified by NMR analysis with the appearance at 3.39 ppm and 3.66 ppm, corresponding to methylene proton adjacent to hydroxyl group in HOCH2CH2CH2 and methane proton adjacent to OH group in CH2CH2CH(OH)CH3. 3.2 FTIR Analysis The FTIR analysis of the prepared HTENR and HTLENR was conducted to confirm the presence of OH group in the molecule.
    keywords: degradation; htlenr; hydroxyl; nmr; reaction; rubber; wt%
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        item: #554 of 7527
          id: cet-10724
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-10724
        date: 2020-01-23
       words: 2908
      flesch: 48
     summary: While, the decrease of Mn is due to the reduction of high Mw polymer which increased in number of HTLENR chains. While, Kargarzadeh et al. (2015) studied the effect of liquid natural rubber (LNR) and LENR as a toughening agent in polyester.
    keywords: chain; htlenr; hydroxyl; liquid; reaction; rubber; time
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        item: #555 of 7527
          id: cet-10725
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-10725
        date: 2020-01-23
       words: 2726
      flesch: 56
     summary: Figure 5: The conversion of n-butanol on different catalysts Figure 6 presents the CO oxidation activity over different Pd catalysts prepared by different methods. The conversion of n-butanol on different catalysts were presented in Figure 5.
    keywords: butanol; catalysts; dbd; method; oxidation; plasma
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        item: #556 of 7527
          id: cet-10726
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-10726
        date: 2020-01-23
       words: 3310
      flesch: 50
     summary: In addition, compared to Pd nanoparticles, two peaks for CO stripping observed for PdAg catalysts can be due to the presence of Pd and PdAg alloyed NPs formed on AgNWs. (a) (b) 173 Figure 5: Results of CO stripping: (a) PdAg-MW6/C; (b) PdAg-CP/C and (c) PdNPs/C 4. Conclusion In conclusion, PdAg nanowires with core-shell structure were synthesized successfully by microwave-assisted polyol method with pulse mode after several cycles of 10 s on -10 s off setting.
    keywords: agnws; core; ethanol; mw6; oxidation; pdag; pdnps; shell; solution
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        item: #557 of 7527
          id: cet-10727
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-10727
        date: 2020-01-23
       words: 3486
      flesch: 47
     summary: Lee, J. D., Englezos, P., 2005, Enhancement of the performance of gas hydrate kinetic inhibitors with polyethylene oxide. Consequently, there has been an increase in research into the development of new and effective inhibitors to prevent gas hydrates during natural gas and oil subsea production and transportation (Koh and Sloan, 2007).
    keywords: ch4; figure; gas; growth; hydrate; inhibition; inhibitors; pnipam; tbpb; time
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        item: #558 of 7527
          id: cet-10728
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-10728
        date: 2020-01-23
       words: 4372
      flesch: 55
     summary: However, food waste composting emits hazardous odours such as ammonia (NH3), trimethylamine, dimethyl sulphide and dimethyl disulphide contribute to the environmental impact (Cerda et al., 2018). Bulking agent, microbial inoculants or compost maker can be added to improve the composting process.
    keywords: bin; compost; composting; maker; organic; stage; waste
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        item: #559 of 7527
          id: cet-10729
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-10729
        date: 2020-01-23
       words: 3333
      flesch: 50
     summary: In the above equation, C(kg), ALR(%), RFM(kg CO2-eq/kg), AEC(kWh) and EM(kg CO2-eq/kWh) are Refrigerant charge, Annual leakage rate, Refrigerant Manufacturing Emissions, Annual energy consumption and GHG emissions per kWh of energy. Annual energy consumption was estimated using the theoretical model developed in this study.
    keywords: energy; freezing; gf-08; heat; r404a; refrigerant; temperature
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        item: #560 of 7527
          id: cet-1073
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - CET--006.docx
        date: 2017-07-25
       words: 3806
      flesch: 54
     summary: 2. Car muffler Muffler is a part of the automobile exhaust system, its main role is to effectively reduce engine exhaust noise, and ensure that the smooth exhaust and engine exhaust resistance is small. 3.3 Analysis of engine exhaust noise based on GT-POWER As shown in figure 1, the engine exhaust spectrum and 4000r/min noise spectrum can be obtained according to the engine model.
    keywords: automobile; energy; engine; exhaust; frequency; gas; generator; heat; muffler; noise; power
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        item: #561 of 7527
          id: cet-10730
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-10730
        date: 2020-01-23
       words: 4215
      flesch: 40
     summary: In Section 2, the process of carbon emission estimation based on the model is described, and Section 3 discusses the actual implementation of the model to a pilot city and the implementation results for reduced carbon emission based on different scenarios. Methodology of carbon emission estimation 2.1 Micro-level driving data calculation for carbon emission estimation The MATSim used in this study makes use of the Queue Based Model, and links are modeled by a queue of FIFO (First In, First Out) format.
    keywords: activity; carbon; emission; estimation; model; policy; time; traffic; travel; vehicle
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        item: #562 of 7527
          id: cet-10731
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-10731
        date: 2020-01-23
       words: 4203
      flesch: 45
     summary: Table 2: The effect of different microwave encapsulation power on the total anthocyanin content (TAC) and the blue parameter index (b*) of encapsulated BPF colourant using 40 % MD for 7 min. Power (W) TAC (mg/L) b* 550 9.02 −6 770 27.05 −3 1,100 26.55 −1 3.3 Effect of Encapsulation Time Table 3 shows the effect of encapsulation time on TAC, blue parameter index, and encapsulation efficiency at constant microwave power (770 W) and maltodextrin concentration (40 % MD). Table 3: The effect of different encapsulation times on the total anthocyanin content, the blue parameter index (b*), and the efficiency of encapsulation of encapsulated BPF colourant using 40 % MD at 770 W. Time (min) TAC (mg/L) b* EE % 6 16.68 −11 55.25 % 7 26.80 −10 77.71 % 8 19.59 −7 64.89 % 3.4 Best Conditions for the Development of a Stable BPF Colourant Based on the tests conducted above, the best condition consisted of 40 % MD as the encapsulating agent, 770 W microwave power, and 7 min encapsulation time.
    keywords: bpf; colourant; effect; encapsulation; maltodextrin; microwave; power; tac; time
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        item: #563 of 7527
          id: cet-10732
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-10732
        date: 2020-01-23
       words: 3114
      flesch: 49
     summary: Figure 1b shows the surface change of the PAA-PSBF after MB adsorption. Another significant change was observed that the fiber diameter increased to 720 μm after MB adsorption, which was 10.8 % increase in diameter compared to the original form.
    keywords: adsorption; dye; model; paa; psbf
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        item: #564 of 7527
          id: cet-10733
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-10733
        date: 2020-01-23
       words: 3490
      flesch: 44
     summary: Carbon deposition into the substrate of carbon-carbon composite was carried out in a Nabertherm chemical vapor deposition furnace with the chamber length of 1,000 mm and diameter of 5 mm at Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology with highest vacuum of 10-3 Pa (Figure 1). Carbon crystals in carbon-carbon compsites were formed by two main techniques including liquid-phase impregnation, gas- phase deposition and their combination into the gaps of carbon fibers framework (Fitzer and Manocha, 2008).
    keywords: carbon; density; deposition; porosity; pressure; process; pyrocarbon; temperature
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        item: #565 of 7527
          id: cet-10734
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-10734
        date: 2020-01-23
       words: 4055
      flesch: 46
     summary: Co-composting SSGM with other agricultural residues will not only take full advantage of other available local raw materials but also improve the quality of compost. The evaluation of compost maturity based on using seed germination and root growth testing indicated that compost products were mature.
    keywords: compost; content; formulas; process; products; ssgm; tcvn; total; vietnam
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        item: #566 of 7527
          id: cet-10735
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-10735
        date: 2020-01-23
       words: 4147
      flesch: 51
     summary: In this study, the calculation of batik water footprint was conducted based on Hoekstra et al. (2011) and the water footprint components used were blue water footprint (BWF) and grey water footprint (GWF). Naqsyabandi S., Riani E., Suprihatin S., 2018, Impact of batik wastewater pollution on macrobenthics community in Pekalongan River, AIP Conference Proceedings, 2023 (020128), 1-10. Nursanti I., Djunaidi M., Munawir H., Putri E.Y., 2018, Water footprint assessment of Indonesian batik production, 4th International Conference on Engineering, Technology, and Industrial Application ICETIA 2017, 13th-14th December, Surakarta, Indonesia, 1-4. Ministry of Environment and Forestry (MEF), 2014, The Regulation of Ministry of Environmental Issues of Indonesia No. 5/2014 on Quality Standard for Wastewater, Jakarta, Indonesia (In Indonesian).
    keywords: batik; cloth; dyes; footprint; handayani; process; volume; wastewater; water; wax
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        item: #567 of 7527
          id: cet-10736
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-10736
        date: 2020-01-23
       words: 3481
      flesch: 54
     summary: The aim of this study is to understand the shoot development in drought stress conditions and the shoot acclimation in drought stress conditions by using drought and thermal pre-treatment. 1 cm a b c 0.3 mm a b 231 3.2 Physiological and biochemical changes in drought stress condition In the drought stress condition (½ MS medium supplemented with 35 g.L-1 mannitol), the content of chlorophyll a, photosynthetic intensity, and cytokinin activity were lower than the control (½ MS).
    keywords: condition; drought; drought stress; g.l-1; leaf; mannitol; plant; shoot; stress
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        item: #568 of 7527
          id: cet-10737
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-10737
        date: 2020-01-23
       words: 4084
      flesch: 42
     summary: This result indicated the similarity of antibacterial activity of Syzygium glomerulatum extract and vancomycin, although the compounds from Syzygium glomerulatum were not isolated. Concentration of Syzygium glomerulatum SCTT (E+D) was 0.3128 µg/mL compared to Syzygium glomerulatum MIC 2.5 µg/mL, in addition, concentration of vancomycin was 2.32515 µg/mL compared to vancomycin MIC 4.65 µg/mL. Similarly, combination FIC index of well A5B4 was 0.53544, and well A5B3 was 0.75000.
    keywords: activity; antibacterial; combination; concentration; glomerulatum; inhibition; mrsa; syzygium; syzygium glomerulatum; vancomycin
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        item: #569 of 7527
          id: cet-10738
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-10738
        date: 2020-01-23
       words: 4025
      flesch: 55
     summary: This paper reviews and evaluates European LEZ policies in Milan, Rome, Paris, and London, and gives a quick summary and highlights the differences and similarities within the mentioned cities. However, despite the wide public acceptance, LEZ policy could suffer from strong opposition, especially within commercial areas, where it is viewed as obstacles.
    keywords: cities; diesel; emission; european; lez; london; paris; policy; traffic; vehicles; zone
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        item: #570 of 7527
          id: cet-10739
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-10739
        date: 2020-01-23
       words: 3289
      flesch: 36
     summary: A research conducted by the Seoul Institute estimated the costs by pedestrian facility project (Yonghoon and Segu, 2014). First, for large-scale investment projects of more than 170 USD of total project costs in transportation facilities for pedestrian and bicycle sectors, the unit load by project is used as a cost estimation method.
    keywords: cost; estimation; facilities; facility; land; method; pedestrian; project; transportation; unit
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        item: #571 of 7527
          id: cet-1074
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - CET--006.docx
        date: 2017-07-25
       words: 3764
      flesch: 55
     summary: <sin 2 > E Figure 2: Variation of the reciprocal of sonic modulus for F-3 fibers 1/Es with <sin2φ> The theoretical lines have been calculated from equation (13) using g=1.0 GPa for F-3 fiber and g=2.0 GPa for PPTA fiber.
    keywords: armos; f-3; fibers; kevlar-49; modulus; ppta; properties
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        item: #572 of 7527
          id: cet-10740
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-10740
        date: 2020-01-23
       words: 4138
      flesch: 49
     summary: Soil texture, color, pH, bulk density, cation exchange capacity, electrical conductivity, soil nutrients (NPK), are parameters that affects plant growth. One of these technologies to enhance soil properties is the use of microorganisms – the Effective Microorganisms technology.
    keywords: content; matter; microorganisms; phosphorous; properties; soil; texture; treatment
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        item: #573 of 7527
          id: cet-10741
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-10741
        date: 2020-01-23
       words: 4039
      flesch: 50
     summary: There were other experiments made on swine wastewater treatment but no study done on vetiver technology in the region. This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of Vetiver zizanioides in purifying swine wastewater.
    keywords: grass; growth; length; removal; roots; study; treatment; vetiver; wastewater; weeks
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        item: #574 of 7527
          id: cet-10742
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-10742
        date: 2020-01-23
       words: 3624
      flesch: 32
     summary: Strategies for residual antibiotics control in aquaponics 3.1 Proper way for antibiotics employment in aquaponics If antibiotics have to be employed in aquaponics for controlling special fish diseases, proper procedures should be established to avoid the distribution of residual antibiotics in the recirculating water flow, especially to prevent residual antibiotics from contacting plants in the hydroponic unit. 3.3 Novel technical approach for residual antibiotics removal As a recirculating system, aquaponic system accumulates a relatively lower level of antibiotics after fish uptakes the majority of feed mixed with antibiotics.
    keywords: antibiotics; aquaculture; aquaponics; control; fish; removal; system; water
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        item: #575 of 7527
          id: cet-10743
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-10743
        date: 2020-01-23
       words: 3796
      flesch: 53
     summary: To improve oil capacity adsorption, making the material surface hydrophobic is necessary (Bannerjee et al., 2006). Efficiency (%) 6H 0.42 0.1541 ± 0.0107b 36.69 CB 0.42 0.1679 ± 0.007b 37.99 Ri6 0.42 0.2670 ± 0.089a 63.57 * Oil adsorption capacity with different superscripts (a, b) are significantly (p < 0.05) different.
    keywords: acid; adsorption; capacity; oil; oil adsorption; ri6as; water
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        item: #576 of 7527
          id: cet-10744
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-10744
        date: 2020-01-23
       words: 3374
      flesch: 51
     summary: From the above results, it can be seen that Fe3O4 NPs were successfully linked on GO surface. These values of Fe3O4/GO nanocomposites were lower than that of the bulk Fe3O4 (92 emu/g) due to the Fe3O4 NPs were decorated on GO surface, decreasing in the size of nanoparticles.
    keywords: adsorption; fe3o4; fgo2; graphene; nanocomposites; oxide; pb2; surface
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        item: #577 of 7527
          id: cet-10745
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-10745
        date: 2020-01-23
       words: 3090
      flesch: 49
     summary: The incubation of selected strains with rice straw and cane bagasse indicated that the ability of all these strains to degrade agricultural wastes. Rice straw showed better degradation results in comparison to sugarcane bagasse.
    keywords: incubation; production; rice; strains; straw
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        item: #578 of 7527
          id: cet-10746
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-10746
        date: 2020-01-23
       words: 3478
      flesch: 42
     summary: Lastly, each energy input nest is a composite of energy itself and GHG emission; energy consumption will generate GHG emissions. The objective of this study was to assess Thailand ’s socio-economic impact when introducing GHG emissions mitigation actions in power and industrial sectors aligning with the government ’s present policies as well as future technologies scenarios.
    keywords: capital; emissions; energy; ghg; mitigation; model; ndc; study; technology
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        item: #579 of 7527
          id: cet-10747
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-10747
        date: 2020-01-23
       words: 2920
      flesch: 46
     summary: Synthesized ReFeO3 material was used as a photocatalyst for the degradation of methylene blue under visible light. 2.2 Synthesis of perovskite materials The rare earth oxalate Re2(C2O4)3 was recovered from permanent magnets and used as starting material for synthesis of perovskite ReFeO3 material (Pham et al., 2017).
    keywords: degradation; earth; light; materials; ndfeo3; perovskite; photocatalytic; refeo3
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        item: #580 of 7527
          id: cet-10748
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-10748
        date: 2020-01-23
       words: 3162
      flesch: 53
     summary: Faria D.C., Souza A.A.U.D., Souza S.M.A.G.U., 2009, Optimization of water networks in industrial processes, Journal of Cleaner Production, 17(9), 857-862. Mabitla S.S., Majozi T., 2019, A hybrid method for synthesis of integrated water and regeneration networks with variable removal ratios, Journal of Environmental Management, 231(1), 666–678.
    keywords: design; method; regeneration; subnetwork; value; water
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        item: #581 of 7527
          id: cet-10749
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-10749
        date: 2020-01-23
       words: 3318
      flesch: 42
     summary: 308 2.2 Alkaline pretreatment of lignocellulose material As a typical procedure of alkaline pretreatment of lignocellulose, in a 250-ml round flask, 5 g rubber wood saw dust is mixed and soaked in alkaline solution. In this context, the experiments were carried out in an innovated approach, where pretreatment efficiency is defined as the cellulose enrichment degree.
    keywords: alkaline; biomass; cellulose; efficiency; lignin; lignocellulose; naoh; pretreatment; solution; water
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        item: #582 of 7527
          id: cet-1075
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - CET--006.docx
        date: 2017-07-25
       words: 2867
      flesch: 57
     summary: When semi-cone angle is bigger, bending section AB would not inflectionn straight in point B but still bending to produce curling (Figure 1b). Literature (Huang, et al., 2005) confirmed the existence of the limit of semi-cone angle in conical nosing with finite element analysis, but not explain the relationship between semi-cone angle and material properties from mechanism.
    keywords: angle; cone; deformation; nosing; sin; tube
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        item: #583 of 7527
          id: cet-10750
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-10750
        date: 2020-01-23
       words: 2683
      flesch: 56
     summary: In this work, phenyltrimethoxysilane (PTMS) and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) were added into methyltrimethoxysilane (MTMS)-based silica aerogels to enhance their mechanical properties. In particular, silica aerogels are also promising for thermal insulation owing to their low thermal conductivity (<0.05 W/mK) and can be applied for doors, windows, or heat storage systems (Jelle, 2011).
    keywords: aerogel; mtms; ptms; pva; silica; solution; wt%
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        item: #584 of 7527
          id: cet-10751
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-10751
        date: 2020-01-23
       words: 3262
      flesch: 45
     summary: Table 2: Scenarios of municipal solid waste practice development in Hoi An City Scenario Separation at source Recycling Composting S0 Business as Usual (BaU) Current Current rate Current rate S1 Minimalism in waste practice at source No separation Intention rate No S2 Minimalism in waste practice at source No separation Optimal rate No S3 Enhancement of waste practice at source Separate into three types Intention rate Intention rate S4 Enhancement of waste practice at source Separate into three types Optimal rate Optimal rate In addition, S3 and S4 were built based on the sustainable concept of MSW practice.
    keywords: management; msw; practice; rate; recycling; source; system; waste
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        item: #585 of 7527
          id: cet-10752
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-10752
        date: 2020-01-23
       words: 3304
      flesch: 49
     summary: Biomass energy is a clean fuel which helps to mitigate contributions to global warming (DEDE, 2008). Thailand has a campaign to save energy and promote the usages of renewable energy from nature, especially from biomass energy, which has the second-highest potential after solar energy.
    keywords: biomass; energy; plant; potential; power; residuals; total
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        item: #586 of 7527
          id: cet-10753
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-10753
        date: 2020-01-23
       words: 3222
      flesch: 53
     summary: The collected experimental data on CN was plotted against the occurrences of the CH2 group for various families of compounds to identify the best model for CN property. In the domain of property prediction models, a few researchers have implemented group-contribution (GC) methods to predict pure compound properties such as open cup flash point (Constantinou and Gani, 1994), melting point, boiling point (Marrero and Gani, 2001), viscosity and surface tension (Conte et al., 2008), lethal concentration, LC50 (Hukkerikar et al., 2012a), and heat of combustion (Yunus and Zahari, 2017).
    keywords: cetane; contribution; group; model; number; order; property
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        item: #587 of 7527
          id: cet-10754
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-10754
        date: 2020-01-23
       words: 3330
      flesch: 56
     summary: Whereas, ceramic products in developing countries are produced by traditional and manual technology with a small capacity. Also, the CF of ceramic products may be different due to the variety of technological processes, the raw materials, kinds of fuel and types of the products.
    keywords: co2; emission; furnace; pottery; production; products; vietnam
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        item: #588 of 7527
          id: cet-10755
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-10755
        date: 2020-01-23
       words: 3350
      flesch: 52
     summary: CHP composite membranes were characterized using the same equipment but at scope of 1,500, 10,000, and 20,000. Many attempts have been carried out on Nafion membrane by incorporating organic/inorganic material into Nafion to reduce methanol crossover and improve proton conductivity of membrane.
    keywords: chemical; chp; crystallinity; fuel; membrane; methanol; nafion; water; wt%
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        item: #589 of 7527
          id: cet-10756
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-10756
        date: 2020-01-23
       words: 3990
      flesch: 44
     summary: 3.2 Functional properties of the Acetes proteolysate Solvability is not only one of the most essential functional features of protein and proteolysate, but it also impacts on other functional properties including emulsifying and foaming capacity (Putra et al., 2018). The Acetes proteolysate owned higher solubility than that of proteolysate from golden apple snail (Putra et al., 2018).
    keywords: acetes; amino; cabc; calcium; et al; food; hydrolysis; peptides; properties; protein; proteolysate
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        item: #590 of 7527
          id: cet-10757
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-10757
        date: 2020-01-23
       words: 4025
      flesch: 50
     summary: Monolithic TiO2 samples were prepared by repeating a following dip-coating cycle. A 5.7 log CFU mL-1 decrease of E. coli was observed with TiO2 nanoparticles after 3 h irradiation, whereas the number of surviving E. coli cells decreased by 2.7 log CFU mL-1 with monolithic TiO2 at the same irradiating condition.
    keywords: activity; antibacterial; coli; irradiation; p1:4; samples; sio2; solution; tio2; water
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        item: #591 of 7527
          id: cet-10758
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-10758
        date: 2020-01-23
       words: 2933
      flesch: 57
     summary: 364 Figure 4: XRD pattern of composite aerogel sample with 10 % PVA 3.6.2 SEM result Figure 5a and 5b show the morphology of silica aerogels prepared from MTMS and MTMS + rice husk ash extract. 3. Results and discussion 3.1 Effect of pH to the gelation time of composite aerogel prepared from MTMS, rice husk ash extract and PVA From Figure 1, it is obvious that the gelation time becomes shorter when the pH value of the mixture of MTMS, rice husk ash extract and PVA rises from 7.5 to 13.5.
    keywords: aerogel; composite; glass; husk; mtms; pva; rice; silica
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        item: #592 of 7527
          id: cet-10759
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-10759
        date: 2020-01-23
       words: 4643
      flesch: 48
     summary: Based on the review, it can be concluded that activated carbon produced from PET waste has the potential to be an effective adsorbent for dye adsorption. 3. Adsorption capacity of PET waste based adsorbent An effective adsorbent for dye adsorption is defined as i) efficient for removal a wide variety of dyes, ii) high capacity and rate of adsorption, iii) high selectivity for different concentrations; and iv) tolerant of a wide range of wastewater parameters (Crini, 2006).
    keywords: adsorbent; adsorption; blue; carbon; dye; et al; membrane; pet; waste; water
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        item: #593 of 7527
          id: cet-1076
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - CET--006.docx
        date: 2017-07-25
       words: 3176
      flesch: 42
     summary: The process of mapping the input crisp value into a fuzzy subset and its membership degree is called fuzzy process. The fuzzy membership function is show in Figure 4. temperaturetemperature Membership gradeMembership grade LowLow NormalNormal HighHigh Figure 4: Fuzzy membership function 58 3.4
    keywords: decision; design; function; fuzzy; making; number; process; speed; value
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        item: #594 of 7527
          id: cet-10760
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-10760
        date: 2020-01-23
       words: 3298
      flesch: 54
     summary: PU foam is made by reacting diisocyanates with polyols components. The issues on environmental impact and sustainability have driven the development of PU foams from vegetable oil-based polyols (Prociak et al., 2012).
    keywords: biocomposite; fibre; foam; oil; polyurethane; strength
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        item: #595 of 7527
          id: cet-10761
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-10761
        date: 2020-01-23
       words: 3893
      flesch: 53
     summary: Table 1: Parameters for preparation of magnetic biochar samples from rice husk and their yields Sample Fe-loaded content* (wt%) Pyrolysis temperature (°C) In addition, magnetic biochar particles could be removed from the treated solution by magnets easily.
    keywords: adsorption; biochar; mbc; nitrophenol; pyrolysis; rice; wt%
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        item: #596 of 7527
          id: cet-10762
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-10762
        date: 2020-01-23
       words: 3980
      flesch: 44
     summary: Figure 4b shows the model of pseudo first -order reaction with respect to the AB-62 in non-catalytic ozonation and heterogeneous catalytic ozonation over K-OMS-2 and Fe-OMS-2. Comparing to ozonation over Fe-OMS-2, both adsorption and non-catalytic ozonation of AB-62 showed much lower removal efficiency.
    keywords: ab-62; catalyst; catalytic; oms-2; ozonation; removal
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        item: #597 of 7527
          id: cet-10763
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-10763
        date: 2020-01-23
       words: 3370
      flesch: 56
     summary: Natural rubber in form of natural rubber fibre is used in many manufacturing such as tires, gloves, surgical materials, adhesives, automobile, fabric, etc. (Cacciotti et al., 2015). The best results of natural rubber fibre were produced by using 3 d of stirring time, concentration of 2 wt% of natural rubber, feed rate of 2.5 mL/h, and needle-target distances of 15 cm.
    keywords: concentration; diameter; fibre; gnps; rubber; sample; wt%
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        item: #598 of 7527
          id: cet-10764
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-10764
        date: 2020-01-23
       words: 3294
      flesch: 56
     summary: Hossain et al. (2018) studied effect of solvent ratio in deoxygenation of fatty acid reaction at higher temperature than 300 ºC and pressure below 35 barg. Palmitic acid was selected as a reactant in optimization.
    keywords: acid; catalyst; fatty; palmitic; product; reaction; selectivity; solvent; temperature
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        item: #599 of 7527
          id: cet-10765
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-10765
        date: 2020-01-23
       words: 3334
      flesch: 51
     summary: Shu Q., Zou W., He J., Lesmana H., Zhang C., Zou L., Wang Y., 2019, Preparation of the F−-SO42-/MWCNTs catalyst and kinetic studies of the biodiesel production via esterification reaction of oleic acid and methanol, Renewable Energy, 135, 836-845. Silva N.D.L.D., Batistella C.B., Filho R.M., Maciel M.R.W., 2009, Biodiesel Production from Castor Oil: Optimization of Alkaline Ethanolysis, Energy Fuels,23(11), 5636-5642. Table 2: Comparison of kinetic study using acid heterogeneous esterification reaction Feedstock Catalyst Reaction order Activation Energy, Ea (kJ/mol) Pre-Exponential factor, A References Oleic Acid Zr-SO3H 1st 24.7 134.4 min-1 (Wang et al., 2019)
    keywords: acid; biodiesel; catalyst; energy; esterification; kinetic; pfad; reaction; study
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        item: #600 of 7527
          id: cet-10766
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-10766
        date: 2020-01-23
       words: 3163
      flesch: 50
     summary: Figure 4: Effect of extraction temperature towards extraction yield As observed in Table 2, the TPC content increased initially with temperature until 105 °C, achieving the highest TPC content of 154.8 ppm. In this study, the studied range of extraction temperature ranged from 65 °C to 145 °C.
    keywords: content; dengue; extraction; min; pellucida; temperature; time; tpc; yield
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        item: #601 of 7527
          id: cet-10767
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-10767
        date: 2020-01-23
       words: 3859
      flesch: 45
     summary: Development of electricity and heat generation assessment index (EHGAI) for waste to energy technology There are three main steps involved in developing the EHGAI as illustrated in Figure 1. Scores for this index were developed based on the parametric values obtained from the literatures while suitability of WtE technology on waste composition is used as weightage.
    keywords: electricity; energy; heat; msw; technologies; technology; waste; wte
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        item: #602 of 7527
          id: cet-10768
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-10768
        date: 2020-01-23
       words: 2861
      flesch: 58
     summary: Opportunities and challenges in the design and analysis of biomass supply chains. Modelling and optimisation of biomass supply chains: a review.
    keywords: biomass; demand; energy; inventory; month; pinch; production; supply
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        item: #603 of 7527
          id: cet-10769
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-10769
        date: 2020-01-23
       words: 3481
      flesch: 48
     summary: For example, N-TiO2 was prepared by acid-catalysed hydrolysis, showed higher phenol degradation compared DOI: 10.3303/CET2078072 Paper Received: 10/05/2019; Revised: 27/09/2019; Accepted: 430 Figure 4: Photocatalytic degradation of phenol (a) Effect of molar ratio TiO2:SiO2; (b) Effect of molar ratio TNB:H2O over TS05 Figure 5a shows the photocatalytic activity of the sample with various molar ratios TNB:PEG for degradation of phenol.
    keywords: activity; degradation; molar; phenol; photocatalytic; ratio; sio2; tio2; tnb; ts05
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        item: #604 of 7527
          id: cet-1077
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - CET--006.docx
        date: 2017-07-25
       words: 2487
      flesch: 42
     summary: Strain 7.39×10-6 1445 2) Vibration harmonic response analysis of the middle part of shell (1) Sweep frequency analysis in the middle of the shell The middle D surface of the shell of axial piston pump is taken as the research surface for the study of vibration harmonic response analysis, to establish the three-dimensional coordinate system, choose the response curves of X, Y, Z three directions respectively representing vibration displacement, acceleration, stress and strain and excitation frequency, as shown in Figure 2. This study establishes a finite element model of the plunger pump, and makes modal analysis; according to the results of modal analysis, make vibration harmonic response analysis of the case, and determine the modal frequency that has the largest impact on pump shell structure dynamic performance; finally, finds out the region where the vibration is severe under the normal working state of axial piston pump.
    keywords: analysis; axial; frequency; piston; pump; shell; vibration
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        item: #605 of 7527
          id: cet-10770
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-10770
        date: 2020-09-15
       words: 3208
      flesch: 53
     summary: For fabrication of PFs aerogels, first, the PFs are blended for 5 min using a blender to cut the long PFs into smaller ones (0.3 - 1.5 mm) for improving the PFs dispersion. The density of the aerogels (ρPFs aerogels) was then calculated using Eq(1): ρ PFs aerogels = mPFs aerogels VPFs aerogels (1) Where m is mass of PFs aerogels, V is the volume of PFs aerogels.
    keywords: aerogels; cellulose; pfs; pfs aerogels; pineapple; waste; wt%
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        item: #606 of 7527
          id: cet-10771
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-10771
        date: 2020-01-23
       words: 4064
      flesch: 35
     summary: Prediction improvement is observed consistently across both regression techniques when carried out in moving windows form, where both types of moving windows predictions, i.e. expanding and rolling windows, have fared significantly better than the static window form, with an average prediction error reduction of 20.6 % for Free Fatty Acid prediction, 55.9 % for Moisture Content prediction, 32.6 % for Iodine Value prediction and 34.2 % for Colour Value prediction in RBDPO. FFA % MC IV CV % Improvement of expanding windows prediction 23.76 53.80
    keywords: data; model; oil; output; palm; prediction; quality; rbdpo; static; training; windows
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        item: #607 of 7527
          id: cet-10772
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-10772
        date: 2020-01-23
       words: 3815
      flesch: 49
     summary: For transportation, ssLNG carriers are defined as vessels with LNG storage capacity of less than 30,000 m³. The typical range of SSLNG storage capacity is between 500 m³ to 5,000 m³. For small scale supply chain, the LNG is shipped from the large scale supply terminal to consumers via ssLNG carrier and being stored in ssLNG storage. Based on the proposed tool, the minimum amount of LNG supply for operation has been reduced from 2,100 m3 to 1,400 m3 due to the stored amount of excess LNG supply (700 m3) during start-up with the existence of ssLNG storage tank.
    keywords: analysis; capacity; cascade; flow; lng; sslng; storage; supply
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        item: #608 of 7527
          id: cet-10773
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-10773
        date: 2020-01-23
       words: 3412
      flesch: 53
     summary: Experimental result also indicated that, PL and wax remained in oryzanol enriched oil. (a) (b) Figure 2: Influence of dilution (a) on flux in RO filtration of CRBO (▲: CRBO – n-hexane, ◼: CRBO – ethanol, filled plot: total flux, unfilled plot: oil flux) and (b) on oryzanol rejection in RO filtration of CRBO (▲: CRBO – n- hexane, ◼: CRBO – ethanol).
    keywords: crbo; flux; hexane; increase; membrane; oil; oryzanol; rejection; rice
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        item: #609 of 7527
          id: cet-10774
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-10774
        date: 2020-01-23
       words: 3788
      flesch: 52
     summary: Table 1: Economic evaluation for different scenarios proposed Description S1 S2 S3 S4 Emission reduction for transportation sector 10 % 20 % 30 % 40 % Emission reduction for power sector 90 % 80 % 70 % 60 % Utilization of public transport none Low medium High 3. This study focusses on the impact of EV towards power generation sector by proposing different mitigation strategies including the utilization of public transport and the electrification of car.
    keywords: cost; demand; emission; energy; generation; power; sector; total; transportation
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        item: #610 of 7527
          id: cet-10775
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-10775
        date: 2020-01-23
       words: 3816
      flesch: 53
     summary: Wang C., Li Q., Tang H., Yan D., Zhou W., Xing J., Wan Y., 2012, Membrane fouling mechanism in UF of succinic acid fermentation broth, Bioresource Technology, 116, 366–371. 468 It means that, UF process is potential technology for recovery of GABA from fermentation broth of rice bran extract.
    keywords: broth; fermentation; flux; fouling; gaba; operating; permeate; pressure; rice
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        item: #611 of 7527
          id: cet-10776
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-10776
        date: 2020-01-23
       words: 3098
      flesch: 46
     summary: It was found that four street trees planted per 100 m2 of permeable paving is sufficient to create carbon neutral permeable pavement systems. It has been found that four street trees per 100 m2 of permeable paving is sufficient to create carbon neutral permeable pavement systems.
    keywords: beecham; carbon; pavement; street; system; trees
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        item: #612 of 7527
          id: cet-10777
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-10777
        date: 2020-01-23
       words: 4332
      flesch: 58
     summary: 2.4 Experiment 3: Determination of the structural changes in E. coli O157:H7 To investigate the structural changes in E. coli O157:H7, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis (JEOL JEM-1010, USA) was performed. The influence of an alternating current (AC) frequency from 50 to 20,000 Hz at 30 V/cm using ohmic heating on the inactivation of E. coli O157:H7 in buffer peptone water (BPW) and pomelo juice was investigated.
    keywords: coli; coli o157; e. coli; juice; o157; pomelo
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        item: #613 of 7527
          id: cet-10778
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-10778
        date: 2020-01-23
       words: 3097
      flesch: 59
     summary: The aim of this work is to use the FGD waste from coal-fired power plants to enhance the soil quality in Nan, Thailand and to evaluate the effects of FGD waste mixture ranging from 5-40 % by weight on soil texture, bulk density, pH and electrical conductivity (EC). In this study, it is intended to use FGD waste to improve the soil quality in Nan province, Thailand for plant growing and to provide the optimum combination of FGD waste and soil mixture fitting with plant growth.
    keywords: bulk; fgd; fgd waste; plant; soil; texture; waste
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        item: #614 of 7527
          id: cet-10779
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-10779
        date: 2020-01-23
       words: 3050
      flesch: 51
     summary: For oil production, water-flooding is the most widely used method to increase oil recovery due to its low costs and simple operations (Sedaghat et al., 2013). For the future work, based on the results of this study, the chemical injection can be investigated in the rock or core samples from the real oil formation to test more on oil production with the working conditions in Fang in order to obtain the practical data of oil recovery.
    keywords: alkali; concentration; ift; oil; oilfield; polymer; temperature; water
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        item: #615 of 7527
          id: cet-1078
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - CET--006.docx
        date: 2017-07-25
       words: 3478
      flesch: 44
     summary: With the development of modern industry to the requirement of machine machining precision and efficiency increasing requirements on the performance of machine tools spindle is higher: wide speed range, high precision, high rigidity, small vibration, low noise, small deformation, and has good resistance ability of forced vibration and self-excited vibration. 5. Conclusions The importance of machine tool spindle is self-evident, many scholars devoted their lives to improve the performance of the machine tool spindle, and pay it to practice.
    keywords: analysis; bearing; design; element; machine; method; optimization; spindle; test
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        item: #616 of 7527
          id: cet-10780
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-10780
        date: 2020-01-23
       words: 3151
      flesch: 54
     summary: 4. Conclusions This paper reported the extracting methods to extract seed oil from papaya seed and defatted-papaya residue, as well as their properties. The aim of this study is to determine the composition of papaya seed oil, to evaluate the antioxidant activity of defatted-papaya seed residue, and to optimize the phenolic compound extracted from defatted-papaya seed residue.
    keywords: acid; extraction; oil; papaya; phenolic; seed; solvent; ultrasound
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        item: #617 of 7527
          id: cet-10781
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-10781
        date: 2020-01-23
       words: 3243
      flesch: 55
     summary: This minimisation is subject to pre-set precedence rules for maintenance tasks and resource scheduling constraints that involve shift calendars for maintenance workers. Where hi,j is the penalty cost for shifting maintenance activities for equipment i and j-th maintenance, dti,j is the amount of time shift, Tk is the maintenance execution time for group k, zi,j,k is the binary variables to specify that whether the j-th maintenance task for equipment i is in group k, Setrk is the set-up cost reduction for group k and EP is the economic profit for grouping maintenance tasks.
    keywords: analysis; cost; equipment; maintenance; pinch; tasks; time
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        item: #618 of 7527
          id: cet-10782
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-10782
        date: 2020-01-23
       words: 3510
      flesch: 50
     summary: This study suggests that IC anaerobic reactor is applicable for the removing of organic matter in wastewater at high organic loading rate. The experiment was carried out in a lab-scale of IC reactor at ambient temperature.
    keywords: cod; d-1; m-3; olr; rate; reactor; removal; wastewater
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        item: #619 of 7527
          id: cet-10783
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-10783
        date: 2020-01-23
       words: 3595
      flesch: 47
     summary: The single-objective model also has been applied to minimise waste management costs such as the tour costs and transfer visiting costs for a waste collection route (Das and Bhattacharyya, 2015), or the total cost of the entire MSW management system (Badran and El-Haggar, 2006). Optimisation of solid waste management systems using optimisation model methodologies was lack of application in Vietnam.
    keywords: city; cost; emission; landfill; management; model; msw; system; treatment; waste
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        item: #620 of 7527
          id: cet-10784
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-10784
        date: 2020-01-23
       words: 3114
      flesch: 48
     summary: Isolated from Raw Milk in Mekong Delta - Vietnam, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 78, 517-522 DOI:10.3303/CET2078087 517 2. Materials and methods 2.1 Isolation of Pseudomonas spp 10 samples of raw milk were collected randomly from the cow-milk stations and the cow-milk farms of in Mekong Delta, Vietnam, including 03 samples of Tien Giang province (01 sample form cow-milk farms and 02 samples from cow-milk stations), 04 samples of Can Tho province (02 sample form cow-milk farms and 02 samples from cow-milk stations) and 03 samples of Soc Trang province (01 sample form cow-milk farms and 02 samples from cow-milk stations). isolated from raw milk samples from cow-milk stations and cow-milk farms and identify the isolates had strongest activities by 16S rRNA genes sequencing.
    keywords: + +; activity; isolates; milk; pseudomonas; spp
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        item: #621 of 7527
          id: cet-10785
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-10785
        date: 2020-01-23
       words: 4020
      flesch: 45
     summary: 2.2 Antioxidant analysis by using 2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl assay Antioxidant activity of S. macrophylla seed oil extract was determined by using 2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) scavenging activity as referred to Jusoh et al. These results showed that antioxidant activity produced by S. macrophylla seed oil extract from SC-CO2 was higher.
    keywords: activity; cell; co2; extraction; inhibition; macrophylla; oil; seed
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        item: #622 of 7527
          id: cet-10786
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-10786
        date: 2020-01-23
       words: 3650
      flesch: 41
     summary: Nevertheless, to date, no effort has been put on a systematic examination of the effect of hybrid GO/HNT/epoxy to enhance anticorrosion properties and FR of epoxy coating has been reported. Incorporation of GO and MMT particles functionalized with aminosilane and 1,4-butanediol diglycidyl ether (BDDE) molecule into epoxy coating resulted in significant improvement of corrosion resistance compared to neat particles (Sari et al., 2017).
    keywords: coating; corrosion; effect; epoxy; graphene; hnt; hybrid; nanofillers; performance; properties
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        item: #623 of 7527
          id: cet-10787
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-10787
        date: 2020-01-23
       words: 3951
      flesch: 40
     summary: Different designs of anaerobic reactors had been developed by DOI: 10.3303/CET2078090 Paper Received: 03/07/2019; Revised: 04/09/2019; Accepted: 21/11/2019 Please cite this article as: Jasni A.B., Kamyab H., Chelliapan S., Arumugam N., Krishnan S., Md Din M.F., 2020, Treatment of Wastewater Using Response Surface Methodology: A Brief Review, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 78, 535-540 DOI:10.3303/CET2078090 535 researchers over the years. Lastly, stage anaerobic reactor (Prasetyo et al., 2017) has also been looked into in recent years for the purpose of treating the wastewater and landfill leachate (Roudi et al., 2019).
    keywords: anaerobic; ccd; design; et al; parameters; reactor; response; rsm; treatment; wastewater
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        item: #624 of 7527
          id: cet-10788
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-10788
        date: 2020-01-23
       words: 3202
      flesch: 51
     summary: As a result, it can be achieved two targets in one work which are of sludge treatment and energy generation (Bong et al., 2018). The advantages of using anaerobic treatment are excellent organic matter removal, less production of sludge, low energy requirement, execution of higher loading rates, less nutrients requirement, and simultaneous production of renewable energy (Abudi et al., 2006).
    keywords: anaerobic; biogas; digestion; reactor; removal; sludge; time; treatment; wastewater
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        item: #625 of 7527
          id: cet-10789
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-10789
        date: 2020-01-23
       words: 4553
      flesch: 51
     summary: The gels were synthesized by mixing urea and furfural at 0.5 molar ratio with the addition of distilled water as diluent followed by additional of H2SO4 as acid catalyst. The ethanolysis of LA and FA to EL was carried out in the presence of heterogeneous acid catalyst as an alternative to replace the homogeneous catalyst due to problem of catalyst recyclability.
    keywords: acid; catalyst; ethanolysis; levulinate; loading; reaction; ucc; yield
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        item: #626 of 7527
          id: cet-1079
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - CET--006.docx
        date: 2017-07-25
       words: 3479
      flesch: 32
     summary: Through the design of the pump body is added in the extrusion mechanism, can improve the extrusion mechanism outflow problem, at the same time, by reference to the pump body, extrusion mechanism flow can be precisely controlled, to ensure the stability of the output material, improving the forming quality (Chen and Jia, 2015). Therefore, based on the above, the nozzle design of extrusion mechanism, respectively with different wire diameter of the nozzle work piece surface, the internal support and auxiliary support programmes.
    keywords: design; extrusion; extrusion mechanism; heating; mechanism; motor; nozzle; printer; temperature; work
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        item: #627 of 7527
          id: cet-10790
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-10790
        date: 2020-01-23
       words: 2969
      flesch: 50
     summary: Figure 2: pH values of the aqueous solution before and after treatment using water lettuce The use of water spinach raised the pH value of the aqueous solution to a pH value of 4 in all treatments (Figure 3). The maximum adsorption capacity (qe) of Pb2+ was 3.62, 2.31, and 3.52 mg g-1 using water lettuce, water hyacinth, and water spinach.
    keywords: biosorption; capacity; efficiency; hyacinth; lettuce; water
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        item: #628 of 7527
          id: cet-10791
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-10791
        date: 2020-01-23
       words: 3131
      flesch: 43
     summary: From the results, the optimum formulation for bacterial cellulose production from pineapple waste as medium were yeast extract 6 g, sucrose 20 g, bactopepton 1.49 g and KH2PO4 1.08 g for 176.47 g (wet weight) of bacterial cellulose production. Five factors were investigated using two levels factorial design in order to determine the factors that affected on bacterial cellulose production using pineapple waste as substrate.
    keywords: cellulose; culture; fermentation; medium; pineapple; production; waste; weight
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        item: #629 of 7527
          id: cet-10792
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-10792
        date: 2020-01-23
       words: 2773
      flesch: 49
     summary: (2,5- thiophenediyl)bis(5-tertbutylbenzoxazole) (0.16 wt%) was used in PR48 resin to control the light penetration depth, which is needed to confine cured layer thickness. Figure 3: Sample print orientations in 0°, 45° and 90°.
    keywords: curing; modulus; orint; properties; samples
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        item: #630 of 7527
          id: cet-10793
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-10793
        date: 2020-01-23
       words: 3632
      flesch: 57
     summary: The treatment efficiency of carbon aerogels on surface water in Tien River Figure 8 shows the removal efficiency of carbon aerogel for surface water on turbidity was from 190 to 3 NTU and counted as 98.4 %. The properties of carbon aerogels are distributed across a wide range and are controlled by many conditions in the synthesis process.
    keywords: aerogels; carbon; efficiency; figure; surface; treatment; water
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        item: #631 of 7527
          id: cet-10794
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-10794
        date: 2020-01-23
       words: 3839
      flesch: 49
     summary: Ionic liquid has broad ranges of applications especially in separation especially in carbon capture and azeotropic separation. This is due to the unique structures of ionic liquid that can be tailored for specific product separation.
    keywords: design; extraction; framework; ionic; liquid; process; properties; solvent; task
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        item: #632 of 7527
          id: cet-10795
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-10795
        date: 2020-01-23
       words: 3981
      flesch: 49
     summary: The results showed that geopolymer has the potential to improve the anti-biofouling and adhesion strength of hydrogel coating. Therefore, this study focuses on the synthesis of the hybrid hydrogel anti-biofouling coating through the incorporation of fly ash-based geopolymer into the coating to increase the adhesive property between hydrogel coating and substrate.
    keywords: adhesion; biofouling; bond; cm-1; coating; geopolymer; hydrogel; strength; water; wt%
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        item: #633 of 7527
          id: cet-10796
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-10796
        date: 2020-01-23
       words: 3198
      flesch: 54
     summary: While previous research work has been focused on the solar collector and integration of solar thermal system, however there are few studies on performance of solar thermal system in any other paper. Background study on solar thermal system is the basic steps to know the previous or current condition of the solar system in PPNJ Poultry & Meat Sdn Bhd.
    keywords: /7 /2; data; energy; heat; process; system; temperature; thermal
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        item: #634 of 7527
          id: cet-10797
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-10797
        date: 2020-01-23
       words: 3364
      flesch: 49
     summary: The amount of recoverable cold energy is important as it measures and characterizes the potential of cold energy in those energy regeneration utilizations for example simple power cycle, poly- generation cycle, cryogenic air separation, cryogenic CO2 capture, seawater desalination, cold chain for food transportation, and data center cooling. As different types of cold energy utilization require different quantity of cold energy, studies on the quantity of recoverable cold energy in a regasification terminal allow the determination of suitable cold energy utilization and application.
    keywords: data; energy; flow; lng; orv; rate; regasification; seawater; temperature
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        item: #635 of 7527
          id: cet-10798
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-10798
        date: 2020-01-23
       words: 3752
      flesch: 40
     summary: The potential implementation of solar thermal technologies at the palm oil industrial processes in Malaysia was investigated and the potential was analysed based on the analysis of palm oil processes operational condition and the assessment of solar thermal solar irradiation. The energy efficiency and conservation act (EECA) that expected to be regulated early 2020 will be the important instruments for a successful implementation of solar thermal energy in industry and commercial building.
    keywords: collector; demand; energy; heat; industry; malaysia; oil; palm; processes; temperature; thermal
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        item: #636 of 7527
          id: cet-10799
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-10799
        date: 2020-03-30
       words: 4137
      flesch: 43
     summary: Figure 2. Goodness index (GI) of ANFIS models using differently shaped membership functions. Predictive power of ANFIS models: R2, IA, RRMSE and GI using different data training percentages.
    keywords: anfis; data; fuzzy; high; medium; mfs; model; piv; training
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        item: #637 of 7527
          id: cet-108
      author: TW
       title: cet-108
        date: 2017-10-04
       words: 3132
      flesch: 55
     summary: As an important separation unit, distillation column is widely applied in petrochemical and other process industry. For the separation of multicomponent mixture, a sequence of distillation columns will be needed.
    keywords: column; distillation; number; separation
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        item: #638 of 7527
          id: cet-1080
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - CET--006.docx
        date: 2017-07-25
       words: 4155
      flesch: 42
     summary: Usually when calculating the anchoring force of anchor bolt that is equal to the lower suspension rock weight, but this phenomenon exists only in loose rock or unstable strata completely out of the stable rock, which is rare (Kan and Qian, 2016). Because the flexible work pressure injection through bolt, injection pressure, rod radial expansion to the direction of extrusion of rock, rock bolt, so the wall and the anchor hole wall extrusion contact, therefore, set the anchor wall and anchor hole wall of contact.
    keywords: anchor; anchor bolt; body; bolt; load; pressure; rock; rod; stress; wall
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        item: #639 of 7527
          id: cet-10800
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-10800
        date: 2020-03-30
       words: 2892
      flesch: 31
     summary: 3.2 Effectiveness of PVA and BC as active materials for Fe2+ oxidation The bacteria A. ferrooxidans was successfully immobilized on both hydrogels. Materials and methods 2.1 Immobilization materials Two hydrogels, polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and biocellulose (BC), were selected as immobilization materials.
    keywords: ferrooxidans; immobilization; materials; oxidation; pva
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        item: #640 of 7527
          id: cet-10801
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-10801
        date: 2020-03-30
       words: 4154
      flesch: 47
     summary: After applying fuchsin (photos 2 – 10) the process of diffusion- convective filling of fuchsin begins in the channels and gel volume. For mass transfer processes registration in gel systems with artificial microchannels the working site including the photo-registering device of high resolution was used.
    keywords: cells; channels; concentration; diffusion; gel; layer; mass; nutrient; transfer; volume
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        item: #641 of 7527
          id: cet-10802
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-10802
        date: 2020-03-30
       words: 3752
      flesch: 45
     summary: Typical bioreactor batch cultures, carried out with 160 g/L glycerol, yielded 16.0 g/L arabitol in 160 h. A fed-batch process was developed, in which growth is carried out batchwise in a balanced medium containing 20 g/L glycerol, and arabitol production is induced at the entrance into the stationary phase with a pulse of concentrated glycerol to provide the remaining 140 g/L carbon source. Arabitol production by W. anomalus WC 1501 was not growth- associated and occurred during the stationary phase, in presence of an excess of glycerol.
    keywords: anomalus; arabitol; batch; biomass; fed; glycerol; phase; production; strain
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        item: #642 of 7527
          id: cet-10803
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-10803
        date: 2020-03-30
       words: 3336
      flesch: 41
     summary: Xue, R., Woodley, J., 2012, Process technology for multi-enzymatic reaction systems, Bioresource technology 115, 183-195, DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2012.03.033. Figure 1: Multi-enzymatic cascade reaction sequence in a two-phase system with integrated co factor regeneration and in situ intermediate extraction producing cinnamyl cinnamate from cinnamyl aldehyde.
    keywords: cascade; cinnamyl; concentration; figure; phase; reaction; reactor; scale; water
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        item: #643 of 7527
          id: cet-10804
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-10804
        date: 2020-03-30
       words: 3785
      flesch: 49
     summary: Chlorella vulgaris microalgae cells contain up to 50 % of lipids - including saturated and unsaturated fatty acids used in the production of biofuels and nutritional supplements (ω-3 fatty acids), respectively (Araujo et al., 2013). Analysis of lipid fatty acids contained in 'microalgae extract' was performed using a gas chromatograph Crystallux-4000M.
    keywords: acids; biomass; cells; chlorella; cultivation; days; fatty; lipids; microalgae; temperature; vulgaris
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        item: #644 of 7527
          id: cet-10805
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-10805
        date: 2020-03-30
       words: 3723
      flesch: 53
     summary: The Lancet, 1992, River pollution by milk products, The Lancet, 200(5171), 772-773. Martino, F.A.R., Sánchez, M.L.F., Sanz-Medel, A., 2001, The potential of double focusing-ICP-MS for studying elemental distribution patterns in whole milk, skimmed milk and milk whey of different milks, Analytica Chimica Acta, 442(2), 191-200.
    keywords: butter; butter whey; cheese; cheese whey; milk; products; ricotta; ricotta whey; whey
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        item: #645 of 7527
          id: cet-10806
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-10806
        date: 2020-03-30
       words: 2963
      flesch: 51
     summary: 3.2 Sensitivity analysis on MFC parameters A preliminary sensitivity analysis on the operating and design parameters of the Pinto model was conducted. 2. Materials and methods (MFC model)
    keywords: anodophilic; mfc; model; parameters
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        item: #646 of 7527
          id: cet-10807
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-10807
        date: 2020-03-30
       words: 3971
      flesch: 38
     summary: Meeting the requirements of Community legislation and the updates introduced by EC Regulation 1907/2006 (REACH, 2006) and EC Regulation 1272/2008 (CLP, 2008), the guideline provides a methodology for chemical risk assessment distinguishing between risks for safety, related to reactivity and chemical-physical properties of chemicals, and risks for health, mainly ascribable to toxicological properties of chemical agents. The guideline meets the requirements of Community legislation and the updates introduced by EC Regulation 1907/2006 - REACH Regulation (European Parliament and Council of the European Union, 2006) and EC Regulation 1272/2008 - CLP Regulation (European Parliament and Council of the European Union, 2008) and provides a methodology for chemical risk assessment distinguishing between risks for safety, related to reactivity and chemical-physical properties of chemicals, and risks for health mainly ascribable to toxicological properties of chemical agents.
    keywords: agents; assessment; chemical; exposure; health; plant; process; risk; safety
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        item: #647 of 7527
          id: cet-10808
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-10808
        date: 2020-03-30
       words: 3037
      flesch: 42
     summary: 2.5 Biosurfactant production in 50L bioreactor The production scale-up was performed in a 50 L bioreactor under the same conditions selected from the Factorial Design at 28 ºC. Samples were taken every 12 hours throughout cultivation to determine growth kinetics, surface tension and yield in isolated biosurfactant. At the end of cultivation, which will last 72 hours, samples were centrifuged and filtered to determine surface tension and yield as parameters used to select the best production condition.
    keywords: bacillus; biosurfactant; design; production; surface; temperature; tension
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        item: #648 of 7527
          id: cet-10809
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-10809
        date: 2020-03-30
       words: 3903
      flesch: 41
     summary: This medium, despite presenting interfacial tension higher than 7 mN/m, is the best alternative, since low surface tension values were obtained using only residues as carbon, nitrogen and mineral sources. 3. Results and Discussion 3.1 Surface and interfacial tension According to Santos et al. (2016), surface tension, one of the most important properties of a surfactant, is considered as the force of attraction between the molecules of a liquid.
    keywords: biosurfactant; cmc; concentration; interfacial; medium; oil; production; surface; tension
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        item: #649 of 7527
          id: cet-1081
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - CET--006.docx
        date: 2017-07-25
       words: 2529
      flesch: 55
     summary: Cutting parameters Cutting speed V𝑐 (m/min) Depth of cut 𝑎𝑝 (mm) Feed rate f (mm/rev) 300 0.3/0.5/0.8/1 0.15 4.1 Cutting force analysis Cutting force is the main analysis parameters, related to cutting heat generation, tool wear, machining accuracy. 88 Figure 5: Temperature fields results of tool Figure 6: Relationship between tool temp and cutting depth 4.3 Tool stress-effective analysis Tool stress-effective mainly reflects the internal stress distribution of tool influenced by cutting force, can quickly determine the dangerous area of tool in cutting process, effectively predict tool failure mode.
    keywords: cutting; depth; figure; force; si3n4; simulation; stress; temperature; tool
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        item: #650 of 7527
          id: cet-10810
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-10810
        date: 2020-03-30
       words: 3421
      flesch: 43
     summary: Patino, J. M. R.; Sánchez, C. C.; Niño, M. M. R., 2008, Implications of interfacial characteristics of food foaming agents in foam formulations. Shah, M. U. H.; Sivapragasam, M.; Moniruzzaman, M; Talukder, M. M. R.; Yusup, S. B.; Goto, M., 2017, Production of sophorolipids by Starmerella bombicola yeast using new hydrophobic substrates.
    keywords: antioxidant; biosurfactant; capacity; doi; food; oil; production
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        item: #651 of 7527
          id: cet-10811
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-10811
        date: 2020-03-30
       words: 3067
      flesch: 43
     summary: In aerobic fermentation processes, oxygen transfer is the key problem. In this perspective, no limitation should affect oxygen transfer from the gaseous phase to the microorganism.
    keywords: kla; liquid; medium; oxygen; oxygen transfer; rate; transfer
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        item: #652 of 7527
          id: cet-10812
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-10812
        date: 2020-03-30
       words: 2498
      flesch: 46
     summary: Generally they are analysed through methods based on indices determination such as the Fire and Explosion Index (F&EI), the Safety Weighted Hazard Index (SW&HI) and the Probit method or comparing concentration values of own study with threshold limit values. About the two threshold limit values used for the release, they are concentration values associated with the substance being released.
    keywords: co2; concentration; extraction; figure; limit; plant; ppm; risk
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        item: #653 of 7527
          id: cet-10813
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-10813
        date: 2020-03-30
       words: 3266
      flesch: 51
     summary: 2. Materials and Methods Microorganism and culture conditions - for BC production, a strain of Gluconacetobacter hansenii UCP1619, obtained from the culture collection of Nucleus of Resource in Environmental Sciences, Catholic University of Pernambuco, Brazil, was used. Esa, F., Tasirin, S. M. and Rahman, N. A. (2014), “Overview of bacterial cellulose production and application”, Agriculture and Agricultural Science Procedia, Vol. 2, 113-119.
    keywords: cellulose; paper; production; scr; sugarcane; vol
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        item: #654 of 7527
          id: cet-10814
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-10814
        date: 2020-03-30
       words: 3192
      flesch: 39
     summary: Evaluation of substrates from renewable-resources in biosurfactants production by Pseudomonas strains. 3-D Response surface plot (a) and counter plot (b) showing the interactive effect of C/N ratio and hydrophobic (sunflower oil) substrate on biosurfactant surface activity, emulsification index (E24), while keeping the hydrophilic concentration at 5%, w/v. Figure 2.
    keywords: activity; biosurfactant; carbon; hydrophobic; oil; production; ratio; substrate; surface
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        item: #655 of 7527
          id: cet-10815
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-10815
        date: 2020-03-30
       words: 2992
      flesch: 40
     summary: Thus, a screening of the biotechnological potential of bacterium Bacillus cereus (UCP 1615) under a concentration of 107 cells/mL was carried out to evaluate the production of CaCO3 crystals with 20 g of the Portland Cement II (PC-II), and 0,58, 1,00, and 1,42 g of calcium lactate. Figure 2: Crystal production after 17 h on the three Petri Dishes After 168 h of experiment, the crystals were more evident at the end of the process, as be can seen in the Figure 3 on Petri Dishes and Figure 4 under an optical microscopy view, mainly on 1.42 g Petri Dish.
    keywords: bacillus; calcium; cement; cereus; concrete; crystals; figure; healing; lactate; production
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        item: #656 of 7527
          id: cet-10816
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-10816
        date: 2020-03-30
       words: 3418
      flesch: 36
     summary: = (We/Wt)*100 (1) 105 where Weis the weight of the extracted compound (mg); Wt is the beta-carotene content (mg) in the sample processed by supercritical CO2 extraction. Then, the investigation on the main operational parameters affecting extraction from Dunaliella salina and a cost-effectiveness evaluation of the process are presented; the results evidence as 194.3-366.6 kWh/day reflecting a cost of 26.89- 52.60euros/day are required for natural based beta-carotene recovery(59.3%) from Dunaliella salina.
    keywords: beta; biomass; carotene; carotenoids; co2; day; dunaliella; extraction; growth; market; microalgae; salina
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        item: #657 of 7527
          id: cet-10817
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-10817
        date: 2020-03-30
       words: 2932
      flesch: 40
     summary: On the other hand, the Cu-Ni:3-1 (670 m2/g) and Cu-Ni:2-1 (692 m2/g) bimetallic catalyst samples show better adsorption capacity in agreement with the higher surface area compared to Cu (532 m2/g) and Ni (627 m2/g) monometallic catalysts. The highest catalytic activity (in terms of turnover frequency) was obtained over bimetallic catalysts with Cu: Ni, 2:1, 3:1 molar ratio in dimethyl and diethyl carbonate, respectively and Ru in methane formation.
    keywords: bimetallic; carbon; carbonate; catalysts; co2; dioxide
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        item: #658 of 7527
          id: cet-10818
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-10818
        date: 2020-03-30
       words: 3233
      flesch: 41
     summary: This phenomenon can be attributed to the high surface area and the mineral properties of this clay; therefore, the inclusion of laponite in cellulose acetate membranes produced by supercritical phase inversion, drastically transformed this polymer into a suitable material for tissue engineering applications. For example, levan was recently loaded into cellulose acetate membranes (Tabernero et al., 2019a), increasing both cells adhesion (from about 15% to 40%) and the final mechanical resistance of the material.
    keywords: acetate; baldino; cellulose; co2; laponite; membranes; phase; process; reverchon
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        item: #659 of 7527
          id: cet-10819
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-10819
        date: 2020-03-30
       words: 3175
      flesch: 35
     summary: Although the technical-economic criteria (ethanol production, Y and NUPC) and an environmental criterion (ECO2) were favourable for the SEP process, the other two criteria (TEC and FWC) were not. On one hand, pretreatment processes of lignocellulosic biomass plays an important role in the productivity and performance of saccharification and fermentation (da Silva et al., 2017), and in the other hand, dehydration of ethanol determines the quality of the final product to be use as a fuel (Lara-Montaño et al., 2019).
    keywords: case; energy; ethanol; figure; pretreatment; process; production
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        item: #660 of 7527
          id: cet-1082
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - CET--006.docx
        date: 2017-07-25
       words: 3178
      flesch: 43
     summary: Feasibility analysis of recycling 5.1 Basic formula for perforating liquid (1) Formula of perforating fluid in reservoir of Penglai group: brine (density as 1.15~1.25g/cm3) + 0.4~0.5% DRS + 1.0~ 1.5% RT + 2.5~3.0% FPJ-1 + 0.8~1.0% ZPJ-2 + 0.8~0.9% HSJ-1. (2) Formula of perforating fluid in reservoir of Suining group: brine (density as 1.25~1.30 g/cm3) +
    keywords: backflow; fliud; flowback; fluid; liquid; performance; reservoir; table
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        item: #661 of 7527
          id: cet-10820
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-10820
        date: 2020-03-30
       words: 4333
      flesch: 47
     summary: On the other hand, the increase of temperature leads to an increase of hemicellulose hydrolysis, up to the complete hydrolysis at 210 ° C. Finally, acid insoluble lignin was partially solubilized and no significant difference can be highlighted between treatments at different temperatures and treatments at different solid ratio. Cellulose recovery does not seem to be affected by L/S ratio, while a significant cellulose degradation was observed for temperature above 200°C.
    keywords: antioxidant; capacity; cellulose; content; grape; lignin; ratio; recovery; temperature
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        item: #662 of 7527
          id: cet-10821
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-10821
        date: 2020-03-30
       words: 3846
      flesch: 49
     summary: Additionally, there are previous researches on bio-hydrogen production from food waste (Hallenbeck and Benemann, 2002; Kanchanasuta et al., 2016). In the present study, the mixture of CFM, CCM, and PM was evaluated due to the complementary properties of these substrates that favour dark fermentation so that bio-hydrogen production can be supported (Gómez et al., 2009; Hernandez M. et al., 2018).
    keywords: bio; colombia; energy; fermentation; hydrogen; hydrogen production; load; production
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        item: #663 of 7527
          id: cet-10822
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-10822
        date: 2020-03-30
       words: 3506
      flesch: 57
     summary: Among the bioactive compounds in palm oil pulp, fatty acids stand out, since they play diverse roles in plants, since they are the constituents of plant cell walls, providing a large energy reserve, as well as in translation of signals (Falcore et al.,1994). The objective of this work was to characterize the bioactive compounds in palm oil pulp from a production in the northern region of Brazil, including carotenoids, phenolic compounds as well as determine antioxidant activity and on the other hand the quantification of fatty acids in the oil extracted from said pulp in order to characterize the nutritional importance of said fruit.
    keywords: acid; activity; antioxidant; carotenoids; compounds; fatty; method; oil; palm; pulp; total
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        item: #664 of 7527
          id: cet-10823
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 98Baurin.docx
        date: 2020-04-01
       words: 3729
      flesch: 41
     summary: Our approach was to develop the fermentation process of B. megaterium for fodder, enriched with vitamin B12 and riboflavin, production by using a cheap alternative nitrogen source to conventional meat peptone such as sunflower protein enzymatic hydrolysates. Amino acid analysis of of sunflower protein enzymatic hydrolysates Amino acid Sunflower protein Protex 40E
    keywords: fermentation; isolate; meat; medium; peptone; protein; protex; sunflower; vitamin
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        item: #665 of 7527
          id: cet-10824
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-10824
        date: 2020-03-30
       words: 3211
      flesch: 48
     summary: Nonetheless, this model is useful to predict the behavior of the process and the involved variables, and allowed the observation of changes in scaffold thermal stability and morphology according to different operational conditions and resulting scaffold compositions. The increase in scaffold thickness shows a minimum for both lignin and ash contents, and a maximum for cellulose.
    keywords: biomass; cacao; cellulose; content; lignin; model; scaffolds; temperature
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        item: #666 of 7527
          id: cet-10825
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-10825
        date: 2020-03-30
       words: 3552
      flesch: 44
     summary: In order to better characterise the specific features of NaDES extraction, extracts were characterised in terms of their anthocyanins distribution by HPLC and the results obtained are reported graphically in Figure 2. It should be noted that, while the extraction rate during the first period (a few hours) appears to be affected even by a modest temperature increase (from 25 °C to 30 °C) without changing the ultimate yield, if extraction temperature is increased further (38 °C) an increase is observed both in extraction rate and ultimate extraction yield.
    keywords: anthocyanins; content; extraction; grape; nades; pomace; skin; solvent; temperature; water
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        item: #667 of 7527
          id: cet-10826
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-10826
        date: 2020-03-30
       words: 3505
      flesch: 49
     summary: Hydroethanolic pine bark extracts were prepared at 0.25, 0.50 and 80.00 mg/mL concentrations. MAE attained higher extraction yield and higher total phenolic content (20.4±0.7% w/w and 71.1±3.4 mg of gallic acid equivalent (GAE) per g of sample, respectively) than Soxhlet extracts (17.6±0.2% w/w and 54.9±2.6 mg GAE/g sample, respectively).
    keywords: atcc; bacteria; bark; extraction; extracts; pinaster; pine
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        item: #668 of 7527
          id: cet-10827
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-10827
        date: 2020-03-30
       words: 2700
      flesch: 47
     summary: Figure 3: Trend of bioethanol pool radius Figure 4: Trend of bioethanol evaporation rate 173 Figure 5: Pool temperature trend 6. In order to assess the contribution of heat flux from solar radiation to bioethanol evaporation, the clouds cover has been assumed equal to 50 % (Mazzarotta, 2006).
    keywords: bioethanol; evaporation; pool; rate; velocity; wind
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        item: #669 of 7527
          id: cet-10828
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-10828
        date: 2020-03-30
       words: 4627
      flesch: 57
     summary: No enzyme 10 % enzyme No enzyme 10 % enzyme <750 μm >750 μm <750 μm >750 μm 1 mm Soluble Dietary Fibre (% gdw) 4.31 ± 0.72c 1.30 ± 0.76a 2.93 ± 0.25bc 2.01 ± 0.25ab 5.69 ± 0.56a 1.18 ± 0.37b Insoluble Dietary Fibre (% gdw) 63.09 ± 0.63b 66.14 ± 1.73c 54.36 ± 0.38a 70.00 ± 0.71b 44.71 ± 0.70a 35.34 ± 0.20b Oil Retention Capacity (g/gdw) 2.50 ± 0.01b 2.43 ± 0.01a 2.58 ± 0.01c 2.48 ± 0.02b 2.18 ± 0.03a 1.95 ± 0.15a Water holding Capacity (g/gdw) 3.55 ± 0.14c 2.63 ± 0.02b 2.66 ± 0.02b 2.31 ± 0.03a 2.78 ± 0.02a 2.28 ± 0.01b Water Solubility (%) 2.57 ± 0.02a 3.85 ± 0.01b 10.58 ± 0.40d 7.39 ± 0.01c 16.56 ± 0.02a ±
    keywords: enzyme; fibre; food; fruit; gdw; pomace; skins; treatment; water
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        item: #670 of 7527
          id: cet-10829
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-10829
        date: 2020-03-30
       words: 2942
      flesch: 46
     summary: The immobilized TLL was used as an enzymatic catalyst for biodiesel production from dairy waste scum oil. The yield to biodiesel after the first 4 cycles results of 84 %, showing excellent reusability at the molar ratio methanol/oil of 6:1. Figure 5: Effect of cycles use on immobilized lipase for biodiesel production.
    keywords: acid; biodiesel; dairy; lipase; molar; oil; production; scum; waste
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        item: #671 of 7527
          id: cet-1083
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - CET--006.docx
        date: 2017-07-25
       words: 2541
      flesch: 46
     summary: In order to make the PID controller parameters adapt to the changes of the robot dynamics, we may adopt the intelligent methods such as fuzzy logic, genetic algorithm and neural network to conduct dynamic adjustment on PID controller parameters, or directly use the intelligent controller to track the control of the welding robot. What is different from speed closed loop optimization index is that, the position closed loop requires the speed controller parameters and position PID controller parameters to be configured in order to ensure the stability of the system, and position closed loop requires small overshoot, to avoid the flutter phenomenon in the process of robot motion.
    keywords: controller; ns ns; ns zo; ps ps; zo zo
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        item: #672 of 7527
          id: cet-10830
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-10830
        date: 2020-03-30
       words: 2592
      flesch: 59
     summary: 7,26E-04 9,52E-05 Figure 2: Relative contributions of semi-finished peaches production per FU. Introduction Over the years, fruit semi-finished products have become an increasingly popular product for the food industries.
    keywords: aseptic; cycle; life; peaches; process; production; study; water
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        item: #673 of 7527
          id: cet-10831
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-10831
        date: 2020-03-30
       words: 3412
      flesch: 50
     summary: The objective of the present work was to evaluate some of the parameters of the area of paints and coatings of two biodegradable and erodible coatings, formulated with a natural resin containing natural surfactants to prevent biofouling. Surfactants synthesized from natural raw materials are generally referred to as natural surfactants.
    keywords: antifouling; biofouling; coatings; formulation; marine; matrix; surfactants; test; viscosity
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        item: #674 of 7527
          id: cet-10832
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-10832
        date: 2020-03-30
       words: 3386
      flesch: 36
     summary: 202 Figure 2 - Results of efficiency of oil removal in industrial effluent by Pseudomonas cepacia biosurfactant as collector compared to commercial collectors (SDS, polymer and commercial biosurfactant) associated with the action of microbubbles in the Induced Saturation Tower 4. Table 1 – Percentages of emulsification and dispersion of motor oil by Pseudomonas cepacia biosurfactant formulated and isolated Biosurfactant / Oil Formulated biosurfactant (%) Isolated biosurfactant (CMC)
    keywords: biosurfactant; cepacia; collector; effluent; oil; removal; silva; water
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        item: #675 of 7527
          id: cet-10833
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-10833
        date: 2020-03-30
       words: 3036
      flesch: 48
     summary: 2. Materials and Methods 2.1 Microorganism and Cultivation Condition For BC production, a strain from the bacteria Gluconacetobacter hansenii, (ATCC 53582) obtained from the culture collection of Nucleus of Resource in Environmental Sciences, from the Catholic University of Pernambuco, Brazil, was used. Characterization from both films, pure BC and BC and propolis extract (BC-P) was done.
    keywords: analysis; biomask; cellulose; extract; figure; propolis; skin; water
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        item: #676 of 7527
          id: cet-10834
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-10834
        date: 2020-03-30
       words: 3111
      flesch: 42
     summary: Surface tension versus concentration of extract of Chenopodium quinoa (A) and isolated biosurfactant produced by P. aeruginosa (B) 3.2 Stability studies In stability tests under different temperature conditions, C. quinoa extract and crude P. aeruginosa biosurfactant showed stability at all temperatures tested (40, 60, 80 and 100 °C), maintaining the surface tension values at 31 and 27 mN / m, respectively (Figure 2). P. aeruginosa C. quinoa 20 30 40 50 60 70 2 4 6 8 10 S uf ac e Te ns io n (m N /m ) pH P. aeruginosa C. quinoa 214 Figure 4.
    keywords: aeruginosa; biosurfactant; extract; quinoa; stability; surface; tension
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        item: #677 of 7527
          id: cet-10835
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-10835
        date: 2020-04-23
       words: 3227
      flesch: 52
     summary: In order to define the best operational conditions for VFA production from WAS, several tests will be assessed by means of acidogenic fermentation. Despite some previous works reported no relevant influence in VFA productions for similar ranges of pH, even though, alkaline conditions could result in a higher release of soluble carbohydrates and proteins.
    keywords: acids; conditions; fermentation; production; sludge; vfa; waste
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        item: #678 of 7527
          id: cet-10836
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-10836
        date: 2020-03-30
       words: 3563
      flesch: 44
     summary: Smirnova I., Mamic J., Arlt W., 2003, Adsorption of drugs on silica aerogels, Langmuir, 19, 8521–8525. De Marco I., Reverchon E., 2017, Starch aerogel loaded with poorly water-soluble vitamins through supercritical CO2 adsorption, Chemical Engineering Research and Design, 119, 221–230.
    keywords: adsorption; aerogel; dissolution; msa; pressure; silica; toc; vitamin
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        item: #679 of 7527
          id: cet-10837
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-10837
        date: 2020-03-30
       words: 3610
      flesch: 37
     summary: (a) (b) Figure 1: FESEM images of Eudragit particles precipitated from DMSO at 40 °C and 20 mg/mL. Effect of the operating pressure: (a) 90 bar; (b) 100 bar. Among various carriers, Eudragit polymers have gained considerable interest in the pharmaceutical field due to their wide versatility, due to the different solubilities at different pH values (Singh et al., 2015).
    keywords: ampi; bar; coprecipitation; drug; eudragit; l100; microparticles; pressure; sas
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        item: #680 of 7527
          id: cet-10838
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-10838
        date: 2020-03-30
       words: 3208
      flesch: 47
     summary: On the other hand, until now, this fructose polymer has not been included in composite membranes to study its effect on morphological properties; at the same time, the possibility of using SC-CO2 to process this material, or any polymer with self-assembly, is still unexplored. Indeed, a porous structure with an average pore size of about 20 microns was obtained when PVDF-HFP was processed alone (figure 3a); whereas a foam- like structure with sensibly larger pores was obtained in the case of PVL50 composite membranes (figure 3b).
    keywords: co2; hfp; levan; membranes; process; pvdf
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        item: #681 of 7527
          id: cet-10839
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-10839
        date: 2020-03-30
       words: 2974
      flesch: 48
     summary: Chen, C.X., Liu, Q.Q., Xin, X., Guan, Y.X., Yao, S.J., 2016, Pore formation of poly(ε-caprolactone) scaffolds with melting point reduction in supercritical CO2 foaming, J. Supercrit. Reverchon, E., Cardea, S., 2007a, Production of controlled polymeric foams by supercritical CO2, J. Supercrit.
    keywords: bar; co2; foaming; foams; pores; pressure; temperature
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        item: #682 of 7527
          id: cet-1084
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - CET--006.docx
        date: 2017-07-25
       words: 2907
      flesch: 38
     summary: The experimental results show that the addition of organic silicon can improve the contact angle, hardness and impact strength of polyurethane coating. Introduction Among various types of anticorrision coatings, polyurethane coating (Melchiors et al., 2000; Rusman et al., 2017; Gabriel et al., 2016) has been widely used as finish in the heavy-duty anticorrosion system due to its excellent wear resistance, low temperature resistance, chemical resistance, flexibility, good adhesion to substrate, excellent physical and mechanical properties and corrosion resistance (Mathew and Singho, 2015).
    keywords: chemical; coating; contact; doi; heat; impact; journal; polyurethane; silicon; strength; technology; test
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        item: #683 of 7527
          id: cet-10840
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-10840
        date: 2020-03-30
       words: 3680
      flesch: 50
     summary: There are several examples of polymeric aerogels successfully obtained by supercritical drying process (De Marco et al., 2015a). In particular, in this work, we focused our attention on the production of polyvinylidene fluoride-hexafluoropropylene (PVDF-HFP) aerogels loaded with curcumin, for biomedical applications (i.e., biocomposites for wound healing applications) by supercritical drying process.
    keywords: aerogels; curcumin; drying; hfp; pvdf; w pvdf
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        item: #684 of 7527
          id: cet-10841
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-10841
        date: 2020-03-30
       words: 3226
      flesch: 43
     summary: In the LCA analysis, the considered steps are aerogel production from starch, and supercritical impregnation of NIM in the aerogel. Table 2: Life cycle inventory of the main inputs and outputs for starch aerogel production, and nimesulide impregnation on starch aerogel with respect to 1.5 g tablet.
    keywords: aerogel; carbon; impregnation; lca; marco; production; starch
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        item: #685 of 7527
          id: cet-10842
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-10842
        date: 2020-03-30
       words: 2788
      flesch: 39
     summary: 3.3 Emulsifying property of P. sclerotiorum biosurfactant The main role of surfactants is to reduce the interfacial tension, which allows the formation of small droplets. P. sclerotiorum crude biosurfactant was able to reduce the burnt engine oil viscosity from 279.6 cP to 48.5 cP, achieving a reduction percentage of 82.3%.
    keywords: barley; biosurfactant; oil; production; sclerotiorum; surface; whey
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        item: #686 of 7527
          id: cet-10843
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-10843
        date: 2020-03-30
       words: 3518
      flesch: 47
     summary: Bioreactor designed and build for hydrogen production. This would suggest that the fermentation time could be less with the objective of improving the acids production and so hydrogen production.
    keywords: butyricum; concentration; et al; fermentation; hydrogen; production
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        item: #687 of 7527
          id: cet-10844
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-10844
        date: 2020-03-30
       words: 3011
      flesch: 31
     summary: Natural astaxanthin production via Haematococcus pluvialis microalgae cultivation, dewatering,biomass drying and pretreatment, pigment extraction and carbon dioxide recovery and recycle. The aim of this work was to evaluate the economic feasibility of a natural astaxanthin production based on the cultivation of Haematococcus pluvialis microalgae and the subsequent antioxidant extraction via supercritical CO2 utilization.
    keywords: astaxanthin; biomass; cosmetic; extraction; haematococcus; microalgae; pluvialis; production
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        item: #688 of 7527
          id: cet-10845
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-10845
        date: 2020-04-14
       words: 3102
      flesch: 33
     summary: The mechanical pretreatment which allows to perform cell disruption, should affect the process economy to a lesser extent, i.e. 0.56%, since the energy demand for this operation is estimated to be in the range of 1-2 kWh/day (0.5-1.0 kg/day of dry biomass to treat).The projected cost for growth phase plant, mainly depending on the use of light irradiation source required for the correct microalgae survival and growth,should contribute for ~7.13% and nutrients for around 1.29%. In accordance with the National Center for Biotechnology Information, by 2050, microalgae will constitute ~18% of protein source among the more diverse market.
    keywords: biomass; dha; epa; extraction; growth; microalgae; oil; regulation
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        item: #689 of 7527
          id: cet-10846
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-10846
        date: 2020-03-30
       words: 3478
      flesch: 52
     summary: Given the demand for production and, as mentioned above, an alternative to hydrogen production as a source of clean energy is residual biomass. Finally, it is essential to mention that the pH was adjusted to 5.5, which turned out to be suitable to aid production yields, as several studies have shown that pH between 5 and 6 have been optimal for higher hydrogen production yields (Balachandar et al., 2013).
    keywords: energy; gvs; hydrogen; load; organic; production; temperature
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        item: #690 of 7527
          id: cet-10847
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-10847
        date: 2020-03-30
       words: 3038
      flesch: 43
     summary: At the same time, SA concentration achieves its maximum value of 2.0g/l in the test carried out with glucose concentration lower than 2.8g/l obtained for the test carried out with 11.4g/l of initial glucose concentration. Bioresource Technology, 268, 45-51 Guettler, M. V., Rumler, D., Jain, M. K., 1999, Actinobacillus succinogenes sp. nov., a novel succinic-acid- producing strain from the bovine rumen, International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology, 49(1), 207-216. Jiang, M., Dai, W., Xi, Y., Wu, M., Kong, X., Ma, J., Wei, P., 2014, Succinic acid production from sucrose by Actinobacillus succinogenes NJ113,Bioresource technology, 153, 327-332.
    keywords: acid; concentration; glucose; production; productivity; sucrose; sugars; tests; xylose
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        item: #691 of 7527
          id: cet-10848
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-10848
        date: 2020-03-30
       words: 2993
      flesch: 38
     summary: Before astaxanthin extraction, HPR microalgae was mechanically pre-treated by Retsch PM200 planetary ball mill at 400 rpm for 5 minutes to enhance astaxanthin extraction yield. The production process of the algal carotenoidincludes: 1) cultivation of the microalgae strain;2) biomass harvesting; 3) biomass pre-treatment and 4) astaxanthin extraction.
    keywords: adsorption; astaxanthin; carbon; extraction; microalgae; molino
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        item: #692 of 7527
          id: cet-10849
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-10849
        date: 2020-03-30
       words: 2816
      flesch: 49
     summary: Arsenic oxidation was highly favoured in anaerobic conditions than in aerobic conditions. Arsenic oxidation was highly favoured in anaerobic conditions than in aerobic conditions.
    keywords: arsenic; as(iii; orp; oxidation; reactor
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        item: #693 of 7527
          id: cet-1085
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - CET--006.docx
        date: 2017-07-25
       words: 3248
      flesch: 51
     summary: The technology can effectively increase the radius of coal seam gas drainage and improve the efficiency of gas control. As a physical starting equipment, CO2 fracturing device boasts strong safety, stable performance, and easy operation.
    keywords: co2; coal; device; drainage; fracturing; gas; hole; improvement; permeability; technology
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        item: #694 of 7527
          id: cet-10850
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-10850
        date: 2020-03-30
       words: 3557
      flesch: 38
     summary: In this study, a high-throughput screening technique using differential scanning fluorimetry (DSF) incorporated with enzyme activity analysis was thus developed in order to identify a suitable additive formulation for promoting enzyme stability in terms of conformational stability and functional activity. To demonstrate the concept feasibility, endo-xylanase obtained from metagenome of termite gut-inhabiting bacteria (XYN12) was used as a study model and several group of additives including salts, polymers, polyols and sugars at various concentrations and different combination patterns (single, double and triple pairing) were applied for investigating their effects on enzyme stability.
    keywords: activity; additive; conditions; enzyme; glycerol; stability; xylanase
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        item: #695 of 7527
          id: cet-10851
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-10851
        date: 2020-03-30
       words: 3038
      flesch: 45
     summary: 2.3 HRP Immobilization 0.1 mg of Fe3O4/Ag/GO NPs was added at 0,1, 0,2, 0,4 mg/ml of HRP in buffer solution (pH 6.0, 0.1 M) and mixed for 3 h at 4°C. Moreover, immobilized HRP showed a high removal efficiency of ~94% in the presence of 0.6 mM of H2O2.
    keywords: 2,4; degradation; fe3o4; h2o2; hrp; immobilized
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        item: #696 of 7527
          id: cet-10852
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-10852
        date: 2020-03-30
       words: 2898
      flesch: 38
     summary: 2.2 Preparation of hydroalcoholic extract. ++ ++ ++ Gelatin Tannins + ++ - - Foam Saponins - - - - 321 Figure 1: Halo diameter of the bacteria in hydroalcoholic extract of Musa paradisiaca In Figure 2, the effect generated by the hydroalcoholic extract Cocos nucífera (HECN) is observed in the gram negative bacterium Pseudomona aeruginosa, showing a 5.8 mm inhibition halo in 10 mg/ml (HECN), 7.1 mm in 20 mg/ml (HECN), 8.8 mm in 40 mg/ml (HECN) and 11.1 mm in 60 mg/ml (HECN).
    keywords: bacteria; extract; gram; halo; hecn; hemp; leaves; potential
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        item: #697 of 7527
          id: cet-10853
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-10853
        date: 2020-03-30
       words: 2639
      flesch: 41
     summary: Sample of soil Dose of Ag nanoparticles pH 0.5 mL 6.8 1.5 mL 7.23 7 mL 7.45 10 mL 7.54 Source: Own Figure 2: Design of the samples of soil and dose of the nanoparticles used 2.5 Characterization of the soil afterwards of the treatment At this stage, the analysis was performed on soil samples treated with nanoparticles silver to determine the impact of the method related to the level total coliforms in the soil. The synthesis gave rise to silver nanoparticles with an average size of 37 nm.
    keywords: camphora; coliforms; hours; nanoparticles; reduction; silver; soil; synthesis; treatment
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        item: #698 of 7527
          id: cet-10854
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-10854
        date: 2020-03-30
       words: 3252
      flesch: 53
     summary: Physicochemical analyses of beer samples and their sensorial attributes were done by performing Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) followed by Tukey's multiple comparison test when P < 0.05. This shows that, despite being rated differently from hops beers, pau-tenente beers show good sensory acceptance and potential for application in an industrial process.
    keywords: acceptance; beer; bitterness; commercial; hops; l-1; pau; samples; sensory; standard; tenente
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        item: #699 of 7527
          id: cet-10855
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-10855
        date: 2020-03-30
       words: 3699
      flesch: 52
     summary: The acid value is higher for used cooking oil than castor oil. The solvent with the greatest impact on mass loss was chloroform, since for castor oil it reported a mass loss of 36% and for used cooking oil of 19%.
    keywords: castor; castor oil; cooking; cooking oil; iso; oil; oils; polyols; polyurethane; production; vegetable
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        item: #700 of 7527
          id: cet-10856
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-10856
        date: 2020-03-30
       words: 2732
      flesch: 44
     summary: 346 Figure 4: Metal solution plates after five days: Little visual evidence that metal tolerance threshold has been reached 4. Conclusions and recommendations To establish whether this is the case, subsequent experiments would require propagating clones from this plate and observing the fungal behaviour in the absence of heavy metals.
    keywords: agar; aspergillus; concentration; fungus; metal; method; plate; spores
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        item: #701 of 7527
          id: cet-10857
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-10857
        date: 2020-03-30
       words: 3052
      flesch: 44
     summary: Eichhornia crassipes biosurfactant is characterized as an unsaturated fatty acid containing hydroxyl. These results are within the emulsification index range of 32 % to 100 % found by Almeida et al. (2017) with the use of plant biosurfactants.
    keywords: biosurfactant; crassipes; eichhornia; oil
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        item: #702 of 7527
          id: cet-10858
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-10858
        date: 2020-03-30
       words: 4153
      flesch: 42
     summary: Large amounts of plastic waste can accumulate quickly due to the short life span of many plastics products, which has been estimated to be less than a month for approximately 40% of all plastic products (Hahladakis et al., 2018). As a response, different methods have been developed to help dispose of the large amounts of plastic waste produced, such as incineration or dumping in landfill sites, but these methods are not without their drawbacks including release of toxic substances into the air and leachate into the soil and waters respectively.
    keywords: bioplastics; environment; landfill; materials; mineral; plastics; polymers; production; properties; waste
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        item: #703 of 7527
          id: cet-10859
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-10859
        date: 2020-03-30
       words: 3165
      flesch: 42
     summary: Lourenço L. A., Magina, M. D. A., Tavares L. B. B., Souza G. U., Román S. M. G. A., Altmajer V. D., 2018, Biosurfactant production by Trametes versicolor grown on two-phase olive mill waste in solid-state fermentation, Environmental Technology, 39, 3066-3076. Andrade R.F.S., Antunes A. A., Lima R.A., Araujo H. W. C., Resende-Stoianoff A. A., Franco L. O., Takaki G. M., Enhanced production of a glycolipid biosurfactant produced by Candida glabrata UCP/WFCC1556 for application in dispersion and removal of petroderivatives.
    keywords: biosurfactant; candida; production; surface; ucp
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        item: #704 of 7527
          id: cet-1086
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - CET--006.docx
        date: 2017-07-25
       words: 3163
      flesch: 45
     summary: It has been a popular topic of the relevant research to prepare antioxidant coatings with SiC ceramics and thus to improve the antioxidant capacity of carbon materials (Xin et al, 2010; Jian et al; Salman et al, 2015: DOI: 10.1007/s11771-010-0001-y. Zhao J., Gui W., Guo Q., Lang L., 2007, Microstructure and property of sic coating for carbon materials.
    keywords: carbon; ceramic; coating; composites; nano; oxidation; sic
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        item: #705 of 7527
          id: cet-10860
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-10860
        date: 2020-03-30
       words: 3030
      flesch: 50
     summary: The study aimed to evaluate the toxicity in saline artemia by hydroalcoholic extracts of leaves of medicinal plants of the Peruvian Amazon. Therefore, the objective of the study was to evaluate the toxicity in saline artemia by hydroalcoholic extracts of medicinal plants of the Peruvian Amazon.
    keywords: artemia; doi; extract; plants; salina; species; toxicity
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        item: #706 of 7527
          id: cet-10861
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-10861
        date: 2020-03-30
       words: 3841
      flesch: 50
     summary: The abovementioned studies point to the possibility of other mechanisms which could be employed by different pseudomonas strains for selenium reduction. In this study, aerobic batch reduction of 2 mM Se(IV) was carried out in two stages, that is, firstly in the presence of bacterial biomass for 1 h (in order to initiate the reaction) and secondly in the absence of biomass by use of the bacterial supernatant (cell-free extract), post biomass removal.
    keywords: biomass; cell; post; pseudomonas; reduction; removal; se(iv; selenite; selenium
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        item: #707 of 7527
          id: cet-10862
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-10862
        date: 2020-03-30
       words: 2305
      flesch: 55
     summary: Bus wash water is a complex mixture, which includes hydrocarbons, detergents, soaps, silicones and many other products used in automotive beautification (Hanmin Zhang, 2011); This generates two types of pollutants, which are dissolved solids and suspended solids (Bruce Rittman, 2001), the former are difficult to separate from water, but the latter can be separated by physical-chemical processes, such as coagulation, flocculation, sedimentation and filtration; To perform this work, aluminum polychloride (PAC) was chosen as coagulant, which has the ability to break the stability of suspended solids (Doka, G., Life, D., & Assessments, C., 2007), as those that generate turbidity and color in the water, and perform a complexing in floc's, and then make them precipitate in a settler (Hanmin Zhang, 2011); This process will be reviewed by testing pitchers; alternatively, an aeration of the water from a preliminary car wash treatment system is carried out; This water is passed to aeration tanks and the jug test is performed to determine if they can remove water contamination. 2. Materials and methods To carry out this work, we worked on two forms of water treatment, the first one is expressed in the following graphic.
    keywords: cod; entrance; exit; process; results; treatment; water
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        item: #708 of 7527
          id: cet-10863
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-10863
        date: 2020-03-30
       words: 2913
      flesch: 62
     summary: Pietrelli L., Ippolito N.M., Reverberi A.P., Vocciante M., 2019, Heavy metals removal and recovery from hazardous leather sludge, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 76, 1327–1332. It is clear that at higher Cr(VI) concentrations, more Cr(VI) is translocated to the leaves.
    keywords: cr(vi; figure; grass; leaves; ppm; removal; roots; vetiver
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        item: #709 of 7527
          id: cet-10864
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-10864
        date: 2020-03-30
       words: 4164
      flesch: 39
     summary: 3.3 Bio-slurry phase reactors performance The performance of bio-slurry phase reactors with respect to TPH degradation was evaluated estimating the substrate (TPH) degradation efficiency (ξa) as explained in Eq(1): Prasanna D., Venkata Mohan S., Purushotham Reddy B., Sarma P.N., 2008, Bioremediation of anthracene contaminated soil in bio-slurry phase reactor operated in periodic discontinuous batch mode, Journal of Hazardous Materials, 153, 244–251.
    keywords: antibiotic; concentration; ml-1; phase; reactors; results; sediments; slurry; tph; treatment
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        item: #710 of 7527
          id: cet-10865
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-10865
        date: 2020-03-30
       words: 4603
      flesch: 25
     summary: Microbial communities sustain a range of ecosystem services, including freshwater supply, carbon and nitrogen cycles, human health, bioenergy production, CO2 sequestration and bioremediation. The present review addresses higher-order properties of microbial communities, such as interspecies electron transfer and quorum sensing, highlighting some of the available applications and tools of MCE in the context of the WEFW nexus.
    keywords: bacteria; communities; energy; food; mce; microbial; microorganisms; nexus; present; production; species; systems; waste; water; wefw
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        item: #711 of 7527
          id: cet-10866
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-10866
        date: 2020-03-30
       words: 3309
      flesch: 39
     summary: Enzymatic monoliths presented a very good oxidation activity and were used for the degradation of tetracycline (TC) in aqueous solutions in a tubular plug reactor with recycling configuration. Enzymatic monoliths are interesting candidates to be applied in continuous flow through plug reactors.
    keywords: activity; concentration; degradation; enzymatic; laccase; monoliths; reaction
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        item: #712 of 7527
          id: cet-10867
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-10867
        date: 2020-03-30
       words: 3788
      flesch: 40
     summary: Organic nitrogen is the nitrogen of different organic compounds (amines, amides, imines, etc.) including albuminoidal nitrogen. TKN is defined as the sum of ammonia nitrogen and organic nitrogen, which are transformed into ammonium sulfate under the mineralization conditions adopted by the method: TKN=Organic N+Ammoniacal N (1)
    keywords: ammonia; bio; content; flask; liquid; nitrogen; organic; sample; solution
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        item: #713 of 7527
          id: cet-10868
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-10868
        date: 2020-03-30
       words: 2913
      flesch: 50
     summary: Other 0.39 3.3 Effect of reaction time in wax ester synthesis TA Instru a b 418 The decrease in the conversion rate with increasing water content may be attributed to the fact that a water may favor the backward hydrolysis reaction resulting in reduced ester conversion rate or it promote enzyme particles aggregation leading to increased diffusional limitation (Sarno et al., 2018b) Figure 4: Effect of reaction time on wax ester synthesis, catalyzed by immobilized CRL, using FFA from the WCO as substrate and cetyl alcohol.
    keywords: acid; esters; lipase; oil; reaction; synthesis; wax
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        item: #714 of 7527
          id: cet-10869
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-10869
        date: 2020-03-30
       words: 3089
      flesch: 51
     summary: The possibility for using autolyzed yeast extract from Saccharomyces cerevisiae as substrate and biosorpent in combination with Pb(II) removing microorganisms was investigated in the following study. 2.4 Experimental The Pb(II) stock solution and yeast extract medium were prepared and then autoclaved separately.
    keywords: extract; growth; lead; pb(ii; yeast
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        item: #715 of 7527
          id: cet-1087
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - CET--006.docx
        date: 2017-07-25
       words: 4010
      flesch: 40
     summary: As the TMC monomer concentration increased, the water flux of the composite membrane decreased gradually, but unlike MPD concentration on the influence of membrane water flux, the decrease trend of FO membrane water flux were approximate linearly with of concentration of TMC increase trend. As has been shown in the graph, similar experimental principles were found in the TMC and MPD monomer concentration on membrane water flux.
    keywords: concentration; flux; membrane; mpd; polymerization; reaction; reverse; temperature; water
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        item: #716 of 7527
          id: cet-10870
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-10870
        date: 2020-03-30
       words: 2736
      flesch: 44
     summary: Electrochemical sensors were applied to detect a variety of materials, such as heavy metals, DNA hybridization, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, polychlorinated biphenyls, pesticides, glucose and so on (Yogeswaran and Chen, 2008; Thiyagarajan et al., 2014; Sarno and Ponticorvo, 2019a; Sarno and Ponticorvo, 2019b). Fe3O4/G electrode showed excellent behavior as 4-NP sensor: high peak currents intensities, excellent linear ranges of detection (10-500 µM), low detection limit (0.004 mM) and favorable stability.
    keywords: detection; electrode; fe3o4; figure; graphene; sarno
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        item: #717 of 7527
          id: cet-10871
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-10871
        date: 2020-03-30
       words: 3368
      flesch: 48
     summary: Oil sludge which is an example of such waste has been categorized as hazardous because it is composed of asphaltenes, heavy metals and heavy hydrocarbons such as long-chain paraffins among others. Biosurfactants were applied to the batch reactors containing oil sludge in different concentrations of 7 g/L, 14 g/L, and 28 g/L.
    keywords: biosurfactants; growth; hydrocarbons; oil; sludge; water
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        item: #718 of 7527
          id: cet-10872
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-10872
        date: 2020-03-30
       words: 3318
      flesch: 52
     summary: Decreasing the pH from 6 to 4 did not impact sulphate reduction significantly as sulphate reduction was above 89 % at pH 4 (20 °C) for the duration of the experiment. Figure 1 shows the temperature effect on sulphate reduction at influent pH of 6 and HRT of 4.5 d. At 30 °C, sulphate reduction was maintained above 93 % for the duration of the experiment reaching 97.4 % at the end of the experiment.
    keywords: hrt; reduction; sulphate; sulphate reduction
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        item: #719 of 7527
          id: cet-10873
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-10873
        date: 2020-03-30
       words: 3660
      flesch: 43
     summary: Esa, F., Tasirin, S.M., Rahman, N.A., Overview of bacterial cellulose production and application, Agriculture and Agricultural Science Procedia, 2014, 2, 13 - 119. DOI: 10.1016/S0141-3910(97)00197-3. Jung, J.Y., Park, K., Chang, H.N., Bacterial cellulose production by Gluconacetobacter hansenii in an agitated culture without living non-cellulose producing cells, Enzyme and Microbial Technology, 2005, 37, 347-354.
    keywords: alternative; cellulose; csl; culture; doi; environmental; medium; production
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        item: #720 of 7527
          id: cet-10874
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-10874
        date: 2020-03-30
       words: 3123
      flesch: 43
     summary: Table 1: Mixtures formulated for motor oil removal from sand. According to (Silva et al., 2018), two mechanisms are associated with oil removal from soil: mobilization and solubilization.
    keywords: biosurfactant; candida; cmc; motor; oil; removal; sand; seawater; sphaerica
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        item: #721 of 7527
          id: cet-10875
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-10875
        date: 2020-03-30
       words: 3640
      flesch: 50
     summary: Determination of critical micelle concentration (CMC) To determine the CMC, 0.1 g of isolated biosurfactant was diluted to an initial concentration of 5 g/l, followed by successive dilutions with distilled water. Table 2: Phytotoxicity of isolated biosurfactant from C. guilliermondii grown in medium formulated with 5% molasses, 5% waste frying oil and 5% corn steep liquor to the seeds of three vegetable species Vegetable seeds Germination index Isolated biosurfactant at 0.35% Isolated biosurfactant at 0.7% Isolated biosurfactant at 1.4% Cabbage (Brassica oleracea)
    keywords: biosurfactant; cmc; medium; production; surface; tension; toxicity
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        item: #722 of 7527
          id: cet-10876
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-10876
        date: 2020-03-30
       words: 3016
      flesch: 42
     summary: Lòpez de Mishima B.A., Lescano D., Molina Holgado T., Mishima H.T., 1998, Electrochemical oxidation of ammonia in alkaline solutions: its application to an amperometric sensor, Electrochimica Acta, 43, 395- 404. .1 -9 0 p p m 466 Amperometric oxidation peaks were recorded at different ammonia concentrations and compared with the theoretical ones, see Table 2.
    keywords: ammonia; chemical; detection; mos2; nh3; oxidation; ptru; sarno; sensor
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        item: #723 of 7527
          id: cet-10877
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-10877
        date: 2020-03-30
       words: 4129
      flesch: 23
     summary: This approach can enable the application of microbial communities to actual-world problems by enhancing the natural attributes of microbial consortia. It has been suggested as a primary driving force of microbial evolution involving mobile genes migrating among different microbial groups, which encode functions such as new metabolic capabilities that are advantageous for microorganisms under certain conditions.
    keywords: cell; communities; community; consortia; engineering; figure; mce; microbial; microbiomes; population; species
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        item: #724 of 7527
          id: cet-10878
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-10878
        date: 2020-03-30
       words: 3296
      flesch: 37
     summary: Thus, the biosurfactant production by Candida gloebosa yeast is shown in Figure 1. 476 Figure 1: Biosurfactant production yield according with fermentation time and residual oil concentration In Figure 1, it can be observed that the beginning of biosurfactant production occurred after 36 h of fermentation and reached the maximum production in 72 h (4.01 ± 0.21 g.L-1) for 60 g.L-1 of residual oil. Faced with this, the present study aimed to evaluate some fermentative medium parameters in order to obtain ideal conditions for biosurfactant production using Candida gloebosa.
    keywords: biosurfactant; concentration; fermentation; g.l-1; medium; oil; production
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        item: #725 of 7527
          id: cet-10879
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-10879
        date: 2020-03-30
       words: 2967
      flesch: 48
     summary: This study analyses the flow of waste sludge from a slaughterhouse of chickens in the Bucaramanga metropolitan area, which slaughters sixty thousand chickens a day and has a wastewater treatment plant that operates with coagulation, flocculation, sedimentation and filtering using ferric chloride; According to the sludge flow, the bioreactor is designed and an operative simulation is made with the LabVIEW software, which allows to determine all the electronic control devices of the bioreactor, which will allow to maintain a constant temperature, a control on the income and expenses of the bioreactor and an operation very similar to reality, taking into account that this residual sludge has already been characterized and tested in a laboratory pilot reactor at the University of Santander. For this project a mechanism is needed, which can constantly receive waste sludge from the industrial wastewater treatment plant, for this the digester is composed of a fermentation tank, a temperature control system, a system of homogenization of the mixture (stirring), a pH control system, a waste outlet system and a biogas outlet system.
    keywords: anaerobic; biogas; bioreactor; digestion; energy; process; reactor; sludge; temperature; use
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        item: #726 of 7527
          id: cet-1088
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - CET--006.docx
        date: 2017-07-25
       words: 2621
      flesch: 52
     summary: Finally, the system realizes the real-time monitoring of indoor formaldehyde concentration. To realize the monitoring of indoor formaldehyde gas concentration, an automatic formaldehyde monitor is designed in this paper.
    keywords: air; concentration; data; figure; formaldehyde; indoor; sensor; system
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        item: #727 of 7527
          id: cet-10880
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 19Venkatesan.docx
        date: 2020-05-26
       words: 3417
      flesch: 51
     summary: The conversion of guaiacol was carried out over various ZY catalysts of different Si/Al ratios (5.1, 30, 60 and 80) with catalyst bed maintained at 500 °C. On comparison of the evolved products, it could be observed that the complete deoxygenated products i.e. aromatic hydrocarbons were produced over ZY catalysts of low Si/Al ratio.
    keywords: biomass; carbon; catalysts; conversion; furan; furfural; guaiacol; yield
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        item: #728 of 7527
          id: cet-10881
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 19Venkatesan.docx
        date: 2020-05-26
       words: 4093
      flesch: 56
     summary: The overall thermal requirements of hydrothermal plants (Ptot) were used to compute the respective molten salt flow rate ( ), assuming a heat exchanger efficiency (ηhx) equal to 90 %. Atlas, <https://globalsolaratlas.info/map?c=39.97712,23.686523,4> accessed 28.11.2019. ESTELA, 2016, Understanding the costs of solar thermal electricity plants, Rev. Bras.
    keywords: biomass; costs; energy; heat; htc; htl; hydrothermal; operating; plant
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        item: #729 of 7527
          id: cet-10882
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 19Venkatesan.docx
        date: 2020-05-26
       words: 3813
      flesch: 46
     summary: In this gasification concept, the energy required in the gasifier for biomass gasification is provided by the sensible heat of the circulating solids and by the reaction heat of the exothermic carbonation reaction CaO+CO2 → CaCO3. Heidenreich S., Foscolo P.U., 2015, New concepts in biomass gasification, Progress in Energy Combustion Science, 46, 72-95.
    keywords: biomass; cao; co2; gas; gasification; ratio; tar; temperature
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        item: #730 of 7527
          id: cet-10883
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 19Venkatesan.docx
        date: 2020-05-26
       words: 3316
      flesch: 40
     summary: A possible future solution to achieve a better agreement during the expansion phase is by employing different detailed mechanism for syngas combustion. Comparison of the engine performances resulting from the 0-1D simulation between the baseline condition with lateral spark, baseline condition with central spark and optimum condition achieved with central positioned spark.
    keywords: baseline; combustion; condition; engine; position; spark; syngas
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        item: #731 of 7527
          id: cet-10884
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 19Venkatesan.docx
        date: 2020-05-26
       words: 4180
      flesch: 51
     summary: If comparing our current numerical results with measured NOx emission levels from wood stoves, and the resulting TFN/Fuel-N degree, there is a gap, meaning that more of the fuel-N is seemingly converted to N2 in wood stove experiments. However, this is still too little to reach the experimentally measured values in non-staged and non-optimised staged air wood stove experiments.
    keywords: air; combustion; fuel; primary; reduction; tfn; wood
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        item: #732 of 7527
          id: cet-10885
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 19Venkatesan.docx
        date: 2020-05-26
       words: 3018
      flesch: 38
     summary: To this aim three different fungal strains were selected and tested for their bioremediation potential, i.e. Bjerkandera adusta, Arthrinium sp, and Pleurotus ostreatus. Laboratory tests gave an overall positive response on the effectiveness of wastewater treatment by Bjerkandera adusta and Arthrinium sp. thus demonstrating that these microorganisms are able to metabolize, and therefore remove, both aromatic molecules typical of tar produced in gasification processes, and esters of fatty acids constituting the biodiesel used for gas washing in the first stage.
    keywords: adusta; arthrinium; biological; gasification; phenol; replicates; wastewater
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        item: #733 of 7527
          id: cet-10886
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 19Venkatesan.docx
        date: 2020-05-26
       words: 3970
      flesch: 49
     summary: Miranda N.T., Motta I.L., Fernandes D.S., Dianin L.M., Maciel Filho R., Maciel M.R.W., 2018, Adaptation of a gasification pilot plant for sugarcane bagasse pyrolysis process, XXI Brazilian Congress of Chemical Engineering – COBEQ, Sao Paulo, Brazil (In Portuguese). Theoretically, pyrolysis gases would be considered as the rest of the products coming out of the process, but this cannot be asserted by the occurrence of two facts: a) some dense condensable gases were not condensed by the heat exchanger inefficiency; and b) there is bio-oil trapped in the pipes.
    keywords: air; bagasse; bed; bio; oil; pilot; plant; process; pyrolysis; rate; reactor
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        item: #734 of 7527
          id: cet-10887
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 19Venkatesan.docx
        date: 2020-05-26
       words: 3845
      flesch: 45
     summary: Please cite this article as: Miranda N.T., Maciel Filho R., Wolf Maciel M.R., 2020, Comparison of Complete Extractive and Azeotropic Distillation Processes for Anhydrous Ethanol Production Using Aspen Plus™ Simulator, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 80, 43-48 DOI:10.3303/CET2080008 43 azeotropic distillation processes are the most used in the industries to separate ethanol from water. Sprakel L.M.J., Kamphuis P., Nikolova A.L., Schuur B., 2018, Development of extractive distillation processes for close-boiling polar systems, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 69, 529–534. Vasconcelos C.J.G., 1999, Master’s Thesis, University of Campinas School of Chemical Engineering, Campinas, Brazil (In Portuguese).
    keywords: 1st; column; distillation; ethanol; extractive; processes; solvent; water
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        item: #735 of 7527
          id: cet-10888
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 19Venkatesan.docx
        date: 2020-05-26
       words: 3826
      flesch: 57
     summary: 3.2.3 FT-IR The FT-IR spectra of the bio-oil heavy phase produced from bio-oil heavy fraction and of its solvent additions: 15 wt. % of methanol, 15 wt. % of acetone, and 15 wt. The addition of a polar solvent affects bio-oil viscosity by three mechanisms: physical dilution, reactivity reduction (by molecular dilution or changes in microstructure), and chemical reactions between bio-oil components and the solvent, which prevent increased carbon chains (Xiu; Shahbazi, 2012).
    keywords: aging; bio; et al; fraction; hbo; oil; viscosity
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        item: #736 of 7527
          id: cet-10889
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 19Venkatesan.docx
        date: 2020-05-26
       words: 2988
      flesch: 50
     summary: Unfortunately, oxidative torrefaction is implemented only in laboratory set-ups, including fluidized bed reactors (Wang Z., et al., 2018). A state-of-the-art review of biomass torrefaction, densification and applications.
    keywords: apparatus; bed; biomass; minutes; oxidative; particles; reactor; torrefaction
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        item: #737 of 7527
          id: cet-1089
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - CET--006.docx
        date: 2017-07-25
       words: 3111
      flesch: 40
     summary: Sun Y., 2013, Sliding wear behaviour of surface mechanical attrition treated aisi 304 stainless steel. DOI: 10.1016/s0257-8972(03)00866-1. Arifvianto B., Suyitno, Mahardika M., 2012, Effects of surface mechanical attrition treatment (smat) on a rough surface of aisi 316l stainless steel.
    keywords: alloy; attrition; coating; electroless; electroless plating; plating; surface
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        item: #738 of 7527
          id: cet-10890
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 19Venkatesan.docx
        date: 2020-05-26
       words: 4130
      flesch: 41
     summary: To carry out the previous analysis, in this study, a multicriteria decision method (MACBETH) is applied, using criteria such as renewable origin, decomposition products, cost, availability and toxicity, which are considered to select the most appropriate family of organic compounds that act as hydrogen donor: alcohols, polyols, aldehydes, ketones, carboxylic acids, condensed aromatic homologs, amines and alkanes. Due to the obstacles that may arise in its availability, it is intended to test the use of hydrogen donors, mainly oxygenated compounds such as alcohols, aldehydes, ketones and carboxylic acids, presenting the additional advantage of reducing the level of decarboxylation during the hydrodeoxygenation process and the pressure required by the system, favoring conversion, yield and selectivity.
    keywords: acid; alcohols; diesel; donor; ethanol; formic; hydrogen; process; production
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        item: #739 of 7527
          id: cet-10891
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 19Venkatesan.docx
        date: 2020-05-26
       words: 3317
      flesch: 55
     summary: A publication of The Italian Association of Chemical Engineering Online at www.cetjournal.it Guest Editors: Eliseo Maria Ranzi, Rubens Maciel Filho Copyright © 2020, AIDIC Servizi S.r.l. ISBN 978-88-95608-78-5; ISSN 2283-9216 Biogas Production from Beverage Industry Wastes by Co- Digestion Fasai Wiwatwongwanaa, Ratree Suihirunb, Supawat Vivanpatarakijb,* aDepartment of Advanced Manufacturing Technology, Faculty of Engineering, Pathumwan Institute of Technology, 833 Rama 1 Road, Wangmai, Pathumwan, Bangkok 10330, Thailand bEnergy Research Institute, Chulalongkorn University, Phayathai Road, Pathumwan, Bangkok 10330, Thailand supawat.v@chula.ac.th This research investigated biogas production from Co-Digestion of beverage industry waste. Moreover, there have a study of efficiency of bio co-digestion from beverage industry waste (xW) and organic fertilizer raw material (OFM).
    keywords: beer; beverage; biogas; energy; fermentation; production; ratio; waste
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        item: #740 of 7527
          id: cet-10892
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 19Venkatesan.docx
        date: 2020-05-26
       words: 4787
      flesch: 55
     summary: The decrease of char yields with higher pyrolysis temperatures (900 °C) can be explained by the higher heating rates achieved, which favor the yields of gas and condensable vola- tiles, as well as by further char reactions that can happen at high temperatures. With respect to light condensable (LC) species, their yields were slightly increased by particle size and reduced by K content (slightly) and by high pyrolysis temperature (strongly).
    keywords: bw bw; particle; pyrolysis
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        item: #741 of 7527
          id: cet-10893
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 19Venkatesan.docx
        date: 2020-05-26
       words: 3000
      flesch: 51
     summary: Table 1: Products formed from trans-CA pyrolysis at 1023 K. Compound no. → · + (1) Styrene and cis-CA are the major products from trans-CA pyrolysis and hence the reactions leading to their formation will be of primary interest in subsequent analysis of the decomposition pathways.
    keywords: lignin; products; pyrolysis; radical; styrene; trans; van
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        item: #742 of 7527
          id: cet-10894
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 19Venkatesan.docx
        date: 2020-05-26
       words: 3753
      flesch: 52
     summary: Inayat, A. M., Ahmad, M.M, Yusup, S. and Mutalib, M.I.A., 2010, Biomass steam gasification with in-situ CO2 capture for enriched hydrogen gas production: a reaction kinetics modelling approach, Energies. Wang, Y., and Kinoshita, C., 1992, Experimental analysis of biomass gasification with steam and oxygen, Solar Energy, 49, 153-158.
    keywords: biomass; co2; gasification; gasifier; model; oxidation; reduction; zone
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        item: #743 of 7527
          id: cet-10895
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 19Venkatesan.docx
        date: 2020-05-26
       words: 3992
      flesch: 43
     summary: In interesterification reaction (equation 2) with MA the same composition of FAME as in transesterification with methanol (equation 1) have to be synthesised, but another by-product triacetine appears: TG + 3ROH ⇄ Interesterification reactions also proceeds during a short time (usually 60 min) and the reaction temperature in the case of FAME synthesis, is determined by the boiling point of methyl acetate (56.9 oC).
    keywords: biodiesel; content; fuel; interesterification; iso; methyl; reaction; thf; wt.%
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        item: #744 of 7527
          id: cet-10896
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 19Venkatesan.docx
        date: 2020-05-26
       words: 3760
      flesch: 46
     summary: The effect of initial acetic acid concentration on succinic acid production from biologically pretreated birchwood chip-soybean hull mixture using co-culture of Aspergillus niger, Phanerochaete chrysosporium, and Trichoderma reesei in a slurry fermentation set-up was investigated. Succinic acid is traditionally produced from petroleum products via partial hydrogenation of maleic anhydride (Cornils and Lappe, 2000), but efforts were made to successfully commercialize succinic acid production from the sustainable route of microbial fermentation (Song and Lee, 2006).
    keywords: acid; concentration; fermentation; fungal; niger; production; slurry; stage
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        item: #745 of 7527
          id: cet-10897
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 19Venkatesan.docx
        date: 2020-05-26
       words: 3585
      flesch: 49
     summary: It was also found to be valuable in monitoring the changes in the total protein, carbohydrate and lipid content (% w/w of total biomolecules) in Spirulina biomass during its growth. The reason may be due to the higher initial biomass concentration in Converti’s study (0.15 g L-1 compared to 0.05 g L-1 in this study), wherein there would be less photon dose per cell mass at higher biomass concentration.
    keywords: biomass; content; ftir; growth; intensity; light; protein; s-1; spirulina
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        item: #746 of 7527
          id: cet-10898
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 19Venkatesan.docx
        date: 2020-05-26
       words: 3873
      flesch: 51
     summary: The gas phase products from Lignin and Lignin K pyrolysis are richer in CO2 and H2, poorer in CO, whereas CH4 and C2 are only negligibly affected by both demineralization and KCl doping. Thermogravimetric analyses (TGA) of Lignin, Lignin D-HF and Lignin K were performed with a Perkin-Elmer STA6000 thermogravimetric analyzer under inert atmosphere (nitrogen) at 5 °C/min up to 900 °C.
    keywords: effect; ions; kcl; lignin; pyrolysis
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        item: #747 of 7527
          id: cet-10899
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 19Venkatesan.docx
        date: 2020-05-26
       words: 2900
      flesch: 55
     summary: The equation for the calculation of a mean size of liquid drops and a kind of a dimensional distribution function of the drops formed at a liquid dispersion in a regular-packed scrubber have been suggested in the present article. In the field of coarse drops there is the insignificant disagreement of the results.
    keywords: dispersion; distribution; drops; gas; liquid; packing; size
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        item: #748 of 7527
          id: cet-109
      author: TW
       title: cet-109
        date: 2017-10-04
       words: 3051
      flesch: 60
     summary: 350 3.2 The ultrastructure of wheat mesophyll cell at jointing stage At the jointing stage, in blank sample, the shape of chloroplasts in mesophyll cells was spherical, close to the cell wall, the arrangement of grana was along the longitudinal axis of chloroplasts (Figure 2a). 3.3 The ultrastructure of wheat mesophyll cell at low level of zinc at mature stage At this stage, in blank samples, the chloroplast in mesophyll cells of wheat was in the form of fusiform, close to the cell wall, the distribution of grana was along the long axis of chloroplast, and there appeared a small amount of starch grains and osmiophilic granules (Figure 3a).
    keywords: cell; chloroplast; figure; mesophyll; stage; stress; wall; wheat; zinc
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        item: #749 of 7527
          id: cet-1090
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - CET--006.docx
        date: 2017-07-25
       words: 3444
      flesch: 52
     summary: This paper not only enriches the research method of abrasive water jet cutting process, but also contributes to the precise control of abrasive water jet cutting process. However, because the AWJC is a microscopic high-speed process which can be influenced by many nonlinear parameters, traditional DOI: 10.3303/CET1759024 Please cite this article as: Songsheng Deng, Xiaochen Chen, Jinfa Guan, Zhili Chen, Ming Chen, Qiang Liu, 2017, Research on the effect of jet angle on pre-mixed abrasive water jet erosion process, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 59, 139-144 DOI:10.3303/CET1759024 139 experiment research methods present obvious limitations with the erosion process observation, so this erosion process and mechanism are still not clear up till now.
    keywords: abrasive; angle; crater; erosion; jet; method; process; simulation; water
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        item: #750 of 7527
          id: cet-10900
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 19Venkatesan.docx
        date: 2020-05-26
       words: 2979
      flesch: 64
     summary: Experimental critical property data are mostly only obtainable for molecules of sufficient thermal stability. In tables 2 and 3 the deviations of predicted properties from available experimental data of some alkenes and dienes are presented.
    keywords: alkenes; experimental; lydersen; properties
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        item: #751 of 7527
          id: cet-10901
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 19Venkatesan.docx
        date: 2020-05-26
       words: 3552
      flesch: 49
     summary: Increment of gasification temperature from 600 to 1000°C improves the syngas yield from 2.5 to 2.93 Nm 3/hr for raw wood waste and 2.81 to 3.14 Nm3/hr for torrefied wood waste due to the more dominant endothermic water-gas (C + H2O ↔ CO + H2) and Boudouard reactions (C + CO2 ↔ 2CO) at higher gasification temperature (Motta et al., 2018; Lahijani and Zainal, 2011). However higher CGE and CC are obtained for raw wood waste compare to torrefied wood waste indicating torrefied wood waste needs a longer conversion process compared to raw wood waste.
    keywords: carbon; gasification; syngas; temperature; waste; wood
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        item: #752 of 7527
          id: cet-10902
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 19Venkatesan.docx
        date: 2020-05-26
       words: 3675
      flesch: 48
     summary: In this study the residence time had a lower impact on weight loss than torrefaction temperature, but its effect was considerable higher at high torrefaction temperatures. A state-of-the-art review of biomass torrefaction, densification and applications.
    keywords: biomass; cellulose; energy; loss; residence; temperature; time; torrefaction; weight
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        item: #753 of 7527
          id: cet-10903
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 19Venkatesan.docx
        date: 2020-05-26
       words: 3321
      flesch: 50
     summary: Although considerable experimental research has been devoted to HMF production using biphasic reactors and lignocellulosic biomass as raw material, slightly less attention has been paid to the complete economic analysis of these alternatives. Unfortunately, there are limited experimental data that intends to hydrolyze the cellulose for HMF production.
    keywords: cost; fructose; glucose; hmf; hydroxymethylfurfural; production; raw; reactor; yield
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        item: #754 of 7527
          id: cet-10904
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 19Venkatesan.docx
        date: 2020-05-26
       words: 3965
      flesch: 45
     summary: Figure 1: Superstructure that combines the recent technologies described in the literature and considered in this study for levulinic acid production using lignocellulosic biomass as raw material. Figure 2 illustrates the optimized process flowsheet: Figure 2: Optimized process flowsheet for levulinic acid production.
    keywords: acid; biomass; conversion; et al; levulinic; liquid; pretreatment; process; production
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        item: #755 of 7527
          id: cet-10905
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 19Venkatesan.docx
        date: 2020-05-26
       words: 2528
      flesch: 37
     summary: Oxidation peaks are clearly visible, attributed to electrochemical oxidation of biomass or its oxidation products or active intermediates, mediated by •OH radicals leading to removal of an electron from the biopolymers or its active intermediates (Wang et al., 2015). The working electrode potential was then held constant for three hours, after which the solution was collected and analyzed via FT-IR (Vertex 70 apparatus (Bruker Corporation) by applying KBr technique) and UV-vis spectroscopy (Thermo-Scientific UV–vis Evolution Q60 spectrophotometer) to evaluate the modification of the biomass structure via electrochemical oxidation. 3.
    keywords: biomass; electrode; figure; hydrogen; oxidation; pt_mos2; sarno
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        item: #756 of 7527
          id: cet-10906
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 19Venkatesan.docx
        date: 2020-05-26
       words: 2541
      flesch: 45
     summary: High HMF conversion and electrode durability were demonstrated. Finding active and performing HMF reduction catalysts among electrochemically active catalysts, but weak H2 evolution promoting, is needed for obtaining high HMF reduction Faradaic efficiency (FE).
    keywords: conversion; electrode; figure; graphene; hmf; nanocomposite; sarno
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        item: #757 of 7527
          id: cet-10907
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 19Venkatesan.docx
        date: 2020-05-26
       words: 2832
      flesch: 54
     summary: The BESP (break-even electricity selling price) was calculated to be 10.45 ¢/kWh and Table 5 summarizes the plant cost worksheet of CHHP process in detail. This study will focus on the design, optimization, and techno-economic analysis of modern CHHP processes that combine SOFCs fueled by seaweed biogas and organic ranking cycles (ORCs).
    keywords: biogas; chhp; energy; fuel; heat; hydrogen; power; process; sofc
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        item: #758 of 7527
          id: cet-10908
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 19Venkatesan.docx
        date: 2020-05-26
       words: 3237
      flesch: 44
     summary: The present work extensively solidifies this assessment of hydrate phase equilibria by proposing the isofugacity and Gibbs energy minimization criteria coupled to the nonlinear programming for the calculation of phase equilibria in the formation of methane and carbon dioxide hydrates. However, a second methodological procedure concerning the Gibbs energy minimization has also been used, which allows the prediction of phase equilibria under more general situations, for example when not all phases are formed.
    keywords: chemical; equilibrium; h2o; hydrate; phase; water
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        item: #759 of 7527
          id: cet-10909
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 19Venkatesan.docx
        date: 2020-05-26
       words: 3111
      flesch: 46
     summary: Lee U., Dong J., Chung J.N., 2018, Experimental investigation of sewage sludge solid waste conversion to syngas using high temperature steam gasification, Energy Conversion and Management, 158, 430–436. Mastellone M.L., Zaccariello L., Santoro D., Arena U., 2012, The O2-enriched air gasification of coal, plastics and wood in a fluidized bed reactor, Waste Management, 32, 733–742. Nipattummakul N., Ahmed I., Kerdsuwan S., Gupta A.K., 2010, High temperature steam gasification of wastewater sludge, Applied Energy, 87, 3729–3734.
    keywords: bed; gasification; reactor; steam; syngas; tar; temperature
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        item: #760 of 7527
          id: cet-1091
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - CET--006.docx
        date: 2017-07-25
       words: 3438
      flesch: 33
     summary: 3. Hydrochemical Degradation of Pesticide Fungicide in Lake Environment Chemical degradation of pesticide fungicides is a chemical reaction process, pesticide molecules (RX) interact with water molecules, pesticide molecules leaving the group X fracture, and water covalent to form new groups. In this work, the common triazolone was used as an example to study the chemical behavior of pesticide water environment.
    keywords: chemical; degradation; doi; fungicides; hydrolysis; pesticide; photolysis; rate; reaction; water
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        item: #761 of 7527
          id: cet-10910
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 19Venkatesan.docx
        date: 2020-05-26
       words: 3816
      flesch: 43
     summary: Methanol production process from syngas is presented in Figure 1A while methanol production process from CO2 and H2 is presented in Figure 1B. S11 5 76 9 10824 12 13 2123 22 15 14 17 18 1920 Methanol Water Flue gases S6 S7 S5 S8 S9 S17S18 S10 S12 S13 S19 S14 S16 S15 S18 S20 1 3 2 Natural gas Water S2 S1 S3 S4 16 11 4 2 4 6 9 11 27 20 22 15 1 3 5 10 14 12 18 8 28 CO2 16 H2 21 13 19 23 Water 26 Air 24 Methanol 7 Flue Gases 17 S1 S2 S3 S4 S7 S5 S6 S12 S8 S10 S9 S11 S13 S14 S15 S16 A B Figure 1: A) Methanol production from syngas derived from NG (sub process for Case 1 and Case 2) B) Methanol production from CO2 & H2 derived from biomass (sub process for Case 3 and Case 4) NG, stream S1 is converted to syngas in the SR technology. Methanol production from CO2 and H2 is considered to be an interesting method for CO2 utilization.
    keywords: biodiesel; biomass; case; chemical; co2; column; methanol; method; production; reactor; unit
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        item: #762 of 7527
          id: cet-10911
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 19Venkatesan.docx
        date: 2020-05-26
       words: 3938
      flesch: 49
     summary: For flue gas dryers, the equivalence ratio (ER) played an essential role: higher ERs increased the O2 content in flue gas, reducing the gas higher heating value (HHV), and increasing the amount of flue gas required per unit of evaporated moisture (FG/EvapMoist). Although flue gas had an HHV lower than the steam latent heat, it presented higher production yields, resulting in lower bagasse combustion requirements in the CHP to provide enough drying agent per kg of dried biomass in flue gas dryers.
    keywords: bagasse; biomass; chp; dryers; drying; figure; flue; gas; steam
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        item: #763 of 7527
          id: cet-10912
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 19Venkatesan.docx
        date: 2020-05-26
       words: 2963
      flesch: 64
     summary: There are some experimental studies, such as Zhu et al. (1998), who measured adsorption isotherms of methane, ethane, propane and butane on silicalites-1. For the adsorption of alkanes, the flexibility or not of the structure does not influence the results related to adsorption isotherms (Vlugt and Schenk, 2002).
    keywords: adsorption; chem; data; equation; synthesis; zeolite
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        item: #764 of 7527
          id: cet-10913
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 19Venkatesan.docx
        date: 2020-05-26
       words: 3589
      flesch: 49
     summary: For what stated above, sludge hydrochars obtained at 190 °C after HCl treatment, due to their relatively high carbon content, higher than 35 wt% absence of bacteria (i.e. salmonella and Escherichia coli) and low heavy metals content could be used as mixed composted soil amendments. Recovery of P was carried out by HCl leaching of sludge hydrochars and subsequent precipitation of a phosphate rich precipitate by alkalinisation (pH=9) of the resulting leachate using a 5 M NaOH solution.
    keywords: content; htc; hydrochars; raw; recovery; sewage; sludge
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        item: #765 of 7527
          id: cet-10914
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 19Venkatesan.docx
        date: 2020-05-26
       words: 3248
      flesch: 50
     summary: The cause of an increase in combustion reactivity of coal sludge, when straw is added, is the catalytic effect of straw ash. To verify this assumption, a thermogravimetric analysis of a blend of coal sludge and straw ash in an air flow was carried out.
    keywords: ash; coal; combustion; sludge; straw; temperature
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        item: #766 of 7527
          id: cet-10915
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 19Venkatesan.docx
        date: 2020-05-26
       words: 3776
      flesch: 50
     summary: The Global Reaction Mechanism (GRM) corresponds to a stage of decomposition of biochar material and volatile material (both condensable and non-condensable), as shown in Figure 2. Figure 2: Pyrolysis reaction for In this scenario, humins are emerging as a potential material for the production of synthesis gas and commodities from pyrolysis processes.
    keywords: heating; hus; peak; process; pyrolysis; rate; reaction; region; temperature; values
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        item: #767 of 7527
          id: cet-10916
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 19Venkatesan.docx
        date: 2020-05-26
       words: 3960
      flesch: 49
     summary: The activation energy, EA, of the GLN → GLC reaction (EAGLN = 57.50 kJ/mol) is lower than the values reported in the literature, such as sugarcane bagasse reported by Girisuta et al. Consequently, the EA of the GLN conversion (EAGLN = 57.50 kJ/mol) was higher when compared to GLC decomposition reactions (EAGLC1 = 32.54 kJ/mol and EAGLC2 = 37.60 kJ/mol).
    keywords: acid; cellulose; glc; hmf; reaction; scb
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        item: #768 of 7527
          id: cet-10917
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 19Venkatesan.docx
        date: 2020-05-26
       words: 3702
      flesch: 26
     summary: In this scenario, LA production becomes even more relevant when considering its production from renewable raw materials, especially second-generation (2G) substrates, such as lignocellulosic biomass. Thus, LA production by fermentation of 2G-sugars can be associated with several existing biorefinery models, such as for biofuels and chemicals production.
    keywords: acid; acid production; coagulans; engineering; et al; fermentation; production
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        item: #769 of 7527
          id: cet-10918
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 19Venkatesan.docx
        date: 2020-05-26
       words: 3666
      flesch: 53
     summary: Tornado diagram of the difference between parameter values of 300 % (blue bar) or 33 % (red bar) of the base case and maximum lignin cost for the base case PUF PFR PFR PFR PFR PFR PFR PFR PFR PFR 232 Figure 3: Organosolv lignin case. Figure 2: Kraft lignin case.
    keywords: base; biorefinery; case; cost; lignin; optimization; pfr; price; process; production
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        item: #770 of 7527
          id: cet-10919
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 19Venkatesan.docx
        date: 2020-05-26
       words: 4131
      flesch: 44
     summary: Sample Ca K Mg Na Mn Si Al P Fe Fuel powder 1020 454 161 102 95.2 81.7 25.7 81.7 13.6 Table 3: Properties of collected fuel residues after entrained flow gasification Sample Residue from cooler #1 outlet Residue from cooler #2 inlet Residue from cooler #2 outlet Moisture (wt%, as received) 1.18 2.88 7.79 The reactions at high temperatures are mainly gasification of residual carbon and some release of remaining inorganic elements and volatile matter.
    keywords: carbon; cooler; fuel; gasification; outlet; particles; residues; temperature
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        item: #771 of 7527
          id: cet-1092
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - CET--006.docx
        date: 2017-07-25
       words: 2881
      flesch: 50
     summary: Conclusion This article mainly introduces the contents of the following 3 parts: effect of boric acid on the synthesis of γ- Ce2S3 red pigment and synthesis and characterization of green high temperature pigment as well as synthesis and characterization of blue pigment blue. In this paper we selected three systems were drilled blue (CoAl2O4) pigment, half red sulfide decorated r- Ce2S3 and green ZnO-CoO pigment, these three kinds of high temperature resistant pigments can be used not only in the color fluorescent powder coloring, and all of them have very wide application fields for example, the potential applications are printing ink, rubber, ceramics, glass, art and other fields.
    keywords: acid; blue; color; green; heating; pigment; synthesis; temperature
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        item: #772 of 7527
          id: cet-10920
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 19Venkatesan.docx
        date: 2020-05-26
       words: 4238
      flesch: 48
     summary: Metal catalysts are also recommended for reactions involving hydrogen as hydrogenation and hydrogen adsorption. The DCX reaction is favoured by metal catalysts, such as Co, Pd, Pt, Ni, Rh, Mo and Ru, where cobalt is the compound with the highest catalytic activity.
    keywords: catalyst; criterion; diesel; hydrogen; metals; process; production; selectivity
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        item: #773 of 7527
          id: cet-10921
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 19Venkatesan.docx
        date: 2020-05-26
       words: 3866
      flesch: 56
     summary: 2.3 Analysis of FAME and phorbol ester The concentration in phorbol esters in Jatropha oil and products was analyzed by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) (Prominence UFLC, Shimadzu) (Yu et al., 2016). The concentration of FAME in Jatropha oil and products was also analyzed by HPLC (Carvalhol et al., 2012).
    keywords: acetate; curcas; esters; fame; jatropha; methyl; oil; phorbol; reaction
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        item: #774 of 7527
          id: cet-10922
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 19Venkatesan.docx
        date: 2020-05-26
       words: 3156
      flesch: 45
     summary: The process was conceived by combining in a fluidized bed CO2 gasification and oxygen delivery from a suitable oxygen carrier in order to increase the carbon conversion to CO. The effect of OC during CO2 gasification was proved by comparing tests in CO2 and N2 atmosphere, the former generating a higher peak (around double) of CO by carbon gasification and partial oxidation.
    keywords: biomass; carrier; chemical; clg; co2; gasification; looping; oxygen; producer
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        item: #775 of 7527
          id: cet-10923
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 19Venkatesan.docx
        date: 2020-05-26
       words: 3219
      flesch: 52
     summary: In Figure 3 (b), a considerable raise of ethanol yield is achieved by using SSF, being sweet potato starch fermentations the ones with a larger increment, in comparison to SeqSF, achieving a very high percentage, but again, no significant differences were found between starches. 3. Results and discussion As previously mentioned, this study aimed to compare ethanol production using enzymatically hydrolyzed cassava, potato and sweet potato starches in order to determine the most appropriate Andean starch for sequential and simultaneous fermentation.
    keywords: bioethanol; cassava; ethanol; fermentation; potato; production; starch; starches; sugar; sweet
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        item: #776 of 7527
          id: cet-10924
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 19Venkatesan.docx
        date: 2020-05-26
       words: 2805
      flesch: 43
     summary: The experiments performed showed the ability of the hydrogel synthesized to reduce water content from biodiesel. They removed about 870 ppm of water content from biodiesel with initial water content of 2200 ppm.
    keywords: biodiesel; content; hydrogel; removal; swelling; water
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        item: #777 of 7527
          id: cet-10925
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 19Venkatesan.docx
        date: 2020-06-08
       words: 2507
      flesch: 53
     summary: Calorific value of Cavia Porcellus biomass biogas Having the data of percentages of methane and the higher calorific value (HCV), the calorific value of the biogas shown in Table 5 was calculated, using the following relationship: = % ∗ (5) 274 Table 5: Biogas calorific value Calorific value ( Kcal/m3)
    keywords: biogas; biomass; calorific; cavia; manure; pig; porcellus; sample; value
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        item: #778 of 7527
          id: cet-10926
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 19Venkatesan.docx
        date: 2020-05-26
       words: 3726
      flesch: 43
     summary: 2. Methodology 2.1 Definition of process reference scheme The Biofine process is a recent technology for the production of Levulinic acid. Energy demand of the plant and the separation efficiency are evaluated carrying out process simulations by the commercial software Aspen HYSYS V10.
    keywords: acid; analysis; biomass; costs; equipment; levulinic; process; production; safety; separation
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        item: #779 of 7527
          id: cet-10927
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 19Venkatesan.docx
        date: 2020-05-26
       words: 4155
      flesch: 52
     summary: The clones are later recovered and cultured on selected substrates to evaluate their catalytic potential using a variety of detection schemes (Armstrong et al., 2015; Mewis et al., 2013; Taupp et al., 2011). It has also been employed as an active ingredient in cosmetics, as an antimicrobial agent, as a therapeutic against chronic pain, overactive bladder and diabetes, and in weight loss pills (Fattori et al., 2016).
    keywords: capsaicin; chem; et al; lignin; products; synthesis; vanillin
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        item: #780 of 7527
          id: cet-10928
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 19Venkatesan.docx
        date: 2020-06-08
       words: 3627
      flesch: 33
     summary: However, most SMFSs are limited in type and number of process unit operations models and are restricted to continuous steady-state processes (Dimian et al., 2014). The procedures and issues are divided into cases that have to do with physical property interfacing and with unit model interfacing. 3.
    keywords: aspen; concentration; ethanol; glucose; kinetic; model; plus; process; rate; stoichiometric; unit
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        item: #781 of 7527
          id: cet-10929
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 19Venkatesan.docx
        date: 2020-05-26
       words: 3287
      flesch: 55
     summary: The types of flue gas treatment system considered are: - Without treatment; - Washing tower; - Bioscrubber. Biomass power plants emissions often represent a limit to the diffusion of these plants due to the lack of social acceptance (Giuliano et al., 2018b).
    keywords: biomass; chips; co2; emissions; flue; gas; treatment
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        item: #782 of 7527
          id: cet-1093
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - CET--006.docx
        date: 2017-07-25
       words: 3518
      flesch: 42
     summary: Formation process and coating corrosion resistance and semiconductor properties of oxide film were stedied through these curves, which provide a basis to further application of titanium oxide film. The chrono-amperometric curve, potentiodynamic polarization curve, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and Mott-Schottky curve of anodic oxide films were obtained using an electrochemical method in 3.5% NaCl solution.
    keywords: corrosion; curve; film; oxidation; oxide; oxide film; potential; resistance; ta2; titanium
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        item: #783 of 7527
          id: cet-10930
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 19Venkatesan.docx
        date: 2020-05-26
       words: 3224
      flesch: 45
     summary: The composition of the biodiesel analyzed by GC–MS suggested that grape seed oil biodiesel (see Table 2) was composed of: palmitic acid methyl ester, stearic acid methyl ester, oleic acid methyl ester, and linoleic acid methyl ester. Sarno M., Cirillo, C., Scudieri, C., Polichetti M., Ciambelli P., 2016, Electrochemical Applications of Magnetic Core-Shell Graphene-Coated FeCo Nanoparticles, Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Research, 55, 3157-3166 Xiong R., Lu C., Wang Y., Zhou Z., Zhang X., 2013, Nanofibrillated cellulose as the support and reductant for the facile synthesis of Fe3O4/Ag nanocomposites with catalytic and antibacterial activity, Journal of Materials Chemistry A, 1, 14910-14918 Yong Y., Bai Y., Li Y., Lin L., Cui Y., Xia C.,2008, Preparation and application of polymer-grafted magnetic nanoparticles for lipase immobilization, Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials, 320, 2350-2355.
    keywords: acid; biodiesel; grape; immobilization; lipase; oil
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        item: #784 of 7527
          id: cet-10931
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 19Venkatesan.docx
        date: 2020-05-26
       words: 3052
      flesch: 45
     summary: Figure 4: FT-IR spectra in the range of wavenumber 4000-500 cm-1 of nanoparticles synthesized (AgAu- Fe3O4@TA), nanoparticles after lipase immobilization (AgAu-Fe3O4@TA-TL), L-(+)-tartaric acid (Sigma Aldrich, TA) and Thermomices lanuginous lipase (Sigma Aldrich, TL). Sarno M., Iuliano M., 2019, Highly active and stable Fe3O4/Au nanoparticles supporting lipase catalyst for biodiesel production from waste tomato, Applied Surface Science, 474, 135-146.
    keywords: acid; enzyme; immobilization; immobilized; lipase; nanoparticles; sarno
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        item: #785 of 7527
          id: cet-10932
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 19Venkatesan.docx
        date: 2020-05-26
       words: 2949
      flesch: 52
     summary: FESEM images of sugarcane straw particles: (a) unextracted; (b) after Soxhlet extraction with hexane; (c) after scCO2 extraction without ultrasound and (d) after scCO2 extraction without assisted by ultrasound. Supercritical CO2 extraction of passion fruit (Passiflora edulis sp.)
    keywords: extraction; global; scco2; straw; sugarcane; temperature; ultrasound; yield
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        item: #786 of 7527
          id: cet-10933
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 19Venkatesan.docx
        date: 2020-05-26
       words: 2915
      flesch: 56
     summary: Considering a future escalation of palm kernel oil biodiesel production at the industrial level to incorporate into the Colombian aviation fuel market, several tests were carried out at the bench level of this process based on previous results obtained for the optimization of the biodiesel yield obtained. In this sense, a study of the production of biodiesel FAME from palm kernel by transesterification oil at bench scale was carried out using a batch reactor with the optimal value of the process conditions that were obtained in a previous work but at laboratory level.
    keywords: astm; aviation; biodiesel; fame; fuel; kernel; oil; palm; production
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        item: #787 of 7527
          id: cet-10934
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 19Venkatesan.docx
        date: 2020-05-26
       words: 3849
      flesch: 45
     summary: Therefore, this research aimed to fabricate gelatin blend with CMC scaffold by salt leaching technique. The gelatin scaffold fabricated by salt-leaching method showed that gelatin scaffold was biocompatible with cells and showed in good affinity and cell proliferation (Lee et al. 2003 and Lee et al. 2005 and Wiwatwongwana 2019).
    keywords: cmc; engineering; gelatin; leaching; modulus; salt; scaffold; skin; strain; tissue
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        item: #788 of 7527
          id: cet-10935
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 19Venkatesan.docx
        date: 2020-05-26
       words: 3409
      flesch: 48
     summary: The results showed that gelatin scaffold with 30% CMC (G73E) occurred the highest compressive modulus compared to pure gelatin scaffold (G100E). The results showed that gelatin scaffolds could be able to maintain cells with good DOI: 10.3303/CET2080056 Paper Received: 10 November 2019; Revised: 18 January 2020; Accepted: 14 April 2020
    keywords: cmc; edc; fem; figure; gelatin; modulus; scaffold; strain; stress
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        item: #789 of 7527
          id: cet-10936
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 19Venkatesan.docx
        date: 2020-05-26
       words: 3124
      flesch: 46
     summary: Figure 1: Chromatograms of bean samples. The methodology was satisfactory for identification and determination of nine from the eleven analyzed 341 organophosphates added to beans samples.
    keywords: concentrations; method; mg.kg-1; organophosphates; recovery; samples
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        item: #790 of 7527
          id: cet-10937
      author: Stephen Doliente
       title: cet-10937
        date: 2020-06-15
       words: 3202
      flesch: 51
     summary: The model can identify promising Jatropha value chains for sustainable and efficient production of energy, fuels and chemicals. Then a multi-objective spatio-temporal mixed integer linear programming model for Jatropha value chains was developed for the Philippines.
    keywords: jatropha; land; value; ℐ𝑚𝑦; ∈ ℍ; ∈ ℝ; ∈ ℤ; ∈ 𝔻; ∈ 𝕐; 𝑦 ∈
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        item: #791 of 7527
          id: cet-10938
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 19Venkatesan.docx
        date: 2020-05-26
       words: 3732
      flesch: 42
     summary: 2.4 Operational models of biogas plants between centralization and decentralization The operational model of biogas plant can be divided into two main systems including centralization and decentralization. These systems were considered for increasing the potential of biogas utilization from small- scale swine farms to biogas plant for electricity generation.
    keywords: biogas; centralization; electricity; energy; farms; plant; production; scale; swine
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        item: #792 of 7527
          id: cet-10939
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 19Venkatesan.docx
        date: 2020-05-26
       words: 3647
      flesch: 36
     summary: In biodiesel production process from microalgae, biomass harvesting performed with microfiltration and drying (MF-01 and DR-01) is responsible for 85 % of all , as many groups delineated (Khoo, Dasan, Lam, & Lee, 2019). Still, focusing on the rectors (operations powered by solar energy), the best performance is shown by the biodiesel production process, since the algae cultivation section is completely self-sustained by the solar irradiation.
    keywords: biodiesel; biomass; co2; efficiency; energy; methanol; microalgae; plant; power; process; production
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        item: #793 of 7527
          id: cet-1094
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - CET--006.docx
        date: 2017-07-25
       words: 3317
      flesch: 42
     summary: Table 1: The main components and content of N20 and their mass fractions Materials Fractions Mass/g Materials Fractions Mass/g DN401 100 0.500 DOP 10 0.050 ZNO 5 0.025 N774 66 0.330 SA 1 0.005 N550 20 0.100 2.3 Test method and performance testing Swelling test of isopropyl nitrate was carried out on N20, N30 and N40 rubber samples. Due to the similar polarity of NBR and isopropyl nitrate, when the former swelled in the latter, corrosion on rubber surface is inevitable, and the precipitated small molecules from the rubber also causes surface pits and holes.
    keywords: acrylonitrile; content; isopropyl; n20; nbr; nitrate; properties; rubber; swelling; tensile
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        item: #794 of 7527
          id: cet-10940
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 19Venkatesan.docx
        date: 2020-05-26
       words: 3623
      flesch: 48
     summary: • A higher percentage DBT removal is obtained at reduced amount of neem leaves powder adsorbent. From the result obtained in Figure 3, it could be deduced that DBT adsorption per unit mass of adsorbent increased as the initial concentration increased.
    keywords: adsorbent; adsorption; dbt; desulfurization; leaves; neem; powder; removal; sulfur; surface
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        item: #795 of 7527
          id: cet-10941
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 18Rizzo.docx
        date: 2020-06-01
       words: 3904
      flesch: 48
     summary: A first intervention is done by the logic of the control system, reading the value of pressure acquired by the sensor; if the control system fails to reduce plant pressure the HPRV, which is a spring-loaded valve set to open above the MAWP, will relief the plant pressure. Because of the very harsh process conditions, various challenges arose during the selection of the components: the processed fluid is mildly corrosive and therefore the use of stainless steel is needed, the high operation pressure in conjunction with moderately high temperature entails components with special material (especially for gaskets) and high pressure pumps capable of process solid suspensions are needed.
    keywords: bar; design; flow; heat; hydrothermal; piston; plant; pressure; process; reaction; system; temperature
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        item: #796 of 7527
          id: cet-10942
      author: None
       title: cet-10942
        date: 2020-08-12
       words: 3115
      flesch: 52
     summary: Contours of axial distribution of gas velocity (m/s) 3.2 Water vaporization in spouted bed This section mainly analyzes the temperature distributions of gas, liquid and particle, water vaporization rate distributions, and the factors that affect water vaporization rates such as gas velocity, liquid temperature and gas humidity in a 3D spouted bed. Distribution of gas velocity and water vaporization rate, 5b: Distribution of liquid temperature and water vaporization rate, 5c: Distribution of gas humidity and water vaporization rate Figure 5a shows the effect of gas velocity on the rate of water vaporization at a height of 0.03 m. The gas velocity decreases sharply along the radial distance and then maintains a relatively stable value in the annulus area, while the water vaporization rate increases sharply, then decreases sharply, and finally stays stable.
    keywords: area; bed; gas; particle; rate; temperature; vaporization; velocity; water; water vaporization
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        item: #797 of 7527
          id: cet-10943
      author: None
       title: cet-10943
        date: 2020-08-12
       words: 2772
      flesch: 58
     summary: Although many literatures have studied the HEN optimisation of coal gasification process, the three sub- processes are evaluated and optimised independently. 1. Introduction Syngas is an important intermediate product in the application of coal and produced through coal gasification.
    keywords: coal; emission; energy; gasification; process; shift; syngas
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        item: #798 of 7527
          id: cet-10944
      author: None
       title: cet-10944
        date: 2020-08-12
       words: 3877
      flesch: 48
     summary: Model Formulation 4.1 Formulation for inter-plant HEN synthesis The model formulation for inter-plant heat exchanger networks synthesis includes: total energy balances for process streams and intermediate circles, energy balance for each superstructure stage, energy balance for each match, energy balances for utilities at the stream end of the superstructure, energy balances for isothermal mixing, constraints for the existence of heat exchanger units and the temperature differences in heat transfer units, heat exchanger areas calculation and so on. References Li J.L., Du J., Zhao Z.C., Yao P.J., 2014, Structure and area optimization of flexible heat exchanger networks, Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research, 53(29), 11779-11793 Li J.L., Du J., Zhao Z.C., Yao P.J., 2015, An efficient method for flexibility analysis of large-scale nonconvex heat exchanger networks, Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research, 54(43), 10757–10767 Pintarič Z.N., Kravanja Z., 2008, Identification of critical points for the design and synthesis of flexible processes, Computers & Chemical Engineering, 32(7), 1603-1624 Swaney R.E., Grossmann I.E., 1985, An index for operational flexibility in chemical process design Part II: Computational algorithms, AIChE Journal, 31(4), 631-641 Bai Y.Y., Liu L.L., Gu S.W., Du J., 2017, Synthesis of flexible heat exchanger networks considering fouling resistance, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 61, 511-516 Chang C.L., Chen X.L., Wang Y.F., Feng X., 2017, Simultaneous optimization of multi-plant heat integration using intermediate fluid circles, Energy, 121, 306-317 Wang Y.F., Feng X., Chu K.H., 2014, Trade-off between energy and distance related costs for different connection patterns in heat integration across plants, Applied Thermal Engineering, 70, 857-866 Liu L.L., Wu C.H., Zhuang Y., Zhang L., Du J., 2020, Interplant heat integration method involving multiple intermediate fluid circles and agents: single-period and multiperiod designs, Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research, 59(10), 4698-4711.
    keywords: circles; exchanger; flexibility; heat; hen; network; plant; step; synthesis
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        item: #799 of 7527
          id: cet-10945
      author: None
       title: cet-10945
        date: 2020-08-12
       words: 4105
      flesch: 46
     summary: In this study, PAC was used to modify the structure of SA immobilization beads to improve the mass transfer and increase degradation effect of pyrene in soil. The optimum proportion of SA, CaCl2 and PAC were 2.5 %, 2 % and 0.5 % for immobilization SA beads.
    keywords: bacteria; beads; degradation; immobilization; mass; pac; pyrene; transfer
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        item: #800 of 7527
          id: cet-10946
      author: None
       title: cet-10946
        date: 2020-08-12
       words: 4348
      flesch: 42
     summary: As a result, aim to demonstrate the influence of the heating conditions on the total charging time induced by fins arrangement, three heating conditions are considered by porosity-enthalpy method. 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 1600 1800 2000 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0 1.1 Nodes=43620Nodes=11751 O v e ra ll l iq u id f ra c ti o n Charging time (s) Nodes number=5029 Nodes number=11751 Nodes number=43620 (a) Nodes=5029 27 mass of the PCM in the container is constant and the main objective of this work focuses on the influence of fin arrangement rather than the orientations on the charging time under various heating conditions.
    keywords: arrangement; charging; energy; fin; fins; heating; pcm; performance; time
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        item: #801 of 7527
          id: cet-10947
      author: None
       title: cet-10947
        date: 2020-08-12
       words: 3880
      flesch: 39
     summary: The generic material conversion matrices for POBC process input and output are defined as 𝑀𝐶𝑀𝑖,𝑝 and 𝑃𝑅𝐶𝑀𝑖,𝑝. For process failure scenarios, by-passing resource conversion indices 𝑀𝐶𝑀𝑖,𝑝 𝐵𝑌 and 𝑃𝑅𝐶𝑀𝑖,𝑝 𝐵𝑌 are considered to exclude the by-product production and utility consumption of failing process during calculation. The optimal results should provide insights for the POM owners on POM retrofit and rational budget distribution for POBC process maintenance and advancement.
    keywords: allocation; anchor; game; oil; optimisation; palm; pobc; process; processes; 𝑃𝑖𝑛𝑑𝑝 𝐵𝑌𝑃𝐴𝑆𝑆; 𝑃𝑖𝑛𝑑𝑝 𝑅𝐸𝐿𝐴𝑇𝐸
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        item: #802 of 7527
          id: cet-10948
      author: None
       title: cet-10948
        date: 2020-08-12
       words: 3280
      flesch: 51
     summary: = EYR ESI ELR (6) 39 2.2.2 Emergy data of IGCC power generation systems Table 2 is the emergy data of the IGCC and IGCC-100 % CCS power generation systems, in which the investment costs refer to the economic analysis of the IGCC power generation system by Skone and James (2010) for the system studied by (Black, 2010) and other data come from Black (2010). 5.05 4.78 4.69 4.62 4.56 ELR 1.00 1.52 1.51 1.50 1.48 ESI 5.06 3.15 3.10 3.08 3.08 Figure 4: Sustainability index of IGCC power systems with different CCS scale changing with CO2 tax Figure 4 shows the sustainability index of the IGCC-CCS power generation system changing with CO2 tax.
    keywords: ccs; coal; emergy; generation; igcc; igcc power; power; power generation; system
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        item: #803 of 7527
          id: cet-10949
      author: None
       title: cet-10949
        date: 2020-08-12
       words: 3536
      flesch: 46
     summary: 3.4 Model for the solar-assisted CHP system considering energy storage When energy storage system is considered, the energy storage cost should be added into the CAPC. Compared to the systems driven solely by solar energy, the synergy of solar energy and fossil fuels can not only improve the thermal efficiency of the entire system, but also improve the ability to resist the output fluctuations caused by the intermittent nature of solar energy.
    keywords: energy; power; receiver; solar; steam; storage; structure; system
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        item: #804 of 7527
          id: cet-1095
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - CET--006.docx
        date: 2017-07-25
       words: 3228
      flesch: 48
     summary: XRD diffractometer and transmission electron microscopy are applied to analyze the grain size, the micro-hardness and the micro-structure of Zr-4 alloy at different annealing temperatures. Meanwhile, a X- ray stress gauge is adopted to measure the stress properties of Zr-4 alloy.
    keywords: alloy; annealing; doi; figure; grain; smat; stress; surface; time; treatment
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        item: #805 of 7527
          id: cet-10950
      author: None
       title: cet-10950
        date: 2020-08-12
       words: 4480
      flesch: 68
     summary:      = +  , , ,l I k K t T FW FLIW fKW h (19) , , , , , , , , , ,       = +     
    keywords: j t; k k; k t; l j; t l; t p; t s; t t;  
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        item: #806 of 7527
          id: cet-10951
      author: None
       title: cet-10951
        date: 2020-08-12
       words: 4395
      flesch: 55
     summary: Liquid air energy storage (LAES) achieves good round-trip efficiencies by using hot and cold energy storages for heat transfer between the charging and discharging operations. Among various energy storage technologies, liquid air energy storage (LAES), which can also be called cryogenic energy storage (CES), has outstanding performance compared to other technologies.
    keywords: air; cold; efficiency; energy; heat; laes; liquid; mcfc; process; storage; trip
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        item: #807 of 7527
          id: cet-10952
      author: None
       title: cet-10952
        date: 2020-08-12
       words: 3478
      flesch: 58
     summary: Figure 1: Optimal products portfolio of the supply chain for dairy products production The profit is 49,962.867 BGN. G. Bontchev, Str., Bl. 103, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria e.kirilova@iche.bas.bg This study proposes a deterministic optimization approach for products portfolio design of a Sustainable Supply Chain (SSC) comprising suppliers, plants and markets for production of dairy products using different recipes.
    keywords: co2; dairies; materials; milk; production; products
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        item: #808 of 7527
          id: cet-10953
      author: None
       title: cet-10953
        date: 2020-08-12
       words: 3318
      flesch: 42
     summary: Kirubakaran M., Arul Mozhi Selvan V., 2018, A comprehensive review of low cost biodiesel production from waste chicken fat, Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 82(1), 390–401. G. Bontchev, Str., Bl. 103, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria e.kirilova@iche.bas.bg This study proposes an optimization model for strategic design of a sustainable Integrated Biodiesel/diesel Supply Chain (IBSC) using 1st & 2nd generations (1G & 2G) bioresources for biodiesel production such as sunflower and rapeseed; and waste cooking oil (WCO) and animal fats.
    keywords: biodiesel; costs; design; emissions; function; ibsc; objective; production; total
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        item: #809 of 7527
          id: cet-10954
      author: None
       title: cet-10954
        date: 2020-08-12
       words: 3066
      flesch: 48
     summary: Findings so far have been firstly that horizontal axis wind turbines are the most suitable for offshore installation; secondly that a direct current microgrid appears suitable for linking to the onshore electricity supply network; thirdly, many coastal sites can be ruled out because generating capacity is too low or because site factors preclude installation; and fourthly there are some sites where simulation results indicate good potential for offshore wind energy and other site factors do not preclude development. The use of offshore wind energy commenced in 1990s, and its potential has been estimated as greater than onshore (Esteban et al., 2011).
    keywords: energy; new; power; sites; speed; table; turbine; wind; zealand
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        item: #810 of 7527
          id: cet-10955
      author: None
       title: cet-10955
        date: 2020-08-12
       words: 3318
      flesch: 39
     summary: Salem R., Bahadori-Jahromi A., Mylona A., Godfrey P., Cook D., 2020, Energy performance and cost analysis for the nZEB retrofit of a typical UK hotel. Due to economic restrictions and feasibility concerns, energy retrofit strategies must be designed and planned well to achieve the long-term goals of a building.
    keywords: building; cost; criteria; decision; energy; life; model; performance; retrofit; strategies; technical
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        item: #811 of 7527
          id: cet-10956
      author: None
       title: cet-10956
        date: 2020-08-12
       words: 2871
      flesch: 47
     summary: The fermentation control strategies review (Mears et al., 2017) summarizes the benefits and requirements of the open loop control, and different advanced control strategies as adaptive control, model predictive control, fuzzy control, artificial neural network-based control, probing control and statistical process control. Simulation results confirmed the applicability of fuzzy control to maintain product yield and ensure energy savings when a strongly non-linear process with uncertainties is controlled.
    keywords: control; controller; fermentation; figure; logic; pid; process; reactor; type-2; yeast
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        item: #812 of 7527
          id: cet-10957
      author: None
       title: cet-10957
        date: 2020-08-12
       words: 3801
      flesch: 38
     summary: Khalid A., Aslam M., Qyyum M. A., Faisal A., 2019, Membrane separation process for dehydration of bioethanol from ferm entation broths: Recent developments, challenges, and prospects, Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 105, 427-443. In this paper, on the basis of the previous research, the comprehensive solution strategy of distillation- membrane separation for industrial azeotropic system separation is further studied to meet the separation requirements of different azeotropic systems (Wang et al., 2008).
    keywords: chemical; distillation; integration; membrane; membrane separation; modification; node; process; separation
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        item: #813 of 7527
          id: cet-10958
      author: None
       title: cet-10958
        date: 2020-08-12
       words: 3402
      flesch: 43
     summary: Given the different access to renewable energy, utilization, and storage options, CO2 emissions reduction would exhibit very different economics depending on the location. Introduction The rising concentrations of CO2 in the atmosphere and the associated consequences on the environment through global warming have driven global scientific and political efforts to reduce CO2 emissions.
    keywords: carbon; co2; cost; emissions; energy; japan; power; qatar; reduction; sources
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        item: #814 of 7527
          id: cet-10959
      author: None
       title: cet-10959
        date: 2020-08-12
       words: 2916
      flesch: 50
     summary: Combined experiment results with energy consumption, the optimal operating conditions were determined as follows: the voltage is 14 V, pH = 5, aeration rate is 50 L/h, electrolyte concentration is 0.15 mol/L and the electrolysis time is 120 min. COD degradation reaches 88 % under this experiment condition. Potassium hydrogen phthalate was used as a solute and deionized water as a solvent to prepare solutions with COD concentrations of 0, 10, 50, 100 and 150 mg/L.
    keywords: aeration; cod; concentration; degradation; electrolysis; time; voltage; wastewater
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        item: #815 of 7527
          id: cet-1096
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - CET--006.docx
        date: 2017-07-25
       words: 3905
      flesch: 43
     summary: Su W., Lu P., Ma J.Y., Wang M., Chang G.Q., Tong Z.S., Song C.Y., 2016, Research on the technology and mechanism of flue gas oxidation denitrification based on h2o2/uv system, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 55, 109-114, DOI: 10.3303/CET1655019. DOI: 10.3303/CET1759030 Please cite this article as: Hailiang Wang, Zhensong Tong, Yupan Yun, 2017, Research progress in flue gas denitrification technology based on oxidation theory, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 59, 175-180 DOI:10.3303/CET1759030 175 2.
    keywords: denitrification; flue; flue gas; gas; oxidation; phase; reaction; technology; temperature
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        item: #816 of 7527
          id: cet-10960
      author: None
       title: cet-10960
        date: 2020-08-12
       words: 3532
      flesch: 46
     summary: In this paper, a calculation model is established based on thermodynamic mechanisms of membrane separation process to simulate the performance of ceramic membrane modules under different structure configuration and working conditions. Current experimental studies couldn’t provide enough experience to explore the performance of membrane modules in a wide range of working conditions and structure configuration.
    keywords: flue; gas; heat; membrane; module; recovery; tube; vapour; water
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        item: #817 of 7527
          id: cet-10961
      author: None
       title: cet-10961
        date: 2020-08-12
       words: 4258
      flesch: 46
     summary: Gebrehiwot K., Hossain Mondal M. A., Ringler C., Gebremeskel A. G., 2019, Optimization and cost-benefit assessment of hybrid power systems for off-grid rural electrification in Ethiopia, Energy, 177, 234-246 Haghighat Mamaghani A., Avella Escandon S. A., Najafi B., Shirazi A., Rinaldi F., 2016, Techno-economic feasibility of photovoltaic, wind, diesel and hybrid electrification systems for off-grid rural electrification in Colombia, Renewable Energy, 97, 293-305. To tackle these aforementioned challenges, hybrid renewable energy system (HRES) which combines different renewable resources together with batteries or a generator can provide reliable and cost-effective power supply for communities far from the grid (Odou et al., 2020).
    keywords: cost; energy; grid; hybrid; load; power; system; village; wind
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        item: #818 of 7527
          id: cet-10962
      author: None
       title: cet-10962
        date: 2020-08-12
       words: 2761
      flesch: 61
     summary: Greco C.S., Paolillo G., Ianiro A., Cardone G., Luca L., 2018, Effects of the stroke length and nozzle-to-plate distance on synthetic jet impingement heat transfer, International Journal of Heat & Mass Transfer, 117, 1019-1031. (2015) compared the enhancement effects of steady jet and synthetic jet and reported that synthetic jet had higher efficiency of heat transfer.
    keywords: area; cooling; heat; jet; temperature; transfer
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        item: #819 of 7527
          id: cet-10963
      author: None
       title: cet-10963
        date: 2020-08-12
       words: 3783
      flesch: 55
     summary: Similar to HEN design problems, both graphical and mathematical optimization approaches have been under development for WHEN design. Similar to HEN design problems, both graphical and mathematical optimization approaches have been under development for WHEN design.
    keywords: design; heat; mpa
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        item: #820 of 7527
          id: cet-10964
      author: None
       title: cet-10964
        date: 2020-08-12
       words: 3038
      flesch: 45
     summary: At 50 ~ 70 L/h, COD degradation rate has little change. There are various conventional methods used to treat methyl blue dye wastewater including biochemical method (Cui et al., 2016), photocatalytic method (Han et al., 2009), electrolytic method (Liu et al., 2020), hydrogel method (Chirag et al., 2020), adsorption method (Luo et al., 2019) and Novel bio-electro-Fenton Technology (Li et al., 2017).
    keywords: blue; cod; degradation; dye; methyl; rate; treatment; wastewater
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        item: #821 of 7527
          id: cet-10965
      author: None
       title: cet-10965
        date: 2020-08-12
       words: 3927
      flesch: 46
     summary: This technology might be promising as a useful tool for similar MA synthesis reaction of other organic compounds and industrial drugs. Based on the above considerations, this paper optimizes the process parameters of semi-batch MA synthesis and takes this as the control group.
    keywords: methanol; process; production; purity; reaction; synthesis; temperature; yield
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        item: #822 of 7527
          id: cet-10966
      author: None
       title: cet-10966
        date: 2020-08-12
       words: 3972
      flesch: 55
     summary: The calculation for designing multiple contaminant water networks can be fast with Mathematical Programming. Realising the research gap, the main novelties in this work include: (i) Developing a graphical targeting procedure for multi-contaminant water network through rigorous analysis.
    keywords: contaminant; freshwater; sink; sk1; source; sr2; target; water; 𝐹𝑆𝐾1
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        item: #823 of 7527
          id: cet-10967
      author: None
       title: cet-10967
        date: 2020-08-12
       words: 3689
      flesch: 49
     summary: It can be seen that up to now, the comparison of energy-saving effect between absorption heat pumps and absorption refrigeration cycles in low-temperature waste heat recovery has not been reported. This paper establishes the models of absorption heat pumps and absorption refrigeration cycles by Aspen PLUS in section 2, and selects three analysis methods in section 3.
    keywords: absorption; cycle; heat; pump; refrigeration; temperature; waste; waste heat
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        item: #824 of 7527
          id: cet-10968
      author: None
       title: cet-10968
        date: 2020-08-12
       words: 3149
      flesch: 50
     summary: I N N x , Then dk is calculated by the followong formula:  = − +  = { 0 0 0 0 (|| || ) 0 T k k k T k k T k k k k k d N N k d Q d e g N N d (4) ek is identity matrix, gk=gi(xk+dk0), i∈Ik. 158 2.3 Using L-BFGS to replace Hessian matrix For the second derivative matrix used in the solution, the finite difference method is usually used to approximate the value of the function corresponding to the discrete values of the variables. m m T k k k k k f x d f x f x d (9) Combining them,seeking dk, is the following:         +  +
    keywords: algorithm; chemical; k k; method; optimization; process; sqp; t k
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        item: #825 of 7527
          id: cet-10969
      author: None
       title: cet-10969
        date: 2020-08-12
       words: 2857
      flesch: 36
     summary: 2.3 Batch experiments Batch experiments were performed for nitrate removal using four affecting factors including initial solution pH from 2 to 12 which were adjusted by using 0.1 M NaOH and 0.1 M HCl solutions, initial nitrate concentration (6 mg/L to 40 mg/L), adsorbent dose (2 g/L to 3 g/L) and contact time (5 min to 180 min). Optimization of nitrate removal was performed using CCD method as the optimum nitrate removal 91.62 % was achieved at pH of 7, initial nitrate concentration of 6 mg/L, adsorbent dose of 3 g/L and at a contact time of 180 min. References Hwang Y.H., Kim D.G., Shin H.S., 2011, Mechanism study of nitrate reduction by nano zero valent iron, Journal of Hazardous Materials, 185(2–3), 1513–1521.
    keywords: adsorbent; concentration; dose; nitrate; nzvi; removal
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        item: #826 of 7527
          id: cet-1097
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - CET--006.docx
        date: 2017-07-25
       words: 2973
      flesch: 40
     summary: The currently reported strains focus on its ability to detect the ability of degrading formaldehyde wastewater (Ou et DOI: 10.3303/CET1759031 Please cite this article as: Ziyuan Li, Haiyun Li, Huixiang Zhang, Xiuli Wang, Liangmao Wei, 2017, The conditions optimization of separation screening and degradation for formaldehyde degrading bacteria in soil, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 59, 181-186 DOI:10.3303/CET1759031 181 al., 2008; Wang et al., 2007). (2) Preliminary screening of formaldehyde degrading bacteria The 0.1ml soil supernatant was uniformly applied to the formaldehyde mediums which contain 0.1ml, 0.08ml, 0.06ml, 0.04 ml and 0.02 ml formaldehyde respectively, and placed inverted in a biochemical incubator at 30°C to cultivate.
    keywords: absorbance; bacteria; degradation; figure; formaldehyde; inoculation; liquid; medium
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        item: #827 of 7527
          id: cet-10970
      author: None
       title: cet-10970
        date: 2020-08-12
       words: 3675
      flesch: 53
     summary: This approach allows the ultrafine crystalline metal oxides from their inorganic salts to be obtained (Lee et al., 2020), and does not require additional calcination. %100 0 0  − = C CC X (1) X C C Y i i   = (2) where X – substrate conversion, wt. %; C0 – initial substrate concentration, mol/L; C – current substrate concentration, mol/L; Y – product yield, wt. %; Ci – product concentration, mol/L. 3.
    keywords: bio; catalysts; composition; conversion; mn-270; oil; processing; solvent
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        item: #828 of 7527
          id: cet-10971
      author: None
       title: cet-10971
        date: 2020-08-12
       words: 3389
      flesch: 60
     summary: Morris et al. (2016) studied the flow and heat transfer performance of hexagonal tube by numerical simulation and the results showed that heat transfer is related to the solid concentration and particle size near the heat transfer surface. For vertical tubes and parallel plates, Hunt (1997) studied the effects of shear and particle mixing on the heat transfer coefficient of particle flow in vertical channels and found that the particle density near the wall is very important for heat transfer.
    keywords: fin; flow; heat; particle; pfpheu; pin; temperature; transfer
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        item: #829 of 7527
          id: cet-10972
      author: None
       title: cet-10972
        date: 2020-08-12
       words: 3429
      flesch: 49
     summary: Li F., Sun B., Zhang C., Zhang L., 2018, Operation optimization for combined cooling, heating, and power system with condensation heat recovery, Apply Energy, 230, 305-316. The part of recovered heat of power generator used to drive the absorption chiller (Qhre,ab (t) in Eq(10) can be expressed in Eq(13).
    keywords: absorption; cchp; chiller; cooling; energy; heat; power; system; unit; water
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        item: #830 of 7527
          id: cet-10973
      author: None
       title: cet-10973
        date: 2020-08-12
       words: 2922
      flesch: 59
     summary: References Ding S., Zheng W.X., Sun J., Wang J., 2018, Second-order sliding-mode controller design and its implementation for buck converters, in IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics, 14(5), 1990-2000 Matwankar C. S., Alam A., 2019, Solar powered closed-loop current controlled DC-DC Buck Converter for Battery Charging Application, 2019 International Conference on Vision Towards Emerging Trends in Communication and Networking (ViTECoN), Vellore, India, 1-5 Na W., Lee H., 2011, Sliding mode control design of current fed full bridge DC to DC converter for fuel cell applications, 2011 IEEE Power and Energy Conference at Illinois, Champaign, America, 1-4 Naik B. B., Mehta A. J., 2017, Sliding mode controller with modified sliding function for DC-DC Buck Converter, ISA transactions,70, DOI: 10.1109/MSMC.2017.2663559 Pandey S. K., 2016, Disturbance observer based sliding mode control for DC-DC power converters, IECON 2016 - 42nd Annual Conference of the IEEE Industrial Electronics Society, Florence, Italy, 3366-3371 Sachin C. S., Nayak S. G., 2017, Design and simulation for sliding mode control in DC-DC boost converter, 2017 2nd International Conference on Communication and Electronics Systems (ICCES), Coimbatore, India, 440- 445 Tan S. C., Lai Y. M., Tse C. K., 2006, A unified approach to the design of PWM-based sliding-mode voltage controllers for basic DC-DC converters in continuous conduction mode, in IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems, 53(8), 1816-1827, DOI: 10.1109/TCSI.2006.879052. The converter realizes soft switching of the switch tube under sliding mode control.
    keywords: control; converter; mode; system; voltage
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        item: #831 of 7527
          id: cet-10974
      author: None
       title: cet-10974
        date: 2020-08-12
       words: 2960
      flesch: 51
     summary: LDH clays in particular have been shown to possess properties which are favourable for adsorption of several pollutants in aqueous solutions. LDH clays can be synthesised through relatively low cost processes such as co-precipitation, regeneration, hydrothermal crystallisation urea hydrolysis and sol-gel methods.
    keywords: adsorption; clays; dht-4a; gf-450; ldh; phenol; sorbacid; water
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        item: #832 of 7527
          id: cet-10975
      author: None
       title: cet-10975
        date: 2020-08-12
       words: 3075
      flesch: 39
     summary: However, conventional practice of wastewater treatment integrated with anaerobic digesters is energy intensive and wasteful of nutrients (Garcia et al., 2017). These waste biomass resources, if properly recovered, would offset energy use and significantly reduce the environmental impacts induced by wastewater treatment (Yue et al., 2014).
    keywords: design; energy; process; pyrolysis; reference; sludge; treatment; wastewater
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        item: #833 of 7527
          id: cet-10976
      author: None
       title: cet-10976
        date: 2020-08-12
       words: 4778
      flesch: 47
     summary: Recently, a number of research works have been published on the topic of heat storage units with LHTES. Even though sensible heat storage materials such as pebbles can be employed, latent heat thermal energy storage (LHTES) turns out to be more efficient.
    keywords: air; csms; energy; heat; heat storage; model; optimization; pcm; storage; temperature; unit
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        item: #834 of 7527
          id: cet-10977
      author: None
       title: cet-10977
        date: 2020-08-12
       words: 3323
      flesch: 50
     summary: Solar air collectors (SAC), which convert solar radiation into heat and transfer it to the air, represent a way how to use solar energy for space heating in buildings. A computer model of a front and back pass solar air collector with a PCM-based absorber was developed and validated against experimental data.
    keywords: air; collector; energy; heat; pcm; plate; sac; solar; temperature
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        item: #835 of 7527
          id: cet-10978
      author: None
       title: cet-10978
        date: 2020-08-12
       words: 3562
      flesch: 60
     summary: H2 Pinch is an extension of Pinch Analysis for Heat Integration. The development of H2 Pinch provides an important theoretical and practical basis for H2 Network optimisation.
    keywords: energy; heat; hot; integration; network; pinch; process; site; targeting
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        item: #836 of 7527
          id: cet-10979
      author: None
       title: cet-10979
        date: 2020-08-12
       words: 3627
      flesch: 48
     summary: The effect of PS concentration (50 - 300 mM), NaOH concentration (0 - 0.5 M), DOI: 10.3303/CET2081038 Paper Received: 17/03/2020; Revised: 10/04/2020; Accepted: 13/04/2020 Please cite this article as: He Y., Cui M., Su R., Liu Z., Zhang J., Huang R., 2020, The Co-Activation of Persulfate with Tannic Acid and Sodium Hydroxide for the Degradation of p-Chlorophenol, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 81, 223-228 DOI:10.3303/CET2081038 223 TA concentration (0 - 500 mg/L), and reaction temperature (20 - 40 oC) on the degradation of p-chlorophenol were investigated. The reaction conditions, including PS concentrations (50-300 mM), NaOH concentrations (0 - 0.5 M), TA concentrations (0 - 500 mg/L), and reaction temperature (20-40 oC), were investigated in order to maximize the degradation efficiency.
    keywords: degradation; naoh; persulfate
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        item: #837 of 7527
          id: cet-1098
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - CET--006.docx
        date: 2017-07-25
       words: 3257
      flesch: 57
     summary: The effect of dyeing time on fiber dyeing rate obeys a certain law. Next, through the method of controlling variables, control different factors (temperature, type of mordant, dosage of mordant, PH value, dyeing time, and the soaking time before dyeing), carry out related dyeing and test the relevant data (dye-uptake, fixation rate, dyeing rate and fastness to washing) on this basis.
    keywords: bamboo; curcuma; dyeing; fiber; pulp; rate; time
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        item: #838 of 7527
          id: cet-10980
      author: None
       title: cet-10980
        date: 2020-08-12
       words: 2997
      flesch: 48
     summary: Through the comparison between the simulation results of that simplified model and the experiment results, effectiveness and authenticity of proposed model were proved within a certain range of oxygen content, and can be applied in oxygen content control system. Figure 1: Oxygen content control system of the bell furnace The flow of nitrogen is denoted as QN, and flow of air as QAir, the total intake flow can be calculated as: AirNin QQQ
    keywords: bell; bell furnace; content; flow; furnace; model; oxygen; oxygen content; process
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        item: #839 of 7527
          id: cet-10981
      author: None
       title: cet-10981
        date: 2020-08-12
       words: 3598
      flesch: 49
     summary: In the presence of HAH, the concentration of p-CP decreased quickly from 100 mg/L to 7.8 mg/L within 5 min, and the degradation efficiency was 92.2 % in HAH/Fe2+/ SPC system (Figure 1). The results showed that the addition of HAH significantly enhanced the degradation of p-CP with an increase in degradation efficiency from 66 % to 92.6 %.
    keywords: degradation; fe2; hah; min; molar; ratio; spc; system
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        item: #840 of 7527
          id: cet-10982
      author: None
       title: cet-10982
        date: 2020-08-12
       words: 3031
      flesch: 55
     summary: 2.2 Risk assessment of heavy metals in sediments The single factor index (Pi) is often used for assessing the level of single heavy metal in sediments, and its value is not affected by other non-target contaminants. The leaching toxicity test of heavy metals was performed and the concentrations of heavy metal ions in the acidic leachate were measured.
    keywords: cr6; dewatering; metals; sediments
       cache: cet-10982.pdf
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        item: #841 of 7527
          id: cet-10983
      author: None
       title: cet-10983
        date: 2020-08-12
       words: 3679
      flesch: 51
     summary: However, activated clays, in particular, bentonites stand out among several materials used as bleaching adsorbents. These values are comparable to those obtained from activated clays.
    keywords: acid; activation; bentonite; bleaching; chlorophyll; clay; oil; wt.%
       cache: cet-10983.pdf
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        item: #842 of 7527
          id: cet-10984
      author: None
       title: cet-10984
        date: 2020-08-12
       words: 4039
      flesch: 45
     summary: 257 4. Conclusions This paper has discussed the potential implementation of IR4 features in palm oil industry. Study shows that incorporation of IR4 features is able to promote higher sustainable performance in industry (Ghobakhloo, 2020).
    keywords: cost; features; implementation; industry; ir4; oil; palm; penalty; year
       cache: cet-10984.pdf
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        item: #843 of 7527
          id: cet-10985
      author: None
       title: cet-10985
        date: 2020-08-12
       words: 3664
      flesch: 56
     summary: Another research gap is that the selection of water main concentrations has not been well investigated, as most of the studies pre-set the water main concentration. A water main is an interface between water sources and sinks to reduce the complexity of the Total Site Integration for water reuse.
    keywords: concentration; freshwater; main; plant; ppm; site; wastewater; water
       cache: cet-10985.pdf
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        item: #844 of 7527
          id: cet-10986
      author: None
       title: cet-10986
        date: 2020-08-12
       words: 4258
      flesch: 57
     summary: Original plant layout is manually determined according to the relationships between frames and high facilities. Through this approach, the lengths of pipelines and pipe rack are shortened and the material pumping cost can be reduced, and a comprehensive layout result can be acquired.
    keywords: cost; frames; layout; material; pipe; pipe rack; plant; rack
       cache: cet-10986.pdf
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        item: #845 of 7527
          id: cet-10987
      author: None
       title: cet-10987
        date: 2020-08-12
       words: 3452
      flesch: 51
     summary: Cascade cooling system is suitable for the hot stream cooling process with large temperature variation. Both the flowrate and the final temperature of hot water influence the cooling capacity generated by ARC, and further affect the heat load distribution of cascade cooling system.
    keywords: absorption; cascade; cooling; heat; refrigeration; system; waste; water
       cache: cet-10987.pdf
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        item: #846 of 7527
          id: cet-10988
      author: None
       title: cet-10988
        date: 2020-08-12
       words: 3300
      flesch: 63
     summary: − = (8) 1 0 ( , ) binary binary j j T j j j j b b E             = =             =  =                 (9) 278 1 2r r     = =             (10) , , 0w     (11) , , 0w     (12) ( ) 0.48 1 2 3 4 = + + + out out k k k k a AWt A D A A D (13) ( ) 2 =644.3 +72.5 +0.4611 in in k k k Wt D D (14) The above-mentioned works do not consider the optimization of pipe network topology.
    keywords: cost; energy; k k; loss; network; optimization; pipe; system; topology
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        item: #847 of 7527
          id: cet-10989
      author: None
       title: cet-10989
        date: 2020-08-12
       words: 3703
      flesch: 47
     summary: To better account of the potential for improving the energy efficiency of oil refining units, let us assume that the reference units eliminate the loss of heat energy from heated surfaces. GCC shows the possibility of distributed localization of utilities and the areas where heat energy is recovered, the so-called Pockets of recuperation (Smith et al., 2000).
    keywords: complex; efficiency; energy; energy efficiency; heat; process; unit
       cache: cet-10989.pdf
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        item: #848 of 7527
          id: cet-1099
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - CET--006.docx
        date: 2017-07-25
       words: 3272
      flesch: 51
     summary: The effects of electromagnetic wave transmission, field intensity distribution, temperature sensing characteristics and structural parameters on temperature sensitivity and coupling strength were studied. The scale factor (temperature sensitivity) is: ( )πϕλ //20
    keywords: cavity; peak; rectangular; sensor; spps; temperature; temperature sensor; transmission
       cache: cet-1099.pdf
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        item: #849 of 7527
          id: cet-10990
      author: None
       title: cet-10990
        date: 2020-08-12
       words: 3865
      flesch: 51
     summary: Variants of CEPA were also developed to account for other sustainability metrics, such as land footprint (Foo et al., 2008), water footprint (Tan et al., 2009a), emergy (Bandyopadhyay et al., 2010), and inoperability risk (Tan and Foo, 2013). Related approaches based on Mathematical Programming (MP) (Pękala et al., 2010) and P-graph (Tan et al., 2017) have also been developed.
    keywords: carbon; electricity; emissions; energy; foo; pinch; tan
       cache: cet-10990.pdf
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        item: #850 of 7527
          id: cet-10991
      author: None
       title: cet-10991
        date: 2020-08-12
       words: 3335
      flesch: 51
     summary: The mixture of ethane and ethylene obtained from the top of deethaniser enters into ethylene distillation column to realise ethylene refining, and the bottom stream of deethaniser is introduced into propylene distillation column to obtain pure propylene. The process involves five columns, namely, dividing wall column, ethylene distillation column, depropaniser, propylene distillation column, and debutaniser.
    keywords: column; distillation; energy; ethylene; heat; pressure; process; propylene
       cache: cet-10991.pdf
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        item: #851 of 7527
          id: cet-10992
      author: None
       title: cet-10992
        date: 2020-08-12
       words: 3630
      flesch: 45
     summary: Variable No. Variable 1 Air flow rate 6 Cooling water flow 2 Dissolved O2 concentration 7 Bacterium concentration 3 CO2 concentration 8 Heat 4 Reaction volume 9 Stirring power 5 pH 10 Bottom stream rate 3.2 Dynamic simulation of penicillin fermentation process First principles model of penicillin fermentation process plays an important role in guaranteeing the accuracy of dynamic simulation and DTW based startup fault diagnosis method. Conclusions In this study, a dynamic simulation and dynamic time warping based fault diagnosis method for unsteady state startup processes were proposed.
    keywords: chemical; data; diagnosis; dtw; fault; fermentation; model; penicillin; process; simulation; time; variable
       cache: cet-10992.pdf
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        item: #852 of 7527
          id: cet-10993
      author: None
       title: cet-10993
        date: 2020-08-12
       words: 3656
      flesch: 55
     summary: Design of wastewater treatment process The schematic diagram of FCC acid wastewater treatment is shown in Figure 1. 4 Optimisation and control of wastewater treatment process
    keywords: extraction; feed; figure; heat; oil; phenol; process; pyrazole; treatment; wastewater
       cache: cet-10993.pdf
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        item: #853 of 7527
          id: cet-10994
      author: None
       title: cet-10994
        date: 2020-08-12
       words: 3281
      flesch: 46
     summary: At present, most studies have chosen the Peng Robinson-Boston Mathias (PR-BM) property method for coal pyrolysis simulation. In coal pyrolysis process, the drying and pyrolysis units are simulated by the RYIELD module.
    keywords: chemical; clg; coal; molecular; process; pyrolysis; simulation; temperature
       cache: cet-10994.pdf
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        item: #854 of 7527
          id: cet-10995
      author: None
       title: cet-10995
        date: 2020-08-12
       words: 3174
      flesch: 49
     summary: Another difficulty in disposing of such as wastewater is that it consumes a lot of energy to treat sodium sulfate wastewater by the evaporation process. The electrochemical method has become a hot spot to treat sodium sulfate wastewater because of its low-energy consumption.
    keywords: electrolysis; flow; mass; phenol; process; sodium; sulfate; wastewater
       cache: cet-10995.pdf
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        item: #855 of 7527
          id: cet-10996
      author: None
       title: cet-10996
        date: 2020-08-12
       words: 2728
      flesch: 51
     summary: Secondly, to verify the feasibility of the process, the steady-state simulation of MMA production process is carried out by Aspen Plus. First, the ReaxFF-RMD simulation is applied to find the appropriate temperature of reduction reaction in CLG process.
    keywords: co2; coal; figure; mma; process; simulation; temperature
       cache: cet-10996.pdf
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        item: #856 of 7527
          id: cet-10997
      author: None
       title: cet-10997
        date: 2020-08-12
       words: 3547
      flesch: 48
     summary: In Figure 2b, a piecewise minimizing linear membership function is shown for rock application rate, taking into account the risk of adverse effects of soil chemistry. (a) (b) Figure 2: Fuzzy membership function for a) CO2 sequestration rate and b) rock application rate The objective function is to maximize the over-all degree of satisfaction, , as indicated in Eq(1).
    keywords: application; carbon; co2; constraints; potential; rate; rock; sink; source
       cache: cet-10997.pdf
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        item: #857 of 7527
          id: cet-10998
      author: None
       title: cet-10998
        date: 2020-08-12
       words: 3489
      flesch: 53
     summary: 2.2 Control equations and calculation methods The transformer model is divided into a solid domain (winding) and a fluid domain (transformer oil). The coupled heat-flow equations of the fluid domain are show in Eqs(14) - (16), the mass conservation equation Eq(14), the oil heat transfer equation Eq(15) and the momentum conservation equation Eq(16) are coupled by the thermal properties of transformer oil (oil properties are given by COMSOL finite element analysis software).
    keywords: coil; core; coupling; density; heat; loss; method; spot; temperature; transformer; winding
       cache: cet-10998.pdf
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        item: #858 of 7527
          id: cet-10999
      author: None
       title: cet-10999
        date: 2020-08-28
       words: 3518
      flesch: 43
     summary: The degree of metal ions sorption was calculated using Eq(1): α = ((С0 – С) · 100 %)) 3. Experimental part 3.1 Study of metal ions sorption by various sorbents in model solutions Based on the results of experimental data, dependence diagrams of copper and zinc ions sorption degree on the contact time of model solution with sorbents were constructed (Figure 1).
    keywords: chemical; figure; hydrogel; ions; metal; particles; polymer; shungite; sorption; wastewater
       cache: cet-10999.pdf
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        item: #859 of 7527
          id: cet-110
      author: TW
       title: cet-110
        date: 2017-10-04
       words: 3609
      flesch: 53
     summary: I I type fresh water fresh II II type fresh water gain water for gain loss water for loss other other water recy circulating water resource water resource from outside reuse water for reuse 359 steam steam from water TypeIn water type of inlet TypeOut water type of outlet vapor water for vaporization waste waste water Subscript acetic acetic anhydride branch plant DWS desalted water station FWS fresh water station gasify gasification branch plant methanol methanol branch plant raw raw material branch plant RCS recycling cooling water station thermo thermal power branch plant urea urea branch plant WTS waste water treatment station Acknowledgments Financial support provided by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 21576287) and Science Foundation of China University of Petroleum, Beijing (No. 2462015BJB02 and 2462015YQ0305) are gratefully acknowledged.       (10) (11) Water balance of fresh water I Fresh water I from outlet of fresh water station is sent to raw material, gasification, methanol, urea, acetic anhydride and thermal power branch factory.
    keywords: branch; chemical; fresh; plant; process; station; water
       cache: cet-110.pdf
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        item: #860 of 7527
          id: cet-1100
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - CET--006.docx
        date: 2017-07-25
       words: 2789
      flesch: 45
     summary: Based on the special biological effects of functional health fiber materials, the product is designed. The effect of its temperature change is mainly from functional fiber materials (Saetia et al., 2014).
    keywords: bra; carbon; experiment; fiber; infrared; material; temperature; thermal; women
       cache: cet-1100.pdf
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        item: #861 of 7527
          id: cet-11000
      author: None
       title: cet-11000
        date: 2020-08-12
       words: 3266
      flesch: 53
     summary: The variations of eigenfrequency and sensitivity caused by membrane temperature would have an important impact on sensor performance. The sensors consist of optical fibre, resonant cavity and membrane.
    keywords: bsm; cantilever; eigenfrequency; length; membrane; structure; temperature
       cache: cet-11000.pdf
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        item: #862 of 7527
          id: cet-11001
      author: None
       title: cet-11001
        date: 2020-08-12
       words: 3615
      flesch: 52
     summary: The energy yield determined for the three mixtures was about 80 %, indicating that HTC is a feasible technology for the recovery of municipal waste biomass and sludge. HTC is a feasible technology for the recovery of municipal waste biomass and sludge.
    keywords: ash; biomass; blend; carbonization; energy; et al; hhv; sludge; value; waste
       cache: cet-11001.pdf
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        item: #863 of 7527
          id: cet-11002
      author: None
       title: cet-11002
        date: 2020-08-12
       words: 3466
      flesch: 54
     summary: Several research works have been conducted in this regard, and lately, Porous Radiant Burners (PRBs) were developed to meet this requirement. Porous Radiant Burners (PRBs) designed for cooking application were reported to be highly efficient and less polluting as compared to the conventional burners (CB).
    keywords: burner; cprb; efficiency; emissions; figure; fuel; lpg; ηth
       cache: cet-11002.pdf
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        item: #864 of 7527
          id: cet-11003
      author: None
       title: cet-11003
        date: 2020-08-12
       words: 3041
      flesch: 50
     summary: Table 1: The model and peak wavelengths of the different lamps used for irradiation studies Lamp Model Peak Wavelength(s) UVA Philips TL-K 40W/10R Actinic BL Reflector 365 nm UVB Visible Exo Terra Reptile UVB 200 18W, 60 cm Philips Master Super 80 TL-D 18W/865 310 – 350 nm 440, 560, 640 nm Studies have also shown that the presence of irradiation can increase degradation rates when using an iron - based catalyst in AOPs (Zazo et al., 2016). The study found that as irradiation wavelength increased degradation rates decreased.
    keywords: catalyst; degradation; ilmenite; irradiation; methyl; orange; presence
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        item: #865 of 7527
          id: cet-11004
      author: None
       title: cet-11004
        date: 2020-08-12
       words: 2745
      flesch: 55
     summary: Greco C.S., Paolillo G., Ianiro A., Cardone G., de Luca L., 2018, Effects of the stroke length and nozzle-to-plate distance on synthetic jet impingement heat transfer, International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, 117, 1019–1031. The signal of synthetic jet velocity is rectangular waveform; parameters investigated cover dimensionless jet-to-surface distance H/w=2 and 4, Reynolds number Re 10,000 – 20,000, oscillating frequency f 10
    keywords: figure; heat; jet; transfer
       cache: cet-11004.pdf
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        item: #866 of 7527
          id: cet-11005
      author: None
       title: cet-11005
        date: 2020-08-12
       words: 3450
      flesch: 49
     summary: We perceived an important reduction in the C/H ratio of basic treated samples inspecting the high subtraction of organic content in sample N1. Table 3 demonstrated that the C/H ratio had slight fluctuations for raw material as well as leached samples.
    keywords: analysis; ash; biomass; demineralisation; energy; reagents; samples; straw; wheat
       cache: cet-11005.pdf
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        item: #867 of 7527
          id: cet-11006
      author: None
       title: cet-11006
        date: 2020-08-12
       words: 2768
      flesch: 54
     summary: Obtain the overall characteristics ΔP<ΔPallow Stop Design results No Yes Calculate Tair,out Assumate Thydrogen,out,j (j=1, N) Calculate Thydrogen,out,i (i=1, N) Thydrogen,out,i =Thydrogen,out,j No Yes 1 2 3 n1-1 n1 Air outlet 1 2 Total length, L 3 n1n1-1 1 2 3 n1-1 n1 1 2 3 n1n1-1 Hydrogen inlet ΔL segmented LMTD method Figure 5: The thermal design and GA optimisation process 388 3.2 Basic equations Equation of heat balance is as: 2 2 2 2air p,air air,out air,in H p,H H ,out H ,in ( ) ( )Q q c T T q c T T=   − =   − (1) where air q and 2H q are the mass flow rate of air and hydrogen, p,airc and 2p ,Hc are the specific heat at constant pressure of air and hydrogen, air,inT and air,outT are the inlet and outlet temperature of the air, and 2H ,inT and 2H ,out T are the inlet and outlet temperature of hydrogen (Qian, 2002). As one of the core components, air-hydrogen precooler plays a vital role in the development of liquefied air cycle engines.
    keywords: air; design; heat; hydrogen; iahp; power; precooler; temperature
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        item: #868 of 7527
          id: cet-11007
      author: None
       title: cet-11007
        date: 2020-08-12
       words: 3341
      flesch: 53
     summary: To select a PCM for battery thermal management. A publication of The Italian Association of Chemical Engineering Online at www.cetjournal.it Guest Editors: Petar S. Varbanov, Qiuwang Wang, Min Zeng, Panos Seferlis, Ting Ma, Jiří J. Klemeš Copyright © 2020, AIDIC Servizi S.r.l. ISBN 978-88-95608-79-2; ISSN 2283-9216 Heat Transfer and Thermal Performance of Large-Format Li- ion Battery Modules Employing PCM with Airgap/Aluminum under Extreme Conditions Abubakar Gambo Mohammed, Karem Elsayed Elfeky, Qiuwang Wang* Key Laboratory of Thermo-Fluid Science and Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710049, P.R. China wangqw@mail.xjtu.edu.cn For optimum performance of battery modules in electric vehicles (EVs), the temperature of the batteries must be well managed and maintained within a definite range.
    keywords: airgap; aluminum; battery; heat; pcm; temperature
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        item: #869 of 7527
          id: cet-11008
      author: None
       title: cet-11008
        date: 2020-08-12
       words: 3173
      flesch: 62
     summary: However, the off-gas components are different while smelting different ore, and each kind of smelting furnace is in different operation characters. Zhou et al. (2018) studied the heavy metal data for particles sampled near an urban site affected by non-ferrous metal smelting in China, indicated that there are potential non-cancer effects and cancer risks in this area.
    keywords: boiler; furnace; gas; heat; hood; slagging; smelting; temperature; whb
       cache: cet-11008.pdf
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        item: #870 of 7527
          id: cet-11009
      author: None
       title: cet-11009
        date: 2020-08-12
       words: 4014
      flesch: 56
     summary: Wind speed plays an important role in the regulation of human body temperature. The experimental results show that retractable roof can effectively improve the indoor environment.
    keywords: body; comfort; environment; indoor; roof; speed; temperature; wind
       cache: cet-11009.pdf
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        item: #871 of 7527
          id: cet-1101
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - CET--006.docx
        date: 2017-07-25
       words: 2907
      flesch: 53
     summary: Dynamic response of fuel cell affects the performance and life of the battery on a certain extent. Introduction As a clean energy with high energy conversion efficiency, environment-friendly and low noise, fuel cell is considered the century preferred cleaning and efficient power generation technology (Pandiyan et al., 2013).
    keywords: air; cell; current; fuel; gas; oxygen; response; time; undershoot
       cache: cet-1101.pdf
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        item: #872 of 7527
          id: cet-11010
      author: None
       title: cet-11010
        date: 2020-08-12
       words: 3197
      flesch: 47
     summary: This indicates the phenomenon of catching up effect in eco-efficiency, but cities are going to stay in different eco-effficiency state in the end due to different developmental background. 4. Conclusions Based on the above discussion, the main results are as follows: (1) Only a few cities have high eco-efficiencies that are greater than 1, while a large majority of cities in Bohai Rim have unfavorable eco-efficiencies which are below 0.5.
    keywords: analysis; bohai; cities; convergence; development; eco; efficiency; rim
       cache: cet-11010.pdf
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        item: #873 of 7527
          id: cet-11011
      author: None
       title: cet-11011
        date: 2020-08-12
       words: 3421
      flesch: 62
     summary: Pressure swing adsorption features its low energy consumption, low investment, and simple operation. References Chou C., Chen F., Huang Y., Yang H., 2013, Carbon dioxide capture and hydrogen purification from synthesis gas by pressure swing adsorption, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 32, 1855 - 1860.
    keywords: co2; pressure
       cache: cet-11011.pdf
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        item: #874 of 7527
          id: cet-11012
      author: None
       title: cet-11012
        date: 2020-08-12
       words: 2876
      flesch: 38
     summary: Figure 2: Separation sequences matrix for a quaternary mixture For separating a N-component mixture, the number of all separation sequences can be calculated as Eq(1) (Thompson and King, 1972). This work also evaluates separation sequences for variant feed compositions, and shows the effects of feed compositions on the best separation sequences.
    keywords: component; distillation; matrix; method; mixture; separation; sequence
       cache: cet-11012.pdf
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        item: #875 of 7527
          id: cet-11013
      author: None
       title: cet-11013
        date: 2020-08-12
       words: 4795
      flesch: 43
     summary: Meschewski E., Holm N., Sharma B.K., Spokas K., Minalt N., Kelly J.J., 2019, Pyrolysis biochar has negligible effects on soil greenhouse gas production, microbial communities, plant germination and initial seedling growth, Chemosphere, 228, 565-576. Figure 1: Biochar properties from the pyrolysis of feedstocks for different applications Soil amendment and adsorption materials are more widely suited for biochar produced from the various feedstock.
    keywords: adsorption; applications; biochar; biomass; content; et al; feedstock; food; lignocellulosic; properties; pyrolysis; soil; temperature; waste
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        item: #876 of 7527
          id: cet-11014
      author: None
       title: cet-11014
        date: 2020-08-12
       words: 3210
      flesch: 26
     summary: Energy conservation evaluation index system Based on the requirements of national energy conservation assessment and management needs of oil companies, an energy conservation evaluation index system combining quantitative index and qualitative index is established. 2.1 Principles of construction This paper studies the requirements of the Chinese government for the assessment of the responsibility of energy conservation objectives of enterprises since 2005 and the new requirements for the implementation of online energy monitoring, the establishment of energy management system and the construction of energy management and control center for key energy users since the 13th Five Year Plan, the current situation and development trend of energy conservation assessment in petroleum and petrochemical industry, established energy conservation evaluation index system based on scientificity, systematization, applicability, operability and guidance.
    keywords: assessment; china; conservation; consumption; efficiency; energy; enterprises; evaluation; index; management; oil; system
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        item: #877 of 7527
          id: cet-11015
      author: None
       title: cet-11015
        date: 2020-08-12
       words: 3891
      flesch: 45
     summary: Kedzierski M.A., Goncalves J.M., 1999, Horizontal convective condensation of alternative refrigerants within a micro-fin tube, Journal of Enhanced Heat Transfer, 6, 161-178. Kukulka D.J., Smith R., 2013, Thermal-hydraulic performance of Vipertex 1EHT enhanced heat transfer tubes, Applied Thermal Engineering, 61, 60-66. Additional enhancement structure design analysis of EHT tubes has been investigated by Ayub et al. (2017), their results show that under similar operating conditions the enhanced tube with a rod insert provided three times the heat transfer coefficient produced by a plain tube; additionally, the corresponding pressure drop penalty was lowest at low mass fluxes.
    keywords: condensation; drop; eht; heat; pressure; smooth; transfer; tube
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        item: #878 of 7527
          id: cet-11016
      author: None
       title: cet-11016
        date: 2020-08-12
       words: 3596
      flesch: 53
     summary: Based on inherent safety principles and indices, and reaction path including fire, explosion, toxicity hazards, material screening rules that considered safety were formed. The optimisation of reaction paths with this method can drastically reduce the number of optimisation cycles for both potentials.
    keywords: evaluation; index; path; process; reaction; safety; seh; synthesis
       cache: cet-11016.pdf
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        item: #879 of 7527
          id: cet-11017
      author: None
       title: cet-11017
        date: 2020-08-12
       words: 3391
      flesch: 46
     summary: The cumulative present value of non-integrated process and integrated process finally reach $ 1,352 M and $ 2,529 M. The investment cost of integrated process is 1.71 times as much as the non-integrated process, which results in higher depreciation cost and maintenance cost.
    keywords: aromatics; coal; cost; methanol; process; reforming; total; unit
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        item: #880 of 7527
          id: cet-11018
      author: None
       title: cet-11018
        date: 2020-08-12
       words: 3435
      flesch: 38
     summary: Figure 2: Effect of simulation conditions on the reboiler heat demand: effect of specific extraction solvent demand at different values of reflux ratio (a) and feed input stage position in extractive distillation column (b) At these conditions, the calculated value of the reboiler heat demand dropped from 94 kW to 67 kW. 3.2 Comparison of [Emim][triflate] and [Amim]Cl Table 3 summarises optimum (see chapter 3.1) parameters of extractive distillation columns for acetone– methanol azeotrope separation in the presence of two ionic liquids, [Emim][triflate] (Graczová and Vavrušová, 2018) and [Amim]Cl (present study).
    keywords: acetone; column; distillation; methanol; mixture; separation; solvent
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        item: #881 of 7527
          id: cet-11019
      author: None
       title: cet-11019
        date: 2020-08-12
       words: 4237
      flesch: 56
     summary: 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 random stainless steel packed bed bulk region near cold-wall region hot wall cold wall near hot-wall region Case1 Case2 Case3 Case4 Case5 Distance from hot wall, d p E ff e c ti v e t h e rm a l c o n d u c ti v it y , W /( m K ) (d) Figure 3: Effective thermal conductivity distributions in four different packed beds 3.2 Separate analysis of effective thermal conductivity in bulk regions and near wall regions The effective thermal conductivity in the near wall regions varying with temperature is shown in Figure 4.The effective thermal conductivity in the near wall regions is scattered widely at the same temperature, especially for the random packed beds. A publication of The Italian Association of Chemical Engineering Online at www.cetjournal.it Guest Editors: Petar S. Varbanov, Qiuwang Wang, Min Zeng, Panos Seferlis, Ting Ma, Jiří J. Klemeš Copyright © 2020, AIDIC Servizi S.r.l. ISBN 978-88-95608-79-2; ISSN 2283-9216 Experimental Analysis of Stagnant Effective Thermal Conductivity in Packed Beds: Bulk Region and Near Wall Region Shanshan Bua,*,Jie Wangb, Bo Chena, Zhengzhong Lia aKey Laboratory of Low-Grade Energy Utilization Technologies & System, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, P.R. China bReactor Engineering Research Sub-institute，Nuclear Power Insititute of China, Chengdu 610041, China shanshanbu@cqu.edu.cn Effective thermal conductivities in four different packed beds are experimentally studied in this paper, namely two random graphite packed beds with porosity ɛ=0.40 and ɛ=0.35, a simple cubic (SC) graphite packed bed and a random stainless steel packed bed.
    keywords: bed; conductivity; graphite; near; region; values; wall
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        item: #882 of 7527
          id: cet-1102
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - CET--006.docx
        date: 2017-07-25
       words: 2995
      flesch: 52
     summary: Results and discussion 4.1 Optimization of reaction conditions The greater the amount of substance in MecOCI is, the higher the reaction temperature will, and the faster the rate of reaction is (Table 4, Entry 1-6).
    keywords: a.r; chemical; ketone; ketone reaction; mercaptal; reaction; reagent; synthesis
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        item: #883 of 7527
          id: cet-11020
      author: None
       title: cet-11020
        date: 2020-08-12
       words: 3212
      flesch: 49
     summary: Embodied water consumption is the sum of all water embodied in creating the product or providing the services. These countries also have the biggest difference between embodied water consumptions and total water consumption.
    keywords: china; co2; consumption; emissions; energy; eu27; sectors; water
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        item: #884 of 7527
          id: cet-11021
      author: None
       title: cet-11021
        date: 2020-08-12
       words: 3269
      flesch: 60
     summary: Wind resource varies with seasons significantly and the location of wind turbines (WTs) can be changed in different time. For example, Feng and Shen (2017) carried out wind farm layout for Danish Horns Rev I wind farm by using multiple types of wind turbines as optimization variables.
    keywords: direction; effect; energy; farm; layout; period; speed; turbines; wake; wind
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        item: #885 of 7527
          id: cet-11022
      author: None
       title: cet-11022
        date: 2020-08-12
       words: 3315
      flesch: 57
     summary: The construction of compabloc plate heat exchangers is such that the fluids flow in a crossflow arrangement in each pass. Polley, G. T., Haslego C., 2002, Compact heat exchangers, Part 2: Using plate heat exchangers in heat recovery networks, Chemical Engineering Progress, 98, 10, 48-51.
    keywords: compabloc; design; exchanger; flow; heat; number; plate; stream; transfer; units
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        item: #886 of 7527
          id: cet-11023
      author: None
       title: cet-11023
        date: 2020-08-12
       words: 3633
      flesch: 51
     summary: The overall industrial water system superstructure presented by Gunaratnam et al. (2005) and optimised wastewater processing and water systems simultaneously. The proposed mathematical model provides appropriate water resource selection to acquire freshwater for the industrial water network and integrates all possible functional designs for water treatment, reuse, and recycling.
    keywords: dws; freshwater; system; treatment; water
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        item: #887 of 7527
          id: cet-11024
      author: None
       title: cet-11024
        date: 2020-08-12
       words: 3677
      flesch: 55
     summary: It has been identified that between 50 and 70 % of total solar thermal energy costs are related to the capital investment, while the rest includes the costs of installation of the devices and the energy integration (Carbon Trust, 2013). In the industrial sector, the application of solar thermal energy is still developing and the challenges associated include the generation of methodologies for the cost-effective solar thermal energy integration into continuous or batch processes.
    keywords: cost; energy; heat; integration; network; plant; storage; system; thermal; total
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        item: #888 of 7527
          id: cet-11025
      author: None
       title: cet-11025
        date: 2020-08-12
       words: 3458
      flesch: 48
     summary: Figure 1: Schematic diagram of packed bed thermal storage system In the present study, making comparison between the system performance with change in the cut-off temperature difference. Thermal energy storage (TES) has attracted considerable attention from researchers around the world because of its effectiveness in terms of efficiency and cost for all applications of solar energy at low, medium and high temperatures (Jiang et al., 2019).
    keywords: efficiency; energy; htf; storage; tank; temperature
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        item: #889 of 7527
          id: cet-11026
      author: None
       title: cet-11026
        date: 2020-08-12
       words: 3619
      flesch: 52
     summary: Li B., Ju F., 2018, Thermal stability of granite for high temperature thermal energy storage in concentrating solar power plants, Applied Thermal Engineering, 138, 409-416. The process of thermal energy storage in the 507 thermocline tank keeps the STP plants in operation, the heat transfer process inside this tank during the charging/discharging cycles is of fundamental importance and will be studied in detail in this research.
    keywords: energy; htf; region; spheres; tank; temperature; tes; wall
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        item: #890 of 7527
          id: cet-11027
      author: None
       title: cet-11027
        date: 2020-08-12
       words: 4190
      flesch: 65
     summary: In this study, a multi-period mathematical model has been established for the waste heat recovery, in which hot water is the intermediate fluid, and waste heat can be utilized in the entire year by integrating with DHC systems. Kapil et al. (2011) proposed a method for identifying the quality and quantity of low-grade waste heat that can be recycled in the plant, and assessed the economic benefits of integrating waste heat into the district heating (DH) system.
    keywords: cooling; heat; s s; temperature; waste; waste heat; water
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        item: #891 of 7527
          id: cet-11028
      author: None
       title: cet-11028
        date: 2020-08-12
       words: 3797
      flesch: 53
     summary: wt.% CMC based on the dry weight. Specimens of 2 g of NaB, CB, SHMP@CB or CMC-SHMP@CB (treated with 3 ~ 12 wt.% CMC) were poured into a 100 mL graduated cylinder containing 90 mL of DW.
    keywords: bentonite; cd2; cmc; ions; metal; ni2; shmp@cb
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        item: #892 of 7527
          id: cet-11029
      author: None
       title: cet-11029
        date: 2020-08-12
       words: 3149
      flesch: 55
     summary: Li B., Ju F., 2018, Thermal stability of granite for high temperature thermal energy storage in concentrating solar power plants, Applied Thermal Engineering, 138, 409-416. Yang J., Wang Q., Zeng M., Nakayama A., 2010, Computational study of forced convective heat transfer in structured packed beds with spherical or ellipsoidal particles, Chemical Engineering Science, 65, 26-738. Zanganeh G., Khanna R., Walser C., Pedretti A., Haselbacher A., Steinfeld A., 2015, Experimental and numerical investigation of combined sensible–latent heat for thermal energy storage at 575 °C and above, Solar Energy, 114, 77-90.
    keywords: discharging; energy; heat; htf; spheres; tank; temperature; thermocline
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        item: #893 of 7527
          id: cet-1103
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - CET--006.docx
        date: 2017-07-25
       words: 3418
      flesch: 52
     summary: We know that in the above several hydrogen evolution metal materials, Pt hydrogen over potential is the minimum. Reaction conditions: reaction bias 0.7V, light source 300W xenon lamp simulated sunlight, reaction time of 2h, and reaction temperature of 25 DEG C. Add 5uL methyl anisole to the anode before the reaction.
    keywords: acid; aldehyde; hydrogen; p25; production; reaction; time; yield
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        item: #894 of 7527
          id: cet-11030
      author: None
       title: cet-11030
        date: 2020-08-12
       words: 4216
      flesch: 42
     summary: Renewable energy offers a good solution to this issue and has been attracting extensive attention during the past decades, including solar (Munkhchuluun et al., 2020), biomass (Mohebbi et al., 2020), wind (Li et al., 2020), tidal energy (Gaurier et al., 2020), geothermal power (Gil et al., 2020), water (Comino et al., 2020), nuclear energy (Batchelder, 2020), and hybrid power systems (Li et al., 2020). A CPCM with aluminium nitride additives as heat transfer promoters was fabricated and exhibited desirable thermal management for a battery module (Zhang et al., 2020).
    keywords: carbon; change; conversion; cpcm; energy; et al; graphene; heat; materials; paraffin; phase; storage
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        item: #895 of 7527
          id: cet-11031
      author: None
       title: cet-11031
        date: 2020-08-12
       words: 3999
      flesch: 50
     summary: 2.2 Catalyst characterization The crystallinity of catalysts was investigated using Rikagu SmartLab X-Ray Diffractometer. Based on several articles, ZrO2 catalysts provided a good activity on the acetaldehyde condensation reaction.
    keywords: 1,3; acetaldehyde; acid; butadiene; catalyst; conversion; ethanol; femgal; ldo; zro2
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        item: #896 of 7527
          id: cet-11032
      author: None
       title: cet-11032
        date: 2020-08-12
       words: 3157
      flesch: 52
     summary: The propagation path of most process faults is identified, which is well matched with the fault description, indicating that the proposed method has a good performance on diagnosing process faults. Then in PCA based method T2 statistic, SPE statistic, and their control limits are utilized to detect process faults.
    keywords: contribution; diagnosis; fault; method; model; process; root; variables
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        item: #897 of 7527
          id: cet-11033
      author: None
       title: cet-11033
        date: 2020-08-12
       words: 3631
      flesch: 50
     summary: Figure 1: The representative and proposed alpha function and their derivatives for n-butanol in the reduced temperature region from 0.4 to 6. Guennec et al. (2016) concluded and revised the constraints of consistency test of alpha function.
    keywords: alpha; alpha function; compounds; eos; function
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        item: #898 of 7527
          id: cet-11034
      author: None
       title: cet-11034
        date: 2020-08-12
       words: 3375
      flesch: 52
     summary: Optimising the heat exchanger network properly can reduce the exergy loss of heating and cooling utilities by 6,824.12 kW and 5,803.14 kW. With the characteristic of the minimum azeotrope employed in the energy recovery, the consumption of cooling and heating utilities can be reduced by more than 5,000 kW, and the heating utility and cooling utility exergy loss can be reduced by 1,299.57 kW and 957.27 kW. Acknowledgements Financial support provided by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (U1662126) is gratefully acknowledged. Based on the simulation results, the exergy loss and exergy efficiency of single equipment are analysed, as well as the distribution of exergy loss in the whole system.
    keywords: ethylbenzene; exergy; exergy loss; heat; loss; process; reactor; styrene; temperature
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        item: #899 of 7527
          id: cet-11035
      author: None
       title: cet-11035
        date: 2020-08-12
       words: 3335
      flesch: 64
     summary: The main conclusions of this work are: • Secondary heat transfer surfaces are a degree of freedom that can be used to achieve specific dimensions as a design objective. Recent research developments in plate and fin heat exchangers have centred around the innovative production of new heat transfer surfaces aiming at improving heat transfer and friction performance.
    keywords: design; exchanger; fin; heat; plate; surface; volume; 𝐹𝑡ℎ
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        item: #900 of 7527
          id: cet-11036
      author: None
       title: cet-11036
        date: 2020-08-12
       words: 3317
      flesch: 51
     summary: Figure 3: The amount of EG to PANI vs the percentage of Cr (VI) removed Table 2: Parameters from adsorption isotherm modelling Langmuir Freundlich Qo (mg/g) KL (L/mg) R2 (1) KF (L/g) 1/n R2 (1) 40.550 0.09354 0.9662 11.849 0.2554 0.9973 Figure 4: Non-linear equilibrium data modelling for the adsorption of Cr VI) on the EG/PANI composite 4. The particle morphology and interaction of the EG and PANI was determined using the scanning electron microscopy (SEM).
    keywords: adsorption; composite; graphite; pani; polyaniline; surface
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        item: #901 of 7527
          id: cet-11037
      author: None
       title: cet-11037
        date: 2020-08-12
       words: 3931
      flesch: 59
     summary: Other works have utilized shortcut distillation models (Yeoh et al., 2019) or developed rigorous NLP DOI: 10.3303/CET2081096 Paper Received: 30/04/2020; Revised: 20/05/2020; Accepted: 29/05/2020 Please cite this article as: Yeoh K.P., Hui C.W., 2020, Non-Linear Programming Distillation Model for Simultaneous Process Optimisation, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 81, 571-576 DOI:10.3303/CET2081096 571 distillation models (Kraemer et al., 2009) to circumvent the need to use an MINLP formulation. The model may benefit from using aggregate distillation models with pressure drop considerations for initialisation, as pressure drop has an impact on the solution.
    keywords: distillation; model; stage; ∈ 𝐼; ∈ 𝐿𝑖𝑞; ∈ 𝑁; ∈ 𝑉𝑎𝑝; 𝐿 ∈; 𝑉 ∈
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        item: #902 of 7527
          id: cet-11038
      author: None
       title: cet-11038
        date: 2020-08-12
       words: 3526
      flesch: 47
     summary: (d) Underwater oil CAs of different membranes Pure water flux is an important parameter for membrane separation. Inspired by the plant polyphenol with strong anchoring ability on the various substrates, we report a two-step polyphenol chemistry strategy to achieve the hydrophobic-to- hydrophilic transformation of PVDF membrane via coordination assembly of tannic acid and Fe3+ ion followed by grafting of glutathione (GSH).
    keywords: emulsion; figure; flux; gsh; membrane; oil; pvdf@ta; separation; water
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        item: #903 of 7527
          id: cet-11039
      author: None
       title: cet-11039
        date: 2020-08-12
       words: 3322
      flesch: 34
     summary: Choi J., Teng S., Han J.-C., Ladeinde F., 2004, Effect of free-stream turbulence on turbine blade heat transfer and pressure coefficients in low Reynolds number flows, International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, 47, 3441–3452. Boundary condition Details Inlet Ux=4.312 m/s, Uy=3.333 m/s, Turbulence intensity level=1.8 %, Length scale selected equal to 0.025 m, Static temperature set at laboratory conditions Outlet Static pressure set at laboratory conditions Solid walls Adiabatic stationary walls 585 Table 2: Boundary conditions for the heat transfer CFD computations Boundary condition Details Inlet Mass flow modified to achieve Reynolds number from ~10,000 to ~90,000 Turbulence intensity equal to 5% and 15%, length scale selected equal to 0.025 m Static temperature set at 1,250 K Outlet Static pressure set at constant value Solid walls Fixed temperature gradient equal to -50,000 W/m2 Regarding the selection of blade walls heat transfer conditions there are two basic possibilities; to apply fixed temperature or constant heat flux (fixed temperature gradient) conditions.
    keywords: blade; cfd; conditions; cooling; heat; heat transfer; pressure; transfer; turbine
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        item: #904 of 7527
          id: cet-1104
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - CET--006.docx
        date: 2017-07-25
       words: 3095
      flesch: 38
     summary: 4. Hardware design anti-interference measures There are many factors that may cause electromagnetic interference in power system operation, such as switching off, radio transmission, lightning and so on. In addition, combined with a solid ring network cabinet production company as the experimental platform, it debugs the insulation on-line monitoring system, and analyzes the experimental results.
    keywords: data; design; engineering; equipment; insulation; line; monitoring; power; sensor; signal; system; temperature
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        item: #905 of 7527
          id: cet-11040
      author: None
       title: cet-11040
        date: 2020-08-12
       words: 4298
      flesch: 53
     summary: The heat and momentum transfers relation in channels of plate heat exchangers, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 25, 357-362. Kapustenko P.O., Klemeš J.J., Arsenyeva O.P., Kusakov S.K., Tovazhnyanskyy L.L., 2020, The influence of plate corrugations geometry scale factor on performance of plate heat exchanger as condenser of vapour from its mixture with noncondensing gas. Hu S., Ma X., Zhou W., 2017, Condensation heat transfer of ethanol-water vapor in a plate heat exchanger.
    keywords: channel; condensation; flow; heat; mixture; phase; phe; plate; pressure; process; transfer
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        item: #906 of 7527
          id: cet-11041
      author: None
       title: cet-11041
        date: 2020-08-12
       words: 3331
      flesch: 47
     summary: An import area of such research is the flow control techniques that can contribute towards drag reduction in aerial vehicles, such as passenger airliners, Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) and cargo aircrafts. Figure 1: (a) V-groove riblet basic dimensions (b) Drag reduction as a function of the square root of groove cross section lg+ for various types of riblets With the average size of riblets being in the order of 100 μm, a major issue is the difficulty to model them, using Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) methods.
    keywords: airfoil; boundary; drag; friction; model; reduction; riblets; skin; turbulence
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        item: #907 of 7527
          id: cet-11042
      author: None
       title: cet-11042
        date: 2020-08-12
       words: 3646
      flesch: 46
     summary: Therefore, this paper aims to evaluate the impact of biomass supply chain uncertainties on the techno-economic feasibility of palm-biomass derived bio-ethanol production. Data Collection Transportation Cost Evaluation Model Bioethanol Production Plant Selection NPV Evaluation (with and without uncertainties) 603 Figure 2: Monte Carlo Simulation Forecast for Total Transportation Cost of (a) Plant P1, (b) Plant P2, and (c) Plant P3 4.2 NPV distribution The NPV for bioethanol supply chain is evaluated using Monte Carlo simulation model.
    keywords: bioethanol; carlo; cost; efb; model; monte; npv; plant; price; supply; transportation; uncertainties
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        item: #908 of 7527
          id: cet-11043
      author: None
       title: cet-11043
        date: 2020-08-12
       words: 3414
      flesch: 45
     summary: For instance, Ooi et al. (2014) presented an optimised framework in carbon-constrained energy planning deployed with carbon capture and storage technologies by introducing renewable energy sources and allowing the carbon emission to be transferred internally within 15 y horizon of energy planning. The targeting step is to determine the minimum amount of renewable energy sources needed to meet the carbon emission limit whereas the scheduling step is to discover the optimal scheduling of introduced renewable energy sources to mitigate the total electricity bill.
    keywords: carbon; demand; electricity; emission; energy; malaysia; model; planning; sources; time
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        item: #909 of 7527
          id: cet-11044
      author: None
       title: cet-11044
        date: 2020-08-12
       words: 3394
      flesch: 44
     summary: To minimise the cost of the future hydrogen supply network, the location of hydrogen production site should be well-selected. The potential location of hydrogen production hubs and the location of demand sites will be first determined through spatial data processing in ArcGIS.
    keywords: cost; demand; energy; hydrogen; location; model; optimisation; production; site; supply
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        item: #910 of 7527
          id: cet-11045
      author: None
       title: cet-11045
        date: 2020-08-28
       words: 3158
      flesch: 66
     summary: Different types of heat exchangers such as shell and tube, double-pipe, spiral plate, and spiral tube have their working temperature ranges and prices. However, considering the type of heat exchangers in the HEN retrofit process is rarely seen in previous publications.
    keywords: cost; exchanger; heat; retrofit; spiral; temperature; tube; types
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        item: #911 of 7527
          id: cet-11046
      author: None
       title: cet-11046
        date: 2020-08-12
       words: 3046
      flesch: 51
     summary: Peng et al. (2019) analysed the influence of structural parameters on DPF pressure drop. Figure 1 is the model of DPF established in AVL Boost, and then study the influence factors of DPF pressure drop.
    keywords: dpf; drop; figure; mass; pressure; pressure drop; temperature
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        item: #912 of 7527
          id: cet-11047
      author: None
       title: cet-11047
        date: 2020-08-12
       words: 4205
      flesch: 52
     summary: However, MAE is a green alternative due to its energy efficiency and higher extraction yield. 2.4 Extraction methods Three different extraction methods were used to compare the effects of intensification on extraction yield, conventional extraction (CE), microwave assisted extraction (MAE) and ultrasound assisted extraction (UAE).
    keywords: consumption; des; energy; extraction; solvents; yield
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        item: #913 of 7527
          id: cet-11048
      author: None
       title: cet-11048
        date: 2020-08-12
       words: 3686
      flesch: 55
     summary: Three kinetic models which are modified Gompertz model, logistic function model and transfer function model were conducted by Origin Pro 9.1 to find whether the freezing-thawing pretreatment has a positive effect on anaerobic digestion of wheat straw. Agriculture residues like wheat straw is widely used as substrate in anaerobic digestion due to its cellulosic organics that can be converted by microorganisms into biogas (Tian et al., 2018).
    keywords: anaerobic; digestion; freezing; methane; model; production; straw; time; wheat
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        item: #914 of 7527
          id: cet-11049
      author: None
       title: cet-11049
        date: 2020-08-12
       words: 3338
      flesch: 54
     summary: They did not consider water regeneration and/or outsourcing. In this study, a mathematical model that could provide optimal water regeneration and reuse network that is also capable to perform metal recovery from the selected wastewater streams is developed.
    keywords: cost; membrane; regeneration; usd; wastewater; water
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        item: #915 of 7527
          id: cet-1105
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - CET--006.docx
        date: 2017-07-25
       words: 3328
      flesch: 53
     summary: On the basis of hot rolling experiment, the fatigue test of high strength steel for different wheels is carried out by using high frequency fatigue testing machine. High strength steel that has low carbon with its good strength and ductility matching, high initial work hardening rate, high impact energy absorption capacity and low yield ratio and other advantages gradually becomes an important material for automobile manufacturing (Kim, et al., 2014).
    keywords: doi; fatigue; process; properties; rolling; steel; strength; temperature
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        item: #916 of 7527
          id: cet-11050
      author: None
       title: cet-11050
        date: 2020-08-12
       words: 4141
      flesch: 63
     summary: Heat transfer is developed through the tube wall, which worsens the contact between different phases compared with that in CCMB. To enhance heat transfer in the granular side, the penetration resistance should be improved with small  It can be achieved by particles mixing between GDMB banks (Albrecht et al., 2019).
    keywords: ccmb; gdmb; granular; heat; transfer
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        item: #917 of 7527
          id: cet-11051
      author: None
       title: cet-11051
        date: 2020-08-12
       words: 3856
      flesch: 45
     summary: Gao et al. (2018) investigated the mechanical vapor recompression heat pump (HP) distillation coupled with ORC process via taking the separation of the benzene-toluene mixture as an example. Gao X., Gu Q., Ma, J., Zeng Y., 2018, MVR heat pump distillation coupled with ORC process for separating a benzene-toluene mixture, Energy, 143, 658-665.
    keywords: fluids; heat; optimization; orc; process; reaction; separation; system; waste; working
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        item: #918 of 7527
          id: cet-11052
      author: None
       title: cet-11052
        date: 2020-08-12
       words: 3561
      flesch: 58
     summary: − − − − 0 0 ph Ex H T S H T S= − − − (23) ( ) ( ) ( ) 1.0064 0.1509 0.0616 0.0429 ( ) ( ) ( ) coal coal net H O N Ex m Q C C C         = 
    keywords: coal; gas; mcfc; power; process; system
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        item: #919 of 7527
          id: cet-11053
      author: None
       title: cet-11053
        date: 2020-08-12
       words: 2674
      flesch: 48
     summary: Acetonitrile (G.R.) and triethylamine (A.R.) were purchased from Sinopharm Chemical Reagent Co., Ltd. Phosphoric acid (A.R.) was purchased from Shanghai Ail Chemical Reagent Co.,Ltd 2.2 Characterization The reactant concentrations, product concentrations, reaction temperature and reaction time, were determined. The HPLC spectrograms were used to study the impacts of reaction time and temperature on the thermal behaviour of the ammonolysis reaction system.
    keywords: concentration; dimethylurea; min; process; reaction; stability; temperature; thermodynamics; time
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        item: #920 of 7527
          id: cet-11054
      author: None
       title: cet-11054
        date: 2020-08-12
       words: 3520
      flesch: 48
     summary: Kuljiraseth J., Wangriya A., Malones J.M.C., Klysubun W., Jitkarnka S., 2019, Synthesis and characterization of AMO LDH-derived mixed oxides with various Mg/Al ratios as acid–basic catalysts for esterification of benzoic acid with 2-ethylhexanol, Applied Catalysis B: Environmental, 243, 415-427. Mazarío J., Concepción P., Ventura M., Domine M.E., 2020, Continuous catalytic process for the selective dehydration of glycerol over Cu-based mixed oxide, Journal of Catalysis, 385, 160-175. Requies et al. (2012) studied Cu catalysts supported on ZrO2 and ZrO2 modified with CeO2 for the production of butanal from 1-butanol, and they found that the copper loading had a strong influence on increasing the butanal yield.
    keywords: butanol; butyl; butyl butyrate; butyrate; catalyst; conversion; cu0.3mg1.7alo; reduced; sites
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        item: #921 of 7527
          id: cet-11055
      author: None
       title: cet-11055
        date: 2020-08-12
       words: 3389
      flesch: 53
     summary: Xu G., Papageorgiou L.G., 2009, A mixed integer optimisation model for data classification, Computers & Industrial Engineering, 56, 1205-1215. In ML, prediction models are calibrated to fit a set of training data.
    keywords: data; employability; hyperbox; 𝑀(1
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        item: #922 of 7527
          id: cet-11056
      author: None
       title: cet-11056
        date: 2020-08-12
       words: 3490
      flesch: 55
     summary: High economic activity regions also tend to have low travel intensity, and vice versa. High economic activity regions tend to have low travel intensity, and vice versa.
    keywords: analysis; average; car; decomposition; energy; flow; regions; traffic; travel
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        item: #923 of 7527
          id: cet-11057
      author: None
       title: cet-11057
        date: 2020-08-12
       words: 3603
      flesch: 46
     summary: Estimation of future waste production and treatment is a fundamental prerequisite for adjustments in waste management. Introduction The current state of waste management in the EU is at different levels depending on the individual countries' development.
    keywords: management; msw; production; regression; treatment; variables; waste; waste management
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        item: #924 of 7527
          id: cet-11058
      author: None
       title: cet-11058
        date: 2020-08-12
       words: 3789
      flesch: 48
     summary: The presented simple model demonstrates the choice possibility of conference venue location from an environmental point of view, where only air transport is considered. This network of airports and respective distances between them can be used for the calculation of optimal conference location.
    keywords: conference; cost; data; distance; impact; location; model; number; participants; transport; venue
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        item: #925 of 7527
          id: cet-11059
      author: None
       title: cet-11059
        date: 2020-08-12
       words: 2882
      flesch: 50
     summary: A case with uniform pore topology was conducted to analyze the wall temperature and transpiration cooling efficiency. With the generated topology, pore-scale modelling of transpiration cooling in a T-junction was carried out.
    keywords: cell; cell foam; cooling; figure; foam; heat; pore; porosity; topology; transpiration
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        item: #926 of 7527
          id: cet-1106
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - CET--006.docx
        date: 2017-07-25
       words: 3782
      flesch: 47
     summary: According to the use, it can be divided into wood structure, concrete structure, reinforced concrete structure, steel structure fire protection and other types of materials. The corresponding fire protection materials are coated or coated on the surface of steel members according to certain construction technology to form the test specimen after maintenance or conditioning (Christke, et al., 2016), then, it will carried out refractory experimental after being put in the specified experimental condition, which can obtain the fire resistance of the test specimen, known as fire resistance of steel structure fire protection materials.
    keywords: coating; fire; fire protection; fire resistance; protection; resistance; steel; steel structure; structure; structure fire
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        item: #927 of 7527
          id: cet-11060
      author: None
       title: cet-11060
        date: 2020-08-12
       words: 2766
      flesch: 45
     summary: In addition, molecular dynamics simulation (MD) is used to explain the excellent effect of DES as extractant in extractive distillation of ethanol-water system. Figure 1: Flowsheet of DES pretreatment lignocellulose to produce biofuel ethanol Table 1: The common operation parameters of two columns Operation parameters T01 T02 Number of Stages 10 30 Feed Stages 5 14(DES), 3 Column Top Temperature, °C 25.06 -18.14 Column Top Pressure, MPa 0.1 0.1 Column Top Heat duty, kW -52.75 -18.61 Column Bottom Heat duty, kW 53.46 23.51 Column Bottom Temperature, °C 350.94 138.04 Reflux Ratio (mole) 2.96 4 710 Process simulation results
    keywords: des; dynamics; ethanol; interaction; lignocellulose; pretreatment; process; results; simulation; water
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        item: #928 of 7527
          id: cet-11061
      author: None
       title: cet-11061
        date: 2020-08-12
       words: 3126
      flesch: 38
     summary: Figure 4: Annualized CAPEX and OPEX breakdowns of process designs of the optimal solutions Figure 5: ReCiPe points breakdowns of process designs of the optimal points Figure 6: Process design of waste HDPE recycling process corresponding to good-choice solution B Superstructure Description The proposed superstructure of the HDPE chemical recycling process is given in Figure 1. Figure 1: Detailed superstructure of waste HDPE recycling process The waste HDPE needs to be collected and granulated into smaller particles in the HDPE preprocessing section.
    keywords: design; environmental; hdpe; optimization; process; recycling; section; superstructure; waste
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        item: #929 of 7527
          id: cet-11062
      author: None
       title: cet-11062
        date: 2020-08-12
       words: 3763
      flesch: 48
     summary: A simulation of greenhouse temperature control based on real weather data demonstrates better control performance of DDRMPC comparing to other conventional methods. Gruber J. K., Guzman J. L., Rodriguez F., Bordons C., Berenguel M., Sanchez J. A., 2011, Nonlinear MPC based on a Volterra series model for greenhouse temperature control using natural ventilation, Control Engineering Practice, 19(4), 354-366.
    keywords: control; data; ddrmpc; greenhouse; model; optimization; temperature; uncertainty
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        item: #930 of 7527
          id: cet-11063
      author: None
       title: cet-11063
        date: 2020-08-12
       words: 3746
      flesch: 47
     summary: In other words, these studies only focused on analysing the lumped parameters of exergy flows but ignored the exploration of spatially distributed exergy parameters in flow fields inside the equipment. In principle, the distribution of exergy flow inside equipment can be investigated by combining exergy analysis and computational fluid dynamics (CFD)-based modelling.
    keywords: air; chemical; exergy; flow; flux; heat; mass; optimisation; variables; water
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        item: #931 of 7527
          id: cet-11064
      author: None
       title: cet-11064
        date: 2020-08-12
       words: 3172
      flesch: 37
     summary: Water networks with higher second stage regeneration concentration have lower regeneration cost. First stage regeneration concentration is higher c. Second stage regeneration concentration is higher Figure 1: Three cases of parallel structure 3.
    keywords: concentration; line; regeneration; stage; water
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        item: #932 of 7527
          id: cet-11066
      author: None
       title: cet-11066
        date: 2020-08-12
       words: 3306
      flesch: 42
     summary: The approach was shown on the example of sludge management in the CZ. 4. Conclusion The paper presented the specific part of a complex approach, which is focused on modelling sludge flow using data available in CZ.
    keywords: flow; management; micro; model; sludge; treatment; waste
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        item: #933 of 7527
          id: cet-11069
      author: None
       title: cet-11069
        date: 2020-08-12
       words: 4297
      flesch: 49
     summary: To realise such recycling's full potential, a suitable system for waste cooking oil collection and processing, especially that originated from households, has to be established. One of them is the management of waste cooking oils and fats originated from households.
    keywords: collection; cooking; czech; et al; fat; management; oil; oils; production; research; waste; waste cooking
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        item: #934 of 7527
          id: cet-1107
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - CET--006.docx
        date: 2017-07-25
       words: 3102
      flesch: 43
     summary: As a major application of solar photovoltaic power generation, large-scale photovoltaic power stations mainly concentrate in the northwest desert and dusty areas where the solar radiation is better (Saidan, et al., 2016). Saidan M., Albaali A.G., Alasis E., Kaldellis J.K. 2016, Experimental study on the effect of dust deposition on solar photovoltaic panels in desert environment.
    keywords: efficiency; fouling; generation; generation efficiency; panel; photovoltaic; power; power generation
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        item: #935 of 7527
          id: cet-11070
      author: None
       title: cet-11070
        date: 2020-08-12
       words: 2717
      flesch: 51
     summary: 𝑖𝑛𝑡 × 𝑠𝑡𝑟 𝑖 (1) Where ∆HHe is the change in household energy consumption; pop refers to population; inc refers to household income per capita; int refers to household energy intensity; and str refers to the household energy use structure, i.e. the breakdown of energy use into components such as electricity use, direct use for transport (private), indirect use transport (public), and other miscellaneuos fuel use. The results are used to identify priority areas for electricity management and to draw insights for curbing household energy use.
    keywords: city; consumption; decomposition; electricity; energy; household; manila; philippines; transport; use
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        item: #936 of 7527
          id: cet-11071
      author: None
       title: cet-11071
        date: 2020-08-12
       words: 3144
      flesch: 47
     summary: By referring to Figure 1, Germany generated the highest amount of biowaste, and the emitted CO2 of waste treatment is higher than the average of the EU. <download.data.public.lu/resources/gestion-des-dechets-et-ressources-dechets-municipaux/20180206- 103118/SMA-2015-Bericht-3.pdf> accessed 12.3.2020 (in German) Boer E., Jędrczak A., Kowalski Z., Kulczycka J., Szpadt R., 2010, A review of municipal solid waste composition and quantities in Poland, Waste Management, 30, 3, 369-377.
    keywords: biowaste; co2; emission; eu-27; mmsw; potential; reduction; treatment; waste
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        item: #937 of 7527
          id: cet-11072
      author: None
       title: cet-11072
        date: 2020-08-12
       words: 3589
      flesch: 42
     summary: It is known that Fe3O4 nanoparticles affect the rate of TMP oxidation, catalyzing this reaction, since they have a peroxidase-like effect due to iron atoms on their surface, which first form an intermediate complex with a substrate before catalysis (Yu et al., 2009). Palacio et al. (2020) achieved 90 % and 99 % conversion using 2,3,3-trimethylphenol 15 % phosphomolybdic acid and 15 % vanadophosphomolybdic acid on TiO2 matrix as oxidation catalysts.
    keywords: biocatalyst; hrp; nanoparticles; oxidation; reaction; tmp
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        item: #938 of 7527
          id: cet-11073
      author: None
       title: cet-11073
        date: 2020-08-12
       words: 3109
      flesch: 40
     summary: The aim of this work is the synthesis and investigation of novel effective biocatalyst based on the glucose oxidase immobilized on sodium alginate microspheres. The developed biocatalyst has higher activity in phenol oxidation in comparison with the analogues.
    keywords: activity; alginate; biocatalyst; chlorophenol; glucose; microspheres; oxidation; phenol; sodium
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        item: #939 of 7527
          id: cet-11078
      author: None
       title: cet-11078
        date: 2020-08-12
       words: 4084
      flesch: 51
     summary: Hallale and Fraser (2000), using PT for MI, were the first to include capital cost targets and detailed column models into the network synthesis, however the approach cannot account for capital and MSA costs simultaneously. (2018) considered the impact of including detailed column models into the network optimisation.
    keywords: column; correction; mass; minlp; model; network; optimisation; package; short; solution; synthesis
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        item: #940 of 7527
          id: cet-11079
      author: None
       title: cet-11079
        date: 2020-08-12
       words: 3742
      flesch: 70
     summary:  J J J  (k, k, l, l) KL (23) ( ) ( ), ,, , , , , , , , , , , , , ', , , 1 1 k l k lk l k l k l k l k l j k l j k l j k l k l j k l j j jj T T w CT H x H y               +  + + Objective ( ) , , , , , , , , , , , , , [ ] k l j k k l j k l j k l j k l j k l j k l j j k l k l j k l z w PC MS ES EO z      =   +  + +   
    keywords: energy; j j; j k; j n; k k; k l; l j; n n
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        item: #941 of 7527
          id: cet-1108
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - CET--006.docx
        date: 2017-07-25
       words: 3261
      flesch: 46
     summary: Reference Cirillo L., Corte A.D., Nardini S., 2016, Feasibility study of solar cooling thermally driven system configurations for an office building in Mediterranean area, International Journal of Heat and Technology, 34(S2), S472- S480, DOI: 10.18280/ijht.34Sp0240 251 Cummings C.Y., Zoppi G., Forbes I., Colombara D., Peter L.M., Marken F., 2012, Rocking disc electro- deposition of CuIn alloys, selenisation, and pinhole effect minimisation in CISe solar absorber layers, Electrochimica Acta, 79, 4,141-147, DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2012.06.095 Gubur H.M., Septekin F., Alpdogan S., 2015, CdSe nanowires grown by using chemical bath deposition, Journal of the Korean Physical Society, 67, 7, 1222-1227, DOI: 10.3938/jkps.67.1222 Iraj M., Nayeri F.D., Asl-Soleimani E., Narimani K., 2016, Controlled growth of vertically aligned TiO2 nanorod arrays using the improved hydrothermal method and their application to dye-sensitized solar cells, Journal of Alloys & Compounds, 659, 44-50, DOI: 10.1016/j.jallcom.2015.11.004 Kim D. I., Nam S.-H., Hwang K.-H., Lee Y.-M., Boo J.-H., 2016, Glass texturing affects optical properties of perovskite solar cells: comparison study between mesoscopic and planar structure, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 52, 367-372, DOI: 10.3303/CET1652062 Mahato S., Shakti N., Kar A.K., 2015, Annealing temperature dependent structural and optical properties of electrodeposited CdSe thin films, Materials Science in Semiconductor Processing, 39, 742-747, DOI: 10.1016/j.mssp.2015.06.019 Meng Z.D., Zhu L., Ye S., Sun Q., Ullah K., Cho K.Y., Oh W.C., 2013, Fullerene modification CdSe/TiO2 and modification of photocatalytic activity under visible light, Nanoscale research letters, 8, 1, 189, DOI: Since CdSe conduction band (CB) was relatively correct than the conduction band (CB) of TiO2.
    keywords: annealing; band; cdse; diffraction; film; heterojunction; photoelectric; tio2
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        item: #942 of 7527
          id: cet-11082
      author: None
       title: cet-11082
        date: 2020-08-12
       words: 3776
      flesch: 46
     summary: Parameter value ranges are defined arbitrarily through trial and error (Campione et al, 2018) with detrimental effects on estimation quality and computational effort (Ortiz et al., 2005). ≤ 𝜀𝑈(t) (8) 843 The objective function depicts the changes of the performance indicators of the ED system, caused by changes in parameter values between the upper and lower limits as set above, compared to the experimental data points.
    keywords: et al; parameters; − 𝐶𝑑𝑖𝑙; 𝐶𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑐; 𝐶𝑑𝑖𝑙 𝐶𝐸𝑀; 𝐷𝐴𝐸𝑀; 𝐷𝐶𝐸𝑀; 𝐸𝑒𝑙; 𝑉𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑝
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        item: #943 of 7527
          id: cet-11084
      author: None
       title: cet-11084
        date: 2020-08-12
       words: 3078
      flesch: 55
     summary: C, wt% H, wt% N, wt% S, wt% TOC, wt% Oil shale 25.8 2.5 0.1 1.7 20.6 TOC – calculated based on total carbon content and inorganic carbon content 2.2 Semi-coke preparation Semi-coke samples were prepared by pyrolysing oil shale under different conditions in an electrically heated batch reactor (Figure 1). The conventional use of oil shale results in a vast amount of carbon dioxide emissions urging to find alternative ways for sustainable utilisation of oil shale and develop new technologies.
    keywords: co2; oil; pore; semi; shale; surface
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        item: #944 of 7527
          id: cet-11085
      author: None
       title: cet-11085
        date: 2020-08-12
       words: 3677
      flesch: 47
     summary: The numerous contributions on systems resilience are related to a wide range of applications, however, there is no general uniform framework for resilience evaluation. Since systems resilience has no general definition, there are a large number of different specific definitions for the different areas of applications.
    keywords: failures; process; processing; production; resilience; system; units
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        item: #945 of 7527
          id: cet-11086
      author: None
       title: cet-11086
        date: 2020-08-12
       words: 3690
      flesch: 52
     summary: Prokop R., Matušů R., Vojtesek J., 2019, Robust control of continuous stirred tank reactor with jacket cooling, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 76, 787-792. Nguyen N. A., Olaru S., Rodríguez-Ayerbe P., Kvasnica M., 2017, Convex liftings based robust control design, Automatica, 77, 206-213.
    keywords: control; lifting; multiple; rpi; set; system; time; variable
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        item: #946 of 7527
          id: cet-11088
      author: None
       title: cet-11088
        date: 2020-08-12
       words: 3804
      flesch: 43
     summary: Increased expenses of waste producer 2 will be then compensated by waste producers 1 and 3 from the money they spared, because even with such compensation their costs will be less, than in a case with absence of cooperation. One waste collection company works with waste producers 1 and 2, while another company works with waste producer 3.
    keywords: coalitional; cooperation; costs; game; problem; producers; theory; treatment; waste
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        item: #947 of 7527
          id: cet-11089
      author: None
       title: cet-11089
        date: 2020-08-12
       words: 3003
      flesch: 41
     summary: Shi X., Xiang Y., Wen L.X., Chen J.F., 2013, CFD analysis of liquid phase flow in a rotating packed bed reactor, Chemical Engineering Journal, 228, 1040-1049. An accurate RPB CFD model should include a turbulence model that is capable of capturing the complex turbulence flow characteristics, a proper implementation of a two phase flow model being able to describe the phases interaction and finally, a precise model of the RPB packing zone in order to model with accuracy the pressure drop inside the RPB core.
    keywords: cfd; drop; engineering; flow; fluid; liquid; model; phase; pressure; rpb
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        item: #948 of 7527
          id: cet-1109
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - CET--006.docx
        date: 2017-07-25
       words: 3153
      flesch: 48
     summary: Zhao Chao (2013) use the KH570 silane coupling agent to treat HNTs particles, and the results of thermogravimetric analysis (TG) were 1.06 mmol/g. Liu Mingxian (2015) modified HNTs with 3-glycidyl ether propyl trimethoxysilane and compounded it with epoxy resin. 3. Results and discussion 3.1 FTIR analysis of modified HNTs with different methods The infrared spectra of HNTs and modified HNTs are shown in Figure 1. Figure 1: The FR-IR image of the HNTs and modified HNTs It can be seen from Figure 1 that the peak near 3700-3600 cm-1 is the characteristic peak of HNTs.
    keywords: chemical; composites; figure; hnts; modification; particles; polyurethane; surface; water; wpu
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        item: #949 of 7527
          id: cet-11090
      author: None
       title: cet-11090
        date: 2020-08-12
       words: 3053
      flesch: 47
     summary: Figure 3: Hourly generated wind power for (a) August and (b) February 3.2 Coupling with Power-to-Gas process The PEM electrolysis process and CO2 methanation dynamic models were combined to simulate the production of hydrogen and SNG based on available power at the wind farm output. Figure 4: Simulation of (a) hydrogen and (b) SNG production from wind power for chosen periods
    keywords: gas; model; power; process; production; system; wind
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        item: #950 of 7527
          id: cet-11093
      author: None
       title: cet-11093
        date: 2020-08-12
       words: 3565
      flesch: 56
     summary: To summarise, the prediction error, R2, RMSE, MAE and other details indicate that the performance of NIR models could be improved by using fake labelled samples generated by the proposed method. Studies performed to address the lack of labelled samples are limited despite the wealth of research on modelling algorithms (Li and Chu, 2018).
    keywords: gan; gasoline; jit; nir; pls; samples; svr
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        item: #951 of 7527
          id: cet-11094
      author: None
       title: cet-11094
        date: 2020-08-12
       words: 3048
      flesch: 47
     summary: In this paper, f (𝛾) can be written as the difference between temperature integrated in region of illusion heat source and real heat source: f(γ)=A1 Compared with the traditional methods, the new design method is suited for more flexible shapes and distances of artificial heat sources, and has a better adaptability in the broad field of heat flux manipulation.
    keywords: device; flux; heat; illusion; inclusion; method; optimization; source
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        item: #952 of 7527
          id: cet-11095
      author: None
       title: cet-11095
        date: 2020-08-12
       words: 3067
      flesch: 57
     summary: Guo C., Xu Y., Guo H., Zhang X., Lin X., Wang L., Zhang Y., Chen H., 2019, Comprehensive exergy analysis of the dynamic process of compressed air energy storage system with low-temperature thermal energy storage, Applied Thermal Engineering, 147, 684–693. Han Z., Sun Y., Li P., 2020, Research on energy storage operation modes in a cooling, heating and power system based on advanced adiabatic compressed air energy storage, Energy Conversion and Management, 208. The feasibility of using CAES system to integrate fluctuating renewable power with the electricity grid systems has been proven (Jin et al., 2019).
    keywords: air; caes; energy; pressure; stage; storage; system
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        item: #953 of 7527
          id: cet-11096
      author: None
       title: cet-11096
        date: 2020-08-12
       words: 3503
      flesch: 44
     summary: 928 It was shown that the activity of catalysts will remain at a sufficiently high level (methane conversion degree (СН4) = 80 – 90 %) if the oxidation of methane and other substances proceeds at temperatures no higher than 973 – 1,000 K, when significant amounts of Ni and Co aluminates are not formed in the composition of catalyst. The aim of this work is to create catalysts for the purification of gases that do not contain noble metals.
    keywords: al2o3; catalyst; conversion; ni cu; oxides; oxygen; temperature; toluene
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        item: #954 of 7527
          id: cet-11097
      author: None
       title: cet-11097
        date: 2020-08-12
       words: 3609
      flesch: 52
     summary: Models and methods 2.1 Process description The process is simulated using Aspen Plus to study the parametric impact on tar removal efficiency while considering the energy consumption. An oil-based gas washing process (OLGA), combining a collector with an absorber and a stripper, is one of the most adapted processes for tar removal.
    keywords: biomass; content; flow; gas; oil; removal; tar; temperature
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        item: #955 of 7527
          id: cet-11098
      author: None
       title: cet-11098
        date: 2020-08-12
       words: 3219
      flesch: 52
     summary: If there is flexibility for data sampling or data quantity, the use of an alternative data-driven method such as principal component analysis statistical process optimization (Teng et al., 2019a), Monte-Carlo simulation (Ngan et al., 2020), or adaptive analytical approaches (Leong et al., 2019) can be deployed. Deep learning approaches can also be used to effectively process important industrial data for modelling and optimization (Teng et al., 2019c).
    keywords: chp; data; framework; learning; manufacturing; model; modelling; process; shot; unit
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        item: #956 of 7527
          id: cet-11099
      author: None
       title: cet-11099
        date: 2020-08-12
       words: 3649
      flesch: 43
     summary: An automated application has been developed for managing and analysis the operation of solar hot water systems in the permafrost regions of Russia, which uses internal and external heterogeneous communication. Figure 1: Mnemonic diagram of hardware-software application for field studies of solar hot water supply systems of the residential house in 3 Komsomolsayai Street in the city of Yakutsk
    keywords: analysis; application; boiler; collectors; consumption; data; energy; gas; system; water
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        item: #957 of 7527
          id: cet-111
      author: TW
       title: cet-111
        date: 2017-10-04
       words: 3207
      flesch: 39
     summary: Then, the formation of industrial symbiosis system is constructed. 1. Introduction Industrial ecology (IE) considers principles of biological ecosystems when designing and redesigning industrial systems to create more efficient interactions both within industrial systems and between industrial natural systems (Lombardi and Laybourn, 2012).
    keywords: attributes; china; eco; isn; journal; network; production; stability; symbiosis; system
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        item: #958 of 7527
          id: cet-1110
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - CET--006.docx
        date: 2017-07-25
       words: 3586
      flesch: 47
     summary: The technical difficulty of fuel cell vehicles is high. Fuel cell systems are widely believed to have broad prospects for their high efficiency and near zero emissions.
    keywords: bus; canopen; cell; communication; control; energy; fuel; fuel cell; network; system; technology; vehicle
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        item: #959 of 7527
          id: cet-11100
      author: None
       title: cet-11100
        date: 2020-08-12
       words: 3774
      flesch: 46
     summary: This work aims to optimise the heating, cooling and power energy system of an industrial TS or LIES, as shown in Figure 1. The extension of the Pinch Methodology to power systems analysis recently emerged and is now rapidly developing.
    keywords: electricity; energy; generation; heat; heating; integration; kwh; power; system
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        item: #960 of 7527
          id: cet-11101
      author: None
       title: cet-11101
        date: 2020-08-12
       words: 4277
      flesch: 46
     summary: Several studies have been performed regarding sewage sludge pyrolysis (Syed-Hassan et al., 2017), including thermo-gravimetric studies (Magdziarz and Werle, 2014), studies regarding kinetic behavior of sludge (Naqvi et al., 2018), product characterization (Tang et al., 2018), and studies on the integration of pyrolysis with other thermo-chemical processes, such as microwave heating (Zaker et al., 2019) and drying (Ledakowicz et al., DOI: 10.3303/CET2081160 Paper Received: 07/05/2020; Revised: 20/05/2020; Accepted: 27/05/2020 Please cite this article as: Petrovič A., Vohl S., Čuček L., Bedoić R., Simonič M., Ban I., 2020, Thermo-gravimetric Analysis of Solid Fraction of Digestate Obtained by Rumen Fluid-Enhanced Anaerobic Co-Digestion of Sewage Sludge and Cattail, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 81, 955-960 DOI:10.3303/CET2081160 955 2019). A publication of The Italian Association of Chemical Engineering Online at www.cetjournal.it Guest Editors: Petar S. Varbanov, Qiuwang Wang, Min Zeng, Panos Seferlis, Ting Ma, Jiří J. Klemeš Copyright © 2020, AIDIC Servizi S.r.l. ISBN 978-88-95608-79-2; ISSN 2283-9216 Thermo-Gravimetric Analysis of Solid Fraction of Digestate Obtained by Rumen Fluid-Enhanced Anaerobic Co-Digestion of Sewage Sludge and Cattail Aleksandra Petroviča,*, Sabina Vohla, Lidija Čučeka, Robert Bedoićb, Marjana Simoniča, Irena Bana aFaculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Maribor, Maribor, Slovenia bFaculty of Mechanical Engineering and Naval Architecture, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia aleksandra.petrovic@um.si In this study, thermo-gravimetric analysis (TGA) of the solid fraction of digestate from rumen fluid-enhanced anaerobic co-digestion of sewage sludge and cattail (grass Typha latifolia) was performed.
    keywords: analysis; digestate; kinetic; pyrolysis; sewage; sludge; wt.%
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        item: #961 of 7527
          id: cet-11102
      author: None
       title: cet-11102
        date: 2020-08-12
       words: 4138
      flesch: 62
     summary: For the surface area analysis, approximately 0.5-1 g of oil shale was placed into a sample vial and degassed at 140 °C for 24 h. The isotherms of oil shale fractions were obtained by recording altogether eighty nitrogen adsorption and desorption data points at relative pressures (P/P0) from 0.025-0.995. Shale oil is a liquid fuel produced from oil shale and obtained by thermal decomposition of the organic part of oil shale and condensation of oil vapours.
    keywords: area; fractions; oil; oil shale; shale; ssa; surface
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        item: #962 of 7527
          id: cet-11103
      author: None
       title: cet-11103
        date: 2020-08-12
       words: 4282
      flesch: 58
     summary: The results showed that oil shale ash samples should not be considered as hazardous regarding HP14 – the resulting summed concentrations remained around ten times under the limit values for all four different calculation methods. A publication of The Italian Association of Chemical Engineering Online at www.cetjournal.it Guest Editors: Petar S. Varbanov, Qiuwang Wang, Min Zeng, Panos Seferlis, Ting Ma, Jiří J. Klemeš Copyright © 2020, AIDIC Servizi S.r.l. ISBN 978-88-95608-79-2; ISSN 2283-9216 Computational Results of the Ecotoxic Analysis of Fly and Bottom Ash from Oil Shale Power Plants and Shale Oil Production Facilities Heidi Lees, Oliver Järvik, Alar Konist, Andres Siirde, Birgit Maaten* Department of Energy Technology, Tallinn University of Technology, Ehitajate tee 5, Tallinn, 19086, Estonia birgit.maaten@taltech.ee In Estonia, oil shale ash was considered as hazardous waste until the end of 2019 mainly due to its high content of calcium oxide.
    keywords: ash; european; methods; oil; oil shale; samples; shale; waste
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        item: #963 of 7527
          id: cet-11105
      author: None
       title: cet-11105
        date: 2020-08-12
       words: 3189
      flesch: 47
     summary: As an effective means of water conservation and wastewater minimisation, Process Integration (PI) is widely used in the design and optimisation of water networks (Foo, 2009). The stability of water networks has also been studied.
    keywords: case; cost; inoperability; network; plants; regeneration; supply; system; unit; water
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        item: #964 of 7527
          id: cet-11106
      author: None
       title: cet-11106
        date: 2020-08-12
       words: 3240
      flesch: 49
     summary: For the companies, the selection of water saving projects should consider the economic constraints and the benefit of these projects. Next, based on the results of cost-benefit analysis, the selection process of water saving projects is visualized graphically.
    keywords: analysis; conservation; cost; investment; project; saving; subsidy; water; wcps
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        item: #965 of 7527
          id: cet-1111
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - CET--006.docx
        date: 2017-07-25
       words: 2672
      flesch: 38
     summary: A set of control system based on PC and PLC is designed according to the functional requirements of magnesium alloy furnace temperature control system. In this paper, the research and development of magnesium alloy furnace temperature control system mainly completed the following work: Reference Cortés J.A., Sanz A., Estopiñán P., García J.I., 2016, March, Performance assessment of OFDM-based narrowband PLC for advanced metering infrastructure.
    keywords: alloy; control; control system; furnace; magnesium; system; temperature; temperature control
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        item: #966 of 7527
          id: cet-11111
      author: None
       title: cet-11111
        date: 2020-08-12
       words: 3201
      flesch: 50
     summary: -3.5 -3.5 CO2 capture plant (MWe) - -6.7 CO2 conditioning plant (MWe) - -18.3 Net Power output (MWe) 120.3 63.1 Total energy in H2 product compared Total Energy Input (%) 61.9 61.9 Total energy in H2 and electricity produced compared Total Energy Input (%) 73.8 68.2 Emissions (kgCO2/Nm3H2) 0.994 0.100 3.2 Cost performances The techno-economic performances resulting of the chain assessment are presented in Table 3 in a semi- detailed” way. Table 3: Semi-detailed breakdowns of H2 production cost and CO2 avoidance cost of the H2 production plant with and without CCS H 2 production without CCS H 2 production with CCS H 2 production cost H 2 production cost CO 2 avoidance cost c€/Nm 3 % c€/Nm 3 % €/tCO2,avoided % H 2 plant 12.20 100 11.94 66.1 CAPEX 3.49 28.6 3.31 18.3 Fixed OPEX 1.43 11.7 1.38 7.6 Fuel cost 10.46 85.7 10.46 57.9 Electricity sale -3.31 -27.1 -3.31 -18.3 Make-up water 0.07 0.6 0.05 0.3 Chemical and catalyst 0.06 0.5 0.06 0.3 CO2 capture and conditioning 3.59 19.9 37.8 56.8 CAPEX Absorber section 0.69 3.8 7.8 11.7 CAPEX Regeneration section 0.41 2.3 4.6 7.0 CAPEX conditioning section 0.26 1.4 2.9 4.4 Fixed OPEX 0.42 2.3 4.8 7.2 Energy penalty linked to capture 1.07 5.9 10.2 15.3 Energy penalty linked to conditioning 0.50 2.8 4.8 7.2 Make-up water 0.03 0.2 0.4 0.5 MEA make-up 0.16 0.9 1.8 2.8 MEA sludge disposal 0.05 0.3 0.5 0.8 CO2 pipeline 1.00 5.5 11.3 17.0 CAPEX Material cost 0.15 0.8 1.7 2.6 CAPEX Labour cost 0.38 2.1 4.3 6.5 CAPEX
    keywords: capture; ccs; co2; cost; gas; hydrogen; plant; production; storage
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        item: #967 of 7527
          id: cet-11112
      author: None
       title: cet-11112
        date: 2020-08-12
       words: 3192
      flesch: 49
     summary: The possibility of extracting tin from the waste of printed circuit boards of mobile phones using hydrochloric acid is shown. It is also necessary to take into account that the content of tin and other elements in the waste of printed circuit boards of mobile phones is much higher than in mineral ore (Wansi et al., 2017), and the secondary processing of these metals saves a large amount of energy and reduces the emission of CO2 into the atmosphere.
    keywords: boards; circuit; metals; methods; processing; smartphones; solution; tin; waste
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        item: #968 of 7527
          id: cet-11113
      author: None
       title: cet-11113
        date: 2020-08-12
       words: 4364
      flesch: 55
     summary: 1.1 Aim/Novelty In this study, this assessment of the relationship between process synthesis and simultaneous heat integration was extended by studying various trade-offs, while performing process synthesis/optimisation and simultaneously considering both power integration and heat integration. This observation was made for processes with recycling steps performing heat integration within the recycle loops.
    keywords: bar f; heat; integration; kmol
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        item: #969 of 7527
          id: cet-11114
      author: None
       title: cet-11114
        date: 2020-08-12
       words: 3592
      flesch: 48
     summary: Tovazhnyanskyy L.L., Kapustenko P.O., Nagorna O.G., Perevertaylenko O.Y., 2004, The simulation of multicomponent mixtures condensation in plate condensers, Heat transfer Engineering, 25(5), 16-22. By the first approach, the heat- and mass transfer coefficients are calculated by the analogy of heat and mass transfer with the use of correlations for heat transfer in single-phase flow inside the investigated channel.
    keywords: air; channel; condensation; flow; heat; mass; mixture; steam; transfer
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        item: #970 of 7527
          id: cet-11115
      author: None
       title: cet-11115
        date: 2020-08-12
       words: 3767
      flesch: 40
     summary: We conclude that the transition to renewable energy production is sustainable and economically feasible in the long-term. Corn and wheat grain are used for production of food; corn stover, wheat straw, miscanthus, forest residue, algae oil and waste cooking oil are biomass and waste sources for the manufacture of bioproducts; and solar, wind and geothermal sources for electricity production.
    keywords: diesel; electricity; energy; production; share; supply; transition; wind; year
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        item: #971 of 7527
          id: cet-11116
      author: None
       title: cet-11116
        date: 2020-08-12
       words: 4252
      flesch: 42
     summary: Yassin et al. (2009) studied the technical and economic performance of the fluidized bed combustion and gasification processes for obtaining electrical energy from MSW. Inayat A., Ahmad M.M., Mutalib M.I.A., Yusup S., 2011, Heat integration analysis of gasification process for hydrogen production from oil palm empty fruit bunch, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 25, 971–976.
    keywords: carbonization; energy; et al; gasification; htc; hydrochar; msw; process; temperature; waste
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        item: #972 of 7527
          id: cet-11117
      author: None
       title: cet-11117
        date: 2020-08-12
       words: 2718
      flesch: 49
     summary: However, if 6:1 methanol to oil ratio and 60 min reaction time were used it will give us 71 % as the highest yield, which can be considered as low yield compared to the % of biodiesel yield obtained when 0.5 wt% and 1 wt% catalyst were used. Neem seeds are a very abundant type of biomass available in United Arab Emirate, and it contains a good amount of oil that can be extracted easily from it to use it in many applications like biodiesel production.
    keywords: biodiesel; catalyst; methanol; oil; production; reaction; time
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        item: #973 of 7527
          id: cet-11118
      author: None
       title: cet-11118
        date: 2020-08-12
       words: 4668
      flesch: 47
     summary: At the temperatures  650 °C the oxide-similar W compounds are formed together with preserving the fragments of HPA structure. The initial structure of H4SiW12O40 HPA was studied by a combination of physical and chemical methods.
    keywords: air; catalysts; gas; hpa; oxygen; structure; temperature; tpr
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        item: #974 of 7527
          id: cet-1112
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - CET--006.docx
        date: 2017-07-25
       words: 3190
      flesch: 43
     summary: 59, 2017 A publication of The Italian Association of Chemical Engineering Online at www.aidic.it/cet Guest Editors: Zhuo Yang, Junjie Ba, Jing Pan Copyright © 2017, AIDIC Servizi S.r.l. ISBN 978-88-95608- 49-5; ISSN 2283-9216 Imaging Evaluation and Chemical Composition Analysis of Calcified Mingzhu Lia*, Jiahang Hub, Hongliang Panb, Jing Taob a Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang 157011, China b Mudanjiang Medical University Hongqi Hospital, Mudanjiang 157011, China dfmingzhu000@163.com At present, mammography is the most accurate imaging method to detect breast calcification. Breast calcification can be divided into two types.
    keywords: benign; breast; breast lesions; calcification; cancer; cases; chemical; distribution; lesions
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        item: #975 of 7527
          id: cet-11120
      author: None
       title: cet-11120
        date: 2020-08-12
       words: 3568
      flesch: 46
     summary: Faridi H., Arabhosseini A., 2018, Application of eggshell wastes as valuable and utilizable products: A review, Research in Agricultural Engineering, 64, 104–114. Results showed that while leaching and membrane separation did not affect calcination temperature, residual ash from the membrane left impurities in the unseparated shells after calcination.
    keywords: caco3; calcination; cao; eggshells; leaching; membrane; min; production; samples; south; waste
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        item: #976 of 7527
          id: cet-11121
      author: None
       title: cet-11121
        date: 2020-08-12
       words: 3579
      flesch: 49
     summary: 1078 Figure 3: SEM micrographs of VMT samples: (a) NVMT (b) AVMT; (c) TEVMT at 100 μm; (d) TEVMT at 10 μm; (e) UVMT; and (f) (OVMT) 3.3. Figure 4: BET surface areas and average flake thickness of VMT samples The nanostructure nature of the UVMT and OVMT can be confirmed by estimating the average thickness of the VMT flakes from the BET specific surface area using Eq(1): . 2 BET A t
    keywords: clay; figure; modification; ovmt; solution; surface; treatment; uvmt; vmt; water
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        item: #977 of 7527
          id: cet-11122
      author: None
       title: cet-11122
        date: 2020-08-12
       words: 3864
      flesch: 46
     summary: The shift to the left side of MMT peak and the 1083 consequent increase of d001 gives an indication that there is an effective intercalation of the surfactants in modified clays. 4. Conclusions XRD, SEM, FT-IR and TGA studies confirmed the effective intercalation of the surfactants in modified clays.
    keywords: bentonite; chemical; clay; figure; organo; treatment; water
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        item: #978 of 7527
          id: cet-11125
      author: None
       title: cet-11125
        date: 2020-08-12
       words: 3531
      flesch: 45
     summary: Method and input datasets The modeling framework adopted in this study was based on the BeWhere Malaysia model (IIASA, 2020), integrated with the supply chain configuration for biomass co-firing. Furubayashi T., Nakata T., 2018, Cost and CO2 reduction of biomass co-firing using waste wood biomass in Tohoku region, Japan, Journal of Cleaner Production, 174, 1044–1053.
    keywords: biofuel; biomass; co2; coal; cost; emission; firing; production; scenario
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        item: #979 of 7527
          id: cet-11126
      author: None
       title: cet-11126
        date: 2020-08-12
       words: 3033
      flesch: 59
     summary: 311.49 26 dichloropropanol aqueous solution 319 353 171.72 30 the tower bottoms of hydrogen chloride absorber 383 384 1,563.17 33 the tower bottoms of fractionating tower 394 395 1,178.61 35 the tower bottoms of propylene absorber 400 401 1,504.78 39 the tower bottoms of propylene scrubber 365 366 50.01 40 water 363 418 16.13 Table 3: The results of exergy analysis method for epichlorohydrin unit Items △Tmin = 10 K △Tmin = 15 K △Tmin = 20 K Hot streams exergy / kW 4,811.63 4,631.73 4,449.20 Cold streams exergy / kW 4,234.98 4,331.42 4,426.63 Hot utilities exergy / kW 2,106.93 2,150.19 2,220.92 Cold utilities exergy / kW 1,591.43 1,624.66 1,680.17 Exergy loss / kW 1,875.90 1,885.90 1901.10 Exergy efficiency / % 61.01 59.28 57.27 Saving exergy / % 16.59 14.86 12.02 Table 4: The results of entransy analysis method for epichlorohydrin unit Items △Tmin = 10 K △Tmin = 15 K △Tmin = 20 K Hot streams entransy / kW·K 11,670,394 11,670,394 11,670,394 Cold streams entransy / kW·K 8,274,245 8,274,245 8,274,245 Hot utilities entransy / kW·K 3,277,686 3,357,630.23 3,489,182 Cold utilities entransy / kW·K 5,663,815 5,739,316.464 5,864,135 Entransy recovery / kW·K 4,996,559 4,916,614.77 4,785,063 Entransy dissipation / kW·K 1,010,020 1,014,462.766 1,021,196 Entransy transfer efficiency / cn The mathematical models for calculating the energy utilization efficiency of heat exchanger networks (HENs) based on entransy analysis method was built.
    keywords: analysis; efficiency; entransy; epichlorohydrin; exergy; heat; hens
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        item: #980 of 7527
          id: cet-11127
      author: None
       title: cet-11127
        date: 2020-08-12
       words: 4169
      flesch: 45
     summary: Alternatively, organic fecal wastes with high nutrient contents (nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K)), are often directly applied to croplands owing to their potential benefits in terms of soil fertility, contributing to the food-energy-water nexus considerations (Garcia et al., 2019). Similarly, the cases for SP and GA revolve around the processing of biochar and syngas (Zhang et al., 2014).
    keywords: biochar; cases; energy; processing; technologies; waste
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        item: #981 of 7527
          id: cet-11128
      author: None
       title: cet-11128
        date: 2020-08-12
       words: 4417
      flesch: 52
     summary: Annual net revenue is calculated based on the difference between the sum of bio-oil income, biochar income, electricity income and carbon tax income and the sum of capital cost, O&M cost, poultry litter transportation cost and bio-oil transportation cost along with a fixed biochar price of $100 / t and without consideration of the biochar transportation cost (You et al., 2012). In terms of fixed and variable costs, the capital cost, O&M cost, poultry litter transportation cost and bio-oil transportation cost account for 16.6 %, 59.8 %, 18.0 % and 5.6 % of the total costs in SP Scenario 1.
    keywords: biochar; biorefineries; biorefinery; cost; litter; oil; poultry; pyrolysis; scenario; transportation
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        item: #982 of 7527
          id: cet-11129
      author: None
       title: cet-11129
        date: 2020-08-12
       words: 4342
      flesch: 46
     summary: 3.2 Environmental impacts of battery recycling methods on second life The environmental impacts of battery recycling methods on second life are shown in Figure 1. The ability of battery second use strategies to impact plug-in electric vehicle prices and serve utility energy storage applications.
    keywords: battery; cycle; energy; environmental; libs; life; ncm; recipe; recycling; use
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        item: #983 of 7527
          id: cet-1113
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - CET--006.docx
        date: 2017-07-25
       words: 3503
      flesch: 38
     summary: Table 2: Fitting results with Power Law equation Temperature/C n Kpsu/Pa·s n R2 20 0.2831 0.5786 0.9831 30 0.2707 0.5576 0.9983 40 0.2538 0.5617 0.9984 50 0.2746 0.4558 0.9973 60 0.2652 0.4551 0.9839 70 0.2676 0.4310 0.9847 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 a p p a re n t v is c o si ty / m P a · s time/s 3610s -1 1855s -1 1006s -1 836s -1 0 12 24 36 48 60 72 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 su g a r c o n c e n tr a ti o n / m g · m L - 1 time/h 5% 10% 15% Figure 5: The time-dependent characteristic Figure 6: Sugar concentration change in enzyme of apparent viscosity hydrolysis process of different substrate concentrations 280 The time-dependent characteristic of apparent viscosity After determining the slurry apparent viscosity, the author discovers that suspension viscosity reduces with the extension of measuring time. Substrate concentration/% (mass) A B R 2 5 0.3504 0.7469 0.9405 10 0.3708 0.7978 0.9997 15 0.4559 0.8801 0.9966 3.1.3 The relationship between suspension apparent viscosity and the shear rate The addition of suspension inevitably changes the rheological properties.
    keywords: concentration; corn; enzyme; straw; substrate; suspension; temperature; viscosity
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        item: #984 of 7527
          id: cet-11130
      author: None
       title: cet-11130
        date: 2020-08-12
       words: 3320
      flesch: 50
     summary: In order to solve the high cost problem of coal gasification wastewater treatment, the Lurgi Gasifier gasification wastewater and existing treatment process are coupled with the solid oxide cells (SOCs) system to produce syngas. The cost of coal gasification wastewater treatment can be reduced by realizing the resource utilization of the wastewater treatment.
    keywords: coal; cost; gasification; oxide; process; soec; sofc; system; treatment; wastewater
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        item: #985 of 7527
          id: cet-11131
      author: None
       title: cet-11131
        date: 2020-08-12
       words: 3288
      flesch: 49
     summary: In this paper, in contrast to the previous works of the authors, the algorithm for describing the process of clusters aggregation in a flow reactor for both DLA and mixed kinetics in the 3D setting has been developed. The novel approach to modeling clusters aggregation which is based on the paradigm of discrete-event simulation (DES) with the help of particles random walk and aggregation on the 3-D stochastic lattices has been applied for describing the aggregation in the heterogeneous poly-dispersive systems.
    keywords: aggregation; clusters; flow; orders; reactor; time
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        item: #986 of 7527
          id: cet-11132
      author: None
       title: cet-11132
        date: 2020-08-12
       words: 3725
      flesch: 45
     summary: Voll P., Jennings M., Hennen M., Shah N., Bardow A., 2015, The optimum is not enough: A near-optimal solution paradigm for energy systems synthesis, Energy, 82, 446-456. Kumar A., Sah B., Singh A.R., Deng Y., He X., Kumar P., Bansal R., 2020, Multicriteria decision-making methodologies and their applications in sustainable energy system/microgrids, In: Aleem S.H.E.A., Abdelaziz A.Y., Zobaa A.F., Bansal R. (Eds.),
    keywords: cost; energy; evaluation; framework; graph; indicators; system
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        item: #987 of 7527
          id: cet-11134
      author: None
       title: cet-11134
        date: 2020-08-12
       words: 3675
      flesch: 48
     summary: The conversion of inulin is 100 %.The catalyst used in this work is stable under hydrothermal conditions of the process. 1154 3. Results and discussion 3.1 Catalyst characterization Figure 1 displays the TEM image of 5 % Ru-Fe3O4-SiO2 and its EDS spectrum.
    keywords: catalyst; cellulose; conversion; hydrogenation; inulin; mannitol; reaction; selectivity
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        item: #988 of 7527
          id: cet-11135
      author: None
       title: cet-11135
        date: 2020-08-12
       words: 3769
      flesch: 52
     summary: The decision variables model the DOI: 10.3303/CET2081194 Paper Received: 30/05/2020; Revised: 21/06/2020; Accepted: 25/06/2020 Please cite this article as: Varbanov P.S., Gai L., Fan Y.V., Klemeš J.J., Wan Alwi S.R., 2020, Regional Power Plan Assessment Accounting for Environmental Footprints, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 81, 1159-1164 DOI:10.3303/CET2081194 1159 storage technologies selection and capacities, the generation schedules, power storage and retrieval. The influence of load shifting on the need for power storage was investigated in (Mohammad Rozali et al., 2018).
    keywords: energy; footprints; generation; ghg; grid; model; planning; power; renewables; storage; system
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        item: #989 of 7527
          id: cet-11137
      author: None
       title: cet-11137
        date: 2020-08-12
       words: 3400
      flesch: 36
     summary: Since the P-graph methodology was originally conceived to generate process structures systematically, it can be used to produce the topology of the problem automatically based on rigorous combinatorial axioms and algorithms. It is possible to create and calculate process structures in the simulation software without the direct intervention of the user.
    keywords: engineering; graph; process; simulation; structure; synthesis; units
       cache: cet-11137.pdf
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        item: #990 of 7527
          id: cet-11138
      author: None
       title: cet-11138
        date: 2020-08-12
       words: 3103
      flesch: 55
     summary: Methane steam reforming reactions are strong endothermic reactions. Methane steam reforming reactions are suitable for thermochemical energy storage because of the high calorific value of its production hydrogen.
    keywords: inlet; methane; outlet; reforming; steam; temperature
       cache: cet-11138.pdf
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        item: #991 of 7527
          id: cet-11139
      author: None
       title: cet-11139
        date: 2020-08-12
       words: 2968
      flesch: 51
     summary: The urea process simulation is shown in Figure 2. Figure 2: Pro II simulation program of urea production process 3.3 Edrisi A., Mansoori Z., Dabir B., 2014, Using three chemical looping reactors in ammonia production process – a novel plant configuration for a green production, International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 39, 8271–8282.
    keywords: ammonia; process; production; profit; stochastic; supply; urea
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        item: #992 of 7527
          id: cet-1114
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - CET--006.docx
        date: 2017-07-25
       words: 3823
      flesch: 45
     summary: 59, 2017 A publication of The Italian Association of Chemical Engineering Online at www.aidic.it/cet Guest Editors: Zhuo Yang, Junjie Ba, Jing Pan Copyright © 2017, AIDIC Servizi S.r.l. ISBN 978-88-95608- 49-5; ISSN 2283-9216 Surface Modification Research of Ultrafine Iron Oxide Red Pigment Powders Bei Zhou Pingdingshan University, Pingdingshan 467000, China lybicq@126.com China as a large export of iron oxide pigments, iron oxide pigments production is out of low level. In the United States, for example, in the annual consumption of iron oxide pigments, iron red accounted for 42.9%.
    keywords: dispersion; iron; iron oxide; modification; oxide; particles; pigment; red; sample; stability; surface
       cache: cet-1114.pdf
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        item: #993 of 7527
          id: cet-11140
      author: None
       title: cet-11140
        date: 2020-08-12
       words: 3560
      flesch: 52
     summary: Kang L., Liu Y., Hou J., 2015, Synthesis of multi-period heat exchanger network considering characteristics of sub-periods, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 45, 49 – 54. Yoro K.O., Isafiade A.J., Daramola M.O., 2019, Multi-period heat exchanger network synthesis with temperature intervals and uncertain disturbances, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 76, 1039-1044.
    keywords: figure; heat; matches; period; step; stream; superstructure
       cache: cet-11140.pdf
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        item: #994 of 7527
          id: cet-11141
      author: None
       title: cet-11141
        date: 2020-08-12
       words: 3307
      flesch: 47
     summary: Regarding the mentioned results, it can be mentioned that high biomass content in the raw material is useful in case of syngas production but it has several drawbacks during the long term utilization of pyrolysis oil. Figure 3: The yields of gas products As Figure 3 shows, the CO2 and CO content in case of heavy oil pyrolysis was zero, differently from the values in case of biomass.
    keywords: biomass; content; figure; gas; hydrogen; oil; products; pyrolysis; waste
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        item: #995 of 7527
          id: cet-11142
      author: None
       title: cet-11142
        date: 2020-08-12
       words: 3117
      flesch: 56
     summary: Kia M., Nazar M.S., Sepasian M.S., 2017, Optimal day ahead scheduling of combined heat and power units with electrical and thermal storage considering security constraint of power system. The total economic benefits consist of electricity, desalination water and the production cost and describe as the Eq(7) to Eq(11):
    keywords: demand; desalination; electricity; plant; power; scheduling; system; water
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        item: #996 of 7527
          id: cet-11143
      author: None
       title: cet-11143
        date: 2020-08-12
       words: 2877
      flesch: 51
     summary: Although these functional group peaks are weak for activated carbon, they have an important influence on the adsorption of meta-TDA. 4,000 3,500 3,000 2,500 2,000 1,500 1,000 500 wavelength(cm -1 ) Activated carbon Celite ZSM-5 Permutite 1,643 790 563 3,617 1,029 1,064 1,620 Figure 3: FT-IR spectrums of different adsorbents 3.2 Influence of activated carbon modification After the acid or alkali modification, the adsorption effect of activated carbon can be seen in Table 2. Activated carbon is attractive adsorbent due to its wide availability, high thermal stability, low cost, and low sensitivity to moisture (Rashidi et al., 2013).
    keywords: adsorption; carbon; meta; modification; pore; surface; tar; tda
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        item: #997 of 7527
          id: cet-11144
      author: None
       title: cet-11144
        date: 2020-08-12
       words: 3750
      flesch: 48
     summary: The environmental process models in Pangea are currently based on the IMPACT (Pennington et al., 2005) and USEtox models, adapted for taking spatial data into account, aided by the use of Geographic Information Systems. Models describing the behavior (including transformation) of chemicals and their propagation into various natural media have been developed.
    keywords: cell; chemical; compartment; figure; footprint; global; mercury; method; model; scale; transfer
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        item: #998 of 7527
          id: cet-11145
      author: None
       title: cet-11145
        date: 2020-08-12
       words: 3463
      flesch: 52
     summary: The targets are assessed on a country level, which can be put into a condition for an optimization model as follows ∑ ∑ 𝑚𝑖,𝑓 𝑀𝑅 𝑓∈𝐹𝑖∈𝐼 ∑ ∑ 𝑚𝑖,𝑓 𝑆𝐸𝑃 𝑓∈𝐹𝑖∈𝐼 +𝑚𝑖 𝑀𝑀𝑊 ≥ 𝑡𝑎𝑟𝑔𝑒𝑡, (1) where 𝑚𝑖,𝑓 𝑆𝐸𝑃is the amount of MSW of waste fraction 𝑓 that was produced and separated in the micro-region 𝑖. The potential for the increase in MR of waste fraction 𝑓 in region 𝑖
    keywords: cep; increase; mmw; msw; potential; targets; waste
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        item: #999 of 7527
          id: cet-11146
      author: None
       title: cet-11146
        date: 2020-08-12
       words: 3834
      flesch: 51
     summary: The increment of coal particle size has a negetive effect on the following-up performance of the particle and the combustion performances of the burner, which declines the overall temperature by around 50 °C, consequently, the combustion efficiency and flame stability might also be degraded. Li et al. (2019) focused on the effect of coal particle size on the flame structure of internal recirculation zone and exhaust pipe vortex and combustion characteristics in a swirl burner.
    keywords: air; burner; coal; combustion; field; flow; particle; particle size; phase; size; temperature
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        item: #1000 of 7527
          id: cet-11147
      author: None
       title: cet-11147
        date: 2020-08-12
       words: 3484
      flesch: 47
     summary: In this paper, the results of the study of ruthenium catalysts based on hyper-crosslinked polystyrene (PS) in the selective hydrogenation of FF to FA are presented. Two types of ruthenium catalysts: nanoparticles of RuO2 and Ru 0 stabilized in the PS pores were synthesized and compared.
    keywords: alcohol; catalysts; data; furfural; hydrogenation; nanoparticles; ruox; ruthenium
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        item: #1001 of 7527
          id: cet-11148
      author: None
       title: cet-11148
        date: 2020-08-12
       words: 3300
      flesch: 55
     summary: To fill the research gap of scheduling problem of power supply in paper mill, in this paper, GAN method was put forward to simulate power dispatch of a paper mill. GAN method has three advantages, the first one is no need for strong assumptions about human behavior, the second one is the machine learning models based on simulation and historical data, the third one is the inherent randomness reflected in behaviour (Liu et al., 2020).
    keywords: cost; data; dispatch; energy; gan; method; paper; power; real; scheduling
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        item: #1002 of 7527
          id: cet-11149
      author: None
       title: cet-11149
        date: 2020-08-12
       words: 3655
      flesch: 56
     summary: Solar power has rapidly developed as a clean and pollution-free renewable energy and there are many discussions about harnessing solar power (Xu et al., 2020). By comparing the effects that different algorithms have on operating cost, it showed that though DQN method has a limitation, if the price of power energy is lower, BESS can effectively reduce the cost of using power.
    keywords: battery; bess; capacity; cost; energy; method; model; paper; power; system
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        item: #1003 of 7527
          id: cet-1115
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - CET--006.docx
        date: 2017-07-25
       words: 3152
      flesch: 35
     summary: An optimal degradation rate of 90.5% was achieved at an inlet pressure of 0.4 MPa, temperature of 35 °C, chlorine dioxide concentration of 8 mg/L, and reaction time of 90 min, which is 4.9 and 2 times higher than that obtained with hydrodynamic cavitation or chlorine dioxide treatment alone (degradation rates of 18.5% and 45.8%, respectively),and enhancement factor f is 3.625.This combined technique is insensitive to the solution pH, and the good degradation effect could achieved when pH varies from 3 to 9. DOI: 10.3303/CET1759049 Please cite this article as: Sijing Yang, Riya Jin, Zengdi He, Yina Qiao, Shuting Shi, Weidian Kong, Yongjie Wang, Xinxin Liu , 2017, An experimental study on the degradation of methyl orange by combining hydrodynamic cavitation and chlorine dioxide treatments, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 59, 289-294 DOI:10.3303/CET1759049 289 A novel type of AOP called hydrodynamic cavitation (HC) is useful for degrading complex organic and poisonous substances effectively, (Gogate, 2002; Gogate and Bhosale, 2013).
    keywords: chlorine; degradation; dioxide; methyl; methyl orange; orange; rate; solution; treatment
       cache: cet-1115.pdf
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        item: #1004 of 7527
          id: cet-11150
      author: None
       title: cet-11150
        date: 2020-08-12
       words: 3257
      flesch: 42
     summary: Recent progress in the development of catalysts for steam reforming of biomass tar model reaction, Fuel Processing Technology, 199, 106252. In this section, the main reaction pathway for tar steam reforming was obtained by distributions of main components through CHEMKIN.
    keywords: figure; formation; naphthalene; pyrene; reaction; reforming; soot; steam; tar
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        item: #1005 of 7527
          id: cet-11151
      author: None
       title: cet-11151
        date: 2020-08-12
       words: 3860
      flesch: 36
     summary: At present, the available waste heat resources include steam turbine exhaust waste heat, flue gas waste heat, circulating cooling water waste heat and so on, of which the amount of circulating cooling water is the largest, and the water loss due to evaporation in cooling tower accounts for more than 50% of the total water consumption. Wang et al. (2020) studied the economy of heat pump system which recovering waste heat and water from high-humidity flue gas after the wet flue gas desulfurization scrubber.
    keywords: cooling; heat; heat pump; pump; system; temperature; waste; water
       cache: cet-11151.pdf
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        item: #1006 of 7527
          id: cet-11152
      author: None
       title: cet-11152
        date: 2020-08-12
       words: 3207
      flesch: 49
     summary: Chamorro L.P., Arndt R.E.A., Sotiropoulos F., 2013, Drag reduction of large wind turbine blades through riblets: Evaluation of riblet geometry and application strategies, Renewable Energy, 50, 1095-1105. United States Patent US2492173A. Quintavalla S.J., Angilella A.J., Smits A.J., 2013, Drag reduction on grooved cylinders in the critical Reynolds number regime, Experimental Thermal and Fluid Science, 48, 15-18.
    keywords: channel; drag; microgroove; mmol; reduction; solution; surfactant
       cache: cet-11152.pdf
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        item: #1007 of 7527
          id: cet-11153
      author: None
       title: cet-11153
        date: 2020-08-12
       words: 3065
      flesch: 47
     summary: The area ratio covered by the base area of the droplets having a radius in the range of [rmin, r] is: min min 2 2 ( ) ( sin ) ( ) , or ( ) ( sin ) ( ) r r r r r r r dr r r r dr     = = The droplet population distribution is: 2/ 3 max min 2 3 1 8/ 3 1/ 3 23 max min 2 3 max ( / ) ( )( exp( 3 ( ) ) ), ( ) , ( ) 1 3 ee e e e e r r r r r A r A B B r r r r r r r r A r A r ar r  −   − + + −   =    +   N (4) where parameters such as A2, A3 and so on can be referred in Kim and Kim (2011), re is the characteristic coalescence radius, rmax is the departure radius, a represents the ratio of the base area of the droplet to the radius squared, and a = when the droplet is hemispherical.
    keywords: condensation; contact; heat; nucleation; radius; transfer
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        item: #1008 of 7527
          id: cet-11154
      author: None
       title: cet-11154
        date: 2020-08-12
       words: 3092
      flesch: 52
     summary: The temperature rise rate of the low-melting-point metal PCM heat sink is slightly slower than the natural air cooling heat sink in the normal working state, at time tn, its temperature is slightly lower, and the maximum temperature is 43.8 °C, the temperature difference within the heat sink is 2 °C. Under the assumption of lumped heat capacity method, the entire heat source and heat sink can be regarded as a uniform body with a constant temperature of T, the energy conservation equation for the whole heat sink is: , 0 ( ) ( )
    keywords: heat; model; pcm; phase; sink; source; temperature
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        item: #1009 of 7527
          id: cet-11155
      author: None
       title: cet-11155
        date: 2020-08-12
       words: 3229
      flesch: 33
     summary: Selection of educational information and reference resources by quality criteria Open educational resources, including topics on chemistry, green chemistry and chemical technology, were considered for comparative analysis. One of the levels at which Information and communication technologies played a key role over the past three decades is the management and distribution of educational resources and the provision of information to students and teachers or professors, that is often called the Education Management Information System.
    keywords: criteria; distance; education; framework; information; learning; management; resources
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        item: #1010 of 7527
          id: cet-11156
      author: None
       title: cet-11156
        date: 2020-08-12
       words: 3313
      flesch: 48
     summary: The composition and stability of nZVI@PGA were characterized by X-ray diffraction (D8-Focus, Bruker, Germany) and settlement experiment (Zhang et al., 2018). In the lab, the previous work had proved that nZVI modified by PGA had excellent performance of stability and dispersion, degrading p-chlorophenol more than 90 % in 30 min (Zhang et al., 2018).
    keywords: chromium; cr(vi; effect; figure; hexavalent; iron; nzvi@pga; removal; zhang
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        item: #1011 of 7527
          id: cet-11157
      author: None
       title: cet-11157
        date: 2020-08-12
       words: 3179
      flesch: 49
     summary: 2. Calculation methods of propeller performance The calculation of propeller performance is an essential process in propeller design as well as an important factor to the evaluation of the propeller design. The numbers of propeller blades, propeller installation method and propeller diameter are selected according to the working conditions and the characteristic of the engine.
    keywords: aircraft; blade; design; efficiency; figure; method; performance; propeller; thrust
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        item: #1012 of 7527
          id: cet-11158
      author: None
       title: cet-11158
        date: 2020-08-12
       words: 2966
      flesch: 55
     summary: The majority of these experiments on supercritical water or CO2 flowing in uniformly heated vertical tubes can provide the data for wall temperature and heat transfer coefficient. 606 608 610 612 614 616 618 Non-swirl Intermediate swirl Strong swirl L/m W a ll t e m p e ra tu re /K 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8 2.0 2.2 7,600 7,800 8,000 Non-swirl Intermediate swirl Strong swirl L/m H e a t tr a n s fe r c o e ff ic ie n t/ W /（ m 2 s ） Figure 7: Temperature and heat transfer coefficient distribution 5.
    keywords: furnace; heat; heat transfer; swirl; temperature; transfer; tube; wall
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        item: #1013 of 7527
          id: cet-11159
      author: None
       title: cet-11159
        date: 2020-08-12
       words: 3187
      flesch: 44
     summary: The concentrations of chloride ions in the solutions and the structure of sodium chloride crystals in the presence or absence of the inhibitor were determined through ion chromatography and scanning electron microscopy (SEM, MAIA3LMH, TESCAN, Czech). The morphology and particle size of sodium chloride crystals were analyzed through SEM.
    keywords: chloride; concentration; crystals; daji; gas; inhibitor; salt; sodium; water
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        item: #1014 of 7527
          id: cet-1116
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - CET--006.docx
        date: 2017-07-25
       words: 3036
      flesch: 50
     summary: The loss of strength of freezing and thawing cycle and drying and watering cycle of EPS thermal insulation mortar is only about half of the expansion of perlite insulation mortar. Therefore, in order to ensure EPS insulation mortar has a good construction performance, EPS particle size should be less than 2.5mm.
    keywords: ash; cement; eps; fly; insulation; materials; mortar; polystyrene; strength
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        item: #1015 of 7527
          id: cet-11160
      author: None
       title: cet-11160
        date: 2020-08-12
       words: 3155
      flesch: 41
     summary: The energy barrier of MAB dehydrogenation by N-H ... H-B is similar to AB, and the initial temperature of MAB dehydrogenation is lower than that of AB, so it is speculated that MAB is unlikely to be dehydrogenated by N- H…H-B. (2) M-H ... H-N dehydrogenation path The key to the thermal dehydrogenation of MAB through path (b) M-H ... H-N is to form M-H, and then M-H and N-H at the NH2 terminal form a double hydrogen bond M-H ... H-N to further dehydrogenate. HB double hydrogen bonds, indicating that MAB is more likely to form MH … HN double hydrogen bond dehydrogenation.
    keywords: ammonia; borane; dehydrogenation; energy; mab; path
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        item: #1016 of 7527
          id: cet-11161
      author: None
       title: cet-11161
        date: 2020-08-12
       words: 4961
      flesch: 45
     summary: For many years, the Faculty has been carrying out student projects which are supported by the European Social Fund. This was mainly due to a large proportion of the experimental laboratory work done by students, which could reach up to half of all contact hours.
    keywords: chemical; engineering; exercises; faculty; laboratory; learning; students; study; work; year
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        item: #1017 of 7527
          id: cet-11162
      author: None
       title: cet-11162
        date: 2020-08-12
       words: 3348
      flesch: 51
     summary: Winglets 1 - 4 have a cant angle of + 90 °, + 45 °, - 45 ° and -90 °, while Winglet 5 has also a cant angle of -90 °. The taper ratio for Winglets 1 - 4 is 1, while Winglet 5 was designed to test the magnitude of the effect of the Leading-Edge sweep angle and has a taper ratio of 0.83 in order to keep the trailing edge constant (Figure 2).
    keywords: angle; blade; power; shwt; tip; turbine; wind; winglet
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        item: #1018 of 7527
          id: cet-11163
      author: None
       title: cet-11163
        date: 2020-08-12
       words: 3736
      flesch: 51
     summary: Solar energy is the radiant light and heat from the sun that is harnessed using a range of ever-changing technologies such as solar photovoltaics, solar thermal energy, and concentrating solar power (CSP). Solar thermal energy uses the sun's energy to heat up a fluid to a higher temperature, then the heated fluid moves and heats water creating steam.
    keywords: collector; demand; energy; heat; integration; process; storage; system; temperature; thermal
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        item: #1019 of 7527
          id: cet-11164
      author: None
       title: cet-11164
        date: 2020-08-12
       words: 2828
      flesch: 46
     summary: a) b) Figure 3: Relative differences of fin efficiency between analytical method and numerical simulation for several different mesh sizes as a function of heat transfer coefficient: a) straight fin, b) circular fin 3.2 Complex rectangular and hexagonal - Numerical methods can be used to determine fin temperature distribution or fin efficiency for both simple and complex fin geometries (Taler and Taler, 2014).
    keywords: efficiency; figure; fin; fins; heat; mesh
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        item: #1020 of 7527
          id: cet-11165
      author: None
       title: cet-11165
        date: 2020-08-12
       words: 3144
      flesch: 45
     summary: This study analyses the effect of composition and heat treatment on the mechanical strength of ceramic products obtained from natural aluminosilicates and metallurgical slag of lead and copper production to establish patterns of synthesis of new materials. 2. Materials and methods The main raw materials used were aluminosilicates of East Kazakhstan deposits - zeolite (Z) and bentonite (B), metallurgical slags of lead (SPb) and copper (SCu) plants were used as an additive-regulator of ceramic properties. However, Sadenova et al. (2019) proposed a technology for involving metallurgical slag in the synthesis of ceramic materials for environmental catalysis, based on powder metallurgy methods.
    keywords: ceramic; materials; production; slag; strength; temperature
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        item: #1021 of 7527
          id: cet-11166
      author: None
       title: cet-11166
        date: 2020-08-12
       words: 3477
      flesch: 54
     summary: A publication of The Italian Association of Chemical Engineering Online at www.cetjournal.it Guest Editors: Petar S. Varbanov, Qiuwang Wang, Min Zeng, Panos Seferlis, Ting Ma, Jiří J. Klemeš Copyright © 2020, AIDIC Servizi S.r.l. ISBN 978-88-95608-79-2; ISSN 2283-9216 An Input-Output Approach for Environmental Life Cycle Assessment of Cement Production Parinya Khongproma, Sirirak Champanoib, Unchalee Suwanmaneeb,* aDepartment of Industrial Chemistry, Faculty of Applied Science, King Mongkut’s University of Technology North Bangkok Bangkok 10800, Thailand bDepartment of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Srinakharinwirot University, Nakhon-Nayok 12110 Thailand unchalee@g.swu.ac.th To evaluate the energy consumption and global warming impact of cement production at macro level, this work provided the 10 sectors Economic Input-Output Life Cycle Assessment (EIO-LCA) based on 1990 - 2010 Thailand national economic data. In comparison with the Process LCA, the main contributions of energy used (84 %) and GHG emissions (91 %) of cement production were from the limestone calcination in clinker production and fossil fuels used.
    keywords: analysis; cement; cycle; energy; life; output; process; production; total
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        item: #1022 of 7527
          id: cet-11167
      author: None
       title: cet-11167
        date: 2020-08-12
       words: 3871
      flesch: 63
     summary: Convective heat transfer of E Low-E increases when the curtain is closed, while decreases for I Low-E. It can inhibit convective heat transfer for attaching to internal surface of the curtain, because of the change of the curtain internal surface and massive wall external surface. In order to analyze the cause, convective heat transfer of the circulated air cavity is obtained, as shown in Figure 10.
    keywords: air; cavity; curtain; glass; heat; nighttime; pcm; transfer; wall
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        item: #1023 of 7527
          id: cet-11168
      author: None
       title: cet-11168
        date: 2020-08-12
       words: 3567
      flesch: 53
     summary: Recent advances on membrane processes for the concentration of fruit juices: a review, Journal of Food Engineering, 63, 303-324. Cath T.H., Childress A.E., Elimelech M., 2006. Figure 3: Water flux and the solute flux as a function of ionic liquid concentration Figure 3 illustrates the change of the water and solute transport across the membrane as a function of the solute concentration in the draw solution.
    keywords: energy; ionic; membrane; pressure; process; solute; solution; water
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        item: #1024 of 7527
          id: cet-11169
      author: None
       title: cet-11169
        date: 2020-08-12
       words: 2807
      flesch: 45
     summary: Figure 7: Separation structure for Mixture 3 with two EHAD 3. In this work, the comparison of the efficiency of different separation technologies are compared based on their energy consumptions.
    keywords: distillation; ehad; extractive; figure; mixtures; phase; separation; water
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        item: #1025 of 7527
          id: cet-1117
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - CET--006.docx
        date: 2017-07-25
       words: 3441
      flesch: 44
     summary: Among many hydrolysis fermentation technologies, alkaline thermal hydrolysis of excess activated sludge can improve hydrolysis of particulate organic matter in the sludge in a short time and accelerate the recovering rate of sludge carbon source. However, accompanied with organics production, large amount of ammonia nitrogen (NH4+-N) and soluble orthophosphorus (SOP) released, which would be negative to the reutilization of sludge carbon source.
    keywords: model; nh4; rate; removal; sludge
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        item: #1026 of 7527
          id: cet-11170
      author: None
       title: cet-11170
        date: 2020-08-12
       words: 3874
      flesch: 34
     summary: Deep seabed mining and marine environment Krog and Sperling (2019) Framework for strategic energy planning Vecchiato (2019) Scenario planning and strategic investment Villicaña-García and Ponce-Ortega (2019) Krog L., Sperling K., 2019, A comprehensive framework for strategic energy planning based on Danish and international insights, Energy Strategy Reviews, 24, 83-93.
    keywords: analysis; development; energy; factors; management; opportunities; planning; research; strategy; swot; weaknesses
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        item: #1027 of 7527
          id: cet-11171
      author: None
       title: cet-11171
        date: 2020-08-12
       words: 4095
      flesch: 44
     summary: Gutierrez T., Romero R., Sotelo C., 2014, Thermal energy impact of bioclimatic techniques applied to low- income housing in hot dry climates, Energy Procedia, 57, 1743-1752. Investing in low-energy design or energy efficiency upgrade is always profitable in terms of reduced energy consumption.
    keywords: buildings; comfort; control; energy; heat; load; mexico; residential; techniques; warm
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        item: #1028 of 7527
          id: cet-11172
      author: None
       title: cet-11172
        date: 2020-08-12
       words: 3425
      flesch: 21
     summary: And some linked quinoline and coumarin groups to synthesize copper ion fluorescent probes with good interference resistance in the pH range of 5-11 and realised biological imaging of copper ions in living cells (Chen et al., 2013). As shown in Figure 2f, the as-prepared CDs@SiO2-CdTe has two fluorescence absorption peaks at 462 nm and 643 nm, representing the fluorescence peaks of CDs and CdTe quantum dots, under the excitation wavelength of 380 nm. Figure 2: TEM images of CDs (a), CDs@SiO2 (b), CDs@SiO2-CdTe at low magnification (c) and high magnification (d).
    keywords: cds@sio2; cdte; copper; cu2; detection; emission; figure; fluorescence; probe; quantum; ratiometric
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        item: #1029 of 7527
          id: cet-11173
      author: None
       title: cet-11173
        date: 2020-08-12
       words: 3521
      flesch: 53
     summary: The air used for drying is preheated using solar heat and a biomass boiler, and in this project the potential benefits of integration of a heat recovery system have been investigated. Two practical problems need to be addressed in this system in order to recover the heat in the exhaust air: 1) the highly dynamic nature due to the use of ambient air for drying and the primary energy source being solar heat, and 2) the potential impurities in the exhaust air flow from the dryer.
    keywords: air; biomass; cost; heat; heat recovery; recovery; solar; system; temperature
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        item: #1030 of 7527
          id: cet-11174
      author: None
       title: cet-11174
        date: 2020-08-12
       words: 3416
      flesch: 49
     summary: Introduction In the last few decades, gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) have been extensively studied due to their unique optical, chemical and thermal properties that make them suitable for a variety of applications in medicine, biotechnology and material science (Bai et al., 2020). Bai X., Wang Y., Song Z., Feng Y., Chen Y., Zhang D., Feng L., 2020, The basic properties of gold nanoparticles and their applications in tumor diagnosis and treatment, International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 21, 2480.
    keywords: aunps; gold; mol; nanoparticles; reaction; synthesis
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        item: #1031 of 7527
          id: cet-11178
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 42landucci.docx
        date: 2020-10-05
       words: 3755
      flesch: 41
     summary: 3. Methodology Figure 1 summarizes the main steps of the present methodology, aimed at the implementation of quantitative metrics for the assessment of confined space hazards and risks. Figure 1: Flowchart of the methodology aimed at the quantitative assessment of confined space hazards.
    keywords: assessment; evaluation; hazard; oil; operations; risk; space; work
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        item: #1032 of 7527
          id: cet-11179
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 42landucci.docx
        date: 2020-10-05
       words: 3008
      flesch: 34
     summary: 9 Figure 2: Predictive indication of performance failure in electricity critical infrastructure elements 5. Indication of critical infrastructure resilience failure and by the VSB – Technical University of Ostrava under Project SP2020/40 Research on approaches and methods of strengthening the resilience of critical infrastructure elements in the electricity sub-sector.
    keywords: electricity; element; infrastructure; performance; resilience; system
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        item: #1033 of 7527
          id: cet-1118
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - CET--006.docx
        date: 2017-07-25
       words: 3203
      flesch: 49
     summary: 0ur group has made some basic research on recycled gypsum. On this basis, this paper explores the best preparation technology of recycled gypsum, and explores the ways of resource utilization of recycled gypsum.
    keywords: aggregate; concrete; figure; gypsum; strength; surface; tailings; time; water
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        item: #1034 of 7527
          id: cet-11180
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 42landucci.docx
        date: 2020-10-05
       words: 4306
      flesch: 50
     summary: As previously discussed, the AFB method aims including factors relevant for ageing management and, consequently, the overall adequacy index may be exploited to tune the generic frequencies used in the SR and namely in the FTA. Largest companies easily provide this information as they already apply recognised RBI guidelines or standards, on the contrary, smallest companies usually do not have an organised approach for ageing management.
    keywords: ageing; equipment; failure; management; method; rbi; risk; safety; seveso
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        item: #1035 of 7527
          id: cet-11181
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 42landucci.docx
        date: 2020-10-05
       words: 3560
      flesch: 52
     summary: Based on an inventory of pattern scenarios (i.e. common situations repeatedly observed in WUI fires, involving systems and assets exposed to WUI fire sources) carried out in WP5 and using fire hazards and building characteristics gathered during Phase 1, simulations are being run to analyze homes’ survivability and sheltering capacity (WP6) under different conditions. 3. CFD methodology for LPG tank vulnerability assessment in the WUI One of the key outcomes the first phase of the WUIVIEW project (in particular WP3) was the development of a methodology to assess LPG domestic tank vulnerability to WUI fire scenarios.
    keywords: figure; fire; lpg; methodology; project; scenario; simulation; tank; wui; wuiview
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        item: #1036 of 7527
          id: cet-11182
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 42landucci.docx
        date: 2020-10-05
       words: 1923
      flesch: 30
     summary: Startup Safety Review (PSSR), Tecnimont Work Instruction, Milan, Italy. This paper illustrates how different sessions of Pre-Startup Safety Review were performed and managed to close-out on a new petrochemical plant, to demonstrate that the facilities were ready and safe prior to the introduction of any hazardous materials.
    keywords: licensor; plant; pssr; recommendations; review; safety; startup
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        item: #1037 of 7527
          id: cet-11183
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 42landucci.docx
        date: 2020-10-05
       words: 3740
      flesch: 35
     summary: Process safety hazards arise from the processing activity in which a plant may be engaged (Hopkins, 2009). (2015), process safety hazards are potential for causing widespread harm and large numbers of casualties, causes and consequences may be widely separated, there is often a considerable time difference between the cause and the consequence of an incident, events are infrequent and unlikely to be experienced during a typical working life, and chains of events are often complex.
    keywords: approaches; et al; framework; hazards; management; process; process safety; risk; safety; system
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        item: #1038 of 7527
          id: cet-11184
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 42landucci.docx
        date: 2020-10-05
       words: 3214
      flesch: 51
     summary: In today's turbulent and increasingly global world, with increasing market competition and the development of increasingly new and more complex technologies, risk management is gaining importance. Risk management is one of the underestimated areas not only in the company and companies should pay the same attention to this issue as they do in any other area in the company.
    keywords: company; enterprises; management; number; process; project; risk; risk management
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        item: #1039 of 7527
          id: cet-11185
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 42landucci.docx
        date: 2020-10-05
       words: 3383
      flesch: 50
     summary: References Bello, G.C., Colombari, V., 1980, The human factors in risk analyses of process plants: The control room operator model ‘TESEO.’ Process variables involved are: concentration C of aluminum dust, mass m of aluminum dust (indicating a dust deposit), level L of water, temperature T of the air.
    keywords: analysis; bag; dust; explosion; process; risk; roa; safety; table
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        item: #1040 of 7527
          id: cet-11186
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 42landucci.docx
        date: 2020-10-05
       words: 3478
      flesch: 56
     summary: In the present work, the risk assessment of the first block of the process is performed, focusing on hydrogen risks. In this work, the risk assessment related to the part of the plant between the electrolytic cell and the chimney was performed, focusing the attention on hydrogen risks.
    keywords: analysis; event; failure; fire; hydrogen; hypochlorite; process; risk
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        item: #1041 of 7527
          id: cet-11187
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 42landucci.docx
        date: 2020-10-05
       words: 3120
      flesch: 26
     summary: 1.3 Requirements for remote conformity assessment According to the interpretation of IAF documents by the Italian Accreditation Body (Accredia) for regulated areas such as PED certification, to conduct a remote assessment a preliminarily feasibility analysis is required. Feasibility analysis of remote conformity assessment
    keywords: analysis; assessment; audit; conformity; equipment; ict; pressure
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        item: #1042 of 7527
          id: cet-11188
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 42landucci.docx
        date: 2020-10-05
       words: 3107
      flesch: 31
     summary: The main activity in this evaluation was calculating element resilience (Activity 8). In the Czech Republic, these buildings are designated as critical infrastructure elements (Government Decree, 2010).
    keywords: element; evaluation; fire; infrastructure; level; method; resilience; station; system
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        item: #1043 of 7527
          id: cet-11189
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 42landucci.docx
        date: 2020-10-05
       words: 3577
      flesch: 53
     summary: Therefore, if n critical installations are possible damaged by floods and other technological accidents, the number of possible accident scenarios, m, given by a generic combination of k failure units (k≤n) is shown in Eq(1). S: is an n×m dimensional matrix denoting the accident scenarios of each unit in each failure state combination, where n is the number of units, and m is the total number of possible accident scenarios calculated by Eq(1).
    keywords: accident; domino; effects; events; natech; paths; probability; scenario
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        item: #1044 of 7527
          id: cet-1119
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - CET--006.docx
        date: 2017-07-25
       words: 3474
      flesch: 42
     summary: The average near infrared reflectance of iron oxide yellow coating does not follow the increase trend of color paste which is possibly because that color paste cannot obviously change the distribution of particle of iron oxide yellow pigment which suffers small density. Also, iron oxide yellow coating sees the highest average near infrared reflectance when color paste reaches 10%.
    keywords: coating; color; iron; oxide; paste; pigments; reflectance; yellow
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        item: #1045 of 7527
          id: cet-11190
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 42landucci.docx
        date: 2020-10-05
       words: 3802
      flesch: 43
     summary: The non- participation or partial participation of cluster companies in joint initiatives could however lead to an increased complexity or (safety) problems. This dependency can initiate chain effects: when one company experiences problems with their processes, other companies relying on these processes can also experience problems, and can eventually lead to a shut-down of multiple companies.
    keywords: accident; clusters; companies; petro)chemical; safety; scenarios
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        item: #1046 of 7527
          id: cet-11191
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 42landucci.docx
        date: 2020-10-05
       words: 3577
      flesch: 49
     summary: Please cite this article as: Ricci F., Casson Moreno V., Cozzani V., 2020, Analysis of Natech Accidents Triggered by Extreme Temperatures in the Chemical and Process Industry, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 82, 79-84 DOI:10.3303/CET2082014 79 The Italian Association of Chemical Engineering Online at www.cetjournal.it DOI: 10.3303/CET2082014 Figure 1: Maps of the states affected by: (a) cold wave natural events and (b) heat wave natural events. The final scenarios resulting from the damage of pipelines and valves do not show a different trend from that shown in Figure 3 as regards cold wave accidents.
    keywords: accidents; chemical; database; events; heat; industrial; records; wave
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        item: #1047 of 7527
          id: cet-11192
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 42landucci.docx
        date: 2020-10-05
       words: 3233
      flesch: 45
     summary: a) Inherent safety KPIs for 3rd generation biodiesel production process and catalytic hydrogenation of CO2 to methanol process. Innovative production process for fuels are very attractive but are too often underestimated from the safety point of view in the early-design stages, later leading to the need of application of expensive countermeasures, when the risks are noticed earlier than relevant accidents(Casson Moreno et al., 2019).
    keywords: biodiesel; co2; liquid; methanol; present; process; production; safety; vapour
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        item: #1048 of 7527
          id: cet-11193
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 42landucci.docx
        date: 2020-10-05
       words: 3105
      flesch: 45
     summary: None None Emergency drills 6 100 600 Punching Change matrix, graduate, measure, and punching Improper handling of machines and equipment the parts to work Mechanical Risk Upper limb entrapment None None 24 10 240 Painting Mix paint with anticorrosive in the tray, mixing, paint and inspect each product performed Exposure to gases and vapors fires, personal burns, and burns third parties Anticorrosive with less toxic material Specific area with various ventilation filters Use of double filter mask, nitrile gloves, and P.P. E. 12 25 300 Assembly Assembly and verification of the process Repetitive movements Skeletal hand injuries None None Keep track of the time of active breaks corresponding to the work 24 10 240 Skin and eye injuries, burns None None P.P.E. 24 10 240 Effort: Application of force when polishing.
    keywords: company; diseases; health; iso; risk; safety; system; work
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        item: #1049 of 7527
          id: cet-11194
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 42landucci.docx
        date: 2020-10-05
       words: 2805
      flesch: 39
     summary: During the development of the study, operational risks are analysed in the process of a dairy plant, located in Cundinamarca, Colombia. Introduction For a manufacturing company, it is essential to keep control of each process in order to keep the profitability rates stable and the mitigation most significant possible number of operational risks.
    keywords: analysis; control; maintenance; milk; pasteurization; process; risk; temperature
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        item: #1050 of 7527
          id: cet-11195
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 42landucci.docx
        date: 2020-10-05
       words: 2933
      flesch: 39
     summary: Please cite this article as: Vallee A., Le-Roux B., Chaumette S., Duplantier S., 2020, Activities Arround Upper-tier Seveso Sites: How to Protect Against Technological Risk?, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 82, 103-108 DOI:10.3303/CET2082018 103 For any kind and any size of activities (factory, office, shop, craftsmen company…) located in the hazardous areas, the PPRT provides: • expropriation / relinquishment for those located in red zones, unless the activities propose alternative measures (technical and organizational measures) with a significant improvement in the safety of people; • implementation of measures for the protection of employees (labour regulations) for those in blue zones. The required resources can be shared to build a collective response for several activities in the same area.
    keywords: activities; area; effects; measures; people; protection; seveso
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        item: #1051 of 7527
          id: cet-11196
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 42landucci.docx
        date: 2020-10-05
       words: 3254
      flesch: 35
     summary: 4. Safety barrier performance during natural hazards 4.1 Expert elicitation Due to the scarcity of statistical data to be used as basis for barrier performance tailorization, an expert elicitation was performed, involving more than 40 experts in the field (Misuri et al., 2020). Landucci G., Argenti F., Tugnoli A., Cozzani V., 2015, Quantitative assessment of safety barrier performance in the prevention of domino scenarios triggered by fire, Reliability Engineering and System Safety, 143, 30- 43.
    keywords: assessment; barriers; hazards; methodology; performance; probability; safety; scenarios
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        item: #1052 of 7527
          id: cet-11197
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 42landucci.docx
        date: 2020-10-05
       words: 3511
      flesch: 50
     summary: In the second technique, Hierarchical Bayesian Network (HBN) is adopted to estimate the probability of failure components, while the severity is assessed via Failure, Mode, Effects and Criticality Analysis (FMECA). Risk Analysis of a Supercritical Fluid Extraction Plant using a Safety Software.
    keywords: analysis; component; failure; gas; maintenance; ngrms; process; risk; table
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        item: #1053 of 7527
          id: cet-11198
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 42landucci.docx
        date: 2020-10-05
       words: 3963
      flesch: 46
     summary: Cases of major global disasters and major regional conflicts have begun to change the way global museum organizations view the prevention of museum risks. 82, 2020 A publication of The Italian Association of Chemical Engineering Online at www.cetjournal.it Guest Editors: Bruno Fabiano, Valerio Cozzani, Genserik Reniers Copyright © 2020, AIDIC Servizi S.r.l. ISBN 978-88-95608-80-8; ISSN 2283-9216 Risk Management in Museums in Czech Republic Marek Tomastik*, Katerina Vichova, Daniela Wagnerova, Eva Cernohlavkova Tomas Bata University in Zlín, Faculty of Logistics and Crisis Management, Studentské náměstí 1532, 686 01 Uherské Hradiště, Czech Republic mtomastik@utb.cz Risk management in museums of the Czech Republic is inadequate and is not implemented in most museums.
    keywords: collection; czech; management; museum; process; republic; risk; risk management; system
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        item: #1054 of 7527
          id: cet-11199
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 42landucci.docx
        date: 2020-10-05
       words: 3684
      flesch: 41
     summary: Arctic Council Emergency Prevention Preparedness and Response, DNV GL AS Oil & Gas Environmental Risk Management and Nuka Research and Planning Group LLC, Arctic Council Secretariat ed., Tromsø, N. EPPR, 2017b, Impact of Arctic metocean conditions on oil spill response: results of the first circumpolar response viability analysis. NUKA, 2015, Oil spill response analysis.
    keywords: analysis; conditions; environmental; factors; nuka; oil; response; rga; spill; wind
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        item: #1055 of 7527
          id: cet-112
      author: TW
       title: cet-112
        date: 2017-10-04
       words: 3194
      flesch: 48
     summary: For dry air cooler, spray type air cooler, evaporative air cooler, and open style circulating water cooling systems, energy and water consumptions are calculated and compared under different dry bulb temperature and relative humidity conditions. Conclusions In this paper, dry air cooler, spray type air cooler, evaporative air cooler and open style circulating water cooling system are calculated and compared.
    keywords: air; consumption; cooler; cooling; price; type; water
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        item: #1056 of 7527
          id: cet-1120
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - CET--006.docx
        date: 2017-07-25
       words: 2973
      flesch: 55
     summary: [%] T h ic k n e s s o f fi lm s [ m m ] 100 110 120 130 140 150 D ia m e te r o f fi lm s [ m m ] Figure 3: Thickness and diameter of powder thermoplastic films with different formamide content. Conclusions The results of this study indicate that the formamide is a good plasticizer, which not only improves the mechanical properties of superfine down powder thermoplastic films largely, but also sustains the excellent protein properties of down powder.
    keywords: films; formamide; powder; properties; superfine
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        item: #1057 of 7527
          id: cet-11200
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 42landucci.docx
        date: 2020-10-05
       words: 3985
      flesch: 55
     summary: Never before has crisis management been more important. One hundred one companies (64%) out of 156 respondents stated that HRM was the central area of savings at the time of crisis management.
    keywords: companies; company; crisis; development; employees; management; measures; personnel; research; resources
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        item: #1058 of 7527
          id: cet-11201
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 42landucci.docx
        date: 2020-10-05
       words: 4492
      flesch: 27
     summary: Modelling of complex systems safety including human factors Realizing a risk analysis by traditional methods, which generally describe accidents by applying a sequential model representing the linear succession of a set of events linked by cause and effect (e.g. HAZOP, FMEA), can result an inadequate solution in case of complex systems (Adriaensen et al., 2019). (2010) analysed the application of behavioural safety interventions in a petroleum refinery on a time span of 20 years.
    keywords: accidents; analysis; behaviours; contexts; engineering; events; factors; interventions; risk; safety; sites; systems
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        item: #1059 of 7527
          id: cet-11202
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 42landucci.docx
        date: 2020-10-05
       words: 4157
      flesch: 43
     summary: 2.3 Implementation of new Devices: Planning and Change Management To complement the field study, four in-depth interviews were conducted: with a network distributor, two energy and water suppliers, and a transport company, who were planning to introduce mobile devices, i.e. smartphones and tablet computers in their fieldwork. In the age of digitalization, a substitution of paper for mobile devices is taking place at an increasing rate (Lee et al. 2016).
    keywords: control; devices; equipment; field; mobile; new; requirements; software; system; use; work
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        item: #1060 of 7527
          id: cet-11203
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 42landucci.docx
        date: 2020-10-05
       words: 3292
      flesch: 43
     summary: Kalantarnia M., Khan F., Hawboldt K. 2009, Dynamic risk assessment using failure assessment and Bayesian theory, Journal of Loss Prevention in the Process Industries, 22, 600-606. The focus of this work is to evaluate the results that HMM semi-supervised learning models could achieve to perform a reliable forecasting of states sequences during critical operations in a Seveso upper tier plant, starting from operational experience and field data.
    keywords: bayesian; markov; model; probability; process; risk; safety; states; system
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        item: #1061 of 7527
          id: cet-11204
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 42landucci.docx
        date: 2020-10-05
       words: 4249
      flesch: 41
     summary: Safety motivation can be considered as a multi-dimensional construct, in which it is possible to distinguish between controlled safety motivation and autonomous safety motivation on the basis of the degree of internalization of safety motivation at the individual level. The aim of this study was to shed some light on the antecedents of safety motivation and, in particular, on the role of safety values (i.e. individual perception of the priority given to safety at work) as a mediator between perceived quality of Personal protective equipment (PPE) and both dimensions of safety motivation: autonomous and controlled.
    keywords: equipment; motivation; perception; ppe; quality; safety; safety motivation; safety values; values; workers
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        item: #1062 of 7527
          id: cet-11205
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 42landucci.docx
        date: 2020-10-05
       words: 3933
      flesch: 38
     summary: Footprinting, scanning, gaining access, escalating privileges and final hacking are the well-known steps for cyber-attacks to IT systems. Four itemized fields allow to introduce an unambiguous classification of the incidents: industrial sector (chemical, petrochemical, energy production, water/wastewater, all defined in Table 2), type of attacker (intentional internal, intentional external, 164 accidental, defined in Table 2); system infected (IT system, OT system), impacts (IC-01: major accident, IC- 02: economic loss, IC-03: PSD/LSD, IC-04: infection of OT system without severe consequences, IC-05: data loss or corruption, IC-06: technical inconveniences at IT level).
    keywords: attacks; csis; cyber; cybersecurity; incidents; process; system; ✔ ✔
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        item: #1063 of 7527
          id: cet-11206
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 42landucci.docx
        date: 2020-10-05
       words: 3797
      flesch: 53
     summary: Figure 2: Risk increase probability values for the test dataset A decision on the risk increase prediction is made by the model by means of a default probability threshold equal to 0.5; meaning that the model predicts risk increase for probability values higher than 0.5. The study focuses on the prediction of risk increase given the indicator trends.
    keywords: analysis; increase; learning; management; model; paltrinieri; risk; study
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        item: #1064 of 7527
          id: cet-11207
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 42landucci.docx
        date: 2020-10-05
       words: 3746
      flesch: 48
     summary:       (4) where: x is maximum corrosion depth; F(x) and f(x) are respectively the cumulative probability function and the density probability function; α and β are respectively the scale and the location parameters of the distribution. The literature shows several applications of statistical approaches based on the extreme value analysis: Joshi (1994) characterised corrosion data obtained from ultrasonic testing of the floor plates of aboveground crude oil storage tanks; Shibata (1991) determined the optimum return period and predicted the maximum corrosion from a Gumbel plot; Kasai et al. (2016) combined the extreme value analysis and the Bayesian inference for the prediction of the maximum depth of corrosion.
    keywords: corrosion; data; depth; equipment; inspection; tank; thickness; value
       cache: cet-11207.pdf
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        item: #1065 of 7527
          id: cet-11208
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 42landucci.docx
        date: 2020-10-05
       words: 3593
      flesch: 43
     summary: Excellent features were confirmed by the portable asset, with a measurement resolution and minimum threshold of 5 ppb, for metal ions concentrations till 100 ppb and a standard deviation of 0.64 ppb. Due to these reasons, there is an interest in the development of specific analytical procedures to measure metal ions in water samples.
    keywords: concentration; cr(vi; measurement; metal; ppm; prototype; results; sample; standard; water
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        item: #1066 of 7527
          id: cet-11209
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 42landucci.docx
        date: 2020-10-05
       words: 3649
      flesch: 60
     summary: After the training, the algorithm is evaluated against the ability to predict the labels of the data included in the evaluation database (i.e. to predict the labels of alarm events that the algorithm has never “seen” before). Therefore, the algorithm produced 6393 predictions (i.e. number of alarm events in the evaluation database); 5990 of them were correct while 403 were incorrect.
    keywords: alarm; chattering; data; database; event; index; learning; machine; time
       cache: cet-11209.pdf
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        item: #1067 of 7527
          id: cet-1121
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - CET--006.docx
        date: 2017-07-25
       words: 3269
      flesch: 51
     summary: Figure 4: Vand gap and doping ratio From the point of view of the changing of band structure, the valence band position of VBM (Valence band maximum) is almost invariable with respect to the system, and the opening and widening of band gap is mainly due to CBM (conduction band minimum). A-(BN)3(C2)1 A-(BN)5(C2)1 Figure 3: Energy band structure 328
    keywords: band; edge; energy; gap; graphene; lattice; nanoribbons; structure; super
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        item: #1068 of 7527
          id: cet-11210
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 42landucci.docx
        date: 2020-10-05
       words: 3495
      flesch: 43
     summary: Considering this scenario, any improvement in the monitoring of water quality, in terms of reliability, frequency of analysis, widening of detected pollutant and data sharing, are of great interest and can strongly decrease the environmental impact of water pollution. A microfluidic system, consisting of glass syringes, micro pumps and degassing systems, allows to acquire the necessary quantity of water sample, filtering the sample through cascade of filters up to nanoporosity, possibly dilute or concentrate the sample, and mix with any reagent.
    keywords: chamber; device; firmware; laser; measurement; mixing; order; phase; sample; system; water
       cache: cet-11210.pdf
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        item: #1069 of 7527
          id: cet-11211
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 42landucci.docx
        date: 2020-10-05
       words: 2769
      flesch: 58
     summary: Acoustic sensors are easy to install and are appropriate for retrofitting. The considered WSN monitors the subsea manifolds through passive acoustic sensors.
    keywords: detection; function; global; sensor; signal; spill; subsea; threshold
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        item: #1070 of 7527
          id: cet-11212
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 42landucci.docx
        date: 2020-10-05
       words: 3886
      flesch: 53
     summary: The corresponding optical setup implemented for analyzing aluminum burning velocity is then exposed. The calculation of the mean value of both data gives a turbulent burning velocity of 37 cm/s for RMS velocity fluctuations of 11 cm/s. Figure 3: Results of burning velocity and RMS velocity fluctuations Table 1: Comparison of burning velocity data with the literature Authors Apparatus used Burning velocity (cm/s) (Goroshin et al., 1996b)
    keywords: burning; flame; fluctuations; method; propagation; rms; tube; velocity
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        item: #1071 of 7527
          id: cet-11213
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 42landucci.docx
        date: 2020-10-05
       words: 4400
      flesch: 52
     summary: 5. Conclusions A consequence analysis on hydrogen fireball generated after an LH2 BLEVE explosion was conducted. The results of the SH2IFT project will be used to validate the results of this analysis and fulfill part of the knowledge gap in hydrogen fireball.
    keywords: analysis; bleve; duration; explosion; fireball; fuel; hydrogen; lh2; tank; tests
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        item: #1072 of 7527
          id: cet-11214
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 42landucci.docx
        date: 2020-10-05
       words: 3082
      flesch: 56
     summary: In particular, for 3 mm orifice and 320 bar the radiation from hydrogen jet flame can cause second degree burn at 2 m axial distance, while for 5 mm orifice 1% lethality is expected. The emissivity coefficient of hydrogen flame is smaller than that of other gaseous fuel flames.
    keywords: bar; flame; flux; heat; hydrogen; jet; orifice; pressure
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        item: #1073 of 7527
          id: cet-11215
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 42landucci.docx
        date: 2020-10-05
       words: 4000
      flesch: 57
     summary: These experimental results were used for validating the zone model CFAST 7.3.2 predictive capability for fire induced pressure. These experimental results were used for validating the zone model CFAST version 7.2.3 predictive capability for fire induced pressure (Brohez et al, 2018b).
    keywords: cfast; fire; heat; model; pressure; room; ventilation; zone
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        item: #1074 of 7527
          id: cet-11216
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 42landucci.docx
        date: 2020-10-05
       words: 3386
      flesch: 55
     summary: Figure 6b clearly shows the increase in water elevation with gas flow rate and nozzle diameter. The results for maximum water elevation clearly show a strong influence of gas flow rate with an increase in elevation with decreasing gas density.
    keywords: air; elevation; figure; flow; fountain; gas; methane; surface; tests; water
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        item: #1075 of 7527
          id: cet-11217
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 42landucci.docx
        date: 2020-10-05
       words: 2666
      flesch: 63
     summary: It caused the explosion of circulating fluidized bed furnace for coal and biomass. Such problems are commonplace in such furnaces and it is essential to carry out regular inspections at suitable intervals and to measure wall thicknesses etc.
    keywords: air; ash; bed; coal; furnace; water
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        item: #1076 of 7527
          id: cet-11218
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 42landucci.docx
        date: 2020-10-05
       words: 3055
      flesch: 62
     summary: For natural gas fire jet this value starts at 0.05 and reaches 0.13 for large flames (>30 meters); for liquid propane jet fire a value of 0.24 is recommended, for higher hydrocarbons a value of 0.45 should be taken (Koseki and Yumoto, 1988). Figure 3: Experimental setups: pump leak (left); cylindrical pan (centre) and liquid propane jet fire (right)
    keywords: figure; fire; flame; flux; heat; jet; powder
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        item: #1077 of 7527
          id: cet-11219
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 42landucci.docx
        date: 2020-10-05
       words: 3235
      flesch: 55
     summary: Proust C., Jamois D., and Studer E., 2011, High pressure hydrogen fires, Int. Xiao J., Kuznetsov M., and Travis J. R., 2018, Experimental and numerical investigations of hydrogen jet fire in a vented compartment, Int.
    keywords: bar; figure; flame; hydrogen; jet; pressure; temperature; test
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        item: #1078 of 7527
          id: cet-1122
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - CET--006.docx
        date: 2017-07-25
       words: 4173
      flesch: 50
     summary: SM and cement have been found to have similar impacts on saline soil dissolve collapsibility, whilst SM has been identified as a more economically viable option. Dissolve collapsibility deformation occurs when the saline soil is in contact with relatively small volume of water for a short time, i.e. during short immerse time when the water volume is small, during which part or all the crystal salt in saline soil dissolves in water.
    keywords: coefficient; collapsibility; curing; dissolve; saline; saline soil; salt; soil; test
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        item: #1079 of 7527
          id: cet-11220
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 42landucci.docx
        date: 2020-10-05
       words: 4444
      flesch: 49
     summary: RPT can be found in the literature under different names which are water explosion, vapor explosion, steam explosion, explosive boiling, thermal explosion, thermal interaction, thermal detonation and molten fuel coolant interaction (MFCI). In this paper, the knowledge gained on molten metals RPT is exploited to understand this explosion for cryogenic fluids.
    keywords: boiling; explosion; film; lh2; liquid; ln2; lng; rpt; temperature; water
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        item: #1080 of 7527
          id: cet-11221
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 42landucci.docx
        date: 2020-10-05
       words: 4406
      flesch: 48
     summary: The simultaneous presence on the same territory of a considerable number of dispersed, high valuable assets (mainly houses) and a high fuel load from vegetation(forests, shrublands and grasslands) which are not generally present in an urban setting, determines an increase in fire risk. Table 1: approach and generalized tools to WUI fires risk evaluation.
    keywords: areas; assessment; data; fire; fuel; risk; structures; urban; wildfire; wildland; wui
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        item: #1081 of 7527
          id: cet-11222
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 42landucci.docx
        date: 2020-10-05
       words: 3361
      flesch: 46
     summary: The capability of the approach is proved by an applicative case-study where the possible escalation from pool fire to a coke oven gas pipeline failure is analysed, within the context of a coal dry distillation plant. Also for this evidence, pool fire represents one of most explored scenario in the scientific literature and a number of different modelling approaches were developed over the years, namely field CFD models, integral models, zone models and semi-empirical models.
    keywords: fire; flame; heat; pipeline; pool; process; radiation; temperature
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        item: #1082 of 7527
          id: cet-11223
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 42landucci.docx
        date: 2020-10-05
       words: 3963
      flesch: 47
     summary: Low temperature combustion of methane/alkenes mixtures. Under the studied conditions, it has been found that the addition of hydrogen and carbon monoxide to methane premixed flames at low temperatures increased ignition delay times in comparison with the pure methane case at the stoichiometric condition.
    keywords: combustion; conditions; fuel; idt; ignition; methane; mixtures; temperature; time
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        item: #1083 of 7527
          id: cet-11224
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 42landucci.docx
        date: 2020-10-05
       words: 3386
      flesch: 50
     summary: In the course of recent modernization work on several tunnels, Strada dei Parchi S.p.A. has decided to set up and train emergency teams as a measure to further reduce the risk to tunnel users. This paper discusses the effectiveness of emergency teams during major events, in particular fire accidents.
    keywords: case; effectiveness; emergency; emergency teams; fire; risk; teams; tunnel; water
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        item: #1084 of 7527
          id: cet-11225
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 42landucci.docx
        date: 2020-10-05
       words: 3214
      flesch: 43
     summary: Figure 3: Variation of DGT transit – Eastbound direction – Year 2015 -15000 -5000 5000 15000 25000 35000 45000 ES T 411 ES T 429 ES T 435 ES T 447 ES T 461 ES T 479 ES T 486 ES T 498 Km Variation of DGT transit – Eastbound direction – Year 2015 Total Meolo S.Donà di P. - Noventa Cessalto S. Stino di L. Nodo A4-A28 Latisana S.Giorgio Porpetto Nodo A4-A23 Palmanova Nodo A4-A34 Redipuglia Monfalcone Ovest Barriera Lisert Monfalcone Ovest 285
    keywords: data; dgt; goods; monitoring; substances; system; transits; transport
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        item: #1085 of 7527
          id: cet-11226
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 42landucci.docx
        date: 2020-10-05
       words: 3689
      flesch: 59
     summary: Globally, counterfeit goods are on the rise, and intellectual property rights enforcement authorities publicly acknowledge that the quantity of goods seized is only a minimum of what gets to individual markets. This finding is also evidenced by a study on the production and trade of counterfeit goods, published by the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) and the European Union Intellectual Property Office (EUIPO), mapping the situation in the individual EU Member States.
    keywords: counterfeit; euipo; european; goods; oecd; trade; transport; value
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        item: #1086 of 7527
          id: cet-11227
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 42landucci.docx
        date: 2020-10-05
       words: 2880
      flesch: 47
     summary: Relevant events and impacts evaluation on the road network Accident handlers and operators are continuously working to improve strategies to ensure the safe and rapid clearance of road accidents (Haule et al., 2019). Figure 2: Example of traffic accident involving a dangerous substance with activation of an alternative route Alternative routes can reduce traffic demand on the road section and avoid users approaching the accident area.
    keywords: accident; emergency; event; goods; management; road; time; traffic; transport; vehicles
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        item: #1087 of 7527
          id: cet-11228
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 42landucci.docx
        date: 2020-10-05
       words: 2598
      flesch: 63
     summary: Therefore, it is essential that urban planning is adapted to today's conditions and, where appropriate, a change in the type of traffic intersections to ensure better throughput. Kaur, D., Sharma, S., 2020, A new two-lane lattice model by considering predictive effect in traffic flow.
    keywords: cars; intersection; results; road; simulation; traffic; transport
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        item: #1088 of 7527
          id: cet-11229
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 42landucci.docx
        date: 2020-10-05
       words: 3918
      flesch: 57
     summary: 2004/54/EC of 29 April 2004 on Minimum Safety Requirements for Tunnels in the Trans-European Road Network Gehandler J., 2015, Road tunnel fire safety and risk: a review. 0,0 0,5 1,0 1,5 2,0 2,5 3,0 3,5 4,0 4,5 ST ON IO R ST ON IO L AR A SA LE RE D AR A SA LE RE L RO VI AN O R RO VI AN O L PIE TR AS EC CA R PIE TR AS EC CA L CO LL E M UL IN O R CO LL E M UL IN O L S. AN GE LO R S. AN GE LO L S. RO CC O R S. RO CC O L GE NZ AN O R GE NZ AN O L S. GI AC OM O R S. GI AC OM O L GR AN SA SS O R GR AN SA SS O L CO LL ED AR A R CO LL ED AR A L CO LL UR AN IA R CO LL UR AN IA L S. DO M EN IC O R S. DO M EN IC O L CO LL E C AS TIG LIO NE R CO LL E C AS TIG LIO NE L O bs er ve d fr eq ue nc ie s [e ve nt s/ ye ar ] Tube name Non relevant events Fire events or fire principles
    keywords: analysis; data; events; fire; road; tunnels
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        item: #1089 of 7527
          id: cet-1123
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - CET--006.docx
        date: 2017-07-25
       words: 3033
      flesch: 55
     summary: Gopalaratnam V.S., Shah S.P., Batson G.B., Criswell M.E., Ramakrishnan V., Wecharatana M., 1991, Fracture toughness of fiber reinforced concrete. Compared with the purely crude fiber and fine fiber concrete, the blended fiber-reinforced concrete has the greatest increase in the tensile strength over the basic concrete.
    keywords: concrete; cracks; fiber; pfrc; polypropylene; strain; temperature; test
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        item: #1090 of 7527
          id: cet-11230
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 42landucci.docx
        date: 2020-10-05
       words: 3237
      flesch: 50
     summary: -4 6 % -3 1 % 0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 7000 33-1203 MOTOR SPIRIT or GASOLINE or PETROL 23-1965 HYDROCARBON GAS MIXTURE LIQUEFIED 90-3082 ENVIRONMENTALLY HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE, LIQUID, N.O.S. 30-1202 GAS OIL or DIESEL FUEL 30-1863 FUEL, AVIATION, TURBINE ENGINE 80-1830 SULPHURIC ACID 225-1073 OXYGEN, REFRIGERA TED LIQUID 22-1977 NITROGEN, REFRIGERATED LIQUID 99-3257 ELEVATED TEMPERATURE LIQUID, N.O.S 30-3256 ELEVATED TEMPERATURE LIQUID, FLAMMABLE N um be r of tr an si ts Trecate gate: transits number of the 10 most transported substances - March 2019 0 2.000 4.000 6.000 8.000 10.000 12.000 January 2019 February 2019 April 2020 March 2020 May 2019 June 2019 July 2019 August 2019 September 2019 October 2019 November 2019 December 2019 January 2020 February 2020 March 2020 N um be r o f t ra ns its Trecate gate: number of gasoline, diesel fuel, oxygen transits - January 2019 - March 2020 MOTOR SPIRIT or GASOLINE or PETROL GAS OIL or DIESEL FUEL OXYGEN, REFRIGERATED LIQUID 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 1 2* 3* 4 5 6 7 8 9* 10* 11 12 13 14 15 16* 17* 18 19 20 21 22 23* 24* 25 26 27 28 29 30* 31* N um be r o f t ra ns its Trecate gate: number of gasoline, diesel fuel, oxygen transits - March 2019 MOTOR SPIRIT or GASOLINE or PETROL GAS OIL or DIESEL FUEL OXYGEN, REFRIGERATED LIQUID 317 As mentioned above, in March 2020 the camera worked from day 1 to day 26. 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 30-1202 GAS OIL or DIESEL FUEL 33-1203 MOTOR SPIRIT or GASOLINE or PETROL 23-1965 HYDROCARBON GAS MIXTURE LIQUEFIED 22-1977 NITROGEN, REFRIGERATED LIQUID 225-1073 OXYGEN, REFRIGERATED LIQUID 30-1863 FUEL, AVIATION, TURBINE ENGINE 90-3082 ENVIRONMENTALLY HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE, LIQUID, N.O.S. 99-3257 ELEVATED TEMPERATURE LIQUID, N.O.S 22-2187 CARBON DIOXIDE, REFRIGERATED LIQUID 22-1951 ARGON REFRIGERA TED LIQUID N um be r of tr an si ts Brescia gate: transits number of the 10 most transported substances - March 2019 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 30-1202 GAS OIL or DIESEL FUEL 33-1203 MOTOR SPIRIT or GASOLINE or PETROL 22-1977 NITROGEN, REFRIGERATED LIQUID 225-1073 OXYGEN, REFRIGERATED LIQUID 23-1965 HYDROCARBON GAS MIXTURE LIQUEFIED 90-3082 ENVIRONMENTALLY HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE, LIQUID, N.O.S. 22-2187 CARBON DIOXIDE, REFRIGERATED LIQUID 99-3257 ELEVATED TEMPERATURE LIQUID, N.O.S 22-1951 ARGON REFRIGERA TED LIQUID 30-1863 FUEL, AVIATION, TURBINE ENGINE N um be r of tr an si ts Brescia gate: transits number of the 10 most transported substances - March 2020
    keywords: diesel; fuel; gasoline; gate; march
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        item: #1091 of 7527
          id: cet-11231
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 42landucci.docx
        date: 2020-10-05
       words: 3952
      flesch: 40
     summary: In Step 2 the plant is divided into process nodes. The division in process nodes may be carried out by a procedure similar to that applied in the HazOp study, as described by the standard IEC 61882 standard (IEC, 2016).
    keywords: bpcs; iec; methodology; plant; process; safety; security; sis; system
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        item: #1092 of 7527
          id: cet-11232
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 42landucci.docx
        date: 2020-10-05
       words: 3963
      flesch: 44
     summary: TMAH solutions (CAS NUMBER 75-59-2, where CAS Number is the registration number of the Chemical Abstracts Service) is a colourless to light yellow solutions and due to its highly alkalinity and toxic properties, there were several accidents of poisoning and deaths caused by TMAH, which is dangerous also in diluted formulations. Table 1: Description of the subsystems analyzed by HAZOP NoSubsystem Design intention Medium 1 Transfer system into N101 Trasnsfer TMAH solution and sulfuric acid in N101 Sulfuric acid line TMAH solution line 2 Neutralization reactor Neutralization of TMAH solution Neutralized TMAH solution 3 Transfer system N101-TK102 Storage TK102 Transfer TMAH solution in TK102 Storage Neutralized TMAH solution 4 Transfer system Tk102-R101 Transfer TMAH solution in R101 Neutralized TMAH solution 5 Biological reactor R101 Degradation of TMAH Culture liquid 6 Transfer system R101-R02 Transfer suspension (bacteria and TMAH solution) in R102 Culture liquid 7 Biological reactor R102 Degradation of TMAH Culture liquid 8 Transfer system R102-R03 Transfer suspension (bacteria and TMAH solution) in R103 Culture liquid 9 Biological reactor R103 Degradation of TMAH Culture liquid 10 Transfer system R103 – tank storage Transfer suspension (bacteria and TMAH solution) in R103 Culture liquid 3.
    keywords: analysis; pilot; plant; process; safety; scale; solution; system; tmah; treatment
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        item: #1093 of 7527
          id: cet-11233
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 42landucci.docx
        date: 2020-10-05
       words: 3399
      flesch: 47
     summary: Figure 4: a) Change in carbon monoxide concentration in non-condensable gaseous products during sunflower husk torrefaction in fluidized bed, b) Change of sulfur dioxide concentration in non-condensable gaseous products during sunflower husks torrefaction process in fluidized bed Table 2 presents the results of chemical analysis of husk (initial husk, husk after torrefaction for 2.5 minutes, husk after torrefaction for 5 minutes, husk after torrefaction for 10 minutes). 333 Figure 2: a) Content of flue gases at the entrance to fluidized bed of sunflower husks (a - oxygen content, b - carbon monoxide content, c - carbon dioxide content), b) Change in temperature of husk fluidized bed in torrefaction process
    keywords: bed; biomass; heat; husk; process; reactor; sunflower; torrefaction
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        item: #1094 of 7527
          id: cet-11234
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 42landucci.docx
        date: 2020-10-05
       words: 3838
      flesch: 35
     summary: Figure 1: (a): Conceptual scheme of different types of chemical methods for carbon NPs synthesis. 4. Conclusions A technique of carbon NPs synthesis at low temperature using lactose and fructose as precursors has been proposed, without the addition of capping agents or surface passivation reagents.
    keywords: carbon; cds; chemical; et al; fructose; lactose; nps; process; surface; synthesis; temperature
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        item: #1095 of 7527
          id: cet-11235
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 42landucci.docx
        date: 2020-10-05
       words: 3935
      flesch: 40
     summary: HF alkylation unit converts some products that are of limited use (i.e. butane, propene, butane) to iso-butane (Tamm et al., 2018). Even though this paper is a summary of the detailed analysis by HAZOP, LOPA, and SIL, it helps understanding why the refineries that operate HF alkylation units 347 are under increasing pressure to maximize the safety of the unit, product quality, and operational procedures, as well as to decrease their environmental impact.
    keywords: acid; analysis; drum; frequency; pfd; process; risk; safety; scenario; sil
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        item: #1096 of 7527
          id: cet-11236
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 42landucci.docx
        date: 2021-01-13
       words: 3058
      flesch: 44
     summary: Different techniques have been applied for the treatment of industrial effluents containing dyes, such as biological reactions (Rai et al., 2005) and physicochemical processes, as adsorption (Boutemak et al., 2019) including the work of Rubio (2018) who used Cassava Bark residue (CBR) as adsorbent materials to remove methylene blue from aqueous solution and that of Kang (2020) who used a biomaterial prepared from Escherichia coli biomass, coagulation/flocculation (Bouyakoub et al., 2010), electrochemical oxidation (Dutta et al., 2001), nanofiltration, precipitation (Ben Mansour et al., 2011) and membrane separation processes such as liquid membranes (Hilmi et al., 2018) which have been used for the removal of organic and metallic pollutants from aqueous solutions, have shown great potential, especially in cases where solute concentrations are relatively low and other techniques cannot be applied effectively (Taoualit et al., 2016). Another reason is possible: it is a possible dimerization of TOPO at high concentrations in organic phase, which could make complexation of MB by TOPO at the first interface difficult (Kim et al., 2001).
    keywords: carrier; extraction; membrane; phase; ppm; solution; topo; transport
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        item: #1097 of 7527
          id: cet-11237
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 42landucci.docx
        date: 2020-10-05
       words: 3045
      flesch: 40
     summary: In the next part of the paper the simple model describing the relaxation impact of the pollutions in the system of interconnecting water reservoirs after wastewater emissions through the broken dams has been submitted. The pollution relaxation times in the system of water reservoirs have been studied.
    keywords: dam; discharge; filtration; relaxation; reservoirs; system; water
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        item: #1098 of 7527
          id: cet-11238
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 42landucci.docx
        date: 2020-10-05
       words: 2711
      flesch: 49
     summary: Under discharge conditions, at the flow rate of 1,500,000 kg/h, the water velocity becomes 1.2 m/s. Of course, this procedure is affected by the uncertainty about the cooling water return system configuration and operating conditions downstream of the exchanger 364 Figure 4: Inlet (×) and outlet (∆) cooling water flow flowrate Figure 5: Calculated pressures in the shell at water flow points, inlet (×), middle (∆) and outlet (◊) points Figure 6 shows the change of the liquid volume fraction in the heat exchanger shell and the fluid velocity. Pressure values are collected at 3 points: 1 m after the pipe rupture, at the middle of shell, and near the water exit point.
    keywords: exchanger; fluid; heat; pressure; rupture; shell; tube; water
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        item: #1099 of 7527
          id: cet-11239
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 42landucci.docx
        date: 2020-10-05
       words: 3131
      flesch: 50
     summary: In fact, other aspects change when changing the substance: • considering the correspondent LFL value means different observed concentrations • considering typical handling conditions means different source pressures Therefore, to fruitfully show which is the dependency of the ME upon only the substance change, it was needed to define a proper space that allowed to offset both the different concentrations observed, and the different source pressures considered. The reason can be explained by the different buoyancy effect: hydrogen jets driving up, while methane and propane jets stay parallel to the ground (and thus resulting much more affected by it).
    keywords: effect; ground; hydrogen; jet; jets; methane; pressure
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        item: #1100 of 7527
          id: cet-1124
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - CET--006.docx
        date: 2017-07-25
       words: 3081
      flesch: 47
     summary: In order to evaluate the effects of various chemical admixtures on cement strength, three aspects are mainly measured: water consumption of normal consistency, cement paste fluidity and compressive strength. This paper adopts different chemical admixtures, studies the effects of admixtures on cement strength, analyzes the influence of different admixtures on the physical and mechanical properties of cement, and provides reference significance for improving the performance of cement binding materials.
    keywords: admixtures; cement; figure; mixing; sodium; strength
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        item: #1101 of 7527
          id: cet-11240
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 42landucci.docx
        date: 2020-10-05
       words: 3472
      flesch: 50
     summary: Storage tanks are vulnerable units from a safety point of view: external fires might affect LNG tanks leading to their catastrophic failure with a possibility of accident escalation. Conclusions The CFD modelling approach presented in this work allowed to study the response of LNG tanks to a complex scenario such as a distant pool fire and to analyze the influence of the tank size and filling degree on vessel pressure build-up and wall temperature rise.
    keywords: case; fire; liquid; lng; pool; pressure; storage; tank; temperature; wall
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        item: #1102 of 7527
          id: cet-11241
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 42landucci.docx
        date: 2020-10-05
       words: 2890
      flesch: 41
     summary: Keywords: air quality, data driven model, machine learning, ozone, environmental quality. Eapi G.R., Sattler M., Manry M.T., 2013, Comprehensive ozone forecasting model using neural networks, Conference paper.
    keywords: air; data; figure; fold; model; ozone; set; time; validation
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        item: #1103 of 7527
          id: cet-11242
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 42landucci.docx
        date: 2020-10-05
       words: 3312
      flesch: 41
     summary: The change in source particle material from Cu to Ag determines an increase in the collision time (panel c) but seems not to affect the normal relative velocity at the beginning of contacts (panel d). The trends are the same seen before for the normal impact velocity, with a negligible effect of the change in source particle material from Cu to Ag.
    keywords: container; et al; particle; reverberi; system; velocity; zro2
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        item: #1104 of 7527
          id: cet-11243
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 42landucci.docx
        date: 2020-10-05
       words: 2498
      flesch: 50
     summary: If 1 − − 1 < 0, that implies that the reason > 1 o > , the root interior makes the number imaginary − − 1 = − 1 (16) and the Equation will take the form , = (17) To solve this, it is considered the development of the square root of a complex number has the form of a complex number z = a + jb − − 1 (5) as for the factor of phase: 1 − + 1 (6) 392 To verify the initial feasibility of the model the values which take these factors against various forms of natural water are found and compared and presented in Table 1.
    keywords: = ±; = −; − −
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        item: #1105 of 7527
          id: cet-11244
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 42landucci.docx
        date: 2020-10-05
       words: 4034
      flesch: 45
     summary: The present study – to the best of the authors’ knowledge – is a first attempt at employing the tools of chemometric analysis for the interpretation of acid gas removal process data. References Antonioni, G., Dal Pozzo, A., Guglielmi, D., Tugnoli, A., Cozzani, V., 2016, Enhanced modelling of heterogeneous gas–solid reactions in acid gas removal dry processes, Chem.
    keywords: acid; dal; gas; hcl; model; pls; pozzo; process; system; variables; waste
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        item: #1106 of 7527
          id: cet-11245
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 42landucci.docx
        date: 2020-10-05
       words: 3185
      flesch: 21
     summary: The adding of activated biosuspension as an indicator for subsequent quantitative modeling can be carried out in two ways, shown in Figure 2. Figure 2: The scheme for adding the biosuspension into the polluted groundwater flow: a) from the soil surface with its subsequent filtration through the vadoze zone; b) injection through perforated pipes (wells): 1 - zone of oil pollution (oil lens), 2 - underground aquifer, 3 - biosuspension In the planned experiment, biosuspension is introduced both ways: mixed with pumped-out liquid stream through the infiltration gallery and directly using the injection wells (Figure 3). Activated oil destructing microorganisms contribute to the decomposition of hydrocarbon pollution as part of suspended mixture, therefore, their quantity will correlate with the concentration of the pollutant in the medium and can be used for its approximate estimation.
    keywords: concentration; contamination; environment; hydrocarbon; microorganisms; number; oil; pollution; soil
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        item: #1107 of 7527
          id: cet-11246
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 42landucci.docx
        date: 2020-10-05
       words: 4289
      flesch: 44
     summary: Ottaviani E., Asnaghi V., Chiantore M., Pedroncini A., Bertolotto, R., 2015, Statistical methods for the analysis of Ostreopsis ovata bloom events from meteo-marine data, Proceedings of CLADAG 2015 10th Scientific Meeting of the Classification and Data Analysis Group of the Italian Statistical Society, Cagliari (Italy), 8– 10 Oct 2015, Volume: Book of Abstracts (ISBN: 978–88-8467–749-9). Totti C., Accoroni S., Cerino F., Cucchiari E., Romagnoli T., 2010, Ostreopsis ovata bloom along the Conero Riviera (northern Adriatic Sea): Relationships with environmental conditions and substrata, Harmful Algae, 9, 233-239. Turki S., Harzallah A., Sammari C., 2006, Occurrence of harmful dinoflagellates in two different Tunisian ecosystems: the lake of Bizerte and the Gulf of Gabes, Cah.
    keywords: bloom; data; events; mediterranean; model; ostreopsis; ovata; phase; sea
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        item: #1108 of 7527
          id: cet-11247
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 42landucci.docx
        date: 2020-10-05
       words: 3894
      flesch: 43
     summary: Factors that affect GO membrane performances in the removal of HM ions from wastewater (e.g., pH, temperature, pressure, initial feed concentration, metal ions solubility in solution, interaction between solution and GO membrane, complexing agent), as well as several proposed rejection- mechanisms (e.g., size exclusion, adsorption, and electrostatic interaction) have been reviewed and discussed in a comprehensive way. GO membranes could be constructed as a free-standing membrane, a modified/support membrane, a thin-film composite membrane, or a mixed-matrix membrane.
    keywords: chemical; graphene; ions; layer; membrane; metal; oxide; rejection; removal; water; zhang
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        item: #1109 of 7527
          id: cet-11248
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 42landucci.docx
        date: 2020-10-05
       words: 4150
      flesch: 49
     summary: The adsorption results revealed that waste tire activated carbon (WTAC) was more effective than waste tire pyrolysis char (WTPC) on the removal of lead ions from aqueous solution. Keywords: Waste tire activated carbon, Adsorption, Adsorption isotherms 1.
    keywords: adsorbent; adsorption; carbon; ions; lead; removal; solution; waste; wtac; wtpc
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        item: #1110 of 7527
          id: cet-11249
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 42landucci.docx
        date: 2022-07-30
       words: 2714
      flesch: 42
     summary: Presented results show that deep eutectic solvent - Camphor (C) with Guaiacol (Gu) in 1:1 molar ratio has the highest values of purification efficiency for purification model biogas of single volatile organic compounds and their mixture. For biogas purification, hexadecane, ionic and non-ionic deep eutectic solvents composed of natural non-toxic components i.e. camphor, guaiacol, urea, choline chloride were used as new absorbents.
    keywords: absorption; biogas; chromatography; efficiency; figure; nose; process; purification; sample
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        item: #1111 of 7527
          id: cet-1125
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - CET--006.docx
        date: 2017-07-25
       words: 3632
      flesch: 54
     summary: Aluminum powder (%) Water-material ratio Gold tailings Cement Lime Gypsum 58.17 12.94 25.89 3.00 0.05 0.61 Figure 3: The relationship between gold tailings grinding time and compressive strength and between grinding time and specific strength 3.3 Mechanism analysis 3.3.1 XRD analysis of gold tailings at different grinding time And the longer the gold tailings grinding time is, the greater the surface energy of the powder is, and it is more likely for powders to agglomerate and encompass activated crystal faces such that improving the performance of the aerated concrete products by preventing activated crystal planes from being active.
    keywords: concrete; gold; gold tailings; grinding; grinding time; strength; surface; tailings; time
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        item: #1112 of 7527
          id: cet-11250
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 42landucci.docx
        date: 2022-07-30
       words: 2921
      flesch: 43
     summary: In the case of many odorous compounds, even a high degree of their removal from gas streams does not guarantee that they will be imperceptible to the human sense of smell. Similar efficiency of cyclohexane removal was obtained in our previous study (Rybarczyk et al., 2019b) where the n-butanol concentration in the inlet stream was 25% 436 higher than in this study.
    keywords: butanol; cyclohexane; efficiency; gas; process; recycling; removal; stream
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        item: #1113 of 7527
          id: cet-11251
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 42landucci.docx
        date: 2020-10-05
       words: 2952
      flesch: 45
     summary: The indexes were grouped into two categories: chemical and process safety. Based on tech-economic analysis, inherent safety assessment was performed using the combination chemical safety index relying on physical properties and process safety index relying on operating condition.
    keywords: chemical; co2; dmc; economic; process; ratio; roi; safety
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        item: #1114 of 7527
          id: cet-11252
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 42landucci.docx
        date: 2020-10-05
       words: 2551
      flesch: 51
     summary: Furthermore, with oxyhydrogen gas a favorable reduction in the emission of polluting gases into the environment was found. Consequently, the values obtained indicated that the use of oxyhydrogen gas as fuel is very favorable due to its lower generation of polluting gases into the environment.
    keywords: combustion; figure; fuel; gas; gasoline; oxyhydrogen; oxyhydrogen gas; system; vehicle
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        item: #1115 of 7527
          id: cet-11253
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 42landucci.docx
        date: 2020-10-05
       words: 2979
      flesch: 46
     summary: Results show a bioscrubber technology as the best one to reduce NO2 concentrations at 100, 1000, 3000 m from the emission point of 74, 75, 70 %, respectively. Dispersion modeling was carried out for the estimation of NO2 concentrations from biomass power plants by Chusai et al.
    keywords: biomass; concentrations; dispersion; gasifier; no2; plume; stability
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        item: #1116 of 7527
          id: cet-11254
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 42landucci.docx
        date: 2020-10-05
       words: 3366
      flesch: 45
     summary: Due to the complex mechanism of the reactions, it is difficult to develop a model for the dependence of the rate of photocatalytic degradation on the experimental parameters throughout the duration of the treatment. Thus, the kinetic modeling of the photocatalytic process is generally limited to the analysis of the initial rate of photocatalytic degradation.
    keywords: air; cyclohexane; degradation; fiber; media; photocatalytic; rate; reactor; tio2
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        item: #1117 of 7527
          id: cet-11255
      author: raffaella
       title: 001.docx
        date: 2021-01-11
       words: 3153
      flesch: 43
     summary: The model is tested with a case study of three scenarios, each with different numbers of water headers. The results obtained show a significant freshwater saving of 98 % from the inter-plant indirect water integration in Scenario 3, which had the highest number of water headers and regeneration units.
    keywords: freshwater; header; plant; quality; wastewater; water
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        item: #1118 of 7527
          id: cet-11256
      author: raffaella
       title: 001.docx
        date: 2021-01-11
       words: 2975
      flesch: 47
     summary: 2. Materials and methods 2.1 Sources on mercury release According to the UNEP (UNEP Chemicals, 2017) and Chinese research (Hui et al., 2017), the sources can be identified five source categories of anthropogenic mercury release, extraction and combustion (C1), mineral production (C2), intentional uses (C3), secondary metal production (C4), and waste treatment (C5) (Table 1); and 61 subsources. Table 1: Sources of mercury release in China C1 Extraction and combustion C2 Mineral production C3 Intentional uses C4 Secondary metal production C5 Waste treatment C1.1 Coal -combustion and use (6) C2.1 Virgin metal production (8) C3.1 Uses in industrial processes (2 ) C4.1 Production of recycled mercury (1) C5.1 Waste form C1 (3) C1.2 Mineral oils- extraction, refining and use (5) C2.2 Minerals and materials production (1) C3.2 Uses in consumer products (
    keywords: china; mercury; mineral; production; release; total
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        item: #1119 of 7527
          id: cet-11257
      author: raffaella
       title: 001.docx
        date: 2021-01-11
       words: 4510
      flesch: 48
     summary: In line with the current FW management condition and societal needs in Malaysia, as well as taking reference from FW management systems in some cities such as Aarhus in Denmark and Oslo in Norway, this paper aims to establish a sustainable framework of FW collection via optic bag system and food waste valorisation to renewable biogas. Table 1 shows a summary of the countries that implemented waste collection with different coloured bags.
    keywords: bags; biogas; collection; energy; food; malaysia; management; plant; sorting; system; waste
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        item: #1120 of 7527
          id: cet-11258
      author: raffaella
       title: 001.docx
        date: 2021-01-11
       words: 3495
      flesch: 41
     summary: Although MVR evaporation system was proven efficient in optimal site heat integrations for the reported case studies, MVR applications in POME evaporation has yet been studied. By dewatering the effluent, POME evaporation technology provides opportunities in water recycling, oil recovery, effluent elimination and process integration with downstream refinery.
    keywords: energy; evaporation; mee; mvr; oil; palm; pobc; pome; steam
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        item: #1121 of 7527
          id: cet-11259
      author: raffaella
       title: 001.docx
        date: 2021-01-11
       words: 3652
      flesch: 46
     summary: Based on this projection, HELE coal plant requires to pay huge amount of carbon credit with enormous penalty due to the excessive amount of CO2 emissions throughout the year, which render negative investment opportunity for CCS plant underpinning the analysis from net profit composite (Section 3.2). To drive CCS deployment towards zero emission from HELE coal plant, the improved evaluation framework is designed to maximize annual plant revenue by meeting the energy demand (gross load).
    keywords: carbon; ccs; china; co2; coal; cost; emission; hele; investment; plant; power; price
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        item: #1122 of 7527
          id: cet-1126
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - CET--006.docx
        date: 2017-07-25
       words: 3430
      flesch: 52
     summary: The Effect of Different Admixtures on the Basic Properties of Recycled Pervious Concrete Jian Lianga*, Xikai Dub, Puyuan Liua, Jianrui Shia a School of Structural Engineering, Agricultural University of Hebei, Baoding 071000, China b Institute of Urban and Rural Construction, Agricultural University of Hebei, Baoding 071000, China lj258217@163.com In this paper, we tested the effects of different admixtures at different dosages on compressive strength and water permeability of recycled pervious concrete. Our research findings provide an alternative of admixtures and their dosage in promoting the practical utilization of recycled pervious concrete.
    keywords: aggregate; ash; cement; concrete; fly; fume; permeability; silica; strength; water
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        item: #1123 of 7527
          id: cet-11261
      author: raffaella
       title: 001.docx
        date: 2021-01-11
       words: 3718
      flesch: 46
     summary: After cascaded of heat energy from highest temperature to lowest temperature, the pinch point will show the temperature where the maximum energy recovery takes place. Heat source which is the amount of heat energy required to be cooled off and heat sink which is the minimum heat energy required to fulfill the heat demand are identified.
    keywords: consumption; energy; gas; heat; integration; power; storage; system; turbine; utility
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        item: #1124 of 7527
          id: cet-11262
      author: raffaella
       title: 001.docx
        date: 2021-01-11
       words: 3590
      flesch: 61
     summary: Figure 3: Waste collection routes in (a) Early morning, (b) Morning, Afternoon and (d) Evening in TDs (a) (b) (c) (d) 45 Morning was the main shift for SWC with 29 routes operated. 3.2 Working shifts of solid waste collection in TDs The Table 1 showed general information on the current solid waste collection system in TD.
    keywords: carts; collection; figure; pham; swcs; waste
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        item: #1125 of 7527
          id: cet-11263
      author: raffaella
       title: 001.docx
        date: 2021-01-11
       words: 3624
      flesch: 57
     summary: 4. Conclusions The stability test for carrot lip balms was successfully examined. In this study, 20 g of lip balm formulations were prepared for each ratio of VCO to the carrot.
    keywords: balm; carrot; formulation; lip; lip balm; product; stability; test
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        item: #1126 of 7527
          id: cet-11264
      author: raffaella
       title: 001.docx
        date: 2021-01-11
       words: 4485
      flesch: 42
     summary: This paper introduces a new way of fish sludge management in aquaponics: recovering nutrients from fish sludge and reintroducing them into the system as liquid fertilizer. Current commercial aquaponics technologies only recycle liquid effluent but considerable amount of fish sludge is filtered out of the system as waste, and therefore, a great proportion of nutrients in the sludge has not re-utilized as resource.
    keywords: anaerobic; aquaculture; aquaponics; et al; fish; fish sludge; nutrient; recovery; sludge; system; water
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        item: #1127 of 7527
          id: cet-11265
      author: raffaella
       title: 001.docx
        date: 2021-01-11
       words: 3411
      flesch: 39
     summary: The geothermal energy resource of Indonesia could potentially help achieve this target, but there are environmental challenges associated with geothermal energy exploration. Literature published to date did not consider the use of LCA to specifically assess the environmental impacts of geothermal energy exploration.
    keywords: carbon; cycle; energy; exploration; footprint; geothermal; hole; indonesia; life; pad; project
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        item: #1128 of 7527
          id: cet-11266
      author: raffaella
       title: 001.docx
        date: 2021-01-11
       words: 3357
      flesch: 52
     summary: 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 0.00 0.20 0.40 0.60 0.80 1.00 N 2 A d so rb e d V o l ( cc /g ) Relative pressure (P/Po) FAU-Z FAU-MZ LTA-Z LTA-MZ 0.00 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.04 0 5 10 15 20 d V ( cc /n m /g ) Pore diameter (nm) FAU-MZ FAU-Z LTA-Z LTA-MZ (a) (b) 69 (a) (b) Figure 3: CO2 adsorption on (a) zeolites and mesostructured zeolites at 30 °C and (b) CH4 adsorption on zeolite FAU and mesostructured zeolite FAU The CO2/CH4 selectivity was calculated by using ideal adsorption solution theory (IAST) (Walton and Sholl, 2015). Pressure (atm) LTA-Z LTA-MZ FAU-Z FAU-MZ 0 2 4 6 8 10 0.00 0.50 1.00 A d o so rb e d C H 4 (S T P c c /g ) Pressure (atm) FAU-MZ FAU-Z 10 20 30 40 50 60 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 36 25 19 15 12 47 32 25 20 16C O 2 /C H 4 s e le c ti v it y CO2 molar fraction in gas mixture FAU-Z FAU-MZ 70 Figure 5: Time’s effect on CO2 adsorption of zeolite FAU and mesostructured zeolite FAU Table 1: Kinetic parameters of the CO2 adsorption process of FAU-Z and FAU-MZ Sample Pseudo 1st order Pseudo 2nd order k1 (1/s) R 2 k2 (1/s(mmol/g))
    keywords: adsorption; ch4; co2; fau; lta; mesostructured; pore; zeolite
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        item: #1129 of 7527
          id: cet-11267
      author: raffaella
       title: 001.docx
        date: 2021-01-11
       words: 4107
      flesch: 52
     summary: International Energy Agency reported that 18 % of ASEAN energy comes from hydropower and will be projected for next decade (IEA, 2019). Table 1 shows a summary of drought phenomenon occurred in ASEAN region.
    keywords: asean; biomass; climate; drought; energy; impact; phenomenon; sources; supply; water
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        item: #1130 of 7527
          id: cet-11268
      author: raffaella
       title: 001.docx
        date: 2021-01-11
       words: 3701
      flesch: 52
     summary: Ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) is an extraction method that could be applied in oil extraction industries to improve oil yield and reduce processing time, and can benefit the edible oil industry. 4. Conclusions This study successfully demonstrated the potential of ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) to optimise the extraction of S. macrophylla seed oil.
    keywords: amplitude; extraction; macrophylla; oil; ratio; seed; solvent; time; yield
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        item: #1131 of 7527
          id: cet-11269
      author: raffaella
       title: 001.docx
        date: 2021-01-11
       words: 3656
      flesch: 53
     summary: Hot utilitiy (kW) 355.2 337.5 440.2 Cold utility (kW) 60.6 42.9 145.6 Reduced hot utility 63.26% 65.09% 54.47% Reduced cold utility 90.98% 93.62% 78.34% Annualised utility cost (USD/y) 18,772 16,058 19,900 Utility saving (USD/y) 52,884 55,598 51,756 Additional units 4 4 3 Additional heat transfer area (m2) 156 220 173 Investment cost (USD) 168,650 183,675 137,679 Annualised capital cost (USD/y) 19,816 21,582 16,177 Total annualised cost (USD/y) 38,582 37,640 36,078 Figure 2: Grid diagram of the HEN after retrofitting using constrained PSO 4. Lai Y.Q., Wan Alwi S.R., Manan Z.A., 2019, Customised retrofit of heat exchanger network combining area distribution and targeted investment, Energy 179, 1054–1066.
    keywords: cost; exchanger; heat; method; pso; retrofit; temperatures; total; utility
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        item: #1132 of 7527
          id: cet-1127
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - CET--006.docx
        date: 2017-07-25
       words: 4143
      flesch: 59
     summary: (a) observed profile of A-a. (b) observed profile of B-b. (c) observed profile of C-c Table 1: Coal structure characteristics in different deformation region Region Coal thickness (m) Coal body structure characteristics Deformed coal type Deformed coal thickness (m) At the fold axis, the compression degree of the rock is the largest, and the stress generated by the deformation in coal seam is also the largest.
    keywords: coal; coal seam; deformation; gas; outburst; seam; thickness
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        item: #1133 of 7527
          id: cet-11270
      author: raffaella
       title: 001.docx
        date: 2021-01-11
       words: 4111
      flesch: 39
     summary: Whether lithium cobalt oxide can be regenerated determines the effectiveness of this technology for the recovery of spent lithium ion batteries. Xiao, J., Li, J., Xu, Z., 2020, Challenges to future development of spent lithium ion batteries recovery from environmental and technological perspectives.
    keywords: batteries; cathode; cobalt; concentration; leaching; licoo2; lithium; regeneration; system
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        item: #1134 of 7527
          id: cet-11271
      author: raffaella
       title: 001.docx
        date: 2021-01-11
       words: 3533
      flesch: 51
     summary: Negative emissions technologies (NETs) will contribute to this goal by reducing GHG concentrations in the atmosphere. Implementation of negative emissions technologies (NETs) will play an important role in addressing this need.
    keywords: data; nets; neutrosophic; options; technologies; tolerance; uncertainty
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        item: #1135 of 7527
          id: cet-11272
      author: raffaella
       title: 001.docx
        date: 2021-01-11
       words: 3728
      flesch: 47
     summary: This is the first work that employs P-graph method for the optimal synthesis of an IBR utilizing residues from rice production processes and facilities. A case study utilizing waste from rice production in the Philippines is used to demonstrate the methodology.
    keywords: graph; ibr; optimal; process; production; rice; units; usd
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        item: #1136 of 7527
          id: cet-11273
      author: raffaella
       title: 001.docx
        date: 2021-01-11
       words: 3511
      flesch: 54
     summary: Awasthi A., Shukla A.K., S.R M.M., Dondariya C., Shukla K.N., Porwal D., Richhariya G., 2020, Review on sun tracking technology in solar PV system, Energy Reports, 6, 392-405. Cooper P., 1969, The absorption of radiation in solar stills, Solar energy, 12(3), 333-346. This paper aims to evaluate the performance of solar tracking system in Malaysia, including the east-west single-axis tracking system, north-south single-axis tracking system, vertical axis tracking system, and dual-axis tracking system.
    keywords: angle; axis; azimuth; radiation; system; tilt; tracking
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        item: #1137 of 7527
          id: cet-11274
      author: raffaella
       title: 001.docx
        date: 2021-01-11
       words: 3231
      flesch: 55
     summary: Flesis S., Hill J.K., Mclean C., Lucey J.M., 2017, Potential impacts of climate change on oil palm cultivation, A science for policy paper by SENSOR programme, York, United Kingdom, 1-17. Kartika N.D., Astika I.W., Santosa, E., 2016, Oil palm yield forecasting based on weather variables using artificial neural network, Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 3(3), 626- 633. Though the productivity of oil palm plantations depends on various agroclimatic conditions and agronomic practices, the palm age, rainfall, and temperature are critical variables determining the yield.
    keywords: change; climate; ffb; oil; palm; plantation; temperature; yield
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        item: #1138 of 7527
          id: cet-11275
      author: raffaella
       title: 001.docx
        date: 2021-05-12
       words: 4395
      flesch: 57
     summary: MPV reactions are normally catalyzed homogeneously by metal alkoxides such as aluminum isopropoxide Al(OiPr)3 In recent years, modifications of MPV reactions have been introduced to address some of the remaining problems, including long reaction times, solvent selection, side reactions, workup issues, and catalyst effectiveness by exploring novel catalytic systems.
    keywords: cdcl3; mhz; microwave; mol%; nmr; ppm; reaction
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        item: #1139 of 7527
          id: cet-11276
      author: raffaella
       title: 001.docx
        date: 2021-01-11
       words: 3847
      flesch: 36
     summary: 5. Conclusion This study has proposed a new design of wastewater treatment system using an integrated system of sedimentation, coagulation-flocculation, Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket (UASB) and Modified Ludzack- Ettinger (MLE) that can be implemented to improve wastewater treatment of fish cannery in Bali. The objective of this study is to obtain a feasible design of wastewater treatment system that can be implemented in pilot-scale facility.
    keywords: bod; effluent; fish; nitrogen; sludge; system; treatment; wastewater
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        item: #1140 of 7527
          id: cet-11277
      author: raffaella
       title: 001.docx
        date: 2021-01-11
       words: 3597
      flesch: 43
     summary: After wetland treatment, the sulfide could not be detected anymore using analysis equipment with detection limit less 137 than 0.1 mg/L. The strict standard of sulfide in raw water for potable use could also be met after wetland treatment that reduced the sulfide concentration from 0.438 mg/L down to non-detectable range.
    keywords: cod; effluent; fish; removal; treatment; tss; wastewater; water; wetland
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        item: #1141 of 7527
          id: cet-11278
      author: raffaella
       title: 001.docx
        date: 2021-01-11
       words: 3987
      flesch: 56
     summary: In this study, the use of two different kinds of absorption heat pump systems for direct incorporation with the utility system in TSHI is presented. This paper integrates two different kinds of absorption cycle heat pump which are absorption heat pump (AHP) and absorption heat transformer (AHT) into the context of TSHI.
    keywords: absorption; ahp; aht; energy; heat; integration; pump; system; total
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        item: #1142 of 7527
          id: cet-11279
      author: raffaella
       title: 001.docx
        date: 2021-01-11
       words: 3458
      flesch: 40
     summary: A narrow boundary might leave out some important interlinkages, resulting to under-estimate the integrity and complexity of WEC nexus system. doi: 10.1016/j.rser.2020.109883 Li H., Zhao Y., Lin J., 2020, A review of the energy–carbon–water nexus: Concepts, research focuses, mechanisms, and methodologies, Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews: Energy and Environment, 9(1), 358.
    keywords: analysis; assessment; carbon; energy; nexus; system; water; wec; wec nexus
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        item: #1143 of 7527
          id: cet-1128
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - CET--006.docx
        date: 2017-07-25
       words: 2805
      flesch: 53
     summary: In order to find out the mechanism electricity- modification silicification grouted loess, a scanning electron microscope (SEM), type S-3700N, was used to carried out the microstructure test of natural loess and modified loess samples, which the test was carried out in high vacuum while the samples were coated with a layer of metal film. The surface attachment of modified loess particles increased.
    keywords: content; engineering; figure; loess; silicate; soil; strength; test
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        item: #1144 of 7527
          id: cet-11280
      author: raffaella
       title: 001.docx
        date: 2021-01-11
       words: 3603
      flesch: 41
     summary: Among those, coagulation-flocculation is one of the most appropriate and low-cost methods for harvesting microalgae. Successful use A.niger as bio-flocculant would develop low-energy and chemical-free for future applications for microalgae harvesting and high mass production of biofuels from microalgae based (Pradana et al., 2017).
    keywords: aquaculture; bio; chlorella; concentration; harvesting; microalgae; treatment; wastewater
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        item: #1145 of 7527
          id: cet-11281
      author: raffaella
       title: 001.docx
        date: 2021-01-11
       words: 3424
      flesch: 57
     summary: The developed model determines the optimised area under each land type to be used for sago plantation expansion based on the trade-off between expansion cost and carbon emissions. The total land area of the different land use types is pooled and this work aims to provide expansion strategies by determining the optimised area under each land type to be used for sago plantation expansion based on the trade-off between expansion cost and carbon emissions.
    keywords: carbon; cost; emission; expansion; land; objective; plantation; sago
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        item: #1146 of 7527
          id: cet-11282
      author: raffaella
       title: 001.docx
        date: 2021-01-11
       words: 3976
      flesch: 51
     summary: However, a challenge still exists in determining the levels of biochar contaminants that the soil can tolerate. Figure 1: Source-sink superstructure for biochar network 4.
    keywords: bcmns; biochar; carbon; contaminant; contamination; risk; sink; soil
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        item: #1147 of 7527
          id: cet-11283
      author: raffaella
       title: 001.docx
        date: 2021-01-11
       words: 3208
      flesch: 36
     summary: The framework designed by the fusion of the key features of the ESI of measuring the overall progress towards environmental sustainability and RSPO of encouraging the growth and use of sustainable oil palm products, exhibits an organized, procedural and scientific pathway of measuring the environmental performance of palm oil manufacturing entities. Both qualitative and quantitative measurement, operating in conjunction, is very much needed in a system as critical and dynamic with complex inter-relationship and linkages between various subsystems such as environmental sustainability.
    keywords: data; environmental; esi; index; indicators; oil; palm; rspo; sustainability
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        item: #1148 of 7527
          id: cet-11284
      author: raffaella
       title: 001.docx
        date: 2021-01-11
       words: 3656
      flesch: 43
     summary: Several strategies have been conducted by the researchers to improve isobutanol production yield in fermentation. Reports about optimization of isobutanol production using Response Surface Methodology are virtually lacking.
    keywords: concentration; extract; fermentation; glucose; isobutanol; medium; optimization; peptone; production; yeast
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        item: #1149 of 7527
          id: cet-11285
      author: raffaella
       title: 001.docx
        date: 2021-01-11
       words: 3281
      flesch: 41
     summary: This research intends to promote the eco-friendly transportation by reflecting other benefit indicators represented by the wider impact parameters, such as health benefits. Through this study, an efficient and more adequate feasibility methodology for evaluating the eco-friendly transportation policies was suggested, as the research intended to present the development direction for the analysis of health benefits suitable for domestic analysis and the selection of reference values.
    keywords: analysis; benefits; bicycle; cycling; health; impact; table; transportation; walking; ○ ○
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        item: #1150 of 7527
          id: cet-11287
      author: raffaella
       title: 001.docx
        date: 2021-01-11
       words: 4028
      flesch: 56
     summary: Organic wastes can be valorised by mixing with other organic wastes to fulfil the requirement of designated bioprocesses such as the production of H2, CH4 and C2H5OH. Each bioprocess has unique NC:N requirement, co- digestion able to adjust the NC:N of the feedstock using multiple sources of organic wastes.
    keywords: demand; nitrogen; pinch; point; scc; supply
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        item: #1151 of 7527
          id: cet-11288
      author: raffaella
       title: 001.docx
        date: 2021-01-11
       words: 2815
      flesch: 55
     summary: Prachayawarakorn J., Tamseekhram J., 2019, Chemical modification of biodegradable cassava starch films by natural mono-, di- and tri-carboxylic acids, Songklanakarin Journal of Science and Technology 41, 355– 362. Qin Y., Wang W., Zhang H., Dai Y., Hou H., Dong H., 2019, Effects of citric acid on structures and properties of thermoplastic hydroxypropyl amylomaize starch films, Materials 12(9), 1565, DOI: 10.3390/ma12091565 Reddy N., Yang Y., 2010, Citric acid cross-linking of starch films, Food Chemistry 118, 702–711. Rusman R., Majid R.A., Rahman W.A.W.A, Low J.H., 2017, Carboxymethyl cassava starch/polyurethane dispersion blend as surface sizing agent, Chemical Engineering Transactions 56, 1171–1176. Menzel C., Olsson E., Plivelic T.S., Andersson R., Johansson C., Kuktaite R., Järnström L., Koch K., 2013, Molecular structure of citric acid cross-linked starch films, Carbohydrate Polymer 96, 270–276. Olivato J.B., Grossmann M.V.E., Bilck A.P., Yamashita F., 2012, Effect of organic acids as additives on the performance of thermoplastic starch/polyester blown films, Carbohydrate Polymer 90, 159–164.
    keywords: acid; crosslinking; film; properties; starch
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        item: #1152 of 7527
          id: cet-11289
      author: raffaella
       title: 001.docx
        date: 2021-01-11
       words: 3851
      flesch: 42
     summary: IC20 value of star anise essential oil, extract were 935.5 ± 1.2 µg/mL and 122.4 ± 0.8 µg/mL. 1. The extracting temperature affected on the recovery yield of star anise essential oil (Figure 2d).
    keywords: activity; anise; antioxidant; extraction; material; oil; star; star anise
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        item: #1153 of 7527
          id: cet-1129
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - CET--006.docx
        date: 2017-07-25
       words: 3336
      flesch: 50
     summary: Sulfate erosion is an important form of concrete damage, which is caused by environmental factors and damage caused by environmental factors. Experiments and analysis In the whole process of sulfate erosion damage simulation of concrete slabs, the thickness of a concrete slab is 40mm concentration of 2% sodium sulfate solution, and the mineral composition of cement concrete (mass fraction) contains: SiO 220.6%, Al2O 35.03%, CAO 65.06%, MgO 0.55%, SO 32.24%, Fe2O 34.38%, and 1m3 used concrete cement, water.
    keywords: chemical; concrete; damage; erosion; ettringite; expansion; formation; sulfate
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        item: #1154 of 7527
          id: cet-11291
      author: raffaella
       title: 001.docx
        date: 2021-01-11
       words: 3883
      flesch: 58
     summary: Electric vehicles replace the vehicle's driving energy with electric energy rather than fossil fuels, so applying an optimal mix of energy to additional electrical requirements for the introduction of electric vehicles (Ubando et al., 2019) makes them a long-term clean and sustainable vehicle. Yuksel T., Michalek J.J., 2015, Effects of regional temperature on electric vehicle efficiency, range, and emissions in the United States, Environmental science and technology, 49(6), 3974-3980.
    keywords: algorithm; consumption; electric; energy; route; slope; speed; time; traffic; vehicle
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        item: #1155 of 7527
          id: cet-11292
      author: raffaella
       title: 001.docx
        date: 2021-01-11
       words: 4271
      flesch: 37
     summary: Based on the study conducted by Hadei et al. (2015), application of MBBR on optimizing wastewater treatment system, followed by a rapid sand filter produces a more effective treatment system to remove high level of suspended solids and organic matters. In order to follow the progress of wastewater treatment technologies, to understand the types of treatment process required and their performances, computer-based training system will be helpful to educate and train system operators or managers in designing an efficient wastewater treatment (Avramenko et al., 2009).
    keywords: ifas; indonesia; mbbr; media; performance; reactor; sludge; system; technology; treatment; wastewater
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        item: #1156 of 7527
          id: cet-11293
      author: raffaella
       title: 001.docx
        date: 2021-01-11
       words: 4278
      flesch: 46
     summary: From Table 1, it can be seen clearly that the surface cooling efficiency by using radiant cooling system that will reduce effectively the used of air-conditioning system since cooled ceilings operate at relatively high temperatures based on other research (average surface temperature of 29 °C . The following Figure 1 is a schematic calculation method that will be used in applying water recycle as thermal radiant cooling system.
    keywords: air; cooling; efficiency; energy; heat; pipe; room; surface; system; temperature; water
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        item: #1157 of 7527
          id: cet-11294
      author: raffaella
       title: 001.docx
        date: 2021-01-11
       words: 4915
      flesch: 48
     summary: She D., Sun X., Gamareldawla A.H., Nazar E.A., Hu W., Edith K., 2018, Benefits of soil biochar amendments to tomato growth under saline water irrigation, Scientific Reports, 8(1), 1-10. Biochar application is effective in improving the physical, chemical and biological properties of saline soil.
    keywords: adsorption; biochar; et al; high; mechanisms; na+; saline; saline soil; salt; sodium; soil; surface; water
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        item: #1158 of 7527
          id: cet-11295
      author: raffaella
       title: 001.docx
        date: 2021-01-11
       words: 3900
      flesch: 56
     summary: The increase in solid waste generation is inexorable due to the economic development in many areas of the world. Table 1: The information related to solid waste generation by areas in DNC On the other hand, Table 1 revealed that Hoa Vang district generated less waste (6.6 %) than the others and the density of waste was lowest (0.08 t/km2).
    keywords: dnc; generation; msw; season; system; waste; wet
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        item: #1159 of 7527
          id: cet-11296
      author: raffaella
       title: 001.docx
        date: 2021-01-11
       words: 3510
      flesch: 48
     summary: The performance of photocatalysts were tested for photocatalytic CO2 reduction with CH4 to CO via dry reforming of methane (DRM) under visible light irradiation in a fixed bed photoreactor. During the last few years, there has been growing research on photocatalytic CO2 reduction through DRM under UV and visible light irradiations.
    keywords: c3n4; ch4; co2; composite; light; photocatalytic; reduction; reforming; wo3
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        item: #1160 of 7527
          id: cet-11297
      author: raffaella
       title: 001.docx
        date: 2021-01-11
       words: 4131
      flesch: 50
     summary: The mass loss behaviour and kinetic mechanism of sludge cake pyrolysis were then analysed, and the potential of this sludge to be upgraded into higher-value end products were evaluated. The linear curve was subsequently used to obtain the activation energy of sludge cake pyrolysis.
    keywords: activation; cake; energy; loss; mass; method; pyrolysis; sludge
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        item: #1161 of 7527
          id: cet-11298
      author: raffaella
       title: 001.docx
        date: 2021-01-11
       words: 3654
      flesch: 50
     summary: Ly Thuong Kiet Street, District 10, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam bSchool of Biotechnology, International University, Vietnam National University Ho Chi Minh City (VNUHCM), Quarter 6, Linh Trung Ward, Thu Duc District, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam cDepartment of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Gachon University, 1342 Seongnamdaero, Seongnam-si, Korea anh.nguyen@hcmut.edu.vn Recently, the pollution of heavy metal ions is getting more attention due to economic development. A number of methods have been proposed for the removal of heavy metal ions in aqueous solutions, and the adsorption technique has been widely utilized due to the effectiveness and flexibility.
    keywords: adsorption; bed; cadmium; column; linear; model; nelson; rate; thomas; yoon; 𝐶𝐶0
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        item: #1162 of 7527
          id: cet-113
      author: TW
       title: cet-113
        date: 2017-10-04
       words: 3081
      flesch: 45
     summary: It is proposed that hydrogen network integrated light hydrocarbon recovery can be reached more profits. Thus, the design or retrofit of refinery hydrogen network integrated with light hydrocarbons recovery offers much more possibilities for maximum usage of hydrogen.
    keywords: gas; hydrocarbon; hydrogen; light; network; recovery; refinery; retrofit
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        item: #1163 of 7527
          id: cet-1130
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - CET--006.docx
        date: 2017-07-25
       words: 3625
      flesch: 50
     summary: Then early shrinkage on the concrete cracking performance is less affected, it may cause that concrete strength become the main factor affecting the development of early cracks under high water cement ratio. However, after 24h the maximum crack width and crack area do not coincide with the cracking time, but vary with the change of water cement ratio.
    keywords: cement; chemical; concrete; cracking; ratio; shrinkage; strength; water; water cement
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        item: #1164 of 7527
          id: cet-11300
      author: raffaella
       title: 001.docx
        date: 2021-01-11
       words: 4447
      flesch: 36
     summary: This review article presents a different type of additives or polymer and their impact on the functional properties of alginate based composite films with special emphasis on packaging application. The objective of this review is to discuss a different type of additives or polymer used and their impact on the functional properties of alginate based composite films with special emphasis on packaging application since a comprehensive review on alginate on packaging application is lacking.
    keywords: alginate; content; crosslinking; et al; film; incorporation; matrix; packaging; properties; seaweed; strength; water
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        item: #1165 of 7527
          id: cet-11301
      author: raffaella
       title: 001.docx
        date: 2021-01-11
       words: 2805
      flesch: 47
     summary: 2. Scheme design of electromagnetic bearing system of stacked screw machine The requirement placed on the magnetic bearing structure of the stacked screw machine is to properly modify the electromagnetic bearing without affecting the support function. The design of electromagnetic bearing structure included the design of radial electromagnetic bearing and axial electromagnetic bearing.
    keywords: bearing; control; design; rotor; screw; system; 𝐼𝐼0
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        item: #1166 of 7527
          id: cet-11302
      author: raffaella
       title: 001.docx
        date: 2021-01-11
       words: 3481
      flesch: 56
     summary: One of the key areas being exploited are regions with acid soils, which are becoming increasingly common throughout Thailand. The low pH of acid soils tends to be detrimental to plant growth and production because it decreases the availability of macronutrients.
    keywords: acid; biochar; chili; growth; ha-1; organic; production; root; soil
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        item: #1167 of 7527
          id: cet-11303
      author: raffaella
       title: 001.docx
        date: 2021-01-11
       words: 3358
      flesch: 46
     summary: As an abundant biomass of surface water, water hyacinth was used as an input material to produce bioethanol in this study. Among lignocellulosic biomass as potential materials for the second generation of bioethanol production, water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes) is a noticeable species, which is so abundant that it easily covers the groundwater-surface and makes big troubles for the movement of ships and boats.
    keywords: bioethanol; biomass; enzyme; ethanol; hyacinth; process; production; ssf; water; wt%
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        item: #1168 of 7527
          id: cet-11304
      author: raffaella
       title: 001.docx
        date: 2021-01-11
       words: 2909
      flesch: 43
     summary: Safaa T.K., Seham M.E.S., Afar R.T., 2018, Castor oil biodiesel production and optimization, Egyptian Journal of Petroleum, 27(4), 979-984. (2003) and biodiesel process design using virgin castor oil by Santana et al. (2010), but very few have managed to accurately describe important phenomena occurring in the process, most notably the detailed design and economic evaluation of a castor-oil-based biodiesel process by Dimian et al. (2019).
    keywords: acid; biodiesel; castor; chemical; esterification; et al; hysys; oil; process; section
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        item: #1169 of 7527
          id: cet-11305
      author: raffaella
       title: 001.docx
        date: 2021-01-11
       words: 3477
      flesch: 51
     summary: Kuok F., Mimoto H., Nakasaki K., 2012, Effects of turning on the microbial consortia and the in situ temperature preferences of microorganisms in a laboratory–scale swine manure composting, Bioresource Technology, 116, 421–427. Liu C.H., Liu Y., Fan C., Kuang S.Z., 2013, The effects of composted pineapple residue return on soil properties and the growth and yield of pineapple, Journal of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition, 13(2), 433- 444. The addition of food waste and beneficial microorganisms increased the organic matter decomposition rate and resulted in higher composting pile temperatures (Horvath, 1972).
    keywords: composting; food; length; microorganisms; pile; pineapple; residues; temperature; vietnam; waste
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        item: #1170 of 7527
          id: cet-11306
      author: raffaella
       title: 001.docx
        date: 2021-01-11
       words: 3967
      flesch: 39
     summary: Sustainability assessment of biorefineries A short literature review was done using a multidisciplinary internet database (i.e., Web of Science). Case of study: Sustainability assessment of the rejected unripe plantains valorization Rejected unripe plantains are a potential raw material to obtain several value-added products and energy vectors.
    keywords: analysis; assessment; biorefineries; dimensions; environmental; plantain; social; sustainability; sustainability assessment
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        item: #1171 of 7527
          id: cet-11307
      author: raffaella
       title: 001.docx
        date: 2021-01-11
       words: 3706
      flesch: 48
     summary: Zhang J.Y., Zhang J., Liu J., Liu D.H., Wu H.M., Xie H.J., 2012, Effect of water depth on the operation effect of SFCWs polluted river water treatment system, Shandong Provincial Environmental Protection Department, Jining Municipal People's Government, Proceedings of the First Weishan Lake Wetland Forum, 95-99. In this study, four surface flow constructed wetlands (SFCWs) were used to treat river water, to explore the effect of operating parameters such as water depth (25 cm, 45 cm, 65 cm), hydraulic retention time (HRT) (1 d, 2 d, 3 d), and temperature (10 ± 2 °C, 20 ± 2 °C, 30 ± 2 °C) on the nitrogen and phosphorus removal performance and the improvement of sensory quality in the system.
    keywords: depth; quality; removal; system; turbidity; water
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        item: #1172 of 7527
          id: cet-11308
      author: raffaella
       title: 001.docx
        date: 2021-01-11
       words: 3779
      flesch: 48
     summary: This study aims to determine profit efficiency among EFA rice farmers in Shiga Prefecture using the Stochastic Frontier Approach. On the other hand, the interaction term between EFA adoption and 322 farm size will reduce profit efficiency among EFA rice farmers who have larger areas (≥ 10 ha) cultivated to rice by as much as 0.08.
    keywords: efa; efficiency; farmers; frontier; japan; production; profit; rice; stochastic; study
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        item: #1173 of 7527
          id: cet-11309
      author: raffaella
       title: 001.docx
        date: 2021-01-11
       words: 3509
      flesch: 58
     summary: The suitable range for the soil pH of tomato plants is between a pH of 5.5 to a pH of 6.8 (Soil Analysis 101, 2014). The average medium pH value for R30 and R50 was proven to be a good medium for tomato plants as all of them were in the range of pH 5.5 – pH 6.8.
    keywords: chitosan; fruits; media; medium; plants; soil; tomato; yield
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        item: #1174 of 7527
          id: cet-1131
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - CET--006.docx
        date: 2017-07-25
       words: 3555
      flesch: 40
     summary: In this paper, the concept of material corrosion and the importance of corrosion are introduced. The engineering application and problems of anti - abrasive materials are discussed briefly, and the influence of corrosion on building materials is briefly discussed.
    keywords: building; chemical; concrete; corrosion; doi; materials; metal; properties; protection; resistance; surface
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        item: #1175 of 7527
          id: cet-11310
      author: raffaella
       title: 001.docx
        date: 2021-01-11
       words: 3629
      flesch: 39
     summary: Many claims that the increase of oil palm plantations to produce oil to meet the global market demands have significantly caused adverse impacts on the environment and social aspects (Sharaai et al., 2020), but the social impacts' issues become more prominent. Recent S-LCA and LCSA studies related to the oil palm industry are increased such as the study by Muhammad et al. (2019) conducted a gate-to-gate study from oil palm plantation to the palm oil mill.
    keywords: assessment; cycle; industry; lca; life; malaysia; oil; palm; sdgs; social; study; workers
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        item: #1176 of 7527
          id: cet-11311
      author: raffaella
       title: 001.docx
        date: 2021-01-11
       words: 4731
      flesch: 40
     summary: Then, the existence of [H] from cathode and the oxidation of ferric ions from anode offer additional electrons for denitrification reaction, which provides opportunity to facilitate iron autotrophic denitrification and increase the nitrate removal efficiency (Liu et al., 2018). 16/09/2020 Please cite this article as: Cui X., He S., 2021, Role of Iron-Carbon Micro-Electrolysis in Constructed Wetlands for Nitrate Removal: A Review, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 83, 337-342 DOI:10.3303/CET2183057 337 studies have been done on the combination of Fe/C-M/E and biological denitrification processes applied to nitrate removal in CWs (Wu et al., 2019).
    keywords: carbon; cws; denitrification; et al; iron; nh+; nitrate; no3; removal; wastewater
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        item: #1177 of 7527
          id: cet-11312
      author: raffaella
       title: 001.docx
        date: 2021-01-11
       words: 3962
      flesch: 47
     summary: The functional unit is set as the management of 60 kg of food waste along with 2 m3 of building wastewater. Food waste and wastewater from buildings require the appropriate infrastructure systems for management.
    keywords: emissions; energy; food; food waste; ghg; system; treatment; waste; waste system; wastewater
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        item: #1178 of 7527
          id: cet-11313
      author: raffaella
       title: 001.docx
        date: 2021-01-11
       words: 4129
      flesch: 43
     summary: This study aimed to evaluate the changes of CH4 production, oxidation and emission of rice cultivation soil that was amended by mangrove biochar to explain the mitigation way. It lacks some essential parameters related to CH4 production and oxidation in rice cultivation soil.
    keywords: biochar; ch4; cultivation; emissions; et al; heading; oxidation; production; rice; soil; stage; study
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        item: #1179 of 7527
          id: cet-11314
      author: raffaella
       title: 001.docx
        date: 2021-01-11
       words: 3504
      flesch: 39
     summary: Future work would include multiple days predictions, the inclusion of air quality data from neighbouring countries in Southeast Asia to account for transboundary air pollution, and the inclusion of other pollutants concentrations: carbon monoxide (CO), fine particulate matter (PM2.5), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), sulphur dioxide (SO2) and ozone (O3). Another potential way to predict particulate matter concentrations is using deep learning techniques, for example hybrid of convolutional neural network and long short-term memory methods (Yang et al., 2020) were used to predict hourly particulate matter concentrations in Seoul, South Korea; and to date, prediction method study on daily PM10 concentration in Brunei is using hybrid framework of genetic algorithm, random forests and back propagation neural networks (Dotse et al., 2017) with using 5 y of air quality data (2009-2013).
    keywords: air; brunei; concentrations; darussalam; data; methods; network; pm10; prediction; quality
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        item: #1180 of 7527
          id: cet-11315
      author: raffaella
       title: 001.docx
        date: 2021-01-11
       words: 4165
      flesch: 51
     summary: The first step towards implementing incentive mechanism of Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Degradation (REDD) at the national level is to assess the amount of forest carbon. According to information on community forest carbon issue as worldwide, there is required to understand the global carbon cycle for controlling and supporting their regulatory.
    keywords: ban; biomass; carbon; community; forest; ha-1; plant; soil; species; stock; thailand; tree
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        item: #1181 of 7527
          id: cet-11316
      author: raffaella
       title: 001.docx
        date: 2021-01-11
       words: 3576
      flesch: 38
     summary: (2016) demonstrated that the selected PGPB strain improved plant drought tolerance through alteration of cellular ABA levels, activated adaptive responses, and modification of cellular polyamine of plants represented by the increased free spermidine and spermine levels. The alleviation of these stresses in plants to promote plant growth is vital for sustainable agriculture practices.
    keywords: acid; drought; drought stress; growth; metabolite; pgpb; plant; salinity; stress; tolerance
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        item: #1182 of 7527
          id: cet-11317
      author: raffaella
       title: 001.docx
        date: 2021-01-11
       words: 3191
      flesch: 47
     summary: This work aims to present a multi-objective decision-making tool to screen wastewater treatment technologies and to synthesise a WWTP design with low investment cost, low area footprint, and low carbon footprint. A series of wastewater treatment technologies suitable for this case study were included as shown in Figure 2. Figure 2: Case study superstructure of sago biorefinery WWTP in Sarawak, Malaysia.
    keywords: area; area footprint; carbon; cost; footprint; optimisation; treatment; usd; wastewater; wwtp
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        item: #1183 of 7527
          id: cet-11318
      author: raffaella
       title: 001.docx
        date: 2021-01-11
       words: 3596
      flesch: 48
     summary: The term exergy asset defines the useful exergy that could be recovered from a stream in the form of heat, power, pressure or chemical exergy. The concept of avoided exergy by substituting the useful chemical to its primary production, similar to the concept of avoided emission is also proposed in this work.
    keywords: chemical; exergy; msw; process; production; profit; stream; waste
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        item: #1184 of 7527
          id: cet-11319
      author: raffaella
       title: 001.docx
        date: 2021-01-11
       words: 4164
      flesch: 48
     summary: However, the time required to convert used SGMs into growing mediums was rather short, making M2 and M3 suitable for application in urban areas. First M1, a mixture of used SGM, peanut stalks, urea fertiliser and BIMA microbial product (C: N ratio of 30: 1) was thermophilically composted for 63 d. Then, its chemical and biological properties were analysed.
    keywords: compost; content; medium; sgm; sprout; tcvn; vietnam
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        item: #1185 of 7527
          id: cet-1132
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - CET--006.docx
        date: 2017-07-25
       words: 2871
      flesch: 50
     summary: The dynamic mechanical behavior of reactive powder concrete and ordinary concrete at three kind of over- temperature 20℃, 300℃ and 800℃ were analyzed and compared. The stress and strain of ordinary concrete were almost the same with those of reactive powder concrete under different temperature, but the dynamic compressive strength was obviously smaller than that of reactive powder concrete, which reflected the high performance and excellent durability of reactive powder concrete.
    keywords: concrete; energy; powder; powder concrete; strain; strength; temperature
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        item: #1186 of 7527
          id: cet-11320
      author: raffaella
       title: 001.docx
        date: 2021-01-11
       words: 3592
      flesch: 17
     summary: The five questions were about the residents’ degree of knowledge of waste classification, ability to identify waste bins, time availability, waste classification habit, and possession of classification tools. Waste classification is closely linked to whether waste decontamination, reduction, and recovery can be achieved (Sabki et al., 2019).
    keywords: behaviours; classification; effect; intentions; recycling; residents; waste; waste classification
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        item: #1187 of 7527
          id: cet-11321
      author: raffaella
       title: 001.docx
        date: 2021-01-11
       words: 4341
      flesch: 47
     summary: Previous works have found a better economic feasibility and environmental impact of a plantain peel based biorefinery to produce biogas, ethanol, xylitol, and syngas compared with a stand-alone process of biogas production (Parra et al., 2019). Figure 2: Environmental impact of (a) Sc.1, (b) Sc.4 and (c) Sc.5.
    keywords: avocado; biorefinery; impact; integration; material; plantain; process; production; sc.1; sc.4; scenarios
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        item: #1188 of 7527
          id: cet-11322
      author: raffaella
       title: 001.docx
        date: 2021-01-11
       words: 3962
      flesch: 44
     summary: 3.5 Effect of temperature on removal of aspirin from aqueous solution The result of aspirin removal by ACC at different temperatures (Figure 3c) shows that both percentage removal and adsorption capacity are insignificant factors for aspirin adsorption on ACC. In this case, the small changes in percentage removal and adsorption capacity show that aspirin adsorption onto ACC possibly occurs mainly via chemisorption.
    keywords: acc; adsorbent; adsorption; aspirin; capacity; carbon; removal; surface
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        item: #1189 of 7527
          id: cet-11324
      author: raffaella
       title: 001.docx
        date: 2021-01-11
       words: 3126
      flesch: 54
     summary: For reference, standard jet fuel (JP-8) and diesel fuel (EN590:2017) were used. Józsa V., Hidegh Gy., Kun-Balog A., Ng J.-H., Chong C.T., 2020, Ultra-low emission combustion of diesel- coconut biodiesel fuels by a mixture temperature-controlled combustion mode, Energy Conversion and Management, 214, 112908.
    keywords: air; combustion; emission; figure; flame; fuel; tca; temperature
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        item: #1190 of 7527
          id: cet-11325
      author: raffaella
       title: 001.docx
        date: 2021-01-11
       words: 3924
      flesch: 59
     summary: Foaming capacity (%) 684.00 ± 5.29b 620.67 ± 8.08a Foaming stability (%) 98.67 ± 0.58b 85.67 ± 0.51a Overrun (%) 117.71 ± 1.22a 110.87 ± 1.11a L* 89.29 ± 0.26b 87.61a ± 2.35a a* - 0.52 ± 0.09a -1.07b ± 0.06b b* 10.54 ± 2.35b 4.66a ± 0.21a White index (WI) of foam 84.82 ± 1.16a 86.68 ± 2.14b Viscosity The results suggest that using sucrose and xanthan gum together has high potential in improvement of CCW foam cream properties and can be used as a good replacement for eggs in making non-dairy and eggless cold desserts.
    keywords: ccw; chickpeas; cooking; cream; foam; food; properties; water
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        item: #1191 of 7527
          id: cet-11326
      author: raffaella
       title: 001.docx
        date: 2021-01-11
       words: 3697
      flesch: 52
     summary: Gao et al. (2016) stated that more bacteria will be inactivated at high ultrasonic amplitude because more energy is released at this condition to cause bacterial destruction. g, DPPH scavenging activity of 92.81 % and FRAP of 0.5127 mmol Fe2+/100 g is at amplitude of 100 % and processing time of 8.00 min. From the study, it can be concluded that ultrasonic processing is a potential alternative for fruit-based functional drink pasteurization.
    keywords: amplitude; antioxidant; content; drink; effect; functional; juice; pineapple; processing; time; tpc
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        item: #1192 of 7527
          id: cet-11327
      author: raffaella
       title: 001.docx
        date: 2021-01-11
       words: 3897
      flesch: 52
     summary: The data used for energy benchmarking includes energy consumption data, production data, plant capacity, energy management matrix score and recommended energy saving measures. Data analysis revealed that the average SEC for this industry is determine to be 2.59 GJ/t and the lowest SEC (0.04 GJ/t) was obtained by Company D while the highest SEC (5.99 GJ/t) is obtained by Company C. Apart from that, the recommendation of no cost, low cost, medium cost and high cost energy saving measures for this industry has been done.
    keywords: company; cost; energy; industry; plant; sec; value
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        item: #1193 of 7527
          id: cet-11328
      author: raffaella
       title: 001.docx
        date: 2021-01-11
       words: 3923
      flesch: 43
     summary: There is scanty empirical literature on the effects of minimum tillage practice on smallholder farmer welfare. This study evaluated the welfare effects of minimum tillage among smallholder households in Southern Tanzania.
    keywords: adoption; agriculture; farmers; household; labor; minimum; smallholder; tillage
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        item: #1194 of 7527
          id: cet-11329
      author: raffaella
       title: 001.docx
        date: 2021-01-11
       words: 3835
      flesch: 53
     summary: There are several targeted locations identified within Pasir Gudang that could utilize energy from POME biogas. 𝐶𝐶𝑇𝑇𝑚𝑚𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑇𝑇𝑆𝑆 𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝑃𝑃𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶 = 𝐶𝐶𝑇𝑇𝑚𝑚𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑇𝑇𝑆𝑆𝑗𝑗 𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑆𝑆𝑃𝑃 × 𝐵𝐵𝑆𝑆𝑇𝑇𝑉𝑉𝑃𝑃 (4) 𝐶𝐶𝑇𝑇𝑚𝑚𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑇𝑇𝑆𝑆 𝑂𝑂𝑃𝑃𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶 = 𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸𝑛𝑛𝑇𝑇 × 𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑖𝑖𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡 m𝐸𝐸𝑡𝑡𝐸𝐸𝑡𝑡 𝑒𝑒𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑖𝑖𝑒𝑒𝑖𝑖𝑒𝑒𝑛𝑛𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒 × 𝐿𝐿𝑇𝑇 (5) 𝐻𝐻𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴,𝑃𝑃 = 𝑅𝑅𝑇𝑇1 (𝐾𝐾 − 1)/𝐾𝐾 �� 𝑃𝑃2,𝑃𝑃 𝑃𝑃1 � (𝐾𝐾−1)/𝐾𝐾 − 1� (6) 𝑊𝑊𝑃𝑃 = 𝐵𝐵𝑆𝑆𝑇𝑇𝑉𝑉𝑃𝑃 × 𝜌𝜌𝐸𝐸𝐶𝐶4 × 0.0367437 (7) 𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝑇𝑇𝑛𝑛𝑃𝑃 = 𝑊𝑊𝑃𝑃𝐻𝐻𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴,𝑃𝑃 33000 𝐶𝐶𝐴𝐴 × 1.3405 (8) In this study, two modes of biogas transportation are considered, which is transportation using the natural gas pipeline or via truck transportation.
    keywords: biogas; cng; cost; model; price; transportation; truck; usd; 𝐵𝐵𝑆𝑆𝑇𝑇𝑉𝑉𝑃𝑃
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        item: #1195 of 7527
          id: cet-1133
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - CET--006.docx
        date: 2017-07-25
       words: 3494
      flesch: 52
     summary: The corrosion principle is as follows: Figure 2: The trend of water absorption of CFRP tendon Figure 2 is drawn from the data on the water absorption of CFRP tendon. According to the concentration of NaOH solution, the influence of water absorption on CFRP tendon within 120 days is shown in Figure 4. 400 Figure 3: The trend of the quality of CFRP tendon Figure 4: Effect of NaOH solution concentration on water absorption of CFRP tendon When the concentration of NaOH solution is 0.11mol / L, the influence rate of CFRP bars is the highest.
    keywords: absorption; acid; cfrp; cfrp tendon; corrosion; fiber; resin; resistance; solution; tendon; water
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        item: #1196 of 7527
          id: cet-11330
      author: raffaella
       title: 001.docx
        date: 2021-01-11
       words: 3224
      flesch: 50
     summary: Awasthi A., Shukla A.K., S.R M.M., Dondariya C., Shukla K.N., Porwal D., Richhariya G., 2020, Review on sun tracking technology in solar PV system, Energy Reports, 6, 392-405. The use of solar tracking system could reduce the solar panel requirement by increasing the energy gain per unit area.
    keywords: axis; battery; cost; energy; solar; system; tracking
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        item: #1197 of 7527
          id: cet-11331
      author: raffaella
       title: 001.docx
        date: 2021-01-11
       words: 3752
      flesch: 39
     summary: The biomass from solid waste contains significant amount of carbohydrates and other combustible chemical compounds that has potential as an alternative energy source. In this paper, the synthesis of energy potential assessment from the biomass energy resources of solid waste and the development of a mathematical model equation are presented, in order to utilize as assessment tools for the local government units (LGUs) in the Philippines, most especially for the established sanitary landfills and the waste-to-energy technologies and facilities that are soon to be installed.
    keywords: assessment; department; energy; energy potential; engineering; equation; philippines; potential; region; study; waste
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        item: #1198 of 7527
          id: cet-11332
      author: raffaella
       title: 001.docx
        date: 2021-01-11
       words: 3794
      flesch: 46
     summary: On the other hand, adding higher Ni loading such that 15 wt% Ni, a decline in phenol conversion from 89.10-82.63 % and H2 yield 75.60-65.78 % were observed, which can be returned to aggregation of Ni particles that reduce the dispersion of metal. Phenol molecule was activated over Ni-metal particles as active sites and also due to the basic nature of catalyst support (TiO2-ZnTiO3) to generate the intermediate products (C3HxO or CHyO).
    keywords: catalyst; composite; hydrogen; phenol; production; tio2; yield; zntio3
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        item: #1199 of 7527
          id: cet-11333
      author: raffaella
       title: 001.docx
        date: 2021-01-11
       words: 3689
      flesch: 43
     summary: This study could serve as a guideline in evaluating the pros and cons of biochar application to ensure the unburdening footprints can offset the burdening footprint associated with the generation and other downstream processes towards sustainability. Barriers to biochar application in real-world setting deserve more attention, especially the techno-economic DOI: 10.3303/CET2183079 Paper Received: 16/10/2020; Revised: 06/11/2020; Accepted: 15/11/2020 Please cite this article as: Fan Y.V., Klemeš J.J., Lee C.T., 2021, Environmental Performance and Techno-Economic Feasibility of Different Biochar Applications: An Overview, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 83, 469-474 DOI:10.3303/CET2183079 469 challenges and the undesirable adverse environmental consequences.
    keywords: application; biochar; carbon; cost; energy; et al; production; pyrolysis; sequestration; soil; sustainability
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        item: #1200 of 7527
          id: cet-11334
      author: raffaella
       title: 001.docx
        date: 2021-01-11
       words: 3564
      flesch: 51
     summary: In order to preserve the fragrance release, the objective of this study is to formulate the nanostructured lipid carrier (NLC) encapsulated lemongrass oil using the ultrasonication technique. Citral is one of the chemical marker compound in lemongrass oil, and contains broad biological properties such as antimicrobial, antifungal, anti-inflammatory and mosquito-repelling properties (Balti et al., 2017).
    keywords: formulation; lemongrass; lemongrass oil; lipid; nlc; oil; particle; size
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        item: #1201 of 7527
          id: cet-11335
      author: raffaella
       title: 001.docx
        date: 2021-01-11
       words: 3961
      flesch: 53
     summary: The substitute used in this experiment is oyster shell waste. Data on the amount of oyster shell waste was not recorded, and the weight percentage of shells also varied according to the species.
    keywords: alkali; case; control; methane; oyster; shell; treatment; waste
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        item: #1202 of 7527
          id: cet-11336
      author: raffaella
       title: 001.docx
        date: 2021-01-11
       words: 3712
      flesch: 48
     summary: As compared to the current MSW management situation in Malaysia (total cost: 7.24 M MYR/d, net GHG emissions: 70,465 t CO2- eq/d), the least cost Pareto solution (total cost: 7.23 M MYR/d, net GHG emissions: 24,630 t CO2-eq/d) shows a more than 65 % reduction in GHG emissions without incurring any additional cost. When taking an average value of all the Pareto solutions (total cost: 8.45 M MYR/d, net GHG emissions: 18,569 t CO2-eq/d) and compare with the BAU scenario, it shows a significant 74 % reduction in GHG emissions with only a 17 % increase in total cost.
    keywords: cost; dtf; emissions; ghg; malaysia; management; msw; pareto; solution; waste
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        item: #1203 of 7527
          id: cet-11337
      author: raffaella
       title: 001.docx
        date: 2021-01-11
       words: 4365
      flesch: 38
     summary: Subsequently, resin was added into the prepared rubber solution to form natural rubber based adhesive (Poh and Putra, 2011). The purpose of this review is to describe the utilisation of natural rubber and its modified form in adhesive applications.
    keywords: adhesive; liquid; lnr; peel; properties; resin; rubber; strength; weight
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        item: #1204 of 7527
          id: cet-11338
      author: raffaella
       title: 001.docx
        date: 2021-01-11
       words: 4226
      flesch: 47
     summary: The interaction between coolant temperature and initial concentration on the increment of TPC was also observed with the other two factors at 350 rpm and 30 min. Adequate growth of ice crystals was achieved at the optimum condition at low initial solution concentration below than 5 mg/mL and coolant temperature range of -8 to -12 °C. However, interaction between operation time and initial concentration towards K-value with the other two variables kept constant at -10 °C for coolant temperature and 350 rpm for stirrer speed revealed that operation time of higher than 30 min and low initial concentration were determined as the optimal condition to achieve low K-value which indicates high efficiency performance of the PFC system.
    keywords: concentration; coolant; increment; operation; speed; stirrer; temperature; time; tpc; value
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        item: #1205 of 7527
          id: cet-11339
      author: raffaella
       title: 001.docx
        date: 2021-01-11
       words: 3561
      flesch: 44
     summary: 4. Conclusions This study developed a novel ranking system to select the minimum number of significant soil parameters following compost application, based on two criteria: the soil parameters and the environmental impact. As a biological additive, compost can improve soil quality and crop productivity, controlling plant diseases and reduce nutrient loss and water pollution.
    keywords: application; compost; compost application; effect; environment; fertility; impact; parameters; quality; ranking; soil; system
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        item: #1206 of 7527
          id: cet-1134
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - CET--006.docx
        date: 2017-07-25
       words: 3582
      flesch: 49
     summary: After the immersion of soil block soil, soil particles quickly collapse phenomenon and soon covered the bottom of the beaker, the water was mist, it is scattered soil. DOI: 10.3303/CET1759068 Please cite this article as: Liwu Xin, 2017, Study on influencing factors of cohesive soil dispersion based on gray relational analysis, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 59, 403-408 DOI:10.3303/CET1759068 403 2.
    keywords: dispersibility; dispersion; montmorillonite; particles; samples; soil; test
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        item: #1207 of 7527
          id: cet-11340
      author: raffaella
       title: 001.docx
        date: 2021-01-11
       words: 3819
      flesch: 37
     summary: (2018) also observed enhanced tensile strength and impact strength of RH reinforced PP composite by 5 wt% MAPP compatibilizing agent. Erdogan S., Huner U., 2018, Physical and mechanical properties of PP composites based on different types of lignocellulosic fibers, Journal of Wuhan University of Technology- Mater.
    keywords: compatibilizer; composite; filler; impact; matrix; rice; strength; tensile
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        item: #1208 of 7527
          id: cet-11341
      author: raffaella
       title: 001.docx
        date: 2021-01-11
       words: 3772
      flesch: 56
     summary: The sub-index score is assigned to each safety or health property based on safety and health indexes (Ten et al., 2015). In order to assess the safety and health aspects into surfactant design, safety and health hazard sub-indexes are utilized.
    keywords: chemical; dea; design; health; index; laundry; properties; safety; score; surfactant
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        item: #1209 of 7527
          id: cet-11342
      author: raffaella
       title: 001.docx
        date: 2021-01-11
       words: 3268
      flesch: 49
     summary: − N removal efficiency are 53.92 %; 58.32 % and 62.82 %; PO43− − P removal efficiency is 62.85 %. Cyperus alternifolius is wetland plants in HSSF CW to remove pollutants such as N, P and heavy metals.
    keywords: alternifolius; cyperus; hf1; hssf; pollutants; removal; treatment; wastewater
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        item: #1210 of 7527
          id: cet-11343
      author: raffaella
       title: 001.docx
        date: 2021-01-11
       words: 3658
      flesch: 56
     summary: and e ̅^CH represent the molar fraction and standard chemical exergy of each component in the mixture. Exergy analysis is based on the second thermodynamic law, in which the exergy destruction is determined by exergy balance equation, and exergetic efficiency can be calculated as exergy carried by the products over the exergy carried by fuel.
    keywords: chemical; destruction; efficiency; exergy; gas; system; turbine
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        item: #1211 of 7527
          id: cet-11344
      author: raffaella
       title: 001.docx
        date: 2021-01-11
       words: 2954
      flesch: 52
     summary: For the lab scale study, the effect of different food waste to POME ratio, ranging from 1:1, 1:2 and 2:1, on the biogas production were investigated for a period of 7 d. From the experimental work, the ratio of food waste to POME at 2:1 gave the highest biogas yield of 0.14 L. For the pilot scale study, a digester was designed based on a daily electricity demand of 9.5 kW of an eco-park. zarinamuis@cheme.utm.my The valorisation of food waste via anaerobic digestion has shown to be a promising option for tackling waste accumulation and achieve energy security.
    keywords: anaerobic; biogas; digestion; electricity; food; pome; production; scale; waste
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        item: #1212 of 7527
          id: cet-11345
      author: raffaella
       title: 001.docx
        date: 2021-01-11
       words: 3703
      flesch: 51
     summary: NADES candidates were first screened based on the constraints of target properties for NADES and followed by second screened based on the solubility of polyphenols in NADES. Then it is followed by viscosity screening of NADES candidates.
    keywords: acid; candidates; extraction; jackfruit; nades; polyphenols; screening; target
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        item: #1213 of 7527
          id: cet-11346
      author: raffaella
       title: 001.docx
        date: 2021-01-11
       words: 3255
      flesch: 47
     summary: There is only a slight decrease in the first cycle, as shown by the increased slope of 20 % CaCO3 of supercapacitor. This study evaluates the performance of supercapacitors made from the novel carbon nanosheet, a carbonized pyrolization aquatic wood waste.
    keywords: caco3; capacitance; carbon; charging; cycle; discharging; electrolyte; rate; supercapacitor
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        item: #1214 of 7527
          id: cet-11347
      author: raffaella
       title: 001.docx
        date: 2021-01-11
       words: 3590
      flesch: 46
     summary: Result and discussion 3.1 Material characterization Two types of carbon nanosheet -based electrodes were prepared in this study by varying the weight ratio of carbon nanosheet to graphite in the electrode (ratio 3:7 and 7:3). Sumboja A., Tefashe U.M., Wittstock G., Lee P.S., 2012, Monitoring electroactive ions at manganese dioxide pseudocapacitive electrodes with scanning electrochemical microscope for supercapacitor electrodes, Journal of Power Sources, 207, 205–211.
    keywords: ammonium; capacitance; carbon; carbon nanosheet; cyanate; electrode; graphite; nanosheet; ratio
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        item: #1215 of 7527
          id: cet-11348
      author: raffaella
       title: 001.docx
        date: 2021-01-11
       words: 4401
      flesch: 52
     summary: DSC of PHBV/PCL blends clearly show the immiscibility of these two biodegradable polymers, as indicated by two individual melting peaks located at typical temperature value of each melting point; one at about 170 °C attributable to PHBV and the other melt peak located at about 60 °C which is related to PCL melting temperature. The low molecular weight PCL helps in improving the mechanical properties of polymer blends (Jenkins et al., 2007).
    keywords: blends; elongation; epo; impact; melting; pcl; phbv; polymer; properties; strength; tensile
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        item: #1216 of 7527
          id: cet-1135
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - CET--006.docx
        date: 2017-07-25
       words: 3386
      flesch: 51
     summary: According to the advantages of metakaolin concrete in durability, the application of it to roads, bridges and water conservancy projects in the South - to - North Water Diversion Project is generalized to provide a broad prospect for the utilization of metakaolin. 3.2.1 Experimental study on impermeability of metakaolin concrete The impermeability of concrete was the most basic factor in determining the durability of concrete.
    keywords: chloride; concrete; days; durability; ion; metakaolin; strength; test; water
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        item: #1217 of 7527
          id: cet-11350
      author: raffaella
       title: 001.docx
        date: 2021-01-11
       words: 3226
      flesch: 44
     summary: Introduction Second-generation bioethanol, an advanced biofuel can be produced from renewable biologic wastes such as oil palm biomass. Bioethanol from oil palm biomass is one of the oxygenates blended to diesel to limit the diesel drawbacks such as mitigating emissions of hazardous materials including nitrogen dioxide (NOx), sulphur oxide (SOx), hydrocarbons (HC) containing aromatics likes pyrene, toluene, and benzene, carbon monoxide (CO), and particulate matter (PM) (Yilmaz et al., 2018).
    keywords: bioethanol; biomass; biorefinery; chain; cost; design; network; oil; opf; palm; supply
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        item: #1218 of 7527
          id: cet-11351
      author: raffaella
       title: 001.docx
        date: 2021-01-11
       words: 3848
      flesch: 49
     summary: Current Opinion in Biotechnology, 18, 213-9. Zhang L., Lee Y. W., Jahng, D., 2011, Anaerobic co-digestion of food waste and piggery wastewater: Focusing on the role of trace elements, Bioresources Technology, 102, 5048–5059. The five different substrates (A, B, C, D, E) were prepared with ratio food waste (FW) to glycerol (GLY) of 4:0, 3:1, 1:1, 1:3 and 0:4 (Table 1).
    keywords: anaerobic; biogas; digestion; food; glycerol; production; waste
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        item: #1219 of 7527
          id: cet-11352
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 3Galluzzi_Revised Manuscript.docx
        date: 2021-04-09
       words: 3829
      flesch: 58
     summary: 84, 2021 A publication of The Italian Association of Chemical Engineering Online at www.cetjournal.it Guest Editors: Paolo Ciambelli, Luca Di Palma Copyright © 2021, AIDIC Servizi S.r.l. ISBN 978-88-95608-82-2; ISSN 2283-9216 Effect of Magnetite Nanoparticles Content on the Magnetic Properties of Polylactide and Polystyrene Composites Armando Galluzzia,b, Marius Murariuc, Jean-Marie Raquezc, Philippe Dubois,c Massimiliano Polichettia,b a Department of Physics “E.R. Caianiello”, University of Salerno, via Giovanni Paolo II, 132, Fisciano (SA), I-84084, Italy b CNR-SPIN Salerno, via Giovanni Paolo II, 132, Fisciano (SALERNO), I-84084, Italy c University of Mons & Materia Nova R&D Centre, Mons - 7000, Belgium agalluzzi@unisa.it The effect of magnetite nanoparticles (NPs) content on the magnetic properties of polylactide (PLA) and polystyrene (PS) matrix has been investigated by means of DC magnetization measurements as a function of temperature (T) and magnetic field (H). Conclusions The DC magnetic properties of PLA and PS matrices filled with different percentages of Fe3O4 NPs have been studied as a function of temperature and magnetic field.
    keywords: fe3o4; field; magnetic; nps; pla; properties; samples; temperature
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        item: #1220 of 7527
          id: cet-11353
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 3Galluzzi_Revised Manuscript.docx
        date: 2021-04-09
       words: 3004
      flesch: 46
     summary: (a) (b) 9 Figure 2: XRD pattern of ZnO and Ag2S/ZnO catalysts synthesised by sol-gel method SEM and TEM images Some quantities of ZnO precursor, pure ZnO, and Ag2S/ZnO powders were taken to SEM and TEM to capture their shapes and morphologies. Figures 3(d), (e), and (f) show TEM images of precursor ZnO, pure ZnO, and Ag2S/ZnO particles like flat nanoplates and sheets.
    keywords: ag2s; catalyst; degradation; light; phenol; water; zno
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        item: #1221 of 7527
          id: cet-11354
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 3Galluzzi_Revised Manuscript.docx
        date: 2021-04-09
       words: 2796
      flesch: 49
     summary: This research work focuses on the synthesis and characterization of thin layers of functional metal oxides based on ZnO nanoparticles for applications to surfaces and coatings on various supports (paints, coatings …). 13 The objective of this work is the elaboration of zinc oxide nanoparticles ZnO in thin layer, in order to measure and optimize their biocide activity, especially for the decontamination of surfaces.
    keywords: figure; films; layers; nanoparticles; sem; thin; zinc; zno
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        item: #1222 of 7527
          id: cet-11355
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 3Galluzzi_Revised Manuscript.docx
        date: 2021-04-09
       words: 3550
      flesch: 49
     summary: 0 30 60 90 120 150 180 0,8 0,9 1 2 mol% 5 mol% 7 mol% 10 mol% 20 mol% C / C 0 Time, min Figure 6: Kinetics of MB decomposition in photocatalytic reactor filled with V-TiO2-coated glass beads. Bettinelli et al. (2007) have synthetized V-doped TiO2 photocatalysts via a modified sol–gel process reporting that the activity was significantly affected by preparation conditions.
    keywords: beads; glass; mol%; nanoparticles; photocatalytic; reactor; tio2; vanadium
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        item: #1223 of 7527
          id: cet-11356
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 3Galluzzi_Revised Manuscript.docx
        date: 2021-04-09
       words: 3737
      flesch: 45
     summary: In the first step the synthesis of 25 highly ordered TiO2 nanotube arrays (TiNT) was performed, by controlled anodic oxidation (AO) of a titanium foil (Passalacqua et al., 2014), in the second step the nanotubes decoration with the g-C3N4 layer (see Figure 1). 84, 2021 A publication of The Italian Association of Chemical Engineering Online at www.cetjournal.it Guest Editors: Paolo Ciambelli, Luca Di Palma Copyright © 2021, AIDIC Servizi S.r.l. ISBN 978-88-95608-82-2; ISSN 2283-9216 Improved Nanocomposite Photoanodes by Controlled Deposition of g-C3N4 on Titania Nanotube Ordered Films Rosalba Passalacqua*, Salvatore Abate, Siglinda Perathoner, Gabriele Centi Departments of ChiBioFarAM and MIFT, University of Messina, ERIC aisbl and INSTM/CASPE, Viale F. Stagno d’Alcontres 31, Messina 98166, Italy rpassalacqua@unime.it The photoelectrocatalytic properties of TiO2 nanotube ordered films (TiNT) could be enhanced by decorating them with graphitic-C3N4.
    keywords: c3n4; figure; melamine; mol; samples; tint; tio2; urea
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        item: #1224 of 7527
          id: cet-11357
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 3Galluzzi_Revised Manuscript.docx
        date: 2021-04-09
       words: 3207
      flesch: 47
     summary: The typical coating structure from surface to substrate consists of an anti-reflection layer composed of a transparent ceramic material that enhances solar transmission, a low metal volume fraction (LMVF) cermet solar absorption layer, a high metal volume fraction (HMVF) cermet solar absorption layer, which forms interference absorption bilayer and an IR- reflective metallic layer that decreases the IR emission. Although the use of solar energy for electricity production using photovoltaic cells is well known today, the use of other technologies such as Concentrating Solar Power (CSP) is under development and could produce 25% of global electricity by 2050.
    keywords: absorbing; coating; energy; figure; layer; temperature
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        item: #1225 of 7527
          id: cet-11358
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 3Galluzzi_Revised Manuscript.docx
        date: 2021-04-09
       words: 3381
      flesch: 46
     summary: We report here the use of novel g-C3N4 decorated TiO2 nanotube ordered thin films as cathodic electrodes for the selective reduction of oxalic acid to high-added-value chemicals such as glyoxylic acid and glycolic acid. We will report here results on the electrocatalytic reduction of OX to GO and GC by new electrodes based on g-C3N4 decorated TiO2 nanotube ordered thin films (TiO2-NTF) prepared by anodic oxidation.
    keywords: acid; c3n4; mol; reduction; tio2; urea
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        item: #1226 of 7527
          id: cet-11359
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 3Galluzzi_Revised Manuscript.docx
        date: 2021-04-09
       words: 3518
      flesch: 54
     summary: Thanks to technological developments (Bavasso et al., 2016), nowadays it is possible to choose from a great variety of solutions for soil stabilization, as low- or high-pressure injections of fluid mixtures: in literature there are several examples of studies on the improvement of the mechanical characteristics of soils through injections of mixtures of nanomaterials. To verify the improvement in sand strength, standard geotechnical tests, such as direct shear tests, were performed on soil samples before and after the injection of micro- and nano-particles of natural materials (sand, clay and graphite).
    keywords: clay; materials; mixture; nano; results; sand; soil; strength
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        item: #1227 of 7527
          id: cet-1136
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - CET--006.docx
        date: 2017-07-25
       words: 3157
      flesch: 53
     summary: In the process of obtaining global soil information by soil information of samples, the establishment of soil landscape model is one of the most important links in soil science research. A reasonable sampling layout is the basis for accurate acquisition of representative soil landscape models.
    keywords: fuzzy; landscape; lead; map; means; membership; model; prediction; soil
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        item: #1228 of 7527
          id: cet-11360
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 3Galluzzi_Revised Manuscript.docx
        date: 2021-04-09
       words: 2875
      flesch: 37
     summary: At first was analyzed hydraulic conductivity of an untreated sample, composed by only sand with granulometric range of 1÷2 mm, then all the other samples treated with nanomaterials mixtures. The next bar chart (Figure 2) illustrates the hydraulic conductivity values comparing untreated sand and other samples treated with nanomaterials mixtures.
    keywords: engineering; graphene; mixtures; nanomaterials; permeability; sand; soil; table; test
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        item: #1229 of 7527
          id: cet-11361
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 3Galluzzi_Revised Manuscript.docx
        date: 2021-04-09
       words: 3366
      flesch: 41
     summary: Results and Discussion 3.1 Characterization of activated carbon supported nZVIs TEM analysis was performed to examine the morphology, dispersion and nanostructure of Activated carbon supported nZVIs. Figure 2b, reveals the effect of the solution pH on phosphate adsorption by activated carbon supported nZVIs nanocomposite with the initial pH values ranging from 3.0 to 11.0.
    keywords: adsorbent; adsorption; carbon; nzvi; phosphate; removal; solution; water
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        item: #1230 of 7527
          id: cet-11362
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 3Galluzzi_Revised Manuscript.docx
        date: 2021-04-09
       words: 2371
      flesch: 48
     summary: Figure 7: TGA analysis of biochar adsorption product on GO 3. Experimental part- modification of GO  a) GO is a hydrophilic compound based on the oxidation of graphite in a sulfuric acid medium with strong oxidizing agents (KMnO4)  b) Long-term oxidation of graphite and biochar at a laboratory temperature (biochar, graphite, H2SO4, HNO3, KClO3, 20 hours)  c) Short-term joint oxidation of graphite and biochar at an increased temperature GO-Biochar (biochar, graphite, H2SO4, HNO3, KClO3, 45-55 °C, 1 hour)  d) Adsorption reaction of the prepared graphene oxide with biochar  e) Spinning of GO suspension  f) Reaction of graphite and biochar with potassium permanganate in the environment of sulfuric acid with subsequent reduction of the product -) graphite - biochar 1:1, ascorbic acid, lyophilization).
    keywords: adsorption; biochar; figure; graphene; oxide; product
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        item: #1231 of 7527
          id: cet-11363
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 3Galluzzi_Revised Manuscript.docx
        date: 2021-04-09
       words: 3143
      flesch: 44
     summary: Figure 1: As prepared 3D-printed GP/ZSM-5 monolith (a); GP/ZSM-5 monolith after acid treatment and subsequent ionic exchange with CuAc2 solution (b). Mohan S., Dinesha P., Kumar S., 2020, NOx reduction behaviour in copper zeolite catalysts for ammonia SCR systems: A review, Chemical Engineering Journal, 384, 123253.
    keywords: acid; copper; monolith; scr; treatment; zeolite
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        item: #1232 of 7527
          id: cet-11364
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 3Galluzzi_Revised Manuscript.docx
        date: 2021-04-09
       words: 4102
      flesch: 47
     summary: 1. Introduction Targeted cultivation of all types of cells starting from the most complex such as stem cells moving on to relatively simple like yeast cells require special devices (bioreactors). 3. Results and discussion First of all, as it was recently described (Sorokin et al., 2013), the addition of silver nitrate AgNO3 solution leads to the formation of nanoparticles of 25-70 nm in size within 20-30 minutes for yeast cells growing in a liquid nutrient medium.
    keywords: agarose; cells; formation; gel; gels; growth; layer; nanoparticles; silver; yeast
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        item: #1233 of 7527
          id: cet-11365
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 3Galluzzi_Revised Manuscript.docx
        date: 2021-04-09
       words: 2779
      flesch: 40
     summary: In the current study, the disk was properly modified in order to further allocate a single annulus-shaped substrate made of aluminium AA2024 (outer diameter OD=25.6 cm, inner diameter ID=22.4 cm, thickness = 6 mm) with a total coating area of 121 cm 2. UV-vis absorption spectra were acquired on nanoparticle coatings deposited on quartz substrates, by means of an Agilent UV- visible 8453 spectrophotometer. More specifically, few nm diameter TiO2 nanoparticles in the form of anatase are synthesized by flame aerosol and directly deposited as thin film by thermophoresis on aluminium alloy AA2024 samples.
    keywords: aa2024; aluminium; coatings; corrosion; deposition; nano; samples; tio2
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        item: #1234 of 7527
          id: cet-11366
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 3Galluzzi_Revised Manuscript.docx
        date: 2021-04-09
       words: 2792
      flesch: 57
     summary: [Oualha et al., 2017] Various nanoparticles of TiO2 (Rivalin et al., 2003), ZrO2 (Labidi et al., 2015), Ag (Jia et al., 2012) etc… were prepared. In a previous work in our team (Oualha et al., Chem Eng Trans, vol 73, 67-72 (2019))
    keywords: figure; flow; light; mixer; regime; scattering
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        item: #1235 of 7527
          id: cet-11367
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 3Galluzzi_Revised Manuscript.docx
        date: 2021-04-09
       words: 3427
      flesch: 51
     summary: In the case of PU treated textiles, besides the improvement of the mechanical strength, the polymeric protection has probably favoured the creation of smoother, less corrugated surfaces with a reduction in friction between the tested fabric and the reference abrading medium. In this framework, the study aimed to verify the effectiveness of silica nanoparticles in imparting hydrophobic characteristics for technical synthetic common polyester-based textiles.
    keywords: fabric; nanoparticles; pes; silica; surface; textile; water; weft
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        item: #1236 of 7527
          id: cet-11368
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 3Galluzzi_Revised Manuscript.docx
        date: 2021-04-09
       words: 2706
      flesch: 51
     summary: The integration of thin films in MEMS devices is essential to have a series of advantages, such as small weight and inertia, low power consumption and short response time (Hu, 2018). thin films are reported in Figure 5 a) and b), respectively.
    keywords: bct; films; moe; pgme; precursor; solution; thin
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        item: #1237 of 7527
          id: cet-11369
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 3Galluzzi_Revised Manuscript.docx
        date: 2021-04-09
       words: 3404
      flesch: 51
     summary: The main component relative to sp2C-C bonding shifted by -0.04 eV for a 30W power and continued down-shifting by raising the RF power values to reach -0.17 eV for 80 W. Figure 2: XPS spectra for graphenic powder and deposited TiO2 nanoparticles at different RF power values (a) C 1s core levels with marked positions of the C-C (sp2) bond (b) Ti 2p core level spectra. In this work, the results of a study of TiO2 particle decoration of graphenic carbon powder are presented, with a focus on the modification of the electronic properties of the graphenic powder at the interface with the nanoparticles, the structural changes of the carbon-based powder and on the oxide nanoparticles.
    keywords: activity; core; graphene; level; nanoparticles; photocatalytic; powder; tio2; values
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        item: #1238 of 7527
          id: cet-1137
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - CET--006.docx
        date: 2017-07-25
       words: 3019
      flesch: 53
     summary: Xiao J., Lei B., Yuan B., 2008, Compressive strength distribution of recycled aggregate concr ete derived from different origins. On the basis of a large experimental program, the statistical parameters of compressive strength of RAC are investigated.
    keywords: aggregate; concrete; distribution; nac; rac; rca; strength
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        item: #1239 of 7527
          id: cet-11370
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 3Galluzzi_Revised Manuscript.docx
        date: 2021-04-09
       words: 3703
      flesch: 46
     summary: PLA filament demonstrated a quite constant complex permittivity in the explored frequency range, with a real part of about 2.8 and imaginary part 0.2 (Figure 2). 112 Figure 4: AC electrical conductivity for SB (left) and ME (right) filament samples compared with pure PLA When comparing the AC conductivity measurements performed on all the samples, it can be observed that conductivities are generally higher in ME than in SB filaments and this characteristic, similarly than the case of the complex permittivity, is not dependent by the kind of filler.
    keywords: cnt; conductivity; filaments; filler; gnp; permittivity; pla; properties
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        item: #1240 of 7527
          id: cet-11371
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 3Galluzzi_Revised Manuscript.docx
        date: 2021-04-09
       words: 3589
      flesch: 42
     summary: A new pre-treatment method for carbon paper supports has been developed and evaluated. Among them, carbon-based structures such as carbon paper are widely used: their composition allows the diffusion of gaseous reagents and products and simultaneously does not permit the flooding of the gas-diffusion structure by aqueous electrolytes.
    keywords: carbon; carbon paper; copper; deposition; electrode; electrodeposition; gdl; paper; pretreatment; structure; support
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        item: #1241 of 7527
          id: cet-11372
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 3Galluzzi_Revised Manuscript.docx
        date: 2021-04-09
       words: 3807
      flesch: 45
     summary: 19,5 1 66 nm PVP 4000 rpm BaSO4, barium sulfate Cafiero et al. 2002 50 1 700 nm 1000 rpm BaSO4 Farahani et al. 2017 20 4/1,4,7,10 23 nm 4750 rpm Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2, Hydroxyapatite De Capraris et al. 2012 8.5 1/2,3 80 nm 1400 rpm Cu, copper Marchetti et al. 2019 8.5 2,4/2.5 26 nm 1400 rpm Cu Ahoba-Sam et al. 2018 10 1 3.2 nm 2400 rpm CuO, copper oxide after calcination Chang et al. 2011 20 Vertical disc 1 45 nm 4000 rpm Fe nZVI, iron nanozerovalent Vilardi et al. 2019 8.5 5/1.5, 2, 2.5, 3, 3.5 28 nm 1400 rpm Fe3O4, magnetite Chin et al. 20 1 10-200 nm 2000 rpm 122 encapsulated in chitosan 2006 Fe3O4, magnetite Chin et al. 2008 10 1 3-5 nm 2500 rpm FeO4 Haseidi et al. 2016 10 1 6 nm 5000 rpm KNO3, potassium nitrate Vilardi et al. 2017 8.5 1 with recirculation < 250 nm 140 rpm Mg(OH)2, magnesium hydroxide Tai et al. 2017 12 1 47 nm 2000 rpm Pd, palladium Zou et al. 2011 10 1 160 nm 1500 rpm S, sulfur core to be coated with TiO2 Dell’Era et al. 2019 8.5 1 60 nm 1400 rpm TiO2, titanium dioxide Mohammadi et al. 2014 30 3/0,5,10 < 5 nm 1200 rpm ZnO, zinc oxide Stoller et al. 2020 8.5 4/1.5, 2, 2.5, 3 50 nm 1400 rpm ZnO Hartleb et al. 2007 10 1 1 nm 3000 rpm -carotene Anantachoke et al. 2006 10 1 40 nm 1000 rpm Chitosan for drug loading Loh et al. 2010 10 1 20 nm 1000 rpm Curcumin Khan et al. 2014 15,18 1 S-AS process 220 nm 1500 rpm Nimesulide Rathod et al. 2018 18 1 S-AS process 192 nm 300 rpm Starch Cana et al. 2019 30 1 S-AS process 90 nm 1200 rpm Table 1 shows in order, metallic, inorganic compounds, and organic ones. Examples are the reduced atmosphere of H2 in Pd's production (Zou et al., 2011) and that one of carbon dioxide for carbonation of calcium hydroxide to produce calcium carbonate (Tai et al., 2005).
    keywords: disc; et al; nanoparticles; process; reactor; rpm; sdr; spinning
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        item: #1242 of 7527
          id: cet-11373
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 3Galluzzi_Revised Manuscript.docx
        date: 2021-04-09
       words: 2668
      flesch: 49
     summary: The effect of addition of different carbon fillers on various MPL relevant properties, as well as electrical resistance, gas permeance and hydrophobicity was studied. Carbon-based fillers (e.g. graphite, carbon black and carbon nanotubes) can be added to the starting polymeric dope solution in order to obtain an electro conductive film.
    keywords: black; carbon; figure; fillers; graphite; mpls; nanotubes
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        item: #1243 of 7527
          id: cet-11374
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 3Galluzzi_Revised Manuscript.docx
        date: 2021-04-09
       words: 4000
      flesch: 46
     summary: Regarding LA, in CB samples it decreases from AD to the treatment at 200 °C and then it increases again in CB_TT_550; when GO is introduced, LA instead increases from CB/GO_AD to CB/GO_TT_200 and then slightly decreases after the treatment at 550 °C. After the thermal treatment at 550°C, the ZP becomes -7.51 mV. This value indicates a strong reduction of the negative surface charge, accordingly with GO reduction.
    keywords: analysis; carbon; chemical; graphene; oxide; reduction; samples; temperature; treatment; water
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        item: #1244 of 7527
          id: cet-11375
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 3Galluzzi_Revised Manuscript.docx
        date: 2021-04-09
       words: 4197
      flesch: 39
     summary: Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) is a particularly versatile and safe polymer, characterized by favorable interaction with various organic and inorganic compounds, solubility in water and many organic solvents, high biocompatibility and non-toxicity (Passaro et al., 2019). Thermal treated PVP-based electrospun mats were recently investigated by some of the authors for sound absorption (Del Sorbo et al., 2019), also showing water resistance and self-extinguishing capability when silica nanoparticles were used as filler and backbone in the polymer matrix (Passaro et al., 2019; Ciaburro et al., 2020; Giannella et al., 2020).
    keywords: acac; electrospun; et al; gel; hsgt; hybrid; materials; pvp; tio2
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        item: #1245 of 7527
          id: cet-11376
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 3Galluzzi_Revised Manuscript.docx
        date: 2021-04-09
       words: 2882
      flesch: 53
     summary: In these cases, the residue was dissolved in N- methyl pyrrolidone (NMP) and named “NMP-tar” SEC analysis of the NMP-tar fraction collected in N2 and in CO2; 148 Figure 6A reports the UV-Visible spectra of NMP-tars, which exhibit a broader absorption with a tail extended into the visible wavelength range.
    keywords: acetone; carbon; figure; fluorescence; fraction; nmp; tar
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        item: #1246 of 7527
          id: cet-11377
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 3Galluzzi_Revised Manuscript.docx
        date: 2021-04-09
       words: 2574
      flesch: 50
     summary: Nowadays one of the most significant environmental problems is related to wastewater treatment because the release of pollutants into the environment has posed a risk to natural ecosystems and human health. Three main steps are applied in wastewater treatments that are commonly called preliminary, secondary and tertiary treatment.
    keywords: engineering; leather; photocatalytic; raman; treatment; wastewater; zno
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        item: #1247 of 7527
          id: cet-11378
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 3Galluzzi_Revised Manuscript.docx
        date: 2021-04-09
       words: 3076
      flesch: 34
     summary: After glutaraldehyde functionalization, the obtained powders were suspended in laccase T. solution at 20 °C and 100 rpm for 24 h, resulting in Schiff base formation and subsequent cross-linking of laccase T. with functionalized UPA(γ) powders (laccase@UPA(γ)). By comparing Figure 1d with Figure 1c, the UPA(γ) border became smoother after laccase T. immobilization.
    keywords: biocatalyst; dye; figure; immobilization; laccase; laccase@upa(γ; powders; rbbr; upa(γ
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        item: #1248 of 7527
          id: cet-11379
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 3Galluzzi_Revised Manuscript.docx
        date: 2021-04-09
       words: 2488
      flesch: 45
     summary: Introduction Nowadays, thanks to their unique properties, including high power density, small size, cost-effectivness, long cycle life, and good reversibility (Wang et al., 2013), supercapacitors have become one of the most essential and promising energy storage devices. These superior structural parameters contribute to short diffusion paths and to rapid ions transport, as well as wettability and fast electron transport, which determine high electrochemical performances.
    keywords: capacitance; chemical; electrode; figure; journal; materials; surface; tio2
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        item: #1249 of 7527
          id: cet-1138
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - CET--006.docx
        date: 2017-07-25
       words: 3434
      flesch: 45
     summary: This article, from the perspective of slurry flow law, analyses the impact of grouting pressure, slurry flow rate, groundwater velocity, slurry viscosity, aperture, groundwater pressure and other parameters on grouting rules from hydrostatic conditions and hydrodynamic conditions, which is the supplement to the grouting theory, but also has a certain reference value in the engineering field. Zhao Ziliang tested the viscosity of the pure cement slurry at different times in different water cement ratios: Table 3: The changes of slurry viscosity with time going on Water cement ratio 0min 10min 20min 30min 40min 0.7:1 23.0 23.0 25.2 27.2 29.4 1:1 18.5 19.2 20.9 23.0 24.8 1.5:1 16.6 17.3 18.8 20.0 21.5 2:1 16.0 16.4 17.1 18.1 19.5 Notice: Each time the viscosity is tested three times to take the average, and the unit is s.
    keywords: chemical; engineering; flow; fluid; fracture; grouting; permeability; pressure; slurry; viscosity; water
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        item: #1250 of 7527
          id: cet-11380
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 3Galluzzi_Revised Manuscript.docx
        date: 2021-04-09
       words: 3780
      flesch: 46
     summary: Carbon onions, also called carbon nano-onions (CNOs) or onion-like carbon (OLC), consist of spherical closed carbon shells and owe their name to the concentric layered structure resembling that of an onion. However, two kinds of carbon nanoparticles, nanodiamond (Mochalin et al., 2012) and carbon onions (Butenko et al., 2013), discovered before fullerenes and nanotubes, stayed for a long time in the shadow of more popular and better-investigated nanocarbons.
    keywords: carbon; cnos; nano; onions; reduction; sdbs; surfactants; wear
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        item: #1251 of 7527
          id: cet-11381
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 3Galluzzi_Revised Manuscript.docx
        date: 2021-04-09
       words: 3998
      flesch: 47
     summary: SNSPDs are characterized by high efficiency in the infrared wavelength domain (IR), low noise and dead time, which can in turn enhance the signal quality in Lidar atmospheric measurements at λ > 1 µm, an interesting range for environmental applications. The experimental results at 1064 nm demonstrate the feasibility of the approach for aerosol measurements in the IR, opening the way to further investigations on the use of these detectors for Lidar atmospheric measurements in the IR.
    keywords: figure; lidar; measurement; photon; signal; snspd; superconducting; wavelength
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        item: #1252 of 7527
          id: cet-11382
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 3Galluzzi_Revised Manuscript.docx
        date: 2021-04-09
       words: 3373
      flesch: 47
     summary: Therefore, it is possible to affirm that alginate beads are not suitable carriers for photocatalytic nanoparticles since they lack of stability during the photocatalytic activity. This effect has to be taken into account in case of regeneration of alginate beads when photocatalytic nanoparticles are used for the decoration of such materials.
    keywords: adsorption; alginate; beads; calcium; nanoparticles; removal; tio2; zno
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        item: #1253 of 7527
          id: cet-11383
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 3Galluzzi_Revised Manuscript.docx
        date: 2021-04-09
       words: 2920
      flesch: 44
     summary: No detectable redox peaks can be found in the chosen potential window, which indicates a nearly ideal capacitive behavior (Wang et al., 2015; Du et al., 2009; Yoo et al., 2011; Zhu et al., 2010; Sarno et al., 2016; Karandikar et al., 2012; Nishihara et al., 2012; Sarno et al., 2019). 1. Introduction Energy availability and greenhouse gasses emission has become a problem related to the excessive consumption of traditional non-renewable sources (Wang et al., 2013).
    keywords: al2o3; capacitance; electrode; energy; et al; figure; plasma; powder; supercapacitor; wang
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        item: #1254 of 7527
          id: cet-11384
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 3Galluzzi_Revised Manuscript.docx
        date: 2021-04-09
       words: 3677
      flesch: 36
     summary: Prior to modification, gold electrodes were manually polished with water and acetone and then submitted to 50 voltammetric cycles in 0.2 M phosphate buffer at pH 7 in the potential range between −0.45 V and 1.4 V, at a scan rate of 100 mV s-1; copper electrodes were polished with HNO3 (30 % v/v) in order to remove the native oxide layer. Afterwards, the metal electrodes have been submitted to a functionalization of the electrode surface with 4-nitrobenzenediazonium performed by cyclic voltammetric runs in the range of potential 0.6 V to -0.4 V (2 cycles, scan rate 100 mV s-1) for gold electrodes and -0.2 V / -1,2 V (4 cycles, scan rate 20 mV s-1) for copper electrodes in acetonitrile solution containing 2 mM of 4-nitrobenzenediazonium tetrafluoroborate and 0.1 M of tetrabutylammonium hexafluorophosfate as supporting electrolyte.
    keywords: copper; electrodes; fuel; metal; pani; potential; reduction; scan; surface
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        item: #1255 of 7527
          id: cet-11385
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 3Galluzzi_Revised Manuscript.docx
        date: 2021-04-09
       words: 2987
      flesch: 48
     summary: The degradation of aniline in the presence of immobilized enzyme was as high as > 98% after 6 h. In particular, the enzymatic degradation by immobilized laccase could be attributed to the stability of immobilized laccases showing the rate of removal higher than that of free laccase during 8 h of reaction. TG-DTG profiles of Fe3O4@PEI, PEI, CNCs, MCNCs , immobilized laccase, and Laccase (Sigma Aldrich (a); TG-DTG profiles of PEI, Fe3O4@PEI, CNCs, MCNCs, immobilized laccase and laccase were shown in Figure 3.
    keywords: aniline; degradation; enzyme; fe3o4@pei; figure; laccase; mcncs; nanoparticles; reaction
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        item: #1256 of 7527
          id: cet-11386
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 3Galluzzi_Revised Manuscript.docx
        date: 2021-04-09
       words: 3968
      flesch: 50
     summary: The average Pd NPs diameter is similar to the one obtained by IDC catalyst (Abate et al., 2016), although the SI catalyst's particle size distribution is narrower and bell-shaped (Giorgianni et al., 2019). Comparing the obtained result for the fresh SIC catalyst with the previously reported results of the NRC and IDC catalysts after calcination (Abate et al., 2016), showing a similar Pd loading (Table 1), the SIC catalyst showed the best selectivity.
    keywords: abate; catalyst; h2o2; idc; nrc; sic; surface; synthesis
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        item: #1257 of 7527
          id: cet-11387
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 3Galluzzi_Revised Manuscript.docx
        date: 2021-04-09
       words: 3828
      flesch: 46
     summary: NH3-TPD enables the classification of catalysts acid sites into two classes: weak and strong acid sites. Catizzone, E., Aloise, A., Migliori, M., Giordano, G., 2017, The effect of FER zeolite acid sites in methanol-to- dimethyl-ether catalytic dehydration, Journal of energy chemistry, 26(3), 406-415.
    keywords: acid; bronsted; conversion; dme; methanol; samples; sites
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        item: #1258 of 7527
          id: cet-11388
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 3Galluzzi_Revised Manuscript.docx
        date: 2021-04-09
       words: 4020
      flesch: 49
     summary: Experiments based on the lattice model demonstrate a clear effect of the uneven velocity profile of the carrier flow on the rate of particles swarm formation of the dispersed phase. In the case of absence of particles aggregation or their decay the equation of a particle motion in a flow can be written as follows 218   gmFeWdWm dt d prelp g pp    22 2    (1)
    keywords: aggregation; brener; flow; model; particles; swarming; velocity
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        item: #1259 of 7527
          id: cet-11389
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 3Galluzzi_Revised Manuscript.docx
        date: 2021-04-09
       words: 2907
      flesch: 50
     summary: 223 2. Materials and methods 2.1 Characteristics of the BRL blue dye Synthetic water with blue BRL dye was prepared with concentrations similar to those discharged in the textile industry, taking into account the scientific literature. To this mixture with BRL blue dye, 2 mL of colloidal solution of silver nanoparticles was added in an ultraviolet light chamber for 5 min (UV-A Fluorescent Lamp, size: 33 (L) x 2.5 (D) - Tubular 10 W - 368nm, Model F10T8 / BL368, GLEECON brand).
    keywords: agnps; blue; brl; crispum; dye; extract; nanoparticles; petroselinum; silver; treatment
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        item: #1260 of 7527
          id: cet-1139
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - CET--006.docx
        date: 2017-07-25
       words: 3528
      flesch: 50
     summary: According to the references (Gartner and Hirao, 2015), the strength of solidified concrete debris mainly depends on the cementation of solidifying agent being hydrated and hardened and the filled pores effect (Mymrin et al., 2015). During the process of strength increment of solidified concrete debris, the cement content when the pores is fully filled with grout corresponded to the value 25.4% calculated on theory is basically the same as that value 25% from the experiment.
    keywords: cement; concrete; debris; group; gypsum; lime; pores; strength
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        item: #1261 of 7527
          id: cet-11390
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 3Galluzzi_Revised Manuscript.docx
        date: 2021-04-09
       words: 3141
      flesch: 46
     summary: Rheological measurements were performed at 190°C in an angular frequency range from 0.1 to 100 rad/s, using 25 mm diameter parallel plates. The aim was of mixing the recyclate with amounts of nanozeolite enough to ideally capture all the water molecules contained inside Fil-s. Then, the undried recyclate was mechanically mixed with the different contents of the nanofiller and extruded by means a single screw extruder.
    keywords: adsorption; fil; moisture; nanozeolite; recyclate
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        item: #1262 of 7527
          id: cet-11391
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 3Galluzzi_Revised Manuscript.docx
        date: 2021-04-09
       words: 3983
      flesch: 47
     summary: 3.2 Elongated hollow micro-structures The Young moduli (E) of the proteinaceous microstructures lies in the range 800 - 1000 kPa depending on the protein/PI ratio: lower values of the protein/PI ratio produce stiffer hydrogels (Zeynali et al. 2020). Raimondi, M. T., Eaton, S. M., Laganà, M., Aprile, V., Nava, M. M., Cerullo, G., Osellame, R., 2013, Three- dimensional structural niches engineered via two-photon laser polymerization promote stem cell homing.
    keywords: figure; laser; microstructures; panel; photo; proteinaceous; structures; writing
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        item: #1263 of 7527
          id: cet-11392
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 6Fornaro.docx
        date: 2021-05-10
       words: 2533
      flesch: 45
     summary: Activity 2: Background conditions analysis Environmental monitoring data from each station were analyzed during the absence of transport and handling activities in the harbor. References Adler R., Buonadonna P., Chabra J. et al., Design and Deployment of Industrial Sensor Networks: Experiences from the North Sea and a Semiconductor Plant in ACM SenSys, San Diego, Calif, USA, 2005.
    keywords: activity; conditions; data; monitoring; sensor; time; vocs
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        item: #1264 of 7527
          id: cet-11393
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 6Fornaro.docx
        date: 2021-05-10
       words: 3928
      flesch: 40
     summary: The aim is therefore to define a viable methodology to time series of odour concentration data collected at the fence of a plant, to be used to gather information on periodic odour variations. Proceedings Odours and Air Emissions Sozzi R., Bolignano A., Sironi S., Capelli L., 2018, Reflections on odour concentration fluctuations and nuisance, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 68, 199-204 Schauberger, G., Piringer, M. Petz, E., 2000, Diurnal and annual variation of the sensation distance of odour emitted by livestock buildings calculated by the Austrian odour dispersion model (AODM).
    keywords: analysis; data; monitoring; odour; peak; plant; ptm; station; time
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        item: #1265 of 7527
          id: cet-11394
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 6Fornaro.docx
        date: 2021-05-10
       words: 3946
      flesch: 48
     summary: This paper focuses on the development a specific drift correction model based on OPLS to mitigate drift effects on e-nose data relevant to three olfactometric campaigns carried out at a landfill over three years. Thus, in case of real environmental samples, this approach should be integrated with specific correction models to completely mitigate the aging effects on sensor responses.
    keywords: data; drift; model; monitoring; nose; opls
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        item: #1266 of 7527
          id: cet-11395
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 6Fornaro.docx
        date: 2021-05-10
       words: 3175
      flesch: 45
     summary: Odour concentrations measured by the IOMS at the landfill fenceline during the monitoring period 3.2 Fenceline monitoring WT1 data relevant to the fenceline monitoring period, which lasted about 30 days, were processed by the two- step decisional model, in order determine odour provenance and estimate odour concentration. A publication of The Italian Association of Chemical Engineering Online at www.cetjournal.it Guest Editors: Selena Sironi, Laura Capelli Copyright © 2021, AIDIC Servizi S.r.l. ISBN 978-88-95608-83-9; ISSN 2283-9216 Real-time Monitoring of Odour Concentration at a Landfill Fenceline: Performance Verification in the Field Carmen Bax*, Beatrice Julia Lotesoriere, Laura Capelli Politecnico di Milano, Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical engineering “Giulio Natta”, piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, Milan 20133, Italy; carmen.bax@polimi.it An emerging application of electronic noses in the environmental field concerns the real-time measurement of odour concentration at plants fencelines.
    keywords: concentration; fenceline; field; ioms; landfill; monitoring; odour
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        item: #1267 of 7527
          id: cet-11396
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 6Fornaro.docx
        date: 2021-05-10
       words: 3207
      flesch: 47
     summary: The result shows that the proposed technology can capture up to 80% of CO2 concentration, produce microalgae biomass (742 mg l-1) and potentially biodegrade aromatic substances such as VOCs. Accordingly, CO2 concentration continues its rapid rise in 2019, with peak average values of 414.7 parts per million (ppmv) in May (National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration 2019).
    keywords: biomass; co2; concentration; microalgae; production; zarra
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        item: #1268 of 7527
          id: cet-11397
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 6Fornaro.docx
        date: 2021-05-10
       words: 1551
      flesch: 49
     summary: 31 Figure 1: Case study area and surroundings Table 1 shows the results of a previous monitoring campaign in terms of emission odour concentration of sources, expressed in normalized odour units. It is noticed odour emissions are essentially caused by primary sedimentation, thickeners, and digesters (Figure 7).
    keywords: cfd; domain; figure; odour; study; wind
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        item: #1269 of 7527
          id: cet-11398
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 6Fornaro.docx
        date: 2021-05-10
       words: 2180
      flesch: 46
     summary: Control of odour emission in wastewater treatment plants by direct and undirected measurement of odour emission capacity, Water Science and Technology, 68(8), 1627– 1633, ISSN: 0273-1223, doi: 10.2166/wst.2012.362. Zarra T., Galang M.G., Ballesteros F., Belgiorno V., Naddeo V. (2019). The definition of proactive tools for the assessment of potential odour emissions from the emitting sources can prevent the occurrence of potential significant odours events and as consequence complaints.
    keywords: device; emission; h2odour; liquid; odour; oec; treatment
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        item: #1270 of 7527
          id: cet-11399
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 6Fornaro.docx
        date: 2021-05-10
       words: 3915
      flesch: 53
     summary: Table 2: Frequently detection of volatile odorous compounds in biosolids emission samples. Obtained results of biosolids emission analyses using GCxGC–TOF–MS are presented in the Table 2.
    keywords: + +; biosolids; chemical; compounds; emission; fisher; odorants; odour; samples
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        item: #1271 of 7527
          id: cet-114
      author: TW
       title: cet-114
        date: 2017-10-04
       words: 4134
      flesch: 50
     summary: These agronomic and environmental risks imply that there is a need to strategically match biochar sources (i.e., pyrolysis plants and the associated feedstocks and process conditions) with biochar sinks (i.e., agricultural lands and the associated local soil conditions) in order to minimize the adverse effects of biochar application to soil (Tan, 2016). The framework can be used as a decision-support tool to guide the high-level planning and implementation of biochar source–sink networks.
    keywords: biochar; carbon; co2; cost; model; sink; soil; source; total
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        item: #1272 of 7527
          id: cet-1140
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - CET--006.docx
        date: 2017-07-25
       words: 4015
      flesch: 42
     summary: In this paper, we theoretically study on the cracking problem of concrete due to temperature stress. When analysing the temperature effect of the upper structure, the bottom of the upper structure model is often simulated by the fixed bearing, of the constraints will produce temperature stress in the floor.
    keywords: concrete; deformation; effect; engineering; floor; structure; temperature; temperature difference; temperature stress
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        item: #1273 of 7527
          id: cet-11400
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 6Fornaro.docx
        date: 2021-05-10
       words: 3369
      flesch: 42
     summary: Results demonstrate the existence of considerable differences in terms of correct classification percentage, in the use of different feature extraction methods. To define the best strategy to implement in real application like as oil refinery sector, the influence of different extraction methods has been studied by using an advanced IOMS -3500 -3000 -2500 -2000 -1500 -1000 -500 0 500 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 2.7 f F E (D V R ) ID Sensor position AF1 T1 PT1 E1 PE1 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 2.7 f F E (R C R ) ID Sensor position AF1 T1 PT1 E1 PE1 -0.5 -0.4 -0.3 -0.2 -0.1 0 0.1 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 2.7 f F E (F C R ) ID Sensor position AF1 T1 PT1 E1 PE1 -0.8 -0.6 -0.4 -0.2 0 0.2 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 2.7 f F E (L C R ) ID Sensor position AF1 T1 PT1 E1 PE1 -0.2 0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 2.7 f F E (F C C ) ID Sensor position AF1 T1 PT1 E1 PE1 -1.0 -0.5 0.0 0.5 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 2.7f F E (F C C N ) ID Sensor position AF1 T1 PT1 E1 PE1 53 that allows the automatically analysis by setting the different operational modes.
    keywords: air; classes; extraction; feature; methods; monitoring; odour
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        item: #1274 of 7527
          id: cet-11401
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 6Fornaro.docx
        date: 2021-05-10
       words: 2674
      flesch: 54
     summary: The main sources of odor emission that can spread and annoy the neighborhood are the stacks as they presented the higher concentrations, henceforth their odor emission can be perceived from kilometers of distance. 1. Introduction Odor complaints in the vicinity of industries have increased substantially in recent years, and oil refineries are one of the sectors with the highest potential for odor emission.
    keywords: emission; gases; ground; measurements; odor; refinery; sensors; treatment
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        item: #1275 of 7527
          id: cet-11402
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 6Fornaro.docx
        date: 2021-05-10
       words: 2977
      flesch: 44
     summary: This paper describes a simple software tool (backward investigation tool) that allows you to trace, analyse and visualize back trajectories from a given position (receptor, i.e. that one who has complained about odour annoyance). The period T is appropriately chosen to describe the air masses trajectories from the receptors positions to a sufficiently large area centred in the alleged sources.
    keywords: area; data; odour; receptor; sources; time; trajectories; trajectory
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        item: #1276 of 7527
          id: cet-11403
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 6Fornaro.docx
        date: 2021-05-10
       words: 3615
      flesch: 52
     summary: 3.1 EFRT: U.S. EPA TANKS emission estimation As mentioned, Standing Losses from EFRTs (rim seal and deck fitting losses) are independent from tank logistics but are due to the vapour pressure of the stored liquid. As a matter of fact, a focus on the characterization of odour emission from these complex industries, due to the great relevance of diffuse emissions, is worthy.
    keywords: case; emission; epa; liquid; losses; odour; pressure; tanks; u.s
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        item: #1277 of 7527
          id: cet-11404
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 6Fornaro.docx
        date: 2021-05-10
       words: 3616
      flesch: 52
     summary: Odour analysis of the 44 selected compounds: cited referents using their codes (refer to figure 1), OS between brackets and number of assessors who participated to the analysis Odorants Panel odour referents Odorants Panel odour referents 1 2 3 1 2 3 1,2-Dimethylaniline 51 39(4) 41(3) 64(2) In this work, 44 odorants that may be emitted incidentally in industrial cities had their odour nature described using this objective method based on chemical referents, which creates a lexicon that does not change from an assessor to another.
    keywords: analysis; chemical; compounds; des; industrial; nez; odorants; odour; referents
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        item: #1278 of 7527
          id: cet-11405
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 6Fornaro.docx
        date: 2021-05-10
       words: 3077
      flesch: 41
     summary: Subsequently, a monthly form of odour records is distributed to the selected elements or a link to a google form in a smartphone can be used (Figure 1). This conditions may have influenced a higher number of odour records in locations at east, south and southeast of the emitting source which is consistent with the OP locations.
    keywords: analysis; approach; data; elements; figure; monitoring; odour; records
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        item: #1279 of 7527
          id: cet-11406
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 6Fornaro.docx
        date: 2021-05-10
       words: 3042
      flesch: 36
     summary: The pr-EN13725:2018 (CEN, 2018) provides all the 89 indications for the uncertainty estimation, through repeated odour concentration measurements of CRM and different real-case environmental samples. Figure 2: Odour concentration trend during OEC experimental measurement 2.2 Dynamic olfactometry uncertainty Uncertainty measurement for odour concentration is not a trivial task.
    keywords: analysis; concentration; distribution; measurement; odour; oec; olfactometry; uncertainty
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        item: #1280 of 7527
          id: cet-11407
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 6Fornaro.docx
        date: 2021-05-10
       words: 3565
      flesch: 40
     summary: 4. Conclusion The evaluation of panellists exposure risk, during olfactometric analysis, and the definition of a minimum dilution value appears crucial. Indeed, if the contribution of compounds without a defined toxicological threshold cannot be neglected, further assessment will be necessary on evaluating their potential toxicity, in order to conduct the toxicological evaluation of exposure risk for panellists.
    keywords: carcinogenic; concentration; exposure; panellists; risk; sample; value
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        item: #1281 of 7527
          id: cet-11408
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 6Fornaro.docx
        date: 2021-05-10
       words: 3173
      flesch: 51
     summary: Because olfactometry and sensorial odour measurement are based on direct sniffing with human nose, panellists cannot carry out tests with a mask. Technical adaptations for sensorial odour measurement with COVID-19 Three cases of adaptation are described depending on how sensorial odour measurement is carry out.
    keywords: air; anosmia; covid-19; measurement; odour; panellists; room
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        item: #1282 of 7527
          id: cet-11409
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 6Fornaro.docx
        date: 2021-05-10
       words: 3237
      flesch: 61
     summary: Thus, some questions surrounding the quality of odour mixtures remain unanswered. Qualitative odour properties of odour mixtures.
    keywords: figure; mercaptan; mixtures; model; odorants; odour; pinene; sulphurous; test
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        item: #1283 of 7527
          id: cet-1141
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - CET--006.docx
        date: 2017-07-25
       words: 3487
      flesch: 44
     summary: The method of meta-fractal dimension has more research on geomorphic features, but less in damage of foundation pit structure. According to the complex environmental effects of foundation pit engineering, the reinforcement of foundation pit support should not only ensure the safety and stability of the foundation pit itself, but also effectively control the movement of the surrounding strata and protect the surrounding environment.
    keywords: construction; deep; engineering; foundation; foundation pit; frame; method; pit support; reinforcement; reinforcement method; structure; support
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        item: #1284 of 7527
          id: cet-11410
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 6Fornaro.docx
        date: 2021-05-10
       words: 3611
      flesch: 47
     summary: For these reasons, the attention of control agencies on VOC emissions has increased and with it the request to quantify the total amount of VOC emitted by a plant, to monitor and to reduce this emission. Since the emission of VOC is correlated to the odorous impact of an industrial plant, it is possible to make primary assessments on the extent of the problem to be addressed by knowing the amount of VOC emissions of the plant to be investigated (Invernizzi et al., 2018).
    keywords: carbon; compounds; concentration; emission; epa; european; mass; method; quantification; u.s; voc
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        item: #1285 of 7527
          id: cet-11411
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 6Fornaro.docx
        date: 2021-05-10
       words: 4061
      flesch: 48
     summary: However, despite a lot of experimental efforts, no standard meteorological or operational conditions for odour emission measurement for passive area sources could be defined to pursue this approach. Implications of EN 15259 Air quality - measurement of stationary source emissions and other relevant sampling standards The sampling part of the standard, which was previously poorly developed, has been improved significantly, aligning with the requirements of framework standards relating to measurement of emissions from stationary sources such as EN 15259.
    keywords: area; group; measurement; odour; olfactometry; reference; sampling; sources; standard; task
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        item: #1286 of 7527
          id: cet-11412
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 6Fornaro.docx
        date: 2021-07-22
       words: 3918
      flesch: 42
     summary: Below is a list of questions that may be used for a discussion involving the formulation of odour regulation. Continuous improvement: Which level of graduality has been reached by countries with a history of odour regulations, and what were the results?
    keywords: approaches; chemical; citizens; countries; dispersion; environmental; field; legislation; measurement; odour; perception; regulation
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        item: #1287 of 7527
          id: cet-11413
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 6Fornaro.docx
        date: 2021-05-10
       words: 3155
      flesch: 43
     summary: The findings of this work represent an interesting outcome for setting up an odour dispersion modelling study, enriching the scientific debate about the knowledge of these emission phenomena, thereby allowing the implementation of emission rates more consistent with the experimental evidence. In addition, in each plot, the trend line (power line) is drawn highlighting the corresponding equation. 129 Figure 3: Emission rate of acetone in aqueous solution as a function of air velocity considering a concentration of 0.5 mL/L (a.), 5 mL/L (b.), 50 mL/L (c)., 500 mL/L (d.) Comparing the different plots, it seems that the influence of wind velocity on the emission rate of acetone is strictly connected to the concentration of VOC dissolved in water.
    keywords: concentrations; emission; emission rate; odour; rate; velocity; wind; wind velocity
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        item: #1288 of 7527
          id: cet-11414
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 6Fornaro.docx
        date: 2021-05-10
       words: 2983
      flesch: 35
     summary: Through workshops and meetings participants are introduced to the methodology and principles of stakeholder engagement approach in order to be part of the treatment. The main objective of the study is to understand the problem and through stakeholder engagement and the active involvement of as many parties as possible, who are affected by the problem, to improve the impact of odours in the area.
    keywords: area; engagement; issue; odour; problem; stakeholder; step; thessaloniki
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        item: #1289 of 7527
          id: cet-11415
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 6Fornaro.docx
        date: 2021-05-10
       words: 2975
      flesch: 52
     summary: The adapted odour annoyance index seems to give more accurate results for each assessment square compared to the odour impact characteristics results, as odour observations are weighted by odour intensity as simplified equivalent for odour annoyance. Results of odour observations gathered by citizens during a three-month period are compared with the traditional odour impact evaluation techniques such as field inspections.
    keywords: annoyance; assessment; caupolicán; observations; odour; source; villa
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        item: #1290 of 7527
          id: cet-11416
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 6Fornaro.docx
        date: 2021-05-10
       words: 3718
      flesch: 46
     summary: 2.3 Collection and analysis of odour observations Analysis of the correlation between the number of odour observations and the concentration of aldehydes in the wastewaters of the chemical plant on a daily basis Figure 4. Number of odour observations and average concentration of aldehydes (mg/l) in the wastewaters of the chemical plant on a weekly basis 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 Week average weekly concentration Number of observations 149 As can be seen from the trend line and the value of the correlation coefficient R2 reported in Figure 3, there is no correlation between the two investigated quantities, meaning that there is no two-way correlation between the activities of the chemical plant and the presence of malodours on the territory.
    keywords: chemical; emissions; observations; odour; odour observations; oue; plant; wwtp
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        item: #1291 of 7527
          id: cet-11417
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 6Fornaro.docx
        date: 2021-05-10
       words: 3231
      flesch: 45
     summary: 99 %, which highlights the good performance of Filtralite packing materials. Filtralite materials supported a more effective acclimation of the toluene degrading microbial communities, which completely degraded toluene (> 97%) by day 5, 12 and 35 in the BTF packed with Filtralite® Air AC, Filtralite® 10-20 mm and Kaldnes rings, respectively.
    keywords: air; biotrickling; btf; filtralite; h2s; materials; removal; toluene
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        item: #1292 of 7527
          id: cet-11418
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 6Fornaro.docx
        date: 2021-05-10
       words: 2993
      flesch: 32
     summary: The lifetime of activated carbon adsorption filters is determined according to the saturation time of the surface area of the adsorbent as a function of the saturation mass (adsorbate) and the exposure time to the emission flow, a time is projected estimated 1800 hours, since the saturation of activated carbons was 20% in 18 hours. The results reflect that there is an efficiency of gas adsorption with activated carbon filters, the most efficient being Cocos nucifera at 0, 6, 12 and 18 hours there was a CO adsorption of 51.4%, 52.5%, 54.3% and 60.9% respectively and with HC 54.5%, 62.8%, 65.8% and 67.3%, considerably minimizing the emission of gases, being a viable and ecologically friendly investigation.
    keywords: adsorption; carbon; cocos; cocos nucifera; filter; flexuosa; gas; hours; mauritia; nucifera
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        item: #1293 of 7527
          id: cet-11419
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 6Fornaro.docx
        date: 2021-05-10
       words: 3690
      flesch: 52
     summary: At 60 s, all biofilters had high removal efficiency (higher than 90%) at the two evaluated gas concentrations. In the elimination of H2S and NH3 by biofilters with packing bed of compost mixture of lignocellulosic wastes and chicken manure, EBRT of 25 s allows high removal efficiency and the highest elimination capacity for both gases.
    keywords: bed; biofilters; content; efficiency; gas; h2s; manure; moisture; nh3; removal
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        item: #1294 of 7527
          id: cet-1142
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - CET--006.docx
        date: 2017-07-25
       words: 2879
      flesch: 58
     summary: DOI: 10.3303/CET1759076 Please cite this article as: Gao Hexiang, 2017, Analysis of shear wall structure with one-way and small wall, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 59, 451-456 DOI:10.3303/CET1759076 451 Figure 1: Standard layer plane and build number map 2. 59, 2017 A publication of The Italian Association of Chemical Engineering Online at www.aidic.it/cet Guest Editors: Zhuo Yang, Junjie Ba, Jing Pan Copyright © 2017, AIDIC Servizi S.r.l. ISBN 978-88-95608- 49-5; ISSN 2283-9216 Analysis of Shear Wall Structure with One-way and Small Wall Gao Hexiang Architecture Engineering Department, Huanghuai University, Zhumadian 463000, China gaohexiang@126.com The X-direction frame, which is composed of Y-shear wall and floor, is involved in the anti-side and floor of the X-way shear wall structure by the simplified model.
    keywords: bending; floor; shear; shear wall; structure; wall; wall structure
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        item: #1295 of 7527
          id: cet-11420
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 6Fornaro.docx
        date: 2021-05-10
       words: 3670
      flesch: 44
     summary: This paper aims to compare the sensitivity of CALPUFF model to the initial vertical dispersion coefficient σz0, with the sensitivity of the Lagrangian model SPRAY to Δz when modelling odour emissions from landfills Indeed, since no indications relevant to suggested values for the investigated model parameters are available in literature or in the model guides, their definition is a critical issue. Indumati S., Oza R.B., Mayya Y.S., Puranik V.D., Kushwaha H.S., 2009, Dispersion of pollutants over land- water-land surface: Study using CALPUFF model, Atmospheric Environment, 43 (2), 473-478.
    keywords: calpuff; dispersion; emission; figure; model; odour; source; spray; σz0
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        item: #1296 of 7527
          id: cet-11421
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 6Fornaro.docx
        date: 2021-07-22
       words: 4095
      flesch: 42
     summary: Smith, R.J., Watts, P.J., 1994a, Determination of odour emission rates from cattle feedlots: Part 1, A review, Journal of Agricultural Engineering Research, 57, 145-155. Smith, R.J., Watts, P.J., 1994b, Determination of odour emission rates from cattle feedlots: Part 2, Evaluation of Two Wind Tunnels of Different Size, Journal of Agricultural Engineering Research, 58, 231-240. At this stage, there are many initiatives around the world related to odour dispersion modelling but there is no specific handbook or guidance document for odour modelling to our knowledge.
    keywords: data; dispersion; emission; environmental; group; handbook; model; modelling; odour; source; state; task; use
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        item: #1297 of 7527
          id: cet-11422
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 6Fornaro.docx
        date: 2021-05-10
       words: 4139
      flesch: 46
     summary: E-nose is a rapid method that can be utilized to measure olive oil oxidation and is also an effective method for evaluating the antioxidant effect of α-tocopherol on the oil quality of olive oil. The R value between hexanal and other oxidative indicators, such as FFAs, PV, and K270, was good for the evaluation of olive oil photooxidation and revealed that hexanal can be used as an oxidative marker of olive oil.
    keywords: concentration; hexanal; light; nose; oil; oils; olive; oxidation; phy; storage
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        item: #1298 of 7527
          id: cet-11423
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 6Fornaro.docx
        date: 2021-05-10
       words: 3925
      flesch: 50
     summary: In this study, molecular dynamics simulations were performed to investigate the effect of UFPs on the aggregation of amyloid beta peptides, associated with the development of Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) in human brain. Amyloid beta peptides are produced from APP (amyloid precursor protein) and have 38 - 43 aminoacids in their structure (Andreeva, Lukiw, and Rogaev 2017).
    keywords: aggregation; peptides; salt; systems
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        item: #1299 of 7527
          id: cet-11424
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 6Fornaro.docx
        date: 2021-05-10
       words: 2828
      flesch: 56
     summary: In addition, the database of molecule odour qualities found in the literature is very incomplete. If not, odour quality of molecules with an OAV<1 is checked.
    keywords: hemp; molecules; note; oav; odour; quality; retting; vocs
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        item: #1300 of 7527
          id: cet-11425
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 6Fornaro.docx
        date: 2021-05-10
       words: 4542
      flesch: 55
     summary: 2.2 Parameters and variables selection Relevant testing of the characteristics of gas sensors requires the selection of parameters and variables from real field use conditions. Index terms – Experimental design, synthetic gas mixtures, gas sensor array, benchmark, volatile organic compound, metal oxide semiconductor.
    keywords: + +; array; calibration; cancer; doe; gas; heptanal; humidity; samples; sensor
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        item: #1301 of 7527
          id: cet-11426
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 6Fornaro.docx
        date: 2021-05-10
       words: 3949
      flesch: 44
     summary: Considering the successful results in the literature achieved by combining chromatographic data of extracts containing volatile species with principal components analysis (Clemente et al., 2011), in this work, a fusion techniques approach is proposed for two different reasons: a) validate data from electronic nose employing head space solid phase microextraction coupled to gas chromatography and mass spectroscopy (HS-SPME- GC-MS) together with PCA statistical analysis; b) identify a potential techniques array able to univocally determine the floral origin of honey samples. During the analysis, honey samples were kept a constant temperature in a thermostatic water bath at 40.0 °C ± 0.5 for 5 minutes in order to produce the correct headspace.
    keywords: analysis; chromatography; compounds; eucalyptus; food; gas; honey; honey samples; italian; nose; sainfoin; samples
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        item: #1302 of 7527
          id: cet-11427
      author: CETJournal
       title: CET Volume 86
        date: 2021-06-15
       words: 3551
      flesch: 51
     summary: Kasprzyk-Hordern B., Dinsdale R.M., Guwy A.J., 2009, The removal of pharmaceuticals, personal care products, endocrine disruptors and illicit drugs during wastewater treatment and its impact on the quality of receiving waters, Water Res. 43 (2), 363–380. Kienle, C., 2015, Ökotoxikologische Biotests überprüfen Elimination von Mikroverunreinigungen, Aqua & Gas No. 7. Kılıç M., Apaydın-Varol E., Pütün A. E., 2012, Preparation and surface characterization of activated carbons from Euphorbia rigida by chemical activation with ZnCl2, K2CO3, NaOH and H3PO4, Applied Surface Science, 261, 247-254. Stavropoulos G.G., Samaras P., Sakellaropoulos G.P., 2008, Effect of activated carbons modification on porosity, surface structure and phenol adsorption, Journal of Hazardous Materials, 151, 414–421 Yorgun S., Yıldız D., 2015, Preparation and characterization of activated carbons from Paulownia wood by chemical activation with H3PO4, Journal of the Taiwan Institute of Chemical Engineers, 53, 122-131.
    keywords: activation; bed; carbon; chemical; fbr; ffbgc; pore; reactor; ssa; water
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        item: #1303 of 7527
          id: cet-11428
      author: CETJournal
       title: CET Volume 86
        date: 2021-06-15
       words: 4161
      flesch: 52
     summary: This concept of staged reforming of filtered gasification gas has been previously developed and tested in fluidized-bed gasifier systems by Kurkela et al. This is considered necessary to avoid partial combustion of raw gas containing high amounts of pyrolysis products.
    keywords: bed; biomass; gas; gasification; gasifier; kurkela; reformer; stage; test
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        item: #1304 of 7527
          id: cet-11429
      author: CETJournal
       title: CET Volume 86
        date: 2021-06-15
       words: 4124
      flesch: 45
     summary: Food waste production in Europe accounts for about 87.6 million tons annually (Colombo et al. 2017). This study focuses on the application of the circular economy approach, with generation of energy and production of added-value products from organic waste, while minimizing environmental impacts.
    keywords: anaerobic; digestion; fermentation; pha; production; sludge; vfa; waste
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        item: #1305 of 7527
          id: cet-1143
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - CET--006.docx
        date: 2017-07-25
       words: 4216
      flesch: 38
     summary: Analysis on the influencing factors of cracking under deformation 2.1 Practical calculation formula of temperature stress The shrinkage caused by the temperature difference in baseboard, roof and external walls is restrained and produced external stress, which is called temperature stress, and it is the main cause of penetration cracks. Calculation examples of maximum temperature stress The strength grade, composition, construction, maintenance, constraint conditions and others of the concrete materials are different, making the relevant parameters in the temperature stress calculation formula have great discrepancy.
    keywords: baseboard; concrete; cracking; difference; roof; stress; temperature
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        item: #1306 of 7527
          id: cet-11430
      author: CETJournal
       title: CET Volume 86
        date: 2021-06-15
       words: 3918
      flesch: 54
     summary: The sampling of vapor phase heavy metals from hot gasification gas is also rather challenging due to very low concentrations and possibilities for sample contamination. 1. Introduction Air-blown circulating fluidized bed (CFB) gasifiers have been in commercial use producing fuel gas for limekilns and boilers since the mid-1980s (Kurkela, 2002).
    keywords: bed; figure; filter; filtration; gas; gasification; gasifier; kurkela; points; set; waste
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        item: #1307 of 7527
          id: cet-11431
      author: CETJournal
       title: CET Volume 86
        date: 2021-06-15
       words: 3527
      flesch: 48
     summary: Previous works on carbohydrate extraction from microalgae were mainly carried out by using destructive chemical hydrolysis, aiming at the extraction of simple sugars. 3.2 Batch treatment with pulsed and continuous ultrasonication The described cyclic treatment allowed to attain high yields in carbohydrate extraction.
    keywords: biomass; carbohydrates; extraction; figure; min; obliquus; treatment; ultrasonication
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        item: #1308 of 7527
          id: cet-11432
      author: CETJournal
       title: CET Volume 86
        date: 2021-06-15
       words: 4113
      flesch: 48
     summary: Black locust wood extractions had yields of around 4 %, which is quite high, so the lower TPC may be due to the fact that this raw material is not rich in this type of compounds. acid soluble lignin 3.2 Efficiency of extraction methods Regarding the efficiency of the extraction processes, in general no significant differences were found between the use of the conventional extraction (CE) and the use of the ultrasound assisted extraction (UAE), as it is shown in Figure 1.
    keywords: birch; common; compounds; extraction; extracts; iberian; uae; white; wood
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        item: #1309 of 7527
          id: cet-11433
      author: CETJournal
       title: CET Volume 86
        date: 2021-06-15
       words: 4185
      flesch: 49
     summary: However, even if the OMW seem to be, as demonstrated by a large literature on the subject, the most promising effluent quantitatively in terms of phenolic compounds content, qualitatively, also the other two feedstocks are interesting sources of molecules with high biological activity. OMW was the waste with the highest content of total phenolic compounds, ortho-diphenols and flavonoids per mL of sample, while ChW contained the lowest amount among of the three wastewaters considered.
    keywords: acid; activity; antioxidant; compounds; et al; food; omw; wastes
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        item: #1310 of 7527
          id: cet-11434
      author: CETJournal
       title: CET Volume 86
        date: 2021-06-15
       words: 3609
      flesch: 43
     summary: Standard deviation represents average value from at least 3 individual measurements The obtained butanol absorption curve (Figure 3) was further used to calculate a mathematical relation between butanol concentration (3 % – 15 %) and absorption at 520 nm for pure butanol solutions, where y is the absorption and x is butanol concentration (Eq 1). Butanol absorption values for 0.1, 0.25, 0.5, 1 and 2 % solutions varied drastically each time and no mathematical relation for describing this fluctuation could be calculated.
    keywords: abe; absorption; acetone; butanol; ethanol; fermentation; salting; samples
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        item: #1311 of 7527
          id: cet-11435
      author: CETJournal
       title: CET Volume 86
        date: 2021-06-15
       words: 4018
      flesch: 50
     summary: A Geographical Information System based framework to identify optimal location and size of biomass energy plants using single or multiple biomass types. Several researchers faced the problem of biomass plant location from different points of view (D. Chinese and A. Meneghetti, 2005, H. Woo, et al., 2018, S. Ouyang, et al., 2019, L. Jayarathna et al., 2020), by using optimization tools also coupled with Geographical Information Systems (GIS).
    keywords: 1,2; biomass; digestion; energy; plant; points; production; quantity
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        item: #1312 of 7527
          id: cet-11436
      author: CETJournal
       title: CET Volume 86
        date: 2021-06-15
       words: 4628
      flesch: 45
     summary: The influence of these parameters is emphasized in terms of VFA production and variation of lower flammability limit (LFL) of flammable gaseous mixture, produced during the process. The low-level alarm can act as a warning of a potential problem requiring investigation and it should be set as low as practicable, preferably no higher than 10-15% of gaseous mixture LFL.
    keywords: fermentation; fws; level; lfl; mixture; process; production; run; safety; vfa
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        item: #1313 of 7527
          id: cet-11437
      author: CETJournal
       title: CET Volume 86
        date: 2021-06-15
       words: 3280
      flesch: 45
     summary: 3. Cellulose pyrolysis model A particle and a reactor model for describing cellulose pyrolysis are developed based on energy, mass and momentum conservation of solid and gaseous species. However, pyrolysis products, specifically tar (bio-oil), contain many platforms chemicals which cannot be visualized with lumped models.
    keywords: biomass; cellulose; energy; heating; model; particle; phase; pyrolysis
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        item: #1314 of 7527
          id: cet-11438
      author: CETJournal
       title: CET Volume 86
        date: 2021-06-15
       words: 4275
      flesch: 52
     summary: The first peak can be attributed (Jakab et al., 1997) to the formation of methane and carbon monoxide during devolatilization, which here corresponds with the overshoot in the temperature curve shown in Figure 5, the second is from the char formation process at higher temperatures. As previously mentioned, experiment 1 was carried out without purge gas.
    keywords: bed; gas; heating; heating rate; min; rate; reactor; temperature
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        item: #1315 of 7527
          id: cet-11439
      author: sauro
       title: Microsoft Word - 200Bugge.docx
        date: 2021-12-05
       words: 3245
      flesch: 48
     summary: Fluid temperature in center of fuel bed at different elevations 76 3.2 Effect of particle size Variations in particle size do not affect the fluid temperature at the fuel bed edge (Figure 5), this is because the temperature of the fluid at the basket wall is controlled by the heat flux from the reactor wall, through the gap between the reactor wall and basket, and then through the basket wall. Fluid temperature at fuel bed edge at different particle diameters (Dp) Figure 6 Fluid temperature in fuel bed center at different particle diameters (Dp) Figure 7 Fluid temperature in fuel bed center at different elevations for different particle diameters (Dp).
    keywords: bed; fuel; gas; model; particles; temperature; wood
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        item: #1316 of 7527
          id: cet-1144
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - CET--006.docx
        date: 2017-07-25
       words: 3025
      flesch: 57
     summary: Interaction noted in Figure4 through Figure 7, such as ‘unknown interaction’ etc., is applied only when imprecise probabilities is considered when using imprecise probability later. Fault tree analysis based on imprecise probability A fault tree analysis is a deductive analytical technique.
    keywords: analysis; event; fault; occurrence; probability; risk; tree
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        item: #1317 of 7527
          id: cet-11440
      author: CETJournal
       title: CET Volume 86
        date: 2021-06-15
       words: 3994
      flesch: 46
     summary: The analysis of solid carbon pyrolysis residues obtained at a pyrolysis temperature of 600 ºC was carried out using the methods of elemental analysis (CHNO) and low-temperature nitrogen adsorption (see earlier). The composition of samples of liquid pyrolysis products was determined by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry.
    keywords: carbon; cellulose; flax; flax shive; liquid; products; pyrolysis; residue; samples; shive; temperature
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        item: #1318 of 7527
          id: cet-11441
      author: CETJournal
       title: CET Volume 86
        date: 2021-06-15
       words: 3183
      flesch: 49
     summary: Catalysis Today, 356, 376–383. de Caprariis B., Bracciale M.P., Bavasso I., Chen G., Damizia M., Genova V., Marra F., Paglia L., Pulci G., Scarsella M., Tai L., De Filippis P., 2020, Unsupported Ni metal catalyst in hydrothermal liquefaction of oak wood: Effect of catalyst surface modification. HDO and HDA efficiencies of Ni powder catalyst are 25.9% and 33.4% respectively.
    keywords: al2o3; catalyst; conversion; guaiacol; hdo; hydrodeoxygenation; hydrogen; metal; powder; reaction
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        item: #1319 of 7527
          id: cet-11442
      author: CETJournal
       title: CET Volume 86
        date: 2021-06-15
       words: 3430
      flesch: 52
     summary: Generally, high reaction times generate a low hydrochar yield and vice versa. Higher reaction time and temperature determined a considerable increase of ash and carbon contents of hydrochar.
    keywords: digestate; htc; hydrochar; mixture; process; reaction; reactor; temperature; tests; time
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        item: #1320 of 7527
          id: cet-11443
      author: CETJournal
       title: CET Volume 86
        date: 2021-06-15
       words: 3891
      flesch: 53
     summary: In order to optimize bio-waste management in the region of Lafões (Portugal), comprising a large production of forestry and poultry production residues, complementarities were explored between the two bio-waste streams with respect to biogas production and energy recovery. Table 5: Biogas production (BP), and average biogas production capacity (BPC) per unit VS of CM.
    keywords: biogas; biomass; class; energy; forest; manure; potential; poultry; production
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        item: #1321 of 7527
          id: cet-11444
      author: CETJournal
       title: CET Volume 86
        date: 2021-06-15
       words: 4469
      flesch: 37
     summary: In addition, the peak value of the CO yield with the 45 % mass fraction of pre-treated wheat straw pellets correlates with the minimum value of the weight loss rate, which suggests the enhanced endothermic decomposition of cellulose. - Figure 2: Effect of the increasing irradiation time for wheat straw pellets on the weight loss during the thermal decomposition of the 25 % straw (MW)*+wood mixture (a) and on the yield of CO (b) The increased heating value and reactivity of wheat straw pellets are responsible for the enhanced thermal decomposition of the mixtures of MW pre-treated wheat straw pellets with raw pellets of straw, wood, or peat, which increases the peak and average values of the yield of volatiles.
    keywords: decomposition; mixture; pre; straw pellets; treatment; wheat straw; yield
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        item: #1322 of 7527
          id: cet-11445
      author: CETJournal
       title: CET Volume 86
        date: 2021-06-15
       words: 3512
      flesch: 39
     summary: At the torrefaction temperature up to 275 °C, a similar carbonization degree (similar H/C and O/C ratio) of wood and wheat straw biomass was observed; as a result, similar HHV values (on the dry ash-free basis) of torrefied wood and wheat straw were established (Figure 2 b). • The structure and composition of biomass samples are responsible for dielectric losses, which decrease the specific electricity consumption needed for biomass pellets torrefaction in the row: peat>wood >wheat straw.
    keywords: biomass; energy; peat; straw; temperature; torrefaction; wheat; wood
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        item: #1323 of 7527
          id: cet-11446
      author: CETJournal
       title: CET Volume 86
        date: 2021-06-15
       words: 4005
      flesch: 52
     summary: Thus, a too high content of PW-2 in the medium beside producing the increase of lipid content can inhibit biomass growth thus resulting in a reduction of the lipid productivity. To further test our hypothesis that PO can grow in PW and nutrient supplementation of PW enhances algal cell growth, PO was cultivated in PW-2 supplemented with growth nutrients by mixing it with AW at the ratios of 1:1, 1:2, and 1:5 by volume (Table 1).
    keywords: algae; biomass; chemical; content; growth; lipid; pw-2; wastewater; water
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        item: #1324 of 7527
          id: cet-11447
      author: CETJournal
       title: CET Volume 86
        date: 2021-06-15
       words: 4314
      flesch: 49
     summary: This aspect could be overcame by using suitable mathematical models that are capable to quantitatively describe the effects of crucial operating parameters such as light intensity, pH, mass transfer conditions and growth medium composition. 2.5 Lipid extraction and fatty acid methyl esters analysis Cell disruption was performed through Fenton reaction, and the subsequent neutral lipid extraction was performed directly on disrupted wet biomass through ethanol and hexane according to a method described elsewhere (Concas et al., 2019).
    keywords: biomass; concas; growth; lcm; model
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        item: #1325 of 7527
          id: cet-11448
      author: CETJournal
       title: CET Volume 86
        date: 2021-06-15
       words: 3703
      flesch: 40
     summary: In Table 1 macromolecular composition of hemp biomass before and after the pretreatments, in terms of percentage of glucans, xylans and Klason lignin, was reported. Alkali pretreatment prevents unwanted sugar degradation by neutralizing released acids during the decomposition of cellulose and hemicellulose (Gunnarsson et al., 2015) with the obtainment of high glucan and xylan recoveries without any inhibitors formation during pretreatment of hemp biomass.
    keywords: biomass; glucose; hemp; hydrolysis; pretreatment; production; sativa; xylose
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        item: #1326 of 7527
          id: cet-11449
      author: CETJournal
       title: CET Volume 86
        date: 2021-06-15
       words: 2889
      flesch: 55
     summary: Recently, SCWG has been also applied to not-wet organic matters, such as light gas oil and heavy gas oil obtained through distillation of oil sands (Rana et al., 2020) and for the valorisation of waste cooking oils (Nanda et al., 2019). A 5 % wt slurry was gasified at 660 °C and 25 MPa with a residence time of 128 s. Table 6: Process' yields for rapeseed oil gasification at 660°C, 25 MPa and τ=128 s. 5 % wt GE %
    keywords: gasification; oil; process; scwg; waste
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        item: #1327 of 7527
          id: cet-1145
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - CET--006.docx
        date: 2017-07-25
       words: 3096
      flesch: 50
     summary: We should grasp the weather forecast information, as far as possible to avoid rain, snow weather construction, construction site, such as plastic film cover, in case of concrete before the final coagulation by rain erosion, the Quality assurance measures of high strength concrete is shown in Figure 2. 472 The Separation of concrete with different strength grades Measures for preventing the expansion of vertical members Vibration of high strength concrete Maintenance of high strength concrete Quality assurance measures of high strength concrete the high strength concrete pouring simulation tes t grasp the weather forecast information Vibration of high strength concrete Practice analysis Resault Figure 2: The Quality assurance measures of high strength concrete 5. Three layer above has two fixed pump while pouring, pour C80, C60 pouring concrete, concrete pouring in from middle to both ends of beam slab to column (wall), plate core zone for tower crane lifting non pumping high strength concrete with the same level, prevent the inflow of low strength concrete beam slab high strength concrete area.
    keywords: concrete; construction; engineering; pouring; shrinkage; strength; strength concrete; temperature; water
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        item: #1328 of 7527
          id: cet-11451
      author: CETJournal
       title: CET Volume 86
        date: 2021-06-15
       words: 3377
      flesch: 53
     summary: The influence of Ni amount on LaFeO3 surface, in terms of photocatalytic hydrogen production, is shown in Figure 4. Figure 4: Photocatalytic hydrogen production for LaFeO3, 0.18Ni/LaFeO3 and 0.25Ni/LaFeO3 during UV irradiation time.
    keywords: glucose; hydrogen; hydrogen production; lafeo3; photocatalytic; production; solution
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        item: #1329 of 7527
          id: cet-11452
      author: CETJournal
       title: CET Volume 86
        date: 2021-06-15
       words: 3374
      flesch: 44
     summary: Results and Discussion 3.1 Effect of Solvent on methyl ester production The molar ratio of methanol is one of the utmost factors for the conversion of methyl ester. 3.2 Effect of Catalyst on methyl ester production The accomplishment of the reaction transformation is dependent on the concentration of the catalyst (KOH).
    keywords: biodiesel; catalyst; conversion; ester; methanol; methyl; oil; reaction; reactor; wt.%
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        item: #1330 of 7527
          id: cet-11453
      author: CETJournal
       title: CET Volume 86
        date: 2021-06-15
       words: 3790
      flesch: 49
     summary: (2009) ECF Chlorella vulgaris 1.3 to 9.5 kWh kg -1 Vandamme et al. (2011) ECF Phaeodactylum tricornutum 0.2 to 0.4 kWh kg-1 Vandamme et al. (2011) FIL pressure filters N/A 0.88 kWh m-3 Danquah et al. (2009) More detailed articles about the topic are, for example, those by Barros et al.
    keywords: biomass; chlorella; energy; et al; flotation; fouling; harvesting; kwh; microalgae; separation; vulgaris
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        item: #1331 of 7527
          id: cet-11454
      author: CETJournal
       title: CET Volume 86
        date: 2021-06-15
       words: 3476
      flesch: 49
     summary: Table 1: Development indexes of B. napus L. plants subjected to electromagnetic fields. In this regard, this research characterized the effect of induced electromagnetic fields on the production and composition of the biomass of plants of Brassica napus L.; It is noteworthy that electromagnetic fields are generated from moving electrical charges, and the Tesla is the magnetic induction unit (or magnetic flux density) defined by the International System of Units (SI).
    keywords: area; biomass; day; development; fields; growth; leaf; plants; seeds
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        item: #1332 of 7527
          id: cet-11455
      author: CETJournal
       title: CET Volume 86
        date: 2021-06-15
       words: 3901
      flesch: 39
     summary: The influence of cultivation conditions on the productivity of strains of Chlorella vulgaris Beijer IPPAS C-1 (Chlorella sorokiniana), Chlorella vulgaris Beijer IPPAS C-2, Chlorella kessleri Fott et Nov C-9 (Parachlorella kessleri), Scotiellopsis Vinatzer IPPAS C-35, Chlorella vulgaris Beijer IPPAS C-38 has been studied experimentally. The highest absolute content of BCAAs was observed in a suspension of Chlorella vulgaris Beijer IPPAS C-1 (Chlorella sorokiniana) cultivated in autotrophic and mixotrophic conditions, and was 559.7 µg/L and 237.0 µg/L, respectively (Table 3).
    keywords: beijer; chlorella; chlorella vulgaris; conditions; cultivation; ippas; microalgae; mixotrophic; protein; vulgaris
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        item: #1333 of 7527
          id: cet-11456
      author: CETJournal
       title: CET Volume 86
        date: 2021-06-15
       words: 3478
      flesch: 52
     summary: The present work intends to fill this gap by estimating solvent's evaporation operating costs and unfolding how its properties impact HMF production cost. 3. Results The operating cost related to solvent evaporation’s utilities (steam, cooling water, and electricity) is the second leading contributor to final HMF production cost (Torres et al., 2010).
    keywords: butanol; cost; evaporation; extraction; hmf; production; solvent
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        item: #1334 of 7527
          id: cet-11457
      author: CETJournal
       title: CET Volume 86
        date: 2021-06-15
       words: 2895
      flesch: 62
     summary: Several species of bacteria have demonstrated significant Pb(II) biosorption, including Bacillus firmus (Salehizadeh and Shojaosadati, 2003), Micrococcus luteus (Puyen et al., 2012), Pseudomonas putida (Uslu and Tanyol, 2006), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (Chang et al., 1997), and Streptomyces rimosus (Selatnia et al., 2004). Batch reactors were purged with nitrogen for 3 min to ensure anaerobic conditions (Peens et al., 2018) and left to grow in a shaker-incubator for 24 h, 35 °C and 120 rpm.
    keywords: bacteria; consortium; l-1; lead; pb(ii; removal
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        item: #1335 of 7527
          id: cet-11458
      author: CETJournal
       title: CET Volume 86
        date: 2021-06-15
       words: 2660
      flesch: 35
     summary: An increase of ~10-11% in carbon efficiency is achieved when biomass pyrolysis and char gasification are combined due to the utilisation of gases from bio-oil to olefins process. 2. Methods Two different process layouts were considered, based on biomass gasification, or combined biomass pyrolysis- char gasification process, coupled to syngas and/or biooil-to-olefins conversion followed by the MOGD process.
    keywords: biomass; carbon; char; diesel; gasification; gasoline; olefins; process; pyrolysis; syngas
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        item: #1336 of 7527
          id: cet-11459
      author: CETJournal
       title: CET Volume 86
        date: 2021-06-15
       words: 3478
      flesch: 54
     summary: Selenite was added as Na2SeO3 (Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO) and different selenite concentrations (0.5, 2, and 10 mM) were added at the start of each experimental run. Firstly, less glucose might have been utilised in the reduction of higher selenite concentrations because of the reduced number of viable bacterial cells.
    keywords: concentrations; glucose; reduction; se0; selenite; selenium; senps; seo3
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        item: #1337 of 7527
          id: cet-1146
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - CET--006.docx
        date: 2017-07-25
       words: 2456
      flesch: 43
     summary: 3.2 Comparison of compressive strength The impacts of activated carbon fly ash cement compressive strength shown in Figure 2. In the compressive strength reaches the maximum density of cement-based composite material of Figure 1 although the ratio is not added activated carbon fly ash cement is even higher, but is slightly lower than that of ordinary Portland cement, which is mainly due to the activated carbon can making the material denser structure, but it does not continue to form the oxidation reaction product of such an impact strength such as C- 0 1 2 3 4 14 16 18 20 22 24 （ ） C om pr es si ve s tr en gh t M P a （ ）activated carbon % 7days 14days 28days 天7 天14 天28 0 20 40 60 80 100 daysdaysdays （ ） R el at iv e st re ng th to P C % （
    keywords: ash; ash cement; carbon; cement; compressive; fly; mortar; strength
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        item: #1338 of 7527
          id: cet-11460
      author: CETJournal
       title: CET Volume 86
        date: 2021-06-15
       words: 3254
      flesch: 47
     summary: Nguyen and Kakinaka (2019) suggested that renewable energy consumption in low-income countries is positively associated with GHG reduction and negatively associated with economic; however, opposite relationships for high-income countries. Nguyen K. H., Kakinaka M., 2019, Renewable energy consumption, carbon emissions, and development stages: Some evidence from panel cointegration analysis, Renewable Energy, 132, 1049-1057.
    keywords: consumption; cost; demand; eco; emissions; energy; eur; share; water
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        item: #1339 of 7527
          id: cet-11461
      author: CETJournal
       title: CET Volume 86
        date: 2021-06-15
       words: 3171
      flesch: 43
     summary: In 2016 186 20 3.2 RES conversion outputs If for solar energy the choice of the PV system is independent from the irradiation level, for wave energy the feasibility of a WECs installation is strongly dependent on typical wave climate (Rusu, 2014). For what concerns the conversion of wave energy into electricity, offshore floating Wave Energy Converters (WECs) were found to be a feasible solution, because of (i) the very deep seabed and (ii) the visual impact of the devices in a touristic island.
    keywords: desalination; energy; power; res; solar; system; tenerife; water; wave
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        item: #1340 of 7527
          id: cet-11462
      author: CETJournal
       title: CET Volume 86
        date: 2021-06-15
       words: 2674
      flesch: 51
     summary: Most healthcare facilities do not have sufficient fuel supplies to supply healthcare facilities during a blackout. Therefore, several clients are dependent on electricity availability in healthcare facilities; however, there are situations as a blackout.
    keywords: blackout; electricity; facilities; fuel; healthcare; healthcare facilities; power; supply
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        item: #1341 of 7527
          id: cet-11463
      author: CETJournal
       title: CET Volume 86
        date: 2021-06-15
       words: 2772
      flesch: 53
     summary: Table 5: Risk distances after the breakage of a pipe leaving the extractor (Category of atmospheric stability: D) Weather condition Risk distance (m) Damage following an accident would involve people and equipment items, therefore, it is necessary to identify technical solutions (specific construction elements or materials) capable of reducing the damage, and risk analysis has this objective (Bortone et al., 2015).
    keywords: breakage; category; co2; extractor; pipe; ppm; risk; weather
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        item: #1342 of 7527
          id: cet-11464
      author: CETJournal
       title: CET Volume 86
        date: 2021-06-15
       words: 4535
      flesch: 52
     summary: Liquid hydrogen releases: experiments and numerical simulations In the past, different types of hydrogen releases were studied, either in gaseous or liquid phase, outdoor or in enclosure. Schmidt D., Krause U., Schmidtchen U., 1999, Numerical simulation of hydrogen gas releases between buildings, International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 24, 479–488.
    keywords: analysis; cfd; cloud; dispersion; energy; gas; hydrogen; lh2; liquid; refuelling; release; station
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        item: #1343 of 7527
          id: cet-11465
      author: CETJournal
       title: CET Volume 86
        date: 2021-06-15
       words: 3623
      flesch: 50
     summary: SI is expected to generate usable and actionable safety recommendations gained through safety data and information processing. This paper aims are to provide an understanding of MHIDAS data through quantitative analyses that can be obtained by exploiting the information collected through appropriate data management tools.
    keywords: analysis; business; data; database; incident; information; management; mhidas; model; safety
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        item: #1344 of 7527
          id: cet-11466
      author: CETJournal
       title: CET Volume 86
        date: 2021-06-15
       words: 3618
      flesch: 57
     summary: Recently, Ricci and co-workers (2021) have developed a methodology aimed at filling this gap providing a physically sound approach for the evaluation of safety distances for industrial tanks at the WII is presented. These items are typically storage tanks involving large amounts of hazardous substances.
    keywords: atmospheric; case; distances; failure; flame; safety; study; tanks; time; wildfire
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        item: #1345 of 7527
          id: cet-11467
      author: CETJournal
       title: CET Volume 86
        date: 2021-06-15
       words: 2890
      flesch: 45
     summary: Keywords: fire risk analysis, index method, chemical industry 1. It is a fast tool that allows to identify the most hazardous units in chemical process plants, underline the criticalities associated with different substances, processes, and operations, evaluate the effectiveness of the protection measures in place, compare the risk level attributed to different chemical processes, define the adequate additional measures to reduce the risk to an acceptable level.
    keywords: chemical; fire; index; method; process; risk; sw&hi; units
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        item: #1346 of 7527
          id: cet-11468
      author: CETJournal
       title: CET Volume 86
        date: 2021-06-15
       words: 3403
      flesch: 50
     summary: raniero.trinchieri@enea.it This work deals with the risk related to the flammability and toxicity of low Global Warming Potential (GWP) refrigerants used in heat pumps for residential applications. Currently, heat pumps use HFC (Hydrofluorocarbon) refrigerants, with a significant environmental impact in terms of Total Equivalent Warming Impact.
    keywords: compressor; fluids; heat; pumps; refrigerants; temperature
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        item: #1347 of 7527
          id: cet-11469
      author: CETJournal
       title: CET Volume 86
        date: 2021-06-15
       words: 2764
      flesch: 53
     summary: Table 5: Risk distances after the rupture of the extractor (Category of atmospheric stability: D) Weather condition Risk distance (m) The value of CO2 concentration entered as dangerous for the human health was 1,000 ppm.
    keywords: category; co2; extraction; plant; ppm; risk; rupture
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        item: #1348 of 7527
          id: cet-1147
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - CET--006.docx
        date: 2017-07-25
       words: 4033
      flesch: 60
     summary: In the experiment, four kinds of GFRP anchors and two kinds of steel anchors were installed in the mass concrete block and the field rock block. In the field test, two kinds of anchorage length were 150mm and 450mm, respectively, including GFRP anchor and steel strand bolt.
    keywords: anchor; bolt; bond; fibre; gfrp; length; steel; strength
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        item: #1349 of 7527
          id: cet-11470
      author: CETJournal
       title: CET Volume 86
        date: 2021-06-15
       words: 3719
      flesch: 47
     summary: The type I distribution (Gumbel distribution) is used if the field of the parent distribution is unlimited at the top and the right tail of the relative density exponentially decays. In another work, Valor et al. (2007b) reviewed 48 datasets of experimental measurements and verified that Gumbel distribution was definitely the most suitable distribution to represent the corrosion depths.
    keywords: corrosion; distribution; maximum; perforation; probability; risk; storage; tanks; thickness; type; value
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        item: #1350 of 7527
          id: cet-11471
      author: CETJournal
       title: CET Volume 86
        date: 2021-06-15
       words: 3945
      flesch: 54
     summary: A publication of The Italian Association of Chemical Engineering Online at www.cetjournal.it Guest Editors: Sauro Pierucci, Jiří Jaromír Klemeš Copyright © 2021, AIDIC Servizi S.r.l. ISBN 978-88-95608-84-6; ISSN 2283-9216 Dynamic Risk Analysis from the Perspective of Life Cycle Approach in IEC 61508 and IEC 61511 Shenae Leea,* Mary Ann Lundteigenb, Nicola Paltrinieria a Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway b Department of Engineering Cybernetics, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway shenae.lee@ntnu.no Dynamic risk analysis (DRA) aims to provide updated risk levels during operations of a hazardous facility. An example of DRA method is the Risk Barometer approach (RB), aimed at real-time monitoring of risk level during the day-to-day operation of an 265 offshore installation.
    keywords: analysis; barrier; dra; iec; level; performance; risk; safety; sis
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        item: #1351 of 7527
          id: cet-11472
      author: CETJournal
       title: CET Volume 86
        date: 2021-06-15
       words: 3581
      flesch: 48
     summary: Historically, healthcare risk management has focused primarily on two areas: patient safety and loss prevention. The article focuses on summarizing the results of research in the field of risk management in health care facilities in the Czech Republic.
    keywords: czech; facilities; healthcare; management; quality; republic; research; risk; risk management; safety
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        item: #1352 of 7527
          id: cet-11473
      author: CETJournal
       title: CET Volume 86
        date: 2021-06-15
       words: 3170
      flesch: 45
     summary: Table 2: Total suspended solids (TSS) in cavitation treatment. Table 3: Biochemical oxygen demand (BOD5) and Chemical oxygen demand (COD) in cavitation treatment.
    keywords: average; cavitation; chemical; decrease; min; minutes; textile; treatment; vol; wastewater
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        item: #1353 of 7527
          id: cet-11474
      author: CETJournal
       title: CET Volume 86
        date: 2021-06-15
       words: 3492
      flesch: 54
     summary: Please cite this article as: Adedeji J., Chetty M., 2021, Kinetics Analysis for Anaerobic Co-digestion of Sewage Sludge and Industrial Wastewater, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 86, 283-288 DOI:10.3303/CET2186048 CHEMICAL ENGINEERING TRANSACTIONS VOL. One of such alternative sources is industrial wastewater which have shown to have high concentration of nutrients in the form of organic contents which can be converted by micro- organisms into energy, usually known as biogas, comprising majorly of CH4, CO2 and H2.
    keywords: anaerobic; biogas; digestion; industrial; inoculum; isr; production; wastewater
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        item: #1354 of 7527
          id: cet-11475
      author: CETJournal
       title: CET Volume 86
        date: 2021-06-15
       words: 3614
      flesch: 56
     summary: Determinación de la concentración de metales en Cyprinus carpio, Linnaeus 1758 (carpa común) de las lagunas de Metztitlán, Hidalgo México. Producción de biochar a partir de material bioestabilizado.
    keywords: biochar; bogotá; chromium; europaeus; percentage; pyrolysis; removal; sample; ulex; water
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        item: #1355 of 7527
          id: cet-11476
      author: CETJournal
       title: CET Volume 86
        date: 2021-06-15
       words: 2802
      flesch: 51
     summary: The calculation method is based on the theories of models proposed by official publications (ISPRA, EPA, etc.), providing a solution that gives satisfactory result when compared to other models, and is included in S.T.A.R. Figure 2: Results comparison with other models (4 examples) 5.
    keywords: concentration; data; dispersion; model; results; river; substance; water
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        item: #1356 of 7527
          id: cet-11477
      author: CETJournal
       title: CET Volume 86
        date: 2021-06-15
       words: 3443
      flesch: 45
     summary: Grape pomace sample characterization and thermal behavior Laser diffraction granulometry was used to characterize the granulometric distribution of grape pomace dust. Figure 1: Grape pomace dust (PSD) (left) and Grape pomace dust optical microscope image (right) Figure 1, right, represents the grape pomace dust seen at the optical microscope.
    keywords: analysis; biomass; dust; explosion; grape; lignin; pomace; sample; temperature; waste
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        item: #1357 of 7527
          id: cet-11478
      author: CETJournal
       title: CET Volume 86
        date: 2021-06-15
       words: 3397
      flesch: 38
     summary: Owing to recent advances in sensor technologies and computational power, tomographic sensors have shown great potential to be used in crystallization processes. Given that measurement techniques based on ultrasonic wave propagation have a potential for non- invasive and non-intrusive operation, it can be utilized for online monitoring of crystallization processes (Koulountzios et al., 2019).
    keywords: calcium; control; controller; crystallization; mixing; monitoring; particle; process; solution; speed; tomography
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        item: #1358 of 7527
          id: cet-11479
      author: CETJournal
       title: CET Volume 86
        date: 2021-06-15
       words: 3903
      flesch: 54
     summary: In the PSA unit, the oxygen is separated from pressurized air; the 313 energy needed for air compression is the largest cost item. Table 1: Air compression – single- and dual compression Description Unit
    keywords: air; compression; drying; oxygen; power; pressure; psa; temperature; waste
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        item: #1359 of 7527
          id: cet-1148
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - CET--006.docx
        date: 2017-07-25
       words: 4200
      flesch: 52
     summary: 2. Overview Fiber Reinforced Polymer (FRP) products are composite materials consisting of reinforcing fibers embedded in a polymer resin matrix. Hybrid fiber reinforced high performance concrete model and algorithm
    keywords: bridge; carbon; deck; fibers; frp; glass; hybrid; load; pre; slabs
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        item: #1360 of 7527
          id: cet-11480
      author: CETJournal
       title: CET Volume 86
        date: 2021-06-15
       words: 3645
      flesch: 45
     summary: Geographically, the Gulf of Guinea (Africa) and the Strait of Malacca (Asia) resulted the most affected areas by security attacks due to the strategic location for international maritime shipping routes and the presence of a high number of offshore Oil&Gas operations. Although historical evidence of major events triggered by security attacks to offshore Oil&Gas installations was recorded, the majority of final scenarios resulted in non- industrial impacts (labelled as “other”, such as theft of personal belongings of workers, documents, equipment, kidnapped workers for ransom, protests).
    keywords: analysis; attack; database; figure; incidents; oil&gas; operations; sector; security; threat
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        item: #1361 of 7527
          id: cet-11481
      author: CETJournal
       title: CET Volume 86
        date: 2021-06-15
       words: 3258
      flesch: 49
     summary: The revamping to AG2STM, even though extremely promising because of the significant number of existing plants potentially being involved and because of the achievable reduction in CO2 emissions, currently appears to be not economically sustainable (the OPEX have resulted higher than the revenues, thus DNPV<0 and no PBT). Friedlingstein P., Andrew R. M., Rogelj J., Peters G. P., Canadell J. G., Knutti R., Luderer G., Raupach M. R., Schaeffer M., Van Vuuren D. P., Le Quéré C., 2014, Persistent growth of CO2 emissions and implications for reaching climate targets.
    keywords: ag2stm; carbon; claus; co2; h2s; process; production; syngas; technology
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        item: #1362 of 7527
          id: cet-11482
      author: CETJournal
       title: CET Volume 86
        date: 2021-06-15
       words: 3198
      flesch: 46
     summary: This implies that the rate of AMX adsorption onto graphene-OH was affected mainly by the availability of active adsorption sites on the adsorbent rather than the concentration of the AMX in the solution (Moussavi et al., 2013). The equilibrium data for AMX adsorption was fitted with both the Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms (Figure 3b), and non-linear regression analysis determines the calculated parameters (Table 2).
    keywords: adsorbent; adsorption; amoxicillin; amx; graphene; removal
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        item: #1363 of 7527
          id: cet-11483
      author: CETJournal
       title: CET Volume 86
        date: 2021-06-15
       words: 3730
      flesch: 50
     summary: A risk assessment for dust explosions must follow the guidelines proposed by dedicated standards: Directive 2014/34/EU and Directive 94/9/EC are the main standards used in Europe (often referred to as ATEX directive); while, in the U.S.A., the NFPA standards such as the NFPA 654 (“Standard for the Prevention of Fire and Dust Explosions from the Manufacturing, Processing, and Handling of Combustible Particulate Solids”) are recommended. From the analysis concerning accidents involving explosive dusts in the U.S.A., the trend over the period 2016-2019 have shown that 30 dust explosions per year occur (“Combustible Dust Incident Reporting) almost constantly.
    keywords: analysis; atex; dust; method; node; plant; stearate; table; zones
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        item: #1364 of 7527
          id: cet-11485
      author: CETJournal
       title: CET Volume 86
        date: 2021-06-15
       words: 3224
      flesch: 51
     summary: References Abdi, J., Vossoughi, M., Mahmoodi, N.M., Alemzadeh, I., 2017, Synthesis of metal-organic framework hybrid nanocomposites based on GO and CNT with high adsorption capacity for dye removal. An unexpected super adsorbent for dye removal.
    keywords: adsorbent; adsorption; carbon; cnt; dye; dyes; removal; water
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        item: #1365 of 7527
          id: cet-11486
      author: CETJournal
       title: CET Volume 86
        date: 2021-06-15
       words: 3192
      flesch: 50
     summary: This study investigated enhancing the potential of low carbon wastewaters with flue gas and mapping the interaction between the organic carbon present in the wastewater and the carbon dioxide introduced with the flue gas, with the aim of achieving optimal biomass, fatty acid methyl esters (FAME) and EPS yields. The ~13 % CO2 synthetic flue gas was diluted to different values for comparison as shown in Table 1.
    keywords: carbon; co2; experiments; flue; gas; growth; organics; wastewater
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        item: #1366 of 7527
          id: cet-11487
      author: CETJournal
       title: CET Volume 86
        date: 2021-06-15
       words: 4588
      flesch: 45
     summary: i. Availability: Comparatively to quality management where conformity to standards can be assessed using hundreds if not thousands of products, process safety managers deal with an extremely reduced set of events. This vision has since then been widely shared in a large set of professional guidelines (EPSC, 2011) (CEFIC, 2011) and a safety science special issue on process safety leading and lagging indicators has extensively discussed the safety measurement issue without questioning this assertion (safety science special issue 47 (4), 2009).
    keywords: capabilities; data; decision; key; management; managers; objectives; organizations; process; safety
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        item: #1367 of 7527
          id: cet-11488
      author: CETJournal
       title: CET Volume 86
        date: 2021-06-15
       words: 3258
      flesch: 53
     summary: This work has to be regarded as a preliminary approach to the investigation of dust cloud dynamics within the Hartman tube through high-speed video post-processing and, with further verification tests (different operative conditions and/or type of dust), could constitute a relatively quick procedure to study turbulence structures and the adequate time scale to operate the MIE test. It is evident that the second contains a greater quantity of information: in particular, the areas where there are variations in brightness (therefore in dust concentration) are highlighted.
    keywords: cloud; concentration; dust; image; luminance; speed; time; tube; video
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        item: #1368 of 7527
          id: cet-11489
      author: CETJournal
       title: CET Volume 86
        date: 2021-06-15
       words: 2908
      flesch: 29
     summary: Table 2: Reductive and oxidative bioelectrochemical dechlorination reaction their relative coulombic efficiencies during the oxidative reactor operation Period Reductive + Oxidative Oxidative OPEN CIRCUIT RD rate (µeq/Ld) 4.4 ± 1.8 - - OD rate (µmol/Ld) 7.7 ± 1.9 5.2 ± 1.4 - CE RD (%) 0.06 ± 0.01 - - CE OD Reductive and oxidative bioelectrochemical reactions, including anions reduction were determined and their relative contribution to the overall flowing current has been quantified in terms of oxidative and reductive coulombic efficiencies.
    keywords: cisdce; rate; reactor; removal
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        item: #1369 of 7527
          id: cet-1149
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - CET--006.docx
        date: 2017-07-25
       words: 3942
      flesch: 42
     summary: 59, 2017 A publication of The Italian Association of Chemical Engineering Online at www.aidic.it/cet Guest Editors: Zhuo Yang, Junjie Ba, Jing Pan Copyright © 2017, AIDIC Servizi S.r.l. ISBN 978-88-95608- 49-5; ISSN 2283-9216 Research on Lateral Dynamic Response of Pile Foundation in Liquefiable Soil based on Non-liner Pseudo Static Analysis Method Liangliang Bao Yulin University, Yulin, Yulin 719000, China LiangliangBao@126.com In this paper, the author discussed the lateral dynamic response of pile foundation in liquefiable soil based on non-liner pseudo static analysis. The bending moment of pile in liquefied soil layer is greater than DOI: 10.3303/CET1759083 Please cite this article as: Liangliang Bao, 2017, Research on lateral dynamic response of pile foundation in liquefiable soil based on non-liner pseudo static analysis method, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 59, 493-498 DOI:10.3303/CET1759083 493 that near soil surface as the pore water pressure reaches to 0.8.
    keywords: acceleration; layer; liquefaction; model; pile; pore; response; shaking; soil
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        item: #1370 of 7527
          id: cet-11490
      author: CETJournal
       title: CET Volume 86
        date: 2021-06-15
       words: 3628
      flesch: 37
     summary: As a result, oil spills are represented as black spots, while the brighter regions are usually related with unspoiled polluted sea areas. Machine Learning techniques are the most appropriate choice to classify oil spills and look-alikes.
    keywords: detection; features; images; mean; object; oil; oil spill; remote; sar; spill; value
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        item: #1371 of 7527
          id: cet-11491
      author: CETJournal
       title: CET Volume 86
        date: 2021-06-15
       words: 3443
      flesch: 50
     summary: Furthermore, LNG pool fires were simulated using the fire dynamic simulator (FDS) to estimate the radiation heat flux received by the process equipment installed inside the FPR and to assess the possibility of experiencing accident escalation on board. From this it can be concluded that in case of a late activation of the ESD system, LNG pool fires occurring inside the FPR might give rise to dangerous situations for the safety of both passengers and ship structures due to consequence severity.
    keywords: case; exhaust; fire; fpr; fuel; gas; lng; model; pool; system; ventilation
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        item: #1372 of 7527
          id: cet-11492
      author: CETJournal
       title: CET Volume 86
        date: 2021-06-15
       words: 2933
      flesch: 41
     summary: Differently, Inverse Distance Weighting (IDW) calculates missing concentration data based on the weighted sum of the neighbouring observations considering the inverse of the distance. In order to estimate missing concentration data, each cell, where measured data is available, can be considered that pollution data in neighboring cells are interdependent and that the interdependence decreases with the distance but is stronger in the wind direction 392 as it may happen if each point is considered as a pollutant emission source.
    keywords: air; concentration; data; model; sofia; values; wind
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        item: #1373 of 7527
          id: cet-11493
      author: CETJournal
       title: CET Volume 86
        date: 2021-06-15
       words: 3978
      flesch: 52
     summary: Figure 4: Experimental and modelling results of NOx removal efficiency as a function of the operating dosage Figure 4 shows that the NOx removal efficiency increased with the operating dosage in the scrubbing solution. Figure 4 also shows that NOx removal efficiency can be adequately described by a power law function in the tested range of NaClO2 dosages and, within certain validity limits, could allow to predict the performance of the process for higher operating dosages.
    keywords: flagiello; gas; liquid; naclo2; nox; removal; scrubbing; water
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        item: #1374 of 7527
          id: cet-11494
      author: CETJournal
       title: CET Volume 86
        date: 2021-06-15
       words: 3712
      flesch: 52
     summary: Four issues were examined, namely: the amount of expenditure on the risk management process, the number of people involved in the risk management process, how many people involved in the risk management process are external and the last issue examined was the number and choice of risk management methods. It is important to focus more on logistics projects implemented by logistics companies because by understanding the characteristics of a logistics project, we can separate the logistics project from other projects.
    keywords: companies; company; logistics; management; process; risk; risk management; size
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        item: #1375 of 7527
          id: cet-11495
      author: CETJournal
       title: CET Volume 86
        date: 2021-06-15
       words: 2604
      flesch: 54
     summary: Higher steam flow rates are associated with a higher average bed temperature. In particular, the high pressures typical of geothermal steam favour abatement, as does the use of fillings with a smaller grain size.
    keywords: abatement; bed; flow; geothermal; hcl; pilot; plant; steam
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        item: #1376 of 7527
          id: cet-11496
      author: CETJournal
       title: CET Volume 86
        date: 2021-06-15
       words: 3790
      flesch: 42
     summary: Using simple potted plants as passive biofilters to mitigate indoor air VOC concentrations integrating more established remediation strategies represents a simple, economical and “green” air purification technique to be evaluated primarily for domestic and non-industrial environments. Terracini 28, Bologna giacomo.antonioni3@unibo.it Phytoremediation of indoor air represents an innovative, cost-effective and eco-friendly strategy to control indoor air quality that could integrate more traditional methods (e.g. ventilation and source control), especially in non-industrial environments.
    keywords: air; concentrations; indoor; model; period; plants; removal; voc
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        item: #1377 of 7527
          id: cet-11497
      author: CETJournal
       title: CET Volume 86
        date: 2021-06-15
       words: 3239
      flesch: 42
     summary: Table 4 CO2 removal mechanisms in the two different operating periods Sorption column CO2 removal (mmol/d) rCH4 (mmol/d) HCO3 - Cathode (mmol/d) A review on optimization production and upgrading biogas through CO2 removal using various techniques.
    keywords: anodic; cathodic; chamber; co2; column; sorption; zeppilli
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        item: #1378 of 7527
          id: cet-11498
      author: CETJournal
       title: CET Volume 86
        date: 2021-06-15
       words: 3339
      flesch: 49
     summary: The quality of recovered carbon fiber (rCF), is sometimes comparable with virgin fiber: carbon fibers recovered by pyrolysis, retains at least 90% of its tensile strength with no change in modulus (ELG Carbon Fibre). Sugimoto y., Sato K., Hotta Y., 2019, Protection of carbon fiber surfaces with silicon-based ceramic coating, Journal of the Ceramic Society of Japan, 127
    keywords: carbon; ceramic; composites; fiber; materials; process; rcf; silicon
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        item: #1379 of 7527
          id: cet-11499
      author: CETJournal
       title: CET Volume 86
        date: 2021-06-15
       words: 3818
      flesch: 46
     summary: In order to evaluate the effectiveness of mineral fillers and compatibilizers in upgrading SRPW mixed plastics, by making them processable by blown film extrusion and improving their performances, recycled blown films were produced from SRPW pellets melt blended with different fillers and/or compatibilizers: a lamellar organoclay (D67G), a zeolite (4A) and a blocky copolymer grafted with maleic anhydride (AUS). a) b) Figure 3: Rheological characterization of SRPW pellets: a) complex viscosity; b) elastic G’ and viscous G’’ modulus. 436 SRPW are also characterized by a huge amount of water (about 13000 ppm), but after a drying process (conducted in a vacuum oven at 70 °C for 16 h) a one order magnitude reduction can be observed.
    keywords: fillers; plastics; srpw; zeolite
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        item: #1380 of 7527
          id: cet-115
      author: TW
       title: cet-115
        date: 2017-10-04
       words: 3484
      flesch: 60
     summary: Yuan X., Ge Z., Song Z., 2014, Soft sensor model development in multiphase/multimode processes based on gaussian mixture regression, Chemometrics & Intelligent Laboratory Systems, 138, 97-109. In fermentation processes, single model based soft sensors cannot guarantee prediction performance owing to process characteristics of non-linearity, shifting operating modes, dynamics and uncertainty.
    keywords: gpr; model; process; sensor; values
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        item: #1381 of 7527
          id: cet-1150
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - CET--006.docx
        date: 2017-07-25
       words: 3343
      flesch: 38
     summary: 3.2 Binary Image Processing After bridge binary image processing, bridge image can be captured into a black and white image, thereby compressing the bridge image, reducing the amount of data bridge deformation detection system, thereby reducing the complexity of operations. The steps are as follows: Use the following formula calculates the ratio of bridge suspected deformation region pixel in the whole bridge image: P = Of which, Pp is number of pixels of deformation region suspected in bridges image, Pj is number of total pixels in bridges image.
    keywords: algorithm; bridge; data; deformation; detection; image; method; military; river; sensing
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        item: #1382 of 7527
          id: cet-11500
      author: CETJournal
       title: CET Volume 86
        date: 2021-06-15
       words: 3714
      flesch: 55
     summary: The structure of embodied CO2 emissions transmissions is similar with that of embodied energy consumption; iii) Guangdong benefits the most from the regional embodied water transmissions system, and Jiangsu contributes the most. The structure of embodied CO2 emissions transmissions is similar to that of embodied energy consumption, as energy consumption related activities are the main contributors of CO2 emissions.
    keywords: china; co2; consumption; emissions; energy; regional; transmissions; water
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        item: #1383 of 7527
          id: cet-11501
      author: CETJournal
       title: CET Volume 86
        date: 2021-06-15
       words: 2933
      flesch: 37
     summary: Pedraza M., Prada M., 2018, Evaluación de la Biofijación de CO2 y producción de biomasa a partir de las microalgas bajo condiciones de fotobiorreactor a escala laboratorio, Tesis, Fundación Universidad de América Facultad de ingenierías, Bogotá D.C. Peralta P., Obregon L., González A., 2018, Design of Biodiesel and Bioethanol Production Process from Microalgae Biomass Using Exergy Analysis Methodology, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 70, 1045- 1060. A publication of The Italian Association of Chemical Engineering Online at www.cetjournal.it Guest Editors: Sauro Pierucci, Jiří Jaromír Klemeš Copyright © 2021, AIDIC Servizi Srl ISBN 978-88-95608-84-6; ISSN 2283-9216 Microalgae Scenedesmus sp as a Clean Technology in reducing Greenhouse Gas Carbon Dioxide Brigitte Farroñan Ramosa, Richard Carrasco Cháveza, Jhonny W. Valverde Floresa,b, Carlos A. Castañeda Oliveraa, Jorge Lopez Bulnesa, Elmer Benites- Alfaroa,* a Universidad César Vallejo, Lima, Perú b Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina, Lima, Perú ebenitesa@ucv.edu.pe Currently, the use of clean technologies is being sought as a more natural and environmentally friendly strategy and alternative to reduce the concentration of carbon dioxide (CO2) in the environment in order to decrease the presence of this greenhouse gas that is harmful to the weakening of the ozone layer.
    keywords: carbon; co2; dioxide; microalgae; oxygen; scenedesmus; temperature; treatment
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        item: #1384 of 7527
          id: cet-11502
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 167Valverde.docx
        date: 2021-06-16
       words: 3517
      flesch: 45
     summary: Yue Y., Liu B., Lv N., Wang T., Bi X., Zhu H., Yuan P., Bai Z., Cui Q., Bao X., 2019, Direct synthesis of hierarchical FeCu-ZSM-5 zeolite with wide temperature window in selective catalytic reduction of NO, NH3 by ChemCatChem, (11):9, 4744-4754, doi: 10.1002/cctc.201901104. Ghofur A., Soemarno., Hadi A., Putra M., 2018, Potential fly ash waste as catalytic converter for reduction of HC and CO emissions.
    keywords: catalyst; converter; cuzsm-5; emission; engine; gasoline; reduction; rpm; zeolite
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        item: #1385 of 7527
          id: cet-11503
      author: CETJournal
       title: CET Volume 86
        date: 2021-06-15
       words: 2880
      flesch: 57
     summary: For high overcharge currents (3C) the temperature exceeded 60°C before the CID tripped, while for lower currents the temperature slightly exceeded 40 °C. Experimental set up The overcharge tests were performed in a dedicated test field: the FARO plant (Figure 1), located in the C.R. Casaccia, was created with the aim of safely allowing the execution of abuse tests on cells and battery packs.
    keywords: anode; batteries; cell; current; ion; overcharge; tests
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        item: #1386 of 7527
          id: cet-11504
      author: CETJournal
       title: CET Volume 86
        date: 2021-06-15
       words: 3232
      flesch: 41
     summary: Journal of Energy Chemistry, 58, 336-344. Schiavi, P.G., Altimari, P., Branchi, M., Zanoni, R., Simonetti, G., Navarra, M.A., Pagnanelli, F., 2021, Selective recovery of cobalt from mixed lithium ion battery wastes using deep eutectic solvent, Chemical Engineering Journal, 417, 129249 Schiavi, P. G., Farina, L., Zanoni, R., Altimari, P., Cojocariu, I., Rubino, A., Navarra M.A., Panero S., Pagnanelli, F., 2019, Electrochemical synthesis of nanowire anodes from spent lithium ion batteries. The prepared cathodes were assembled in a two electrode R2032 coin-type cells where lithium metal disk was used as negative electrode.
    keywords: batteries; concentration; libs; lithium; metals; nmcs; precipitation; synthesis; synthetic
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        item: #1387 of 7527
          id: cet-11505
      author: CETJournal
       title: CET Volume 86
        date: 2021-06-15
       words: 2534
      flesch: 55
     summary: Both information sources are managed by the federal government of Mexico and represent the official data of the vehicle park and energy consumption of the country. In the global panorama, the trend of energy consumption in the transportation sector worldwide has been on the rise since 1990, where the consumption registered for that year was 65,954.10 PJ and for 2018 it was 121,036.20 PJ (IEAc, 2020).
    keywords: consumption; emissions; energy; mexico; sector; transport; vehicle; year
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        item: #1388 of 7527
          id: cet-11506
      author: CETJournal
       title: CET Volume 86
        date: 2021-06-15
       words: 3486
      flesch: 40
     summary: The CAF model is one of the tools where, with minimal financial demands, the first step can be taken to increase public administration quality in the form of self-assessment of the organization. Secondly, the purpose was to analyze and map the situation regarding the most common risks and implemented tools, increasing public administration quality.
    keywords: administration; authorities; level; management; public; quality; research; risk
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        item: #1389 of 7527
          id: cet-11507
      author: CETJournal
       title: CET Volume 86
        date: 2021-06-15
       words: 2935
      flesch: 38
     summary: Proposed model satisfactory defines energy scenarios to satisfy electricity demand. It means that electricity sector generates almost two thirds of total world growth.
    keywords: electricity; emissions; energy; iea; mexico; model; national; population; sector
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        item: #1390 of 7527
          id: cet-11508
      author: CETJournal
       title: CET Volume 86
        date: 2021-06-15
       words: 3267
      flesch: 46
     summary: In addition, water sustainability scenarios were estimated based on water supply and demand related to sustainability indicators (water-soil quality and plant coverage) and the level of water culture of the inhabitants. Therefore, this research determined scenarios of water sustainability of the lagoon by 2030 for the supply of this population.
    keywords: average; lagoon; level; mvcs; population; quality; scenarios; supply; sustainability; water; yanacocha
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        item: #1391 of 7527
          id: cet-11509
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 251Naquiche-Yesquen.docx
        date: 2021-06-16
       words: 3564
      flesch: 49
     summary: Likewise, in the summer season, vegetation cover had an inverse association with correlation values of -0.323, -0.252, -0.138 and -0.270 for temperature, precipitation, humidity and insolation, respectively. NDVI as part of remote sensing is used to estimate changes in wetlands and to provide information, monitoring and assessment of the growth status of vegetation cover affected by climatic variables such as temperature, precipitation and evapotranspiration that influence arid, semi-arid and wetland regions (Piedallu et al., 2019).
    keywords: area; climate; km2; landsat; ndvi; pantanos; values; variability; vegetation; villa; water; wetland
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        item: #1392 of 7527
          id: cet-1151
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - CET--006.docx
        date: 2017-07-25
       words: 4083
      flesch: 44
     summary: Conclusions In this paper, the theoretical study on the bearing capacity and settlement of loess foundation treated by cement soil pile composite foundation is presented. The cement soil pile composite foundation reinforcement of loess foundation, the upper structure load of single pile composite foundation and the settlement of the basic research contents include pile stress distribution, pile-soil stress ratio, pile and soil between piles and the composite foundation settlement of substratum settlement.
    keywords: cement; engineering; foundation; increase; loess; method; soil; strain; strength; stress
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        item: #1393 of 7527
          id: cet-11510
      author: CETJournal
       title: CET Volume 86
        date: 2021-06-15
       words: 3427
      flesch: 48
     summary: Interest in Li-O2 batteries has been increasing in the last years mainly with experimental works considering different combinations of electrolytes and O2 electrodes (Kwak et al., 2020). Laurent C., Flahaut E., Peigney A., 2010, The weight and density of carbon nanotubes versus the number of walls and diameter, Carbon, 48, 10, 2994–2996. Li J., Du Z., Ruther R. E., An S. J., David L. A., Hays K., Wood M., Phillip N. D., Sheng Y., Mao C., Kalnaus S., Daniel C., Wood D. L., 2017, Toward Low-Cost, High-Energy Density, and High-Power Density Lithium-Ion Batteries, JOM, 69, 9, 1484–1496.
    keywords: cell; density; discharge; electrode; energy
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        item: #1394 of 7527
          id: cet-11511
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-11511
        date: 2022-07-18
       words: 3939
      flesch: 45
     summary: The experimental data for the SO2 scrubber capture for different engine loads, seawater flow rates and characteristic values of seawater alkalinity have been interpreted in the light of an experimental correlation which correlates the desulphurization efficiency to the operating dosage (dop), with high accuracy level (R2 = 0.957). den Boer E., Hoen, M., 2015, Scrubbers – An economic and ecological assessment, CE Delft Flagiello D., Erto A., Lancia A., Di Natale F., 2018, Experimental and modelling analysis of seawater scrubbers for sulphur dioxide removal from flue-gas, Fuel, 214, 254–263.
    keywords: alkalinity; engine; flow; flue; gas; marine; sample; scrubber; scrubbing; seawater; so2
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        item: #1395 of 7527
          id: cet-11512
      author: CETJournal
       title: CET Volume 86
        date: 2021-06-15
       words: 3866
      flesch: 52
     summary: Methanol synthesis is assessed in terms of mass and energy balances and direct CO2 emissions. The flue gas produced by the purge combustion is considered as a stream with direct CO2 emissions (green line in Figure 1).
    keywords: algae; carbon; co2; gasification; methanol; process; purge; ratio; rdf; syngas
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        item: #1396 of 7527
          id: cet-11513
      author: CETJournal
       title: CET Volume 86
        date: 2021-06-15
       words: 2877
      flesch: 49
     summary: Barents Sea depth reaches 500 meters, which in combination with low bottom water temperatures that can be as low as 0 ℃, provides necessary conditions for CO2 Hydrate formations, which is presented in Figure 1b. The phase behavior of CO2 hydrate and a kinetic model is incorporated in the thermal reservoir simulator.
    keywords: co2; effect; end; figure; formation; heat; hydrate; injection; storage
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        item: #1397 of 7527
          id: cet-11514
      author: CETJournal
       title: CET Volume 86
        date: 2021-06-15
       words: 3729
      flesch: 43
     summary: References Antonioni G., Dal Pozzo A., Guglielmi D., Tugnoli A., Cozzani V., 2016, Enhanced modelling of heterogeneous gas- solid reactions in acid gas removal dry processes, Chem. As recent surveys pointed out (Beylot et al., 2018; Dal Pozzo et al., 2018a), the most common method for acid gas removal is their neutralisation by in-duct injection of dry powdered alkaline sorbents and the subsequent filtration of solid reaction products, with sodium bicarbonate being the prevalent choice as sorbent.
    keywords: acid; gas; hcl; impacts; removal; stage; system; waste
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        item: #1398 of 7527
          id: cet-11515
      author: CETJournal
       title: CET Volume 86
        date: 2021-06-15
       words: 3225
      flesch: 46
     summary: It should be considered that fire scenarios in open fields do not suffer limitations on ventilation, therefore peak HRR might be greater than in confined spaces. Conclusions Numerical simulation is a valuable support to the investigation of fire scenarios that involve complex fuel matrixes, including waste piles usually stored in the waste disposal and treatment facilities.
    keywords: combustion; disposal; facilities; fire; fuel; pile; size; waste; wind
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        item: #1399 of 7527
          id: cet-11516
      author: CETJournal
       title: CET Volume 86
        date: 2021-06-15
       words: 3227
      flesch: 40
     summary: References Adedigba S.A., Khan F., Yang M., 2017, Dynamic failure analysis of process systems using principal component analysis and Bayesian network, Ind. Eng. Conclusions This research work presents a hybrid model incorporating different data driven models in a complete logical and interconnected model (DL-ANN - HBN).
    keywords: ann; data; function; learning; model; process; risk; safety; system; variables
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        item: #1400 of 7527
          id: cet-11517
      author: CETJournal
       title: CET Volume 86
        date: 2021-06-15
       words: 3423
      flesch: 46
     summary: Considering Figure 1, results of runs 1-13 show that, for small values of h, the jet extent is no longer increased, leading to jet clouds of similar maximum length. Thus, to model this accidental scenario, the useful mathematical models developed for free jet scenarios fail (Pontiggia et al., 2014).
    keywords: cloud; colombini; ground; jet; methane; pressure; results; source
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        item: #1401 of 7527
          id: cet-11518
      author: CETJournal
       title: CET Volume 86
        date: 2021-06-15
       words: 3200
      flesch: 55
     summary: With the sample 98 wt% Fe2O3- 2 wt% Al2O3 the best performances in terms of particles stability and hydrogen purity were obtained. Ethanol fed (mmol C2H5OH/g Fe2O3) H2 (NL/100 g of Fe2O3) Commercial Fe2O3 3.422 9.621 98 wt% Fe2O3 -2 wt% Al2O3 2.921 7.305 95 wt% Fe2O3-5 wt% Al2O3 2.882 7.102 90 wt% Fe2O3-10 wt% Al2O3 2.851 3.449 60 wt% Fe2O3-40 wt% Al2O3 1.903 2.145 3.2 Effect of Al2O3 addition on particles stability for 3 redox cycles
    keywords: al2o3; cycles; fe2o3; iron; particles; redox; stability; wt%
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        item: #1402 of 7527
          id: cet-11519
      author: CETJournal
       title: CET Volume 86
        date: 2021-06-15
       words: 3747
      flesch: 27
     summary: The effectiveness of hospital resilience depends on their ability to anticipate, absorb, adapt to and/or rapidly recover from disruptive events. Table 5: Identification of weakness in resilience of the assessed element of the critical infrastructure Threats Components of resilience Factor with insufficient level of resilience Factors with level of resilience D is ru p tio n o f e le ct ri ci ty s u p p ly f o r 2 4 h o u rs Robustness Time characteristics of the use of linkage and Technical means Recoverability Allocation of the financial resources/reserves for recovery Preparedness of financial resources/reserves in time of need Adaptability Level of scenarios for disruptive events Implementation of management systems Evaluation of the training’s effectivity D is ru p tio n o f th e in te rn a l s ys te m o f IC T Robustness Evaluation/audit of the security and risk analysis Firewall/demilitarized zone Recoverability Allocation of the financial resources/reserves for recovery Preparedness of financial resources/reserves in time of need Adaptability Level of scenarios for disruptive events Implementation of management systems Evaluation of the training’s effectivity L o n e s h o o te r te rr o ri st a tt a ck Robustness Technical means Protective measures Regime measures Cumulative probability of intruder detection
    keywords: assessment; element; factors; hospital; infrastructure; level; rehak; resilience; threats
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        item: #1403 of 7527
          id: cet-1152
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - CET--006.docx
        date: 2017-07-25
       words: 3804
      flesch: 37
     summary: The traditional three level seismic design idea is at the primary level, low level, the goal is not clear on the level, the initial performance based seismic design of the factors (An et al., 2014). According to the seismic safety evaluation of the engineering report, the relevant conclusions are as follows: soil types in this project for soft soil soft soil equivalent shear wave velocity is 127.15 ~ 151.56m/s, construction site for the class III, ground micro tremors cycle averaged 0.45 seconds according to the code for seismic design of buildings (GB500112010) the provisions of article 4.1.1, the site can be divided into seismic favorable site for building.
    keywords: analysis; building; design; earthquake; floor; layer; performance; shear; structure; wall
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        item: #1404 of 7527
          id: cet-11520
      author: CETJournal
       title: CET Volume 86
        date: 2021-06-15
       words: 3815
      flesch: 45
     summary: Soil remediation studies reported high efficiency of HMs immobilization in soils with mechanical treatment: mica/fibrolite soil mixed with Ca/CaO to immobilize As, Cd, Cr and Pb (Mallampati et al. 2012a); Fe/Ca/CaO or NaH2PO4 to immobilize Cs-contaminated soils (Mallampati et al. 2012b); artificial soils to immobilize Pb, Cd and Zn (Montinaro et al. 2009). Despite these high efficiencies of HMs immobilization, they were mainly referred to scenario with artificial samples mimicking contaminated soils and milling devices that do not represent the full-scale operations.
    keywords: hms; immobilization; milling; model; soil; time; treatment
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        item: #1405 of 7527
          id: cet-11521
      author: CETJournal
       title: CET Volume 86
        date: 2021-06-15
       words: 3771
      flesch: 45
     summary: The photocatalytic tests on discoloration of AO7 aqueous solution were carried in a photoreactor surrounded by visible-LEDs strip. Finally, the influence of incident light intensity on the degradation efficiency was analyzed in the range from 3.25 to 13 mW cm-2, at optimal values of dye concentration (10 mg L−1) and photocatalyst dosage (3 g L−1) at the spontaneous pH of AO7 solution (pH=5.5).
    keywords: ao7; concentration; degradation; dye; light; photocatalyst; photocatalytic; solution; tio2
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        item: #1406 of 7527
          id: cet-11522
      author: CETJournal
       title: CET Volume 86
        date: 2021-06-15
       words: 2327
      flesch: 50
     summary: In fact, corona treatment induces the changes in chemical composition of PP surface by introducing polar functional groups (hydroxyl, carbonyl and carboxyl) (Leroux et al., 2008). The obtained coated films were characterized with different techniques that evidenced the presence of TiO2 particles anchored on PP surface thanks to the formation of polar functional groups on the polymeric surface promoted by corona discharge pretreatment.
    keywords: film; irradiation; photocatalytic; surface; tio2
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        item: #1407 of 7527
          id: cet-11523
      author: CETJournal
       title: CET Volume 86
        date: 2021-06-15
       words: 4294
      flesch: 39
     summary: Several projects have dealt with the formulation of good practices and guidelines like the EC FP7 CO2PipeHaz project specifically focused on CO2 pipeline safety. Recommended practice DNV-RP-J202 also deals with design and operation of CO2 pipelines, with specific references to pipeline standards ISO 13623, DNV-OS-F101, and ASME B31.4 along with cross-links to other references, codes, and standard of API, ASME, CSA, IEC, NACE, NORSOK, and PHMSA.
    keywords: capture; carbon; ccs; co2; dioxide; gas; integrity; mocellin; operations; pipelines; risk; safety; storage
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        item: #1408 of 7527
          id: cet-11524
      author: CETJournal
       title: CET Volume 86
        date: 2021-06-15
       words: 2641
      flesch: 46
     summary: Oil removal test from contaminated surfaces A sheet of known mass had part of its area uniformly contaminated with 100 µL of OCB1 oil. Figure 1: Biodetergent production tests to assess physical parameters for volumes of 4 and 5 liters.
    keywords: biodetergent; formulation; ocb1; oil; production; removal; stability; surface
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        item: #1409 of 7527
          id: cet-11525
      author: CETJournal
       title: CET Volume 86
        date: 2021-06-15
       words: 2844
      flesch: 41
     summary: Aragão, J. V. S., Costa, A. F. S., Silva, G. L., Silva, S. M., Macêdo, J. S., Galdino Junior, C. J. S., Milanez, V. F. A.; Sarubbo, L. A., 2020, Analysis of the Environmental Life Cycle of Bacterial Cellulose Production, Chemical Engineering Transactions, vol 79, 445-450. Tsambe, M. Z. A., Almeida, C. F., Ugaya, C. M. L., Cybis, L. F. A., 2018, Inventário de Ciclo de Vida de Óleos Lubrificantes Usados ou Contaminados na Região Sul do Brasil, Revista Latino-Americana em
    keywords: analysis; cycle; degradation; hydrogen; life; processes; uncertainty
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        item: #1410 of 7527
          id: cet-11526
      author: CETJournal
       title: CET Volume 86
        date: 2021-06-15
       words: 3416
      flesch: 48
     summary: Peter-Varbanets M., Zurbrügg C., Swartz C., Pronk W., 2009, Decentralized systems for potable water and the potential of membrane technology, Water Research, 43(2), 245–265. Philippopoulos C. J., Poulopoulos S. G., 2003, Photo-assisted oxidation of an oily wastewater using hydrogen peroxide, Journal of Hazardous Materials, 98(1–3), 201–210. Advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) and membrane filtration could complement the existing processes to completely eliminate pollutants of emerging concern in wastewaters.
    keywords: cas; effluents; membrane; mnz; removal; treatment; wastewater
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        item: #1411 of 7527
          id: cet-11527
      author: CETJournal
       title: CET Volume 86
        date: 2021-06-15
       words: 4414
      flesch: 51
     summary: Subsequently, the samples obtained after treatment of 100 ppm of dye solution with Fenton and Photo-Fenton processes were tested. 3. Results and discussion 3.1 Fenton/Photo-Fenton processes The degradation rate (Figure 1) depends on dye concentration, as intuitive, so the higher is its concentration, the longer the process will be, but with quite similar profiles.
    keywords: degradation; dye; fenton; h2o2; lamp; photo; processes; reaction
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        item: #1412 of 7527
          id: cet-11528
      author: CETJournal
       title: CET Volume 86
        date: 2021-06-15
       words: 3882
      flesch: 51
     summary: In South Africa, paper mill sludge is mainly incinerated, landfilled or used for land application. In this study, a process of stabilization of paper mill sludge through hydrothermal carbonization is proposed.
    keywords: analysis; ash; content; moisture; paper; pulp; samples; sludge
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        item: #1413 of 7527
          id: cet-11529
      author: CETJournal
       title: CET Volume 86
        date: 2021-06-22
       words: 2758
      flesch: 57
     summary: This shows that, at water levels above a certain height, the excessive amount of water inside the LPMB scrubber prevents the gas from flowing smoothly. A computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model was developed to test various initial water levels.
    keywords: case; figure; gas; level; lpmb; scrubbers; water
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        item: #1414 of 7527
          id: cet-1153
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - CET--006.docx
        date: 2017-07-25
       words: 3706
      flesch: 34
     summary: The zero shear viscosity of high viscosity asphalt and asphalt Newton area corresponding to the first uniform shear rate range from the pavement, viscous characteristics of 60 °C can effectively characterize the zero shear viscosity of high viscosity modified asphalt in pavement structure, propose this index as the high viscosity modified asphalt viscosity evaluation key index. 2.2 Experimental comparison of zero shear viscosity and capillary viscosity of asphalt at high temperature Two kinds of high viscosity modified asphalt viscosity of s 60 °C are indeed up to 1*105Pa.s.
    keywords: asphalt; performance; rate; shear; shear viscosity; temperature; test; viscosity
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        item: #1415 of 7527
          id: cet-11530
      author: CETJournal
       title: CET Volume 86
        date: 2021-06-15
       words: 3547
      flesch: 49
     summary: As reported in Table 1, two cases of flue gas composition, respectively representative of the typical acid gas load in flue gas from municipal solid waste combustion and from mixed industrial/urban waste combustion (Dal Pozzo et al., 2017; Romero et al., 2020), were studied. Acid compound Case 1 Case 2 HCl (mg/Nm3) 600 1000 SO2 (mg/Nm 3) 100 200 3.2 Modelling of the wastewater management options For the conventional physicochemical treatment of scrubber wastewater (Bc)
    keywords: acid; energy; flue; gas; scrubber; waste; wastewater; wet
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        item: #1416 of 7527
          id: cet-11531
      author: CETJournal
       title: CET Volume 86
        date: 2021-06-15
       words: 2870
      flesch: 54
     summary: Aliquots of this residue were maintained at room temperature under constant stirring with 0.025-0.5 g/L of MR aqueous solution by using a liquid/solid ratio from 50 to 500 mL/g and up to 24 hours. 2.3 Adsorption studies To study the adsorption properties, aliquots of each sample of UR from 0.1 to 1.0 g were mixed in an Erlenmeyer flask with MR aqueous solution from 10 to 50 mL, resulting in a concentration ranging from 0.025 to 1 g/L with pH strongly basic (pH > 11).
    keywords: adsorption; dye; glass; removal; residue
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        item: #1417 of 7527
          id: cet-11532
      author: CETJournal
       title: CET Volume 86
        date: 2021-06-15
       words: 3365
      flesch: 44
     summary: This is another important aspect due to the utilization of the radiant floor distribution system, which allows containing the temperature of the supply water during winter, while in summer the supply temperature is set at 8.5 °C. Table 1: Heat pump performances (year: 2016) A publication of The Italian Association of Chemical Engineering Online at www.cetjournal.it Guest Editors: Sauro Pierucci, Jiří Jaromír Klemeš Copyright © 2021, AIDIC Servizi S.r.l. ISBN 978-88-95608-84-6; ISSN 2283-9216 Experimental Study of a Novel Integrated System for Air Conditioning and Domestic Hot Water Production Lorenzo Crocia, Cristiani Nicolòa, Benini Marcoa,b, Giorgio Besagnia,* aRicerca sul Sistema Energetico – RSE S.p.A., Power System Development Departm., via Rubattino 54, 20134 Milano, Italy bPolitecnico di Milano, Department of Energy, via Lambruschini 4a, 20156, Milano, Italy giorgio.besagni@rse-web.it The integration between heat pumps and renewable energy sources is a recognized strategy to be pursued to reduce primary energy consumption in new or energetically retrained residential buildings.
    keywords: energy; heat; hybrid; panels; pump; system; water
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        item: #1418 of 7527
          id: cet-11533
      author: CETJournal
       title: CET Volume 86
        date: 2021-06-15
       words: 3860
      flesch: 46
     summary: Indeed, Red Maple AC has the higher reactivity with a maximum of CO2 evolution around 400 °C, followed by Birch AC at 450 °C and Ironwood AC at 466 °C. Temperature-programmed oxidation (TPO) measured the reactivity toward oxygen of chars and AC, while temperature-programmed desorption coupled with mass spectrometry (TPD/MS) revealed functional groups on AC surface.
    keywords: activation; adsorption; ironwood; maple; oxidation; pyrolysis; red; step; surface
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        item: #1419 of 7527
          id: cet-11534
      author: CETJournal
       title: CET Volume 86
        date: 2021-06-15
       words: 2960
      flesch: 47
     summary: Globalization makes us find ourselves in a world where markets are increasingly competitive, and therefore companies are concerned about having higher quality products and processes. To help organizations manage their improvements, the international standard ISO 9001: 2015 is used, which is a crucial tool in implementing quality management systems.
    keywords: brick; company; importance; level; management; product; quality
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        item: #1420 of 7527
          id: cet-11535
      author: CETJournal
       title: CET Volume 86
        date: 2021-06-15
       words: 3289
      flesch: 35
     summary: The results obtained demonstrated biosurfactant produced by C. lipolytica showed promising properties for use in bioremediation of hydrophobic compounds. Biosurfactants are amphipathic biomolecules produced by microorganisms capable of allowing water-oil interaction and also providing biostimulation in the degradation process.
    keywords: biosurfactant; cmc; emulsification; lipolytica; oil; production; surface; tension
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        item: #1421 of 7527
          id: cet-11536
      author: CETJournal
       title: CET Volume 86
        date: 2021-06-15
       words: 3186
      flesch: 36
     summary: Figure 1: Chromium reduction bioassay The results obtained indicate that the marine microorganisms recovered in the area around the bay of Cartagena have a great capacity to reduce hexavalent chromium, being that the sediment samples obtained better results than with the water samples, because in the sediments there is greater accumulation of microorganisms. For the in vitro evaluation of hexavalent chromium reduction, a 2000 ppm potassium dichromate stock solution (Merck Brand) and a potassium chromate stock solution (Merck Brand) were prepared, which would be used in the microorganism selection dilutions.
    keywords: agar; broth; chromium; growth; hexavalent; king; microorganisms; ppm; reduction; sediment; water
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        item: #1422 of 7527
          id: cet-11537
      author: CETJournal
       title: CET Volume 86
        date: 2021-06-15
       words: 3385
      flesch: 54
     summary: Two systems were proposed to remedy the situation: the first for wastewater treatment and recovery for irrigation while the second system aimed at providing a composting system from sludge recovery. Towards remedying the impacts of wastewater in local communities, the Cameroonian government has constructed wastewater treatment station to ensure effluent treatment before discharge in the natural environment.
    keywords: cameroon; cobs; corn; effluent; system; treatment; wastewater
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        item: #1423 of 7527
          id: cet-11538
      author: CETJournal
       title: CET Volume 86
        date: 2021-06-15
       words: 3867
      flesch: 37
     summary: As expected, electricity generation for methanol production process, but also for limestone extraction and decomposition with a share of 5.90%, respectively 1.20% are placed as second and third contributors, whilst limestone decomposition process, waste water treatment process and disposal of wastes have brought minor contributions. As second contributor, similar to GWP and FDP indicator, is the electricity generation for methanol production process with a share of nearly 5.53%, being followed closely by the waste water treatment process with close to 5.34% out of the overall value.
    keywords: bio; case; co2; electricity; hydrogenation; methanol; methanol production; power; process; production
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        item: #1424 of 7527
          id: cet-11539
      author: CETJournal
       title: CET Volume 86
        date: 2021-06-15
       words: 3126
      flesch: 39
     summary: Due to the larger total surface area on ceramic monolithic catalysts with smaller channels (SCC), complete conversions of the BTEX mixture were achieved at lower temperatures in comparison with monolithic catalysts with larger channels (LCC). Given the great interest in expanding existing areas of application of monoliths, great attention of researchers is focused on improving existing and developing new procedures for the preparation of monolithic catalysts.
    keywords: btex; catalysts; components; compounds; layer; manganese; oxidation
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        item: #1425 of 7527
          id: cet-1154
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - CET--006.docx
        date: 2017-07-25
       words: 3016
      flesch: 38
     summary: Next, wipe structure paste position and piezoelectric ceramic sensor and structure contact surface dust, dirt with acetone. In order to test the performance of the piezoelectric ceramic sensor after packaging and compare the performance of piezoelectric ceramic sensor of different thickness and different size, piezoelectric ceramics are used in this paper.
    keywords: ceramic; engineering; health; materials; monitoring; piezoelectric; sensor; signal; structure
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        item: #1426 of 7527
          id: cet-11540
      author: CETJournal
       title: CET Volume 86
        date: 2021-06-15
       words: 2948
      flesch: 51
     summary: Different amounts of wastewater samples from the plating on plastics industry were collected for this study. Conclusions The photocatalysis applied to wastewater treatment from plating on the plastics industry for hexavalent chromium removal performs better in acidic media since the contaminants largest removals in the experimentation were at pH 3.3 and 5.
    keywords: catalyst; chromium; removal; wastewater
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        item: #1427 of 7527
          id: cet-11541
      author: CETJournal
       title: CET Volume 86
        date: 2021-06-15
       words: 3695
      flesch: 39
     summary: Reactors based on accelerated bioremediation processes, called Biobed, have been showing high efficacy for pesticides degradation, and used as a measure to mitigate point contamination. Practices to mitigate the impact caused by pesticide effluents in rural areas have increased in importance, given the impossibility of carrying out conventional treatment of these residues in industrial plants.
    keywords: biobed; degradation; effluent; et al; h2o2; pesticide; pre; reactor; tebuconazole; treatment
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        item: #1428 of 7527
          id: cet-11542
      author: CETJournal
       title: CET Volume 86
        date: 2021-06-15
       words: 3602
      flesch: 40
     summary: Surfactant transport experiments were successively performed after each tracer experiment. Surfactant transport in sandy column experiments was compared to that of a non- reactive molecule tracer (potassium-bromide).
    keywords: cmc; column; concentration; experiments; flow; remediation; soil; surface; surfactant; tracer; transport
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        item: #1429 of 7527
          id: cet-11543
      author: CETJournal
       title: CET Volume 86
        date: 2021-06-15
       words: 3314
      flesch: 43
     summary: Manna M.V., Sabia P., Ragucci R., de Joannon M., 2021, Ammonia oxidation regimes and transitional behaviours in a Jet Stirred Flow Reactor, Combustion and Flame, 228, 388-400. Also the DR region is moved toward lower temperatures as R increases and its shape and extension strongly change with R. For instance, at Tin=1250 K and R=0.05, oscillations were predicted at φ=1.0 while at R=0.1 and R=0.15, the temperature instabilities occur only under fuel-lean conditions.
    keywords: ammonia; combustion; nh3; oxidation; reaction; regimes; temperature
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        item: #1430 of 7527
          id: cet-11544
      author: CETJournal
       title: CET Volume 86
        date: 2021-06-15
       words: 2961
      flesch: 55
     summary: 1.1 Heat pumps basic concepts The technology for energy efficiency proposal for several change climatic authors are the recycled of energy from waste heat, from solar heat and even the soil heat. The absorption heat transformer is placed into two configurations in the solar pond, the first one assumes condenser is outside of solar pond and the COP is a typical calculation: = (1) Where QAB is the energy for useful heat at 105 °C, Q GE is the generator heat at bottom solar pond temperature and QEV is evaporator heat at same temperature than generator, because they are in the same solar pond depth level.
    keywords: absorption; condenser; energy; figure; heat; pond; process; pump; temperature; transformer
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        item: #1431 of 7527
          id: cet-11545
      author: CETJournal
       title: CET Volume 86
        date: 2021-06-15
       words: 3703
      flesch: 44
     summary: Then the solvent is evaporated using a rotatory evaporator and it is assumed that 80 % of dichloromethane is then recycled. 711 3.3 Life cycle impact assessment After collecting data, the third step, called life cycle impact assessment (LCIA), consists of estimating environmental impacts of the system by relating the inventory flows in the LCI to the respective environmental impacts. The knowledge of these drawbacks has led to research into improvements of anaerobic digestion process.
    keywords: anaerobic; bio; digestate; digestion; energy; heat; impacts; life; process; pyrolysis; system; use
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        item: #1432 of 7527
          id: cet-11546
      author: CETJournal
       title: CET Volume 86
        date: 2021-06-15
       words: 3061
      flesch: 42
     summary: This work deals then with the analysis of light hydrocarbon unit with the purpose of reducing energy consumption and solving operational problems. “Giulio Natta”, 32 Piazza L. Da Vinci, Milan, Italy, 20133 flavio.manenti@polimi.it In recent years, energy efficiency has been one of the topics of major concern from a worldwide perspective as clearly stated by the International Energy Agency (IEA,2021).
    keywords: analysis; consumption; energy; heat; plant; process; sibur; steam
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        item: #1433 of 7527
          id: cet-11547
      author: CETJournal
       title: CET Volume 86
        date: 2021-06-15
       words: 3085
      flesch: 54
     summary: 6.77E-3 +4% 1.06E-2 +63% 4.32E-3 7.69E-3 +78% EP (kg PO4eq) 3.20E-6 +178% 5.18E-6 +350% 7.63E-7 1.09E-6 +43% ADPF (MJ) 4.63E+1 3.02E+1 -35% 1.60E+1 -65% 2.82E+1 -39
    keywords: assessment; cycle; energy; life; piping; production; pvc; system
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        item: #1434 of 7527
          id: cet-11548
      author: CETJournal
       title: CET Volume 86
        date: 2021-06-15
       words: 3124
      flesch: 52
     summary: The LCA for natural dye presents a type of dyeing process using vegetable as a sustainable alternative for the textile industry. Keywords: Dyeing, Reactive synthetic dye, Natural dye, Life Cycle Analysis 1.
    keywords: analysis; color; cycle; dyeing; lca; life; process; samples; synthetic; textile
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        item: #1435 of 7527
          id: cet-11549
      author: CETJournal
       title: CET Volume 86
        date: 2021-06-15
       words: 3554
      flesch: 51
     summary: Several recycling methods have been proposed to reduce municipal plastic waste (Al-Salem et al., 2010). The thermo-catalytic pyrolysis process represents a viable technological option for processing municipal mixture plastic waste.
    keywords: fraction; ldpe; liquid; plastic; pyrolysis; sample; sdu; waste; wt.-%
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        item: #1436 of 7527
          id: cet-1155
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - CET--006.docx
        date: 2017-07-25
       words: 3106
      flesch: 51
     summary: Table 1: Types of wall cracks Partitioning method Type Partitioning method Type Cracking depth Surface cracks cause Load crack Transverse crack Deformation crack Manifestation Horizontal cracks Influencing factors Temperature cracks Longitudinal cracks In this way, the block will produce uneven stress, making the tensile stress within the block increased, and then easily lead to wall cracks.
    keywords: block; concrete; control; cracks; foundation; mortar; structure; wall
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        item: #1437 of 7527
          id: cet-11550
      author: CETJournal
       title: CET Volume 86
        date: 2021-06-15
       words: 3354
      flesch: 50
     summary: Gueymard, C. M., 2002, Proposed reference irradiance spectra for solar energy systems testing. One of the sources that have had significant growth worldwide in the last decade is photovoltaic solar energy.
    keywords: diffuse; energy; panel; radiation; solar; systems; tracker
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        item: #1438 of 7527
          id: cet-11551
      author: CETJournal
       title: CET Volume 86
        date: 2021-06-15
       words: 2653
      flesch: 44
     summary: The use of biofertilizers made from animal manure could be a viable solution for the recovery of the fertility of degraded soil due to the low cost of processing and easy application. Dávila (2018), Saldaña et al. (2018) and Avelino (2018) also obtained favorable results in the recovery of degraded soils using Pteridium aquilinum species, fish entrails fertilizer and fertilizer from guinea pig manure, respectively.
    keywords: biofertilizer; guinea; manure; pig; recovery; soil
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        item: #1439 of 7527
          id: cet-11552
      author: CETJournal
       title: CET Volume 86
        date: 2021-06-15
       words: 3960
      flesch: 32
     summary: Combustion chamber configuration, iso-surfaces at v=6 m/s and velocity field on the xz plane for three different protrusion lengths: a) 0.02 m; b) 0.025 m; c) 0.03 m. Normalized residence time distributions (Eθ) and ΔEθ % for investigated chamber configurations.
    keywords: chamber; combustion; combustion chamber; configuration; cyclonic; energy; flow; reactor; residence; time; velocity
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        item: #1440 of 7527
          id: cet-11553
      author: CETJournal
       title: CET Volume 86
        date: 2021-06-15
       words: 3829
      flesch: 58
     summary: The purpose of the algorithm is to classify alarm events into two categories: Target (i.e., Label = “YES”) and Not Target (i.e., Label = “NO”). Specifically, alarm data originated in an upper-tier Seveso site have been collected, cleaned, and analyzed to identify periods of intense alarm activity.
    keywords: alarm; chemical; database; event; label; learning; machine; model; target
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        item: #1441 of 7527
          id: cet-11554
      author: CETJournal
       title: CET Volume 86
        date: 2021-06-15
       words: 3542
      flesch: 28
     summary: Step A of the REEA evaluates the potential level in resource efficiency investment of a Company and is aimed at identifying areas of major interest. The quantitative and qualitative benchmarking analysis performed in this step allows the experts to preliminary identify a set of potential resource efficiency measures / investments able to address the identified inefficiencies / low performances.
    keywords: company; efficiency; energy; investment; paper; performance; potential; resources; ton; waste; water
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        item: #1442 of 7527
          id: cet-11555
      author: CETJournal
       title: CET Volume 86
        date: 2021-06-15
       words: 2865
      flesch: 47
     summary: The application of chemical looping schemes permits O2 transfer from air to the reaction chamber via oxygen carriers, namely metal oxides having multiple oxidation states, without contemporary transfer of N2. Bridgewater A.V., 1995, The Technical and Economical Feasibility of Biomass Gasification for Power Generation, Fuel, 74, 631-653 Cabello A., Gayan P., Garcia-Labiano F., de Diego L.F., Abad A., Adanez J., 2016, On the attrition evaluation of oxygen carriers in Chemical Looping Combustion, Fuel Process.
    keywords: bed; biomass; carrier; chemical; co2; figure; gasification; gpcuo; oxygen
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        item: #1443 of 7527
          id: cet-11556
      author: CETJournal
       title: CET Volume 86
        date: 2021-06-15
       words: 3509
      flesch: 46
     summary: (2010) used the β-CD to mask the bitter taste of an antihistamine drug; Nerome et al. (2013) produced spherical particles by coprecipitating lycopene and β-CD using SEDS (solution-enhanced dispersion by supercritical fluids), a process similar to SAS in which the supercritical carbon dioxide equally has the role of the antisolvent; Jia et al. A publication of The Italian Association of Chemical Engineering Online at www.cetjournal.it Guest Editors: Sauro Pierucci, Jiří Jaromír Klemeš Copyright © 2021, AIDIC Servizi S.r.l. ISBN 978-88-95608-84-6; ISSN 2283-9216 Production of Curcumin/β-cyclodextrin Inclusion Complexes by Supercritical Antisolvent Process Iolanda De Marco*, Paola Franco Università degli studi di Salerno, Dipartimento di Ingegneria Industriale Via Giovanni Paolo II, 132, 84084, Fisciano (SA), Italy idemarco@unisa.it In this work, β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) based inclusion complexes containing curcumin (CURC), a yellow pigment from Curcuma longa plants, were obtained through the Supercritical AntiSolvent (SAS) process.
    keywords: antisolvent; complexes; curc; curcumin; inclusion; mol; sas
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        item: #1444 of 7527
          id: cet-11557
      author: CETJournal
       title: CET Volume 86
        date: 2021-06-15
       words: 2741
      flesch: 52
     summary: Tests were conducted by firstly inserting the K-type thermocouple into the powder bed area followed by preparation of powder bed with PA12 powder using a spreading tool. SLS is a complex phenomenon which involves laser-material interactions and heat generated is dissipated through heat conduction in powder bed, convection and radiation (Sofia et al., 2015).
    keywords: bed; camera; heat; laser; powder; surface; temperature
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        item: #1445 of 7527
          id: cet-11558
      author: CETJournal
       title: CET Volume 86
        date: 2021-06-15
       words: 3887
      flesch: 40
     summary: These techniques are of great importance for the synthesis of metal NPs (El-Berry et al., 2021), as the precursors usually adopted contain the metal in ionic form requiring proper reductants generally exerting toxic effects on upper organisms and on the environment. Electrochemical methods represent an interesting variant to liquid-phase chemical methods (Stępniowski et al., 2019), as they allow to produce agglomerates of metal NPs of high purity with possibility of tuning shape and dimension by acting on several parameters like precursor concentration, current density and temperature (Raja, 2008).
    keywords: chemical; green; liquid; materials; metal; methods; nanoparticles; nps; process; synthesis
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        item: #1446 of 7527
          id: cet-11559
      author: CETJournal
       title: CET Volume 86
        date: 2021-06-17
       words: 2586
      flesch: 59
     summary: 795 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 0 20 40 60 80 100 cu m ul at iv e un de rs iz e C u (% ) particle size Da (mm) beech chips n = 3000 min-1 4HR10-4HR6 4HR10-4HR4 4HR10-4HR2 n = 1500 min-1 4HR10-4HR6 4HR10-4HR4 4HR10-4HR2 Figure 5: Particle size distribution for different screen sieves and rotor speeds. c) Figure 4: Particle shape after milling the raw material on a screen sieve with squared openings (4HR), with dimensions a) 6x6mm, b) 4x4 mm, c) 2 x 2mm.
    keywords: distribution; flow; materials; particle; properties; size
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        item: #1447 of 7527
          id: cet-1156
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - CET--006.docx
        date: 2017-07-25
       words: 3059
      flesch: 44
     summary: Cement-based permeable crystalline waterproof coating is a kind of cement concrete waterproof material, which contains the chemical active substances as water a carrier to penetrate into the concrete. Therefore, there is an urgent need for a waterproof, corrosion, and repair function waterproof materials, it should have a good environmental adaptability and technology to improve this situation.
    keywords: cement; coating; healing; material; pool; self; swimming; waterproof
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        item: #1448 of 7527
          id: cet-11560
      author: CETJournal
       title: CET Volume 86
        date: 2021-06-15
       words: 2566
      flesch: 53
     summary: Cerium oxide nanoparticles accelerate the decay of peroxynitrite (ONOO-). Fabrication of cerium oxide nanoparticles: Characterization and optical properties.
    keywords: cerium; nanoparticles; oxide; pressure; sas; size; surface
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        item: #1449 of 7527
          id: cet-11561
      author: CETJournal
       title: CET Volume 86
        date: 2021-06-15
       words: 4737
      flesch: 42
     summary: Li J., Deng X., Wang L., Liu J., Xu K., 2020, Clinical application of carbon nanoparticles in lymphatic mapping during colorectal cancer surgeries: A systematic review and meta analysis, Digestive and Liver Disease 52, 1445-1454. Moreno-Couranjou M., Monthioux M., Gonzalez-Aguilar J., Fulcheri L., 2009, A non-thermal plasma process for the gas phase synthesis of carbon nanoparticles, Carbon, 47, 2310-2321.
    keywords: carbon; carbonization; chemical; cnps; et al; nanoparticles; plasma; precursor; process; synthesis; temperature
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        item: #1450 of 7527
          id: cet-11562
      author: CETJournal
       title: CET Volume 86
        date: 2021-06-15
       words: 3804
      flesch: 59
     summary: Discrete particle simulation of particulate systems: A review of major applications and findings. In both cases, particle contact forces are of great relevance to determine the output.
    keywords: approach; column; contact; dem; force; particles; pressure; simulations
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        item: #1451 of 7527
          id: cet-11563
      author: CETJournal
       title: CET Volume 86
        date: 2021-06-15
       words: 3289
      flesch: 46
     summary: Figure 1: XRD pattern of crystalline ZnO, Ag2S/ZnO and Ag/Ag2S/ZnO 0 20 40 60 80 100 a rb itr a ry u n its ( a .u .) Under visible light irradiation, Fe and C doping on ZnO nanoparticles showed better photo-absorption capacity than pure ZnO.
    keywords: ag2s; chemical; degradation; light; phenol; surface; ternary; water; zno
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        item: #1452 of 7527
          id: cet-11564
      author: CETJournal
       title: CET Volume 86
        date: 2021-06-15
       words: 3422
      flesch: 51
     summary: Several trial experiments showed that the best combination of colors in order to have non-overlapping and narrow picks in the hue channel are red (for smaller particles), blue (for larger particles) and green (for middle-sized grains). Yu Y., Saxén H., 2010, Experimental and DEM study of segregation of ternary size particles in a blast furnace top bunker model, Chemical Engineering Science, 65, 5237-5250.
    keywords: chute; figure; grains; layer; mixture; particles; segregation; size
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        item: #1453 of 7527
          id: cet-11565
      author: CETJournal
       title: CET Volume 86
        date: 2021-06-15
       words: 3004
      flesch: 41
     summary: The present work aims at an analysis of the behavior of an ammonia decomposition membrane reactor and the identification of the most favorable operating conditions. The use of hydrogen permeable membrane is therefore important to enhance the process kinetics and decrease the reactor dimensions.
    keywords: ammonia; decomposition; hydrogen; membrane; rate; reaction
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        item: #1454 of 7527
          id: cet-11566
      author: CETJournal
       title: CET Volume 86
        date: 2021-06-15
       words: 3138
      flesch: 49
     summary: a) Experimental results obtained while varying the air flow rate; b) comparison between experimental results obtained with wax droplets and modelling results for slag droplets. As an example, in granulation process, the impingement of slag droplets with the wall is followed by spread, recoil, rebound phenomena while varying the impacting conditions (He et al., 2020).
    keywords: droplets; energy; experimental; flow; impact; rebound; slag; spread; wall
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        item: #1455 of 7527
          id: cet-11567
      author: CETJournal
       title: CET Volume 86
        date: 2021-06-15
       words: 2902
      flesch: 46
     summary: Conclusion In this contribution, a workflow for a fully Virtual Twin of multi-tubular packed bed reactors was presented. These 1-D models can then be used to calculate performance of multi-tubular reactors, either by running a computationally expensive simulation with resolved tubes or by coupling the CFD simulation to an advanced process modeling tool like gPROMS.
    keywords: cfd; flow; heat; particle; reactor; simulation; tube
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        item: #1456 of 7527
          id: cet-11568
      author: CETJournal
       title: CET Volume 86
        date: 2021-06-15
       words: 2804
      flesch: 37
     summary: Higher hydrogen formation was observed for isothermic reaction conditions, indicating that glycerol SCWG was an endothermic reaction, this fact is justified by the results of adiabatic reactors. Hydrogen formation is mainly influenced by the effects of temperature and glycerol composition, reaching the maximum hydrogen formation (2.29 moles) operating in an isothermal manner for high temperatures (1123 K) and high glycerol/water ratios in the feed (0.368).
    keywords: formation; glycerol; hydrogen; reaction; scwg; temperature; water
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        item: #1457 of 7527
          id: cet-11569
      author: CETJournal
       title: CET Volume 86
        date: 2021-06-15
       words: 3434
      flesch: 41
     summary: For all the doses worked, the inactivation of E. coli and intestinal E. had an increasing trend, and the highest inactivation efficiency was achieved with the D2 dose at time T2, being higher for intestinal E. bacteria. Maniakova, G., Kowalska, K., Murgolo, S., Mascolo, G., Libralato, G., Lofrano, G., Sacco, O., Guida, M., Rizzo, L., 2020, Comparison between heterogeneous and homogeneous solar driven advanced oxidation processes for urban wastewater treatment: Pharmaceuticals removal and toxicity.
    keywords: bacteria; chemical; coli; e. coli; inactivation; intestinal; tio2; treatment; wastewater
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        item: #1458 of 7527
          id: cet-1157
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - CET--006.docx
        date: 2017-07-25
       words: 2902
      flesch: 46
     summary: We mainly use the flow simulation software UniSim Design R400 to study the penicillin fermentation process, and draw the following conclusions: (1) We propose using the gravitation search algorithm to find the optimal parameters for the model and obtain the optimal kinetic equations for penicillin fermentation; (2) We establish the initialization module, supplemented medium module and fermentation tank module for the penicillin fermentation process, complete the simulated operation of penicillin fermentation and validate the feasibility of the process simulation technology in fermentation processes. DOI: 10.1016/s0304-386x(03)00155-5. Zlateva P., Denchev D., Simeonov I., Kaimaktchiev A., 2014, Mathematical modelling and simulation of fermentation process for citric acid production.
    keywords: chemical; doi; fermentation; figure; initial; penicillin; process; production; simulation
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        item: #1459 of 7527
          id: cet-11570
      author: CETJournal
       title: CET Volume 86
        date: 2021-06-15
       words: 4111
      flesch: 53
     summary: However, products obtained by plastic waste pyrolysis depend on the operational conditions and are strongly affected by the type of plastic waste used. Saptoadi, H., Rohmat, T., Sutoyo., 2016, Combustion of char from plastic wastes pyrolysis.
    keywords: composition; gas; liquid; plastic; pvc; pyrolysis; waste
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        item: #1460 of 7527
          id: cet-11571
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-11571
        date: 2021-06-22
       words: 3943
      flesch: 47
     summary: Pore size and structural properties of acid zeolites are important features in regulating diffusion of reactants and products The conversion of bio-oil oxygenates is largely dependent on whether these compounds can enter, react and diffuse from the acid sites, thus affecting the distribution and yields of final products. The raise in the 400-450 ºC range promotes the conversion of MeOH and bio-oil oxygenates into C5+ hydrocarbons (Figure 2e), which are majority products above 450 ºC.
    keywords: bio; catalyst; catalytic; coke; conversion; cracking; oil; oxygenates; reaction; zeolite
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        item: #1461 of 7527
          id: cet-11572
      author: CETJournal
       title: CET Volume 86
        date: 2021-06-15
       words: 2906
      flesch: 46
     summary: The conversion rate of those reactions depends on different operating parameters, including temperature, phosphoric acid concentration, porosity and size distribution of phosphate ore particles, residence time, solid rate and hydrodynamics (Theodosiadis et al., 2007). This paper deals with the modeling and simulation of the acidulation (dissolution) of phosphate ore particles in a dilute phosphoric acid solution in a batch stirred tank reactor.
    keywords: acid; film; liquid; ore; particles; phosphate; solid
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        item: #1462 of 7527
          id: cet-11573
      author: CETJournal
       title: CET Volume 86
        date: 2021-06-15
       words: 3160
      flesch: 37
     summary: For considering of reaction mechanism and evaluation of catalyst deactivation at high values of consumed reagent it is possible to apply additional aquation (3-4) to determine α and β change during the reaction. = − (2) Where α is the factor of catalyst irreversible deactivation, – quantity of catalyst regenerations, times.
    keywords: catalyst; deactivation; hydrocarbons; methanol; process; reaction; sites; surface; transformation; zeolite
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        item: #1463 of 7527
          id: cet-11574
      author: CETJournal
       title: CET Volume 86
        date: 2021-06-15
       words: 2940
      flesch: 48
     summary: In typical analysis 0.1 g of catalyst sample was placed in quartz cuvette, then the sample was heated up to 300°С under helium with gas volumetric flow 10 ml/min, after the sample was cooled to ambient temperature and gas flow was switched to hydrogen (10 v.%) in helium for one hour. Typically nitrobenzene hydrogenation rate is twofold higher, and process selectivity is higher for 10-15% (Jagannath, 2018).
    keywords: bar; hydrogenation; mol; nitrobenzene; reaction; sample
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        item: #1464 of 7527
          id: cet-11575
      author: CETJournal
       title: CET Volume 86
        date: 2021-06-15
       words: 3719
      flesch: 48
     summary: In turn, Seinfeld (1970) suggested using non-linear estimates to find kinetic parameters from experimental reactor data and he discussed theoretically about the accuracy of estimates in Ordinary Differential Equations (ODEs), stating that it is necessary to compute the corresponding sensitivity coefficient. The hydrogenation process of Natural Gas (NG) with high CO2 content can potentially be employed for a novel process of methanol production that avoids CO2 extraction and emission, at the same time yielding high CO2 conversion to methanol.
    keywords: catalyst; co2; data; kinetic; model; parameters; reaction; rwgs
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        item: #1465 of 7527
          id: cet-11576
      author: CETJournal
       title: CET Volume 86
        date: 2021-06-15
       words: 2992
      flesch: 59
     summary: One can observe that the minimum number of header sources are at least equal or larger than the number of Pinch Points for the system. For this example, the total no. of headers required is 4 (1 header below the Pinch, 1 header above the Pinch, freshwater header and wastewater header).
    keywords: figure; header; pinch; point; source; water
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        item: #1466 of 7527
          id: cet-11577
      author: CETJournal
       title: CET Volume 86
        date: 2021-06-15
       words: 2747
      flesch: 46
     summary: Unfortunately, this is not an easy task due to model uncertainties, nonlinear nature of the system and slow response of the process. Spigno, G., Tronci, S., 2015, Development of hybrid models for a vapor-phase fungi bioreactor, Mathematical Problems in Engineering, 2015.
    keywords: bioreactor; control; identification; model; temperature
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        item: #1467 of 7527
          id: cet-11578
      author: CETJournal
       title: CET Volume 86
        date: 2021-06-15
       words: 3402
      flesch: 46
     summary: Therefore, the procedure is the following: • given the process model and a controller designed/tuned according to a predefined technique; • analyze closed-loop response for increasing changes in process flow rate (with constant controller parameters); • determine the maximum value of changes corresponding to marginal stability conditions. Conclusions The proposed methodology permits a direct approach to the evaluation of the Maximum Allowed Changes (MAC) in process flow rate, by using different controllers.
    keywords: changes; controller; flow; flow rate; parameters; process; rate; variations
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        item: #1468 of 7527
          id: cet-11579
      author: CETJournal
       title: CET Volume 86
        date: 2021-06-15
       words: 3460
      flesch: 54
     summary: The goal of this work was dual: (i) from an industrial point of view, the main objective was to create a simulation tool for the production planning of a complex interconnected chemical site and (ii) from an academic perspective it was to verify the possibility to use a combination of simple regression models to achieve the industrial goal. A chemical value chain can be defined as a group of chemical plants, where the finished product of one serve as raw material for the next.
    keywords: data; figure; model; period; plant; production; site; validation; value
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        item: #1469 of 7527
          id: cet-1158
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - CET--006.docx
        date: 2017-07-25
       words: 2763
      flesch: 41
     summary: However, they lack the comprehensive consideration of parameters influencing CO2 absorption rate, and require high cost and sophisticated process (Gebicke et al., 1993; 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0 10% MEA 20% MEA 30% MEA ab so rp tiv ity o f C O 2 absorption solution temperature oC Figure 5: Effects of absorption solution temperature on CO2 absorption rate 550 It can be seen from the figure that when the concentration of MEA in the absorbing liquid is small, the CO2 absorption increases first and then decreases with the increase of the absorption liquid temperature.
    keywords: absorption; absorption solution; co2; gas; mea; process; rate; solution
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        item: #1470 of 7527
          id: cet-11580
      author: CETJournal
       title: CET Volume 86
        date: 2021-06-15
       words: 3195
      flesch: 56
     summary: Figure 3: Heat exchangers are cleaned once in the studied period 922 Figure 3 shows that if heat exchangers are cleaned once in the studied period. Figure 4: Heat exchangers are cleaned twice during the studied period Figure 4 shows if heat exchangers are clean twice in a certain period.
    keywords: cleaning; diagram; exchanger; fouling; heat; hen; retrofit; temperature
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        item: #1471 of 7527
          id: cet-11581
      author: CETJournal
       title: CET Volume 86
        date: 2021-06-15
       words: 2769
      flesch: 43
     summary: Of particular interest for this work are the higher energy density and lower ash content, that make hydrochar a possible feedstock for gasification plants with energy generation purposes. Ash, while not being a reactant does have significant catalytic effects on biomass gasification which are included in the kinetic package.
    keywords: biomass; gasification; htc; hydrochar; plant; steam; turbine
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        item: #1472 of 7527
          id: cet-11582
      author: CETJournal
       title: CET Volume 86
        date: 2021-06-15
       words: 3304
      flesch: 47
     summary: The treatment chain consists of Nanofiltration, crystalization and evaporation to regenerate spent brines and recover high purity magnesium and calcium hydroxides. (b) Pramanik B.K., Shu L., Jegatheesan V., A review of the management and treatment of brine solutions, Environ.
    keywords: brine; calcium; magnesium; precipitation; purity; recovery; solution; treatment; water
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        item: #1473 of 7527
          id: cet-11583
      author: CETJournal
       title: CET Volume 86
        date: 2021-06-15
       words: 3401
      flesch: 33
     summary: As the results show, the innovative calcium looping technology for post-combustion carbon capture has significant advantages in comparison to the chemical gas-liquid absorption in term of higher overall plant energy efficiency (by about 2 net energy efficiency percentage points), lower CO2 capture energy penalty (7 - 8 vs. 10 net energy efficiency percentage points), reduced specific CO2 emissions etc. 1. Results and discussions The fossil-based energy-intensive industrial applications coupled with post-combustion CO2 capture by calcium looping were simulated using ChemCAD.
    keywords: calcium; capture; carbon; cement; co2; cycle; energy; gas; looping; power
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        item: #1474 of 7527
          id: cet-11584
      author: CETJournal
       title: CET Volume 86
        date: 2021-06-15
       words: 2888
      flesch: 58
     summary: The range of mean sizes permitted by the model is between 120 microns and 165 microns while the range of the standard deviation is between 48 to 64 microns. We only reward the agent (+1 for mean size and +0.1 for variance) when the state values are sufficiently close to the target values.
    keywords: algorithms; crystallization; mean; policy; size; state; variance
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        item: #1475 of 7527
          id: cet-11585
      author: CETJournal
       title: CET Volume 86
        date: 2021-06-15
       words: 2734
      flesch: 49
     summary: Figure 1: Simulink model of decoupled PI controller for EG MIMO process = 0.9 , = 0.3 (6) Where: is controller gain, is controller time constant. Decoupling control has been employed in many sectors involving chemical engineering and manufacturing.
    keywords: control; controller; cv1; cv2; decoupler; decoupling; production
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        item: #1476 of 7527
          id: cet-11586
      author: CETJournal
       title: CET Volume 86
        date: 2021-06-15
       words: 2202
      flesch: 58
     summary: From this base-case crude preheat train, the energy consumption of hot and cold utilities, and the area of heat exchanger and utilities are identified as base-case are shown in Table 2. 956 Figure 2: Existing process flow diagram for base-case crude preheat train by PRO/II Table 1: Process streams and economic cost data. The difference between these two results comes from the difference of LMTD approximation and the inlet and outlet temperature of heat exchanger and utilities.
    keywords: base; case; crude; heat; hen; hot; process
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        item: #1477 of 7527
          id: cet-11587
      author: CETJournal
       title: CET Volume 86
        date: 2021-06-15
       words: 2478
      flesch: 43
     summary: True boiling point curves of the selected feeds are given in Figure 2; the relative process date and sulfur content are shown in Table 1 next to the resulting temperature outputs of the optimization, aiming minimum sulfur content in the product. For the opposite case, lower temperature setpoints for high sulfur feeds do not reach the required sulfur removal; therefore, either further processing or blending costs should be included.
    keywords: content; feed; optimization; results; sulfur; temperature
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        item: #1478 of 7527
          id: cet-11588
      author: CETJournal
       title: CET Volume 86
        date: 2021-06-15
       words: 3215
      flesch: 43
     summary: Mannan, M. S., Sachdeva, S., Chen, H., Reyes-Valdes, O., Liu, Y., & Laboureur, D. M., 2015, Trends and challenges in process safety, AIChE Journal, 61(11), 3558–3569. Nolan, D. P., 2011, 11 - Emergency Shutdown, In Handbook of Fire and Explosion Protection Engineering Principles, 119–126, William Andrew, New York, USA. This procedure is demonstrated by designing safety functions in an emergency shut down of a seawater deaeration process in a seawater injection system.
    keywords: emergency; functions; mfm; objectives; process; safety; shutdown; system
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        item: #1479 of 7527
          id: cet-11589
      author: CETJournal
       title: CET Volume 86
        date: 2021-06-15
       words: 2776
      flesch: 54
     summary: In case 4, however, vent A showed exhaust fumes with minimal mixing of air and fumes at a relatively low air flow rate (Figure 9(b)). However, when using the epoxy fume exhaust process, the process time is delayed owing to the curing process, and a longer process time leads to problems in insulation quality.
    keywords: case; epoxy; exhaust; fume; pressure; tank; vent
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        item: #1480 of 7527
          id: cet-1159
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - CET--006.docx
        date: 2017-07-25
       words: 3447
      flesch: 49
     summary: Xu W.D., Zheng H.P., Lang X.M., Chen Y.J., Fan S.S., 2010, Recycling of natural gas pressure energy from high-pressure pipeline network. With the expansion of the liquefied natural gas market, the city's natural gas operators have also established their own natural gas liquefaction factory in natural gas station.
    keywords: control; dcs; energy; gas; lng; pressure; process; production; station; system
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        item: #1481 of 7527
          id: cet-11590
      author: CETJournal
       title: CET Volume 86
        date: 2021-06-15
       words: 3664
      flesch: 45
     summary: A volume of 100 L of oily effluent added from the collector individually used in the process in the following volumes: crude biosurfactant from B. methylotrophicus (1.5 L), formulated biosurfactant from B. methylotrophicus (1.5 L), isolated biosurfactant from B. methylotrophicus at ½ x CMC (300 mg/L) and the commercial collectors of SIGMA-ALDRICH at ½ x CMC (150 mg/L) and sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) (1.2 mg/L), were homogenized for approximately 30 minutes to obtain a distribution uniform between water/oil/collector. The IPSC system obtained a 7.0% increase in oil removal efficiency compared to horizontal DAF, using the same biosurfactant produced by B. methylotrophicus.
    keywords: biosurfactant; effluent; flotation; methylotrophicus; oil; process; removal
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        item: #1482 of 7527
          id: cet-11591
      author: CETJournal
       title: CET Volume 86
        date: 2021-06-15
       words: 2534
      flesch: 41
     summary: On the other hand, control systems should use mathematical models as simple as possible to avoid high computer resource usage and numerical problems. Table 3: Comparison of the adaptive and standard control system performance Control type IAE Standard PI Adaptive PI Disturbance rejection 0.00408 0.001662 Setpoint tracking and disturbance rejection 0.01261 0.009852 Analysis of the simulation results (Figures 5a and 5b) shows that in the late phases of the cultivation process the adaptive controller decreases the overshoot by approx.
    keywords: adaptive; control; controller; parameter; process; system
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        item: #1483 of 7527
          id: cet-11592
      author: CETJournal
       title: CET Volume 86
        date: 2021-06-15
       words: 3845
      flesch: 53
     summary: First, optimal design for two configurations of the hybrid osmosis system (i.e., RO-PRO and PRO-RO systems) is investigated. The variations of optimal STMA due to feed condition changes for RO-PRO and PRO-RO systems exhibit similar trends.
    keywords: membrane; operation; osmosis; pro; stand; system; water
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        item: #1484 of 7527
          id: cet-11593
      author: CETJournal
       title: CET Volume 86
        date: 2021-06-15
       words: 2911
      flesch: 43
     summary: The configuration for methane control is therefore formed by three loops. An accurate real-time estimation of such variables can indeed improve control performances.
    keywords: control; figure; flow; methane; process; rate; recovery; temperature
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        item: #1485 of 7527
          id: cet-11594
      author: CETJournal
       title: CET Volume 86
        date: 2021-06-15
       words: 3869
      flesch: 52
     summary: The aim of the present study is to investigate a CLC process in fixed bed reactors by exploiting the peculiarities of two-stage CLC, starting from material/energy balance toward techno-economic analysis. The rector network was designed by accounting for the main plant components, namely: air/methane compressors, fixed bed reactors with OCs, high-temperature outlet valves for gas switching, gas turbine.
    keywords: bed; chemical; clc; combustion; looping; reactor; temperature
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        item: #1486 of 7527
          id: cet-11595
      author: CETJournal
       title: CET Volume 86
        date: 2021-06-15
       words: 3215
      flesch: 52
     summary: In this way, through p1 with the mass fraction of xylitol free of cells (zp), the high conversion of xylose and glucose is driven; through p2, it is guaranteed that the broth volume will be lower than the reactor volume (VR), and that there will be at least a Pmin of xylitol concentration, through p3. A Genetic Algorithm was implemented, firstly considering the most likely practical case of constant feed flows, and later partitioning the process time in several intervals, along which the feed flows are allowed to change.
    keywords: concentration; feed; process; xylitol; xylose
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        item: #1487 of 7527
          id: cet-11596
      author: CETJournal
       title: CET Volume 86
        date: 2021-06-15
       words: 3716
      flesch: 45
     summary: Musa I.A., 2016, The effects of alcohol to oil molar ratios and the type of alcohol on biodiesel production using transesterification process, Egyptian Journal of Petetroleum, 25, 21–31. Figure 1: Biodiesel production process using a hybrid route and with energy-saving heat exchangers The energy-saving heat exchangers were represented in the process as HX-08, HX-09, and HX-10.
    keywords: acid; biodiesel; cost; ethanol; oil; process; reaction; transesterification; use
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        item: #1488 of 7527
          id: cet-11597
      author: CETJournal
       title: CET Volume 86
        date: 2021-06-15
       words: 3160
      flesch: 45
     summary: The control of different process alternatives for the ABE process was 1021 considered by Sanchez-Ramirez et al. In this regard, taking advantage of the principles of process intensification, a combination of liquid-liquid extraction and advanced distillation technologies could be used to increase the concentration of the diluted stream and then purify the main product.
    keywords: butanol; configurations; control; figure; green; liquid; process; properties
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        item: #1489 of 7527
          id: cet-11598
      author: CETJournal
       title: CET Volume 86
        date: 2021-06-15
       words: 2818
      flesch: 39
     summary: The research in this specific direction is quite dynamic and many results have been presented in recent studies, i.e. separation of Volatile Organic Compounds (VOC) from wastewater using hybrid distillation and pervaporation membranes process (Sommer and Melin, 2004), separation of ethyl acetate-ethanol mixture (Parvez et al., 2012), ethyl acetate-ethanol-methanol (León and Fontalvo, 2018), acetone-butanol- ethanol (Tóth et al., 2019), isobutanol (Omidali et al., 2014), isopropanol (Van Hoof et al., 2004), (Hassankhan and Raisi, 2020), tetrahydrofuran (Koczka et al., 2007), ethanol (Haelssig et al., 2011), and methanol (Luis et al., 2014) from aqueous mixture. Numerical investigation of Membrane Dephlegmation: A hybrid pervaporation–distillation process for ethanol recovery.
    keywords: distillation; ethanol; figure; hybrid; pervaporation; system; water
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        item: #1490 of 7527
          id: cet-11599
      author: CETJournal
       title: CET Volume 86
        date: 2021-06-15
       words: 3942
      flesch: 43
     summary: It is important to state that, within this first set of tests, the main aim is not to obtain high removal efficiencies for all combinations: the goal is to establish the relative sensitivity of the system in terms of separation efficiency with respect to its main operative parameters. The preliminary testing was conducted with the main aim of addressing the water purification extent on synthetic water and on wastewater samples from an industrial sewage treatment plant.
    keywords: chromium; concentration; efficiency; mnps; removal; table; tests; treatment; wastewater; water
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        item: #1491 of 7527
          id: cet-116
      author: TW
       title: cet-116
        date: 2017-10-04
       words: 1834
      flesch: 45
     summary: This result was received with column models, which have 100 395 elementary cells, and a simulation step is 0.1 s. Increase of elementary cells number or decrease a simulation step will lead to result that is not more accurate. The flow rate varies with the appearance of curium at the inlet of column and its value decreases by technological requirements. 2.2 Optimisation algorithm of columns cascade The main purpose of separation columns is production of pure fractions of americium, curium and other elements from their mixture.
    keywords: algorithm; cascade; column; optimisation; output; separation
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        item: #1492 of 7527
          id: cet-1160
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - CET--006.docx
        date: 2017-07-25
       words: 2800
      flesch: 60
     summary: 59, 2017 A publication of The Italian Association of Chemical Engineering Online at www.aidic.it/cet Guest Editors: Zhuo Yang, Junjie Ba, Jing Pan Copyright © 2017, AIDIC Servizi S.r.l. ISBN 978-88-95608- 49-5; ISSN 2283-9216 Research on the Prediction of Nickel-metal Hydride Battery Capacity based on Artificial Intelligence Algorithm Yuhong Du Hebi Automotive Engineering Professional College, Hebi 458030, China muzi598@163.com With the development of the modern society, nickel metal hydride battery has been paid attention to by scholars and manufacturers. Nickel metal hydride battery is an ideal power source for hybrid electric vehicles due to its high specific energy, high specific power and zero pollution.
    keywords: algorithm; battery; hydride; metal; network; neural; nickel
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        item: #1493 of 7527
          id: cet-11600
      author: CETJournal
       title: CET Volume 86
        date: 2021-06-15
       words: 3496
      flesch: 47
     summary: [v/v] Temperature [°C] Effect of HCl concentration 3 1 0 20 10 1 0 20 20 1 0 20 Effect of NaCl concentration 3 1 0.1 20 3 1 0.5 20 3 1 1 20 Effect of the temperature 3 1 1 50 3 1 1 70 Experimental results consisted of time courses of copper concentrations, which were modelled according to the Lagergren equation (Hossain, 2015) described in the following Eq.(1) and Eq.(2): − ( ) = [ − ( )]= 0 ( ) = 0 (1) Eq.(1) represents a mass balance on the batch leaching reactor, where the extraction of the precious metal is performed. Since noble metals concentration is limited in mineral reservoirs, the industrial production from secondary resources became particularly interesting.
    keywords: concentration; copper; figure; hcl; leaching; metals; nacl; waste
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        item: #1494 of 7527
          id: cet-11601
      author: CETJournal
       title: CET Volume 86
        date: 2021-06-16
       words: 3259
      flesch: 48
     summary: With the perspective of a circular approach, beside the acid recovery, successfully obtained in a diffusion dialysis unit (Gueccia et al., 2019; Gueccia et al., 2020), also the recovery of the heavy metals present in pickling solutions should be taken in consideration. Conclusions A lab-scale CSTR has been used to assess the feasibility of reactive precipitation to fractionally separate Fe and Zn from pickling solutions.
    keywords: metals; pickling; precipitation; process; recovery; solution
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        item: #1495 of 7527
          id: cet-11603
      author: CETJournal
       title: CET Volume 86
        date: 2021-06-15
       words: 3165
      flesch: 62
     summary: n-Hexane, Mole % 0.060 0.061 0.063 0.063 0.055 0.056 n-Heptane, Mole % 0.012 0.014 0.025 0.026 0.001 0.001 n-Octane, Mole % 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 n-Nonane, Mole % 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 Flow rate kmol/h 14,052 13,851 15,970 15,876 11,803 11,684 Reboiler duty, 108 kJ/h 6.528 6.490 6.473 6.476 6.551 6.629 Condenser, 108 kJ/h 3.482 3.493 3.490 3.496 3.479 3.473 Cooler1 duty, 108 kJ/h 1.272 1.312 1.255 1.278 1.292 1.355 Cooler2 duty, 107 kJ/h 8.715 8.136 8.381 8.060 8.851 8.964 Pump1 105 kJ/h 8.617 8.642 8.634 8.646 8.610 8.604 Pump2 106 kJ/h 6.553 6.546 6.549 6.545 6.554 6.555 Figure 2: Raw gas flow rate vs. CO2 concentration (vol %) in the sweet gas stream for different scenarios 2.2. But Sahel gas plant had a different behaviour, where the addition of Piperazine led to deviation of H2S from the required specification.
    keywords: co2; gas; h2s; mdea; sweetening
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        item: #1496 of 7527
          id: cet-11604
      author: CETJournal
       title: CET Volume 86
        date: 2021-06-15
       words: 3394
      flesch: 46
     summary: Mathematical models (Korsmeyer-Peppas and Peppas-Sahlin) were applied to define the mechanism of drug release. The experimental data until day seven were fitted to two of the most widely used models for drug release: Korsmeyer-Peppas and Peppas-Sahlin.
    keywords: diffusion; drug; impregnation; ketoprofen; peppas; pla; polymer; release
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        item: #1497 of 7527
          id: cet-11605
      author: CETJournal
       title: CET Volume 86
        date: 2021-06-15
       words: 3704
      flesch: 42
     summary: In particular, CO2 adsorption on zeolites presents isosteric heats in the range of 33 to 41 kJ/mol (Lee et al., 2002; Harper et al., 1969). The model accounts only for CO2 adsorption and a linear driving force (LDF) approach is considered for adsorption kinetics (Gholami and Talaie, 2010).
    keywords: adsorption; bed; co2; concentration; gas; model; sorbent; temperature; time
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        item: #1498 of 7527
          id: cet-11606
      author: CETJournal
       title: CET Volume 86
        date: 2021-06-15
       words: 2604
      flesch: 50
     summary: Gas membrane separation also evinces safety and environmental friendless because there is no requirement to use hazardous chemicals, e.g. as demanded by conventional CO2 separation by absorption (Boulmal et al., 2017). Generally known, gas membrane separation is a pressure-driven process that uses different diffusivities of individual gas components in a membrane cartridge to separate them.
    keywords: co2; flue; gas; membrane; separation; vol
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        item: #1499 of 7527
          id: cet-11607
      author: CETJournal
       title: CET Volume 86
        date: 2021-06-15
       words: 2988
      flesch: 49
     summary: Methanol adsorption in silica gel at 250 ºC is negligible, as it was previously discussed. In Figure 2b, it is observed that methanol pulses of 3A zeolite and silica alumina are alike, so they are adsorbed with similar strength.
    keywords: alumina; gel; methanol; silica; water; zeolite
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        item: #1500 of 7527
          id: cet-11608
      author: CETJournal
       title: CET Volume 86
        date: 2021-06-21
       words: 3621
      flesch: 53
     summary: Table 1: Kinetics models parameters of nitrates adsorption on Mg-Al-LDH 3.4 Adsorption isotherms Equilibrium adsorption characteristics of Mg-Al-LDH can be determined using the two following classic models, Freundlich and Langmuir, to investigate nitrates adsorption isotherms. Application of Mg-Al-LDH for nitrates adsorption released from photovoltaïc discharges The optimized operating conditions, previously determined (1g of Mg-Al-LDH, contact time=3
    keywords: adsorbent; adsorption; ldh; model; nitrates; solution
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        item: #1501 of 7527
          id: cet-11609
      author: CETJournal
       title: CET Volume 86
        date: 2021-06-15
       words: 3525
      flesch: 50
     summary: In this context, this work presents the equilibrium study of water adsorption from dimethyl sulfoxide, a solvent commonly considered for electrolytes of Li-O2 batteries, using 3A zeolites as the adsorbate. Other studies consider water concentrations up to 100% to completely saturate the zeolite adsorption capacity (Carmo & Gubulin, 1997; Gabruś et al., 2015), but in this case, there is a high influence of the low water concentration in DMSO and the hygroscopic nature of DMSO.
    keywords: adsorption; batteries; ethanol; figure; solvent; water; zeolite
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        item: #1502 of 7527
          id: cet-1161
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - CET--006.docx
        date: 2017-07-25
       words: 2798
      flesch: 64
     summary: So, reducing the data transmission between sensor nodes becomes an effective way to reduce the energy consumption of sensor networks. With the increase of nodes, the energy consumption of sensor network is gradually improved.
    keywords: algorithm; data; fusion; sensor; t t
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        item: #1503 of 7527
          id: cet-11610
      author: CETJournal
       title: CET Volume 86
        date: 2021-06-15
       words: 3435
      flesch: 34
     summary: Dias M.O.S., Junqueira T.L., Cavalett O., Cunha M.P., Jesus C.D.F., Rossell C.E. V, Filho R.M., Bonomi A., 2012, Integrated versus stand-alone second generation ethanol production from sugarcane bagasse and trash, Bioresource Technology, 103, 152–161. Kim Y.H., 2016, Design and control of energy-efficient distillation columns, Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering, 33, 2513–2521. Kiss A.A., Landaeta S.J.F., Ferreira C.A.I., 2012, Towards energy efficient distillation technologies - Making the right choice, Energy, 47, 531–542. Marangoni C., Meneguelo A.P., Teleken J.G., Werle L.O., Milanez K.W., Mantelli M.B.H., Quadri M.B., Bolzan A., dos Santos M.C., Medina L.C., Machado R.A.F., 2019a, Falling film distillation column with heat transfer by means of a vapor chamber – part I: isothermal operation, Chemical Engineering Communications, 206, 994–1005. Pires A.P.B., da Silva Filho V.F., Alves J.L.F., Marangoni C., Bolzan A., Machado R.A.F., 2020, Application of a new pilot-scale distillation system for monoethylene glycol recovery using an energy saving falling film distillation column, Chemical Engineering Research and Design, 153, 263–275. Querino M.V, Marangoni C., Machado R.A.F., 2018, Indirect series of falling film distillation column to process synthetic naphtha, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 69, 679–684. Saifutdinov A.F., Tlusty A., Beketov O.E., Ladushkin V.S., 1999, Separation method of multi components mixtures B01D314-328.
    keywords: distillation; ethanol; film; mixture; temperature; unit; water
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        item: #1504 of 7527
          id: cet-11611
      author: CETJournal
       title: CET Volume 86
        date: 2021-06-15
       words: 3803
      flesch: 52
     summary: ASTM D1298, 2017, Standard Test Method for Density, Relative Density, or API Gravity of Crude Petroleum and Liquid Petroleum Products by Hydrometer Method. ASTM D2622, 2016, Standard Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum Products by Wavelength Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence Spectrometry.
    keywords: astm; boiling; method; oil; oils; petroleum; standard; test
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        item: #1505 of 7527
          id: cet-11612
      author: CETJournal
       title: CET Volume 86
        date: 2021-06-15
       words: 3711
      flesch: 46
     summary: The results showed that the number of CO2 molecules retained in the graphite framework decreases at higher temperatures and lower pressures, in accordance with the exothermicity of the process, and smaller pore sizes promote CO2 adsorption at the tested pressures, due to the superposition of the Van der Waals force given by two adjacent walls of slit pores. Liu Y., Wilcox J., 2012c, Molecular simulation of CO2 adsorption in micro- and mesoporous carbons with surface heterogeneity.
    keywords: adsorption; carbon; co2; molecules; oil; palm; pore; simulations
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        item: #1506 of 7527
          id: cet-11613
      author: CETJournal
       title: CET Volume 86
        date: 2021-06-15
       words: 3813
      flesch: 49
     summary: The pAAm-co-SA hydrogel was employed inside the HDST, and the point at 150 min was not included because it was considered an outlier. 1120 Figure 2: Outlet Water Content in Biodiesel for EXP1 During the experiment, a considerable reduction of water content was reached (up to 94.1 %), and it can be noted that from the first experimental point (after 30 minutes of operation of the bed), only small oscillations happened. Water contents between 1397 ppm and 2371 ppm were observed in the HDST outlet stream, what makes possible to affirm that practically all the free water was removed.
    keywords: biodiesel; content; fregolente; hydrogel; paam; removal; water
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        item: #1507 of 7527
          id: cet-11614
      author: CETJournal
       title: CET Volume 86
        date: 2021-06-15
       words: 2946
      flesch: 49
     summary: Protic ionic liquids (PILs) are potential candidates to replace organic solvents in electrochemical applications due to their interesting characteristics such as low flammability, low vapor pressure, high ionic conductivity, and high thermal stability (Macfarlane et al., 2014). Moreover, information on the transport properties of the PILs is obtained by diffusion NMR.
    keywords: chemical; dbuh; diffusion; ionic; nmr; pils; proton; transport
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        item: #1508 of 7527
          id: cet-11615
      author: CETJournal
       title: CET Volume 86
        date: 2021-06-15
       words: 2630
      flesch: 39
     summary: Fregolente P.B.L., Fregolente L.V., Maciel M.R.W., 2012, Water content in biodiesel, diesel, and biodiesel- diesel blends, Journal of Chemical and Engineering Data, 57 (6), 1817–1821. 1133 Fregolente P.B.L., Gonçalves H.L., Maciel M.R.W., Fregolente L.V., 2018, Swelling Degree and Diffusion Parameters of Poly(Sodium Acrylate-Co-Acrylamide) Hydrogel for Removal of Water Content From Biodiesel, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 65, 445–450. Fregolente P.B.L., Maciel M.R.W., Oliveira L.S., 2015, Removal of water content from biodiesel and diesel fuel using hydrogel adsorbents, Brazilian Journal of Chemical Engineering, 32 (04), 895–901.
    keywords: biodiesel; content; fregolente; hydrogel; paam; process; spa; water
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        item: #1509 of 7527
          id: cet-11616
      author: CETJournal
       title: CET Volume 86
        date: 2021-06-15
       words: 3906
      flesch: 49
     summary: Based on correlations from the literature for single impeller stirred tanks (Nienow et al., 1977), at four selected combinations of impeller speed, N, and gas flow rate, QG, the loading flow regime establishes and gas cavities are expected behind the blades of the lowest impeller. The differences between the impellers positioned at different axial heights are assessed both in terms of gassed to ungassed power ratio and of gas flow rate treated by each turbine, showing that very a different behavior is obtained on the lowest impeller, with respect to the upper ones, thus providing a tool to quantify the individual impeller performances.
    keywords: case; distribution; figure; gas; impeller; model; power; rate; volume
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        item: #1510 of 7527
          id: cet-11617
      author: CETJournal
       title: CET Volume 86
        date: 2021-06-15
       words: 3018
      flesch: 48
     summary: Such broad diffusion is due to their easiness in construction operation and in versatility, together with their excellent performance in mass and heat transfer provided by the motion of gas bubbles without the movement of any mechanical part. The main goal of this work is the investigation of the impact of solid particles on the overall and local fluid dynamics of bubble columns and the comparison their behavior to the analogous two-phase systems.
    keywords: bubble; column; gas; hold; liquid; particles; phase
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        item: #1511 of 7527
          id: cet-11618
      author: CETJournal
       title: CET Volume 86
        date: 2021-06-15
       words: 3229
      flesch: 50
     summary: First, increasing the gradient of colloid concentration between the two channels by a factor of 10 increases the pressure drop by a factor of ~3.2 in the advection – osmosis equilibrium state. Second, including higher-order terms from the hard-sphere repulsion model (via the Carnahan-Starling equation of state) can increase colloid concentrations near the membrane by ~30%.
    keywords: attraction; colloid; concentration; flow; interactions; model; pressure
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        item: #1512 of 7527
          id: cet-11619
      author: CETJournal
       title: CET Volume 86
        date: 2021-06-15
       words: 3174
      flesch: 49
     summary: However, a great deal of applications involve particles possessing generic geometries and flow systems confined by rigid walls. This poses interesting transport issues as, owing to the fluctuation-dissipation theorem in isothermal conditions, the effective transport parameters (diffusivity tensor) do depend on particle position within the hydrodynamic device.
    keywords: drag; particle; plane
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        item: #1513 of 7527
          id: cet-1162
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - CET--006.docx
        date: 2017-07-25
       words: 2711
      flesch: 53
     summary: The flow chart of particle swarm optimization algorithm is as follows. Figure 1: Flow chart of particle swarm optimization algorithm
    keywords: algorithm; chemical; distribution; management; optimization; particle; swarm
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        item: #1514 of 7527
          id: cet-11620
      author: CETJournal
       title: CET Volume 86
        date: 2021-06-15
       words: 3878
      flesch: 50
     summary: Figure 3f depicts the dismembering of oil cluster and also oil remobilization induced by low salinity solution. The intention was to achieve, besides the immiscible displacement process, oil remobilization due to the modification of interfacial properties of fluids and wettability caused by low salinity of the injected brine.
    keywords: brine; figure; injection; oil; rock; salinity; sample; solution; system
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        item: #1515 of 7527
          id: cet-11621
      author: CETJournal
       title: CET Volume 86
        date: 2021-06-15
       words: 3715
      flesch: 43
     summary: Mixing of the two solutions begins at the impinging zone and further proceeds into the vertical channel, which is also typically called mixing channel. Mixing time was of the same order of magnitude of the solutions residence time in the mixing zone.
    keywords: channel; mixer; mixing; solutions; times
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        item: #1516 of 7527
          id: cet-11622
      author: CETJournal
       title: CET Volume 86
        date: 2021-06-15
       words: 3197
      flesch: 46
     summary: The effect of salinity on the rheological behavior of the generated formulations (NP suspensions and polymer solutions) was evaluated. Deparment of Chemical Engineering .Journal of Colloid and Interface Science 216, 320–328 (1999) Pi G., Li Y., Bao M., Mao L., Gong H., Wang Key Z., 2016, Novel and Environmentally Friendly Oil Spill Dispersant Based on the Synergy of Biopolymer Xanthan Gum and Silica Nanoparticles, Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology, Ocean University of China, China Saleh H.M., Annuar M.S.M., Simarani K., 2017, Ultrasound degradation of xanthan polymer in aqueous solution: Its scission mechanism and the effect of NaCl incorporation, Ultrasonics Sonochemistry, 39, 250- 261 Sheng J. J., 2011, Modern Chemical Enhanced Oil Recovery: Theory and Practice, Elsevier,USA.
    keywords: nanofluids; polymer; ppm; solutions; time; viscosity; xanthan
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        item: #1517 of 7527
          id: cet-11623
      author: CETJournal
       title: CET Volume 86
        date: 2021-06-15
       words: 3556
      flesch: 58
     summary: Based on the obtained correlations, gas bubbles diameter was determined using the Eq. There is a great number of experimental works dealing with determination of the hydrodynamic properties of gas bubbles rising in a stagnant liquid, but not many cover the case of co- current flow of dispersed gas and liquid.
    keywords: bubble; drag; figure; flow; gas; liquid; velocity
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        item: #1518 of 7527
          id: cet-11624
      author: CETJournal
       title: CET Volume 86
        date: 2021-06-17
       words: 3390
      flesch: 41
     summary: CH4 gas flow rate for the investigated inlet configurations vin=0.3 m/s vin=0.5 m/s vin=0.7 m/s Inlet holes number CH4 Flow rate [m 3/s] CH4 Flow rate [m 3/s] CH4 Flow rate [m 3/s] 1 2.12 x 10-5 3.5 x 10-5 4.9 x 10-5 10 2.12 x 10-4 3.5 x 10-4 4.9 x 10-4 3. Results and discussion The non-dimensional group Re, Sc, and Sh were equal to 1004, 598 and 876, respectively, highlighting the condition of the incipient turbulence regime. In Figure 2, CH4 mass transfer rate as a function of time for the investigated inlet velocities is shown for 1-hole (Figure 2.a) and 10-holes (Figure 2.b) inlet configurations.
    keywords: bubble; ch4; column; gas; inlet; liquid; mass; transfer
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        item: #1519 of 7527
          id: cet-11625
      author: CETJournal
       title: CET Volume 86
        date: 2021-06-15
       words: 3007
      flesch: 59
     summary: Yao B.P., Zheng C., Gasche H. E., Hofmann H.,1991, Bubble behaviour and flow structure of bubble columns, Chemical Engineer Process, 29, 65-75. Wu Y., Al-Dahhan M.H., 2001 Prediction of axial liquid velocity profile in bubble column, Chemical engineering Science, 56, 1127-1130. Despite the model chosen in this article does not consider the reaction rate, bubble columns usually feature complex hydrodynamic interactions that requires a high computational effort for modelling.
    keywords: bubble; column; liquid; velocity; − ∙; ∙ −; ∙ ∙
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        item: #1520 of 7527
          id: cet-11626
      author: CETJournal
       title: CET Volume 86
        date: 2021-06-15
       words: 3769
      flesch: 55
     summary: Concepts and realization of microstructure heat exchangers for enhanced heat transfer. A publication of The Italian Association of Chemical Engineering Online at www.cetjournal.it Guest Editors: Sauro Pierucci, Jiří Jaromír Klemeš Copyright © 2021, AIDIC Servizi S.r.l. ISBN 978-88-95608-84-6; ISSN 2283-9216 Design, Manufacturing, and Numerical Simulation of a Tube- in-Tube High-Temperature Heat Exchanger with Microstructures to Enhance Heat Transfer Andrea C. Hurtado Riveraa,*, Frank B. Löfflerb, Ethel C. Bucharskyb, Karl G. Schellb, Emma S. Thompsonc, Nikolaus Nestlec, Hannah Schreyerc, Jan G. Korvinka, Jürgen J. Brandnera a Institute of Microstructure Technology (IMT), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany b Institute for Applied Materials – Ceramic Materials and Technologies (IAM-KWT), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany c BASF SE, Ludwigshafen, Germany andrea.rivera@kit.edu The ever-increasing demands of the industry for higher power densities in heat transfer have led to the miniaturization of heat exchangers, which have been proven to provide an increased heat transfer capacity.
    keywords: ceramic; cleaning; exchanger; heat; heat exchanger; manufacturing; transfer
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        item: #1521 of 7527
          id: cet-11627
      author: CETJournal
       title: CET Volume 86
        date: 2021-06-15
       words: 3090
      flesch: 52
     summary: Kim L.A., Brener A.M., 1998, Non-local equations of heat and mass transfer with allowance for cross effects, Theoretical Foundation of Chemical Engineering, 32(3), 213-215. Lyakhovsky V., Hamiel Y., Ben-Zion Y., 2011, A non-local visco-elastic damage model and dynamic fracturing, Journal of the Mechanics and Physics of Solids, 59. Sobolev S.L., 1994, Equations of transfer in non-local media, Int.
    keywords: brener; equation; form; kernels; media; relaxation; transfer; whitham
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        item: #1522 of 7527
          id: cet-11628
      author: CETJournal
       title: CET Volume 86
        date: 2021-06-15
       words: 2327
      flesch: 47
     summary: Non-Newtonian liquids were milky-white and were filmed on black background. 3. Results and discussion 3.1 Rheometry of non-Newtonian liquids The rheological characteristics of both CMC+MIC suspensions are shown in Figure 4.
    keywords: channel; displacement; droplet; figure; liquid; nasal; surface
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        item: #1523 of 7527
          id: cet-11629
      author: CETJournal
       title: CET Volume 86
        date: 2021-06-15
       words: 3959
      flesch: 46
     summary: Absorption spectra of NPs dispersions in toluene were acquired by using a Cary Varian 5000 equipped with an UV-vis monochromator in the wavelength range 400-800 nm and 290-400 nm for Au NPs and ZnO NPs, respectively, with a resolution of 1 nm. Thin films of the nanocomposites consisting of Cyl-PSMMA and Au NPs were prepared by spin coating a toluene solution containing 2 wt% BCP and 0.1 wt% Au NPs onto glass supports, and successive exposure at room temperature to dichloromethane vapors for 20 min. Nanocomposites based on Lam-PSMMA matrix and ZnO NPs were prepared by spin coating a toluene solution containing 1 wt% BCP and 0.1 wt% ZnO NPs onto ITO-RCP supports, and successive thermal annealing in vacuum at 190 °C per 24 h.
    keywords: annealing; bcps; figure; films; lamellar; nanodomains; nps; psmma; solvent; supports; zno
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        item: #1524 of 7527
          id: cet-1163
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - CET--006.docx
        date: 2017-07-25
       words: 2669
      flesch: 41
     summary: In this paper, in light of the toxic gas leaks in chemical production plant areas, we conduct dynamic monitoring on hazardous gases like methane and formaldehyde, select appropriate sensor chips and gas sensors, and complete the wireless sensor network in the self-organized form based on the wireless sensor zigbee protocol, and then achieve the information exchange between the wireless sensor network and PC through appropriate portals and design and implement a hazardous gas monitoring system. Conclusions We deploy a number of wireless sensor gas detection nodes in the complex chemical production area, and establish a hazardous gas monitoring system based on WSN through the ZigBee mode.
    keywords: chemical; doi; engineering; gas; monitoring; network; production; sensor; system; transactions
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        item: #1525 of 7527
          id: cet-11630
      author: CETJournal
       title: CET Volume 86
        date: 2021-06-15
       words: 3246
      flesch: 50
     summary: The carbonyl signal of the polymers containing metal stearates under photo degradation shows deep and sharp peaks after few days of exposition, but the CF2 shown in Figure 2 (d) was the formulation with the deepest signals of carbonyl in all the prepared samples. Figure 3 presents the behaviour of the CI of pure copolymer and the prepared formulations under photo degradation and thermal degradation.
    keywords: copolymer; degradation; ethylene; figure; metal; norbornene; oxidation; photo; samples; test
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        item: #1526 of 7527
          id: cet-11631
      author: CETJournal
       title: CET Volume 86
        date: 2021-06-15
       words: 2556
      flesch: 43
     summary: Different processes have been proposed using supercritical carbon dioxide: - Supercritical foaming (Di Maio and Kiran, 2018) - Supercritical phase inversion (Cardea et al., 2006) - Supercritical electrospinning (Baldino et al., 2019) - Supercritical gel drying (Baldino et al., 2015) - Supercritical impregnation (Caputo et al. 2010) Among these techniques, in this work we focused our attention on supercritical phase inversion process.
    keywords: carbon; concentration; phase; polymer; process; structures
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        item: #1527 of 7527
          id: cet-11632
      author: CETJournal
       title: CET Volume 86
        date: 2021-06-15
       words: 3749
      flesch: 54
     summary: At longer curing periods, the lowest and the highest compressive strength values have always been found for OPC-based and for BC 035-based mortars, respectively. 1232 Table 1: Chemical and mineralogical composition for BC and OPC, wt% Chemical composition (wt%) Mineralogical phase composition (wt%) BC OPC BC OPC ICDD Ref. At all the investigated curing periods, a trimodal pore size distribution is observed for OPC pastes while BC systems show a different Curing time, days (square root)
    keywords: 035; 050; belite; cement; curing; days; opc
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        item: #1528 of 7527
          id: cet-11633
      author: CETJournal
       title: CET Volume 86
        date: 2021-06-15
       words: 3366
      flesch: 50
     summary: For P1 and P3 bismuth composites no melting peak was observed. In the case of tin composites (Figure 3 a - c), discrete particles are observed distributed in a more or less uniform way.
    keywords: bismuth; composites; figure; materials; particles; polymer; tin
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        item: #1529 of 7527
          id: cet-11634
      author: CETJournal
       title: CET Volume 86
        date: 2021-06-15
       words: 3786
      flesch: 46
     summary: In addition, a further reduction in carbon dioxide emissions can be achieved diluting CSA cements with supplementary cementitious materials (SCMs) such as industrial wastes. CSA cements have attracted the interest of the international cement community thanks to their valuable technical properties as well as the eco-friendly features of their manufacturing process (Gartner et al., 2015; Marroccoli et al., 2009; Marroccoli et al., 2010a; Marroccoli et al., 2010b; Telesca et al., 2016; Telesca et al., 2019a; Telesca et al., 2019b).
    keywords: bfas; calcium; cement; csa; curing; days; hydration; sulfoaluminate; telesca
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        item: #1530 of 7527
          id: cet-11635
      author: CETJournal
       title: CET Volume 86
        date: 2021-06-15
       words: 3608
      flesch: 50
     summary: Figure 1: GPC curves of: binder B before and after PAV aging (left); binder B-PAV before and after addition of the RJ (right). Rejuvenated binders with different oil content were prepared and evaluated.
    keywords: aging; binder; curves; figure; pav; rtfo; weight
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        item: #1531 of 7527
          id: cet-11636
      author: CETJournal
       title: CET Volume 86
        date: 2021-06-15
       words: 2931
      flesch: 46
     summary: [ºC] CuCrZr 60 100 150 1160 380-400 30-40 50-60 Pulling parameters of copper alloy bars are directly influenced by: • alloy’s temperature in the crucible • cooling water temperature • diameter of the semi-finished material • temperature of the surrounding environment 1257 Table 2 presents informative values of the pulling step, pulling duration and the pause duration Table 2: Values of pulling parameters Bar diameter Alignment of the pulling device with the soaking furnace is performed by means of the following elements: crystallizing vessel, pulling primer and pulling bar.
    keywords: alloys; bar; casting; pulling; temperature; time; vessel; water
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        item: #1532 of 7527
          id: cet-11637
      author: CETJournal
       title: CET Volume 86
        date: 2021-06-15
       words: 3845
      flesch: 47
     summary: A growing attention has been devoted to low-temperature/cryogenic technologies for this purpose, which requires reliable methods to correctly describe the thermodynamics of phase equilibria in the presence of solid CO2 that plays a key role in the design of such processes. In their study, the fugacity coefficients of fluid phases (i.e., vapour and liquid) are calculated using the GERG-2004 Equation of State (EoS), while the EoS that describes 1261 the thermodynamic behaviour of solid CO2 is based on the Gibbs free energy method suggested by Jäger and Span (Jäger and Span, 2012).
    keywords: co2; data; equilibrium; phase
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        item: #1533 of 7527
          id: cet-11638
      author: CETJournal
       title: CET Volume 86
        date: 2021-06-15
       words: 3445
      flesch: 42
     summary: In a typical experiment, the reactor was loaded with 7 g of cerium oxide oxygen carrier prepared as previously described and employed without any further treatment. The CO2 addition has a significant impact on oxygen carrier conversion, hence the effect of temperature on the process performances was inspected aiming to determine the temperature for total reduction of the carrier.
    keywords: carbon; carrier; ch4; co2; oxygen; process; temperature
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        item: #1534 of 7527
          id: cet-11639
      author: CETJournal
       title: CET Volume 86
        date: 2021-06-15
       words: 3802
      flesch: 49
     summary: Saltelli, A., 2002, Making best use of model evaluations to compute sensitivity indices, Computer physics communications, 145(2), 280-297. Rashad, M. M., Mahmoud, M. H. H., Ibrahim, I. A., Abdel-Aal, E. A., 2004, Crystallization of calcium sulfate dihydrate under simulated conditions of phosphoric acid production in the presence of aluminum and mag- nesium ions, Journal of crystal growth, 267(1-2), 372-379. Shen, L., Sippola, H., Li, X., Lindberg, D., Taskinen, P., 2020, Thermodynamic Modeling of Calcium Sulfate Hydrates in a CaSO4–H2SO4–H2O System from 273.15 to 473.15 K up to 5 m Sulfuric Acid, Journal of Chemical & Engineering Data, 65(5), 2310-2324. Sulfuric acid measurements are carried out for concentrations rang- ing from infinite dilution to 4 moles/kgw and temperatures ranging from 298 K to 353 K, whereas, measure- ments for phosphoric acid are performed for concentrations varying between infinite dilution and 12 moles/kgw, and in the same range of temperature.
    keywords: acid; ball; gustafsson; model; nordstrom; phosphoric; process
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        item: #1535 of 7527
          id: cet-1164
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - CET--006.docx
        date: 2017-07-25
       words: 2938
      flesch: 51
     summary: The studies of linear reaction kinetics in the above mentioned literatures have all been limited to mathematical derivations; however, few studies have reported the application of computer programming to solve complex linear reaction combining with the derived formulas. Introduction In petrochemical engineering and petroleum refining, many chemical reactions, such as hydrogenation reactions, coal chemical industry, etc., are composed of first order or pseudo first order elementary steps and they are called complex linear reactions.
    keywords: k k; matrix; reaction
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        item: #1536 of 7527
          id: cet-11640
      author: CETJournal
       title: CET Volume 86
        date: 2021-06-15
       words: 2996
      flesch: 51
     summary: This means that every local directional preference in a single lattice has counterparts when looking at an ensemble of lattice systems that have a similar preference in other directions. From this point on, other molecule orientations are limited to 90 degree rotations of the default orientation.
    keywords: approach; cluster; energy; model; modeling; molecules
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        item: #1537 of 7527
          id: cet-11641
      author: CETJournal
       title: CET Volume 86
        date: 2021-06-15
       words: 3278
      flesch: 51
     summary: 74, 561-567. Yakovlev V.Yu., Fomkin A.A., Tvardovski A.V., 2004, Adsorption and deformation phenomena at interaction of N2 and microporous carbon adsorbent, J. Colloid Interface Sci. 280, 305-308. In this work deformation of activated carbon adsorbent upon CO2 adsorption has been studied.
    keywords: adsorbent; adsorption; deformation; dilatometer; figure; measurements; pressure; transformer
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        item: #1538 of 7527
          id: cet-11642
      author: CETJournal
       title: CET Volume 86
        date: 2021-06-15
       words: 2830
      flesch: 51
     summary: This work aims to develop a method to quantify the particles distribution in Pickering emulsions. Introduction Particle stabilized emulsions, otherwise known as Pickering emulsions, are claimed to be very stable against coalescence.
    keywords: emulsification; emulsions; oil; particles; process; silica; water
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        item: #1539 of 7527
          id: cet-11643
      author: CETJournal
       title: CET Volume 86
        date: 2021-06-15
       words: 3517
      flesch: 47
     summary: Photos of (a) SAP-1 and (b) SAP-2 taken under a Zeiss Axio Scope A1 microscope during the particle size analysis of SAP particles using a Feret diameter method. With increased % SAP in the middle layer, the thickness of the overall coating increased as well, however SAP-2 gave thinner coating than SAP-1 which could be explained in terms of the difference in the particle size of the two SAP’s as shown in Table 1.
    keywords: absorption; coating; corrosion; epoxy; material; polymer; sap; sap-2; self; steel
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        item: #1540 of 7527
          id: cet-11645
      author: CETJournal
       title: CET Volume 86
        date: 2021-06-15
       words: 2553
      flesch: 44
     summary: Hence, there is a need for a detailed study in understanding the choice of screw elements, with their associated contributions to the granulation process. Results obtained agreed with previous findings in literature on the influence of different screw elements on the characteristics of granules formed by twin screw granulation.
    keywords: elements; granulation; granules; mixing; number; screw; twin
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        item: #1541 of 7527
          id: cet-11646
      author: CETJournal
       title: CET Volume 86
        date: 2021-06-15
       words: 4124
      flesch: 52
     summary: Keywords: static mixer; JetA-1; Biodiesel, hydrodynamic distribution. Mixing is carried out in two different ways: one includes a mechanical agitator — known, as dynamic mixers—, and another without the agitator, known, as static mixers (Singh et al., 2009).
    keywords: biodiesel; engineering; flow; fluid; jeta-1; mass; mixer; mixing
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        item: #1542 of 7527
          id: cet-11647
      author: CETJournal
       title: CET Volume 86
        date: 2021-06-15
       words: 1980
      flesch: 45
     summary: This study investigates the possibility of using recycled rubber in the form of reactivated EPDM (made by 2/3 of regenerated rubber and 1/3 of virgin rubber) for the production of low cost rubber isolators (Habieb et al., 2020). It consists in introducing between the superstructure and the foundation several devices (called seismic isolators) having the property to carry vertical loads maintaining at the same time the shear modulus small, increasing considerably the natural period of the structure, where the spectral acceleration drops down (Habieb et al., 2020 and 2019a, 2019b, 2019c, 2019d, 2018).
    keywords: finite; milani; rubber
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        item: #1543 of 7527
          id: cet-11648
      author: CETJournal
       title: CET Volume 86
        date: 2021-06-15
       words: 3410
      flesch: 42
     summary: The optimized parameters were Ultrasound and Microwave intensity, and extraction time. In general, the increase of extraction time leads to increase of efficiency.
    keywords: compounds; extraction; intensity; microwave; plants; solvent; time; wort; yield
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        item: #1544 of 7527
          id: cet-11649
      author: CETJournal
       title: CET Volume 86
        date: 2021-06-15
       words: 3298
      flesch: 43
     summary: (1): (%) = ℎ ℎ − ℎ ℎ ℎ ℎ (1) 2.4 Dyeing of BC membranes, raw cotton (RC), and linen (LI) 2.4.1 Dye extraction For the extraction of the dye present in the plant extracts of Eucalyptus globulus L. (50 g of dry leaves of the plant) and Allium cepa L. (50 g of the bulb bark) consisted in an infusion at room temperature, in a solution composed of 1,0 L of deionized water and 0.25 L of 70 % ethanol. Table 1: Wet, dry weights and water retention percentage of BC membranes obtained after 14 days BC Mean PWR Wet weight (g) Dry weight (g) 179.25 2.72 98.48 (%)
    keywords: cellulose; dyed; dyeing; dyes; membranes; water
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        item: #1545 of 7527
          id: cet-1165
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - CET--006.docx
        date: 2017-07-25
       words: 2949
      flesch: 43
     summary: A study on the optimization of ammonia synthesis system This paper takes the net income of ammonia synthesis section as the objective function, studies how net income changes with the net operating income, the outlet gas temperature of the synthesis tower, the H2/N2 ratio of fresh air and the adiabatic efficiency of the circulating compressor, and optimizes various parameters. In China, the equipment for ammonia synthesis has been through repeated raw material route transformation and energy-saving transformation, such as oil to coal, coal to oil, oil to gas, and anthracite to powdered coal.
    keywords: ammonia; gas; income; outlet; process; simulation; synthesis; temperature; tower
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        item: #1546 of 7527
          id: cet-11650
      author: CETJournal
       title: CET Volume 86
        date: 2021-06-15
       words: 3886
      flesch: 50
     summary: Cotton still occupies around 21% of the world market for textile fibres, but sees increasing competition on economy compared to synthetic fibres especially if cotton has to be grown in a more sustainable way (organic cotton), which means that if the renewable fibres bio-PET, PLA, PEF, or BC in the future can be manufactured at a price around the price of fossil polyester, they should be the fibres of choice for a PET polyester replacement. The protocol used in the example with textile fibres can be extended to cover all future cases where a non- fossil replacement for production of chemical commodities needs to be found.
    keywords: basic; bio; chemical; fibres; fossil; future; materials; pet; production; products
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        item: #1547 of 7527
          id: cet-11651
      author: CETJournal
       title: CET Volume 86
        date: 2021-06-15
       words: 4334
      flesch: 42
     summary: The variation of results with biochar addition might be attributed to the varied intensity of the denitrification process in reducing NO2 - and NO3 - into N2O or N2 and biochar with various properties. The relative abundance of Firmicutes decreased with an increase in Actinobacteria and Proteobacteria with higher biochar loading during composting (Awasthi et al., 2021).
    keywords: application; biochar; compost; composting; effect; et al; loss; microbial; organic; soil
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        item: #1548 of 7527
          id: cet-11652
      author: CETJournal
       title: CET Volume 86
        date: 2021-06-15
       words: 4157
      flesch: 42
     summary: Hence, in PT processes, the volumes of the flue gases and the cleaning section tend to decrease and certain pollutant emissions (NOx, SOx, H2S, NH3, dioxins, furans) are avoided or annihilated due to the high temperatures and the chemistry involved. In particular, the integrated system could achieve (for the 0% Landfill & 100 % PT scenario) a reduction of 82 % in the AC category, c. 80 % in the PO category and more than 93 % reduction in the GWP, E, and HT.
    keywords: energy; landfill; management; msw; ofmsw; plasma; process; strategy; syngas; waste
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        item: #1549 of 7527
          id: cet-11653
      author: CETJournal
       title: CET Volume 86
        date: 2021-06-15
       words: 3632
      flesch: 44
     summary: In this context, the European Commission approved the regulation on minimum requirements for water reuse (EC, REGULATION (EU) 2020/741). In this scenario, the object was to evalutate the combination of two parallel treatment trains in order to enable water reuse for both irrigation and aquifer recharge and to promote P- recovery by mixing the two resulting effluents.
    keywords: anmbr; brine; dcf; effluent; pilot; reuse; scale; treatment; water
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        item: #1550 of 7527
          id: cet-11654
      author: CETJournal
       title: CET Volume 86
        date: 2021-06-15
       words: 3457
      flesch: 50
     summary: No other similar educational activities, in which a virtual visit and virtual exercises in a virtual chemical plant were proposed as distance learning are described in literature. A new educational project, called Eye4edu, proposed different exercises on a virtual immersive Crude Distillation Unit (VCDU), with the aim to apply an active scenario for the learning of the structure of the single unit operations, the whole plant and the control and intervention operating procedures.
    keywords: distillation; exercises; eye4edu; learning; plant; project; software; students
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        item: #1551 of 7527
          id: cet-11655
      author: CETJournal
       title: CET Volume 86
        date: 2021-06-15
       words: 3217
      flesch: 42
     summary: mastering the issue of set point tracking 1372 Figure 4: The level in the pumped tank as the time domain response to a step-down variation of the disturbance (input flow rate): a. open loop; b. closed loop Figure 5: Results of students’ tests in each academic year: a. percentage of satisfied students; b. evaluation and auto-evaluation marks of students undertaking the Project Work 0 20 40 60 80 100 Evaluation (% students rating such a teaching activity as innovation) Evaluation (% students satisfied by PC lab class activity) After a short software description, the paper discusses the methodology developed for coupling theoretical lecturing and practical PC-lab class, the way of involving students and the use of an interactive software environment to present automatic control of illustrative process plants.
    keywords: chemical; control; figure; loop; process; project; software; students; teaching
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        item: #1552 of 7527
          id: cet-11656
      author: CETJournal
       title: CET Volume 86
        date: 2021-06-17
       words: 4220
      flesch: 46
     summary: It is possible to corroborate the intended conclusions about PP properties experiments with the advanced statistical techniques. Indeed, high flow homopolymer PP is very suitable for fibres and filaments extrusion, which need high toughness (energy of deformation to fracture, measured from the area under stress-strain curve).
    keywords: engineering; flow; grades; hohf; mfr; polymer; properties; strain; stress; students
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        item: #1553 of 7527
          id: cet-11657
      author: CETJournal
       title: CET Volume 86
        date: 2021-06-15
       words: 2864
      flesch: 31
     summary: Introduction Over the last decade, there has been a growing understanding among Russian petrochemical industrial societies and educators in the field of chemical engineering that there is a need to transform the academic approach to training programs for employees to achieve a better quality of staff qualifications. Additionally, a shift occurring in Russian economics and society has an impact on the content and structure of engineering degree programs on the whole and chemical engineering programs particularly.
    keywords: chemical; content; engineering; learning; processes; program; project; sibur; skills; training
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        item: #1554 of 7527
          id: cet-11658
      author: CETJournal
       title: CET Volume 86
        date: 2021-06-15
       words: 3689
      flesch: 50
     summary: The EU funded BAoBaB project is aimed at developing the Acid/Base Flow battery (AB-FB), an environment-friendly, cost-competitive, grid-scale battery storage system based on the cyclic coupling of Bipolar Membrane ElectroDialysis (BMED) and its reverse, the Bipolar Membrane Reverse ElectroDialysis (BMRED) (Pärnamäe et al., 2020). The bipolar membrane is essentially made 1387 up of a cation and an anion exchange layer, one on top of the other (Pärnamäe et al., 2021).
    keywords: acid; discharge; efficiency; energy; flow; m-3; rte
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        item: #1555 of 7527
          id: cet-11659
      author: CETJournal
       title: CET Volume 86
        date: 2021-06-15
       words: 3216
      flesch: 41
     summary: A series of binary mixed electrodes formed with Ruthenium and one additional metal among Manganese, Copper, or Iron (nominal molar composition of 1: 1) was prepared. Furthermore, a series of ternary electrodes presenting the same nominal concentration of Ruthenium (50%) and the rest consisting of a mixture with different ratios of Manganese and a third transition metal among Copper, Iron, and Cobalt were also fabricated.
    keywords: copper; electrodes; figure; manganese; metal; oxide; potential; ruthenium
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        item: #1556 of 7527
          id: cet-1166
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - CET--006.docx
        date: 2017-07-25
       words: 3009
      flesch: 47
     summary: The whole process is divided into esterification reaction and hydrazide reaction. 599 References Afanas’eva G.V., Bychkova T.I., Shtyrlin V.G., Shakirova A.R., Zakharov A.V., 2006, Composition, stability, and structure of cu(ii, ni(ii, and co(ii) complexes with adipic acid dihydrazide in aqueous and aqueous- ethanol solutions, Russian Journal of General Chemistry, 76(5), 757-765, DOI: 10.1134/s1070363206050185.
    keywords: acid; adipate; adipic; dimethyl; methanol; reaction; simulation; water
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        item: #1557 of 7527
          id: cet-11660
      author: CETJournal
       title: CET Volume 86
        date: 2021-06-15
       words: 3118
      flesch: 49
     summary: As matter of fact, galvanic deposition method is based on a spontaneous redox reaction thanks to galvanic coupling between two metals characterized by different electrochemical redox potentials. Galvanic deposition is an alternative and valid way to fabricate bio-coatings with high biocompatibility and good anticorrosion properties.
    keywords: chemical; coatings; corrosion; deposition; hydroxyapatite; sbf
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        item: #1558 of 7527
          id: cet-11661
      author: CETJournal
       title: CET Volume 86
        date: 2021-06-15
       words: 3699
      flesch: 43
     summary: Specifically, the photoanode for water oxidation is made of TiO2 nanotube arrays prepared via controlled anodic oxidation, while Cu2O-TiO2 heterostructures, synthesised by ultra- sonicated assisted co-precipitation and then spray-coated over a carbon-based gas diffusion layer (GDL), are used as electrocathode materials for CO2 reduction. Many aspects should be taken into account in electrode and cell design for CO2 reduction: i) light harvesting and charge separation, ii) electron transfer and mass diffusion, iii) yield and type of products formed (Wang Y. et al., 2020).
    keywords: acid; co2; cu2o; electrode; gdl; pec; reduction; tio2
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        item: #1559 of 7527
          id: cet-11662
      author: CETJournal
       title: CET Volume 86
        date: 2021-06-15
       words: 3035
      flesch: 50
     summary: The XRD pattern of the Ag/AgBr catalyst shows the coexistence of cubic phase Ag and cubic phase AgBr (Wang et al., 2011). Ag phase can be characterized by the distinct peaks at a 2θ of 38.5° and 78.5° which are assigned to (111) and (311) planes, respectively.
    keywords: 2,4; agbr; agx; irradiation; light; photocatalytic
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        item: #1560 of 7527
          id: cet-11663
      author: CETJournal
       title: CET Volume 86
        date: 2021-06-15
       words: 3160
      flesch: 40
     summary: References Battocchio, C., Concolato, S., De Santis, S. Fahlman, M., Iucci, G., Santi, M., Sotgiu, G., Orsini, M., 2019, Chitosan functionalization of titanium and Ti6Al4V alloy with chloroacetic T acid as linker agent, Materials Science & Engineering C, 99, 1133-1140 Becke, S., Merz R., Hasse H., Kopnarski, M.,2016, Solvent cleaning and wettability of technical steel and titanium surfaces, Adsorption Science and Technology, 34, 261-274. Table 1: Surface treatments and chemical-physical data.
    keywords: acid; chemical; etching; samples; surface; titanium; wettability
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        item: #1561 of 7527
          id: cet-11664
      author: CETJournal
       title: CET Volume 86
        date: 2021-06-15
       words: 3198
      flesch: 36
     summary: Within the framework of the “Smart Energy Systems” ERA-Net (European Research Area Network), the recently funded “H2 CoopStorage” project responds to the challenges posed by the deployment of renewable energy production means, by improving local balancing, by reducing renewable intermittences and by intensifying the production of renewable energy. With the deployment of the means of production in renewable energies, necessary to reach the objectives of Paris Agreements, the means of energy production multiply and decentralize.
    keywords: community; energy; hybrid; hydrogen; production; project; risk; storage; system; tools
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        item: #1562 of 7527
          id: cet-11665
      author: CETJournal
       title: CET Volume 86
        date: 2021-06-15
       words: 3594
      flesch: 46
     summary: Figure 4: Possible ways for dibenzothiophene conversion in supercritical solvent As dibenzothiophene is the oil compound which conversion is complicated, the use of supercritical solvents seems to be an effective alternative. All studies indicate that the use of supercritical solvents, in addition to the complete removal of heteroatoms and high conversion of raw materials, leads to a decrease in the viscosity and density of the resulting product, and also prevents coking of the catalyst, providing a longer lifetime (Kim et al., 2018).
    keywords: catalyst; conversion; cracking; mn-100; oil; phase; solvent; surface; water
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        item: #1563 of 7527
          id: cet-11666
      author: CETJournal
       title: CET Volume 86
        date: 2021-06-15
       words: 3486
      flesch: 43
     summary: Another important route to PI is pursued when a novel reactor solution is proposed: the jetting fountain fluidized bed reactor (JFFBR) is an innovative configuration that allows an enhanced gas-solid contact with respect to conventional bubbling fluidized bed applications (Okasha, 2016). The technology, known as jetting fountain fluidized bed reactor, is particularly promising for the ATR reaction, as it is able to enhance the heat and mass transport phenomena.
    keywords: bed; catalyst; methane; reactor; reforming; temperature
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        item: #1564 of 7527
          id: cet-11667
      author: CETJournal
       title: CET Volume 86
        date: 2021-06-15
       words: 3254
      flesch: 51
     summary: The full description of this approach is detailed in this paper as well as its validation by a previous experimental work conducted in the DeanHex millimetric zigzag channel. In this work, ℎ𝑝 is calculated from a Nusselt number correlation Nu𝑝 (dimensionless) established for the DeanHex millimetric zigzag channel (Anxionnaz et al., 2011): Where 𝑅𝑒𝑝 and 𝑃𝑟𝑝 are the Reynolds and Prandtl dimensionless numbers in the process channel, respectively.
    keywords: approach; channel; heat; process; reactor; utility; zigzag
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        item: #1565 of 7527
          id: cet-11668
      author: CETJournal
       title: CET Volume 86
        date: 2021-06-15
       words: 2792
      flesch: 46
     summary: Another compound with huge industrial applications is ethylene oxide, which may be in principle obtained in two steps following the route bioethanol  bio-ethylene  bio-ethylene oxide. Nowadays ethylene oxide is used as disinfectant, sterilizing agent and fumigant when it is used as a nonexplosive mixture with N2, CO2, or dichlorofluoromethane, but it is mostly converted into other derivatives.
    keywords: catalyst; ethanol; ethylene; ethylene oxide; kinetic; oxide; production; reaction; temperature
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        item: #1566 of 7527
          id: cet-11669
      author: CETJournal
       title: CET Volume 86
        date: 2021-06-15
       words: 3443
      flesch: 54
     summary: For this aim, the process pathways were included in a superstructure with different processing steps organized in three layers (Galanopoulos et al., 2019). The annualization factor was set up as in the work of Galanopoulos et al. (2019).
    keywords: /kg; costs; formaldehyde; lignin; price; process; product; selling
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        item: #1567 of 7527
          id: cet-1167
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - CET--006.docx
        date: 2017-07-25
       words: 3196
      flesch: 51
     summary: When a danger has been detected, fire detectors transmit measurement signals (manual alarm signals) to the PLC control terminal, the PLC issues control instructions by analyzing operations, the sound and light alarm receive the PLC outgoing signal, and then calls the police, at the same DOI: 10.3303/CET1759101 Please cite this article as: Rui Wang, Ying Chu, Luqi Bi, 2017, Design of automatic fire alarm system in workshop of chemical plant, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 59, 601-606 DOI:10.3303/CET1759101 601 time, automatic fire extinguishing devices (also equipped with manual switches, combined with automatic control) have also begun firefighting. Design of automatic fire alarm system 2.1 General frame design of automatic fire alarm system
    keywords: alarm; chemical; control; design; detector; fire; plc; signal; smoke; system
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        item: #1568 of 7527
          id: cet-11670
      author: CETJournal
       title: CET Volume 86
        date: 2021-06-15
       words: 2957
      flesch: 55
     summary: Conclusions In this work, steviol extraction experiments were carried out at 45°C using distillated water and two procedures: a continuous and a batch extraction with recirculation with three sets of Stevia Rebaudiana Bertoni leaves. Moreover, in term of steviol concentrations, the stationary regime seems to be reached more quickly in the presence of ultrasound: lower than 15 min with ultrasound against 30 min without ultrasound.
    keywords: concentration; extraction; leaves; stevia; steviol; ultrasound
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        item: #1569 of 7527
          id: cet-11671
      author: CETJournal
       title: CET Volume 86
        date: 2021-06-15
       words: 2548
      flesch: 52
     summary: SEM analysis of the crystal showed that the resultant crystals had the typical morphology of struvite crystals. Crystal morphology was also analysed with SEM and showed the typical rod-shaped morphology of struvite crystals.
    keywords: crystal; residence; struvite; time; urine
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        item: #1570 of 7527
          id: cet-11672
      author: CETJournal
       title: CET Volume 86
        date: 2021-06-15
       words: 3570
      flesch: 47
     summary: (a) (b) (c) (d) Figure 2: Cumulative methane production of untreated and ultrasonic pre-treated FVW From Figure 2 (a) it is observed that from day 1 to 5, there was a steep increase in methane yield, which was then followed by a steady decrease in the methane production from day 5 to day 12. Figure 3: Cumulative methane production of FVW at different sonication times From Figure 3, it was observed that FVW might have had a high lignin content, which takes a while to digest since it is hard to break down.
    keywords: anaerobic; digestion; increase; methane; pretreatment; production; substrate; ultrasonic; waste; yield
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        item: #1571 of 7527
          id: cet-11673
      author: CETJournal
       title: CET Volume 86
        date: 2021-06-15
       words: 3726
      flesch: 33
     summary: Biomass pellets were MW pretreated using a 700 W power microwave oven by varying the MW irradiation time of biomass pellets along with estimation of the effect of MW pre-treatment on the development of flow dynamics, flame temperature, produced heat energy and composition of emissions. Results of the complex research show that the MW pre-pretreatment of biomass pellets activates the formation of combustible volatiles intensifying their ignition and combustion, increasing thus the generated heat power and the produced heat energy per mass of activated pellets.
    keywords: biomass; combustion; pellets; pre; temperature; treatment
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        item: #1572 of 7527
          id: cet-11674
      author: CETJournal
       title: CET Volume 86
        date: 2021-06-15
       words: 3049
      flesch: 49
     summary: The phases 1 and 2 are named as pressure syngas fermentation reactor (PSFR ) and biofilm pressure syngas fermentation reactor (B-PSFR) . Increasing H2 gas headspace pressure is a well-known (Stoll et al., 2018; Van Hecke et al., 2019) lower-cost strategy than using energy-intensive agitators to counteract GL mass transfer limitation.
    keywords: acid; biofilm; fermentation; growth; mbb; pressure; process; psfr; reactor; syngas
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        item: #1573 of 7527
          id: cet-11675
      author: CETJournal
       title: CET Volume 86
        date: 2021-06-15
       words: 4496
      flesch: 54
     summary: The strategy presented in this paper can be useful for improving uranium removal from water avoiding the detrimental redissolution of uranium in oxidizing environments. All the samples (before and after removal experiments) exhibit the peaks corresponding to zerovalent iron (around 44.7°) and to magnetite and/or maghemite (M,m), that cannot be differentiate by XRD.
    keywords: anoxic; conditions; cr(vi; iron; nzvi; removal; system; u(vi; uranium; water
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        item: #1574 of 7527
          id: cet-11676
      author: CETJournal
       title: CET Volume 86
        date: 2021-06-15
       words: 3318
      flesch: 55
     summary: Kaimal V.K., Vijayabalan P., 2015, A detailed study of combustion characteristics of a DI diesel engine using waste plastic oil and its blends, Energy Convers. Mani M., Subash C., Nagarajan G., 2009, Performance, emission and combustion characteristics of a DI diesel engine using waste plastic oil, Appl.
    keywords: fuel; oil; plastic; pyrolysis; pyrolytic; temperature; waste; yield
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        item: #1575 of 7527
          id: cet-11677
      author: CETJournal
       title: CET Volume 86
        date: 2021-06-15
       words: 3817
      flesch: 45
     summary: Nie et al. (2005) investigated the intrinsic kinetics of the synthesis of dimethyl ether from syngas in a bifunctional catalyst mixed with methanol synthesis catalyst and methanol dehydration catalyst with a mass ratio of 1:1 in a tubular integral reactor at 3-7 MPa and 220-260 oC. Three reactions including methanol synthesis from CO and H2, CO2 and H2, and methanol dehydration were selected as independent reactions. The activation energy and collision factors for methanol dehydration reaction based on this study are presented in Table 2.
    keywords: catalyst; conversion; dehydration; dimethyl; dme; energy; ether; methanol; rate; reaction; temperature
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        item: #1576 of 7527
          id: cet-11678
      author: CETJournal
       title: CET Volume 86
        date: 2021-06-15
       words: 3776
      flesch: 59
     summary: Table 2: Analysis of variance (ANOVA) of central compound planning for the complete quadratic model predicted for Cd2+ adsorption using poultry litter biochar (PLB) Source Degrees of freedom Sum of squares (Aj.) Lima W.B., Fernandes J.D., Chaves L.H.G., Tito G.A., Chaves I.B., 2017, Adsorption of zinc in Ultisol and Entisol amended with poultry litter biochar, World Applied Sciences Journal, 35,142-150. Roberts T.L., 2014, Cadmium and phosphorous fertilizers: the issues and the science, Procedia Engineering, 83, 52-59.
    keywords: adsorption; biochar; cd2; concentration; poultry; response; solution
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        item: #1577 of 7527
          id: cet-11679
      author: CETJournal
       title: CET Volume 86
        date: 2021-06-15
       words: 3014
      flesch: 50
     summary: The CFD model is first validated with experimental temperature and water vapour volume fraction profiles at a particular level of the pool from the literature. At t = 20000 seconds however, the lines temperature profiles are evenly distributed throughout the entire pool suggesting completely stratified pool.
    keywords: level; seconds; stratification; temperature
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        item: #1578 of 7527
          id: cet-1168
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - CET--006.docx
        date: 2017-07-25
       words: 3050
      flesch: 42
     summary: 2.1 Methanol synthesis reaction Major reactions involved in the methanol synthesis process include (Cagniant et al., (1994); Zhang and Gao, 2015, Zhang et al., 2016): CO+2H2→CH3OH (1) CO2+3H2→CH3OH+H2O (2) CO2+H2→CO+H2O (3) DOI: 10.3303/CET1759102 Please cite this article as: Qiangqiang An, 2017, On application of computer simulation technology in methanol synthesis in the coal chemical industry, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 59, 607-612 DOI:10.3303/CET1759102 607 2.2 Mathematical model for the methanol synthesis reactor The interplate heat-exchange methanol reactor is adopted in the synthesis section. Casale methanol synthesis reactor is adopted in the synthesis section, which uses plate type heat exchange.
    keywords: catalyst; coal; heat; methanol; pressure; process; reactor; simulation; synthesis; temperature
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        item: #1579 of 7527
          id: cet-11680
      author: CETJournal
       title: CET Volume 86
        date: 2021-08-31
       words: 3900
      flesch: 51
     summary: Diagram of the installation for the study of biomass WT process 1 - wet torrefaction reactor, 2 - initial biomass bunker, 3 - biochar bunker, 4 - cyclone, 5 - heat exchanger for cooling used superheated water vapor. The process of wet torrefaction (WT) in a fluidized bed powered by superheated steam is applied to produce biochar, which can be subsequently processed into activated carbon, as an interesting bioproduct with high specific surface area.
    keywords: biochar; biomass; carbon; manure; mixture; process; reactor; sawdust
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        item: #1580 of 7527
          id: cet-11681
      author: CETJournal
       title: CET Volume 86
        date: 2021-06-15
       words: 3539
      flesch: 45
     summary: However, interest in producing succinic acid through a more sustainable route, i.e., microbial fermentation by some rumen bacteria that are natural producers of succinic acids or by modified microorganisms specially designed to produce succinic acid (Song and Lee, 2006). In the slurry fermentation phase, simultaneous enzymatic hydrolysis and succinic acid fermentation occurred.
    keywords: acid; fermentation; loading; slurry; solids; yield
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        item: #1581 of 7527
          id: cet-11682
      author: CETJournal
       title: CET Volume 86
        date: 2021-06-15
       words: 3014
      flesch: 42
     summary: 2. Process modelling description The integrated biomass gasification and methanol synthesis process for bio-methanol production consists of three main sections (i.e., gasification, syngas cleaning and conditioning, and methanol synthesis) as shown in Figure 1. A publication of The Italian Association of Chemical Engineering Online at www.cetjournal.it Guest Editors: Sauro Pierucci, Jiří Jaromír Klemeš Copyright © 2021, AIDIC Servizi S.r.l. ISBN 978-88-95608-84-6; ISSN 2283-9216 Process Analysis of an Integrated Gasification and Methanol Synthesis Process for Bio-Methanol Production from Untreated and Torrefied Biomass Karittha Im-orba,*, Amornchai Arpornwichanopb aProgram in Food Process Engineering, Faculty of Food-Industry, King Mongkut’s Institute of Technology Ladkrabang, Bangkok 10520, Thailand bCenter of Excellence in Process and Energy Systems Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand karittha.im@kmitl.ac.th The integrated biomass gasification and methanol synthesis process is investigated in this study.
    keywords: biomass; energy; gasification; methanol; process; production; syngas; synthesis; tb300
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        item: #1582 of 7527
          id: cet-11683
      author: CETJournal
       title: CET Volume 86
        date: 2021-06-15
       words: 3162
      flesch: 42
     summary: Conclusions In this work, a characterization of 3D printed samples, at different infill (0, 50, 100%), made from a commercial filament processed through FDM technology, was presented mainly in terms of thermal diffusivity and DMA 1541 analysis. Testing demonstrated the fiber orientation along polymer flow inducing the anisotropy of thermal properties, and the presence of crack and defects attributed to thermal and mechanical stress during the filament deposition.
    keywords: diffusivity; filament; infill; porosity; properties; samples
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        item: #1583 of 7527
          id: cet-11684
      author: CETJournal
       title: CET Volume 86
        date: 2021-06-15
       words: 2733
      flesch: 57
     summary: Based on this, this paper utilized PCF SERS sensing technology to carry out qualitative trace detection on food illegal additives. Figure 8: PCF SERS sensing system physical map During the experiment, low concentrations of melamine in aqueous solution were tested.
    keywords: core; experimental; fiber; figure; hole; liquid; melamine; pcf; sers
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        item: #1584 of 7527
          id: cet-11685
      author: AIDIC
       title: CETvol87
        date: 2021-06-23
       words: 3672
      flesch: 51
     summary: Figure 2: Results of sensory evaluation of sunflower protein bars, (Quantitative descriptive profile method, n=10). Alternative plant protein source, such as sunflower protein isolate, appears to be a promising ingredient for protein bars.
    keywords: bars; concentrate; content; isolate; protein; sunflower; sunflower protein
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        item: #1585 of 7527
          id: cet-11686
      author: AIDIC
       title: CETvol87
        date: 2021-06-23
       words: 3672
      flesch: 50
     summary: Figure 1: Viscosity as function of shear rate of gellan gum hydrogels at different concentrations: 0.2, 0.5, 0.7 and 1.0 % w/v, with rhombus, circle, triangle and square symbols, respectively In order to get a formulated product with high added nutritional value, as it is advised for dysphasic-patients’ special diets, high protein dispersions (5 % w/w) were here prepared. 2.4 Preparation of formulated products Biopolymer dispersions at high protein content (5 % w/w) were prepared following two steps: dissolution of protein and gelation with HA-GG.
    keywords: dysphagia; food; gellan; gels; hemp; protein; shear; swallowing; viscosity
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        item: #1586 of 7527
          id: cet-11687
      author: AIDIC
       title: CETvol87
        date: 2021-06-23
       words: 3894
      flesch: 52
     summary: The results of experimental tests for the optimization of beer diafiltration process using a bench scale unit and two different membranes of cellulose and polyacrylonitrile are shown in this work. One of the main objectives in the production of low alcohol beers (LABs) is to obtain a product very similar to regular beer (Sohrabvandi et al., 2010) in terms of organoleptic properties.
    keywords: acid; alcohol; aroma; beer; compounds; concentration; dealcoholisation; diafiltration; membrane; process
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        item: #1587 of 7527
          id: cet-11688
      author: AIDIC
       title: CETvol87
        date: 2021-06-23
       words: 4152
      flesch: 58
     summary: Cake batters are complex emulsions of fat or oil in an aqueous phase, containing flour (Lee, 2015; Aydogdu et al., 2018), eggs (Hedayati & Tehrani, 2018), sugar (Cavalcante & Mendes da Silva, 2015), and minor ingredients. However, the main limitation is that cake batters possess a very high viscosity.
    keywords: baking; batter; cake; cream; dilution; food; milk; samples; viscosity
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        item: #1588 of 7527
          id: cet-11689
      author: AIDIC
       title: CETvol87
        date: 2021-06-23
       words: 3836
      flesch: 39
     summary: This study highlights the real possibility of applying active edible coating loaded with hydroxyapatite/quercetin complexes to the food shelf life extension. Recently, there has been increased interest in new packaging strategies with environmentally friendly, biodegradable and edible packaging materials made from renewable natural polymers, that can be used as edible coatings to improve food safety and the shelf life of food products (Seixas et al., 2013).
    keywords: activity; alginate; coatings; food; hydroxyapatite; pseudomonas; que; quercetin; release
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        item: #1589 of 7527
          id: cet-1169
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - CET--006.docx
        date: 2017-07-25
       words: 2679
      flesch: 47
     summary: Calculation and analysis of computer process simulation of urea synthesis tower 2.1 Introduction to chemical equations 2.2 Calculation and analysis of urea synthesis tower based on equilibrium stage model 2.2.1 Establishment of mathematical models for the urea synthesis tower Considering the material balance, energy balance, phase equilibrium equation, chemical kinetics equation and normalization equation on each tray, the author establishes the following equilibrium stage models (MESHR equations) for each tray in the tower (Kuwabata et al., 1998).
    keywords: chemical; doi; equilibrium; process; production; simulation; synthesis; tower; tray; urea
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        item: #1590 of 7527
          id: cet-11690
      author: AIDIC
       title: CETvol87
        date: 2021-06-23
       words: 4164
      flesch: 52
     summary: Table 1: Some physical properties of chickpea and yellow soybean seeds. Soybean seeds exhibit large variations in shape from almost spherical to flat and elongated, size (5-11 mm) and weight (0.12-0.18 g/seed) (Heuzé et 33 al., 2017).
    keywords: chickpea; hydration; moisture; peleg; seeds; soybean; temperature; water
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        item: #1591 of 7527
          id: cet-11691
      author: AIDIC
       title: CETvol87
        date: 2021-06-23
       words: 3381
      flesch: 40
     summary: The food industry has improved product quality while reducing production time and cost by automating production using programmable logic controllers (PLC) over the last several decades. International Congress on Industrial and Applied Mathematics, Valencia, Spain Hartmann D., Herz M., Paffrath M., Rommes J., Tamarozzi T., Van der Auweraer H., Wever U. (2020), Model order reduction and digital twins, in Model Order Reduction Vol.3 Applications, ed.
    keywords: control; digital; machine; model; process; production; step; time; twin
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        item: #1592 of 7527
          id: cet-11692
      author: AIDIC
       title: CETvol87
        date: 2021-06-23
       words: 3797
      flesch: 45
     summary: Therefore, the most suitable temperature range for Stevia extraction is between 60 and 80oC with 60oC being considered as the lowest optimum temperature. The highest extraction efficiency, also similar to Soxhlet extraction (39%) was obtained at 60oC, 1/20 stevia to solvent ratio, 15 min and 250 W. The increase in extraction time increased the antioxidant activity and the total phenolic content of the extracts.
    keywords: 1/20; antioxidant; drying; extraction; extracts; glycosides; leaves; min; stevia
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        item: #1593 of 7527
          id: cet-11693
      author: AIDIC
       title: CETvol87
        date: 2021-06-23
       words: 4015
      flesch: 53
     summary: Oil samples were much harder than butter ones. b. mean value (±DS) of firmness (N) and stickiness (N) and work of penetration (N*mm) of dough prepared by SFO oils and gel and EVO oils and gels compared to butter cookies.
    keywords: biscuits; butter; dough; fibre; oil; samples; sfo; texture
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        item: #1594 of 7527
          id: cet-11694
      author: AIDIC
       title: CETvol87
        date: 2021-06-23
       words: 4052
      flesch: 52
     summary: Green bean crop provided larger but scattered yield values which changed from 6.6 ± 2.9 t ha-1 to 18.2 ± 3.6 t ha-1. This fact may also be due to the fact, that beans have less nitrogen-fixing capacity than peas (Hossain et al., 2016), along with pea crop is able to show less sensibility to a reduction of assimilate availability than wheat or other crops (Sandana et al., 2009).
    keywords: bean; crop; differences; fertilization; green; nitrate; nitrogen; pea; plot; soil; treatments; yield
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        item: #1595 of 7527
          id: cet-11695
      author: AIDIC
       title: CETvol87
        date: 2021-06-23
       words: 4495
      flesch: 50
     summary: Therefore, the combination of ECs and PL treatments represents a promising hurdle approach in food preservation, for extending the shelf life of fresh products. In this work, for the first time, the effect of the combined methods was tested on fresh tomatoes, whose microbial and physicochemical quality were monitored over a 15-d storage at 25 °C, using PL treatments, applied either before or after the deposition of ECs made of calcium chloride cross-linked alginate, incorporating an OEO nanoemulsion.
    keywords: ecs; food; microbial; storage; tomatoes; treatment
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        item: #1596 of 7527
          id: cet-11696
      author: AIDIC
       title: CETvol87
        date: 2021-06-23
       words: 3075
      flesch: 49
     summary: Bioplastic samples The BPL1 no form bioplastic and BPL2, BPL3 and BPL4 have weak consistency and break easily. Figure 1: Bioplastic samples: a) BPY, b) BPL5, c) BPL6 y d)
    keywords: benjamina; bioplastic; cassava; ficus; lignocellulose; samples; starch; tensile
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        item: #1597 of 7527
          id: cet-11697
      author: AIDIC
       title: CETvol87
        date: 2021-06-23
       words: 3641
      flesch: 51
     summary: Despite the dilution effect, biscuit samples revealed a comparable α vitamer content mainly due to the ingredients added for the dough (i.e. eggs). Dordoni R., Duserm Garrido G., Marinoni L., Torri L., Piochi M., Spigno G., 2019c, Enrichment of whole wheat cocoa biscuits with encapsulated grape skin extract.
    keywords: antioxidant; extract; grape; oxidative; paste; samples; skin; walnut
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        item: #1598 of 7527
          id: cet-11698
      author: AIDIC
       title: CETvol87
        date: 2021-06-23
       words: 3413
      flesch: 49
     summary: The steady shear properties of Pickering emulsions were carried out at 20°C using concentric cylinders (cup diameter = 28.92 mm and rotor diameter 26.66mm) at a continues shear rate of 1-300 1/s. 2.2.7 Optical Microscopy Microscopic observation of Pickering emulsion was made by using Olympus-BX53 light microscope and images taken at different magnification (100 X and 400 X) by a 12-bit digital camera (QIQAM Fast 1394, Surrey, Canada). In the last years, research has focused on the technological properties of olive oil polyphenols which have been proven to exert surface activity and emulsifying capacity in both model and real emulsified food matrices; however, to date, the effect of olive oil polyphenols in Pickering emulsions has not been explored yet.
    keywords: emulsions; food; oil; olive; phenolic; polyphenols; properties; stability; starch
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        item: #1599 of 7527
          id: cet-11699
      author: AIDIC
       title: CETvol87
        date: 2021-06-23
       words: 3847
      flesch: 45
     summary: The most suitable OWE was selected to preliminary realize poly(lactic acid) (PLA) coated antioxidant films. The study of active films antioxidant activity and release kinetics in foods with high lipid content was accomplished using 95% ethanol as food simulant.
    keywords: activity; antioxidant; films; food; owe; pla; release
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        item: #1600 of 7527
          id: cet-117
      author: TW
       title: cet-117
        date: 2017-10-04
       words: 3499
      flesch: 35
     summary: Experimental and theoretical DOI: 10.3303/CET1761064 Please cite this article as: Krasnokutskiy E.V., Ved V.E., Tovazhnyanskyy L.L., Ved H.V., 2017, Catalyst coatings carriers based on aluminium- silicon glass crystalline compositions, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 61, 397-402 DOI:10.3303/CET1761064 397 studies of the composition of catalyst carrier allow to find such composition values, which will significantly increase the thermomechanical stability and catalytic activity of the catalysts. Secondary catalyst carrier hosts on its surface the layer of catalytically active compounds.
    keywords: benzene; carrier; catalyst; chemical; coating; composition; conversion; gas; layer; surface
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        item: #1601 of 7527
          id: cet-1170
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - CET--006.docx
        date: 2017-07-25
       words: 3051
      flesch: 46
     summary: The CCD is connected to the PC via the USB interface for collecting sensor array images. It mainly includes air pump, reaction chamber (built-in porphyrin chemical sensor array chip), temperature sensor, humidity sensor, flow sensor, image sensor, PC and power supply.
    keywords: array; chemical; gas; image; porphyrin; processing; reaction; sensor; system; target
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        item: #1602 of 7527
          id: cet-11700
      author: AIDIC
       title: CETvol87
        date: 2021-06-23
       words: 3527
      flesch: 54
     summary: The melt blending of PLA and PHB proved to be an easy way to overcome these drawbacks: it allows the processing of PHB with conventional equipment and, at the same time it improves PLA properties. Indeed, an increase in the barrier properties to both oxygen and water vapor, increasing the PHB amount to PLA based blends can be observed.
    keywords: blends; films; food; packaging; phb; pla; properties
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        item: #1603 of 7527
          id: cet-11701
      author: AIDIC
       title: CETvol87
        date: 2021-06-23
       words: 3700
      flesch: 56
     summary: However, the residual moisture content of roasted chestnuts does not guarantee an extended shelf life. Existing data suggest that further research should be conducted to confirm the published results, particularly on the shelf life of roasted chestnuts.
    keywords: chestnuts; days; food; map; nmr; packaging; storage; time; water
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        item: #1604 of 7527
          id: cet-11702
      author: AIDIC
       title: CETvol87
        date: 2021-06-23
       words: 4171
      flesch: 44
     summary: PET packaging of 10−3 m3 of refrigerator juice weighted 48.80 g and Tetra Pak packaging 34.96 g. 2.1.2 System Boundaries The production and end of life of PET and Tetra Pak packaging systems are the processes that present the greatest changes in the environmental footprint of these packagings. Considering the benefits of Tetra Pak juice packaging in the extended shelf life of the juices, as well as the reduced environmental footprint in most of the impact categories, it can be stated that there are clear environmental advantages for Tetra Pak juice multilayer packaging over PET packaging.
    keywords: cycle; impact; juice; life; packaging; pak; pet; production; tetra; tetra pak
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        item: #1605 of 7527
          id: cet-11703
      author: AIDIC
       title: CETvol87
        date: 2021-06-23
       words: 3409
      flesch: 50
     summary: Experiment 1: Evaluation of the temperature effect on enzymatic activity and color change in coconut water; Experiment 2: Effect of thermal processing and sulphite use to inactivate the enzymatic activity and control the pinkish color during processed coconut water storage. 111 Figure 1 : Coloring of coconut water after different UHT sterilization processing severities and storing at room temperature 3.2 Experiment 2: Effect of thermal processing and sulphite use to inactivate enzymes and control the pink color during processed coconut water storage The objective of this experiment was to evaluate the possible activation (or not) of PPO and POD enzymatic, as well as to verify sulphite performance in controlling the pink coloration in UHT sub-processing (treatment at 110 °C / 8s without sulphite addition).
    keywords: activity; coconut; color; processing; storage; sulphite; water
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        item: #1606 of 7527
          id: cet-11704
      author: AIDIC
       title: CETvol87
        date: 2021-06-23
       words: 2204
      flesch: 48
     summary: Food samples were selected based on uniformity of size, shape, color and maturity and an appearance which indicated no mechanical damage or disease. This increase in food temperature may also be associated with physiological processes, as energy is released during the respiration process.
    keywords: food; lettuce; mass; samples; storage; strawberry; temperature
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        item: #1607 of 7527
          id: cet-11705
      author: AIDIC
       title: CETvol87
        date: 2021-06-23
       words: 3271
      flesch: 43
     summary: Figure 5: Morphology of starch grains according to treatments (images taken at 1000 magnifications) with starch grain sizes between 8.4 and 12.3 μm. Conclusions The characteristics of starch grains, as reflected by the proximal analysis, show the variability of the use of electromagnetic fields in this species to increase the starch yield without affecting the quality of the starch a b b b 0.00 5.00 10.00 15.00 20.00 25.00 30.00 35.00 40.00 45.00 C L2 L1 L3 Pe rf or m an ce (% ) 125 grain formed.
    keywords: analysis; content; differences; figure; material; starch; treatments
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        item: #1608 of 7527
          id: cet-11706
      author: AIDIC
       title: CETvol87
        date: 2021-06-23
       words: 3749
      flesch: 41
     summary: In particular, the effect of the enrichment with phenolic extract on oxidative stability and antioxidant activity of mayonnaise samples was evaluated. A hydrophilic Phenolic Olive Leaves extract (PE) powdered, (Biomaslinic S.L. Escúzar, Granada-Spain), was used as natural antioxidant for enrichment of mayonnaise samples, due to its potential health effects and for improving the oxidative stability of the emulsion.
    keywords: activity; antioxidant; compounds; extract; food; mayonnaise; oil; olive; samples; stability
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        item: #1609 of 7527
          id: cet-11707
      author: AIDIC
       title: CETvol87
        date: 2021-06-23
       words: 3772
      flesch: 55
     summary: The same procedure was followed with a dipping time of 5 min. Osmo-dehydrated with saccharose solution berries and with salt solution mushrooms were used as control, which were immersed in distilled water for 2 min. Both coated and control samples were packaged in polyethylene bags and stored at 3 ºC for 7 days. The relatively high concentration may cause increased anaerobic respiration and higher weight loss, observed also by Ghasemnezhad & Shiri (2010).
    keywords: berries; coating; dehydration; loss; samples; solution
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        item: #1610 of 7527
          id: cet-11708
      author: AIDIC
       title: CETvol87
        date: 2021-06-23
       words: 4012
      flesch: 51
     summary: Figure 2 Flowsheet for pectin extraction section Therefore, some organic acids, such as citric, tartaric, and maleic acid, have been tested for pectin extraction with results comparable to mineral ones (Yapo, 2009).
    keywords: acid; ethanol; extraction; food; pectin; peels; process; production; section; tomato
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        item: #1611 of 7527
          id: cet-11709
      author: AIDIC
       title: CETvol87
        date: 2021-06-23
       words: 4030
      flesch: 49
     summary: At higher concentrations of carrot extracts added (16 mg/ g of oil), the onset appeared after 46 h. Interestingly, the peak time was linearly correlated with the concentration of carrot extract added to the micronized formulation (see inset of Figure 2, R2 =0.97). Figure 2: Effect of the addition of increasing amount of carrot extracts on the oxidative stability of encapsulated linseed oil (a): 0.8 mg/ g of oil (b), 8 mg/g of oil (c), 16 mg/g of oil (d).
    keywords: carrot; compounds; encapsulation; extraction; linseed; mpa; oil; particles; pressure; stability
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        item: #1612 of 7527
          id: cet-1171
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - CET--006.docx
        date: 2017-07-25
       words: 2888
      flesch: 39
     summary: The navigation information of different navigation systems is processed by information fusion technology, which DOI: 10.3303/CET1759105 Please cite this article as: Dongmei Zhou, Ning Xu, Fei Wang, Zhengda Li, 2017, Research on integrated information navigation system based on chemical sensing and gis location, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 59, 625-630 DOI:10.3303/CET1759105 625 makes the different navigation systems can learn from each other and promote each other (Wood and Pearson, 2016). At present, the most widely used autonomous navigation systems are celestial navigation and inertial navigation system (Atia, et al., 2015).
    keywords: data; gps; information; module; navigation; processing; sub; system; vehicle
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        item: #1613 of 7527
          id: cet-11710
      author: AIDIC
       title: CETvol87
        date: 2021-06-23
       words: 4341
      flesch: 46
     summary: European Parliament Council, 2009, Directive 2009/32/EC of the european parliament and of the council of 23 april 2009 on the approximation of the laws of the member states on extraction solvents used in the production of foodstuffs and food ingredients,<https://eur- lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=OJ:L:2009:141:0003:0011:EN:PDF> accessed 06.04.2021. Total carotenoid content of extracts in terms of g total carotenoid/g dry biomass (d.b.) at A. 648 W and B. 450 W. Table 1.
    keywords: acetone; astaxanthin; content; extraction; limonene; mct; solvent
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        item: #1614 of 7527
          id: cet-11711
      author: AIDIC
       title: CETvol87
        date: 2021-06-23
       words: 4626
      flesch: 47
     summary: Therefore, it seems that there is a synergistic effect between field strength and temperature during thermal MEF treatment, which could explain the greater degree of cell damage detected during thermal MEF as compared with CH at the same heating temperature (Figure 1a). To the best of our knowledge, only in the study of Pereira et al. (2016) the existence of non-thermal effects has been observed during thermal MEF treatment at high frequency (25 kHz) and proved effective on the extraction of phytochemicals from plant tissues.
    keywords: field; heating; juice; mef; temperature; thermal
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        item: #1615 of 7527
          id: cet-11712
      author: AIDIC
       title: CETvol87
        date: 2021-06-23
       words: 3660
      flesch: 50
     summary: Namely, dried tomato peels are hydrolyzed by NaOH aqueous solution (0.5 M) at S/L 1:50 kg/L, 100°C for 6 h, then filtered. mcasa@unisa.it This contribution is a piece of work within a more comprehensive research program dedicated to a thorough exploitation of industrial tomato by-products, which should be technically feasible, economically convenient and environmentally friendly.
    keywords: biorefinery; composting; cost; cutin; extraction; lycopene; oleoresin; production; products; tomato
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        item: #1616 of 7527
          id: cet-11713
      author: AIDIC
       title: CETvol87
        date: 2021-06-23
       words: 3521
      flesch: 51
     summary: Samples of dragon fruit juice (FJ) and red dragon fruit juice concentrated by JEVA evaporation at 35°C (JEVA.35) were stored in 100ml dark vials at 27°C (room temperature) and 4°C (refrigerator). JEVA evaporation is highly potential for launching in a large scale to process red dragon fruit juice.
    keywords: content; dragon; evaporation; fruit; juice; red; vitamin
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        item: #1617 of 7527
          id: cet-11714
      author: AIDIC
       title: CETvol87
        date: 2021-06-23
       words: 3281
      flesch: 51
     summary: Rome, Italy, FAO Fratianni A., Adiletta G., Di Matteo M., Panfili G., Niro S., Gentile C., Farina V., Cinquanta L., Corona O., 2020, Evolution of carotenoid content, antioxidant activity and volatiles compounds in dried mango fruits (Mangifera indica L.), Foods, 9, 1424. Moreover, the correlation time of the water system heated at 70 °C till moisture content of 0.30 ± 0.02 kgwater kg -1 dried matter, resulted longer than that in the tissue treated at 50 °C (Figure 1C), thus confirming the expectations about the effects of the temperature on water mobility in mango fruit tissues after heating treatments.
    keywords: drying; fruits; mango; nmr; time; water
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        item: #1618 of 7527
          id: cet-11715
      author: AIDIC
       title: CETvol87
        date: 2021-06-23
       words: 3734
      flesch: 54
     summary: Perishable fig nature has adversely affected their market in recent years so methods to increase the postharvest life for fresh fig fruit are continually being proposed (Kong et al., 2013). Total polyphenols content of fresh fig fruit preserved in different packaging systems in function of shelf life is reported in Table 1.
    keywords: acid; coating; compounds; content; fig; figs; food; fruit; life; olive
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        item: #1619 of 7527
          id: cet-11716
      author: AIDIC
       title: CETvol87
        date: 2021-06-23
       words: 4080
      flesch: 56
     summary: According to Regulation (EC) Nº 1924/2006 and with the results obtained it is possible to claim “source of fibre” and “rich in fibre” for dried vegetables, except for courgette CD, once it presents less than 6g of fibre/100g of product. Fresh vegetables contain nutritive constituents including minerals, vitamins (C, E to A) and phytochemicals (folates, glycosinlates, carotenoids, flavonoids, phenolic acids, selenium, lycopene and dietary fibers)
    keywords: content; cucumber; drying; food; fresh; methods; process; values; vegetables
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        item: #1620 of 7527
          id: cet-11717
      author: AIDIC
       title: CETvol87
        date: 2021-06-23
       words: 3477
      flesch: 44
     summary: Papanu J., Soane (Soong) D., Bell A., Hess D., 1989, Transport models for swelling and dissolution of thin polymer films, Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 38, 859-885. Rahman M.S., Chen X.D., Perera C.O., 1997, An improved thermal conductivity prediction model for fruits and vegetables as a function of temperature, water content and porosity, Journal of Food Engineering, 31, 163- 170.
    keywords: drying; food; isothermal; model; sample; shrinkage; temperature; water
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        item: #1621 of 7527
          id: cet-11718
      author: AIDIC
       title: CETvol87
        date: 2021-06-23
       words: 2954
      flesch: 48
     summary: Figure 2: Comparison between the new model (solid line) and the one proposed by Sidiras et al. (2011) (dashed line) based on experimental data proposed by Carvalheiro et al. (2011). Instead, Sidiras et al. (2011) developed a non- isothermal kinetic model which allowed to more accurately simulate the kinetics of the single-step batch autohydrolysis of wheat straw cellulose and hemicellulose with respect to the severity factor models.
    keywords: et al; model; process; sidiras
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        item: #1622 of 7527
          id: cet-11719
      author: AIDIC
       title: CETvol87
        date: 2021-06-23
       words: 3545
      flesch: 48
     summary: Moreover, looking at the oscillation amplitudes, it is possible to state that they decrease as water amount increases, due to the reduction of the dough strength, while the time at which they are higher increases, in analogy with torque peak time. Baudouin F., Nogueira T. L., van der Mijnsbrugge A., Frederix S., Redl A., Morel M.-H., 2020, Mechanochemical activation of gluten network development during dough mixing, Journal of Food Engineering, 283, 110035.
    keywords: dough; maximum; mixing; peak; salt; semolina; time; torque; water
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        item: #1623 of 7527
          id: cet-1172
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - CET--006.docx
        date: 2017-07-25
       words: 2828
      flesch: 47
     summary: 2. Application of support vector regression for carbon black process modeling 2.1 Carbon black Carbon black is produced by the incomplete combustion or pyrolysis of hydrocarbons (solid, liquid or gaseous. 632 2.4 Application of support vector machine (SVM) in carbon black process modeling 2.4.1 Application of support vector machine for carbon black process modeling After 3 outliers are removed from 112 original samples, according to 10～20% of the number of prediction set samples to the number of calibration set samples, the original samples are divided into two groups: one group is the calibration set (training set), a total of 89 samples, which is used in the construction of carbon black production model; another is the prediction set, a total of 20 samples which is used for detecting model.
    keywords: absorption; black; carbon; figure; infrared; prediction; spectroscopy; value; vector
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        item: #1624 of 7527
          id: cet-11720
      author: AIDIC
       title: CETvol87
        date: 2021-06-23
       words: 3807
      flesch: 45
     summary: is the shape factor, which allows to take into account different food shapes like 212 cylinder, rectangular brick and also ellipsoid for irregular shape and can be evaluated as reported by Pham (2014). It is useful to underline that, as reported, the new model estimates food properties starting from its initial composition, defined in terms of its main constituents (i.e. water, proteins, fats, carbohydrates, fibers, ashes).
    keywords: food; freezing; heat; model; process; properties; temperature; time
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        item: #1625 of 7527
          id: cet-11721
      author: AIDIC
       title: CETvol87
        date: 2021-06-23
       words: 4405
      flesch: 37
     summary: A numerical classifier capable to discriminate raw ham samples prepared with the use of food additives and without. Therefore, it would be very useful to have a methodology for analyzing raw ham samples capable of quickly discriminating the ham samples prepared without additives from those prepared with additives, thus allowing traditional analytical measurements to be carried out only on the latter.
    keywords: additives; classifier; color; ham samples; hams; nitrates; patterns; samples; use
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        item: #1626 of 7527
          id: cet-11722
      author: AIDIC
       title: CETvol87
        date: 2021-06-23
       words: 3818
      flesch: 51
     summary: Model implementation A mathematical model of MEF heating was developed for the ohmic cell described in Section 2.2. 4.1 Spatial representation of the Model outputs Figure 2 shows four examples of a temperature distribution (as slices on XZ planes) plot after 4 minutes of MEF heating for MP29, assuming for the heat transfer coefficient h the values 5, 25, 50 and 100 W/(m2 K), for APG the value 3 V/cm, and for ℎ the values reported in Table 2.
    keywords: cell; engineering; food; heating; mef; model; system; temperature
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        item: #1627 of 7527
          id: cet-11723
      author: AIDIC
       title: CETvol87
        date: 2021-06-23
       words: 3820
      flesch: 54
     summary: Thus, in controlled agricultural environments with microclimate management, variability of outdoor environment does not affect plants cultivation and indoor microclimatic parameters can be controlled independently, allowing a greater harvest efficiency. Nicholsa, M., 2017, Plant factories - The ultimate in controlled environment agriculture.
    keywords: air; environment; parameters; speed; temperature
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        item: #1628 of 7527
          id: cet-11724
      author: AIDIC
       title: CETvol87
        date: 2021-06-23
       words: 3960
      flesch: 48
     summary: 3. Results and Discussion 3.1 Effect of HPH processing on the particle size distribution of sesame seed suspensions The effect of HPH treatments on white sesame suspensions is shown in Figure 1 for a pressure of 100 MPa and a temperature of 25 °C and a variable number of passes. 2.3 Particle size distribution Particle size distributions of sesame seed suspensions were analyzed by laser diffraction at 25°C, using a Master Sizer 2000 particle size analyzer (Malvern Panalytical Ltd, Malvern, UK).
    keywords: antioxidant; compounds; hph; sesame; suspensions; white
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        item: #1629 of 7527
          id: cet-11725
      author: AIDIC
       title: CETvol87
        date: 2021-07-02
       words: 4498
      flesch: 50
     summary: Pelgrom, P. J., Berghout, J. A., van der Goot, A. J., Boom, R. M., & Schutyser, M. A., 2014, Preparation of functional lupine protein fractions by dry separation. Figure 2: Protein content (% on dry matter), Yield (%), and PSE (Protein separation efficiency) of the pulse flour fractions obtained by air classification.
    keywords: air; content; et al; food; protein; valve; yield
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        item: #1630 of 7527
          id: cet-11726
      author: AIDIC
       title: CETvol87
        date: 2021-06-23
       words: 3962
      flesch: 54
     summary: Once both layers had been formed, the chamber S1 was filled with 1 L of deionized water or rough beer sample (BP1) at (20±0.5) °C to perform a series of filtration tests. Results and Discussion 3.1 Physico-chemical characteristics of rough beer The main physico-chemical properties of the pre-centrifuged and diluted rough beer samples BP1 and BP2 are reported in Table 1.
    keywords: beer; bp1; filter; filtrate; filtration; permeability
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        item: #1631 of 7527
          id: cet-11727
      author: AIDIC
       title: CETvol87
        date: 2021-06-23
       words: 3687
      flesch: 52
     summary: Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 61(20), 4953–4960. https://doi.org/10.1021/jf400037v Jafari, S. M., Saremnejad, F., & Dehnad, D., 2017, Nano-fluid thermal processing of watermelon juice in a shell and tube heat exchanger and evaluating its qualitative properties. This kind of heat exchanger is studied in (Leone et al., 2016), focusing more on its influence on malaxing times and qualitative aspects of the final product (EVOO).
    keywords: exchanger; heat; leone; oil; olive; paste; tube
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        item: #1632 of 7527
          id: cet-11728
      author: AIDIC
       title: CETvol87
        date: 2021-06-23
       words: 3637
      flesch: 44
     summary: New emulsions were formulated with the same ingredients but in different proportions, as described in: Formula 1 - Starch; Formula 2 - Starch + Isolated Candida biosurfactant; Formula 3 - Starch + Guar gum; Formula 4 - Guar gum; Formula 5 – Isolated Candida biosurfactant + Guar gum and Formula 7-Isolated biosurfactant. The yield of the isolated product was expressed as g/l. 2.7 Determination of critical micelle concentration (CMC) To determine the CMC, 0.1 g of isolated biosurfactant was diluted to an initial concentration of 5 g/l, followed by successive dilutions with distilled water.
    keywords: application; biosurfactant; concentration; food; formulations; mayonnaise; oil; production
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        item: #1633 of 7527
          id: cet-11729
      author: AIDIC
       title: CETvol87
        date: 2021-06-23
       words: 3172
      flesch: 51
     summary: Figure 1: Freezing box design. Despite the great interest in sperm cryopreservation, it has not yet led to satisfactory results in most mammals, birds and fish due to a considerable percentage of spermatozoa losing their fertility during freeze- thaw.
    keywords: box; cryopreservation; freezing; liquid; nitrogen; semen; sperm; straw
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        item: #1634 of 7527
          id: cet-1173
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - CET--006.docx
        date: 2017-07-25
       words: 3194
      flesch: 43
     summary: 2.4 Hyperspectral image data processing system The data processing technology of seed hyperspectral image is the analysis for the spectral data in the region of interest, so as to achieve the goal of the technology application. The band selection algorithm is used to select the least and most representative subset of bands into a new hyperspectral image space to replace the original hyperspectral image space, and it has little effect on the overall recognition accuracy in the process of dimensionality reduction of hyperspectral image data, which is the ultimate goal of hyperspectral image band selection.
    keywords: acquisition; band; data; image; learning; prediction; purity; seed; system
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        item: #1635 of 7527
          id: cet-11730
      author: AIDIC
       title: CETvol87
        date: 2021-06-23
       words: 3591
      flesch: 53
     summary: Extruded snacks are products where 10 to 20 % of fat, and large amounts of salt, are sprinkled on to fix flavours. Consumption of extruded snacks grew 8% worldwide, according to Mintel (2017) Group (London, UK.
    keywords: coating; et al; fat; food; monteiro; results; salt; snacks; sodium; starch; waxy
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        item: #1636 of 7527
          id: cet-11731
      author: AIDIC
       title: CETvol87
        date: 2021-06-23
       words: 3031
      flesch: 50
     summary: Chamomile (Matricaria chamomilla L.) dried flowers contain a large number of interesting biologically active compounds which make it an important medicinal herb. This emphasizes the reliability of the kinematic simulation through the motion study in predicting the performance of the vibrating screen. References Bagheri, R., Dehdari, M., Salehi, A. Effect of cold stress at flowering stage on some important characters of five German chamomile (Matricaria chamomilla L.) genotypes in a pot experiment (2020) Journal of Applied Research on Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, 16, art.
    keywords: chamomile; figure; motion; screen; sieve; sieving; simulation
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        item: #1637 of 7527
          id: cet-11732
      author: AIDIC
       title: CETvol87
        date: 2021-06-23
       words: 3535
      flesch: 47
     summary: In this study, a brief characterization of olive paste is attempted according to their rheological profile. Moreover, the influence of new technologies to prepare the olive paste on the rheological characteristics of olive paste is presented.
    keywords: extraction; food; machine; oil; olive; olive paste; paste; process; tamborrino; viscosity; аnd
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        item: #1638 of 7527
          id: cet-11733
      author: AIDIC
       title: CETvol87
        date: 2021-06-23
       words: 3706
      flesch: 47
     summary: Moreover, Sun et al. (2020) demonstrated that a correlation exists between NMR water peak areas and rheological parameters η, G′, and G″. Assifaoui et al. In order to optimise the production process and obtain high quality dough-based products, a deep understanding of water distribution is required.
    keywords: content; dough; flour; gluten; nmr; relaxation; semolina; starch; water
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        item: #1639 of 7527
          id: cet-11734
      author: AIDIC
       title: CETvol87
        date: 2021-06-23
       words: 2396
      flesch: 40
     summary: Fan Y.V., Lee C.T., Klemeš J.J., 2017, Challenges for energy efficiency improvement anaerobic digestion (AD), Chemical Engineering Transactions, 61, 205-210 Fan Y.V., Klemeš J.J., Lee C.T., 2018, Pre- and post-treatment assessment for the anaerobic digestion of lignocellulosic waste: p-graph, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 63, 1-6 Garcia N.H., Mattioli A., Gil A., Frison N., Battista F., Bolzonella D., 2019, Evaluation of the methane potential of different agricultural and food processing substrates for improved biogas production in rural areas, Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Volume 112, 1-10 Gunaseelan V.N., 2004, Biochemical methane potential of fruits and vegetable solid waste feedstocks, Biomass and Bioenergy 26, 389 – 399 Li Y., Zhang R., Liu G., Chen C., He Y., Liu X., 2013, Comparison of methane production potential, biodegradability, and kinetics of different organic substrates, Bioresource Technology 149, 565–569 Mane A. B., Rao B., Rao A.B., 2015, Characterisation of fruit and vegetable waste for maximizing the biogas yield, International Journal of Advanced Technologyin Engineering and Scince, Vol. 3, Special Issue 1, 489-500 Perone C., Catalano F., Tamborrino A., Giametta F., Bianchi B., Ayr U. 2017. 3 299 References Aybek A., Serdar Ü, 2017, Biogas and methane productions of vegetable and fruit wastes with Hohenheim Batch Test method Vol. 10 No.4 209 BMU, 2012, Biomass Ordinance (BiomasseV) (as amended as of 1 January 2012); Federal Ministry for the Environment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety; Germany; Catalano F., Perone C., Iannacci V., Leone A., Tamborrino A., Bianchi B. 2020.
    keywords: biogas; food; methane; plant; potential; production; waste
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        item: #1640 of 7527
          id: cet-11735
      author: AIDIC
       title: CETvol87
        date: 2021-06-23
       words: 3853
      flesch: 41
     summary: Formigoni, M., Milani, P.G., Avincola, A.S., Santos, V.J., Benossi, L., Dacome, A.S., Pilau, E.J., Costa, S.C., 2018, Pretreatment with ethanol as an alternative to improve steviol glycosides extraction and purification from a new variety of stevia, Food Chemistry, 241, 452-459. The best results for sweeteners extraction (76.97 ± 2.70%) were obtained using pretreated leaves, at 30 mL/g and with 70% ethanol.
    keywords: extraction; glycosides; leaves; mass; ple; rebaudiana; solvent; stevia; sweeteners
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        item: #1641 of 7527
          id: cet-11736
      author: AIDIC
       title: CETvol87
        date: 2021-06-23
       words: 3819
      flesch: 45
     summary: Finally, the possibility of limiting phthalates contamination of the oil during processing clearly emerged by replacing traditional mono pumps with peristaltic pumps. Masella P., Parenti A., Spugnoli P., Calamai L., 2012, Vertical centrifugation of virgin olive oil under inert gas, European Journal of Lipid Science and Technology, 114, 1094-1096.
    keywords: decanter; mono; oil; olive; oxygen; paste; peristaltic; pump
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        item: #1642 of 7527
          id: cet-11737
      author: AIDIC
       title: CETvol87
        date: 2021-06-23
       words: 4219
      flesch: 53
     summary: With respect to the ORP analysis, no significant differences were found for Coffee Powder PT and HY fractions. Finally, turning to pH, significant differences were found for Coffee Powder PT and HY fractions, while no significant differences were found for the two fractions of SCG and CSS.
    keywords: coffee; compounds; css; fractions; powder; scg
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        item: #1643 of 7527
          id: cet-11738
      author: AIDIC
       title: CETvol87
        date: 2021-06-23
       words: 3669
      flesch: 47
     summary: Experimental design of material production, with 25 g of distilled water was added and homogenised manually until a uniform mixture was obtained. Table 1 shows the experimental design of material production.
    keywords: acceptance; appearance; malt; material; monteiro; production; resistance; samples; waste; water
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        item: #1644 of 7527
          id: cet-11739
      author: AIDIC
       title: CETvol87
        date: 2021-06-23
       words: 4094
      flesch: 61
     summary: In this study, honey dehydration at atmospheric pressure and temperatures of 36°C, 42°C, and 52°C in a pilot dehydration plant based on JEVA concept was carried out to reduce the moisture content of honey to below 17%. Honey dehydration at a temperature range of 36°C - 42°C achieved a high dehydration rate and low energy simultaneously due to integrating a heat pump into the processing loop.
    keywords: content; dehydration; honey; samples
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        item: #1645 of 7527
          id: cet-1174
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - CET--006.docx
        date: 2017-07-25
       words: 2989
      flesch: 44
     summary: 645 Figure 2: UV absorption histogram of chemistry molecular probe (2×10-5M) after adding different metal ions (50 times the amount of Hg2+,50 times the amount of the other metal ions) in acetonitrile solvent We mix the Zn2+ ions with many other metal ions such as Ba2+, Ca2+, Cu2+, Hg2+, K+, Li+, Mg2+, Na+, Ni2+, Pb2+, respectively, and then added them to the acetonitrile solution of chemical molecular probe to determine their fluorescence emission spectra. Lin V.S., Chen W., Xian M., Chang C.J., 2015, Chemical probes for molecular imaging and detection of hydrogen sulfide and reactive sulfur species in biological systems.
    keywords: chemical; co.; fluorescent; hg2; ions; metal; molecular; probe; recognition; study; thiophene
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        item: #1646 of 7527
          id: cet-11740
      author: AIDIC
       title: CETvol87
        date: 2021-06-23
       words: 3285
      flesch: 51
     summary: The osmotic solution used in juice concentration by OD should be no-toxic, no-corrosive, and should have a high osmotic activity to maintain a lower vapour pressure and to maximize the driving force. (2007) obtained a cactus pear juice concentration of 82%after 250 min of process with the 333 same membrane module configuration, used in this study,but with a bigger (1.4 m2) membrane surface area.
    keywords: celery; concentration; food; juice; membrane; process
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        item: #1647 of 7527
          id: cet-11741
      author: AIDIC
       title: CETvol87
        date: 2021-06-23
       words: 3253
      flesch: 57
     summary: Marshall R.T., Arbuckle W.S, 1996, Ice cream (5th Ed.), Chapman and Hall, London, UK. Masuda H., Sawano M., Ishihara K., Shimoyamada M., 2020, Effect of agitation speed on freezing process of ice cream using a batch freezer, Journal of Food Process Engineering, 43, e13369. 3. Results and discussion Figure 4 shows the melting curve of ice cream sample prepared by various agitation speeds in freezing process.
    keywords: agitation; air; cream; fat; freezing; ice; melting; speed
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        item: #1648 of 7527
          id: cet-11742
      author: AIDIC
       title: CETvol87
        date: 2021-06-23
       words: 3590
      flesch: 52
     summary: MEF heating is an efficient technique used to extend the shelf‐life of prepared vegetables. Before considering experiments devoted to studying how MEF heating can impact the shelf life of a product like pesto there is the need of feeling the lack of knowledge on the behaviour of pesto undergoing this process.
    keywords: conductivity; food; heating; mef; pesto; salinity; sauce; temperature
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        item: #1649 of 7527
          id: cet-11743
      author: AIDIC
       title: CETvol87
        date: 2021-06-23
       words: 4241
      flesch: 53
     summary: A preliminary financial valuation is necessary to identify those parameters driving investment decision like the amount of funding needed, operating costs and potential returns for investors. 3. Results and Discussion 3.1 Revenues and Costs For a 200 l/h plant pasteurizing 5 million bottles at year1, revenues and costs are: • Revenues: 4,337,550 € • Cost of Manufacturing: 3,995,130 € • Cost of Third-Party Financing: 46,217 € o Interests: 14,874 € o Principal Repayment: 31,343 € The main cost element of the raw material is untreated apple juice.
    keywords: co2; cost; fruit; investment; juice; market; pasteurization; price; rate; value
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        item: #1650 of 7527
          id: cet-11744
      author: AIDIC
       title: CETvol87
        date: 2021-06-23
       words: 3660
      flesch: 47
     summary: The aim of the paper is to propose a systemic approach to give a full survey over Spirulina production chain, in order to draw up an individual blueprint for sustainable development. At time zero, the freshwater used to fill all the raceway ponds is 29 m3 Operation Water consumption Water losses Water saving m3/y m3/KgDM Cultivation Medium renewal 24 0.13 Evaporation 50 0.27 Cleaning and cooling operations 10-15 0.05-0.08 Harvesting Recirculation 225 1.23 Harvesting +
    keywords: biomass; chain; cleaning; drying; freshwater; harvesting; operations; production; spirulina; water
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        item: #1651 of 7527
          id: cet-11745
      author: AIDIC
       title: CETvol87
        date: 2021-09-01
       words: 3912
      flesch: 30
     summary: The large variety of membrane materials available, as well as the diversity of membrane processes developed, underlines one of the strengths of membrane separations: the 361 possibility of designing and fine-tuning the membrane and the membrane process for a specific task. In particular, case studies related to the implementation of membrane processes in integrated systems for the recovery of bioactive compounds from olive mill wastewaters (OMWs), citrus and wine by-products are reviewed and discussed.
    keywords: compounds; food; membrane; permeate; products; recovery
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        item: #1652 of 7527
          id: cet-11746
      author: AIDIC
       title: CETvol87
        date: 2021-06-23
       words: 3065
      flesch: 50
     summary: In industrial plants, the essential elements constituting the different processes can be identified and schematized in terms of block diagrams. Constants used in the simulation Parameters Values Parameters Values �̇�𝑚𝐻𝐻𝐻𝐻𝑃𝑃 4 kg/s 𝑐𝑐𝑊𝑊 4.187 kJ/kgK �̇�𝑚𝐻𝐻𝐻𝐻𝑊𝑊 0.5 kg/s ℎ𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓 50,000 kJ/kg �̇�𝑚𝐻𝐻𝐻𝐻𝐶𝐶 20 kg/s 𝜂𝜂𝑊𝑊 0.98 𝑀𝑀𝐻𝐻𝐻𝐻 500 kg 𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶 3 𝑀𝑀𝑊𝑊𝑊𝑊 1000 kg 𝑇𝑇𝐸𝐸 25
    keywords: iot; node; parameters; plant; simulation; system
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        item: #1653 of 7527
          id: cet-11747
      author: AIDIC
       title: CETvol87
        date: 2021-06-23
       words: 3958
      flesch: 52
     summary: Such logistics data were partly derived from the coffee processing plant, and partly from the Product Category Rules for Moka coffee and espresso preparation (EPD®, 2019a, b). 377 Despite the quality of a cup of Moka coffee is highly dependent upon the skill of the preparer and maintenance of the equipment with quite a longer preparation time than espresso, the eco-responsible consumer should be aware that the use of ground coffee with the induction Moka pot instead of coffee pods or capsules would avoid as much as 10.3 or 1.8 g CO2e per single serving.
    keywords: capsule; coffee; consumer; cup; energy; ground; moka; packaging; pot; wastes
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        item: #1654 of 7527
          id: cet-11748
      author: AIDIC
       title: CETvol87
        date: 2021-06-23
       words: 4143
      flesch: 51
     summary: By dynamically integrating Wasa recipes into plantjammer.com, Wasa created a fast and iterative approach that could potentially be applied to Wasa’s own website pages. The dominant innovation strategy of large food companies has long-time revolved around the repeated application of a successful, yet costly scheme that does not lend itself well to walking off known business roads and product/service models.
    keywords: 1/10/2020; barilla; companies; company; consumers; food; innovation; recipes; start; ups; wasa
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        item: #1655 of 7527
          id: cet-11749
      author: AIDIC
       title: CETvol87
        date: 2021-06-23
       words: 3911
      flesch: 40
     summary: More specifically, the use case focused on the “saving” of nectarines from waste as their valorisation (i.e., production and distribution) is geographically and temporally highly concentrated, thus putting high risks on 386 their valorisation by EFB. Finally, the overall universe of produced scenarios, coupled with their consequences, is to be systematically analysed to identify what are the variables (amongst those considered) that produce the overall risk and what is their relative weight.
    keywords: analysis; approach; decision; food; horam; process; risk; scenarios
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        item: #1656 of 7527
          id: cet-1175
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - CET--006.docx
        date: 2017-07-25
       words: 3139
      flesch: 45
     summary: The new X3D standard is used to develop scene animation, which is in line with the modular programming features of modern software development. 3.3 Chapter summary This chapter introduces the general method of scene modeling and the development process of scene animation.
    keywords: interaction; interpolator; mechanism; model; reaction; scene; simulation; sp2; x3d
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        item: #1657 of 7527
          id: cet-11750
      author: AIDIC
       title: CETvol87
        date: 2021-06-23
       words: 2994
      flesch: 41
     summary: However, corrugated particles with a mean diameter of 2.2±0.3 μm were produced and the addition of urea did not affect the morphology of CA particles. Operating in this way, solution flow rates up to hundred times higher than the traditional electrospray can be tested and, varying the main process parameters (applied voltage, pressure, polymer concentration), a good control of particle size and PSDs can be assured (Baldino et al., 2019a; Baldino et al., 2019b).
    keywords: baldino; bar; electrospray; particles; pressure; process; solution
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        item: #1658 of 7527
          id: cet-11751
      author: AIDIC
       title: CETvol87
        date: 2021-06-23
       words: 4319
      flesch: 44
     summary: The packaging material manufacture was the life cycle phase mainly contributing to the ICs of carcinogens and aquatic ecotoxicity in the case of organic pasta, or of terrestrial eco-toxicity and aquatic eco-toxicity for conventional pasta (data not shown for simplicity). The weighted damage score relative to EQ for organic pasta was about the double of that for conventional pasta, while those relative to HH, CC, RD were 13-16% greater than the corresponding ones for conventional pasta.
    keywords: cimini; cycle; damage; footprint; impact; life; organic; pasta; phase; production
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        item: #1659 of 7527
          id: cet-11752
      author: AIDIC
       title: CETvol87
        date: 2021-06-23
       words: 4052
      flesch: 51
     summary: Evaluation of the risk from noise exposure was carried out following the UNI EN ISO 9612: 2011, which have been transposed in the Italian law: UNI 9432: 2011 and Law Decree No. 81/08. The image is not drawn to scale the second panel 404 To evaluate the risks of noise exposure, the production cycle and its layout were examined.
    keywords: area; exposure; figure; level; line; noise; pasta; sample; values
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        item: #1660 of 7527
          id: cet-11753
      author: AIDIC
       title: CETvol87
        date: 2021-06-23
       words: 3335
      flesch: 40
     summary: Bianchi B., Tamborrino A., Giametta F., Squeo G., Difonzo G., Catalano P., 2020, Modified rotating reel for malaxer machines: assessment of rheological characteristics, energy consumption, temperature profile, and virgin olive oil quality, Foods 2020, 9, 813, DOI:10.3390/foods9060813. Tamborrino A., Squeo G., Leone A., Paradiso V., Romaniello R., Summo C., Pasqualone A., Bianchi B., Caponio F., 2017, Industrial trials on coadjutants in olive oil extraction process: effect on rheological properties, energy consumption, oil yield and olive oil characteristics, Journal of Food Engineering, DOI:10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2017.02.019.
    keywords: consumption; electricity; energy; production; steam
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        item: #1661 of 7527
          id: cet-11754
      author: AIDIC
       title: CETvol87
        date: 2021-06-23
       words: 4257
      flesch: 60
     summary: Thus, the present study aimed to diagnose the use of irrigation water in the production of industrial tomatoes, in the main producing regions of Goiás, in areas with a central pivot, quantifying and qualifying the current irrigation management practiced by producers, comparing with recommended management, considering local edaphoclimatic conditions. Table 1: Description of the evaluated areas, geographical coordinates, elevation, and area in the diagnosis of water irrigation in industrial tomatoes production in Goiás state, Brazil.
    keywords: areas; crop; deficit; industrial; irrigation; phase; soil; tomato; water
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        item: #1662 of 7527
          id: cet-11755
      author: AIDIC
       title: CETvol87
        date: 2021-06-23
       words: 3234
      flesch: 50
     summary: Uric acid can be electrochemically oxidized in aqueous solutions and thus it is possible to obtain electrochemical sensors for this chemical by means of this electrooxidation reaction. Introduction In the last decades, the use of electrochemical sensors has rapidly increased in various research fields, such as environmental, health and food-safety.
    keywords: acid; aunps; detection; electrode; graphene; ito; rgo; sensor; uric
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        item: #1663 of 7527
          id: cet-11756
      author: AIDIC
       title: CETvol87
        date: 2021-06-23
       words: 2641
      flesch: 54
     summary: Given that the need arises to ensure that food meets the minimum calories and is of quality, interest is generated in developing new food products. For the development of new food products, three perspectives are used to evaluate and drive innovation (technology perspective, market-oriented approach, and consumer-led product development, all to increase the success of the product (Earle, 1997)
    keywords: cupcakes; development; figure; food; health; people; product; vegetarian
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        item: #1664 of 7527
          id: cet-11757
      author: AIDIC
       title: CETvol87
        date: 2021-06-23
       words: 4515
      flesch: 47
     summary: In summary, all groups of respondents have a negative attitude toward GMO foods rather than a neutral attitude. 3. Results and Discussion 3.1 Comparison of self-evaluated knowledge on GMO and GEO in different groups of respondents Below are comparative means of self-assessed knowledge of GMOs and GEO by consumers, farmers, and food producers (Figure 1).
    keywords: consumers; farmers; food; geo; gmo; intentions; n =; producers; respondents
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        item: #1665 of 7527
          id: cet-11758
      author: AIDIC
       title: CETvol87
        date: 2021-06-23
       words: 4133
      flesch: 47
     summary: Figure 2a shows that in the first scenario the stages that contribute to the evaluated impact categories are the generation of electrical energy, PM transport, process water consumption, temperature increase of the water entering the biodigester (steam) and energy consumption of the process, which for this scenario, the equipment that consumes energy are the hopper, the conveyor belt, the biodigester agitators and the compressor. Figure 2: Contribution of stages to the impact categories in (a) scenario 1 (biogas); (b) scenario 2 (digestate) Figure 1: Diagram of AD process for PM A distance of 32.5 km and 73 trips were estimated for the collection of the PM of a batch, from the pig farms to Bogotá.
    keywords: biogas; categories; consumption; digestate; energy; environmental; process; production; water
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        item: #1666 of 7527
          id: cet-11759
      author: AIDIC
       title: CETvol87
        date: 2021-06-23
       words: 3710
      flesch: 46
     summary: Measurements of -OH groups on biochar surface were performed employing the Boehm titration (Boehm, 1994) according to the procedure described by Schönherr et al. (2018). C700 biochar, which had the highest values of adsorption efficiency for total polyphenols, was further investigated for its selectivity towards different polyphenols classes.
    keywords: adsorption; biochar; chestnut; content; extract; extraction; polyphenols; pyrolysis; surface
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        item: #1667 of 7527
          id: cet-1176
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - CET--006.docx
        date: 2017-07-25
       words: 3118
      flesch: 56
     summary: 656 2.2 Fiber ring methane gas sensor Gas absorption chamber (Renganathan, et al, 2017) is one of the key components in the absorption spectrum gas sensor. 4. Conclusions In 1820s, people began to study the gas detection equipment and methods, there have been a variety types of gas sensors, such as contact combustion type, electrochemical type, semi conductor type, optical fiber type and so on.
    keywords: absorption; cavity; concentration; fiber; gas; light; loss; ring; sensor; time
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        item: #1668 of 7527
          id: cet-11760
      author: AIDIC
       title: CETvol87
        date: 2021-06-23
       words: 3820
      flesch: 44
     summary: Results show that tomato seed oil can be a feasible alternative for biodiesel production. Moreover, it was demonstrated that the physicochemical properties of tomato seed oil are within the standard for rapeseed oil currently used for biodiesel production in Europe (Giuffrè et al., 2016) and it was showed that the esterification of tomato seed oil could lead to the production of biodiesel that meets European legislation (Giuffrè et al., 2017).
    keywords: biodiesel; catalyst; energy; methanol; oil; production; reaction; tomato
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        item: #1669 of 7527
          id: cet-11761
      author: AIDIC
       title: CETvol87
        date: 2021-06-23
       words: 3067
      flesch: 44
     summary: Table 4: Economic assessment of Nannochloropsis gaditana production within VALUEMAG plant The total cost for the production of Nannochloropsis gaditana within VALUEMAG plant resulted equal to 25.12 euro/kg dry weight biomass for a daily production process. Materials and methods The production of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) was investigated in VALUEMAG plant trough the cultivation of Nannochloropsis gaditana biomass in a magnetic photobioreactor unit till to the extraction by carbon dioxide supercritical fluid extraction (CO2-SFE).
    keywords: biomass; co2; content; epa; extraction; food; gaditana; microalgae; nannochloropsis
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        item: #1670 of 7527
          id: cet-11762
      author: AIDIC
       title: CETvol87
        date: 2021-06-23
       words: 3160
      flesch: 43
     summary: The experimental kinetic data of astaxanthin extraction obtained with NaDES and the predicted data of mass transfer kinetic model is displayed in Figure 1. Similar results were reported by Handayani et al. (2008) for astaxanthin extraction from crustacean by-products.
    keywords: acid; astaxanthin; extraction; kinetic; mass; model; nades; results; solvents; transfer
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        item: #1671 of 7527
          id: cet-11763
      author: AIDIC
       title: CETvol87
        date: 2021-06-23
       words: 3283
      flesch: 48
     summary: Furthermore, a two-level factorial design was used to study the single and combined effect of process variables, namely, solid to liquid ratio dry grinding time and extraction time, on the extraction yield. To reduce extraction times, the use of microwave and / or ultrasound systems was combined with traditional methods to facilitate the release of compounds in the plant matrix (Beres et al., 2017).
    keywords: design; extraction; grape; liquid; nades; ratio; solvents; time; yield
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        item: #1672 of 7527
          id: cet-11764
      author: AIDIC
       title: CETvol87
        date: 2021-06-23
       words: 3063
      flesch: 46
     summary: Lutein extraction was also investigated using tetrahydrofuran as extraction solvent obtaining 5.21 mg/g from Chlorella sorokiniana pre-treated mechanically with a French-press (Chen et al., 2016). The aim of this paper is to improve lutein extraction from Scenedesmus almeriensis by using pressurized liquid extraction through accelerated solvent extractor (ASE 200©Dionex).
    keywords: ethanol; extraction; lutein; microalgae; scenedesmus; solvent
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        item: #1673 of 7527
          id: cet-11765
      author: AIDIC
       title: CETvol87
        date: 2021-06-23
       words: 3076
      flesch: 48
     summary: , they presented higher biogas production than Cs+I (Figure 1) and the highest methane yield (Table 2). However, just after this initial peak, a sharp decrease in biogas production was observed and the curve adopted a similar behaviour to a lag phase but in two steps (Figure 1).
    keywords: anaerobic; biogas; chestnut; digestion; food; fruit; industry; methane; production; sludge
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        item: #1674 of 7527
          id: cet-11766
      author: AIDIC
       title: CETvol87
        date: 2021-06-23
       words: 2890
      flesch: 56
     summary: Conclusions This study preliminarily confirms that waste extracts from coffee pulp (Coffea arabica) have a potential use as natural coagulants for cationic dyes removal. Different physical, chemical, and biological processes have been studied for dyes removal from industrial wastewaters.
    keywords: coffee; doi; dyes; et al; pulp; removal
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        item: #1675 of 7527
          id: cet-11767
      author: AIDIC
       title: CETvol87
        date: 2021-06-23
       words: 3184
      flesch: 45
     summary: The results of proximal analyzes with higher fixed carbon content, related to the energy properties of biomass, in treatments L4 to L6, also presenting the highest ash content. (2010) and Cigasova et al. (2016) usually tropical varieties have high ash content compared to temperate forest species.
    keywords: ash; biomass; carbon; colombia; content; doi; energy; humidity; material; moisture; treatments
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        item: #1676 of 7527
          id: cet-11768
      author: AIDIC
       title: CETvol87
        date: 2021-06-23
       words: 3132
      flesch: 56
     summary: The results will estimate the purge, reactor residence time, yield, selectivity, efficiency, cost distribution, and how these variables interact to minimize production cost. That way, increasing HMF yield also increases the water content on the aqueous stream that feeds the extractor.
    keywords: cost; fructose; hmf; min; production; reactor; solvent; yield
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        item: #1677 of 7527
          id: cet-11769
      author: AIDIC
       title: CETvol87
        date: 2021-06-23
       words: 3148
      flesch: 52
     summary: Hamdan, S.H., Chong, W.W.F., Ng, J.H., Ghazali, M.J., Wood, R.J.K., 2017, Influence of fatty acid methyl ester composition on tribological properties of vegetable oils and duck fat derived biodiesel, Tribol. In general, the basic raw materials for biodiesel production can be divided in four main groups: vegetable oils (edible and inedible), animal fats, used cooking oils and algae.
    keywords: astm; biodiesel; duck; energy; fat; oil; pork; production
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        item: #1678 of 7527
          id: cet-1177
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - CET--006.docx
        date: 2017-07-25
       words: 3104
      flesch: 57
     summary: , , , , 1, , , 1, , , 1 1, , , 1, , , 1 ( , , , , , , ) t t t t t t t t t x y z x y z x y z x y z x y z x y z x y z x y z d 1, , , 1, , , 1 1, , , , 1, , , 1, , , 1 1, , , 1, , , 1 , 1, , , 1 1 t t t t x y z x y z x y z x y z x y z x y z x y z x y z x y z t t x y z x y z x y z x y z v t v t v t v t d a a a a r r r r v t v t a a r r                                (12) 4.
    keywords: automata; cellular; diffusion; model; y z
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        item: #1679 of 7527
          id: cet-11770
      author: AIDIC
       title: CETvol87
        date: 2021-06-23
       words: 3456
      flesch: 49
     summary: The integration of steam dryer in cogeneration system to reduce bagasse moisture content before combustion will improve the system performance. Saturated steam supplied to steam dryer is obtained by mixing superheated steam extracted from steam turbine with the appropriate amount of cooling water in desuper- heater.
    keywords: bagasse; cogeneration; dryer; moisture; rate; steam; steam dryer; sugar; system
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        item: #1680 of 7527
          id: cet-11771
      author: AIDIC
       title: CETvol87
        date: 2021-06-23
       words: 3655
      flesch: 58
     summary: Table 2: Inhibition of mycelial growth of B. cinerea from the beginning of treatment (day 3) to the end of treatment (day 12) D3, D6, D9 y D12: day 3, day 6, day 9 y day 12, respectively 𝐼𝐼𝐼𝐼𝐼𝐼 = 𝐼𝐼𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶 − 𝐼𝐼𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶 𝐼𝐼𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶 × 100% (1) Treatments Mycelial inhibition (%) 10% dose 15% dose 20% dose D3 D6 D9 D12 D3 D6 D9 D12 D3 D6 D9 D12 BIO1 98.57 72.68 47.66 46.28 99.59 93.39 86.86 82.82 100 100 100 100 BIO2 92.78 59.47 45.45 38.57 98.83 80.86 73.08 57.03 100 96.84 90.74 87.90 BIO3 100 81.87 64.89 57.72 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 BIO4 93.84 77.94 60.07 48.34 100 100 80.25 71.09 100 100 100 100 519 From Table 2, with the 10% dose, the treatment that achieved the highest percentage of inhibition (57.72 %) of B. cinerea in the last day of incubation was the BIO3 (Z. officinale extract and DRO) since it presents secondary compounds that prevent the spread of B. cinerea fungus (Ferreira et al., 2018). 3.2 Mycelial inhibition of B. cinerea The percentages of B. cinerea inhibition are shown in Table 2.
    keywords: biofungicide; cinerea; day; extracts; inhibition; officinale; oxysporum
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        item: #1681 of 7527
          id: cet-11772
      author: AIDIC
       title: CETvol87
        date: 2021-06-23
       words: 3370
      flesch: 56
     summary: A lycopene water solution to colour rice was tested and colour difference was calculated, as shown in Figure 5. 4. Conclusions Research studies on this specific subject, rice dyeing and rice dyeing solutions, are scarce and as far as we know this is the first time the effect of different lycopene dyeing solutions on rice colour stability was studied.
    keywords: antioxidant; colour; days; figure; lycopene; rice; samples
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        item: #1682 of 7527
          id: cet-11773
      author: AIDIC
       title: CETvol87
        date: 2021-06-23
       words: 3149
      flesch: 57
     summary: Then the Rittinger comminution law can be applied to model specific energy requirement e (kWh t-1) for particle size reduction as: 𝑒𝑒 = 𝐶𝐶𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅50 ∙ 𝑋𝑋𝑅𝑅 (3) 𝑋𝑋𝑅𝑅 = � 1 𝐷𝐷50 𝑂𝑂𝑂𝑂𝑂𝑂 − 1 𝐷𝐷50 𝐴𝐴𝐼𝐼� (4) where CRD50 (kWh mm -1 t -1 ) is Rittinger constant, D50 IN (mm) represents biomass particle size after milling, D50 OUT (mm) biomass particle size before milling, all related to D50 value of particle size distribution.
    keywords: energy; moisture; particle; reduction; size
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        item: #1683 of 7527
          id: cet-11774
      author: AIDIC
       title: CETvol87
        date: 2021-06-23
       words: 4396
      flesch: 52
     summary: There was an increase of α-LA and β-LG recoveries in the precipitated fraction and decreased β-LG recovery in the supernatant fraction. An increase in recovery of α-LA and of β-LG in precipitated fraction and a decrease in β-LG recovery in the supernatant fraction indicates that pureness was compromised with the change of residence time in the pressure of 8 MPa and 55 °C.
    keywords: fraction; fractionation; min; protein; residence
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        item: #1684 of 7527
          id: cet-11775
      author: AIDIC
       title: CETvol87
        date: 2021-06-23
       words: 3400
      flesch: 45
     summary: Impregnation process flowchart 542 A 2 3 screening experimental design was analysed varying pressure (100, 150, and 200 bar), and temperature (35, 45, and 55 ⁰C). Therefore, both parameters have to be also defined to optimize impregnation conditions.
    keywords: antioxidant; bar; conditions; food; impregnation; nuts; oil; pressure
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        item: #1685 of 7527
          id: cet-11776
      author: AIDIC
       title: CETvol87
        date: 2021-06-23
       words: 3678
      flesch: 51
     summary: Jiao B., Cassano A., Drioli E., 2004, Recent advances on membrane processes for the concentration of fruit juices: a review. Koros W., Ma Y., Shimidzu T., 1996, Terminology for membranes and membrane processes (IUPAC Recommendations 1996).
    keywords: anthocyanin; concentration; flux; juice; membrane; osmosis; pressure
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        item: #1686 of 7527
          id: cet-11777
      author: AIDIC
       title: CETvol87
        date: 2021-06-23
       words: 4287
      flesch: 52
     summary: Higher extraction temperature resulted in higher TF content. The effect of particle size, solvent, extraction time, and temperature was studied on total polyphenols yield (TP), total flavonoids yield (TF), and antiradical power (ARP) of cherry pit extract.
    keywords: cherry; compounds; et al; extraction; food; polyphenols; temperature; yield
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        item: #1687 of 7527
          id: cet-11778
      author: AIDIC
       title: CETvol87
        date: 2021-06-23
       words: 3076
      flesch: 51
     summary: For this property, the 70% HDPE–30% RH and 70% PP–30% RH mixtures analyzed in other studies had similar values to those obtained for the 80% HDPE/PP–20% RH mixture in this study, with values of 33.719 Mpa and 31 Mpa, respectively (Tong et al., 2014) and (Bera et al., 2008). However, this mixture is not even half as strong as the polymer matrix (75% HDPE–25% PP).
    keywords: hdpe; husk; mixture; rice
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        item: #1688 of 7527
          id: cet-11779
      author: AIDIC
       title: CETvol87
        date: 2021-06-23
       words: 3633
      flesch: 51
     summary: With respect to the HDPE/PP with rice husk particle mixtures obtained and analyzed in this research study, all performed well in the tests to which they were subjected, which included: flammability tests and differential scanning calorimetry. The following are among the primary research studies that have mixed polymers from MSW with rice husk particles: A high-density polyethylene (HDPE) with polypropylene (PP) mixture was characterized, which facilitated the production of stakes to be used in the agricultural sector.
    keywords: hdpe; husk; mixture; polymer; polypropylene; properties; rice; temperature
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        item: #1689 of 7527
          id: cet-1178
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - CET--006.docx
        date: 2017-07-25
       words: 3025
      flesch: 71
     summary: Nowadays, there has been increasing interest in the analysis and synthesis of impulsive systems, or impulsive control systems, due to their significance both in theory and applications, see (Dong et al., 2008) and the references therein. In this paper, with the help of the invariant principle of impulsive systems, we investigate the trajectory tracking for quantum systems with impulsive control fields by two Lyapunov functions based on the distance of quantum states and the average value of Hermitian operator which can be regarded as an observable of a quantum system, propose new control fields to drive the quantum systems in the form of sufficient conditions.
    keywords: k d; k k;  ;  
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        item: #1690 of 7527
          id: cet-11780
      author: AIDIC
       title: CETvol87
        date: 2021-06-23
       words: 3536
      flesch: 37
     summary: Furthermore, the research and development of active food packaging films are also directed towards the use of natural materials and biodegradable polymers, with the aim of obtaining packaging that is not only performing in terms of food preservation but also with a lower impact than that caused, globally, by traditional disposable packaging. The results obtained are reported in terms of morphological characterization, migration tests, which have shown how it is possible to obtain a total release of the active compounds in 24 h under accelerated release conditions, showing the potential of these materials to be used as active food packaging.
    keywords: electrospinning; fibers; film; food; packaging; vanillin; zein
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        item: #1691 of 7527
          id: cet-11781
      author: AIDIC
       title: CETvol87
        date: 2021-06-23
       words: 3058
      flesch: 44
     summary: The improving FK-506 production can be done by mutant of S. tsukubaensis (Du et al., 2014; Sing et al., 2017) or from different nutrient media for ordinary S. tsukubaensis bacteria (Kino et al., 1987; Chen et al., 2012; Wang et al., 2017; Silva et al., 2019; Moreira et al., 2020). Kino et al. (1987) Streptomyces tsukubaensis Glycerol, corn starch, glucose, corn steep liquor, soluble starch, yeast extract Seed meal, corn steep liquor 13.6 Okuhara et al.
    keywords: contribution; et al; group; streptomyces; tacrolimus; tsukubaensis
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        item: #1692 of 7527
          id: cet-11782
      author: AIDIC
       title: CETvol87
        date: 2021-06-23
       words: 3497
      flesch: 53
     summary: Table 1: Experimental conditions to produce zein active film by solvent casting (C#) and electrospinning (E#) with different percentages of SCG extract. Experimental conditions for the tests performed for the production of zein and zein loaded with SCG extract film are reported in Table 1.
    keywords: casting; coffee; extract; films; food; scg; solvent; zein
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        item: #1693 of 7527
          id: cet-11783
      author: AIDIC
       title: CETvol87
        date: 2021-06-23
       words: 4462
      flesch: 40
     summary: Youssef N.H., Duncan K.E., Nagle D.P., Savage K.N., Knapp R.M., Mcinerney M.J., 2004, Comparison of methods to detect biosurfactants production by diverse microorganisms, Journal of Microbiological Methods, 56, 339-347. 594 https://www.hindawi.com/journals/amse/ https://www.hindawi.com/journals/amse/ https://www-sciencedirect.ez34.periodicos.capes.gov.br/science/journal/09608524 Therefore, this work aimed to optimize the fermentation parameters for biosurfactant production by the Antarctic yeast Candida sake, since to the best of our knowledge it was not investigated for this purpose yet.
    keywords: biosurfactant; concentration; fermentation; medium; oil; production; yeast
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        item: #1694 of 7527
          id: cet-11784
      author: AIDIC
       title: CETvol87
        date: 2021-06-23
       words: 3209
      flesch: 40
     summary: A number of proofs of the efficacy of active learning can be found elsewhere (Froyd, 2008). This paper reports on a group experience carried out at the University of Salerno (Italy) in the development of support material for active learning in a new master course in Food Processing and Innovation developed within an Erasmus+ project (FOODI, 2019), to be deployed in three southeast Asian countries (i.e., Cambodia, Malaysia and Thailand).
    keywords: approach; course; education; engineering; food; learning; process; project; teaching; university
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        item: #1695 of 7527
          id: cet-11786
      author: AIDIC
       title: CETvol87
        date: 2021-06-23
       words: 3328
      flesch: 38
     summary: 2.3 Identification of strong biofilm producing isolates by 16S rRNA genes sequencing Among biofilm formers, strong biofilm formation isolates were chosen to sequence. In the dairy industry, the formation of bacterial biofilms is a big risk because of the presence of a variety of microorganisms in raw milk leading to microbial spoilage and to deterioration of quality.
    keywords: aeromonas; biofilm; bt31; formation; https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nucleotide/ky623077.1?report=genbank&log$=nucltop&blast_rank=1&rid=wxjbufp0016; isolates; milk; raw; strain
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        item: #1696 of 7527
          id: cet-11787
      author: AIDIC
       title: CETvol87
        date: 2021-06-23
       words: 3595
      flesch: 49
     summary: Extra virgin olive oil (EVOO) has been used for its sensory and nutritional properties and belongs to the highest quality category of olive oil because it is extracted from fresh olive fruits using only physical processing with no added chemicals (International Olive Council, 2019). This results in increasing amounts of olive oil remaining unsold in farms.
    keywords: bamboo; bamboo charcoal; charcoal; deacidification; ffas; haoo; hexanal; oil; oils; olive; treatment
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        item: #1697 of 7527
          id: cet-11788
      author: AIDIC
       title: CETvol87
        date: 2021-06-23
       words: 3574
      flesch: 56
     summary: The optimized blend, obtained from the regression models and optimization procedure, contained 84.25 % of semi-whole grain soft wheat flour, 5% of soy flour, 2.75% of rice flour, and 8% of whole grain einkorn flour. 2. Methodology 2.1 Materials Commercial organic semi-whole grain soft wheat flour (“1” type according to the Italian flour classification), whole grain einkorn flour, rice flour and soy flour were considered for preparing pinsa romana (PR).
    keywords: content; einkorn; flour; rice; soy; values; wheat
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        item: #1698 of 7527
          id: cet-1179
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - CET--006.docx
        date: 2017-07-25
       words: 3197
      flesch: 46
     summary: 59, 2017 A publication of The Italian Association of Chemical Engineering Online at www.aidic.it/cet Guest Editors: Zhuo Yang, Junjie Ba, Jing Pan Copyright © 2017, AIDIC Servizi S.r.l. ISBN 978-88-95608- 49-5; ISSN 2283-9216 Research on the Sound Absorption Performance of Metal Rubber Material Based on BP Neural Network Yugang Chen Jiangxi Institute of Fashion Technology, Nanchang 330201, China 28941204@qq.com In this paper, in order to study on the sound absorption performance of metal rubber material, the BP neural network method is used to fulfilling the requirements of data processing. The structure constant is stable for metal rubber material with the same mean cavity diameters.
    keywords: absorption; frequency; material; metal; performance; rubber; sound; structure
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        item: #1699 of 7527
          id: cet-11790
      author: AIDIC
       title: CETvol87
        date: 2021-06-23
       words: 3236
      flesch: 35
     summary: Some researches about the use of Trichoderma spp strains show it increases the speed of germination, allows the decrease of spots on seeds which produce incidences to control weeds, likewise the results allow to have a clearer idea about its importance and the effect of strains on growth rice plants, therefore it is considered applicable in agricultural production (Núñez and Pavone., 2014). Results and discussion 3.1 Analysis of results in Trichoderma spp strain in soil Figure 1a shows the data obtained from the control group by the analysis performed on the soil of the Oryza sativa plantations with 19.28 mg / kg of imidacloprid and 26.81mg / kg of tebuconazole before the treatment; in the experimental group the Trichoderma spp strains were applied, finding in strain 1 (TS1) 6.89 mg / kg of imidacloprid and 9.5 mg / kg of tebuconazole, in strain 2 (T163 + TSI) 9.67 mg / kg of imidacloprid and 13.78 mg / kg of tebuconazole and finally in strain 3 (T163) 10.34 mg / kg of imidacloprid and 18.6 mg / kg of tebuconazole; it is important to mention that Trichoderma spp strains play a very important role to achieve the production efficiency, therefore people must know their function in decomposing organic matter, capacity of the circulation of nutrients, decrease of chemical load by agro-fertilizers in the soil, therefore this organism would be beneficial for making the agriculture more sustainable.
    keywords: growth; imidacloprid; oryza; plant; sativa; soil; spp; strain; tebuconazole; trichoderma
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        item: #1700 of 7527
          id: cet-11791
      author: AIDIC
       title: CETvol87
        date: 2021-06-23
       words: 2983
      flesch: 53
     summary: This work presents a separation of VitE from CPO in a bench scale process to attain a high concentration of VitE oil by methanol extraction, followed by fatty acid esterification and glycerides transesterification in the extract, and finally concentrated by high vacuum evaporation of fatty acid methyl esters. Degummed CPO was extracted 5 times using methanol and the amount of oil extract after methanol evaporation is shown in Figure 2.
    keywords: cpo; extract; fatty; methanol; oil; palm; vite
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        item: #1701 of 7527
          id: cet-11792
      author: AIDIC
       title: CETvol87
        date: 2021-06-23
       words: 4073
      flesch: 38
     summary: 3.4 Effect of particle size on essential oil yield Figure 2 depicts the effect of leaf particle size on the accumulative yield of citronella grass essential oil. 3.2 Effect of hydro-distillation time on essential oil yield The effect of the hydro-distillation time of citronella grass essential oil yield is also shown in Figure 1 (b).
    keywords: citronella; citronella grass; citronella oil; distillation; grass; hydro; oil; pre; time; ultrasound; yield
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        item: #1702 of 7527
          id: cet-11794
      author: None
       title: cet-11794
        date: 2021-11-02
       words: 9313
      flesch: 37
     summary: Wang et al. (2021) provides an overview of the water footprint methodology developments and pointed out the current research gap and potential directions in future research. It emphasises the interrelationships rather than an isolated system, which plays an essential role in Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) (Wang et al., 2021).
    keywords: analysis; carbon; chemical; co2; development; energy; engineering; et al; footprint; heat; integration; j.j; klemeš; optimisation; pinch; power; pres; process; process integration; production; systems; transactions; waste; water
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        item: #1703 of 7527
          id: cet-11795
      author: None
       title: cet-11795
        date: 2021-11-02
       words: 2210
      flesch: 57
     summary: This paper proposes and evaluates an optimized system of tidal turbines as a renewable energy generating unit in New Zealand. Generation of electricity with tidal turbines depends on the water currents and cut-in speed of the tidal turbines.
    keywords: w w
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        item: #1704 of 7527
          id: cet-11796
      author: None
       title: cet-11796
        date: 2021-11-02
       words: 3121
      flesch: 37
     summary: Figure 1: Layout of decarbonized natural gas combined cycle power plant The most important design elements of decarbonized NGCC power plant using calcium looping cycle are presented in Table 1 (Berstad et al., 2014; Cormos, 2020). The investigated decarbonized NGCC power plant can be designed in a flexible manner by exploiting the energy storage potential of the carbonate looping cycle (Prasad, 2019).
    keywords: capture; co2; cost; cycle; energy; looping; plant; power; sorbent; storage
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        item: #1705 of 7527
          id: cet-11797
      author: None
       title: cet-11797
        date: 2021-11-02
       words: 2873
      flesch: 40
     summary: Figure 3: Contour plots; (a) initial phosphate ion concentration and contact time versus phosphate ion removal %, (b) initial nitrate ion concentration and contact time versus nitrate ion removal % 4.5 Effect of adsorbent dose When the adsorbent dose increases, its specific surface area increases, leading to an increase in the availability of the reactive site for phosphate and nitrate ions adsorption. Nitrate ion removal 43.4 44.5 50.5
    keywords: concentration; ion; ions; nitrate; phosphate; removal; waste
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        item: #1706 of 7527
          id: cet-11798
      author: None
       title: cet-11798
        date: 2021-11-02
       words: 3861
      flesch: 58
     summary: Sensitivity analysis The effect of varying negative emissions target on the resources and total cost, as well as the effect of varying resource constraints on the total cost were investigated in this section. 34 Figure 2: Effect of varying negative emissions target on the (a) NET profile, (b) land use, (c) water use, (d) energy input, (e) nitrogen requirement, (f) phosphorous requirement, (g) total cost; and (h) the effect of varying resource constraints on total cost 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 2.18 3.05 3.92 4.80 5.67 6.54 N eg at iv e E m is si on s (G t C e q. /y ) Negative Emissions Target, Gt C eq./y BECCS Biochar DAC EW Total (a) 0 100 200 300 400 500 2.18 3.05 3.92 4.80 5.67 6.54W at er u se (c ub ic k m /y ) Negative Emissions Target, Gt C eq./y BECCS DAC EW Total (c) -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20 2.18 3.05 3.92 4.80 5.67 6.54 E ne rg y in pu t ( E J/ y) Negative Emissions Target, Gt C eq./y BECCS Biochar DAC EW Total (d) 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4 2.18 3.05 3.92 4.80 5.67 6.54 P ho sp ho ro us re qu ire m en t ( M t/y ) Negative Emissions Target, Gt C eq./y BECCS Biochar Total (f) 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 2.18 3.05 3.92 4.80 5.67 6.54 N itr og en r eq ui re m en t ( M t/y ) Negative Emissions Target, Gt C eq./y BECCS Biochar Total (e) -1,000 0
    keywords: constraints; cost; emissions; nets; resource; target; use
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        item: #1707 of 7527
          id: cet-11799
      author: None
       title: cet-11799
        date: 2021-11-02
       words: 3276
      flesch: 48
     summary: 40 Figure 2: Sector outputs without trade and with optimal trade Figure 3: Land footprints without trade and with optimal trade 5. The land footprint coefficient gives the area required per unit of annual economic output, which is notably larger in magnitude for agriculture than for the industry or services sectors.
    keywords: footprint; input; model; output; region; trade
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        item: #1708 of 7527
          id: cet-118
      author: TW
       title: cet-118
        date: 2017-10-04
       words: 4675
      flesch: 61
     summary: Tolchinsky Y. A., Ved' V. E., Zhantasov M. K., Satayev M. I., Saipov A. A., 2016, The longitudinal flow of oil and petroleum products in the channels and pipes, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 52, 265-270 DOI:10.3303/CET1652045 Volkov K.N., Yemelyanov V.N., 2008, Gas flow with particles. Out coming from the simple Henry's law, it is possible to calculate the volume fraction of gas phase emitted or absorbed from the following formula: Ф = 𝑑(𝐻𝑃ж) 𝑑𝑥 ∙ 𝑅𝑇 𝑀𝑃Г ; 𝐻 = 𝐻0𝑒 −𝑞 𝑅𝑇⁄ , (11) where 𝑅 – universal gas constant, J/kmol∙grad; 𝑞 – specific heat of gas isolation or absorption, J/kmol; 𝑀 – molar of gas, kg/kmol; 𝑃𝑓 and 𝑃𝑔 – pressure in fluid and gas in accordingly, PA.
    keywords: flow; fluid; gas; heat; model; phase; pressure
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        item: #1709 of 7527
          id: cet-1180
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - CET--006.docx
        date: 2017-07-25
       words: 3417
      flesch: 39
     summary: It is necessary to consider the influence of various factors on the stress, deformation and cost of the tunnel when calculation model of tunnel section is established. The weight of the steel bar in the two-lining concrete in the section, according to the results of post treatment of tunnel structure; 𝑃𝑠 - The price of steel bar per unit weight 6)
    keywords: algorithm; antibody; concrete; cost; design; optimization; section; tunnel
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        item: #1710 of 7527
          id: cet-11800
      author: None
       title: cet-11800
        date: 2021-11-02
       words: 3653
      flesch: 51
     summary: Effect of hydrothermal carbonization temperature on combustion behavior of hydrochar fuel from paper sludge. Effect of hydrothermal carbonization temperature on pH, dissociation constants, and acidic functional groups on hydrochar from cellulose and wood.
    keywords: carbon; carbonization; content; htc; hydrochar; paper; sludge
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        item: #1711 of 7527
          id: cet-11801
      author: None
       title: cet-11801
        date: 2021-11-02
       words: 3221
      flesch: 53
     summary: In the first step, a set of feasible water regeneration networks is generated using the conventional P-graph framework. Notably, Lim et al. (2017) had demonstrated how P-graph can be used for water network synthesis.
    keywords: energy; graph; heat; hens; model; network; synthesis; water
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        item: #1712 of 7527
          id: cet-11802
      author: None
       title: cet-11802
        date: 2021-11-02
       words: 3156
      flesch: 52
     summary: The efficiency of this system is further enhanced using process integration by identifying potential material or energy synergies between process units. Aside from this, economic and environmental benefits consideration are possible through integration of process units that could increase farmer revenues and decreased carbon emissions, respectively.
    keywords: graph; model; process; rice; sibr; vikor
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        item: #1713 of 7527
          id: cet-11803
      author: None
       title: cet-11803
        date: 2021-11-02
       words: 3511
      flesch: 44
     summary: Results show that economic systems which allow for partial substitution are more resilient when disruptions occur in certain sectors of the economy. Tan R.R., Aviso K.B., Foo D.C.Y., 2018, Carbon emissions pinch analysis of economic systems, Journal of Cleaner Production, 182, 863-871.
    keywords: graph; input; model; output; substitution
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        item: #1714 of 7527
          id: cet-11804
      author: None
       title: cet-11804
        date: 2021-11-02
       words: 3804
      flesch: 48
     summary: Within the top 10 countries with the most contribution to water impact of COVID-19 studies (18 authors), seven of which are within the top 10 countries with the most number of total infected cases. This paper provides a literature review of the impact of the COVID-19 spread-prevention measures on the water sectors, including general water network management, water quality and quantity, and wastewater treatment.
    keywords: covid-19; energy; impact; lockdown; pandemic; quality; review; studies; total; water
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        item: #1715 of 7527
          id: cet-11805
      author: None
       title: cet-11805
        date: 2021-11-02
       words: 3729
      flesch: 50
     summary: By comparing the original deterministic constraints, Eq(2) - Eq(4), with the equivalent constraints for a given degree of satisfaction, Eq(13) - Eq(15), modified parameters for interval Pinch Analysis can be identified: modified source flows as (𝜆𝑓𝑆𝑖 𝐿 + (1 − 𝜆)𝑓𝑆𝑖 𝑅 ), modified source qualities as (𝜆𝑞𝑆𝑖 𝑅 + (1 − 𝜆)𝑞𝑆𝑖 𝐿 ), modified demand flows as (𝜆𝑓𝐷𝑗 𝑅 + (1 − 𝜆)𝑓𝐷𝑗 𝐿 ), modified demand qualities as (𝜆𝑞𝐷𝑗 𝐿 + (1 − 𝜆)𝑞𝐷𝑗 𝑅 ), and modified resource quality as (𝜆𝑞𝑅 𝑅 + (1 − 𝜆)𝑞𝑅 𝐿 ). DOI: 10.3303/CET2188012 Paper Received: 30 June 2021; Revised: 22 September 2021; Accepted: 4 October 2021 Please cite this article as: Bandyopadhyay S., 2021, Incorporating Uncertainties in Pinch Analysis, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 88, 73-78 DOI:10.3303/CET2188012 CHEMICAL ENGINEERING TRANSACTIONS VOL.
    keywords: analysis; chem; conservation; eng; networks; pinch; resource; source; uncertainties
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        item: #1716 of 7527
          id: cet-11806
      author: None
       title: cet-11806
        date: 2021-11-02
       words: 3739
      flesch: 51
     summary: Allocation models for COVID-19 vaccines The models are intended to provide recommendations of vaccine allocation in the general population with respect to two alternative objectives. Both a linear programming model and a nonlinear programming model have been developed to determine the optimal allocation of COVID-19 vaccines that minimize fatalities and COVID-19 transmission, respectively.
    keywords: age; allocation; contact; covid-19; group; model; number; rates; vaccine
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        item: #1717 of 7527
          id: cet-11807
      author: None
       title: cet-11807
        date: 2021-11-02
       words: 3743
      flesch: 46
     summary: [min] 89 4. Conclusions In this research, the thermal performance of a three-layer thermocline TES tank is numerically investigated during charging and discharging cycles at varied PCM layer thicknesses. Thermal energy storage (TES) has drawn the interest of many scholars around the world due to its performance and cost-effectiveness in a wide variety of applications at different temperatures (low, medium, and high).
    keywords: energy; heat; hpcm; ipcm; pcm; tank; temperature; tes; thickness
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        item: #1718 of 7527
          id: cet-11808
      author: None
       title: cet-11808
        date: 2021-11-02
       words: 3243
      flesch: 41
     summary: This is attributed to a substantial increase towards sulfur conversion in diesel oil due to the formation of a more stable peroxometal complex that aids in the oxidation reaction of sulfur compounds through ultrasonic emulsification in fuel oil. Upon the oxidation of sulfur compounds in diesel oil, results suggested that the enhancement technique via ultrasonication, polyoxometalate catalyst and temperature were the only significant factors based on the p-value < 0.05.
    keywords: catalyst; desulfurization; diesel; fuel; oil; polyoxometalate; sulfur; temperature; time; uaod
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        item: #1719 of 7527
          id: cet-11809
      author: None
       title: cet-11809
        date: 2021-11-02
       words: 3392
      flesch: 57
     summary: The CPM with resource smoothing is the commonly used project management tool that defines the series of critical activities and other activities with slack. Resource smoothing is made when the fluctuation of needed resources does not have large variations with respect to the duration.
    keywords: activity; cpm; person; pinch; project; resource
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        item: #1720 of 7527
          id: cet-1181
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - CET--006.docx
        date: 2017-07-25
       words: 4097
      flesch: 58
     summary: j W T k k k k k k k k k ki n jk k γ b tr B B η W        R z μ z μ P (21) ( )( ) ( )( 1) ( )( 1) ( )( 1) | | 1 ˆ ˆ0.5[1 log( ) ] i n i n i n i n k k k k k k s s          (22) W refers to a measurement cell obtained currently after the distance partition (Granstrom et al., 2010), and |W| is the cardinal number of the set W. Equations are used to perform the Unscented Transform, while the parameter B in eq. 2 ( ; , , ) j j j j j k k k k k k k k k j j j j j k k k k k k k k k k h s s R a b s R a b           Χ z c e c c z m (6) h(𝑋𝑘 , 𝑠𝑘 (𝑗) , 𝑧𝑘 (𝑗) , 𝑐𝑘 (𝑗) ) maps the state vector 𝑋𝑘, the measurement noise vector 𝑐𝑘 (𝑗) , the scaling factor 𝑠𝑘 (𝑗) and the physical measurement vector 𝑧𝑘 (𝑗) into a pseudo-measurement 0.
    keywords: k k; noise; rhm; s k
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        item: #1721 of 7527
          id: cet-11810
      author: None
       title: cet-11810
        date: 2021-11-02
       words: 3122
      flesch: 51
     summary: The concept of an eco-industrial park is well applicable to a special type of resource conservation problems, called segregated resource conservation network, consisting of multiple set of demands called zones. 104 Figure 1: Structural representation of the constraint segregated resource conservation problem.
    keywords: cost; cross; graph; network; problem; resource; sources; zone
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        item: #1722 of 7527
          id: cet-11811
      author: None
       title: cet-11811
        date: 2021-11-02
       words: 3082
      flesch: 46
     summary: Typically, energy conservation projects need capital investments drawn from limited funding sources. In this work, Financial Pinch Analysis is extended to incorporate uncertainties for the appropriate selection of energy conservation projects.
    keywords: conservation; energy; funds; pinch; problem; projects
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        item: #1723 of 7527
          id: cet-11812
      author: None
       title: cet-11812
        date: 2021-11-02
       words: 3392
      flesch: 49
     summary: The effect of initial Cr(VI) concentration on microbial Cr(VI) reduction was studied using Sludge (III) bacterial consortia with varying initial Cr(VI) concentrations of 50 – 400 mg/L under aerobic conditions, and the results are shown in Figure 2. Figure 2: Kinetics of Cr(VI) reduction by Sludge (III) bacterial consortium under varying initial Cr(VI) concentration It can be seen that Cr(VI) reduction rate decreased with increasing initial Cr(VI) concentrations. The study shows that the bacteria consortium from a wastewater treatment plant could be effectively used as a bioremediation technique for the mitigation of treating high Cr(VI) from chrome foundry.
    keywords: bacteria; chromium; concentration; cr(vi; initial; reduction; sludge
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        item: #1724 of 7527
          id: cet-11813
      author: None
       title: cet-11813
        date: 2021-11-02
       words: 4039
      flesch: 54
     summary: The experiments are done for five experimental samples modelling the corrugated field of PHE channel with corrugation angle to the main flow direction 30 degrees, 45 degrees, 60 degrees and channel spacing 5 mm, 7.5 mm and 10 mm. This paper has presented the results of an experimental study supplemented by mathematical modelling of local process parameters for condensation of steam from the steam-air mixture in PHE channels formed by plates with different geometrical forms of corrugations.
    keywords: air; channel; heat; mixture; phe; pressure
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        item: #1725 of 7527
          id: cet-11814
      author: None
       title: cet-11814
        date: 2021-11-02
       words: 3933
      flesch: 57
     summary: The work is devoted to filling the gap in the study of the possibility of using rice husks as a reducing agent in tin metallurgy. The process of pyrolysis of rice husks and reduction of tin oxide using rice husks were compared with traditional reducing agents, coal and coke.
    keywords: husks; loss; reduction; rice; sno2; temperature; tin; weight
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        item: #1726 of 7527
          id: cet-11815
      author: None
       title: cet-11815
        date: 2021-11-02
       words: 2923
      flesch: 36
     summary: This work is expected to benefit researchers in understanding the research patterns and directions of total site heat integration, and in identifying the research gaps. Figure 2: Flowchart of publication selection process Step 2: Conduct search Five databases were searched to capture the majority of the applicable published work, using search strings on the research topic and questions.
    keywords: energy; heat; integration; process; publications; research; sites; total
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        item: #1727 of 7527
          id: cet-11816
      author: None
       title: cet-11816
        date: 2021-11-02
       words: 3512
      flesch: 58
     summary: Kasper A.C., Veit H.M., 2018, Gold recovery from printed circuit boards of mobile phones scraps using a leaching solution alternative to cyanide. Introduction The demand for precious metals gold, silver, platinum, palladium remains traditionally stable today.
    keywords: boards; circuit; components; figure; gold; silver; solder; solution; waste
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        item: #1728 of 7527
          id: cet-11817
      author: None
       title: cet-11817
        date: 2021-11-02
       words: 3062
      flesch: 49
     summary: Figure 4: Geometries of frost heat exchangers considered to remove CO2 from biogas Molar concentration of CO2 in biogas is frequently within a range of 20 % to 50 %. On the other hand, results for CO2 frosting from biogas showed how higher relative concentrations of CO2 increase heat transfer especially at the interface between the frost and the gas flow.
    keywords: biogas; co2; concentration; flux; frost; heat; mass; phase; surface; temperature
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        item: #1729 of 7527
          id: cet-11818
      author: None
       title: cet-11818
        date: 2021-11-02
       words: 3549
      flesch: 49
     summary: Due to wide selection of energy storage technologies with contrasting characteristics, strengths, and weaknesses, selection of the most appropriate technology for a specific type of application is a daunting task. Rahman, M.M., Oni, A.O., Gemechu, E., Kumar, A., 2020, Assessment of energy storage technologies: A review, Energy Conversion and Management, 223, 113295.
    keywords: battery; density; energy; energy storage; storage; technologies; technology; 𝑓𝑖𝑗
       cache: cet-11818.pdf
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        item: #1730 of 7527
          id: cet-11819
      author: None
       title: cet-11819
        date: 2021-11-02
       words: 3731
      flesch: 54
     summary: The objective function of the first stage is to minimize total energy consumption and the second is to minimize annual cost. A new graphical method for Pinch Analysis applications: HEN retrofit and energy integration, Energy, 81, 159-174.
    keywords: consumption; energy; gas; heat; hen; method; operation; purification; retrofit; tower
       cache: cet-11819.pdf
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        item: #1731 of 7527
          id: cet-1182
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - CET--006.docx
        date: 2017-07-25
       words: 2963
      flesch: 56
     summary: The main objective of road tunnel lighting with many changes in light and dark is to diminish dark AT (adaptation time) and through installing transitional lighting to meet the demand of the visual adaptation (Zhou et al., 2016). Different industries have studied the AT aimed at their specialty, but lack of the pertinence of road tunnel lighting.
    keywords: adaptation; dark; data; pupil; tunnel
       cache: cet-1182.pdf
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        item: #1732 of 7527
          id: cet-11820
      author: None
       title: cet-11820
        date: 2021-11-02
       words: 4231
      flesch: 55
     summary: This recovery is achieved by cleaning heavily fouled heat exchangers, modifying existing heat exchangers, enlarging existing heat exchangers, and adding new heat exchangers (one at a time, whenever possible), which are going to be elaborated below. They are relocating or re-piping of heat exchangers, adding new ones, or creating stream splits within the network.
    keywords: analysis; crude; exchangers; figure; fouling; heat; pinch
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        item: #1733 of 7527
          id: cet-11821
      author: None
       title: cet-11821
        date: 2021-11-02
       words: 3238
      flesch: 59
     summary: pk< pk+1<... pH-1< pH) Modify the pressures of the sources and demands based on the corollaries (Corollary 1 and 2) Consider all the sources and demands up to the pressure level pk-1 as the sources and demands of one pressure level, and the sources and demands at pressure level pk as a different pressure level. Calculate the compression work requirement between pk-1 and pk Consider the flows from pressure level pk-1 and pk as demands whereas flows from pk to pk-1 as sources for the pressure level pk-1 Lowest pressure level reached Sum all the compression work Wk End
    keywords: compression; demands; flow; level; pressure; sources; steam; work
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        item: #1734 of 7527
          id: cet-11822
      author: None
       title: cet-11822
        date: 2021-11-02
       words: 3231
      flesch: 65
     summary: Start Divide streams of each zone in time intervals Calculate resource requirement of each zone at different time intervals without using I.S Calculate T.B.N of each zone at a particular time and select highest TBN intervals Is any next TBN available for a particular time interval? Is pinch point jumped or TBN of a particular time interval used? For zone 1, streams present in time interval 0-1,1-2, and 2-3(h) are R1, L2, D3; R1, L1, L2, L3, D1, D2, D3; and R1, L1, D1, D2, D3 respectively.
    keywords: interval; time; zone; 𝐹𝑑𝑗
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        item: #1735 of 7527
          id: cet-11823
      author: None
       title: cet-11823
        date: 2021-11-02
       words: 3524
      flesch: 61
     summary: It was used for instance for the kinetics of CO2 absorption into ammonia aqueous solutions (Toro Molina and Bouallou, 2014) or CO2 absorption into aqueous blend of DPA and DMCA (Tristano et al., 2018). , the determination of the apparent kinetic constant kapp for CO2 absorption into the solvent at each temperature is: 𝑘𝑎𝑝𝑝 = 𝑘1,1[𝐻𝐴]𝑙
    keywords: absorption; co2; mdea; reaction; solvent; wt.%
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        item: #1736 of 7527
          id: cet-11824
      author: None
       title: cet-11824
        date: 2021-11-02
       words: 3958
      flesch: 45
     summary: Results and Discussion 3.1 Validation for CO2 capture using MEA The proposed model is validated considering CO2 absorption in MEA (Liu et al., 2016), due to the availability of modeling and experimental results in published literature. A publication of The Italian Association of Chemical Engineering Online at www.aidic.it/cet Guest Editors: Petar S. Varbanov, Yee Van Fan, Jiří J. Klemeš Copyright © 2021, AIDIC Servizi S.r.l. ISBN 978-88-95608-86-0; ISSN 2283-9216 Modeling and Parametric Investigation of Rotating Packed Bed Processes for CO2 Capture and Mineralisation Marianthi Dimoliania, Athanasios I. Papadopoulosa,*, Panos Seferlisa,b a Chemical Process & Energy Resources Institute (C.P.E.R.I.), Center for Research and Technology Hellas (CE.R.T.H.), 57001, Thermi-Thessaloniki, Greece b Department of Mechanical Engineering, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece spapadopoulos@certh.gr Rotating Packed Beds (RPB) are receiving increased attention in CO2 capture, due to their considerably lower volume compared to conventional packed-beds and their beneficial effects on process capital costs.
    keywords: absorption; capture; co2; film; gas; liquid; mass; model; rpb; theory
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        item: #1737 of 7527
          id: cet-11825
      author: None
       title: cet-11825
        date: 2021-11-02
       words: 3321
      flesch: 43
     summary: Since Chen et al. (2011) developed magnetic biochar derived from biomass to adsorb nutrients from wastewater, many researchers have studied the removal efficiency of biochars from a variety of feedstocks in removing various pollutants from wastewater. Sample Raw Sample 550 °C (m2/g) 650 °C (m2/g) SPS 1.42 31.89 109.64 RPS 0.19 21.67 135.28 MBC-SPS - 9.67 55.17 MBC-RPS - 18.41 76.81 195 Table 4:Raw sample and biochar XRF results 3.5 X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) The structure and phase purity of the feedstock and biochars were investigated by XRD and shown in Figure 1.
    keywords: analysis; biochar; carbonization; mbc; pyrolysis; rps; sps; temperature; wastewater
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        item: #1738 of 7527
          id: cet-11826
      author: None
       title: cet-11826
        date: 2021-11-02
       words: 3496
      flesch: 48
     summary: Optimal cooling, heating, and power energy systems play a crucial role in the regional multi-energy planning for ultimately reducing energy consumption to fulfil the regional energy demand. An optimal planning model for a solar-assisted solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) distributed energy system (DES) was designed by Jing et al.
    keywords: cost; energy; hydrogen; multi; objective; optimisation; pareto; power; scenario; storage; system
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        item: #1739 of 7527
          id: cet-11827
      author: None
       title: cet-11827
        date: 2021-11-02
       words: 3068
      flesch: 45
     summary: al. (2019), column operating pressures are chosen rather arbitrarily: for a first assessment of a PSD, is usually considered that the azeotropic composition must vary at least 5 percent, over not more than ten atmospheres between the two pressures (Perry and Green, 1998). Concerning thermodynamics, it has been reported that Aspen provides experimental data for the mixture of the study at high pressures, for this reason the UNIQUAC - Redlich Kwong model is selected.
    keywords: column; design; distillation; feed; mixture; pressure; swing; table
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        item: #1740 of 7527
          id: cet-11828
      author: None
       title: cet-11828
        date: 2021-11-02
       words: 3520
      flesch: 53
     summary: 986 0.999 Plastic 20.29 18 813 0.998 Air Cellulose 3.58 5 989 0.998 Plastic 0.1 4 334 0.999 Figure 1: Measured and fitted curves in nitrogen a) and air b) atmosphere 2.2 Determination of pyrolysis gas components In the previous chapter, the result of the calculation was the mass of the gas. ⋅ 𝐶𝑂2 0.5 ⋅ 𝐶𝐻2𝑂 0.5 ⋅ 𝐶𝐶𝑂 99.96 R3 𝐶𝐻4 + 1.5𝑂2 → 𝐶𝑂 + 𝐻2𝑂 𝑘𝐶𝐻4 ⋅ 𝐶𝑂2 0.8 ⋅ 𝐶𝐶𝐻4 0.7 0.26 R4 𝐶𝑎𝐻𝑏𝑂𝑐 + 𝑎 2 + 𝑏 4 − 𝑐 2 𝑂2 → 𝑎𝐶𝑂 + 𝑏 2 𝐻2𝑂 𝑘𝑡𝑎𝑟 ⋅ 𝑇 ⋅ 𝑝 0.3 ⋅ 𝐶𝑂2 ⋅ 𝐶𝑡𝑎𝑟 0.5 2.88ꞏ10-13 R5 2𝐶 + 𝑂2 → 2𝐶𝑂 𝑘𝐶 ⋅ 𝐶𝑂2 2.30ꞏ10 -5 214 Figure 3: Concentration of gas component after R1 a), after R2 b), after R3 c), after R4 and R5 d) 2.4 Determination of gas composition by integration of the pyrolysis zone The reduction and oxidation zones have been treated separately in previous studies (Salem and Paul, 2018).
    keywords: approach; composition; gas; mass; model; oxidation; pyrolysis; waste; zone
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        item: #1741 of 7527
          id: cet-11829
      author: None
       title: cet-11829
        date: 2021-11-02
       words: 3988
      flesch: 47
     summary: This scrubber is the first unit of the coke oven gas purification process. Conclusions This study used the equilibrium-stage model and rate-based model to simulate the H2S scrubber used for the coke oven gas purification process in a Hungarian coke oven plant.
    keywords: coke; gas; h2s; model; oven; process; purification; rate; technology; water
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        item: #1742 of 7527
          id: cet-1183
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - CET--006.docx
        date: 2017-07-25
       words: 2977
      flesch: 57
     summary: Li Z.T., Chen Q., Zhu G.M., Choi Y.J., Sekiya H., 2015, A low latency, energy efficient mac protocol for wireless sensor networks, International Journal of Distributed Sensor Networks, 2015(6), 17, DOI: 10.1155/2015/946587. Yang H., Ye F., Yuan Y., Lu S., Arbaugh W., 2005, Toward resilient security in wireless sensor networks.
    keywords: control; data; network; sensor; soil; system; t s; t t; temperature; wireless
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        item: #1743 of 7527
          id: cet-11830
      author: None
       title: cet-11830
        date: 2021-11-02
       words: 3571
      flesch: 55
     summary: There was some deviation at 0.5C towards the end of discharge, but this was acceptable as the battery is operated above 20 % SOC in energy systems studies. In this work, a reduced-order ECM for Li-ion LFP was developed for use in energy systems modeling.
    keywords: battery; energy; ion; model; modeling; multiphysics; order; systems
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        item: #1744 of 7527
          id: cet-11831
      author: None
       title: cet-11831
        date: 2021-11-02
       words: 3344
      flesch: 49
     summary: As in average, the energy density of MH is higher than current technology of lithium based electric battery, with further development in hydrogen utilization efficiency, the idea of hydrogen car uses MH bed for hydrogen storage is already promising. The result shows a promising usability, and an adsorption performance has been improved by the application of TPMS MH bed compared to traditional MH tank design.
    keywords: bed; energy; heat; hydrogen; performance; storage; tpms; transfer
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        item: #1745 of 7527
          id: cet-11832
      author: None
       title: cet-11832
        date: 2021-11-02
       words: 3332
      flesch: 54
     summary: Performance evaluation Two energy efficiencies are used in this study to evaluate the performance: NH3 production efficiency (ηNH3), power generation efficiency (ηpower). 4. Conclusion The proposed system shows power energy efficiency of up to 1.96 % and NH3 production efficiency of up to 5.77 %, under conditions of the S/B ratio of 0.7, reduction temperature of 900 °C, and recycled-to-feed stream ratio of 3.5.
    keywords: chemical; efficiency; energy; gas; nh3; process; rice; steam
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        item: #1746 of 7527
          id: cet-11833
      author: None
       title: cet-11833
        date: 2021-11-02
       words: 3862
      flesch: 50
     summary: Tiskatine R., Aharoune A., Bouirden L., Ihlal A., 2017, Identification of suitable storage materials for solar thermal power plant using selection methodology, Applied Thermal Engineering, 117, 591 - 608. Yang J., Wang Q., Zeng M., Nakayama A., 2010, Computational study of forced convective heat transfer in structured packed beds with spherical or ellipsoidal particles, Chemical Engineering Science, 65, 726 - 738. Zanganeh G., Khanna R., Walser C., Pedretti A., Haselbacher A., Steinfeld A., 2015, Experimental and numerical investigation of combined sensible–latent heat for thermal energy storage at 575 °C and above, Solar Energy, 114, 77 - 90. Li B., Ju F., 2018, Thermal stability of granite for high temperature thermal energy storage in concentrating solar power plants, Applied Thermal Engineering, 138, 409 - 416. Löf G.O.G., Hawley R.W., 1948, Unsteady-state heat transfer between air and loose solids, Industrial Chemical Engineering, 40, 1061- 1070.
    keywords: bof; energy; heat; quartzite; river; rock; slag; storage; tank; tes; thermocline
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        item: #1747 of 7527
          id: cet-11834
      author: None
       title: cet-11834
        date: 2021-11-02
       words: 4216
      flesch: 44
     summary: 2. Empirical correlations for characterisation of water spray cooling Experimental investigation of spray cooling is expensive and time-consuming. Influencing parameters in correlations for water spray cooling The correlations considered in this study involve four parameters (inputs): the water spray density �̇�, the surface temperature 𝑇𝑠 of the cooled surface, the temperature 𝑇𝑤 of water used in the spray, and the caster- dependent parameter 𝛼.
    keywords: cooling; correlations; htc; spray; surface; water
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        item: #1748 of 7527
          id: cet-11835
      author: None
       title: cet-11835
        date: 2021-11-02
       words: 3801
      flesch: 56
     summary: Mathematical programming model for heat exchanger network synthesis including detailed heat exchanger designs. However, processes are becoming increasingly dynamic and should be able to operate over a range of operational periods to address changes in market, seasonality, and start-up and shutdown.
    keywords: algorithm; design; exchanger; heat; periods; shell; tube
       cache: cet-11835.pdf
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        item: #1749 of 7527
          id: cet-11836
      author: None
       title: cet-11836
        date: 2021-11-02
       words: 3240
      flesch: 42
     summary: Cormos A.M., Vasile M., Cristea M.V., 2015, Flexible operation of CO2 capture processes integrated with power plant using advanced control techniques, Computer Aided Chemical Engineering 37,1547-1552. Cristea V.M., Burca M. I., Ilea F. M., Cormos A. M., 2020, Efficient decentralized control of the post combustion CO2 capture plant for flexible operation against influent flue gas disturbances, Energy, 205,117960.
    keywords: buffer; capture; carbon; carbon capture; co2; control; mea; system; temperature
       cache: cet-11836.pdf
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        item: #1750 of 7527
          id: cet-11837
      author: None
       title: cet-11837
        date: 2021-11-02
       words: 3874
      flesch: 55
     summary: However, the installation of RO was primarily beneficial for the resort island wherein electricity costs increased by only 0.8 % from the HRES scenario and water costs were 80 % lower than current rates in surrounding islands. In the residential island, the water level was frequently close to the 20 % minimum, hence an additional electrical capacity was required for water generation.
    keywords: demand; diesel; energy; hres; islands; systems; techno; usd; water
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        item: #1751 of 7527
          id: cet-11838
      author: None
       title: cet-11838
        date: 2021-11-02
       words: 3625
      flesch: 56
     summary: Schilz M. and Plenio H., 2012, A Guide to Sonogashira Cross-coupling Reactions: the Influence of Substituents in Aryl Bromides, Acetylenes, and Phosphines, J. Org. In this work, the effect of reaction conditions (temperature and composition of the reaction mixture) on the Cu- free Sonogashira cross-coupling of 4-iodoanisole (IAn) and phenylacethylene using nanoparticulate ligandless palladium catalyst based on hyper-cross-linked aromatic polymer (HAP) was studied.
    keywords: conversion; coupling; cross; ian; mmol; phac; reaction; sonogashira
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        item: #1752 of 7527
          id: cet-11839
      author: None
       title: cet-11839
        date: 2021-11-02
       words: 3777
      flesch: 53
     summary: Currently, there are many heterogeneous catalytic systems for the transformation of LA into GVL: mono- and bimetallic systems based on non-noble (Ni (Hengst et al, 2015), Cu (Yanase et al., 2020), Zr (Demolis et al., 2014)) and noble (Ru (Piskun et al., 2018), Pd (Muñoz-Olasagasti, 2019), Ir (Wang et al., 2020)) metals, among which Ru is one of the most widely used one. As a result of processing of lignocellulosic biomass, a number of valuable chemical compounds can be obtained (Protsenko et al., 2016): furfural, 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (Garcia-Sancho at al., 2017), valeric acid, levulinic acid (LA) and other carboxylic acids and their esters (Yan et al., 2015).
    keywords: acid; catalyst; catalytic; hbeta; hydrogenation; hzsm-5; levulinic; reaction
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        item: #1753 of 7527
          id: cet-1184
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - CET--006.docx
        date: 2017-07-25
       words: 3233
      flesch: 57
     summary: Detail design for software and hardware The software and hardware of water supply test system controlled by PLC were design independently, whose compatibility should be ensured. Considering the functional demands of water supply test system, this test system adopted Siemens’s PLC chip, S7-200, as it’s CPU, which has been widely used and has a stable performance track record.
    keywords: control; design; plc; supply; system; test; water
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        item: #1754 of 7527
          id: cet-11840
      author: None
       title: cet-11840
        date: 2021-11-02
       words: 2960
      flesch: 53
     summary: For this reason, the choice of catalyst support is an urgent task. The main properties of this material are the following: density 2.1 - 2.4 g/cm3, compressive strength 100 - 200 MPa, electrical 283 conductivity 1,500 Sm/m, thermal conductivity 3.8 Wt/m, adsorption capacity 20 m2/g. Such properties make this material suitable for catalyst support.
    keywords: acid; activity; catalyst; conversion; deoxygenation; figure; process; schungite
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        item: #1755 of 7527
          id: cet-11841
      author: None
       title: cet-11841
        date: 2021-11-02
       words: 3251
      flesch: 45
     summary: It is characteristic that a noticeable increase in the yields of gluconic (from 8.7 % to 12 %) and, especially, glucaric (from 8.7 % to 24 %) acids is observed precisely in the interval 130 - 140 °C, when the accelerated decomposition of cellobionic acid forms an additional amount of gluconic acid, which is rapidly oxidised at high temperatures to glucaric acid. Gluconic acid is formulated in many food, pharmaceutical and hygiene products; used in the textile and metallurgical industry (Ramachandran et al., 2006).
    keywords: acid; catalyst; cellobiose; conversion; glucaric; gluconic; hps; oxidation
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        item: #1756 of 7527
          id: cet-11842
      author: None
       title: cet-11842
        date: 2021-11-02
       words: 3649
      flesch: 50
     summary: Due to the ability of acid sites to accelerate the fructose dehydration reaction, glucose isomerization to fructose, and 5-HMF rehydration to form levulinic acid, the reaction activity of the modified zeolites has increased significantly. The amount of ammonia was converted to the number of surface acid sites.
    keywords: acid; catalysts; hmf; levulinic; sample; surface; wo3; zeolites; zsm-5
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        item: #1757 of 7527
          id: cet-11843
      author: None
       title: cet-11843
        date: 2021-11-02
       words: 3444
      flesch: 50
     summary: The number of unknown parameters varied from one to seven (in case of the description of the relationship of effective heat capacity on temperature, which was parameterized in the form of an asymmetric Gaussian function). (1) where T is temperature, 𝜌 is density, 𝜏 is time, 𝑘 is thermal conductivity, ceff stands for effective heat capacity and x is the spatial coordinate in the direction of the thickness of PCM layer.
    keywords: air; heat; inverse; method; optimisation; parameters; pcm
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        item: #1758 of 7527
          id: cet-11844
      author: None
       title: cet-11844
        date: 2021-11-02
       words: 2941
      flesch: 44
     summary: When the budget of uncertainty Γ is incorporated into the nominal model for uncertainty in inlet temperature Eq (3), the modified formulation is as follows: ∑ 𝑓(𝑖𝑗) 𝑁𝑠 𝑖=1 ∗ 𝑇𝑖𝑛(𝑖) + 𝐻𝑈(𝑗) The same has also been fed to the GAMS program based on the Eqs(7) – (9) and run the program for the budget of uncertainty Γ from 0 to 4 at an interval of 0.1.
    keywords: heat; hen; inlet; temperature; uncertainty; utility; 𝑇𝑖𝑛
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        item: #1759 of 7527
          id: cet-11845
      author: None
       title: cet-11845
        date: 2021-11-02
       words: 4248
      flesch: 40
     summary: For this study purpose, the lignified biowastes correspond to solid waste biomass that presents a lignin content above 15 % g/g on a dry and ash-free basis (Aristizábal-marulanda et al., 2019). Table 2: Estimated maximum production of biowaste-based olefin, BTX, and power cogeneration from Japanese lignocellulosic waste biomass in 2018.
    keywords: biomass; biowaste; btx; conversion; japan; olefins; production; waste
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        item: #1760 of 7527
          id: cet-11846
      author: None
       title: cet-11846
        date: 2021-11-02
       words: 3887
      flesch: 40
     summary: MedZEB Protocol process scheme The MedZEB Protocol consists of a preliminary phase followed by four operational phases, as shown in Figure 3. MedZEB Protocol features This paragraph provides the description of the MedZEB Protocol, its definition and objectives, and focusing on its relevant features and main constituent parts.
    keywords: costs; energy; loa; medzeb; medzeb protocol; process; protocol; renovation; step
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        item: #1761 of 7527
          id: cet-11847
      author: None
       title: cet-11847
        date: 2021-11-02
       words: 4269
      flesch: 28
     summary: Detailed overview of renovation solutions: in-depth analysis of contents and parameters (technical and a financial) of the abacus of POS developed by HAPPEN;  Expert POS Calculator: Introduction Deep renovation markets of the Med area share complex unsolved challenges, related e.g. to the fragmentation of the market, the high ratio of private ownership, peculiar climatic and environmental conditions, socio- economic backgrounds, and low trust in deep renovation.
    keywords: approach; building; energy; happen; medzeb; owners; platform; pos; renovation; retrofitting; solutions; step; tools
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        item: #1762 of 7527
          id: cet-11848
      author: None
       title: cet-11848
        date: 2021-11-02
       words: 3716
      flesch: 46
     summary: The composition of samples of liquid pyrolysis products was determined by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. A publication of The Italian Association of Chemical Engineering Online at www.cetjournal.it Guest Editors: Petar S. Varbanov, Yee Van Fan, Jiří J. Klemeš Copyright © 2021, AIDIC Servizi S.r.l. ISBN 978-88-95608-86-0; ISSN 2283-9216 Slow Pyrolysis of Flax Production Waste Yuri Lugovoy*, Kirill Chalov, Yuri Kosivtsov, Alexander Sidorov, Mikhail G. Sulman Tver State Technical University, Department of Biotechnology and Chemistry, 170026, Russia, Tver, A. Nikitina, 22 pn-just@yandex.ru The slow pyrolysis of flax shive and the cellulose residue of flax shive obtained by ethanolysis was studied in this work.
    keywords: cellulose; cellulose residue; flax shive; liquid; products; pyrolysis; residue; samples; temperature
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        item: #1763 of 7527
          id: cet-11849
      author: None
       title: cet-11849
        date: 2021-11-02
       words: 3053
      flesch: 51
     summary: M., Murtazaev S. A. Yu., 2008, Effective concretes for construction and restoration works using concrete scrap and waste ash from TPP, Vestnik MGSU, 3, 124-127. This indicates a lower water content in the samples and, accordingly, a change in the structure during the formation of mineral building materials.
    keywords: ash; building; concentrate; loss; materials; mineral; samples; slag; waste
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        item: #1764 of 7527
          id: cet-1185
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - CET--006.docx
        date: 2017-07-25
       words: 3505
      flesch: 48
     summary: 4. Algorithm simulation of ceramic kiln system temperature control According to the transfer function (15), we established the simulation model as Figure 1. 59, 2017 A publication of The Italian Association of Chemical Engineering Online at www.aidic.it/cet Guest Editors: Zhuo Yang, Junjie Ba, Jing Pan Copyright © 2017, AIDIC Servizi S.r.l. ISBN 978-88-95608- 49-5; ISSN 2283-9216 Research on the Design of Ceramic Kiln Control System Based on PID Jie Zhang School of Art Design, Luoyang Normal University, Luoyang 471002, China Jie@163.com In this paper, the author discussed the application and design of ceramic kiln control system based on PID.
    keywords: air; control; heat; kiln; pid; process; room; system; temperature; temperature control
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        item: #1765 of 7527
          id: cet-11850
      author: None
       title: cet-11850
        date: 2021-11-02
       words: 3321
      flesch: 48
     summary: Then, a comparison of the main economic criteria of retrofit options for different historical periods (periods of crisis: a steep rise and a drop of energy price; stable periods: a period with remain flat of energy) was performed. The approach assesses the economic criteria of different HEN retrofit options under energy price dynamic and time of the retrofit.
    keywords: cost; energy; option; period; price; project; retrofit; unit; year
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        item: #1766 of 7527
          id: cet-11851
      author: None
       title: cet-11851
        date: 2021-11-02
       words: 3915
      flesch: 55
     summary: An optimal design of CHP energy system would synergise the electricity and gas systems, and it is known as a multi-energy system (MES). The developed OCM considers the variability in TIC and TOM of different EH components and subsequently, decide their integration in energy system.
    keywords: chp; chp(s; cost; electricity; energy; ess; grid; model; myr; ocm; tac
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        item: #1767 of 7527
          id: cet-11852
      author: None
       title: cet-11852
        date: 2021-11-02
       words: 3773
      flesch: 59
     summary: Zhu, H. J., Qi, Y. H., 2019, Numerical investigation of flow erosion of sand-laden oil flow in a U-bend, Process Safety and Environmental Protection 131: 16-27. 360 In this paper, the research of continuous elbow erosion is limited by two variables.
    keywords: bend; elbow; erosion; figure; flow; gas; pipe; rate; velocity
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        item: #1768 of 7527
          id: cet-11853
      author: None
       title: cet-11853
        date: 2021-11-02
       words: 3069
      flesch: 51
     summary: A method for the multi-objective optimization of the operation of natural gas pipeline networks considering supply reliability and operation efficiency, Computers & Chemical Engineering, 131, p.106584. Martin A., Möller M., Moritz S., 2006, Mixed-integer models for the stationary case of gas network optimization, Mathematical Programming, 105(2), 563-582.
    keywords: compression; demand; deviation; energy; gas; goal; model
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        item: #1769 of 7527
          id: cet-11854
      author: None
       title: cet-11854
        date: 2021-11-02
       words: 2834
      flesch: 45
     summary: Figure 2: Relation of reaction ratio of desulfurization and molecular structures Table 1: Average reaction ratios in each total numbers of rings Total numbers of rings (=benzene + naphthene) 1 2 3 4 5 collinearity coefficient Sample 1 (Ave. reaction ratio) 0.950 0.812 0.786 0.728 0.749 -0.878 Sample 2 (Ave. reaction ratio) 0.840 0.737 0.656 0.526 0.197 -0.952 370 Table 2: Relationship between reaction ratios and molecular structures (increase of naphthene rings)
    keywords: components; core; desulfurization; naphthene; ratio; reaction; rings; structures
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        item: #1770 of 7527
          id: cet-11855
      author: None
       title: cet-11855
        date: 2021-11-02
       words: 3576
      flesch: 52
     summary: However, biomass supply chains frequently face a challenge in large-scale uptake due to the lack of cooperation and coordination among supply chain players. In the context of biomass supply chains, conflict analysis can be adapted to model the relationships between supply chain players based on their preferences towards specific issues or policies.
    keywords: analysis; chain; conflict; model; players; supply
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        item: #1771 of 7527
          id: cet-11856
      author: None
       title: cet-11856
        date: 2021-11-02
       words: 3406
      flesch: 45
     summary: The results support that the proposed process enhances phenol degradation. Previous studies of phenol degradation with sonophotocatalysis using US of lower frequencies have been extensively studied.
    keywords: degradation; frequency; mist; particles; phenol; process; tio2; water
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        item: #1772 of 7527
          id: cet-11857
      author: None
       title: cet-11857
        date: 2021-11-02
       words: 2711
      flesch: 50
     summary: Based on this approach, the proposed grey box vehicle model is shown in Figure 2. 386 Figure 2: Proposed vehicle model for driving strategy optimization for energy saving purposes 3. Figure 4: Example of cornering resistance determination in case of cornering radius of 45 m Figure 5: Vehicle dependent extended resistance force model 389 5.
    keywords: cornering; driving; energy; force; model; optimization; resistance; vehicle
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        item: #1773 of 7527
          id: cet-11858
      author: None
       title: cet-11858
        date: 2021-11-02
       words: 3109
      flesch: 48
     summary: In this study a hybrid fault detection approach using both parity relation methods and a Fuzzy Expert System (FES) to analyse and detect process faults in a distillation unit is introduced. Parity relations observe differences between idealized and actual system responses through the use of a model and subject them to a linear transformation to generate residuals characteristic of process faults.
    keywords: data; detection; fault; figure; fouling; parity; process; reboiler; system
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        item: #1774 of 7527
          id: cet-11859
      author: None
       title: cet-11859
        date: 2021-11-02
       words: 2970
      flesch: 48
     summary: Figure 4 presents the thermal resistance for in tube condensation heat transfer; for a mass flux of 200 kg m-2s- 1. Condensation heat transfer characteristics were experimentally investigated to determine the heat transfer performance inside enhanced heat transfer tubes and smooth tubes; with tubes produced using different tube materials (copper and stainless steel); using R410A; for a variety of operating conditions.
    keywords: condensation; conductivity; heat; mass; performance; surface; transfer; tube
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        item: #1775 of 7527
          id: cet-1186
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - CET--006.docx
        date: 2017-07-25
       words: 3209
      flesch: 59
     summary: Wang S.H., 2008, Design of air quality monitoring system based on GPRS. Air quality automatic monitoring system can monitor more projects, which are CO, NO, NO2, SO2, particulate matter, wind speed and wind direction, etc.
    keywords: air; alarm; concentration; light; module; monitoring; pm2.5; system; time
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        item: #1776 of 7527
          id: cet-11860
      author: None
       title: cet-11860
        date: 2021-11-02
       words: 4175
      flesch: 49
     summary: Table 5: Confusion matrix for GHG emissions model Actual category Predicted category 1 2 3 Unclassified 1 12 1 0 5 2 3 2 0 15 3 1 0 0 1 5. Future work also should focus on exploration of alternative reducts and rule sets coupled with k-fold validation.
    keywords: cities; data; emissions; energy; ghg; intensity; models; patterns; rules; set
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        item: #1777 of 7527
          id: cet-11861
      author: None
       title: cet-11861
        date: 2021-11-02
       words: 4250
      flesch: 40
     summary: Seven scenarios have been evaluated to generate optimal multi-owner POBC business models achieving 7-13 % improvements in economic potential. Given a set of processes p and resources i considered in POM, POR and CHP facilities, essential data for process conversion, cost factors for technology investment, resource transportation, process operation and facility construction, the optimal flowsheet of multi-owner POBC is generated with maximum EP. 
    keywords: cost; facility; model; oil; owner; palm; pobc; pom
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        item: #1778 of 7527
          id: cet-11862
      author: None
       title: cet-11862
        date: 2021-11-02
       words: 3469
      flesch: 61
     summary: Both feed water heating and indirect steam drying require extracted steam as the heat source, and both methods result in increased power plant efficiency. Power plant efficiency increases with the number of feed water heaters (El-Wakil, 1984).
    keywords: biomass; feed; fuel; plant; power; steam; water
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        item: #1779 of 7527
          id: cet-11863
      author: None
       title: cet-11863
        date: 2021-11-02
       words: 3964
      flesch: 55
     summary: Yang, Y. Y., Xiang, J. L., 2019, Modeling of CO2 adsorption and recovery from wet flue gas by using activated carbon. The mathematical model simulates adsorption step of VSA cycle with a bulk separation of a binary gas mixture of N2 and CO2.
    keywords: adsorption; bed; capture; co2; column; cycle; flue; gas; pressure; process; step; vsa
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        item: #1780 of 7527
          id: cet-11864
      author: None
       title: cet-11864
        date: 2021-11-02
       words: 3705
      flesch: 55
     summary: The RE-dependent systems in larger islands had lower LCOEs than the diesel-dependent systems in smaller islands, which is consistent with the results of other researchers (Ocon & Bertheau, 2019). In this regard, the transition to HRES also decreased the subsidy requirements and even made large islands profitable.
    keywords: diesel; electricity; energy; grid; hres; islands; kwh; techno; usd
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        item: #1781 of 7527
          id: cet-11865
      author: None
       title: cet-11865
        date: 2021-11-02
       words: 3520
      flesch: 57
     summary: The nonlinear algebraic equations of SOEC model were solved by using MATLAB. Parameters YSZ-SOEC LSGM-SOEC Operating temperature (°C) 800 650 Pressure (bar) 1 1 Inlet gas composition at anode channel 49.7% H2O, 25% CO2, 25% H2, and 3% CO 50% H2O, 0% CO2, 50% H2, and 0% CO Inlet gas compositions at cathode channel 21% O2, 79% N2 21% O2, 79% N2 Cathode thickness (µm) 500 600 Anode thickness (µm) 50 20 Electrolyte thickness (µm) 50 16 (a) (b) Figure 1: Comparison between the predicted results from SOEC model and the experimental results (a) YSZ- SOEC and (b) LSGM-SOEC.
    keywords: cell; co2; electrolysis; lsgm; soec; ysz
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        item: #1782 of 7527
          id: cet-11866
      author: None
       title: cet-11866
        date: 2021-11-02
       words: 3245
      flesch: 45
     summary: Strategy of purifier selection and integration in hydrogen networks, Chemical Engineering Research and Design, 82(10), 1315–1330. Therefore, hydrogen production itself is an energy-intensive process and thus could generate significant amounts of CO2.
    keywords: cluster; co2; cost; emissions; energy; hydrogen; network; production
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        item: #1783 of 7527
          id: cet-11867
      author: None
       title: cet-11867
        date: 2021-11-02
       words: 2992
      flesch: 47
     summary: Compared with traditional numerical method, PINN transformed the problem of solving differential equations into the optimization of loss functions by automatic differentiation. The developed PINN provided an alternative solution to the traditional numerical methods for constructing high- fidelity surrogate model of coal gasification system without simulation data.
    keywords: coal; core; loss; model; network; physics; pinn; reaction
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        item: #1784 of 7527
          id: cet-11868
      author: None
       title: cet-11868
        date: 2021-11-02
       words: 3391
      flesch: 53
     summary: It will assist the decision-maker to choose feasible production targets. The capacity limitations of production units and storage and are expressed by the constraints given in Eq(2).
    keywords: batch; data; model; process; production
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        item: #1785 of 7527
          id: cet-11869
      author: None
       title: cet-11869
        date: 2021-11-02
       words: 4183
      flesch: 34
     summary: (2020) Maize Improved plant height, increased antioxidant enzymatic activities under salinity stress Feng et al. (2019) Potato Stimulated growth, enhanced immune response to late blight disease Zhang et al. (2020) 4. Environmental benefits derived from R. palustris application in the agricultural context Previous studies have demonstrated the capability of R. palustris to reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, reduce salt and heavy metal concentration, and improve soil health in various agricultural applications. The inclusion of R. palustris application in other fields (e.g., wastewater treatment, biofuel production) can be further reviewed to provide a more comprehensive overview of R. palustris as commercial multi-functional bacteria.
    keywords: agriculture; application; bio; et al; fertilisers; growth; palustris; plant; plant growth; potential; production; rhodopseudomonas; rice; soil; stress
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        item: #1786 of 7527
          id: cet-1187
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - CET--006.docx
        date: 2017-07-25
       words: 2793
      flesch: 51
     summary: Zhang J., Wang M., Chao S., Wang W., He Y., Chen Z., 012, Electrochemical detection of sudan This paper analyzes the detection mechanism of electrochemical sensor by integrating nanotechnology with electrochemical analysis, and achieves excellent detection results after applying the proposed method to detect the clenbuterol (CB) and chloramphenicol (CAP) in food.
    keywords: cap; detection; doi; food; method; sensor; time
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        item: #1787 of 7527
          id: cet-11870
      author: None
       title: cet-11870
        date: 2021-11-02
       words: 3777
      flesch: 47
     summary: The aim is to cluster points in a transport network unevenly, with fine detail (more smaller clusters) in the vicinity of a chosen reference point, where any change in the infrastructure in the reference point (e.g., increased capacity) might have large impact on the optimal flow allocations. In order to use the k-means algorithm to cluster points based on a distance from a reference point 𝑥𝑟 =
    keywords: clustering; clusters; distance; means; network; point; reduction; reference
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        item: #1788 of 7527
          id: cet-11871
      author: None
       title: cet-11871
        date: 2021-11-02
       words: 3450
      flesch: 49
     summary: Separation process: tool overview The separation process is performed at the end of the exponential growth phase of the phototrophic microalgal cultivation. Dosage of coagulant/flocculant if applied (kg)  Efficiency of separation process 1 (%)  Efficiency of separation process 2 if applied (%) 3.
    keywords: energy; harvesting; mass; process; separation; suspension; water
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        item: #1789 of 7527
          id: cet-11872
      author: None
       title: cet-11872
        date: 2021-11-02
       words: 3987
      flesch: 39
     summary: Also, none of the current literature on natural gas liquefaction process optimization used the full potential of surrogate-based methods, which is introducing simple algebraic formulation to the black-box functions for efficient gradient-based optimization. Ghorbani et al. (2016) investigated the economic and exergetic optimization of C3MR natural gas liquefaction process using a GA employing single and multi- objective functions with Aspen HYSYS for process simulations.
    keywords: box; gas; gas liquefaction; liquefaction; optimization; problem; process
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        item: #1790 of 7527
          id: cet-11873
      author: None
       title: cet-11873
        date: 2021-11-02
       words: 2651
      flesch: 52
     summary: It should be noted that most of the papers on the pollution of the aquatic environment with oil products is mainly devoted to either modeling the flow of oil in pipes and assessing damage in case of rupture of oil pipelines (Sun, 2012), or accidental pollution of the seas from ships. Figures 6 a) and b) show the dynamics of the release of oil products for various sizes of holes in oil pipelines: a) S1 = 0.0225 m2 and b) S2 = 0.09 m2.
    keywords: distribution; figure; flow; oil; pipeline; pollution; products; river
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        item: #1791 of 7527
          id: cet-11874
      author: None
       title: cet-11874
        date: 2021-11-02
       words: 3529
      flesch: 55
     summary: The theoretical potential of LOX supply in electricity price peak was found to be around 10-14 % of cost-saving compared with the daily operation of PSA unit when the off- peak average electricity price was from 90 to 86 % of the daily average electricity price respectively. Two options were analyzed: i) LOX supply at electricity price peak, and ii) liquid oxygen energy storage (LOES).
    keywords: cost; electricity; eur; oxygen; price; psa; unit
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        item: #1792 of 7527
          id: cet-11875
      author: None
       title: cet-11875
        date: 2021-11-02
       words: 3682
      flesch: 46
     summary: Hence, its application leads to improved criteria for designing sustainable WW treatment processes. Furthermore, the P-graph approach can provide alternate feasible treatment structures ranked based on Economics as well as Sustainability indicators, such as the Sustainable Process Index (SPI).
    keywords: cost; engineering; graph; process; spi; stage; structure; tannery; treatment; wastewater
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        item: #1793 of 7527
          id: cet-11876
      author: None
       title: cet-11876
        date: 2021-11-02
       words: 3344
      flesch: 54
     summary: Figure 6: a) Particle size of the C-S-H–PCE composites synthesized with different C-S-H content; b) The compressive strength of cement mixed with C-S-H–PCE composites synthesized with various C-S-H content 3.7 Compressive strength test of cement paste under low temperature curing conditions Figure 7: a) The early compressive strength of cement pastes with C-S-H-PCE; b) Schematic representation of cement hydration and the influence of nucleation seeding with C-S-H-PCE To verify the enhancement of the early strength of cement paste added with C-S-H-PCE at low temperature (4 ℃), C-S-H-PCE was synthesized when the reaction temperature was 25 ℃, the molecular weight of PCE was 36,826 g/mol, and the content of C-S-H was 0.18 mol. DOI: 10.3303/CET2188083 Paper Received: 6 May 2021; Revised: 13 August 2021; Accepted: 12 October 2021 Please cite this article as: Wang M., Ai Y., Huang R., Ding G., Qi W., He Z., Su R., 2021, Synthesis of Nanoscale Calcium Silicate Hydrate for Strength Enhancement of Cement Paste, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 88, 499-504 DOI:10.3303/CET2188083 A publication of The Italian Association of Chemical Engineering Online at www.cetjournal.it Guest Editors: Petar S. Varbanov, Yee Van Fan, Jiří J. Klemeš Copyright © 2021, AIDIC Servizi S.r.l. ISBN 978-88-95608-86-0; ISSN 2283-9216 Synthesis of Nanoscale Calcium Silicate Hydrate for Strength Enhancement of Cement Paste Ming Wanga, Yusen Aia, Renliang Huangb, Guojie Dingc, Wei Qia, Zhimin Hea, Rongxin Sua,b,* aState Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, P.R. China bSchool of Marine Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, P.R. China cTianjin Rumi Novel Materials Co. Ltd, Tianjin 300350, P.R. China surx@tju.edu.cn Calcium silicate hydrate-polycarboxylate (C-S-H-PCE) nanocomposites can greatly increase the hydration speed of cement paste.
    keywords: cement; paste; pce; size; strength
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        item: #1794 of 7527
          id: cet-11877
      author: None
       title: cet-11877
        date: 2021-11-02
       words: 3897
      flesch: 54
     summary: 2.1 Costs calculations for solar thermal heat system and solar thermal power system The cost associated with the solar thermal system and the heat recovery network are based on different models reported in literature. Solar thermal process heat in fishmeal production: Prospects for two South African fishmeal factories.
    keywords: cost; energy; heat; power; process; solar; system; thermal; usd; ∆𝑇𝑚𝑖𝑛
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        item: #1795 of 7527
          id: cet-11878
      author: None
       title: cet-11878
        date: 2021-11-02
       words: 3668
      flesch: 50
     summary: R134a R717 R134a R717 R134a R717 R134a R717 2.1 42 5.5 5.6 53.4 55.2 5.36E+07 5.16E+07 5.77E+05 5.70E+05 3.1 42 5.7 5.8 55.3 57.1 5.20E+07 4.99E+07 5.59E+05 5.52E+05 4.1 42 5.9 6.0 57.2 59.0 Experimental Investigation on VCR system using Nanorefrigerant for COP Enhancement.
    keywords: analysis; chiller; cooling; cop; cost; energy; r134a; r717; system; vcr
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        item: #1796 of 7527
          id: cet-11879
      author: None
       title: cet-11879
        date: 2021-11-02
       words: 3253
      flesch: 57
     summary: The expressions are presented in Table 1. 519 Table 1: Correlations for triangular heat transfer surfaces Expression Range of validity Std dev. 1. Introduction Compact plate and fin heat exchangers (PFHE) are suitable for many applications that include high pressure and temperatures (Mortean et al., 2016).
    keywords: correlations; data; factor; fin; friction; heat; 𝐹𝑖𝑛; 𝐹𝑝𝑖𝑡𝑐ℎ⁄
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        item: #1797 of 7527
          id: cet-1188
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - CET--006.docx
        date: 2017-07-25
       words: 3880
      flesch: 49
     summary: Ammonia removal rate of 1-4# column were 92.23%, 62.79%, 52.91%, 33.12% in 10th day and decreased to 33.28%, 12.72%, 5.61%, 2.93% in 25th day. Higher ammonia concentration would add load to zeolite and led to lower removal rate, so ammonia removal rate of 1# and 3# column (about 2 mg/l) were higher than 2# and 4# column (about 4 mg/l).
    keywords: ammonia; column; community; influent; rate; removal; stage; water; zeolite
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        item: #1798 of 7527
          id: cet-11880
      author: None
       title: cet-11880
        date: 2021-11-02
       words: 3582
      flesch: 56
     summary: Khanmohammadi and Mazaheri (2019), performed numerical modeling of heat transfer in a tube with single braided tape and double braided tape (coaxial) as enhancement elements. Two limitations of most of the comparison methods are that they only focus on the effect on heat transfer and friction characteristics, and they consider only the effect on the tube side of the heat exchanger.
    keywords: drop; heat; heat transfer; length; pressure; promoters; transfer; tube
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        item: #1799 of 7527
          id: cet-11881
      author: None
       title: cet-11881
        date: 2021-11-02
       words: 3455
      flesch: 55
     summary: Kumbasar T., 2014, A simple design method for interval type-2 fuzzy PID controllers, Soft Computing, 18, 1293–1304. Zhao and Xiao (2015) proposed a new interval type-2 fuzzy controller for the stabilization of nonlinear systems with parameter uncertainty.
    keywords: controller; flc; heat; min; pid; settling; time; type-2
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        item: #1800 of 7527
          id: cet-11882
      author: None
       title: cet-11882
        date: 2021-11-02
       words: 3306
      flesch: 49
     summary: Figure 1: Flowsheet of SO2 absorption venturi system in Aspen Plus® V10 It consists of a flash unit “VENTURI”, which calculates the chemical and phase equilibrium at atmospheric pressure of 1.013 bar and without any heat duty. A publication of The Italian Association of Chemical Engineering Online at www.cetjournal.it Guest Editors: Petar S. Varbanov, Yee Van Fan, Jiří J. Klemeš Copyright © 2021, AIDIC Servizi S.r.l. ISBN 978-88-95608-86-0; ISSN 2283-9216 Finding Optimized Process Conditions to Minimize Precipitations in an SO2 Absorption Process Using Thermodynamic Process Simulation Barbara D. Weißa*, Wolfgang Fuchsb, Michael Haraseka a Thermal Process Engineering - Computational Fluid Dynamics, Institute of Chemical, Environmental & Bioscience Engineering, TU Wien, Getreidemarkt 9, 1060 Vienna, Austria b Sappi Austria Produktions-GmbH & Co. KG, Sappi Europe, Brucker Strasse 21, 8101 Gratkorn, Austria barbara.weiss@tuwien.ac.at A process model to describe SO2 absorption from exhaust gas using an absorptive magnesium-based slurry was developed in Aspen Plus® V10.
    keywords: equilibrium; h2o; mgso3; model; precipitation; process; so2; system
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        item: #1801 of 7527
          id: cet-11883
      author: None
       title: cet-11883
        date: 2021-11-02
       words: 3421
      flesch: 51
     summary: The development of new CO2 capture design allows reverting the power generation capacity to its baseline state whenever needed; a mechanism called flexible CO2 capture (Cohen et al., 2012). Techno-economic assessment of flexible CO2 capture was performed by Craig et al.
    keywords: capture; ccs; co2; energy; flexible; option; power
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        item: #1802 of 7527
          id: cet-11884
      author: None
       title: cet-11884
        date: 2021-11-02
       words: 3881
      flesch: 54
     summary: For example, process models with recycle streams require many iterations for the solution, leading to difficulties in convergence without good initial values set by the user. While EO methods offer many advantages over SM methods, they are sometimes difficult to implement as process models developed for SM methods are not always applicable to simultaneous optimization using EO methods.
    keywords: asu; gasifier; methods; models; optimization; process; 𝐶𝑖 𝑃,𝐼𝐺
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        item: #1803 of 7527
          id: cet-11885
      author: None
       title: cet-11885
        date: 2021-11-02
       words: 3325
      flesch: 49
     summary: Mathematical tools are developed for vaccine allocation, however, the use of it for a non-expert perspective will be challenging. Fair use allocation based on needs per region (Munguia-Lopez and Ponce-Ortega, 2021) and dynamic approach to vaccine allocation for single and double doses (Matrajt et al., 2021) were developed for COVID-19.
    keywords: allocation; application; covid-19; group; model; number; user; vaccine; web
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        item: #1804 of 7527
          id: cet-11886
      author: None
       title: cet-11886
        date: 2021-11-02
       words: 3342
      flesch: 51
     summary: <aneco.ph> accessed 05.06.2021. Birk L., 2019, Fundamentals of ship hydrodynamics: Fluid mechanics, ship resistance and propulsion, John Wiley & Sons Ltd, West Sussex, UK. Bureau Veritas, n.d., Filipinas Ozamis, Bureau Veritas <marine-offshore.bureauveritas.com/bv-fleet/#/bv- fleet/ship-adv> accessed 01.03.2021. Andersson A., Logason K., 2015, Feasibility study of hybrid propulsion systems for longliner fishing vessels, Master’s Thesis, Chalmers University of Technology, Sweden. ANECO, 2021, Electricity Rate Month of May 2021, Agusan del Norte Electric Cooperative, Inc.
    keywords: diesel; energy; fuel; hybrid; load; power; scenario; ship; system; vessel
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        item: #1805 of 7527
          id: cet-11887
      author: None
       title: cet-11887
        date: 2021-11-02
       words: 3313
      flesch: 42
     summary: 2.1 Microalgal biorefinery The microalgal biofuel process network involves the main processes necessary for biofuel production, biochar production and anaerobic digestion processes for usage of leftover biomass, and recovery processes for the different input materials as presented in Figure 1. Figure 1: Microalgal biorefinery process network The algal biofuel process flow to be considered in this study is divided into two main stages. Sy, C. L., Ubando, A. T., Aviso, K. B., Tan, R. R., 2018, Multi-objective target oriented robust optimization for the design of an integrated biorefinery, Journal of Cleaner Production, 170, 496-509.
    keywords: biorefinery; costs; input; model; objective; optimization; process; production; profit
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        item: #1806 of 7527
          id: cet-11888
      author: None
       title: cet-11888
        date: 2021-11-02
       words: 3253
      flesch: 56
     summary: The model is based on a modified stage-wise superstructure, where the process and ORC streams can exchange heat in all the stages. In some works (e.g. Dong et al., 2020), ORC streams for evaporation and condensation are divided into separate sensible heat and latent heat sections, with the latter approximated by a non-isothermal stream with a minimal temperature change and a large heat capacity.
    keywords: heat; hen; orc; process; stream; temperature
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        item: #1807 of 7527
          id: cet-11889
      author: None
       title: cet-11889
        date: 2021-11-02
       words: 3706
      flesch: 48
     summary: Such an example is given by Kirilova and Vaklieva-Bancheva (2020) who have been developed an approach for design of optimal product portfolio of dairy SC for the production of different types of dairy products. It is known: the location of farms and their capacity; the selling price of milk; the locations of dairies and their capacities; the technologies for production of dairy products; the technologies for use of DWS for biodiesel production; the dairy products and biodiesel demands; the environmental burden associated with milk, dairy products and biodiesel distribution in the regions.
    keywords: biodiesel; biodiesel production; costs; dairy; dairy products; dws; production; products
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        item: #1808 of 7527
          id: cet-1189
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - CET--006.docx
        date: 2017-07-25
       words: 3195
      flesch: 47
     summary: 4 methods for dyeing bamboo fiber: pre-dyeing breaking strength, post-dyeing breaking strength, pre-dyeing breaking elongation and post-dyeing breaking elongation, see Table 7. Table 7: Breaking property of bamboo fiber before and after dyeing by coptis chinensis Dyeing method Direct dyeing Pre-mordant dyeing Apposition dyeing Post-mordant dyeing Before bleaching Breaking strength (context) 3.93 3.93 3.93 3.93 Elongation /% 12.38 12.38 12.38 12.38 After bleaching Breaking strength (context) 3.88 3.88 3.88 3.88 Elongation/% 11.86 11.86 11.86 11.86 After dyeing Breaking strength (context) 4.09 4.22 4.11 4.19 Elongation/% 3.5 4.3 3.9 2.3 Note: During the process of testing single fiber, it is discovered that the strength unevenness of bamboo fiber is on the high side. To test breaking strength and elongation of byeing bamboo fiber to prove that the dyeing effect on mechanical properties of dyeing fiber is particularly important for the evaluation of dyeing of natural plant dyes.
    keywords: bamboo; dyeing; fiber; mordant; table
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        item: #1809 of 7527
          id: cet-11890
      author: None
       title: cet-11890
        date: 2021-11-02
       words: 3674
      flesch: 43
     summary: To address this gap, Lameh et al. (2021) developed a methodology for assessing and analyzing CO2 reduction options through developing minimum marginal abatement cost (mini-MAC) curves which represent integrated systems consisting of various CO2 reduction options. The proposed approach is demonstrated through an analysis that explores integrated pathways for CO2 reduction through CCUS technologies and renewable energy technologies.
    keywords: co2; cost; emissions; energy; mac; options; reduction; storage; utilization
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        item: #1810 of 7527
          id: cet-11891
      author: None
       title: cet-11891
        date: 2021-11-02
       words: 3628
      flesch: 44
     summary: Dry plaster was produced when mortar components were mixed, binder: filler ratio was accepted 1:2 to 1:4. 590 To develop the composition of dry plasters, interstate standard procedures GOST 5802-86 «Mortars.
    keywords: anhydrite; fluoro; resistance; setting; synthanite; time
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        item: #1811 of 7527
          id: cet-11892
      author: None
       title: cet-11892
        date: 2021-11-02
       words: 3705
      flesch: 52
     summary: Bhojwani S., Topolski K., Mukherjee R., Sengupta D., El-Halwagi M. M., 2019, Technology review and data analysis for cost assessment of water treatment systems, Science of the Total Environment, 651, 2749– 2761. Table 2 shows the cost of water treatment units, their energy consumption and carbon footprint due to the energy use.
    keywords: biosludge; co2; cost; crop; energy; fertilizer; model; production; treatment; wastewater; water
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        item: #1812 of 7527
          id: cet-11893
      author: None
       title: cet-11893
        date: 2021-11-02
       words: 3817
      flesch: 49
     summary: Where 𝛼𝑜𝑢𝑡 [W/(m2∙K)] is heat transfer coefficient which is calculated according to the relations for forced convection in the annulus from the VDI heat atlas (2010) 2.3 Predicted condensation heat transfer coefficient The condensation heat transfer coefficient can be determined using analytical equations derived from physical phenomena or obtained from experiments. For condensation heat exchangers, this statement cannot be unequivocally confirmed.
    keywords: condensation; cooling; flow; heat; heat transfer; pipe; steam
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        item: #1813 of 7527
          id: cet-11894
      author: None
       title: cet-11894
        date: 2021-11-02
       words: 3921
      flesch: 33
     summary: Bertau M., Wernicke H.J., Schmidt F., Standt U.-D., Seyfried F., Buchholz S., Busch G., Winterberg M., Reichelt L., Pätzold C., 2014, Methanol utilisation technologies, In: Bertau, M., Offermans, H., Plass, L., Schmidt, F., Wernicke, H.J. (Eds.), Methanol: To evaluate the maturity level of formalin production technologies, assessment is performed according to Technology Readiness Levels (TRL).
    keywords: co2; conversion; formaldehyde; formalin; methanol; process; production; syngas; synthesis; technologies; technology; trl
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        item: #1814 of 7527
          id: cet-11895
      author: None
       title: cet-11895
        date: 2021-11-02
       words: 4301
      flesch: 52
     summary: While heat exchangers 20 and 21 need to be replaced by a larger heat exchanger, the heat transfer area of heat exchanger 12 can be smaller. In case of compact heat exchangers with enhanced heat transfer the correct initialization of the design is a complicated task, as the final structure of the network and parameters of constituent heat exchangers heavily depend on the optimality of heat exchanger design and its correspondence to specific process conditions at which heat exchanger is used.
    keywords: cost; design; exchanger; heat; hen; network; phes; plate; process; synthesis; transfer
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        item: #1815 of 7527
          id: cet-11896
      author: None
       title: cet-11896
        date: 2021-11-02
       words: 3580
      flesch: 36
     summary: These axioms derive in a set of combinatorial algorithms for synthesis and enumeration of process structures. Friedler, F., Varga, J. B., Fan, L. T., 1995, Decision-mapping: A tool for consistent and complete decisions in process synthesis, Chemical Engineering Science, 50, 1755–1768.
    keywords: distillation; furfural; liquid; methodology; process; separation; set; synthesis
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        item: #1816 of 7527
          id: cet-11897
      author: None
       title: cet-11897
        date: 2021-11-02
       words: 3126
      flesch: 51
     summary: Table 1: Mean values of model parameters with references to literature Model Parameter Value Reference Note WK12 B 10-17 (Wacławiak and Kalisz 2012) - n 2 (Wacławiak and Kalisz 2012) - dref 17.53⋅10-6 (Raclavská et al. 2017) Average diameter of six smallest diameters from samples FA1 – FA3 TN98X18 E* 5⋅1010 (Kleinhans et al. 2018) Chosen from range of values in Table 29 (page 161) Γ 0.2 (Thornton and Ning 1998) - py 5⋅108 (Kleinhans et al. 2018) Chosen from range of values in Table 20 (page 130) Constant in the Van der Walls force has significant effect only on smaller particles (6 μm and 19.5 μm), possibly showing low significance of the Van der Waals force on particle deposition.
    keywords: ash; chamber; deposition; diameter; fouling; model; parameters; particle; simulations
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        item: #1817 of 7527
          id: cet-11898
      author: None
       title: cet-11898
        date: 2021-11-02
       words: 2771
      flesch: 42
     summary: It was developed to enable rapid development of process synthesis models and to enable data flow between synthesis/optimization environment (MIPSYN-Global) and simulation environment (Aspen Plus). The core advantage of an MINLP is that it simultaneously captures the nonlinear relationships (e.g., descriptions of process units) and discrete decisions (e.g., existence or nonexistence of a particular process unit).
    keywords: global; mgm; mipsyn; models; optimization; process; superstructure; synthesis; user
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        item: #1818 of 7527
          id: cet-11899
      author: None
       title: cet-11899
        date: 2021-11-02
       words: 3636
      flesch: 53
     summary: Hydrogen storage is one critical aspect, since proper storage is essential for its wide scale deployment. ML can use previously compiled data to generate a classification model that can be utilized for determining and predicting a material's viability for hydrogen storage.
    keywords: energy; hydrides; hydrogen; hyperbox; metal; model; pressure; storage
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        item: #1819 of 7527
          id: cet-119
      author: TW
       title: cet-119
        date: 2017-10-04
       words: 4388
      flesch: 59
     summary: Thus a DOI: 10.3303/CET1761066 Please cite this article as: Xu Z., Xu W., Zhang Z., Yang Q., Meng F., 2017, Measurement and evaluation of carbon emission for different types of carbohydrate-rich foods in china, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 61, 409-414 DOI:10.3303/CET1761066 409 comprehensive nutrient quantity used as the functional unit was important to compare carbon emissions of food product. Therefore, displacing rice based foods and tailored flour (grade one) by corn kernels, sweet potato, and potato could cut a considerable amount of carbon emissions.
    keywords: bean; carbon; carbon emissions; china; emissions; energy; flour; foods; rice; unit
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        item: #1820 of 7527
          id: cet-1190
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - CET--006.docx
        date: 2017-07-25
       words: 3401
      flesch: 52
     summary: In this paper, a new algorithm is designed to calculate the reaction constant and concentration of enzyme injection glucose biosensor based on the kinetic equation of enzyme reaction. In view of this, this study designed a detection algorithm based on the kinetics of enzyme injection biosensor and verified the algorithm. DOI: 10.3303/CET1759124 Please cite this article as: Huanzheng Shao, Jihong Sun, 2017, Study on the reaction constant and concentration detection algorithm of enzyme injection glucose biosensor, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 59, 739-744 DOI:10.3303/CET1759124 739 2. Materials and methods 2.1 Experimental materials and equipment In the experiment, SBA-40E biosensor was selected as a mature sensor, which was compared with enzyme injection glucose biosensor (Lee, et al., 2016).
    keywords: concentration; enzyme; glucose; linear; slope; solution; voltage
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        item: #1821 of 7527
          id: cet-11900
      author: None
       title: cet-11900
        date: 2021-11-02
       words: 3912
      flesch: 54
     summary: The main difference between the two models was whether compositions of fermenter inputs are chosen from a fixed set, or can be flexibly chosen by the optimization procedure. There is 80 kW more throughput in case of flexible fermenters, resulting in a slightly larger investment cost, but 31 % more profit in the end.
    keywords: chp; costs; fermenter; graph; inputs; investment; model
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        item: #1822 of 7527
          id: cet-11901
      author: None
       title: cet-11901
        date: 2021-11-02
       words: 4495
      flesch: 51
     summary: References Boldyryev S.A., Garev A.O., Klemeš J.J., Tovazhnyansky L.L., Kapustenko P.O., Perevertaylenko O.Y., Arsenyeva O.P., 2013, Heat integration of ammonia refrigeration cycle into buildings heating systems in buildings, Theoretical Foundations of Chemical Engineering, 47, 39-46. In 2018 the volume of heat energy supply to final consumers constituted 42 TWh, and natural gas has been used as the major fuel.
    keywords: building; district; energy; heat; heating; hws; ihs; stage; systems; temperature; water
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        item: #1823 of 7527
          id: cet-11902
      author: None
       title: cet-11902
        date: 2021-11-10
       words: 4136
      flesch: 54
     summary: This paper presents a systematic synthesis method that considers multiple shells and logarithmic mean temperature difference (LMTD) FT correction factor for heat exchanger networks (HENs) involving multiple periods of operation. Such simplifications may be due to the presence of non-convex and bilinear terms in the design of heat exchangers.
    keywords: area; design; exchanger; heat; multiperiod; network; step; synthesis
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        item: #1824 of 7527
          id: cet-11903
      author: None
       title: cet-11903
        date: 2022-01-20
       words: 3208
      flesch: 43
     summary: Because the material flow exchange of each plant satisfies the conservation of energy and material, this work applies the DIIM to specific water networks example, analyzes the inoperability change trajectory of water plants under particular initial disturbance, and provides data support for the vulnerability analysis of water network. To explore and compare the disaster propagation of water networks, assuming no external outflow of water from the park, only internal consumption, according to the water volume balance to establish the water input and output table for water network.
    keywords: disturbance; inoperability; model; scenario; system; time; water
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        item: #1825 of 7527
          id: cet-11904
      author: None
       title: cet-11904
        date: 2021-11-02
       words: 3714
      flesch: 43
     summary: Nova-Rincon A., Sochard S., Serra S., Reneaume J.-M., 2020, Dynamic simulation and optimal operation of district cooling networks via 2D orthogonal collocation, Energy Conversion and Management, 207, 112505. 𝐽 = 𝑊1 ∑ ∑ 𝑄𝑔𝑒𝑛,𝑖,𝑘 𝑁𝐴𝐵𝑅 𝑖=1 𝑁𝑡 𝑘=1 + 𝑊2 ∑ ∑ ∑(𝑄𝑒𝑣𝑎𝑝,𝑗,𝑘𝑅𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑖,𝑗,𝑘 − 𝑄𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑒,𝑖,𝑘) 2 𝑁𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑒 𝑖=1 𝑁𝐴𝐵𝑅 𝑗=1 𝑁𝑡 𝑘=1 (4) where 𝑁𝑡 is number of discrete time intervals of dynamic simulation, 𝑁ABR the number of ABR units employed, 𝑁site the number of different demand sites needed to be served, 𝑄gen,j,k is the j-th ABR unit heat input at time instance k, 𝑄evap,j,k is the 𝑗-th ABR unit cooling production at time instance k, 𝑅𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜i,j,k is the percentage of cooling produced by j-th ABR that is directed to the i-th site at each time instance k, 𝑄site,i,k is the i-th site cooling energy requirements at time instance k, and 𝐽 is the value of the objective function.
    keywords: abr; cooling; demand; end; energy; models; network; order; time
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        item: #1826 of 7527
          id: cet-11905
      author: None
       title: cet-11905
        date: 2021-11-02
       words: 3600
      flesch: 45
     summary: 5.1 Screening of CO2 penalty cost and RES financing policy Αs can be seen in Figure3a, the increase of CO2 penalty at 50 and 100 €/t reduces SNG break-even price at the values of 950 €/t (11 % decrease) and 710 €/t (33.5 % decrease) respectively. According to this capacity, the integrated system is assessed for a yearly SNG production rate of ~500 kt/y. As was derived from the screening of different market exploitation scenarios (e.g., funding options, increase of CO2 tariffs), a sustainable and feasible solution can be achieved (based on current market values), as long as the RES-H2 system is funded by up to ~35 % or CO2 penalty costs reach levels of >140 €/t in the near future.
    keywords: co2; cost; energy; process; production; res; sng; system
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        item: #1827 of 7527
          id: cet-11906
      author: None
       title: cet-11906
        date: 2021-11-11
       words: 3505
      flesch: 53
     summary: Taking a batch or a sample of waste plastics (termed a Source) and determining its future fate presents a classification problem. The diversity of plastic material types and products makes it necessary to use a data-driven quality-based definition of plastic waste properties to facilitate proper waste recycling and mitigation.
    keywords: data; plastic; polymers; properties; recyclability; recycling; streams; waste
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        item: #1828 of 7527
          id: cet-11907
      author: None
       title: cet-11907
        date: 2021-11-11
       words: 2146
      flesch: 59
     summary: Sparrow E.M., Lin S.H., 1964, Condensation heat transfer in the presence of a noncondensable gas, Transactions of the ASME, 430-436. Tang G.H., Hu H.W., Zhuang Z.N., Tao W.Q., 2012, Film condensation heat transfer on a horizontal tube in presence of a noncondensable gas, Applied Thermal Engineering, 36, 414-425.
    keywords: condensation; fin; heat; transfer; tube
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        item: #1829 of 7527
          id: cet-11908
      author: None
       title: cet-11908
        date: 2021-11-11
       words: 3441
      flesch: 59
     summary: The study did not consider regenerated water price at different quality. For scenarios with low total annualised cost, there is an opportunity to have high profit by increasing the profit factor in determining regenerated water price without exceeding the freshwater price.
    keywords: price; profit; water; 𝑇 𝐴𝐶; 𝑇 𝐶𝐶; 𝑇 𝑂𝐶; 𝑇 𝑅𝐸𝑉
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        item: #1830 of 7527
          id: cet-11909
      author: None
       title: cet-11909
        date: 2021-11-11
       words: 3535
      flesch: 59
     summary: Figure 5: Results for ZGD copper metal foam and with feed and product streams: Experimentally and numerically determined mole fractions of ethanol in the liquid phase (a); Experimentally and numerically determined temperature profiles (b). A novel mathematical model was developed which allows the simulation of ZGD units.
    keywords: distillation; figure; liquid; metal; phase; unit; vapor; zgd
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        item: #1831 of 7527
          id: cet-1191
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - CET--006.docx
        date: 2017-07-25
       words: 2966
      flesch: 50
     summary: The range analysis concluded that: in the condition of microwave power of 0.245w, microwave drying time of 10min, unit volume sample load of 509, the content of total flavonoids in the microwave drying red jujube got up to 275.2mg/100g; and the influence factors order is: microwave power> microwave drying time>unit volume sampling load. Based on the above findings, it is concluded that the effect of microwave power and microwave drying time on total flavonoids content of red jujube was very significant.
    keywords: absorbance; cholesterol; content; drying; flavonoids; jujube; microwave; rate; rutin; standard; volume
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        item: #1832 of 7527
          id: cet-11910
      author: None
       title: cet-11910
        date: 2021-11-11
       words: 3969
      flesch: 56
     summary: In order to avoid these problems, dynamic process behavior must be well captured. The model will be further validated on the basis of these measurements and used for the simulation and analysis of hazardous situations, which is important for safe performance of chemical absorption processes.
    keywords: absorption; flow; heat; liquid; loop; process; solvent
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        item: #1833 of 7527
          id: cet-11911
      author: None
       title: cet-11911
        date: 2021-11-11
       words: 3684
      flesch: 52
     summary: Results and discussion 3.1 Morphologies and properties of the CF aerogels Figure 1: (a) Morphology of CF aerogel with (b) a proposed mechanism for creating CF aerogel, and (c) stress-strain curves of CF aerogels with increasing CF content. The CF aerogels are studied their morphology, chemical structure, physical and mechanical properties as well as thermal conductivity, where thermal conductivity is a criterion that has not been evaluated in prior research of CF aerogel.
    keywords: adsorption; aerogels; cellulose; mtms; oil
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        item: #1834 of 7527
          id: cet-11912
      author: None
       title: cet-11912
        date: 2021-11-11
       words: 3377
      flesch: 52
     summary: V. Optimization of the sequence of WW treatment processes. V. Optimization of sequence of wastewater treatment processes / Mixed integer nonlinear programmming (MINLP) model I. Description of wastewater generation and collection system II.
    keywords: aop; cfp; cost; freshwater; group; treatment; wastewater
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        item: #1835 of 7527
          id: cet-11913
      author: None
       title: cet-11913
        date: 2021-11-11
       words: 3154
      flesch: 52
     summary: The aim of this study is to identify possible alternative scenarios in food production and consumption that would lead to a more balanced supply of locally produced food and a reduction in the environmental impact of agricultural production. The analysis of food consumption and agricultural land distribution in Slovenia showed that a significantly larger proportion of land area is used for food production for animals than for humans.
    keywords: animal; consumption; food; land; meat; production; scenario; sufficiency
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        item: #1836 of 7527
          id: cet-11914
      author: None
       title: cet-11914
        date: 2021-11-11
       words: 3552
      flesch: 40
     summary: Data related to the consumption and efficiency of VF systems reported in the literature are irregular as they depend on the crop, growing system and particular conditions of the farm. In this work, a P-graph model is presented for the integration of VF systems.
    keywords: co2; cost; energy; farming; integration; network; problem; production; systems
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        item: #1837 of 7527
          id: cet-11915
      author: None
       title: cet-11915
        date: 2021-11-11
       words: 4084
      flesch: 43
     summary: In current study, the influences of PCMs’ significant physicochemical properties including thermal conductivity, thermal expansion coefficient and viscosity of liquid PCMs on optimum relative distances of orthogonal fins that shorten total charging time and enhance average charging rate in a maximum content are numerically discussed and analysed by enthalpy-porosity method (Brent et al., 1988). mPas .0mPas   t ,c h a r( s) 0.1225 0.1633 0.2041 0.2245 -10 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 0.00 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.10 0.12 0.14 0.16 0.18 0.20 0.22 0.24 0.26 t heating =90 o C, c p =2545Jkg -1 K -1 , =0.000706K -1 Wm -1 K -1 O p ti m u m r e la ti v e d is ta n c e d /l v Viscosity of liquid PCMs (mPas) Optimum relative distance(c) Figure 4: Influence of viscosity on total charging time θt,char (a), average charging rate qav,char (b) and optimum relative distance d/lv (c) in PCMs-based TES with orthogonal fins (other properties are constant)
    keywords: charging; distance; fins; heat; pcms; rate
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        item: #1838 of 7527
          id: cet-11916
      author: None
       title: cet-11916
        date: 2021-11-11
       words: 2917
      flesch: 55
     summary: References ASAE S424.1, 2017, Method of determining and expressing particle size of chopped forage materials by screening, American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers, St. Joseph, USA. Bitra V.S.P., Womac A.R., Yang Y.T., Miu P.I., Igathinatane C., Sokhansanj S., 2009a, Mathematical model parameters for describing particle size of knife milled corn stover, Biosystems Engineering, 104, 369-383.
    keywords: biomass; distribution; knife; mill; moisture; particle; screen; size
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        item: #1839 of 7527
          id: cet-11917
      author: None
       title: cet-11917
        date: 2021-11-11
       words: 3489
      flesch: 37
     summary: Confirmation of the effectiveness of the developed algorithm is reflected in the graphs of the analytical comparison of energy consumption, where the indicator of active energy consumption was reduced to 2%/h, resulting in the conclusion that the algorithm can be implemented in systems with an ARM processor. The practical significance is determined by the fact of tracking user and system processes with the possibility to reduce energy consumption.
    keywords: consumption; energy; kernel; module; network; neural; power; processes; software; system; use
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        item: #1840 of 7527
          id: cet-11918
      author: None
       title: cet-11918
        date: 2021-11-11
       words: 2988
      flesch: 49
     summary: Basing on the emergy evaluation of different aromatics production systems and renewable power generation systems, the emergy indices of aromatics production systems are discussed when the electricity is generated from renewable resources. The emergy indices of aromatics production systems are analysed when hydropower and biomass direct-fired power is utilised; (2) The sustainability of each methanol to aromatics system is discussed when the source of electricity are uncertain.
    keywords: aromatics; electricity; emergy; methanol; proportion; sustainability; systems
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        item: #1841 of 7527
          id: cet-11919
      author: None
       title: cet-11919
        date: 2021-11-11
       words: 3904
      flesch: 43
     summary: It will be important to introduce training and knowledge exchange to increase the awareness about ETS and the potential products that can be derived from such sanitation system. Thus, this study explores neutrosophic DEMATEL as tool to resolve the complexity of such problematic situation and understand the interrelationship among these inhibiting factors or barriers for implementation of ETS.
    keywords: barriers; dematel; ets; influence; matrix; neutrosophic; relation; table; value
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        item: #1842 of 7527
          id: cet-1192
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - CET--006.docx
        date: 2017-07-25
       words: 3539
      flesch: 57
     summary: Basic introduction of microbial fertilizer 2.1 Introduction of microbial fertilizers Microbial fertilizers are also called bio-fertilizers, inoculants and fungi. At last, three kinds of fertilizer mixed fertilizer in Leymus chinensis grassland community yield was increased by 6.01g/ml, and the yield of Leymus chinensis was increased by 27.54g/m2.
    keywords: acid; chinensis; fertilizer; growth; leymus; leymus chinensis; microbial; soil; treatment
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        item: #1843 of 7527
          id: cet-11920
      author: None
       title: cet-11920
        date: 2021-11-11
       words: 3582
      flesch: 51
     summary: Huang et al. (2020) studied the dependency between components recovery on the area of the module, presenting the effect of the desired concentration on the size of the module for H2/CO2 separation. The aim of the study is to present a description of the dependency between components recovery and pressure difference, permeate pressure and the composition of the feed gas.
    keywords: bar; co2; component; permeate; pressure; recovery
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        item: #1844 of 7527
          id: cet-11921
      author: None
       title: cet-11921
        date: 2021-11-11
       words: 3667
      flesch: 48
     summary: DOI: 10.3303/CET2188128 Paper Received: 17 May 2021; Revised: 7 August 2021; Accepted: 8 October 2021 Please cite this article as: Zhang T., Feng A., Liu C., 2021, Dynamic modelling of microalgae growth under micro-aeration conditions, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 88, 769-774 DOI:10.3303/CET2188128 CHEMICAL ENGINEERING TRANSACTIONS VOL. This study proposed a dynamic modelling of microalgae growth using experimental and computational fluid dynamics (CFD) methods.
    keywords: cell; cultivation; culture; engineering; flow; growth; microalgae; pbr; pbrs; production
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        item: #1845 of 7527
          id: cet-11922
      author: None
       title: cet-11922
        date: 2021-11-11
       words: 3038
      flesch: 43
     summary: Frankel R. and Bazylinksi D., 2013, Biologically induced mineralization by bacteria, Reviews in Mineralogy and Geochemistry, 54(1), 95-114. Gupta S., Pang S.D., Kua H.W., 2017, Autonomous healing in concrete by bio-based healing agents – A review, Construction and Building Materials, 146, 419–428. Ikuma, K., Decho, A.W. Lau, B.L.T., 2013, The extracellular bastions of bacteria — A biofilm way of life. The bacteria used as healing agents were Bacillus sphaericus BIOTECH 1272 and Bacillus thuringiensis BIOTECH 1092.
    keywords: bacteria; culture; figure; geopolymers; healing; materials; self; upv
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        item: #1846 of 7527
          id: cet-11923
      author: None
       title: cet-11923
        date: 2021-11-11
       words: 3173
      flesch: 48
     summary: Table 1: CO2 concentration in ventilating CO2-included air to some algae cultivation Alga species Conc. of CO2 in feed gas Environments including CO2 concentration are important for algae growth.
    keywords: algae; co2; concentration; cultivation; energy; flow; gas; membrane; process; separation
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        item: #1847 of 7527
          id: cet-11924
      author: None
       title: cet-11924
        date: 2021-11-11
       words: 3736
      flesch: 52
     summary: A chemical process usually needs to combust fossil fuels to provide the energy required for production, then a large number of low temperature waste heat is discharged to the environment. 4. Results and discussion According to the simulation results, the exergy efficiencies of the MHP, ORC and ST under different waste heat temperatures and heat pump temperature lifts are calculated, and the results are shown in Figure 4.
    keywords: efficiency; exergy; heat; pump; steam; temperature; waste; waste heat
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        item: #1848 of 7527
          id: cet-11925
      author: None
       title: cet-11925
        date: 2021-11-11
       words: 3472
      flesch: 45
     summary: However, previous studies had focused mostly on individual countries or regions, and low to middle income countries are seldom investigated on. In this present work, the contributions of drivers to CO2 emissions, particularly economic activity and energy intensity, of 195 countries grouped by income level are calculated and compared using the spatial logarithmic mean Divisia index (LMDI) method.
    keywords: activity; analysis; carbon; consumption; countries; decomposition; emissions; energy; energy intensity; income; intensity
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        item: #1849 of 7527
          id: cet-11926
      author: None
       title: cet-11926
        date: 2021-11-11
       words: 3141
      flesch: 44
     summary: In addition, precast products made from geopolymers had a global warming reduction of about 28% compared with OPC concrete products. Based on the assessment results, the GP concrete with an RHA-based sodium silicate fared better than GP concrete made with a commercial sodium silicate in terms of biogenic climate change impact but fared poorer on land use and transformation.
    keywords: ash; change; concrete; geopolymer; impacts; materials; opc; process; study
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        item: #1850 of 7527
          id: cet-11927
      author: None
       title: cet-11927
        date: 2021-11-11
       words: 3413
      flesch: 48
     summary: In this paper, based on the software Simulink in MATLAB, the moment of inertia of turbine and generator is regarded as fixed value, the key parameter differential equations of Brayton cycle are derived, and the dynamic recompression and intercooling Brayton cycle models are established. In this paper, the parameters of the recompression Brayton cycle model are simulated when the load is detached after the recompression Brayton cycle model reaches stable state.
    keywords: brayton; cycle; load; model; recompression; speed; temperature; turbine
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        item: #1851 of 7527
          id: cet-11928
      author: None
       title: cet-11928
        date: 2021-11-11
       words: 2927
      flesch: 40
     summary: This research gap is addressed in this paper by developing a prototypical linear model, implementable in spreadsheet applications such as Microsoft Excel (Fricke and Schoneberger, 2015), which enables not only the detection of adulteration but also the determination of the degree of adulteration through the calculation of precursor concentrations for comparison with known or expected values, requiring only third- party data which the average consumer has access to. Only the concentration of the components of each sample 𝐶𝑖𝑗, or concentration fingerprints collectively, and at least two suspect precursors, i.e., a null and an alternative, with sufficiently differentiable concentration fingerprints, are required as model inputs.
    keywords: acid; adulteration; coconut; concentration; model; oil; precursor
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        item: #1852 of 7527
          id: cet-11929
      author: None
       title: cet-11929
        date: 2021-11-11
       words: 3663
      flesch: 47
     summary: Figure 1: Compressive strength of pervious geopolymer with varying blends of aluminosilicate precursor 3.2.2 Copper removal efficiency The copper removal efficiency of pervious geopolymer concrete was determined by comparing the AAS results of the initial and final copper concentrations of the solution. To investigate the morphological property of pervious geopolymer samples, scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive X-ray Analysis (SEM EDX) was performed.
    keywords: ash; bagasse; coal; copper; fly; fly ash; geopolymer; removal; samples; solution
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        item: #1853 of 7527
          id: cet-1193
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - CET--006.docx
        date: 2017-07-25
       words: 3355
      flesch: 45
     summary: There were no related studies on impacts of the physical and chemical characteristics of air conditioning system dust accumulation on microbial breeding and indoor air quality. DOI: 10.3303/CET1759127 Please cite this article as: Yecong He, Min Tan, John K Tan, 2017, Physical, chemical and biological characteristics of dust accumulation in hvac system, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 59, 757-762 DOI:10.3303/CET1759127 757 Through this research, the status of indoor air pollution can be understood; part of the basic data of the air- conditioning system particle deposition can be acquired, which contributes to the cleaning of air conditioning system. One aim is to study the particle deposition rate and to predict the cleaning cycle of air conditioning system (Stephens and Siegel, 2013; Cucumo et al., 2016; Genco et al., 2016; De Angelis et al., 2015; Evola et al., 2015; Cannistraro et al., 2016; Mo and Zhao, 2016).
    keywords: air; conditioning; dust; microorganisms; particle; section; size; system; toc
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        item: #1854 of 7527
          id: cet-11930
      author: None
       title: cet-11930
        date: 2021-11-11
       words: 3582
      flesch: 50
     summary: Therefore, the absorption process is further applied in hydrogen production process. In this work, thermodynamic calculation of hydrogen production process from used vegetable oil is performed through Aspen Plus V9 simulation software.
    keywords: atr; hydrogen; molar; production; ratio; reactor
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        item: #1855 of 7527
          id: cet-11931
      author: None
       title: cet-11931
        date: 2021-11-11
       words: 4185
      flesch: 42
     summary: Future work should evaluate emissions from piston reactor processes from a Life Cycle Analysis point of view. Conventional methane partial oxidation process A standard steady-state process for methane POX to hydrogen is designed as a benchmark for comparing the piston reactor-based process (Figure 1).
    keywords: chemical; energy; heat; hydrogen; methane; oxidation; piston; process; production; reactor
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        item: #1856 of 7527
          id: cet-11932
      author: None
       title: cet-11932
        date: 2021-11-11
       words: 3705
      flesch: 43
     summary: Ultimately, GGBS geopolymer concrete containing these microcapsules has the lowest environmental impacts of the self-healing concrete considered. As can be seen from these results, geopolymers and their self-healing variants have varying environmental impacts brought about by the microcapsules.
    keywords: concrete; environmental; geopolymer; ggbs; healing; impacts; microcapsules; self
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        item: #1857 of 7527
          id: cet-11933
      author: None
       title: cet-11933
        date: 2021-11-11
       words: 4229
      flesch: 43
     summary: Prominence is the degree of the linkage of barrier in the network of problems as the barrier is both aggravated by other barriers and aggravative to the other barriers. Table 2: Definition of barriers and summary of results Label Barriers Ranke Causal/Effectf B1 Lack of technical staffs and skilled workers for the business operationa,d 2 Effect B2 Lack of up to date & affordable technology to produce quality productb,d 4 Effect B3 High electricity & logistic costs as barrier to expand businessb,c,d 3 Effect B4 Complicated tax & customs procedure, licenses/ permits, other legal issues as barrier to set-up and operate businessb,c,d 5 Causal B5 Lack of systematic support to access the financial support & loan to expand businessb,c,d 6 Effect B6 Lack of systematic support to expand business market overseasb,d 7 Effect B7 Unfair competition due to the lack of business networkb,c,d 1 Causal Source: a (NEA, 2018), b (GIZ, 2020) c (ADB, 2012), d Experts’ validation, e FAHP, f DEMATEL Table 3 describes a sample pairwise comparison matrix with the computed spherical fuzzy weights and the normalized weights.
    keywords: analysis; barriers; business; causal; index; matrix; network; relation; set; smes
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        item: #1858 of 7527
          id: cet-11934
      author: None
       title: cet-11934
        date: 2021-11-11
       words: 3453
      flesch: 50
     summary: The challenges of heat exchanger control and the analysis of its energetic consumption are provided in Oravec et al. (2020). (10) Based on all the defined parameters, the amount of carbon emissions associated with heat exchanger control is computed according to the following formula: 𝑚CO2 = 𝑐 𝑞total 𝑓CO2 .
    keywords: carbon; control; controller; exchanger; heat; heat exchanger; liquid
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        item: #1859 of 7527
          id: cet-11935
      author: None
       title: cet-11935
        date: 2021-11-11
       words: 3558
      flesch: 53
     summary: Koumi Ngoh, S., Njomo, D., 2012, An overview of hydrogen gas production from solar energy, Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 16, 6782-6792. Solar energy for hydrogen production has received significant attention in recent years due to its primary abundance as an energy source (Koumi Ngoh et al., 2012).
    keywords: hydrogen; optimal; optimisation; process; production; solar; ssmr; 𝐹𝐻2
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        item: #1860 of 7527
          id: cet-11936
      author: None
       title: cet-11936
        date: 2021-11-11
       words: 3460
      flesch: 45
     summary: Table 1: The SVSM indicators identified in the manufacturing industry Authors Cost Environmental Social C1 C2 C3 C4 C5 E1 E2 E3 E4 E5 E6 S1 S2 S3 S4 Brown et al. (2014) √ √ √ √ √ √ Faulkner and Badurdeen (2014) √ √ √ √ √ √ Nallusamy et al. (2015) √ √ √ Edtmayr et al. (2016) √ √ √ √ √ √ Garza-Reyes et al. (2018) √ √ √ Hartini et al. (2018) √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ Choudhary et al. (2019) √ √ Gholami et al. (2019) √ √ √ Maqbool et al. (2019) √ Muñoz-Villamizar et al. (2019) √ √ √ √ √ Hartini et al. (2021) √ Selected indicators √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ Cost: C1 Time; C2 Cost; C3 Inventory; C4 Quality compliance and product defect; C5 Changeover time Environmental: E1 Material consumption; E2 Energy consumption; E3 Waste recycling; E4 Water consumption; E5 Hazard material; E6 Air pollution Social:
    keywords: et al; manufacturing; production; study; sustainability; svsm; value; √ √
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        item: #1861 of 7527
          id: cet-11937
      author: None
       title: cet-11937
        date: 2021-11-11
       words: 4581
      flesch: 38
     summary: Arsenyeva O., Tran J., Piper M., Kenig E.Y., 2019b, An approach for pillow plate heat exchangers design for single-phase applications, Applied Thermal Engineering, 147, 579–591. Guo Y., Qiu C., Xu M., Zhang W., Yan X., Li L., 2021, Crack failure analysis of laser 316L stainless steel edge joints in pillow plate heat exchanger used in oil refinery, Engineering Failure Analysis, 122, 105215.
    keywords: design; engineering; exchangers; flow; heat; heat transfer; performance; pillow; plate; plate heat; pphes; transfer
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        item: #1862 of 7527
          id: cet-11938
      author: None
       title: cet-11938
        date: 2021-11-11
       words: 4406
      flesch: 49
     summary: For cold columns without reactions and with constant solids and gas mass flow rates along 𝑧, the changes of velocities are due to the changes of volumetric fractions only. Reactor model The proposed reactor configuration is a continuous CFB, consisting of an absorber tube, which has the role of a riser of the CFB, the walls of which are exposed to concentrated solar radiation, allowing indirect heating of the reaction chamber.
    keywords: bed; calcination; flow; gas; heat; mass; model; reactor; temperature
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        item: #1863 of 7527
          id: cet-11939
      author: None
       title: cet-11939
        date: 2021-11-11
       words: 3127
      flesch: 54
     summary: The palm oil products generated from oil palm are widely used in our daily life, contributing from food processing, personal care and hygiene sectors as well as the biofuel industry. However, the reputation of oil palm has been declining as it was accused for causing environmental and social problems, such as deforestation, workers exploitation.
    keywords: chain; entity; ffb; oil; palm; supply; traceability
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        item: #1864 of 7527
          id: cet-1194
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - CET--006.docx
        date: 2017-07-25
       words: 3032
      flesch: 47
     summary: The experimental results proved the possibility of the application of infrared detection technology in the industrial on-line monitoring. The experiment proved that the application of infrared detection technology and industrial production in the online real-time detection of the detected substances.
    keywords: absorption; detection; food; infrared; light; raman; spectroscopy; spectrum; technology
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        item: #1865 of 7527
          id: cet-11940
      author: None
       title: cet-11940
        date: 2021-11-11
       words: 3497
      flesch: 45
     summary: Membrane cleaning contributes to the reactor’s operating cost to a large extent, including energy, chemicals and even production loss. Therefore, membrane cleaning is critical (Popović et al., 2010).
    keywords: biodiesel; chemical; cleaning; cost; fouling; membrane; model; production; reactor
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        item: #1866 of 7527
          id: cet-11941
      author: None
       title: cet-11941
        date: 2021-11-11
       words: 3509
      flesch: 41
     summary: The remaining parts of microalgae cells can been converted in to additional products such as biogas or fertilizer in the remnant treatment section (Galanopoulos et al., 2019). However, centrifugation is currently too energy-intensive and costly to be a viable choice to separate microalgae from water (Kim et al., 2013).
    keywords: biorefinery; chemical; cost; drying; energy; extraction; methods; microalgae; process; production; review; technologies
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        item: #1867 of 7527
          id: cet-11942
      author: None
       title: cet-11942
        date: 2021-11-11
       words: 3635
      flesch: 35
     summary: Lin M., Sarlak C., H., 2016, A comparative study on the flow over an airfoil using transitional turbulence models, AIP Conference Proceedings, 1738, 500006, DOI: 10.1063/1.4951806. A similar effort towards this direction is presented in the current work, but with the use of advanced turbulence models in order to assess their performance for use in SHWT design for low Reynolds number conditions.
    keywords: airfoil; flow; linear; modelling; models; reynolds; shwt; turbine; turbulence; wind
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        item: #1868 of 7527
          id: cet-11943
      author: None
       title: cet-11943
        date: 2021-11-11
       words: 3906
      flesch: 52
     summary: Apart from examining only the flexibility potential of dispatchable generating units and energy systems, the proposed is further extended to incorporate the flexibility provision by EVs, demand response, as well as heat pumps, providing some first insights of a sector coupling contribution to those ancillary services. Examining both day-ahead and real-time markets, Eseye et al. (2019) assessed the flexibility provided by energy storage systems and EVs to alleviate mismatches due to demand and RES generation deviations.
    keywords: demand; electricity; energy; generators; grid; heat; mes; power; services
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        item: #1869 of 7527
          id: cet-11944
      author: None
       title: cet-11944
        date: 2021-11-11
       words: 4796
      flesch: 47
     summary: Thus, co- digestion of swine manure and grass silage shows increase the efficiency of biogas production by 97 CH4/g VS rather than mono-digestion of swine manure (Zhang et al., 2021). Besides that, biomass, such as agricultural waste and energy crops, is also widely used as a co-substrate in AD for biogas production (Lijó et al., 2017).
    keywords: assessment; biogas; cost; crops; digestion; energy; et al; lca; manure; production; waste
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        item: #1870 of 7527
          id: cet-11945
      author: None
       title: cet-11945
        date: 2021-11-11
       words: 3743
      flesch: 61
     summary: Wang W., Guo Q. C., Lu W. P., Feng Y. C., Na W., 2012, A generalized simple model for predicting frost growth on cold flat plate. Simultaneous heat and mass transfer takes place during frost deposition and condensation.
    keywords: benzene; case; frost; gas; mass; tar; temperature
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        item: #1871 of 7527
          id: cet-11946
      author: None
       title: cet-11946
        date: 2021-11-11
       words: 4066
      flesch: 55
     summary: Higher energy storage capacity can be achieved with a larger temperature difference in the SM. Selecting the liquefaction pressure is a matter of precise dynamic modeling and economic study to see if its impact on energy storage is worth paying the extra compression charges.
    keywords: bar; bog; discharging; energy; lng; pressure; storage; system; temperature
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        item: #1872 of 7527
          id: cet-11947
      author: None
       title: cet-11947
        date: 2021-11-11
       words: 3381
      flesch: 39
     summary: Process Intensification 110, 225–234. Ghiasi M.M., Bahadori A., Zendehboudi S., Chatzis I., 2015, Rigorous models to optimise stripping gas rate in natural gas dehydration units, Fuel 140, 421–428. Han J., Dai C., Lei Z., Chen B., 2018, Gas drying with ionic liquids, AIChE Journal 64, 606–619. Kamin Z., Bono A., Leong L.Y., 2017, Simulation and Optimization of the Utilization of Triethylene Glycol in a Natural Gas Dehydration Process, Chemical Product and Process Modeling, 12 (4). Difference improved vs. base Circulation rate [kg/h] 6,200 6,632 +7.0 % Stripping gas [kg/h] 160 113 -29.4 % REC
    keywords: co2; dehydration; emissions; gas; process; rec; stripping; teg
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        item: #1873 of 7527
          id: cet-11948
      author: None
       title: cet-11948
        date: 2021-11-11
       words: 3571
      flesch: 38
     summary: For this reason, methanol synthesis is usually conducted in a loop, where the unreacted off-gases are recycled to the synthesis reactor (Lovik, 2001). The low amount of contained H2 implies that the feed mixture requires conditioning to achieve the certain stoichiometries required by methanol synthesis.
    keywords: hydrogen; mass; methanol; operating; production; reactor; recycling; synthesis; temperature; tube; utilisation; 𝑀 𝐴𝑐𝑠
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        item: #1874 of 7527
          id: cet-11949
      author: None
       title: cet-11949
        date: 2021-11-11
       words: 2885
      flesch: 39
     summary: This paper presents two industrial MIE units processing waste gasses from the wastewater treatment plant and from the natural gas dehumidification process. Figure 1: Modern integrated equipment for thermal processing of waste gases (Stehlik, 2012)
    keywords: ammonia; energy; flue; gas; incineration; technology; waste; wte
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        item: #1875 of 7527
          id: cet-1195
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - CET--006.docx
        date: 2017-07-25
       words: 3318
      flesch: 41
     summary: On the other hand, the metal ions will be generated during the corrosion process long- term exposure to body tissue, which produce a variety of damage in the body, such as cytotoxicity, allergies, DOI: 10.3303/CET1759129 Please cite this article as: Sun Shangqi, Liu Xiang, 2017, Experimental research on biomedical titanium coating corrosion effects, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 59, 769-774 DOI:10.3303/CET1759129 769 carcinogenic. Metal corrosion resistance in vivo is extremely difficult for measurement, and the results are difficult to summarize (Shah et al., 2014).
    keywords: alloy; coating; corrosion; current; metal; nitisma; potential; resistance; surface; titanium
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        item: #1876 of 7527
          id: cet-11950
      author: None
       title: cet-11950
        date: 2021-11-11
       words: 4010
      flesch: 33
     summary: Table 1: Homogeneous catalysed used in biodiesel production Source of oil Reaction condition Maximum yield/conversion (wt. %) Method Reference RBD palm oil 1 wt.% KOH, 60 °C, 60 min, 600 rpm, 1:6 oil to methanol molar ratio 90 (conversion) Mechanical stirring Shahbazi et al., 2012 Waste cooking oil 1 There are various alcohols that can be used in transesterification reaction, such as methanol, ethanol, 943 propanol, and butanol.
    keywords: acid; biodiesel; catalyst; chemical; conversion; methanol; molar; oil; production; ratio; reaction; transesterification; wt.%
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        item: #1877 of 7527
          id: cet-11951
      author: None
       title: cet-11951
        date: 2021-11-11
       words: 3266
      flesch: 44
     summary: Figure 2: Upstream pressure effect on benzene degradation (adiabatic process) 0.00 10.00 20.00 30.00 40.00 50.00 60.00 70.00 80.00 90.00 100.00 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 D e g ra d a ti o n ( % ) Reaction time (min) 1 bar 2 bar 3 bar 3.5 bar 951 Figure 3: Upstream pressure effect on benzene degradation (isothermal process) Figure 4: Upstream pressure effect on benzene degradation (with air)
    keywords: air; bar; benzene; cavitation; degradation; min; pressure
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        item: #1878 of 7527
          id: cet-11952
      author: None
       title: cet-11952
        date: 2021-11-11
       words: 3427
      flesch: 42
     summary: CE can minimize natural disasters caused by energy consumption and excessive carbon emissions while reduce the cost consumption of enterprises and increase their revenue through additional products which contributes to the development of green economy and green business. In order to conserve natural environment, CE and green chemistry to be considered as a promising method to solve the increasing conflicts among the resource shortage and economic growth.
    keywords: bamboo; chemical; chemistry; development; economy; energy; green; production; sdgs
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        item: #1879 of 7527
          id: cet-11953
      author: None
       title: cet-11953
        date: 2021-11-11
       words: 3810
      flesch: 43
     summary: The biochemical reactions as contributors of GHG emissions have been properly named as On-Site Emissions. There is, however, a study wherein the sensitivity of the available manipulated variables is investigated (Sweetapple et al., 2014b), that identified the aeration intensities as the most influential factors with regards to GHG emissions, a conclusion that agrees with observations made in the scope of this work.
    keywords: control; effluent; emissions; figure; flow; model; state; variables
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        item: #1880 of 7527
          id: cet-11954
      author: None
       title: cet-11954
        date: 2021-11-11
       words: 3654
      flesch: 53
     summary: Chin et al. (2021) have proposed a data-driven framework for identifying the recyclability and compatibility between sets of plastic waste material sources and demand sinks. Future work could include more issues such as heterogeneity of plastic wastes, data variations on supplies or demands and unknown quality classes.
    keywords: class; data; material; pinch; plastic; quality; recycling; sinks; sources; waste
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        item: #1881 of 7527
          id: cet-11955
      author: None
       title: cet-11955
        date: 2021-11-11
       words: 3486
      flesch: 47
     summary: In: 2013 World of coal ash (WOCA) conference, April 22-25, Lexington, Ky, United States, 17. Kizilshtein L.Y., 2016. (in Russian) Manz O.E., 1997, Worldwide production of coal ash and utilization in concrete and other products.
    keywords: activation; ash; carbon; chemical; coal; composition; concentrate; flotation; phase; temperature
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        item: #1882 of 7527
          id: cet-11956
      author: None
       title: cet-11956
        date: 2021-11-11
       words: 3698
      flesch: 35
     summary: This concept should incorporate key strategic management features into a unified shape and provide a sequence on how global strategic energy management might be developed. These investigations would advance research development in the area of global energy strategic management.
    keywords: energy; management; model; planning; policymakers; process; strategy; study
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        item: #1883 of 7527
          id: cet-11957
      author: None
       title: cet-11957
        date: 2021-11-11
       words: 3933
      flesch: 29
     summary: DOI: 10.3303/CET2188164 Paper Received: 23 June 2021; Revised: 27 July 2021; Accepted: 6 October 2021 Please cite this article as: Konečná Z., Goni F.A., Chofreh A.G., Mohammadi Z., Khademizadeh S., Klemeš J.J., 2021, Review of Research on Sustainable Education Influenced by the COVID-19 Pandemic, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 88, 985-990 DOI:10.3303/CET2188164 CHEMICAL ENGINEERING TRANSACTIONS VOL. A publication of The Italian Association of Chemical Engineering Online at www.cetjournal.it Guest Editors: Petar S. Varbanov, Yee Van Fan, Jiří J. Klemeš Copyright © 2021, AIDIC Servizi S.r.l. ISBN 978-88-95608-86-0; ISSN 2283-9216 Review of Research on Sustainable Education Influenced by the COVID-19 Pandemic Zdeňka Konečnáa,*, Feybi Ariani Gonia, Abdoulmohammad Gholamzadeh Chofrehb, Zeinab Mohammadic, Shahnaz Khademizadehc, Jiří Jaromír Klemešb a Department of Management, Faculty of Business and Management, Brno University of Technology - VUT Brno, Kolejni 2906/4, 61200 Brno, Czech Republic b Sustainable Process Integration Laboratory - SPIL, NETME Centre, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Brno University of Technology - VUT Brno, Technická 2896/2, 616 69 Brno, Czech Republic c Department of Knowledge and Information Science, Faculty of Education Sciences and Psychology, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran konecna@fbm.vutbr.cz
    keywords: covid-19; development; education; institutions; learning; pandemic; research; review; students; study
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        item: #1884 of 7527
          id: cet-11958
      author: None
       title: cet-11958
        date: 2021-11-11
       words: 2685
      flesch: 52
     summary: The BEC and SEC equations showed that total product quantity, molten glass volume from the glass-melting furnace, and glass melting furnace age ratio are affected by energy consumption. To meet the EEP2015 target to reduce energy consumption, the Department of Alternative Energy Development and Efficiency (DEDE) may enforce a compulsory program on the nonmetallic sector that consumes approximately 30.74 % of the industrial sector energy uses.
    keywords: bec; consumption; energy; glass; industry; sec; sector; variables
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        item: #1885 of 7527
          id: cet-11959
      author: None
       title: cet-11959
        date: 2021-11-11
       words: 3466
      flesch: 52
     summary: One prominent biomass feedstock is the sugarcane bagasse that is a by-product of sugar mills. 997 Table 1: Comparison of operating parameters of sugar mills (Birru, 2016)
    keywords: bagasse; electricity; gasification; mill; module; process; steam; sugar
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        item: #1886 of 7527
          id: cet-1196
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - CET--006.docx
        date: 2017-07-25
       words: 2351
      flesch: 46
     summary: 59, 2017 A publication of The Italian Association of Chemical Engineering Online at www.aidic.it/cet Guest Editors: Zhuo Yang, Junjie Ba, Jing Pan Copyright © 2017, AIDIC Servizi S.r.l. ISBN 978-88-95608- 49-5; ISSN 2283-9216 Determination of Total Flavonoids in Leek by AlCl3 Colorimetric Assay Hua Liu*, Yinghua Song, Xiaojuan Zhang School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anshun College, Anshun 561000, China lzyh1235@126.com Rutin was taken as reference substance, and the conditions of aluminum chloride colorimetric assay for determining total flavonoids in leek extract were optimized. The effects of several parameters, such as dosage of color developing agent, buffer dosage, pH and reaction temperature and time, on the color development reaction of total flavonoids were evaluated.
    keywords: colorimetric; determination; extract; flavonoids; leek; method; rutin
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        item: #1887 of 7527
          id: cet-11960
      author: None
       title: cet-11960
        date: 2021-11-11
       words: 2863
      flesch: 46
     summary: The use of activated ash in cement compositions affects the properties and structure of the cement stone. Some technologies imply the use of waste ash in the production of cement (Kozhuhova et al., 2017).
    keywords: ash; binder; cement; composition; figure; materials; properties; waste
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        item: #1888 of 7527
          id: cet-11961
      author: None
       title: cet-11961
        date: 2021-11-11
       words: 3136
      flesch: 41
     summary: The introduction of basalt fibers or their production waste contributes to an increase in the operational characteristics of the gypsum material (Petropavlovskaya et al., 2018). The data obtained are consistent with the previously obtained dependences (Petropavlovskaya et al., 2018) and the studies of other authors (Khozin et al., 2019).
    keywords: ash; complex; composition; content; gypsum; properties; stone; structure
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        item: #1889 of 7527
          id: cet-11962
      author: None
       title: cet-11962
        date: 2021-11-11
       words: 3379
      flesch: 55
     summary: However, the possibility of using DES in the processing of titanium dust has not been investigated. The required composition of the pulp of the cubic residues of the distillation columns Name of indicators Standards for grade Vanadium,%, not less Solid suspensions, g/L, not more than Grade 1 0.85 200 Grade 2 0.50 200 4. Conclusions Four different DESs were investigated for the leaching and selective extraction of vanadium and other metals from oxide dust and compared with experiments in an aqueous solution of oxalic and succinic acids.
    keywords: acid; dust; eutectic; leaching; melting; metals; solvents; titanium; vanadium
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        item: #1890 of 7527
          id: cet-11963
      author: None
       title: cet-11963
        date: 2021-11-11
       words: 3275
      flesch: 41
     summary: Figure 1: Electrodialysis batch process with recirculation of the concentrate and dilute solutions The mathematical model that describes the electrodialysis process is taken by Rohman et al. Chehayeb K.M., Lienhard J.H., 2019, On the electrical operation of batch electrodialysis for reduced energy consumption, Environmental Science: Water Research & Technology, 5(6), 1172-1182.
    keywords: batch; concentration; electrodialysis; energy; optimisation; process; time; 𝐶𝐸𝑀; 𝐶𝑑𝑖𝑙
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        item: #1891 of 7527
          id: cet-11964
      author: None
       title: cet-11964
        date: 2021-11-11
       words: 3827
      flesch: 40
     summary: These works showed that sustainability assessment and sustainable development indicators could be an effective tool to support decision-making for the progress toward the SDG of the region. The fundamental principles of Russia's transition to sustainable development were laid down in the Concept of the Russian Federation's transition to sustainable development, adopted by the 1996 Presidential Decree (PRAVO.GOV.RU, 1996).
    keywords: development; district; federal; goal; indicators; regions; republic; russian; sustainable
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        item: #1892 of 7527
          id: cet-11965
      author: None
       title: cet-11965
        date: 2021-11-11
       words: 4793
      flesch: 40
     summary: Many advanced approaches were developed for Heat Integration from the view of Total Site (Möhren et al., 2021), innovations for improvement and new development of heat exchangers were proposed (Arsenyeva et al., 2021), and various methods for heat exchanger networks (HEN) optimisation (Zirngast et al., 2021) and HEN synthesis with detailed equipment design (Cotrim et al., 2021) were presented. At this stage, resequencing, re-piping and adding heat exchangers were considered.
    keywords: design; energy; exchanger; heat; heat exchanger; j.j; klemeš; retrofit; software; storage; tube; wang
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        item: #1893 of 7527
          id: cet-11966
      author: None
       title: cet-11966
        date: 2021-11-11
       words: 3436
      flesch: 54
     summary: = 9.45, T = 25 oC, Time = 3h, [QT] = 0.1 g L-1, [CNC] = 0.05 g L-1, [QT/CNC] = 0.15 g L-1) (b) Time curve of Phaeocystis globosa removal using CNC, QT and QT/CNC ([algal cell density] =1.5×109 cells L-1, pH = 9.45, T = 25 oC, Time = 3h, [QT] = 0.1 g L-1, [CNC] = 0.05 g L-1, [QT/CNC] = 0.15 g L-1). In this work, we reported a promising control strategy with quercetin(QT) enhanced cellulose nanocrystals (CNC).
    keywords: algae; cells; cnc; globosa; l-1; phaeocystis; phaeocystis globosa; removal
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        item: #1894 of 7527
          id: cet-11967
      author: None
       title: cet-11967
        date: 2021-11-11
       words: 3739
      flesch: 53
     summary: Optimal products portfolio design of a sustainable supply chain using different recipes for dairy products production. G. Bontchev, Str., Bl. 103, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria b Sustainable Process Integration Laboratory – SPIL, NETME Centre, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Brno University of Technology - VUT Brno, Technická 2896/2 616 69 Brno, Czech Republic e.kirilova@iche.bas.bg The increase of pollutants generated in the production of dairy products, the increase of the production costs and emerging social problems requires the development of approaches for resilience improvement of the considered product productions.
    keywords: bgn; dairies; dairy; markets; milk; production; products; suppliers
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        item: #1895 of 7527
          id: cet-11968
      author: None
       title: cet-11968
        date: 2021-11-11
       words: 4088
      flesch: 49
     summary: The aim of this work was to perform synthesis of biogas supply network based on the experimental data from laboratory-scale anaerobic digestion (AD) experiments. The synthesis of biogas supply network was performed applying and slightly modifying the mixed-integer linear programming (MILP) model called BIOSOM (Egieya et al., 2019).
    keywords: biogas; feedstocks; industry; network; sludge; supply; waste
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        item: #1896 of 7527
          id: cet-11969
      author: None
       title: cet-11969
        date: 2021-11-11
       words: 3847
      flesch: 42
     summary: This enables the process of specification and classification of SRF, which is primarily the task of its producer, and in the case of sewage sludge, that is municipal wastewater treatment plant (UWWTP) operator. It is formed continuously in the process of wastewater treatment and should be re-used whenever appropriate and recovery routes should minimize the adverse effects on the environment (Urban Wastewater Directive Overview, 2021).
    keywords: figure; pellets; quality; sludge; srf; treatment; wastewater
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        item: #1897 of 7527
          id: cet-1197
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - CET--006.docx
        date: 2017-07-25
       words: 2995
      flesch: 53
     summary: 59, 2017 A publication of The Italian Association of Chemical Engineering Online at www.aidic.it/cet Guest Editors: Zhuo Yang, Junjie Ba, Jing Pan Copyright © 2017, AIDIC Servizi S.r.l. ISBN 978-88-95608- 49-5; ISSN 2283-9216 Study on the Physical and Chemical Properties of Potato Powder Qiao Lin, Hong Liu, Peng Xu, Zhong Zhang, Fayong Gong, Zhipan Wang Demonstration Center for the Engineering of Serving Potatoes as Staple FoodXichang Unversity, Xichang 615000, China 66656736@qq.com In this paper, we pregelatinize different varieties of potato powder, study the effect of heating intensity on the physical and chemical properties of potato powder, and at the same time determine the granularity distribution, viscosity parameters and amylose content of different varieties of potato powder and analyze the content variation ranges and concentrated distributions of potato powder granules with different shapes. By contrast, the distributions of potato starch and milled potato powder are narrow and concentrated in the range of 0.5~5.0, especially in the range of 0.5~1.0 and 1.0~2.0, which account for 37.62% and 38.34%; potato powder with a particle size of ≤0.5 and ≥7 only accounts for about 1%.
    keywords: determination; particle; potato; potato powder; powder; starch; varieties; water
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        item: #1898 of 7527
          id: cet-11970
      author: None
       title: cet-11970
        date: 2021-11-11
       words: 3611
      flesch: 60
     summary: Epoxy resin coating is a costly building material - it costs about 700 Euro / 100 kg, and for example cement (type CEM I) costs 6.7 Euro / 100 kg. Krzwiński and Sadowski (2019) investigated the effect of texturing the surface of a concrete substrate on the pull-off strength of epoxy resin coating.
    keywords: coating; epoxy; epoxy resin; powder; resin; resin coating; strength; surface; waste
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        item: #1899 of 7527
          id: cet-11971
      author: None
       title: cet-11971
        date: 2021-11-11
       words: 3761
      flesch: 57
     summary: The authors of Echeverry-Vargas et al. (2016) propose the processing of copper slag using hydrometallurgical methods (using cyanides) to extract gold and silver. Thiourea can be used to recover gold from copper slags.
    keywords: copper; gold; leaching; microwave; min; recovery; slag; solution
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        item: #1900 of 7527
          id: cet-11972
      author: None
       title: cet-11972
        date: 2021-11-11
       words: 4416
      flesch: 55
     summary: Gap corrosion and cavity corrosion – surface maintenance procedures applicable for stainless steel materials: (1) Descaling: The coating environmental impact of carbon steel gates as a corrosion avoiding process was considered.
    keywords: carbon; co2; coating; corrosion; cost; doi; gate; pollution; steel; study; sustainability
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        item: #1901 of 7527
          id: cet-11973
      author: None
       title: cet-11973
        date: 2021-11-11
       words: 3588
      flesch: 36
     summary: Bi ZV-NPs (Das et al., 2020), thanks to their good tolerability in the human body, have been successfully adopted in organ targeting and in theranostics as efficient drug carriers in cancer therapy and other diseases. For example, PVP and PEG are used in biomedicine and pharmacotherapy (Naz et al., 2017), while ionic surfactants like MTAB and SDS are typically adopted in dentistry (Silva et al., 2020) and detergents, respectively.
    keywords: agents; chemical; et al; materials; metal; nanoparticles; nps; process; production; reverberi; synthesis
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        item: #1902 of 7527
          id: cet-11974
      author: None
       title: cet-11974
        date: 2021-11-11
       words: 3969
      flesch: 43
     summary: The perceived importance of sustainability disclosures from the corporate side was often analyzed in the form of questionnaires and interviews; but less reliant on corporate reports and research aiming to standardize and automate evaluation processes. In Table 2, the column indicating the number of disclosures contain sustainability disclosures (such as “GRI 305-1: Direct (Scope 1) GHG emissions”, or “TR- AU-250a.3:
    keywords: companies; disclosures; gri; information; reporting; reports; sasb; standards; sustainability; text
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        item: #1903 of 7527
          id: cet-11975
      author: None
       title: cet-11975
        date: 2021-11-11
       words: 3671
      flesch: 48
     summary: Figure 4: Influence of the reaction temperature on conversion, selectivity and H2/CO ratio on the 10 % Ni – 35 % Al – 5 % Mg/50 % urea catalyst at 800 °C and addition of the 15 mL H2O 1096 Figure 4 shows that high yields of H2 (49.1 %) and CO (36.6 %) with selectivity for H2 (76.1 %) and CO (95.5 %), have been achieved at 800 °C, addition of 15 mL H2O and space velocity 2,000 h-1. Table 1: The effect of preparation methods of 10 % Ni – 35 % Al – 5 % Mg/50 % urea catalysts with different water content in the initial catalyst mixture on conversion of methane, product selectivity and H2/CO ratio H2O, mL T, °C CCH4, % SH2,
    keywords: biogas; catalysts; combustion; conversion; methane; solution; synthesis; temperature; water
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        item: #1904 of 7527
          id: cet-11976
      author: None
       title: cet-11976
        date: 2021-11-11
       words: 3808
      flesch: 43
     summary: Figure 1: Microscopic view of MER fibres at: a) 200x, b) 1000x, c) 2000x and d) 5000x magnification For the decomposition of MER fibre, a 75 mL high pressure, high temperature batch reactor (series 4740 Stainless Steel, Parr Instruments, Moline, IL, USA) was used, which is designed to withstand the maximum operating temperature of 540 °C and pressure up to 580 bar (Čolnik et al., 2021a). The experimental set up used for hydrothermal decomposition is shown in Figure 2. Decomposition of MER fibres in subcritical water was conducted at three different temperatures (200, 300, 350 °C) for 1 h. First, the reactor vessel was filled with 0.5 g of MER fibre and 20 mL of deionized water.
    keywords: decomposition; fibres; footprint; formaldehyde; mer; nitrogen; temperature
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        item: #1905 of 7527
          id: cet-11977
      author: None
       title: cet-11977
        date: 2021-11-11
       words: 3390
      flesch: 55
     summary: Some oilfields in China encounter operating problems on water injection pipeline networks. Sokolov D.V., Barakhtenko E.A., 2020, Optimization of transmission capacity of energy water pipeline networks with a tree-shaped configuration and multiple sources, Energy, 210, 118469.
    keywords: injection; network; operating; pipeline; pressure; pump; water; water injection
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        item: #1906 of 7527
          id: cet-11978
      author: None
       title: cet-11978
        date: 2021-11-11
       words: 2437
      flesch: 44
     summary: 1113 Figure 4: Balanced Composite Curves illustrating heat recovery with the subcooling of steam condensate, and symbolic representation of steam supplies from turbine extraction Figure 5: Scheme of condensate management in the MTBE plant: a) condensate flashing in the existing HEN arrangement, b) condensate tank connected to the retrofitted HEN The retrofitted HEN is represented by the grid diagram shown in Figure 6. The paper is concerned with retrofitting a heat exchanger network (HEN) using a Pinch-based method (PT) and simultaneously minimizing energy losses caused by the expansion of steam condensate.
    keywords: condensate; exchanger; figure; heat; hen; plant; steam
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        item: #1907 of 7527
          id: cet-11979
      author: None
       title: cet-11979
        date: 2021-11-11
       words: 2829
      flesch: 49
     summary: In this work, a novel integrated graphical approach is proposed to represent the decision-making process of carbon emission reduction technology projects, as shown in Figure 1.  BWM will evaluate a variety of carbon emission reduction technology projects from multiple perspectives (Rezaei, 2015).
    keywords: analysis; carbon; co2; cost; emission; projects; reduction
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        item: #1908 of 7527
          id: cet-1198
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - CET--006.docx
        date: 2017-07-25
       words: 3978
      flesch: 51
     summary: Potato residue as livestock feed processing and utilization For the use of potato residue, many domestic and foreign scholars have made various attempts, such as the use of potato residue to extract pectin, dietary fiber, to produce ethanol, enzyme, to prepare novel adsorption materials and to produce protein feed by fermentation. Studies have shown that chemical reagents can be used to break the water restrained in residual cells of potato residue and then belt filter can be used for mechanical treatment of potato residues so as to solve the problem that it is difficult to filter potato residue.
    keywords: feed; fermentation; potato; potato residue; protein; residue; starch
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        item: #1909 of 7527
          id: cet-11980
      author: None
       title: cet-11980
        date: 2021-11-11
       words: 4425
      flesch: 43
     summary: This work proposed a generic framework of CE-LCA to illustrate the potential and feasibility of applying LCA in circular economy model. One of the fundamental principles of circular economy is that material waste is avoided by prioritizing the end-of-use capture of materials to create a positive value-driven closed loop.
    keywords: assessment; cycle; economy; framework; industry; lca; life; model; oil; system
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        item: #1910 of 7527
          id: cet-11981
      author: None
       title: cet-11981
        date: 2021-11-11
       words: 3696
      flesch: 53
     summary: Integrating multiple species of biomass feedstock into the biomass pellet supply chain may even out the inconsistency of biomass supply and characteristics. To conduct this modelling, parameters such as production cost, technology conversion yield and biomass element characteristics (Table 2) were obtained from the literature.
    keywords: biofuel; biomass; characteristics; cost; element; energy; feedstock; plant; supply; wt%
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        item: #1911 of 7527
          id: cet-11982
      author: None
       title: cet-11982
        date: 2021-11-11
       words: 3085
      flesch: 50
     summary: The Iron industry is one the most significant industrial consumer of heat energy. A large amount of heat energy is being used in the many heat-intensive processes, such as iron ore extraction.
    keywords: analysis; energy; engineering; heat; iron; pinch; recovery; streams; temperature; waste
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        item: #1912 of 7527
          id: cet-11983
      author: None
       title: cet-11983
        date: 2021-11-11
       words: 2906
      flesch: 40
     summary: Figure 6: Economic comparison of different DME process scheme Table 2: Flue gas emissions of different process scheme Heating rate (MW) CO2 emissions (kg/h) SOx emissions (kg/h) NOx emissions (kg/h) Emissions saving (%) Conventional DME process 5.32 1072 0.79 0.25 0.0 Energy-integrated process 2.56 522 0.38 0.13 51.3 Reactive distillation process 0.73 148 0.11 0.04 86.2 800,000 600,000 400,000 200,000 0 $/ y Fixed cost Operating cost TAC Conventional DME process Energy-integrated process Reactive distillation process 1145 Heat-integrated design of DME process showed a significant total annual cost saving of 41 % compared to the conventional process, and the reactive DME distillation column design showed highest saving in total annual cost (TAC) by 81 %.
    keywords: cost; dehydration; distillation; dme; energy; methanol; process; reaction; reactor
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        item: #1913 of 7527
          id: cet-11984
      author: None
       title: cet-11984
        date: 2021-11-11
       words: 3570
      flesch: 46
     summary: The overall model consists of three models: water network model (M1), heat integration model (Duran and Grossmann, 1986) (M2) and heat exchanger network model (Yee and Grossmann, 1990) (M3). Sujak et al. (2017) presented a two-step holistic approach for designing cost optimal water networks considering different levels of water saving hierarchy (e.g., reuse, recycling, elimination).
    keywords: case; consumption; cost; freshwater; heat; investment; utility; wastewater
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        item: #1914 of 7527
          id: cet-11985
      author: None
       title: cet-11985
        date: 2021-11-11
       words: 4194
      flesch: 35
     summary: The model for the synthesis of renewable energy system separately considering heat and power demand consists of about 2.6 M single equations, 102 M single variables, and 45,000 discrete variables and is formulated in the modelling system GAMS. 3. Results and discussion In order to achieve the transition from the current energy system to a renewable one in the EU-27 by 2050, the following strategy is explored: i) in 2030, 50 % of electricity and heat demand should be satisfied by RES, while in the transport sector a 30 % share of renewable energy should be achieved; ii) by 2040, a 75 % share of renewable electricity and heat, and a 65 % share of RES in the transport sector should be achieved; and iii) a complete transition to RES in all sectors should be achieved by 2050.
    keywords: biomass; demand; electricity; energy; heat; plants; power; sector; system
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        item: #1915 of 7527
          id: cet-11986
      author: None
       title: cet-11986
        date: 2021-11-11
       words: 3528
      flesch: 42
     summary: In most cases, the recovery of oxidized zinc minerals from oxidized ores is a technological challenge. We studied the kinetics of zinc leaching from calamine (hemimorphite) with sulfuric acid due to the interest in studies of oxidized zinc minerals (Ramazanova et al., 2021).
    keywords: gibbs; minerals; mol; smithsonite; zinc; 𝛥𝑟 𝐺𝑇
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        item: #1916 of 7527
          id: cet-11987
      author: None
       title: cet-11987
        date: 2021-11-11
       words: 2936
      flesch: 44
     summary: Table 2: Comparison of strength of geopolymer composite against standard 3.2 Surface morphology of geopolymer composite The morphological characteristics of geopolymer composite cured for 28 d and 180 d were illustrated in Figure 1. Hence, the toxicity characteristic leaching procedure (TCLP) was employed to evaluate the leachability behaviour of both the raw materials and developed geopolymer composite in this study.
    keywords: ash; coal; composite; compressive; engineering; fly; geopolymer; nickel; strength
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        item: #1917 of 7527
          id: cet-11988
      author: None
       title: cet-11988
        date: 2021-11-11
       words: 3673
      flesch: 40
     summary: An illustrative case study is then presented to demonstrate the potential of introducing eco- efficiency in a Ni-laterite mining company through resource recovery from mining waste. This approach seeks opportunities to implement circular flows at the mine site level, which enhance mineral extraction, reduce mineral losses to mining waste and mitigate the environmental impacts of mine waste disposal.
    keywords: approach; eco; energy; engineering; land; management; mineral; mining; philippines; use; waste;  
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        item: #1918 of 7527
          id: cet-11989
      author: None
       title: cet-11989
        date: 2021-11-11
       words: 3578
      flesch: 31
     summary: 1179 Table 2: Main innovation activities of companies in chemical industries Number of companies, % 2000 2005 2010 2015 2019 Provided research and development 73.5 65.8 75.0 59.3 54.0 Acquired machines and equipment 60.3 76.3 62.5 64.1 78.4 Acquired new technologies 73.5 39.5 37.5 26.2 24.7 Acquired software 0 36.8 25.0 23.7 29.6 Provided industrial design 29.4 44.7 50.0 39.3 35.8 Provided personnel education and training 23.5 31.6 37.5 29.5 25.1 Provided marketing studies 16.2 31.6 0 12.9 14.7 Note a crucial change in the distribution by innovation types for 20 y. While product innovations (including the development and introduction of technologically new and technologically upgraded products) prevailed in the total volume of innovation products in 2000, practically all the corporate innovation activities in 2019 included the development and introduction of technologically new or significantly improved methods, including product delivery methods. The comparative analysis of innovation activities used a set of calculated parameters based on mutual dependence and the effect of the following quantitative data: share of university graduates and R & D experts; quantity of innovation products per one employee, university graduate, and R & D expert; shares of innovation products in the total production and innovation costs in the total investments; and parameters of resource consumption for innovation products and the efficiency of innovation investments (Figure 1).
    keywords: activities; analysis; chemical; companies; development; industry; innovation; products; system
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        item: #1919 of 7527
          id: cet-1199
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - CET--006.docx
        date: 2017-07-25
       words: 3429
      flesch: 49
     summary: Conclusions In this paper, the application of BP algorithm based on PSO optimization in gas analysis and diagnosis (DGA) of power transformer oil was studied. The characteristics of the main faults are serious aging of power transformer insulation, bad operating environment and poor quality of power transformer (De Faria et al., 2015).
    keywords: algorithm; analysis; diagnosis; fault; gas; network; particle; power; transformer; value
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        item: #1920 of 7527
          id: cet-11990
      author: None
       title: cet-11990
        date: 2021-11-11
       words: 3283
      flesch: 40
     summary: Liu Q., Li M., Liu X., Zhang Q., Liu R., Wang Z., Shi X., Quan J., Shen X., Zhang F., 2018, Removal of sulfamethoxazole and trimethoprim from reclaimed water and the biodegradation mechanism, Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering, 12, 1-8. Martínez-Costa J.I., Rivera-Utrilla J., Leyva-Ramos R., Sánchez-Polo M., Velo-Gala I., 2018, Individual and simultaneous degradation of antibiotics sulfamethoxazole and trimethoprim by UV and solar radiation in aqueous solution using bentonite and vermiculite as photocatalysts, Applied Clay Science, 160, 217–225. Minato Y., Dawadi S., Kordus S.L., Sivanandam A., Aldrich C.C., Baughn A.D., 2018, Mutual potentiation drives synergy between trimethoprim and sulfamethoxazole, Nature Communications, 9, 1003,1-7. Motwani P., Vyas R.K., Maheshwari M., Vyas S., 2011, Removal of sulfamethoxazole from wastewater by adsorption and photolysis, Nature Environment and Pollution Technology an International Quarterly Scientific Journal, 10, 1, 51-58. Chapter In: Sequi P. (Ed.), Method of chemical soil analysis, Franco Ageli, Rome, Italy, 10-13 (in Italian).
    keywords: adsorption; analysis; antibiotics; degradation; italy; journal; removal; soil; sulfamethoxazole; time; trimethoprim; water
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        item: #1921 of 7527
          id: cet-11991
      author: None
       title: cet-11991
        date: 2021-11-11
       words: 2934
      flesch: 39
     summary: These are called size gaps, cost gaps, and time gaps as illustrated in Figure 2. The best two orders were: Selection rule #1: Highest cost gap first 
    keywords: activity; chemical; cost; gap; graph; process; scheduling; time
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        item: #1922 of 7527
          id: cet-11992
      author: None
       title: cet-11992
        date: 2021-11-11
       words: 4320
      flesch: 56
     summary: Figure 1: Flowchart of the proposed ARO framework with disjunctive uncertainty sets. Subsequently, disjunctive uncertainty sets are formulated as the union of multiple uncertainty sets that are constructed using either traditional or data-driven methods based on the data grouping results, as shown in Eq(4), where L is the set of uncertainty data clusters.
    keywords: data; power; sets; t t; uncertainty; wind
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        item: #1923 of 7527
          id: cet-11993
      author: None
       title: cet-11993
        date: 2021-11-11
       words: 2991
      flesch: 28
     summary: The impacts of this system expansion require to be evaluated through quantifying and evaluating the environmental impacts of waste HDPE chemical recycling by ALCA and CLCA approaches. Figure 4: GHG emissions breakdowns of waste HDPE chemical recycling 1204 Detailed environmental consequences for each supplier’s or consumer’s process are given in Figure 5, reflecting that the onsite production of 1-butene and propylene can reduce their manufacturing from offsite naphtha cracking (marginal suppliers’ processes) and cut down their GHG emissions by 0.40 and 0.33 t CO2-eq/t HDPE treated.
    keywords: alca; chemical; clca; cycle; hdpe; life; optimization; recycling; system; waste
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        item: #1924 of 7527
          id: cet-11994
      author: None
       title: cet-11994
        date: 2021-11-11
       words: 3009
      flesch: 50
     summary: Another task is to design and optimize the 100% renewable campus energy systems (Zhao et al., 2021), so that the resulting process and energy system would be resilient to potential disruptive events like blackouts and power loss (Gong et al., 2018). Gong J., You F., 2015, Sustainable design and synthesis of energy systems, Current Opinion in Chemical Engineering, 10, 77-86.
    keywords: campus; carbon; energy; heat; load; peak; storage; systems
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        item: #1925 of 7527
          id: cet-11995
      author: None
       title: cet-11995
        date: 2021-11-11
       words: 3553
      flesch: 53
     summary: Conclusions In this work, we develop a KM-PKDDRMPC framework for the multi-zone building SSM, which includes indoor temperature and relative humidity control. In summary, there are some limitations of current research: first, although there is some research which studied for the humidity control, they did not focus on multi-zone building control.
    keywords: building; control; data; room; temperature; uncertainty
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        item: #1926 of 7527
          id: cet-11996
      author: None
       title: cet-11996
        date: 2021-11-11
       words: 3853
      flesch: 50
     summary: The predictors in this study consisted primarily of NDVI variables, but one non-NDVI variable was included, chemical fertilization (CFI). Three types of NDVI variables are evaluated.
    keywords: brt; data; kazakhstan; learning; machine; methods; models; ndvi; svm; variables; yield
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        item: #1927 of 7527
          id: cet-11997
      author: None
       title: cet-11997
        date: 2021-11-11
       words: 4293
      flesch: 35
     summary: On the world market of software products, there is a large selection of hardware for collecting, storing, processing and presenting in the GIS system the necessary information about the area and state of crops, fertility zones, crop yields, relief. Lim et al. (2021) highlight that climate change is affecting crop yields and disrupting the global food system.
    keywords: biomass; correlation; crop; data; dynamics; kazakhstan; model; modelling; ndvi; soil; use; yield
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        item: #1928 of 7527
          id: cet-11998
      author: None
       title: cet-11998
        date: 2021-11-11
       words: 3602
      flesch: 46
     summary: A publication of The Italian Association of Chemical Engineering Online at www.cetjournal.it Guest Editors: Petar S. Varbanov, Yee Van Fan, Jiří J. Klemeš Copyright © 2021, AIDIC Servizi S.r.l. ISBN 978-88-95608-86-0; ISSN 2283-9216 Modelling and Simulation of Humidification-Dehumidification Process for Seawater Desalination Dual Powered by Biomass and Solar Energy Damson Kaunga, Raj Patel, Iqbal Mujtaba* Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Bradford, United Kingdom I.M.Mujtaba@bradford.ac.uk The use of solar thermal energy for water desalination processes is increasing rapidly, particularly in areas where these resources are plentiful. However, solar energy plants are highly affected by the intermittency of day –night cycles and by low irradiation seasons.
    keywords: biomass; desalination; energy; plant; solar; system; water
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        item: #1929 of 7527
          id: cet-11999
      author: None
       title: cet-11999
        date: 2021-11-11
       words: 3070
      flesch: 54
     summary: Nomenclature Qreg – Regeneration heat, kJ/mol CO2 Qabs – Absorption heat, kJ/mol CO2 Qsen – Sensible heat, kJ/mol CO2 Qvap – Vaporization heat, kJ/mol CO2 ∆H0 – Standard absorption heat, kJ/mol CO2 Cpamine – Specific heat capacity, kJ/mol °C T – Temperature, °C 𝐶𝑐𝑜2 – Absorption capacity, mol CO2/mol amine qco2 – Flow of CO2, mol/min qamine – Flow of amine, L/min 𝜔i – Concentration, mol/L 𝛼𝑐𝑜2 – CO2 loading, mol CO2/mol amine ∆Hvap – latent heat, kJ/mol Pi – Partial pressures, kPa Psat – Saturation pressure, kPa xi – Mole fraction of component i. References Abd A. A., Naji S.Z., Barifcani A., 2020, Comprehensive evaluation and sensitivity analysis of regeneration energy for acid gas removal plant using single and activated-methyl diethanolamine solvents, Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering, 28(6), 1684-1693. Regeneration heat containing absorption heat, sensible heat, and vaporization heat of mixed amine with a large range mass ratio of MDEA were analyzed, it was found out that the main contribution of regeneration heat was sensible heat.
    keywords: absorption; amine; capacity; co2; heat; mdea; mol; regeneration; solution
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        item: #1930 of 7527
          id: cet-120
      author: TW
       title: cet-120
        date: 2017-10-04
       words: 2917
      flesch: 52
     summary: Lockett et al. (1999) found that, with the circular nozzle, the centre of premixed flame would be raised when the equivalence ratio was low, and the flame surface would not be one- dimensional. There are many ways to study the flame structure and characteristics of laminar flame, including standard tube, constant volume, counter flow flame, plane flame and Bunsen lamp method.
    keywords: combustion; dme; flame; flow; fuel; methane; ratios; velocity
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        item: #1931 of 7527
          id: cet-1200
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - CET--006.docx
        date: 2017-07-25
       words: 3258
      flesch: 56
     summary: 1| 1 ˆ ˆ( ) ˆ ˆ( ) k k k k k k k k k k k k k k c k k k k k p x y p x y dx dx dx     (9) Using the above formula, we can solve the various filtering values of the status variables in the dynamic system.
    keywords: estimation; k k; status; system;  
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        item: #1932 of 7527
          id: cet-12000
      author: None
       title: cet-12000
        date: 2021-11-11
       words: 3433
      flesch: 52
     summary: Many classical references in literature provide semi-empirical models that predict accurately its performance by estimating the pressure drop and the heat exchanged. The design of classical heat exchangers is performed based on well-established semi-empirical equations, e.g. Double Pipe Heat Exchangers (DPHE).
    keywords: cfd; heat; model; pressure; results; simulations; tube
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        item: #1933 of 7527
          id: cet-12001
      author: None
       title: cet-12001
        date: 2021-11-11
       words: 3691
      flesch: 47
     summary: (2) When (A1, B5, C5) combination scheme is adopted, that is, the rotation angle is 0 °, the center distance is 160 mm, and the conductor thickness is 21 mm, the maximum temperature and power loss of GIS busbar all can reach a lower value. Lei J., Zhong J.Y., Wu S.J., Wang Z., Guo Y.J., Qin X.Y., 2016, A 3-D steady-state analysis of thermal behavior in EHV GIS busbar, Journal of Electrical Engineering and Technology, 11, 781-789.
    keywords: busbar; conductor; gas; gis; heat; loss; method; model; power; sf6; temperature
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        item: #1934 of 7527
          id: cet-12002
      author: None
       title: cet-12002
        date: 2021-11-11
       words: 3068
      flesch: 54
     summary: Higher turbine inlet temperature (TIT) leads to higher turbine efficiency. Convection cooling is applied in order to reach higher turbine inlet temperature and higher cycle efficiency.
    keywords: air; coolant; cooling; cycle; efficiency; gas; temperature; turbine
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        item: #1935 of 7527
          id: cet-12003
      author: None
       title: cet-12003
        date: 2021-11-11
       words: 3490
      flesch: 51
     summary: 3. Results and discussion 3.1 Effect of binder on mechanical strength and CO2 adsorption performance of AlFu pellet Figure 1(b) illustrates CO2 adsorption capacity and mechanical strength of AlFu pellet with various CMC mass. However, when the temperature was increased, the intermolecular force dropped as the molecular thermal motion intensified and the amount of CO2 adsorption decreased.
    keywords: adsorption; alfu; bar; capacity; co2; diffusion; model; order; pellet; pseudo; rate
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        item: #1936 of 7527
          id: cet-12004
      author: None
       title: cet-12004
        date: 2021-11-11
       words: 4342
      flesch: 44
     summary: However, the generic concept of ROI may not be applicable to access IR4 technologies investment in the oil palm industry due to the lack of reported data on IR4 technology, as such technology is rather new to the industry. 2. Methodology for circular economy framework and graphical pinch for IR4 technology As discussed in the previous section, IR4 technologies consist of multiple enablers that could be integrated for modification.
    keywords: application; cost; drone; industry; investment; ir4; oil; palm; roi; spray; technologies; technology
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        item: #1937 of 7527
          id: cet-12005
      author: None
       title: cet-12005
        date: 2021-11-11
       words: 3037
      flesch: 43
     summary: Figure 2. CALS-system of geoecological monitoring AIR. A publication of The Italian Association of Chemical Engineering Online at www.cetjournal.it Guest Editors: Petar S. Varbanov, Yee Van Fan, Jiří J. Klemeš Copyright © 2021, AIDIC Servizi S.r.l. ISBN 978-88-95608-86-0; ISSN 2283-9216 Ecological Monitoring of Road Chemistry Materials on Highways Georgii Priorova,*, Andrey Glushkoa, Arkadiy Bessarabovb a National Research Centre Kurchatov Institute – IREA, Moscow, Russia b R&D Centre Fine Chemicals, Moscow, Russia priorov@irea.org.ru The use of anti-icing reagents for road maintenance is accompanied by inevitable environmental consequences associated with the release of large amounts of chemicals into the environment.
    keywords: air; cals; figure; meter; method; monitoring; road; system
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        item: #1938 of 7527
          id: cet-12006
      author: None
       title: cet-12006
        date: 2021-11-11
       words: 3517
      flesch: 42
     summary: In response to this challenge, eco-industrial parks, through their shared infrastructure and concentrated industrial activities, have emerged to achieve economic and environmental benefits through process integration, industrial ecology, and circular economy. Individual processes are coupled with CO2 reduction pathways and optimized through process integration to develop green clusters capable of converting CO2 into value-added products.
    keywords: ammonia; carbon; co2; cost; period; process; production; urea; water
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        item: #1939 of 7527
          id: cet-12007
      author: None
       title: cet-12007
        date: 2021-11-11
       words: 3377
      flesch: 49
     summary: Bolognese et al. (2020) performed modelling analysis using MATLAB to demonstrate the dynamics and robust integration of solar heat for an industrial process located in a topographically complex territory. Tóth, J., Farkas, I., 2019, Mathematical modelling of solar thermal collectors and storages.
    keywords: collectors; decision; demand; energy; heat; solar; storage; thermal
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        item: #1940 of 7527
          id: cet-12008
      author: None
       title: cet-12008
        date: 2021-11-11
       words: 3877
      flesch: 39
     summary: Figure 2: Energy allocation Sankey diagram of biomass and bioenergy in China, 2015 4.2 Results and discussion After collecting and analyzing biomass power generation policies, analysis results can be obtained based on a three-dimensional policy analysis framework. Figure 3: On the left-hand side, percentage diagram of different types of policies, On the right-hand side, policy percentage diagram of different compulsory levels From the second analytical perspective, as illustrated in Figure 4, biomass power generation policies of both environment type and supply type can be further divided into the following five sub-types according to different phases of the industrial activities.
    keywords: bioenergy; biomass; china; development; generation; policies; policy; power; resources
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        item: #1941 of 7527
          id: cet-12009
      author: None
       title: cet-12009
        date: 2021-11-11
       words: 3073
      flesch: 39
     summary: 1298 Soil of experimental soil was worked according to the type of early plough with the use of agricultural technological tools for working the land – combined multipurpose aggregates АКМ-6,3 VI for 10 - 21 cm depth. However, the mechanisms of fullerene influence on agricultural crops growth and production are not described much in literature.
    keywords: content; development; dm3; field; fullerenol; growth; kazakhstan; plants; soil; soybeans; value
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        item: #1942 of 7527
          id: cet-1201
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - CET--006.docx
        date: 2017-07-25
       words: 3474
      flesch: 39
     summary: 59, 2017 A publication of The Italian Association of Chemical Engineering Online at www.aidic.it/cet Guest Editors: Zhuo Yang, Junjie Ba, Jing Pan Copyright © 2017, AIDIC Servizi S.r.l. ISBN 978-88-95608- 49-5; ISSN 2283-9216 Modelling and Operation Analysis of Electromechanical Transient- Electromagnetic Transient Hybrid System Fengling Fang Fujian Polytechnic of Information Technology, Fuzhou 350003, China FenglingFang@126.com The electromechanical-electromagnetism hybrid simulation technology combines the advantages of electromechanical transient simulation and electromagnetic transient simulation. It takes the exchange of conventional power system in the network as an external network for electromechanical transient simulation, and takes a specific power grid components or local network as an internal network for electromagnetic transient simulation.
    keywords: electromagnetic; equivalent; hybrid; network; power; simulation; system; time; transient
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        item: #1943 of 7527
          id: cet-12010
      author: None
       title: cet-12010
        date: 2021-11-11
       words: 3296
      flesch: 55
     summary: Problem description Given the surge of plastics use and the ever more stringent requirements for the share of recycled material in new products, it is important to deal with the recyclability of waste plastics. Therefore, the design and operation of the treatment and processing of waste plastics have to be optimised so that the cost of secondary raw plastics does not exceed that of virgin material.
    keywords: hdpe; material; pet; plastic; recycling; waste
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        item: #1944 of 7527
          id: cet-12011
      author: None
       title: cet-12011
        date: 2021-11-11
       words: 3298
      flesch: 43
     summary: 3.2 Analysis of Tar Components The tar generated from raw and torrefied EFB gasification is measured and characterized using GC-MS in order to determine components available in tar by-product. The list of detectable tar component obtained from raw and torrefied EFB gasification at temperature of 900°C and ER of 0.33 is shown in Table 2.
    keywords: biomass; efb; gasification; raw; synthesis; tar; temperature; torrefied
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        item: #1945 of 7527
          id: cet-12012
      author: None
       title: cet-12012
        date: 2021-11-11
       words: 4062
      flesch: 47
     summary: 1315 However, there have been no studies about the potential cellulose degrading ability to glucose from the rice straw powder of bacterial isolates isolated from the gut of the termite in Mekong Delta, Vietnam and may be applied in alcohol production in future. The aim of this study was to evaluate the potential cellulose degradation ability to glucose for the rice straw powder of bacterial strains in the gut of termite and identify the isolates having the high cellulose degradation ability by 16S rRNA genes sequencing. 2. Materials and methods 2.1 Isolation of bacterial isolates and colony characteristic examination A total of 13 termite nests were collected randomly TraOn district, VinhLong province, Mekong Delta, Vietnam and transferred to the laboratory of College of Natural Sciences, CanTho University.
    keywords: ability; bacterial; cellulose; cmc; degradation; glucose; isolates; rice; straw; termites
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        item: #1946 of 7527
          id: cet-12013
      author: None
       title: cet-12013
        date: 2021-11-11
       words: 3498
      flesch: 32
     summary: Figure 3: Increased mw irradiation of pellets versus reactivity (a) and heating values of mw pre-treated pellets (b) 3.2. Conclusions In the experimental study it has been found that mw pre-processing of different lignocellulosic pellets (wheat straw, wood, peat) results in complex variations of their weight loss and elemental composition responsible for variations of the reactivity and calorific values of mw pre-treated pellets which depend on the irradiation time and temperature during mw pre-pretreatment of pellets.
    keywords: biomass; decomposition; loss; pellets; pre; treatment
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        item: #1947 of 7527
          id: cet-12014
      author: None
       title: cet-12014
        date: 2021-11-11
       words: 3025
      flesch: 42
     summary: The corresponding measured vs. predicted DHAA conversions were also tabulated in Table 1. 1. Introduction Continuous synthesis has been widely employed in order to perform photooxygenation of the dihydroartemisinic acid (DHAA).
    keywords: conversion; dhaa; figure; flow; micro; photooxygenation; reactor
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        item: #1948 of 7527
          id: cet-12015
      author: None
       title: cet-12015
        date: 2021-11-11
       words: 2677
      flesch: 52
     summary: PLA mechanical properties can be tuned by addition of low molecular weight plasticizers such as lactic acid oligomers (Burgos, 2013), additives (Cicogna, 2017) or by blending with a more flexible polymer such as poly (butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) (PBAT) (Mallegni, 2018). To increase flexibility of PLA based materials it is possible to add low molecular weight plasticizers or prepare blends with another flexible polymer, such as poly(butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) (PBAT).
    keywords: acid; blends; ej400; ola2; pbat; pla; plasticizers
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        item: #1949 of 7527
          id: cet-12016
      author: None
       title: cet-12016
        date: 2021-11-11
       words: 3791
      flesch: 53
     summary: The left picture in Figure 4 shows fibre material with a residual resin content of 23 %. The right picture in Figure 4 shows an SEM image of fibre material with a significantly lower resin content, which is due to the test conditions of 330 °C and 105 min dwell time.
    keywords: chemical; fibre; material; matrix; recycling; temperature; time; water
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        item: #1950 of 7527
          id: cet-12017
      author: None
       title: 001.docx
        date: 2021-12-02
       words: 3502
      flesch: 50
     summary: Table 1: Improvement (%) of rolling and expanding windows prediction over static window prediction for the first-order without the moving average dataset FFA MOIST IV CV Improvement of expanding window prediction (%) 20.80 0.00 43.58 58.14 Improvement of rolling window prediction (%) 21.51 0.00 26.45 39.70 Average improvement (%) 21.16 0.00 35.02 48.92 4 Based on the results in Table 1, the moving windows prediction had significantly increased the efficiency for model training and prediction. Figure 3: MSEP for predicted FFA of RBDPO 3.3 Effect of static and moving window form of model training and prediction Table 1 shows the percentage improvement of rolling and expanding windows prediction for RBDPO FFA, MOIST, IV and CV over static window prediction for the first-order without the moving average dataset.
    keywords: data; model; oil; order; palm; prediction; rbdpo; training; window
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        item: #1951 of 7527
          id: cet-12018
      author: None
       title: 001.docx
        date: 2021-12-02
       words: 4200
      flesch: 63
     summary: E* 67.22a ± 1.29 68.95b ± 2.00 73.73c ± 2.82 80.92d ± 0.87 BI 99.46a ± 0.06 Chewiness (mJ) 13.47a ± 3.56 25.65b ± 4.74 12.53a ± 1.64 23.72b ± 2.14
    keywords: aquafaba; cake; chickpeas; egg; foaming; food; properties; treatment; white
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        item: #1952 of 7527
          id: cet-1202
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - CET--006.docx
        date: 2017-07-25
       words: 2643
      flesch: 43
     summary: According to the model, the influence of primary and secondary- side coil position of loosely coupled transformer on contactless power transmission system and the influence of primary and secondary- sided coil position on the system apparent power, transmission power and system transmission efficiency have been analyzed with utilization of experimental and ANSYS finite element simulation software. The mutual inductance between two adjacent circuit is determined by the circuit size, shape and relative position (Liu et al., 2012) in magnetic simulation environment of Maxwell's 3D (Hoang et al., 2012) mutual inductance simulation of contactless power transmission system, magnetic energy conversion mechanism, is done as shown in figure 6, model sizes are shown in table 2.
    keywords: coil; power; system
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        item: #1953 of 7527
          id: cet-12020
      author: None
       title: 001.docx
        date: 2021-12-02
       words: 4369
      flesch: 34
     summary: Listyarini A., Fauzia V., Imawan C., 2020, Mechanical and barrier properties of Tapioca/PVA composite films reinforced with pineapple leaf nanocellulose, Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 1428, 012002. The exceptional reinforcement of nanocellulose is due to its lightweight, high rigidity, and outstanding mechanical strength (Reshmy et al., 2020).
    keywords: acid; applications; chemical; et al; hydrolysis; leaf; materials; methods; nanocellulose; pineapple; pls; properties; treatment
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        item: #1954 of 7527
          id: cet-12021
      author: None
       title: 001.docx
        date: 2021-12-02
       words: 3859
      flesch: 52
     summary: The hollow structure of aerogel composites is created by sublimation of water in a mixture of FA and recycled polyethylene terephthalate (rPET) fibers bound by environmentally friendly adhesives including polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and xanthan gum (XG). 2.3 Characterization The densities of aerogel composites are calculated by measuring their weight and volume in the form of a cylinder.
    keywords: aerogel; aerogel composites; composites; fibers; insulation; pva; rpet; rpet aerogel; sound; wt%
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        item: #1955 of 7527
          id: cet-12022
      author: None
       title: 001.docx
        date: 2021-12-02
       words: 3813
      flesch: 52
     summary: 50-125 μm in diameter, and used for fabrication of CFs aerogel. Finally, CFs aerogel was preserved in a desiccator for further experiments.
    keywords: adsorption; aerogel; cellulose; cfs; cfs aerogel; coconut; dye; initial
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        item: #1956 of 7527
          id: cet-12023
      author: None
       title: 001.docx
        date: 2021-12-02
       words: 4616
      flesch: 44
     summary: Solar energy is an abundant and potential renewable energy source among all renewable energy sources, the most economical solution for the mini-grid and off-grid electrification in rural or remote areas and grid expansion (Shahsavari and Akbari, 2018). In 2013, the first FIT on solar energy released, and the FIT rate varied from 0.25 USD/kWh to 0.30 USD/kWh.
    keywords: capacity; countries; efficiency; energy; fit; kwh; policy; solar; southeast; vietnam
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        item: #1957 of 7527
          id: cet-12024
      author: None
       title: 001.docx
        date: 2021-12-02
       words: 3239
      flesch: 42
     summary: 3.2 Results of pretreatment survey with different chemical agents Results of the change in Crystallinity index (CrI) and pretreatment efficiency (based on Eq(3)) are shown in the Table 1. Table 1: Pretreatment efficiency and crystallinity when treated with different agents Pretreatment I200 (Intensity) Inon (Intensity) CrI (%) Pretreatment efficient (%) Acid pretreatment time and NaOH concentration are proportional to the process efficiency as characterised by the linear model (Figure 2a).
    keywords: acid; cellulose; crystallinity; efficiency; lignocellulose; material; naoh; pretreatment; solution; wt%
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        item: #1958 of 7527
          id: cet-12025
      author: None
       title: 001.docx
        date: 2021-12-02
       words: 3129
      flesch: 47
     summary: Solar photovoltaic (Scenario 2b) as it is cheaper, has a lower total capital cost compared to solar thermal assisted heat pump. Conclusions The case study shows that solar photovoltaic assisted heat pump integration is the perspective of economy is more preferable to solar thermal assisted heat pump.
    keywords: cost; electricity; energy; heat; pump; scenario; system; thermal
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        item: #1959 of 7527
          id: cet-12026
      author: None
       title: 001.docx
        date: 2021-12-02
       words: 3894
      flesch: 33
     summary: Green highway construction assessment tools is one of the decision making tools that use to measure the level of sustainability of highway development. Maltese et al., (2017) had concluded that integrated a tool like BIM would be able to manage criteria in the early design stages for a better sustainable design because the data from BIM tools could give more accuracy in calculation the rating for sustainable assessment tools.
    keywords: assessment; bim; building; construction; design; development; green; highway; infrastructure; malaysia; tools
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        item: #1960 of 7527
          id: cet-12027
      author: None
       title: 001.docx
        date: 2021-12-02
       words: 3981
      flesch: 52
     summary: Table 2: Level of readiness of COVID-19 handling in workplace for SHCP 17 components related to COVID-19 knowledge and capacity of SHCP Mean SD C4_6: Knows the effects of failure to comply with MCO and how to provides MCO notice to all employees 3.99 0.930 C4_5: SHCPs and TPs need more knowledge in post-MCO COVID-19 management, especially in terms of the capacity of the trained staff to adequately screen workers for COVID-19 symptoms after the MCO is lifted.
    keywords: capacity; covid-19; health; knowledge; malaysia; mco; respondents; shcps; sme; tps; workplace
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        item: #1961 of 7527
          id: cet-12028
      author: None
       title: 001.docx
        date: 2021-12-02
       words: 4276
      flesch: 52
     summary: It is hoped that this study will be to reduce the research gap on food loss studies in developing Asia, especially Indonesia, and highlight the importance of food loss reduction in the country’s economy and environmental sustainability. It makes the cereals sector the most important sector that needs to be assessed in food loss studies.
    keywords: food; food loss; indonesia; loss; model; reduction; sector; study
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        item: #1962 of 7527
          id: cet-12029
      author: None
       title: 001.docx
        date: 2021-12-02
       words: 3612
      flesch: 49
     summary: GHG emissions per production found that GHG emissions per yard reduced from 4.93 ± 1.76, 3.63 ± 0.31, 2.68 ± 0.31 kg CO2 eq/kg of production for 2017 to 2019, because energy type was moved from fuel oil to natural gas. GHG emissions from energy utilization in 2019, if separated by sector, the industrial sector had a portion of GHG emissions, accounting for 28 % of the country’s total GHG emissions.
    keywords: co2; dyeing; emissions; energy; factory; gas; ghg; ghg emissions; industry; textile
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        item: #1963 of 7527
          id: cet-1203
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - CET--006.docx
        date: 2017-07-25
       words: 2829
      flesch: 58
     summary: Davit Figure 1: Device for abandoning lines to protect electric poles from overload in distribution network lines 2. Xiao K., Hu Q., Cheng F., 2015, Device for abandoning lines to protect electric poles from overload with multi- direction in distribution lines, Chinese patent, 201510876024.8.
    keywords: action; device; distribution; electric; lines; poles; ring; shaft; value
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        item: #1964 of 7527
          id: cet-12030
      author: None
       title: 001.docx
        date: 2021-12-02
       words: 3621
      flesch: 46
     summary: Anastopoulos I., Kyzas G.Z., 2014, Agricultural peels for dye adsorption: A review of recent literature, Journal of Molecular Liquids, 200, 381-389. The parameters involved, such as equilibrium time, pH, adsorbent dose, initial dye concentration is evaluated.
    keywords: adsorption; chemical; ctop; dye; dyes; orange; peels; removal
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        item: #1965 of 7527
          id: cet-12031
      author: None
       title: 001.docx
        date: 2021-12-02
       words: 4409
      flesch: 50
     summary: Economic allocation of 1.67 % is applied to obtain EFB cost because EFB is a co-product of FFB. Empty fruit bunches (EFB) is one of the biomass which can be utilised for bioethanol production.
    keywords: assessment; bioethanol; cost; cycle; efb; ffb; impact; life; malaysia; oil; palm; plant; process; production
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        item: #1966 of 7527
          id: cet-12032
      author: None
       title: 001.docx
        date: 2021-12-02
       words: 3980
      flesch: 52
     summary: In this study, the cooperation of MSWI and WWTP including diversion of kitchen waste into wastewater through disposers; co-digestion of thickened sewage sludge, kitchen waste, and paper waste (via methane fermentation); and co-combustion of MSW and dewatered sewage sludge were evaluated in terms of operation costs and GHG emissions. In Case 3, thickened sludge, kitchen waste, and paper waste were co-digested.
    keywords: case; costs; emissions; ghg; japan; msw; mswi; sludge; waste
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        item: #1967 of 7527
          id: cet-12033
      author: None
       title: 001.docx
        date: 2021-12-02
       words: 3815
      flesch: 56
     summary: Compared with WWTP B, fossil carbon occupied a smaller proportion in WWTP A, because most of the CH4 produced in the digestion process of WWTP A was accounted for in the IPCC’s 101 scenario; that for WWTP B was not, and total fossil carbon of input sludge in WWTP B is higher than WWTP A. Table 2: Total greenhouse gas emissions (kg CO2-eq/d) A publication of The Italian Association of Chemical Engineering Online at www.cetjournal.it Guest Editors: Jeng Shiun Lim, Nor Alafiza Yunus, Jiří Jaromír Klemeš Copyright © 2021, AIDIC Servizi S.r.l. ISBN 978-88-95608-87-7; ISSN 2283-9216 Behaviour of Fossil and Biogenic Carbon in Sewage Sludge Treatment Processes and Their Impacts on Greenhouse Gas Emissions Chen Liua, Kazuyuki Oshitaa,*, Masaki Takaokaa, Satoshi Fukutanib a Department of Environmental Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, C-1-3, Kyoto Daigaku katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto, 615-8540, Japan b Institute for Integrated Radiation and Nuclear Science, Kyoto University, 2, Asashiro-Nishi, Kumatori-cho, Sennan-gun, Osaka 590-0494, Japan oshita@epsehost.env.kyoto-u.ac.jp The newly revised guidance from the 2019 Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) encourages assessment of fossil carbon in wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs).
    keywords: biogenic; carbon; co2; fossil; fossil carbon; n.a; sludge; treatment; wwtp
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        item: #1968 of 7527
          id: cet-12034
      author: None
       title: 001.docx
        date: 2021-12-02
       words: 3686
      flesch: 56
     summary: The subsidy scenario will have smaller disadvantage than mitigations plus carbon tax scenario. [Laos] model to assess impacts of introduction CO2 mitigation actions in the transport sector through the comparison for energy consumption, GDP growth and CO2 emissions in Laos.
    keywords: carbon; co2; emission; energy; lao; scenario; subsidy; tax
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        item: #1969 of 7527
          id: cet-12035
      author: None
       title: 001.docx
        date: 2021-12-02
       words: 4538
      flesch: 55
     summary: In which allele A is most common in the native wild boar population with a frequency of 65.12 %; followed by the population of WPxMC group with allele frequency A (53.66 %); WPxS, Mong Cai, and Soc pig groups have similar allele frequencies (47.06, 46.08 and 43.75 %). Genotype FUT1 AA is most common in the wild boar population with a rate of 37.21 %, and occurs least in Soc pig group (9.38 %).
    keywords: breeds; fut1; gene; group; growth; pig; piglets; pigs; rate; wild
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        item: #1970 of 7527
          id: cet-12036
      author: None
       title: 001.docx
        date: 2021-12-02
       words: 3619
      flesch: 45
     summary: Noslan (2017) has carried out RBDPO quality prediction using PCorrA technique. This shows that the predictor is robust and can be used as a prediction tool for RBDPO quality prediction in daily operation in LDEO.
    keywords: analysis; data; oil; palm; pcorra; prediction; quality; rbdpo; time; variables
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        item: #1971 of 7527
          id: cet-12037
      author: None
       title: 001.docx
        date: 2021-12-02
       words: 3852
      flesch: 46
     summary: In this study, the effectiveness of implementing policies in green transportation promotion areas shall be classified as an increase in eco-friendly transportation and a decrease in non-eco-friendly transportation through such collected data which is verified quantitatively. In this study, separate analyses were conducted by reducing non-environmental transportation modes and increasing eco-friendly ones through implementing green transportation promotion areas.
    keywords: air; area; eco; green; number; parking; policy; pollution; promotion; traffic; transportation
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        item: #1972 of 7527
          id: cet-12038
      author: None
       title: 001.docx
        date: 2021-12-02
       words: 4313
      flesch: 45
     summary: (2019) studied that the cumulative net cash flow generated by the biomass bamboo power plant in Mentawai is expected to be around 10 M USD in the 30th y with a payback period of 16 y. Recognizing the potential of bamboo resource for beneficial effects, the Indonesian government intends to increase the capacity of bamboo biomass energy to 500 MW (GGGI, 2019). Indonesia is working on meeting their electricity needs through biomass bamboo energy.
    keywords: bamboo; biomass; biomass bamboo; biomass energy; electricity; energy; generation; indonesia; japan; malaysia; plant; potential; power; technology; vietnam
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        item: #1973 of 7527
          id: cet-12039
      author: None
       title: 001.docx
        date: 2021-12-02
       words: 4064
      flesch: 48
     summary: Circular city economies are recommended for the future of sustainable cities. Insights drawn from the findings can support the development of key action plans for circular city economies The generated rules also enable ease of comprehension when relaying historical patterns to key decision makers.
    keywords: attribute; cities; city; classification; countries; decision; management; rules; waste
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        item: #1974 of 7527
          id: cet-1204
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - CET--006.docx
        date: 2017-07-25
       words: 3035
      flesch: 59
     summary: The method is: ) 3 h 2 h (WM'αM 0 s  (12)                          3 h h2W 3 h h2W 3 h h2WM' 0 3x 0 2x 0 1x (13) M, the maximum of bending moment of pole, kN m; α, the correction coefficient of line corner; 𝑀′, the bending moment from wind load, kN m; 𝑊𝑥, 𝑊𝑥 the wind load of wire, N; 𝑊𝑠 𝑊𝑥, the wind load of pole, N; ℎ1, ℎ2, ℎ3, the height of the cross arm, m; 0 h , the embedded depth of pole, m; h , the height of the pole on the ground, m. Table 3 is the value of α of several kinds of wires in the working condition (wind speed is 35m/s, span of two sides is 50m). Figure 7: Other pole working condition 827 The value of β is shown in Table 5.
    keywords: angle; load; pole;  ;  
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        item: #1975 of 7527
          id: cet-12040
      author: None
       title: 001.docx
        date: 2021-12-02
       words: 3655
      flesch: 48
     summary: Despite the disruption, bioenergy parks can continue their operation by optimizing the network's allocation of the material streams. Bioenergy parks are either formed via spontaneous, planned, or facilitated collaborations between facilities located in close proximity.
    keywords: bioenergy; capacity; graph; park; penalty; product; profit; scenario
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        item: #1976 of 7527
          id: cet-12041
      author: None
       title: 001.docx
        date: 2021-12-02
       words: 3485
      flesch: 37
     summary: The study revealed that the highest contributor for climate change, acidification, and fossil fuel impact category was fertilizer process production. The functional unit was the potential environmental impacts generated by 50 kg of urea fertilizer production.
    keywords: ammonia; consumption; energy; fertilizer; impact; indonesia; plant; process; production; unit; urea
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        item: #1977 of 7527
          id: cet-12042
      author: None
       title: 001.docx
        date: 2021-12-02
       words: 3880
      flesch: 42
     summary: Figure 1: Flowchart of prediction model’s framework The requirement of statistical analysis is that, the data must be random and the processing delay must be augmented to ensure the data is competent during the development of prediction model. Zhang L., Li Y., Wang Q., Yan C., 2015, Prediction model for steel/slag interfacial instability in continuous casting process, Ironmaking & Steelmaking, 42(9), 705-713.
    keywords: analysis; data; model; nipals; pcr; prediction; process; quality; time
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        item: #1978 of 7527
          id: cet-12043
      author: None
       title: 001.docx
        date: 2021-12-02
       words: 3460
      flesch: 54
     summary: Even in our previous studies, polyethylenimine (PEI) crosslinked PVC has been successfully prepared for Pd(II) recovery (Choi et al., 2017) and reactive dye removal (Wang et al., 2021). 2.2 Preparation of PEI-PVCF The method for preparing PEI-PVCF was modified based on our previous report (Wang et al., 2021).
    keywords: adsorption; model; pb(ii; pei; pvcf
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        item: #1979 of 7527
          id: cet-12044
      author: None
       title: 001.docx
        date: 2021-12-02
       words: 2748
      flesch: 53
     summary: Although there were a lot of past studies about the mathematical modelling of water integration between plants with the centralised system, the mathematical model regarding concentration fluctuation penalty has not been studied. Misrol et al. (2021) introduced a model that utilises wastewater to generate reused water and biogas.
    keywords: concentration; penalty; system; water
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        item: #1980 of 7527
          id: cet-12045
      author: None
       title: cet-12045
        date: 2021-12-10
       words: 3661
      flesch: 50
     summary: The results indicate that an important correlation between the spread of COVID-19 and shared bicycle use has been found. When the same analysis was conducted based on the number of businesses, the 'hotspot' of the number of offices was distributed similarly to the 'coldspot' of shared bicycle use.
    keywords: analysis; bicycle; data; number; public; regression; seoul; study; transportation; use
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        item: #1981 of 7527
          id: cet-12046
      author: None
       title: 001.docx
        date: 2021-12-02
       words: 4234
      flesch: 51
     summary: Treatment capacity L/y 10.22 183.96 3185.4 15,330 1,314,000 HRT1 h 24 16.56 11 144 2 Effluent COD mg/L 112.5 43.5 90.3 70 50 Anode chamber PMMA PMMA N/A PMMA PVC g/FU 3.98 × 10-3 3.34 × 10-2 N/A 7.44 × 10-1 3.92 × 10-2 Anode Carbon paper Graphite felt Carbon brush Carbon brush Coal GAC g/FU 5.89 × 10-4 1.63 × 10-3 2.89 × 10-3 5.96 × 10-3 1.43 × 10-2 Cathode chamber N/A PMMA N/A SS mesh PVC g/FU N/A 3.34 × 10-2 N/A 3.94 × 10-2 3.92 × 10-2 Cathode Carbon cloth Carbon brush Carbon cloth Carbon mesh Coal GAC g/FU 7.9 × 10-4 6.83 × 10-4 2.27 × 10-3 2.58 × 10-3 1.43 × 10-2 Platinum N/A AC powder Platinum N
    keywords: cycle; electricity; life; mfc; microbial; study; treatment; wastewater
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        item: #1982 of 7527
          id: cet-12047
      author: None
       title: 001.docx
        date: 2021-12-02
       words: 4047
      flesch: 49
     summary: The HZSM-5, CaO, and WCE catalysts were also characterized to compare the physicochemical properties with the WCE/HZSM-5 catalyst. 2-Theta (°) HZSM-5 CaO WCE WCE/HZSM-5 183 3.2 Surface morphology
    keywords: area; cao; catalyst; hzsm-5; pore; surface; wce
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        item: #1983 of 7527
          id: cet-12048
      author: None
       title: 001.docx
        date: 2021-12-02
       words: 4482
      flesch: 47
     summary: The large specific surface area (160 m2/g) of CCUF with high microporosity and nitrogen content provide capabilities for CO2 adsorption under ambient conditions. The result shows that the N-enriched CCUF adsorbent has a potential for CO2 adsorption.
    keywords: acid; adsorption; capacity; carbon; ccuf; co2; co2 adsorption; gel; surface; synthesis; water
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        item: #1984 of 7527
          id: cet-12049
      author: None
       title: 001.docx
        date: 2021-12-02
       words: 4146
      flesch: 49
     summary: Malaysia energy policy planning has placed more emphasis on efficiency of generation and emissions reductions. Current Malaysia energy policy and planning has neglected the impact and future risk of extreme weather on the energy system because of the stable climate of the country.
    keywords: climate; country; disaster; energy; flood; generation; hydropower; impact; malaysia; risk; solar; system; water
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        item: #1985 of 7527
          id: cet-1205
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - CET--006.docx
        date: 2017-07-25
       words: 3770
      flesch: 40
     summary: 3.2 DSP peripheral circuit design Rich DSP internal resources, so relatively speaking, the external circuit is relatively simple, mainly consists of several parts: power supply circuit, reset circuit, crystal oscillator circuit, JTAG debug interface and associated pin configuration circuit. Digital power supply is a new power supply technology which has some new functions like intelligent control, protection circuitry and communication interfaces.
    keywords: circuit; control; design; dsp; instruction; power; pwm; signal; supply; switching; system; voltage
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        item: #1986 of 7527
          id: cet-12050
      author: None
       title: 001.docx
        date: 2021-12-02
       words: 3641
      flesch: 52
     summary: MW dried silica support showed the high surface area and pore volume, while HA dried silica support showed densely packed particles with small pore volume. Figure 3: SEM images for silica support dried by different drying technique, and EDS mapping of Mn (g-i), and W (j-k) in NWM catalysts.
    keywords: catalysts; drying; methane; microwave; na2wo4; nwm; pore; silica; sio2; support; surface
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        item: #1987 of 7527
          id: cet-12051
      author: None
       title: 001.docx
        date: 2021-12-02
       words: 4317
      flesch: 49
     summary: Despite the increase of solid residual observed, this study has shown that catalytic pyrolysis can be conducted using RHA catalysts with the additional benefit of being a renewable resource that is low-cost compared to HZMS-5 catalyst. Kan T., Strezov V., Evans T., He J., Kumar R., Lu Q., 2020, Catalytic pyrolysis of lignocellulosic biomass: A review of variations in process factors and system structure, Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 134, 110305.
    keywords: catalysts; catalytic; efb; hdpe; hzsm-5; malaysia; phase; process; pyrolysis; rha
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        item: #1988 of 7527
          id: cet-12052
      author: None
       title: 001.docx
        date: 2021-12-02
       words: 3507
      flesch: 45
     summary: After 30 min, the OFL treatment efficiency reached over 45 % for O3 and 35 % for H2O2, but when O3 and H2O2 were combined in the peroxone process, the treatment efficiency reached over 50 % and increased to 72 % after 60 min. Chen and Wang (2021) showed OFL removal efficiency (pH = 7) reached 35 % after 30 min and 45 % after 60 min. Figure 1: Effect of pH on OFL removal in peroxone processes: (a) Single O3, (b) Single H2O2 and (c) O3/H2O2 ( Effect of OFL concentration initial on OFL removal in peroxone processes Figure 5 shows the effect of the OFL concentration initial on the removal of OFL.
    keywords: concentration; h2o2; hospital; ofl; peroxone; process; removal; treatment; wastewater
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        item: #1989 of 7527
          id: cet-12053
      author: None
       title: 001.docx
        date: 2021-12-02
       words: 3181
      flesch: 48
     summary: Comparison of benzene vapor adsorption capacity and pressure loss of CAF-PP and CAF-PET filters was performed in the study. The results show that the adsorption capacity is higher than that of Huong et al. (2016) when testing benzene vapor adsorption with activated carbon from tea with an adsorption capacity of 0.9 mg/g at air flow rate of 0.3 L.min-1, at 40 °C with an benzene initial concentration of 20-40 ppm.
    keywords: adsorption; benzene; caf; capacity; carbon; filter; pet; pressure
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        item: #1990 of 7527
          id: cet-12054
      author: None
       title: 001.docx
        date: 2021-12-02
       words: 2980
      flesch: 37
     summary: At both conditions, the power output was gradually increased until is stabilized to 24 kW. This result illustrated that the quantity and quality of syngas flowrate play a significant role in energy output. In this case, biomass based energy generations emerge as a reliable and feasible approach towards the movement of modern renewable energy technology (Sun et al., 2014).
    keywords: bamboo; chp; control; energy; gasification; model; output; plant; system
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        item: #1991 of 7527
          id: cet-12056
      author: None
       title: 001.docx
        date: 2021-12-02
       words: 3750
      flesch: 37
     summary: Table 1: Project environmental assessment (Korea and the world) Project Stage Korea A publication of The Italian Association of Chemical Engineering Online at www.cetjournal.it Guest Editors: Jeng Shiun Lim, Nor Alafiza Yunus, Jiří Jaromír Klemeš Copyright © 2021, AIDIC Servizi S.r.l. ISBN 978-88-95608-87-7; ISSN 2283-9216 Review of Eco-friendly Guidance of Transport Infrastructure: Korea and the World Madiha Bencekria, Donggyun Kua, Juhyeon Kwakb, Jooyoung Kimc, Seungjae Leea,* a Department of Transportation Engineering, University of Seoul, Korea b Department of Transportation Engineering/Department of Smart Cities, University of Seoul, Korea c Department of Transport Planning & Management, Korea National University of Transportation, Korea sjlee@uos.ac.kr Korea had a big ambition to be one of the most sustainable cities, so the government is paying more attention to environmental impacts as a key element in evaluating any transportation project, such as subway construction and extension.
    keywords: assessment; benefits; environmental; impacts; infrastructure; korea; noise; pollution; projects; transport; transportation
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        item: #1992 of 7527
          id: cet-12057
      author: None
       title: 001.docx
        date: 2021-12-02
       words: 3136
      flesch: 53
     summary: A few research claims that soot and solid residual ash have a high potential for causing adverse health effects and environmental impacts, especially volatile organic compounds (VOCs) (Verma et al., 2016), smoke/soot (Hafidzal et al., 2018), and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) (Razak et al., 2021a) NO2, CO2, CO, and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) (Razak et al., 2021b). Three theories of plasticizers concluded (Chieng et al., 2014).
    keywords: bio; eerso; epso; et al; oil; pla; plasticizer
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        item: #1993 of 7527
          id: cet-12058
      author: None
       title: 001.docx
        date: 2021-12-02
       words: 3882
      flesch: 41
     summary: The net GHG emissions are calculated by summing the GHG emissions from palm waste processing (EMPRO) and transportation (EMTRANS), subtracted by the avoided emissions (EMAV). Despite its vast potential as feedstock for downstream industries, palm wastes are still inadequately utilized in Malaysia.
    keywords: biomass; emissions; ghg; malaysia; oil; palm; processing; solution; waste
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        item: #1994 of 7527
          id: cet-12059
      author: None
       title: 001.docx
        date: 2021-12-02
       words: 3645
      flesch: 45
     summary: Because the minimum protein solubility for M. oleifera leaf proteins is attained at the isoelectric point between pH 3.2 and 4.5, the acid precipitation method is an efficient method for isolating leaf proteins. Crude fats 0.50 ± 0.02 3.2 Characterization and functional properties of MOLPC 3.2.1 Effect of solid-to-solvent ratio on protein content, FAC and WAC of MOLPC Protein content of MOLPC increases with increasing solid-to-solvent ratio (Table 2).
    keywords: content; extraction; molpc; oleifera; protein; sample; solvent; weight
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        item: #1995 of 7527
          id: cet-1206
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - CET--006.docx
        date: 2017-07-25
       words: 3010
      flesch: 41
     summary: Finally, Fuzzy PID excitation control system based on improved PSO algorithm simulation tests are carried on and comparisons with excitation control without PID, the conventional PID excitation control, PSO optimization of conventional PID and fuzzy PID excitation control system excitation control system are performed. The results show that fuzzy PID excitation control system based on improved PSO has excellent dynamic and static quality and control effect, stronger robustness and adaptability.
    keywords: controller; excitation; pid; system
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        item: #1996 of 7527
          id: cet-12060
      author: None
       title: 001.docx
        date: 2021-12-02
       words: 3167
      flesch: 54
     summary: FT-IR analysis confirmed that PAA was successfully modified on the PSBF surface. The surface of PSBF was modified by coating with PAA using HCl as a catalyst.
    keywords: adsorption; cd(ii; paa; psbf; solution
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        item: #1997 of 7527
          id: cet-12061
      author: None
       title: 001.docx
        date: 2021-12-02
       words: 3476
      flesch: 43
     summary: Inventories for total mercury emission and release in 2019 were devised to understand pollution sources. The total mercury input in 2019 was 36.4 t, of which 30.4 t were released to the natural environment under the output scenario of mercury release with no emission control.
    keywords: combustion; health; impact; malaysia; mercury; production; release; total
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        item: #1998 of 7527
          id: cet-12062
      author: None
       title: 001.docx
        date: 2021-12-02
       words: 4086
      flesch: 56
     summary: Therefore, low carbon energy resources must be deployed to meet rising energy demands in rural areas. This study will also analyse the usage of low carbon energy resources considering the carbon emission reduction targets to meet electrical demands in rural communities.
    keywords: carbon; emission; energy; planning; plant; resources; time
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        item: #1999 of 7527
          id: cet-12063
      author: None
       title: 001.docx
        date: 2021-12-02
       words: 3065
      flesch: 40
     summary: Figure 1: Interesterification reaction in a cavitation reactor 3. Asif S., Ahmad M., Bokhari A., Chuah L.F., Klemeš J.J., Akbar M.M., Sultana S., Yusup S., 2017, Methyl ester synthesis of Pistacia khinjuk seed oil by ultrasonic-assisted cavitation system, Industrial Crops and Products 108, 336-347.
    keywords: biodiesel; cavitation; interesterification; khinjuk; methyl; oil; pistacia; pressure; reaction
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        item: #2000 of 7527
          id: cet-12064
      author: None
       title: 001.docx
        date: 2021-12-02
       words: 4261
      flesch: 60
     summary: Four different types of water circulation system which are, (a) 2 h on and off (2HWC), (b) 4 h on and off (4HWC), (c) 8 h on and 16 h off (8HWC) and (d) 24 h on (24HWC) of the pump were implemented on the aquaponic units. Lower energy consumption in aquaponics system reduces the high cost associated with small aquaponic farm and increase profit in the long-term run.
    keywords: 2hwc; aquaponics; consumption; energy; fish; growth; plants; pump; system; water; weight
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        item: #2001 of 7527
          id: cet-12065
      author: None
       title: 001.docx
        date: 2021-12-02
       words: 3295
      flesch: 51
     summary: In this study, shared-PMV data analysis was used to investigate the current status of PMVs, and mobile data analysis was used to categorize the pedestrian group especially first/last mile pedestrian group, and the travel characteristics (average travel time and travel distance, etc.) of pedestrian and PMV groups were compared to DOI: 10.3303/CET2189049 Paper Received: 19 May 2021; Revised: 29 October 2021; Accepted: 15 November 2021 The travel modes are distinguished by the variables of mobile data (travel speed, department time, travel distance, travel time, etc.), and the short-distance group consists of short-distance passenger cars and pedestrians (main mode and access mode).
    keywords: data; distance; mobile; mode; pmvs; time; travel
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        item: #2002 of 7527
          id: cet-12066
      author: None
       title: 001.docx
        date: 2021-12-02
       words: 3378
      flesch: 25
     summary: 4.1 Different approaches in defining social sustainability principles The majority of scholars who examined social sustainability from a development perspective discussed its attributes without specifying the specific area of development. Figure 2: The percentage distribution of social sustainability (SS) themes discussed in 81 reviewed literatures Regardless of the sub-area or theme of discussion in defining social sustainability, authors found some common convergence points of social sustainability principles in the discussion of this topic.
    keywords: community; concept; development; environment; facilities; literature; needs; principles; review; sustainability
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        item: #2003 of 7527
          id: cet-12067
      author: None
       title: 001.docx
        date: 2021-12-02
       words: 3487
      flesch: 47
     summary: Mercury release to land had the largest impact on ED, followed by mercury emissions to air and discharge to water. This study provides quantitative information on the environmental impact of mercury release, facilitating strategic management of mercury emissions in line with the Minamata Convention on Mercury (implemented in China in 2017).
    keywords: acr; china; impact; mercury; release; scenario
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        item: #2004 of 7527
          id: cet-12068
      author: None
       title: 001.docx
        date: 2021-12-02
       words: 3584
      flesch: 55
     summary: Based on this background, this study was conducted to find a suitable chemical process to obtain M. micrantha extract with strong herbicide characteristics by analysing of the phytotoxicity effect of tested plants at a laboratory scale, namely mung beans (Vigna radiata). 3.3 Effect of crude extract concentration M. micrantha and eluent of crude extract concentration on mung bean sprouts length 5% crude extract did not have a significant effect on the mung bean sprout’s length.
    keywords: crude; effect; ethyl; extract; fraction; hexane; inhibition; micrantha; mung
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        item: #2005 of 7527
          id: cet-12069
      author: None
       title: 001.docx
        date: 2021-12-02
       words: 3373
      flesch: 44
     summary: The findings have shown that a longer duration of contact time, the higher adsorption rate of copper (II) ions due to the increased possibility of RHA’s active sites for metal ions adsorption, corresponds to decreasing metal concentration in final metal ions solutions. The adsorption rate was higher by increasing the adsorbent mass due to increased RHA active sites for metal ions adsorption at optimum pH 7. 1.
    keywords: adsorbent; adsorption; concentration; copper; ions; metal; rice; simulation
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        item: #2006 of 7527
          id: cet-1207
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - CET--006.docx
        date: 2017-07-25
       words: 3179
      flesch: 37
     summary: Based on the study of empirical mode decomposition method, this theory is introduced into the field of power load forecasting, we presented a short-term load forecasting method based on Empirical Mode Decomposition (EMD). Research on intelligent power load forecasting model based on empirical mode decomposition As mentioned above, the power system load can be decomposed into several components from the theoretical analysis.
    keywords: decomposition; emd; forecasting; load; mode; power; signal; time
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        item: #2007 of 7527
          id: cet-12070
      author: None
       title: 001.docx
        date: 2021-12-02
       words: 3680
      flesch: 58
     summary: The remaining 700 kW at hot stream H1 has higher temperature than the remaining cold stream C2 (see SHAC 2 in Table 1). So, H2-E1 refers to stream H2 allocating heat to cold streams via heat exchanger E1 in the 195-75 °C temperature interval.
    keywords: exchanger; heat; hen; retrofit; shac; stream
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        item: #2008 of 7527
          id: cet-12071
      author: None
       title: 001.docx
        date: 2021-12-02
       words: 3468
      flesch: 48
     summary: Biochar application can also widely affect soil CH4 and N2O fluxes, which in turn makes it difficult to predict the exact amount of net CO2 sequestration. Among the options are enhanced weathering (EW), direct air capture (DAC), bioenergy with carbon capture and storage (BECCS), ocean liming (OL), soil carbon sequestration (SCS), and biochar.
    keywords: alkalinity; application; biochar; carbon; limits; model; sequestration; soil
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        item: #2009 of 7527
          id: cet-12072
      author: None
       title: 001.docx
        date: 2021-12-02
       words: 3132
      flesch: 51
     summary: Research methodology 2.1 Selection and operation of PM priority road in Seoul Several localization methodologies have been applied to create PM priority roads. At this time, approximately 24,584 traffic was converted to public transportation, and 18,217 traffic, or 74.1 % of the traffic, used PM during the transition.
    keywords: air; benefits; gangnam; roads; seoul; traffic; transportation; use
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        item: #2010 of 7527
          id: cet-12073
      author: None
       title: 001.docx
        date: 2021-12-02
       words: 4281
      flesch: 39
     summary: The physical- chemical property of magnetic seeds is critical for magnetic separation. The research proposed a new magnetic separation system, i.e., open gradient superconducting magnetic separation (OGMS) was introduced before high gradient superconducting magnetic separation (HGMS).
    keywords: cfa; flocculation; performance; phosphorus; process; removal; seeds; separation; sludge; treatment; wastewater
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        item: #2011 of 7527
          id: cet-12074
      author: None
       title: 001.docx
        date: 2021-12-02
       words: 3621
      flesch: 42
     summary: As EIP site selection criteria are factors that determine its goal, alternatives are characteristics that support the criteria to achieve the objectives. To make EIP site selection optimal and precise, this study presents a hybrid fuzzy-analytic hierarchy process (F-AHP) and geographic information system (GIS) model that was tested using six criteria for EIP site selection defined by Boolean logic.
    keywords: ahp; criteria; eip; gis; selection; site; weight
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        item: #2012 of 7527
          id: cet-12075
      author: None
       title: 001.docx
        date: 2021-12-02
       words: 3428
      flesch: 52
     summary: The optimal network selected is shown in Figure 2. Figure 2: The proposed optimization solution The directly reused water for process water and toilet flushing grade water is 15 m3/h and 113.2 m3/h each. A total of 442.4 m3/h of freshwater and 1 m3/h of outsourced water are used for mixing purpose in order to supply process water and toilet flushing grade water to the demand.
    keywords: nexus; objective; optimization; process; water; 𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆
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        item: #2013 of 7527
          id: cet-12076
      author: None
       title: 001.docx
        date: 2021-12-02
       words: 4089
      flesch: 44
     summary: This article aims to analyse the role of variety attributes on the adoption and farmers awareness of improved cassava varieties in Kisumu County, Kenya. Awareness of production attributes, yield, maturity period, pest and disease resistance, and drought tolerance induced the adoption of improved cassava varieties.
    keywords: adoption; cassava; cassava varieties; farmers; food; security; tms; varieties; variety
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        item: #2014 of 7527
          id: cet-12077
      author: None
       title: 001.docx
        date: 2021-12-02
       words: 3702
      flesch: 46
     summary: 4. Case study The proposed economic analysis methodology is applied to solar thermal systems based on three types of thermal energy trading: conventional (scenario 1) and centralisation (scenario 2), and decentralisation (scenario 3) as illustrated in Figure 2. Scenario 1 consists of three plants with individual solar thermal facilities. The tool designs and analyses solar heat in industrial processes and calculates annual costs based on climate and hourly demand.
    keywords: collector; demand; energy; heat; p2p; peer; plant; scenario; system; thermal; trading
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        item: #2015 of 7527
          id: cet-12078
      author: None
       title: 001.docx
        date: 2021-12-02
       words: 3460
      flesch: 36
     summary: Figure 4: The process diagram of automated blending system in fertigation 2.5 Advantages of fertigation system Cisternas et al. (2020) had described numerous benefits of this automated system will increase agricultural productivity, as mentioned in Table 4, which positively impact the planet's sustainability, people, and profits. References Abd Rahman, M. K. I., Buyamin, S., Abidin, M. S. Z., Mokji, M. M., 2018, Development of automatic mixing process for fertigation system in Rock Melon cultivation, International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering, 8(3), 1913–1919.
    keywords: control; fertigation; fertilizer; irrigation; nitrogen; nutrient; plant; system; water
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        item: #2016 of 7527
          id: cet-12079
      author: None
       title: 001.docx
        date: 2021-12-02
       words: 4213
      flesch: 56
     summary: Figure 1: pH of hydrolysis reactor In oyster shell treatments, even though CaCO3 can neutralize VFA, the reaction produces CO2 gas that can lower the pH. CO2 gas can be released to the atmosphere to reduce CO2 saturation. Oyster shell treatment increased the liquid residue TS than alkali treatment: the reason is higher VS in OS treatment and higher inorganic ash content in IOS treatment.
    keywords: anaerobic; ios; methane; oyster; powder; shell; stage; treatment; waste
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        item: #2017 of 7527
          id: cet-1208
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - CET--006.docx
        date: 2017-07-25
       words: 3180
      flesch: 27
     summary: Finally, applies the above theory to the design of energy saving control system in X company’s office center electrical system; Results: The design of the electrical energy control system for the X company office center to save about 20% of the cost; Conclusions: The design of the electric energy saving control system has obvious energy-saving effect, and has important value of application popularized. (3) The composition of the system hardware The construction of electrical control system of the network structure is divided into two level network structures, which belongs to a class of high-speed LAN; realize its function in general is carried out by a workstation, controller and file server etc.
    keywords: air; automation; building; control; energy; equipment; office; saving; system; water
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        item: #2018 of 7527
          id: cet-12080
      author: None
       title: 001.docx
        date: 2021-12-02
       words: 3455
      flesch: 52
     summary: 3.2 Fourier-Transformed Infrared Spectroscopy FTIR spectra of EPO and cured epoxy resin R 1.0 are shown in Figure 3. Despite its advantages, the rigid 3D epoxy resin precludes flow, resulting in the recycling and reprocessing of epoxy resin becomes impossible.
    keywords: epoxy; figure; healing; resin; self
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        item: #2019 of 7527
          id: cet-12081
      author: None
       title: 001.docx
        date: 2021-12-02
       words: 3159
      flesch: 44
     summary: Artesian well location based on Toulier et al. (2019), (b) Map of groundwater sample and bore log data locations, (c) Umbulan Spring viewed from above, (d) Bromo-Tengger Caldera at the top Bromo-Tengger Volcanic Complex The analysis of the isotopes 2H (deuterium or D) and 18O, as stable isotopes in water, can be used for groundwater classification by observing the amount of isotope content in groundwater samples and comparing that with the isotope content of rainwater samples at the research site which are representative of the local meteoric water line (Craig, 1961). 001.docx DOI: 10.3303/CET2189065 Paper Received: 6 June 2021; Revised: 5 September 2021; Accepted: 22 November 2021 Please cite this article as: Fajar M.H.M., Warnana D.D., Widodo A., Prabawa S.E., Iswahyudi A., 2021, Aquifer System Analysis to Identify the Cause of Groundwater Depletion at Umbulan Spring, Indonesia, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 89, 385-390 DOI:10.3303/CET2189065 CHEMICAL ENGINEERING TRANSACTIONS VOL.
    keywords: aquifer; bromo; data; figure; groundwater; spring; system; tengger; umbulan; wells
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        item: #2020 of 7527
          id: cet-12082
      author: None
       title: 001.docx
        date: 2022-05-23
       words: 3593
      flesch: 36
     summary: But the cost issue can be suppressed if microalgae is cultivated coupled with wastewater resulting in the resource recovery and biomass production at the same time. Details of some of the treatments coupled with biomass production are shown in Table 2. • Microalgal wastewater treatment (MA-WWT) can be effectively coupled with the existing treatment facilities to achieve biofuel production, promoting circular bioeconomy approach.
    keywords: bioeconomy; biofuels; biomass; biorefinery; energy; microalgae; production; products; recovery; resource; technology; wastewater
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        item: #2021 of 7527
          id: cet-12083
      author: None
       title: 001.docx
        date: 2021-12-02
       words: 3693
      flesch: 51
     summary: As daily biomethane production fixed at 115.93 m3/d, biomethane storage helps regulate the surplus and deficit of biomethane required to satisfy the fluctuated daily energy demands. The energy and organic waste storage were required to tackle the fluctuation of daily energy demands and mass flowrates of organic wastes available.
    keywords: analysis; biomethane; ch4; day; energy; manure; ratio; storage; wastes
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        item: #2022 of 7527
          id: cet-12084
      author: None
       title: 001.docx
        date: 2021-12-02
       words: 3601
      flesch: 43
     summary: Review method This review mainly covers studies of water consumption and wastewater discharges in electricity generation from renewable energy sources. In addition to water quantity, water pollution and wastewater discharge, as well as other aquatic environmental impacts in renewable energy generation, needs further study.
    keywords: consumption; energy; generation; kwh; power; sources; water
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        item: #2023 of 7527
          id: cet-12085
      author: None
       title: 001.docx
        date: 2021-12-02
       words: 4165
      flesch: 54
     summary: 410 % 𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆 𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜 𝑦𝑦𝑜𝑜𝑦𝑦𝑜𝑜𝑦𝑦 = � Mi − Mf Mi � × 100 (3) where Mi is the dry SCG mass before oil extraction and Mf is the mass of dry SCG succeeding oil extraction. Figure 1a shows that there was no discernible improvement in oil recovery after 6 h of oil extraction for hexane.
    keywords: coffee; extraction; grounds; hexane; methf; oil; ratio; scg; solvent
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        item: #2024 of 7527
          id: cet-12086
      author: None
       title: 001.docx
        date: 2021-12-02
       words: 4884
      flesch: 51
     summary: Janusz, G., Pawlik, A., Sulej, J., Świderska-Burek, U., Jarosz-Wilkołazka, A., Paszczyński, A, 2017, Lignin degradation: microorganisms, enzymes involved, genomes analysis and evolution, FEMS microbiology reviews, 41(6), 941-962. Lam, S. S., Lee, X. Y., Nam, W. L., Phang, X. Y., Liew, R. K., Yek, P. N., Ho, Y. L., Ma, N. L., Mohd Rosli, H. N. B., 2019, Microwave vacuum pyrolysis conversion of waste mushroom substrate into biochar for use as growth medium in mushroom cultivation, Journal of Chemical Technology and Biotechnology, 94(5), 1406- 1415. The 100 % SR with 2 wt% of charcoal substrate recorded the fastest mycelium growth which around 19 days.
    keywords: charcoal; growth; mushroom; substrate; wt%; wt% charcoal; yield
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        item: #2025 of 7527
          id: cet-12087
      author: None
       title: 001.docx
        date: 2021-12-02
       words: 3954
      flesch: 41
     summary: Motivational example Based on the mapping of secondary resources to product and service demands, developed in (Gai et al., 2021b) – Figure 1, the current authors extended the analysis to the comparative evaluation of the trends of the Total Annualised Cost (TAC) on the one hand and the saving of footprints – GHG and Water. Full details on the case study can be found in the base work dealing with cost and exergy assessments (Gai et al., 2021b) and in the follow-up footprint evaluation study (Gai et al., 2021a).
    keywords: actors; analysis; economy; energy; et al; integration; klemeš; process; resources; symbiosis; use
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        item: #2026 of 7527
          id: cet-12088
      author: None
       title: 001.docx
        date: 2021-12-02
       words: 2747
      flesch: 52
     summary: Olsen P., Aschan M., 2010, Reference method for analysing material flow, information flow and information loss in food supply chains, Trends in Food Science and Technology, 21(6), 313-320. Olsen P., Borit M., 2018, The components of a food traceability system, Trends in Food Science & Technology, 77, 143-149. There are a few technological challenges to be faced while developing seafood traceability systems (Olsen and Aschan, 2010).
    keywords: block; chain; data; malaysia; seafood; shrimp; supply; system; traceability
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        item: #2027 of 7527
          id: cet-12089
      author: None
       title: 001.docx
        date: 2021-12-02
       words: 3576
      flesch: 45
     summary: Bio-oil that can be obtained from biomass, has a complex, diverse, and large carbon range content in its current state, as opposed to gasoline's carbon range and lower hydrocarbon that can be used as fuel and intermediate products. Bio-oil can be utilized as a source of energy for engines (Davidovits, 2013), as well as environmentally friendly binder and organic chemical resource (Dayaratne and Gunawardana, 2015).
    keywords: bio; carbon; hydroxypropanone; oil; pressure; reaction; temperature
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        item: #2028 of 7527
          id: cet-1209
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - CET--006.docx
        date: 2017-07-25
       words: 2768
      flesch: 44
     summary: In order to evaluate changes in the system dynamic response, this paper introduces two performance indicators: conditions under periodic system response and send event-triggered mechanism IAE system response time, as well as time-triggered and event-triggered two mechanisms under dynamic response bias: ( ) ( ) 0 t time based event triggedIAE x t x t dt− −= − (7) ( ) ( )time based event triggeredTRE x t x t− −= − (8) Stable operation of power system, the frequency of the whole system is kept within a permissible range. +  =  (5) ( )u t ( )y t ( )cu t  ( )y t Figure 2: The general structure of CPPS wide area damping control system PMU preclude the collection of synchronized phasor data packets transmitted between the controller and the remote object, in addition to the calculation processing time controller, but also produce network-induced delays.
    keywords: area; control; figure; grid; indicators; power; signal; system
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        item: #2029 of 7527
          id: cet-12091
      author: None
       title: 001.docx
        date: 2021-12-02
       words: 3866
      flesch: 51
     summary: Meanwhile based on Figure 1b, maximum peel strength is obtained for blend with 18.44 phr for a cure time of approximately four days (3.75 d) which is 500.2 J/m. Figure 1: 3D- response plot for (a) shear strength and (b) peel strength 4. Eq(1) and (2) below is for shear strength model and peel strength model.
    keywords: banthia; epoxy; peel; ratna; rubber; shear; strength; time
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        item: #2030 of 7527
          id: cet-12092
      author: None
       title: 001.docx
        date: 2021-12-02
       words: 3861
      flesch: 50
     summary: The methanation reactions (R5, R6 and R7) are exothermic, which most probably takes place at lower temperatures (<600 °C) due to a positive magnitude of ln K. Due to their negative magnitude of ln K and equilibrium constraints, the methanation processes are limited to high temperatures (>600 °C) Figure 1: Temperature dependence of the equilibrium constant for co-cracking of ethyl acetate reaction at atmospheric pressure The natural logarithm of the equilibrium constant values for oxidative coupling of methane reactions (R8 and R9) drop as temperature rises, indicating that these reactions are not possible at high temperatures. Equilibrium thermodynamic analysis of light olefins production from bio-oil model compound has been recently conducted using total Gibbs free energy minimization technique.
    keywords: acetate; bio; eaer; eamr; energy; ethyl; oil; temperature
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        item: #2031 of 7527
          id: cet-12093
      author: None
       title: 001.docx
        date: 2021-12-02
       words: 3894
      flesch: 53
     summary: Management practices to prevent and mitigate soil salinization, Horticulturae, 3(2), 30. Mantovani J.R., Carrera M., Moreira J.L.A., Marques D.J., Silva A.B.D., 2017, Fertility properties and leafy vegetable production in soils fertilized with cattle manure, Massoro, 30(4), 825-836. Parwada C., Chigiya V., Ngezimana W., Chipomho J., 2020, Growth and performance of baby Spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.) grown under different organic fertilizers, International Journal of Agronomy, 1, 1-6. Muriel F., 2003, Vegetable consumption behaviour in Vietnam, Centre de Coopèration Internationale de Recherche Agronomique pour le Dèveloppement (CIRAD), French. In this study, HAL.31 was compared the efficiency with an old version of organic fertilizer and inorganic fertilizer on the growth of Mustard greens, Water spinach, and Amaranth.
    keywords: compost; fertilizer; growth; hal.31; leaves; nt2; nt3; plants; spinach; treatments
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        item: #2032 of 7527
          id: cet-12094
      author: None
       title: 001.docx
        date: 2021-12-02
       words: 3820
      flesch: 49
     summary: The purpose of MSG is to generate a maximal structure (i.e., a non-redundant, rigorous superstructure) from a set of component process units (Friedler et al., 1993). The P-graph framework is a powerful decision support tool because of its intrinsic capability to enumerate optimal and near-optimal solutions to an engineering problem, where a list of such options may be valuable to a decision-maker (Friedler et al., 2019).
    keywords: follower; graph; leader; nets; problem; solution; stackelberg; technologies
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        item: #2033 of 7527
          id: cet-12095
      author: None
       title: 001.docx
        date: 2021-12-02
       words: 4230
      flesch: 57
     summary: There was no significant difference between the protein content of dried M. oleifera leaves at different microwave power levels (P˃0.05). Ali et al. (2017) has reported a higher iron content of 127.2 mg/kg in dried M. oleifera leaves using microwave drying at 660 W.
    keywords: colour; content; drying; leaves; microwave; moisture; oleifera; power; protein; time
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        item: #2034 of 7527
          id: cet-12096
      author: None
       title: 001.docx
        date: 2021-12-02
       words: 3433
      flesch: 38
     summary: Figure 2: The adsorption mechanism of PAHs onto activated carbon (Li et al., 2020) Figure 3: The proposed adsorption mechanism of PAHs on AC in oil 4. (2014) Microbial Sphingobacterium spiritivorum, 5 d 95.36 % of phenanthrene Great efficiency, natural and cost- effective Winquist et al. (2014) Fungal Phanerochaete velutina, 3 months 94 % of the Σ 16 PAHs High tolerant concentration of PAHs and extreme conditions Qiao et al. (2016) Bioreactor Aerobic activated sludge treatment, 7 d, 10-35 °C 83-97 % of 4 d PAHs Manipulate, monitor, and control environmental and operational variables Cameotra et al. (2010) Biosurfactants Fungal Paenibacillus dendritiformis, 5 d 96 % of phenanthrene, 83 % of pyrene Capable of lowering the surface and interfacial tension of the growth medium Kim et al. (2021) Physical/ Chemical Adsorption Cellulosic aerogel Eulalia, 150-240 °C, 10-30 min, 0.3-5.0 wt% 44.78 % of benzo[a]pyrene Reduce environmental pollution and enhance the application of by- product Ma et al. (2017) Activated carbon 1 % activated charcoal, 110 °C, 35 min, vacuum bleaching at 30-35 mbar 99.7 % of benzo[a]pyrene Excellent efficiency at very low content of AC addition Staninska et al. (2015) Modified mineral clay, humic acid, 24 h 99 % of phenanthrene Expanded three- dimensional (3D) structure of their molecular sieve properties Li et al.
    keywords: adsorption; chemical; et al; hydrocarbons; oils; pahs; polycyclic; process; removal; surface; treatment
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        item: #2035 of 7527
          id: cet-12097
      author: None
       title: 001.docx
        date: 2021-12-02
       words: 3791
      flesch: 58
     summary: The formation of aromatic compounds only occurred under the severe cracking region with high reaction temperatures (Zhang et al., 2018). Figure 2b illustrates the carbon production in n-eicosane cracking with oxygen at 1 bar.
    keywords: carbon; cracking; eicosane; fuel; oxygen; production; reaction; temperature
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        item: #2036 of 7527
          id: cet-12098
      author: None
       title: 001.docx
        date: 2021-12-02
       words: 3929
      flesch: 40
     summary: Solid acid catalyst that synthesized through starch also proved to have the ability to retain around 93 % of its initial catalytic activity after 50 cycles of successive recycle and reuse, indicating that it has good operational stability in enhancing the biodiesel production process (Lou et al., 2008). Homogeneous catalysts that had been widely used in the biodiesel production caused difficulty in separation, unable to be reused and easily to be consumed during the process, while heterogeneous solid acid catalyst hold multiple competitive advantages such as their surface hydrophobicity features, reusability and mechanical stability.
    keywords: acid; biodiesel; biodiesel production; carbon; catalyst; energy; process; production; starch; synthesis
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        item: #2037 of 7527
          id: cet-12099
      author: None
       title: 001.docx
        date: 2021-12-02
       words: 2979
      flesch: 47
     summary: On the contrary, the minimum shoot length (0.69 cm ± 0.20 cm) was recorded in U3 (rice husk vermiwash 2 %) in 120 min. Figure 7b showed the maximum root length (2.24 cm ± 1.34 cm) was recorded in seeds with treatment U1 (rice husk vermiwash 0.5 %) in 30 min and minium length for root in seedling (0.51 cm ± 0.42 cm) were observed with U1 (rice husk vermiwash 0.5 %) in 120 min. Figure 7: (a) Shoot length and (b) Root length From the data of Figure 6 and 7, the maximum germination percentage (100%), maximum length of shoot (1.31 ± 0.48 cm) and maximum length of root (2.24 ± 1.34 cm) were all higher compared with respective values in control sample: 100% seed germination, 0.88 ± 0.18 cm shoots length and 1.64 ± 0.23 cm in root length. This attempt deals with the initial acquisition of vermiwash from vermicomposting two organic materials, coconut fiber and rice husk, using the earthworm species Eudrilus eugeniae.
    keywords: acid; coconut; earthworms; fiber; figure; germination; husk; rice; vermiwash
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        item: #2038 of 7527
          id: cet-121
      author: TW
       title: cet-121
        date: 2017-10-04
       words: 3275
      flesch: 50
     summary: Furthermore, the quantity of syringol is much higher than guaiacol in all the samples which validates the results from FTIR analysis and confirms that the S/G ratio of olive tree lignin samples is higher than 1. In Table 4 the compounds that have more than 1 % of area the whole pyrogram are listed. 424 Figure 3: Pyrograms of the four different lignins Table 4: Compounds with more than 1 % of the total chromatogram area identified in the pyrolyisis of the lignins. However, there are some differences between the fractions and especially between the SE-OTB lignins and organosolv lignins.
    keywords: chemical; fraction; lignin; olive; organosolv; otb; pretreatment; production; pruning; tree
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        item: #2039 of 7527
          id: cet-1210
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - CET--006.docx
        date: 2017-07-25
       words: 2915
      flesch: 45
     summary: The phase noise in the 1MHz frequency offset is -91.45dBc/Hz. Figure 3: Voltage controlled oscillator circuit simulation results in the 45GHz frequency The current of the core part of voltage controlled oscillator is 6mA, and the power consumption is 7.2mW.
    keywords: circuit; cmos; design; frequency; noise; oscillator; phase; power; resistance; voltage
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        item: #2040 of 7527
          id: cet-12100
      author: None
       title: 001.docx
        date: 2021-12-02
       words: 3933
      flesch: 55
     summary: The complexity of solid waste collection routes, frequencies of solid waste collection, and coverage of solid waste collection activities decreased from urban areas to rural areas. The complexity of solid waste collection routes, frequencies of solid waste collection, and coverage of solid waste collection activities decreased from urban areas to rural areas.
    keywords: activities; collection; figure; hac; pham; time; waste; waste collection
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        item: #2041 of 7527
          id: cet-12101
      author: None
       title: None
        date: 2021-12-21
       words: 3537
      flesch: 49
     summary: It also shows the huge potential of composting using organic waste is being overlooked. Within three months of operation, the system had shown efficiency impact with more than 1 t of organic waste treated and is possible to replicate at households, restaurants, hotels with outstanding features like technical assurance, economic optimization, operational simplification, and ease of application.
    keywords: compost; dnc; home; management; matter; organic; soil; system; waste
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        item: #2042 of 7527
          id: cet-12102
      author: None
       title: 001.docx
        date: 2021-12-02
       words: 2809
      flesch: 48
     summary: 2. Methodology 2.1 Sampling and classifying methods Solid waste of the campus of Da Nang University (DNU) was collected, sampled, classified, and analyzed by Nordtest methods on solid waste (Nord Test methods – NT – ENVIR 001, Finland) • Per Female (A) Number (student) 780 452 328 Waste (kg/d) 82.62 34.77 47.85 Solid waste per capita (kg/d) 0.11 0.08 0.15 Table 2 revealed the difference in the amount of solid waste generated by male and female students.
    keywords: campus; figure; management; solid; university; vietnam; waste
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        item: #2043 of 7527
          id: cet-12103
      author: None
       title: 001.docx
        date: 2021-12-02
       words: 3103
      flesch: 49
     summary: This paper presents a Mix Integer Linear Programming optimization model for the palm oil mill-based cogeneration facility considering fuel cost, electricity cost, maintenance duration and maintenance interval. Maintenance cost is often oppressing some portion of the annual budget.
    keywords: bcf; biomass; boiler; cost; electricity; fuel; maintenance; model; operation; steam; system
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        item: #2044 of 7527
          id: cet-12104
      author: None
       title: 001.docx
        date: 2021-12-02
       words: 3624
      flesch: 31
     summary: 3. Results and discussion Based on research methodology, the overall review of sustainability assessment studies is listed in Table 1. The life cycle thinking approach has been widely adapted in sustainability assessment studies (Solarte-Toro and Cardona Alzate, 2021).
    keywords: approach; assessment; case; data; et al; manufacturing; method; process; production; review; sustainability; sustainability assessment
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        item: #2045 of 7527
          id: cet-12105
      author: None
       title: 001.docx
        date: 2021-12-02
       words: 3851
      flesch: 55
     summary: Electric buses are a new transportation trend due to their low carbon emission and nearly zero air pollution in the city, but the development of electric buses has constraints. One of the mitigation strategies is to introduce electric buses for public transport.
    keywords: battery; buses; carbon; consumption; electric; emission; energy; model; study; transport
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        item: #2046 of 7527
          id: cet-12106
      author: None
       title: 001.docx
        date: 2021-12-02
       words: 3224
      flesch: 53
     summary: E. ictaluri was challenged in vitro in broth and was inactivated by single phage for 18 – 20 h. However, a phage cocktail of G7 + G8 was markedly effective in inactivation of the host cells for 45 h. The current study is the first report about success of phage cocktail to inactivate E. ictaluri, an infectious agent in striped catfish Pangasianodon hypophthalmus. However, there is no study for investigating efficacy of phage cocktails to inactivate striped catfish E. ictaluri.
    keywords: catfish; cocktail; ictaluri; od600; phage
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        item: #2047 of 7527
          id: cet-12107
      author: None
       title: 001.docx
        date: 2021-12-02
       words: 3845
      flesch: 46
     summary: Until now, there have been several authors who described the effect of plant density on the performance of constructed wetlands models. Nawaz N., Ali S., Shabir G., Rizwan M., Shakoor M.B., Shahid M.J., Afzal M., Arslan M., Hashem A., Abd-Allah E.F., Nasser M., Alyemeni M.N., Ahmad P., 2020, Bacterial augmented floating treatment wetlands for efficient treatment of synthetic textile dye wastewater, Sustainability, 12(9), 3731.
    keywords: cod; farm; models; nitrogen; plants; pond; removal; shrimp; treatment; wastewater; wetlands
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        item: #2048 of 7527
          id: cet-12108
      author: None
       title: 001.docx
        date: 2021-12-02
       words: 3580
      flesch: 48
     summary: Figure 1: The effect of pH on Cr (VI) removal of FAZ adsorbent 3.2 Effect of FAZ dosage and contact time on Cr (VI) adsorption The effect of FAZ dosage on removal efficiency and adsorption capacity is shown in Figure 2a. 549 Figure 2: The effect adsorbent dosage (a) and contact time (b) on Cr (VI) adsorption 3.3 Effect of adsorbate concentration on adsorption capacity
    keywords: adsorbent; adsorption; ash; concentration; faz; removal; wastewater
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        item: #2049 of 7527
          id: cet-12109
      author: None
       title: 001.docx
        date: 2021-12-02
       words: 2831
      flesch: 48
     summary: Figure 4: Comparison of technology for oil recovery within 12 y. 3.3 Effect of surfactant concentration on oil recovery factor The surfactant concentration is one of the main parameters when the EOR method with surfactant is applied, as the surfactant adsorption provides the effect on the benefit from the production. Figure 5: Comparison of the effect of surfactant concentration for oil recovery with injection rate 15.9 m3/d 556 Figure 6: Comparison of the effect of surfactant concentration for oil recovery with injection rate 31.8 m3/d Figure 7: Comparison of the effect of surfactant concentration for oil recovery with injection rate 47.7 m3/d 3.4 Effect of injection rate on oil recovery factor Another parameter to consider is the injection rate.
    keywords: injection; lorenz; oil; rate; reservoir; surfactant
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        item: #2050 of 7527
          id: cet-1211
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - CET--006.docx
        date: 2017-07-25
       words: 2888
      flesch: 54
     summary: Kong F., Wu Y., Li C., 2011, Assessment of fault diagnosis complexity about electrical fault diagnosis of equipment based on information entropy, Journal of Jilin University, 41(3), 697-701. Exiting fuzzy diagnosis methods usually use fuzzy relation matrices to transform the indeterminacy, however, introducing neural network to fuzzy diagnosis is using network structure to transform the indeterminacy.
    keywords: diagnosis; fault; network; neural; sample; vector
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        item: #2051 of 7527
          id: cet-12110
      author: None
       title: 001.docx
        date: 2021-12-02
       words: 3455
      flesch: 47
     summary: Results and discussion 3.1 Comparison of concentration for oil recovery factor The surfactant concentration is always a concern when the EOR method with surfactant is applied, as the surfactant adsorption or chemical loss affects the benefit of surfactant injection for production. 562 3.3 Effect of injection period in oil recovery factor For the injection period, 6 cases of 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, and 12 y of surfactant injection followed by water injection until the end of 12 y with surfactant concentration at 2,000 ppm and injection rate at 31.8 m3/d are applied.
    keywords: flooding; injection; oil; rate; recovery; reservoir; surfactant; svbs; water
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        item: #2052 of 7527
          id: cet-12111
      author: None
       title: 001.docx
        date: 2021-12-02
       words: 3287
      flesch: 50
     summary: 2.3 Characterization The bulk density of the aerogels (ρcellulose aerogels) was calculated using the Eq(1): 𝜌𝜌𝑐𝑐𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒 𝑎𝑎𝑒𝑒𝑎𝑎𝑒𝑒𝑎𝑎𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒 = 𝑚𝑚𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐 𝑎𝑎𝑐𝑐𝑎𝑎𝑐𝑐𝑎𝑎𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐 𝑉𝑉𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐 𝑎𝑎𝑐𝑐𝑎𝑎𝑐𝑐𝑎𝑎𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐 (1) where m (g) is mass of cellulose aerogel, V (cm3) is the volume of cellulose aerogels. Figure 4: Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) results for coir fiber and cellulose aerogels 3.3 Evaluate the adsorption capacity of cellulose aerogels Figure 5 shows that methylene blue (MB) adsorption by cellulose aerogel is similar to different fiber concentrations.
    keywords: adsorption; aerogel; cellulose; cellulose aerogels; coir; fibers; naoh; urea
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        item: #2053 of 7527
          id: cet-12112
      author: None
       title: 001.docx
        date: 2021-12-02
       words: 3803
      flesch: 46
     summary: g − C3N4 + hv → g − C3N4 (e− + h+) (5) g − C3N4(e−) + V2AlC → V2AlC(e−) (6) H2O + h+ → 1 2 O2 + 2H+ (7) 2.3 Synthesis of V2AlC/g-C3N4 The composite of V2AlC/g-C3N4 sample was prepared via sol-gel method at room temperature.
    keywords: c3n4; composite; energy; hydrogen; max; photocatalytic; production; semiconductor; v2alc
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        item: #2054 of 7527
          id: cet-12113
      author: None
       title: 001.docx
        date: 2021-12-02
       words: 4066
      flesch: 41
     summary: The current BEI needs to be improvised to suit the local climate and hospital building criteria by exploring the reliable factors of energy consumption other than Gross Floor Area (GFA) since the current BEI does not take the building's operation behaviours into account 577 (González et al., 2018). By monitoring and controlling the correct variables, energy indexing could be reduced by reducing the electrical energy cost through effective energy-saving measures.
    keywords: area; building; consumption; energy; group; hospital; indexing; number; variables
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        item: #2055 of 7527
          id: cet-12114
      author: None
       title: 001.docx
        date: 2021-12-02
       words: 4228
      flesch: 56
     summary: For energy system, the cost per kW (ic) is multiplied with the IGFC capacity (IGFCCap) and its amortization factors. The equation also considers water system in which wc is water storage cost per m3 and wt is water treatment cost per m3 multiply by their respective capacity, WSCap and WTPCap along with amortization factor.
    keywords: capacity; case; cost; energy; igfc; plant; power; study; system; water
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        item: #2056 of 7527
          id: cet-12115
      author: None
       title: 001.docx
        date: 2021-12-02
       words: 2856
      flesch: 35
     summary: Optimal biorefinery location at minimal cost and the lowest emissions is identified using Expert Choice v.11.5. Optimal biorefinery locations are identified using Expert Choice v.11.5.
    keywords: ahp; analysis; biomass; biorefinery; biorefinery location; cost; criteria; location; supply
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        item: #2057 of 7527
          id: cet-12116
      author: None
       title: 001.docx
        date: 2021-12-02
       words: 4000
      flesch: 38
     summary: As LCS program implementation takes pace in Kuala Lumpur, its tracking and monitoring will become highly essential for the purpose of reviewing and continuously enhancing the implementation roadmap towards enabling effective climate mitigation actions to be taken in the city. Conclusions To sum up, aside from emphasizing the need for, and importance of, the KL LCSBP 2030 to be translated into real actions (hence S2A), this paper has presented and discussed a methodological framework employed in the formulation of the KL LCSBP 2030 Roadmap, which can be a significant stage for, and a step closer to, ensuring effective LCS programs implementation.
    keywords: 2030; action; carbon; implementation; kuala; lcs; lumpur; policy; programs
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        item: #2058 of 7527
          id: cet-12117
      author: None
       title: 001.docx
        date: 2021-12-02
       words: 4226
      flesch: 52
     summary: As a result, river water quality has significantly improved, and its appearance is visually noticeable. This economic slowdown scenario had demonstrated a notable change in numerous river water quality worldwide.
    keywords: air; covid-19; environment; malaysia; mco; pandemic; pollution; quality; water
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        item: #2059 of 7527
          id: cet-12118
      author: None
       title: 001.docx
        date: 2021-12-02
       words: 4240
      flesch: 60
     summary: The difference in film moisture is not significant between the B3 LaBP and B2 LiBP, which can be explained by the starch of lima bean than lablab bean so that the amylose content of LiBP is higher than LaBP and so lower water absorption (Zhang and Li, 2021). Figure 2: The charts of films properties with blue chart: LaBP; orange chart: LiBP.
    keywords: bean; cmc; content; film; food; moisture; properties
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        item: #2060 of 7527
          id: cet-12119
      author: None
       title: 001.docx
        date: 2021-12-02
       words: 3610
      flesch: 43
     summary: Higher ammonia blends deliver more NH2, also an anticipated effect which is a consequence of splitting more NH3 molecules. However, limited explanations around these emissions exist in literature that approaches ammonia combustion blends, a recurrent problem potentially caused by some of the limitations of the measuring systems used for these analyses.
    keywords: ammonia; blends; combustion; conditions; emissions; equivalence; hydrogen; production; valera
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        item: #2061 of 7527
          id: cet-1212
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - CET--006.docx
        date: 2017-07-25
       words: 3788
      flesch: 54
     summary: Table 1: The tracking error comparison of different wind speed forecasting methods different forecasting method eSSE eMSE eMAPE eMSPE SVM 80.4724 0.0623 0.0680 0.0078 PSO-LSSVM 65.7866 0.0541 0.0543 0.0066 QPSO-LSSVM 46.7167 0.0456 0.0452 0.0059 Table 2: The tracking error comparison of different wind power forecasting methods different forecasting method eSSE eMSE eMAPE eMSPE SVM 1.3136e+06 The keys of wind power forecasting are the forecasting model selection and model optimization.
    keywords: forecasting; j j; lssvm; method; model; power; speed; wind
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        item: #2062 of 7527
          id: cet-12120
      author: None
       title: 001.docx
        date: 2021-12-02
       words: 4012
      flesch: 54
     summary: Rigid polyurethane foams (RPUFs) were formed through the two-component system (Part A and Part B). Cao, Z.J., Dong, X., Fu, T., Deng, S.B., Liao, W., Wang, Y.Z, 2017, Coated vs. naked red phosphorus: A comparative study on their fire retardancy and smoke suppression for rigid polyurethane foams.
    keywords: composites; flame; foam; ifr; loi; phr; polymer; polyurethane; rpuf; sep
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        item: #2063 of 7527
          id: cet-12121
      author: None
       title: 001.docx
        date: 2021-12-02
       words: 3148
      flesch: 48
     summary: The accessibility and interoperability of charging infrastructure is a major source of concern not only for EV consumers, but also governments and public utilities. A survey has been conducted to evaluate the potential of EV adoption in ASEAN countries and found that in order to promote acceptance of EV technology, knowledge and awareness is essential.
    keywords: adoption; asean; charging; consumers; countries; evs; figure; survey; vehicle
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        item: #2064 of 7527
          id: cet-12122
      author: None
       title: 001.docx
        date: 2021-12-02
       words: 3269
      flesch: 45
     summary: Slurries in hydrolysates generated via autohydrolysis and thermal hydrolysis could be undissolved fractions, potentially involved in the dark colouration of lignin (Zhang et al., 2017), that leave the hydrolysates darker and the solid residues brighter (e.g., Figure 2b 1, 2, and 4*). Raw materials and solid residues of the pretreated IHR and SMS were analyzed by scanning electron microscope (SEM) as elucidated elsewhere (Luo et al., 2021) using Hitach SU8010 Cold Field Emission SEM with secondary electron resolution of 1.3 nm.
    keywords: figure; hydrolysates; hydrolysis; ihr; pretreatment; residues; resources; sms
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        item: #2065 of 7527
          id: cet-12123
      author: None
       title: 001.docx
        date: 2021-12-02
       words: 4124
      flesch: 57
     summary: Additionally, other studies have found different yields of products obtained from banana peels pyrolysis, at a heating rate of 10 °C/min, temperatures from 350 to 550 °C and residence time between 45 and 90 minutes 35.64 % of char was obtained (Omulo et al., 2019). Differences between this paper and other reports consulted are due to the amount of feedstock and the design of the pyrolysis equipment (Omulo et al., 2019), so the scale-up of the pyrolysis process it is difficult for the variability of the results.
    keywords: banana; bio; content; et al; heating; min; oil; pyrolysis; rate
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        item: #2066 of 7527
          id: cet-12124
      author: None
       title: 001.docx
        date: 2021-12-02
       words: 3791
      flesch: 55
     summary: However, films prepared with this photocatalyst suffer from the poor adhesion of deposit caused by the low chemical reactivity of TiO2-P25 large particle size (∼ 30 nm).To improve mechanical properties of photocatalytic films, Fanou et al (2016) proposed to fabricate new composite TiO2- P25@n-TiO2 photocatalyst, in which the TiO2-P25 particles are bound to the glass substrate via titanium-oxo- alkoxy bonds (n-TiO2). This reduction corroborates the result of Ho et al., 2007 on the comparison study of the photocatalytic efficiency of TiO2 films on aluminum and on quartz.
    keywords: activity; composite; et al; films; layer; p25@n; photocatalytic; reactor; substrate; surface; tio2
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        item: #2067 of 7527
          id: cet-12125
      author: None
       title: 001.docx
        date: 2021-12-02
       words: 3261
      flesch: 48
     summary: References Al-Madhhachi, H., Min, G., 2017, Effective use of thermal energy at both hot and cold side of thermoelectric module for developing efficient thermoelectric water distillation system, Energy Conversion and Management, 133, 14-19. As a result, the power is solely used for water distillation and the overall efficiency can be significantly improved.
    keywords: distillation; energy; heat; module; power; temperature; thermoelectric; water; watts
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        item: #2068 of 7527
          id: cet-12127
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-12127
        date: 2021-12-09
       words: 4327
      flesch: 40
     summary: The characteristics of olive fruits, which strongly affect both the quality and quantity of olive oil, are affected by the position of the fruit in the canopy of olive trees. Extra virgin olive oil (EVOO), prized for its sensory and nutritional properties, has the highest quality category of olive oil because it is extracted from fresh olive fruits using only physical processing with no added chemicals.
    keywords: canopy; compounds; fruit; layers; oil; oils; olive; quality
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        item: #2069 of 7527
          id: cet-12128
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-12128
        date: 2022-05-24
       words: 2421
      flesch: 46
     summary: 2. Experiments 2.1 Deflagration test The Deflagration test according to VDI 2263-1 (1990) was used as reference test against which two screening tests, Closed Pressure Vessel Test (CPVT) and Lütolf Quick Test for the Determination of Exothermic Decomposition (Lütolf-Test), were assessed. The Lütolf-Test alone is an already proven method for deflagration screening, which has been in use in TÜV-SÜD's laboratories for many years.
    keywords: cpvt; decomposition; deflagration; lütolf; screening; test
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        item: #2070 of 7527
          id: cet-12129
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-12129
        date: 2022-05-24
       words: 2462
      flesch: 34
     summary: Vaughen, B.K., Bloch, K., 2016, Use the bow tie diagram to help reduce process safety risks, Chemical Engineering Progress, 112 (6), 30-36. Wierenga, P.C., Lie-A-Huen, L., de Rooij, S.E., Klazinga, N.S., Guchelaar, H.-J., Smorenburg, S.M., 2009, Application of the bow-tie model in medication safety risk analysis: consecutive experience in two hospitals in the Netherlands, Drug Safety, 32, 663-673. 12 A publication of The Italian Association of Chemical Engineering Online at www.cetjournal.it Guest Editors: Aleš Bernatík, Bruno Fabiano Copyright © 2022, AIDIC Servizi S.r.l. ISBN 978-88-95608-88-4; ISSN 2283-9216 Non-Chemical Process Industry Applications of Bowtie Analysis Paul Amyottea,*, Peter Vanberkelb, Faisal Khanc, Kayleigh Rayner Brownd, Lauren Turnera, Mohammed Alauddina a Department of Process Engineering & Applied Science, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada b Department of Industrial Engineering, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada c Mary Kay O’Connor Process Safety Center, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA d Obex Risk Ltd, Bedford, NS, Canada paul.amyotte@dal.ca The current paper demonstrates the broad applicability of bowtie analysis within the scope of scenarios requiring effective hazard identification to facilitate comprehensive risk management.
    keywords: analysis; bowtie; chemical; degradation; figure; hazard; process; rayner; risk; safety
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        item: #2071 of 7527
          id: cet-1213
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - CET--006.docx
        date: 2017-07-25
       words: 3414
      flesch: 45
     summary: 3.3 Software design The software of electromagnetic field automatic testing system is mainly designed with LabVIEW and VC++. Due to the lack of relevant automotive EMC design and rectification experience at present, the traditional method of electromagnetic field strength test adopts manual testing: for example, a tester uses a ruler to measure the coordinates of the test points, another tester holds the field strength tester to the test point and records the field strength.
    keywords: area; arm; electromagnetic; field; figure; system; testing
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        item: #2072 of 7527
          id: cet-12130
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-12130
        date: 2022-05-24
       words: 2674
      flesch: 42
     summary: DOI: 10.3303/CET2290003 Paper Received: 29 December 2021; Revised: 2 March 2022; Accepted: 28 April 2022 Please cite this article as: Ancione G., Mennuti C., Bragatto P., Milazzo M.F., Proverbio E., 2022, Application of statistical analysis for the identification of critical bottom areas due to corrosion in atmospheric storage tanks, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 90, 13-18 DOI:10.3303/CET2290003 CHEMICAL ENGINEERING TRANSACTIONS VOL. Atmospheric storage tanks of hydrocarbons are particularly critical as the control of the bottom integrity requires not only the service interruption, but also the need for the inspectors to stay long time in hazardous environments during the time required for the thickness measurements.
    keywords: corrosion; inspection; plates; probability; ring; storage
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        item: #2073 of 7527
          id: cet-12131
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-12131
        date: 2022-05-24
       words: 4040
      flesch: 47
     summary: Conclusions In the present paper the Quantitative Risk Assessment (QRA) methodology and models have been implemented in the studying of LNG ship to ship bunkering in a Greek port. Accidents with the most serious consequences are: a) BLEVE of LNG bunker ship tank (3000 m3) and rupture of the same tank followed by delayed ignition, and b) flash fire of the vapours contained in the tank.
    keywords: assessment; bunkering; damage; lng; release; risk; rupture; ship; tank
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        item: #2074 of 7527
          id: cet-12132
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-12132
        date: 2022-05-24
       words: 2967
      flesch: 51
     summary: The objective of this study was to determine the ignition temperatures, oil temperatures during combustion, flame temperatures and combustion rates. DOI: 10.3303/CET2290005 Paper Received: 30 January 2022; Revised: 7 March 2022; Accepted: 19 April 2022 Please cite this article as: Aprin L., Cotte L., Le Floch S., 2022, Tackling the behaviour of vegetable oil fire in case of maritime accident: towards a crisis management decision support system, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 90, 25-30 DOI:10.3303/CET2290005 CHEMICAL ENGINEERING TRANSACTIONS VOL.
    keywords: chemical; combustion; figure; flame; maritime; oil; oils; palm; temperature
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        item: #2075 of 7527
          id: cet-12133
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-12133
        date: 2022-05-24
       words: 3097
      flesch: 50
     summary: DOI: 10.3303/CET2290006 Paper Received: 16 November 2021; Revised: 6 March 2022; Accepted: 27 April 2022 Please cite this article as: Bai Y., Xing Y., Wu J., 2022, Integrating knowledge graph, complex network and Bayesian network for data-driven risk assessment, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 90, 31-36 DOI:10.3303/CET2290006 CHEMICAL ENGINEERING TRANSACTIONS VOL. In this paper, knowledge graph, complex network and Bayesian network are integrated to conduct a data- driven risk assessment.
    keywords: analysis; bayesian; complex; graph; knowledge; network; nodes
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        item: #2076 of 7527
          id: cet-12134
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-12134
        date: 2022-05-24
       words: 3061
      flesch: 42
     summary: However, even the most common methods currently used for accidental scenarios identification and risk assessment estimation (such as HazOp) may prove to be very time-consuming when discussing about safety from process modifications. Both techniques have been applied to a tank dedicated to dust mixing that was subject of process modifications.
    keywords: analysis; assessment; hazop; modifications; process; risk; roa; safety
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        item: #2077 of 7527
          id: cet-12135
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-12135
        date: 2022-05-24
       words: 3407
      flesch: 49
     summary: Typical results of the extended “tank overfilling” method, such as vapour concentrations at the bottom of the liquid cascade, and “cascade” vaporisation rate have been compared with the experimental data and showed very good agreement. It predicts both vapour production and liquid pool generation, allowing the calculation of the subsequent dense gas dispersion which may be subject to certain wind conditions, potential vapour cloud explosion, and in case of direct ignition of the remaining liquid spill, the potential pool fire.
    keywords: cascade; droplet; liquid; model; tank; temperature; vapour
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        item: #2078 of 7527
          id: cet-12136
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-12136
        date: 2022-05-24
       words: 3298
      flesch: 48
     summary: At the moment of writing, we are anxiously awaiting results from more recent test campaigns, such as the SH2IFT program, which hopefully also reveals if a BLEVE fireball (Pressurised Liquefied H2 situation) can occur, and what surface emissive power should be expected for Hydrogen fireballs. During the research of an appropriate model to simulate gas fireballs, it has been encountered that there is very little information in literature that suggests how to correlate the SEP of the fireball to the chemical properties of the substance.
    keywords: bleve; event; fireball; flame; gas; hydrogen; model
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        item: #2079 of 7527
          id: cet-12137
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-12137
        date: 2022-06-18
       words: 3152
      flesch: 44
     summary: During the design of process plants, the assessment of process safety thus cannot be disregarded, in order to apply as far as possible prevention actions by means of proper design considerations and choices. Methodology To run the safety analysis on green hydrogen technologies, Inherent Safety Key-Performance Indicators (IS- KPIs) as introduced by Tugnoli et al.
    keywords: electrolysis; energy; et al; hydrogen; process; production; safety; storage; technologies
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        item: #2080 of 7527
          id: cet-12138
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-12138
        date: 2022-05-24
       words: 3744
      flesch: 41
     summary: Keywords: urban flood risk, multicriteria decision-making, climate change, emerging risks. The modeling proposal for prioritizing urban flood risks with non-stationary probabilities This section presents the spatiotemporal decision model for ranking multidimensional flood risks in urban areas, according to (da Silva et al., 2022).
    keywords: analysis; climate; decision; flood; future; model; risk; time
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        item: #2081 of 7527
          id: cet-12139
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-12139
        date: 2022-05-24
       words: 3499
      flesch: 40
     summary: Often little is known about human errors, which is one possible occurrence of epistemic uncertainties in bowtie risk analysis. Hüllermeier and Waegeman (2021) summarise the differences between these uncertainties by saying that “epistemic uncertainty refers to the reducible part of the (total) uncertainty, whereas aleatoric uncertainty refers to the irreducible part”, making the point that the stochastic component of random uncertainty is not reducible with additional knowledge.
    keywords: bowtie; data; distribution; figure; occurrence; probability; risk; uncertainties; uncertainty
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        item: #2082 of 7527
          id: cet-1214
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - CET--006.docx
        date: 2017-07-25
       words: 3085
      flesch: 54
     summary: Reference Alonso E., Santos A., Callejón M., Jiménez J.C., 2004, Speciation as a screening tool for the determination of heavy metal surface water pollution in the guadiamar river basin. This paper measures the rough contents and distribution characteristics of the heavy metals (Hg, As) in the surface water, suspended particulate matter and fish of the water body in the Jialing River, conducts water quality evaluation and risk assessment, and explores the difference in morphological distribution of heavy metals (Hg, As) and the correlation effect between heavy metals and basic water quality parameters, aiming to disclose the environmental chemistry characteristics of heavy metal pollution in the food chain system of the Jialing River water-suspended matter-fish.
    keywords: concentration; content; distribution; doi; fish; jialing; metals; pollution; river; water
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        item: #2083 of 7527
          id: cet-12141
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-12141
        date: 2022-05-24
       words: 3959
      flesch: 48
     summary: Qualitative guidance can be found in some standards including the Energy Institute code of practice EI15 and NF 60079- 10-1, but there exists a lack of quantitative methods permitting to correctly assess mist explosions and classify linked hazardous areas. A step toward lifting the fog off mist explosions: Comparative study of 3 fuels.
    keywords: bar; explosion; fuel; ignition; injection; liquid; mist; pressure; sphere; system; test
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        item: #2084 of 7527
          id: cet-12142
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-12142
        date: 2022-05-24
       words: 3719
      flesch: 45
     summary: The dissolved NH3(aq) and H2S(aq) form NH4HS(aq), and it is known that NH4HS corrosion is caused by NH4HS(aq) dissolved in the aqueous phase, and that if its equivalent concentration in aqueous phase exceeds 35wt% (Scherrer et al. (1980)), severe corrosion will occur. Performing flow sheet simulation, the Peng Robinson thermodynamic model is used, and the necessary process parameters (Psystem, pcomp, Fcomp and TBulk) for predicting corrosion environmental conditions can be retrieved from the aqueous liquid and vapour flows of the decanters.
    keywords: bulk; condition; corrosion; flow; model; nh4hs; phase; process; tube; water
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        item: #2085 of 7527
          id: cet-12143
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-12143
        date: 2022-05-24
       words: 3236
      flesch: 53
     summary: It is further recommended to keep TPRD release rates below 200 g/s as the study indicated that explosion pressures would increase significantly for larger release rates. In Table 1 the tank sizes are shown together with the orifice diameters and initial release rates for 1 min, 3 min and 5 min release durations.
    keywords: cloud; hydrogen; min; rates; release; tprd; tunnel
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        item: #2086 of 7527
          id: cet-12144
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-12144
        date: 2022-05-24
       words: 2580
      flesch: 58
     summary: m3 Pe – explosion pressure, N/m2 Acknowledgments This work was supported by the Doctoral grant competition VSB – Technical University of Ostrava, reg. The main conclusions: 1) Accurate determination of maximum explosion pressure and deflagration index at atmospheric temperatures and pressure for equivalence ratios φ = 0.25 - 2.50. 2) The burning velocity and the burning zone do not reach maximum values where the explosion pressure and rate of explosion pressure rise. 3) The values of burning velocity varied slightly up to 0.1 m/s when only dust is present, and the cube- root law has not been affected. 4) Increasing the concentration of the flammable gas and creating a hybrid mixture has affected the burning velocity with a difference higher than 0.1 m/s for 0.02 m3 vessel volume.
    keywords: dust; explosion; hybrid; pressure; velocity
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        item: #2087 of 7527
          id: cet-12145
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-12145
        date: 2022-05-24
       words: 3316
      flesch: 50
     summary: The acquisition rate was 250 kHz for pressure data (internal and aerial), and 60 Hz for temperature. 3.2 Numerical results Figure 3 shows the coloured map of pressure data at three different time steps obtained by CFD calculation.
    keywords: blast; bleve; cfd; data; liquid; peak; pressure; vessel
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        item: #2088 of 7527
          id: cet-12146
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-12146
        date: 2022-05-24
       words: 3970
      flesch: 32
     summary: Introduction The relevant legal bases for carrying out dispersion calculations of accidental material release scenarios in Germany are the Major Accidents Ordinance (i.e. Störfall-Verordnung, German implementation of the SEVESO-III-Directive) and the Federal Immission Control Act (Bundes-Immissionsschutzgesetz, BImSchG), which regulates the permitting procedures for plants in the chemical industry. In this deterministic concept, the risk posed by a chemical plant can be calculated from accidental material release scenarios, which are based on commonly accepted dispersion modeling parameters and allow only a limited degree of freedom and variation.
    keywords: accident; approach; chemical; concept; dispersion; failures; leak; material; release; scenarios
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        item: #2089 of 7527
          id: cet-12147
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-12147
        date: 2022-05-24
       words: 4795
      flesch: 47
     summary: Other comprehensively review focus on hydrogen safety (Abohamzeh et al. 2021) From a safety point of view, Yang et al. (2021) focused their study on hydrogen safety and analyzed 120 incidents related to hydrogen.
    keywords: alternative; battery; biomass; energy; explosion; fuels; future; hydrogen; production; safety; sources; storage
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        item: #2090 of 7527
          id: cet-12148
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-12148
        date: 2022-05-24
       words: 2747
      flesch: 53
     summary: The procedure presented here for the estimation of binary mixture flashpoint is very useful for the assessment of flammability hazards, because it saves time and effort by providing the user with techniques and resources that can be used to estimate parameters and obtain input data that are needed for determination of mixture flash points. For the classification of flammable liquids data on flash point are needed.
    keywords: cup; data; flash; flashpoint; point; safety; test
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        item: #2091 of 7527
          id: cet-12149
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-12149
        date: 2022-05-24
       words: 2843
      flesch: 27
     summary: Safety of the critical components of hydrogen energy and transport – tunnels, underground and multi-storey parkings, industrial structures for hydrogen production/distribution/storage – is defined both by size of accidental hydrogen leaks/spills and degree of confinement and/or congestion of space, where accident occur. In previous hydrogen applications – in aviation, space, nuclear energy, process industries (oil/ gas/ chemical/ semiconductor/ metal/ glass/ food) – hydrogen safety was limited to the localized industrial sites, provided by dedicated industrial safety systems, operated by the trained personnel within organizations, committed to established industrial safety culture and the best safety practices.
    keywords: air; energy; generation; hydrogen; mitigation; pars; recombiners; safety; transport
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        item: #2092 of 7527
          id: cet-1215
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - CET--006.docx
        date: 2017-07-25
       words: 3699
      flesch: 56
     summary: By using multiple linear regression, we obtain the prediction model for heavy metal content in forsythia. 3. Heavy metal content in forsythia and its spatial variability 3.1 Statistical analysis on heavy metal in forsythia and pollution evaluation Frequency charts for contents of heavy metal elements in forsythia in Funiu Mountain area are shown in Figure 1. 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 0 5 10 15 20 F re q u e n c y ( % ) Cu in wheat (mg/kg) max=7.8 mini=2.1 mean=4.9 standarddeviation=1.3 skewness=0.12 kurtosis=-0.12 n=98 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 F re q u e n c y ( % )
    keywords: area; content; forsythia; grains; metal; soil
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        item: #2093 of 7527
          id: cet-12150
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-12150
        date: 2022-05-24
       words: 3028
      flesch: 44
     summary: Case studies In this work, intensification of ethyl acetate production process is studied. Not all changes in the production process which lead to production increase and reduce energy intensity are also suitable in terms of process safety.
    keywords: case; column; energy; figure; process; separation; unit
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        item: #2094 of 7527
          id: cet-12151
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-12151
        date: 2022-05-24
       words: 4785
      flesch: 44
     summary: DOI: 10.3303/CET2290024 Paper Received: 1 February 2022; Revised: 13 March 2022; Accepted: 7 May 2022 Please cite this article as: Le Coze J.-C., Marcon T., Vallée A., Masse F., Plot E., Mazri C., Boutillon M., 2022, Risk analysis: Challenges and Perspectives, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 90, 139-144 DOI:10.3303/CET2290024 CHEMICAL ENGINEERING TRANSACTIONS VOL. These questions challenge the foundations, practice and uses of risk analysis (Escande et al, 2016).
    keywords: accident; account; analysis; consequences; domino; effects; equipment; events; risk; safety
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        item: #2095 of 7527
          id: cet-12152
      author: raffaella
       title: None
        date: 2022-06-18
       words: 4328
      flesch: 69
     summary: Maintenance phase j+1 starts immediately after the end of maintenance phase j. In a multi-phase Markov approach, we define a finite number of state spaces, and each state space corresponds to a phased time period (e.g. normal operation phase, and maintenance phase) and has its own transition rate matrix (Barros, 2017).
    keywords: fto; maintenance; phase; psv; state; 𝑇𝑇1
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        item: #2096 of 7527
          id: cet-12153
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-12153
        date: 2022-05-24
       words: 4387
      flesch: 55
     summary: Component test intervals are usually known from the maintenance system, while failure rates are uncertain parameters. ON A “TWO-STAGE” BAYESIAN PROCEDURE FOR DETERMINING FAILURE RATES FROM EXPERIENTIAL DATA.
    keywords: analysis; bayesian; data; distribution; event; failure; plant; rate; risk
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        item: #2097 of 7527
          id: cet-12154
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-12154
        date: 2022-05-24
       words: 4044
      flesch: 48
     summary: The RB proposes seven steps for developing risk models that are suited to capture the changes in risk, which includes definition of hazardous events and accident scenarios, identifying the relevant barrier functions, establishing barrier performance indicators, and developing an underling risk model based on barrier indicators (Hauge et al., 2015). DOI: 10.3303/CET2290027 Paper Received: 8 January 2022; Revised: 23 March 2022; Accepted: 29 April 2022 Please cite this article as: Lee S., Haskins C., Paltrinieri N., 2022, Digital twin concept for risk analysis of oil storage tanks in operation: A systems engineering approach, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 90, 157-162 DOI:10.3303/CET2290027 CHEMICAL ENGINEERING TRANSACTIONS VOL.
    keywords: analysis; data; digital; level; management; oil; risk; safety; storage; systems; twin
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        item: #2098 of 7527
          id: cet-12155
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-12155
        date: 2022-05-24
       words: 3075
      flesch: 47
     summary: Bradley D., Lawes M., Liu K., Mansour M., 2013, Measurements and correlations of turbulent burning velocities over wide ranges of fuels and elevated pressures, Proceedings of the Combustion Institute, 34, 1519 – 1526 Bray K.N.C, 1990, Studies of the turbulent burning velocity, Proceedings of the Mathematical and Physical Sciences, 431, 315 – 335. The figure compares the laminar burning velocity used in FLACS-CFD v21.2 IH, before the correction (SL), and the laminar burning velocity used in FLACS-CFD v21.2 with the Lewis correction (SL,Le) with the laminar burning velocity calculated using CHEMKIN presented by Ennetta (2017).
    keywords: burning; cfd; flacs; hydrogen; overpressure; v21.2; velocity
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        item: #2099 of 7527
          id: cet-12156
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-12156
        date: 2022-05-24
       words: 3515
      flesch: 53
     summary: The escalation of domino accidents may result in multiple higher order scenarios, which can be seen as parallel effects. (Chen et al., 2018) proposed a domino evolution graph model to capture the spatial-temporal evolution of domino accidents triggered by fire.
    keywords: accident; domino; hazards; process; propagation; system; units
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        item: #2100 of 7527
          id: cet-12157
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-12157
        date: 2022-05-24
       words: 3389
      flesch: 39
     summary: No scenario Backup cooling system failure Direct accident path Indirect accident path 177 3. Updated framework for the quantitative risk assessment of Natech accidents The Arkema accident is not the only past event that cannot be assessed by the previous Natech QRA methodologies, and other examples have been identified in (Misuri and Cozzani, 2021). Characterization of direct Natech scenarios 4b)
    keywords: accident; assessment; events; figure; indirect; natech; risk; scenarios
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        item: #2101 of 7527
          id: cet-12158
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-12158
        date: 2022-05-24
       words: 4033
      flesch: 33
     summary: Assessment of safety barrier performance 3.1 Background and classification In the chemical and process industries the concept of safety barriers is generally used to refer to measures, either physical or non-physical, implemented to prevent unwanted outcomes and/or to mitigate their consequences (Liu, 2020). Table 1: Logical rules associated with the gates to include safety barrier performance into the ETA.
    keywords: assessment; barrier; domino; natech; performance; reference; risk; safety; scenarios
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        item: #2102 of 7527
          id: cet-12159
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-12159
        date: 2022-05-24
       words: 4079
      flesch: 47
     summary: In both cases, the occurrences of waste fires have increased enormously in the last years, with subsequent monetary and infrastructural losses that have reached a new peak (Ibrahim et al., 2013). Different factors affect how waste fires develop in waste piles.
    keywords: combustion; disposal; facilities; fire; fuel; heat; materials; pile; pyrolysis; scenarios; waste
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        item: #2103 of 7527
          id: cet-1216
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - CET--006.docx
        date: 2017-07-25
       words: 4089
      flesch: 38
     summary: Introduction In southern China, the actual inflow organic concentration is often lower than the designed value in the operation of sewage treatment plant. Therefore, it’s a hot research topic that how to make the outlet water quality reach A standard of urban sewage treatment plant pollutant discharge standards (GB 18918-2002) stably in sewage treatment plants with lower concentration inflow(Larry B. Barber, et al. 2015).
    keywords: appdata; application/7.0.1.0227; dict; dict/?keyword; file:///c:/users; lenovo; removal; resultui; sewage; youdao
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        item: #2104 of 7527
          id: cet-12160
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-12160
        date: 2022-05-24
       words: 3646
      flesch: 49
     summary: In this work, we illustrate an experimental apparatus to measure the main properties of sublimating CO2 banks for estimating safety parameters. Relevant parameters of experimental trials are reported in Table 3. (a) (b) Figure 2: Mass and mass flow rate profiles of tests involving sublimating CO2 banks.
    keywords: bank; carbon; ccs; co2; dry; flow; ice; mass; rate; sublimating; temperature
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        item: #2105 of 7527
          id: cet-12161
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-12161
        date: 2022-05-24
       words: 3549
      flesch: 48
     summary: In this work, the LOC of disilane was determined by feeding pure disilane (0.2 L/min) into the 20-L sphere containing 0.1 vol.% O2/N2 at ambient pressure. Figure 9: Pressure and temperature evolution during pure disilane feeding into a 20-L sphere containing 0.1 vol.% O2/N2 at 1 bar 3.4 Discussion The extreme sensitivity of disilane compared to monosilane may be derived from the weaker Si-H bonds and the presence of Si-Si bond in the disilane structure.
    keywords: air; disilane; explosion; figure; flow; ignition; mixture; release; velocity; vol.%
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        item: #2106 of 7527
          id: cet-12162
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-12162
        date: 2022-05-24
       words: 3516
      flesch: 54
     summary: Figure 2 compares the IR spectrum of liquid phase HCDS hydrolyzed deposit in water with different hydrolyzed deposits formed in moist air. It is important to note that the reaction of aqueous KOH solution and HCDS hydrolyzed deposit was found to be highly dependent on the deposit size as reported by Nguyen et al. (2021).
    keywords: deposit; hcds; koh; liquid; solution; water
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        item: #2107 of 7527
          id: cet-12163
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-12163
        date: 2022-05-24
       words: 3890
      flesch: 44
     summary: As well, the evolution of technology and tools, especially in relation with data mining, fuzzy data and model fitting, allows introducing new criteria and considerations in elements of risk assessment methodologies which were formerly determined in a rather simple way. Having a holistic view on the structures and relations of risk assessment methodologies is paramount to define risk assessment practices in a company and define an effective and reliable practices risk assessment.
    keywords: approach; assessment; consequences; methodologies; methodology; process; risk
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        item: #2108 of 7527
          id: cet-12164
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-12164
        date: 2022-05-24
       words: 3615
      flesch: 46
     summary: The hybrid mixtures of cellulose and pyrolysis gas showed a peculiar behaviour: as the dust-to-gas ratio increased, maximum rate of pressure rise initially increased, then it decreased, while the maximum explosion pressure did not vary significantly. 700°C is the minimal temperature at which sufficient quantities of pyrolysis gases were collected; 900°C is the maximal temperature of the oven.
    keywords: cellulose; char; dust; explosion; gases; mixtures; pressure; pyrolysis
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        item: #2109 of 7527
          id: cet-12165
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-12165
        date: 2022-05-24
       words: 4274
      flesch: 40
     summary: In particular, as far as it concerns NaTech risk, the effective implementation of dedicated measures at local level is difficult to reach; also, the methodologies elaborated till now rarely focused on the management of NaTech risk from the point of view of local urban and land-use planners and managers. An easy-to-use NaTech indicator is here proposed, aiming at providing Local administrations with a survey of the industries exposed to NaTech risk on their territory, and to signal possible critical situations to be managed.
    keywords: adaptation; climate; events; factor; indicator; natech; risk; seveso; substances
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        item: #2110 of 7527
          id: cet-12166
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-12166
        date: 2022-05-24
       words: 3157
      flesch: 24
     summary: An analysis of these elements highlights the following potential hazards on hydrogen equipment: Table 2: Potential hazards by equipment Hydrogen supply Process steps Refuelling Tr ai le rs B un dl e P E M E le ct ro ly se r S ta tio na ry li qu id st or ag e C ry op um p V ap or iz er C om pr es so r B uf fe r s to ra ge H ea t e xc ha ng er o r co ol in g sy st em D is pe ns er Explosive Atmosphere (ATEX) formation inside equipment X X X X X X X X Loss of containment X X X X X X X X X X Release at vent line or TPRD X X X X X X X X X Equipment burst X X X X X X X X X 231 6.
    keywords: assessment; configuration; equipment; hydrogen; multhyfuel; project; refuelling; risk; stations
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        item: #2111 of 7527
          id: cet-12167
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-12167
        date: 2022-05-24
       words: 2709
      flesch: 45
     summary: DOI: 10.3303/CET2290040 Paper Received: 6 January 2022; Revised: 24 March 2022; Accepted: 17 April 2022 Please cite this article as: Poledník J., Jastrzembski T., Rybanský D., Skřínský J., 2022, Autoignition temperature of alcohol/air mixtures, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 90, 235-240 DOI:10.3303/CET2290040 CHEMICAL ENGINEERING TRANSACTIONS VOL. 1E-3 0,01 0,1 1 10 100 1000 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500 550 600 650 700 500 ml250 and AI T, d eg C log(V), dm3 Carbon disulfide Ethylen glycol Acetic acid Toluene n-Pentane Ethanol Methanol Aceton Benzen Ethyl ether n-Heptan Figure 2: Autoignition temperature of selected substances 236 2.
    keywords: ait; autoignition; figure; propanol; temperature
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        item: #2112 of 7527
          id: cet-12168
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-12168
        date: 2022-05-24
       words: 4036
      flesch: 47
     summary: Table 4: T Results of thermogravimetric analysis for sewage sludge dust Designated TG parameters Values Temperature of thermal decomposition, °C 234 Temperature of 5% weight loss, °C 110 Temperature of 50% weight loss, ° C 423 Temperature of the end thermal decomposition, °C 749 Temperature of the maximum rate of weight loss, °C 272 Mass of the residue, % 38.84 244 5. The maximum allowable surface temperature of the device (MASTD) working in an atmosphere of surrounding sewage sludge dust (with the layer thickness being 5 mm) must not exceed 195 °C, and this value should be indicated on the rating plates of equipment operating in the presence of this dust in Ex zones.
    keywords: combustion; dust; ignition; self; sewage; sludge; temperature
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        item: #2113 of 7527
          id: cet-12169
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-12169
        date: 2022-05-24
       words: 3194
      flesch: 54
     summary: A tailored methodology for the calculation of safety distances between wild vegetation and tanks accounting for the safety system was developed and applied to a case study. Ricci et al. (2021b) developed a methodology for the assessment of safety distances between storage tanks and wild vegetation to ensure the integrity of tanks exposed to wildfire.
    keywords: case; distances; fire; measures; safety; spray; tanks; time; wildfire
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        item: #2114 of 7527
          id: cet-1217
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - CET--006.docx
        date: 2017-07-25
       words: 2939
      flesch: 51
     summary: The annual average value of air pollutants SO2, NO2 and PM10 (as shown in Table 2) in 2011-2016 was selected as the evaluation target (Ogunkunle et al., 2015). Second, by applying grey correlation method to comprehensive analysis of air environmental quality in Baoding, the result accords with the reality and achieves the expected evaluation result.
    keywords: air; analysis; baoding; grey; level; model; pm10; pollution; quality; so2
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        item: #2115 of 7527
          id: cet-12170
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-12170
        date: 2022-05-24
       words: 4022
      flesch: 48
     summary: A comprehensive understanding of Natech events and their main factors is needed to develop models for the assessment of the damage to the environment in Natech accidents. It is important to remark that Natech accidents resulting in damages to the environment are mainly triggered by natural events characterized by the presence of water.
    keywords: accidents; assessment; contamination; damage; environment; events; oil; records
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        item: #2116 of 7527
          id: cet-12171
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-12171
        date: 2022-05-24
       words: 3364
      flesch: 50
     summary: Evaluate plant safety level The indicator, acceptability criteria and safety level for each safety checkpoint are defined, as illustrated in table 5 for the previous checkpoint. Evaluate plant safety level.
    keywords: control; level; loss; plant; process; safety; scenarios
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        item: #2117 of 7527
          id: cet-12172
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-12172
        date: 2022-05-24
       words: 2672
      flesch: 44
     summary: The primary source of nanoplastics for the environment is referred to as plastics production and processing, while the secondary source of nanoplastics is the fragmentation of plastic products (Barnes et al., 2009). Different nanoplastics will have different action mechanisms, which is often linked to the purpose they serve.
    keywords: environment; inhibition; mask; nanoplastics; pvdf; root; seeds
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        item: #2118 of 7527
          id: cet-12173
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-12173
        date: 2022-05-24
       words: 2674
      flesch: 46
     summary: The main conclusions are summarized as follows: 1) Determination of maximum explosion pressure (Pmax) and deflagration index (KG) of biogas-air mixtures at temperatures of T = 20 - 100 °C and φ = 0.25 - 2.40 equivalence ratios. 2) Explosion pressure, rate of explosion pressure rise, and deflagration index of the biogas-air mixture reach maximum values near the stoichiometric concentration with an equivalent ratio Φ = 1.03 within the studied range, i.e., 0.25 - 2.40 at temperatures of 20 - 100 °C. The explosion pressure varied between 4.2 to 1.8 bars, the rate of explosion pressure rise 60 to 45, and the deflagration index 16 to 12 bar.m/s for initial temperatures 20°C to 150 °C.
    keywords: air; biogas; equivalence; explosion; pressure; ratio
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        item: #2119 of 7527
          id: cet-12174
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-12174
        date: 2022-05-24
       words: 3394
      flesch: 43
     summary: Ge rm an y Au str ia BE -B RU BE -Fl an de rs BE -W all on ia Sp ain Fr an ce Gr ee ce Ita ly Lu xe m bo ur g Ne th er lan ds Slo ve nia Fixed (distances not based on accident scenario modeling and probability calculations) X X Based on the evaluation of the consequences of accident scenarios (consequence-based approach) X X X X X X X X Based on the evaluation of the individual risk at each point of the environment taking into account all or the most probable scenarios (probabilistic approach) X X X X X X Mixed approach (fixed distances and scenario-based) X X X Determination of urban planning zones 280 In Germany, the UBA agency has developed and made available a specific tool, AUSTAL. X X X X Decentralized to the regional or provincial level with local regulation X X X X X X Doctrine and method formalized in a publicly available document X X X X X X X X X X X General approach to urban planning 278 In France, the process is formalized and supervised at the national level and implemented with regional/prefectural competencies.
    keywords: approach; countries; planning; seveso; software; use; zones
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        item: #2120 of 7527
          id: cet-12175
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-12175
        date: 2022-05-24
       words: 3956
      flesch: 47
     summary: Some risk reduction measures have already been taken, and provided these measures work, the three elements of combustion will not coexist, but the occurrence of a trigger event, such as an equipment failure and work error, can invalidate them, as a result of which the three elements of combustion coexist, causing a fire or explosion. Hazard scenarios of causing a fire or explosion when combustible chemicals are handled in an open area can be classified into four patterns.
    keywords: atmosphere; explosion; fire; ignition; measures; work
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        item: #2121 of 7527
          id: cet-12176
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-12176
        date: 2022-05-24
       words: 3438
      flesch: 46
     summary: This sample is well suited to perform extensive studies with different test methods and at different scales. No unusual auto-ignition behavior was observed in hot storage tests.
    keywords: heat; ignition; laboratory; methods; self; storage; temperature; tests
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        item: #2122 of 7527
          id: cet-12177
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-12177
        date: 2022-05-24
       words: 2745
      flesch: 47
     summary: The data acquisition allows a differentiated estimation of failure rates for random failures delivering practical failure rates for valves. Failure rates for non-electrical devices are difficult to determine due to lacking operating data.
    keywords: components; failure; pfd; safety; vde; vdi
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        item: #2123 of 7527
          id: cet-12178
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-12178
        date: 2022-06-19
       words: 162
      flesch: 7
     summary: 90, 2022 A publication of The Italian Association of Chemical Engineering Online at www.cetjournal.it Guest Editors: Aleš Bernatík, Bruno Fabiano Copyright © 2022, AIDIC Servizi S.r.l. ISBN 978-88-95608-88-4; ISSN 2283-9216 Dynamic Risk Assessment of Chemical Process Systems using System-Theoretic Accident Model and Process (STAMP) and Failure Propagation Model Hao Sunab, Haiqing Wanga*, Ming Yangb*, Genserik Reniersbcd a College of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao, China b Safety and Security Science Section, Department of Values, Technology, and Innovation, Faculty of Technology, Policy, and Management, Delft University of Technology, The Netherlands c Faculty of Applied Economics, Antwerp Research Group on Safety and Security (ARGoSS), Universiteit Antwerpen, 2000, Antwerp, Belgium. m.yang-1@tudelft.nl 301 NOT AVAILABLE AUTHORS HAVE WITHDRAWN THIS TITLE lp-2022-abstract-040.pdf Dynamic Risk Assessment of Chemical Process Systems using System-Theoretic Accident Model and Process (STAMP) and Failure Propagation Model
    keywords: model
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        item: #2124 of 7527
          id: cet-12179
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-12179
        date: 2022-05-24
       words: 3953
      flesch: 35
     summary: Bibliometric review of safety studies on HRSs 2.1 International safety studies A comprehensive review of international safety studies for HRSs was presented to determine the institutions that have mainly participated in the safety studies in recent years. Owing to the explosive and fire hazards associated with HRSs, a considerable amount of safety studies for HRSs has been conducted for several years; however, the safety studies conducted in Japan are yet to be reviewed.
    keywords: energy; hrss; hydrogen; japan; risk; safety; safety studies; studies
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        item: #2125 of 7527
          id: cet-1218
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - CET--006.docx
        date: 2017-07-25
       words: 3507
      flesch: 45
     summary: Matsushita M., Sato K., Yoshiie T., Xu Q, 2007, Validity of activation energy for vacancy migration obtained by integrating force–distance curve, Materials Transactions, 48(9), 2362-2364. Thermodynamic model According to thermodynamic theory and bonding energy theory, at constant temperature and pressure under reversible conditions, the surface tension σ is defined as the work done to a unit area of surface between two phases: SW Δ⋅=Δ σ (1) where ∆W is the increase of surface energy, ∆S is the unit area of surface.
    keywords: activation; activation energy; diffusion; diffusion activation; energy; et al; melting; model; nanomaterials
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        item: #2126 of 7527
          id: cet-12180
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-12180
        date: 2022-05-24
       words: 3082
      flesch: 46
     summary: DOI: 10.3303/CET2290053 Paper Received: 29 January 2022; Revised: 3 March 2022; Accepted: 17 April 2022 Please cite this article as: Takeda K., Fuchino T., Kitajima T., Shimada Y., Iuchi K., Saito H., 2022, A study of required information for risk assessment in management of change based on business process model, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 90, 313-318 DOI:10.3303/CET2290053 CHEMICAL ENGINEERING TRANSACTIONS VOL. Figure 1: Template of business process model Figure 2: Business process model of plant lifecycle engineering 2.2 Management of change The MOC is a business process that spans the entire life cycle of the chemical plant.
    keywords: causal; change; design; model; process; relationship; relationship model
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        item: #2127 of 7527
          id: cet-12181
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-12181
        date: 2022-05-24
       words: 4218
      flesch: 46
     summary: The beginning of safety reports and the impact of the AZF accident Before 2003, the risk assessment used in safety report was based on the worst-case scenario. DOI: 10.3303/CET2290054 Paper Received: 6 January 2022; Revised: 11 March 2022; Accepted: 28 April 2022 Please cite this article as: Tillier N., Bolvin C., Vallée A., 2022, The periodical review of safety reports in France for upper-tier Seveso establishments, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 90, 319-324 DOI:10.3303/CET2290054 CHEMICAL ENGINEERING TRANSACTIONS VOL.
    keywords: facilities; measures; notice; review; risk; safety; safety report
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        item: #2128 of 7527
          id: cet-12182
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-12182
        date: 2022-05-24
       words: 2636
      flesch: 41
     summary: The logical steps for the DYN-RISK model are: - prediction of critical variables values; - prediction of system states sequence; - real time update of the risk parameters, which define a dynamic risk indicator. Figure 1: Data processing in Neural Networks 326 2.2 Prediction of system states sequence As commented by Sarkar et al. (2019), accidents do not happen chaotically, then underlying patterns and trends exist and can be caught.
    keywords: figure; model; probability; process; risk; states; system
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        item: #2129 of 7527
          id: cet-12183
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-12183
        date: 2022-05-24
       words: 3808
      flesch: 44
     summary: For this reason, fuel cell systems are successfully applied in back-up power systems and data centres. Van Biert L., Godjevac M., Visser K., Aravind P.V., 2016, A review of fuel cell systems for maritime applications, Journal of Power Sources, 327, 345-364.
    keywords: anode; cell; energy; fuel; gas; hydrogen; impedance; model; sofc; system
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        item: #2130 of 7527
          id: cet-12184
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-12184
        date: 2022-05-24
       words: 3607
      flesch: 40
     summary: Managing risk categories based on sensitivity analysis information, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 90, 337-342 DOI:10.3303/CET2290057 CHEMICAL ENGINEERING TRANSACTIONS VOL. The contributions of this paper are set out based on how to establish critical information to control the variability of risk categories and prevent losses with regard to people, the environment, and the organization.
    keywords: analysis; assessment; category; gas; information; parameters; risk; sections; sensitivity
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        item: #2131 of 7527
          id: cet-12185
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-12185
        date: 2022-05-24
       words: 3599
      flesch: 44
     summary: Ericson, II., C.A, 2005, Hazard analysis techniques for system safety; Wiley-Interscience: Hoboken, NJ. Therefore, a combined safety & security analysis is required, to prevent conflicts between safety and security measures.
    keywords: analysis; attack; chemical; countermeasures; cyber; hazop; risk; safety; security; step; systems
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        item: #2132 of 7527
          id: cet-12186
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-12186
        date: 2022-05-24
       words: 3721
      flesch: 53
     summary: In the case of accidental gas release from the bus’s fuel tank installation, several scenarios are possible (Dorofeev, 2007), (Hajji, Bouteraa, et al., 2015), (Prasad, Pitts and Yang, 2011), (Brzezińska, Dziubiński and Markowski, 2017), and these can be captured in an event tree, as shown in Figure 1. Event tree of gas fuel release accidental scenarios.
    keywords: doi; energy; gas; hydrogen; journal; molkov; release; ventilation; vol
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        item: #2133 of 7527
          id: cet-12187
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-12187
        date: 2022-05-24
       words: 4138
      flesch: 53
     summary: Vílchez J. A., Villafañe D., and Casal J., A dispersion safety factor for LNG vapor clouds, J. Hazard. DOI: 10.3303/CET2290060 Paper Received: 22 January 2022; Revised: 7 March 2022; Accepted: 9 May 2022 Please cite this article as: Carboni M., Pio G., Vianello C., Mocellin P., Maschio G., Salzano E., 2022, Numerical simulation of LNG dispersion in harbours: a comparison of flammable and visible cloud, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 90, 355-360 DOI:10.3303/CET2290060 CHEMICAL ENGINEERING TRANSACTIONS VOL.
    keywords: case; cloud; conditions; direction; dispersion; lng; pool; temperature
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        item: #2134 of 7527
          id: cet-12188
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-12188
        date: 2022-05-24
       words: 3241
      flesch: 48
     summary: As expected, the addition of trace gases influences the laminar burning velocity of hydrogen flames. However, the value for 2 vol.-% CO2 does not leave the range of the current natural gas low at below 11 kWh/m³. References Alekseev V.A., Konnov A.A., 2018, Data consistency of the burning velocity measurements using the heat flux method: Hydrogen flames, Combustion and Flame, 194, 28–36.
    keywords: combustion; gas; gases; hydrogen; methane; velocity
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        item: #2135 of 7527
          id: cet-12189
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-12189
        date: 2022-05-24
       words: 2656
      flesch: 30
     summary: Polymerizing substances are distinguished from self-reactive ones by the knowledge of their subjacent mechanisms (polymerization rather than decomposition). Lin S., Tseng J., Lin Y., Huang W., Shu C., 2008, Comparison of thermal polymerization mechanisms for α- methylstyrene and trans -β-methylstyrene, Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry, 93, 257-267.
    keywords: classification; mechanisms; methods; polymerization; polymerizing; reaction; self; substances
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        item: #2136 of 7527
          id: cet-1219
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - CET--006.docx
        date: 2017-07-25
       words: 3006
      flesch: 56
     summary: The contents of total mercury and dissolved mercury in the water samples and soil samples around the Qin Shihuang mausoleum in Lintong District of Xi'an were measured by cold atomic fluorescence spectrometry. After cooling the sample, dilute it with high purity water to 25 mL for the determination of total mercury.
    keywords: content; mercury; samples; soil; solution; standard; water; working
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        item: #2137 of 7527
          id: cet-12191
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-12191
        date: 2022-05-24
       words: 3392
      flesch: 58
     summary: Because these three conditions had the greatest promotion effect on CH4 explosion pressure. It can be seen from Figure 4 that the first five elementary reactions of CH4 explosion reaction were the same, but the reaction rates were different.
    keywords: air; c3h8; ch4; concentration; explosion; gas; pressure; reaction
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        item: #2138 of 7527
          id: cet-12192
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-12192
        date: 2022-05-24
       words: 2950
      flesch: 55
     summary: DOI: 10.3303/CET2290065 Paper Received: 26 January 2022; Revised: 24 March 2022; Accepted: 25 April 2022 Please cite this article as: Chanut C., Heymes F., Lopez C., 2022, Direct determination of burning velocity during aluminium flame propagation, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 90, 385-390 DOI:10.3303/CET2290065 CHEMICAL ENGINEERING TRANSACTIONS VOL. In this paper, the determination of burning velocity during aluminium flame propagation is directly determined by the measurement of two velocities: the flame propagation velocity (ie flame front velocity in the laboratory referential) and the unburned flow velocity.
    keywords: flame; flow; flow velocity; propagation; section; tube; velocity
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        item: #2139 of 7527
          id: cet-12193
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-12193
        date: 2022-05-24
       words: 3189
      flesch: 52
     summary: DOI: 10.3303/CET2290066 Paper Received: 30 January 2022; Revised: 22 March 2022; Accepted: 12 May 2022 Please cite this article as: Chanut C., Saad Al Hadidi F., Heymes F., Lopez C., 2022, Simultaneous measurement of burning velocity and turbulence intensity ahead the flame front during aluminum flame propagation, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 90, 391-396 DOI:10.3303/CET2290066 CHEMICAL ENGINEERING TRANSACTIONS VOL. Following this method, the influence of turbulence on burning velocity will be studied.
    keywords: camera; flame; piv; propagation; turbulence; velocity
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        item: #2140 of 7527
          id: cet-12194
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-12194
        date: 2022-05-24
       words: 3403
      flesch: 48
     summary: In addition to the nature of the fluid, the mass injected, the injection time and pressure, the nozzle type and diameter can be varied to change both the mist concentration and droplet size distribution. Strong turbulence and recirculation zones in the middle of the 20L sphere were observed to influence droplet size through coalescence and fragmentation phenomena.
    keywords: 20l; cfd; droplet; mist; modeling; size; sphere; time; velocity
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        item: #2141 of 7527
          id: cet-12195
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-12195
        date: 2022-05-24
       words: 4173
      flesch: 43
     summary: Attack Trees were developed for three reference target installations: atmospheric storage installations, pressurized storage installations, and storage warehouses, considering for each of them, a set of attack scenarios able to cause physical damage. The identification of the credible security scenarios (chain from attack scenarios to major accident scenarios) is required by Security Vulnerability/Risk Assessment (SVA/SRA) methodologies, but an evident lack of supporting tools is present in the literature.
    keywords: attacks; case; installations; process; reference; scenarios; security; storage; use
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        item: #2142 of 7527
          id: cet-12196
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-12196
        date: 2022-05-24
       words: 4457
      flesch: 38
     summary: In the framework outlined, a toolbox was developed to fill the gap in the availability of tools aimed at supporting cyber risk identification in the context of SVA/SRA and cybersecurity risk assessment of ISA/IEC 62443. 409 2. Toolbox developed for cyber risk identification Three synergic tools have been developed in order to support cyber risk identification.
    keywords: analysis; attacker; case; cyber; cybersecurity; identification; pharos; poros; process; risk; system
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        item: #2143 of 7527
          id: cet-12197
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-12197
        date: 2022-05-24
       words: 3914
      flesch: 44
     summary: DOI: 10.3303/CET2290070 Paper Received: 13 January 2022; Revised: 26 March 2022; Accepted: 5 May 2022 Please cite this article as: Januszewski J., Brzezińska D., 2022, Review into RDF fire and explosive hazards, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 90, 415-420 DOI:10.3303/CET2290070 CHEMICAL ENGINEERING TRANSACTIONS VOL. It is known that RDF fires are notoriously difficult to detect and extinguish when in enclosed storage spaces and can last for days, weeks or even months.
    keywords: et al; fire; fuel; ignition; pile; rdf; storage; temperature
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        item: #2144 of 7527
          id: cet-12198
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-12198
        date: 2022-05-24
       words: 3448
      flesch: 37
     summary: Figure 2: Results of attractiveness assessment for installation A (white bar) and installation B (dark bar) 5.00 7.82 1.56 7.00 11.22 1.60 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Hazard-based index (IH) Overall attractiveness index (IA) Induction index (φ) Installation A Installation B 425 Installation B has a higher hazard-based index IH; this is because installation B has a higher hold-up of hazardous substances and is located in a denser populated area compared to Installation A, which is in turn located in a virtually deserted area. Consequently, security and industrial security as a research field has seen a big expansion from 2001 (Reniers et al., 2020), while the credibility of this threat for process facilities was demonstrated by several physical (Casson Moreno et al., 2018) and cyber-attacks (Iaiani et al., 2021) occurred in recent years.
    keywords: area; assessment; attractiveness; facilities; index; installation; maghreb; process; security
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        item: #2145 of 7527
          id: cet-12199
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-12199
        date: 2022-05-24
       words: 2823
      flesch: 36
     summary: Part 1: 2019-07 (Verein Deutscher Ingenieure: Richtlinie), Dust fires and dust explosions - Safety- related parameters of bulk goods, Beuth Verlag GmbH, Berlin VDI 2263 C Thus, neither ignition-effective electrostatic discharges nor mixture ignition by hot surfaces or spontaneous combustion are to be expected in the plate dryer, because the maximum temperature values given in Table 1 are clearly below the measured ignition temperatures, or below the temperatures required for decomposition.
    keywords: behaviour; dust; energy; explosion; ignition; minimum; niacin; temperature
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        item: #2146 of 7527
          id: cet-122
      author: TW
       title: cet-122
        date: 2017-10-04
       words: 2627
      flesch: 51
     summary: Bejan A., Tsatsaronis G., Moran M.1996, Thermal design and optimization, 1st ed., New York, USA: Wiley Ghezzaz H, 2011, A systematic method of design for comparing integrated biorefinery processes in an existing pulp and paper mill, Département de génie chimique. Figure 5: Total purchased equipment costs (PEC) per stages According to Figure 5, the biomass fractionation stage was found to be the most expensive part, representing the 45 % of the total purchased equipment cost (PEC).
    keywords: biomass; biorefinery; capital; cost; economic; exergy; lignin; process; production
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        item: #2147 of 7527
          id: cet-1220
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - CET--006.docx
        date: 2017-07-25
       words: 2361
      flesch: 46
     summary: The research on boundary line of salt water and fresh water in the inland basin is helpful for a clearer understanding of water and salt distribution characteristics, and also has a reference function for studying the distribution of wedge-shaped freshwater bodies. At present, most of the groundwater in the center part of the basin is 10 ~ 20 g/L of salt water.
    keywords: basin; enrichment; flow; groundwater; migration; salt; water
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        item: #2148 of 7527
          id: cet-12200
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-12200
        date: 2022-05-24
       words: 3728
      flesch: 56
     summary: The experimental data were analyzed to propose a predictive model of bund overtopping fraction. Predictive model of bund overtopping fraction for catastrophic failure of storage tank.
    keywords: bund; failure; fraction; liquid; model; overtopping; tank
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        item: #2149 of 7527
          id: cet-12201
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-12201
        date: 2022-05-24
       words: 3369
      flesch: 52
     summary: The maximum pressure with each diameter of safety valve was observed experimentally and they were good corresponding to the results of detailed simulation. Introduction Major accidents due to runaway reactions continue to occur, and it is important to decide and review protection layers such as interlock systems, operation procedures and safety valves in detail.
    keywords: model; pressure; reaction; runaway; safety; simulation; valve; vent
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        item: #2150 of 7527
          id: cet-12202
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-12202
        date: 2022-05-24
       words: 3518
      flesch: 46
     summary: However, although evacuation models are available, an integrated approach to risk assessment in open domains interested in toxic gas dispersion or fires with evacuating people is still not fully investigated in the literature. Figure 2: Source term for chlorine toxic dispersion.
    keywords: approach; chlorine; dispersion; dose; figure; gas; impact; modelling; release; risk
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        item: #2151 of 7527
          id: cet-12203
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-12203
        date: 2022-05-24
       words: 2914
      flesch: 55
     summary: In accordance with ISO 3807 (ISO 3807, 2008), acetylene pressure cylinders are filled with regard to the selected solvent, its weight, and the weight of the acetylene at a filling pressure of 17.25 bar. Pressure gas cylinders are used for gases that do not condense at normal temperatures under pressure, such as oxygen, nitrogen or argon.
    keywords: acetylene; bonfire; cylinder; heat; pressure; temperature; time
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        item: #2152 of 7527
          id: cet-12204
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-12204
        date: 2022-05-24
       words: 3076
      flesch: 49
     summary: Nomenclature D – dose, s h - height of the cloud, m Ma – air molecular mass, - Mr – release molecular mass, - mr – release mass, kg r – radius of the cloud, m r0 – initial radius of the cloud, m rc –critical distance, m rL – limit distance of cloud spreading, m·s-1 u – wind speed, m·s-1 vr – radius grow velocity, m·s-1 V – cloud volume, m3 w – mass fraction of CO2 in the release, - w0 – initial mass fraction of CO2 in the release, - y – CO2 concentration, - y0 – initial CO2 concentration, - ya –CO2 concentration in the axis of the cloud, - ρ0 – release density, kg·m-3 References Hansson, A., Bryngelsson, M., 2009. The development of a simplified bow-tie approach for CO2 storage may rely on 11 main hazardous events (Le Guénan et al., 2011), i.e,: • Leakage via an operational well • Mechanical disruption nearby the injection well • Mechanical disruption at the storage complex scale • Expected lateral extent exceeded • Leakage due to sealing deficiency of the caprock • Leakage via existing faults • Leakage via an abandoned well • Accumulation in a secondary reservoir • Flow modifications • Disruption by a later activity • Disruption by a natural earthquake.
    keywords: carbon; cloud; co2; dioxide; release; run; wind
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        item: #2153 of 7527
          id: cet-12205
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-12205
        date: 2022-05-24
       words: 3683
      flesch: 46
     summary: Gao et al. (2021b) reviewed the existing literature on inherent safety from a different, more broadly oriented point of view, not focused only on detailed practical guidance of early process design. These papers appear to add little to the earlier described ones of the Park-team on early process design.
    keywords: chemical; data; design; index; indicators; isd; park; process; safety
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        item: #2154 of 7527
          id: cet-12206
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-12206
        date: 2022-05-24
       words: 3339
      flesch: 50
     summary: References Bu Y., Yuan Y., Xue S., Amyotte P., Li C., Yuan W., Ma Z., Yuan C., Li G., 2020, Effect of admixed silica on dispersibility of combustible dust clouds in a Godbert-Greenwald furnace, Powder Tech., 374, 496-506. Mishra D.P., Azam S., 2018, Experimental investigation on effects of particle size, dust concentration and dust-dispersion-air pressure on minimum ignition temperature and combustion process of coal dust clouds in a G-G furnace, Fuel, 227, 424-433.
    keywords: dispersion; dust; furnace; particle; powder; pressure; psd
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        item: #2155 of 7527
          id: cet-12207
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-12207
        date: 2022-05-24
       words: 3954
      flesch: 51
     summary: In this light, the characterization of the effect of fuel composition on the overall reactivity and safety parameters represents an essential step for the diffusion of this technology (Eckart et al., 2017). For these reasons, this work presents a numerical investigation aiming at the evaluation of LFL and UFL of bio- derived mixtures containing hydrogen through the utilization of a detailed kinetic mechanism validated for the investigated conditions.
    keywords: ch4; co2; flammability; fuel; hydrogen; lfl; mix; mixtures; ufl
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        item: #2156 of 7527
          id: cet-12208
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-12208
        date: 2022-05-24
       words: 4023
      flesch: 51
     summary: Zone models Models based on the partition of a problem domain into control volumes (or zones) and the solution of integral mass and heat balance equations for each of them are called zone models. Modelling pressure tanks under fire exposure: past 486 DOI:10.3303/CET2290081-enges and future perspectives, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 90, 481experience, current chall CHEMICAL ENGINEERING TRANSACTIONS VOL.
    keywords: cfd; fire; liquid; models; pressure; results; tank; zones
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        item: #2157 of 7527
          id: cet-12209
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-12209
        date: 2022-05-24
       words: 3664
      flesch: 43
     summary: For big dust particles, oxygen diffusion through the pores can be considered as the rate determining step for metal dust explosion and, therefore, it is the main contributor to the deflagration index value. The model predicts the Kst value by solving material and energy balance equations for spherical dust particles wrapped by a single constant temperature fireball (generated by the ignitors explosion inside the 20 L sphere).
    keywords: dust; particle; value; 𝐶𝐶.; 𝐾𝐾𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆; 𝜕𝜕𝑆𝑆
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        item: #2158 of 7527
          id: cet-1221
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - CET--006.docx
        date: 2017-07-25
       words: 3746
      flesch: 47
     summary: In order to reduce the workload, through the analysis for figure 1, it can be seen that when the CODcr concentration is 2537mg/L-3184mg/L, the amount of PAC addition is at least above 0.2g/L before the application of water quality CODcr within the set range. As the water intake of regulating tank fluctuates greatly, the amount of coagulant is often added according to the experience in the coagulation pretreatment of pharmaceutical waste water, which makes the quality of coagulation effluent unstable.
    keywords: coagulation; codcr; dosage; effluent; model; pac; treatment; turbidity; waste; water
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        item: #2159 of 7527
          id: cet-12210
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-12210
        date: 2022-05-24
       words: 4220
      flesch: 50
     summary: Both types of safety devices have in common that predefined shutdown limits are usually set conservatively low to avoid an uncontrolled runaway reaction. Regarding multi-purpose plants, optimum protection for each reactor cannot always be provided by only one type of safety device.
    keywords: criterion; device; mass; process; reaction; reactor; runaway; safety; temperature
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        item: #2160 of 7527
          id: cet-12211
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-12211
        date: 2022-05-24
       words: 3840
      flesch: 47
     summary: Safety devices include safety valves, bursting disk devices, pilot-operated safety P ro du ct Safety Valves Bursting Disks PRV & BD in combination Pilot operated PRV Controlled safety pressure relief systems Low pressure safety relief systems Quality management system for manufacturing & transportation Li fe C yc le O pe ra tio n Sizing Scenarios Pressure Relief Prevention Sizing of PRV Application Selection an installation of PRV Sizing of BD Application Selection an installation of PRV Sizing of PRV and BD for two-phase flow Effluent systems Consequence analysis for dispersion from PRV and BD Property data evaluation for sizing conditions Inspection, Maintainance and proving Evaluation of noise emission Te st in g Type testing of PRV Type testing of BD Type testing of low pressure relief systems Type testing of high pressure PRV and BD Requirements for authorized observer Type testing of pressure protection systems during operation Integrity proof of PRV after re-installation Component testing 502 valves, controlled safety pressure protection systems (CSPRS), combination devices, and upstream and downstream protection equipment. DOI: 10.3303/CET2290084 Paper Received: 15 December 2021; Revised: 5 March 2022; Accepted: 25 April 2022 Please cite this article as: Schmidt J., 2022, Strategy for ISO 4126 into 2030 – future standardization of pressure protection systems, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 90, 499-504 DOI:10.3303/CET2290084 CHEMICAL ENGINEERING TRANSACTIONS VOL.
    keywords: devices; iso; pressure; protection; relief; safety; sizing; standard; systems
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        item: #2161 of 7527
          id: cet-12212
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-12212
        date: 2022-05-24
       words: 2621
      flesch: 51
     summary: Parameter Description Value Unit Geometry Sprinkled length of tank surface 19 m Tank diameter 3.6 m Tank wall thickness 10 mm Tank volume 191 m3 Sprinkled surface area 225 m2 Tank conditions Initial wall temperature 39 °C Initial tank temperature 39 °C Initial vapor mass 2.2 % Heat transfer Internal heat transfer coefficient (bulk-wall) 2.1 W/m2K Heat transfer coefficient (wall-film) 2416 W/m2K External heat transfer coefficient (film-ambience) 2.9 W/m2K Ambient conditions Ambient temperature (rain temperature) 10 °C Ambient relative humidity 50 % Ambient pressure 1017 mbar Effective rain intensity 132 kg/m2h 507 3. A detailed overview of common models for the sizing of tank breathing valves during the cooling of storage tanks is given in (Schmidt et al. 505 2019).
    keywords: et al; fullarton; fullarton et; literature; model; moncalvo; moncalvo et; tank
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        item: #2162 of 7527
          id: cet-12213
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-12213
        date: 2022-05-24
       words: 2342
      flesch: 41
     summary: This work allowed a systematic comparison of the structural and bonding properties among the CnH2n analogs in the physics and chemistry of low temperatures explosions. The main conclusions are summarized as follows: 1) Determination of maximum explosion pressure of methane-air mixtures at temperatures of T = -20 - 60 °C and concentrations = 2.5 - 16.0 vol.%.
    keywords: air; explosion; methane; pressure; temperature
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        item: #2163 of 7527
          id: cet-12214
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-12214
        date: 2022-05-24
       words: 2936
      flesch: 51
     summary: It is known that the minimum ignition energy alone is not a suitable characteristic for the choice of ignition source for standard tests. For the development of a new standard for hybrid dust/gas-mixtures all the features of ignition sources should be investigated or at least be stated, what has not been done so far (see Table 1).
    keywords: burning; igniting; ignition; schlieren; source; spark; volume
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        item: #2164 of 7527
          id: cet-12215
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-12215
        date: 2022-05-24
       words: 3057
      flesch: 58
     summary: 4. Theoretical basis for an acceleration evaluation Besides of measuring braking distances, this analysis was aimed at evaluating vehicle accelerations. Figure 2: Record speed versus time when testing TATRA vehicle braking from 60 km.h-1 525 An evaluation of measured data was done in the VTS software.
    keywords: acceleration; braking; driving; hand; speed; tatra; values; vehicle
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        item: #2165 of 7527
          id: cet-12216
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-12216
        date: 2022-05-24
       words: 2641
      flesch: 50
     summary: 532 Figure 5: LEP: Flame development (left to right) in the gas phase (liquid temperature: 3.3°C) after spark generation Figure 5 clearly shows the phenomenon of self-sustained combustion (flame detachment, ignition criterion) and not a halo phenomenon as in the case of flash point ignition test. EN 15794, 2009, Determination of explosion points of flammable liquids.
    keywords: flash; liquid; nonafluorobutane; point; temperature
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        item: #2166 of 7527
          id: cet-12217
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-12217
        date: 2022-05-24
       words: 3996
      flesch: 50
     summary: This time was deducted by observing the experimental pressure and temperature curves, that show a sudden increase of tank pressure and temperatures starting from 115 s. The aim of this paper is to provide a tool to characterize LH2 tank behaviour under fire exposure so that measure can be put in place to prevent LOC.
    keywords: case; cfd; fire; hydrogen; insulation; lh2; mlvi; model; pressure; tank; temperature
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        item: #2167 of 7527
          id: cet-12218
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-12218
        date: 2022-05-24
       words: 2897
      flesch: 51
     summary: Under water pressures of several bars were seen when ignition occurred. DOI: 10.3303/CET2290091 Paper Received: 7 January 2022; Revised: 10 March 2022; Accepted: 28 April 2022 Please cite this article as: van Wingerden K., Kluge M., Habib A.K., Skarsvåg H.L., Ustolin F., Paltrinieri N., Odsæter L.H., 2022, Experimental investigation into the consequences of release of liquified hydrogen onto and under water, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 90, 541-546 DOI:10.3303/CET2290091 CHEMICAL ENGINEERING TRANSACTIONS VOL.
    keywords: hydrogen; ignition; lh2; release; rpts; surface; water
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        item: #2168 of 7527
          id: cet-12219
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-12219
        date: 2022-05-24
       words: 3302
      flesch: 51
     summary: DOI: 10.3303/CET2290092 Paper Received: 18 December 2021; Revised: 30 March 2022; Accepted: 1 May 2022 Please cite this article as: van Wingerden K., Kluge M., Habib A.K., Ustolin F., Paltrinieri N., 2022, Medium-scale tests to investigate the possibility and effects of BLEVEs of storage vessels containing liquified hydrogen, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 90, 547-552 DOI:10.3303/CET2290092 CHEMICAL ENGINEERING TRANSACTIONS VOL. Pehr, K., 1996, Aspects of safety and acceptance of LH2 tank systems in passenger cars, International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 21, 387–395. Rigas F., Sklavounos S., 2005, Evaluation of hazards associated with hydrogen storage facilities, International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 30, 1501 – 1510 Ustolin F., Song G., Paltrinieri N., 2019, The Influence of H2 Safety Research on Relevant Risk Assessment, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 74, 1393-1398 Ustolin F., Paltrinieri N., Landucci G., 2020, An innovative and comprehensive approach for the consequence analysis of liquid hydrogen vessel explosions, Journal of Loss Prevention in the Process Industries, 68, 104323.
    keywords: bleve; fire; hydrogen; pressure; storage; test; vessel
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        item: #2169 of 7527
          id: cet-1222
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - CET--006.docx
        date: 2017-07-25
       words: 3361
      flesch: 34
     summary: 932 3.3 Sampling and preparation of atmospheric dust samples Atmospheric dust samples are taken from the natural atmospheric dust in the urban and rural areas. Determination of humic substances in dust samples: the method of potassium dichromate volumetric method was used to determine the content of humus in the dust fall samples.
    keywords: absorption; acid; atmospheric; atomic; cadmium; dust; leaching; lead; method; samples; solution
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        item: #2170 of 7527
          id: cet-12220
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-12220
        date: 2022-05-24
       words: 3695
      flesch: 50
     summary: DOI: 10.3303/CET2290093 Paper Received: 8 January 2022; Revised: 15 March 2022; Accepted: 16 April 2022 Please cite this article as: Věžníková H., Skřížovská M., 2022, Time dependence of gas-phase emissions from 3D printer filaments, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 90, 553-558 DOI:10.3303/CET2290093 CHEMICAL ENGINEERING TRANSACTIONS VOL. A review of materials, methods, applications and challenges, Composites Part B: Engineering, 143, 172-196 557 http://data.europa.eu/eli/dir/1998/24/oj http://data.europa.eu/eli/dir/2001/95/oj https://ec.europa.eu/docsroom/documents/40562 https://ec.europa.eu/docsroom/documents/40562 Potter P.M., Al-Abed S.R., Hasan F., Lomnicki S.M., 2021, Influence of polymer additives on gas-phase emissions from 3D printer filaments., Chemosphere, 279, 130543 VŠB – TU Ostrava, 2021, Veznikova H., Barcova K., Lesnak M., Combustion flue gas analysis line, Patent no.
    keywords: analysis; carbon; composition; emissions; filament; gas; materials; printers; products; safety
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        item: #2171 of 7527
          id: cet-12221
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-12221
        date: 2022-05-24
       words: 2900
      flesch: 47
     summary: This incident shows how important it is to evaluate the “safe discharge” of pressure safety valves carefully. A publication of The Italian Association of Chemical Engineering Online at www.cetjournal.it Guest Editors: Aleš Bernatík, Bruno Fabiano Copyright © 2022, AIDIC Servizi S.r.l. ISBN 978-88-95608-88-4; ISSN 2283-9216 Essential Aspects of Pressure Safety – Experiences from Industrial Practice Oliver Wichmann, Udo Dünger*, Volker Stellmacher Covestro Deutschland AG, 51373 Leverkusen udo.duenger@covestro.com Four simple, real examples from the chemical industry show particularly critical points which, according to experience, can jeopardize the safe functioning of pressure safety devices.
    keywords: blower; devices; flow; pressure; safety; vacuum; valve
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        item: #2172 of 7527
          id: cet-12222
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-12222
        date: 2022-05-24
       words: 3516
      flesch: 42
     summary: (2018) classified uncertainty in domino effect analysis into two main categories: data uncertainty and model uncertainty. Uncertainty in QRA of domino effects Figure 1: uncertainty in QRA of domino effects Due to our lack of knowledge and randomness, there exists a great deal of uncertainty in domino effect analysis.
    keywords: analysis; damage; data; domino; effects; probability; qra; uncertainties; uncertainty
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        item: #2173 of 7527
          id: cet-12223
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-12223
        date: 2022-05-24
       words: 3241
      flesch: 34
     summary: DOI: 10.3303/CET2290096 Paper Received: 24 November 2021; Revised: 19 March 2022; Accepted: 7 May 2022 Please cite this article as: Yuan S., Yang M., Reniers G., Chen C., 2022, An approach for identification of integrated safety and security barriers in the chemical process industries, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 90, 571-576 DOI:10.3303/CET2290096 CHEMICAL ENGINEERING TRANSACTIONS VOL. In terms of prevention and mitigation of major accidents, safety and security barriers are used in various forms to protect the chemical process industries from safety and security-related undesired events and mitigate the potentially catastrophic consequences (Villa & Cozzani, 2016).
    keywords: accident; analysis; barriers; identification; safety; scenarios; security
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        item: #2174 of 7527
          id: cet-12224
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-12224
        date: 2022-05-24
       words: 4123
      flesch: 41
     summary: 2. Safety management system for controlling major accident hazards SMS-MAH is divided, according to Seveso legislation, into a Policy for the prevention of accidents and seven points, including: Resources and Leadership (including Training), Risk Assessment, Operating Control, Management of Change, Emergency Planning and Management, Performances (including Near Miss Management), Control and Review (including Audit). Figure 1: Safety management system 578 3.
    keywords: data; information; level; mah; management; safety; sensors; seveso; sms; system
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        item: #2175 of 7527
          id: cet-12225
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-12225
        date: 2022-05-24
       words: 3171
      flesch: 47
     summary: A publication of The Italian Association of Chemical Engineering Online at www.cetjournal.it Guest Editors: Aleš Bernatík, Bruno Fabiano Copyright © 2022, AIDIC Servizi S.r.l. ISBN 978-88-95608-88-4; ISSN 2283-9216 Runaway Boundaries for PI Controlled Tubular Reactors Marco Barozzi, Martina Silvia Scotton, Sabrina Copelli * University of Insubria, Department of Science and High Technology, Via Valleggio 9, 22100, Como, Italy sabrina.copelli@uninsubria.it In the last decades, tubular reactors have found an extensive application in chemical industry, spacing from conventional catalytic oxidations to the intensification of highly exothermic discontinuous processes. Many works have been focused on providing methods and dissertations with the ultimate goal of making processes based on tubular reactors ever more intrinsically safe and optimized.
    keywords: chemical; controller; jacket; reactor; sensitivity; state; system; temperature
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        item: #2176 of 7527
          id: cet-12226
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-12226
        date: 2022-05-24
       words: 3950
      flesch: 35
     summary: The lessons learned from Cuban installations enabled the conception of this resilient approach, which represents a framework to improve industrial safety performances contributing to the release reduction of oily waste. 593 Conclusions A resilient safer approach to cope with the oily waste generation in industrial facilities was established and systematically updated for ten years throughout the state-of-the-art and the lesson learned during its implementation in industrial installations from Cienfuegos Territory, Cuba.
    keywords: approach; facilities; generation; industrial; installations; power; prevention; process; safety; system; waste
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        item: #2177 of 7527
          id: cet-12227
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-12227
        date: 2022-05-24
       words: 3371
      flesch: 47
     summary: The tools include, but are not limited to, operator competency, efficacy of process hazard analysis (PHA) and safety critical task analysis (SCTA). With the recognized consideration that transient operations account for the vast percentage of losses, the main steps of SCTA are as follows: • Consider the main hazards • Identify the safety critical tasks – here the focus should be on transient operations • Understand the critical tasks – including the engineering and procedural barriers involved and how they interact with each other, particularly during transient operations • Represent the safety critical tasks – can be as simple as a checklist, or task analysis if more complex • Identify the human failures – typically using a human factors based HAZOP process or similar checklist approach (as per section 2.2)
    keywords: losses; operations; operator; pha; process; reactor; safety; transient
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        item: #2178 of 7527
          id: cet-12228
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-12228
        date: 2022-05-24
       words: 4118
      flesch: 46
     summary: Indeed, most of the current literature works have showed applications of continuous reactors for latexes with monomer content well below 50% w/w. In this work, a simple batch to continuous (BtoC) procedure (where “continuous” means “in a series of Continuously Stirred Tank Reactors, CSTRs”) suitable to synthesize a high viscosity, high monomer content (70% w/w) emulsion tetrapolymer was proposed and tested at lab-scale. Before proposing a BtoC procedure, several design factors must be solved: 1) Identification of the number of required continuous reactors; 2) Identification of a control loop strategy for the liquid level inside the reactors; 602 3) Identification of a temperature control strategy (that is, isothermal or isoperibolic) where the Proportional- Integral parameters should be dynamically adapted to address for the best control strategy in the different phases of the process.
    keywords: control; min; process; reactor; recipe; series; temperature; test
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        item: #2179 of 7527
          id: cet-12229
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-12229
        date: 2022-05-24
       words: 2868
      flesch: 39
     summary: With this measurment setting different reaction systems will be observed, and the influence of the different calculation ways for the temperature rise and kinetic parameters will be evaluated. This has been proven for a large quantity of studies of different reaction systems.
    keywords: chemical; data; kinetic; order; pressure; rate; reaction; safety; temperature
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        item: #2180 of 7527
          id: cet-1223
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - CET--006.docx
        date: 2017-07-25
       words: 3199
      flesch: 51
     summary: 2. Brief introduction to radial basis function neural network (RBFNN) Artificial neural network (ANN) is a kind of information processing system established by imitating the human brain neural network functions. DOI: 10.3303/CET1759157 Please cite this article as: Bing Chen, 2017, Application of radial basis function neural network in environmental chemistry, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 59, 937-942 DOI:10.3303/CET1759157 937 ANN is the complex non-liear network connected by functional units (neurons) with a large number and simple functions.
    keywords: basis; function; layer; model; network; neural; number; rbf; rbfnn
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        item: #2181 of 7527
          id: cet-12230
      author: Raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 103CET_Article Dobes et al_20220215_rev june2022 MW PD.docx
        date: 2022-08-01
       words: 3787
      flesch: 41
     summary: DOI: 10.3303/CET2290103 Paper Received: 18 December 2021; Revised: 9 March 2022; Accepted: 10 May 2022 Please cite this article as: Dobeš P., Martiníková B., Klečka V., Lepík P., Novotný P., Danihelka P., 2022, Review of selected chemical accident report sites regarding major accident investigation and lessons learnt needs, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 90, 613-618 DOI:10.3303/CET2290103 613 3. Sklet S., 2002, Methods for accident investigation, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Reliability, Safety, and Security Studies, Trondheim, Norway.
    keywords: accident; analysis; chemical; czech; expert; investigation; lessons; police; report; risk; safety
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        item: #2182 of 7527
          id: cet-12231
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-12231
        date: 2022-05-24
       words: 3984
      flesch: 51
     summary: Due to the very high reactivity of LH2-vapour, indoor leaks that can give explosive concentrations must be prevented, alternatively an uncontrolled situation with LH2-vapour detonation potentially damaging the LH2 storage tank or connections could be feared. 619 mailto:olav@hyexsafe.com 2. Simulation of outdoor LH2 release experiments Seven different experiments were performed as part of the outdoor LH2 release experiments, three of the tests had a character of preparatory tests or final test with the aim to empty tanks, while tests 3 to 6 were near identical repeats of two different scenarios. 2.1 Overview of outdoor LH2 release experiments Test 5 was a release from 1” (25 mm) orifice from 2” (50 mm) tanker pipe downwards 0.32 m above the concrete ground with leak rate 0.74 kg/s and wind speed around 4 m/s, while test 3 was a similar release test with slightly higher wind speed and lower release rate.
    keywords: experiments; hydrogen; lh2; release; test
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        item: #2183 of 7527
          id: cet-12232
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-12232
        date: 2022-05-24
       words: 2778
      flesch: 47
     summary: In some cases, Escape, Evacuation and Rescue Analysis (EERA) are conducted in design phase in order to confirm that the designed escape and evacuation facilities are enough safe for operator escape and evacuation. If the barricade is well planned, there is no big difference for operator escape.
    keywords: escape; facility; floor; oil; operator; simulation
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        item: #2184 of 7527
          id: cet-12233
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-12233
        date: 2022-05-24
       words: 2448
      flesch: 46
     summary: Codes C10.61 C10.62 C10.71 C10.72 C10.73 G46.21 Activities Manufacture of grain mill products Manufacture of starch products Manufacture of bread Manufacture of bakery products Manufacture of pasta Wholesale of grain and animal feeds A second step consisted in reducing the scope of the database accident analysis to the trade in grains, animal feed and flour mill activities (i.e. G46.21, C10.61 and C10.62 codes in the French nomenclature of activities), as they were more specifically concerned by dust explosion risk. The smallest facility is the one that, contrary to what could be expected, has the best control over explosion risks.
    keywords: accidents; atex; dust; equipment; explosion; figure; risk
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        item: #2185 of 7527
          id: cet-12234
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-12234
        date: 2022-05-24
       words: 3687
      flesch: 48
     summary: An even broader approach is to investigate multiple incidents in order to find causes and characteristics that are common to a larger number of incidents. Thus, it can be beneficial to look at multiple incidents and see if there are common root causes that can be targeted with a reduced set of measures.
    keywords: barrier; database; failure; incidents; safeguarding; safety; start; valves
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        item: #2186 of 7527
          id: cet-12235
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-12235
        date: 2022-05-24
       words: 3806
      flesch: 25
     summary: However, the fervent quest for ever improved performance at static (if not reduced) costs makes ensuring that safety is adequately addressed ever more challenging, as reflected in the numerous recalls of EVs in the last two years following EV fires (Hyundai Kona, Chevy Bolt…). 3.2 Emerging statistical data from field failures leading to EV fires Although no robust figures are yet made available in terms of EV fire statistics (Ahrens, 2020), there is no clear evidence that EV fire events occur more frequently than Internal Combustion Engine (ICE) cars, despite the impressions that may be obtained from sensational media reporting of EV fires and controversial claims (e.g. by the London Fire Brigade, reporting a failure rate of 0.1% for EVs, more than double that of ICE vehicles:(Garret, 2020):figures possibly biased due to the limited number of fire records considered).
    keywords: batteries; battery; bess; energy; fires; incidents; ion; lithium; safety; systems; vehicles
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        item: #2187 of 7527
          id: cet-12236
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-12236
        date: 2022-05-24
       words: 3359
      flesch: 56
     summary: The main activity of the company is the manufacture of ethylene oxide (EO) and derivatives. Feeding of ethylene oxide continues over a period of several hours at 100-110 °C, whilst the mixture is cooled via E-3131 and the pressure rises to 11 bar gauge (12 bar absolute).
    keywords: bar; ethylene; explosion; oxide; phase; pressure; reaction; reactor
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        item: #2188 of 7527
          id: cet-12237
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-12237
        date: 2022-05-24
       words: 1933
      flesch: 59
     summary: The main conclusions: 1) Accurate determination of maximum explosion pressure and deflagration index at atmospheric temperatures and pressure for concentrations C = 250 – 2000 g/m3. 2) The maximum values of explosion pressures and rates of pressure rise. 3) The values of maximum explosion pressure show that the ash is two times less dangerous than the coal-air dust at given experimental conditions. EN 14034-2+A1, Determination of explosion characteristics of dust clouds - Part 2: determination of the maximum rate of explosion pressure rise of dust clouds, 2011.
    keywords: air; ash; dust; explosion; pressure
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        item: #2189 of 7527
          id: cet-12238
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-12238
        date: 2022-05-24
       words: 3504
      flesch: 44
     summary: 2. Methodology First method of the risk assessment, a selection of major accident risk sources was carried out using the CPR 18E Purple Book selection method. The highest risk for surroundings presents transport of ammonia pressure vessel from the storage to the pressure station and transport to the storage naturally.
    keywords: ammonia; environment; index; pressure; release; risk; station; vessel
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        item: #2190 of 7527
          id: cet-12239
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-12239
        date: 2022-05-24
       words: 3161
      flesch: 50
     summary: Even though immediate cause is identified as an unreported valve opening failure, accident analysis focuses on the operational flow, communication and signal transmission, i.e. the operational and organizational components liable to lead to unwanted events, when inadequately managed. The best approach lies in the systemic nature of the selected methods applied to the whole socio-technical hierarchy of the concerned process, trying to improve both existing hazard and accident analysis and evidencing possible safety constraints that were violated at each structure level.
    keywords: accident; analysis; mov; operation; pipeline; plant; pressure; process; safety; valve
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        item: #2191 of 7527
          id: cet-1224
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - CET--006.docx
        date: 2017-07-25
       words: 3648
      flesch: 47
     summary: 3. Based on the laboratory disturbance test and simultaneous field hydrologic monitoring, we establish the relationships between heavy metals in the sediment and dynamic disturbance and flow rate under different pollution conditions; according to the monitoring results of the spatial distribution of heavy metals in the sediment of the Neijiang River, we obtain the temporal and spatial distribution features of heavy metal release in the sediment of the Neijiang River. in the water body, while only a few researches have been conducted on the kinetic aspects of heavy metal release (Huang, 1995).
    keywords: metals; neijiang; neijiang river; rates; release; river; sediment; water
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        item: #2192 of 7527
          id: cet-12240
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-12240
        date: 2022-05-24
       words: 3028
      flesch: 41
     summary: However, a review of previous work shows that effective inhibition of hydrogen flames is not straightforward. www.me.berkeley.edu/gri_mech/. van Wingerden, K. and Hoorelbeke, P.,2011, On the potential of mitigating vapour cloud explosions using flame inhibitors, 11AIChE - 2011 AIChE Spring Meeting and 7th Global Congress on Process Safety, Conference Proceedings.
    keywords: air; chemical; combustion; flame; hydrocarbons; hydrogen; inhibition; inhibitors; particles
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        item: #2193 of 7527
          id: cet-12241
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-12241
        date: 2022-05-24
       words: 3432
      flesch: 51
     summary: Many important information for the safety of a process are not necessarily instrumented and a lot of process data are not necessarily important for safety. There are many other examples of process safety accidents where subtle changes, discrete warning signs and weak signals have not been captured and recognized.
    keywords: accidents; data; ignition; industry; operator; process; process safety; safety; silo
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        item: #2194 of 7527
          id: cet-12242
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-12242
        date: 2022-05-24
       words: 4338
      flesch: 32
     summary: DOI: 10.3303/CET2290115 Paper Received: 16 November 2021; Revised: 9 March 2022; Accepted: 20 April 2022 Please cite this article as: Wood M.H., Koutelos K., Hailwood M., Cowley C., 2022, Learning lessons from chemical incidents – What’s stopping us and how we can make it happen, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 90, 685-690 DOI:10.3303/CET2290115 CHEMICAL ENGINEERING TRANSACTIONS VOL. Lessons learning is a central part of chemical accident risk management because it confronts the reality
    keywords: accident; analysis; chemical; failure; incidents; information; leadership; learning; lessons; practices; process; safety
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        item: #2195 of 7527
          id: cet-12243
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-12243
        date: 2022-05-24
       words: 3510
      flesch: 40
     summary: The majority of operators, i.e. 44 out of 55 stated that they develop safety culture on the premises by introducing safety culture activities and conduct assessment. 11 establishments that did not employ any activity for safety culture improvement stated that they were satisfied with their current state of safety culture or did not have necessary means to improve it, e.g. capacity, time, finances.
    keywords: activities; culture; directive; establishments; management; operators; safety
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        item: #2196 of 7527
          id: cet-12244
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-12244
        date: 2022-05-24
       words: 3482
      flesch: 37
     summary: DOI: 10.3303/CET2290117 Paper Received: 8 December 2021; Revised: 27 March 2022; Accepted: 19 April 2022 Please cite this article as: Bony-Dandrieux A., Secheppet M., Bouillet P., Tixier J., 2022, A reference framework to build crisis exercise for strategic crisis unit: an integrated approach from scenario to debriefing, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 90, 697-702 DOI:10.3303/CET2290117 CHEMICAL ENGINEERING TRANSACTIONS VOL. Improving crisis exercises and managers’ skills through the development of scenario design.
    keywords: crisis; debriefing; exercise; learners; learning; scenario; simulation; stimuli; training
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        item: #2197 of 7527
          id: cet-12245
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-12245
        date: 2022-05-24
       words: 3910
      flesch: 46
     summary: Table 1: Direct causes of loss of containment in the 70 material degradation accidents Direct cause Number of ageing accidents % of ageing accidents Corrosion 40 57% Fatigue, creep, embrittlement 19 27% Vibrations 5 7% Erosion 1 1% Material degradation, other 5 7% Figure 2 gives the results for the 70 accidents as shown in the three lines of defence of the Storybuilder bow-tie model. Ageing factors have a negative weight, while longevity factors have a positive weight.
    keywords: accidents; ageing; barrier; containment; factors; inspection; management; method; safety; seveso; system
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        item: #2198 of 7527
          id: cet-12246
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-12246
        date: 2022-05-24
       words: 3418
      flesch: 52
     summary: Determining key PSFs is a decision-making system, but there is always lack of historical data of PSF. The final result indicates that the proposed method provides a reasonable and effective way to find key PSFs for ensuring human reliability in shipping LNG offloading work.
    keywords: data; grey; human; lng; psf; psfs; relational; reliability
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        item: #2199 of 7527
          id: cet-12247
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-12247
        date: 2022-05-24
       words: 3356
      flesch: 43
     summary: In the model proposed, human error probability is the product of the interaction among three elements: the type of task to be performed (generic task type, GTT), the conditional factors affecting performance (performance shaping factor, PSF), and human factors (human barriers, HB), deriving from the human and organizational factors aimed at preventing errors from the workers. DOI: 10.3303/CET2290120 Paper Received: 22 December 2021; Revised: 25 March 2022; Accepted: 24 April 2022 Please cite this article as: Guglielmi D., Paolucci A., Fraboni F., Mariani M.G., Pietrantoni L., Casson Moreno V., Cozzani V., Mora C., Borzi M., Soscia I., Scataglini L., 2022, Improving the assessment of human barriers: an innovative methodology for the Energy industry, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 90, 715-720 DOI:10.3303/CET2290120 CHEMICAL ENGINEERING TRANSACTIONS VOL.
    keywords: barriers; error; factors; methodology; performance; safeguard; safety; task
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        item: #2200 of 7527
          id: cet-12248
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-12248
        date: 2022-05-24
       words: 3806
      flesch: 51
     summary: Although heuristics can be very useful, especially when decisions have to be made quickly, such shortcuts can lead to various cognitive biases, affecting the outcomes of decision making. Biases in decision making.
    keywords: case; decision; factors; makers; making; methods; process; reference; risk; safety
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        item: #2201 of 7527
          id: cet-12249
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-12249
        date: 2022-05-24
       words: 4257
      flesch: 40
     summary: Brainstorming, mind-mapping, discussions with professionals, working on case studies and project methods were used for education and training in HSE risk management. Project-based Course: New voluntary course on HSE risk management developed on the Google Classroom blended learning platform.
    keywords: education; hse; learning; management; professionals; project; risk; safety; students; teaching; tools
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        item: #2202 of 7527
          id: cet-1225
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - CET--006.docx
        date: 2017-07-25
       words: 2907
      flesch: 58
     summary: The wet precipitator is separation unit between air dust and air using of liquid droplets or liquid membrane washing dust settlement. Dust air will enter into the dust catcher from the left, plank forward inclination for 5°.
    keywords: air; dust; figure; purification; removal; shaft; water; wind
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        item: #2203 of 7527
          id: cet-12250
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-12250
        date: 2022-05-24
       words: 3491
      flesch: 51
     summary: Instructions for plant start-up • Instruction for furnace mode change • Instruction for abnormal situation • Work permit procedures • Incident investigations • Process safety event statistics • Safety climate questionnaire results • Guideline for writing operating instructions • Template for operating instructions 3.3 Group discussions Group discussion (focus groups) is a common qualitative research method, which was considered more useful for this project than individual interviews, due to the stimulation provided by group interaction. It would probably be worthwhile to encourage the use of operating instructions during training, and to include some questions about instructions in the competence check-out procedures.
    keywords: instructions; model; operating; operators; procedures; process; safety; use
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        item: #2204 of 7527
          id: cet-12251
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-12251
        date: 2022-05-24
       words: 3379
      flesch: 43
     summary: This discussion contributes to the creation of a set of requirements for the crisis exercise observation tool. Following the identification of this second category of analysis, two aspects emerge that need be taken into account in the development of observation through an observation tool: • To design a tool that that opens up possible spaces and allows the sharing of observation experiences • To develop an observation tool and methodology for sharing didactic and pedagogical knowledge on crisis observation 4.
    keywords: activity; crisis; exercise; interviews; management; observation; simulation; tool; training
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        item: #2205 of 7527
          id: cet-12252
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-12252
        date: 2022-05-24
       words: 2643
      flesch: 48
     summary: The NLP and HOFs categories have then been introduced to obtain the critical structure of HOFs related accidents. Discussion and Conclusions A new framework has been proposed for analyzing the information of HOFs related accident reports.
    keywords: accident; analysis; cases; factors; hofs; information; pattern; reports; tag; text
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        item: #2206 of 7527
          id: cet-12253
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-12253
        date: 2022-05-24
       words: 4137
      flesch: 41
     summary: Cost Benefit analysis for the use of simulation for preparedness verification For financial evaluation The need for an IT specialist and an external consultant for start-up and simulation • Time-consuming scenario building • Demanding time for simulation • Entry staff requirements Opportunities (6) Threaths (- 4) E xt er na l e nv iro nm en t • High variability of real events • Experts from practice involved in creating the simulation scenario • Use of case studies of real significant events • Demand for exercises using simulation • Increasing the possibility of available IT software tools • Multiple use of the same simulation scenarios for different trainees, users and territories • Reluctance from practice to cooperate on simulation scenarios • Non-existent procedure for creating simulations for the work of crisis staffs • Insufficient data connection.
    keywords: analysis; crisis; exercise; level; preparedness; safety; simulation; use; verification
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        item: #2207 of 7527
          id: cet-12254
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-12254
        date: 2022-05-24
       words: 3707
      flesch: 35
     summary: Considering the long-term impact severe accidents may have on public perception, and the deployment of hydrogen technologies in society, the present study explores the framing of hydrogen safety by key stakeholders in the hydrogen ecosystem. Compared to the results obtained for the national strategies, the framing of hydrogen safety by IGOs and PPPs is more diverse: the messages conveyed reflect the missions and visions of the organisations, and hence the context in which the source documents were produced.
    keywords: analysis; documents; energy; framing; hydrogen; risk; safety; study; systems
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        item: #2208 of 7527
          id: cet-12255
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-12255
        date: 2022-05-24
       words: 3504
      flesch: 39
     summary: DOI: 10.3303/CET2290128 Paper Received: 1 January 2022; Revised: 3 March 2022; Accepted: 27 April 2022 Please cite this article as: Gajek A., 2022, Organizational solutions for employee training to be included in the safety management system, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 90, 763-768 DOI:10.3303/CET2290128 CHEMICAL ENGINEERING TRANSACTIONS VOL. The more so because employee training is a serious burden for the employer, especially the SME one, because it is associated with considerable costs of the training itself, as well as with the absence of employee at the workplace.
    keywords: accident; employees; establishment; knowledge; management; safety; system; training
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        item: #2209 of 7527
          id: cet-12256
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-12256
        date: 2022-05-24
       words: 3125
      flesch: 39
     summary: This is best depicted by the triangle in Figure 2: • Product Supply (PS): these are the production areas of each of the three divisions Consumer Health, Crop Science and Pharmaceuticals, responsible for safe and reliable operations; • Corporate Health, Safety and Environment (CHS) is responsible for governance and reporting; • Process and Plant Safety (PPS) is part of the enabling function Engineering & Technology and responsible for PPS operations and expert advice. A publication of The Italian Association of Chemical Engineering Online at www.cetjournal.it Guest Editors: Aleš Bernatík, Bruno Fabiano Copyright © 2022, AIDIC Servizi S.r.l. ISBN 978-88-95608-88-4; ISSN 2283-9216 PPS Roadmap 2025 – Bayer’s Vision and Strategy for the Future of Process and Plant Safety Felix Hanisch Bayer AG, 51368 Leverkusen, Germany felix.hanisch@bayer.com At Bayer process and plant safety has evolved over decades and remains a top priority.
    keywords: bayer; framework; operations; plant; pps; process; roadmap; safety
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        item: #2210 of 7527
          id: cet-12257
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-12257
        date: 2022-05-24
       words: 2690
      flesch: 41
     summary: Large amounts of MEA in process of absorption resulted in much higher hazard potential of the absorption unit and thus overall CISI of process route. In the next step, process routes were ranked according to values calculated for each subcriteria.
    keywords: criteria; design; figure; lts; process; production; safety
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        item: #2211 of 7527
          id: cet-12258
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-12258
        date: 2022-05-24
       words: 3105
      flesch: 52
     summary: Threats to failure to learn adapted from Stemn et al (2018) Threats to failure to learn Possible causes Under reporting of detected incidents Fear of retribution or punishment if reported Lack of focus on smaller precursor incidents Not enough time to report, fear of additional work Inadequate incident descriptions Not enough time to report accurately Inadequate incident investigations Not enough time to perform investigations adequately Poor selection an implementation of corrective actions Not enough focus on fixing issues Lack of effective Learning From Incidents system Not enough resource allocation on implementing systems Culture of blame, lack of trust Poor leadership and culture Based on the above, it can be assumed that leader actions can assist in improving the application of learning from incidents. A publication of The Italian Association of Chemical Engineering Online at www.cetjournal.it Guest Editors: Aleš Bernatík, Bruno Fabiano Copyright © 2022, AIDIC Servizi S.r.l. ISBN 978-88-95608-88-4; ISSN 2283-9216 Creating a Learning Organisation Trish Kerin IChemE Safety Centre, Melbourne, Australia tkerin@icheme.org Leaders are a vital part of any organisation because they influence how the organisation acts and responds.
    keywords: actions; leader; leadership; learning; organisation; team
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        item: #2212 of 7527
          id: cet-12259
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-12259
        date: 2022-05-24
       words: 3001
      flesch: 48
     summary: Key activities and personnel Football team Processing plant Activity People Activity People Training sessions Coaches, high performance team, medical team (inc. Doctor), players, Leadership Group Planning meetings Engineers, safety advisors, operations supervisors, operators, maintenance, technical authorities Fitness assessment Coaches, High performance team, Doctor Process safety auditing Operations supervisors, Safety advisors, technical authorities Team selection Coaches, Doctor, Leadership Group Resourcing Operations supervisors Game day Coaches, players, medical team, Leadership Group Operations/maintenance activities Operations supervisors, operators, maintainers Post-match review Coaches, high performance team, medical team (inc. Doctor), players, Leadership Group Post activity review Engineers, safety advisors, operations supervisors, operators, maintenance, technical authorities 3.1 Onfield roles Now that we have covered the differing departments and compartmentalisation of a football department and executive department of a football club, we can describe the differing on field player roles and rules of the game. Process safety advisor recommends more frequent inspection of critical pressure relief valves (PRV), because 90% of them failed their last pop test on inspection Plant manager recommends increasing the operating rate of the equipment to increase production leading into the high demand period for products Team selection: High performance team recommend resting key striker – as coach you overrule this recommendation and select them Doctor rules out goalkeeper due to their illness –want to select them, but doctor overrules Operations: The Plant Manger rejected the recommendation of increased inspection of PRVs, because they were mostly failing on the low side, not the high side – so assumed to be “safe”, no need for additional shutdowns The technical authority for the rotating equipment has overruled the Plant Mangers decision to increase the rate of the equipment, as the increased rate could lead to catastrophic and unpredictable failure Game day:
    keywords: department; football; key; process; roles; safety; team
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        item: #2213 of 7527
          id: cet-1226
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - CET--006.docx
        date: 2017-07-25
       words: 4401
      flesch: 49
     summary: Soffianian A., Madani E.S., Arabi M., 2014, Risk assessment of heavy metal soil pollution through principal components analysis and false color composition in Hamadan Province, Iran. This paper briefly reviews the famous events of metal pollution in soil at home and abroad, discusses the source of heavy metals pollution in soil from four aspects, and elaborates the phytoremediation and application from aspects of the migration, transport of heavy metals ion, selection of hyper accumulator and telltale effects of the plants.
    keywords: agent; content; metals; pollution; sediment; soil
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        item: #2214 of 7527
          id: cet-12260
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-12260
        date: 2022-05-24
       words: 4044
      flesch: 45
     summary: Increasingly, the attendance of policy representatives and inspectors at IGUS meetings as well as joint open meetings with industry and universities speak for itself in respect to benefits perceived. Members participate at IGUS meetings as technical experts in their own right.
    keywords: classification; criteria; group; igus; substances; test; transport; years
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        item: #2215 of 7527
          id: cet-12261
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-12261
        date: 2022-05-24
       words: 2303
      flesch: 18
     summary: References CCPS, 2007, Guidelines for Risk Based Process Safety, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New Jersey IAEA, 2015, IAEA Publications <https://www-pub.iaea.org/MTCD/Publications/PDF/P1698_web.pdf> accessed 14.11.2021 ONR, 2014, Safety Assessment Principles for Nuclear Facilities <https://www.onr.org.uk/saps/saps2014.pdf> accessed 14.11.2021 IChemE Safety Centre, 2014, Process Safety and the ISC <https://www.icheme.org/media/1584/final-common- language-revised-6-6-14.pdf> accessed 14.11.2021 804 lp-2022-abstract-004.pdf Strategic Implementation of Risk Based Process Safety in Process Plant Organization The Strategic PSM (SPSM) Research Group was established through industry-government-academia collaboration to propose an effective implementation of the risk-based approach for process safety management for Japanese industry.
    keywords: figure; information; management; operation; process; register; risk; safety
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        item: #2216 of 7527
          id: cet-12262
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-12262
        date: 2022-05-24
       words: 3943
      flesch: 39
     summary: Avoiding flood events in the site selection is the most effective way for flood Natech events prevention. Corresponding laws and standards, risk assessment methods, and safety strategies of chemical clusters and plants can be targeted and improved to mitigate the impacts of flood Natech accidents.
    keywords: accidents; chemical; clusters; design; emergency; events; flood; natech; process; safety
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        item: #2217 of 7527
          id: cet-12263
      author: None
       title: cet-12263
        date: 2022-06-13
       words: 4805
      flesch: 34
     summary: This paper goes deeper into detail on the principles and consequences of societal risk and how they can be used beneficially 1. The two risk parameters that are often calculated are individual risk and societal risk, which are represented respectively under the form of risk contours and societal risk curves.
    keywords: criteria; individual; installations; land; planning; risk; siting; use
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        item: #2218 of 7527
          id: cet-12264
      author: None
       title: cet-12264
        date: 2022-06-13
       words: 3388
      flesch: 44
     summary: The calculation of a carbon footprint involves the following equation, based on IPCC Guidelines (2006): Carbon footprint emissions = Activity data · Emissions factor · Global warming potential (1) Activity data is a quantitative measure of a level of activity that results in GHG emissions, e.g., the combustion of fuel (coal, diesel etc.) or absorbed electrical energy. These amounts have been converted into an equivalent amount of GHG emissions, by applying the rules set-up in the GHG Protocol.
    keywords: alternative; base; case; configuration; emissions; ghg; plant; steam
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        item: #2219 of 7527
          id: cet-12265
      author: None
       title: cet-12265
        date: 2022-06-13
       words: 3049
      flesch: 28
     summary: Safety barriers are classified into technical, non-technical observable, and non-technical non-observable, considering the relationship between safety barriers and safety indicators, as shown in Figure 1. Previous studies related to safety and security barrier management mainly focused on the optimization or optimal allocation of barriers.
    keywords: analysis; barriers; classification; management; safety; security; security barriers
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        item: #2220 of 7527
          id: cet-12266
      author: None
       title: cet-12266
        date: 2022-06-13
       words: 3748
      flesch: 53
     summary: 1 1 .593 3 2 D.1 .154 1 1 G.1 .000 1 1 .770 1 2 D.2 .261 1 1 G.2 .320 1 1 .320 1 1 D.3 .320 1 1 G.3 .320 1 1 .372 1 1 E.all .594 2 2 H.all .398 2 2 .415 1 1 E.1 .320 2 2 H.1 .320 2 2 .320 1 1 E.2 .640 3 3 H.2 .486 1 2 .320 1 1 E.3 .320 1 1 H.3 .320 2 2 .594 2 2 F.all .189 1 1 I.all .135 1 1 .415 1 1 F.1 .154 1 1 I.1 .135 1 1 .261 2 2 F.2 .154 1 1 I.2 .154 1 1 .640 2 2 F.3 .320 1 1 I.3 .000 1 1 Transport risk management tools and their frequency of use have been examined: J – insurance of transport risks K - requiring a quality and safety certificate from the transport company L - regular inspection of the technical condition of vehicles M - regular training of workers working in transport and transportation. There is also a similar trend in using the insurance instrument to reduce the incidence and impact of transport risks.
    keywords: companies; dairy; food; industry; management; milk; mode; production; risk; transport
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        item: #2221 of 7527
          id: cet-12267
      author: None
       title: cet-12267
        date: 2022-06-13
       words: 5189
      flesch: 50
     summary: This article explores two questions that can be answered by transforming major risk management systems into digital models. Following this approach, we believe that we have laid the methodological and IT foundations for a new type of major risk management system, which could contribute to reducing the gap that is too often observed between legal compliance and the reality of management in the field, and to filling the gaps in the control systems.
    keywords: control; management; reality; requirements; risk; risk management; safety; snoi; studies; system
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        item: #2222 of 7527
          id: cet-12268
      author: None
       title: cet-12268
        date: 2022-06-13
       words: 3026
      flesch: 33
     summary: System resilience is referred to as the capability of maintaining the required functionality under disruptive events (Hollnagel et al., 2011). System resilience was quantified with the consideration of availability and recovery time.
    keywords: complex; components; functionality; functions; performance; resilience; system
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        item: #2223 of 7527
          id: cet-12269
      author: None
       title: cet-12269
        date: 2022-06-13
       words: 4227
      flesch: 38
     summary: According to a recent review (Yan et al. 2017), 27% of accident PTW related accidents involve hot works. Site and Event description The event consisted of an explosion of tank containing wastewater from batch production installation plant and subsequent fire in a chemical installation, located in a national chemical and petrochemical hub with a high concentration of major accident establishments.
    keywords: accident; chemical; emergency; establishment; event; fire; following; management; plant; safety; site; substances; work
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        item: #2224 of 7527
          id: cet-1227
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - CET--006.docx
        date: 2017-07-25
       words: 2975
      flesch: 65
     summary: The x=0.1, 0.2 are spin glass (SG), however, from the χ ′ (T) curve we concluded that x=0.4 is the FM behavior (Nam et al., 1999; Krimmel et al., 2001). Apart from this, Stauffer has reported the magnetic interaction of NSCO (Stauffer and Leighton, 2004), in which NSCO with x≤0.18 was reported as spin glass phase.
    keywords: magnetic; magnetization; nd1; samples; susceptibility; temperature; xsrxcoo3
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        item: #2225 of 7527
          id: cet-12270
      author: None
       title: cet-12270
        date: 2022-06-13
       words: 2974
      flesch: 50
     summary: It means that below triple point pressure, a reduction of temperature of the vapor phase (as often found during depressurization) produces a solid phase without the transient formation of an intermediate liquid phase. The results presented are calculated using the Peng-Robinson equation (PR, Peng and Robinson, 1976) for vapor-liquid equilibrium calculations and the Lee-Kesler model (LK, Lee and Kesler, 1975) for the evaluation of thermal properties i.e., enthalpy, entropy, density, heat-capacity of the vapor and liquid phases.
    keywords: fluid; leak; liquid; pipeline; point; pressure; temperature
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        item: #2226 of 7527
          id: cet-12271
      author: None
       title: cet-12271
        date: 2022-06-13
       words: 2833
      flesch: 41
     summary: Several studies related to the safety of hydrogen stations have been concerned with the diffusion of leakage, explosion, deflagration or detonation of hydrogen and jet flames from hydrogen fueling stations (Kim et al., 2013). This is particularly important especially when the population at large is involved such as in the case of hydrogen stations (Al-Shanini et al., 2014).
    keywords: analysis; explosion; fuelling; hydrogen; pressure; risk; safety; station; vehicles
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        item: #2227 of 7527
          id: cet-12272
      author: None
       title: cet-12272
        date: 2022-06-13
       words: 3098
      flesch: 27
     summary: These results are consistent with the life cycle analysis study of desktop computer display production, conducted by Socolof, Overly, and Geibig in 2005, where high environmental impacts related to energy consumption, toxic waste generation are highlighted as necessary. The analysis results evidenced that the companies generate a high environmental impact despite the controls that the department of environmental management takes.
    keywords: bogotá; companies; desktop; environmental; health; management; production; quality; safety; tools; waste
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        item: #2228 of 7527
          id: cet-12273
      author: None
       title: cet-12273
        date: 2022-06-13
       words: 2814
      flesch: 29
     summary: Long Range Planning, 44,3, 197-220. Bugdol M., Puciato D., Borys T., Jagellonica U., 2020, Environmental management systems in the context of sustainable development: identifying open problems Systemy zarządzania środowiskiemw kontekście zrównowa- żonego rozwoju - identyfikacja otwartych problemów. Ramirez L., 2013, State of the art on the impact of environmental management system based on ISO 14001 on the sustainability of organizations, Journal of Chemical Information and Modeling, 53(9), 1689-1699.
    keywords: analysis; companies; impacts; management; process; production; quality; sector; waste
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        item: #2229 of 7527
          id: cet-12274
      author: None
       title: cet-12274
        date: 2022-06-13
       words: 3934
      flesch: 33
     summary: Abnormal situation management Process automation and control Process reliability Process safety and asset integrity Introduction Model-based monitoring technique Data-based monitoring technique Alarm management State-space theory Estimation of states Introduction to process Modelling and parameter estimation Steps in model building Parameter estimation Computing the estimate Model validation methods Analysis of multivariable Systems Controller design Failure distribution Time-dependent failure models System reliability State-dependent systems Design for reliability Maintainability Availability Accident modelling Consequences modelling The human factor in engineering Risk assessment Probabilistic risk Assessment Uncertain analysis Asset integrity References Behie S. W., Halim S. Z., Efaw B., O’Connor T. M., Quddus N., 2020, Guidance for improve the effectiveness of process safety management system in operating facilities, Journal of Loss Prevention in the Process Industries, 68, 104257, 1 – 11. Benesova A., Tupa, J., 2017, Requirements for education and qualification of people in Industry 4.0, Procedia Manufacturing, 10, 2195-2202. https://www.peterfick.com/2017/01/future-education-young-everyone-taught-together/. (blog January 24) Gajek A., Fabiano B., Laurent A., Jensen N., 2022, Process safety education of future employee 4.0 in Industry 4.0, Journal of Loss Prevention in Process Industries, 75, 104691., Graham C., 2018, What is industry 4.0?
    keywords: data; education; engineering; industry; learning; management; process; process safety; safety; skills; students
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        item: #2230 of 7527
          id: cet-12275
      author: None
       title: cet-12275
        date: 2022-06-13
       words: 2931
      flesch: 49
     summary: In particular, because of biomethane release pressures, the gaseous flow is always sonic (pson is higher than atmospheric pressure) and the biofuel behaves like an ideal gas (compressibility factor is about 1). The paper is focused on compression unit and the influence of levels of biomethane production pressure on Atex zones classification has been studied.
    keywords: biomethane; compression; gas; pressure; production; release; safety
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        item: #2231 of 7527
          id: cet-12276
      author: None
       title: cet-12276
        date: 2022-06-13
       words: 3608
      flesch: 46
     summary: Simone Favrin, Renato Rota, Marco Derudi Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci, 32, Milan, Italy valentina.busini@polimi.it In industrial safety, engulfing pool fires can cause damages and collapse of process vessels with catastrophic consequences. More recent works used the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) for the prediction of the behaviour of pressurized tanks fully (Scarponi et al., 2019) or partially engulfed in pool fire (Scarponi et al., 2021).
    keywords: fire; flux; heat; pool; reaction; reactor; time
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        item: #2232 of 7527
          id: cet-12277
      author: None
       title: cet-12277
        date: 2022-06-13
       words: 3565
      flesch: 52
     summary: Czech statistical Office, 2021, Czech Republic, <www.czso.cz/csu/czso/home> accessed 13.05.2021. The paper aims to propose a model that explains the relationship between these two variables in the conditions of the Czech Republic through empirically determined data on the level of gross domestic product and unemployment.
    keywords: covid-19; czech; gdp; model; pandemic; regression; unemployment
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        item: #2233 of 7527
          id: cet-12278
      author: None
       title: cet-12278
        date: 2022-06-13
       words: 3272
      flesch: 53
     summary: 8·105 1.9·105 ‒ 4.8·105 4.1 Lift-off correlations The lift-off, a function of the fuel exit speed and the nozzle diameter, has been correlated by several authors for vertical jet flames (Santos and Costa, 2005, Rokke et al., 1994) and horizontal jet flames (Wang et al., 2019) with the fuel jet exit velocity, both variables normalized by the nozzle diameter (S/D, u/D). If there is jet flames impingement on an equipment – a vessel, a pipe– the heat flux on it can be very high due to both the radiative and convective contributions (Birk et al., 2006; Landucci et al., 2013; Scarponi et al., 2018).
    keywords: figure; fires; flames; image; jet; lift; reach
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        item: #2234 of 7527
          id: cet-12279
      author: None
       title: cet-12279
        date: 2022-06-13
       words: 3340
      flesch: 52
     summary: As a solution to make up for the problem, the present study aims to develop a comprehensive approach, which combines CT with DBN, to measure system resilience and ensure system safety under uncertain disruptions. A resilience metric is then introduced to measure system resilience under uncertain disruptions.
    keywords: disruptions; process; resilience; system
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        item: #2235 of 7527
          id: cet-1228
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - CET--006.docx
        date: 2017-07-25
       words: 2995
      flesch: 42
     summary: 3.3 Effect of carbon source on deltamethrin degradation Some studies showed that the presence of easily degradable carbon sources could enhance the biodegradation of more persistent chemicals (Zhao et al., 2002). During the degradation process, oversupplying primary substrate carbon source inhibited the induced generation of deltamethrin degradation enzyme, making the degradation rate decreased.
    keywords: addition; anoxic; bohai; carbon; degradation; deltamethrin; rate; sediment
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        item: #2236 of 7527
          id: cet-12280
      author: None
       title: cet-12280
        date: 2022-06-13
       words: 3412
      flesch: 55
     summary: RRRL ≤75% 25%<RRRL≤50% RRRL≤25% Preventive barrier indicator green yellow orange red The preventive barrier indicator, RRRL, can be determined not only from the trustworthiness of the barrier system, but also from its activation and how many barriers still protect against the central event. The two barriers differ in designed RRLs, which results in different RRRLs and preventive barrier indicator colours.
    keywords: barrier; indicator; process; rrl; safety; system; water
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        item: #2237 of 7527
          id: cet-12281
      author: None
       title: cet-12281
        date: 2022-06-13
       words: 2842
      flesch: 32
     summary: It was identified that the flexographic process is the company's primary method that contributes to the greatest generation of environmental impacts. This evaluation was carried out for one year in the stages described below: Diagnosis of the environmental impacts of a graphic arts industry using cleaner production tools, for which the company's facilities were visited to recognize the development of its production processes and achieve the Initial Environmental Review, to identify the inputs and outputs of materials and energy of the flexographic process, In order to identify the inputs and outputs of materials and energy of the flexography process, the Materials, Energy and Waste Matrix was made and to record the balance of volume and composition of the flow of materials and energy that exist in the processes, flow diagrams, and the Eco- balance were made, while to identify and locate areas or critical points of high risk of contamination the Eco- maps were made, and the Matrix for the identification of aspects and assessment of environmental impacts was also constructed.
    keywords: company; energy; impacts; industry; materials; printing; process; processes; production; waste
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        item: #2238 of 7527
          id: cet-12282
      author: None
       title: cet-12282
        date: 2022-06-13
       words: 3383
      flesch: 57
     summary: The results show that the sample data available are far less than what would be required for obtaining a reliable MLE and hence the bootstrapping method is applied to acquire a range of CDFs that may be considered valid for representing the probability distribution of CO2 pipeline failure hole sizes. In light of the above, this study describes the development of an analytical method for constructing a credible probability distribution for CO2 pipeline failure hole size.
    keywords: co2; distribution; failure; hole; mle; pipeline; sample; size
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        item: #2239 of 7527
          id: cet-12283
      author: None
       title: cet-12283
        date: 2022-06-13
       words: 3895
      flesch: 45
     summary: Gas sensors, usually require a considerable warm-up time before providing an accurate measurement. While electrochemical sensors have a reduced power consumption, catalytic sensors require a relative high amount of power to operate.
    keywords: battery; consumption; data; figure; gas; monitoring; network; node; power; safety; sensor; system
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        item: #2240 of 7527
          id: cet-12284
      author: None
       title: cet-12284
        date: 2022-06-13
       words: 2933
      flesch: 53
     summary: This investigation examines a variety of fire plume discharges in a small-scale wind tunnel. On the other hand, Briggs (1969) collected a series of experimental data for rising plumes and presented a series of already validated theoretical formulas.
    keywords: height; layer; mixing; model; plume; rise
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        item: #2241 of 7527
          id: cet-12285
      author: None
       title: cet-12285
        date: 2022-06-13
       words: 3894
      flesch: 31
     summary: Table 1: Attributes for classification of unwanted events Attribute Description Event severity Severity type according to the outcome of the event (damages on property or equipment, losses of dangerous products, injuries, effects on the surrounding environment) Year Year of event occurrence Brief event description Short title used to quickly identify and understand the event Critical anomaly triggering the event The anomaly that firstly appeared, giving rise to a possible chain of events up to the accident Classification of the critical anomaly Distractions and oversights of the operator, e.g. in tightening (operational error); Based on the identified criteria for classifying unwanted events (Table 1), it has been found out that accidents and near-misses were mainly triggered by workers distractions and oversights, technical design deficiencies and losses related to maintenance problems, as shown in Figure 1.
    keywords: accidents; analysis; chemical; events; factors; misses; near; plant; process; risk; safety
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        item: #2242 of 7527
          id: cet-12286
      author: None
       title: cet-12286
        date: 2022-06-13
       words: 3181
      flesch: 45
     summary: This case study referred to hazmat road transport in Liguria Region, Italy. This paper presents the development of an ICT based system to detect constantly the hazmat vehicles on the roads and to map, in real time, the potential impact area generated by the specific transported product in case of road accident.
    keywords: accident; area; gis; hazmat; impact; risk; road; system; transport
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        item: #2243 of 7527
          id: cet-12287
      author: None
       title: cet-12287
        date: 2022-06-13
       words: 3729
      flesch: 34
     summary: The system is also provided with a dedicated software (iControl) that can be used to automatically integrate heat flow curves (both online and offline) to easily retrieve values such as reaction heat, calorimetric conversion, and adiabatic temperature rise. These devices can provide different outputs such as: the overall heat flow exchanged between reactor and its walls, jacket and reactor temperature vs. time trend (from which it is possible to retrieve reaction kinetics), volumes variations, viscosity trends (through the monitoring of the power absorbed by the stirring unit; such a function is very useful to investigate the effects of the use of different agitator types, that is anchor, propeller, etc..).
    keywords: acid; anhydride; heat; kinetic; mixture; reaction; reactor; temperature
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        item: #2244 of 7527
          id: cet-12288
      author: None
       title: cet-12288
        date: 2022-06-13
       words: 3962
      flesch: 48
     summary: Such data are then 151 elaborated with the use of Gantt diagrams, which are a very used tool when handling with worksite planning and validate models and emission factors to describe particulate matter, NOx, SOx and CO emissions. Table 1: Example of emission factors EF for Drill Rigs (calculated from 2020 values) (AQMD, 2021) MaxCV
    keywords: activities; air; assessment; emissions; factors; health; matrix; table
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        item: #2245 of 7527
          id: cet-12289
      author: None
       title: cet-12289
        date: 2022-06-13
       words: 2749
      flesch: 44
     summary: It is important to underline that the solution of the fault trees can be done only referencing to suitable failure rates/human errors databases. a) 160 Figure 2: Fault Trees for the Top Event “Organic peroxide combustion/decomposition”: a) original plant layout; b) modified plant layout (compressed version). The simple introduction of little plant layout modifications, that is two new protection devices and a new emergency procedure (TAH-01, I-01 and Operator intervention to restart the compressor / Securing the stored product) led to a significative decrease in the order of magnitude of the probability associated with the considered TE (6 order of magnitude).
    keywords: analysis; layout; peroxide; plant; safety; table; temperature
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        item: #2246 of 7527
          id: cet-1229
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - CET--006.docx
        date: 2017-07-25
       words: 3206
      flesch: 40
     summary: The pyrochlore scarcely disseminated with rare earth minerals, the grain size of which could be around 0.15 mm, generally at 0.005-0.03 mm. Apatite 976 generally occurred in crumby structure with radial pattern, rare earth minerals, silicates and ferruginous matters filled and replaced in the intergranular spaces and cracks of the apatite.
    keywords: bastnaesite; chemical; dolomite; earth; earth minerals; elements; grain; minerals; ores; size
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        item: #2247 of 7527
          id: cet-12290
      author: None
       title: cet-12290
        date: 2022-06-13
       words: 3078
      flesch: 48
     summary: Authors (Pugi et al., 2019) have some previous experiences on the design of special drilling machines so they propose the construction of a support boat/vehicle able to operate on various kind of soils for a drilling equipment that is in installed on a seabed that can be detached and stabilized on the sea bottom. 167 Finally some further applications related to monitoring of harbours (Fornaro et al.,2021) and of submerged concrete structures (Gao et al.,2018).
    keywords: control; drilling; figure; power; seabed; speed; system
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        item: #2248 of 7527
          id: cet-12291
      author: None
       title: cet-12291
        date: 2022-06-13
       words: 2534
      flesch: 53
     summary: Iron flame velocity of 56 cm.s-1 and 20 cm.s-1 were obtained with diameter of respectively 3.3 µm and 7.0 µm. Burning velocity is deduced from the evolution of the pressure inside the closed vessel.
    keywords: delay; dust; ignition; maximum; pressure; velocity
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        item: #2249 of 7527
          id: cet-12293
      author: None
       title: cet-12293
        date: 2022-06-13
       words: 4708
      flesch: 38
     summary: Within certain limits, both deflagration and detonation velocities grow for increasing apparent density p of the pressed explosive (Luebcke et al., 1995) or for decreasing particle sizes. For example, eyes are typically subject to serious lesions deriving from all blast mechanisms, as pointed out by other authors (Scott et al., 2015), who analysed ocular lesions in several cases of blasts both in conventional war and in IED.
    keywords: blast; chemical; classification; compounds; devices; et al; explosion; explosives; homemade; ieds; injuries; materials; process; safety; synthesis
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        item: #2250 of 7527
          id: cet-12294
      author: None
       title: cet-12294
        date: 2022-06-13
       words: 2732
      flesch: 47
     summary: Figure 2: General schemes of process wastewater stripping (left) and distillation (right) (Toth, 2015) Table 1 shows the composition of the process wastewater to be treated. Surveys show that many technologies are available for the treatment of chemical process wastewaters, but very few of them are widely used.
    keywords: aox; chemical; distillation; process; steam; stripping; toth; wastewater
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        item: #2251 of 7527
          id: cet-12295
      author: None
       title: cet-12295
        date: 2022-06-13
       words: 4128
      flesch: 38
     summary: Singhal, A., Kiremidjian, A. S.,1996, Method for probabilistic evaluation of seismic structural damage, Journal of Structural Engineering, 122, 1459–1467. Berahman, F., Behnamfar, F., 2007, Seismic fragility curves for un-anchored on-grade steel storage tanks: Bayesian approach, Journal of Earthquake Engineering, 11, 166–192. Campedel, M., 2008, Analysis of major industrial accidents triggered by natural events reported in the principal available chemical accident databases, JRC Scientific and Technical Reports.
    keywords: analysis; curves; damage; earthquake; fragility; plants; risk; roof; storage; tanks
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        item: #2252 of 7527
          id: cet-12296
      author: None
       title: cet-12296
        date: 2022-06-13
       words: 4573
      flesch: 46
     summary: Especially when it comes to defining the value of an ecosystem, as it is generally required in risk assessment approaches where decisions are justified on the basis of criticality calculations (that combine several dimensions, including the characterization of ecosystem importance). 2/ Following the logic of French methodological rules to produce achieve safety case, the hierarchy of ecosystem importance is a key parameter in the calculation of acceptability of a potential accident.
    keywords: accident; approach; ecosystems; environmental; pollution; problem; risk; substances; water
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        item: #2253 of 7527
          id: cet-12297
      author: None
       title: cet-12297
        date: 2022-06-13
       words: 3246
      flesch: 50
     summary: Several simulations of pedestrian evacuations have been made through the years, but they are mainly applied to a limited size environment. The problem of pedestrian evacuation on large scale implies a multiplicity of individuals self-organizing on a network to reach shelters.
    keywords: agent; alès; doi; environment; evacuation; model; multi; pedestrian; simulation
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        item: #2254 of 7527
          id: cet-12298
      author: None
       title: cet-12298
        date: 2022-06-13
       words: 4261
      flesch: 44
     summary: As discussed by Kallambettu and Viswanathan (2018) in some countries, including UK, regulatory authorities require the owners or operators to address the risks that arise from electrical equipment 211 failure and to have procedure to assure adequate operation and maintenance of electrical power systems and protection devices. It must be said that there is an overlap between the issue of deterioration of electrical systems in general and that of the functionality of electrical safety systems, regulated by the standard (IEC 61511), for which many documents are available in the technical literature.
    keywords: barriers; equipment; events; failures; power; process; reports; safety; seveso; systems
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        item: #2255 of 7527
          id: cet-12299
      author: None
       title: cet-12299
        date: 2022-06-13
       words: 4085
      flesch: 40
     summary: 2.1 Hydraulic characterization tests The permeability tests were carried out by circulating deionized water inside the hollow fibers with variable flow and pressure, to evaluate the quantity of water that permeates from the inside to the outside of the fiber according to the module and the operating conditions adopted. Nitrates are removed from contaminated water by molecular diffusion through the fibers, which allows them to reach and be metabolized by denitrifying microorganisms.
    keywords: biomass; diffusion; flow; membrane; nitrates; table; tests; water
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        item: #2256 of 7527
          id: cet-123
      author: TW
       title: cet-123
        date: 2017-10-04
       words: 3748
      flesch: 38
     summary: There is a need to develop a solar thermochemical water splitting cycle that can utilize both photonic and thermal part of solar energy with an integrated thermal energy storage system for longer and more resilient operation. Solar energy is collected with a new type of collectors proposed by Huang (2014).
    keywords: cycle; energy; hydrogen; process; reactor; sulfur; temperature; water
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        item: #2257 of 7527
          id: cet-1230
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - CET--006.docx
        date: 2017-07-25
       words: 3729
      flesch: 55
     summary: It is considered that the formation has good potential for shale gas exploration, it is a new reservoir for shale gas in southern China. ISBN978-88-95608- 49-5; ISSN 2283-9216 Geological and Geochemical Characteristics of Black Shale in Yanxi Formation of Middle Ordovician in Central Hunan Jie Lia,b, Jianhua Guo*a,b, Zongxiu Wangc, Zhanghu Wanga,b a School of Geoscience and info-Physics,Central South University ,Changsha 410083, China b Key Laboratory of Metallogenic Prediction of Nonferrous Metals and Geological Environment Monitoring (Central South University), Ministry of Education, Changsha 410083, China c Institute of geomechanics; Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Beijing 100081, China gjh796@csu.edu.cn The Middle Ordovician Yanxi Formation (O2y) in the central area of Hunan province with a set of organic-rich marine shales is having great potential for prospecting of shale gas.
    keywords: area; central; formation; gas; hunan; o2y; ordovician; organic; pore; shale; south
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        item: #2258 of 7527
          id: cet-12300
      author: None
       title: cet-12300
        date: 2022-06-13
       words: 4052
      flesch: 54
     summary: Fire tests were carried out with a simple fuel load such as heptane pool fire. This paper presents new experimental results obtained from fire tests carried out with heptane pool fire.
    keywords: fds; fire; fuel; heat; heptane; hrr; pool; pool fire; pressure
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        item: #2259 of 7527
          id: cet-12301
      author: None
       title: cet-12301
        date: 2022-06-13
       words: 3305
      flesch: 41
     summary: Barua S., Gao X., Pasman H., Mannan M.S., 2016, Bayesian network based dynamic operational risk assessment, Journal of Loss Prevention in the Process Industries, 41, 399 – 410. Bragatto P., Ansaldi S., Delle Site C., 2013, A pooled knowledge basis on pressure equipment failures to improve risk management in Italy, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 33, 433-438. 4. Results The gamma distribution (Eq. 2) has been chosen for the prior probability of failure data, whereas the likelihood function is generally well represented by the Poisson distribution (Eq. 3) (Sharaghi, 2008).
    keywords: approach; assessment; data; deterioration; equipment; failure; probability; release; risk
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        item: #2260 of 7527
          id: cet-12302
      author: None
       title: cet-12302
        date: 2022-06-13
       words: 3070
      flesch: 43
     summary: Figure 3: Total output and generated atmospheric impacts for avocado oil production in North Colombia. Figure 4: Total output and generated toxicological impacts for avocado oil production in North Colombia.
    keywords: avocado; environmental; extraction; impacts; oil; potential; process; production
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        item: #2261 of 7527
          id: cet-12303
      author: None
       title: cet-12303
        date: 2022-06-13
       words: 3686
      flesch: 45
     summary: This study seeks to evaluate the Creole-Antillean avocado oil production process (Laurus Persea L), taking advantage of the pulp of this fruit grown in the Montes de María region, the conversion of the pulp into oil was simulated in the Aspen plus software. The study of process stages is observed in figure 2A, where the highest exergy of residues occurs in the centrifugation stage, due to the amount of pulp residue that comes out of the process, which contains water, solvent, protein, ash, and a low portion of lipids.
    keywords: analysis; avocado; chemical; efficiency; exergy; extraction; oil; process; production; pulp; stage
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        item: #2262 of 7527
          id: cet-12304
      author: None
       title: cet-12304
        date: 2022-06-13
       words: 3177
      flesch: 44
     summary: In this study, the assembly of an avocado processing plant (Laurus Persea L) for the production of oil will be evaluated from the point of view of process safety, obtaining a product with added value. To close the chemical index, corrosiveness was defined regarding the selected material for equipment construction; considering that mild steel corrosion by fatty acids is negligible at ambient temperature (Chong, 2004), no special material is required for process equipment.
    keywords: avocado; chemical; equipment; extraction; index; max; oil; process; production; safety; safety index
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        item: #2263 of 7527
          id: cet-12305
      author: None
       title: cet-12305
        date: 2022-06-13
       words: 3508
      flesch: 42
     summary: Keywords: Health and safety management systems, Risk management, Risk assessment, Risks prevention. According to the study carried out by Santos et al, (2013) and consistent with Vinodkumar y Bhasi (2011), there are different benefits for small companies that implement Occupational Health and Safety Management Systems, among which the following stand out: improvement of working conditions, compliance with regulations and the generation of better internal communication for the worker about occupational risks.
    keywords: analysis; company; health; management; occupational; risk; safety; safety management; system; workers
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        item: #2264 of 7527
          id: cet-12306
      author: None
       title: cet-12306
        date: 2022-06-13
       words: 3290
      flesch: 33
     summary: (a) (b) Figure 1: (a) IIoT node prototype for indoor localization. One of the main objectives of the experimental characterization of indoor localization is to identify the anchors’ configuration needed to obtain a good accuracy (namely, localization error below 0.5 m) with the minimum number of UWB anchors in the environment, leveraging the additional information given by the IMU.
    keywords: anchors; base; data; figure; gnss; iiot; localization; rtk; safety; station; uwb
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        item: #2265 of 7527
          id: cet-12307
      author: None
       title: cet-12307
        date: 2022-06-13
       words: 3463
      flesch: 18
     summary: According to the performed auditing process, combining textile plant process and life cycle it is possible attaining a comprehensive performance profile for the protection of the global environment, especially by proper selecting the technologies at the design stage, not limiting the efforts to the conventional efforts towards CAPEX and OPEX reductions and to the local impact parameters. As amply known, the European Green Deal (EGD) outlined an action plan to boost the efficient use of resources towards clean circular economy, requiring actions on all sectors of the economy, e.g. including investing in environmentally-friendly innovative technologies, optimizing energy efficiency, improve plant and process safety and decarbonizing the energy sector (IPCC, 2005).
    keywords: analysis; efficiency; energy; european; plant; process; resource; textile; use; water
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        item: #2266 of 7527
          id: cet-12308
      author: None
       title: cet-12308
        date: 2022-06-13
       words: 2893
      flesch: 45
     summary: By using such models, a given input will always produce the same output. Recently, a methodology has been developed to estimate the residual lifetime of storage tanks and predict the progress of corrosion with the aim to optimize the management of the maintenance.
    keywords: inspection; interpolation; model; points; tank; thickness; value
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        item: #2267 of 7527
          id: cet-12309
      author: None
       title: cet-12309
        date: 2022-06-13
       words: 3059
      flesch: 39
     summary: Accordingly, dynamic probability distribution for the Top Events and the possible evolving scenarios are attained. Sustainability issues drive towards integration of risk and LCA (Vianello et al., 2022) and at the same time, transient operations behaviour is available for risk analysis and as shown by Osarogiagbon et al.
    keywords: assessment; bayesian; bow; bunkering; distribution; lng; process; risk; system; tie
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        item: #2268 of 7527
          id: cet-1231
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - CET--006.docx
        date: 2017-07-25
       words: 3631
      flesch: 60
     summary: In this paper, we study the strength and deformation characteristics of soil- rock mixture and the interaction of soil and rock. In the field experiment, the soil and stone mixture distributed in the right bank of the Luguangxia Longpan was DOI: 10.3303/CET1759165 Please cite this article as: Yuxu Zhang, 2017, Study on strength, deformation characteristics and interaction between soil and stone of soil- rock mixture, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 59, 985-990 DOI:10.3303/CET1759165 985 sampled, and the in-situ large-scale direct shear test was carried out under the natural condition and the immersion condition.
    keywords: breccias; rock mixture; soil; soil rock; stone; stone mixture; strength
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        item: #2269 of 7527
          id: cet-12310
      author: None
       title: cet-12310
        date: 2022-06-13
       words: 2968
      flesch: 38
     summary: The application of the extreme value theory (EVT), well known in the field of corrosion studies, would allow extrapolating the trend of the phenomenon to the bottom of a tank of which the simulation system is representative. ISBN 978-88-95608-89-1; ISSN 2283-9216 Influence of Operational Conditions on the Bottom Corrosion of Atmospheric Storage Tanks and Predicting Model Identification Maria Francesca Milazzoa,*, Elpida Piperopoulosa, Amani Khaskhoussia, Giuseppe Sciontia, Paolo Bragattob, Edoardo Proverbioa aDepartment of Engineering, University of Messina, Contrada di Dio, 98166 Messina, Italy bDepartment of Technological Innovation, INAIL Workers’ Compensation Authority, via Fontana Candida; Monteporzio Catone Italy mfmilazzo@unime.it The assessment of the integrity of atmospheric storage tanks supports in preventing the release of dangerous substances with serious consequences for humans and the environment.
    keywords: carbon; corrosion; figure; hydrocarbon; solution; specimens; steel; storage; tanks
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        item: #2270 of 7527
          id: cet-12311
      author: None
       title: cet-12311
        date: 2022-06-13
       words: 4063
      flesch: 52
     summary: Specific emphasis was given to methane-rich mixtures containing up to 20 %vol of hydrogen and pure hydrogen in view of possible implementation in national and international grids. Simulation analysis on the risk of hydrogen releases and combustion in subsea tunnels.
    keywords: flame; flow; gas; hydrogen; jet; methane; mixtures; pressure; rate; temperature
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        item: #2271 of 7527
          id: cet-12312
      author: None
       title: cet-12312
        date: 2022-06-13
       words: 2855
      flesch: 36
     summary: Therefore, implementing risk management must be imperative in order to comply with existing regulations, as in the case of a fishing company that implemented an occupational health and safety system based on Peruvian Law No. 29783 and managed to reduce the risk from an initial mean of 18 to a mean value of 6 (Miñan-Olivos S et al., 2020). en una empresa pesquera: Risk management implementing Peruvian law 29783 in a fishing company.
    keywords: activities; asparagus; control; management; measures; process; risk; safety
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        item: #2272 of 7527
          id: cet-12313
      author: None
       title: cet-12313
        date: 2022-07-08
       words: 3473
      flesch: 40
     summary: Aluminum sulfate is the most widely used coagulant for water treatment; There is little literature that demonstrates the optimal dose needed for wastewater treatment (Wan et al., 2019), this is a disadvantage because it is a potential risk to health and the environment at levels above 0.2 mg/L, according to Colombian regulations (Ospina Zúñiga & Cardona García, 2020) 3.3 Turbidity reduction for each coagulant Table 1 shows the percentage of turbidity reduction for each coagulant where it can be seen that the chemical coagulant has a higher value than the natural coagulants. 301 In recent years, interest in the operation and control of water treatment plants has increased due to increasingly stringent water quality regulations.
    keywords: aluminum; coagulants; ficus; health; opuntia; plants; sulfate; treatment; turbidity; wastewater; wastewater treatment
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        item: #2273 of 7527
          id: cet-12314
      author: None
       title: cet-12314
        date: 2022-06-13
       words: 3905
      flesch: 39
     summary: It should be noted that, for the company, the design of the Occupational Health and Safety Management System (OHSMS) will facilitate risk management and reduce the likelihood of occupational illnesses and accidents to which employees may be exposed. For the pharmaceutical marketing company under study, the Occupational Health and Safety Management System (OHSMS) design will facilitate risk management and identify opportunities to reduce the likelihood of occupational illnesses and accidents to which employees may be exposed.
    keywords: company; health; iso; management; risk; safety; system; work
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        item: #2274 of 7527
          id: cet-12315
      author: None
       title: cet-12315
        date: 2022-06-13
       words: 3091
      flesch: 31
     summary: The generation of alliances for collection with industrial companies is needed Percentage of usable waste: • Collect a more significant number of usable wastes for transformation • Reduce the amount of material in different environments • Greater profitability in waste collection and recovery Existence of organic and hazardous waste: https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003050186 Tadesse T., Admassu, M., 2006, Occupational health and safety, Ethiopia: Ethiopia Public Health Training Initiative, 2.
    keywords: company; health; management; ohsms; safety; system; waste; work; workers
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        item: #2275 of 7527
          id: cet-12316
      author: None
       title: cet-12316
        date: 2022-06-13
       words: 3161
      flesch: 32
     summary: Tabla 6 Accidents with temporary disability before and after OSHS implementation Before After Time (August to November 2017) Number of accidents with temporary incapacity Frequency of accidents with temporary incapacity (AF) index Time (February – April 2018) Number of accidents with temporary incapacity Frequency of accidents with temporary incapacity (AF) index 10 weeks 8 0.0741% 10 Weeks 1 0.009% 3.3 Implementation of Occupational Safety and Health Management System (OSHS) proposal The proposed improvement of the OSHS that was implemented in the company that resulted in the reduction of accidents at work. They often occur because of lack of a Safety and Health at Work management system (OSHS).
    keywords: accidents; company; health; implementation; management; monitoring; oshs; safety; system; work
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        item: #2276 of 7527
          id: cet-12317
      author: None
       title: cet-12317
        date: 2022-06-13
       words: 3792
      flesch: 55
     summary: The sharp increase in hydrogen temperature taking place within the superheater leads to a variation of its thermophysical properties. The purpose of these special containers is to protect the cryogen from the conductive, convective, and radiative heat transfer from the outside.
    keywords: heat; hydrogen; temperature; transfer; ∆𝐻𝑒𝑣𝑎 𝐻2; 𝑇𝐻2; 𝑇𝐻2 𝑇𝐻2
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        item: #2277 of 7527
          id: cet-12318
      author: None
       title: cet-12318
        date: 2022-06-13
       words: 4086
      flesch: 61
     summary: In the framework of design and installation of fire detection and fire alarm system in buildings, when high ceilings are involved, it is likely to run into the limits of the more common standards. BSI 5839-1:2017, Fire detection and fire alarm systems for buildings.
    keywords: + +; alarm; ceiling; detection; detectors; fire; heat; smoke; system
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        item: #2278 of 7527
          id: cet-12319
      author: None
       title: cet-12319
        date: 2022-06-13
       words: 3881
      flesch: 37
     summary: The encapsulation rate of OEO polymers is on average for all studied conditions equal to 67.4 %, while the corresponding rate of the polymers with flavomix is higher by 3.5 % and equal to 70.9 %. In addition, the two different concentrations of the antimicrobials (10 % and 20 %) decreased to a negligible degree Tm values (1.1 °C for OEO polymers and 0.3 Flavomix concentration (%) Screw Rotation speed (rpm)
    keywords: agents; flavomix; ldpe; oeo; polymers; screw; temperature; waste
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        item: #2279 of 7527
          id: cet-1232
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - CET--006.docx
        date: 2017-07-25
       words: 3154
      flesch: 52
     summary: Thus, the position of terminal mining line was determined reasonably. Thus, the position of terminal mining line was determined reasonably, and the influences of underground mining on the deformation failure of an open-pit slope were concluded.
    keywords: face; line; mining; open; slope; terminal; working
       cache: cet-1232.pdf
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        item: #2280 of 7527
          id: cet-12320
      author: None
       title: cet-12320
        date: 2022-06-13
       words: 3952
      flesch: 48
     summary: The minimum distance between the center of tubes or heaters and the refractory lining was also set at 420 mm, giving a diameter of the furnace equal to 3.36 m. Figure 2: a) Basic “hive” cell: Tubothal® heating elements: yellow; process fluid tubes: green; b) Arrangement of heating elements, process fluid tubes and fluid passes. Due to the symmetrical arrangement of process tubes and Tubothal® heating elements, the distances between their axis are 0.42, 0.727, or 1.111 m: the corresponding view factors are listed in Table 2.
    keywords: elements; furnace; heat; heating; process; tubes
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        item: #2281 of 7527
          id: cet-12321
      author: None
       title: cet-12321
        date: 2022-06-13
       words: 4066
      flesch: 35
     summary: In the manufacturing sector, Knoke and Thooben (2021) identify that the processes more addressed by VR training systems, either desktop, VR or augmented reality (AR), are assembling, cutting, welding, disassembling and liquid coating, motiving the choice with the more effective applicability. Based on these premises, training systems using immersive VR have been presented over the past years, addressing different applications in scientific literature and in commercial solutions.
    keywords: actuators; boiler; environment; equipment; learner; learning; safety; system; task; training
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        item: #2282 of 7527
          id: cet-12322
      author: None
       title: cet-12322
        date: 2022-06-13
       words: 3941
      flesch: 43
     summary: The Directive regulates the safety of road tunnels, establishing minimum requirements and identifying risk analysis as the analytical method for estimating the risk level of each tunnel, that basically consists of identifying the answers to the following three questions (Kaplan and Garrick,1981; Kaplan, 1997): • what could happen within the tunnel infrastructure? References Bassan, S., Overview of traffic safety aspects and design in road tunnels.
    keywords: accident; cbrn; emergency; event; exercise; life; response; risk; road; safety; transtun; tunnel
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        item: #2283 of 7527
          id: cet-12323
      author: None
       title: cet-12323
        date: 2022-06-13
       words: 4678
      flesch: 43
     summary: For this reason, the role of emergency response in risk management in the case of Natech accidents become crucial to effectively mitigate the consequences. The latter accidents, moreover, highlight some other criticalities in emergency response, as listed below: • Inadequate training for any emergency teams specific for the case of Natech accidents and related cascading events.
    keywords: accidents; earthquake; emergency; emergency response; events; fire; natech; response; safety
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        item: #2284 of 7527
          id: cet-12324
      author: None
       title: cet-12324
        date: 2022-06-13
       words: 4109
      flesch: 37
     summary: /-20% +/-30% Figure 1: (a) Flowchart of the method applied in the current study; (b) Parity plot comparing ballistic limit velocity (m/s) calculated with projectile perforation models (x-axis) with the one obtained in the experimental perforation tests (y-axis) for SC projectiles. According to perforation model P#07, if a FB2 projectile hits an atmospheric steel storage tank at muzzle velocity, perforation is possible till 3.2 mm, while for perforation model P#08 perforation is possible till 3.9 mm 370 (see Figure 2a).
    keywords: atmospheric; models; perforation; projectiles; storage; tanks; target; thickness; velocity
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        item: #2285 of 7527
          id: cet-12325
      author: None
       title: cet-12325
        date: 2022-06-13
       words: 3070
      flesch: 55
     summary: The factor for deliver absorption heat variation is 16.488 while the factor for COP is 7.2677. A review of absorption heat transformers.
    keywords: absorption; flow; heat; process; temperature; variation; water
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        item: #2286 of 7527
          id: cet-12326
      author: None
       title: cet-12326
        date: 2022-06-13
       words: 3556
      flesch: 44
     summary: Figure 1: a) Rhodamine B chemical structure; b) Rhodamine B solutions, in presence and absence of As. Preliminary laboratory tests were aimed to determine the limit of Arsenic concentration detectable by both the methods; the lower value of 1 μg L−1 was detected by chronopotentiometry, in good agreement with the required resolution of the measurement.
    keywords: arsenic; concentration; method; rhodamine; sample; solution; water
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        item: #2287 of 7527
          id: cet-12327
      author: None
       title: cet-12327
        date: 2022-06-13
       words: 4054
      flesch: 30
     summary: Offshore Oil&Gas fluid production installations may be the target of intentional malicious acts (security attacks) carried out by adversaries of different nature and different motivations which may generate major events with severe consequences on workers, the environment and the property. Introduction Offshore Oil&Gas operations, and in particular the fluid production sector, i.e. production of oil and/or gas from offshore wells, may be the target of intentional malicious acts (security attacks) performed by a wide range of adversaries which may be particularly attracted by the specific company profile (e.g. the case of multinational companies) or by the socio-political location of the target installation (Argenti et al., 2015).
    keywords: adversary; api; figure; offshore; oil&gas; operations; path; platform; security
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        item: #2288 of 7527
          id: cet-12328
      author: None
       title: cet-12328
        date: 2022-06-13
       words: 3647
      flesch: 33
     summary: In facts, LCA metrics are suited to the analysis of the whole environmental performance of the lifecycle system, which is only one of the aspects of concern in process design: they are not, alone, able to analyse the way energy and material are used within the specific process sections and the margins of improvement still available, given the physical (e.g. thermodynamics) constraints, which would require different metrics (e.g. exergy analysis). Early process design (e.g. conceptual design, technology selection, process development) is a key phase in the adoption of the sustainability perspective, as higher degrees of freedom for change are possible at low marginal costs (Sugiyama et al., 2008).
    keywords: activities; application; design; exergy; indicators; material; process; processes; production; reference; sustainability
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        item: #2289 of 7527
          id: cet-12329
      author: None
       title: cet-12329
        date: 2022-06-13
       words: 3651
      flesch: 52
     summary: The risk for individuals inflicted by natural hazard disasters differs based on societal vulnerability and exposure, and environmental conditions (ISDR, 2009). Nakhal Akel*a, Janna S. Hovstadb, Mathilde S. Ruthb, Stefano Parmeggianic, Riccardo Patriarcaa, Nicola Paltrinierib a Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy b Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway c ISPIRA ETS, Rimini, Italy antonio.nakhal@uniroma1.it Climate change has contributed to an increasing frequency and severity of natural hazards accidents over recent years, and the increasing trend is expected to continue and escalate.
    keywords: accidents; cluster; clustering; damage; data; deaths; disaster; hazards; impacts; number; risk
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        item: #2290 of 7527
          id: cet-1233
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - CET--006.docx
        date: 2017-07-25
       words: 3890
      flesch: 54
     summary: Chert samples in MDQ section shows that the SiO2 content ranges from 90.36 to 94.73%, with the average of 92.91%, AI2O3 content is in the range of 2.36~3.88%, the average is 2.73%, Fe2O3 content is from 0.61 to 1.21%, the average is 0.90%, Simples in MHP section showed SiO2 values (89.40~91.90%, average 90.76%) , AI2O3 values (2.47*9~4.42%, averaged 3.43%) and Fe2O3 values (0.72~1.71%, average 1.12%) , which represent that the terrigenous clastic content in these chert samples is very low . Table 1: Major element (%) and rare earth element data (10-6) of Middle Ordovician cherts in MDQ and MHP Item MHP MDQ 4 11 16 24 34 1 5 10 14 28 34 SiO2 89.95 91.90 90.39 89.40 91.67 93.48 94.07 92.53 90.36 92.27 94.73 AI2O3 4.42 2.81 2.74 4.42 2.47 2.44 2.53 2.75 3.88 2.36 2.39 Fe2O3 0.72 1.05 1.52 0.96 1.71 0.89 1.21 1.05 0.92 0.61 0.69 FeO 0.15 0.10 0.15 0.05 0.31 0.08 0.13 0.08 0.08 0.10 0.08 CaO 0.05 0.04 0.80 0.14 0.37 0.04 0.05 0.11 0.04 0.03 0.04 MgO 0.19 0.19 0.41 0.26 0.32 0.09 0.11 0.17 0.13 0.05 0.17 K2O 0.96 0.82 0.61 1.20 0.64 0.55 0.55 0.73 0.95 0.54 0.74 Na2O 0.12 0.08 0.10 0.09 0.08 0.34 0.29 0.29 0.39 0.05 0.09 TiO2 0.18 0.11 0.11 0.18 0.11 0.11 0.12 0.12 0.16 0.11 0.14 P2O5 0.03 0.02 0.04 0.05 0.03 0.03 0.04 0.03 0.04 0.03 0.02 MnO 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.01 0.03 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 LOI 0.50 0.41 0.34 0.51 0.40 0.28 0.46 0.30 0.49 0.40 0.28 Total 97.28 97.55 97.24 97.26 98.13 98.33 99.56 98.17 97.45 97.69 99.38
    keywords: area; basin; central; cherts; china; environment; hunan; mhp; middle; ordovician
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        item: #2291 of 7527
          id: cet-12330
      author: None
       title: cet-12330
        date: 2022-06-13
       words: 3354
      flesch: 42
     summary: The present accident reports are sometimes poorly defined when referring to causes, since accident analyses may focus on finding someone or something to blame: this situation leads to miss the opportunity to learn important lessons to improve system safety (Leveson, 2011). STAMP can lead to both the development or evaluation of safety management systems and the identification of leading indicators related to hazards, in order to improve decision-making domains and strengthen accidents/loss analyses.
    keywords: conditions; control; exchanger; heat; model; operation; parameters; process; safety; stamp; status; systems
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        item: #2292 of 7527
          id: cet-12331
      author: None
       title: cet-12331
        date: 2022-06-13
       words: 2882
      flesch: 52
     summary: The results revealed that PS boxes have zero GHG emission when they were disposed by real landfill or composting. The second objective was to assess the GWP impact and land use capacity of PLA-based boxes from cradle to grave based on 10% of total plastics waste or 2.22 105 t per year and disposal in scenario 2. Figures 4(a) and 4(b) showed the comparison of total GWP impact and land use capacity of PLA-based and PS boxes.
    keywords: gwp; impact; land; scenario; use; waste
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        item: #2293 of 7527
          id: cet-12332
      author: None
       title: cet-12332
        date: 2022-06-13
       words: 3285
      flesch: 47
     summary: Analysis on material viscosity at different testing temperatures was also performed to identify potential range of extruder temperatures, and limit printing attempts Finally, measurements of volatile organic compounds (VOC) emission have been conducted on thermally treated samples at temperatures of 70°C, In this framework, the study aimed to optimize the printing process of PLA-based filament by opportunely choosing technological parameters such as layer thickness, infill density, extruder temperature, and design pattern in view of reducing the used material and printing time, by checking the mechanical characteristics of final products.
    keywords: infill; layer; material; pla; printing; temperature; time
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        item: #2294 of 7527
          id: cet-12333
      author: None
       title: cet-12333
        date: 2022-06-13
       words: 3757
      flesch: 48
     summary: In this study, it was assumed that 5.2 % of this energy contributes to the shock wave as proposed by Molkov and Kashkarov (2015) for compressed gaseous hydrogen tanks explosions. Ustolin F., Paltrinieri N., Landucci G., 2020a, An innovative and comprehensive approach for the consequence analysis of liquid hydrogen vessel explosions, Journal of Loss Prevention in the Process Industries, 68, 104323.
    keywords: combustion; energy; explosion; hydrogen; lh2; overpressure; tank; wave
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        item: #2295 of 7527
          id: cet-12334
      author: None
       title: cet-12334
        date: 2022-06-13
       words: 3060
      flesch: 40
     summary: Chen D, Li Z., Miao W., Zhang Z., 2012, Effects of porosity and temperature on oxidation behaviour in air of selected nuclear graphites, Materials Transactions, 53, 1159-1163 Copelli S., Barozzi M., Fumagalli A., Derudi M., 2019, Application of a Gaussian model to simulate contaminants dispersion in industrial accidents, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 77, 799 - 804 Féron D., 2012, Overview of nuclear materials and nuclear corrosion science and engineering, Nuclear Corrosion Science and Engineering, 31-56 Inno4graph, n.d., Objectives & Results, Inno4graph <inno4graph.eu/objectives-results/> accessed 24.11.2021 Kane J.J., Contescu C.I., Smith R.E., Strydom G., Windes W.E., 2017, Understanding the reaction of nuclear graphite with molecular oxygen: Kinetics, transport, and structural evolution, Journal of Nuclear Materials 493, 343-367 Lu W., Li M.Y., Li X.W., Wu X.X., Sun L.B., Li Z.C., 2019, Experimental study on the oxidation behavior and microstructural evolution of NG-CT-10 and NG-CT-20 nuclear graphite, Nuclear Science Techniques, 30:165 Luo X., Robin J.C., Yu S., Effect of temperature on graphite oxidation behaviour, 2004, Nuclear Engineering and Design, 227, 273-280 Marsden B.J., 2001, Nuclear graphite for high temperature reactors, International Atomic Energy Agency, 177- 192 Matthews A.C., Kane J.J., Swank W.D., Windes W.E., 2021, Nuclear graphite strength degradation under varying oxidizing conditions, Nuclear Engineering and Design 379, 111245 Propp W.A., 1998, Graphite Oxidation Thermodynamics/Reactions, U.S. Department of Energy Smith R.E., Kane J.J., Windes W.E., 2021, Determining the acute oxidation behavior of several nuclear graphite grades, Journal of Nuclear Materials 545, 152648 Zhou X., Contescu C.I., Zhao X., Lu Z., Zhang J., Katoh Y., Wang Y., Liu B., Tang Y., Tang C., 2017, Oxidation Behavior of Matrix Graphite and Its Effect on Compressive Strength, Science and Technology of Nuclear Installations, 4275375 432 115mazzi.pdf Preliminary Study on Oxidation of Nuclear Grade Graphite In addition, oxidation tests are also necessary to assess the properties of the selected graphite to design a reactor since graphite can rapidly oxidise in the extremely unlikely case of air ingress during operation (Matthews et al., 2021) or in the case of chronic oxidation of graphite due to the presence of radiolytic products or impurities in the coolant.
    keywords: graphite; loss; oxidation; temperature; tests; weight
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        item: #2296 of 7527
          id: cet-12335
      author: None
       title: cet-12335
        date: 2022-06-13
       words: 3412
      flesch: 39
     summary: As a consequence, the apparent benefits of the one-pot DME synthesis may make this vector more convenient than methanol in terms of process safety, thus scoring a point against methanol when decision-making has to be performed among energy vectors processes in order to store additional renewable energy while employing captured CO2 in the frame of CCU. The latter route, avoiding several intermediate separation operations, appears promising from the process intensification viewpoint, thus favouring DME production with respect to methanol.
    keywords: assessment; co2; dme; energy; methanol; process; processes; production; safety; synthesis
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        item: #2297 of 7527
          id: cet-12336
      author: None
       title: cet-12336
        date: 2022-06-13
       words: 3848
      flesch: 45
     summary: Liquid hydrogen release consequences When released onto the ground, the cryogenic liquid initially flashes to gas due to the large temperature difference and the consequent heat transfer between the fluid and the ground surface. Liquid hydrogen (LH2) is an efficient solution to transport and store hydrogen onboard of large ships.
    keywords: air; concentration; hydrogen; label; lh2; liquid; model; oxygen; recall; release
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        item: #2298 of 7527
          id: cet-12337
      author: None
       title: cet-12337
        date: 2022-06-13
       words: 3739
      flesch: 48
     summary: CO2eq emissions per MWh are estimated from the perspective of energy generation with different types of fuel, considering the process of the life cycle stages of sugar cane bagasse, Figure 1, this biomass as fuel has emissions considered neutral, in the sense that the CO2 emitted in combustion has been previously absorbed from the atmosphere. The waste generation potential of sugarcane produced in Mexico has been identified and classified as: total potential, accessible potential, available potential, and energy potential.
    keywords: bagasse; biomass; energy; generation; mexico; mills; potential; power; residues; sugarcane; sugarcane bagasse
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        item: #2299 of 7527
          id: cet-12338
      author: None
       title: cet-12338
        date: 2022-06-13
       words: 3723
      flesch: 49
     summary: Their application to the assessment of the expected frequencies of release events due to pipeline damage is provided, enabling their comparison and the discussion of the relative strengths and weaknesses. Among the parameters listed, the MMI is used the least since its definition is not objective and it is not easy to accurately predict pipeline damage on its basis (Tsinidis et al., 2019).
    keywords: damage; earthquake; engineering; models; natech; pgv; pipelines; risk; vulnerability; water
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        item: #2300 of 7527
          id: cet-12339
      author: None
       title: cet-12339
        date: 2022-06-13
       words: 3664
      flesch: 47
     summary: 1. Introduction Traditional energy consumption, population density, urban agglomeration, infrastructure and transportation cause the reduction of air quality and are responsible for PM10, CO, CO2, SOX, NOX and volatile organic compounds, exposing the population to different air pollutants (Wang et al. 2019; Social restrictions improve environmental quality, reducing atmospheric emissions and consequently improving air quality (Cheng et al. 2020; Raffaelli et al. 2020; Dantas et al. 2020).
    keywords: air; city; concentration; gas; gases; lima; quality; quito; santiago
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        item: #2301 of 7527
          id: cet-1234
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - CET--006.docx
        date: 2017-07-25
       words: 2282
      flesch: 45
     summary: Calculate Raman frequency on the basis of optimized geometrical configuration (Jiangyan et. Raman spectra have more advantages compare with traditional SF6 decomposition products inspection technique.
    keywords: gas; raman; raman spectra; sf6; shift; spectra
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        item: #2302 of 7527
          id: cet-12340
      author: None
       title: cet-12340
        date: 2022-06-13
       words: 3263
      flesch: 34
     summary: The latter has demonstrated to be the best alternative for biodiesel production, mainly due to their high growth rate; therefore, numerous efforts are focused on achieving advances to allow the industrial production of biodiesel. The effects of alcohol to oil molar ratios and the type of alcohol on biodiesel production using transesterification process, Egyptian Journal of Petroleum, 25, 21–31. Peralta-Ruiz Y., González-Delgado A. D., Kafarov V., 2013, Evaluation of alternatives for microalgae oil extraction based on exergy analysis, Applied Energy, 101, 226–236. Peralta-Ruiz Y., Obregon L, Gonzalez-Delgado A., 2018, Design of biodiesel and bioethanol production process from microalgae biomass using exergy analysis methodology, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 70, 1045-1050.
    keywords: biodiesel; environmental; extraction; lipid; microalgae; pei; potential; production; stream; transesterification
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        item: #2303 of 7527
          id: cet-12341
      author: None
       title: cet-12341
        date: 2022-06-13
       words: 3053
      flesch: 41
     summary: Thus, this research evaluated the degree of vulnerability and risk in the cliffs of the Costa Verde in Lima - Peru, determining and identifying risk levels and scenarios. In accordance with the above, this research evaluated the evaluated the degree of vulnerability and risk in the different sections in the cliffs of the Costa Verde in Lima - Peru, determining and identifying risk levels and scenarios.
    keywords: area; cliffs; hazard; level; medium; risk; study; vulnerability; zone
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        item: #2304 of 7527
          id: cet-12342
      author: None
       title: cet-12342
        date: 2022-06-13
       words: 3856
      flesch: 54
     summary: Finally, it is concluded that social confinement by COVID-19 improves air quality and shows that urban control measures should be taken to reduce the concentration of air pollutants. During the pandemic, citizens were immobilized and different anthropic activities were paralyzed, reducing contamination by vapor and gas emissions, and consequently improving air quality.
    keywords: air; air quality; confinement; covid-19; pm2.5; quality; social; values
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        item: #2305 of 7527
          id: cet-12343
      author: None
       title: cet-12343
        date: 2022-06-13
       words: 3707
      flesch: 36
     summary: Finally, regarding materials recovery, the reuse of waste retrieved from various sources (Bain et al., 2010), the reuse of byproducts originated from manufacturing processes (Sellitto et al., 2021), the efficiency in the reverse logistics processes, which encompasses picking, warehousing, and distribution (Sellitto et al., 2013), and the efficiency in the manufacturing processes in the final destination are relevant aspects that should be managed in the operation of an EIPs (Yu et al., 2014). Some industries, such as power generation, cement, and steelmaking manufacturing use solid waste and energy leftovers from partner companies as raw material and secondary fuel to increase industrial efficiency (Sellitto et al., 2021).
    keywords: constructs; energy; et al; importance; performance; relationships; sellitto
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        item: #2306 of 7527
          id: cet-12344
      author: None
       title: cet-12344
        date: 2022-06-13
       words: 3415
      flesch: 45
     summary: DOI: 10.3303/CET2291082 Paper Received: 8 February 2022; Revised: 1 April 2022; Accepted: 13 May 2022 Please cite this article as: Tarcsay B.L., Nemeth S., Chovan T., Barkanyi A., 2022, Development of CFD Based Compartment Models for Analysing High Risk Processes, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 91, 487-492 DOI:10.3303/CET2291082 CHEMICAL ENGINEERING TRANSACTIONS VOL. While CFD methods can be used to characterize system behaviour (velocity fields, temperature and concentration gradients, etc.)
    keywords: algorithm; behavior; cfd; data; figure; flow; idealized
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        item: #2307 of 7527
          id: cet-12345
      author: None
       title: cet-12345
        date: 2022-06-13
       words: 3395
      flesch: 40
     summary: In this contribution, a novel quantitative methodology to perform a multi-risk assessment of Natech scenarios is presented together with an example of application to a case study. Natech scenarios considered in the QRA of the case study (VCE: vapour cloud explosion).
    keywords: figure; flood; hazard; lightning; natech; risk; scenarios; step
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        item: #2308 of 7527
          id: cet-12346
      author: None
       title: cet-12346
        date: 2022-06-13
       words: 4287
      flesch: 47
     summary: As part of a project to implement the biopiles ecotechnology for the treatment of soils polluted with hydrocarbons residues, within the framework of the program of national interest Sustainable use of the components of Biological Diversity in Cuba; arises the question of how to translate into design requirements, the main demands of the interested parties in the use of biopile ecotechnology as a resilient alternative to soils polluted with hydrocarbons wastes? Requirements Description Hydrocarbon’s concentration To establish the initial concentration of TPH in biopiles in the range: 50000>HTP> 6000 mg∙ kg-1 (maximum recommended value for biopile technology>
    keywords: biopile; design; level; qfd; requirements
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        item: #2309 of 7527
          id: cet-12348
      author: None
       title: cet-12348
        date: 2022-06-27
       words: 3242
      flesch: 49
     summary: From recorded pressure-time (P-t) histories, the plots of explosion pressure, Pex, and the rate of explosion pressure rise, (dP/dt)ex, versus fuel equivalence ratio were obtained. Experimental results show that, as the fuel equivalence ratio is increased, a transition occurs from a regime in which synergistic effects arise making the explosion behavior of ethanol-ethyl acetate more severe (i.e., making the rate of explosion pressure rise of ethanol-ethyl acetate higher) than both ethanol and ethyl acetate, to a regime in which, as a result of a completely different interaction between ethanol and ethyl acetate, the explosion behavior of their mixture is less severe than both the individual components.
    keywords: acetate; air; ethanol; ethyl; ethyl acetate; explosion; pressure
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        item: #2310 of 7527
          id: cet-12349
      author: None
       title: cet-12349
        date: 2022-06-13
       words: 3641
      flesch: 36
     summary: Table 2 – Risk assessment for critical scenarios using the risk matrix approach Scenario ID Scenario description V F C R 1 Jet fire from 1’’ (25.4 mm) hole 1.00 5 2 ALARP 2 Jet fire from 4’’ (101.6 mm) hole 0.86 5 3 High risk level For both scenarios, the frequency falls into the category 5, which means that a successful external attack is probable following the present qualitative classification. 521 7. Conclusions and future works In this work, an interdisciplinary approach to security scenarios was used for an integrated safety-security risk assessment with particular focus on the Maghreb region.
    keywords: approach; area; assessment; attack; context; maghreb; process; risk; scenario; security
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        item: #2311 of 7527
          id: cet-1235
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - CET--006.docx
        date: 2017-07-25
       words: 3410
      flesch: 53
     summary: Based on the prediction of residual deformation, through theoretical analysis and numerical simulation, this paper studies the adverse effect of surface residual deformation on the bridge and the damage of the bridge substructure. Zhu (2012) and (Guo et al., 2004; Guo et al., 2002) studied the mechanism of surface residual deformation, the stability of mined-out area ground and the deformation and damage law of buildings, but the researches on bridge are little.
    keywords: area; beam; bridge; deformation; force; scheme; subsidence; substructure; surface
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        item: #2312 of 7527
          id: cet-12350
      author: None
       title: cet-12350
        date: 2022-06-13
       words: 2578
      flesch: 39
     summary: 524 Table 2: HOFs Contributions to the recorded accidents Organizational Causative Factors Frequency % Human Error Mode Frequency % ①design of plant /equipment/system 167 16.53% ①operator error 199 37.41% ②Installation/construction 21 2.08% ②malicious intervention 5 0.94% ③process analysis 124 12.28% ③wilful disobedience /failure to carry out duties 19 3.57% ④maintenance/testing /inspecting/recording 124 12.28% Effect * Human Error 532 100.0% 47.326 32 0.040*
    keywords: consequences; effect; factors; human; site; site effect
       cache: cet-12350.pdf
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        item: #2313 of 7527
          id: cet-12351
      author: None
       title: cet-12351
        date: 2022-06-13
       words: 3958
      flesch: 47
     summary: The composition of the consortium guaranteed a great experience with human factors studies (HFC) as well as practical experience from nuclear operations and safety (MTO Safety). The following aspects were considered as control room system: 529 • trained plant operators (crew) • the operating manual (OM) defining the operational tasks of the crew, and • the integrated main human-machine interfaces, most notably the Process Information and Control System (PICS) as well as the Safety Information and Control System (SICS).
    keywords: aspects; control; factors; human; room; scenario; situation; study; task
       cache: cet-12351.pdf
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        item: #2314 of 7527
          id: cet-12352
      author: None
       title: cet-12352
        date: 2022-06-13
       words: 3936
      flesch: 46
     summary: Conclusions In the present paper, the Quantitative Risk Assessment (QRA) methodology and models have been implemented in studying LNG ship to ship bunkering. References Aneziris O.N., Koromila I.A., Nivolianitou Z., 2020, A systematic literature review on LNG safety at ports, Safety Science, 124, 104595.
    keywords: assessment; bunkering; consequences; damage; fire; lng; release; risk; safety; ship
       cache: cet-12352.pdf
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        item: #2315 of 7527
          id: cet-12353
      author: None
       title: cet-12353
        date: 2022-06-27
       words: 3385
      flesch: 50
     summary: For that reason, our research group decided to assess the possibility of reduction of sol-gel synthesis time by skipping gel aging step and investigate adsorption properties of resulted CNs towards heavy metals adsorption. In the present study we have explored an influence of modification of synthesis time (reduction of time of polymerization of gel and skipping gel maturation step) and temperature on size, properties, and adsorption capacities of resulting CNs.
    keywords: adsorption; carbon; gel; materials; sg-24; sg-3; synthesis; time
       cache: cet-12353.pdf
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        item: #2316 of 7527
          id: cet-12354
      author: None
       title: cet-12354
        date: 2022-06-13
       words: 3399
      flesch: 53
     summary: Van den Berg, A.C., van der Voort, M.M., Weerheijm, J., Versloot, N.H.A., 2004, Expansion-controlled evaporation: a safe approach to BLEVE blast, Journal of Loss Prevention in the Process Industries, Volume 17, 397–405. Hemmatian, B., Planas, E., & Casal, J., 2017, Comparative analysis of BLEVE mechanical energy and overpressure modelling.
    keywords: blast; bleve; energy; figure; level; liquid; overpressure; pressure; vessel
       cache: cet-12354.pdf
  plain text: cet-12354.txt

        item: #2317 of 7527
          id: cet-12355
      author: None
       title: cet-12355
        date: 2022-06-13
       words: 3759
      flesch: 56
     summary: One of those strategies, is the use of thermal runaway criteria in the design phase capable of predicting the thermal runaway in a system, therefore the safe and non-safe regions can be conducted for a specific initial and operating conditions of a chemical reaction process. Table 2: Summary of detection times(s) using thermal runaway criteria for different cooling failures Case study Final Cooling temperature Rate of temperature rise Time of failure (s) Detection time (s) (Divergence criterion) Detection time (s) (Thomas and Bowes) 1 76 1°C/ 20 s 2000 2051 2024 2 76 1°C/ 30 s 2000 2054 2021 3 78 1°C/ 20 s 2000 2065 2049 4 78 1°C/ 30 s 2000 2055 2023 5 78 1°C/ 40 s 2000 2078 2054 6 78 1°C/ 50 s 2000 2084 2056 556 Figure 2: Simulated results for case study 1.
    keywords: chemical; criteria; detection; reaction; runaway; temperature; time; 𝑇𝑟𝑒𝑓
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        item: #2318 of 7527
          id: cet-12356
      author: None
       title: cet-12356
        date: 2022-06-13
       words: 3203
      flesch: 51
     summary: Figure 6: Horizontal dispersion distances for different leak sizes as function of the Reynolds number of the leak It is possible to note that higher Reynolds numbers can be associated with higher values of the plume dispersion distance, following a nearly linear relationship for each set of points. It shows that, like what happened with the rising times, the initial fountain heights are equivalent for the same leaks’ Reynolds number, irrespective of the leak size.
    keywords: air; fountain; gas; leak; number; plume; reynolds
       cache: cet-12356.pdf
  plain text: cet-12356.txt

        item: #2319 of 7527
          id: cet-12357
      author: None
       title: cet-12357
        date: 2022-06-13
       words: 3671
      flesch: 55
     summary: Via Marzolo 9, 35131 Padova, Italia c Unisafe S.r.l., Via Paruta 31/a, 30172 Venezia-Mestre, Italia paolo.mocellin@unipd.it The data about illegal activities connected to the waste cycle refer to an alarming situation linked to the development of waste fires in Italy and the world in the last few years. The authorities monitor criminal actions, but accidental causes can also trigger waste fires.
    keywords: data; figure; fire; flames; matrix; paper; pile; properties; simulation; study; waste
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        item: #2320 of 7527
          id: cet-12358
      author: None
       title: cet-12358
        date: 2022-06-13
       words: 3623
      flesch: 38
     summary: Han K., Ruan L., 2020, Effects of indoor plants on air quality: a systematic review, Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 26, 16019–16051. Kim K.J., Mi J.K., Jeong S.S., Eun H.Y., Son K., Kays S., 2008, Efficiency of Volatile Formaldehyde Removal by Indoor Plants: Contribution of Aerial Plant Parts versus the Root Zone, Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science, 133, 521-526. Kim K.W., Khalekuzzaman M.D., Suh J.N., Hyeon J.K., Shagol C., Kim H.H., Kim H.J., 2018, Phytoremediation of volatile organic compounds by indoor plants: a review, Horticulture, Environment, and Biotechnology, 59(10),143-157. These pioneering studies quantified the VOC removal capacity of a group of plant species for the first time, providing the basis for the following empirical research on this subject.
    keywords: abatement; air; database; methodology; plant; removal; results; species; voc
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        item: #2321 of 7527
          id: cet-12359
      author: None
       title: cet-12359
        date: 2022-06-13
       words: 3702
      flesch: 39
     summary: They define five data quality attributes that could be extracted from existing metadata to be specified by the user, providing a guide to address the issue of filtering relevant information from social media messages. The main aim of this study is to verify the overall effectiveness of the CPES model implemented in the EDSS platform using social media messages produced during the platform deployment tests.
    keywords: emergency; information; media; messages; model; risk; system; typology
       cache: cet-12359.pdf
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        item: #2322 of 7527
          id: cet-1236
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - CET--006.docx
        date: 2017-07-25
       words: 2542
      flesch: 45
     summary: 1016 Figure 1: Polarized-light micrographs of mesophase pitches at different treatment temperatures and holding times for coal-tar pitch reaction/°C (a)295°C-6h; (b)310°C-5h; (c) 320°C-5h; (d) 330°C-5h; (e) 345°C-5h; (f) 360°C-2h The yield and softening point variations of the mesophase in the polymerization process are further analyzed, and the temperature-induced changes to the yield and softening point in the experiment are shown in Figures 2 & 3, respectively. 1017 Table 3: Yield, softening point and content of mesophase pitch
    keywords: coal; doi; heat; mesophase; pitch; point; softening; temperature
       cache: cet-1236.pdf
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        item: #2323 of 7527
          id: cet-12360
      author: None
       title: cet-12360
        date: 2022-06-13
       words: 3894
      flesch: 53
     summary: Therefore, in this study, the impact of chitosan and nano SiO2 mixture to microorganisms causing spoilage postharvest guava was carried out with the purpose to find out the suitable concentration of chitosan and nano SiO2 for postharvest guava preservation that would broaden the fresh fruits consuming markets as well as facilitate abroad export. Testing of antibacterial activity of nano SiO2 and LMW chitosan mixture in vitro The outcome of the antibacterial ability of the LMW chitosan alone or in the combination of and nano SiO2 on E. coli, Azotobacter sp., B. subtilis are shown in Table 1 and Figure 3.
    keywords: chitosan; guava; kda; lmw; mixture; nano; nano sio2; sio2
       cache: cet-12360.pdf
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        item: #2324 of 7527
          id: cet-12361
      author: None
       title: cet-12361
        date: 2022-06-13
       words: 3652
      flesch: 50
     summary: The pores indicate that SB is mesoporous, which leads to high MB adsorption with minimal resistance to diffusion (Ahmed et al., 2019). 3.3 Effect of contact time and adsorbent dose on adsorption of MB The performance of MB adsorption was studied using adsorbent dosage of 0.5 g and 1 g with a contact time of 45 minutes and 60 minutes.
    keywords: adsorbent; adsorption; et al; removal; sludge
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        item: #2325 of 7527
          id: cet-12362
      author: None
       title: cet-12362
        date: 2022-06-13
       words: 3092
      flesch: 47
     summary: Figure 1 shows the main quality indices for olive oil as set by the International Olive Council (2019) in unfiltered and different filtered oils. PV, which is an index of the primary oxidation products of olive oil, also increased in both filtered oils.
    keywords: chemical; compounds; filtration; gravity; oil; oils; olive; systems; voo
       cache: cet-12362.pdf
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        item: #2326 of 7527
          id: cet-12363
      author: None
       title: cet-12363
        date: 2022-06-13
       words: 3582
      flesch: 45
     summary: The objective of this work was to evaluate biodiesel production in a hydrodynamic cavitation reactor using WCO. The reaction time was less than 10 minutes for all conditions, indicating a breakthrough for biodiesel production.
    keywords: biodiesel; cavitation; koh; oil; production; reaction; reactor; yield
       cache: cet-12363.pdf
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        item: #2327 of 7527
          id: cet-12364
      author: None
       title: cet-12364
        date: 2022-06-13
       words: 2707
      flesch: 49
     summary: The optimal pH, stirring speed, residence time and Mg:P ratio were found to be 9.5, 90 rpm, 24 min and 1.5 respectively. The key parameters of struvite crystallisation that were investigated are Mg:P ratio, pH, residence time and stirring speed (Seodigeng, Tshilenge and Rutto, 2021).
    keywords: effect; ratio; residence; time; urine; yield
       cache: cet-12364.pdf
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        item: #2328 of 7527
          id: cet-12365
      author: None
       title: cet-12365
        date: 2022-06-13
       words: 3841
      flesch: 49
     summary: Ibrahim N.A., Zaini M.A.A., 2017, Splvent selection in microwave assisted extraction of castor oil, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 56, 865–870. Veggi P.C., Martinez J., Meireles M.A.A., 2013, Fundamentals of microwave extraction, Eds.
    keywords: compounds; extraction; extracts; maceration; microwave; olive; phenolic; products
       cache: cet-12365.pdf
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        item: #2329 of 7527
          id: cet-12366
      author: None
       title: cet-12366
        date: 2022-06-13
       words: 4214
      flesch: 54
     summary: With this aim, different operations have been evaluated, such as maceration, Soxhlet extraction (Köszegi et al., 2015), ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) (Xu et al., 2017), microwave- assisted extraction (MAE) (Ince et al., 2014), and extraction under supercritical conditions (Sajfrtová et al., 2005).The high energy costs, the use of toxic solvents in some cases (Chen et al., 2020), and the need for equipment that is difficult to scale-up are especially complex. The application of hydro-cavitation has been studied and is considered an extraction method that can be applied on an industrial scale due to its low cost and high efficiency (Cravotto et al., 2021).
    keywords: carotenes; cavitation; chlorophyll; et al; ethanol; extraction; hydro; nettle
       cache: cet-12366.pdf
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        item: #2330 of 7527
          id: cet-12367
      author: None
       title: cet-12367
        date: 2022-06-13
       words: 3153
      flesch: 53
     summary: The third restriction is subject to the sum of the average collection time for each litter of WCO produced at each collection point j to transport to the plant of origin i must be less than the maximum time available for the journey from the point of origin i up to collection points j for all collection points. Different laws of WCO resources are the main issues, such as the penalty and, rewarding mechanisms, and the kitchen waste disposal fee systems (Jiang et al.,2015).
    keywords: collection; doi; liters; oil; optimization; points; waste; wco
       cache: cet-12367.pdf
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        item: #2331 of 7527
          id: cet-12368
      author: None
       title: cet-12368
        date: 2022-06-13
       words: 3129
      flesch: 47
     summary: For turbulent flow, �̅� could replace 𝑣, the suspension density 𝜌𝑠 replaced the particle density 𝜌𝑝 , Eq(7) would be: �̅� = 𝑘1́(𝜌𝑠 − 𝜌) (8) 632 A comparison between Eq(8) and (3) gave the anticipation that a linear relationship with negative slope governed Eq(8). The detection of suspension density is illustrated in Figure 4 a. It could be noticed the increase of the density with the axial dimension of the hydrocyclone according to equation (13).
    keywords: density; engineering; figure; hydrocyclone; inlet; precipitation; suspension; velocity
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        item: #2332 of 7527
          id: cet-12369
      author: None
       title: cet-12369
        date: 2022-06-13
       words: 3459
      flesch: 36
     summary: Green purchasing in the construction industry was studied through extensive literature analysis and a questionnaire survey. The regulators and policymakers, statutory bodies, government-linked corporations (GLCs), construction companies and suppliers might find these factors beneficial in improving green purchasing.
    keywords: adoption; companies; construction; et al; malaysia; management; purchasing; study
       cache: cet-12369.pdf
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        item: #2333 of 7527
          id: cet-1237
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - CET--006.docx
        date: 2017-07-25
       words: 2882
      flesch: 44
     summary: The results agree with findings in the research of rotating pipe flow that pipe rotation leads to attenuation of turbulent transport (Imao et al., 1996). However, in the research of rotating pipe flow, it has been proved that rotating pipe had a significant effect on turbulence transfer, velocity distribution and friction loss (Imao et al., 1996).
    keywords: figure; flow; hydrocyclone; pipe; rotation; separation; velocity
       cache: cet-1237.pdf
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        item: #2334 of 7527
          id: cet-12370
      author: None
       title: cet-12370
        date: 2022-06-13
       words: 3836
      flesch: 51
     summary: Dutta, K., & Kundu, P. P., 2018, Introduction to microbial fuel cells, Progress and recent trends in microbial fuel cells, 1-6. Hamed, M. S., Majdi, H. S., & Hasan, B. O., 2020, Effect of electrode material and hydrodynamics on the produced current in double chamber microbial fuel cells, ACS omega, 5(18), 10339-10348. In this context, microbial fuel cells (MFCs) applied in the treatment of wastewater used as substrate (Singh and Krishnamurthy, 2019) is a promising alternative to generate clean energy, and is a potential solution to the energy crisis (Chin et al., 2021).
    keywords: cells; cod; energy; esa; fuel; graphite
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        item: #2335 of 7527
          id: cet-12371
      author: None
       title: cet-12371
        date: 2022-06-13
       words: 3271
      flesch: 40
     summary: However, although organisations often like to be given an overall score, it would not be meaningful as can be clearly seen in Figure 4: while some of the elements achieve reasonable maturity levels (e.g., asset integrity and reliability) others have ample room for improvement (e.g., operations discipline, process safety culture or workforce involvement). And especially low scores in: Conduct of operations-Operations discipline, Process safety culture, Workforce involvement.
    keywords: assessment; change; culture; management; process; safety; workstream
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        item: #2336 of 7527
          id: cet-12372
      author: None
       title: cet-12372
        date: 2022-06-29
       words: 2835
      flesch: 46
     summary: while Inga nobilis coagulant showed 14.81% of color removal and 51.28% of turbidity removal, in Treatment 2. 5 4. Conclusions Considering the results found in this work, color and turbidity removal using Macrolobium acaciifolium coagulant presented the best results in Treatment 3, with removal percentage of 39.33% and 78.72%, respectively.
    keywords: coagulant; color; inga; macrolobium; nobilis; removal; seeds; treatment; water
       cache: cet-12372.pdf
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        item: #2337 of 7527
          id: cet-12373
      author: None
       title: cet-12373
        date: 2022-06-29
       words: 3190
      flesch: 54
     summary: Temmerman et al. (2013) applied the Rittinger law to model specific energy requirements on particle size for hammer milled wood chips at five different moistures. Nevertheless, the theory offers Bond, Rittinger, or Kick comminution laws to model specific energy requirements dependent on material behaviour, particle size characteristics and size reduction principle.
    keywords: biomass; demand; energy; model; moisture; particle; size; straw; wheat
       cache: cet-12373.pdf
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        item: #2338 of 7527
          id: cet-12374
      author: None
       title: cet-12374
        date: 2022-06-29
       words: 3596
      flesch: 37
     summary: Indeed, while activated sudge and digestate showed higher performances at pH 7.5, the acidogenic fermentate showed higher acetate production rate and hydrogen consuming efficiency at pH 5.5. Wang Q., Wei W., Gong Y., Yu Q., Li Q., Sun J., Yuan Z., Technologies for reducing sludge production in wastewater treatment plants: State of the art, Science of the Total Environment.
    keywords: acetate; co2; digestate; methane; production; rate; sludge; treatment
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        item: #2339 of 7527
          id: cet-12375
      author: None
       title: cet-12375
        date: 2022-06-29
       words: 3261
      flesch: 53
     summary: HTC liquid residues showed a chemical oxygen demand of 9550, 15560 and 9880 mgO2/L for SSD, OFD and AWD respectively. C700 system is capable of promoting dewaterability of sludge residues, producing solid residues (hydrochars) upon centrifugation of HTC slurries with improved phosphorus content.
    keywords: c700; htc; plant; residues; sludge; waste; wt%; ±0.1
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        item: #2340 of 7527
          id: cet-12376
      author: None
       title: cet-12376
        date: 2022-06-29
       words: 3361
      flesch: 43
     summary: Lastly, for comparison, one adsorbent was selected to test lipids purification after extraction using hexane, instead of ethanol. Figure 1: Chromatographic column packed with bentonite for lipids purification: before (a) and after (b) elution using chloroform.
    keywords: bentonite; biomass; column; extraction; hexane; lipids; microalgae; purification
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        item: #2341 of 7527
          id: cet-12377
      author: None
       title: cet-12377
        date: 2022-06-29
       words: 3575
      flesch: 54
     summary: It shows that latex can detect the existence of heavy metal ions even in water samples and/or solutions containing multiple types of heavy metals. The intensity of color was observed using different concentrations of heavy metal solutions, changing the pH of the solutions, varying the number of latex dosages and solutions containing the different types of ions.
    keywords: change; color; detecting; latex; metal; paper; ppm; solutions; strip
       cache: cet-12377.pdf
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        item: #2342 of 7527
          id: cet-12379
      author: None
       title: cet-12379
        date: 2022-06-29
       words: 3134
      flesch: 61
     summary: 2.4 Retsch AS200 One of the oldest methods still used widely for particle size analysis is sieving. Conclusions In the case of particle size distribution analysis of spherical particles using equivalent diameters, it is clear that the measurement method chosen does not significantly affect the results, and that the measuring can be considered to be equal.
    keywords: analysis; distribution; material; particle; results; size
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        item: #2343 of 7527
          id: cet-1238
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - CET--006.docx
        date: 2017-07-25
       words: 3542
      flesch: 38
     summary: Related research started as early as 1913 when Dolezalek found static charge occurred with the fluid flow in the study of the flow characteristics of benzene and ether in the metal tube, then in the petroleum industry people also observed the phenomenon of oil flow electrification. There are various theoretical models of streaming electrification in which the mechanism of oil flow electrification has not yet formed a unified and convincing understanding.
    keywords: charge; electrification; electrostatic; flow; method; oil; oil flow; pipeline; research; streaming
       cache: cet-1238.pdf
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        item: #2344 of 7527
          id: cet-12380
      author: None
       title: cet-12380
        date: 2022-06-29
       words: 3351
      flesch: 47
     summary: Furthermore, the three-stage system allows obtaining high proteins and pigments separation efficiencies in the intermediate phase and bottom phase, respectively. Phase 29 7 8 - - - Bottom Phase 6 8 57 11 11 11 Second Stage Top Phase 45 92 20 82 82 82 Int.
    keywords: atps; carbohydrates; chlorella; lipids; phase; proteins; separation; stage; system
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        item: #2345 of 7527
          id: cet-12381
      author: None
       title: cet-12381
        date: 2022-06-29
       words: 4170
      flesch: 50
     summary: Hence, by considering the potential use of WWs as media for microalgae cultivation, such as dairy wastewater (DWW), brewery wastewater (BWW), oil wastewater (OWW), and sugarcane molasses effluent (MOL), the effect of different organic wastes from food industry on C. vulgaris lipid production is reported in this study. Fatty acids methyl ester profile (a) and general characteristics of fatty acids (b) of C.vulgaris 58 3.3 Biodiesel properties based on FAME profile The possibility of using the FAMEs profile for C. vulgaris cultivated under organic media to evaluate the feasible production of biodiesel was further investigated by taking advantage of the software Biodiesel Analyzer© Ver. 2.2.
    keywords: biodiesel; biomass; bww; control; dww; growth; l-1; media; microalgae; production; vulgaris; wastewater
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        item: #2346 of 7527
          id: cet-12382
      author: None
       title: cet-12382
        date: 2022-06-29
       words: 2985
      flesch: 44
     summary: Despite the presence of acetic acid in the reactor effluent, it is considered a good route for the generation of H2 because stoichiometrically, it has a better performance in terms of hydrogen production, as presented in equation one, where the stoichiometric ratio of acetic acid is shown. Hernández A., Rodríguez M., Yves A., 2014, Use of coffee mucilage as a new substrate for hydrogen production in anaerobic co-digestion with swine manure, Bioresource Technology, 168, 112-118. Hernández M., González A, Suarez F., Ochoa C., Candela A., Cabeza I., 2018, Assessment of the biohydrogen production potential of different organic residues in Colombia: Cocoa waste, pig manure, and coffee mucilage, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 65, 247-252.
    keywords: biohydrogen; colombia; energy; fermentation; hydrogen; process; production; substrates
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        item: #2347 of 7527
          id: cet-12383
      author: None
       title: cet-12383
        date: 2022-06-29
       words: 3785
      flesch: 47
     summary: Hydrochar energy content (black) and furfural concentration (red) as a function of process time. Dynamics of selected chemical in FIR process waters.
    keywords: biomass; energy; htc; liquid; min; process; reactor; straw; time
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        item: #2348 of 7527
          id: cet-12384
      author: None
       title: cet-12384
        date: 2022-06-29
       words: 2938
      flesch: 47
     summary: As such, it is a maximal coverage location problem (MCLP), which can be defined as per the following mathematical model in Eq(3-5) (Church and ReVelle, 1974): Maximise ∑ (𝐸𝑖 ∗ 𝐵𝑖 ) 𝑛 𝑖=1 Subject to: ∑ 𝑆𝑗𝑗∊𝑁𝑖 ≥ 𝐵𝑖 ∀𝑖 (Accounts for biomass supply sites within the biorefinery coverage) ∑ 𝑆𝑗𝑗 = 1 (Only 1 biorefinery site to be selected) Decision variables: Sj = { 1, 𝑖𝑓 𝑐𝑎𝑛𝑑𝑖𝑑𝑎𝑡𝑒 𝑏𝑖𝑜𝑟𝑒𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑒𝑟𝑦 𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑒 𝑗 𝑖𝑠 𝑠𝑒𝑙𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑒𝑑 0, 𝑜𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑤𝑖𝑠𝑒 Bi = { 1, 𝑖𝑓 𝑏𝑖𝑜𝑚𝑎𝑠𝑠 𝑠𝑢𝑝𝑝𝑙𝑦 𝑖 𝑖𝑠 𝑤𝑖𝑡ℎ𝑖𝑛 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑐𝑜𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑔𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑏𝑖𝑜𝑟𝑒𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑒𝑟𝑦 𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑒 𝑗 0, 𝑜𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑤𝑖𝑠𝑒 Where, i: is the set of biomass supply sites.
    keywords: biomass; biorefinery; candidate; criteria; energy; network; qatar; site; supply
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        item: #2349 of 7527
          id: cet-12385
      author: None
       title: cet-12385
        date: 2022-06-29
       words: 3254
      flesch: 46
     summary: However, for the xylose production, higher temperature levels accompanied by a higher level of time decrease its production. The xylose formation was higher when higher temperature levels and lower time levels were studied (Figure 3-b).
    keywords: acid; bagasse; conversion; hemicellulose; pretreatment; production; temperature; time; variables; xylose; yield
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        item: #2350 of 7527
          id: cet-12386
      author: None
       title: cet-12386
        date: 2022-06-29
       words: 3814
      flesch: 53
     summary: 36570-900, Viçosa, MG, Brazil bDepartment of Agronomy, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 36570-900, Viçosa, MG, Brazil rteofilo@ufv.br The reuse study of niobium phosphate catalyst (NbOPO4.nH2O, abbreviated as NbP) in furfural production from sugarcane bagasse (SCB) in an aqueous medium is the aim of this project. Pholjaroen B., Li, N., 2013, Dehydration of xylose to furfural over niobium phosphate catalyst in biphasic solvent system, Journal of Energy Chemistry, 22, 826–832. 90 36esposito.pdf Study on the Reuse of the Catalyst NbOPO4.nH2O in the Conversion of Sugarcane Biomass into Furfural
    keywords: catalyst; furfural; groups; pretreatments; value; variation; xylose
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        item: #2351 of 7527
          id: cet-12387
      author: None
       title: cet-12387
        date: 2022-06-29
       words: 3127
      flesch: 42
     summary: Considering H2 concentration values higher than 0.1 mmol/L the hydrogen can move from liquid phase to gas phase and not the other way around. Maximum acetic acid concentration increases from 4.8 g/L to 6.6 g/L for an H2 concentration of 0.3 mmol/L. Globally, the effect of the increasing of H2 concentration is positive for each one acetic acid yield and maximum concentration, increasing CO concentration the maximum acetic acid concentration increase, but the acetic acid yield decreases because of the ratio between the reaction rate (1) and (2), so if CO concentration increases also the H2 concentration has to increase, if not more CO2 is produced by reaction (1).
    keywords: acid; concentration; fermentation; liquid; mass; syngas; transfer; values
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        item: #2352 of 7527
          id: cet-12388
      author: None
       title: cet-12388
        date: 2022-06-29
       words: 3920
      flesch: 56
     summary: Because bark is a common byproduct of the wood processing industry, these findings indicating similar quality biocrude from biomass containing bark are promising for sustainable production of biofuels by HTL. Chen et al., 2019, Gupta et al., 2015) 1595 C=O stretching.
    keywords: bark; biomass; crude; et al; liquefaction; phase; samples; wood
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        item: #2353 of 7527
          id: cet-12389
      author: None
       title: cet-12389
        date: 2022-06-29
       words: 2745
      flesch: 42
     summary: The rate of lead removal and the metabolic activity of the culture was determined over a period of 4 d. The conventional methods of lead removal include but are not limited to ion exchange, electro-winning, electro- coagulation, cementation, adsorption, and chemical precipitation (Ida and Eva, 2021).
    keywords: consortium; l-1; lead; pb(ii; pneumoniae; precipitation; reactors; removal
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        item: #2354 of 7527
          id: cet-1239
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - CET--006.docx
        date: 2017-07-25
       words: 3056
      flesch: 52
     summary: It is rarely reported that the steady laminar flamelet model is used to study the flow field of liquid fuel, so the simulation of a cavity scramjet experiment with kerosene fuel by Pan (Pan et al., 2011) was performed to explore DOI: 10.3303/CET1759173 Please cite this article as: Dongchao Yang, Weibing Zhu, Hong Chen, 2017, Research on the application of steady laminar flamelet model used in two-phase supersonic combustion, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 59, 1033-1038 DOI:10.3303/CET1759173 1033 the feasibility, the accuracy and computational efficiency of the method, and expand the range of the flamelet model in supersonic turbulent diffusion combustion, aiming to solve the large amount of calculation problem in the two-phase supersonic combustion numerical study. There are mainly two kinds of method to solve such problems: first one is to simplify the complex reaction mechanism into one-step reaction (Zhou et al., 2007), or two-step reactions(Wang and Hou, 2007; Xu and Cai, 2002), but the over- simplified chemical reaction mechanism will reduce the accuracy of combustion simulation; and the second one is to use High Performance Computer to complete scramjet flow simulation with multi-step reactions
    keywords: combustion; figure; flamelet; flow; laminar; model; reaction; simulation; temperature
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        item: #2355 of 7527
          id: cet-12390
      author: None
       title: cet-12390
        date: 2022-06-29
       words: 3267
      flesch: 53
     summary: Their conclusions suggest deeper studies in the field of the non-ideal behavior of mixtures during membrane separation. The experiments were performed using a laboratory unit for membrane separation of gases Ralex GSU-LAB- 200 (manufactured by MemBrain) with interchangeable modules.
    keywords: co2; membrane; permeate; pressure; process; selectivity; separation
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        item: #2356 of 7527
          id: cet-12391
      author: None
       title: cet-12391
        date: 2022-06-29
       words: 3862
      flesch: 44
     summary: As for the integrated configuration, higher biomass production costs are observed. This lower price leads to a lower participation of biomass costs in the overall production expenses, although sugarcane bagasse prices can vary considerably depending on the intensity of the dry season and the opportunity costs of electricity generation in the context of Brazilian mills.
    keywords: biomass; btl; configuration; costs; emissions; fuel; plant; production; standalone; sugarcane
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        item: #2357 of 7527
          id: cet-12392
      author: None
       title: cet-12392
        date: 2022-06-29
       words: 3521
      flesch: 48
     summary: The difference between the current recycling rate and target is largest for plastic packaging waste as shown in Table 1. 2.1 System boundaries and data description MSW consists of household waste and household-like C&I waste that is gathered via door-step collection in separate containers for mixed, paper, food, and plastic packaging wastes.
    keywords: flow; oslo; packaging; plastic; rate; recycling; waste
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        item: #2358 of 7527
          id: cet-12393
      author: None
       title: cet-12393
        date: 2022-06-29
       words: 3658
      flesch: 42
     summary: Mazzelli, A., Cicci, A., Sed, G., Bravi, M., 2018, Development of a semi-theoretical light radiation and photosynthetic growth model for the optimal exploitation of wastewaters by microalgae, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 64, 685-690. However, even in closed photobioreactors, production forecasting and optimization is challenging because microalgae growth depends on a number of parameters, including radiation, temperature, nutrients availability 127 as well as on certain inhibitory conditions (e.g. excess of oxygen).
    keywords: chemical; concentration; flow; growth; microalgae; model; process; rate; species
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        item: #2359 of 7527
          id: cet-12394
      author: None
       title: cet-12394
        date: 2022-06-29
       words: 3567
      flesch: 47
     summary: The first 3 steps include evaluation of the effect of temperature, pressure, and initial glycerol composition for both Gibbs energy minimization and entropy maximization under supercritical conditions. Evaluation of the reaction under subcritical conditions The study under subcritical conditions was conducted in a temperature range of 500 to 600 K, pressures between 180 and 260 bar, and initial glycerol composition between 2.5% and 20% wt.
    keywords: composition; conditions; glycerol; initial; pressure; production; reaction; temperature
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        item: #2360 of 7527
          id: cet-12395
      author: None
       title: cet-12395
        date: 2022-06-29
       words: 3623
      flesch: 45
     summary: The maximum selenite removed from the aerobic batch reactors was 68 %, and this was after 72 h. The optimum pH, temperature, and initial selenite concentrations for bacterial growth and selenite reduction conditions were determined for anaerobic batch reactors. 2.4 Batch reduction experiments Batch experiments were conducted under aerobic and anaerobic conditions to determine the effect of aeration on bacterial growth and selenite removal.
    keywords: anaerobic; conditions; enterococcus; growth; removal; selenite; selenium
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        item: #2361 of 7527
          id: cet-12396
      author: None
       title: cet-12396
        date: 2022-06-29
       words: 3507
      flesch: 49
     summary: It can also be further upgraded into transportation fuel (i.e.: diesel and aviation fuel) and high value products, including aromatics compounds, bio-plastic precursors and high valuable lubricants (Pavlovič et al., 2013). Thermal and energy characterization of HTL residues showed that the process has the potential not only to significantly upgrade high moisture biomass (as citrus peel waste) into solid and liquid bio-fuels with increased energy density, but also the recovery of high oil fraction from low moisture content species as castor seeds.
    keywords: bio; biomass; energy; htl; hydrothermal; temperature; waste; water
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        item: #2362 of 7527
          id: cet-12397
      author: None
       title: cet-12397
        date: 2022-06-29
       words: 3256
      flesch: 41
     summary: Biomass production reached the steady-state, with a concentration of 1.9 and 1.2 g L-1 for the UC pre-treated and untreated digestate, respectively (+55.6 % biomass production obtained with UC pre-treated digestate). Moreover, a higher growth rate was obtained in UC pre-treated media, with an increase of 25.8 % and 12.7 % for BG-11 and digestate, respectively.
    keywords: bg-11; concentration; digestate; growth; l-1; liquid; microalgae; pre
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        item: #2363 of 7527
          id: cet-12398
      author: None
       title: cet-12398
        date: 2022-06-29
       words: 3943
      flesch: 51
     summary: https://doi.org/10.1590/2224-6185.2015.2.%x Manzini Poli F. L., Islas-Samperio J. M., García Bustamante C. A., Sacramento Rivero J. C., Grande-Acosta G. K., Gallardo-álvarez R. M., Lagunes R. M., Pineda F. N., y Escobedo C. A. (2022). Results and discussion Taking advantage of the energy benefit provided by the densified biomass material, biofuel spheres were made from Quenual plant residue, similar to what was done by Berastegui et al., (2017) who made briquettes from corn tuza.
    keywords: biofuel; biomass; calorific; doses; energy; quenual; spheres; use; value; 𝑤𝑒𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡
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        item: #2364 of 7527
          id: cet-12399
      author: None
       title: cet-12399
        date: 2022-06-29
       words: 2976
      flesch: 55
     summary: Recently, it has been identified that the concept of nozzle reactor may be suitable for fast HTL of biomass at both laboratory and industrial scales (Tran et al. 2017). (A) Schematic of a nozzle reactor (Lester et al. 2006) (B) (B) Flow diagram for nozzle reactor (Sierra- Pallares et al. 2016)
    keywords: fast; htl; lignin; nozzle; oil; reactor
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        item: #2365 of 7527
          id: cet-124
      author: TW
       title: cet-124
        date: 2017-10-04
       words: 2901
      flesch: 53
     summary: The International Confederation of Thermal Analyses and Calorimetry (ICTAC) inferred that the isoconversional methods are adequate to evaluate the Kinect of fossil DOI: 10.3303/CET1761071 Please cite this article as: Foltin J.P., Prado G.N., Lisbôa A.C.L., 2017, Analysis of kinetics parameters of oil shale pyrolysis, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 61, 439-444 DOI:10.3303/CET1761071 439 fuels, once they present a relation between the process temperature and the conversion rate, without considering a reaction model (Bai et al., 2015). Tiwari P., Deo M., 2012, Compositional and kinetic analysis of oil shale pyrolysis using TGA–MS, Fuel, 94, 333-341. 444
    keywords: conversion; energy; oil; parameters; pyrolysis; rate; shale; temperature
       cache: cet-124.pdf
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        item: #2366 of 7527
          id: cet-1240
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - CET--006.docx
        date: 2017-07-25
       words: 3540
      flesch: 35
     summary: After proposing the definition of oxygen ecological compensation benefit of hydropower to thermal power, the CDM method is employed to obtain the carbon dioxide emission reduction of the reservoir and then calculate the reduction of oxygen consumption in cases where thermal power is replaced by hydropower to generate electricity. The basic concept of oxygen ecological compensation benefit 2.1 Mechanism and definition of oxygen ecological compensation benefit By the end of December 2015, China's installed power capacity has reached about 1.5 billion kW, among which thermal power occupies 66% and hydropower accounts for 21%.
    keywords: benefit; carbon; compensation; dioxide; ecological; emission; hydropower; oxygen; price; reduction
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        item: #2367 of 7527
          id: cet-12400
      author: None
       title: cet-12400
        date: 2022-06-29
       words: 4024
      flesch: 58
     summary: Application of Weibull 2-mixture model to describe biomass pyrolysis kinetics. In another study, it was reported that the activation energy of Napier grass pyrolysis within 87.8 to 289.2 kJ mol−1 for the conversion up to 70% (Phuakpunk et al. 2020).
    keywords: activation; biomass; cassava; energy; grass; kinetic; model; napier; pyrolysis
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        item: #2368 of 7527
          id: cet-12401
      author: None
       title: cet-12401
        date: 2022-06-29
       words: 3132
      flesch: 52
     summary: 3.6 Other characteristics of biofuel from Macrocystis pyrifera algae Table 5 shows the results of the analysis of the biofuel obtained from Macrocystis pyrifera, which when compared with NTP 321.125.2019, it is established that it complies with the quality established in Peruvian and other international standards such as EN 14214, ASTM d6751 and the ANP. Table 5: Results of analysis of Macrocystis pyrifera biofuel. = 2,3314 cSt = 2.3314 mm²/s The kinematic viscosity at 40 °C for biodiesel (B100), according to the Technical Specifications of NTP 321.125:2019 - second edition, indicates the value of 1.9 to 6.0 mm2/s using the AST D 445 test method; therefore, the value found in Macrocystis pyrifera biofuel is within the values required by the Peruvian standard.
    keywords: algae; biofuel; density; energy; macrocystis; oil; pyrifera; viscosity
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        item: #2369 of 7527
          id: cet-12402
      author: None
       title: cet-12402
        date: 2022-06-29
       words: 2520
      flesch: 45
     summary: Rahaoui, K., Ding, L., Tan, L., Mediouri, W., Mahmoudi, F., Nakoa, K. y Akbarzadeh, A., 2017, Sustainable Membrane Distillation Coupled with Solar Pond, Energy Procedia, 110, 414-419. Safaei, S. y Tavakoli, R., 2017, On the design of graphene oxide nanosheets membranes for water desalination, Desalination, 422, 83-90. Von, G.M., 2004, Water desalination as a long-term sustainable solution to alleviate global freshwater scarcity?
    keywords: biochar; desalination; membrane; pruning; reduction; salinity; seawater; solar; treatment; water
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        item: #2370 of 7527
          id: cet-12403
      author: None
       title: cet-12403
        date: 2022-06-29
       words: 3023
      flesch: 39
     summary: Wind and solar energy systems combine two or more renewable energy generation technologies to take proper advantage of their operating characteristics and obtain efficiencies higher than those that could be obtained from a single energy source. Khare, V., Nema, S. and Baredar, P., 2016, Solar–wind hybrid renewable energy system: A review, Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 58, 23-33.
    keywords: electricity; energy; generation; hybrid; radiation; solar; speed; system; wind
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        item: #2371 of 7527
          id: cet-12404
      author: None
       title: cet-12404
        date: 2022-06-29
       words: 2899
      flesch: 48
     summary: Many researches used natural sources of energy, as is the case of bituminous coal to produce ecological briquettes, obtaining as a result of combustion, that the ash contains 1.3 % of unburned carbon with an efficiency of 81 % and 3 mg/m3 of gas particles were emitted in smoke (Deniz ,2016). Similarly, Babajide et al. (2018) studied the physical and combustion characteristics of ecological briquettes made from agricultural waste and wood residues, being more environmentally attractive as it contributes to the reduction of CO2 concentrations.
    keywords: avocado; avocado pit; biomass; briquettes; co2; pit; sawdust; value
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        item: #2372 of 7527
          id: cet-12405
      author: None
       title: cet-12405
        date: 2022-06-29
       words: 3663
      flesch: 48
     summary: Among different biological pretreatments, solid-state fermentation (SSF) with filamentous fungus, such as Aspergillus awamori, is a competitive option due to the high capacity of this species to secrete hydrolytic enzymes (Díaz et al., 2009). Those experiments were performed with non-pretreated D. dichotoma (Figure 2).
    keywords: biomass; dichotoma; hydrolysis; pretreatment; seaweed; solid; sugars
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        item: #2373 of 7527
          id: cet-12406
      author: None
       title: cet-12406
        date: 2022-06-29
       words: 2472
      flesch: 51
     summary: In Colombia, the amount of cocoa pod husks (CPH), which is usually burned or left to decompose in the open air on plantations without any environmental control, is expected to reach 2,100,000 tons yr–1 in 2021(Martínez-Ángel et al., 2015). This research work evaluated a source of plant origin (cocoa pod husks) as a raw material to produce nano- crystals of cellulose, through acid hydrolysis, in addition to characterizing the CPH from the cocoa fruit (Theobroma cacao L.) by means of the analysis of the content of lignin, hemicellulose, cellulose and ashes.
    keywords: biomass; cellulose; chemical; cocoa; husk; lignin; pod
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        item: #2374 of 7527
          id: cet-12407
      author: None
       title: cet-12407
        date: 2022-06-29
       words: 3786
      flesch: 45
     summary: The addition of a pyrolysis unit to the cogeneration system allows the simultaneous use of pyrolysis gases for electricity generation, and the production of useful byproducts. In this sense, the present study aims to explore the effect of different processing temperatures over the calorific value of pyrolysis gases in a pilot-scale case with the purpose of adding this component in cogeneration.
    keywords: biomass; calorific; cogeneration; content; energy; gas; gases; palm; process; production; pyrolysis; value
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        item: #2375 of 7527
          id: cet-12408
      author: None
       title: cet-12408
        date: 2022-06-29
       words: 2834
      flesch: 46
     summary: Salinas, P.D., 2010, Producción de Harina de Plumas de Pollo y su utilización como un Adsorbente de Hidrocarburos, en Agua Dulce,Tesis, Escuela Politécnica del Ejército, Departamento de Ciencias de la Vida, Sangolquí. Similarly, in this research it is demonstrated that Assaf sheep wool had efficient results in oil removal, and it is also an innovative, economical, easily accessible method that induces reuse and can help counteract the environmental problems of oil spills in water bodies.
    keywords: diesel; hydrocarbons; oil; removal; sheep; time; water; wool
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        item: #2376 of 7527
          id: cet-12409
      author: None
       title: cet-12409
        date: 2022-06-29
       words: 2759
      flesch: 42
     summary: 226 Figure 8: Behaviour distribution of germinated Prosopis limensis seeds The average growth of the seedlings by the action of natural biochar and activated biochar during the 50 d of the experiment was 13.3 cm (T6) and 24.5 cm (T1), as shown in Figure 9a. Figure 7: Physical and chemical properties of pure biochar and activated biochar The biomasses treated to generate biochar tend to register high ash, alkaline pH and saline electrical conductivity, which allows controlling soil acidity, increasing its fertility and controlling salinity, as corroborated by García et al. (2021).
    keywords: biochar; biomass; figure; limensis; prosopis; pyrolysis; soil; waste
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        item: #2377 of 7527
          id: cet-1241
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - CET--006.docx
        date: 2017-07-25
       words: 3063
      flesch: 49
     summary: In Figure 3(c) (at the temperature of 650 ℃), when the diffusion temperature is close to the melting point, the temperature has a great effect on iron and chromium element, but the effect on titanium element diffusion is still small. It shows that the diffusion activation energy increases with the increase of diffusion temperature.
    keywords: aluminum; diffusion; doi; element; figure; steel; temperature; titanium
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        item: #2378 of 7527
          id: cet-12410
      author: None
       title: cet-12410
        date: 2022-06-29
       words: 3169
      flesch: 50
     summary: Considering explosion duration and flame speed, the main objective of the present paper is to provide an overview of the factors that affect the explosion protection methods and how these are differing in large volumes such as silos based on literature. Introduction Statistics show that a substantial percentage of dust explosions occur in silos where combustible material such as biomass, wood chips or other organic products are stored.
    keywords: deflagration; duration; dust; explosion; ignition; isolation; pressure; silo; volume
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        item: #2379 of 7527
          id: cet-12411
      author: None
       title: cet-12411
        date: 2022-06-29
       words: 4424
      flesch: 51
     summary: These national emission inventories are further reported at international levels, e.g. EU, as a basis for further elaborations and estimations of e.g. health and climate impacts related to wood stove emissions. When comparing national emission inventories, we find unacceptable large variations in emission factors for most reported compounds in all official stove categories.
    keywords: combustion; countries; emission; emission factors; factors; stoves; wood
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        item: #2380 of 7527
          id: cet-12412
      author: None
       title: cet-12412
        date: 2022-06-29
       words: 4241
      flesch: 39
     summary: XRD diffractograms for fresh and used catalysts (a) and TPO profile for used catalysts (b) The TPO profiles of used catalyst (Figure 2b) provide information on the total content of coke deposited (estimated from the total area under the TPO profiles) and on the nature and/or location of the coke in the structure of the catalyst (peak position). Ni oxidation was ruled out as deactivation cause, as no significant reduction peaks were observed in the H2- TPR profiles of used catalyst (not shown), nor NiO species in their XRD diffractograms (Figure 2a).
    keywords: bed; bio; carbon; catalyst; co2; coke; oil; reactor; reforming; steam
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        item: #2381 of 7527
          id: cet-12413
      author: None
       title: cet-12413
        date: 2022-06-29
       words: 3737
      flesch: 44
     summary: One of the most used supports for Ni catalysts is Al2O3, because it has a high mechanical and thermal stability and provides a high specific surface area, improving the Ni dispersion. References Aditiya, H.B., Mahlia, T.M.I., Chong, W.T., Nur, H. and Sebayang, A.H., 2016, Second generation bioethanol production: A critical review, Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 66, 631–653. Arandia, A., Remiro, A., Valle, B., Bilbao, J. and Gayubo, A.G., 2020, Deactivation of Ni spinel derived catalyst during the oxidative steam reforming of raw bio-oil, Fuel, 276, 117995.
    keywords: al2o3; carbon; catalyst; ethanol; nimg; reaction; yield
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        item: #2382 of 7527
          id: cet-12414
      author: None
       title: cet-12414
        date: 2022-06-29
       words: 3618
      flesch: 48
     summary: The scope of this work is to present and technically analyse a conceptual design of a circular bio-refinery based on microalgae biomass feedstock with the final output of methanol production. For methanol production, SN of value near 2 corresponds to ideal conditions, values lower than 2 indicate H2 deficiency while values larger than 2 mean an excess of it (Ott et al., 2012).
    keywords: analysis; biogas; chemical; co2; digestion; methane; methanol; microalgae; process; production; reforming
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        item: #2383 of 7527
          id: cet-12415
      author: None
       title: cet-12415
        date: 2022-06-29
       words: 4753
      flesch: 43
     summary: A study conducted by Kaur and Saxena (2004) revealed that the substitution of rice with spent grain resulted in greater body weight gain attributed to the high-quality protein and essential amino acid content of a BSG-based diet. McCarthy A.L., O'Callaghan Y.C., Neugart S., Piggott C.O., Connolly A., Jansen M.A., ..., O'Brien N.M., 2013, The hydroxycinnamic acid content of barley and brewers' spent grain (BSG) and the potential to incorporate phenolic extracts of BSG as antioxidants into fruit beverages, Food Chemistry, 141(3), 2567-2574.
    keywords: brewer; bsg; chemical; composition; compounds; et al; ethanol; extraction; food; grain; mussatto; production; products
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        item: #2384 of 7527
          id: cet-12416
      author: None
       title: cet-12416
        date: 2022-06-29
       words: 3766
      flesch: 58
     summary: PHB solvent extraction process simulation The following paragraph details the different steps of the solvent extraction and anti-solvent precipitation process simulation. In this work, a non-halogenated based extraction process for PHB recovery from wet bacterial biomass is proposed.
    keywords: anti; extraction; figure; phb; process; recovery; solubility; solvent
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        item: #2385 of 7527
          id: cet-12417
      author: None
       title: cet-12417
        date: 2022-06-29
       words: 2984
      flesch: 56
     summary: It should be noted that the PHB produced increased linearly with the superficial gas velocity, thus demonstrating the beneficial effect of working at higher Ug: more specifically, it resulted that higher superficial gas velocities are responsible for enhanced transfer capacities, thus leading to higher process yields. It can be stated that it would be advisable to work at higher superficial gas velocity when producing PHB, with the aim of increasing the mass transfer rate of the carbon source and improving the process performance.
    keywords: bubble; gas; mass; methane; phb; production; transfer; velocity
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        item: #2386 of 7527
          id: cet-12418
      author: None
       title: cet-12418
        date: 2022-06-29
       words: 3666
      flesch: 52
     summary: However, the preparation of biobased polymer latexes bearing coumarin moieties has so far not been widely investigated. A biobased latex was obtained by copolymerization in emulsion of ethoxy dihydroeugenyl methacrylate (EDMA) and coumarin methacrylate (CMA).
    keywords: cellulose; cma; composites; coumarin; mfc; oxygen; poly(edma; wt%
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        item: #2387 of 7527
          id: cet-12419
      author: None
       title: cet-12419
        date: 2022-06-29
       words: 3843
      flesch: 41
     summary: The gasification process is simulated based on the following simplifying assumptions (Di Fraia et al., 2021): the developed model is kinetic free and zero-dimensional; gasification is completed in steady-state and isothermal condition; volatile products (H₂, CO, CO₂, CH₄, and H₂O) are formed through instantaneous pyrolysis of SS; all gases behave ideally; char is full of carbon and tar formation is neglected as it is ignored on available literature for SS gasification process (Abdelrahim et al., 2020; Di Fraia et al., 2021; Migliaccio et al., 2021). Numerical modelling based on experimental data, i.e. through the simulation software Aspen Plus, to identify the optimum operating parameters for SS gasification can save time and cost significantly (Abdelrahim et al., 2020; Di Fraia et al., 2021).
    keywords: energy; et al; fraia; gasification; generation; process; syngas; temperature
       cache: cet-12419.pdf
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        item: #2388 of 7527
          id: cet-1242
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - CET--006.docx
        date: 2017-07-25
       words: 3317
      flesch: 40
     summary: Figure 1: XRD spectra of mesoporous silica and silane mesoporous silica 3.2 Thermal properties of silicon containing polyimide composite films The glass transition temperatures of bulk polyimide and composite films were measured by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Two groups of silicon containing polyimide composite films were prepared by direct blending and copolymerization.
    keywords: films; glass; mesoporous; polyimide; properties; silica; silicon; temperature; transition
       cache: cet-1242.pdf
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        item: #2389 of 7527
          id: cet-12420
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-12420
        date: 2022-08-04
       words: 3506
      flesch: 46
     summary: The performance of the gasification process was evaluated in terms of synthesis gas yield (Vsyngas) and mass of ash-free biomass (Mafb), lower heating value (LHV), carbon conversion efficiency (CCE) (calculated by carbon content (Ci), and flow rate (Qi) of synthesis gas and biomass), and cold gas efficiency (CGE) (Table 2). Gasification is a thermochemical conversion process in which biomass undergoes partial oxidation in presence of an oxidizing agent to produce synthesis gas that can be used for liquid and gaseous fuel and electricity production (Guran, 2020, Maitlo et al., 2022).
    keywords: bed; bfb; biomass; design; gasification; gasifier; synthesis; value; velocity
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        item: #2390 of 7527
          id: cet-12421
      author: None
       title: cet-12421
        date: 2022-06-29
       words: 4273
      flesch: 42
     summary: Bhoi P.R., Huhnke R.L., Kumar A., Payton M.E., Patil K.N., Whiteley J.R., 2015, Vegetable oil as a solvent for removing producer gas tar compounds, Fuel Processing Technology, 133, 97-104. BP, 2021, Statistical Review of World Energy, 70th Edition Haarlemmer G., Boissonnet G., Peduzzi E., Setier P.A., 2014, Investment and production costs of synthetic fuels – A Literature survey, Energy, 66, 667-676. The addition of Ca and K-based additives is common practice to avoid tar condensation when the producer gas is cooled-down to temperatures below 200 ° C, taking care to avoid the formation of K2O.4SiO2 compound, which has melting temperature below 800° C However, biomass gasification temperature must remain in the range 800 - 870 ° C to avoid agglomeration of the particles making up the fluidized bed.
    keywords: bed; biomass; candle; catalyst; concentration; gas; gasification; process; producer; tar; temperature; 𝑁𝑚3
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        item: #2391 of 7527
          id: cet-12422
      author: None
       title: cet-12422
        date: 2022-06-29
       words: 3070
      flesch: 50
     summary: Biomass derived syngas is a low-energy and adaptable fuel gas that can be used in spark ignition internal combustion engines (ICEs) (Costa et al., 2020) that were designed to run on gasoline or diesel fuels to decrease or eliminate the need for petroleum-based fuels. Lund’s paper (Lund, 2014) shows an analysis of smart energy systems synergies, highlighting the possible infrastructures for biomass to energy systems and the use of gasification in the cogeneration technology.
    keywords: analysis; biomass; energy; load; micro; spark; syngas; system
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        item: #2392 of 7527
          id: cet-12423
      author: None
       title: cet-12423
        date: 2022-06-29
       words: 3415
      flesch: 50
     summary: The TG analysis shows that the percent weight loss of hydrochar decreases as the HTC reaction temperature raises from 180 to 250 °C; in fact, at low temperatures, the maximum weight loss is of order 70%, whereas at 250 °C the reduction is up to about 50%, confirming that the HTC of oat promotes a more intense polymerization/aromatization process at higher reaction temperatures. In this study, oat was processed in a lab-scale stirred-batch HTC reactor to evaluate the effect of reaction temperature and residence time on the composition and yield of hydrochar obtained during the process.
    keywords: carbonization; htc; hydrochar; oat; process; reaction; reactor; temperature
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        item: #2393 of 7527
          id: cet-12424
      author: None
       title: cet-12424
        date: 2022-06-29
       words: 2958
      flesch: 47
     summary: Figure 2: Process flow diagram of L- lactide synthesis process (Heo et al., 2019). 2. Materials and Methods 2.1 Materials The materials used in this research are: L-lactic acid 85% (Synth), PLLA produced by direct polycondensation, L-lactide obtained during PLLA synthesis and Tin octanoate II (Sigma Aldrich), 1-Dodecanol (Synth).
    keywords: acid; lactide; plla; polymer; process; production; reaction; synthesis
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        item: #2394 of 7527
          id: cet-12425
      author: None
       title: cet-12425
        date: 2022-06-29
       words: 3845
      flesch: 54
     summary: (2016) reported SCG biochar produced at 300 °C for 2 h adsorbed 184.5 mg.g−1 tetracycline compound while Fe3O4- coated SCG biochar adsorbed maximum 285.6 mg.g−1 of tetracycline compound. The electrical conductivity of SCG biochar at 600 °C (2,278 µS.cm-1) was higher than that of biomass (550 µS.cm- 1).
    keywords: biochar; biomass; coffee; pyrolysis; scg; temperature; treatment; water; ° c
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        item: #2395 of 7527
          id: cet-12426
      author: None
       title: cet-12426
        date: 2022-06-29
       words: 4214
      flesch: 46
     summary: 3.2 Acetic acid ketonization on TiO2: low temperature vs high temperature investigation Experiments of acetic acid ketonization were performed on TiO2 with standard GHSV at varying inlet acid concentration, in a low temperature range. Moreover, the closure of atomic balances proved that acetic acid ketonization was the only active route in this temperature range and that the possible formation of surface carbon-deposits was negligible.
    keywords: acetic; acid; catalyst; ketonization; products; species; temperature; tio2
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        item: #2396 of 7527
          id: cet-12427
      author: None
       title: cet-12427
        date: 2022-06-29
       words: 2997
      flesch: 52
     summary: This work also aims at analysing the impact of biochar pyrolysis temperature on property changes of biochar, plant growth, water loss by drainage and nutrients leaching. 2. This study demonstrates that a lower fraction of biochar application could be beneficial for sustainable agricultural practices to reduce water drainage and nutrient supply.
    keywords: application; biochar; control; growth; plant; temperature; waste; water
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        item: #2397 of 7527
          id: cet-12428
      author: None
       title: cet-12428
        date: 2022-06-29
       words: 3184
      flesch: 49
     summary: One of these applications is in the production of carbon- based electrodes for batteries. This potential drop to the cut-off potential at the end of discharge occurs faster for the electrode based on C-SCM because of the higher uniformity in particle size, as shown in Figure 2. 340 Figure 4: Deep discharge curves for O2 electrodes based on (a) C-SCB and (b) C-SCM Figure 5 presents the morphology and distribution of the discharge product in both electrodes.
    keywords: batteries; carbon; discharge; electrodes; humins; samples; scb; scm
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        item: #2398 of 7527
          id: cet-12429
      author: None
       title: cet-12429
        date: 2022-06-29
       words: 3131
      flesch: 47
     summary: Figure 2: Influence of reactor length on ethanol conversion – Simulation conditions: 50 bar, 10 kmol/h of ethanol, 15 kmol/h of CO2, and 5 kmol/h of 2-CP, catalyst density of 7,130 kg/m3, and 0.4 of bed voidage and diameter of the reactor of 2.54 cm After this preliminary study, the reactor was then simulated as a multi-tubular PFR with a tube diameter of 2.54 cm and reactor length of 5 m. Figure 3 shows the influence of the number of tubes on ethanol conversion and DEC production. Table 1 shows the reaction system and the kinetics of DEC production from ethanol and CO2 as contributions from the studies by Yu et al. (2020) and Giram et al.
    keywords: carbonate; co2; dec; diethyl; et al; ethanol; kmol; production; reactor
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        item: #2399 of 7527
          id: cet-1243
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - CET--006.docx
        date: 2017-07-25
       words: 2906
      flesch: 60
     summary: Selection of model variables 3.1 Selection of basic independent variables Model analysis Formulas (7)~(11) present the five quantitative structure–property relationships models (QSPR) and the final results.
    keywords: model; properties; resveratrol
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        item: #2400 of 7527
          id: cet-12430
      author: None
       title: cet-12430
        date: 2022-06-29
       words: 3264
      flesch: 40
     summary: The fluid dynamics investigation is carried out using either water or an aqueous solution of xanthan gum, in order to assess the impact of the variation of the rheological properties at different impeller speeds and direction of rotation of the impellers on the mixing features. Results In the following, the results obtained with the two fluids at different impeller speeds are compared and discussed.
    keywords: biogas; figure; impeller; mixing; rotation; scale; velocity; vessel; water
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        item: #2401 of 7527
          id: cet-12431
      author: None
       title: cet-12431
        date: 2022-06-29
       words: 3191
      flesch: 43
     summary: Zn Fe 970 480 146 11 60 100 65 4 142 3 39 2.2 Calcination of steam exploded pellet An electrically heated furnace was employed to investigate effects of calcination on properties of the steam exploded pellets. The volatile content of untreated and steam exploded pellets were analysed by using a thermogravimetric analyser (TGA, Mettler Toledo TGA851e).
    keywords: anode; calcination; carbon; covering; figure; material; pellets; steam
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        item: #2402 of 7527
          id: cet-12432
      author: None
       title: cet-12432
        date: 2022-06-29
       words: 3238
      flesch: 49
     summary: Sánchez, Y.T., 2017, Evaluación de la viabilidad de la biodigestión como sistema de tratamiento de los residuos de la granja porcina “Galo Porcino” Cantón Echeandia, Provincia de Bolívar, año 2016, Universidad Técnica Estatal de Quevedo. References Bernal, E.N.G., Palacios, N.R., 2020, Desarrollo de una herramienta para diseño de un sistema de remoción de sulfuro de hidrógeno presente en el biogás empleando lana de acero, Fundación Universidad de América.
    keywords: biodigester; biogas; bovine; carbon; energy; rumen; temperature; waste
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        item: #2403 of 7527
          id: cet-12433
      author: None
       title: cet-12433
        date: 2022-06-29
       words: 2753
      flesch: 57
     summary: See Figure 3 Figure 4: Drying of Carya illinoinensis pellets Figure 5: Energy Efficiency Test 2.3 Methods for calculating biomass characteristics for pellet production. Table 1: Granulometry of the raw material Characterization of the biomass of the samples for pellets Table 2 shows the main physicochemical characteristics of the biomasses to make the pellets with four types of mixtures according to granulometry of Carya illinoinensis husk biomass and binder, which corresponds to the following coding: M1:
    keywords: biomass; calorific; carya; energy; illinoinensis; pecan; pellets; sample; shell
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        item: #2404 of 7527
          id: cet-12434
      author: None
       title: cet-12434
        date: 2022-06-29
       words: 4400
      flesch: 40
     summary: Borin, M., Barbera, A. C., Milani, M., Molari, G., Zimbone, S. M., Toscano, A., 2013, Biomass production and N balance of giant reed (Arundo donax L.) under high water and N input in Mediterranean environments, European Journal of Agronomy, 51, 117–119. Christen, B., Dalgaard, T., 2013, Buffers for biomass production in temperate European agriculture: A review and synthesis on function, ecosystem services and implementation, Biomass and Bioenergy, 55, 53–67. The choice between biomass energy production processes (thermochemical or biological) is made based on the characteristics of the available biomasses: nature and composition (immediate and elementary analysis, composition by macromolecules), water content entering the plant, presence of inorganic elements such as chlorine, sodium, nitrogen, potassium, phosphorus, zinc, etc., required size (dimensions with which the biomass is fed to the reactors), energy content (lower and upper calorific value), and ash composition.
    keywords: availability; biomass; ctn; energy; gasification; maintenance; plant; production; residues; supply
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        item: #2405 of 7527
          id: cet-12435
      author: None
       title: cet-12435
        date: 2022-06-29
       words: 3588
      flesch: 55
     summary: The validation of the results was performed by comparing the results obtained in this work with experimental studies of phase equilibrium available in the literature. 2.2 Gibbs Energy Minimization Eq(7) is the result of integrating the partial molar Gibbs energy equation over the entire gas or vapor phase (V), liquid phase (L) and stable crystalline phase for solid hydrate (H) and also overall NC components of the system, considering isothermal and isobaric conditions.
    keywords: co2; h2o; hydrate; phase; 𝑇 𝑇0
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        item: #2406 of 7527
          id: cet-12436
      author: None
       title: cet-12436
        date: 2022-06-29
       words: 3718
      flesch: 51
     summary: Kurkela E., Kurkela M., Nieminen, M., Laatikainen-Luntama J., 2021, Circulating fluidized bed gasification of solid recovered fuels - Results from gasification and gas filtration tests. The circulating fluidized-bed (CFB) is nowadays commonly used in air-blown biomass and waste gasification applications (Isaksson, 2015), while the bubbling fluidized-bed (BFB) was commercialized already in the 1920s for coal gasification and has later been used also for biomass gasification (Hofbauer, 2019).
    keywords: bed; biochar; biomass; conversion; filter; gasification; gasifier; production; reactor; waste
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        item: #2407 of 7527
          id: cet-12437
      author: None
       title: cet-12437
        date: 2022-06-29
       words: 2786
      flesch: 49
     summary: 2.4 PHAs accumulation test 500 ml of bacterial biomass extracted from the CSRT were placed at the concentration of 1 g MLVSS/L in 1 litre flasks at the temperature of 27 °C and 180 rpm. The reactor was inoculated either with the bacterial consortium of the AF, or with a pure culture of the PHA producer Thauera sp. Sel9 (Conca et al., 2020; Sabapathy et al., 2020).
    keywords: acid; biomass; feed; fermentation; fish; phas; proteins; vfas
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        item: #2408 of 7527
          id: cet-12438
      author: None
       title: cet-12438
        date: 2022-06-29
       words: 3056
      flesch: 48
     summary: To this purpose, a wide range of operating conditions were used, collecting data regarding flue gas and fixed bed temperatures. Average fuel bed temperature vs 𝜆𝑝 and R. 400 Figure 4 shows the temperatures in the biomass primary combustion area.
    keywords: air; bed; biomass; boiler; combustion; figure; gas; recirculation; temperature
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        item: #2409 of 7527
          id: cet-12439
      author: None
       title: cet-12439
        date: 2022-06-29
       words: 3406
      flesch: 51
     summary: It should be noted that the small-scale biorefinery produces avocado oil, animal feed, and biogas, while in the present process only the assembly of a plant for the production of oil from avocado pulp and biochar from the seed was evaluated. The plant has a processing capacity of 10,605 t/a, obtaining 1,000.67 t/a of avocado oil and 505 t/a of biochar.
    keywords: avocado; biochar; costs; investment; oil; plant; process; production; seed; value
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        item: #2410 of 7527
          id: cet-1244
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - CET--006.docx
        date: 2017-07-25
       words: 3544
      flesch: 44
     summary: In recent years, hydrodynamic cavitation has been applied to degrade a majority of hardly-decomposed organic compounds (Zupanc et al., 2013; Kanthale et al., 2008). The common devices for hydrodynamic cavitation (HC) contain the orifice plate and the venturi tube (Gogate and Pandit, 2005).
    keywords: cavitation; degradation; inlet; model; pressure; rate; reaction; temperature; time
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        item: #2411 of 7527
          id: cet-12440
      author: None
       title: cet-12440
        date: 2022-06-29
       words: 3274
      flesch: 39
     summary: Results and discussion Economic evaluation for avocado oil production process was developed considering US Dollar and 15 years plant lives as a reference, raw materials expenses were consulted trough vendors (www.alibaba.com); the plant was designed to use ripe and rejected avocado for human consumption, fruit cost was established at 36 $/t (Minagricultura, 2020), sodium hypochlorite at 164,36 $/t and hexane at 750 $/t. An investment recovery period of 4.5 years was calculated in the study carried out for the production and commercialization of avocado oil for cosmetic use in Bogota city (Puentes et al., 2018); the value that differs in a period greater than one year from what was found in this study.
    keywords: avocado; avocado oil; capital; extraction; investment; oil; plant; process; production; value
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        item: #2412 of 7527
          id: cet-12441
      author: None
       title: cet-12441
        date: 2022-06-29
       words: 3315
      flesch: 48
     summary: Figure 2: Main flowsheet of avocado oil extraction process (Part 1). Figure 3: Main flowsheet of avocado oil extraction process (Part 2).
    keywords: 0.00x100; avocado; extraction; oil; process; production; pulp; simulation
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        item: #2413 of 7527
          id: cet-12442
      author: None
       title: cet-12442
        date: 2022-06-29
       words: 3714
      flesch: 51
     summary: The former is related to the primary amides (Jebsen et al., 2012) and to the presence of carbonyl groups (Aboulkas et al., 2017), while the latter is in the typical carbohydrates region (Aboulkas et al., 2017; Jebsen et al., 2012). The hydrochars FT-IR spectra (Errore. L'origine riferimento non è stata trovata.) showed common peaks and functional groups regions: the zone 2800-3000 cm-1, associated to the aliphatic stretching C-H (Aboulkas et al., 2017), and 3200-3500 cm-1, typical of O-H bond stretching of alcohols and N-H of proteins and peptides (Aboulkas et al., 2017).
    keywords: carbon; content; d.b; hydrochar; macroalgae; peat; reaction; soil; wt.%; yield
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        item: #2414 of 7527
          id: cet-12443
      author: None
       title: cet-12443
        date: 2022-06-29
       words: 3568
      flesch: 50
     summary: The permeability of SAP samples was determined using Gel Layer Permeability (GLP) after the dry SAP particles were allowed to swell at 0.9% sodium chloride solution for one hour. Samples b), c) and d) are SAP samples of EC treated, untreated and corn starch treated samples, respectively.
    keywords: biodegradability; corn; permeability; polymer; samples; sap; starch; superabsorbent; test
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        item: #2415 of 7527
          id: cet-12444
      author: None
       title: cet-12444
        date: 2022-11-28
       words: 3902
      flesch: 43
     summary: The goal of this paper is to provide an improved technical practice to improve biofuels repeatability and reproducibility in calorific value measurements. Conclusions This study has provided the root causes behind poor reproducibility of calorific value determinations of solid biofuels.
    keywords: basis; bomb; calorific; calorific value; cycle; moisture; repeatability; sample; value
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        item: #2416 of 7527
          id: cet-12445
      author: None
       title: cet-12445
        date: 2022-06-29
       words: 2539
      flesch: 41
     summary: Such is the case of agribusiness, which generates a large amount of waste materials that can become a serious problem given increased production and stricter environmental laws that are enacted (Jurado et al., 2011). This would make it possible to create biodegradable materials and use waste from the coffee agroindustry.
    keywords: cassava; films; material; pulp; starch; tps; waste
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        item: #2417 of 7527
          id: cet-12446
      author: None
       title: cet-12446
        date: 2022-06-29
       words: 3840
      flesch: 37
     summary: Table 5: Payback period for a variation of 10 % in glycerol cost Unit simulated 10 % below original glycerol price Original glycerol price 10 % above original glycerol price Payback period of the glycerol processing unit 3.86 3.86 3.86 Payback period of the glycerol selling unit 2.70 2.68 2.67 Similar to what happened with the methanol and residual oil price, the variation of glycerol will slightly impact the glycerol selling unit, as the income from glycerol price represents only 2.7 % of the total income from the unit. The simulation process proposed considering glycerol selling is presented in Figure 2. Figure 2: Biodiesel production unit with glycerol selling After the three energy-saving systems were included in the glycerol processing simulation, energy consumption was reduced from 25,238 kW to 13,381 kW, a 47% reduction.
    keywords: biodiesel; glycerol; methanol; oil; price; processing; production; selling; unit
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        item: #2418 of 7527
          id: cet-12447
      author: None
       title: cet-12447
        date: 2022-06-29
       words: 2829
      flesch: 49
     summary: DOI: 10.3303/CET2292076 Paper Received: 3 December 2021; Revised: 21 March 2022; Accepted: 8 May 2022 Please cite this article as: Babu R., Jackowski M., Capannelli G., Comite A., Trusek A., 2022, Acid and Alkali Pre-treatment Studies on Brewer’s Spent Grains (bsg), Chemical Engineering Transactions, 92, 451-456 DOI:10.3303/CET2292076 CHEMICAL ENGINEERING TRANSACTIONS VOL. Pre-treating BSG can help to facilitate this objective by making the organic molecules readily available.
    keywords: 0.5n; acid; bsg; pre; sample; sugars; treatments
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        item: #2419 of 7527
          id: cet-12448
      author: None
       title: cet-12448
        date: 2022-07-15
       words: 3922
      flesch: 34
     summary: Particulate matter emissions from pellet boilers Depending on the technology, fuel characteristics, and operating conditions pellet boiler PM emissions per GJ of energy input range on a wide scale (6 g/GJ - 116 g/GJ) Wiinikka H., 2005, High temperature aerosol formation and emission minimisation during combustion of wood pellets, PhD Thesis, Luleå University of Technology, Sweden. Wiinika H., Gebart R., 2005, The influence of air distribution rate on particle emissions in fixed bed combustion of biomass, Combustion Science and Technology, 177(9), 1747-1766.
    keywords: air; biomass; boilers; combustion; control; emissions; fuel; methods; particles; particulate; pellet; reduction
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        item: #2420 of 7527
          id: cet-12449
      author: None
       title: cet-12449
        date: 2022-06-29
       words: 2902
      flesch: 48
     summary: Cormos A-M., Simon A., 2013, Dynamic modelling of CO2 capture by calcium-looping cycle, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 421–426 Detchusananard T., Im-orb K., Ponpesh P., Arpornwichanpo A., 2018, Biomass gasification integrated with CO2 capture processes for high-purity hydrogen production: Process performance and energy analysis, Energy Conversion and Management, 171, 1560–1572. The feed stream is cooled and compressed to 20 °C and 5 bar to provide the adequate temperature for the mechanism of CO2 absorption in the absorber (3 bar), as it was referred in earlier studies (Bihong et al., 2015).
    keywords: absorption; capture; co2; cryogenic; distillation; energy; heat; looping; process
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        item: #2421 of 7527
          id: cet-1245
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - CET--006.docx
        date: 2017-07-25
       words: 2644
      flesch: 46
     summary: 59, 2017 A publication of The Italian Association of Chemical Engineering Online at www.aidic.it/cet Guest Editors: Zhuo Yang, Junjie Ba, Jing Pan Copyright © 2017, AIDIC Servizi S.r.l. ISBN 978-88-95608- 49-5; ISSN 2283-9216 Numerical Simulation of Flow Field Characteristics In and Out of the Nozzle of Abrasive Water Jet Lianhuan Guo*, Yudong Han No. 260 Xikeng Road, Yongan 366000, China glhshenlan@163.com In the cutting system of abrasive water jet (AWJ), abrasive and water can be either pre-mixed or post-mixed. According to the law of conservation of energy, the material removal rate is positively proportional to the kinetic energy of the particle flow acted on the material, i.e. dd d d aEV K t t = (1) DOI: 10.3303/CET1759179 Please cite this article as: Lianhuan Guo, Yudong Han, 2017, Numerical simulation of flow field characteristics in and out of the nozzle of abrasive water jet, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 59, 1069-1074 DOI:10.3303/CET1759179 1069 Where dEa represents the kinetic energy of the particle flow required for removal of the material whose volume is dV. P 8 7 10 1 5 11 9 6 3 4 4 5 2 1 2 3 4 5 (a) The cutting system of the post-mixed AWJ (b) The cutting system of the pre-mixed AWJ Figure 1: The diagram of the cutting systems in the two modes 2. Simulation of the post-mixed AWJ flow field 2.1 Establishment of the physical model
    keywords: abrasive; awj; cutting; figure; flow; nozzle; water
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        item: #2422 of 7527
          id: cet-12450
      author: None
       title: cet-12450
        date: 2022-06-29
       words: 4459
      flesch: 36
     summary: Bio-liquids collected during non-catalytic pyrolysis of OS (Test 1) and non-catalytic co-pyrolysis of OS and LDPE (Test 2) display similar compositions and almost the same content of oxygenated compounds. When considering pyrolysis by-products, it is found that char collected during the non-catalytic co-pyrolysis of OS and LDPE (Test 2) exhibits a larger H/C ratio as compared with that generated by non-catalytic pyrolysis of OS alone (Test 1).
    keywords: bio; biomass; conditions; ldpe; non; pyrolysis; temperature; test; yield
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        item: #2423 of 7527
          id: cet-12451
      author: None
       title: cet-12451
        date: 2022-06-29
       words: 3827
      flesch: 39
     summary: Figure 3: Performance of heating and cooling of HTL reactor, expressed as temperature-time plots. 2. Materials and Methods In the following, the main properties of the sludge and the description of the experimental apparatus and operating conditions for HTL test and separation of the products is reported.
    keywords: bio; heating; htl; liquefaction; reactor; sludge; temperature
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        item: #2424 of 7527
          id: cet-12452
      author: None
       title: cet-12452
        date: 2022-06-29
       words: 3323
      flesch: 52
     summary: Figure 1 shows photos of materials T1, T8, and CP made with fine, coarse and mixed granulometry, respectively. 2. Material and methods This chapter present the methodologies used for material development and physical characterisation.
    keywords: bio; compound; corn; glue; material; monteiro; pva; residue; results; waste
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        item: #2425 of 7527
          id: cet-12453
      author: None
       title: cet-12453
        date: 2022-06-29
       words: 3252
      flesch: 43
     summary: Biodiesel water content was determined by automatic coulometric titration (Metrohm, model 860 KF Thermoprep), according to EN ISO 12937. The tests carried out in this research pointed out the ability of the hydrogel to reduce water content from biodiesel and to be applied on an industrial scale.
    keywords: biodiesel; hydrogel; order; removal; water
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        item: #2426 of 7527
          id: cet-12454
      author: None
       title: cet-12454
        date: 2022-06-29
       words: 3868
      flesch: 51
     summary: The energy required for air compression is the largest cost item for oxygen separation from air by pressure swing adsorption technology (PSA). This contribution aims to analyze the potential of air compression using oil-free water-injected compressors for the oxygen supply by PSA technology under the same conditions as used by (Šulc and Ditl, 2021a), i.e. compression of ambient air, compressed air with a pressure dew point of +3°C at an outlet temperature of 30 °C and an outlet pressure of 750 kPa (a) at the PSA unit inlet, air factor of 10 Nm3 Nm-3 for 95 % purity (INMATEC Ltd., 2020), thermal power load of 0.5 MW, the flow rate of 95 % oxygen (GOX) of 101 Nm3 h-1.
    keywords: air; compression; cooler; energy; heat; outlet; power; temperature; water
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        item: #2427 of 7527
          id: cet-12455
      author: None
       title: cet-12455
        date: 2022-06-29
       words: 4093
      flesch: 51
     summary: From the analysis of specific tracers such as levoglucosan and benzo(a)pyrene, several studies identified the rural mountainous areas as the most influenced by wood combustion; however, important contributions from biomass burning have been found also in urban areas (Lanzani, 2014). In order to study the synergistic effect of biomass burning and pizza cooking, combustion cycles were performed both with and without the presence of the pizzas.
    keywords: burning; combustion; cooking; cycles; emissions; oven; pizza; sampling; tests; tpm; wood
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        item: #2428 of 7527
          id: cet-12456
      author: None
       title: cet-12456
        date: 2022-06-29
       words: 3437
      flesch: 44
     summary: According to Monteiro et al. (2019) one of the biggest challenges for brewing industries, in special the small and medium, is making a good destination for their solid wastes. Each sample was loaded by 100 kgf at 1 mm*s-1, with probe angled at 135 ° and analysed according to Monteiro et al. (2019).
    keywords: brazil; brewing; charcoal; corn; density; malt; material; process; residue; treatments; use
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        item: #2429 of 7527
          id: cet-12457
      author: None
       title: cet-12457
        date: 2022-06-29
       words: 2574
      flesch: 45
     summary: Table 2: Pyrolysis fractions on a dry basis Moisture (%) Biomass input (g) Biomass discounting moisture content (g) Fraction Solid (%) Liquid (%) Gas (%) 13.2 30.0 26.0 33.2 54.9 11.9 3.1 30.0 29.0 26.7 38.8 34.5 3.2 Characterization of the liquid fraction by GC-MS In the characterization performed by GC-MS, there was a slight change in the distribution of pyrolysis products with a similarity index equal or above 80 % for experiments carried out with sugarcane bagasse with different moisture contents. Table 1: Pyrolysis fractions on a wet basis Moisture (%) Biomass input (g) Solid fraction (%) Liquid fraction (%) Gas fraction (%) 13.2 30.0 28.8 47.7 23.5 3.1 30.0 25.
    keywords: bagasse; biomass; fraction; liquid; microwave; moisture; pyrolysis; sugarcane
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        item: #2430 of 7527
          id: cet-12458
      author: None
       title: cet-12458
        date: 2022-06-29
       words: 3237
      flesch: 55
     summary: Design and scaling up of fixed bed adsorption columns for lead removal by treated laterite. Through the application of response surface methodology, the effect of variation in column bed height, inlet flowrate and bed diameter over the breakthrough time, saturation time time and exhaustion C/C0 ratio of the cocoa husk packed bed was evaluated, finding great influence by all the evaluated variables and their interactions over the system.
    keywords: adsorption; bed; breakthrough; simulation; time
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        item: #2431 of 7527
          id: cet-12459
      author: None
       title: cet-12459
        date: 2022-06-29
       words: 3127
      flesch: 49
     summary: 33 (4), 397-404, Jul.-Aug.2011 Vitis vinifera 1.58 9.67 3.2 Composition of Mangifera indica and Vitis vinifera biodegradable sorbets After the tests with repetitions in the quantities of components for the elaboration of the sorbets, in Table 2, the three best compositions are presented for the case of Mangifera indica sorbets, the same proportions were used for Vitis vinifera sorbets, with the end of comparison. In the case of Mangifera indica sorbets, in the evaluation made at 7 days, the degradation reached between 60 and 70%, reaching 100% at 13 days, and in the case of Vitis vinifera sorbets at 7 days it was between 60 and 80% and at 18 days the degradation also reached 100%, these results are similar to those found by Sernaqué et al. (2020) that achieved between 93.06% and 73.16% biodegradability for bioplastics from Mangifera indica (mango) and Musa paradisiaca (banana) in 4 weeks.
    keywords: bioplastic; indica; mangifera; mangifera indica; shell; sorbets; straws; vinifera; vitis; vitis vinifera
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        item: #2432 of 7527
          id: cet-1246
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - CET--006.docx
        date: 2017-07-25
       words: 3622
      flesch: 47
     summary: And then we discuss the effect of carbon nanotube content and temperature on the cooling characteristics of water carbon nanotube nanofluids. From Figure 3 (c), the percentage of total cooling water flow in each cylinder can be obtained in details.
    keywords: cooling; flow; heat; k k; nanofluids; phase; temperature; water
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        item: #2433 of 7527
          id: cet-12460
      author: None
       title: cet-12460
        date: 2022-06-29
       words: 4106
      flesch: 51
     summary: 3.2 PHA characterization As discussed in the previous section, different extractions led to different results in terms of PHA purity. In this study, both Chloroform extraction and NaClO digestion have been used as consolidated methods for PHA recovery, to make a comparison with results obtained from the PHA recovery through NaOH digestion.
    keywords: biomass; extraction; naoh; pha; pilot; scale; sds
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        item: #2434 of 7527
          id: cet-12461
      author: None
       title: cet-12461
        date: 2022-06-29
       words: 3425
      flesch: 54
     summary: For the implementation of this technology in a continuous system, adsorption columns are used, with a bed packed with 535 biomaterials, through which the solution to be treated flows, while the contaminant is retained in the adsorbent material (Ajmani et al., 2020). A dynamic column performance was evaluated systematically while varying in three levels the feed flow (0.75, 1.5 and 3 mL/s), initial concentration (10,30, 50 and 100 mg/L), bed height (30, 65 and 100 cm) and particle diameter (0.5, 1 and 2 mm) and their effect over the breakthrough curve.
    keywords: adsorption; bed; breakthrough; chromium; column; concentration; inlet; time
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        item: #2435 of 7527
          id: cet-12462
      author: None
       title: cet-12462
        date: 2022-06-29
       words: 2879
      flesch: 42
     summary: Since an MD process is non-equilibrium, this paper has adopted an efficiency factor consideration with the operating temperature as the analyzed parameter (Mallmann et al., 2009).The simulation was validated through distillation mass ratio (F/D – feed; distillate flow) and mass fraction of distillate stream (Mallmann et al., 2009). Molecular distillation (MD) is a highly efficient separation process of multicomponent mixtures, which could be attached to the separation process to achieve high quality of the final product in a faster way.
    keywords: aspen; distillation; efficiency; molecular
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        item: #2436 of 7527
          id: cet-12463
      author: None
       title: cet-12463
        date: 2022-06-29
       words: 3779
      flesch: 45
     summary: Figure 4: MB removal (R) and adsorption ratio (Qe) for apCR samples. The obtained results indicated that the activation process was necessary in order to reach high MB adsorption capacities, over 90%.
    keywords: adsorption; apcr; pore; process; recovery; removal; results; samples
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        item: #2437 of 7527
          id: cet-12464
      author: None
       title: cet-12464
        date: 2022-06-29
       words: 2512
      flesch: 52
     summary: As controls, the plant was planted in soil without hydrocarbons and additionally a sample of soil with hydrocarbons was analyzed after 30 days without planting plants to compare the phytoremediation versus natural attenuation. Introduction The environmental damage in aquatic ecosystems by pollutants such as heavy metals and petroleum hydrocarbons comes mainly from anthropogenic activities related to energy and mineral consumption, including mining, steam generation, power plants, and waste treatment (Chen et al., 2016; Sun et al., 2016).
    keywords: hydrocarbons; nickel; phytoremediation; plant; removal; water
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        item: #2438 of 7527
          id: cet-12465
      author: None
       title: cet-12465
        date: 2022-06-29
       words: 3344
      flesch: 50
     summary: The breakthrough curves performed for each experiment show that with higher biochar heights and lower nickel concentrations the bed takes longer to reach its breakthrough point (46 min) and therefore to reach full saturation. Modification of biochar surface by air oxidation :
    keywords: biochar; biomass; carbon; husk; nickel; particle; pyrolysis; removal; rice; time
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        item: #2439 of 7527
          id: cet-12466
      author: None
       title: cet-12466
        date: 2022-06-29
       words: 3237
      flesch: 49
     summary: Subsequently, Maddikeri et al. (2014), compares the obtaining of biodiesel through a orifice plate with straight and circular venturi tubes, finding that the straight venturi tube obtains the highest FAME of 90.0 % at 30 min of reaction of methanol with used cooking oil at a molar ratio of 6:1 and sodium hydroxide (NaOH) of 1.0% w/w. In turn, Bargole et al. (2019), obtained biodiesel by hydrodynamic cavitation by comparing three plates, using methanol and used cooking oil to a molar ratio of 6.8:1 and NaOH at 1.0 % w/w, achieving a FAME of 99.0% w/w. All these results are developed for used cooking oil as a general alternative to a waste revaluation but, about 28 % of the biodiesel generated in the world is from soybean oil, which is obtained in a traditional way and only some researchers like Gogate et al. (2006), showed results related to hydrodynamic cavitation using methanol with a molar ratio of 6:1 and NaOH at 1.0 % w/w finding in 30 min a FAME of 95 % w/w.
    keywords: biodiesel; cavitation; methanol; oil; orifice; plate; reaction
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        item: #2440 of 7527
          id: cet-12467
      author: None
       title: cet-12467
        date: 2022-06-29
       words: 3171
      flesch: 33
     summary: Microalgae- based biodiesel can substitute diesel in automobiles with little or no modification to vehicle engines. This work evaluates the environmental performance of biodiesel production from microalgae following the in-situ transesterification route.
    keywords: biodiesel; impacts; microalgae; pei; potential; process; production; stream; transesterification
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        item: #2441 of 7527
          id: cet-12468
      author: None
       title: cet-12468
        date: 2022-06-29
       words: 3952
      flesch: 46
     summary: Overall, these results confirm the higher selectivity of supercritical CO2 extraction technique, able to yield purer extracts in terms of targeted compounds of interest. On the other hand, when the extraction was run on SR biomass waste, worse results were obtained in terms of selectivity, since the first two sets of supercritical extraction (with a dCO2= 700 kg m-3 and dCO2= 700 kg m-3) were not able to yield any extract.
    keywords: acids; biomass; caffeine; co2; coffee; compounds; conditions; extraction; extracts; min; solvent; waste
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        item: #2442 of 7527
          id: cet-12469
      author: None
       title: cet-12469
        date: 2022-06-29
       words: 3797
      flesch: 53
     summary: Similarly, to the extraction of carotenoids from other plant materials, solvent extraction is the most studied and optimized technique for lycopene extraction from tomato residues (Fritsch et al., 2017). Results show that tomato peels can be appealing for lycopene extraction and valorization.
    keywords: acetate; ethyl; extraction; limonene; lycopene; oleoresin; peels; process; solvent; tablets; tomato
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        item: #2443 of 7527
          id: cet-1247
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - CET--006.docx
        date: 2017-07-25
       words: 3381
      flesch: 40
     summary: 4. Conclusions By analyzing the process of dissolving the emulsion associative polymer into a fracturing fluid and breaking the fracturing fluid systematically, the following conclusions are obtained: (1) Associative polymer in the emulsion droplet is a high concentration of solution, so it does not need to go through the swelling process of dissolution, and this is the emulsion associating polymer fracturing fluid to the principle of instant solution. Results and discussion 3.1 The emulsion associating polymer instant principle From the experimental sample preparation in the fracturing fluid, emulsion associative polymer in the water needed to be stirred more than ten seconds to achieve a stable high viscosity.
    keywords: associative; breaking; emulsion; figure; fluid; fracturing; gel; polymer; water
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        item: #2444 of 7527
          id: cet-12470
      author: None
       title: cet-12470
        date: 2022-06-29
       words: 2662
      flesch: 43
     summary: 65.8 70.2 73 66.7 71.5 64.9 75.3 64 68.3 64.9 Ci: Initial concentration Cf: Final concentration 592 4. Conclusions Cariniana decandra sawdust and hair biofilters are efficient in the treatment of laundry water. Thus, this research evaluated the efficiency of five biofilters composed of different proportions of human hair and Cariniana decandra sawdust in the reduction of physicochemical and microbiological parameters of laundry water.
    keywords: cariniana; decandra; hair; laundry; removal; sawdust; treatment; wastewater; water
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        item: #2445 of 7527
          id: cet-12471
      author: None
       title: cet-12471
        date: 2022-06-29
       words: 2949
      flesch: 47
     summary: 595 The determination of tree aboveground biomass is a preliminary step to perform the calculation of carbon sequestration (carbon sequestration capacity of trees) because trees are a large carbon reservoir in cities and have an air-purifying function, improving the climate and ecological environment (Zhao and Hu, 2017). Figure 1: Calculation of aboveground biomass Park name area (m2) number of trees aboveground biomass (t/ha) Antonio Raimondi 6,591.468 46 1.217 Solidaridad 6,260.493 85 1.848 Cristo Rey 11,570.092 129 9.443 Juan Pablo II 12,135.281 95 3.694 Santa Rosa 6894.629 71 4.260 598 Cristo Rey Park has a higher carbon sequestration of 4,438 tC/ha than the other parks because it contains more aboveground biomass.
    keywords: biomass; carbon; park; photogrammetry; sequestration; trees; urban
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        item: #2446 of 7527
          id: cet-12472
      author: None
       title: cet-12472
        date: 2022-06-29
       words: 2686
      flesch: 58
     summary: A common application for lactic acid is the synthesis of poly(lactic acid) (PLA) via direct polycondensation. COCO does not have lactic acid in its components database (PCD manager) and their parameters had to be manually inserted using literature data (Linstrom et al., 1997).
    keywords: acid; column; configuration; dehydration; figure; water
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        item: #2447 of 7527
          id: cet-12473
      author: None
       title: cet-12473
        date: 2022-06-29
       words: 2972
      flesch: 55
     summary: Red mud is a waste generated from the bauxite production rich in Fe2O3 (more than 60 % depending on the type of red mud) and thus suitable to be used as substitute of Fe in HTL. Red mud is composed mainly by Fe2O3 that was reduced with the char produced by HTL and by a simulated syngas which is obtained from char gasification.
    keywords: bio; char; htl; hydrogen; mud; oil; reduction
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        item: #2448 of 7527
          id: cet-12474
      author: None
       title: cet-12474
        date: 2022-06-29
       words: 3766
      flesch: 52
     summary: It is noted that these properties decrease with the increase of feed mass flow rate, because these are related to the conversion of Nylon 12. There is an increase in the extraction value with feed mass flow rate due to a decrease in conversion with feed mass flow rate.
    keywords: feed; flow; hydrolytic; nylon; polymerization; process; rate; reactions; water
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        item: #2449 of 7527
          id: cet-12475
      author: None
       title: cet-12475
        date: 2022-06-29
       words: 4113
      flesch: 50
     summary: The results from these experiments are then used in a preliminary techno-economic analysis of a scaled-up system that produces dried Spirulina biomass. bSelling price of Spirulina biomass is $58.3 per kg or €50 per kg (Piccolo, 2012)
    keywords: airlift; analysis; biomass; capacity; concentration; cost; photobioreactor; production; spirulina; total
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        item: #2450 of 7527
          id: cet-12476
      author: None
       title: cet-12476
        date: 2022-06-29
       words: 4144
      flesch: 56
     summary: In Figure 2a the most recent data available in the literature (Al-Rub et al., 1999; Alvarez et al., 2011; Arce et al., 1996; Iwakabe and Kosuge, 2001; Kamihama et al., 2012; Kurihara et al., 1993; Lai et al., 2014; Li et al., 2012; Liu et al., 2012; Orjuela et al., 2010; Rojas et al., 2016; Tsanas et al., 2014; Wang and Yang, 2002; Of the many data that can be found in the NIST database, those which belong to a complete set (i.e., for which pressure, temperature and composition of both phases are all given) and consist of more than 3 points have been selected (Drouillon, 1925; Erichsen, 1952; Hill and Malisoff, 1926; Jones, 1929; Mueller et al., 1931; Ruiz et al., 1984; Stephenson and Stuart, 1986; Wannachod et al., 2016; Zhang et al., 1986), though some of them reach temperatures higher than the temperature of the heterogeneous azeotrope at atmospheric pressure, which occurs at 364.6 K with a composition of 76.33 mol.
    keywords: data; et al; liquid; measurements; phase; system; temperature; water
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        item: #2451 of 7527
          id: cet-12477
      author: None
       title: cet-12477
        date: 2022-06-29
       words: 3052
      flesch: 53
     summary: Borella M., Casazza A.A., Garbarino G., Riani P., Busca G., 2022, A study of pyrolysis products of Kraft lignin, Energies, in press Busca G., 2021, Production of Gasolines and Monocyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons: From Fossil Raw Materials to Green Processes, Energies, 14, 4061. One of the open points on which we would like to go deeper is the behavior of sulfur impurities upon the pyrolysis of Kraft lignin.
    keywords: gas; kraft; lignin; liquid; products; pyrolysis; sulfur
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        item: #2452 of 7527
          id: cet-12478
      author: None
       title: cet-12478
        date: 2022-06-29
       words: 3345
      flesch: 48
     summary: The work studied microbial oil production from the oleaginous yeast Metschnikowia pulcherrima using sucrose, wheat straw and distillery waste. Figure 1: BFD for microbial oils production from lignocellulosic biomass 638 Table 1: Wheat Straw data, technical input and economic parameters used in the analysis Feedstock data Technical input Economic data Feedstock flowrate (tWET/h)
    keywords: analysis; biomass; biorefinery; cost; energy; lignocellulosic; oil; production; steam
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        item: #2453 of 7527
          id: cet-12479
      author: None
       title: cet-12479
        date: 2022-06-29
       words: 2727
      flesch: 45
     summary: Coffee capsules body have been produced by injection moulding starting from the optimized formulations, based on the PHBV/CS system, and were characterized in terms of migration properties in contact with simulants. Mechanical properties of a commercial poly(propylene), the most applied material for coffee capsules body, are reported for comparison.
    keywords: biocomposites; body; capsules; coffee; migration; pca; phbv
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        item: #2454 of 7527
          id: cet-1248
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - CET--006.docx
        date: 2017-07-25
       words: 3669
      flesch: 45
     summary: Chemical emergency supply chain risk analysis 2.1 Definition of chemical emergency supply chain risk In this paper, the chemical emergency supply chain risk of which value is range 0 from 1 is defined as the non- operational risk of the node in chemical emergency supply chain. Chemical emergency supply chain risk includes internal and external risk.
    keywords: chemical; chemical emergency; emergency supply; evaluation; node; quantity; risk; supply chain
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        item: #2455 of 7527
          id: cet-12480
      author: None
       title: cet-12480
        date: 2022-06-29
       words: 3769
      flesch: 42
     summary: However, higher cellulose content was observed in static condition (4 mg/cm3) than in other conditions (3 mg/cm3). Table 1: Formulations of bacterial cell culture media in water (%w/v) YGC HS Y Z Glucose Yeast extract Peptone CSP CaCO3 Na2HPO4 (COOH)CH2COOHH2O (NH4)2SO4 KH2PO4 MgSO47H2O 5 0.5 - - 1.25 - - - - - 2 0.5 0.5 - - 0.27 0.115 - - - 5 0.5 - - - - - 0.5 0.3 0.005 2 - - 2 - - - 0.4 0.2 0.04 650 2.3 Characterization Yield and nanocellulose content were calculated according to Eq(1) and Eq(2), respectively.
    keywords: carbon; cellulose; culture; media; nanocellulose; nitrogen; okara; production; source; yield
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        item: #2456 of 7527
          id: cet-12481
      author: None
       title: cet-12481
        date: 2022-06-29
       words: 3446
      flesch: 49
     summary: These components can remove the particulate thanks to their porous filtering structure, and then their internal cavity can be used to place commercial catalyst pellets in order to perform catalytic tar steam reforming directly in the freeboard of the gasifier (Heidenreich and Foscolo, 2015). N2 was selected to simulate the flow rate of the actual syngas, in order to allow the specific quantification of tar conversion due to catalytic steam reforming by carbon balance, being an inert gas.
    keywords: biomass; catalyst; conversion; gasification; steam; tar; temperature
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        item: #2457 of 7527
          id: cet-12482
      author: None
       title: cet-12482
        date: 2022-06-29
       words: 4263
      flesch: 52
     summary: It has been reported that a high salt concentration, about 10 g L-1, adversely affect performance of biological WW treatments due to plasmolysis and/or loss of cell activity (Abou-Elela et al., 2010). Sullivan Graham, E.J., Dean, C.A., Yoshida, T.M., Twary, S.N., Teshima, M. et al., 2017, Oil and gas produced water as a growth medium for microalgae cultivation: A review and feasibility analysis.
    keywords: dunford; growth; lutzu; microalgae; oil; treatment; water
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        item: #2458 of 7527
          id: cet-12483
      author: None
       title: cet-12483
        date: 2022-06-29
       words: 3124
      flesch: 44
     summary: Manoj Kumaar C., Mageswari M., 2021, Thermal analysis on self-healing concrete using polyvinyl alcohol, International Journal of Ambient Energy, 42(2), 220–226. Manvith Kumar Reddy C., Ramesh B., Macrin D., 2020, Effect of crystalline admixtures, polymers and fibers on self healing concrete - a review. A slight increase was also observed in the mechanical properties of healed concrete samples with varying self- healing materials: SiO2 (5.1 % T, 60.1 % C), UF@SiO2 (3.9 % T, 4.5 % C), and DNC-UF@SiO2 (5.5 % T, 7.1 % C).
    keywords: concrete; dnc; durian; healing; materials; nanocellulose; self; uf@sio2
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        item: #2459 of 7527
          id: cet-12484
      author: None
       title: cet-12484
        date: 2022-06-29
       words: 3095
      flesch: 51
     summary: 3.4 Effect of LPS PVA membrane It was established that LPS has a chromogenic reaction to Hg2+ and Pb2+. Polyvinyl alcohol (99+%, 85,000- 124,000MW, Sigma-Aldrich, USA) and acetone (99.5%, 58.08MW, Ajax Finechem Pty Ltd, Australia) were utilized for LPS membrane preparation.
    keywords: detection; figure; hg2; limonene; lps; membrane; pb2; pva; reaction; yellow
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        item: #2460 of 7527
          id: cet-12485
      author: None
       title: cet-12485
        date: 2022-06-29
       words: 3931
      flesch: 44
     summary: Puig-Arnavat, M., Bruno, J.C., and Coronas, A., 2010, Review and analysis of biomass gasification models, Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 14, Issue 9, 2841-2851. Although limited to small-scale application, biomass gasification in a downdraft gasifier has the benefit of producing low levels of tar (Puig-Arnavat et al., 2010) due to the high temperature oxidation and cracking reactions happening in a specific section of the gasifier immediately after tar is formed during pyrolysis.
    keywords: biomass; ch4; char; downdraft; gasification; gasifier; model; oxidation; syngas
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        item: #2461 of 7527
          id: cet-12486
      author: None
       title: cet-12486
        date: 2022-06-29
       words: 3973
      flesch: 49
     summary: One-dimensional models for the conversion of biomass particles have been used for the simulation of large firing systems with moving grate and bulk biomass to describe the decomposition of each individual particle. Due to mass loss biomass particles shrink and porosity increases.
    keywords: biomass; chemical; conversion; heat; model; openfoam; particle; phase; pyrolysis; reaction; simulation
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        item: #2462 of 7527
          id: cet-12487
      author: None
       title: cet-12487
        date: 2022-06-29
       words: 3043
      flesch: 48
     summary: Many methods of forecasting crop yields have been developed – such as (Makarov et al., 2020). In general, the developed approach to forecasting crop yields can be represented by the diagram in Figure 4. Figure 4.
    keywords: crop; data; forecasting; methods; model; ndvi; yield
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        item: #2463 of 7527
          id: cet-12488
      author: None
       title: cet-12488
        date: 2022-06-29
       words: 4088
      flesch: 45
     summary: On the other hand, the yield, properties and reactivity of biocarbon depend highly on the selection of biomass feedstock and biocarbon production conditions. Additionally, for both the raw and reacted biocarbon BW 600-7.9bar, the SEM analysis revealed that it has more compact structure and intact surface than the other two samples.
    keywords: biocarbon; birch; co2; conditions; elements; gasification; production; reactivity; reactor
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        item: #2464 of 7527
          id: cet-12489
      author: None
       title: cet-12489
        date: 2022-06-29
       words: 3025
      flesch: 46
     summary: Therefore, this study aimed to perform a simulation and assess the economic feasibility of unit operations for HMF, levulinic acid, and formic acid production in aqueous medium using sugarcane bagasse as feedstock. In the pretreatment step, sugarcane bagasse is fractionated to obtain cellulose (a polymer consisting mainly of glucose monomers) as feedstock for HMF, levulinic acid, and formic acid production.
    keywords: acid; bagasse; biomass; hmf; levulinic; pretreatment; production; sugarcane
       cache: cet-12489.pdf
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        item: #2465 of 7527
          id: cet-1249
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - CET--006.docx
        date: 2017-07-25
       words: 3338
      flesch: 27
     summary: Approaches to risk classification forewarning and pre-control Risk classification forewarning and pre-control is realized by monitoring the real-time risk statuses of all operations, delivering alerting signals (red, orange, yellow and green) that correspond to operation risks monitored before, and adopting targeted defensive measures (both technological and administrative) so that lowering the risk level down to acceptable ranges(Zhao, 2009; Salzano, 2009; Sun, 2010). In terms of operation risk classification and management, there are national laws and regulations that stipulate 11 types of special operations (Wu, 1994; Gao and Wu, 1999; Luo et al., 2009).
    keywords: chemical; classification; control; index; level; operation; port; pre; risk; safety; storage
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        item: #2466 of 7527
          id: cet-12490
      author: None
       title: cet-12490
        date: 2022-06-29
       words: 4540
      flesch: 51
     summary: This indicates that it is important to monitor pyrolysis conditions and selection of appropriate and carbon sequestration (Zhang et al., 2019). Yang et al., 2019; Fidel et al.,2019; Jiang et al., 2020; Dejene and Tilahun, 2020).
    keywords: 2019; adsorption; biochar; biomass; et al; pyrolysis; removal; soil; surface; temperature
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        item: #2467 of 7527
          id: cet-12491
      author: None
       title: cet-12491
        date: 2022-06-29
       words: 3820
      flesch: 54
     summary: Duan et al. (2013) reported on rice husk combustion in a vortexing fluidized-bed combustor (VFBC) with flue gas recirculation. Duan F., Chyang C.S., Lin C.W., Tso J., 2013, Experimental study on rice husk combustion in a vortexing fluidized- bed with flue gas recirculation (FGR), Bioresource Technology, 134, 204-211.
    keywords: air; bed; combustion; excess; husks; rice; temperature
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        item: #2468 of 7527
          id: cet-12492
      author: None
       title: cet-12492
        date: 2022-07-08
       words: 4120
      flesch: 57
     summary: Therefore, the capability of dried onion to hold water is reduced up to 84.2% from fresh conditions. De 10-11, m2/s 2.16 5.95 14.06 31.10 68.97 3.3 Color Measurement The appearance of dried onion can be noticed as a parameter in deciding on the drying process.
    keywords: content; drying; moisture; onion; quercetin; temperature
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        item: #2469 of 7527
          id: cet-12493
      author: None
       title: cet-12493
        date: 2022-06-29
       words: 3069
      flesch: 47
     summary: Zhao K., Li S., Huang M., Shi X., Zheng G., Liu C., Dai K., Shen C., Yin R., Guo J.Z., 2019, Remarkably Anisotropic Conductive MWCNTs/Polypropylene Nanocomposites with Alternating Microlayers, Chemical Engineering Journal, 358, 924–935. 732 131cetChafidz.pdf Polypropylene Filled Nano-CaCO3 Composites: Effect of Nano-CaCO3 Loadings and Reprocessing on the Crystallization Behavior of the Nanocomposites Additionally, the DSC analysis results showed that the addition of nano-CaCO3 particles into PP matrix had increased the Tc of the PNCCs relatively to that of PP matrix.
    keywords: caco3; crystallization; nano; nanocomposites; pnccs
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        item: #2470 of 7527
          id: cet-12494
      author: None
       title: cet-12494
        date: 2022-06-29
       words: 3232
      flesch: 42
     summary: Some of these bioactive compounds have biocidal activity against bacteria, fungi and some insects, which has allowed us to consider the potential of avocado seed extracts as a biopesticide; however, it is important to continue investigating these properties and correlating them with the identified metabolites. The insecticidal activity of avocado seed extracts has been evaluated on different occasions in various studies, both for insect species with ecological relevance, and for arthropod vectors of microorganisms.
    keywords: acid; activity; avocado; compounds; extracts; insecticidal; seed
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        item: #2471 of 7527
          id: cet-12495
      author: None
       title: cet-12495
        date: 2022-06-29
       words: 3598
      flesch: 55
     summary: In this study, biodiesel composition data were applied for assessment of predictive methods of KV at 40 °C. “Flow Properties of Biodiesel Fuel Blends at Low Temperatures.”
    keywords: aad; algae; analysis; biodiesel; data; esters; fuel; method; prediction; vegetable
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        item: #2472 of 7527
          id: cet-12496
      author: None
       title: cet-12496
        date: 2022-06-29
       words: 2809
      flesch: 51
     summary: Cofermenter (Vegetable waste: potato peelings and beets) (g) M1 M1R1 1.7 - M1R2 1.7 - M1R3 1.7 - M2 M2R1 1.2 500 M2R2 1.2 500 M2R3 1.2 500 Figure 4: Anaerobic sludge digestion process activated sludge sludge loading in biodigester Fermentation stage Acetogenic stage Methanogenic stage Biogas Figure 1: Plant residues added to the inoculum Figure 2: Biodigester load Figure 3: Control of the biodigester 746  Renewable energies will be in the future the greatest existing energy on the planet to achieve, within it in wastewater treatment plants (WWTP) waste is generated in the form of sludge that are mostly poorly disposed without receiving adequate treatment, these sludge with nutrient load and characteristics conducive to obtaining energy can be exploited from biogas containing methane (CH4) (Aguilar and Blanco, 2018), being this of high energy value (Martins das Neves et al., 2009), evaluating the physical-chemical parameters to control the volume of biogas production for greater energy efficiency (Huanca, 2017).
    keywords: anaerobic; biogas; days; digestion; energy; methane; production; sludge; treatment
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        item: #2473 of 7527
          id: cet-12497
      author: None
       title: cet-12497
        date: 2022-06-29
       words: 2507
      flesch: 44
     summary: Figure 6: Relationship between deformation and stress for bagasse and pineapple samples For the mixture of sugarcane bagasse and pineapple bud components, a 1:2 ratio was used, whose test generated the results of the relationship between deformation and stress shown in Figure 7a, showing that for sample M9 there is a deformation of 35%. Thus, the main purpose of this research was to produce ecological roofing calamines from pineapple buds and sugarcane bagasse in order to reduce the large amount of organic waste from fruit markets.
    keywords: bagasse; bud; calamines; figure; pineapple; production; sugarcane; waste
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        item: #2474 of 7527
          id: cet-12498
      author: None
       title: cet-12498
        date: 2022-07-13
       words: 3478
      flesch: 40
     summary: The position of injection point in the tube and the scheme of the developed system is shown in Figure 2. 2 Figure 2: Scheme of particle tracking model principle in the cross-sectional view of HT PBR transparent tube, H represents the distance of the particle from the irradiated wall, d indicates the tube diameter 2.3 Model of light attenuation In cultivation systems that work with a wide layer of culture medium, the intensity of mixing can affect the efficiency of microalgae production. Systems with intensive mixing and a large layer of culture medium can thus achieve higher productions than systems that work with a smaller layer of unmixed culture medium.
    keywords: cells; culture; culture medium; light; medium; microalgae; model; tube
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        item: #2475 of 7527
          id: cet-12499
      author: None
       title: cet-12499
        date: 2022-07-13
       words: 3231
      flesch: 50
     summary: Some differences were detected in the quality of the final product using kombucha starters with different ages. 8 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Symbiotic_bacteria https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bacteria https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yeast The pH changes in the fermentation media prepared with kombucha starters of different ages are presented in Figure 1. Figure 1: Dynamic pH profiles of kombucha beverages prepared with starters of different ages (MSE = 0.005)
    keywords: co2; fermentation; kombucha; starter; sugar; temperature
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        item: #2476 of 7527
          id: cet-125
      author: TW
       title: cet-125
        date: 2017-10-04
       words: 2740
      flesch: 55
     summary: The first part describes previous work on DPC process and compares the conventional process with the heat integration process (Cheng et al., 2013). The second part presents a new design for DPC process, based on the boiling point ranking of the components.
    keywords: column; design; dpc; feed; process
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        item: #2477 of 7527
          id: cet-1250
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - CET--006.docx
        date: 2017-07-25
       words: 3052
      flesch: 39
     summary: The sooner the risks are identified, the sooner the measures are taken, the lower the costs of project risk management are (Liu et al., 2012; Cormos and Cormos, 2011). Countermeasures for project risk management 4.1 Risk control strategy In light of the focuses of project risk control that are analyzed previously, the countermeasures of risk management are given respectively.
    keywords: chemical; coal; coal chemical; construction; management; points; project; risk; risk management
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        item: #2478 of 7527
          id: cet-12500
      author: None
       title: cet-12500
        date: 2022-07-13
       words: 3207
      flesch: 43
     summary: The present study evaluated the biodegradation potential of waste rubber tires by enzymatic action of a white rot fungus (Pleurotus Ostreatus). It was found that the amount of biomass formed (fungal growth) is proportional to the concentration of waste tire rubber in the culture medium.
    keywords: biodegradation; days; fungi; fungus; potential; rot; rubber; substrate; tire; waste
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        item: #2479 of 7527
          id: cet-12501
      author: None
       title: cet-12501
        date: 2022-07-13
       words: 3235
      flesch: 48
     summary: 23 León Espinoza, M. and Lucero Peralta, A.M., 2009, Estudio de Eichhornia crassipes, Lemna gibba y Azolla filiculoides en el tratamiento biológico de aguas residuales domésticas en sistemas comunitario y unifamiliares del cantón Cotacachi (Bachelor's thesis). ISBN 978-88-95608-91-4; ISSN 2283-9216 Eichhornia crassipes and Pistia stratiotes as Biosorbents for Lead, Copper and Zinc in Wastewater Treatment Marina V. Ayme Estacio, Carlos A. Castañeda-Olivera*, Elmer G. Benites Alfaro Universidad César Vallejo, Campus Los Olivos, Lima, Perú caralcaso@gmail.com
    keywords: copper; crassipes; eichhornia; lead; pistia; stratiotes; treatment; water; zinc
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        item: #2480 of 7527
          id: cet-12502
      author: None
       title: cet-12502
        date: 2022-07-13
       words: 3189
      flesch: 44
     summary: The present work aims to investigate the effect of the stirring speed on the initial glucose production rate over 60 min of enzymatic hydrolysis of alkali pre-treated CSS and to analyse the biomass modifications occurring along the first 24h of the enzymatic conversion process. In the second step, enzymatic hydrolysis of polysaccharides was initiated by increasing the temperature up to 50°C that is the optimal conditions for cellulase activity.
    keywords: biomass; css; hydrolysis; min; production; rate; size; stirring
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        item: #2481 of 7527
          id: cet-12503
      author: None
       title: cet-12503
        date: 2022-07-13
       words: 3169
      flesch: 48
     summary: 34 Table 3: Simulation results for CO2 enzymatic absorption and 1,2 DHB enzymatic carboxylation according to methods reported in section 2. References Bernhardsen I. M., Knuutila H., 2017, A review of potential amine solvents for CO2 absorption process: Absorption capacity, cyclic capacity and pKa, International Journal of Greenhouse Gas Control, 61, 27-48.
    keywords: absorption; bicarbonate; carboxylation; co2; enzymatic; equilibrium; process; 𝐻𝐶𝑂3 −]𝑂𝑈𝑇
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        item: #2482 of 7527
          id: cet-12504
      author: None
       title: cet-12504
        date: 2022-07-13
       words: 4066
      flesch: 48
     summary: However, not all the tested conditions resulted in the formation of the well-formed compact cakes of BSG tempeh, although Batch Raw BSG I II III IV Temperature Further research is needed to assess other sensory properties of BSG tempeh, to investigate its proteomic profile in this type of SSF, and to characterize potential mycotoxins that might be produced during the fungal growth.
    keywords: bsg; fermentation; growth; oligosporus; protein; samples; ssf; tempeh
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        item: #2483 of 7527
          id: cet-12505
      author: None
       title: cet-12505
        date: 2022-07-13
       words: 3784
      flesch: 48
     summary: In any case, the obtained results 89.8 for the DI H2O system, 47.1 for the 0.1 M NaOH and 34.5 MJ/Kg DM ext for the 0.5 M NaOH systems are in line with reference values for protein extracts, e.g., 38.4 MJ/kg for soybean protein isolate, 39.0 MJ/kg for lupins protein isolate (although these figures correspond to larger scales, where certain energy expenses are probably optimized) (Agri-footprint-5, 2021). The extraction dynamics followed a similar trend based on the protein content in the extracts; although, these measurements exhibit a greater standard deviation due to the uncertainties in the measurement of protein content in complex biomasses.
    keywords: bsg; content; energy; extraction; extracts; measurements; naoh; protein; water
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        item: #2484 of 7527
          id: cet-12506
      author: None
       title: cet-12506
        date: 2022-07-13
       words: 4134
      flesch: 45
     summary: The composition of the gas phase in SFB systems reached 33.40 % v/v of H2, while the WK and WK+SFB systems was higher than 95.00 % v/v. Hence, the higher hydrogen yields (8.09 LH2/kgTS0) were attained for the mixed inocula. Since WK and WK+SFB also contain a large proportion of yeasts during storage, the community composition could have been modified and the effects were reflected as lower gas production.
    keywords: bacteria; ethanol; gas; inocula; inoculum; myb; production; sfb; substrate; tests
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        item: #2485 of 7527
          id: cet-12507
      author: None
       title: cet-12507
        date: 2022-07-13
       words: 3512
      flesch: 44
     summary: Through the present investigation, it was possible to establish methodologies and achieve reasonable LA production with Bacillus subtilis strains, in addition, 3 promising strains for the production of LA in the country were identified. The strains which were tested for LA production from glucose.
    keywords: analysis; bacillus; conditions; doi; glucose; production; strains; subtilis
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        item: #2486 of 7527
          id: cet-12508
      author: None
       title: cet-12508
        date: 2022-07-13
       words: 2911
      flesch: 42
     summary: In other works, organic solvents are used in the manufacture of OO nanocapsules, such as acetone and ethyl acetate, which can have harmful effects on health (Esmail & Gholami, 2015). 3.2 Qualitative determination of OO release by staining with Sudam III Figure 5 shows the results of the Sudam III stain to qualitatively evaluate the OO release of the capsules in a saliva solution using a 50:50 solution of cyclohexane and artificial saliva as control.
    keywords: electrospray; food; min; nanocapsules; release; saliva; solution
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        item: #2487 of 7527
          id: cet-12509
      author: None
       title: cet-12509
        date: 2022-07-13
       words: 3998
      flesch: 40
     summary: Based on the metabolomic analysis, E. faecium ST10Bz was found to produce additional antimicrobials, including different organic acids: γ-hydroxybutiric acid (3.09 times increase compared to the control), mevalonic acid (1.62 times increase), oleic acid (3.48 times increase), glyoxylic acid (1.73 times increase), pyruvic acid (5.83 times increase), lactic acid (1.68 times increase), benzoic acid (2.45 times increase), β-phenyllactic acid (12.11 times increase), and phenethylamine (30.26 times increase), which may play role in the prevention of the colonization in the gut by pathogens, in addition to the previously studied antimicrobial enterocins it could produce. Based on the metabolomic analysis, E. faecium ST10Bz was found to produce additional antimicrobials, including lactic acid, β-phenyllactic acid, and phenethylamine, which may play role in the prevention of the colonization in the gut by pathogens, in addition to the previously studied antimicrobial enterocins it could produce.
    keywords: acid; analysis; doi; et al; faecium; faecium st10bz; metabolites; production; properties; st10bz; strain; times
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        item: #2488 of 7527
          id: cet-1251
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - CET--006.docx
        date: 2017-07-25
       words: 2484
      flesch: 55
     summary: Hazardous chemical logistics center involves many aspects. The second step used the AHP to conduct the warrant analysis between the criterions and get the total assessed value. DOI: 10.3303/CET1759185 Please cite this article as: Jianfeng Luo, Jianlan Guo, 2017, Research on location of hazardous chemical logistics center based on improved topsis method, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 59, 1105-1110 DOI:10.3303/CET1759185 1105
    keywords: center; chemical; logistics; method; topsis
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        item: #2489 of 7527
          id: cet-12510
      author: None
       title: cet-12510
        date: 2022-07-13
       words: 2986
      flesch: 51
     summary: Figure 1: The PRN geometry with gas spargers modification, (a) original, (b) new sparger 74 Table 1. The simulations show that ring spargers enhance mass transfer by ensuring a high level of gas phase holdup with the axial dispersion compared to the pipe spargers.
    keywords: ammonia; chemical; design; figure; gas; liquid; mass; model; phase; preneutralizer; sparger
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        item: #2490 of 7527
          id: cet-12511
      author: None
       title: cet-12511
        date: 2022-07-13
       words: 3137
      flesch: 58
     summary: The component of silicon dioxide (SiO2) recovered from rice husk ash extraction in NaOH 3M and HCl 2M conditions was 80.2%. X-ray Diffractometer (XRD), X-ray Fluorescence Spectrometer (XRF), and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) techniques were used to examine the components of rice husk ash before and after extraction.
    keywords: ash; extraction; hcl; husk; husk ash; naoh; rice; rice husk; silica
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        item: #2491 of 7527
          id: cet-12512
      author: None
       title: cet-12512
        date: 2022-07-13
       words: 2967
      flesch: 44
     summary: The performance of the system was evaluated primarily in terms of the electric current generation, toluene oxidation, TCE removal, reductive dechlorination (RD) products formation, and coulombic efficiency. As shown in Figure 2F, the sum of the reductive dehalogenation products (expressed as electron equivalents) follows the same trend of TCE removal, confirming the increase of biocatalytic activity of the dehalogenating bacteria in the polarized run.
    keywords: figure; groundwater; products; reactor; removal; system; tce; toluene
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        item: #2492 of 7527
          id: cet-12514
      author: None
       title: cet-12514
        date: 2022-07-13
       words: 2809
      flesch: 34
     summary: Figure 4: Animal feed production system. In conclusion, LCA has generally been used to assess and improve product systems.
    keywords: cycle; extraction; feed; lca; life; production; products
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        item: #2493 of 7527
          id: cet-12515
      author: None
       title: cet-12515
        date: 2022-07-13
       words: 3780
      flesch: 37
     summary: The syringe pump delivered the polymer solution at a controlled feed rate between 0.5 and 1.5 mL/h, while the voltage was varied from 18 to 27 kV. 2.4 Properties 2.4.1 Quantification of OEO bioactive compounds A gas chromatography−mass spectrometry (GC-MS) (qualitative and quantitative) analysis was performed for the evaluation of the biological activity of the essential oil. Zein (ZN) Uniaxial - 1.5 25 17 Ζein – OEO Uniaxial - 1.5 25 17 WPI:pul (30:70w/w) Uniaxial - 1.5 18 18 WPI:pul – OEO Coaxial 0.5 1.5 18 18 3.3 Encapsulation Efficiency (EE)
    keywords: efficiency; encapsulation; matrice; oeo; process; pul; results; solution; wpi; zein
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        item: #2494 of 7527
          id: cet-12516
      author: None
       title: cet-12516
        date: 2022-07-13
       words: 3010
      flesch: 42
     summary: Figure 2: PSDs of CA/RUT particles produced using 0.5 wt% CA concentration, P=140 bar, E=30 kV. Figure 3: Particles of CA/RUT particles produced using 0.5 wt% CA concentration, RUT concentration equal to 5 wt% with respect to CA, P=140 bar, E=30 kV. With the aim of providing the effective encapsulation of RUT in CA particles and giving information about the chemical/physical interactions between RUT and CA, the IR spectra are reported in Figure 4. 112 Figure 4: IR spectra of CA powder (black line); RUT powder (red line); CA/RUT particles (blue line). Indeed, CA solutions were loaded with a poorly-water soluble compound, rutin (RUT), to improve its bioavailability.
    keywords: acetate; bar; cellulose; electrospray; microparticles; particles; rut; wt%
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        item: #2495 of 7527
          id: cet-12517
      author: None
       title: cet-12517
        date: 2022-07-13
       words: 2521
      flesch: 50
     summary: Oriented and uniform ES fibers have the potential to research for example cartilage, tendon, and nerve tissue; and more disperse SBS fibers could be applied for example to bone and skin research. FTIR results for PCL fiber fabricated by SBS and ES.
    keywords: collector; fibers; figure; pcl; sbs; solution; spinning
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        item: #2496 of 7527
          id: cet-12518
      author: None
       title: cet-12518
        date: 2022-07-13
       words: 3130
      flesch: 43
     summary: The monitoring of microbial growth and its physiology allow to infer that the cells did not present stress when changing from an orbital shaking agitation to a continued stirred reactor, this system may favour oxygen mixing and transfer processes which may influence cell integrity 122 and increase in protein production (Bagagli and Sato 2013). Table 2: Protein production at Flask and Bioreactor level 1Average Production Enzyme; 2Percentage Improvement Production compared whit flask level 0,0 0,2 0,4 0,6 0,8 1,0 1,2 1,4 1,6 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 O pt ic al D en si ty 5 95 (n m )
    keywords: agitation; bioreactor; coli; polymerase; production; protein; rpm; taq; test
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        item: #2497 of 7527
          id: cet-12519
      author: None
       title: cet-12519
        date: 2022-07-13
       words: 2342
      flesch: 52
     summary: The purpose of the presented work is to develop a CFD model that is supplementary to mass transfer experiments in photobioreactors under CO2-enriched conditions. • Predicted mass transfer rate is sensitive to the estimate of the average bubble diameter and slip velocity of the bubbles through the penetration model and surface-to-volume ratio of the bubble.
    keywords: aeration; co2; gas; mass; model; numerical; photobioreactor; transfer
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        item: #2498 of 7527
          id: cet-1252
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - CET--006.docx
        date: 2017-07-25
       words: 3500
      flesch: 52
     summary: DOI: 10.18280/ijht.330427 Farahbakhsh H., Ugursal V.I., Fung A.S, 1998, A residential end use energy consumption model for Canada. China's energy demand structure is being turned to oil and natural gas, what will change DOI: 10.3303/CET1759186 Please cite this article as: Minghui Tian, 2017, Analysis of the future petrochemical industry consumption in chinese energy structure based on lotka-volterra model, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 59, 1111-1116 DOI:10.3303/CET1759186 1111 in energy consumption structure, is an important problem concerned by this paper.
    keywords: coal; consumption; energy; energy consumption; gas; model; oil; population; structure
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        item: #2499 of 7527
          id: cet-12520
      author: None
       title: cet-12520
        date: 2022-07-13
       words: 3602
      flesch: 56
     summary: (2018), in order to guarantee carbon availability to the inoculum and promote VFAs production. It allowed to explain the different kinetics of VFAs production from SCG.
    keywords: food; production; rfw; substrates; vfas; waste
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        item: #2500 of 7527
          id: cet-12521
      author: None
       title: cet-12521
        date: 2022-07-13
       words: 4259
      flesch: 48
     summary: Successfully, maltodextrin & alginate (80:1 ratio) mixture with water in oil emulsion (80:20 ratio) was applied in flaxseed oil using whey protein isolate as emulsifier agent (Fioramonti et al., 2017). Therefore, this study aims to develop from alginate/maltodextrins and optimization process to determine its effects on phytosterols content, oxidation stability, solubility, and water activity of palm oil in a freeze-drying process.
    keywords: alginate; content; drying; food; maltodextrin; oil; phytosterols; solubility; stability; water
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        item: #2501 of 7527
          id: cet-12522
      author: None
       title: cet-12522
        date: 2022-07-13
       words: 2964
      flesch: 44
     summary: Figure 3: Energy generated in microbial cell 1 3.3 Energy generated in Microbial Cell 2 (C2) An emerging biotechnology application is the generation of energy using microbial fuel cells where microorganisms are used to convert the chemical energy in a substrate into electrical energy through metabolic activity by transferring electrons to an anode electrode which, when placed in circuit with a cathode chamber separated by a proton membrane, produces electrical energy (Revelo et al., 2013).
    keywords: aeruginosa; bacteria; cell; energy; pseudomonas; sludge
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        item: #2502 of 7527
          id: cet-12523
      author: None
       title: cet-12523
        date: 2022-07-13
       words: 3102
      flesch: 42
     summary: This biofilm was less efficient than the Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilm in reducing cyanide; however, these reductions do not reach the level of the maximum permissible limits of the Peruvian standard, which is 1 mg/L (MINAM, 2010), taking into account that cyanide is lethal with an intake of 2-5 mg/kg of body weight (Agudelo C. et al., 2010) Figure 6: Reduction of cyanide with Pseudomona aeruginosa biofilm Figure 7: Cyanide reduction with Escherichia coli biofilm The physicochemical properties of the wastewater after being treated with the biofilms are presented in Table 6, the pH decreased due to the acids generated by the bacteria but remains in the optimal range for bacterial population growth. For cyanide-contaminated wastewater contaminated with cyanide have used as bioremediation medium Pseudomonas pseudoalcaligenes which is able to grow in cyanide medium as the only source of nitrogen, they synthesize by metabolism the enzymes nitrilases and oxidases that provide the carbon to transform cyanide, at alkaline pH, it was possible to biodegrade up to 90 % in 8 days (Carmona, 2016); something similar was done with the biological detoxification of water from a reactor, with the same bacterial strain Pseudomonas pseudoalcaligenes in alkaline medium, controlling the pH (at 10) to avoid volatilizing hydrogen cyanide (HCN) 151 and dissolved oxygen (10%) decreasing cyanide by 2. 8 mg CN/L (Huertas et al., 2010).
    keywords: aeruginosa; biofilm; coli; cyanide; days; escherichia; treatment; water
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        item: #2503 of 7527
          id: cet-12524
      author: None
       title: cet-12524
        date: 2022-07-13
       words: 3367
      flesch: 46
     summary: However, the H2S and NH3 oxidation was affected by the daily changes in gas concentration. The increase of gases concentration at the last week of the dry season resulted in a gradual decrease of H2S and NH3 removal efficiency for both biofilters.
    keywords: bed; biofilter; concentration; conditions; efficiency; gas; gases; h2s; nh3; removal
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        item: #2504 of 7527
          id: cet-12525
      author: None
       title: cet-12525
        date: 2022-07-13
       words: 4540
      flesch: 42
     summary: PHA end feast (wt/wt, %) Figure 3: Typical profile of dissolved oxygen (DO) concentration in the SBR operated under: (a) aerobic dynamic feeding (ADF, run 3); (b) or aerobic/anoxic (AE/ANOX, run 2) feeding strategy 3.2 SBR performance under different working conditions The performance of the three SBR runs has been evaluated in terms of average values of main process parameters (e.g., duration of the feast phase, intracellular PHA content, and polymer composition).
    keywords: conditions; feast; phase; run; sbr
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        item: #2505 of 7527
          id: cet-12526
      author: None
       title: cet-12526
        date: 2022-07-13
       words: 2731
      flesch: 50
     summary: F- ompT hsdSB (rB-mB-) gall dcm araB::T7RNAP tetA) was transformed by electroporation with a pET plasmid containing sequence encoding for CTPR10 protein. The fractionation was performed using the AKTA Start chromatography system (GE Healthcare Life Science, Uppsala, Sweden) as follows: 40 mg of total protein was loaded in a 5 ml column.
    keywords: batch; ctpr10; fed; fermentation; induction; production; proteins; total
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        item: #2506 of 7527
          id: cet-12527
      author: None
       title: cet-12527
        date: 2022-07-13
       words: 3124
      flesch: 45
     summary: Sunflower protein surpasses many crops on the content of essential amino acids and it is the second only to soybean seed protein content of lysine, but it differs more high digestibility and absence of enzyme inhibitors of trypsin (Shchekoldina, T., & Aider, M., 2014). However it is shown that the use of sunflower protein can compensate for the lack of protein in food (Bautista, J. et al., 2000), and biological conversion of SFM processing products allows producing feed additives enriched with microbial protein (Bautista, J. et al., 1990).
    keywords: alkaline; enzyme; extraction; food; isolate; meal; protein; protex; sunflower
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        item: #2507 of 7527
          id: cet-12528
      author: None
       title: cet-12528
        date: 2022-07-13
       words: 2768
      flesch: 42
     summary: Das et al. worked on drug and cell delivery systems to regenerate various tissues using gellan gum hydrogels showing promising results (Das and Giri 2020). The properties of gellan gum hydrogels blended with PVA or PVP containing curcumin were studied in view of a possible use in tissue engineering such as wound dressing.
    keywords: curcumin; gellan; gum; hydrogels; pva; pvp
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        item: #2508 of 7527
          id: cet-12529
      author: None
       title: cet-12529
        date: 2022-07-13
       words: 3149
      flesch: 39
     summary: Figure 2: a) Tenebrio molitor larvae and b) Galleria mellonella larvae, acquired 2.4 Preparation of reservoirs for larvae In Figure 3, we can see the deposits prepared to house the larvae with the presence of the polymers, the larvae initially followed an adaptation process and adequate to guarantee survival during the fifteen days that the experiment lasted, in such a way that the environmental conditions exist that allow the adequate development of the larvae of Tenebrio molitor and Galleria mellonella, for the degradation of the selected microplastics PVC, EPS, PET. With the existing scientific literature on the subject, the research carried out aimed to make use of environmental biotechnology to verify the biodegradation of microplastics obtained on a beach on the Peruvian coast using Tenebrio molitor and Galleria mellonella larvae.
    keywords: days; degradation; figure; galleria; larvae; mellonella; molitor; polyethylene; polystyrene; tenebrio
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        item: #2509 of 7527
          id: cet-1253
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - CET--006.docx
        date: 2017-07-25
       words: 3214
      flesch: 49
     summary: In this paper, according to probability linguistic term set, we develop a new distance measure between two probability linguistic term sets and apply it to aggregate probability linguistic term information of different suppliers. Section 3 introduces probability linguistic term set and its distance measure, and then uses it to build assessment model.
    keywords: chain; linguistic; probability; supply; term
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        item: #2510 of 7527
          id: cet-12530
      author: None
       title: cet-12530
        date: 2022-07-13
       words: 4187
      flesch: 47
     summary: In practice, low HRT selected for a mixed consortium with high fermentation rate, but less efficient in the conversion of the organic matter into VFA. These results suggested that low HRT selected for a mixed consortium with high fermentation rate, but less efficient in the conversion of the organic matter into VFA.
    keywords: codsol; fermentation; hrt; sludge; vfa
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        item: #2511 of 7527
          id: cet-12531
      author: None
       title: cet-12531
        date: 2022-07-13
       words: 2678
      flesch: 43
     summary: Also, they concluded that PEG does not induce protein conformal alterations in low polymer concentrations, indicating that it stabilizes the protein conformation while protein unfolding occurs in high PEG concentration. [AR:PEG], the following equation is obtained: 201 𝐾𝐾 = 𝐶𝐶𝑏𝑏 (𝐶𝐶𝑏𝑏 – 𝐶𝐶𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟)(𝐶𝐶𝑏𝑏 – 𝐶𝐶𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝) (3) where CrHSA and 𝐶𝐶𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝 are the 𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟 and PEG analytical concentrations in solution.
    keywords: albumin; mixture; peg; phase; protein; rhsa; stability; water
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        item: #2512 of 7527
          id: cet-12532
      author: None
       title: cet-12532
        date: 2022-07-13
       words: 3826
      flesch: 55
     summary: Tzompa-Sosa, D. A., Yi, L., van Valenberg, H. J. F., van Boekel, M. A. J. S., Lakemond, C. M. M, 2014, Insect lipid profile: aqueous versus organic solvent-based extraction methods, Food Research International, 62(), 1087–1094. Slovak J. Food Sci., 12, 431– 437.
    keywords: barbecue; color; content; cricket; ecf; flour; food; protein; sauce
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        item: #2513 of 7527
          id: cet-12533
      author: None
       title: cet-12533
        date: 2022-07-13
       words: 2546
      flesch: 44
     summary: The chip’s basic concept was to create a central square chamber radially connected to four outer wells via separate channels: this design allowed to seed cancer cells in the central chamber and different cell types from metastatic target tissues in the other wells. The device was designed with a geometry that would allow for reliable AM features reproduction, while also optimizing the study of cancer cells behavior and their interactions with other tissues.
    keywords: cancer; cell; chip; device; injection; insert; molding
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        item: #2514 of 7527
          id: cet-12534
      author: None
       title: cet-12534
        date: 2022-07-13
       words: 3416
      flesch: 35
     summary: Reductive dechlorination rate and the consequent coulombic efficiency was influenced by the presence of side reductive reactions like nitrate and sulphate reduction. Dehalorespiring microorganisms can reduce PCE and TCE via reductive dechlorination (RD) while aerobic dechlorinating microorganisms oxidized low chlorinated compound such as cis-dichloroethylene (cDCE) and vinyl chloride (VC) into non harmful products.
    keywords: -350; -450; dechlorination; groundwater; rate; reactor
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        item: #2515 of 7527
          id: cet-12535
      author: None
       title: cet-12535
        date: 2022-07-13
       words: 3611
      flesch: 42
     summary: Reducing power consumption efficiency and acetate production rates in all the tests conducted with A. woodii Reducing power consumption efficiency (%) Acetate production rate (mg/Ld) Hydrogenophilic pH 7.5 36 9 Hydrogenophilic pH 5.5 17 10 Bioelectrochemical 58 19 4. This partial pressure of hydrogen seems to have caused the increase in acetate production, with a rate of 9.7mg/Ld.
    keywords: acetate; bioelectrochemical; hydrogenophilic; production; rate; tests; woodii
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        item: #2516 of 7527
          id: cet-12536
      author: None
       title: cet-12536
        date: 2022-07-13
       words: 3536
      flesch: 52
     summary: 1.89E-2 600.46 2) From air pipe (20 mm inner diameter) 15 1,23 1.79 E-05 74.68 3,92 7.65 E+03 3.33E-2 5.60 20 1,20 1.81 E-05 74.03 3.88 7.37 E+03 3.34E-2 5.53 25 1,18 1.83 E-07 73.41 3.85 7.11 E+03 3.38E-2 5.50 Table 2: Total energy loss and pressure drop in the air distribution system. The more significant pressure drop is associated with volume airflow loss.
    keywords: air; airflow; co2; culture; gas; loss; mass; microalgae; photobioreactor; pipe; transfer
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        item: #2517 of 7527
          id: cet-12537
      author: None
       title: cet-12537
        date: 2022-07-13
       words: 3672
      flesch: 54
     summary: The obtained results from the FTIR spectra of surfactant treatments on PET pieces in the presence of I. sakaiensis culture in HPP medium indicate no changes on PET pieces. Based on the results acquired from FTIR spectra of surfactant treatments on PET pieces in presence of I. sakaiensis culture in YSV, it can be interpreted that DTAB and Brij-35 have a higher impact on PET pieces in a defined medium.
    keywords: biofilm; degradation; dtab; medium; pet; pieces; plastics; sakaiensis; treatment
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        item: #2518 of 7527
          id: cet-12538
      author: None
       title: cet-12538
        date: 2022-07-13
       words: 4497
      flesch: 48
     summary: To further explore this potential, in the present work, WCO was used as substrate for Y. lipolytica W29 growth. 2.2 Sunrise Tecan™ growth conditions Y. lipolytica W29 growth was detected in the Sunrise Tecan™ plate reader (TECAN, Switzerland) complemented by Magellan™ software using a 96-well microplate.
    keywords: cell; growth; lipid; lipolytica; medium; production; w29; wco; yarrowia; yeast
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        item: #2519 of 7527
          id: cet-12539
      author: None
       title: cet-12539
        date: 2022-07-13
       words: 3835
      flesch: 53
     summary: Contrarily to biomass production (Table 1), higher lipase activity was shown in supernatants derived from WCO- containing cultures compared to OO and FFA-containing cultures despite other findings that suggest a significant correlation between high level of biomass production and lipase activity (Corzo and Revah, 1999). Results showed a direct correlation between carbon sources concentration and lipase activity with a few exceptions (lipase activity at 48 h in FFA).
    keywords: activity; carbon; lipase; lipolytica; production; wco; yarrowia
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        item: #2520 of 7527
          id: cet-1254
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - CET--006.docx
        date: 2017-07-25
       words: 2956
      flesch: 58
     summary: In order to ensure the safe operation of hazardous chemical supply chain, reduce the loss of personnel and cost, we must assess the risk of dangerous chemical supply chain. The risk assessment index of dangerous chemical supply chain Assessing the risk of hazardous chemical supply chain is a complex system assessment.
    keywords: chain; chemical; chemical supply; k k; risk; supply; supply chain
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        item: #2521 of 7527
          id: cet-12540
      author: None
       title: cet-12540
        date: 2022-07-13
       words: 3205
      flesch: 48
     summary: Others fatty acids that showed significant concentrations were the ethyl esters 16:0 (21%), 14:0 (15%) and 18:1ꙍ9 (11%). The FAEE that resulted in the lowest percentages were those referring to fatty acids 10:0 (1.7%), 14:1 (0.36%), 16:1ꙍ9 (0.94%) and 18:0 (1.2%).
    keywords: acids; cohnii; dha; esters; fatty; fraction; lipid; urea
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        item: #2522 of 7527
          id: cet-12541
      author: None
       title: cet-12541
        date: 2022-07-13
       words: 3862
      flesch: 51
     summary: The different composition of each fraction, which are enriched with higher bioactive compounds, offer a good variety of products more in accordance to potential subsequent applications depending on the polarity required, all from the same initial raw material, which contribute to low even more environmental impact of using this technique. DOI: 10.1007/s00217-019-03346-5 Díaz-Reinoso, B., Moure, A., Domínguez, H., & Parajó, J. C., 2006, ‘Supercritical CO2 extraction and purification of compounds with antioxidant activity’.
    keywords: antioxidant; co2; compounds; doi; ethanol; extraction; gaditana; microalgae; solvent; vol
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        item: #2523 of 7527
          id: cet-12542
      author: None
       title: cet-12542
        date: 2022-07-13
       words: 3597
      flesch: 52
     summary: As long as the OUR–based additive term (Eq(12)) represents the biomass-related (due to 𝑌𝑥𝑠(𝑡)) glucose consumption rate for biomass kinetics properties, there is one more missing term (denoted as 𝜎𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑡𝑒𝑠(𝑡)) in the balance of glucose concentration rate. Such portion of the oxygen uptake rate does not participate in biomass growth or maintenance- related state but instead increases the soluble by-product of metabolism.
    keywords: biomass; concentration; consumption; glucose; growth; rate
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        item: #2524 of 7527
          id: cet-12543
      author: None
       title: cet-12543
        date: 2022-07-13
       words: 4448
      flesch: 43
     summary: Moreover, for the calibration set, SEC and the R2 were 0.2244 and 0.9176, respectively for fried pizza samples and 0.1503 and 0.9219 respectively for wood oven cooked pizza samples. The optimized calibration was applied in scanning the NIR spectra of a new set of pizza samples to validate the created method.
    keywords: acrylamide; calibration; fried; nir; oven; pizza; pizza samples; samples; spectra; validation; wood
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        item: #2525 of 7527
          id: cet-12544
      author: None
       title: cet-12544
        date: 2022-07-13
       words: 2953
      flesch: 55
     summary: It can be noted that a difference has always been measured when working different configurations, thus implying the need for testing several geometries to find the one that allows to work at higher superficial gas velocities, and to obtain higher mass transfer rates. Scaling up bubble column reactors.
    keywords: aspect; gas; phb; production; ratio; transition; volume
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        item: #2526 of 7527
          id: cet-12545
      author: None
       title: cet-12545
        date: 2022-07-13
       words: 3908
      flesch: 51
     summary: Table 1: Main parameters of some aptamer that recognize E. coli O157:H7 cells and hybrid aptamer. In this work, we present the in-silico design of a new aptamer (named Apt917) capable of interacting with E. coli and its evaluation as a recognition element in electrochemical biosensors.
    keywords: apt917; aptamer; biosensor; coli; detection; e. coli; figure
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        item: #2527 of 7527
          id: cet-12546
      author: None
       title: cet-12546
        date: 2022-07-13
       words: 2900
      flesch: 37
     summary: In this work, microparticles of GnIH were generated using supercritical antisolvent process (SAS) and subsequently the process of encapsulation of the compound with a biodegradable polymer, Pluronic F-127, was studied. Precipitates of GnIH isolated and encapsulated together with the biodegradable polymer Pluronic F-127 were obtained by supercritical antisolvent process.
    keywords: antisolvent; gnih; hormone; particle; polymer; precipitation; process; size
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        item: #2528 of 7527
          id: cet-12547
      author: None
       title: cet-12547
        date: 2022-07-13
       words: 3329
      flesch: 48
     summary: The RAC values obtained for chitin samples were more than two times the values calculated for corresponding chitosans, indicating the occurrence of extensive deacetylation passing from chitin to chitosan. Interesting products can be obtained by chitin deacetylation: chitin nanofibrils, that represent the crystalline whisker-like part of the material, and chitosan.
    keywords: acetylation; chitin; chitosan; degree; nanofibrils; rac; samples; sources; spectra
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        item: #2529 of 7527
          id: cet-12548
      author: None
       title: cet-12548
        date: 2022-07-13
       words: 3330
      flesch: 58
     summary: The content of lipids is highest in the sample constituted by the only microalga Chlorella sp Pozzillo grown in sewage (31,66%±3,37), followed by the 19,41%±0,40 of the consortium of Chlorella sp. From Figure 1 it is possible to observe that Chlorella sp Pozzillo was able to growth in sewage and has a strong signal both through absorbance and fluorescence signals.
    keywords: biomass; chlorella; microalgae; pozzillo; sewage; sludge; wastewater
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        item: #2530 of 7527
          id: cet-12549
      author: None
       title: cet-12549
        date: 2022-07-13
       words: 3525
      flesch: 49
     summary: Figure 1 Response surface curve for the concentration of total polyphenols of extracts in mg GAE/L. Other authors have found that improvements in pulp extraction are achieved through alkaline hydrolysis. felipe.correa@profesores.uamerica.edu.co Coffee pulp is one of the most abundant residues in the coffee agroindustry.
    keywords: coffee; concentration; extraction; polyphenols; pulp; tannins
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        item: #2531 of 7527
          id: cet-1255
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - CET--006.docx
        date: 2017-07-25
       words: 2765
      flesch: 46
     summary: Therefore, the occupational health of workers exposed SO2 risk cannot be ignored, and the labor protection needs to be strengthened. Calculation of individual lifetime health risk caused by SO2: the RFD=0.023mg/kg.d and Table 2 data is introduced into the formula R=(D/RFD)*10-6, the population exposure to SO2 individual lifetime health risk R can be obtained.
    keywords: concentration; exposure; health; health risk; mortality; risk; so2; suzhou
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        item: #2532 of 7527
          id: cet-12550
      author: None
       title: cet-12550
        date: 2022-07-13
       words: 4384
      flesch: 44
     summary: As shown in Table 1, bean fermentation led to a reduction of WAC and WAI, from values of 4.55 ± 0.03 mL/g and 5.53 ± 0.04 g/g, respectively, in RB samples, to 3.90 ± 0.14 mL/g and 4.31 ± 0.13 g/g, respectively, in FB24. Lactic acid fermentation of cereals, legumes, fruits, and vegetables-based foods can be considered a simple and economical way of improving their nutritional and functional qualities, making them healthy non-dairy carriers to prepare pre, pro, and postbiotic foods.
    keywords: fermentation; food; growth; mixing; nigro; process
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        item: #2533 of 7527
          id: cet-12551
      author: None
       title: cet-12551
        date: 2022-07-13
       words: 3748
      flesch: 37
     summary: When comparing the behavior of the tested materials, it can be seen that the RVC foams synthesized in this study have high buoyancy and low water absorption compared to the polymeric sponges. Figure 2: FTIR spectrum for sucrose, resin and RVC foam
    keywords: absorption; capacity; carbon; crude; et al; foams; materials; oil; resin; rvc; sponges; sucrose; water
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        item: #2534 of 7527
          id: cet-12552
      author: None
       title: cet-12552
        date: 2022-07-13
       words: 3375
      flesch: 41
     summary: The development of a methodology for cell motility analysis as a function of the different stages of biofilm formation can be an innovative method to evaluate the influence of cell motility on biofilm morphology. ISBN 978-88-95608-91-4; ISSN 2283-9216 Bacterial Motility in Biofilm under Shear Flow Daniele Marra, Federica Recupido, Giuseppe Toscano, Sergio Caserta* Dipartimento di Ingegneria Chimica, dei Materiali e della Produzione Industriale DICMaPI, Università di Napoli Federico II, P.le V.Tecchio 80, 80125 Napoli, Italy sergio.caserta@unina.it A key role in bacteria surfaces contamination and biofilm development is played by cell motility and adhesion, that can be heavily dependent on flow conditions.
    keywords: analysis; biofilm; cell; conditions; flow; motility; shear; time; trajectories
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        item: #2535 of 7527
          id: cet-12553
      author: None
       title: cet-12553
        date: 2022-07-13
       words: 3722
      flesch: 57
     summary: Black garlic is produced through the natural aging of whole ordinary garlic under controlled conditions of high temperature and humidity for several days, without any artificial treatments or additives. The optimal process conditions and time were determined and the time of the browning of the cloves have been reduced considerably; the tests to produce black garlic are carried out with different temperature values (70-80-90°C) and different relative humidity values (70-80-90% RH).
    keywords: black; content; garlic; humidity; process; temperature; vol
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        item: #2536 of 7527
          id: cet-12554
      author: None
       title: cet-12554
        date: 2022-07-13
       words: 3116
      flesch: 48
     summary: Efecto del almacenamiento de bagazo de caña en las propiedades físicas de celulosa grado papel Effect of Storing of Sugar Cane Bagasse on Physical Properties from Cellulose for Paper. Evaluación de la obtención de celulosa partiendo del buchón de agua (eichhornia crassipes) mediante la hidrolisis básica y el proceso enzimático del hongo pleurotus ostreatus.
    keywords: bagasse; cellulose; filter; hydrolysis; media; sugarcane
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        item: #2537 of 7527
          id: cet-12555
      author: None
       title: cet-12555
        date: 2022-07-13
       words: 3597
      flesch: 46
     summary: 4. Conclusions This work shows how heterotrophic microalgae cultivation can be effectively conducted even without sterilization and aseptic procedures due to decoupled nutrient feeding. This latter strategy is the one adopted in the European Project MEWLIFE (MicroalgaE biomass from phototrophic-heterotrophic cultivation using olive oil Wastewaters) that aims to produce microalgal biomass in an integrated photo-heterotrophic cultivation system using preconcentrated (in a membrane filtration plant) olive oil mill wastewater (OOMWW) as carbon source for growing algae, thus contributing to waste reuse and valorisation.
    keywords: biomass; cultivation; fermenter; glucose; growth; microalgae; nitrogen; technique
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        item: #2538 of 7527
          id: cet-12556
      author: None
       title: cet-12556
        date: 2022-07-13
       words: 2600
      flesch: 47
     summary: Biomass conversion via the transesterification of palm oil sludge (POS) with methanol is a common route to synthesize fatty acid methyl esters (FAMEs) (Abdullah et al., 2017). In this work, we report a Fischer esterification in methanol of a sample of local palm oil sludge (rich in fatty acids) where a column chromatography fraction analysed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry matched an unexpected mixture of ethyl esters of oleic and palmitic acids, probably as result of a transesterification reaction that occurred during the extraction step using ethyl acetate in basic media.
    keywords: acid; esters; ethyl; fatty; liquid; mass
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        item: #2539 of 7527
          id: cet-12557
      author: None
       title: cet-12557
        date: 2022-07-13
       words: 3325
      flesch: 45
     summary: Water color is an important parameter in the assessment of water quality (Chen et al., 2021; Zobkov and Zobkova, 2020). The high specific surface area and pore volume, achieved with acid activation, allows to obtain good adsorbent materials, ideal for water treatment (Hoa et al., 2006).
    keywords: carbon; coconut; color; doi; endocarp; et al; removal; runoff; treatment; turbidity; water
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        item: #2540 of 7527
          id: cet-12558
      author: None
       title: Microsoft Word - PRES22_0064.docx
        date: 2022-08-25
       words: 8882
      flesch: 45
     summary: The comprehensive reviews have been regularly presented – for instance, in (Klemeš et al., 2018a) and other books such as (Klemeš et al., 2014) with a more recent second edition (Klemeš et al., 2018b). Since the very successful article developed by Čuček et al. (2012) that reviewed the environmental footprint analysis tools for monitoring impacts on sustainability, the environmental footprints relevant studies from the PRES team have been widely extended, including water footprint assessment (Jia et al., 2021), energy footprint analysis (Klemeš et al., 2020b), carbon emissions footprint quantification (Fan et al., 2018), waste footprint exploration (Klemeš et al., 2021a), and Carbon-Energy-Water (CEW) nexus discussions (Wang et al., 2021d).
    keywords: analysis; chemical; chemical engineering; covid-19; energy; engineering; et al; exchanger; fan; footprints; heat; integration; j.j; klemeš; klemeš et; klemeš j.j; optimisation; p.s; pinch; pres; process; transactions; varbanov; wang; waste; water
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        item: #2541 of 7527
          id: cet-12559
      author: None
       title: Microsoft Word - PRES22_0064.docx
        date: 2022-08-25
       words: 3740
      flesch: 62
     summary: Table 1: Definition of evaluated cases with integration in a pulp mill (CL: closed-loop, OL: open-loop, RWGS: reverse water gas shift process, CO2E: Conclusion The paper presents a study of the integration of FT process into a pulp mill.
    keywords: case; co2; gas; loop; process; pulp; reactor; rwgs; stream
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        item: #2542 of 7527
          id: cet-1256
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - CET--006.docx
        date: 2017-07-25
       words: 3369
      flesch: 30
     summary: : The return result of sustainable development chemical industrialization (take �̂�2 as an example). 2.3 Model establishment From the five aspects of economy, science and technology, information, human resources and environment, 10 indicators of sustainable development chemical industrialization index were selected.
    keywords: chemical; chemical industrialization; chemical industry; development; index; industrialization; industry; synergy; urbanization
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        item: #2543 of 7527
          id: cet-12561
      author: None
       title: Microsoft Word - PRES22_0064.docx
        date: 2022-08-25
       words: 3344
      flesch: 34
     summary: This variation of the operational factor was considered for the techno-economic assessment of flexible natural gas chemical looping combustion power plant. Table 3: Key performance indicators for natural gas CLC power plant (base load operation) Plant indicator Units Base load Input natural gas flowrate t/h 17.60 Natural gas lower calorific value MJ/kg 46.73 Input natural gas thermal energy MWth 228.45 Expander output MWe 58.23
    keywords: carrier; chemical; clc; combustion; energy; looping; oxygen; plant; power; storage
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        item: #2544 of 7527
          id: cet-12562
      author: None
       title: Microsoft Word - PRES22_0064.docx
        date: 2022-08-25
       words: 4296
      flesch: 43
     summary: Chong F.K., Lawrence K.K., Lim P.P., Poon M.C.Y., Foo D.C.Y., Lam H.L., Tan R.R., 2014, Planning of carbon capture storage deployment using process graph approach, Energy, 76, 641–651. Ong B.H.Y., Walmsley T.G., Atkins M.J., Walmsley M.R.W., 2017, Total site mass, heat and power integration using process integration and process graph, Journal of Cleaner Production, 167, 32–43. Orosz Á., Kovács Z., Friedler F., 2019, Synthesis of heat integrated processing systems taking into account reliability, Energy, 181, 214–225.
    keywords: approach; carbon; chemical; energy; engineering; et al; friedler; graph; process; systems; tan
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        item: #2545 of 7527
          id: cet-12563
      author: None
       title: Microsoft Word - PRES22_0064.docx
        date: 2022-08-25
       words: 2090
      flesch: 57
     summary: Global Wind Atlas is used for showing wind patterns and WRPLOT software plots wind class of sites. Methods Westerly wind patterns prevail in most parts of New Zealand.
    keywords: generation; new; patterns; power; wind; zealand
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        item: #2546 of 7527
          id: cet-12564
      author: None
       title: Microsoft Word - PRES22_0064.docx
        date: 2022-08-25
       words: 3412
      flesch: 37
     summary: This study addresses the research question ‘What methodologies and modelling tools do industrial organisations use to plan and subsequently achieve carbon emissions neutrality?’ For instance, The European Cement Association’s 2050 roadmap focusses on measures to reduce GHG emissions of each of its five processes (CEMBUREAU, 2020); however, these are presented as individual steps for each process rather than a step-by-step pathway to carbon emissions neutrality.
    keywords: carbon; dmaic; emissions; energy; methodology; neutrality; process; step
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        item: #2547 of 7527
          id: cet-12565
      author: None
       title: Microsoft Word - PRES22_0064.docx
        date: 2022-08-25
       words: 3900
      flesch: 49
     summary: It is estimated that the total volume of plastic waste can be reduced by 78% by 2040 using established technologies if only these options can be deployed optimally (Lau et al., 2020). Optimisation models have thus been proposed in recent literature to aid in managing plastic waste based on reverse supply chain concepts (Chaudhari et al., 2021).
    keywords: chemical; contaminant; engineering; plastic; problem; quality; recycling; sink; source; synthesis; waste
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        item: #2548 of 7527
          id: cet-12566
      author: None
       title: Microsoft Word - PRES22_0064.docx
        date: 2022-08-25
       words: 3730
      flesch: 37
     summary: Avami, A., 2012, A model for biodiesel supply chain: A case study in Iran, Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 16(6), 4196-4203. (economic optimization criterion) and the total annual costs with 240,576 ($) (environmental optimization criterion).
    keywords: biodiesel; chain; costs; criterion; optimization; production; supply
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        item: #2549 of 7527
          id: cet-12567
      author: None
       title: Microsoft Word - PRES22_0064.docx
        date: 2022-08-25
       words: 3405
      flesch: 59
     summary: Although research has been focused on improving the thermohydraulic performance of heat transfer plates, there is a need for techniques that allow the development of better prediction models of the Colburn factor (j) and friction factor (f) in plate heat exchangers, as well as design techniques based on the use of generalized correlations. The methodology uses the limiting solutions model to generate correlations that give improved predictions of the friction and Colburn factors by incorporating the thermohydraulic data of the laminar and turbulent region for heat transfer plates into a single conjugated expression.
    keywords: design; factor; heat; plate
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        item: #2550 of 7527
          id: cet-12568
      author: None
       title: Microsoft Word - PRES22_0064.docx
        date: 2022-08-25
       words: 3696
      flesch: 56
     summary: Mexico picon@ugto.mx As a result of the wide use of tubular heat exchangers in industry and considering the main heat transfer and friction limitations they possess compared to new technologies, heat transfer promoters of different shapes have appeared in recent years to improve their thermohydraulic performance. Durán-Plazas L.P., Picón-Núñez M., Minchaca-Mojica J.I., 2021, Selection of heat transfer promoters for heat exchanger retrofit, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 88, 523-528. Eiamsa-ard S., Kongkaitpaiboon V., Nanan K., 2013, Thermohydraulics of turbulent flow through heat exchanger tubes fitted with circular-rings and twisted tapes.
    keywords: case; drop; heat; performance; pressure; promoters; transfer; tube; turbulence
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        item: #2551 of 7527
          id: cet-12569
      author: None
       title: Microsoft Word - PRES22_0064.docx
        date: 2022-08-25
       words: 3617
      flesch: 44
     summary: The Monte Carlo simulation was computed using Microsoft Excel software by randomizing the uncertainties (microalgae growth productivity, M𝑃𝑟𝑜𝑑, biodiesel selling price, C𝐹𝐴𝑀𝐸, microalgae strain purchasing price, C𝑀𝐴, and microalgae FAME biodiesel productivity, P𝑀𝐴) according to their historical statistical data. One of the common approaches to perform stochastic optimization is via Monte Carlo simulation model.
    keywords: biodiesel; carlo; chain; fame; microalgae; model; study; supply; uncertainties; usd
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        item: #2552 of 7527
          id: cet-1257
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - CET--006.docx
        date: 2017-07-25
       words: 3659
      flesch: 48
     summary: This paper investigates the impact of joining the WTO on environmental pollution and analyzes whether coastal cities are more affected than inland cities. On the other hand, the trade protectionists believe that the globalization of trade liberalization is not the root cause of environmental pollution intensified (Caimo and Lomi, 2015).
    keywords: analysis; china; cities; emjc; environmental; gdp; model; pollution; trade; wto
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        item: #2553 of 7527
          id: cet-12571
      author: None
       title: Microsoft Word - PRES22_0064.docx
        date: 2022-08-25
       words: 4040
      flesch: 41
     summary: This study aims to summarise the Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) methods that consider the cascade utilisation and upcycling of a product which will also apply to the case of plastic recycling. In commenting on the future of plastic recycling, Garcia and Robertson (2017) highlight the importance of new low- energy catalysts and the development of decontamination techniques.
    keywords: allocation; assessment; cycle; environmental; et al; lca; life; plastic; recycling
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        item: #2554 of 7527
          id: cet-12572
      author: None
       title: Microsoft Word - PRES22_0064.docx
        date: 2022-08-25
       words: 3622
      flesch: 53
     summary: Figure 1: Methodology flowchart for game theory approach for P2P energy trading energy planning 4. Figure 2: (a) Schematic diagram of cooperative P2P energy trading model between players; (b) Daily energy usage of three players 94 Table 1: Cost factor for each time interval (Tenaga Nasional Berhad-Enhanced Time of Use (TOU) Tariff Scheme, 2014)
    keywords: coalition; electricity; energy; game; p2p; players; renewables
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        item: #2555 of 7527
          id: cet-12573
      author: None
       title: Microsoft Word - PRES22_0064.docx
        date: 2022-08-25
       words: 3493
      flesch: 52
     summary: The demands are mainly for high energy quality in pyrolysis processes (Figure 3). In this case, energy recycling (recovery and reuse) in a circular system provides an indirect linkage to the circularity performance of a system.
    keywords: energy; fuel; heat; pinch; plastic; quality; recycling; sustainability; system; waste
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        item: #2556 of 7527
          id: cet-12574
      author: None
       title: Microsoft Word - PRES22_0064.docx
        date: 2022-08-25
       words: 3649
      flesch: 48
     summary: This paper recognises the industrial need to optimise constraint resource conservation problems with various restrictions on flow allocation. In addition to the constraints inherited in the segregated targeting problems, allocation of some sources to specific demands may be forbidden in industrial practices due to corrosion and safety issues, operability and controllability issues, topological issues, etc.
    keywords: analysis; energy; pinch; problems; resource; sector; targeting; zone
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        item: #2557 of 7527
          id: cet-12575
      author: None
       title: Microsoft Word - PRES22_0064.docx
        date: 2022-08-25
       words: 3615
      flesch: 37
     summary: In this work, retrofitting the O&G industry with biomass conversion technology is proposed to strategize toward a circular industry with the deployment of data-driven optimization approach. Therefore, the developed model aims to aid key industrial players and the decision-makers to establish a strategic plan to foster CE in O&G industry via the integration of biomass conversion technologies.
    keywords: biomass; criteria; decision; energy; entropy; model; oil; pyrolysis; technology
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        item: #2558 of 7527
          id: cet-12576
      author: None
       title: Microsoft Word - PRES22_0064.docx
        date: 2022-08-25
       words: 3682
      flesch: 51
     summary: The optimisation model consists of irrigation electricity cost, ∅𝑡𝑡𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒, fertilizer cost, ∅(𝑗𝑗) 𝑓𝑓𝑒𝑒𝑓𝑓𝑡𝑡𝑓𝑓𝑒𝑒𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑒𝑒𝑓𝑓 and supplied water cost, ∅(𝑞𝑞)𝑤𝑤𝑤𝑤𝑡𝑡𝑒𝑒𝑓𝑓. ∅𝑝𝑝 𝑝𝑝𝑒𝑒𝑝𝑝𝑤𝑤𝑒𝑒𝑡𝑡𝑝𝑝 is the penalty cost that must be imposed to avoid additional purchases of fertilizer and water. Conclusively the highest cost is fertilizer cost (76 %), followed by water (17 %) and electricity (7 %) costs.
    keywords: blending; cost; fertigation; fertilizer; model; nutrient; optimisation; water; ∈ 𝑇𝑇
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        item: #2559 of 7527
          id: cet-12577
      author: None
       title: Microsoft Word - PRES22_0064.docx
        date: 2022-08-25
       words: 3884
      flesch: 48
     summary: A Novel Temperature vs Pressure drop Grid Diagram for Energy Saving in Heat Exchanger Network Retrofit Bohong Wanga, Olga Arsenyevab, Jiří Jaromír Klemešb,*, Petar Sabev Varbanovb aNational-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Harbour Oil & Gas Storage and Transportation Technology/Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Petrochemical Pollution Control, Zhejiang Ocean University, No. 1 This paper proposes a new Temperature vs Pressure drop (TVPD) Grid Diagram to consider the pressure drops in heat exchangers when retrofitting a heat exchanger network.
    keywords: design; drop; energy; exchanger; heat; heat exchanger; pressure; pressure drop; retrofit; transfer
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        item: #2560 of 7527
          id: cet-12579
      author: None
       title: Microsoft Word - PRES22_0064.docx
        date: 2022-08-25
       words: 4818
      flesch: 54
     summary: It means that for correct estimation of PHE heat transfer area, the determination of required corrugation inclination angle 𝛽 is of primary importance. Conclusions The method for estimation of PHE heat transfer area in case of air-stream mixture condensation is described.
    keywords: area; condensation; heat; heat transfer; phe; plate; process; transfer
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        item: #2561 of 7527
          id: cet-1258
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - CET--006.docx
        date: 2017-07-25
       words: 3359
      flesch: 41
     summary: Cost benefit analysis should first define the environmental cost and environmental benefit, which is the premise of environmental cost benefit analysis. Environmental costs and benefits are defined to internalize internalization of environmental gains and losses (Li et al., 2016).
    keywords: benefit; chemical; construction; cost; environmental; evaluation; loss; project
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        item: #2562 of 7527
          id: cet-12580
      author: None
       title: Microsoft Word - PRES22_0064.docx
        date: 2022-08-25
       words: 3912
      flesch: 46
     summary: The results of the cost of NIB pack on energy and power cells in terms of materials and total energy cost are summarized in Table 2, and an analogous figure is shown in Figure 4a. Since large-scale production of NIBs still lack commercial cost data, pack material costs of NIB cells were adapted from the works of Vaalma et al.
    keywords: applications; battery; cells; cost; energy; model; nib; nibs; power
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        item: #2563 of 7527
          id: cet-12581
      author: None
       title: Microsoft Word - PRES22_0064.docx
        date: 2022-08-25
       words: 3857
      flesch: 42
     summary: Nomenclature cp – isobaric specific heat, J/(kg·K) in – local current density, A/m2 T – local temperature, K t – time, s Ueq – equilibrium potential, V qB – battery heat generation, W/m3 qohm – ohmic heat generation, W/m3 qpol – polarization heat generation, W/m3 α – specific surface area, 1/m Choudhari, V. G., Dhoble, D. A. S., Sathe, T. M., 2020, A review on effect of heat generation and various thermal management systems for lithium ion battery used for electric vehicle.
    keywords: battery; discharge; generation; heat; lipo; lithium; model; multiphysics; soc; temperature
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        item: #2564 of 7527
          id: cet-12582
      author: None
       title: Microsoft Word - PRES22_0064.docx
        date: 2022-08-25
       words: 3316
      flesch: 46
     summary: The behavior of pure Mg cell and AZ31-based cell can be observed in a Tafel plot as shown in Figure 3. On the other hand, cell voltage is determined to be the difference between the two electrode reduction potentials.
    keywords: az31; cell; cm2; corrosion; current; discharge; electrode
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        item: #2565 of 7527
          id: cet-12583
      author: None
       title: Microsoft Word - PRES22_0064.docx
        date: 2022-08-25
       words: 3207
      flesch: 46
     summary: The operating parameters in hydrogen production system are chosen from (Steven et al., 2021) and parameters in ammonia production system are chosen from (Khademi and Sabbaghi, 2017). Less research involves biomass chemical looping technology and makes a comparison between hydrogen and ammonia as energy carriers in energy systems.
    keywords: ammonia; chemical; cost; energy; hydrogen; musd; power; production; storage; system
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        item: #2566 of 7527
          id: cet-12585
      author: None
       title: Microsoft Word - PRES22_0064.docx
        date: 2022-08-25
       words: 3766
      flesch: 45
     summary: Higher water absorption has been noted (Su et al., 2001) Figure 3: The impact of waste FCC catalyst on compressive strength enhancement of substituted composites 0 10 20 30 40 50 Laginha et al., 2014 António et al. , 2013 Garcí a de Lomas et al., 2007 Bernabeu et al., 2009 Monzó et al. , 2004 Reuse of waste catalysts from petrochemical industries for cement substitution.
    keywords: catalyst; cement; composites; concrete; oil; orw; refinery; strength; waste
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        item: #2567 of 7527
          id: cet-12586
      author: None
       title: Microsoft Word - PRES22_0064.docx
        date: 2022-08-25
       words: 3810
      flesch: 54
     summary: In this study, mill scale waste obtained from a local rolling mill of steel bars in the Philippines was used as partial replacement to low calcium FA on geopolymer mixes with varying NaOH-to-WG (1:2.5, 1:2, and 1:1). It can be observed that runs with longer setting time tends to provide lower compressive strength compared to runs with faster setting time.
    keywords: ash; compressive; fly; geopolymer; naoh; ratio; setting; strength; time
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        item: #2568 of 7527
          id: cet-12587
      author: None
       title: Microsoft Word - PRES22_0064.docx
        date: 2022-08-25
       words: 3844
      flesch: 45
     summary: 3. Results and discussion Results of the vacuum drying experiments show similar residual specific acetone contents at 50 and 100 mbar final pressure at around the limit of quantitation (LOQ) of approximately 0.1 mg/gDM with very low standard deviations (SD) for the residual acetone content (Figure 1). Further stripping experiments were therefore carried out with longer stripping times of 12 – 22 min. Stripping more than 12 min delivered residual acetone contents at around the LOQ of approximately 0.1 mg/gDM, independent of whether a chopper was used or not.
    keywords: acetone; content; drying; energy; experiments; kgdm; min; solvent; steam; stripping
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        item: #2569 of 7527
          id: cet-1259
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - CET--006.docx
        date: 2017-07-25
       words: 3236
      flesch: 32
     summary: The sample bag is mainly collecting pollutants discharged by pollution sources, whose concentration is higher; Summa canister is mainly used for environmental samples, such as factory, windward and so on, whose pollutant concentration is low; TOF-MS is mainly used for parallel sampling and site analysis. The above formulas listed are aiming at solving the concentration of pollution sources in the lower wind direction.
    keywords: chemical; concentration; diffusion; emission; environment; point; pollution; source; vocs; wind
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        item: #2570 of 7527
          id: cet-12590
      author: None
       title: Microsoft Word - PRES22_0064.docx
        date: 2022-08-25
       words: 3362
      flesch: 51
     summary: The results of numerical research on boiling heat transfer of R410A refrigerant in an elliptic tube with four microchannels and micro fins are presented in this paper. The Martinelli parameter, heat transfer coefficient, pressure drop, and so on are investigated in the present paper.
    keywords: boiling; coefficient; figure; fins; flow; heat; heat transfer; microchannels; phase; pressure
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        item: #2571 of 7527
          id: cet-12591
      author: None
       title: Microsoft Word - PRES22_0064.docx
        date: 2022-08-25
       words: 3414
      flesch: 52
     summary: Combined use of recycled powder and recycled coarse aggregate derived from construction and demolition waste in self-compacting concrete, Construction and Building Materials, 254, 119323. The aim of the research is to preliminary evaluate the properties of Recycled Coarse Aggregate (RCA), acquired from the Construction and Demolition Waste (C&DW) of LPS residential building.
    keywords: aggregate; concrete; grains; lps; properties; rca; recycled
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        item: #2572 of 7527
          id: cet-12592
      author: None
       title: Microsoft Word - PRES22_0064.docx
        date: 2022-08-25
       words: 3349
      flesch: 50
     summary: Many scholars have done optimisation-based research on the integration of H2 production processes and carbon capture systems. For instance, Li et al. (2020) proposed a multi-criterion decision-making model (MCDM) to study the sustainability assessment of grey H2 production.
    keywords: blue; capture; carbon; co2; cost; energy; grey; process; production
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        item: #2573 of 7527
          id: cet-12593
      author: None
       title: Microsoft Word - PRES22_0064.docx
        date: 2022-08-25
       words: 2914
      flesch: 57
     summary: Problem Statement There are s number of carbon emissions sources being considered for the CCUS system and t number of treated sources, u number of untreated sources, and K number of carbon emissions sinks. Zhu Q, Wang C, Fan Z, Ma J, Chen F, 2019, Optimal matching between CO2 sources in Jiangsu province and sinks in Subei-Southern South Yellow Sea basin China, Greenhouse Gases-Science and Technology, 9 (1), 95–105. 222 PRES22_0070.pdf Region-Wide Source-Sink Models for Carbon Dioxide Capture, Utilization, and Storage Systems
    keywords: capture; carbon; ccus; co2; cost; reduction; sink
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        item: #2574 of 7527
          id: cet-12594
      author: None
       title: Microsoft Word - PRES22_0064.docx
        date: 2022-08-25
       words: 3832
      flesch: 51
     summary: Streimikiene D., Skulskis V., Balezentis T., Agnusdei G.P., 2020, Uncertain multi-criteria sustainability assessment of green building insulation materials, Energy & Buildings, 219, 110021. 𝑃𝑖 = 𝑆𝑖 − 𝑆𝑖 + + 𝑆𝑖 − (12) 3. Results and Discussion The decision matrix used for this case study is given in Table 3 with alternative insulation materials, A1, A2, A3, A4, A5, to be ranked using the multiple criteria, C1, C2, C3, C4.
    keywords: building; criteria; decision; ideal; insulation; materials
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        item: #2575 of 7527
          id: cet-12595
      author: None
       title: Microsoft Word - PRES22_0064.docx
        date: 2022-08-25
       words: 3864
      flesch: 52
     summary: 2.2 Predicting specific energy requirements for mechanical size-reduction Specific energy demand for biomass size reduction usually ranges in units or low decimals of kWh t-1 (Kratky and Jirout, 2011). These comminution models are based on the fundamental assumption that specific energy requirement e (kWh t-1) for biomass size reduction is inversely proportional to particle size D (mm) powered to the parameter r (-), as expressed by Eq. 1.
    keywords: biomass; energy; reduction; size; ∙ 𝑀𝑀; ∙ 𝑆𝑆𝐶𝐶
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        item: #2576 of 7527
          id: cet-12596
      author: None
       title: Microsoft Word - PRES22_0064.docx
        date: 2022-08-25
       words: 2518
      flesch: 50
     summary: The results show that for LBE flow with smaller Reynolds numbers, convective heat transfer is significantly enhanced when gravity is opposite to the flow direction, while the same gravity and flow direction slightly weakens the convective heat transfer capacity. This buoyancy impact on convective heat transfer decreases with the increase of inlet velocity.
    keywords: buoyancy; flow; heat; heat transfer; lbe; transfer; tube
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        item: #2577 of 7527
          id: cet-12597
      author: None
       title: Microsoft Word - PRES22_0064.docx
        date: 2022-08-25
       words: 3559
      flesch: 55
     summary: However, the profitability of different LAES systems is highly dependent on the on-peak and off-peak electricity prices, the number of annual operating hours, and the extra cost factor. The most mature technologies for storing electricity is pumped hydroelectric energy storage (PHES) (Rozali et al., 2013), compressed air energy storage (CAES) and batteries (Aneke and Wang, 2016).
    keywords: air; case; cost; energy; investment; laes; pressure; stage; storage; system
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        item: #2578 of 7527
          id: cet-12598
      author: None
       title: Microsoft Word - PRES22_0064.docx
        date: 2022-08-25
       words: 3417
      flesch: 52
     summary: Luo T., Abdu S., Wessling M., 2018, Selectivity of ion exchange membranes: A review, Journal of Membrane Science, 555, 429–454. Macgillivray A., 1968, Nernst-Planck equations and the electroneutrality and Donnan equilibrium assumptions, The Journal of Chemical Physics, 48, 2903-2907. The electrolyzer’s reactions and ion transport were analyzed based on the electrolyte potential, concentration profiles, and ion fluxes calculated by the model.
    keywords: acid; alkaline; electrolyzer; ion; membrane; model; na+; voltage; water
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        item: #2579 of 7527
          id: cet-12599
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-12599
        date: 2022-09-13
       words: 3178
      flesch: 44
     summary: � 𝜕𝜕𝑛𝑛 𝜕𝜕𝑇𝑇 � 𝑃𝑃 = � 𝑛𝑛2 − 𝑛𝑛1 𝑇𝑇2 − 𝑇𝑇1 � (1) � 𝜕𝜕𝑛𝑛 𝜕𝜕𝑃𝑃 � 𝑇𝑇 = � 𝑛𝑛2 − 𝑛𝑛1 𝑃𝑃2−𝑃𝑃1 � (2) Where, �𝜕𝜕𝑛𝑛 𝜕𝜕𝑇𝑇 � 𝑃𝑃 y �𝜕𝜕𝑛𝑛 𝜕𝜕𝑃𝑃 � 𝑇𝑇 : represent the variation of the substance’s amount (kmol) with respect to temperature at constant pressure (kmol/°F) and with respect to pressure at constant temperature (kmol/psia). 3. Results and Discussion 3.1 Effect of temperature and pressure on the amounts formed in equilibrium of the theoretical corrosion products under steam-flue gas injection conditions In the following sections, the plots of variation in the equilibrium quantity for each component (Fe2O3, Fe3O4, FeCO3) in regard to the pressure variable at constant temperature are reported.
    keywords: corrosion; equilibrium; pressure; products; steam; temperature
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        item: #2580 of 7527
          id: cet-126
      author: TW
       title: cet-126
        date: 2017-10-04
       words: 4240
      flesch: 36
     summary: References Deng Z., Ni X., Wang G., 2013, Development of yellow phosphorus tail gas purification and CO utilization, Industrial Catalysis, 21(8), 6-11 Gong C.(Ed), 2013.Technology and Application of Advanced Phosphorus Chemical Engineering, Chemical Industry Press, Beijing, China, ISBN:978-7-122-17511-3. Hou Y., Wang X., Zhang J., Li C., Tian S., Gao H., 2012, Technical progress of purification and comprehen utilization of yellow phosphorus tail gas, Journal of Kunming University of Science and Technology (Natural Science Edition), 37,73-77 Liu B., Zhang Y., Jiang J., Lin X., He J., 2012, A novel system for Continuous production of formic Acid based on Yellow Phosphorus Tail Gas, Journal of Chemical Industry and Engineering(China), 63, 1872-1876 Ma H., Feng X., Yang Y., Zhang Z., Deng C., 2016, Preparation of feed grade calcium formate from calcium carbide residue, Clean Technologies and Environmental Policy, 18(6), 1905–1915 Nawi W.N.R.M., Alwi S.R.W., Manana Z.A., Klemeš J.J., 2016, A new algebraic pinch analysis tool for optimising CO2 capture, utilisation and storage, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 45, 265-270 Ning P., Wang X., Bart H.J., Tian S., Zhang Y., Wang X., 2011, Removal of phosphorus and sulfur from yellow phosphorus off-gas by metal-modified activated carbon, Journal of Cleaner Production, 19,1547-1552 Pritchard C., Yang A., Holmes P., Wilkinson M., 2015, Thermodynamics, economics and systems thinking: What role for air capture of CO2?, Process Safety and Environmental Protection, 94, 188–195 Puccini M., Stefanelli E., Seggiani M., Vitolo S., 2016, Removal of CO2 from flue gas at high temperature using novel porous solids, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 47,139-144 Wang X., Ning P., Chen W., 2011, Studies on purification of yellow phosphorus off-gas by combined washing, catalytic oxidation, and desulphurization at a pilot scale, Separation and Purification Technology, 80, 519- 525 Yang Y., He Y., 2014, Use of Yellow Phosphorus Tail Gas for Power Generation,Y unnan Chemical Technology, 41, 54-56 Zhang Y., Liu B., Jiang J., Lin X., 2012, Present Situation and Prospect of Recovery and Utilization of Yellow Phosphorus Tail Gas, Chemical Engineering & Machinery, 39, 423-427, 490 456 2. Brief introduction of two process flow sheets for reusing tail gas 2.1 The process of reusing heat energy of yellow phosphorous tail gas by combustion One of the main ways to reuse the yellow phosphorus tail gas is burning it directly and recovering its heat energy.
    keywords: chemical; energy; phosphorus; phosphorus tail; products; tail gas; yellow
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        item: #2581 of 7527
          id: cet-1260
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - CET--006.docx
        date: 2017-07-25
       words: 3073
      flesch: 34
     summary: As a result, the non - state owned enterprises of Anhui province electronic information industry have more positive technical effects than state-owned enterprises. However, in the production process, the electronic information industry has serious environmental problems, so we must attach importance to the environmental protection of electronic information industry.
    keywords: anhui; effect; enterprises; industry; information; non; province; state
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        item: #2582 of 7527
          id: cet-12602
      author: None
       title: Microsoft Word - PRES22_0064.docx
        date: 2022-08-25
       words: 3510
      flesch: 49
     summary: The H2O2 selectivities of the carbon materials are 15.87 %, 41.32 %, and 52.63 % for the Vulcan® Carbon, Carbon Black Pearls®, and Printex® Carbon, at 0.4 V vs. RHE. The disk current of Vulcan® Carbon is slightly higher than that of Printex® Carbon and their ring activities were also similar but reversed.
    keywords: acaie; carbon; cathode; min; printex; removal
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        item: #2583 of 7527
          id: cet-12603
      author: None
       title: Microsoft Word - PRES22_0064.docx
        date: 2022-08-25
       words: 3020
      flesch: 34
     summary: This work is evaluating the techno-economic implications of green hydrogen production from biomass gasification with CO2 capture using various chemical gas-liquid absorption and membrane systems (including hybrid ones). Figure 1: Conceptual design of biomass gasification with CO2 capture feature for hydrogen production Three options were evaluated for the pre-combustion CO2 capture: (i) chemical gas-liquid absorption using Methyl-Di-Ethanol-Amine (MDEA) as illustrative solvent; (ii) 2-stage membrane unit and (iii) hybrid solvent - membrane unit with membrane located at the top of CO2 absorption column.
    keywords: biomass; capture; case; co2; energy; gasification; hydrogen; membrane; production
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        item: #2584 of 7527
          id: cet-12605
      author: None
       title: Microsoft Word - PRES22_0064.docx
        date: 2022-08-25
       words: 3388
      flesch: 51
     summary: Such materials include granite powder waste and fly ash. This process is connected with the increased production of granite powder waste (GPW).
    keywords: ash; cement; fly; granite; materials; powder; properties; waste
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        item: #2585 of 7527
          id: cet-12606
      author: None
       title: Microsoft Word - PRES22_0064.docx
        date: 2022-08-25
       words: 3621
      flesch: 58
     summary: Lessons from cement material flows in the UK. The main objective of this article is to determine whether waste granite powder would be safely used in cement-lime plasters.
    keywords: addition; cement; granite; granite powder; lime; materials; mortar; plaster; powder; strength; waste
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        item: #2586 of 7527
          id: cet-12607
      author: None
       title: Microsoft Word - PRES22_0064.docx
        date: 2022-08-25
       words: 3398
      flesch: 51
     summary: Edison T.N.J.I., Atchudan R., Karthik N., Xiong D., Lee Y.R., 2019, Direct electro-synthesis of MnO2 nanoparticles over nickel foam from spent alkaline battery cathode and its supercapacitor performance, Journal of the Taiwan Institute of Chemical Engineers, 97, 414–423. Energizer, 2018, Product datasheet Energizer E91, Enegizer <http://data.energizer.com/PDFs/E91.pdf> accessed 13.03.2022 Farrell T.W., Please C.P., 2005, Primary alkaline battery cathodes, Journal of The Electrochemical Society, 152, A1930. Multiphysics models have been developed for primary alkaline batteries.
    keywords: alkaline; anode; battery; current; discharge; energy; model; multiphysics; zno
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        item: #2587 of 7527
          id: cet-12608
      author: None
       title: Microsoft Word - PRES22_0064.docx
        date: 2022-08-25
       words: 3818
      flesch: 60
     summary: Figure 1: SeGCC1 for 1st interval Figure 2(a): Heat allocation of first segregated pair for 1st interval In Figure 2(a), Transfer of energy from Hot1 to Cold1 is done, shown by color line along with amount of energy (with same color) e.g., 19 kWh energy is transferred from HU1 to C6 of temperature interval of 160 to 150 0C 0 50 100 150 200 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 In Figure 3(a), temperature intervals are formed with help of orange broken lines.
    keywords: batch; heat; interval; kwh; streams; targeting; time
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        item: #2588 of 7527
          id: cet-12609
      author: None
       title: Microsoft Word - PRES22_0064.docx
        date: 2022-08-25
       words: 3496
      flesch: 48
     summary: In industry, applications of solar thermal energy may extend to produce electric power and refrigeration in a viable way. Production of electricity from photovoltaic solar cells is the most common way, although this is also possible from solar thermal energy by means of a power cycle like organic Rankine cycle (ORC) which functions with 313 low temperature.
    keywords: cost; cycle; energy; heat; power; refrigeration; solar; system; temperature
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        item: #2589 of 7527
          id: cet-1261
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - CET--006.docx
        date: 2017-07-25
       words: 2817
      flesch: 59
     summary: Many scholars at home and abroad have done a variety of research and experiments on prediction models. We use relative error to represent the accuracy of prediction models.
    keywords: chemical; grey; markov; model; prediction; state
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        item: #2590 of 7527
          id: cet-12610
      author: None
       title: Microsoft Word - PRES22_0064.docx
        date: 2022-08-25
       words: 3465
      flesch: 51
     summary: Arpagaus C., Bless F., Uhlmann M., Schiffmann J., Bertsch S. S., 2018, High temperature heat pumps: market overview, state of the art, research status, refrigerants, and application potentials, Energy, 142, 985-1010. Wu D., Hu B., Wang R.Z., Fan H., Wang R., 2020, The performance comparison of high temperature heat pump among R718 and other refrigerants, Renewable Energy, 154, 715-722 Yang P., Liu L., Du J., Li J., Meng Q., 2014, Heat exchanger network synthesis for batch processes by involving heat storages with cost targets, Applied Thermal Engineering, 70, 1276-1282 Zhang J, Zhang H., He Y., Tao W., 2016, A comprehensive review on advances and applications of industrial heat pumps based on the practices in China, Applied Energy, 18, 800-825 324
    keywords: energy; heat; process; pump; storage; system; temperature; water
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        item: #2591 of 7527
          id: cet-12611
      author: None
       title: Microsoft Word - PRES22_0064.docx
        date: 2022-08-25
       words: 4333
      flesch: 46
     summary: 2. Classification of modeling methods Outstanding achievements in describing the physical background, fluid dynamics, heat and mass transfer, and thermodynamics have opened up new modeling opportunities. Insights into the selection and design of fluid separation processes.
    keywords: cfd; column; flow; fluid; kenig; mass; methods; modeling; process; separation; transfer
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        item: #2592 of 7527
          id: cet-12612
      author: None
       title: Microsoft Word - PRES22_0064.docx
        date: 2022-08-25
       words: 3674
      flesch: 52
     summary: The composition, low cost and physicochemical characteristics of palm stearin make it an ideal raw material for obtaining phase change materials for thermal energy storage in solar thermal energy systems. This work explores the esterification of hydrogenated palm stearin (HPS) for obtaining phase change materials with suitable properties for application.
    keywords: change; energy; fatty; heat; hps; materials; melting; palm; thermal
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        item: #2593 of 7527
          id: cet-12613
      author: None
       title: Microsoft Word - PRES22_0064.docx
        date: 2022-08-25
       words: 3302
      flesch: 54
     summary: The FTIR spectrum for the non-purified WCO, WCO purified with crushed ginger, and WCO purified with sliced ginger were displayed in Figure 5. All the spectra results and the percentage difference of the transmittance of WCO purified with sliced ginger and WCO purified with crushed ginger from the non-purified WCO were tabulated in Table 1.
    keywords: difference; ginger; oil; sem; sliced; treatment; waste; wco
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        item: #2594 of 7527
          id: cet-12614
      author: None
       title: Microsoft Word - PRES22_0064.docx
        date: 2022-08-25
       words: 3747
      flesch: 44
     summary: , Tsc is temperature solar cells and 25 is standard test temperature of the module (in ⁰C). This research aims to monitor the trend of extreme temperature and analyze its impact on solar power plants in Malaysia.
    keywords: ambient; climate; energy; impact; malaysia; photovoltaic; plant; power; solar; temperature
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        item: #2595 of 7527
          id: cet-12616
      author: None
       title: Microsoft Word - PRES22_0064.docx
        date: 2022-08-25
       words: 3392
      flesch: 56
     summary: ESS technologies were compared for a variety of applications. Figure 1 illustrates the cost of ESS technologies relative to their values in 2020.
    keywords: cost; discharge; energy; ess; fes; ion; lcos; technologies
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        item: #2596 of 7527
          id: cet-12617
      author: None
       title: Microsoft Word - PRES22_0064.docx
        date: 2022-08-25
       words: 3641
      flesch: 51
     summary: Although the abundant Pt-complexing functional groups of many sustainable and cheap biomass-based sorbents render the material with high adsorption capacity (qe), it may limit the Pt selectivity (Wang et al., 2017). This features advantage of EGDMA-DTDA copolymer as compared to biosorbents which have very limited to no selectivity to Pt2+ as presented by their 𝛼𝑃𝑡 𝑀 < 1, indicating it is more selective to other metals such as Au and Pd or limited 𝛼𝑃𝑡 𝑀 ≤ 50 with respect to other base metals such as Zn and Cu (Wang et al., 2017).
    keywords: adsorption; cm-1; copolymer; dtda; egdma; figure; pt2
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        item: #2597 of 7527
          id: cet-12618
      author: None
       title: Microsoft Word - PRES22_0064.docx
        date: 2022-08-25
       words: 3725
      flesch: 39
     summary: Table 1: Barriers to co-management of organic waste and human waste Label Barriers References B1 Lack of appropriate collection, storage, and treatment for septage waste and municipal solid waste (Spoann et al., 2018) B2 Lack of composting facilities for co-management of septage waste and municipal solid waste (EuroCham, 2019) B3 Lack of human resources in the field of waste management (Spoann et al., 2018) B4 Lack of cooperation and coordination between the responsible authorities for municipal solid waste and septage waste management (Peal and Evans, 2015) B5 Lack of regulatory enforcement and implementation to control the illegal disposal of municipal solid waste and septage waste (Spoann et al., 2018) B6 Lack of financial support for the co-management of septage waste and municipal solid waste (Peal and Evans, 2015) B7 Lack of public willingness to segregate the municipal mixed solid waste (Bandith, 2019) B8 Lack of public willingness to use bio-fertilizer from co- composting of municipal solid waste and septage waste (Gwara et al., 2021) On the other hand, the effect barriers are Lack of appropriate collection, storage, and treatment system for septage waste and municipal solid waste (B1), Lack of composting facilities for co-management of septage waste and municipal solid waste (B2), Lack of human resources in the field of waste management (B3), Lack of public willingness to segregate the municipal mixed solid waste (B7) and Lack of public willingness to use bio-fertilizer from co-composting of municipal solid waste and septage waste (B8) (see Table 5).
    keywords: barriers; cambodia; lack; management; matrix; septage waste; waste; waste management
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        item: #2598 of 7527
          id: cet-12619
      author: None
       title: Microsoft Word - PRES22_0064.docx
        date: 2022-08-25
       words: 3183
      flesch: 47
     summary: The increase in the hydrogen to carbon dioxide ratio of 1 to 4 and the operating pressure of 1 to 8 bar have a significant effect on the enhancement of carbon dioxide conversion and methane yield. Figure 1 shows the hydrogen conversion, carbon dioxide conversion, and methane yield of the methanation from using waste gas and pure carbon dioxide at the range of temperatures between 300 and 600 °C.
    keywords: carbon; conversion; dioxide; gas; hydrogen; methanation; methane; process; waste
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        item: #2599 of 7527
          id: cet-1262
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - CET--006.docx
        date: 2017-07-25
       words: 3042
      flesch: 39
     summary: Finally, from the point of perfect dangerous chemical transportation management system, strictly implement chemical transportation management responsibility, proposed some advice for dangerous chemicals transport safety management. Where is the key to solve dangerous chemicals transport safety problems?
    keywords: chemicals; fault; hazmat; management; membership; method; risk; road; routing; safety; transportation
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        item: #2600 of 7527
          id: cet-12620
      author: None
       title: Microsoft Word - PRES22_0064.docx
        date: 2022-08-25
       words: 3926
      flesch: 38
     summary: Uniform XBRL tagging could be divided into three categories in IFRS reporting practice; tags that capture IFRS reporting requirements, tags that capture firm- specific disclosures, and tags that represent additional mandates of local authorities (Becker et al., 2021). Among limitations of the current study, in the form of the current IFRS S2 Climate Exposure Draft, the aggregated financial impacts related to sustainability in IFRS reporting can still only be estimated by relying on content analysis in the Notes to the financial statements.
    keywords: 2022; accounting; carbon; climate; disclosures; ifrs; issb; reporting; standards; sustainability; taxonomy
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        item: #2601 of 7527
          id: cet-12621
      author: None
       title: Microsoft Word - PRES22_0064.docx
        date: 2022-08-25
       words: 3629
      flesch: 45
     summary: Schage L., 1999, Optimization Modeling with LINGO (5th ed.), Lindo Systems, Chicago, Illinois, USA. Seifritz W., 1990, CO2 disposal by means of silicates, Nature, 345, 486. Smith P., Davis S.J., Creutzig F., Fuss S., Minx J., Gabrielle B., Kato E., Jackson R.B., Cowie A., Kriegler E., van Vuuren D.P., Rogelj J., Ciais P., Milne J., Canadell J.G., McCollum D., Peters G., Andrew R., Krey V., Shestha G., Friedlingstein P., Gasser T., Grübler A., Heidug W.K., Jonas M., Jones C.D., Kraxner F., Littleton E., Lowe J., Moreira J.R., Nakicenovic N., Obersteiner M., Patwardhan A., Rogner M., Rubin E., Sharifi A., Torvanger A., Yamagata Y., Edmonds J., Yongsung C., 2016, Biophysical and economic limits to negative CO2 emissions, Nature Climate Change, 6, 42–50. Process P1 to P3 have associated CO2 emissions from the combustion of natural gas; P5, on the other hand, “consumes” CO2 via the downstream negative carbon footprint of the powdered rock.
    keywords: carbon; co2; cost; emissions; energy; polygeneration; process; rock; system; weathering
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        item: #2602 of 7527
          id: cet-12622
      author: None
       title: Microsoft Word - PRES22_0064.docx
        date: 2022-08-25
       words: 3688
      flesch: 44
     summary: Figure 2: Emission data published by Tesla for personal use, by region and charging system Figure 3: Model 3 Use-Phase Average Lifecycle Emissions by region, and charging system, 2016-2021 (Mt of CO2 equivalents) What is more, it is important to highlight that the implementation of disclosure will allow emissions data to be compared and analysed on a real methodological basis.
    keywords: company; data; emissions; model; production; sustainability; tesla; vehicles
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        item: #2603 of 7527
          id: cet-12623
      author: None
       title: Microsoft Word - PRES22_0064.docx
        date: 2022-08-25
       words: 3680
      flesch: 49
     summary: + H2O (R5) CO2 + H2 ⇆ CO + H2O (R6) H2 Electricity CO2 and H2 + - O2 Water CO2 rich flow CW CW CW CW Methanol Water Figure 3: Process flow diagram for MeOH production through CO2 hydrogenation technology
    keywords: case; co2; conversion; energy; hydrogenation; meoh; process; production; water
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        item: #2604 of 7527
          id: cet-12624
      author: None
       title: Microsoft Word - PRES22_0064.docx
        date: 2022-08-25
       words: 3398
      flesch: 46
     summary: 403 a) b) c) Figure 1: Cementitious composites mixture with: a) ordinary Portland Cement, b) granite powder as a cement substitute, c) granite powder as a cement paste substitute Analysing the literature survey on the design of cementitious composites mixtures, it is difficult to evaluate the properties of hardened concrete that can be achieved by modifying them with SCMs (Rudnicki, 2021). Floors are usually made of two layers: a substrate and an overlay made of cementitious composites.
    keywords: composites; compressive; concrete; floors; models; properties; strength
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        item: #2605 of 7527
          id: cet-12625
      author: None
       title: Microsoft Word - PRES22_0064.docx
        date: 2022-08-25
       words: 4245
      flesch: 47
     summary: 4. Conclusion In this work, two different flue gas desulfurization and CO2 capture processes were simulated using ASPEN Plus to obtain an acceptable CO2 gas for the MCEC cell. Based on this research, it can be concluded that under the right operating conditions, both the wet limestone and optimized cryogenic desulfurization processes can produce flue gases containing less than 1 ppm of sulfur, whereas the standard cryogenic process was unable to achieve the 1 ppm target limit.
    keywords: capture; cell; co2; desulfurization; flue; gas; limestone; mea; ppm; process
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        item: #2606 of 7527
          id: cet-12626
      author: None
       title: Microsoft Word - PRES22_0064.docx
        date: 2022-08-25
       words: 3670
      flesch: 48
     summary: Figure 1: Pulp yield and delignification at different acetic acid contents 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 0 1 2 3 4 5 Pu lp y ie ld (% ) D el ig ni fic at io n (% ) Acetic acid content in solvent (wt%) Pulp Yield Delignification 417 3.1 Enzymatic hydrolysis Enzymatic hydrolysis of the pretreated straw was carried out to determine the potential as a carbohydrate source. This can be attributed to both the higher lignin content in 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 0 1 2 3 4 5 Sa cc ha ri fic at io n yi el d (% ) Acetic acid content in solvent (wt%) Glucan digested Xylan digested 0.00 0.05 0.10 0.15 0.20 0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2 1.4 1.6 0 1 2 3 4 5 Fu rf ur al c on ce nt ra tio n (g /L )
    keywords: acid; catalyst; content; ethanol; hydrolysis; lignin; organosolv; pretreatment; straw; wt%
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        item: #2607 of 7527
          id: cet-12628
      author: None
       title: Microsoft Word - PRES22_0064.docx
        date: 2022-08-25
       words: 3772
      flesch: 61
     summary: 427 In this study, an optimization of geopolymer mortar were conducted to maximize the investigation and produce a high quality and more environmentally friendly mortar by utilizing banana fibres as reinforcement and fly ash as binder on the geopolymer mortar. BF04 6 2.13 0.54 3.2 Mechanical Strength, Flowability, Weight Loss (WL) and Occurrence of Efflorescence Table 4 shows the average weight loss for geopolymer mortar sealed with saran wrap taken from 5 cube samples each is 7.32 % only of the original weight.
    keywords: banana; dm1; dm2; geopolymer; mortar; samples; strength; weight
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        item: #2608 of 7527
          id: cet-12629
      author: None
       title: Microsoft Word - PRES22_0064.docx
        date: 2022-08-25
       words: 4157
      flesch: 43
     summary: This is the case where the solution to inverse heat transfer problems (IHTPs) is needed. ISBN 978-88-95608-93-8; ISSN 2283-9216 Solution to Inverse Heat Transfer Problems by Means of Soft Computing Approach and Its Comparison to the Well-Established Beck’s Method Lubomír Klimeša,*, Petr Kamarýtb, Pavel Charvátc, Martin Zálešákc, Martin Pešekd aSustainable Process Integration Laboratory – SPIL, NETME Centre, Brno University of Technology, Technická 2896/2, 61669 Brno, Czech Republic bInstitute of Mathematics, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Brno University of Technology, Technická 2896/2, 61669 Brno, Czech Republic cEnergy Institute, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Brno University of Technology, Technická 2896/2, 61669 Brno, Czech Republic dEGÚ Brno, Hudcova 487/76a, Brno, Czech Republic klimes@fme.vutbr.cz Many engineering problems involve heat transfer with phase change and their solution often lead to challenging heat transfer problems having no direct solution.
    keywords: ann; beck; boundary; heat; inverse; method; problem; solution; transfer
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        item: #2609 of 7527
          id: cet-1263
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - CET--006.docx
        date: 2017-07-25
       words: 2758
      flesch: 36
     summary: (1) To address these limitations, this dissertation deals with the network optimization problem associated with methanol materials road transportation and attempts to provide a systematic exploration. 2. Optimization design of methanol road transportation Latest years, with the continuous improvement of the degree of marketization of our country and the continuous promotion of the pace of reform, the development of China's logistics industry is very rapid.
    keywords: goods; materials; methanol; model; network; optimization; road; transportation
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        item: #2610 of 7527
          id: cet-12630
      author: None
       title: Microsoft Word - PRES22_0064.docx
        date: 2022-08-25
       words: 4033
      flesch: 49
     summary: To adapt equations 1 to 13 to the case study, general term 𝑧𝑧 has been changed to reflect each plant, such that Baytown refinery is production plant 𝑖𝑖, Baytown Chemical plant is production plant 𝑗𝑗, Baytown Olefins plant is production plant 𝑙𝑙 and Baytown Plastics plant is production plant 𝑚𝑚. The production data for the Baytown refinery was compiled from the ExxonMobil’s website. For a period 𝑘𝑘, the sum of the total production from the various types of production plants should be equivalent to the total demand: �(�𝐹𝐹𝑆𝑆𝑧𝑧,𝑘𝑘 𝑍𝑍 𝑧𝑧=1 𝐾𝐾 𝑘𝑘=1 ) = � 𝐷𝐷𝑘𝑘 𝐾𝐾 𝑘𝑘=1 ∀𝑘𝑘 (1) where 𝐹𝐹𝑆𝑆𝑧𝑧,𝑘𝑘 is the production output of production plant 𝑧𝑧 ∈ 𝑍𝑍 in Mt/y. This is due to the fact an industrial process can either be made up of a single plant with a single product, or multiple plants making products in a complex.
    keywords: baytown; carbon; emissions; model; period; plant; production
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        item: #2611 of 7527
          id: cet-12632
      author: None
       title: Microsoft Word - PRES22_0064.docx
        date: 2022-08-25
       words: 3499
      flesch: 51
     summary: This trend can be attributed to two factors: first, the decrease of high-cost NG combined with the increased share of low-cost RH to H2 production; and second, the increase in CO2 captured contributing to a rise in revenue. 3. Results and discussion The techno-economic metrics of the optimized simulations are presented below to assess whether teal H2 is a feasible and profitable alternative to blue H2 production (case 1).
    keywords: blue; case; co2; gas; green; hydrogen; plant; production; teal
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        item: #2612 of 7527
          id: cet-12633
      author: None
       title: Microsoft Word - PRES22_0064.docx
        date: 2022-08-25
       words: 3043
      flesch: 54
     summary: There was a considerable overestimation of the temperature when the ‘curve track’ model was compared with the ‘curve switch’ and the ‘curve scale’ models, suggesting that neglecting of the phase change hysteresis (with phase change temperature shift ∆𝑇𝐻 = 5 °C) can result in the average temperature discrepancies of 2.8 °C and 1.84 Three approaches to modelling of partial phase changes of a PCM, obtained from the literature, were assessed on a simple test case.
    keywords: change; curve; figure; heat; model; pcm; phase; temperature
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        item: #2613 of 7527
          id: cet-12634
      author: None
       title: Microsoft Word - PRES22_0064.docx
        date: 2022-08-25
       words: 3946
      flesch: 64
     summary: It can sustain extremely high densities of electric current (on the order of 106 times higher than copper) as is reported by Novoselov et al., (2012). The graphene nanocomposite could be used as a material for the removal of lead ions (Pb2+) from water as shown in the work of Thy et al., (2020).
    keywords: case; graphene; layer; load; stress; structure
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        item: #2614 of 7527
          id: cet-12635
      author: None
       title: Microsoft Word - PRES22_0064.docx
        date: 2022-08-25
       words: 3548
      flesch: 57
     summary: The theoretical potential of BESS installation and use in electricity price peak was found to be around 9 - 16 % of cost-saving on average compared with the daily operation of PSA unit when the off-peak average electricity price was from 95 to 91 % of the daily average electricity price respectively. The theoretical potential of BESS installation and use in electricity price peak was found to be around 9 - 16 % of cost-saving on average compared with the daily operation of PSA unit when the off-peak average electricity price was from 95 to 91 % of the daily average electricity price respectively.
    keywords: average; cost; electricity; peak; price; psa; unit
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        item: #2615 of 7527
          id: cet-12636
      author: None
       title: Microsoft Word - PRES22_0064.docx
        date: 2022-08-25
       words: 3617
      flesch: 46
     summary: Table 2: Adaptation of the amount of plastic waste generated in 2020 and 2021 reported by one company in charge of plastic waste treatment related to COVID-19. BMA generated 349,855.375 t/y of solid waste by 2020, with the city of Bucaramanga having the highest participation with 188,230.005 t/y, followed by the municipality of Floridablanca with 75,786.4 t/y and finally, the municipalities of Girón and Piedecuesta with 48,096.6 t/y and 37,742.37 t/y. 3.2 Amount of plastic waste generated in the BMA during the COVID-19 pandemic Data related to the amount of plastic generated in the years 2020 and 2021 during the COVID-19 pandemic in the BMA was collected as shown in Table 2, considering that this was declared a pandemic on 11 March 2020 by the World Health Organization.
    keywords: covid-19; energy; health; incineration; pandemic; plastic; process; systems; waste
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        item: #2616 of 7527
          id: cet-12637
      author: None
       title: Microsoft Word - PRES22_0064.docx
        date: 2022-08-25
       words: 2290
      flesch: 58
     summary: 10- 4 0.38 657 1,095 Figure 3: The scheme of adsorption cycle used for columns C1 and C2: E-equalization, P-pressurization, Pr- production, Pu-purging 2.2 Data analysis The mean mass flowrate per cycle was calculated for each cycle: i) by the trapezoidal integration of instantaneous mass flowrate shown by the flowmeter used, and ii) using internal integration built in the flowmeter. The paper deals to analyze process characteristics of oxygen separation from the air in the pilot-plant adsorption unit for the adsorption pressure of 5.5 bar and defined adsorption cycle.
    keywords: adsorption; air; cycles; flowrate; integration; oxygen; pressure
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        item: #2617 of 7527
          id: cet-12638
      author: None
       title: Microsoft Word - PRES22_0064.docx
        date: 2022-08-25
       words: 3229
      flesch: 48
     summary: Figure 6: Methanol production efficiency and net power at different S/C ratio Figure 7: Ammonia production efficiency and net power at increasing reducer temperature 3.2 Effect of recycle to feed stream ratio for ammonia synthesis and methanol synthesis Figure 8: Methanol production efficiency and net power at different methanol recycle ratio Figure 9: Ammonia production efficiency and net power at different ammonia recycle ratio 491 4. Conclusion The proposed integrated system presents high ammonia production efficiency of up to 29.2 %, under conditions of the S/C ratio of 5.0, reduction temperature of 800 °C, and recycled-to-feed stream ratio of 3.0.
    keywords: ammonia; gas; methanol; process; production; pyrolysis; ratio
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        item: #2618 of 7527
          id: cet-12639
      author: None
       title: Microsoft Word - PRES22_0064.docx
        date: 2022-08-25
       words: 3450
      flesch: 38
     summary: To improve the management of plastic waste, several previous investigations and studies have indicated the importance of appropriate techniques for waste treatment (Singh et al., 2011). Some of the alternatives to improve plastic waste treatment technologies are: 
    keywords: colombia; covid-19; disposal; energy; plastic; technology; treatment; use; waste
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        item: #2619 of 7527
          id: cet-1264
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - CET--006.docx
        date: 2017-07-25
       words: 3486
      flesch: 53
     summary: According to the measured CBM content and the numerical simulation results of seam reservoir, combing with the practical experiences of CBM drainage in coal mine areas and the related management stipulations in China, and considering the safety of CBM drainage and the resource benefits in coal mine area comprehensively, it is suggested that the CBM content and the reduced rate (or recovery rate) of gas content are taken as the detection and evaluation indexes of CBM drainage effect in coal mine area, and the detection and evaluation technical methods of CBM drainage effect in coal mine area are established. According to the measured CBM content and the numerical simulation results of seam reservoir, combing with the practical experiences of CBM drainage in coal mine areas and the related management stipulations in China, and considering the safety of CBM drainage and the resource benefits in coal mine area comprehensively it is suggested that the CBM content and the reduced rate (or recovery rate) of gas content are taken as the detection and evaluation indexes of CBM drainage effect in coal mine area, and the detection and evaluation technical methods of CBM drainage effect in coal mine area are established, and it provides the basis for effectively guiding the CBM drainage in coal mine areas in China.
    keywords: cbm content; cbm drainage; coal; drainage; drainage effect; gas
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        item: #2620 of 7527
          id: cet-12640
      author: None
       title: Microsoft Word - PRES22_0064.docx
        date: 2022-08-25
       words: 4067
      flesch: 43
     summary: The Italian Association of Chemical Engineering Online at www.cetjournal.it Guest Editors: Petar S. Varbanov, Yee Van Fan, Jiří J. Klemeš, Sandro Nižetić Copyright © 2022, AIDIC Servizi S.r.l. ISBN 978-88-95608-93-8; ISSN 2283-9216 Building Climate Control with Hybrid Renewable Energy Systems Using Data-Driven Robust Model Predictive Control Wei-Han Chen*, Fengqi You Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, 14853, USA wc593@cornell.edu While the implementation of renewable energy systems and model predictive control (MPC) could reduce non- renewable energy consumption, one challenge to building climate control using MPC is the weather forecast uncertainty. References Bemporad A., Morari M., 1999, Robust model predictive control: A survey, Robustness in Identification and Control, Springer, London, 207-226.
    keywords: building; control; data; energy; humidity; model; system; uncertainty
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        item: #2621 of 7527
          id: cet-12641
      author: None
       title: Microsoft Word - PRES22_0064.docx
        date: 2022-08-25
       words: 3966
      flesch: 46
     summary: The Italian Association of Chemical Engineering Online at www.cetjournal.it Guest Editors: Petar S. Varbanov, Yee Van Fan, Jiří J. Klemeš, Sandro Nižetić Copyright © 2022, AIDIC Servizi S.r.l. ISBN 978-88-95608-93-8; ISSN 2283-9216 An Energy Optimization Model for Commercial Buildings with Renewable Energy Systems via Nonlinear MPC Wei-Han Chen*, Fengqi You Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, 14853, USA wc593@cornell.edu In this study, we develop a novel nonlinear model predictive control (NMPC) framework for climate control of buildings with renewable energy systems to minimize electricity costs. A nonlinear dynamic model of the building climate and renewable energy systems, including temperature, humidity, thermal comfort, geothermal heat pump, and solar panels, is first constructed based on mass and energy balance equations.
    keywords: air; building; climate; control; electricity; energy; humidity; model; nonlinear; system; temperature
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        item: #2622 of 7527
          id: cet-12642
      author: None
       title: Microsoft Word - PRES22_0064.docx
        date: 2022-08-25
       words: 3451
      flesch: 44
     summary: Discussion and conclusions The main assumption in our work for simulating plastic waste generation is that populations with different sanitary status (healthy/infected) have different waste generation rates. The GRU output is integrated into the simulation models of plastic waste generation.
    keywords: bma; covid-19; data; generation; gru; model; plastic; waste
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        item: #2623 of 7527
          id: cet-12643
      author: None
       title: Microsoft Word - PRES22_0064.docx
        date: 2022-08-25
       words: 3505
      flesch: 40
     summary: Figure 2: Process flowsheet for studying blue hydrogen process (left) and system boundary for the LCA study of blue hydrogen process (right) 518 Figure 2 represents the process flowsheet of the blue hydrogen process. The operating cost for the brown hydrogen pathway at the optimal operating conditions can be reduced up to 69 % for the studied range of process operating conditions.
    keywords: conditions; cycle; electricity; gas; hydrogen; operating; process; steam
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        item: #2624 of 7527
          id: cet-12644
      author: None
       title: Microsoft Word - PRES22_0064.docx
        date: 2022-08-25
       words: 3275
      flesch: 55
     summary: There have been a few works on the design of geothermal ORC systems using mathematical programming approaches. In the design of geothermal ORC systems, both the configuration and operating conditions (e.g. working fluid temperatures and flowrate) of the ORC are to be optimised.
    keywords: fluid; geothermal; heat; orc; temperature
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        item: #2625 of 7527
          id: cet-12645
      author: None
       title: Microsoft Word - PRES22_0064.docx
        date: 2022-08-25
       words: 3396
      flesch: 44
     summary: 532 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cross-platform https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cross-platform https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Game_engine Loading and unloading machines play an important role in warehouse equipment. The main trends in the usage of information models of various designs are identified, and domestic and foreign experience in implementing Building Information Modelling (BIM) technology is being analyzed.
    keywords: chemical; figure; information; materials; model; products; reagents; system; warehouse
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        item: #2626 of 7527
          id: cet-12646
      author: None
       title: Microsoft Word - PRES22_0064.docx
        date: 2022-08-25
       words: 3682
      flesch: 38
     summary: For its rather unusual properties and its relative ease of preparation at the nanosized 535 elemental state (Reverberi et al., 2018), it is nowadays object of intense scientific investigation and many research papers strengthen this statement (Xu et al., 2020). Additionally, Ag NPs proved to be fairly resistant to oxidation in air, when stabilized with carbohydrates (Reverberi et al., 2022) or with other capping agents of ionic or non-ionic properties.
    keywords: chemical; engineering; liquid; materials; milling; nanoparticles; nps; phase; spheres
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        item: #2627 of 7527
          id: cet-12647
      author: None
       title: Microsoft Word - PRES22_0064.docx
        date: 2022-08-25
       words: 3147
      flesch: 54
     summary: The twelve variables to be optimised (design variables) are the number of stages in column 1 (first atmospheric column), number of stages in column 2 (second atmospheric column), number of stages in column 3 (pressurized column), feed stage of fresh feed in column 1, feed stage of stream from column 1 to column 2, feed stage of stream from column 3 to column 2 (recirculation stream), feed stage of stream from column 2 to column 3, pressure of column 3 (pressurized column), reflux ratio in column 1, reflux ratio in column 2, reflux ratio in column 3, and recirculation stream flow. Isobaric vapor–liquid equilibria and distillation process design for separating ketones in biomass pyrolysis oil.
    keywords: butanedione; butanone; column; distillation; mixture; pressure; process; separation
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        item: #2628 of 7527
          id: cet-12648
      author: None
       title: Microsoft Word - PRES22_0064.docx
        date: 2022-08-25
       words: 4045
      flesch: 57
     summary: Recently, Kirilova et al. (2022) have proposed a deterministic approach for optimal design of sustainable dairy SC for the production of different types of dairy products according different recipes, while satisfying economic, environmental and social criteria defined in terms of costs. Yakimov” Bul., 8010 Burgas, Bulgaria e.kirilova@iche.bas.bg Population growth and income, together with urbanization, have caused a significant increase in demand for dairy products.
    keywords: costs; dairy; production; products; uncertainty; 𝑥(𝑟𝑝
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        item: #2629 of 7527
          id: cet-12649
      author: None
       title: Microsoft Word - PRES22_0064.docx
        date: 2022-08-25
       words: 3758
      flesch: 50
     summary: European Environment Agency, 2022, Greenhouse gas emissions from land use, land use change and forestry, <https://www.eea.europa.eu/data-and-maps/indicators/greenhouse-gas-emissions-from-land/assessment> accessed 6.24.22. The Italian Association of Chemical Engineering Online at www.cetjournal.it Guest Editors: Petar S. Varbanov, Yee Van Fan, Jiří J. Klemeš, Sandro Nižetić Copyright © 2022, AIDIC Servizi S.r.l. ISBN 978-88-95608-93-8; ISSN 2283-9216 Overview of the Linkages between Land-Based Sectors and Climate Change towards Carbon Emissions Neutrality Xue-Chao Wanga,b,*, Xiaobin Donga,b, Jiří Jaromír Klemešc, Petar Sabev Varbanovc aState Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China bSchool of Natural Resources Science and Technology, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China cSustainable Process Integration Laboratory - SPIL, NETME Centre, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Brno University of Technology - VUT Brno, Technická 2896/2, 616 69, Brno, Czech Republic xcwang@bnu.edu.cn Land-based sectors play significant roles in carbon emissions, and removals, including agriculture, forestry, other land uses (AFOLU), as well as land use and cover change (LUCC).
    keywords: afolu; carbon; carbon emissions; change; climate; emissions; ghg; ghg emissions; land; land use; sectors; use
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        item: #2630 of 7527
          id: cet-1265
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 1murphy.docx
        date: 2017-07-19
       words: 3999
      flesch: 48
     summary: One intervention to reduce the toxic and asphyxiating gas exposure and oxygen deficiency risk to farm workers who enter manure pits is manure pit ventilation. Typical applications of the design aid include: (1) Screening alternative ventilation system layouts to determine which is most effective for removing contaminant gases; (2) Estimating required manure pit ventilation times to evacuate contaminant gases for a given ventilation system layout to concentrations suitable for human long term occupancy (OSHA, 2006; ACGIH, 2008); (3) Estimating required manure pit ventilation times to replenish DOI: 10.3303/CET1758001 Please cite this article as: Murphy D., Manbeck H., Hofstetter D., Puri V., 2017, Online cad/cfd-based design tool to assess ventilation strategies to reduce confined-space entry risk, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 58, 1-6 DOI: 10.3303/CET1758001 1 oxygen levels to 20 percent by volume (ACGIH, 2008); and (4) Determining which areas of barns above slotted covered manure pits become contaminated to levels requiring evacuation of animals and personnel prior to and during manure pit ventilation.
    keywords: aid; barn; design; gas; manure; pit; pits; ppm; ventilation
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        item: #2631 of 7527
          id: cet-12650
      author: None
       title: Microsoft Word - PRES22_0064.docx
        date: 2022-08-25
       words: 3217
      flesch: 49
     summary: Figure 3: Normalised tube flow rates obtained using flow system I 562 Figure 4: Normalised tube flow rates obtained using flow system II Figure 5: Normalised tube flow rates obtained using flow system III Table 1: Flow maldistributions and pressure drops related to the testing flow systems Algebraic model Steady CFD model Transient CFD model Experimental data Flow system I RSD, % 0.64 1.49 1.49 2.90 Max. rel. difference of flow rate, % 15.49 (14th tube) 6.73 (1st tube) 6.76 (1st tube) – Pressure drop, Pa 5,258 5,463 5,465 5,492 As for the effect of header shape on flow maldistribution, the value of the RSD criterion in the optimised flow system III was slightly larger (i.e., worse) than the RSD in the standard geometry (flow system I).
    keywords: cross; flow; header; height; model; pressure; section; system; tube
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        item: #2632 of 7527
          id: cet-12651
      author: None
       title: Microsoft Word - PRES22_0064.docx
        date: 2022-08-25
       words: 3875
      flesch: 48
     summary: The process flowsheet included wheat straw pretreatment, solid/liquid separation, washing, precipitation, and neutralisation steps. % 14 % 14 % 56 % 76 % 10 % 3 %
    keywords: biomass; energy; impacts; lignin; naoh; pretreatment; process; straw; water; wheat
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        item: #2633 of 7527
          id: cet-12652
      author: None
       title: Microsoft Word - PRES22_0064.docx
        date: 2022-08-25
       words: 3142
      flesch: 42
     summary: The CO2 pollution for regular bridge maintenance is 12,948.24 (kt) and for irregular bridge maintenance is 13,876.86 (kt). The EF pollution for regular bridge maintenance is 3,237.06 (kGha) and for irregular bridge maintenance it is 3,469.22 (kGha).
    keywords: bridge; bridge maintenance; co2; construction; cost; cycle; doi; life; maintenance; pollution
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        item: #2634 of 7527
          id: cet-12653
      author: None
       title: Microsoft Word - PRES22_0064.docx
        date: 2022-08-25
       words: 4263
      flesch: 41
     summary: Keyword phrases Years 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 Laundry Wastewater 32 33 42 56 64 15 Laundry Wastewater AND Wastewater Treatment 24 24 31 47 50 9 Laundry Wastewater AND Wastewater Management 10 6 13 14 15 2 Industrial Laundry Wastewater 6 8 6 9 19 6 Industrial Laundry Wastewater AND Wastewater Treatment 5 6 5 8 17 4 Industrial Laundry Wastewater AND Wastewater Management 2 2 0 1 6 3 The search key generated 45 articles on industrial laundry wastewater treatment and 14 on wastewater management. The outcome of this review is a general overview and evaluation of available recovery technologies for laundry wastewater treatment and recommendations for their further development.
    keywords: detergent; et al; laundries; laundry; laundry wastewater; linen; lww; process; surfactants; treatment; wastewater
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        item: #2635 of 7527
          id: cet-12654
      author: None
       title: Microsoft Word - PRES22_0064.docx
        date: 2022-08-25
       words: 3482
      flesch: 46
     summary: To further improve pollutant removal with the sonophotocatalytic process, the utilization of atomization mist generated by US irradiation has been considered. Itoh and Kojima (2019) evaluated the synergistic effect of the sonophotocatalysis with atomization mist by US irradiation of 500 kHz on the oxidation of potassium iodide.
    keywords: atomization; catalyst; irradiation; mist; process; sonophotocatalytic; tio2; uv irradiation; water
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        item: #2636 of 7527
          id: cet-12655
      author: None
       title: Microsoft Word - PRES22_0064.docx
        date: 2022-08-25
       words: 4018
      flesch: 32
     summary: Reactions involving solid reagents in continuous flow microreactors have been a challenge since the beginning of the development of microreactor technology, because handling of solids can clog a flow system (Neyt et al., 2021). Flow microreactors have thus become an important new technology for the chemical and pharmaceutical industries.
    keywords: chemical; chemistry; flow; laboratory; microprocess; microreactors; process; production; reactions; synthesis
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        item: #2637 of 7527
          id: cet-12656
      author: None
       title: Microsoft Word - PRES22_0064.docx
        date: 2022-08-25
       words: 3370
      flesch: 47
     summary:        Impermeability          Hardness   
    keywords: concrete; mineral; overlays; powders; waste;  ;  ;  
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        item: #2638 of 7527
          id: cet-12658
      author: None
       title: Microsoft Word - PRES22_0064.docx
        date: 2022-08-25
       words: 3230
      flesch: 54
     summary: The objective with a shorter focal length and lower sharpness depth (Laowa objective) exhibited the highest performance for higher impeller speeds, 850 and 950 rpm. For higher impeller speeds used, the changes are smaller, and for 950 rpm practically negligible.
    keywords: drop; image; impeller; liquid; number; objective; size; speed
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        item: #2639 of 7527
          id: cet-12659
      author: None
       title: Microsoft Word - PRES22_0064.docx
        date: 2022-08-25
       words: 3041
      flesch: 46
     summary: The approach allows different temperature approaches for multiple utilities which is essential when using the intermediate utility for Total Site heat recovery. 616 a) applying heat recovery via IM utilities; b) applying heat recovery via IM utilities and electricity generation Figure 5: Total Site Heat recovery of monomer production with merged enthalpy blocks and optimized IM utility Table 1: Utility heat duty distribution of initial process and TS integration via IM utilities Utility TSupply, C TTarget, C Heat duty, MW (Initial process) Heat duty, MW (TSHR)
    keywords: energy; enthalpy; heat; process; site; steam; total; utility
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        item: #2640 of 7527
          id: cet-1266
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 1murphy.docx
        date: 2017-07-19
       words: 3360
      flesch: 54
     summary: 9 The two-variable regressions showed that there is no meaningful contribution of pitch angle towards roll estimation, nor a statistically significant effect of roll angle towards pitch estimation. There was no statistically significant difference between experienced tractor operators and non-experienced subjects, nor any significant influence of pitch angle on roll perception, or vice versa.
    keywords: alert; angles; driving; pitch; roll; subjects; tilt; tractor
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        item: #2641 of 7527
          id: cet-12660
      author: None
       title: Microsoft Word - PRES22_0064.docx
        date: 2022-08-25
       words: 3897
      flesch: 54
     summary: We quantitatively evaluated the impact of soil moisture content on power generation and provided a basis for constructing promising SMFCs even under freshwater and relatively low organic matter conditions. Therefore, power generation was examined using conditions where soil moisture content exceeded 82 %.
    keywords: cells; content; fuel; moisture; power; smfcs; soil; voltage; water
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        item: #2642 of 7527
          id: cet-12661
      author: None
       title: Microsoft Word - PRES22_0064.docx
        date: 2022-08-25
       words: 4121
      flesch: 39
     summary: Jagannath A., Almansoori A., 2016, Sequential synthesis of heat integrated water networks: A new approach and its application to small and medium sized examples, Computers & Chemical Engineering 90, 44-61. Zhao H.-P., Yang Y., Liu Z.-Y., 2019, Design of heat integrated water networks with multiple contaminants, Journal of Cleaner Production 211, 530-536.
    keywords: cost; energy; engineering; et al; heat; networks; synthesis; water
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        item: #2643 of 7527
          id: cet-12662
      author: None
       title: Microsoft Word - PRES22_0064.docx
        date: 2022-08-25
       words: 4438
      flesch: 53
     summary: The peaks appeared in the range between 670 °C and 700 °C are associated with the deep decomposition of sludge, such as refractory organic matter, inorganic matter and char residues (Li et al., 2017). The effects of operating parameters on heavy metal speciation in SS char were investigated in another study (Jin et al., 2016).
    keywords: analysis; energy; fwo; kas; kinetic; model; mol; pyrolysis
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        item: #2644 of 7527
          id: cet-12663
      author: None
       title: Microsoft Word - PRES22_0064.docx
        date: 2022-08-25
       words: 3198
      flesch: 57
     summary: Apart from reducing the amount of fresh hydrogen required, it is important to limit the amount of compression energy requirement in any HAN (Birjandi et al. 2014). Recently Shukla and Chaturvedi (2021a) proposed the PA approach for minimizing compression energy requirements in batch gas allocation networks.
    keywords: compression; demand; energy; flow; hydrogen; internal; requirement; resource; zone
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        item: #2645 of 7527
          id: cet-12664
      author: None
       title: Microsoft Word - PRES22_0064.docx
        date: 2022-08-25
       words: 4176
      flesch: 60
     summary: The sequence of utility transfer from utility plants should be identified for the existing pipeline. The distance between the process and utility plants needs to be known for the design of the utility distribution network.
    keywords: energy; heat; plant; process; utility
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        item: #2646 of 7527
          id: cet-12666
      author: None
       title: Microsoft Word - PRES22_0064.docx
        date: 2022-08-25
       words: 3507
      flesch: 53
     summary: These data indicate the importance of solving the problem of involving thermal power plant ash in the production of alumina. This technique can also be used for ash processing.
    keywords: alumina; ash; coal; concentrate; plants; power; production; sio2; temperature
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        item: #2647 of 7527
          id: cet-12667
      author: None
       title: Microsoft Word - PRES22_0064.docx
        date: 2022-08-25
       words: 3841
      flesch: 48
     summary: A publication of The Italian Association of Chemical Engineering Online at www.cetjournal.it Guest Editors:Petar S. Varbanov, Yee Van Fan, Jiří J. Klemeš, Sandro Nižetić Copyright © AIDIC Servizi S.r.l. ISBN978-88-95608-93-8;ISSN 2283-9216 Influence of ZSM-5 Zeolite on the Composition and Properties of Gaseous and Liquid Products of Fast Pyrolysis of Flax Processing Waste Yury Lugovoy*, Kirill Chalov, Alexey Bykov, Yury Kosivtsov, Mikhail G. Sulman Tver State Technical University, A. Nikitin str., 22, Tver, 170026 pn-just@yandex.ru In the work, the influence of the initial characteristics of feedstock on the yield, composition, and properties of fast pyrolysis products was studied. The paper discusses the dependence of the composition and properties of fast pyrolysis products on the process conditions – temperature, retention time of the raw material in the heating zone, and the diameter of the particle of the feedstock.
    keywords: flax; liquid; products; pyrolysis; pyrolysis products; shive; temperature
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        item: #2648 of 7527
          id: cet-12668
      author: None
       title: Microsoft Word - PRES22_0064.docx
        date: 2022-08-25
       words: 3982
      flesch: 51
     summary: The free GOx shows the maximum activity at 40 °C, followed by a sharp decrease in the product yield, indicating a loss of enzyme activity. In order to show that the enzyme keeps immobilized and does not pass into solution (when studying stability), a standard method (Memon et al., 2018) of determination GOx relative activity by monitoring the oxidation of 2,2’-azino-bis(3-ehylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) diammonium salt (ABTS) at 415 nm was used.
    keywords: activity; enzyme; fe3o4; glucose; gox; immobilization; silica; sio2; zro2
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        item: #2649 of 7527
          id: cet-12669
      author: None
       title: Microsoft Word - PRES22_0064.docx
        date: 2022-08-25
       words: 3114
      flesch: 48
     summary: In this study, magnetic nanoparticles Fe3O4synthesized by the polyol method were used to immobilize Horseradish root peroxidase. The surface of magnetic nanoparticles was pretreated with tetra-ethyl orthosilicate, 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane, and glutaraldehyde.
    keywords: apts; biocatalysts; enzyme; fe3o4; hrp; nanoparticles; oxidation; teos
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        item: #2650 of 7527
          id: cet-1267
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 1murphy.docx
        date: 2017-07-19
       words: 4007
      flesch: 43
     summary: We conclude that compensated occupational MS injuries and diseases in general and recurrent and serious MS injuries in particular are strongly associated with granted MS disability pensions among farmers. In this study, MS diseases refer to diseases of the MS system and connective tissue (ICD-10 codes: M00– M99) whereas MS injuries include discretionary group of injuries such as joint dislocations, ligament sprains, muscle strains, tendon injuries, and fractures as well as diseases of the MS system and connective tissue compensated as an injury.
    keywords: claims; disability; diseases; farmers; injuries; injury; occupational; work
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        item: #2651 of 7527
          id: cet-12670
      author: None
       title: Microsoft Word - PRES22_0064.docx
        date: 2022-08-25
       words: 2689
      flesch: 43
     summary: Table 9: Quantitative indicators of the chemical composition of a non-firing gypsum composite modified with the addition of ash, at the age of 14 days of hardening in wet conditions, in wt % Spectrum O Al Si S K Ca total Spectrum 1 68.70 14.28 17.03 100 Spectrum 2 61.04 17.31 21.65 100 Spectrum 3 61.95 11.15 23.75 0.46 1.52 1.16 100 Spectrum 4 59.47 15.68 21.31 0.66 1.69 1.18 100 Spectrum 5 64.08 0.35 15.75 19.82 100 Spectrum 6 66.62 0.09 0.19 14.84 18.26 100 683 According to the results of the microstructural and spectral analysis of pure and modified gypsum stone, a comparison was made of the elemental composition of the initial dihydrate and the modified composition both on the surface of the grains and in the zones of contact between calcium sulfate dihydrate particles of different sizes and contacts between dihydrate and ash particles. They are based on the hydration and non-hydration mechanism of formation of crystallization contacts in the structure of gypsum stone.
    keywords: ash; chemical; composite; composition; gypsum; metakaolin; spectrum; stone
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        item: #2652 of 7527
          id: cet-12671
      author: None
       title: Microsoft Word - PRES22_0064.docx
        date: 2022-08-25
       words: 2751
      flesch: 41
     summary: The effectiveness of using an integrated approach to the preparation of gypsum compositions based on technogenic additives, which includes the control of the granulometric and material composition of compositions in accordance with the principle of dense particle packing, has been proved. The distribution of technogenic powder particles after grinding remains quite wide.
    keywords: additives; ash; basalt; binder; composition; gypsum; materials; powder
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        item: #2653 of 7527
          id: cet-12672
      author: raffaella
       title: PRES22_0231.docx
        date: 2022-08-25
       words: 3167
      flesch: 45
     summary: Results shows that the materials namely Portland cement of CHB wall, rockwool insulation of gypsum drywall, cement with fly ash of foamed concrete wall, and 694 foaming agent of foamed geopolymer wall gave the largest values and is responsible to 46 %, 33 %, 40 %, and 39 % of the total impact contribution of each wall type. Aiming to identify and recommend environmentally compatible construction materials, the data from BIM Revit 2020 was used for the life cycle and cost analysis comparison of the existing concrete hollow blocks (CHB) vs other wall materials namely gypsum drywall, foamed concrete, and foamed geopolymer.
    keywords: chb; concrete; construction; cost; drywall; geopolymer; impact; materials; wall
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        item: #2654 of 7527
          id: cet-12673
      author: raffaella
       title: PRES22_0231.docx
        date: 2022-08-25
       words: 3365
      flesch: 49
     summary: Sentinel-2 satellite data have been used extensively for these tasks over the past few decades (Nihar et al., 2019). Data on weather, crop yield, and spectral data were collected from Sentinel-2, Landsat-8, and TERRA (MODIS scanner) satellites.
    keywords: alfalfa; data; indices; learning; machine; methods; satellite; sensing; study; yield
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        item: #2655 of 7527
          id: cet-12674
      author: raffaella
       title: PRES22_0231.docx
        date: 2022-08-25
       words: 3022
      flesch: 58
     summary: However, flow distribution in parallel channels is more complex than that of single-phase flow, which usually leads to heat transfer deterioration. Flow maldistribution should be overcome to avoid heat transfer deterioration, and the geometric design of the heat exchanger is an important factor affecting flow distribution.
    keywords: channel; distribution; flow; heat; phase; section; type
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        item: #2656 of 7527
          id: cet-12675
      author: raffaella
       title: PRES22_0231.docx
        date: 2022-08-25
       words: 3321
      flesch: 58
     summary: Although some researchers have estimated membrane process energy performance, complex multi- stage processes were discussed without considering the performance of a simple process. Advances in high permeability polymer-based membrane materials for CO2 separations.
    keywords: co2; energy; figure; flow; gas; membrane; pressure; process; purity; separation
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        item: #2657 of 7527
          id: cet-12676
      author: raffaella
       title: PRES22_0231.docx
        date: 2022-08-25
       words: 3695
      flesch: 50
     summary: However, in most applications, sustainable indicator scores are not precise. However, in real-life applications, sustainable indicators are not deterministic.
    keywords: interval; sustainability; xij u; � xij
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        item: #2658 of 7527
          id: cet-12677
      author: raffaella
       title: PRES22_0231.docx
        date: 2022-08-25
       words: 3485
      flesch: 48
     summary: Manwell J.F., McGowan J.G., 1993, Lead acid battery storage model for hybrid energy systems, Solar Energy, 50, 399–405. Ulleberg U., 1998, Stand-alone power systems for the future: optimal design, operation & control of solar- hydrogen energy systems, PhD thesis.
    keywords: battery; current; electrodialysis; energy; nitrate; process; water; 𝑃𝑃𝑉𝑉; 𝑃𝑃𝑉𝑉 system
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        item: #2659 of 7527
          id: cet-12678
      author: raffaella
       title: PRES22_0231.docx
        date: 2022-08-25
       words: 3607
      flesch: 50
     summary: Conditions leading to the reduction of particle size were associated with the co-existence of high slurry flow rates and high rotational speeds (4.75 L/min – 1800 rpm) with a lower gas flow rate (3 L/min). Pursuant to the above, in order to minimise the reaction time, a combination of high rotating speed with high slurry flow rate and lower gas flow rate seemed beneficial. 3.2 Effect of operating parameters on particle size PSD analysis showed secondary particle sizes (clustered primary particles) of 2.5-3.5 μm.
    keywords: co2; flow; gas; min; particle; rate; reaction; size; slurry; time
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        item: #2660 of 7527
          id: cet-12679
      author: raffaella
       title: PRES22_0231.docx
        date: 2022-08-25
       words: 3434
      flesch: 45
     summary: Quantum molecular modelling techniques such as Density Functional Theory (DFT) are typically used to calculate adsorption energies, which act as proxies for electrocatalytic activities (Greeley, 2016). By augmenting DFT calculations with ML regression algorithms (ML-DFT), adsorption energies on multiple adsorbates and adsorption sites can be predicted using only DFT calculations on a smaller subset of candidate materials, as opposed to individually calculating each of their adsorption energies through DFT.
    keywords: adsorbate; adsorption; dft; energies; energy; feature; models; regression; surface
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        item: #2661 of 7527
          id: cet-1268
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 1murphy.docx
        date: 2017-07-19
       words: 3101
      flesch: 57
     summary: Where µ is the average weight of one product unit, σ is the standard deviation of the weight of one product unit, w is the distribution of package weights, and n is the nominal number of product units in a package. 3. Results The results indicated that the calibration time increased linearly with package size (Figure 2).
    keywords: cuttings; number; package; units; weighing; weight
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        item: #2662 of 7527
          id: cet-12680
      author: raffaella
       title: PRES22_0231.docx
        date: 2022-08-25
       words: 4146
      flesch: 42
     summary: The consideration of different optimization models allows the novel method to consider different levels of details for planning CO2 reduction systems, including time variability of energy supply and demand and elaborate allocation of CO2 in the integration network. Previous literature provided optimization models for minimizing the costs of CO2 reduction options whether through energy systems approach, or through CO2 integration networks.
    keywords: co2; co2 reduction; cost; emissions; energy; level; options; power; reduction
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        item: #2663 of 7527
          id: cet-12681
      author: raffaella
       title: PRES22_0231.docx
        date: 2022-08-25
       words: 3944
      flesch: 40
     summary: The main advantage of ionic liquids is that they are liquid salts and their saturated vapor pressure is negligibly low which ensures easier solvent regeneration and provides solvent-free separation products. Therefore, ionic liquids are suitable to replace conventional organic solvents not only in the process of aromatics separation from petroleum fractions but also in other processes of the chemical industry.
    keywords: column; distillation; extraction; ionic; liquids; mixture; separation; toluene; unit
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        item: #2664 of 7527
          id: cet-12682
      author: raffaella
       title: PRES22_0231.docx
        date: 2022-08-25
       words: 3672
      flesch: 51
     summary: Conclusions This paper investigates the sustainability performance of pesticide application technologies for oil palm plantations. A study was conducted to compare the cost and return of investment (ROI) of various pesticide application technologies in oil palm plantations including knapsack, spray tractors and spray drones (Lim et al., 2021).
    keywords: application; carbon; cost; drone; footprint; oil; pesticide; spray; sustainability; technology; time
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        item: #2665 of 7527
          id: cet-12683
      author: raffaella
       title: PRES22_0231.docx
        date: 2022-08-25
       words: 3565
      flesch: 50
     summary: There are many refrigeration cycles for liquefaction and they are classified into three large categories: pure refrigerants cycles, mixed refrigerants cycles, and gas expansion cycles. However, there is a lack of research on biomethane liquefaction and no clear comparison between the performance of its liquefaction processes.
    keywords: biomethane; cascade; compressor; cycle; exergy; gas; liquefaction; processes; refrigerant; temperature
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        item: #2666 of 7527
          id: cet-12684
      author: raffaella
       title: PRES22_0231.docx
        date: 2022-08-25
       words: 3865
      flesch: 40
     summary: Other constraints include lower and upper bounds for voltage magnitude, as specified by power networks, and ensuring that there are no power injections at connecting buses that do not 765 generate nor consume power. De Mel I., Klymenko O.V., Short M., 2022, Balancing accuracy and complexity in optimisation models of distributed energy systems and microgrids with optimal power flow: A review, Sustainable Energy Technologies and Assessments, 52, 102066.
    keywords: constraints; des; design; energy; flow; milp; mopf; power
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        item: #2667 of 7527
          id: cet-12685
      author: raffaella
       title: PRES22_0231.docx
        date: 2022-08-25
       words: 3495
      flesch: 51
     summary: In this assessment, the main contributors to water poverty in the area include water availability, lack of access to safe water and capacity to manage the development of water sources. In the preliminary assessment, the main contributors to water poverty in the area are water availability, lack of access to safe water and capacity to manage development of water sources.
    keywords: availability; barangays; index; indicators; level; poverty; set; table; water; wpi
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        item: #2668 of 7527
          id: cet-12686
      author: raffaella
       title: PRES22_0231.docx
        date: 2022-08-25
       words: 3020
      flesch: 36
     summary: In cases where alternatives can be classified and ranked based on certain criteria, such as in the case of hydrogen storage materials which can be assessed based on several physical and chemical characteristics, multi-criterion decision analysis (MCDA) aids in providing a structure in the decision-making process (Bystrzanowska and Tobiszewski, 2018). In this study, metal organic frameworks, carbonaceous materials, metal hydrides, and complex hydrides were evaluated using the fuzzy multi-criteria decision-making (FMCDM) technique to identify the optimal material in terms of surface area, capacity, dehydrogenation temperature, and stability for hydrogen storage.
    keywords: alternative; assessment; hydrides; hydrogen; materials; metal; storage
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        item: #2669 of 7527
          id: cet-12687
      author: raffaella
       title: PRES22_0231.docx
        date: 2022-08-25
       words: 3642
      flesch: 46
     summary: Finally, Eq(7) and Eq(8) show the constraint for the feasible regions of time and applied current, towards the response parameter of TDS removal. Results and discussion 3.1 Analysis of TDS removal and electricity cost at the time of electrolysis The removal of TDS from the oily wastewater is affected by the formation of bubble generated at the cathode (Muhammad Niza et al., 2021).
    keywords: cost; current; electricity; electrocoagulation; energy; pareto; process; removal; tds; time
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        item: #2670 of 7527
          id: cet-12688
      author: raffaella
       title: PRES22_0231.docx
        date: 2022-08-25
       words: 3555
      flesch: 46
     summary: Birkl, C. R., Roberts, M. R., McTurk, E., Bruce, P. G., Howey, D. A., 2017, Degradation diagnostics for lithium ion cells, Journal of Power Sources, 341, 373–386, DOI: 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2016.12.011 Garg, A., Peng, X., Le, M. L. P., Pareek, K., Chin, C. M. M., 2018, Design and analysis of capacity models for Lithium-ion battery, Measurement, 120, 114–120, DOI: 10.1016/j.measurement.2018.02.003 Guo, P., Cheng, Z., Yang, L., 2019, A data-driven remaining capacity estimation approach for lithium-ion batteries based on charging health feature extraction, Journal of Power Sources, 412, 442–450, DOI: 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2018.11.072 Li, Y., Li, K., Liu, X., Zhang, L., 2020, Fast battery capacity estimation using convolutional neural networks, Transactions of the Institute of Measurement and Control, 0142331220966425, DOI: 10.1177/0142331220966425 Orbanz, P., Teh, Y. W., 2010, Bayesian Nonparametric Models, Encyclopedia of Machine Learning, <groups.seas.harvard.edu/courses/cs281/papers/orbanz-teh-2010.pdf>, accessed 08/01/2022 Park, K., Choi, Y., Choi, W. J., Ryu, H.-Y., Kim, H., 2020, LSTM-Based Battery Remaining Useful Life Prediction With Multi-Channel Charging Profiles, IEEE Access, 8, 20786–20798, DOI: 10.1109/ACCESS.2020.2968939 Severson, K. A., Attia, P. M., Jin, N., Perkins, N., Jiang, B., Yang, Z., Chen, M. H., Aykol, M., Herring, P. K., Fraggedakis, D., Bazant, M. Z., Harris, S. J., Chueh, W. C., Braatz, R. D, 2019, Data-driven prediction of battery cycle life before capacity degradation. Though several approaches such as experimental and model-based estimation models have been explored to predict battery capacity, they are barred by limitations, such as the large amounts of calculation required, that make them unsuitable for real-time capacity estimation.
    keywords: battery; capacity; data; gpr; lstm; mape; models; prediction; train
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        item: #2671 of 7527
          id: cet-12689
      author: raffaella
       title: PRES22_0231.docx
        date: 2022-08-25
       words: 3209
      flesch: 36
     summary: For wider use of 3D printing technology in orthopaedics, a universal computing platform for easy planning and seamless communication between different medical professionals needs to be developed. 3D printing technology involves creating a three-dimensional object layer by layer using various computer software (Vaz et al., 2021).
    keywords: bone; imaging; implant; manufacturing; model; patient; printing; software; surgery; technology
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        item: #2672 of 7527
          id: cet-1269
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 1murphy.docx
        date: 2017-07-19
       words: 4196
      flesch: 39
     summary: 5. Conclusions The main outputs of this project will be a training tool able to represent an alternative to those currently adopted for safety training. Towards a more reliable model to overcome evaluation issues in safety training, Chemical Engineering Transactions 36, 67-72, DOI: 10.3303/CET1436012 Wirth O., Sigurdsson S.O., 2008, When workplace safety depends on behavior change: Topics for behavioral safety research, Journal of Safety Research 39(6), 589–598, DOI:10.1016/j.jsr.2008.10.005 Wolff J.S., Wogalter M.S., 1998, Comprehension of pictogram symbols: Effects of context and test method, Human Factors 40(2), 173–186. 30
    keywords: agriculture; groups; health; materials; migrant; project; safety; safety training; step; tool; training; workers
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        item: #2673 of 7527
          id: cet-12690
      author: raffaella
       title: PRES22_0231.docx
        date: 2022-08-25
       words: 3535
      flesch: 57
     summary: This paper develops this method to simultaneously optimize the first set of variables (amount of water to be produced and transported) and second stage variables (Supply and Waste). Call this sub-problem ω. Eq(10) and Eq(11) state the primal sub problem and Eq(12) and Eq(13)
    keywords: benders; decomposition; model; problem; programming; stage; stochastic; variables; water
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        item: #2674 of 7527
          id: cet-12691
      author: raffaella
       title: PRES22_0231.docx
        date: 2022-08-25
       words: 3969
      flesch: 44
     summary: This is where blockchain technology could play an important role in enabling smart waste management technology. However, rapid urbanization poses many prominent challenges such as waste management, energy management, and other environmental stresses that may lead to unsustainability.
    keywords: barriers; blockchain; cambodia; lack; management; relation; spherical; technology; waste
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        item: #2675 of 7527
          id: cet-12692
      author: raffaella
       title: PRES22_0231.docx
        date: 2022-08-25
       words: 3233
      flesch: 49
     summary: Tmeasured – measured temperature, oC Tpredicted – predicted temperature, oC Ts – feed temperature, oC ∆T – temperature difference between experimental data and predicted data, oC x – measured variable y – predicted variable α, β, γ, δ – coefficients of the inferential model Temperature data of thermocouples in the acrylic box were simultaneously collected by a data logger with the sampling time of 100 ms.
    keywords: acrylic; box; data; model; temperature; water
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        item: #2676 of 7527
          id: cet-12693
      author: raffaella
       title: PRES22_0231.docx
        date: 2022-08-25
       words: 3753
      flesch: 57
     summary: and CDD04 at 26.1 s, (c) water velocity comparison on the Y-axis of cases SDG04 and DDG04 at 60 s, (d) loop circulation for double draft tube geometries. Further research is needed to evaluate if the distance between draft tubes and the ratio of draft tube diameter versus reactor diameter affects the flow inside the reactor.
    keywords: draft; draft tube; geometries; geometry; internal; loop; reactor; time; tube; velocity
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        item: #2677 of 7527
          id: cet-12694
      author: raffaella
       title: PRES22_0231.docx
        date: 2022-08-25
       words: 3820
      flesch: 52
     summary: Main aromatic compounds of liquefied lignin The GC-MS analysis method was used to identify the composition of lignin hydrothermal liquefaction oil products and some detected aromatic compounds in the obtained oil products were listed in Table 1. The flow chart of the experiment was shown in Figure 1. Figure 1: The flow chart of the experiments Initially, 1.45 g of rice straw lignin and 50 mL of aqueous ethanol solution in various concentrations were loaded into the reactor.
    keywords: depolymerization; ethanol; hydrogen; hydrothermal; lignin; oil; reaction; solvent; water
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        item: #2678 of 7527
          id: cet-12695
      author: raffaella
       title: PRES22_0231.docx
        date: 2022-08-25
       words: 4019
      flesch: 44
     summary: Tf Tf * Benzo(a)pyrene 0.74c 0.70b nd nd nd nd 0.65ab 0.58a 0.38a 0.74b nd nd nd nd nd nd Benzo(b)fluoranthene 3.1 nd nd nd nd nd nd nd 2.1 nd nd nd nd nd nd nd Benzo(k)fluoranthene 1.7 nd nd nd nd nd nd nd 1.0 nd nd nd nd nd nd nd Benzo(g,h,i)perylene 8.6e 7.2d 6.2c 5.7c 4.2b 3.1a 6.5c 5.5c 5.4b 6.8c 5.2b 5.1b 3.4a 2.9a 5.2b 5.0b Dibenzo(a,i)pyrene nd nd nd nd nd nd nd nd nd nd nd nd nd nd nd nd Chrysene 28.0c 21.0b 17.8a 16.4a 16.5a 15.4a 18.5a 16.8a 26d 22c 18.1b 14.8a 15.4a 13.9a 0.78a 0.81a nd nd nd nd 0.68 0.55 Benzo(b)fluoranthene 3.3 nd nd nd nd nd nd nd 2.7 nd nd nd nd nd nd nd Benzo(k)fluoranthene 1.6 nd nd nd nd nd nd nd 1.7 nd nd nd nd nd nd nd Benzo(g,h,i)perylene 10.0b 13.0d 9.5b 8.5ab 8.1a 7.6a 9.4b 7.8a 11.1b 10b 8.3a 7.1a
    keywords: concentration; environmental; nd nd; pahs; pgpr; plants; pyrene; soil
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        item: #2679 of 7527
          id: cet-12696
      author: raffaella
       title: PRES22_0231.docx
        date: 2022-08-25
       words: 3881
      flesch: 44
     summary: Response surface method was applied using the central composite design to determine the optimal value of sodium ion removal as a function of cement binder- zeolite ratio of 85:15, applied ED voltage of 15 V, and the number of stacked cell pairs of 3. Additionally, it can be established that A, B, C are highly significant (p < 0.0001) in terms of sodium ion removal.
    keywords: cell; cement; desalination; ion; membrane; removal; sodium; system; water; zeolite
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        item: #2680 of 7527
          id: cet-12698
      author: raffaella
       title: PRES22_0231.docx
        date: 2022-08-25
       words: 3938
      flesch: 37
     summary: In 2022, the challenging selection of the right technology for winery wastewater treatment dramatically changed its dynamic. Kyzas, G.Z., Symeonidou, M.P., Matis, K.A., 2016, Technologies of winery wastewater treatment: A critical approach, Desalination and Water Treatment, 57, 3372–3386. Laurenson, S., Bolan, N.S., Smith, E., Mccarthy, M., 2012, Review: Use of recycled wastewater for irrigating grapevines, Australian Journal of Grape and Wine Research, 18, 1–10. Lofrano, G., Meric, S., 2016, A comprehensive approach to winery wastewater treatment: a review of the state- of the-art, Desalination and Water Treatment, 57, 3011–3028. Mader, A.E., Holtman, G.A., Welz, P.J., 2022, Treatment wetlands and phyto-technologies for remediation of winery effluent: Challenges and opportunities, Science of the Total Environment, 807.
    keywords: cod; et al; european; processes; technology; treatment; wastewater; winery; www
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        item: #2681 of 7527
          id: cet-12699
      author: raffaella
       title: PRES22_0231.docx
        date: 2022-08-25
       words: 3380
      flesch: 48
     summary: The method presented in this paper offers an alternative to the use of the equatorial coordinate system based on quaternion rotations that can account for slower changes over time and provides the possibility to calculate irradiance data reaching the surface of an object orbiting a planet since it is scalable and can be easily reparametrized using data derived from gravitational force laws. This research proposes a new method based on quaternion rotations to calculate the expected irradiance from the Sun to a given surface.
    keywords: coordinate; data; earth; irradiance; quaternion; rotation; sun; system
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        item: #2682 of 7527
          id: cet-127
      author: TW
       title: cet-127
        date: 2017-10-04
       words: 3553
      flesch: 65
     summary: In addition, the unit prices of pipelines with different diameters according to the steam production and usage condition in different plants are considered when calculating steam piping cost. The results show the necessity of the optimization of steam piping cost.
    keywords: area; cost; flows; layout; material; pipe; piping; plants; steam
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        item: #2683 of 7527
          id: cet-1270
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 1murphy.docx
        date: 2017-07-19
       words: 2535
      flesch: 57
     summary: 34 Figure 4: Joint angle motions for right shoulder and elbow based on time for two repetitions of the use case “steering wheel to joystick to side panel and backwards”. Second, the percentage distribution of the colors for the whole body motion results from the sum of the percentage values of the same color divided by the number of joint angles taken into account.
    keywords: body; cabin; evaluation; joint; motion; subject
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        item: #2684 of 7527
          id: cet-12700
      author: raffaella
       title: PRES22_0231.docx
        date: 2022-08-25
       words: 3371
      flesch: 59
     summary: The low percentage of recycled plastic waste is due to the high management costs associated with the treatment of plastic waste derives from the presence of other compounds such as metal and paper in this type of wastes (Qureshi et al., 2020). Plastic waste mixtures contained LDPE, PP and PS with incorporation of organic matter and paper, with the compositions presented in Table1.
    keywords: catalyst; compounds; fcc; incorporation; liquid; plastic; pyrolysis; waste; wt.%
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        item: #2685 of 7527
          id: cet-12701
      author: raffaella
       title: PRES22_0231.docx
        date: 2022-08-25
       words: 3223
      flesch: 49
     summary: The relationship between the biomass/water ratio and bio-oil yield is not clear as no defined tendencies were observed (Figure 3). However, Biller and Ross (2011) obtained approximately 40 % of bio-oil yields in the HTL of Chlorella sp. and Nannochloropsis sp., using 10 % of biomass concentration, which is near to the value obtained in this study.
    keywords: biomass; htl; microalgae; oil; products; ratio; reaction; temperature; water
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        item: #2686 of 7527
          id: cet-12703
      author: raffaella
       title: PRES22_0231.docx
        date: 2022-08-25
       words: 3257
      flesch: 47
     summary: References Bier K., Rüthlein H., 1988, Apparatus for Precise Measurements of Pool Boiling Heat Transfer in the Temperature Range of Liquid Nitrogen, International Journal of Refrigeration, 11(5), 321 – 328. Kosky P.G., Lyon D.N., 1968, Pool Boiling Heat Transfer to Cryogenic Liquids, AIChE Journal, 14(3), 372 – 379.
    keywords: boiling; chf; heat; htc; mixtures; nitrogen; oxygen; pool; transfer
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        item: #2687 of 7527
          id: cet-12704
      author: raffaella
       title: PRES22_0231.docx
        date: 2022-08-25
       words: 3527
      flesch: 31
     summary: At the state level, monitoring of land use through the application of remote sensing data is carried out on the web portal of monitoring of agricultural land use. On the basis of conducted monitoring of agricultural lands in KH Mayak farm in Pavlodar region with the use of available online applications, programs, native web services, UAV evaluated the potential of multi-level use of remote sensing in modern conditions of Kazakhstan.
    keywords: agriculture; crops; data; development; kazakhstan; land; monitoring; sensing; space; state; technologies; use
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        item: #2688 of 7527
          id: cet-12705
      author: raffaella
       title: PRES22_0231.docx
        date: 2022-08-25
       words: 3264
      flesch: 43
     summary: Results and discussion 3.1 X-ray diffraction (XRD) spectra Figure 2 shows the XRD spectra of the neat and calcined WO3 particles. To the best of our knowledge, the photocatalytic degradation of Rhodamine B dye using a crystalline mixture of WO3/WO3.0.5H2O is yet to be reported.
    keywords: degradation; figure; light; particles; photocatalytic; rhodamine; surface; wo3
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        item: #2689 of 7527
          id: cet-12706
      author: raffaella
       title: PRES22_0231.docx
        date: 2022-08-25
       words: 3681
      flesch: 50
     summary: Conclusions Dynamic filtration is a suitable technology for microalgae harvesting and mitigation of fouling in comparison with other types of membrane filtration, such as dead-end, cross-flow, or submerged filtration. This contribution reviews different designs of dynamic filtration systems.
    keywords: disk; filtration; fouling; harvesting; membrane; microalgae; rotating; shear; systems
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        item: #2690 of 7527
          id: cet-12707
      author: raffaella
       title: PRES22_0231.docx
        date: 2022-08-25
       words: 3446
      flesch: 47
     summary: Future study of TPMS MH reactor on numerical analysis of kinetics together with thermodynamics of MH and HE liquid that is validated with experimental results to get a real-life performance, such as hydrogen charging and discharging time, becomes further development of this idea. 4. Conclusion Mechanical and HE fluid dynamics behavior of TPMS MH reactor design on gyroid, Schwarz D, and Schwarz P architectures on different wall thicknesses have been numerically evaluated.
    keywords: design; hydrogen; metal; model; pressure; reactor; schwarz; tpms; wall
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        item: #2691 of 7527
          id: cet-12708
      author: raffaella
       title: PRES22_0231.docx
        date: 2022-08-25
       words: 3533
      flesch: 51
     summary: This is due to the significant losses in the system, resulting in low output power (low output flow rate) and consequently low efficiency. The design parameters that have significant effects on the performance of the system are optimised using the dynamic multi-objective genetic algorithm (MOFA) on MATLAB and analysed accordingly for optimum output flow rate.
    keywords: engine; flow; liquid; output; rate; stirling; system; tuning
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        item: #2692 of 7527
          id: cet-12709
      author: raffaella
       title: PRES22_0231.docx
        date: 2022-08-25
       words: 3934
      flesch: 48
     summary: As CHP produces energy on-site, it could increase the system’s reliability, avoid transmission loss, reduce energy costs, and minimise greenhouse gases (GHG) emissions. Andiappan V., Tan R.R., Ng D.K.S., 2015, Systematic allocation of cost savings among energy systems in an eco-industrial park, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 45, 1657-1662.
    keywords: cogeneration; cost; electricity; energy; facilities; game; heat; park; savings
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        item: #2693 of 7527
          id: cet-1271
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 1murphy.docx
        date: 2017-07-19
       words: 2529
      flesch: 59
     summary: Our quantification was based on minimum and maximum values of human labour energy reported in related literature and the coefficient of 0.36 kg CO2eq per MJ. In the present study, human labour energy used for the production of 58 different agricultural crops in 81 cities of Turkey was derived from related literature and converted to minimum and maximum values of total CO2eq GHG emissions which in turn were interpolated on a national scale using an empirical Bayesian kriging method.
    keywords: co2; co2eq; emissions; energy; ghg; labour; turkey; use
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        item: #2694 of 7527
          id: cet-12710
      author: raffaella
       title: PRES22_0231.docx
        date: 2022-08-25
       words: 3629
      flesch: 54
     summary: Energy and exergy analysis estimates the extent of LNG cold energy accessible in the receiving terminals and the potential of LNG cold energy utilization. In this work, LNG cold exergy gained by the seawater during the vaporization process is considered as exergy destruction.
    keywords: analysis; bar; cold; energy; lng; process; regasification
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        item: #2695 of 7527
          id: cet-12711
      author: raffaella
       title: PRES22_0231.docx
        date: 2022-08-25
       words: 3515
      flesch: 49
     summary: In Figure 4, the yield (% v/v) of the total liquid product for ever petroleum fraction is depicted for final HDT product of each case. According to the results, the energy and make up H2 consumption of the simulated HDT processes is depicted per m3 of total liquid product.
    keywords: case; distillation; hdt; hydroprocessing; lco; lco_cut; liquid; product; wco
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        item: #2696 of 7527
          id: cet-12712
      author: raffaella
       title: PRES22_0231.docx
        date: 2022-08-25
       words: 3388
      flesch: 48
     summary: Overall score of the three alternatives for each case scenario of criteria weights From Figure 2, it can be concluded that the most stable alternative is HDS. Summary of cases with varying criteria weights used for the sensitivity analysis Weighting Case 1 50% C1; 25% C2; 25% C3 Case 2 25% C1; 50% C2; 25% C3 Case 3 25% C1; 25% C2; 50% C3 Case 4 50% C1; 50% C2; 0% C3 Case 5 0% C1; 50% C2; 50% C3 Case 6 50% C1; 0% C2; 50% C3 Case 7 Equal Weights 3.
    keywords: amd; criteria; decision; hds; priority; sub; treatment; weights
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        item: #2697 of 7527
          id: cet-12713
      author: raffaella
       title: PRES22_0231.docx
        date: 2022-08-25
       words: 3001
      flesch: 54
     summary: Crude oil fouling in heat exchanger networks is one of the most troublesome problems in crude oil refineries. To find a suitable cleaning schedule or timing, the authors proposed a method for predicting fouling resistance in near future for crude oil fouling from actual online plant data in this research.
    keywords: cleaning; data; exchanger; fouling; heat; oil; 𝑅𝑅𝑓𝑓
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        item: #2698 of 7527
          id: cet-12714
      author: raffaella
       title: PRES22_0231.docx
        date: 2022-08-25
       words: 3740
      flesch: 38
     summary: The utilisation of a Sustainable Lean Quality (SLQ) approach in luggage companies is expected to provide solutions for luggage companies to increase production efficiency and quality and assess sustainable manufacturing performance. Bhanot N., Qaiser F.F., Alkahtani M., Rehman A.U., 2020, An integrated decision-making approach for cause- and-effect analysis of sustainable manufacturing indicators, Sustainability, 12, 1517.
    keywords: company; level; luggage; manufacturing; process; production; quality; sustainability; value
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        item: #2699 of 7527
          id: cet-12715
      author: raffaella
       title: PRES22_0231.docx
        date: 2022-08-25
       words: 3512
      flesch: 52
     summary: Han J., Jiang P., Childs P.R.N., 2021, Metrics for measuring sustainable product design concepts, Energies, 14, 1–19. Metrics sustainable product design concept is developed to measure the score of sustainability aspect in early design concept (Han et al., 2021).
    keywords: bag; concept; design; material; metrics; product; qfd; study; sustainability
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        item: #2700 of 7527
          id: cet-12718
      author: raffaella
       title: PRES22_0231.docx
        date: 2022-08-25
       words: 3376
      flesch: 54
     summary: Through visualization experiment for gas flow, it was observed that the fraction of gas bubbles inside OBR with oscillation increased up to 2.9 times than that without oscillation at the gas flow rate of 50 mL/min. It has already revealed that the interaction between oscillating flow and baffles generates vortices, which promote the dispersion of gas bubbles and breakage of bubble (Bianchi et al., 2020).
    keywords: bubbles; flow; gas; liquid; obr; oscillation
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        item: #2701 of 7527
          id: cet-12719
      author: raffaella
       title: PRES22_0231.docx
        date: 2022-08-25
       words: 2758
      flesch: 39
     summary: 2.2 Transformation between bulk properties and molecular composition There are two findings that greatly reduce uncertainty of molecular composition reconstruction of oil fractions, the first is the content distribution of molecules in one homologous series subject to statistical functions. Generally, developed molecular composition modelling methods consist of representation of molecular structure information using string/symbol and determination the abundance of representatives (Glazov et al., 2021).
    keywords: composition; framework; information; method; molecules; oil; properties; property; reconstruction; structure
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        item: #2702 of 7527
          id: cet-1272
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 1murphy.docx
        date: 2017-07-19
       words: 3715
      flesch: 57
     summary: DOI: 10.3303/CET1758008 Please cite this article as: Pichorner A., Schaffernicht S., Schick M., Moder K., Quendler E., 2017, Working time requirements, workload and physical strain of daily stable work on small farms specialized in suckler cows in upper carinthia, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 58, 43- 48 DOI: 10.3303/CET1758008 43 RIEGEL & SCHICK (2006) determined working time requirements for cattle farming by time studies and measurements on farms. Working time requirements and physical strain concerning suckler cows
    keywords: activities; cows; farming; farms; feeding; manure; requirements; stable; time; working
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        item: #2703 of 7527
          id: cet-12720
      author: raffaella
       title: PRES22_0231.docx
        date: 2022-08-25
       words: 3010
      flesch: 50
     summary: Please cite this article as: Tigue A.A.S., Promentilla M.A.B., 2022, A TOPSIS and AHP with Spherical Fuzzy Approach for Optimal Selection of Pervious Geopolymer Mix for Heavy Metal Removal, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 94, 979-984 DOI:10.3303/CET2294163 CHEMICAL ENGINEERING TRANSACTIONS VOL. ISBN 978-88-95608-93-8; ISSN 2283-9216 A TOPSIS and AHP with Spherical Fuzzy Approach for Optimal Selection of Pervious Geopolymer Mix for Heavy Metal Removal April Anne S. Tiguea, Michael Angelo B. Promentillab,* aChemical Engineering Department, College of Engineering, De La Salle University, Manila 1004, Philippines bCenter for Engineering and Sustainable Development Research, De La Salle University, Manila 1004, Philippines michael.promentilla@dlsu.edu.ph Geopolymer is an emerging material that is known to have excellent properties.
    keywords: ahp; criteria; geopolymer; mix; removal; table; topsis
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        item: #2704 of 7527
          id: cet-12721
      author: raffaella
       title: PRES22_0231.docx
        date: 2022-08-25
       words: 3585
      flesch: 51
     summary: Supported metal catalysts are mainly used in the production of synthesis-gas by dry methane reforming. The formation of carbon nanotubes in the current case of methane reforming corresponds to the data obtained in (Zhang et al., 2020), where it was reported that 987 graphite carbon filamentous crystals can be formed under dry methane conditions at 700 - 850 °C on a nickel catalyst.
    keywords: al2o3; biogas; catalysts; conversion; gas; metal; methane; reforming; synthesis
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        item: #2705 of 7527
          id: cet-12722
      author: raffaella
       title: PRES22_0231.docx
        date: 2022-08-25
       words: 3213
      flesch: 50
     summary: Pre* Main Pre Main Number of stages 23 46 21 46 Feed stage/ Interconnection stages 14 9, 33 14 5, 26 Side stream stages 23 16 Reflux ratio 1.95 1.968 Liquid to pre(kmol/h) 33.5 24.9 Vapour to pre(kmol/h) 84.5 70.2 Condenser duty(kW) 815.8 821.87 Reboiler duty(kW) 898.6 900.81 Total Investment Cost ($) 134,130 134,185 Total Operating Cost ($/y) 29,844 29,926 Total Annual Cost ($/y) 43,258 43,344 *Pre – Prefractionator Column Table 3 Nodes evaluated and computational performance of FPBB-HB algorithm for DWC example Item FPBB-HB CPU time (s) 2,712 Number of nodes created 8 NLP subproblem solved 8 Number of feasible integer solutions 3 Number of nodes pruned 2 In this paper, we develop a new solution approach - a feasible path-based branch and bound algorithm for highly nonconvex MINLP problems.
    keywords: algorithm; branch; minlp; nlp; node; solution; variables
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        item: #2706 of 7527
          id: cet-12723
      author: raffaella
       title: PRES22_0231.docx
        date: 2022-08-25
       words: 3679
      flesch: 53
     summary: However, as the authors themselves point out, the model is derived from an ideal arrangement of fuel particles. 5. Conclusions Simulation of three minutes of the combustion process demonstrated the difference in assuming a particular arrangement of fuel particles even when all the particle properties and the bed porosity are identical.
    keywords: bed; coefficient; combustion; fuel; heat; model; particles; radiative
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        item: #2707 of 7527
          id: cet-12724
      author: raffaella
       title: PRES22_0231.docx
        date: 2022-08-25
       words: 3950
      flesch: 52
     summary: There is a variety in the selection of fuel cell technologies with conflicting weaknesses, strengths, and characteristics, which make choosing a difficult task. Fuel cell technology is a promising solution to provide continuous and reliable electricity generated from variable RE sources.
    keywords: cell; energy; fuel; fuel cell; power; technologies; technology
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        item: #2708 of 7527
          id: cet-12725
      author: raffaella
       title: PRES22_0231.docx
        date: 2022-08-25
       words: 2984
      flesch: 47
     summary: One approach for the determination of separator efficiency, as shown by Sayda and Taylor (2007) is that the droplets in the different phases reach the already specified separated phase areas after a certain distance has been covered. The CFD model gives good results in the area of phase interaction between oil and water but needs further work to calculate the dispersion properties of the oil in water.
    keywords: figure; gas; model; oil; phase; separator; simulation; water
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        item: #2709 of 7527
          id: cet-12726
      author: raffaella
       title: PRES22_0231.docx
        date: 2022-08-25
       words: 3773
      flesch: 49
     summary: 3. Self-tuning of explicit model predictive control The tuning of approximated explicit model predictive control is performed through linear interpolation between two optimal explicit MPC controllers.
    keywords: control; controller; heat; input; model; mpc; reference; tuning
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        item: #2710 of 7527
          id: cet-12727
      author: raffaella
       title: PRES22_0231.docx
        date: 2022-08-25
       words: 3281
      flesch: 52
     summary: ISBN 978-88-95608-93-8; ISSN 2283-9216 Computer Simulation of Attractive Swarming Accompanied by Particles Aggregation in Dispersed Systems Leila Musabekovaa,b,*, Kuttybek Arystanbayevb, Madina Jamankarayevac, Madamin Amandikovd aAuezov University of South Kazakhstan, Tauke Khan, 5, Shymkent, 160012, Kazakhstan bSouth Kazakhstan Medical Academy, Al-Farabi square, 1, 160019, Kazakhstan сSouth Kazakhstan State Pedagogical University, Baitursynov street, 13, Shymkent,160012, Kazakhstan dPeople Friendship University named after Academic A.Kuatbekov, Tole bi street, 32, Shymkent, Kazakhstan leila.musabekova2@auezov.edu.kz In the previous works a systematic analysis of swarming processes, accompanied by particles aggregation with formation of high-order clusters in dispersed flows, has been carried out. For the process of particle aggregation in the present work, the mechanism of diffusion-limited aggregation (DLA) was adopted.
    keywords: aggregation; clusters; number; percentage; swarming; volume
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        item: #2711 of 7527
          id: cet-12728
      author: raffaella
       title: PRES22_0231.docx
        date: 2022-08-25
       words: 3196
      flesch: 39
     summary: Figure 5: Effect of pH on photocatalytic degradation of rhodamine B 0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 0 3 0 6 0 9 0 1 2 0 1 5 0 1 8 0 CO N CE N TR A TI O N (C /C References Ahmad M., Rehman W., Khan M.M., Qureshi M.T., Gul A., Haq S., Ullah R., Rab A., Menaa F., 2021, Phytogenic fabrication of ZnO and gold decorated ZnO nanoparticles for photocatalytic degradation of Rhodamine B, Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering, 9(1), 104725.
    keywords: catalyst; cus; degradation; light; photocatalytic; rhodamine; water; zns
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        item: #2712 of 7527
          id: cet-12729
      author: raffaella
       title: PRES22_0231.docx
        date: 2022-08-25
       words: 3871
      flesch: 52
     summary: The analysis of the liquid and gaseous phase of bio-oil conversion using propanol-2 as a solvent showed the formation of benzene, toluene, phenols, alcohols, and light hydrocarbons. The experiments on the co-processing of petroleum and bio-oil model compounds were carried out in a six-cell reactor Parr Series 5000 Multiple Reactor System (Parr Instrument, USA) equipped with a magnetic stirrer.
    keywords: bio; catalyst; oil; pressure; processing; pyrolysis; temperature
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        item: #2713 of 7527
          id: cet-1273
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 1murphy.docx
        date: 2017-07-19
       words: 2710
      flesch: 34
     summary: The method of determining energy intensity in the production of products and provision of services in technological energy systems <www.standard.gost.ru> accessed 25.05.2010 Kasumov N., 2014a, The determination of the average values of energy intensity labor of different categories of workers depending on the physical activity, Machinery and equipment for the village, 5, 27-29 Kasumov N., 2014b, To the question of the definition of energy intensity of living labor of the employee, Machinery and equipment for the village, 3, 33-34 The international Covenant on economic, social and cultural rights <www.un.org/ru/documents/decl> accessed 09.12.2014 The indicators of average energy intensity of labor calculated for all categories of workers, depending on sex, age, body weight and physical activity ratio are presented.
    keywords: activity; energy; energy intensity; intensity; labor; years
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        item: #2714 of 7527
          id: cet-12730
      author: raffaella
       title: PRES22_0231.docx
        date: 2022-08-25
       words: 3682
      flesch: 41
     summary: This method constitutes a powerful tool for the assessment of systems for VF integration that enhance the sustainability of agricultural activity. Therefore, this kind of systems have a high density of mass and energy per unit of area.
    keywords: farming; figure; graph; loop; operation; synthesis; system; units
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        item: #2715 of 7527
          id: cet-12731
      author: raffaella
       title: PRES22_0231.docx
        date: 2022-08-25
       words: 3841
      flesch: 51
     summary: Multiperiod planning was utilized for designing water networks. The objective of the model is to minimize the TAC by long-term multi-period planning of water network considering the entire planning horizon.
    keywords: cooling; energy; model; network; planning; treatment; water; 𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎
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        item: #2716 of 7527
          id: cet-12732
      author: raffaella
       title: PRES22_0231.docx
        date: 2022-08-25
       words: 3963
      flesch: 57
     summary: One of the challenges, during the introduction of electric mobility, is providing a sufficiently dense network of charging stations. Knowledge of the presence at work and the possibility of charging cars at charging stations enabled setting upper bound on the variable𝑥𝑥𝑖𝑖𝑗𝑗𝑗𝑗, as a product of 𝑚𝑚𝑖𝑖𝑗𝑗 and 𝑗𝑗𝑣𝑣𝑗𝑗𝑗𝑗, that is 1 if employee works and can charge at the right charging station, otherwise it is set to 0.
    keywords: chargers; charging; model; time; university; vehicles; ∊ 𝐼𝐼; ∊ 𝐽𝐽
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        item: #2717 of 7527
          id: cet-12733
      author: raffaella
       title: PRES22_0231.docx
        date: 2022-08-25
       words: 3555
      flesch: 53
     summary: The paper's primary goal and scientific contribution is the mathematical simulation of nonlinear surface waves in moving thin layers of perfect liquids with accounting for the combined influence of mass sources and surface activity at the free-moving boundaries. The intensity of small surface waves of high frequency, the so-called ripple, increases essentially too.
    keywords: activity; equation; liquid; mass; nonlinear; parameters; surface; waves
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        item: #2718 of 7527
          id: cet-12735
      author: raffaella
       title: PRES22_0231.docx
        date: 2022-08-25
       words: 3886
      flesch: 38
     summary: The soft computing tool named Energy Fuzzy-On is a tool for aiding the integration of hybrid sustainable renewable energy systems. Due to this, sustainable, optimal and safe operations should be included in hybrid renewable energy systems, i.e., the integration of several types of energy generation equipment such as electrical energy generators, electrical energy storage systems, and renewable energy sources (Nazari-Heris and Mohammadi Iyatloo, 2018).
    keywords: analysis; cost; criteria; decision; diesel; energy; model; parameters; planning; systems; tool
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        item: #2719 of 7527
          id: cet-12736
      author: raffaella
       title: PRES22_0231.docx
        date: 2022-08-25
       words: 3537
      flesch: 46
     summary: The constant annual increase in the global demand for food production is taking a toll on the current global supply of such commodity fertilisers and phosphate rocks. Table 4: Effects of different fertilisers on the yield components of tomato, eggplant, cabbage, and mustard Treatment Yield per plot in kg Tomato Eggplant Cabbage Mustard Treatment 1 (No fertiliser) 3.26b 8.99b 0.89b 1.43b Treatment 2 (Ammonium phosphate)
    keywords: analysis; farm; fertiliser; food; phosphate; phosphorous; process; production; salikneta; septage; struvite; treatment; wastewater
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        item: #2720 of 7527
          id: cet-12738
      author: raffaella
       title: PRES22_0231.docx
        date: 2022-08-25
       words: 3972
      flesch: 49
     summary: The results presented at the end of the paper are relevant since they show the feasibility of an innovative scheme for bio-DME production while also providing a low-cost and sustainable solution for the disposal of sewage sludge, a serious challenge of ever-increasing importance due to the rapid growth of the global population (Werle and Dudziak, 2019). Kralj A.K., Hosnar J., 2012, Replacing the existing methanol production within DME production by using biogas.
    keywords: bio; content; cost; dme; gasification; hydrochar; process; production; sewage; sludge; syngas
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        item: #2721 of 7527
          id: cet-1274
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 1murphy.docx
        date: 2017-07-19
       words: 3622
      flesch: 52
     summary: For other variants and for tasks during dried hay production, the creation of calculation models will start after first measurements (for other variants by feeding between March and May and by hay production between May and June). However, there is limited information available regarding labour requirement for barn dried hay production and its feeding by current used techniques.
    keywords: barn; calculation; drying; feeding; hay; labour; models; production; requirement; time; work
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        item: #2722 of 7527
          id: cet-12740
      author: raffaella
       title: PRES22_0231.docx
        date: 2022-08-25
       words: 5129
      flesch: 47
     summary: Lapuerta M., Armas O., Rodríguez-Fernández J., 2008, Effect of biodiesel fuels on diesel engine emissions, Progress in Energy and Combustion Science, 34, 198-223. Using biodiesel mix fuels resulted in greater brake specific fuel consumption, particularly at low engine speeds and under partial load situations The brake thermal efficiency of biodiesel blend fuels was found to be slightly higher compared to diesel fuel at 50 and 100 % load and the opposite trend was found at 25 % load.
    keywords: biodiesel; chuah; diesel engine; diesel fuel; emission; engine; fuel; oil; performance
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        item: #2723 of 7527
          id: cet-12741
      author: raffaella
       title: PRES22_0231.docx
        date: 2022-08-25
       words: 3336
      flesch: 52
     summary: By studying the effect of different parameters, including temperature, amine load, and concentration of the main unit on CO2 absorption in porous liquids, it was found that the optimum amine loading was 30 wt%, the optimum adsorption temperature was 60 °C and the optimum concentration of the main unit was 7.5 wt%. When the effect of different parameters on CO2 absorption capacity was investigated, it was found that the optimal adsorption temperature was 60 °C, and the optimal concentration of the main units was7.5 wt%.
    keywords: absorption; capacity; co2; co2 absorption; concentration; gas; pls; temperature; tepa
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        item: #2724 of 7527
          id: cet-12742
      author: raffaella
       title: PRES22_0231.docx
        date: 2022-08-25
       words: 4061
      flesch: 52
     summary: Migo-Sumagang M.V., Aviso K., Tapia J.F., Tan R.R., 2021, A superstructure model for integrated deployment of negative emissions technologies under resource constraints, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 88, 1– 6. Minx J.C., Lamb W.F., Callaghan M.W., Fuss S., Hilaire J., Creutzig F., Amann T., Beringer T., De Oliveira Garcia W., Hartmann J., Khanna T., Lenzi D., Luderer G., Nemet G.F., Rogelj J., Smith P., Vicente Vicente J.L., Wilcox J., Del Mar Zamora Dominguez M., 2018, Negative emissions - part 1: research landscape and synthesis, Environmental Research Letters, 13, 063001. Tan R.R., Almario E.M.R., Aviso K.B., Cruz J.B., Promentilla M.A.B., 2019, A methodology for tracing the rank invariance region in multi-criterion selection problems: application to negative emission technologies, Process Integration and Optimization for Sustainability, 3: 533–536.
    keywords: case; constraints; emissions; model; nets; resource; study; technologies
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        item: #2725 of 7527
          id: cet-12743
      author: raffaella
       title: PRES22_0231.docx
        date: 2022-08-25
       words: 3404
      flesch: 42
     summary: Use of MP models in the field date back to the mid-20th Century when Fenech and Acrivos (1956) first proposed the use of Linear Programming (LP) models in the context of chemical engineering. Optimization with MP models has now been integrated into mainstream chemical engineering education.
    keywords: chemical; education; engineering; learning; model; optimization; pandemic; process; programming; students
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        item: #2726 of 7527
          id: cet-12744
      author: raffaella
       title: PRES22_0231.docx
        date: 2022-08-25
       words: 4022
      flesch: 53
     summary: Heat exchanger network synthesis (HENS) has been used over the years by process industries to achieve economically optimal heat integrated systems. References Cowen N., Vogel A., Isafiade A.J., Čuček L., Kravanja Z., 2019, Synthesis of combined heat exchange network and utility supply chain, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 76, 391 – 396. Edgar T.F., Himmelblau D.M., Lasdon L.S., 2001, Optimization of Chemical Processes, 2nd Edition, Mc Graw Hill, New York, USA, 435 – 438. Elsido C., Martelli E., Grossmann I.E., 2021, Multiperiod optimization of heat exchanger networks with integrated thermodynamic cycles and thermal storages, Computers and Chemical Engineering, 149, 107293.
    keywords: energy; exchanger; generation; heat; hen; network; power
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        item: #2727 of 7527
          id: cet-12745
      author: raffaella
       title: PRES22_0231.docx
        date: 2022-08-25
       words: 2799
      flesch: 54
     summary: Table 1: Proportion of waste type Type Kitchen waste Other waste Recyclable waste Harmful waste Proportion/% 52.2 20.7 17.2 9.9 1131 Table 2: Price of waste treatment and transportation Waste treatment Transportationa) Price/CNY·t-1 Kitchen 52.2 Other 20.7 Recyclable 17.2 Harmful 9.9 Electric truck 3.7 Heavy truck 3 Note: a) Waste classification can greatly improve the efficiency of waste treatment and ensure the healthy development of cities.
    keywords: collection; cost; msw; supply; transfer; transportation; treatment; waste
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        item: #2728 of 7527
          id: cet-12746
      author: raffaella
       title: PRES22_0231.docx
        date: 2022-08-25
       words: 3253
      flesch: 50
     summary: It is suggested that the use of modelling of e-waste recycling process by means of experiment planning method is promising. Introduction Today, e-waste recycling is a particularly pressing issue around the world.
    keywords: gold; leaching; planning; process; recovery; table; waste
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        item: #2729 of 7527
          id: cet-12747
      author: raffaella
       title: PRES22_0231.docx
        date: 2022-08-25
       words: 3872
      flesch: 51
     summary: Energy storage technologies (EST) that are available in the market and in the process of development have their specific strengths and weaknesses. To achieve the committed target in COP26, governments around the world should address policy and implementation challenges for renewable and include investment in energy storage technologies (ESTs).
    keywords: criteria; density; efficiency; energy; fuzzy; power; storage
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        item: #2730 of 7527
          id: cet-12748
      author: raffaella
       title: PRES22_0231.docx
        date: 2022-08-25
       words: 3558
      flesch: 38
     summary: 1151 The proposed concept/idea ultimately provides excellent benefits of establishing a model that can help a country make strategic energy policy decisions. In the end, the proposed concept or idea is a great way to set up a model that can be used to help a country make essential energy policy decisions.
    keywords: anp; bocr; criteria; decision; energy; framework; making; planning; policy; step; weights
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        item: #2731 of 7527
          id: cet-12749
      author: raffaella
       title: PRES22_0231.docx
        date: 2022-08-25
       words: 3603
      flesch: 49
     summary: Thomas et al. (2009) compared central and distributed hydrogen production costs. This paper provides an overview of the principal published data of equipment manufacturers and essential scientific articles on both technical and economic issues of hydrogen production for these purposes.
    keywords: capacity; cost; energy; gas; h-1; hydrogen; price; production; smr; units
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        item: #2732 of 7527
          id: cet-1275
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 1murphy.docx
        date: 2017-07-19
       words: 3231
      flesch: 59
     summary: Agricultural machines often work on rough terrain and sloping ground so instability and rollover events can easily occur. The standard defines a method to measure the Static Overturning Angle (SOA) of agricultural machines to be compared to a Required Static Stability Angle (RSSA) representing the limit for evaluating ROPS fitment on the machine.
    keywords: cog; iso; machine; rollover; sprayers; stability
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        item: #2733 of 7527
          id: cet-12750
      author: raffaella
       title: PRES22_0231.docx
        date: 2022-08-25
       words: 3220
      flesch: 49
     summary: The design of chemical reactors is the heart of process synthesis, wherein the main goal is to generate the desired component or chemical (Foo et al., 2005). Different factors such as waste products, energy, and raw material consumption are considered for process synthesis.
    keywords: chemical; energy; methanol; process; reaction; solution; structure; synthesis
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        item: #2734 of 7527
          id: cet-12751
      author: raffaella
       title: PRES22_0231.docx
        date: 2022-08-25
       words: 3516
      flesch: 48
     summary: optimised product material product RON RON reduction RON RON − = − (7) min( )optimised expectedObjective function RON RON= − (8) where 𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑁𝑁𝑙𝑙𝑝𝑝𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑙𝑙𝑚𝑚𝑝𝑝 is the optimised product RON. i i i MAE y y n = = −∑ (4) 2 2 21 2 1 ˆ( ) 1 1 ( ) n i i i n i i i y y R R y y = = − = − −∞ ≤ ≤ − ∑ ∑ (5) Where 𝑦𝑦𝑚𝑚, 𝑦𝑦�𝑚𝑚 and �̄�𝑦𝑚𝑚 are observed values, predicted values, and average values of RON product.
    keywords: data; gasoline; model; parameters; prediction; process; product; refining; ron; variables
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        item: #2735 of 7527
          id: cet-12752
      author: raffaella
       title: PRES22_0231.docx
        date: 2022-08-25
       words: 2292
      flesch: 57
     summary: This research examines potential use of date palm fibers as a natural reinforcement material for concrete. Ismail and Hashim (2008) noted that an addition of date palm fibers significantly reduces the workability of the mix if the fiber length is greater than 5 cm.
    keywords: concrete; f.c; fibers; mpa; palm; strength
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        item: #2736 of 7527
          id: cet-12753
      author: raffaella
       title: PRES22_0231.docx
        date: 2022-08-25
       words: 4025
      flesch: 39
     summary: As expected, the membrane with the highest MWCO or loose UF membrane obtained the highest permeate flux with a value of 105.4 ± 13.3 L/m2.h, followed by the tight UF membrane with a value of 77.4 ± 11.7 L/m2.h, and finally, the membrane with the lowest MWCO or NF membrane had the lowest permeate flux with 51.2 ± 6.2 L/m2.h. This study proposed an integrated membrane system and using a theoretical balance was found that the colour of starch hydrolysates could be reduced to 53.6 % using three different steps of membrane filtration.
    keywords: colour; filtration; hydrolysates; membrane; permeate; process; starch; sugar; syrup; tight
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        item: #2737 of 7527
          id: cet-12754
      author: raffaella
       title: PRES22_0231.docx
        date: 2022-08-25
       words: 3980
      flesch: 49
     summary: Charcoal Briquettes Production The torrefied peanut shells were crushed into fine particles then screened and the char having less than 6 mm diameter size was collected for charcoal briquette production. The torrefaction process was applied to the peanut shells to produce charcoal briquette using Cornick industry wastewater as a binder and a charcoal briquetting press.
    keywords: analysis; binder; biomass; briquette; charcoal; content; peanut; production; shell; wt.%
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        item: #2738 of 7527
          id: cet-12755
      author: raffaella
       title: PRES22_0231.docx
        date: 2022-08-25
       words: 3017
      flesch: 52
     summary: One option for improving thermal efficiency in heat pump cycles is to match temperature profiles of the refrigerant with the heat source and heat sink fluids as closely as possible. However, most commercial heat pump technology is limited to heat sink outlet temperatures below 100 °C, and while this is suitable for a range of applications, (e.g. hot water for hygienic cleaning in the food industry), there are many applications that require temperatures significantly above 100 °C.
    keywords: cop; exergy; heat; temperature
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        item: #2739 of 7527
          id: cet-12756
      author: raffaella
       title: PRES22_0231.docx
        date: 2022-08-25
       words: 3660
      flesch: 44
     summary: Autonomous vehicle systems can be considered the most promising solutions in the field of dual-purpose transportation and locomotion. These factors appear both in the hardware and software domains of autonomous ground vehicle systems, arising research questions linked to resilience as follows (Bagchi et al., 2020).
    keywords: components; ground; literature; research; resilience; review; systems; ugvs; vehicles
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        item: #2740 of 7527
          id: cet-12757
      author: raffaella
       title: PRES22_0231.docx
        date: 2022-08-25
       words: 3983
      flesch: 35
     summary: In recent years, energy management system (EMS) research has gotten a lot of attention. Espín‐Sarzosa D., Palma-Behnke R., Núñez‐Mata O., 2020, Energy management systems for microgrids: Main existing trends in centralized control architectures, Energies, 13(3), 1–32.
    keywords: analysis; central; ems; energy; factors; grid; management; pestle; system
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        item: #2741 of 7527
          id: cet-12758
      author: raffaella
       title: PRES22_0231.docx
        date: 2022-08-25
       words: 2988
      flesch: 50
     summary: Since AMD persists long after abandonment of mine operations, passive treatment system may provide the long-term solution that can be made sustainable using materials that are cheap and derived from waste. Passive treatment systems are viewed as a method that is better economically because they do not need continuous chemical inputs like in active treatment systems (Kefeni et al., 2017).
    keywords: acid; amd; drainage; limestone; lmw; treatment
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        item: #2742 of 7527
          id: cet-12759
      author: raffaella
       title: PRES22_0231.docx
        date: 2022-08-25
       words: 3560
      flesch: 45
     summary: For the calculation of adsorption capacity and removal percentage, Eq(1) and Eq(2), were used as follows; 𝑞𝑞𝑡𝑡 = 𝐶𝐶0 − 𝐶𝐶𝑡𝑡 𝑚𝑚 × 𝑉𝑉 (1) 𝑅𝑅 = 𝐶𝐶0 − 𝐶𝐶𝑡𝑡 𝐶𝐶0 × 100 (2) 1214 In these equations, C0 is the initial concentration of the pollutant, and Ct is the concentration at time t; also, V is the volume (L) of the contaminated synthetic solution, and m is the mass of the adsorbent (g). Sips qe = qmsKSCe 1 nS 1 + KSCe 1 nS qms (mg/g) 52.58 KS (mg/L)-1/ns 0.0856 nS 0.3654 R2 0.9971 RMSE 0.4666 *qe: Equilibrium adsorption capacity (mg/g), K1: pseudo-first order kinetic constant, K2: pseudo-second order kinetic constant, h: initial sorption rate.
    keywords: adsorbent; adsorption; capacity; clay; model; ni(ii; spc
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        item: #2743 of 7527
          id: cet-1276
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 1murphy.docx
        date: 2017-07-19
       words: 2907
      flesch: 55
     summary: The inclusion of dynamic models for work processes in the ART Work Budget (ART-WB) has created a comprehensive calculation tool that allows the working-time requirement of a farm to be modelled with great precision. Introduction Key work economics figures for work processes in agriculture are published in various media for practitioners, extension workers and educators.
    keywords: art; farm; processes; requirement; time; twb; work
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        item: #2744 of 7527
          id: cet-12760
      author: raffaella
       title: PRES22_0231.docx
        date: 2022-08-25
       words: 3832
      flesch: 59
     summary: data for each of two periods (t1 and t2) of low carbon energy planning. The results show that multi- period low-carbon energy planning can achieve better deployment of resources and technologies and reduce the pressure to reduce carbon emissions in the early stages of planning.
    keywords: approach; carbon; ccs; emission; energy; nets; period; planning; pwh; table
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        item: #2745 of 7527
          id: cet-12761
      author: raffaella
       title: PRES22_0231.docx
        date: 2022-08-25
       words: 3692
      flesch: 47
     summary: Structural changes of the distillation unit are more complex because they require higher capital investment and more installation time than structural changes of the HEN, which usually require the relocation of existing heat exchangers or addition of ones and the installation of stream splitters (Wang et al., 2021). That graphical representation could easily recognize heat exchangers Across the Pinch, the Pinch of the network, Pinching matches and suitable replacement for energy saving.
    keywords: analysis; consumption; energy; exchanger; heat; naphtha; oil; pinch; temperature
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        item: #2746 of 7527
          id: cet-12762
      author: raffaella
       title: PRES22_0231.docx
        date: 2022-08-25
       words: 2988
      flesch: 43
     summary: For this purpose, they studied the effects of operating conditions such as water temperature, pressure difference, air velocity, and supply air temperature on vapour fraction difference and humidification efficiency. Changing the flow rate and water temperature also affected the humidification process by 15 % and 16 %.
    keywords: air; flow; humidification; humidity; process; results; temperature; water
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        item: #2747 of 7527
          id: cet-12763
      author: raffaella
       title: PRES22_0231.docx
        date: 2022-08-25
       words: 3126
      flesch: 37
     summary: Introduction One of the main directions of using remote sensing (RS) data in agriculture is the analysis of the effectiveness of agricultural land use. State statistics and agricultural land records in this case become biased, making it difficult to assess the efficiency and control of agricultural land use.
    keywords: data; figure; kazakhstan; land; pavlodar; region; sensing; soil; use; vegetation
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        item: #2748 of 7527
          id: cet-12764
      author: raffaella
       title: PRES22_0231.docx
        date: 2022-08-25
       words: 2825
      flesch: 50
     summary: The aim of heat exchanger cleaning from fouling is to minimise the operating cost of HEN. The paper presents the method of scheduling of heat exchangers cleaning from fouling in heat exchanger networks (HEN).
    keywords: cleaning; exchanger; heat; hen; interventions; method; number
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        item: #2749 of 7527
          id: cet-12765
      author: raffaella
       title: PRES22_0231.docx
        date: 2022-08-25
       words: 3539
      flesch: 50
     summary: Water body (Real system) pH 4 pH 7 pH 10 Sea water Tap water PET PET-pH4 PET-pH7 PET-pH10 PET-SW PET-TW PET fibres PET-fib-pH4 PET-fib-pH7 PET-fib-pH10 PET-fib-SW PET-fib-TW 3. In general, PET plastic did not lose its mass significantly, except in the sample, PET-pH7 mass loss was more notable.
    keywords: fibres; leaching; model; pet; plastic; samples; waste; water
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        item: #2750 of 7527
          id: cet-12766
      author: raffaella
       title: PRES22_0231.docx
        date: 2022-08-25
       words: 3160
      flesch: 54
     summary: ISBN 978-88-95608-93-8; ISSN 2283-9216 Plastic Waste Circularity with Data-Driven Approach Considering Polymer Heterogeneity Hon Huin China,*, Petar Sabev Varbanova, Jiří Jaromír Klemeša, Raymond R. Tanb, Kathleen B. Avisob aSustainable Process Integration Laboratory – SPIL, NETME Centre, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Brno University of Technology - VUT Brno, Technická 2896/2, 616 69 Brno, Czech Republic bDepartment of Chemical Engineering, Gokongwei College of Engineering, De La Salle University, 2401 Taft Avenue, 0922 Manila, Philippines chin@fme.vutbr.cz Plastic debris has been a consistent issue in the global environment, and plastic waste recycling is the most promising option to avoid further accumulation. This work aims to extend the previously developed data-driven approach to quantifying the recyclability clusters of plastic waste to consider polymer heterogeneity in the evaluation.
    keywords: compatibility; plastic; polymers; recycling; waste
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        item: #2751 of 7527
          id: cet-12767
      author: raffaella
       title: PRES22_0231.docx
        date: 2022-08-25
       words: 3327
      flesch: 38
     summary: The optimization results provide guidance for sustainable design and operations of energy systems, identify environmental hotspots and associated mitigation strategies, and inform the resulting social benefits. 1. Introduction Extensive research on deep decarbonization of energy systems is conducted at the city-level (Wiryadinata et al., 2019), state-level (Zhao and You, 2020), and country-level (Vaillancourt et al., 2017).
    keywords: cycle; design; emissions; energy; heat; optimization; scope; systems; total
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        item: #2752 of 7527
          id: cet-12768
      author: raffaella
       title: PRES22_0231.docx
        date: 2022-08-25
       words: 3517
      flesch: 48
     summary: The adoption of a hybrid material that combines latent and sensible heat storage materials can produce a beneficial effect that combines the benefits of both techniques while also addressing some of the concerns that sensible and latent heat TES have (Elfeky et al., 1267 2020). Thermal energy storage for waste heat recovery in the steelworks: The case study of the REslag project.
    keywords: capacity; energy; heat; material; phase; ratio; storage; tank; temperature; tes
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        item: #2753 of 7527
          id: cet-12769
      author: raffaella
       title: PRES22_0231.docx
        date: 2022-08-25
       words: 4363
      flesch: 40
     summary: Hydrogen energy, economy and storage: Review and recommendation. Recent trends in hydrogen energy.
    keywords: carbon; challenges; cost; economy; energy; fossil; fuels; green; hydrogen; hydrogen production; production; waste
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        item: #2754 of 7527
          id: cet-1277
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 1murphy.docx
        date: 2017-07-19
       words: 3573
      flesch: 55
     summary: Five mm-diameter wells were prepared on the agar surface and filled with 10μl of the T. claveryi (200 µg mL-1) or T. pinoyi extract (200 µg mL-1). 2.5 Continuous Kinetic Growth Method For MIC assessment, dilutions of the T. claveryi and T. pinoyi extracts were made in Luria Broth (LB, Conda, Spain) to obtain final concentrations of 100, 50, 25, 12.5, and 6.25 μg mL-1.
    keywords: activity; claveryi; extracts; michiganensis; pinoyi; plant; species; subsp; tomato
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        item: #2755 of 7527
          id: cet-12771
      author: raffaella
       title: PRES22_0231.docx
        date: 2022-08-25
       words: 4090
      flesch: 49
     summary: Participants' sustainable attitudes were comprehended via quantifying their psychosocial variables including awareness of climate change and energy sources, and their behavioural intentions, i.e. willingness to pay a financial premium for renewables and nuclear power. This study fills a knowledge gap in understanding the sustainable attitudes and future visions of energy transition of undergraduates in the UK and China, and further enhances the recognition of the differential role of influencing factors across countries.
    keywords: attitudes; chinese; energy; participants; variables; wpm
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        item: #2756 of 7527
          id: cet-12772
      author: raffaella
       title: PRES22_0231.docx
        date: 2022-08-25
       words: 4398
      flesch: 50
     summary: This work introduces the Total Site Hydrogen Storage Cascade (TS-H2SC) to integrate hydrogen energy storage with Urban-Industrial Symbiosis based on the Total Site Heat and Power Integration methodologies, as shown in Figure 1. Colbertaldo P., Agustin S.B., Campanari S., Brouwer J., 2019, Impact of hydrogen energy storage on California electric power system: Towards 100% renewable electricity, International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 44(19), 9558-9576.
    keywords: electricity; energy; hydrogen; lohc; power; storage; system; 𝐵𝐵 𝐻𝐻
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        item: #2757 of 7527
          id: cet-12773
      author: raffaella
       title: PRES22_0231.docx
        date: 2022-08-25
       words: 2575
      flesch: 53
     summary: Figure 4: Photos of POM sphere treated in different methods: (a) untreated POM sphere; (b) POM sphere saturated in 1 % nigrosine for 48 h; (c) profile of POM sphere in (b); (d) hydrothermal processed POM; (e) 1 % nigrosine involved hydrothermal processed POM; (f) profile of POM sphere in (e) 4. Conclusion Under hydrothermal conditions, POM sphere underwent three stages: heating, swelling and dissolving. Table 4: TOC results of the aqueous phase of hydrothermal processed POM under different temperature conditions (original water dose: 0.2 mL) (mg) 200 ℃ 210 ℃ 220 ℃ 230 ℃ 240 ℃ 250 ℃ 1 4.8270 4.6858 4.3692 4.4721 4.4370 4.4486 2 4.9517 4.7759 4.5738 4.3602 4.5021 4.1879 3 4.4258 4.2728 4.2354 4.4626 4.1583 4.4786 4 4.3945 4.5390 4.3580 4.5136 4.4434 4.4634 average 4.6498 4.5684 4.3841 4.4521 4.3852 4.3946 Figure 3: Visualization of entire process of POM sphere in hydrothermal condition (220 ℃, 2.32 MPa) 1300 To clarify the reason why POM sphere expands during the hydrothermal process, experiment was carried out with nigrosine (dye) involved.
    keywords: carbon; hydrothermal; plastics; pom; process; sphere; waste; water
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        item: #2758 of 7527
          id: cet-12774
      author: raffaella
       title: PRES22_0231.docx
        date: 2022-08-25
       words: 3263
      flesch: 47
     summary: The CPU time of double hidden layer model is about 13 min while that of single hidden layer model is about 6.2 min. 3.2 Comparison of training value and predicted value of double hidden layer The predicted value of hydrogen gas yield has a relatively high degree of dispersion as shown in Figure 3. 0 15 30 45 60 75 0 15 30 45 60 75 CV:0.06 y=x R2:0.96 RMSE：3.71 Predictive value Experimental data P re di ct io n va lu e of c ar bo n ga si fic at io n ra te Experimental data of carbon gasification rate MAE:2.76 (a) 0 30 60 90 120 150 0 30 60 90 120 150 180 CV:0.11 R2:0.92 RMSE：11.5 y=x Predictive value Experimental data P re di ct ed v al ue o f h yd ro ge n ga si fic at io n ra te Experimental data of hydrogen gasification rate MAE:9.28 (b) 0 2 4 6 8 10 0 2 4 6 8 10 CV:0.24 R2:0.75 RMSE：1.29 y=x Predictive value Experimental data Experimental data of hydrogen yield P re di ct ed v al ue o f h yd ro ge n yi el d MAE:1.02 (c) 0 5 10 15 20 25 0 5 10 15 20 25 CV:0.1 R2:0.91 RMSE:1.83 y=x Predictive value Experimental data P re di ct ed v al ue o f t ot al g as y ie ld Experimental value of total gas yield MAE:1.39 (d) Figure 3: Correlation diagram between the predicted value and experiment data (a) Carbon gasification rate; (b) Hydrogen gasification rate; (c) Hydrogen yield; (d) Total gas yield 3.4 Results of single hidden layer model The prediction results of hydrogen and carbon dioxide are not ideal and the loss function values derived from the program are shown in Table 2:
    keywords: gasification; hydrogen; layer; model; value; yield; ∂ ∂
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        item: #2759 of 7527
          id: cet-12775
      author: raffaella
       title: PRES22_0231.docx
        date: 2022-08-25
       words: 3605
      flesch: 48
     summary: For sawdust, the result obtained at 280 °C, 100 min, and B/W of 13 % was 48 %, with an EY of 76.75 %, as shown in Table 4. 1312 Sawdust reaches a 48% increase in calorific power at 280 °C and 100 min, something only comparable to that achieved by other biomasses in more extended periods and with higher temperatures, as explained in the previous section. Raw biomass and water were loaded, and before closing the reactor, gaseous nitrogen was injected to ensure an inert atmosphere.
    keywords: biomass; carbonization; energy; hhv; process; sawdust; temperature
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        item: #2760 of 7527
          id: cet-12776
      author: raffaella
       title: PRES22_0231.docx
        date: 2022-08-25
       words: 3119
      flesch: 53
     summary: These harmful effects on health can be mitigated by eliminating pollutants in indoor air, and biofiltration systems have been used for this in recent years due to the advantages they present: relative simplicity of operation, low maintenance costs, investment, and extensive experience gained in its design and operation (Estrada et al., 2013). Results and discussions 3.1 Determination of biofilter system efficiency Three samples of the biofilter inlet and outlet gas were taken under stable operating conditions: at the stove outlet and the biofilter inlet and outlet.
    keywords: air; benzo(a)pyrene; biofilter; cfd; doi; engineering; figure; pressure; system; velocity
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        item: #2761 of 7527
          id: cet-12777
      author: raffaella
       title: PRES22_0231.docx
        date: 2022-08-25
       words: 4169
      flesch: 48
     summary: Temperature (°C) TGA R-HDPE DSC R-HDPE TGA HDPE DSC HDPE b) 1324 branching, the presence of impurities or additives, the particle size or the thermal history of the sample (Sorolla- Rosario et al., 2022). Calorific values of both samples were comparable, while the degree of crystallinity was 79.8 % for virgin HDPE and around 19 % lower for recycled HDPE samples.
    keywords: analysis; et al; hdpe; plastic; samples; virgin
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        item: #2762 of 7527
          id: cet-12778
      author: raffaella
       title: PRES22_0231.docx
        date: 2022-08-25
       words: 3968
      flesch: 52
     summary: Siraj N., 2009, Steel fiber reinforced concrete made with fibers extracted from used tyres steel fiber reinforced concrete made with fibers extracted from used tyre, <www.researchgate.net/publication/327061929> accessed on 20.05.2022. However, there is still limited literature describing the behavior of SCC with tire waste steel fiber (TWSF).
    keywords: compressive; concrete; fiber; properties; scc; steel; strength; tire; twsf; waste
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        item: #2763 of 7527
          id: cet-1278
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 1murphy.docx
        date: 2017-07-19
       words: 4149
      flesch: 49
     summary: Figure 1: Fatal overturning accidents occurred in Italy involving agricultural tractors from 2008 to 2014. 81 Figure 3: Trend of fatal overturning accidents involving agricultural tractors in Italy from 2008 to 2014, considering the day of the week of occurrence (N.D. = Not Detected).
    keywords: accidents; figure; italy; overturning; rops; safety; tractors
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        item: #2764 of 7527
          id: cet-12780
      author: raffaella
       title: PRES22_0231.docx
        date: 2022-08-25
       words: 3654
      flesch: 44
     summary: The production and utilization of green ammonia is specifically analyzed here, making it the first of its kind to analyze optimization-based synthesis of green ammonia networks. Produced primarily by the Haber-Bosch process, ammonia production has become more efficient over time through many technological advancements.
    keywords: ammonia; carbon; distribution; emissions; hydrogen; production; synthesis; urea; utilization
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        item: #2765 of 7527
          id: cet-12781
      author: raffaella
       title: PRES22_0231.docx
        date: 2022-08-25
       words: 3619
      flesch: 40
     summary: Radioactive waste is a type of hazardous waste that contains radioactive material. Common sources of radioactive wastes are nuclear fuel cycle, nuclear weapons reprocessing, medical wastes, industrial wastes, and naturally occurring radioactive materials.
    keywords: geopolymer; level; management; mapping; materials; research; study; waste
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        item: #2766 of 7527
          id: cet-12782
      author: raffaella
       title: PRES22_0231.docx
        date: 2022-08-25
       words: 3725
      flesch: 54
     summary: One is the set of ymax variables, which are used to identify TIs with their temperatures lower than the highest stream temperature among hot stream inlet temperatures and cold stream outlet temperatures. Also, a simplified heat integration block was proposed for enabling non-isothermal mixing and indirect heat transfers based on a convex hull formulation (Ahmetović and Kravanja, 2013) for identifying the roles of water streams in HEN.
    keywords: approach; heat; model; step; stream; temperature; water
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        item: #2767 of 7527
          id: cet-12783
      author: raffaella
       title: PRES22_0231.docx
        date: 2022-08-25
       words: 4180
      flesch: 58
     summary: A 21 % reduction in cost was obtained when the same external mass separating agent is used to absorb multiple components from rich streams at the utility hub when compared to the case where different external mass separating agents are used. In the SWS model for MENS presented by Szitkai, et al. (2006), along the superstructure, rich streams run from left to right while lean streams (which are the MSAs) run in the opposite direction.
    keywords: hub; lean; mass; plant; rich; streams; superstructure
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        item: #2768 of 7527
          id: cet-12784
      author: raffaella
       title: PRES22_0231.docx
        date: 2022-08-25
       words: 4724
      flesch: 37
     summary: For example, in the 12th Malaysia Plan, instead of at least 10 % of coastal and marine areas as well as 17 % of terrestrial and inland water areas to be gazetted as protected areas, Malaysia only managed to achieve 5.3 % and 10 % (EPU, 2021). Economic Planning Unit, 2021, Twelfth Malaysia Plan 2021 – 2025: A Prosperous, Inclusive, Sustainable Malaysia, Prime Minister’s Department, Malaysia.
    keywords: biodiversity; change; climate; development; dpsir; environmental; epi; framework; malaysia; management; plan; policy; quality; waste
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        item: #2769 of 7527
          id: cet-12785
      author: raffaella
       title: PRES22_0231.docx
        date: 2022-08-25
       words: 4035
      flesch: 62
     summary: Merkel et al. (2010) studied different membrane module flow patterns for CO2 separation from flue gas from coal-fired power plants. Membrane gas separation processes from wet postcombustion flue gases for carbon capture and use: A critical reassessment.
    keywords: capture; co2; cost; flow; gas; membrane; optimisation; pattern; process
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        item: #2770 of 7527
          id: cet-12786
      author: None
       title: cet-12786
        date: 2022-08-25
       words: 3652
      flesch: 55
     summary: The results obtained from the study showed that waste tire activated carbon could effectively remove Pb2+ from aqueous solution far better than waste tire pyrolytic char. The thermodynamic parameters also showed decreased randomness at the solid/liquid interface during the adsorption of lead ions onto waste tire activated carbon.
    keywords: adsorption; carbon; ions; lead; tire; waste; wtac; wtpc
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        item: #2771 of 7527
          id: cet-12787
      author: None
       title: cet-12787
        date: 2022-08-25
       words: 3783
      flesch: 54
     summary: Corrosion rates were estimated from polarization resistance measurements via electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The Al6061 samples experienced a large increase in corrosion rate after four weeks of immersion testing.
    keywords: al6061; corrosion; e10; eis; ethanol; gasoline; immersion; layer; rate; samples; ss304
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        item: #2772 of 7527
          id: cet-12788
      author: None
       title: cet-12788
        date: 2022-08-25
       words: 3208
      flesch: 54
     summary: D’Eletto, J. et al., 2018, Efecto de la incorporación de compost de cama profunda de cerdos en el cultivo de lechuga, XXVI Jornadas de Jóvenes Investigadores AUGM, 148, pp. Balzarini, M. et al., 2015, Estadística y Biometría.
    keywords: analysis; compost; density; plant; radish; stomata; table; treatment; waste
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        item: #2773 of 7527
          id: cet-12789
      author: None
       title: cet-12789
        date: 2022-08-25
       words: 3301
      flesch: 54
     summary: 3. Results and discussion 3.1 Relationship between coolant temperature and antioxidant activity of cucumber juice The antioxidant content in concentrated cucumber juice was assessed by the 2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay.
    keywords: antioxidant; coolant; cucumber; juice; model; pfc; process; temperature
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        item: #2774 of 7527
          id: cet-1279
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 1murphy.docx
        date: 2017-07-19
       words: 4238
      flesch: 41
     summary: 88 Figure 2: Comparing risk indexes among farms with properly trained workers and not (left) and in farms where employer is the PPS manager and farms with external PPS manager (right) Figure 3: RIav in case of risk assessment done by employer or by employer and workers (left) and in farms with and without WRS (right) Training done 12.78 % 13.23 % 13.23 % 12.93 % 12.77 % Employer is the PPSM 4.44 % 4.73 % 4.73 % 5.01 % 4.46 % Worker participation in risk assessment 7.67 % 8.03 % 8.03 % 8.24 % 8.35 % Presence of a WRS 5.10 % 5.55 % 5.55 % 5.07 % 4.89 % 4.
    keywords: assessment; farms; handling; manual; measures; presence; risk; training; workers
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        item: #2775 of 7527
          id: cet-12790
      author: None
       title: cet-12790
        date: 2022-08-25
       words: 3087
      flesch: 47
     summary: The current study used the same separations module and a C18 column as in the study by Yong et al., (2017). (2017) used a methanol-formic acid buffer eluted isocratically at 20:80, 𝑣𝑣/𝑣𝑣. Their solvent (A) consisted of 100% methanol and solvent (B) 0.1 % formic acid (𝑤𝑤/𝑣𝑣) (Yong et al., 2017).
    keywords: broth; indole; indoline; lead; pb(ii; ppm; removal
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        item: #2776 of 7527
          id: cet-12791
      author: None
       title: cet-12791
        date: 2022-08-25
       words: 2886
      flesch: 49
     summary: Although, results presented in this study have strong implications of biological Cr(VI) reduction ex-situ through the use of the bioreactor system, these results could also be effective in optimizing and improving the operation and performance of in situ bioremediation of Cr(VI) at target site. Cr(VI) is highly mobile, soluble and bioavailable in the environment, it is the most toxic among chromium species, and is a known carcinogen.
    keywords: barrier; control; cr(vi; days; effluent; reactor; system
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        item: #2777 of 7527
          id: cet-12792
      author: None
       title: cet-12792
        date: 2022-08-25
       words: 3352
      flesch: 40
     summary: Electrochemical technologies such as electrochemical oxidation have shown great potential for treatment of polluted water in recent years (Rubio-Clemente et al., 2014). Electrochemical oxidation unlike other technologies is preferred by scientists because of its environmental compatibility, versatility, energy efficiency, and cost-effectiveness (Wang and Xu, 2012).
    keywords: current; effect; et al; naphthalene; oxidation; water
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        item: #2778 of 7527
          id: cet-12793
      author: None
       title: cet-12793
        date: 2022-08-25
       words: 3486
      flesch: 42
     summary: Kc = half velocity constant (ML-3), and the term (Co-C)/Rc represents cells killed due to exposure to Cr(VI) such that the term in brackets represents the concentration of active cells available at time t: o a o c C C X X R − = − (2) where Xa = viable cell concentration (mg/L) at any time t, Xo = initial viable cell concentration (mg/L) at time zero, Co = initial Cr(VI) concentration (mg/L), and Rc = finite Cr(VI) reduction capacity (g Cr(VI) reduced/g of cells deactivated). Table 1: Percentage Cr(VI reduction (%) in cultures from different sources after 96 h (4 d) of incubation at different initial Cr(VI) concentration.
    keywords: atcc; bacillus; cells; chirwa; coli; concentration; cr(vi; culture; g(−ve; reduction; sludge; species
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        item: #2779 of 7527
          id: cet-12794
      author: None
       title: cet-12794
        date: 2022-08-25
       words: 3011
      flesch: 48
     summary: Afterwards, pristine graphene nanoplatelets solution was added drop by drop at 1% (w/v). Obtained results demonstrate an enhancement in mechanical properties due to graphene addition and the improving of multilayer configuration with respect to a single polymer nanofiber scaffold.
    keywords: engineering; figure; graphene; mls1; npcl; pvp+g; tissue
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        item: #2780 of 7527
          id: cet-12795
      author: None
       title: cet-12795
        date: 2022-08-25
       words: 3383
      flesch: 52
     summary: 2.4 Bioaccumulation factor (BAF) and Translocation factor (TF) BAF is the quotient of Pd concentration in the roots (mg g -1) and initial pot concentration (ppm), TF is the quotient of Pd content in the leaves and Pd content in the roots (mg g -1). Vetiver grass had Pd concentrations above 1000 ng g-1 in both roots and shoots showing that vetiver grass can hyperaccumulate palladium.
    keywords: concentration; grass; metals; palladium; platinum; ppm; roots; vetiver; vetiver grass
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        item: #2781 of 7527
          id: cet-12796
      author: None
       title: cet-12796
        date: 2022-08-25
       words: 3222
      flesch: 49
     summary: Brink H. G., Nicol W., 2014, Succinic acid production with Actinobacillus succinogenes: rate and yield analysis of chemostat and biofilm cultures, Microbial Cell Factories, 13, 111. Dessie W., Xin F., Zhang W., Jiang Y., Wu H., Ma J., Jiang M., 2018, Opportunities, challenges, and future perspectives of succinic acid production by Actinobacillus succinogenes, Appl Microbiol Biotechnol, 102, 9893-9910.
    keywords: acid; et al; fermentation; glucose; production; succinic; succinogenes
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        item: #2782 of 7527
          id: cet-12797
      author: None
       title: cet-12797
        date: 2022-08-25
       words: 3743
      flesch: 40
     summary: Tiong, B., Bahari, Z. M., Lee, N. S. I. S., Jaafar, J., Ibrahim, Z., and Shahir, S., 2015, Cyanide Degradation by Pseudomonas pseudoalcaligenes Strain W2 Isolated from Mining Effluent, Sains Malaysiana, 44(2), 233– 238. Venugopal, S., Irudayarajan, L., Khambhaty, Y., and Palanivel, S., 2019, Batch experiments towards remediation of phenolic syntan using individual as well as co-culture of Bacillus cereus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, World Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology 35(9), 1–11. Román-Ponce, B., Li, Y. H., Vásquez-Murrieta, M. S., Sui, X. H., Chen, W. F., Estrada-de los Santos, P., and Wang, E. T., 2015, Brevibacterium metallicus sp. nov., an endophytic bacterium isolated from roots of Prosopis laegivata grown at the edge of a mine tailing in Mexico, Archives of Microbiology, 197(10), 1151– 1158.
    keywords: 16s; consortium; cyanide; gold; group; identification; l-1; native; rrna; strains
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        item: #2783 of 7527
          id: cet-12798
      author: None
       title: cet-12798
        date: 2022-08-25
       words: 2738
      flesch: 34
     summary: 4. Conclusions This study investigated the photoactivity of ZnS doped with CuS nanoparticles fabricated via one-pot thermal decomposition method in the removal of rhodamine B under visible light. The results prove that doping ZnS with CuS promotes synergetic interaction between both materials by reducing the rate of photogenerated electron/hole pair recombination and lowering the band gap to broaden visible light absorption spectrum.
    keywords: chemical; cus; degradation; irradiation; light; photocatalytic; rhodamine; zns
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        item: #2784 of 7527
          id: cet-12799
      author: None
       title: cet-12799
        date: 2022-08-25
       words: 3087
      flesch: 33
     summary: Next, the nanocomposites were characterized and used for adsorption study. Adsorption study of Cr(VI)
    keywords: adsorbent; adsorption; chromium; cr(vi; kaolinite; nanocomposites; surface
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        item: #2785 of 7527
          id: cet-128
      author: TW
       title: cet-128
        date: 2017-10-04
       words: 3377
      flesch: 65
     summary: CTA hydropurification process is a nonlinear process and the catalyst activity is a slow time-varying variable, it decreases gradually after the process begins. 10 *T Tpred t tY K P W K P W Y (10) 466 Figure 3: Soft sensor model developments for CTA hydropurification process using RKPLS It is clear that the computational cost of this method is higher than KPLS and PLS, because of the kernelization step in every step.
    keywords: acid; cba; method; process
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        item: #2786 of 7527
          id: cet-1280
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 1murphy.docx
        date: 2017-07-19
       words: 2669
      flesch: 47
     summary: In previous experiments, the research unit of the Florence University, had studied effective systems for decoupling of the transmission. Furthermore, its cheapness, makes it a feasible solution for every the agricultural machinery manufacturers to meet the requirements imposed by current safety regulation Keywords: Safety of agricultural machines, decoupling devices, innovative monitoring sensors 1.
    keywords: clutch; control; device; safety; system; tests; torque; transmission
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        item: #2787 of 7527
          id: cet-12800
      author: Chemical Engineering Transactions
       title: CET-vol95
        date: 2022-10-13
       words: 3709
      flesch: 34
     summary: In the frame of the modelling simulation of odour nuisances, the estimation of concentration peaks, representing values averaged over a relatively short time of the order of the interval between subsequent breathes, is of fundamental importance. Figure 1a represents the average concentration field close to the ground given by the standard dispersion model, while Figure 1b and Figure 1c reproduce peak concentrations using the VTE method and the VPA method respectively, as described in Chapter 2.
    keywords: average; concentration; dispersion; mean; method; model; particle; peak; vpa
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        item: #2788 of 7527
          id: cet-12801
      author: Chemical Engineering Transactions
       title: CET-vol95
        date: 2022-10-13
       words: 3229
      flesch: 47
     summary: The emission samples were taken from 10 sources (including the 6 sources connected to Vigi eNose® system for on-line monitoring) in 10 L Nalophan® bags using the necessary equipment as appropriate (lung device, Lindvall hood, probe, …). Vigi eNose® results (ppbv) of VSC in 5 emission sources.
    keywords: concentrations; emission; enose; h2s; odour; outlet; results; system; vigi; vsc
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        item: #2789 of 7527
          id: cet-12802
      author: Chemical Engineering Transactions
       title: CET-vol95
        date: 2022-10-13
       words: 3221
      flesch: 43
     summary: This approach allows predicting odour impact starting from the characterization of odour emissions at the source. 3. Materials and Methods The proposed methodology includes the study of odour impact through the Lagrangian dispersion modelling system Calpuff.
    keywords: assessment; chemical; citizens; complaints; impact; odour; plant; waste
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        item: #2790 of 7527
          id: cet-12803
      author: Chemical Engineering Transactions
       title: CET-vol95
        date: 2022-10-13
       words: 3352
      flesch: 48
     summary: Results indicated that a high and prolonged VOC-removal efficiency by non-impregnated active carbon can be accomplished in feather process air if acidic components like H2S and SO2 are prior removed. Active carbon filters operate best under relative humidity’s below 65 % (Gong and Keener, 1993).
    keywords: air; carbon; coal; efficiency; removal; set
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        item: #2791 of 7527
          id: cet-12804
      author: Chemical Engineering Transactions
       title: CET-vol95
        date: 2022-10-13
       words: 3690
      flesch: 50
     summary: (a) (b) Figure 5: Correlation between odour concentrations and selected citizen reports for Putignano (a) and ppercentages of odour classes detected during selected reports for Monopoli (b) Therefore, for the Monopoli plant, the data acquired by the IOMS system and the selected citizens reports, clearly highlighted how a significant part of them (40%) may derive from emission areas not attributable to specific sources within the WWTP, but from other close plants whose emissions were classified by citizens as “wastewater treatment” or “sludges”. 3.3 Selection of citizen reports and joint analysis with IOMS data In the monitoring period (February 2021- January 2022), a total of 298 citizens reports were collected, 268 of which from Monopoli and 30 from Putignano.
    keywords: citizens; class; data; ioms; odour; plant; reports; treatment
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        item: #2792 of 7527
          id: cet-12805
      author: Chemical Engineering Transactions
       title: CET-vol95
        date: 2022-10-13
       words: 3224
      flesch: 42
     summary: As shown in Figure 2, the spectral correction leads to peak concentration values significantly higher than those obtained by using the sample variance as measured by the instrument (Figure 2 concentration-axis scale is logarithmic). 2.1 Definition of peak concentration and its determination The instantaneous concentration c(t) of a gas in the PBL can be considered as a stationary stochastic process whose statistical properties are completely defined by a probability density function (PDF) that has to be determined experimentally (see, e.g., Cassiani et al., 2020 for a review), and is well described by a Gamma distribution (Nironi et al. 2015).
    keywords: concentration; gases; h2s; mean; nh3; peak; ppb; values
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        item: #2793 of 7527
          id: cet-12806
      author: Chemical Engineering Transactions
       title: CET-vol95
        date: 2022-10-13
       words: 3108
      flesch: 42
     summary: The exclusive usage of human sensory methods effects that for all legally relevant situations, sensor systems may not be applied as a substitute, regardless of their actual performance. Source attribution was possible from 50 ouE/m³. 4.2 Odour training using extended field inspection Following lab qualification from the section above, a small network of sensor systems was deployed on the wastewater plant.
    keywords: air; data; odour; sample; sensor; source; systems; training; validation
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        item: #2794 of 7527
          id: cet-12807
      author: Chemical Engineering Transactions
       title: CET-vol95
        date: 2022-10-13
       words: 3521
      flesch: 49
     summary: These values were collected through a questionnaire open to all (365 responses have been collected), providing information on the capacity to bear a nasty odour in various situations which allow us to define a sensibility value and rank all the activities according to their sensibility to odour annoyance. In this context, this article presents a new methodology to evaluate and predict the risk of odour nuisance on a territory but also the potential economic or social damage associated.
    keywords: annoyance; cell; figure; impact; nuisance; odour; potential; risk; territory; vulnerability
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        item: #2795 of 7527
          id: cet-12808
      author: Chemical Engineering Transactions
       title: CET-vol95
        date: 2022-10-13
       words: 2718
      flesch: 51
     summary: A recent report by the World Meteorological Organization (WMO) comprehensively 49 mailto:jesuslozano@unex.es examines a range of low-cost gas sensors for air quality monitoring (Lung et al., 2018). 4. Conclusions and Future Works In this paper, a low-cost, low-consumption and very small size Instrumental Odour Monitoring System has been used for air quality monitoring.
    keywords: air; air quality; data; device; figure; monitoring; network; quality; sensors
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        item: #2796 of 7527
          id: cet-12809
      author: Chemical Engineering Transactions
       title: CET-vol95
        date: 2022-10-13
       words: 3258
      flesch: 53
     summary: Subsequently, the same data was randomly divided into 3 individual data sets (sample surveys 1 to 3), each including 104 single measurements. For each of the three sample surveys, 104 single measurements within the time range of the reference survey were selected in turn, so that every first day was assigned to sample survey 1, every second day to sample survey 2 and every third day to sample survey 3.
    keywords: assessment; odour; sample; survey
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        item: #2797 of 7527
          id: cet-1281
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 1murphy.docx
        date: 2017-07-19
       words: 3651
      flesch: 50
     summary: 53, 19-26. Costa N., Arezes P.M., Quintas C., 2013, Vibration exposure in mechanical olive harvesting: Currently, full mechanic harvesting is getting more and more spread in super high density orchards for oil production, nevertheless in small sized farms (as well as in those producing table olives) hand harvesting by means of olive beaters is still the most used method.
    keywords: arm; axis; conditions; data; hand; handle; olive; operators; system; vibration
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        item: #2798 of 7527
          id: cet-12810
      author: Chemical Engineering Transactions
       title: CET-vol95
        date: 2022-10-13
       words: 3909
      flesch: 55
     summary: Although the LOD and repeatability are overall better for FID than MS, FID detection could not provide analysis of the co-eluted compounds. Fortunately, we can avoid these coelutions with MS detection by selecting the specific ion for each compound.
    keywords: air; compounds; fid; n e; z e
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        item: #2799 of 7527
          id: cet-12811
      author: Chemical Engineering Transactions
       title: CET-vol95
        date: 2022-10-13
       words: 3119
      flesch: 41
     summary: Salthammer T., 2019, Formaldehyde sources, formaldehyde concentrations and air exchange rates in European housings, Building and Environment, 150, 219–232. (a) (b) Figure 6: (a) MicroF intensity for various formaldehyde concentrations generated by the paraformaldehyde and the aqueous formaldehyde permeation systems (b) MicroF signal vs. AirmoHCHO response for the paraformaldehyde permeation tube 71 4. Conclusion and perspectives As expected, both analysers respond linearly to different concentration of formaldehyde from each gaseous formaldehyde generator.
    keywords: air; analysis; concentration; figure; formaldehyde; gas; m-3; permeation
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        item: #2800 of 7527
          id: cet-12812
      author: Chemical Engineering Transactions
       title: CET-vol95
        date: 2022-10-13
       words: 2525
      flesch: 51
     summary: Yaqoob U., Younis M. I., 2021, Chemical gas sensors: Recent developments, challenges, and the potential of machine learning—a review. As a result, LDA is an excellent method for discriminating NO2 and the cascade of ANN ensemble is a novel method for gas prediction through a portable electronic nose.
    keywords: ann; cascade; classification; figure; gas; no2; prediction; sensors
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        item: #2801 of 7527
          id: cet-12813
      author: Chemical Engineering Transactions
       title: CET-vol95
        date: 2022-10-13
       words: 2935
      flesch: 44
     summary: Furthermore, with a view to increasing the confidence of the population in the objective characterization of odours and related impacts, the implementation of aspects of communication and active involvement in decision-making and control models are suggested (Zarra et al., 2010; Levontin et al., 2022).The retrieval of odour characterization data through the active involvement of the population directly impacted from the odour nuisance is part of a virtuous approach know as Citizen Science, in which participation becomes an opportunity for institutions, businesses and citizens to identify the best strategy for managing the problem, sharing the decision-making processes in solving the critical issues reported (Alharbi and Soh, 2019; Zarra et al., The main feature is related to the validation of odour annoyance data collected from citizens with the data collected from Instrumental Odour Monitoring Systems (IOMSs), Air Quality and meteorological stations.
    keywords: class; data; ioms; monitoring; odour; population; treatment
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        item: #2802 of 7527
          id: cet-12814
      author: Chemical Engineering Transactions
       title: CET-vol95
        date: 2022-10-13
       words: 3379
      flesch: 47
     summary: Sommer-Quabach E., Piringer P., Petz, E. Schauberger G., 2014, Comparability of separation distances between odour sources and residential areas determined by various national odour impact criteria, Atmospheric Environment, 95, 20–28. Various jurisdictions have established odour impact criteria (OIC) which are meant to be used in combination with dispersion modelling tools to calculate separation distances.
    keywords: austal; complaints; figure; gral; model; odour; symos
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        item: #2803 of 7527
          id: cet-12815
      author: Chemical Engineering Transactions
       title: CET-vol95
        date: 2022-10-13
       words: 3446
      flesch: 48
     summary: On the other hand, odour dispersion models are able to predict odour concentration values at ground level in the simulation space-time domain (Botta et al., 2020). The paper presents and discusses the development and application of different odour monitoring models (OMMs) for the classification and quantification of odour emissions with Instrumental Odour Monitoring Systems (IOMSs).
    keywords: classification; data; ffnn; ioms; monitoring; odour; pls
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        item: #2804 of 7527
          id: cet-12816
      author: Chemical Engineering Transactions
       title: CET-vol95
        date: 2022-10-13
       words: 3176
      flesch: 54
     summary: 100 Finally, in the stage1, PCO2 were in the range of 3.6 – 10.9 g CO2 m-3 h-1 and the recorded mean PCO2 was 5.7±1.8 g CO2 m-3 h-1, corresponding to a mean mineralization ratio (PCO2/ ECxyl) of 29.0. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2020.118804 Senatore V., Zarra T., Pahunang R. R., Oliva G., Belgiorno V., Ballesteros F. C., Naddeo V., 2021°, Sustainable odour and greenhouse gas emissions control in wastewater treatment plant by advanced biotechnology- based system.
    keywords: co2; gas; h-1; lipids; m-3; mean; production; xylene
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        item: #2805 of 7527
          id: cet-12817
      author: Chemical Engineering Transactions
       title: CET-vol95
        date: 2022-10-13
       words: 2648
      flesch: 43
     summary: Toluene 108-88-3 2 900 3.2 Comparison with known concentration gas cylinders Dynamic injection vs known concentration gas cylinder at medium concentration - toluene 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 COMPRESSED GAS CYLINDER DYNAMIC INJECTION 106 In Errore.
    keywords: compounds; concentration; cylinders; gas; injection; method; mixtures; ppm
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        item: #2806 of 7527
          id: cet-12818
      author: Chemical Engineering Transactions
       title: CET-vol95
        date: 2022-10-13
       words: 3117
      flesch: 41
     summary: Odour concentration trend during OEC experimental measurement 111 2.3 OEC measurement by addition of gas samples Back to the OEC analysis, its application is mainly suitable for domestic wastewater, where the reduction of odour concentration up to values of the order of 102÷103 ouE/m3 is quite easy in the operating conditions of the analysis.
    keywords: analysis; concentration; gas; min; odour; oec; time
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        item: #2807 of 7527
          id: cet-12819
      author: Chemical Engineering Transactions
       title: CET-vol95
        date: 2022-10-13
       words: 3549
      flesch: 57
     summary: Wood chip heaps are very often not only heterogeneous from each other, but even a single heap is heterogeneous on its surface. This experimental work focuses on the characterization of odorous emission from wood chips storage, since similar studies are not available in literature.
    keywords: biomass; concentration; forest; heap; odour; regions; smoking; storage; wood
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        item: #2808 of 7527
          id: cet-1282
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 1murphy.docx
        date: 2017-07-19
       words: 3204
      flesch: 39
     summary: It is important to clearly define the responsibilities of the various figures involved in work safety aspects, without excluding the workers themselves (Legislative Decree 81/2008). The research shows that over half of the farms (66 %) has not performed the obligations related to the appointment of the figures responsible for work safety and health.
    keywords: assessment; farms; health; monitoring; presence; safety; survey; workers; no; yes
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        item: #2809 of 7527
          id: cet-12820
      author: Chemical Engineering Transactions
       title: CET-vol95
        date: 2022-10-13
       words: 4671
      flesch: 43
     summary: A total of 600 odour observations were collected by 86 unique users, which are under analysis in this paper with the objective to understand odour trends and to identify potential user input errors, such as odour observations mapped as pleasant but with negative comments on the annoyance perception. Geolocated odour observations provide useful information about the real distribution of the odour impact in the studied area.
    keywords: area; data; impact; observations; odour; odour observations; sludge; treatment; waste; wastewater
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        item: #2810 of 7527
          id: cet-12821
      author: Chemical Engineering Transactions
       title: CET-vol95
        date: 2022-10-13
       words: 3344
      flesch: 42
     summary: Qualitative identification of target VOSCs was based on the match of the retention times and qualifier ions, shown in Table 2. 2.4 Performance parameters The discussion of the performances of different sorbent tubes was conducted by comparing two principal parameters: the Average Response Factor (RFaverage) and its Relative Standard Deviation (% RSD). To better investigate the performance of different sorbent materials applied to the analysis of VOSCs, a comparison of different sorbent tubes applied to the analysis of sulphur compounds was discussed in this study.
    keywords: analysis; compounds; materials; sorbent; sorbent tubes; sulphur; sulphur compounds; tubes
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        item: #2811 of 7527
          id: cet-12822
      author: Chemical Engineering Transactions
       title: CET-vol95
        date: 2022-10-13
       words: 3989
      flesch: 43
     summary: Generally, the odour concentration is evaluated through emission olfactometry monitoring, and subsequently, based on the dispersion modelling software, impact maps are created at specific percentiles (odour concentrations that are reached for a certain number of hours a year). Furthermore, all these aspects affect the instantaneous perception of odour and in an ex-post simulation based on percentiles (odour concentrations that are reached for a certain number of hours a year), it is not possible to know what occurs above the specified percentile.
    keywords: concentration; data; dispersion; emission; model; odour; source; time
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        item: #2812 of 7527
          id: cet-12823
      author: Chemical Engineering Transactions
       title: CET-vol95
        date: 2022-10-13
       words: 2984
      flesch: 41
     summary: Indeed, e-noses are being developed for the estimation of plant odour impact at sensitive receptors, or for continuous monitoring of plant operation at its fenceline (Cangialosi et al., 2018) or at the emission source. The present work describes a research project, currently ongoing, concerning the realisation of an innovative IOMS network for the real-time measurement of odour concentration at the fenceline of a plant for the treatment of organic waste.
    keywords: concentration; fenceline; ioms; monitoring; odour; odour concentration; plant
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        item: #2813 of 7527
          id: cet-12824
      author: Chemical Engineering Transactions
       title: CET-vol95
        date: 2022-10-13
       words: 2907
      flesch: 50
     summary: Due to the potential health effects of wood smoke nanoparticles, exposure to this source of air pollution should be minimal. The procedure of our measurement of the concentration of nanoparticles (10-700 nm) in wood smoke and their mean diameters can be called terrain.
    keywords: czech; health; nanoparticles; smoke; wood
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        item: #2814 of 7527
          id: cet-12825
      author: Chemical Engineering Transactions
       title: CET-vol95
        date: 2022-10-13
       words: 3495
      flesch: 41
     summary: By using this system, it is, therefore, possible to achieve the specific detection and quantification of organic compounds by FID analysis, sulphur compounds by PFPD and the identification of the compounds by MS analysis, via comparison with mass spectra. Cicchetti, E., Merle, P., Chaintreau, A., 2008, Quantitation in gas chromatography: Usual practices and performances of a response factor database, Flavour and Fragrance Journal, 23(6), 450–459. D’Agostino, M. F., Sanz, J., Martínez-Castro, I., Giuffrè, A. M., Sicari, V., Soria, A. C., 2014, Statistical analysis for improving data precision in the SPME GC–MS analysis of blackberry (Rubus ulmifolius Schott) volatiles, Talanta, 125, 248–256.
    keywords: analysis; compounds; fid; pfpd; quantification; samples
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        item: #2815 of 7527
          id: cet-12826
      author: Chemical Engineering Transactions
       title: CET-vol95
        date: 2022-10-13
       words: 3354
      flesch: 37
     summary: This led to an increase of odour emissions associated to the different operating conditions of foundries. 2.3 Definition of macro-classes for odour emissions Based on experimental evidence, the possibility of sorting the different smelter operations was explored.
    keywords: concentration; conditions; emissions; furnaces; impact; odour; odour emissions; plant
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        item: #2816 of 7527
          id: cet-12827
      author: Chemical Engineering Transactions
       title: CET-vol95
        date: 2022-10-13
       words: 3957
      flesch: 49
     summary: Global odour perception is, in fact, subjective due to the interpretation of perceived smells in a context. Brancher, M.; Griffiths, K.D.; Franco, D.; De Melo Lisboa, H., 2017, A review of odour impact criteria in selected countries around the world.
    keywords: factors; impact; intensity; levels; measurement; odour; perception; scale
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        item: #2817 of 7527
          id: cet-12828
      author: Chemical Engineering Transactions
       title: CET-vol95
        date: 2022-10-13
       words: 3791
      flesch: 46
     summary: Due to the frequent reports of odour nuisance from the citizens living in the proximity of the plant, in agreement with the regional guidelines on odour emission management, several olfactometric campaigns were carried out at the WWTP emission sources with the purpose of determining odour concentrations and odour emission rates. Based on visual investigation of the PCA score plot, the PC1 direction expresses a clear correlation with the odour concentration of samples: decreasing PC1 values correspond to increasing odour concentration.
    keywords: arrival; arrival tank; concentration; data; odour; plant; tank
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        item: #2818 of 7527
          id: cet-12829
      author: Chemical Engineering Transactions
       title: CET-vol95
        date: 2022-10-13
       words: 3627
      flesch: 51
     summary: In this paper, we investigate the possibility to implement the Orthogonal Signal Correction (OSC) method for compensating the relative humidity effect on MOS sensors. The results achieved proved that the OSC implementation can be a suitable method for the mitigation of the RH interference on MOS sensors, since its application significantly improved the performances of classification, increasing the global accuracy above 70% for both e-noses considered in this study.
    keywords: data; implementation; osc; performances; sensors; test
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        item: #2819 of 7527
          id: cet-1283
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 1murphy.docx
        date: 2017-07-19
       words: 3253
      flesch: 55
     summary: The evolution of the fatality index (FI) in agricultural tractor accidents comparing to the total of accidents with victims during the period 2004-2013 is also shown in Figure 4. As it can be seen, the average FI in Spain is very high since, while the general total of accidents dropped from 3.31% to 1.33%, the mean FI in agricultural tractor accidents was approximately 17% along the period studied.
    keywords: accidents; number; total; tractors; traffic; vehicles; victims
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        item: #2820 of 7527
          id: cet-12830
      author: Chemical Engineering Transactions
       title: CET-vol95
        date: 2022-10-13
       words: 3378
      flesch: 54
     summary: In the system there is also a pump that transports inside the device volatile compounds from samples. PCA allows to reveal all possible clusters of samples united by similar characteristics within the main components considered in the hyperplane.
    keywords: analysis; gas; samples; sberveglieri; sensor; sources; system
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        item: #2821 of 7527
          id: cet-12831
      author: Chemical Engineering Transactions
       title: CET-vol95
        date: 2022-10-13
       words: 3162
      flesch: 44
     summary: For odour emissions were used: (a) the results of odour concentration measurements carried out at the test facilities according to EN 13725: 2003 (Air quality. 190 3.2 Odour dispersion model The results of odour concentration measurements were added in the Calpuff model to simulate the dispersion of odour emission in the city of Volos for the below two different period scenarios: Scenario1:
    keywords: area; city; compounds; concentration; dispersion; odour; period; production; volos
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        item: #2822 of 7527
          id: cet-12832
      author: Chemical Engineering Transactions
       title: CET-vol95
        date: 2022-10-13
       words: 3960
      flesch: 57
     summary: 4. Conclusions Very little is known about musty odour character emissions from biosolids. 195 Figure 1: Arithmetic mean of odour intensity values belonging to two odorous signals with musty odour character obtained by gas chromatography coupled with olfactory detection port between 3 assessor’s in the emissions from stabilized biosolids cake after anaerobically digestion of wastewater sludge over storage time.
    keywords: biosolids; character; emission; musty; odorants; odour; odp; wastewater
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        item: #2823 of 7527
          id: cet-12833
      author: Chemical Engineering Transactions
       title: CET-vol95
        date: 2022-10-13
       words: 3099
      flesch: 53
     summary: The paper presents the concept of a questionnaire survey of urban residents as well as competent institutions and organizations, the purpose of which is to identify the sources of odour nuisance and assess the extent of the problem. An example of a method of inventorying sources of odour nuisance in the analysed area is surveyed, such as the computer-assisted telephone interview – CATI (Kulig et al., 2010).
    keywords: area; nuisance; odour; sources; survey; urban
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        item: #2824 of 7527
          id: cet-12834
      author: Chemical Engineering Transactions
       title: CET-vol95
        date: 2022-10-13
       words: 2718
      flesch: 57
     summary: These sensors are the following: • BME680 from Bosch Sensortech GmbH (Germany): MOX sensor that returns values for temperature, relative humidity, pressure and sensor resistive value. Keywords: metal-oxide sensors (MOX), optical sensors, electronic nose, smartphone, gas sensors.
    keywords: analog; board; data; gas; mox; ndir; nose; sensors; values
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        item: #2825 of 7527
          id: cet-12835
      author: Chemical Engineering Transactions
       title: CET-vol95
        date: 2022-10-13
       words: 3343
      flesch: 57
     summary: In 1983, two other researchers, Amoore, and Hautala, developed odour threshold values for 214 chemicals (Amoore, Hautala, 1983). 2. Methodology Originally, when the project started in 2014, the purpose of this paper was to develop odour threshold values for only 24 pure compounds.
    keywords: compounds; odour; odtv; threshold; values
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        item: #2826 of 7527
          id: cet-12836
      author: Chemical Engineering Transactions
       title: CET-vol95
        date: 2022-10-13
       words: 3218
      flesch: 49
     summary: 2.3 SIAAP current work The aims of this new work are: 1) to describe the 2000-2021 meteorological and functioning trends that could be affected by climate change (air temperature, wastewater temperature at the entrance of the station, cumulative rainfall, number of dry days) 2) to determine if the observed trends could lead to an increase of H2S major peak emission risk using the correlation established on the previous work 3) to characterize if possible the future trends with the projections of Paris Climate Agency (APC) 2020 report. However, we do not measure a net increase in the number of hours per year affected by wastewater temperatures exceeding 20°C over the period 2000-2021 except for the specific case of major heat waves.
    keywords: h2s; increase; risk; siaap; study; temperature; wastewater
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        item: #2827 of 7527
          id: cet-12837
      author: Chemical Engineering Transactions
       title: CET-vol95
        date: 2022-10-13
       words: 3740
      flesch: 56
     summary: Prof Soedarto, SH, Tembalang, Semarang 50275, Indonesia ratnawati@che.undip.ac.id Biodegradable plastics were fabricated from rice flour by the extrusion method using glycerol and rice husk powder as the plasticizer and filler, respectively. From an environmental point of view, biodegradable plastic is a better alternative to petroleum-based plastics.
    keywords: effect; glycerol; husk; plastic; rice; rice husk
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        item: #2828 of 7527
          id: cet-12838
      author: Chemical Engineering Transactions
       title: CET-vol95
        date: 2022-10-13
       words: 3316
      flesch: 46
     summary: Total potential environmental impacts of a vaccine production process using Madin Darby Canine Kidney (MDCK) cells per unit of time and unit of mass for each case. This open-source software allows diagnosing processes from an environmental viewpoint by calculating both the output potential impacts and generated potential impacts of the processes (Gonzalez- Delgado et al , 2021).
    keywords: case; cells; energy; impacts; influenza; pei; potential; process; production; vaccine
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        item: #2829 of 7527
          id: cet-12839
      author: Chemical Engineering Transactions
       title: CET-vol95
        date: 2022-10-13
       words: 3349
      flesch: 54
     summary: The impact of wastewater matrix on the degradation of pharmaceutically active compounds by oxidation processes including ultraviolet radiation and sulfate radicals. Hybrid application of advanced oxidation processes to dyes’ removal.
    keywords: color; h2o2; mg*l-1; oxidation; process; removal; wastewater
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        item: #2830 of 7527
          id: cet-1284
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 1murphy.docx
        date: 2017-07-19
       words: 3209
      flesch: 51
     summary: What are the most effective solutions to preventing logging injuries? The results of this study are consistent with other logging studies and data indicating that the logging industry has high risks for occupational injuries and deaths.
    keywords: focus; group; injuries; injury; logging; risk; safety; work
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        item: #2831 of 7527
          id: cet-12840
      author: Chemical Engineering Transactions
       title: CET-vol95
        date: 2022-10-13
       words: 3469
      flesch: 45
     summary: The results from the simulations and literature indicate that increasing binder concentration and binder flow rate turns to increase the average granule size distribution, whereas increasing the fluidised air flow rate turns to reduce the mean granule size. 9wt% 244 3.4 Effect of flow rate of fluidized air (without agglomeration and coalescence Kernel) Figure 5 shows the volume fraction against particle size distribution at a constant binder concentration and binder flow rate under various fluidised air flow rates.
    keywords: binder; concentration; flow; granulation; granule; rate; simulation; size
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        item: #2832 of 7527
          id: cet-12841
      author: Chemical Engineering Transactions
       title: CET-vol95
        date: 2022-10-13
       words: 3626
      flesch: 53
     summary: ISBN 978-88-95608-94-5; ISSN 2283-9216 Use of Vegetable Raw Materials as Electrode Materials for Li- Ion Batteries Meruyert Nazhipkyzya,b,c*, Dana Assylkhanovaa,b, Anar Maltaya,b, Balaussa Dinistanovaa,b, Gulmira Tureshovab, Almagul Issanbekovaa,b, Zhanar Kudyarovab a Institute of Combustion Problems, 172 Bogenbai Batyr str., 050012, Almaty, Kazakhstan bAl-Farabi Kazakh National University, 71 Al-Farabi avenue, 050038, Almaty, Kazakhstan cSatbayev University, 22 Satpaev Street, 050000, Almaty, Kazakhstan meruert82@mail.ru Kazakhstan possesses a large scale of cereal crops, bulrush, seeded fruits, grasslands and forests which are significant renewable resources for carbon materials. Carbon materials based on RH, AS has lowest specific capacity in comparison with WSh.
    keywords: anode; batteries; capacity; carbon; energy; husk; ion; lithium; materials; rice; shell; walnut
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        item: #2833 of 7527
          id: cet-12842
      author: Chemical Engineering Transactions
       title: CET-vol95
        date: 2022-10-13
       words: 3636
      flesch: 42
     summary: In this context, the supplementation of septic wastewater with 100 mg VSS/L reduced H2S concentration to 0 ppmv in 4.5 h even at the lowest NO3- and NO2- concentrations tested. More specifically, a sharp decrease in H2S headspace concentration was recorded for the first 60 min of assay, followed by a gradual decrease in H2S fate along with the occurrence of lower gas-liquid concentrations gradients.
    keywords: concentration; h2s; sludge; vss; wastewater
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        item: #2834 of 7527
          id: cet-12843
      author: Chemical Engineering Transactions
       title: CET-vol95
        date: 2022-10-13
       words: 4054
      flesch: 56
     summary: The setup consisted of three bioreactors (namely BR 1, BR 2 and BR 3), packed with porous expanded clay. An enriched consortia of microorganisms was inoculated in BR 1 and BR 2, while fresh activated sludge was used in BR 3.
    keywords: air; hexane; inlet; pinene; removal; res; toluene
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        item: #2835 of 7527
          id: cet-12844
      author: Chemical Engineering Transactions
       title: CET-vol95
        date: 2022-10-13
       words: 2703
      flesch: 52
     summary: The types of gas sensors used are various and are based on the modification of a physical or chemical parameter caused by the gases themselves. The major upgrades were in the structures and topology of gas sensors and in the analysis of sensor array data.
    keywords: applications; chemical; figure; gas; nose; sberveglieri; sensors
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        item: #2836 of 7527
          id: cet-12845
      author: Chemical Engineering Transactions
       title: CET-vol95
        date: 2022-10-13
       words: 3528
      flesch: 56
     summary: Ammonia gas sensor based on electrosynthesized polypyrrole films. Ammonia gas sensors: A comprehensive review.
    keywords: ammonia; dilution; figure; humidity; model; nose; sensor; valve
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        item: #2837 of 7527
          id: cet-12846
      author: Chemical Engineering Transactions
       title: CET-vol95
        date: 2022-10-13
       words: 1885
      flesch: 58
     summary: This constitutes the framework of the odour radar web-app currently employed in Tata Steel and Omgevingsdienst for real-time monitoring of odour complaints in the area around the steel plant (see Figure 9). Odour complaints sources Events of odour annoyance in residential areas around the TATA Steel plant in IJmuiden were considered.
    keywords: complaints; enose; odour; plant; steel; tata
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        item: #2838 of 7527
          id: cet-12847
      author: Chemical Engineering Transactions
       title: CET-vol95
        date: 2022-10-13
       words: 3749
      flesch: 41
     summary: Belhaj, A.F., Elraies, K.A., Mahmood, S.M., Zulkifli, N.N., Akbari, S., Hussien, O.S.E., 2020, The effect of surfactant concentration, salinity, temperature, and pH on surfactant adsorption for chemical enhanced oil recovery: a review, Journal of Petroleum Exploration and Production Technology, 10(1), 125–137. The outcomes of this study may result in a decline in surfactant adsorption on quartz sand surface when ASP solution is used instead of surfactant solution alone.
    keywords: adsorption; alkaline; asp; cm-1; polymer; quartz; quartz sand; sand; surface; surfactant
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        item: #2839 of 7527
          id: cet-12848
      author: None
       title: CET 96
        date: 2022-11-24
       words: 3445
      flesch: 50
     summary: Techno-economic assessment of CO2 direct air capture plants, Jour-nal of Cleaner Production 224, 957-980 House K.Z., Baclig A.C., Ranjan M. and et al., 2011. In this work, the previous independent analysis was extended to several Countries around the world with the aim to find the best location for the DAC plant at different ambient air temperatures.
    keywords: air; capture; dac; energy
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        item: #2840 of 7527
          id: cet-12849
      author: None
       title: CET 96
        date: 2022-11-24
       words: 3167
      flesch: 45
     summary: The scope of the present study is based however on the biological treatment of sugar industry wastewater using microorganisms via anaerobic digestion. Temperatures between 31 ℃ and 41 ℃ have been reported for other sugar industry wastewater with treated effluent having the lowest range (Kolhe et al., 2009).
    keywords: chemical; effluent; industry; production; sugar; treatment; wastewater
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        item: #2841 of 7527
          id: cet-1285
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 1murphy.docx
        date: 2017-07-19
       words: 2649
      flesch: 38
     summary: The new definition introduces three main categories (operation time, process time, total time) which can be subdivided into further levels (Figure 2). Hereof, the following requirements are to be taken into account:  uncomplicated  sufficiently detailed  expandable  suitable for all kinds of work  applicable for automated time recording Table 2: Users of working time classification (Fechner, 2014; modified) User Information Farm management Accounting Effectiveness of the production methods Machine efficiency Weak point analysis Planning of alternative solutions Work performance control (time requirement) of employees Scope of a service (work of agricultural contractors or cooperatives) Research Details on work processes Causes for fault times Performance evaluation of new machines and working methods (simulation)
    keywords: classification; data; der; element; fault; germany; operation; processes; time; work; working
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        item: #2842 of 7527
          id: cet-12850
      author: None
       title: CET 96
        date: 2022-11-24
       words: 2785
      flesch: 36
     summary: In particular, Mexico country has great challenges, its efforts have not been sufficient, it lacks adequate infrastructure for the modernization of the sector, it needs to adopt new technologies and less polluting fuels, as well as promote national regulations. These policies contribute to global efforts to limit climate change and Mexico’s own need to maintain energy security, diminish air pollution, and improve the health and well-being of its people.
    keywords: change; climate; climate change; development; emissions; mexico; sector; transport
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        item: #2843 of 7527
          id: cet-12851
      author: None
       title: CET 96
        date: 2022-11-24
       words: 3079
      flesch: 45
     summary: 5. Conclusion The two example projects discussed in this paper illustrate the potential of motivating chemical engineering undergraduates to engage in design activity that is aimed at attenuating the environmental footprint associated with process design and operations. Perry, S., Bulatov, I., (2010), “The influence of new tools in virtual learning environments on the teaching and learning of process design in chemical engineering”, Chemical Engineerin Transactions (21), pp. 1051-1056.
    keywords: chemical; curriculum; design; engineering; impact; process; processes; reactor; students; sustainability
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        item: #2844 of 7527
          id: cet-12852
      author: None
       title: CET 96
        date: 2022-11-24
       words: 4247
      flesch: 29
     summary: References Beaudet A., Larouche F., Amouzegar K., Bouchard P., Zaghib K., 2020, Key challenges and opportunities for recycling electric vehicle battery materials, Sustainability, 12, 5837. Gratz E., Sa Q., Apelian D., Wang Y., 2014, A closed loop process for recycling spent lithium ion batteries, Journal of Power Sources, 262, 255–262.
    keywords: batteries; battery; cathode; figure; hydrometallurgical; ion; lib; lithium; materials; processes; recycling
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        item: #2845 of 7527
          id: cet-12853
      author: None
       title: CET 96
        date: 2022-11-24
       words: 3556
      flesch: 49
     summary: At times with higher energy prices just before or after the minima of the energy prices, the product B is produced at lower throughputs and therefore with a higher energetic efficiency. [-] Batch production 1h – energy price 2h - energy price 4h – energy price 8h – energy price 172.3% 100.0% 100.2% 101.1% 102.7% 155.7% 100.7% 100.7% 100.7% 101.2% 1h – energy emission 2h – energy emission 4h – energy emission 110.1% 111.4% 111.4% 100.0% 100.6% 100.6% 8h – energy emission 114.4% 101.0%
    keywords: energy; optimization; price; production; throughput; time
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        item: #2846 of 7527
          id: cet-12854
      author: None
       title: CET 96
        date: 2022-11-24
       words: 4245
      flesch: 47
     summary: This can deter investments in renewable energy generation, due to the risk of not being able to exploit the installed capacity at its maximum potential (Egli, 2016). Renewable energy sources like solar and wind are among the best candidates to power the energy transition, although they are characterized by intermittency and non-dispatchability.
    keywords: capacity; energy; optimal; power; process; trajectory; ̇ �
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        item: #2847 of 7527
          id: cet-12855
      author: None
       title: CET 96
        date: 2022-11-24
       words: 3659
      flesch: 50
     summary: The best antibacterial action was exhibited by Mg(OH)2 particles precipitated from magnesium chloride (MgCl2) solutions. Cationic and mass purity values are reported in Section 3.2. 3.1 Particle granulometry and shapes Volume particle size distributions of Mg(OH)2 particles precipitated from Margi and Galia bitterns under stoichiometric and 20 % OH- hydroxyl ions conditions are presented in Figure 2. V-PSDs were obtained with (Figure 2.b and 2.d) and without (Figure 2.a and 2.c) sonication.
    keywords: bitterns; et al; magnesium; mass; mg(oh)2; nanoparticles; particles; purity
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        item: #2848 of 7527
          id: cet-12856
      author: None
       title: CET 96
        date: 2022-11-24
       words: 3733
      flesch: 54
     summary: This unutilized carbon dioxide can be utilized for greenhouse crop production or sold as feed for the algae production facility Jongerius Ecoduna (Jongerius Ecoduna, 2022), located 400 meters from the biogas upgrading facility. Fast calculation The number of available sun hours per month, shown in Table 1, is utilized to calculate the number of hours in which CO2 can be utilized for greenhouse crop production by multiplying the daily daylight hours by the days in every month.
    keywords: biogas; carbon; co2; crop; dioxide; greenhouse; rate
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        item: #2849 of 7527
          id: cet-12857
      author: None
       title: CET 96
        date: 2022-11-24
       words: 3264
      flesch: 41
     summary: The complex viscosity trend over time at different testing temperatures (210°C, 190°C, 170°C) allowed to attest the polymer thermal stability as function of testing temperature. The mechanical properties (tension, compression, and bending) of PLA and polyethylene terephthalate glycol (PETG) were increased by increasing printing temperatures (Hsueh et al., 2021).
    keywords: frequency; material; printing; properties; temperature; time
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        item: #2850 of 7527
          id: cet-12858
      author: None
       title: CET 96
        date: 2022-11-24
       words: 3146
      flesch: 54
     summary: Production plants as large consumers of electric power can participate in different markets for electric energy. The results of the dynamic optimization are shown in the Figure 2, in which, starting form below, the day-ahead price of electric energy (black) and the emission factor of the electric energy (red), the consumption of electric energy by the three heaters, the throughput of the zeolite suspension, the final crystallinity and the reaction temperature at the reactor outlet are shown over time.
    keywords: cost; energy; operation; optimization; plant; price; production; reactor; zeolite
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        item: #2851 of 7527
          id: cet-12859
      author: None
       title: CET 96
        date: 2022-11-24
       words: 3742
      flesch: 41
     summary: Membrane processes in different industries have already been analysed, and their benefits have been proved over time (Cassano & Drioli, 2014). Results and Discussion The performance of UF membranes on decolourization and sugar permeability was investigated considering different operating conditions.
    keywords: colour; flux; hydrolysates; membrane; permeate; starch; sugar; temperature
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        item: #2852 of 7527
          id: cet-1286
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 1murphy.docx
        date: 2017-07-19
       words: 3600
      flesch: 50
     summary: The architecture of safety stop system can be optimized in relation to the item that shall be protected setting the impedance sill values. The advantage, compared to similar protection systems, consists in the decoupling from electric connections-cables and in the protection keeping even if the operator forgets to wear gloves.
    keywords: blades; circuit; cutting; impedance; pruning; safety; system; tools; value; voltage
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        item: #2853 of 7527
          id: cet-12860
      author: None
       title: CET 96
        date: 2022-11-24
       words: 3144
      flesch: 50
     summary: It was verified after two tests that the power of the electrical energy with 110 W LED light bulbs registered a power of 100.28 W and for 100 W incandescent light bulbs a power of 56.42 W was registered demonstrating effectiveness with less loss of energy power to LED light bulbs. In this context, Peru has not yet made the appropriate investment and the maximum use of sewage sludge as a potential for biogas production and its application in pilot plants to generate its own electricity as other EU countries are doing, where they are already obtaining favourable results with 17,400 biogas plants producing more than 61 TW-h of electricity until 2018.
    keywords: biogas; bulbs; energy; load; power; production; sludge; volume
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        item: #2854 of 7527
          id: cet-12861
      author: None
       title: CET 96
        date: 2022-11-24
       words: 3088
      flesch: 57
     summary: Chen, F.-F., et al., Characteristic and model of phosphate adsorption by activated carbon electrodes in capacitive deionization. Carbons obtained from the pyrolysis were used to prepare electrodes and these electrodes were characterized using a number of experimental techniques.
    keywords: adsorption; capacity; carbon; electrodes; experiments; nitrate
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        item: #2855 of 7527
          id: cet-12862
      author: None
       title: CET 96
        date: 2022-11-24
       words: 3745
      flesch: 51
     summary: d’Amore F., Mocellin P., Vianello C., Maschio G., Bezzo F., 2018, Economic optimisation of European supply chains for CO2 capture, transport and sequestration, including societal risk analysis and risk mitigation measures, Applied Energy, 223, 401-415. Kalyanarengan Ravi N., van Sint Annaland M., Fransoo J.C., Grievink J., Zondervan E., 2017, Development and implementation of supply chain optimization framework for CO2 capture and storage in the Netherlands, Computers and Chemical Engineering, 102, 40–51.
    keywords: capture; carbon; case; ccs; co2; cost; risk; sequestration
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        item: #2856 of 7527
          id: cet-12863
      author: None
       title: CET 96
        date: 2022-11-24
       words: 3455
      flesch: 55
     summary: [%]) and the fuel gas-to-MeOH (ηFtMeOH [%]) efficiencies, as: 𝜂𝑃𝑡𝑀𝑒𝑂𝐻 = 𝑃𝑀𝑒𝑂𝐻,𝐿𝐻𝑉 𝑃𝑒𝑙 (5) 𝜂𝐹𝑡𝑀𝑒𝑂𝐻 = 𝑃𝑀𝑒𝑂𝐻,𝐿𝐻𝑉 𝑃𝐹𝐺,𝐿𝐻𝑉 (6) Considering the yearly energy output of MeOH EMeOH [GJ/year], the MeOH production cost TCMeOH [€/GJ] is: 𝑇𝐶𝑀𝑒𝑂𝐻 = 𝑇𝐶𝑎 𝐸𝑀𝑒𝑂𝐻 (7) A sensitivity analysis on the off-gas recycle revealed that both e-MeOH and er-MeOH plants exhibit a monotonic increase of energy efficiency and carbon efficiency, and therefore a decrease in MeOH production cost, alongside a raise in internal recycle. Based on the quantitative results obtained, the ultimate goal of the paper is to discuss the following fundamental questions: (i) what are the conditions that make e-MeOH production the preferable option to decarbonise refineries?
    keywords: carbon; co2; efficiency; energy; fuel; gas; meoh; plant
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        item: #2857 of 7527
          id: cet-12864
      author: None
       title: CET 96
        date: 2022-11-24
       words: 3662
      flesch: 52
     summary: The optimal mix for energy production was then identified by varying the number of converters for each RES. Hong Y., Eriksson M., Boström C., Waters R., 2016, Impact of generator stroke length on energy production for a direct drivewave energy converter, Energies 9. ICF International, 2015, Decommissioning Methodology and Cost Evaluation 1–241.
    keywords: data; energy; methanol; power; process; production; ress; step; system
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        item: #2858 of 7527
          id: cet-12865
      author: None
       title: CET 96
        date: 2022-11-24
       words: 3851
      flesch: 46
     summary: The current study was carried out to treat the Olive Mill Wastewater (OMW) via a hybrid system that combine the infiltration-percolation system using low-cost natural adsorbents and solar distillation technology. The OMW treatment efficiency was improved after treating the filtrate by solar distillation technology.
    keywords: distillation; infiltration; matter; olive; omw; percolation; solar; technology; treatment
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        item: #2859 of 7527
          id: cet-12866
      author: None
       title: CET 96
        date: 2022-11-24
       words: 3674
      flesch: 47
     summary: Another key performance indicator, specific for hydrogen, is the Levelized Cost of Hydrogen (LCOH), which considers the cost of hydrogen production process and is calculated as the ratio between the net discounted costs over the amount of produced hydrogen (Minutillo et al, 2021). This paper aims at providing reliable data for different hydrogen production processes at an early process design stage.
    keywords: electrolysis; energy; gas; hydrogen; indicators; plant; process; processes; production; water
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        item: #2860 of 7527
          id: cet-12867
      author: None
       title: CET 96
        date: 2022-11-24
       words: 3916
      flesch: 55
     summary: About 1.1 Mt CO2 captured annually and 23 Mt during 20 years of the project duration could be transported and stored in the prospective for CO2 storage 83 m thick Upper Miocene Messinian Sergnano Gravel conglomerate Formation located at 1240 Table 1: Clinker and cement produced in 2018 and CO2 produced in 2018–2020 by cement plants Cement Plant Company Location Clinker (kt) Cement (kt) CO2 emiss CO2 emissions (kt/yr) 2018 2019 2020 Vernasca Buzzi Unicem Emilia Romagna 575.5 786.1 445.4 504.9 521.8 Italcementi Calusco D’adda Heidelberg Cement Bergamo 1097 955 903.6 818.9 688.2 4.
    keywords: capacity; ccs; cement; co2; cost; malossa; project; scenario; storage; total
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        item: #2861 of 7527
          id: cet-12868
      author: None
       title: CET 96
        date: 2022-11-24
       words: 3425
      flesch: 36
     summary: References Dong Q., Wang G., Chen X., Tan J., Gu X, 2021, Recycling of steel slag aggregate in portland cement concrete: An overview, Journal of Cleaner Production, 282, 124447. Kumar H., Varma S., 2021, A review on utilization of steel slag in hot mix asphalt, International Journal of Pavement Research and Technology, 14(2), 232-242.
    keywords: eaf; electric; energy; model; process; recycling; simulation; slag; steel; steelmaking
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        item: #2862 of 7527
          id: cet-12869
      author: None
       title: CET 96
        date: 2022-11-24
       words: 3684
      flesch: 54
     summary: Moreover, both the techniques involved in this work's synthesis, ultrasound and ball milling, were studied lately for a series of different catalysts active towards CO2 reduction, conferring substantial improvements in areas such as: high dispersion of active sites, control of particle dimensions, and enhanced catalyst stability (Maela Manzoli, 2018). A series of MgCuFe hydrotalcites, with two preparation methods (ball milling and ultrasound), were synthesized both by ultrasound-assisted co-precipitation method and solvent-free mechanochemical technique, characterized and compared in such class of catalyst production.
    keywords: activity; catalysts; fischer; iron; mgcufe; selectivity; synthesis; tropsch
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        item: #2863 of 7527
          id: cet-1287
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 1murphy.docx
        date: 2017-07-19
       words: 3434
      flesch: 56
     summary: Intensive research on Irish dairy farm labour efficiency was last conducted in the early 2000s and under the constraints of the European milk quota regime (O’Donovan et al., 2008). Average farm labour efficiency was 21.7 h/cow/y with HSC 1 and 2 being similar, but farms in HSC 3 were significantly more labour efficient, with an average efficiency of 17.5 h/cow/y. A seasonal pattern to labour demand on farm was witnessed with the highest labour input in the spring (February, March, April) at 1,777 hours, dropping slightly during the summer (May, June, and July) to 1,663 hours, again during the autumn (August, September, and October) at 1,412 hours and tapering off during the winter (November, December, and January) to 885 hours.
    keywords: average; dairy; farms; herd; hours; hsc; labour; size
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        item: #2864 of 7527
          id: cet-12870
      author: None
       title: CET 96
        date: 2022-11-24
       words: 3813
      flesch: 52
     summary: As a result, higher energy density can be achieved at the expense of lower electrical efficiency. Performance of an environmentally benign acid base flow battery at high energy density.
    keywords: acid; battery; density; discharge; efficiency; energy; flow; objective
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        item: #2865 of 7527
          id: cet-12871
      author: None
       title: CET 96
        date: 2022-11-24
       words: 3247
      flesch: 52
     summary: At this point, hydrogen odorization process was investigated. To solve this problem a system of hydrogen odorization is to implement.
    keywords: data; flow; gas; hydrogen; methane; odorant; odorization; system; tht
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        item: #2866 of 7527
          id: cet-12872
      author: None
       title: CET 96
        date: 2022-11-24
       words: 3344
      flesch: 45
     summary: ISBN 978-88-95608-95-2; ISSN 2283-9216 Comparative Lca Analysis for Replacement of Materials to Reduce Environmental Impact Alexabdra Zieminska-Stolarska*a, Monika Pietrzakb, Ireneusz Zbicinnkia aFaculty of Process and Envronmental Engineeering, Lodz University of Technology, Wolczanska 215, 90-924 Lodz, Poland bFaculty of Chemistry, Lodz University of Technology, Zeromskiego 116, 90-953 Lodz, Poland aleksandra.zieminska-stolarska@p.lodz.pl The paper presents examples of LCA application to reduce environmental impact by replacement of conventional materials in chemical, biochemical, construction and electrical industry. The results show that replacement of ITO by ZnO in TCO layer deposition process is an optimal strategy to minimize environmental impact keeping required opto-electrical properties for the economic and safe manufacturing of optoelectronic components.
    keywords: analysis; deposition; impact; ito; layer; lca; materials; pvd; replacement; zno
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        item: #2867 of 7527
          id: cet-12873
      author: None
       title: CET 96
        date: 2022-11-24
       words: 3473
      flesch: 52
     summary: In recent years increasing research interest was devoted to the utilization of RMS, as real waste bio-feedstock for HTL process, because the volume of production per year is significant, the disposal cost ranges between € 80 and € 600 per ton and they are characterized by an organic content between 40 and 90 %w/w. HTL experiments with RMS containing 3 % w/w microplastics were conducted at 325 °C and 30 min both in the absence and in the presence of CoMo/Al2O3, NiMo/Al2O3 and activated carbon felt (ACF) as heterogeneous catalysts.
    keywords: adp; al2o3; htl; mass; rms
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        item: #2868 of 7527
          id: cet-12874
      author: None
       title: CET 96
        date: 2022-11-24
       words: 3434
      flesch: 58
     summary: In this investigation, SCGs oil extraction was maximised by optimising two process parameters, namely, SCGs-to-2-MeTHF ratio and extraction time. Table 5: Analysis of discrepancies on the results for the quadratic regression model for SCGs oil extraction.
    keywords: extraction; model; oil; process; scgs; solvent; time; wt%
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        item: #2869 of 7527
          id: cet-12875
      author: None
       title: CET 96
        date: 2022-11-24
       words: 3358
      flesch: 56
     summary: Usage of the standard processes to boost hydrogen production will lead to an increase in greenhouse gases (GHG) emissions. These conditions also favor a higher H2/CO ratio which is essential for hydrogen production.
    keywords: biogas; energy; hydrogen; nm3; process; production; wgs
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        item: #2870 of 7527
          id: cet-12876
      author: None
       title: CET 96
        date: 2022-11-24
       words: 3138
      flesch: 53
     summary: PSA separation as subsequent separation step after membrane separation is necessary to reach higher H2 purity. − (𝑝𝑥𝑟𝑖 − 𝑝𝑦𝑖𝑖 ) ln 𝑝𝑥𝑓𝑖 − 𝑝𝑦𝑖𝑖 𝑝𝑥𝑟𝑖 − 𝑝𝑦𝑒𝑖 (3) 171 Results and discussion Figure 1 shows the proposed process chain to gain high purity H2 from liquid NH3.
    keywords: ammonia; catalyst; hydrogen; membrane; nh3; pressure; process; purity; separation
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        item: #2871 of 7527
          id: cet-12877
      author: None
       title: CET 96
        date: 2022-11-24
       words: 3639
      flesch: 53
     summary: Nomenclature 𝐵 – thickness, m 𝐷 – diameter, m 𝑓 – frequency, Hz ℎ – specific enthalpy, J/kg 𝐻 – height, m 𝐿 – length, m �̇� – mass flow rate, kg/s 𝑚𝑠𝑤 – swept mass, kg 𝑁 – number of channels, - 𝑝𝑙𝑜𝑤 – low pressure level, Pa 𝑝ℎ𝑖𝑔ℎ – high pressure level, Pa 𝑞 – vapour quality, - 𝑠𝑢 – energy source term, W/m³ 𝑡 – time, s 𝑇 – working fluid temperature, K 𝑇𝐶 – heat sink temperature, K 𝑇𝐻 – heat source temperature, K 𝑢 – specific internal energy, J/kg 𝑉𝑠𝑤 – swept volume, m³ 𝑤𝑧 – velocity of the fluid phase, m/s 𝑥, 𝑦, 𝑧 – cartesian coordinates, m 𝛼 – heat transfer coefficient, W/(m2·K) 𝛾 – cycle number, - 𝜖 – heat exchanger efficiency, - 𝜌𝐺 – gas-phase density, kg/m³ 𝜌𝐿 – liquid-phase density, kg/m³ 𝜌𝑡𝑝 – two-phase flow density, kg/m³ 𝜏 – cycle period, s 𝜑 – vapour volume fraction, - Acknowledgement This project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under grant agreement No 764042. Thus, the description of the heat transfer process must be deepened to provide a more accurate view on the overall performance of heat engines and especially the IE engine.
    keywords: engine; exchanger; figure; fluid; heat; phase; pressure; transfer; working
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        item: #2872 of 7527
          id: cet-12878
      author: None
       title: CET 96
        date: 2022-11-24
       words: 4445
      flesch: 26
     summary: In this article, the focus is precisely on the bases of safety to be applied during battery testing: although tests must be carried out in CE-certified machines (which requires the manufacturer to 181 provide them with a risk analysis), the risks of the machines are not always properly addressed in view of the interfaces they have with the testing site, with other machines and with operators. It is for this reason that this paper proposes the original approach of applying three traditional types of risk analysis to complete and integrate the manufacturers' assessments and to enable battery testing to be carried out safely.
    keywords: analysis; batteries; battery; chambers; ion; ion batteries; level; lithium; reliability; risk; safety; testing
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        item: #2873 of 7527
          id: cet-12879
      author: None
       title: CET 96
        date: 2022-11-24
       words: 3758
      flesch: 55
     summary: This allowed the effect of average thermal conductivity of catalyst bed on potential maximum productivity to be studied. Results and discussion 3.1 Effect of thermal conductivity of catalyst bed Based on the validated FBR model, simulations were performed by enhancing the average thermal conductivity of the catalyst bed to 5 times and 25 times that of the base case.
    keywords: bed; catalyst; catalyst bed; conductivity; fts; rate; reaction; temperature
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        item: #2874 of 7527
          id: cet-1288
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 1murphy.docx
        date: 2017-07-19
       words: 2426
      flesch: 55
     summary: (2015) measuring noise levels in several olive mills of the continuous type in Jordan. Even Hammad et al. (2015) obtained noise levels in the range 85-95 dB(A), showing a very critical situation in Jordan considering that some operators work for more than 8 hours per day.
    keywords: db(a; exposure; levels; mill; noise; oil; olive; values
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        item: #2875 of 7527
          id: cet-12880
      author: None
       title: CET 96
        date: 2022-11-24
       words: 3997
      flesch: 35
     summary: When performing hazards assessment of hydrogen systems, it should be always kept in mind that “air-tight” equipment doesn't necessarily mean also “hydrogen-tight”. The potential incident scenarios for hydrogen-producing electrolysers have been studied with a HAZOP analysis, and the most significative ones (with respect to hydrogen hazards) have been listed in Section 4.
    keywords: air; equipment; explosion; gas; hazards; hydrogen; process; production; safety; scenarios
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        item: #2876 of 7527
          id: cet-12881
      author: None
       title: CET 96
        date: 2022-11-24
       words: 2823
      flesch: 37
     summary: Industrial development Versalis is starting the construction of a demonstration plant with 6,000 tons / year of plastic material processed. With this technology it is possible to recover as raw material the fraction of mixed plastic waste that cannot be mechanically recycled and is sent to waste‐to‐energy or landfill.
    keywords: chemical; material; plastic; recycling; technology; waste
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        item: #2877 of 7527
          id: cet-12882
      author: None
       title: CET 96
        date: 2022-11-24
       words: 3010
      flesch: 36
     summary: There are many wastewaters treatment processes that generate negative impacts on the environment and it is necessary to require new forms of treatment, seeking to mitigate said impacts; Thus, in recent years, a physical phenomenon considered harmful has been taken into account, but now it is sought to take advantage of it positively to decontaminate and improve the quality of surface and waste water, we refer to hydrodynamic cavitation. Hydrodynamic cavitation in water treatment is a technology that is on the rise due to its environmental advantages as it does not use chemical products as is done with some traditional methods.
    keywords: cavitation; chemical; coliforms; efficiency; energy; pressure; process; time; treatment; wastewater
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        item: #2878 of 7527
          id: cet-12883
      author: None
       title: CET 96
        date: 2022-11-24
       words: 5077
      flesch: 62
     summary: South Africa’s coal consumption was the highest in the world (70.7 %), even higher than China (58.2 %) and India (55.9 %), both of them the biggest consumer of coal in volumes, while South Africa natural gas consumption is very low (3 %). Natural gas is the fastest growing energy source, it will dominate the energy sector for the next 30 years (i.e. 2050).
    keywords: africa; capacity; coal; energy; gas; plants; power; south
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        item: #2879 of 7527
          id: cet-12884
      author: None
       title: CET 96
        date: 2022-11-24
       words: 3166
      flesch: 36
     summary: EU Regulation No. 10/2011 regulates food contact for all plastics (including multilayer and therefore with any recycled core), regulating the use of the barrier layer and indicating lists of authorized substances with their specific migration limits (SML). The evaluation scheme used to design the functional barrier for PET food packaging included the following steps: • determination of NIAS in PC r-PET; • prediction of NIAS diffusivity by modeling; • design of the thickness of the functional barrier; • challenge test with surrogate molecules; • migration test with food simulants.
    keywords: barrier; food; packaging; pet; xps
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        item: #2880 of 7527
          id: cet-12885
      author: None
       title: CET 96
        date: 2022-11-24
       words: 3434
      flesch: 42
     summary: The wide deployment of renewable energies (RES) is fundamental to achieve a sustainable climate situation and the required energy transition. Los Castros 46, 39005, Santander, Spain ortizi@unican.es The mitigation of greenhouse gases (GHG) triggered by the broad employment of fossil fuels requires a complete energy transition towards the utilization of renewable energy sources (RES), the increase in the efficiency of the systems, implementation of carbon, capture, storage, and utilization (CCSU) technologies to decarbonize the use of fossil fuels and switch to zero-emissions energy carriers.
    keywords: buildings; cost; emissions; energy; grid; hydrogen; system; vila
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        item: #2881 of 7527
          id: cet-12886
      author: None
       title: CET 96
        date: 2022-11-24
       words: 3394
      flesch: 46
     summary: A convenient arrangement for batch process data is therefore a tensor- like one, namely 𝐗[𝐼 × In batch processes, measurements of the time trajectories for several process variable are collected continuously in time during each run.
    keywords: batch; batches; data; process; reaction; time; variable
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        item: #2882 of 7527
          id: cet-12887
      author: None
       title: CET 96
        date: 2022-11-24
       words: 2712
      flesch: 51
     summary: Ammonium persulfate has the lowest molecular mass and the highest water solubility (850 g/L) which gives its edge at wastewater treatment at low temperature (Izadifard et al. 2017). 2021).The issue with emerging pollutants could be complicated as they tend to escape the conventional wastewater treatment plants based on biological treatment and, therefore, the development of the complementary methods of wastewater treatment is required (Mergenbayeva and Poulopoulos 2022).
    keywords: ammonium; persulfate; removal; toc; treatment; wastewater
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        item: #2883 of 7527
          id: cet-12888
      author: None
       title: CET 96
        date: 2022-11-24
       words: 3507
      flesch: 49
     summary: CET 96 DOI: 10.3303/CET2296041 Paper Received: 19 January 2022; Revised: 11 August 2022; Accepted: 30 August 2022 Please cite this article as: Pierro M., Meloni E., Martino M., Pullumbi P., Brandani F., Palma V., 2022, Adsorption of N2O Using Fe-13x Zeolites – a Possibility to Make a Process Intensification by Using Microwaves for the Regeneration Step, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 96, 241- 246 DOI:10.3303/CET2296041 CHEMICAL ENGINEERING TRANSACTIONS VOL. ISBN 978-88-95608-95-2; ISSN 2283-9216 Adsorption of N2O using Fe-13X zeolites – A Possibility to Make a Process Intensification by Using Microwaves for the Regeneration Step Mariaconcetta Pierroa*, Eugenio Melonia, Marco Martinoa, Pluton Pullumbib, Federico Brandanib, Vincenzo Palmaa aDepartment of Industrial Engineering, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, 84084
    keywords: adsorbent; adsorption; gas; n2o; process; regeneration; tests; water; zeolites
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        item: #2884 of 7527
          id: cet-12889
      author: None
       title: CET 96
        date: 2022-11-24
       words: 3778
      flesch: 46
     summary: The difference in liquid product yields is partially explained due to higher content of lignin in softwood bark and higher contents of hemicellulose/cellulose in hardwood bark (Garcìa- Pérez et al. 2007). Different liquid product yields were also obtained from pyrolysis of the spruce and birch wood, which can be mainly attributed to differences in chemical compositions of them.
    keywords: biomass; birch; composition; liquid; products; pyrolysis; spruce; temperature; wood; yield
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        item: #2885 of 7527
          id: cet-1289
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 1murphy.docx
        date: 2017-07-19
       words: 4058
      flesch: 47
     summary: (Kutzbach 2000) focuses the attention on new/upcoming technical systems, which will raise the overall complexity of farm machinery, while (Renius 1994) analyses the trends in tractor design and prefigures a scenario for European tractors, proven effectively to be correct nowadays. The morphometry is applied mainly in biology, for the rigorous quantitative analysis of variation in organismal size and shape of a population (Klingenberg 2002), the study of the temporal evolution of species but also for the quantification of the differences between isolated populations of individuals of the same species (Antonucci et al. 2012), hence to observe evolutionary convergences/divergences (Antonucci et al. DOI: 10.3303/CET1758025 Please cite this article as: Bietresato M., Bisaglia C., Merola M., Brambilla M., Cutini M., Mazzetto F., 2017, An application of morphometry to artificial systems: the evolutionary study of farm tractors, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 58, 145-150 DOI: 10.3303/CET1758025 145 2009).
    keywords: cog; data; ratio; rear; study; test; tractors; trends; vol
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        item: #2886 of 7527
          id: cet-12890
      author: None
       title: CET 96
        date: 2022-11-24
       words: 3384
      flesch: 45
     summary: 3.2 Analysis of the removal efficiency, pressure, and temperature with respect to the equilibrium formation of Fe2O3 Figure 1a describes the effects of molecular oxygen removal efficiency and pressure at a constant temperature of 520 °F. Figure 1b depicts the effects of molecular oxygen removal efficiency and temperature at constant pressure of 800 psia.
    keywords: corrosion; equilibrium; formation; oxygen; pressure; removal; removal efficiency; respect; temperature
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        item: #2887 of 7527
          id: cet-12891
      author: None
       title: CET 96
        date: 2022-11-24
       words: 3102
      flesch: 50
     summary: This augmentation in corrosion rate has been linked to the permeability of hydrogen through the wall thickness of alloys, which enhanced mass transfer processes (Chandra et al., 2014; Huenert et al., 2010; Reisert et al., 2021). In the case of the H2S side, the highest concentration and therefore corrosion rate is located at the origin of the x-axis in Figure 3.
    keywords: corrosion; environment; h2s; hydrogen; rate; steel
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        item: #2888 of 7527
          id: cet-12892
      author: None
       title: CET 96
        date: 2022-11-24
       words: 3492
      flesch: 44
     summary: The use of membrane separation processes stands out for being efficient, versatile and environmentally friendly. The aim of this work is to study the temperature effect in the performance extraction of Butanol from ABE solutions in order to optimize butanol extraction and, considering the effect that the temperature has on the transport properties of the aqueous solution and ionic liquid, as well as the effect on the thermodynamic equilibrium at the aqueous solution/ membrane and membrane / ionic liquid.
    keywords: butanol; membrane; perstraction; phase; process; temperature; water
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        item: #2889 of 7527
          id: cet-12893
      author: None
       title: CET 96
        date: 2022-11-24
       words: 3239
      flesch: 50
     summary: One main objective of proposing synthetic ash compositions and link composition values is to enhance the practical implication of theoretical viscosity prediction. Table 1 shows a summary of synthetic ash compositions that have targeted viscosity at given calculation temperatures of 1000,1200 °C and 1400 °C.
    keywords: ash; ashes; biomass; flow; gasification; slag; viscosity
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        item: #2890 of 7527
          id: cet-12894
      author: None
       title: CET 96
        date: 2022-11-24
       words: 3426
      flesch: 51
     summary: Green Chemistry, 16(7), 3549–3559. doi: 10.1039/c4gc00571f Razik, A. H. A., Khor, C. S., & Elkamel, A. (2019). doi: 10.1016/j.jaap.2008.04.001 281 Lamers, P., Roni, M. S., Tumuluru, J. S., Jacobson, J. J., Cafferty, K. G., Hansen, J. K., Kenney, K., Teymouri, F., & Bals, B. (2015).
    keywords: bio; biomass; canonical; pyrolysis; 𝐴 𝐶𝑀; 𝐻 𝐶; 𝑀 𝐶𝑀; 𝑁 𝐶; 𝑂 𝐶
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        item: #2891 of 7527
          id: cet-12895
      author: None
       title: CET 96
        date: 2022-11-24
       words: 3125
      flesch: 46
     summary: N2O catalytic decomposition is considered the most attractive method for N2O abatement due to its easy operation and high efficiency. As N2O catalytic decomposition follows reduction-oxidation mechanism, an effective catalyst consists of at least one metallic ion with variable valences, such as transition metal oxides, supported noble metals, and ion- exchanged zeolites (Li et al., 2016).
    keywords: catalyst; decomposition; n2o; nixco3; oxygen; reaction; vol%; xo4
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        item: #2892 of 7527
          id: cet-12896
      author: None
       title: CET 96
        date: 2022-11-24
       words: 3273
      flesch: 49
     summary: The dry reforming reaction in presence of MW has been also studied by the research group of Fidalgo et al., 2011 and 2012, which studied the use of different catalysts, such as char (Dominguez et al., 2007) or mixtures of carbon and Ni-based catalysts (Fidalgo et al., 2011; Fidalgo et al., 2012). In terms of energy efficiency, both the systems showed an average value of 50%.
    keywords: catalysts; ch4; energy; microwave; reforming
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        item: #2893 of 7527
          id: cet-12897
      author: None
       title: CET 96
        date: 2022-11-24
       words: 3571
      flesch: 48
     summary: Some of the possible improvements are the addition of information about the localization of the plant, to extend the consideration of supply-chain factors; connecting the tool to anaerobic digestion models such as ADM1; the introduction of correction factors in the objective function to predict the synergy between substrates; extending the objective function expression to an indefinite number of substrates; validating the model with dedicated experimental tests. Single substrate digestion frequently unexploits the true bacterial capacity, resulting in low methane production.
    keywords: anaerobic; bmp; digestion; feedstock; methane; model; substrates
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        item: #2894 of 7527
          id: cet-12898
      author: None
       title: CET 96
        date: 2022-11-24
       words: 3137
      flesch: 54
     summary: The results show a faster and smoother combustion of syngas, lower brake emissions of total hydrocarbons, and higher brake emissions of nitrogen oxides and carbon monoxide. Beside, syngas improved the brake thermal efficiency while still maintaining higher brake specific fuel consumption with respect to methane.
    keywords: brake; combustion; emissions; engine; fuel; ignition; methane; spark; syngas
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        item: #2895 of 7527
          id: cet-12899
      author: None
       title: CET 96
        date: 2022-11-24
       words: 3063
      flesch: 45
     summary: Preliminary autoclave experimentation results show that hydrogen does not alter the chemical and physical characteristics of cement samples. After exposure to both gases, cement samples of both batches appear to have the same average values of diameter, length and weight, thus maintaining their density and resulting macroscopically unaltered.
    keywords: cement; energy; figure; hydrogen; reaction; samples; temperature
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        item: #2896 of 7527
          id: cet-129
      author: TW
       title: cet-129
        date: 2017-10-04
       words: 3390
      flesch: 48
     summary: In Hue, Saturation and Value (HSV) colour space, colour model and texture model are combined to extract vegetation features, adjusting weights of the two features as a whole to achieve a better identification effect. 2.3 Feature extraction There are color, texture, shape and spatial relationship features among common image features, for vegeta- tion, the first two features are very important (Di et al., 2015).
    keywords: carbon; color; feature; image; map; model; recognition; texture; vegetation
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        item: #2897 of 7527
          id: cet-1290
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 1murphy.docx
        date: 2017-07-19
       words: 4210
      flesch: 23
     summary: Figure 1: static stability test configurations actually forecasted for articulated farm tractors placed on a tilting plane with the support polygons evidenced; (left) straight-travelling configuration, (right) turning configuration with one of the internal wheel’s axis passing through the centre of the external wheel of the part upward (UNI ISO 2012; UNI EN 2015); in this latter case the support polygon is highly distorted. 2.1 Individuation/formalization of the requisites for a new test rig A new, innovative test rig must be able to give the analysts a higher level of knowledge concerning the vehicle in test than actual equipment, by performing static tests different than actual and dynamic tests, now not forecasted at all.
    keywords: figure; plane; slope; stability; static; support; test; vehicle
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        item: #2898 of 7527
          id: cet-12900
      author: None
       title: CET 96
        date: 2022-11-24
       words: 3132
      flesch: 35
     summary: Mechanics of Cohesive‐frictional materials: An International Journal on Experiments, Modelling and Computation of Materials and Structures 5:535-563 Tarkowski R., 2019, Underground hydrogen storage: Characteristics and prospects. Consequently, microbial growth is known to be an important aspect to be investigated for the feasibility of hydrogen storage.
    keywords: energy; eni; gas; hydrogen; injection; production; reservoir; storage; uhs; underground
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        item: #2899 of 7527
          id: cet-12901
      author: None
       title: CET 96
        date: 2022-11-24
       words: 4038
      flesch: 61
     summary: In this regard, Dynamic Multi-objective Optimization (DMO) is necessary for the trade-off between several objectives. Multi-objective minimum time optimal control for low- thrust trajectory design.
    keywords: case; control; dmo; flowrate; gas; optimization; productivity; stage; variables; yield
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        item: #2900 of 7527
          id: cet-12902
      author: None
       title: CET 96
        date: 2022-11-24
       words: 4131
      flesch: 43
     summary: Therefore, higher MER values and velocities impose higher entropy generation caused by viscous forces between suction and motive streams. One can distinguish two methods of calculating entropy generation in turbulent convective heat transfer problems: indirect and direct.
    keywords: ejector; entropy; flow; generation; model; r744; results
       cache: cet-12902.pdf
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        item: #2901 of 7527
          id: cet-12903
      author: None
       title: CET 96
        date: 2022-11-24
       words: 3182
      flesch: 47
     summary: The sample collected from Site 3 was clearly the best performing microbial sample with the lowest level of internal resistance and highest power density output. According to (Bailey and Ollis, 1986) methanotropic bacteria thrive between pH levels of 6 and 8, therefore, it was estimated that no methanotropic bacteria were present in the sample since optimal power densities were observed outside of the required range.
    keywords: density; mfc; performance; power; resistance; site
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        item: #2902 of 7527
          id: cet-12904
      author: None
       title: CET 96
        date: 2022-12-02
       words: 3175
      flesch: 45
     summary: Pereira J., Barros K., Lima L., Martins M., Araujo C., DA Silva G., De Souza J., Ferreira P., 2016, Phytochemistry Profile, Nutritional Properties and Pharmacological Activities of Mauritia flexuosa, J Food Sci 81, (11): R2611 – R2622. Sandoval A., Valverde Flores J., Calla K., Alba R., Lloclla H., Sotero S., Ismino A., Salazar M., 2020, Toxicity in Artemia Salina by Hydroalcoholic Extracts of Monocotyledonous and Dicotyledonous Varieties of Medicinal Plants from the Peruvian Amazon, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 79, 367-372 Sandoval A., Valverde Flores J., Calla K., Alba R., Lloclla H., Sotero S., Ismino A., Salazar M., 2020, Hydroalcoholic Extracts of Fruit Leaves from the Peruvian Amazon as Antibacterial Potential of Gram- negative and Gram-positive Bacteria, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 79, 319-324 Seremet O., Olaru O., Gutu M., Nitulescu M., Ilie M., Negres S., Zbarcea E., Purdel C., Spandidos D., Tsatsakis A., Coleman M., Margina D., 2018, Toxicity of plant extracts containing pyrrolizidine alkaloids using alternative invertebrate models, Mol Med Rep, 17, 6, 7757–7763. Silva E., De Castro R., Barreto F., De Morales M., Souza A., Feitosa A., Cerqueira M., 2015, Estudo in vitro do potencial citotóxico da Annona muricata L, Journal of Applied Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, 36 (2), 277-283. For this reason, it may be useful to study medicinal plant extracts to show therapeutic or toxic activity of their active compounds.
    keywords: control; extract; flexuosa; lethality; plant
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        item: #2903 of 7527
          id: cet-12905
      author: None
       title: CET 96
        date: 2022-12-02
       words: 2775
      flesch: 32
     summary: García F., Angeles M., 2021, Effect of medicinal plant extract on the growth of Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus, Journal of Scientific Research Universidad Toribio Rodriguez de Mendoza: Natural Sciences and Engineering, 4(3), 44-49. The results show that the extract of Mauritia flexuosa presented high antimicrobial activity against gram positive bacteria, at a concentration of 50 and 80 mg/ml, observing a greater diameter of the inhibition halo than that caused by the control; and in gram negative bacteria (Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhi) there was greater inhibition at a concentration of 80 mg/ml.
    keywords: activity; bacteria; extract; gram; mauritia; staphylococcus
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        item: #2904 of 7527
          id: cet-12906
      author: None
       title: CET 96
        date: 2022-11-24
       words: 4529
      flesch: 39
     summary: As regards the Electro-Instrumental Engineering, the following additions and modifications are foreseen within the project: Measurement package to measure the total CO2 flow injected into the well; Installation of SDV block valve and relative local panel; New wellhead equipped with specific automatic valves for CO2 reinjection; Control and safety instrumentation and associated systems; CO2 detection systems and related connections; Multi - cable installation of instrumentation. Casalborsetti CO2 capture plant: sized to capture and treat the CO2 present in the exhaust fumes of one of the 4 existing Turbocompression units located within the Casalborsetti on - shore power plant area (an area of 44,900 m2 to the north of Ravenna, consisting of a Natural Gas compression and treatment plant).
    keywords: capture; casalborsetti; co2; control; emergency; operator; pipeline; plant; platform; safety; storage; system
       cache: cet-12906.pdf
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        item: #2905 of 7527
          id: cet-12907
      author: None
       title: CET 96
        date: 2022-11-24
       words: 2177
      flesch: 39
     summary: Sternberg A., Bardow A., 2015, Power-to-What?-Environmental assessment of energy storage systems, Energy and Environmental Science, 8, 389-400. References Blanco, H., & Faaij, A., 2018, A review at the role of storage in energy systems with a focus on Power to Gas and long-term storage.
    keywords: co2; electricity; energy; fuels; plant; production
       cache: cet-12907.pdf
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        item: #2906 of 7527
          id: cet-12908
      author: None
       title: CET 96
        date: 2022-11-24
       words: 3259
      flesch: 47
     summary: Table 1: Kinetic constants and fitting parameters of MB dye adsorption on Sawdust Biochar Adsorbent Dose Pseudo-first-order Langmuir Isotherm qe (mg/g) k1 (min -1) The adsorption efficiency of sawdust biochar was investigated by observing the removal of methylene blue dye (MB) from an aqueous system while varying process parameters like the adsorbent loading and initial concentration.
    keywords: adsorbent; adsorption; biochar; chemical; dye; removal; sawdust
       cache: cet-12908.pdf
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        item: #2907 of 7527
          id: cet-12909
      author: None
       title: CET 96
        date: 2022-11-24
       words: 3891
      flesch: 51
     summary: Recently, structured catalysts were shown to increase the durability of the conventional counterparts, due to the overcome heat and mass transfer limitations. However, to the best of our knowledge, structured catalysts have been rarely employed for the oxidative steam reforming of raw bioethanol.
    keywords: bioethanol; carbon; catalyst; ceo2; ceria; ethanol; hydrogen; reforming; wt%
       cache: cet-12909.pdf
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        item: #2908 of 7527
          id: cet-1291
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 1murphy.docx
        date: 2017-07-19
       words: 4295
      flesch: 65
     summary: The manufacturer can implement the type of seat already fitted for a cabin model, with a better one, to prepare a more comfortable cabin. In particular, the study has focused on the ability of a barometric sensor array to sense differences between seats with anatomical conformations which define different levels of comfort.
    keywords: body; operator; pavg; pmax; pressure; seat; test; values; vibration
       cache: cet-1291.pdf
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        item: #2909 of 7527
          id: cet-12910
      author: None
       title: CET 96
        date: 2022-11-24
       words: 3002
      flesch: 48
     summary: 2.3 Metabolic activity measurement Metabolic activity was measured with 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) which is a yellow dye reduced to formazan crystals by the dehydrogenase system of viable gram-negative bacterial cells (Van Veenhuyzen et al., 2021a). Dimethyl sulfoxide was added to the solution after an hour incubation to dissolve the formazan crystals (Van Veenhuyzen et al., 2021a).
    keywords: bacteria; et al; lead; pb(ii; pneumoniae; removal
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        item: #2910 of 7527
          id: cet-12911
      author: None
       title: CET 96
        date: 2022-11-24
       words: 3890
      flesch: 42
     summary: The study suggests that use of activated carbon as a scaffold is a promising and sustainable option for the synthesis of zerovalent iron nanoparticles loaded on activated carbon with narrow size distribution and high adsorption potential. In the current study, activated carbon-supported nanoscale zerovalent iron (AC-nZVI) particles, were produced using chemical reduction of ferric chloride hexahydrate in the presence of activated carbon as a scaffold to avoid agglomeration and improve their dispersity.
    keywords: adsorbent; adsorption; arsenic; carbon; iii; iron; nzvi; particles; water
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        item: #2911 of 7527
          id: cet-12912
      author: None
       title: CET 96
        date: 2022-11-24
       words: 3776
      flesch: 38
     summary: The integration between the waste producers, at least the industrial ones, and the energy providers can realise the targets in term of reduced environmental impact of both sectors: waste management and energy production. % 65% Power electrical request: kW 1000 Table 8: BFB gasification and energy production %C 0.35
    keywords: biowaste; carbon; energy; gas; hydrogen; model; process; production; syngas; table; water
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        item: #2912 of 7527
          id: cet-12913
      author: None
       title: CET 96
        date: 2022-11-24
       words: 2978
      flesch: 31
     summary: Process parameter optimization experiments revealed that a catalyst loading of 1 gL-1 and pH of 7.00 resulted in 77 % tetracycline degradation after 2 h of visible light irradiation. The outstanding photocatalytic activity is attributed to the enhanced visible light absorption, large surface area and efficiency separation of photoexcited carriers of porous g-C3N4 nanosheets photocatalyst (Zhang et al., 2021).The effect of pH on photodegradation of pollutant was investigated under visible light irradiation at selected pH 3, 7, 9 and 11 which represents the acidic, neutral and basic conditions and the results are presented in Figure 3.
    keywords: c3n4; catalyst; degradation; irradiation; light; material; photocatalyst; photocatalytic; tetracycline; water
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        item: #2913 of 7527
          id: cet-12914
      author: None
       title: CET 96
        date: 2022-11-24
       words: 4082
      flesch: 53
     summary: 397 Currently, laboratory-scale methods for malic acid production are limited due to the use of pellet morphology and CaCO3 as the go-to buffering agent which complicates downstream processing. The CaCO3 set had significantly higher rates of glucose consumption and malic acid production compared to the MgCO3 set.
    keywords: acid; buffer; caco3; calcium; concentration; malic; mgco3; oryzae; production; results
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        item: #2914 of 7527
          id: cet-12915
      author: None
       title: CET 96
        date: 2022-11-24
       words: 2824
      flesch: 44
     summary: Due to the economic impact of cosmetic products and the need for energy to carry out agro-industrial processes, raw materials that can be used in these two sectors were selected; Then, an inventory of raw materials with high potential to produce cosmetic products and the availability of residual biomass with energetic characteristics was carried out. Eucalyptus oil and coconut oil were evaluated to prepare cosmetic products, highlighting solid shampoo as an innovative product.
    keywords: coconut; colombia; eucalyptus; figure; materials; oil; products; sector; use; waste
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        item: #2915 of 7527
          id: cet-12916
      author: None
       title: CET 96
        date: 2022-11-24
       words: 3534
      flesch: 53
     summary: Above 750°C the amount of gases are dominant and its composition shifts toward the higher proportion of lighter hydrocarbons and hydrogen At higher temperatures (>800°C) the ratio of CO to CO2 as well as the amount of methane can vary significantly
    keywords: 1bar; cat; dolomite; hydrogen; pressure
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        item: #2916 of 7527
          id: cet-12917
      author: None
       title: CET 96
        date: 2022-11-24
       words: 3603
      flesch: 45
     summary: Tuvdendorj et al. (2019) reported that the best model would use a coefficient of determination based on NDWI, VSDI, and NDVI, which are the most effective predictors and reliable remote sensing indexes for monitoring spring wheat yield in northern Mongolia. Also, in this study, MODIS/MOD1B time series data with a spatial resolution of 1 km and daily intervals were used to estimate spring wheat yields.
    keywords: crop; data; index; indices; kazakhstan; remote; sensing; soil; spring; wheat; yield
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        item: #2917 of 7527
          id: cet-12918
      author: None
       title: CET 96
        date: 2022-11-24
       words: 2828
      flesch: 45
     summary: (13) where 𝑟(𝑇) is the Ohmic resistance, which was considered to depend on temperature as the inverse of the ionic conductivity of the electrolyte 𝑟(𝑇) = 𝑙 𝜎(𝑇) (14) where l is a fitting parameter and 𝜎(𝑇) is the electrolyte conductivity, whose temperature dependence was provided in (Hu, 2016) for high temperatures (Eq.(15)) and (Kojima, 2008) for low temperatures (Eq.(16)) 𝜎(𝑇) = −3.2403 + The data obtained, along with experimental results at higher temperature (570-650°C) available in the literature, was analyzed using a 0D model accounting for Ohmic and activation overpotentials to determine the correlation between current and potential.
    keywords: cell; electrolysis; electrolyte; temperature
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        item: #2918 of 7527
          id: cet-12919
      author: None
       title: CET 96
        date: 2022-11-24
       words: 3311
      flesch: 46
     summary: One way to bypass carbon deposition is to use a molten metal bath (which may or may not contain catalytic metal components) as a reaction environment, where methane bubbles are introduced at the bottom of the bath and are progressively converted as they rise through the liquid metal. One way to bypass carbon deposition is to use a molten metal bath (which may or may not contain catalytic components) as a reaction environment, where methane bubbles are introduced at the bottom of the bath through a sparger and are progressively converted to hydrogen as they rise through the liquid metal [see, e.g. Pérez et Al, 2013 and therein cited references].
    keywords: bubble; conversion; height; metal; methane; reaction; size; time
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        item: #2919 of 7527
          id: cet-1292
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 1murphy.docx
        date: 2017-07-19
       words: 3014
      flesch: 54
     summary: The main concern is however the vibration perceived by the operators: even though beater vibrations are transmitted to both the operators’ hand-arms, they did not declare this problem at the right limb, but only at the left, probably due to slightly lower acceleration values registered at the left hand. These machines (quite light, but with both a long shaft and high sticks velocity) record high vibration values and oblige the workers to accomplish repetitive movements with the upper limbs, often with the arms above the shoulders.
    keywords: arm; beater; hand; limb; ocra; olive; risk; vibration; work
       cache: cet-1292.pdf
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        item: #2920 of 7527
          id: cet-12920
      author: None
       title: CET 96
        date: 2022-11-24
       words: 3653
      flesch: 50
     summary: Table 2: Steady-state simulation results of DAE ADM1 model against BSM2’s ODE ADM1 model. 34 Sgas,H2 0.0000 0.0000 -0.68 20 SNH3 0.0041 0.0039 -5.45 35 Sgas,CH4 1.6256 1.5667 -3.62 21 SH+ 0.0000 0.0000 5.94 36 Sgas,CO2 0.014 0.0150 6.27 Table 3: Simulation results of DAE ADM1 model, compared with the model calibration stage in Nguyen’s (2014).
    keywords: adm1; calibration; cod; dae; model; parameters; results; state; values
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        item: #2921 of 7527
          id: cet-12921
      author: None
       title: CET 96
        date: 2022-11-24
       words: 3332
      flesch: 43
     summary: It is defined by Belis (2019) as the technique used to relate emissions from various pollution sources to air pollution concentrations at a given location and period. Lotrecchiano N., Sofia D., Giuliano A., Barletta D., Poletto M., 2020, Pollution dispersion from a fire using a Gaussian plume model, International Journal of Safety and Security Engineering, 10, 431–439, doi:10.18280/ijsse.100401. Lotrecchiano N., Montano L., Bonapace I.M, Tenore G., Trucillo P., Sofia D., 2022, Comparison Process of Blood Heavy Metals Absorption Linked to Measured Air Quality Data in Areas with High and Low Environmental Impact, Processes, 10, https://doi.org/10.3390/pr10071409. Mircea M., Calori G., Pirovano G., Belis C.A., European guide on air pollution source apportionment for particulate matter with source oriented models and their combined use with receptor models,
    keywords: air; concentration; figure; increase; mesh; pollution; source; wind
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        item: #2922 of 7527
          id: cet-12922
      author: None
       title: CET 96
        date: 2022-11-24
       words: 3639
      flesch: 49
     summary: Artificial intelligence was used in this study to define and test an algorithm for image recognition. For this to happen, the machine set up for image recognition must be trained.
    keywords: area; images; learning; medium; model; results; test; value
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        item: #2923 of 7527
          id: cet-12923
      author: None
       title: CET 96
        date: 2022-11-24
       words: 3634
      flesch: 52
     summary: The net-zero deficit refers to the amount of negative emissions required to reach net zero and is represented when the end of the NET curve does not cross the vertical axis. The cost of negative emissions from BC and BECCS corresponds to the lowest value within the ranges, as reported by Fuss et al.
    keywords: beccs; co2; cost; emissions; energy; net; nets; planning; power; sources
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        item: #2924 of 7527
          id: cet-12924
      author: None
       title: CET 96
        date: 2022-11-24
       words: 3658
      flesch: 51
     summary: (2018) that found N, P, and K in fish waste liquid organic fertilizer were 2.26, respectively. According to the findings of the Lepongbulan 2017 study, fish waste POC contains high levels of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium.
    keywords: blood; brown; changes; content; fertilizer; liquid; material; poc; ppm; smelly; waste
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        item: #2925 of 7527
          id: cet-12925
      author: None
       title: CET 96
        date: 2022-11-24
       words: 3460
      flesch: 51
     summary: 4.92 Adeq precision 38.3409 Table 4: Regression coefficient of polynomial function of response surface oil yield. The quadratic term of temperature has no significant effect on Sclerocarya birrea kernel oil yield.
    keywords: birrea; extraction; kernel; model; oil; pressure; response; sclerocarya; surface; temperature; yield
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        item: #2926 of 7527
          id: cet-12926
      author: None
       title: CET 96
        date: 2022-11-24
       words: 3215
      flesch: 44
     summary: Figure 5: (a) Capacity during contact time and (b) Regeneration for MB adsorption onto MH samples Table 2: The comparison of the magnetization and adsorption capacity of products with various hydrochars Raw materials Method Magnetization, emu g-1 Adsorption capacity, mg g-1 References Rice straw, FeCl3, KOH Hydrothermal 453 K, 14 h 18.97 - 48.80 98.07 - 82.14 This is the first work to describe the synthesis of magnetic hydrochar (MH) from black liquor precursors using a low-temperature hydrothermal method as well as its application as an adsorbent for the removal of methylene blue from water.
    keywords: adsorption; blue; capacity; figure; g-1; hydrochar; liquor; magnetic; methylene; mh-2; removal
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        item: #2927 of 7527
          id: cet-12927
      author: None
       title: CET 96
        date: 2022-11-24
       words: 3663
      flesch: 47
     summary: The biomass profile in Table 2 illustrates the accumulation of lipids following Scenedesmus sp. treatment of brewery wastewater. As CO2 gas is sparged through the broth, the microalga Scenedesmus sp. accumulates lipid as it mops up minerals and nutrients from brewery wastewater to produce biomass.
    keywords: biomass; brewery; content; growth; lipid; microalgae; nitrogen; production; scenedesmus; wastewater
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        item: #2928 of 7527
          id: cet-12928
      author: None
       title: CET 96
        date: 2022-11-24
       words: 3233
      flesch: 44
     summary: Tests with higher concentration solutions were also carried out, but saturated spectra were obtained. The aim of this preliminary study is to verify the possibility of developing and integrating into a microfluid device a sensor, based on a colorimetric evaluation by UV-Vis spectroscopy coupled with the lab-on-a-chip technology, for the detection of a wide range of copper concentrations in water.
    keywords: calibration; concentrations; copper; figure; solutions; water
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        item: #2929 of 7527
          id: cet-12929
      author: None
       title: CET 96
        date: 2022-11-24
       words: 2744
      flesch: 41
     summary: The baseline represents the significant linear model of energy consumption, when compared to production. Pareto diagram of energy consumption.
    keywords: doi; energy; gas; https://doi.org/10.1016; performance; production
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        item: #2930 of 7527
          id: cet-1293
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 1murphy.docx
        date: 2017-07-19
       words: 2623
      flesch: 49
     summary: Furthermore, as in the case of beverages that must be chilled for their conservation (i.e. fruit juice, fresh milk and other pasteurised beverages), the temperature can compromise tag readability. Similarly, in the case of 4% ethanol aqueous solution, the temperature increase improves tag readability (Pmin decreases, Figure 3).
    keywords: effect; pmin; readability; rfid; tag; temperature
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        item: #2931 of 7527
          id: cet-12930
      author: None
       title: CET 96
        date: 2022-11-24
       words: 3211
      flesch: 54
     summary: David S. F., David F. F., Machado M. L. P., 2016, Artificial neural network model for predict of silicon content in hot metal blast furnace. Artificial neural networks using extreme learning machines and using Big Data are able to predict fuel consumption based on the parameters of the reduction process in blast furnaces, and this can be verified by the accuracy of the model.
    keywords: blast; cardoso; furnace; learning; neural; rate
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        item: #2932 of 7527
          id: cet-12931
      author: None
       title: CET 96
        date: 2022-11-24
       words: 3719
      flesch: 54
     summary: This research aims to determine the effect of activated carbon obtained from cocoa husks (Theobroma cacao L.) on the adsorption of iron (II) present in water of an aquifer for human consumption. It was determined that, over the range considered, agitation speeds had no significant effect on the percentage of iron (II) removal, being the dose of activated carbon and temperature, the most influential variables.
    keywords: adsorption; carbon; doi; iron; removal; sample; temperature; water
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        item: #2933 of 7527
          id: cet-12932
      author: None
       title: CET 96
        date: 2022-11-24
       words: 3583
      flesch: 52
     summary: Solvent degradation • High CO2 absorption and cyclic absorption capacity. Consequently, it is the most mature solvent in CO2 absorption (Nwaoha et al., 2017).
    keywords: absorption; amine; capture; carbon; co2; corrosion; pressure; steel
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        item: #2934 of 7527
          id: cet-12933
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-12933
        date: 2022-11-28
       words: 2920
      flesch: 43
     summary: Figure 1 shows an example of customers distribution over the geographical domain where the black point 0 is the depot point while the light blue dots from 1 to 10 are the customers each on with the related product demand. Figure 3: Results for travel distance probability distribution.
    keywords: costs; customers; distribution; emissions; results; supply; travel
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        item: #2935 of 7527
          id: cet-12934
      author: raffaella
       title: None
        date: 2022-11-28
       words: 2971
      flesch: 47
     summary: Alternatively, data can be obtained from scientific publications and other sources, with automatic or manual use of data analysis. After structuring and processing process data from scientific literature, the LCA step give an environmental impact-process matrix which can be analyzed by MDS method.
    keywords: assessment; data; group; impacts; process; processes; step; sustainability
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        item: #2936 of 7527
          id: cet-12935
      author: AA.VV.
       title: CET 97
        date: 2022-12-12
       words: 3574
      flesch: 41
     summary: References Bacudio L.R., Benjamin M.F.D., Eusebio R.C.P., Holaysan S.A.K., Promentilla M.A.B., Yu K.D.S., Aviso K.B., 2016, Analyzing barriers to implementing industrial symbiosis networks using DEMATEL, Sustainable Production and Consumption, 7, 57-65. Bhanot N., Qaiser F.H., Alkahtani M., Rehman A.U., 2020, An integrated decision-making approach for cause- and-effect analysis of sustainable manufacturing indicators, Sustainability, 12(4), 1517. In this preliminary work, a Decision-Making Trial and Evaluation Laboratory (DEMATEL) framework was used in analyzing barriers to implementing IBRs on a municipality level.
    keywords: barriers; dematel; effect; ibr; lack; waste
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        item: #2937 of 7527
          id: cet-12936
      author: AA.VV.
       title: CET 97
        date: 2022-12-12
       words: 3722
      flesch: 48
     summary: Lim =Wk (1) where W is criteria weights, k is the power that the weight can be raised (k can be to infinity) The NFh- AP algorithm's weighting consistency is due to networking and fuzzy logic interaction, and it is presented to assist evaluate consistent criteria weights and a simple modelling approach for brownfield-EIP (BF-EIP) site selection.
    keywords: ahp; anp; criteria; eip; nfh; selection; site; weights
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        item: #2938 of 7527
          id: cet-12937
      author: AA.VV.
       title: CET 97
        date: 2022-12-12
       words: 2959
      flesch: 39
     summary: References Buldakov M.A., Korolev B.V., Matrosov I.I., Petrov D.V., Tikhomirov A.A., 2013, Raman gas analyzer for determining the composition of natural gas, Journal of Applied Spectroscopy, 80(1), 124–128. Figure 1: Hydrate reactor layout for gas hydrate formation (GC: gas chromatography; T: temperature, and P: pressure) 2.2 GC conditions A gas chromatography (GC) model 7890A from Agilent Hewlett Packard, USA equipped with Thermal Conductivity Detector (TCD) and Flame Ionization Detector (FID) system used for the determination of the CH4, C3H8 concentration in the gas mixture.
    keywords: c3h8; ch4; formation; gas; hydrate; mixture; phase; raman
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        item: #2939 of 7527
          id: cet-12938
      author: AA.VV.
       title: CET 97
        date: 2022-12-12
       words: 3570
      flesch: 48
     summary: Because of this 1:1 ratio, Fe3O4 and CNC particles had the most uniformly distributed structure, so the adsorption capacity of Pb2+ was higher than the remaining ratios recorded in Table 1. The TEM image also showed that the striped particle arrays were cellulose crystal nanoparticles, scattered ferromagnetic particles interspersed with CNC particles.
    keywords: adsorption; cellulose; cm-1; cnc; concentration; fe3o4; materials; model; pb2; surface; water
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        item: #2940 of 7527
          id: cet-1294
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 1murphy.docx
        date: 2017-07-19
       words: 2893
      flesch: 62
     summary: The rate of use and the field conditions in which they operate result in a high requirement of maintenance and repair that their data on energy demand should not be applied to other kinds of machines. This study aimed at determining the energy demanded and DOI: 10.3303/CET1758030 Please cite this article as: Mantoam E., Romanelli T., Gimenez L., Milan M., 2017, Energy demand and greenhouse gases emissions in the life cycle of coffee harvesters, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 58, 175-180 DOI: 10.3303/CET1758030 175 GHG emissions in the life cycle of coffee harvesters, due their importance on this crop in some tropical countries.
    keywords: co2e; cycle; emissions; energy; kg-1; life; maintenance
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        item: #2941 of 7527
          id: cet-12940
      author: AA.VV.
       title: CET 97
        date: 2022-12-12
       words: 4197
      flesch: 50
     summary: 3.2 Biopolymeric encapsulation of betalains Freeze-drying technique was chosen in betalains encapsulation to obtain a pure and easy-to-use pigment in powder form due to its favorable mild process parameters (low temperature) to avoid degradation of bioactive compounds. More particularly, microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) combined with dragon fruit peel pectin (DFP) proved to be a stable heating carrier for betalains encapsulation.
    keywords: betalains; dfp; dragon; encapsulation; food; freeze; fruit; mcc; pectin; red; stability
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        item: #2942 of 7527
          id: cet-12941
      author: AA.VV.
       title: CET 97
        date: 2022-12-12
       words: 3551
      flesch: 55
     summary: Furthermore, due to reduced mode share of car, environmental benefits are obtained. This study suggests a tag-less system to accomplish MaaS. In Korea, payment for public transport, taxis, or other transport modes is achieved by tagging system comprising a card and machine.
    keywords: maas; mobility; mode; platform; share; system; tag; time; transport; transportation; travel
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        item: #2943 of 7527
          id: cet-12942
      author: AA.VV.
       title: CET 97
        date: 2022-12-12
       words: 3890
      flesch: 43
     summary: 𝑃𝑃𝑘𝑘 = 𝑃𝑃𝑘𝑘 0exp (−𝜃𝜃𝑐𝑐𝑘𝑘) ∑ 𝑃𝑃𝑗𝑗 0(−𝜃𝜃𝑐𝑐𝑘𝑘) 𝑛𝑛 𝑗𝑗 (1) 3.3 Calculation of benefits 3.3.1 Calculation of air pollution reduction benefits Eq(3) is an equation for obtaining air pollution reduction benefits.
    keywords: air; benefits; modal; pollution; reduction; split; study; traffic; trams; transportation
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        item: #2944 of 7527
          id: cet-12943
      author: AA.VV.
       title: CET 97
        date: 2022-12-12
       words: 3482
      flesch: 50
     summary: 3.2 Effect of pH The influence of pH on RB5 adsorption by PEI/PVC-NF was investigated at 500 mg/L RB5 solution in pH 2-12 (Figure 2a). The findings of kinetic studies of RB5 adsorption by PEI/PVC-NF at 100 and 500 mg/L of RB5 solution are presented in Figure 2b.
    keywords: adsorption; order; pei; pvc; rb5
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        item: #2945 of 7527
          id: cet-12944
      author: AA.VV.
       title: CET 97
        date: 2022-12-12
       words: 4279
      flesch: 41
     summary: Li et al., 2016 Membrane - 3.85 mmol/g (Hg2+) 2.0 mmol/g (Cu2+) 2.44 mmol/g (Pb2+) Tang et al., 2011 88 % (Victoria Blue 2B) 48 % (Methyl Violet 2B) 13 %* For synthetic sources, traditional polymers such as polystyrene (PS), polyurethane (PU), polyvinyl chloride (PVC), and polyolefin, are commonly employed as the matrix of porous materials for foaming (Zhang et al., 2020).
    keywords: adsorption; cellulose; chitosan; composites; et al; foam; materials; oil; water; zhang
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        item: #2946 of 7527
          id: cet-12945
      author: AA.VV.
       title: CET 97
        date: 2022-12-12
       words: 3339
      flesch: 46
     summary: Figure 2: Density and porosity of MFC aerogels with increasing PAE content 3.3 Chemical structure of MFC aerogels Figure 3 shows FTIR spectra of raw pineapple leaf pulp, pineapple leaf pulp after bleaching and acid pyrolyzing, and MFC aerogel cross-linked by PAE. Specifically, Zhou et al. prepared MFC aerogels with an ultralow density of below 0.005 g/cm3, high lipophilicity, and superior porosity of over 99.68 %, from softwood kraft pulp by using TEMPO as an oxidation factor (Zhou et al., 2016).
    keywords: aerogels; cellulose; heat; insulation; mfc; m۰k; pae; pineapple
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        item: #2947 of 7527
          id: cet-12946
      author: AA.VV.
       title: CET 97
        date: 2022-12-12
       words: 3912
      flesch: 42
     summary: Cuong T.D., Linh N.V., Chung N.H., Dien L.Q., 2021, Study on antibacterial papermaking for food packaging using rice straw nanocellulose and nanochitosan, IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 947(1). These processes not only lead to a critical impact on the environment due to the emission of greenhouse gases including CO2, N2O, and CH4 but also do not fully exploit the potential of rice straw materials (Le et al., 2022a).
    keywords: biomass; cellulose; et al; lignin; methods; nanocellulose; pretreatment; production; rice; rice straw; straw
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        item: #2948 of 7527
          id: cet-12947
      author: AA.VV.
       title: CET 97
        date: 2022-12-12
       words: 3534
      flesch: 46
     summary: Figure 3: (a) Picture of freeze-dried rice straw cellulose aerogel, (b) SEM image of aerogel sample, and (c) water contact angle of MTMS-coated sample Figure 4: (a) PVA-cellulose formation mechanism, and (b) MTMS coating mechanism To investigate the ability to separate oil from water of rice straw cellulose aerogel, experiments with aerogel submerged in engine oil/water mixture were carried out. Figure 5: (a) Oil/water separation experiment, (b) adsorption capacity of rice straw cellulose aerogel over time, and (c) recycling experiments 4.
    keywords: adsorption; aerogel; cellulose; figure; oil; rice; rice straw; sample; scale; straw; water
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        item: #2949 of 7527
          id: cet-12948
      author: AA.VV.
       title: CET 97
        date: 2022-12-12
       words: 3564
      flesch: 57
     summary: This study uses the downdraft device for rice husk gasification, with atmospheric air as the gasification agent. 2.3 Experiment setup for rice husk gasification by air Figure 2a shows the process flow diagram.
    keywords: energy; gasification; husk; model; process; rice; syngas
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        item: #2950 of 7527
          id: cet-12949
      author: AA.VV.
       title: CET 97
        date: 2022-12-12
       words: 3909
      flesch: 50
     summary: Therefore, the aim of this study was to isolate CNC from this abundant natural source for the reinforcement of biocomposite films. CNC was produced using a one-step acid hydrolysis, which was then employed in high- speed homogenization to further reduce the crystal size.
    keywords: cellulose; chitosan; cnc; figure; film; nanocellulose; peg; properties; pva
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        item: #2951 of 7527
          id: cet-1295
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 1murphy.docx
        date: 2017-07-19
       words: 4134
      flesch: 59
     summary: Treatments applied to mature cover crops were: exhaust heat (with or without supplemental heat strips); exhaust heat (with or without supplemental heat strips) combined with the roller; and roller only. During the two year experiment, average rye termination rates were significantly higher (93 to 97%) for the combination of exhaust heat with supplemental heat strips and the roller at both speeds compared to engine exhaust heat only, exhaust heat with heat strips, and the roller alone (87 to 92%).
    keywords: control; cover; exhaust; heat; roller; rye; termination; weeks
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        item: #2952 of 7527
          id: cet-12950
      author: AA.VV.
       title: CET 97
        date: 2022-12-12
       words: 3600
      flesch: 51
     summary: 0 % 20 % 40 % 60 % 80 % 100 % Optimal chiller plant Current chiller plant (a) 0 % 20 % 40 % 60 % 80 % 100 % current i1 optimal i1 current i2 optimal i2 Chiller Chilled Water Pump Condenser Water Pump (b) 96 016.pdf Optimal Operation of Chillers Plant in Academic Building by using Linear Programming Approach The operation of chillers plant in the HVAC system is not ideally efficient in major academic buildings because the chillers are operated without accounting for the cooling load demand of the air-conditioning area of the building.
    keywords: air; building; chiller; cooling; energy; optimal; plant; temperature; water; ∈ 𝑇𝑇
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        item: #2953 of 7527
          id: cet-12951
      author: AA.VV.
       title: CET 97
        date: 2022-12-12
       words: 2981
      flesch: 51
     summary: Ludwinowicz and Jarnoiec (2015) investigated the influence of activating agents (i.e. KOH, CO2, NH3, ZnCl2) on CO2 adsorption of activated BC derived commercial carbon, showing that KOH-activated carbon has the highest CO2 uptake (6.9 mmol-1 at 1 bar), compared to the others. For example, Shao et al., applied physical activation method to prepare activated biochar from corncob, showed that the BET surface area significantly increased from 56.1 (without activation) to 755.3 m2/g (with CO2 activation)
    keywords: adsorption; agents; biochar; removal
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        item: #2954 of 7527
          id: cet-12953
      author: AA.VV.
       title: CET 97
        date: 2022-12-12
       words: 4247
      flesch: 42
     summary: This combination is intended to enhance antimicrobial resistance, and limit the evaporation of essential oils (Sotelo- Boyas et al., 2017). ISBN 978-88-95608-96-9; ISSN 2283-9216 A Mini-Review on Essential oils, Chitosan, and Their Application in Preserving Fruits and Vegetables Phan Thi Thanh Nga, Hoang Phuong Nghi Nguyen, Xuan Thang Nguyen, Thi Phuong Minh Pham, Phung Thi Kim Le* Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology, Vietnam National University System - Ho Chi Minh (VNU-HCM), 268 Ly Thuong Kiet, District 10, Ho Chi Minh, Vietnam phanthanhnga@hcmut.edu.vn The promising eatable coatings, which were obtained by the combination of chitosan and essential oils (EO), attracted many researchers.
    keywords: antibacterial; chitosan; coating; compounds; eos; et al; food; fruits; nanoparticles; oil; oils; preservation
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        item: #2955 of 7527
          id: cet-12954
      author: AA.VV.
       title: CET 97
        date: 2022-12-12
       words: 3867
      flesch: 48
     summary: Social media data were collected using a web crawler and annual transportation data were collected from the green transportation promotion areas in Seoul, Korea. Using social media data, travel patterns can be analyzed.
    keywords: data; green; lda; leisure; media; number; region; topic; transportation; travel; type
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        item: #2956 of 7527
          id: cet-12955
      author: AA.VV.
       title: CET 97
        date: 2022-12-12
       words: 3707
      flesch: 59
     summary: Unlike electric vehicles, research on hydrogen vehicles is insufficient and quantitative evidence for policy establishment is lacking (İnci et al., 2021). Figure 1: Hydrogen Truck Survival Curve Developed by Liu 2.2 Eco-friendly effects of transportation policies Han et al. (2019), studied the environmental and economic effects of the spread of electric vehicles and hydrogen vehicles through a computable general equilibrium model (CGE).
    keywords: air; cars; future; hfv; hydrogen; number; policy; pollution; reduction; trucks; vehicles
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        item: #2957 of 7527
          id: cet-12956
      author: AA.VV.
       title: CET 97
        date: 2022-12-12
       words: 3606
      flesch: 56
     summary: In this manuscript, we used a dynamic mass transfer model to describe SLMSD process. A is more than 8 times higher (k.A = 0.153 L.min-1 in SLMSD process).
    keywords: acid; concentration; extraction; feed; indium; slmsd; solution; 𝐶𝐶𝑓𝑓
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        item: #2958 of 7527
          id: cet-12957
      author: AA.VV.
       title: CET 97
        date: 2022-12-12
       words: 4221
      flesch: 54
     summary: Table 3: Comparison of results (with or without CVM benefit) Gross benefit Total cost Total discount benefit Total Discount Cost B/C NPV Without CVM -1,309 3,688 -648 3,126 -0.21 -3,774.14 With CVM 8,277 3,688 3,012 3,126 0.96 -114.20 Results +9,586 0 +3,660 0 4.2 Comparison of results (with or without CVM benefit)
    keywords: benefits; cvm; eco; krw; method; projects; sample; study; transportation; wtp
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        item: #2959 of 7527
          id: cet-12958
      author: AA.VV.
       title: CET 97
        date: 2022-12-12
       words: 4310
      flesch: 51
     summary: There is nearly 750 BUSD loss due to food wastage every year (Surendra et al., 2016). Organic waste treatments like landfill, anaerobic digestion, and composting is not only high cost but also contaminate the ground and surface water environment (Surendra et al., 2015).
    keywords: bsf; bsf larvae; chitin; et al; feed; fly; food; frass; larvae; life; production; soldier; stages; waste
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        item: #2960 of 7527
          id: cet-12959
      author: AA.VV.
       title: CET 97
        date: 2022-12-12
       words: 3631
      flesch: 52
     summary: Figure 1: XRD spectra of the raw CFA and desilicated CFA 3.2 The efficiency of silicon extraction from CFA The optimization of the silicon extraction was conducted with one response of silicon extraction efficiency. Ju T., Jiang J., Meng Y., Yan F., Xu Y., Gao Y., 2020, An investigation of the effect of ultrasonic waves on the efficiency of silicon extraction from coal fly ash, Ultrasonics - Sonochemistry 60, 104765.
    keywords: ash; coal; efficiency; extraction; fly; min; silicon
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        item: #2961 of 7527
          id: cet-1296
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 1murphy.docx
        date: 2017-07-19
       words: 3454
      flesch: 54
     summary: J. Dairy Sci. 93, 4045–4053. doi:10.3168/jds.2010-3062 Brehme, U., Stollberg, U., Holz, R., Schleusener, T., 2006, ALT pedometer - a new sensor-aided measurement system for improvement in oestrus detection. 189 The mean and standard deviation of the difference between lying time measured by direct observation minus the lying time measured by the “TAC” pedometers was M(diff)=1,37 ± s=6,32 min and M(diff)=-0,83 ± s=5,72 min for the “ALT” pedometers.
    keywords: alt; animals; cows; dairy; data; lameness; lying; observation; pedometers; tac
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        item: #2962 of 7527
          id: cet-12960
      author: AA.VV.
       title: CET 97
        date: 2022-12-12
       words: 3253
      flesch: 61
     summary: Also, the model did not consider the number of chargers that could be accessed or the high capital cost of electric bus chargers. This study developed a mathematical model to schedule the charging times of electric buses on multiple routes, based on a 24-hr day with a single charging station and a limited number of chargers.
    keywords: bus; buses; chargers; charging; cost; energy; model; route
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        item: #2963 of 7527
          id: cet-12961
      author: AA.VV.
       title: CET 97
        date: 2022-12-12
       words: 3510
      flesch: 47
     summary: 2.1 Case study A mine site that operates a 160 MW coal-fired power plant is taken as a case study where the coal-fired power plant generates two types of waste, namely, fly ash and bottom ash that would be dumped on a dedicated landfill (known as coal ash landfill). Coal bottom ash collected from a submerged chain conveyor was transported to a landfill using a dump truck with a load capacity of 5 t. A dump truck with a load capacity of 10 t was used for transporting fly ash from the fly ash silo to the disposal area (landfill).
    keywords: ash; carbon; coal; diesel; faba; fly; landfill; management; scenario; site
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        item: #2964 of 7527
          id: cet-12962
      author: AA.VV.
       title: CET 97
        date: 2022-12-12
       words: 3467
      flesch: 55
     summary: The effects of pyrolysis temperature (400-700 °C), pyrolysis time (30-120 min), and nitrogen flow rate (0.4-1.0 L/min) on biochar yield were analysed. Then, the correlation of influence pyrolysis parameters on biochar yield can be evaluated.
    keywords: biochar; min; oil; opw; palm; pks; production; pyrolysis; temperature; yield
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        item: #2965 of 7527
          id: cet-12963
      author: AA.VV.
       title: CET 97
        date: 2022-12-12
       words: 3540
      flesch: 48
     summary: This study aims to analyze the changes in urban railway network centrality by introducing metropolitan express railways and analyzing the environmental benefits owing to the activation of public transportation. Derrible S., 2012, Network centrality of metro systems, PLoS ONE, 7(7), e40575.
    keywords: analysis; betweenness; centrality; metropolitan; network; nodes; railway; stations; transportation
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        item: #2966 of 7527
          id: cet-12964
      author: AA.VV.
       title: CET 97
        date: 2022-12-12
       words: 3646
      flesch: 44
     summary: In China, for example, carbon emissions and added value of the transport sector showed an upward trend (Wang and Wang, 2019). Likewise, the transportation industry was found to be a large source of energy consumption and carbon emissions in the said country.
    keywords: carbon; co2; effect; emissions; energy; gdp; korea; sector; transportation
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        item: #2967 of 7527
          id: cet-12965
      author: AA.VV.
       title: CET 97
        date: 2022-12-12
       words: 3297
      flesch: 52
     summary: The results of desalination experiment confirmed that carbon aerogel electrodes have a good NaCl-removal capacity in low initial concentration. 3.4 Removal capacity of carbon aerogel electrodes.
    keywords: aerogel; carbon; carbon aerogel; electrodes; jackfruit; pore; samples; waste
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        item: #2968 of 7527
          id: cet-12966
      author: AA.VV.
       title: CET 97
        date: 2022-12-12
       words: 3643
      flesch: 55
     summary: The experimental conditions are as follows: TOCin (TOC input) 5,000 ppb; pH 7-9; effect O3/TOC (O3 value rate of O3 is used to TOCin) 10-20; R2 is not operated. It is clear that O3 absorption rate decreases as Lv increases.
    keywords: figure; h2o2; orp; oxidation; removal; toc; wastewater
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        item: #2969 of 7527
          id: cet-12967
      author: AA.VV.
       title: CET 97
        date: 2022-12-12
       words: 4352
      flesch: 30
     summary: The suitable oxygen supply rate is the key factor to ensure the good effect of aerobic solubilization process. Phototrophic bioconversion by APB can produce a wide range of metabolic and cellular products of value, including bioavailable mineral nutrients for plants (Sakarika et al., 2020), and the biomass nutrients that can be used as animal feed (Delamare- Deboutteville et al., 2019).
    keywords: anaerobic; apb; aquaculture; bacteria; et al; nutrient; phototrophic; process; sludge; solubilization
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        item: #2970 of 7527
          id: cet-12968
      author: AA.VV.
       title: CET 97
        date: 2022-12-12
       words: 3495
      flesch: 50
     summary: Ibrahim N., Kennedy C., 2016, A methodology for constructing marginal abatement cost curves for climate action in cities, Energies, 9(4), 227. Kesicki F., 2013, Marginal abatement cost curves: combining energy system modelling and decomposition analysis, Environmental Modeling and Assessment, 18(1), 27–37. Kesicki F., Ekins P., 2012, Marginal abatement cost curves: A call for caution, Climate Policy, 12(2), 219–236. Khabbazan M.M., von Hirschhausen C., 2021, The implication of the Paris targets for the Middle East through different cooperation options, Energy Economics, 104, 105629.
    keywords: abatement; co2; curves; emissions; footprint; land; mac; water
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        item: #2971 of 7527
          id: cet-12969
      author: AA.VV.
       title: CET 97
        date: 2022-12-12
       words: 3682
      flesch: 43
     summary: Figure 1: Potential mercury release to the air in Malaysia in 2019 under three scenarios 3.2 Alleviated environment burden reflected in impact and damage categories Figure 2 summarises the environmental burden caused by mercury release to the air, water and land in the three scenarios. To provide a useful information to facilitate the creation of strategic management policies for mercury as the Minamata Convention on Mercury is implemented in Malaysia, there is an urgent need to estimate the potential to reduce mercury release by applying different control measures, i.e. simple electrostatic precipitator and mercury-specific filter.
    keywords: air; control; health; malaysia; measures; mercury; potential; release
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        item: #2972 of 7527
          id: cet-1297
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 1murphy.docx
        date: 2017-07-19
       words: 3697
      flesch: 49
     summary: For these tests it has been used the model S with operative characteristics shown in Figure 1. Figure 1: Operative characteristics of smart device used for trials. The use of smart device improves the vitamin C retention with respect to control, i.e. CwL is significantly higher than CwoL. The use of MAP A is comparable to its use with the smart device (AwoL vs. AwL) whereas MAP B shows a significant improvement when the smart device is used (BwoL vs. BwL).
    keywords: atmosphere; co2; device; food; map; packaging; product; storage; treatments
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        item: #2973 of 7527
          id: cet-12970
      author: AA.VV.
       title: CET 97
        date: 2022-12-12
       words: 3716
      flesch: 52
     summary: Five treatments were applied experimentally, with FW compost amendment rates of (5,15, 25, 35 and 100) % w/w, compared to unamended sandy soil as the control. 212 Figure 1: Moisture retention of the sandy soil and FW compost amendment.
    keywords: amendment; compost; composting; fw compost; growth; moisture; retention; soil; waste; water
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        item: #2974 of 7527
          id: cet-12971
      author: AA.VV.
       title: CET 97
        date: 2022-12-12
       words: 4437
      flesch: 50
     summary: S7 Gas processing 36.5 0.90 S8 Iron and steel (corex) 27.9 0.95 Table 2: Parameters of CO2 utilization facilities for the case study Facility Name Industry Dj U (t/y) Dj L (t/y) Cmin,j (t CO2/t gas) tj (y) Due to the compounding nature of SDR in CO2 emissions cost, a reasonably high discount rate encourages longer delays in CO2 emissions, encouraging CO2 utilization involving products with longer lifetimes.
    keywords: capture; ccu; co2; facilities; flow; gas; model; rate; sources; utilization
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        item: #2975 of 7527
          id: cet-12972
      author: AA.VV.
       title: CET 97
        date: 2022-12-12
       words: 3031
      flesch: 50
     summary: Feed solutions: Indium(III) sulfate (In2(SO4)3) was dissolved in water to prepare feed solution containing 200 mg/L of In3+. The recovery of metals was calculated by Eq(2): 𝑹𝑹 = 𝑪𝑪𝒇𝒇 𝟎𝟎 − 𝑪𝑪 𝑪𝑪𝒇𝒇 𝟎𝟎 × 𝟏𝟏𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎 % (2) With C is final metal concentration in feed solution, mg/L The selectivity of metals was calculated by Eq(3): 𝑆𝑆𝑌𝑌/𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸 = 𝑘𝑘𝑌𝑌 𝑘𝑘𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸 (3) With 𝒌𝒌𝒀𝒀, 𝒌𝒌𝑬𝑬𝑬𝑬 is mass transfer coefficient of yttrium and europium, consequently.
    keywords: acid; concentration; europium; feed; indium; metals; recovery; sato; solution
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        item: #2976 of 7527
          id: cet-12973
      author: AA.VV.
       title: CET 97
        date: 2022-12-12
       words: 3812
      flesch: 41
     summary: This indicated that the highest concentration of green extracted Lawsonia inermis L. leaves extract could inhibit the real food spoilage bacteria more effectively to extend food shelf life. 2.2 Quantitative analysis of lawsone Approximate 0.1 g of L. inermis leaves extract was dissolved in 10 mL of distilled water and thereafter centrifuged at 5,000 rpm for 20 min to collect the clear supernatant.
    keywords: extract; film; fish; food; inermis; l. inermis; lawsone; leaves
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        item: #2977 of 7527
          id: cet-12974
      author: AA.VV.
       title: CET 97
        date: 2022-12-12
       words: 3869
      flesch: 49
     summary: The conversion of organic wastes to biomethane via anaerobic digestion is a promising method to deal with the disposal of organic waste at the open landfills. A mathematical model will be developed as a powerful preliminary study tool that is able to handle multiple supply streams while determining the mass flowrate allocation from each supply to demand side, the capacity of biogas storage and organic waste storage.
    keywords: biomethane; day; demand; flowrate; mass; owla; storage; waste
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        item: #2978 of 7527
          id: cet-12975
      author: AA.VV.
       title: CET 97
        date: 2022-12-12
       words: 4346
      flesch: 58
     summary: This phenomenon due to the microorganisms are not easy to attack PP composite bioplastics (Amin et al., 2019). The addition of PP plastic fillers provides better advantages than bioplastics without the addition of PP plastic fillers, such as in the density, tensile strength, elongation, Young's modulus, and water resistance values.
    keywords: bioplastic; cellulose; glycerol; kapok; mass; plasticizer; sorbitol; value; water
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        item: #2979 of 7527
          id: cet-12976
      author: AA.VV.
       title: CET 97
        date: 2022-12-12
       words: 3871
      flesch: 50
     summary: The yield of pyrolysis gas products and gas product components was determined in this work. The output product proceeded to the holding tank, and the yield of product pyrolysis gas was calculated and sent for gas chromatography analysis.
    keywords: activation; gas; min; process; product; pyrolysis; temperature; zeolite
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        item: #2980 of 7527
          id: cet-12977
      author: AA.VV.
       title: CET 97
        date: 2022-12-12
       words: 3630
      flesch: 47
     summary: Martín, M., 2022, Challenges and opportunities of solar thermal energy towards a sustainable chemical industry, Computers and Chemical Engineering, 107926. Problem identification An integrated thermal system means that solar thermal energy generation, demand, and supply are enclosed within a specific industry, company or use.
    keywords: cost; decision; energy; heat; model; peer; prosumer; storage; system; thermal; 𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐
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        item: #2981 of 7527
          id: cet-12978
      author: AA.VV.
       title: CET 97
        date: 2022-12-12
       words: 4144
      flesch: 51
     summary: The high cost of production also causes the low adoption of technology to reduce the level of food loss, which also means that the level of water loss is still high caused by this commodity, especially irrigation water (blue water). Based on the calculation, Indonesia's food loss annually results in around 14,670 Mm3 of water loss.
    keywords: crops; food; food loss; footprint; indonesia; land; loss; oil; water
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        item: #2982 of 7527
          id: cet-12979
      author: AA.VV.
       title: CET 97
        date: 2022-12-12
       words: 3505
      flesch: 48
     summary: Phytophthora blight caused by Phytophthora capsici is the most alarming disease that causes severe yield losses of about 2 % in pepper cultivation areas and 15 – 20 % production per year (Nguyen et al., 2020). In this study, bacterial strains from the pepper rhizosphere soil with a strong antagonistic potential to P. capsici were isolated, identified, and archived for further studies.
    keywords: activity; capsici; chitin; control; growth; nh46; pepper; phytophthora; strains
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        item: #2983 of 7527
          id: cet-1298
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 1murphy.docx
        date: 2017-07-19
       words: 2585
      flesch: 49
     summary: Studies on graft unions. Despite the generalization of grafting in viticulture and the increase in vegetable grafting worldwide, little is known about the early mechanisms involved in grafting and how the structure of the graft union develops during graft union formation in any plant species.
    keywords: callus; cuttings; figure; graft; grafting; nursery; results; success; union
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        item: #2984 of 7527
          id: cet-12980
      author: AA.VV.
       title: CET 97
        date: 2022-12-12
       words: 2659
      flesch: 41
     summary: In addition, it demonstrates the CA approach has a great potential to enable decision-makers to visualise and gain essential information about the continuous energy variation data (Figure 6) and (dis)charging patterns in thermal energy systems. Introduction A low carbon emissions economy is an economic model based on low energy consumption, low pollution, and low emissions.
    keywords: analysis; approaches; carbon; economy; energy; figure; method; pinch; power
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        item: #2985 of 7527
          id: cet-12981
      author: AA.VV.
       title: CET 97
        date: 2022-12-12
       words: 4316
      flesch: 56
     summary: Figure 1: Comparison of extraction methods (a) Recovery efficiency; (b) Loss activity The ratio of antioxidant activity was lost in the extraction because polyphenols were easily destroyed at high temperatures for a long time (Dai and Mumper, 2010). A relation between extraction methods and distinguishable physical change in the sample (see Figure 2a.
    keywords: antioxidant; beer; compounds; eae; extraction; gdb; methods; radish; tpc
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        item: #2986 of 7527
          id: cet-12982
      author: AA.VV.
       title: CET 97
        date: 2022-12-12
       words: 3814
      flesch: 49
     summary: Experiments on EFB pyrolysis have reported that the biochar produced can be a good candidate for soil amendment and carbon sequestration. This work will study the bioenergy generation potential of EFB and WT through microwave pyrolysis.
    keywords: bioenergy; carbon; content; efb; energy; microwave; process; products; pyrolysis; waste
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        item: #2987 of 7527
          id: cet-12983
      author: AA.VV.
       title: CET 97
        date: 2022-12-12
       words: 3644
      flesch: 45
     summary: On the hydrogen scale, Ee is the energy of free electrons (4.5 eV vs NHE), Eg is the semiconductor band gap energy, χ is the electronegativity of LaCoO3 photocatalyst which is about 4.63 eV (Madi and Tahir, 2022). This study reveals that LaCoO3 nanoparticles synthesized by hydrothermal method have a larger surface area and narrow bandgaps, resulting in a greater adsorptive capacity, increased visible light excitation, and an increase in the number of active sites for photocatalytic CO2 reduction.
    keywords: catalyst; ch4; co2; energy; lacoo3; light; perovskite; photocatalytic; reduction; tahir; water
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        item: #2988 of 7527
          id: cet-12984
      author: AA.VV.
       title: CET 97
        date: 2022-12-12
       words: 3203
      flesch: 54
     summary: Lastly, nano-hybrid pour-point depressants can also be considered one of the flow improvers capable of reducing the solidifying point of crude oil and having long-term stability compared to other surfactants' pour-point depressants (He et al., 2016). Worthy to note that the application of pour point depressant is still limited to the type of crude oil and depressant as well as the concentration of depressants (Yao et al., 2022).
    keywords: c-22; crude; energy; fame; flow; kcal; mol; oil; paraffin; particles; wax
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        item: #2989 of 7527
          id: cet-12985
      author: AA.VV.
       title: CET 97
        date: 2022-12-12
       words: 3915
      flesch: 48
     summary: Water footprint (WFP) is a method of measuring freshwater appropriation on different levels – national, corporate, activity, or product. Existing studies on water footprint mainly focused on the assessment but failed to use it for prescriptive modelling in the supply chain where the decisions are affected by the WFP assessments.
    keywords: chain; cost; footprint; model; product; study; supply; unit; water; water footprint
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        item: #2990 of 7527
          id: cet-12986
      author: AA.VV.
       title: CET 97
        date: 2022-12-12
       words: 4637
      flesch: 46
     summary: The modification of LC was carried out by sulfonation at 120 °C for 15 h to prepare acid catalysts for ethanolysis. Meanwhile, the yield of EL obtained from the LA ethanolysis catalyzed by various LCS demonstrated their ability to perform as acid catalysts.
    keywords: acid; carbon; catalyst; ethanolysis; lcs; lcs-400; lignin; surface
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        item: #2991 of 7527
          id: cet-12987
      author: AA.VV.
       title: CET 97
        date: 2022-12-12
       words: 4000
      flesch: 55
     summary: Mg2+ or Ca2+ could enhanced phage yields by 1.5 - or 3-fold. The medium affects not only the growth kinetics and physiology of the bacteria but also the phage adsorption and phage yields (João et al., 2021).
    keywords: figure; host; ictaluri; infection; medium; ml-1; phage; temperature; tsb
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        item: #2992 of 7527
          id: cet-12989
      author: AA.VV.
       title: CET 97
        date: 2022-12-12
       words: 3729
      flesch: 47
     summary: 1. Introduction Consumption of tea from the infusion of dried rose petals and buds has been increasing as the awareness of a healthy lifestyle becomes a trend in this modern era. Since the consumption of rose tea consists of heavy metals and mould might contribute another bad effect on the human body, there are recognised need to investigate any connection effect between the type of fertilizer used to grow rose plant associated with the content of heavy metals and mould contamination occur on dried rose petals used for making rose tea.
    keywords: contamination; content; fertilizer; inorganic; metal; petals; rose; sample; tea
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        item: #2993 of 7527
          id: cet-1299
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 1murphy.docx
        date: 2017-07-19
       words: 3580
      flesch: 57
     summary: Reasonable planting density for producing high seed yields and high crop residue is 3 to 5 hills per square meters. After harvesting, crop residue such as stem and leaves are returned to the soil by the tillage in conventional cultivation.
    keywords: crop; hcw; nitrogen; planting; plot; stem; sunflower; treatment; water
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        item: #2994 of 7527
          id: cet-12990
      author: AA.VV.
       title: CET 97
        date: 2022-12-12
       words: 3241
      flesch: 35
     summary: Figure 2: UV-vis spectra of CuNPs solutions synthesized at various conditions: (a) temperature; (b) molar ratio of copper/AA; (c) initial copper concentration; and (d) stability of CuNPs solution synthesized at the optimal conditions during 15 d (inset: photos of CuNPs solution) Figure 4: (a) UV-vis spectra; (b) Photos of CuNPs solutions using various polyol solvents (GL: glycerol; PG: propylene glycol; EG: ethylene glycol) Figure 5: (a) PXRD patterns of CuNPs synthesized in various polyol solvents (GL: glycerol; PG: propylene glycol; EG: ethylene glycol); (b) TEM micrograph of CuNPs synthesized in glycerol under optimal conditions The size and shape of CuNPs in glycerol synthesized at optimal conditions were examined by TEM analysis, showing the presence of spherical nanoparticles with small size (ca. 5 nm in mean diameter) and well-dispersion (Figure 5b).
    keywords: copper; cunps; formation; glycerol; nanoparticles; polyol; solution; synthesis
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        item: #2995 of 7527
          id: cet-12991
      author: AA.VV.
       title: CET 97
        date: 2022-12-12
       words: 3922
      flesch: 54
     summary: Waste paper aerogel obtained by using freeze-drying method showed the highest oil adsorption capacity of 24.4 g/g and can be utilized in the diaper industry because of its biodegradation (Nguyen et al., 2013). Cellulose aerogels from various sources of agricultural wastes, industrial wastes have been investigated for application in solving environmental issues.
    keywords: adsorption; aerogel; banana; capacity; cellulose; oil; paper; pva; sample; waste; water
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        item: #2996 of 7527
          id: cet-12992
      author: AA.VV.
       title: CET 97
        date: 2022-12-12
       words: 3718
      flesch: 44
     summary: It is necessary to determine the appropriate series of treatment technologies that could provide the highest P-removal at an acceptable cost while meeting the stringent effluent requirements. The influent TP (Ci=TP in ) and Qt,n are initially given in the problem while the final TP concentration (Ct,n,i=TP) is only known after the model is able to determine the appropriate series of treatment technologies.
    keywords: effluent; level; objective; optimisation; phosphorous; removal; technologies; treatment; wastewater
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        item: #2997 of 7527
          id: cet-12993
      author: AA.VV.
       title: CET 97
        date: 2022-12-12
       words: 4451
      flesch: 43
     summary: Reilly A.H., 2020, Social media, sustainability and organizations, Encyclopedia of the World’s Biomes, 5(10), 397–406. Schanes K., Giljum S., Hertwich E., 2016, Low carbon lifestyles: A framework to structure consumption strategies and options to reduce carbon footprints, Journal of Cleaner Production, 139(2016), 1033–1043. Acknowledgements The authors would like to thank Kuala Lumpur City Hall, especially LA21KL for giving permission to interview the community and residents’ members of Kebun Kejiranan Hijau LA21KL to get information, explore their experiences, and understand their enthusiasm and commitment to low carbon lifestyle practices.
    keywords: carbon; carbon lifestyle; change; climate; communities; community; environmental; informant; kuala; lifestyle; lumpur; research; sdg
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        item: #2998 of 7527
          id: cet-12994
      author: AA.VV.
       title: CET 97
        date: 2022-12-12
       words: 3810
      flesch: 43
     summary: Industry (i.e., the follower) prefers the status quo, without mandated emissions cuts nor any investment in GHG emissions mitigation technologies. Follower’s objective function (EUR/t) 0 42.44 15.51 Mandated GHG emissions reduction (t CO2/t) 0 0.071 0.058 Actual GHG emissions reduction (t CO2/t) 0 0.071 0.048 GHG emissions limit violation (t CO2/t) 0 0
    keywords: emissions; follower; function; ghg; leader; model; objective; reduction; solution; technologies
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        item: #2999 of 7527
          id: cet-12995
      author: AA.VV.
       title: CET 97
        date: 2022-12-12
       words: 3667
      flesch: 54
     summary: Step 2: Selection of Database and Property models Step 3: Screening Potential Surfactant Candidates Nonionic s urfactants database l ibrary Surfactant pure property models library STEP 4: Formulation of WIDE fuel Water database Additive database Diesel databas e Potenti al surfactant database WIDE Mixture property models library WIDE Pure property models library Step 1: Problem Definition Identi fy needs, translate needs and set target values Figure 1: Work-flow for designing water in diesel emulsion fuel 2.1 Step 1: Problem Definition Designing the WIDE fuel formulation is crucial to understanding the impact of fuel properties on the engine process. Surfactant property models predict the target properties surfactant database, while the fuel property models are used to predict the value of the target properties for fuel properties.
    keywords: diesel; emulsion; formulation; fuel; properties; property; surfactant; target; water
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        item: #3000 of 7527
          id: cet-12996
      author: AA.VV.
       title: CET 97
        date: 2022-12-12
       words: 3866
      flesch: 30
     summary: Continuous funding is required for the maintenance and operation of wastewater treatment systems (Sotelo et al. 2019). This can be achieved with decentralised wastewater treatment systems where wastewater is treated near the source of generation.
    keywords: et al; management; recovery; sanitation; systems; treatment; wastewater; wastewater management; wastewater treatment
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        item: #3001 of 7527
          id: cet-12997
      author: AA.VV.
       title: CET 97
        date: 2022-12-12
       words: 4630
      flesch: 45
     summary: A portion of the volatiles are transformed into tar, bio-oil, or pyrolysis oil. A review on catalytic-pyrolysis of coal and biomass for value-added fuel and chemicals, Energy Sources, Part A Recovery Utilization and Environmental Effects, 00, 1–7. Zhang, Q., Chang, J., Wang, T., Xu, Y., 2007, Review of biomass pyrolysis oil properties and upgrading research, Energy Conversion and Management, 48, 87–92.
    keywords: bio; catalyst; energy; et al; fobs; fuel; oil; process; production; pyrolysis; waste
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        item: #3002 of 7527
          id: cet-12998
      author: AA.VV.
       title: CET 97
        date: 2022-12-12
       words: 3714
      flesch: 48
     summary: The model for EBNH moisture content has p-values <0.05, indicating it was significant. Table 5: ANOVA result for dissolution test Factor SS MS p-value Model 37569.74 12523.25 < 0.0001 Significant A - Time 32403.52 32403.52 < 0.0001 3.5 Solubility Table 6 shows an ANOVA result for EBNH powder solubility.
    keywords: content; drying; ebnh; encapsulation; microwave; moisture; powder; solubility; time
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        item: #3003 of 7527
          id: cet-130
      author: TW
       title: cet-130
        date: 2017-10-04
       words: 4003
      flesch: 60
     summary: As can be seen, plants are correlated by inter-plant water streams and a shared regeneration unit enables the centralized operation in the park. The model for water allocation subsystem is basically revised from our recent work (Liu et al., 2016), including flowrate balance for water sources and sinks, contaminant concentration limit for water sinks, flowrate and contaminant load balance for inter-plant water streams, flowrate and contaminant load balance for centralized regenerator, and upper/lower bounds for flowrate.
    keywords: heat; p p; plant; water
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        item: #3004 of 7527
          id: cet-1300
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 1murphy.docx
        date: 2017-07-19
       words: 4165
      flesch: 53
     summary: CREA-IT, Centro di Ricerca Ingegneria e Trasformazioni agroalimentari, via della Pascolare 16, 00015, Monterotondo (ROME), Italy marcello.biocca@crea.gov.it In Central Italy, traditional soil tillage for winter cereal cultivation is based on medium depth ploughing followed by soil surface harrowing. 2.3 Operating parameters The main quality and operative parameters of each tractor-implement coupling were determined in tests performed in accordance with the protocol for the investigation of performance of soil tillage machines, proposed by ENAMA (National Farm Mechanisation Body).
    keywords: energy; harrow; implements; method; plough; power; seeder; soil; tillage; tractor; working
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        item: #3005 of 7527
          id: cet-13000
      author: AA.VV.
       title: CET 97
        date: 2022-12-12
       words: 3566
      flesch: 40
     summary: Reuver M., Alexia A., Melissa R., Angelika R., Reuver D., 2016, Designing an ICT Tooling Platform to Support SME Business Model Innovation. Schöllhammer O., Paul St., Jean-yves D., Alain E., Ali S., 2020, Adaptation of the Business Model Canvas Template to Develop Business Business Models for Circular Economy.
    keywords: business; business model; canvas; challenges; construction; industry; journal; management; model; model canvas; sme; smes
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        item: #3006 of 7527
          id: cet-13001
      author: AA.VV.
       title: CET 97
        date: 2022-12-12
       words: 3541
      flesch: 46
     summary: The major socio-economic factors influencing e-waste generation are municipal solid waste generation, population, gross domestic product, and carbon dioxide emissions. As e-waste generation is highly driven by social and economic standards, studying the socio-economic correlation of e-waste could reveal the relationship between socio-economic factors and e-waste generation for effective e-waste management (Kumar et al., 2017).
    keywords: beijing; china; correlation; generation; growth; management; socio; waste
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        item: #3007 of 7527
          id: cet-13002
      author: AA.VV.
       title: CET 97
        date: 2022-12-12
       words: 3233
      flesch: 50
     summary: The integration of P-graph with commercial process flow sheeting software has also been reported recently, where SSG implemented using Visual Basic for Applications (VBA) was used to generate alternative process networks that were then simulated with Aspen (Pimentel et al., 403 2020). Figure 1: Illustration of RO process unit 4.
    keywords: case; cost; energy; engineering; graph; process; synthesis
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        item: #3008 of 7527
          id: cet-13003
      author: AA.VV.
       title: CET 97
        date: 2022-12-12
       words: 3617
      flesch: 38
     summary: Various solid waste treatment facilities are implemented to treat the solid waste appropriately. This study aims to identify the environmental hotspots of various solid waste treatment facilities and investigate the major cause of the environmental loads.
    keywords: facilities; human; landfill; management; treatment; waste
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        item: #3009 of 7527
          id: cet-13005
      author: AA.VV.
       title: CET 97
        date: 2022-12-12
       words: 3575
      flesch: 53
     summary: CO (g) (1) 422 For glycerol methane steam reforming reaction, Figure 1a demonstrates the formation of hydrogen against temperature at various GMS ratios at 1 bar pressure. 6:1:1 GMS 9:1:1 GMS 12:1:1 GMS 1:3:1 GMS 1:6:1 GMS 1:9:1 GMS 1:12:1 GMS 1:1:3 GMS 1:1:6 GMS 1:1:9 (a) (b) 425 2CH4(g) + 2CO2(g) ↔ C2H4(g)
    keywords: gms; hydrogen; methane; production; reforming; steam; temperature
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        item: #3010 of 7527
          id: cet-13006
      author: AA.VV.
       title: CET 97
        date: 2022-12-12
       words: 4228
      flesch: 52
     summary: The % of carbon (%C) and nitrogen (%N) trends decreased as soil depth increased, ranging from 1.0– 2.8% C and 0.03–0.11 % N. Additionally, the amount of total soil organic carbon (SOC) in 100 cm soil depth was 137.79 t C ha-1. However, the pH, bulk density, %carbon, %nitrogen and total soil organic carbon in 71–100 cm soil depth were higher than in the surface soil because the background of the area was paddy field before the land was reclaimed to build the research station.
    keywords: biomass; carbon; carbon stock; depth; eco; forest; ground; ha-1; method; miyawaki; plant; soil; stock; thailand; trees
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        item: #3011 of 7527
          id: cet-13007
      author: AA.VV.
       title: CET 97
        date: 2022-12-12
       words: 3101
      flesch: 45
     summary: The comparison of the peak flow of the no LID scenario and LID scenarios is shown in Figure 4. Multiple LID scenarios have also been noted by some studies as the most effective arrangements for runoff (Yang et al., 2020) and peak flow reduction (Wang et al., 2021), although the rising costs could become an issue in further constructions (Yang et al., 2020).
    keywords: coefficient; flow; lid; peak; percentile; rainfall; reductions; runoff; scenarios; study
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        item: #3012 of 7527
          id: cet-13008
      author: AA.VV.
       title: CET 97
        date: 2022-12-12
       words: 3945
      flesch: 40
     summary: On the other hand, residents face higher operation or service fees due to the lack of specialization in managing green building facilities with the JMB. This action motivates the construction field toward green building rabidly.
    keywords: analysis; body; building; cost; cycle; green; jmb; lcc; life; life cycle; management; model; research
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        item: #3013 of 7527
          id: cet-13009
      author: AA.VV.
       title: CET 97
        date: 2022-12-12
       words: 3822
      flesch: 46
     summary: Conclusions In this study, four cases of energy systems to repower Taiz were evaluated. Because of the energy system's existing issues in Yemen, various researchers have examined the viability of renewable energy systems, identified barriers, developed solutions, and performed an analysis of data.
    keywords: case; cost; energy; power; system; usd; wind; yemen
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        item: #3014 of 7527
          id: cet-1301
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 1murphy.docx
        date: 2017-07-19
       words: 4069
      flesch: 61
     summary: 3.3 Aggregate stability The effect of tillage systems was significant on aggregate stability in 2010 and 2011 at soil depths (Table 5). Soil bulk density is usually included in minimum data sets used to evaluate tillage effects on soil quality (Karlen, 2004).
    keywords: density; disc; matter; soil; stubble; systems; tillage
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        item: #3015 of 7527
          id: cet-13010
      author: AA.VV.
       title: CET 97
        date: 2022-12-12
       words: 3849
      flesch: 51
     summary: This was due to the fact that lower coolant temperature promotes higher crystallization rate, in which the temperature difference between the feed solution and coolant becomes greater. Meanwhile, reverse osmosis (RO) is amongst the available technology in treating landfill leachate for surface discharge with an overall removal efficiency of over 90 % (for BOD, COD, TDS) (Fatima et al., 2017).
    keywords: circulation; cod; coolant; flow; ice; leachate; rate; temperature; turbidity
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        item: #3016 of 7527
          id: cet-13011
      author: AA.VV.
       title: CET 97
        date: 2022-12-12
       words: 3257
      flesch: 48
     summary: This alternative is known as amine infused hydrogel. 2.5 Regeneration of amine infused hydrogels For the first cycle, 30 wt% MEA infused AAc, SPA and AAm hydrogels underwent the CO2 capture experiment at ambient conditions.
    keywords: aac; aam; amine; capture; co2; dea; hydrogel; mea; solution; spa
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        item: #3017 of 7527
          id: cet-13012
      author: AA.VV.
       title: CET 97
        date: 2022-12-12
       words: 4507
      flesch: 45
     summary: Menthol/acetic acid (1:1) shows two probabilities of hydrogen bond interaction appeared at the same distance, where the highest interaction is between oxygen of menthol and hydrogen acetic acid and another one is the interaction between hydrogen of menthol and oxygen of acetic acid. This section will discuss three classes of NADES to gather the information regarding hydrogen bonding interaction within the system.
    keywords: atom; bond; chloride; choline; eutectic; hydrogen; interaction; nades; water
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        item: #3018 of 7527
          id: cet-13013
      author: AA.VV.
       title: CET 97
        date: 2022-12-12
       words: 4418
      flesch: 43
     summary: 3.3 Evaluation of water quality for drinking water purposes By contrasting the physicochemical characteristics and the major ion concentration of the groundwater collected in the research region with the requirements set out for national drinking water quality guidelines by MOH, the acceptability of the groundwater for consumption as drinking water was assessed. This research focuses on the hydrochemistry of groundwater samples collected from 3 different sites located in Johor, Malaysia.
    keywords: analysis; concentration; drinking; groundwater; ion; ions; limit; quality; samples; water
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        item: #3019 of 7527
          id: cet-13014
      author: AA.VV.
       title: CET 97
        date: 2022-12-12
       words: 3516
      flesch: 45
     summary: Citrus peel waste valorisation for green diesel production presents a double fold benefit. Supercritical Fluid Extraction Method was found to be the method with potential for optimum CPO yield for green diesel production.
    keywords: biomass; citrus; citrus peel; diesel; engineering; fuel; oil; peel; production; valorisation; waste
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        item: #3020 of 7527
          id: cet-13016
      author: AA.VV.
       title: CET 97
        date: 2022-12-12
       words: 3467
      flesch: 53
     summary: Recent research has focused on the examination of a two-step bioconversion process that involves;1) extraction of fermentable sugars from SCGs, and 2) conversion of sugars into fuels and/or chemicals by microbial fermentation. (b) (a) 490 Figure 3: Illustration the effects (a) of extraction temperature on sugar yield and (b) total sugars extracted per run in 1 g SCG’s 3.2 Effects of different extraction parameters on sugar yield There are a number of extraction parameters which affect the efficiency of sugar extraction, these parameters include, solvent to solids ratio, extraction time and extraction temperature.
    keywords: biofuels; coffee; extraction; grounds; high; mannose; production; scgs; sugars; wt%
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        item: #3021 of 7527
          id: cet-13017
      author: AA.VV.
       title: CET 97
        date: 2022-12-12
       words: 3273
      flesch: 46
     summary: AHP scores ECs based on customer demand paired selection criteria. AFBS criteria are available for selection.
    keywords: ahp; criteria; design; nutrient; runoff; safety; value; water
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        item: #3022 of 7527
          id: cet-13019
      author: AA.VV.
       title: CET 97
        date: 2022-12-12
       words: 3946
      flesch: 50
     summary: Table 1: Carbon reduction from using cogeneration NG boiler to produce electricity Monthly energy consumption, MEC Carbon emission, CE (t CO2-eq/mth) Total carbon emission, TCE (t CO2- eq/mth) Total carbon emission reduction, TCER (%) Before TNB electricity (kWh/mth) 1.09 × 107 Sensitivity analysis was done by altering the electricity supply from different sources such as the grid, cogeneration NG boiler, and solar PV systems.
    keywords: boiler; cogeneration; electricity; energy; kwh; mth; solar; tnb
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        item: #3023 of 7527
          id: cet-1302
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 1murphy.docx
        date: 2017-07-19
       words: 4111
      flesch: 63
     summary: As can be seen, high quality harvesting of sugar beet haulm is quite a complex task for the sugar beet industry. The two-stage gathering procedure for sugar beet haulm has recently gained the widest levels of acceptance around the world (Wang and Zhang, 2013; Wu et al., 2013).
    keywords: beet; haulm; rotor; sugar; surface; topper
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        item: #3024 of 7527
          id: cet-13020
      author: AA.VV.
       title: CET 97
        date: 2022-12-12
       words: 3229
      flesch: 48
     summary: The drive to reduce carbon emissions and offset carbon is critical to industrial decarbonisation and achieving the net zero goal. This paper investigates two key actions to reduce carbon emissions: switching to low-carbon alternatives and carbon offset.
    keywords: carbon; co2; emissions; energy; ets; greenhouse; price; system; trading
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        item: #3025 of 7527
          id: cet-13021
      author: AA.VV.
       title: CET 97
        date: 2022-12-19
       words: 3434
      flesch: 49
     summary: In the last four decades, Malaysian rice production has nearly doubled, going from 914,550 t in 1970 to 1,685,236 t in 2013, an annual gain in rice production is incompatible with consecutive years of declining productivity. Only one study compared the social-LCA of paddy rice production in Malaysia and Iran (Kalvani et al., 2022) by focusing on modern and traditional agriculture.
    keywords: cycle; farmers; life; malaysia; paddy; performance; production; rice; study
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        item: #3026 of 7527
          id: cet-13022
      author: AA.VV.
       title: CET 97
        date: 2022-12-12
       words: 3212
      flesch: 44
     summary: Similar to the composting research, the number of food waste composting research has gradually increased yearly and gained more attention in recent 10 – 15 y. It is essential to systematically study food waste composting research to understand the current global status and research trends.
    keywords: analysis; compost; figure; food; food waste; process; research; soil; trends; waste
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        item: #3027 of 7527
          id: cet-13023
      author: AA.VV.
       title: CET 97
        date: 2022-12-12
       words: 3299
      flesch: 50
     summary: The supply- demand chain for POME-to-biomethane off-site utilisation can be covering POME acquisition, AD of POME for biogas production, biogas purification for biomethane, compression of biomethane for transportation and off- site utilisation. (5) Product utilisation, with parameters like compressed biomethane pressure and price, power plant heat rate, plant capital cost, fixed operating cost and variable operating cost, and feed-in-tariff rate.
    keywords: biomethane; cbm; cost; model; pome; pressure; site; transportation; usd; utilisation; 𝐿𝐿𝐶𝐶𝑆𝑆
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        item: #3028 of 7527
          id: cet-13024
      author: AA.VV.
       title: CET 97
        date: 2022-12-12
       words: 3871
      flesch: 40
     summary: Moreover, another study on fatty acids analysis found that MBS oil is composed of 46 % of saturated fatty acids and other two types of fatty acids (Hamid et al., 2017). A recent related study mentioned that the optimum EC was 0.5 % while the optimum EVA was 4 % using mean effect and signal-to-noise measurements (Hamid et al., 2022).
    keywords: analysis; coefficient; cof; correlation; effect; eva; oil; study; temperature
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        item: #3029 of 7527
          id: cet-13025
      author: AA.VV.
       title: CET 97
        date: 2022-12-12
       words: 3988
      flesch: 59
     summary: Its potential application in jet fuel received huge interest in recent years due to its low price and widely available. These models were used to find the optimal blends of jet fuel.
    keywords: flash; freezing; fuel; hco; jet; jet fuel; model; oil; point; prediction
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        item: #3030 of 7527
          id: cet-13026
      author: AA.VV.
       title: CET 97
        date: 2022-12-12
       words: 3116
      flesch: 45
     summary: Within this context, solar tracking systems are used to maximise the panel exposure to solar radiation. The technology captures, stores and uses solar energy efficiently, employing Photovoltaic-Thermal and Thermal Solar collectors combined with underground heat storage and heat pumps.
    keywords: buildings; energy; ghg; heat; panels; power; project; pvt; resheat; system
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        item: #3031 of 7527
          id: cet-13027
      author: AA.VV.
       title: CET 97
        date: 2022-12-12
       words: 2741
      flesch: 49
     summary: In this study, Codonopsis javanica roots (CJR) were soaked in hot water in a thermostatic bath for extraction. CET 97 DOI: 10.3303/CET2297093 Paper Received: 11 August 2022; Revised: 8 October 2022; Accepted: 22 November 2022 Please cite this article as: To D.V.T., Vu D., 2022, Codonopsis javanica Root Extraction with Enzyme Support, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 97, 553-558 DOI:10.3303/CET2297093 CHEMICAL ENGINEERING TRANSACTIONS VOL.
    keywords: amylase; antioxidant; content; dpph; enzyme; extraction; javanica; saponin
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        item: #3032 of 7527
          id: cet-13028
      author: AA.VV.
       title: CET 97
        date: 2022-12-12
       words: 2316
      flesch: 40
     summary: Design of the system The developed system divides the index content into mathematical formula index and ordinary text index when indexing XHTML, HTML and other documents. Research experience on Google Scholar has shown that not dealing with mathematical formulas in references can lead to serious retrieval problems.
    keywords: documents; formula; index; information; mathml; retrieval; system; text
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        item: #3033 of 7527
          id: cet-13029
      author: raffaella
       title: None
        date: 2022-12-15
       words: 4064
      flesch: 52
     summary: The components of coal ash oxide from coal samples from power plants that were identified using the Philips PW2404 X-ray fluorescence (XRF) spectrometer are shown in Table 4. 2.5 Determination of calorific value The ISO 1928 (2009) method was used to measure high CV when burning coal samples in a bomb calorimeter.
    keywords: ash; boiler; carbon; coal; combustion; concentration; content; efficiency; emissions; nitrogen; sample
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        item: #3034 of 7527
          id: cet-1303
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 1murphy.docx
        date: 2017-07-19
       words: 3255
      flesch: 47
     summary: andrea.proto@unirc.it Different logging systems (or harvesting systems) can be used for wood extraction. Cable logging system is typically carried out on steep slopes and other rough terrain.
    keywords: cable; environmental; extraction; harvesting; impact; logging; site; skidder; systems
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        item: #3035 of 7527
          id: cet-13030
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-13030
        date: 2022-12-15
       words: 3082
      flesch: 53
     summary: Tencio R., 2017, Guía de elaboración y aplicación de bioinsumos para una producción agrícola sostenible. Restrepo-Correa S., Pineda-Meneses E., Ríos-Osorio L., 2017, Mecanismos de acción de hongos y bacterias empleados como biofertilizantes en suelos agrícolas: una revisión sistemática, Corpoica Ciencia y Tecnología Agropecuaria, 18, 335.
    keywords: analysis; biol; crop; density; plant; radish; stomatal; table; yield
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        item: #3036 of 7527
          id: cet-1304
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 1murphy.docx
        date: 2017-07-19
       words: 3124
      flesch: 55
     summary: Water consumption of warm season turf species is 20 % to 45 % lower than that of cool season turf species (Kim et Beard, 1988; Volterrani and De Bertoldi, 2012). Conversely, the maximum growth of warm season turf species in Mediterranean climate occurs during summer, with a dormancy period during winter.
    keywords: plants; season; soil; species; transplanting; turf; turfgrass; working
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        item: #3037 of 7527
          id: cet-1305
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 1murphy.docx
        date: 2017-07-19
       words: 2602
      flesch: 55
     summary: Thus, direct flaming could be an interesting opportunity for a selective weed control in these species, which can be very DOI: 10.3303/CET1758041 Please cite this article as: Fontanelli M., Frasconi C., Raffaelli M., Martelloni L., Abou Chehade L., Peruzzi A., 2017, Can flaming be performed as selective weed control treatment in turfgrass?, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 58, 241-246 DOI: 10.3303/CET1758041 241 sensitive to weed competition in the first developing stages especially in untilled soil. Figure 1: Test bench flaming treatment performed on a tray containing four warm season turfgrasses plants.
    keywords: biomass; flaming; ha-1; treatment; weed
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        item: #3038 of 7527
          id: cet-1306
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 1murphy.docx
        date: 2017-07-19
       words: 2710
      flesch: 54
     summary: From all the theoretical and experimental studies about pressure distribution over tillage tools, it can be concluded that the soil pressure is irregular, increases with the soil shear strength, it is DOI: 10.3303/CET1758042 Please cite this article as: Varani M., Mattetti M., Molari G., Morelli F., 2017, Experimental evaluation of the soil pressure distribution on plough parts, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 58, 247-252 DOI: 10.3303/CET1758042 247 quadratically correlated with the speed. Moreover, the mean pressure values on the plough share acquired at 5.8 km/h are the 30% higher than those measured at 3.5 km/h. Figure 2: Pressure distribution at 30 cm of ploughing depth and at 2 km/h. 249 Figure 3: Pressure distribution at 30 cm of ploughing depth and at 3.5 km/h. Figure 4: Pressure distribution at 30 cm of ploughing depth and at 5.8 km/h.
    keywords: depth; mean; ploughing; pressure; soil; speed; wear
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        item: #3039 of 7527
          id: cet-1307
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 1murphy.docx
        date: 2017-07-19
       words: 3091
      flesch: 48
     summary: A mesocosm experiment was set for testing the influence of the organic fertilization on capsaicin content in Capsicum chinense cv Trinidad Scorpion. In relation to the importance of capsaicin for pharmacological aspects, the aim of this work was to evaluate the influence of the fertilization - organic vs mineral - on capsaicin content in Trinidad Moruga Scorpion (TMS) chili.
    keywords: capsaicin; chili; content; fertilization; fraction; organic; peppers; treatment
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        item: #3040 of 7527
          id: cet-1308
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 1murphy.docx
        date: 2017-07-19
       words: 3418
      flesch: 56
     summary: Crop load adjustment through fruit thinning is a commercial practice to obtain a marketable product (Costa and Vizzotto, 2010; Rettke and Dahlenburg, 1999). The present study was carried out to test this new thinner machine (Figure 1) on a commercial apricot orchard, to identify the working speed best combining fruit thinning with the minimum damages to the canopy, and to assess the time saving compared with the only hand thinning operation.
    keywords: apricot; branches; fruit; hand; length; machine; s-1; speed; thinning; working
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        item: #3041 of 7527
          id: cet-1309
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 1murphy.docx
        date: 2017-07-19
       words: 4096
      flesch: 48
     summary: DOI: 10.3303/CET1758045 Please cite this article as: Faugno S., Quaquarelli I., Civitarese V., Crimaldi M., Sannino M., Ricciardiello G., Caracciolo G., Assirelli A., 2017, Two steps arundo donax l harvesting in south italy, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 58, 265-270 DOI: 10.3303/CET1758045 265 To optimize the collection and management process of Arundo biomass the baling technique was tested (Pari et al., 2016). The first step was cutting and grinding biomass crops with a specific shredder rear-mounted on an agricultural tractor.
    keywords: arundo; baling; biomass; consumption; donax; energy; field; harvesting; moisture; speed; system; thesis
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        item: #3042 of 7527
          id: cet-131
      author: TW
       title: cet-131
        date: 2017-10-04
       words: 3531
      flesch: 49
     summary: In order to investigate the generating process and characteristics of pressure waves, the effect of the bend pipe on pressure wave is neglected and the pressure wave generator system can be reduced to five parts, including an upstream pipe (length: Lu = 5,000 mm, diameter: Although many studies have been published concerning the applications of the pressure wave and generator and qualitative analysis of pressure wave characteristics, a little of research has been done on generating controllable pressure wave and theory analysis of pressure wave generator are inconsistent in different literatures.
    keywords: figure; frequency; generator; pressure; rotor; velocity; wave
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        item: #3043 of 7527
          id: cet-1310
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 1murphy.docx
        date: 2017-07-19
       words: 4041
      flesch: 60
     summary: Welch F test of fresh biomass: df: 13.53, F: 104.2, p: 0.000*. Results 3.1 Yield and size characteristics of the crops The genotypic means of aboveground dry biomass production, taken at the end of the first rotation coppice, are exhibited in Table 1.
    keywords: biomass; chips; content; coppice; moisture; production; rotation; size; species
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        item: #3044 of 7527
          id: cet-1311
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 1murphy.docx
        date: 2017-07-19
       words: 3066
      flesch: 55
     summary: They allowed to measure the accelerations on the plants during mechanical grape harvest with three different shaking frequencies: 7.6, 7.9 and 8 Hz, and then to evaluate their influence on the main quality characteristics of the musts obtained. Eng. DOI 10.1007/s11465-015-0347-9. Pezzi F., Caprara C., 2009, Mechanical grape harvesting: investigation of the transmission of vibrations, Biosystems Engineering, 103, 281-286.
    keywords: axis; frequency; grapes; harvest; mechanical; sphere; tests
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        item: #3045 of 7527
          id: cet-1312
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 1murphy.docx
        date: 2017-07-19
       words: 3297
      flesch: 54
     summary: The development and current status of perennial rhizomatous grasses as energy crops in the US and Europe. In this paper, given that biomass energy crops are directly connected to transportation issues, the effect of the two main distances that contribute to this system’s energy balance (i.e. the distance from farm to field and the one from field to biomass storage facilities) is estimated given various distances.
    keywords: biomass; crop; energy; field; production; switchgrass; year
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        item: #3046 of 7527
          id: cet-1313
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 1murphy.docx
        date: 2017-07-19
       words: 3089
      flesch: 48
     summary: In Sørensen et al. (2014), by examining different cultivation practices it was shown that the total energy input in crop production systems compared to the conventional intensive tillage based production system was decreased by 26% when the reduced tillage system was implemented and by 41% for the no-tillage system. Comparing energy crops for biogas production – Yields, energy input and costs in cultivation using digestate and mineral fertilisation, Biomass and Bioenergy, 64, 199– 210.
    keywords: biomass; crops; energy; field; operations; production; requirements; system; tool
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        item: #3047 of 7527
          id: cet-1314
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 1murphy.docx
        date: 2017-07-19
       words: 2925
      flesch: 60
     summary: Prismatic (a) and cylindrical (b) bale machine 3. Good management and proper equipment usage can help reducing these losses and preserve forage quality.
    keywords: bale; consumption; forage; fuel; harvesting; hay; mower; prismatic; quality
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        item: #3048 of 7527
          id: cet-1315
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 1murphy.docx
        date: 2017-07-19
       words: 4420
      flesch: 55
     summary: Simulations and trials conducted in order to estimate the gas consumption showed that VRA cross flaming weed control enables to spare an amount of LPG that can vary from 55% (Pérez-Ruiz et al., 2015) to 65% (Emmi, 2014), respect to conventional cross flaming treatments performed in a continuous way. 4. Estimation of the ignition delay The ignition process of the burner is not instantaneous, the knowing of the delay time requested by this procedure is crucial for the synchronization of the overall system for automatic VRA flaming system (Emmi, 2014).
    keywords: flame; flaming; ignition; lpg; machine; row; system; vra; weed
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        item: #3049 of 7527
          id: cet-1316
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 1murphy.docx
        date: 2017-07-19
       words: 4186
      flesch: 52
     summary: Additionally, small fields usually do not have high field lengths, so these are not unnecessarily wanted to be even shortened. Arable farmers focus on high field lengths with high shares of process times whereas livestock or biogas farmers rather focus on the application of oarganic manure with the influencing network of roads and paths through the landscape.
    keywords: beet; farmers; farms; field; harvest; infield; influences; logistics; sugar; working
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        item: #3050 of 7527
          id: cet-1317
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 1murphy.docx
        date: 2017-07-19
       words: 3394
      flesch: 49
     summary: The effectiveness of this approach has been demonstrated by means of a numerical application, which allowed to calculate the cost/quality tradeoff for different supply chain policies. The managerial challenge, hence, is to ensure a superior product quality, by employing an inventory management policy which allows to achieve a proper compromise between costs and product quality.
    keywords: chain; inventory; management; products; quality; supply
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        item: #3051 of 7527
          id: cet-1318
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 1murphy.docx
        date: 2017-07-19
       words: 2376
      flesch: 57
     summary: Additionally, helicopter yarding costs are examined and compared to those of a cable crane. This study aims to analyse helicopter transport according to service sector type provided by a single Italian company.
    keywords: cable; cost; crane; forest; helicopter; transport; use; yarding
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        item: #3052 of 7527
          id: cet-1319
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 1murphy.docx
        date: 2017-07-19
       words: 4124
      flesch: 56
     summary: DOI: 10.3303/CET1758055 Please cite this article as: Vursavus K., Kesilmis Z., Oztekin B., 2017, Nondestructive dropped fruit impact test for assessing tomato firmness, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 58, 325-330 DOI: 10.3303/CET1758055 325 Magness-Taylor test, which is called as destructive measurement is a classical method and commonly used for measuring the fruit flesh firmness. The loss of fruit firmness is a physiological process that occurs during fruit maturation/ripening on the tree, during cold storage and retail handling (Valero et al., 2007).
    keywords: firmness; force; fruit; impact; mlr; model; parameters; slr; test; tomato
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        item: #3053 of 7527
          id: cet-132
      author: TW
       title: cet-132
        date: 2017-10-04
       words: 3015
      flesch: 47
     summary: outin ExExI  (4) in out Ex Ex  (5) 2.2 Potential process improvements based on exergy analysis Industrial applications of exergy efficiency and exergy loss analysis are investigated to identify the thermodynamic shortcomings of the processes. Excessive temperature difference is the main reason to cause the large values of exergy loss for both H6 and H12.
    keywords: analysis; efficiency; exergy; heat; hen; loss; processes
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        item: #3054 of 7527
          id: cet-1320
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 1murphy.docx
        date: 2017-07-19
       words: 3322
      flesch: 44
     summary: Based on grapes quality, wineries often enforce a price penalty downgrading the grapes value imposing a severe reduction of vine growers’ income. The botrytis bunch rot was evaluated in white wine grapes by Hill et al. (2014) comparing four quantification methods: digital image analysis, near-infrared (1260-1370 nm) and mid-infrared (8760-9520 nm) spectroscopy, and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction.
    keywords: grape; infrared; nir; quality; samples; spectroscopy; wine
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        item: #3055 of 7527
          id: cet-1321
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 1murphy.docx
        date: 2017-07-19
       words: 2672
      flesch: 61
     summary: Adhesive pads were attached to the sides of sweet potato samples that were cut at both ends and were uniform in height, and changes in impedance were measured over time during baking. Mariangela Vallone Copyright © 2017, AIDIC Servizi S.r.l. ISBN 978-88-95608-52-5; ISSN 2283-9216 Impedance Analysis of Sweet Potato Tuberous Roots Accompanying Heating Eri Takatori*, Tadashi Chosa, Seishu Tojo Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-8-1 Harumi-cho, Fuchu, Tokyo, Japan chosa@cc.tuat.ac.jp We examined whether electrical impedance analysis could be used to monitor the state of sweet potatoes while they are being baked.
    keywords: impedance; potatoes; sample; sweet; treatment
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        item: #3056 of 7527
          id: cet-1322
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 1murphy.docx
        date: 2017-07-19
       words: 3779
      flesch: 49
     summary: The energy requirement in kWh/t at different freezing air temperature and speed is shown in Table 3. The half cooling time for freezing grape at different air temperature and speed is shown in Table 2.
    keywords: air; cabernet; freezing; grape; process; sangiovese; temperature; withering
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        item: #3057 of 7527
          id: cet-1323
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 1murphy.docx
        date: 2017-07-19
       words: 3772
      flesch: 38
     summary: In Europe, the Directive 2002/44/EC states that employers are required to take action to control vibration exposures that exceed a prescribed level of vibration (the action value) and state the maximum vibration exposure (exposure limit) that a worker can be exposed to (Table 1). The evaluation of vibration exposure in accordance with ISO 5349 is finally based on a quantity that combines all the three axes.
    keywords: acceleration; data; exposure; monitoring; system; time; values; vibration; wireless; workers
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        item: #3058 of 7527
          id: cet-1324
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 65benalia.docx
        date: 2017-07-31
       words: 2714
      flesch: 46
     summary: Images were then, pre-treated for white balance as well as chromatic correction using a profile specifically created with Colorchecker Passport Software (X-Rite Inc, USA), and subsequently analysed using Food-Color Inspector 3.5 (Cofilab) software, which allowed obtaining the segmentation models for colour olive images and the subsequent analysis of their features. DOI: 10.4081/jae.2013.(s1):e63 COI (International Olive Council), 2011, Guide for the determination of the characteristics of oil olives, COI/OH/Doc.
    keywords: analysis; area; cie; computer; image; olive; ripening; vision
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        item: #3059 of 7527
          id: cet-1325
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 1murphy.docx
        date: 2017-07-19
       words: 3283
      flesch: 60
     summary: 2.8 Free Fatty Acid (FFA) Content Determination of Soursop seed oils The Free Fatty Acids (FFA) was obtained using the standard recommended by the Association of Official Analytical chemist (AOAC, 1984), FFA value was then obtained using Eq (4) = ( ) × (Oil yield) 364 3.2 Oil Properties The values obtained for the various oil properties for Soursop seed oil are as presented in Table 3.
    keywords: content; moisture; oil; properties; seeds; soursop; value; yield
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        item: #3060 of 7527
          id: cet-1326
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 1murphy.docx
        date: 2017-07-19
       words: 3087
      flesch: 62
     summary: 6. Results and Discussion 6.1 Performance Tests The performance testing of Bambara shelling machine was carried out using bambara groundnuts which were randomly selected from a lot purchased from Eke Awka, market, Awka in Anambra State of Nigeria. akindelealonge@uniuyo.edu.ng A centrifugal Bambara groundnut pod shelling machine was earlier designed and constructed to crack various sizes and varieties of Bambara groundnut.
    keywords: bambara; content; efficiency; groundnut; machine; moisture; pods
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        item: #3061 of 7527
          id: cet-1327
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 1murphy.docx
        date: 2017-07-19
       words: 3165
      flesch: 55
     summary: The following Eq(1) has been used in this study (Faugno et al., 2016; Unquiche et al., 2008; Karaj and Muller, 2011) ∗ 100 (1) with Oy as oil extraction yield in % (w/w); Hemp oil seed extraction is usually carried out by mechanical cold-pressing methods in order to preserve oil quality (Da Porto et al., 2011).
    keywords: extraction; hemp; oil; press; screw; seeds; speed; temperature; yield
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        item: #3062 of 7527
          id: cet-1328
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 140hoffmann_correction_2018.docx
        date: 2018-10-10
       words: 3311
      flesch: 57
     summary: Therefore, the aim of this study is to test a first calibration for processed soybeans that can be used for optimizing the heat treatment at decentral soybean processing plants. Also comparing the statistical values to other soybean calibrations or other calibrations in general, the established statistical parameters of this calibration show good results (Delwiche et al. 2006; Krapf et al. 2011;
    keywords: calibration; exp; infrared; processing; samples; soybeans; spectra; tia; treatment
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        item: #3063 of 7527
          id: cet-1329
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 1murphy.docx
        date: 2017-07-19
       words: 3352
      flesch: 54
     summary: Mehrubeoglu M., Cote G.L., 1997, Determination of total reducing sugars in potato samples using near- infrared spectroscopy, Cereal Foods World 42(5), 409-413. Naes T., Isaksson T., Fearn, T., Davies T., Eds., 2002, A user friendly guide to multivariate calibration and classification. 4. Conclusions Quantitative analyses of different potato compounds have shown that good PLS regression models could be obtained for the prediction of nitrogen and TSP in a large collection of potato varieties.
    keywords: content; model; nitrogen; pls; potato; prediction; samples; tsp; year
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        item: #3064 of 7527
          id: cet-133
      author: TW
       title: cet-133
        date: 2017-10-04
       words: 3806
      flesch: 52
     summary: The layout design of industrial plant and area is a complex and significant problem. Researches using Dow’s method on layout problem is mature in plant level, but very few works are focus on the industrial area level.
    keywords: area; dow; hazards; layout; level; method; plant; process
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        item: #3065 of 7527
          id: cet-1330
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 1murphy.docx
        date: 2017-07-19
       words: 3657
      flesch: 44
     summary: Van Zeebroeck M., Tijskens E., Dintwa E., Kafashan J., Loodts J., De Baerdemaeker J., Ramon H., 2006, The discrete element method (DEM) to simulate fruit impact damage during transport and handling: Case study of vibration damage during apple bulk transport, Postharvest Biology and Technology, 41, 92–100. García-Ramos F.J., Ortiz-Cañavate J., Ruiz-Altisent M., 2003, Decelerator elements for ramp transfer points in fruit packing lines, Journal of Food Engineering, 59, 331–337.
    keywords: acceleration; fruits; impacts; lines; machines; number; packing; system
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        item: #3066 of 7527
          id: cet-1331
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 1murphy.docx
        date: 2017-07-19
       words: 4866
      flesch: 68
     summary: 3. Results and Discussion Weight loss of fresh-cut MAP fruit increased gradually during 12 days of cold storage, especially in CTR fruit that showed higher values than MAP treatment (Table 1). Nevertheless, with a good initial product, the quality characteristics of fresh fruit may be prolonged.
    keywords: ctr; cut; days; fruit; mango; map; orange; pineapple; quality; storage; values
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        item: #3067 of 7527
          id: cet-1332
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 1murphy.docx
        date: 2017-07-19
       words: 4575
      flesch: 61
     summary: Lichter A., Zutahy Y., Kaplunov T., Lurie S., 2008, Evaluation of table grape storage in boxes with sulfur dioxide releasing pads with either an internal plastic liner or external wrap, HortTechnology, 18, 206–214. Piazzolla F., Pati S., Amodio M. L., Colelli G., 2016, Effect of harvest time on table grape quality during on vine storage, Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture, 96(1), 131-139, DOI: 10.1002%2Fjsfa.7072.
    keywords: berries; days; grape; life; postharvest; quality; rachis; red; so2; storage; table; values
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        item: #3068 of 7527
          id: cet-1333
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 1murphy.docx
        date: 2017-07-19
       words: 3370
      flesch: 58
     summary: Figure 1 Weight loss (%) of fruit slices of ‘Ruby Rich®’ peach harvested and processed at the following stages: commercially ripe (MG) and ripe on tree (RP) both stored for 3, 5, 7 and 12 d at 5 °C. Evolution of chemical and physical parameters for fruit slices of ‘Ruby Rich®’ peach harvested and processed at commercial ripeness (MG) and ripe on tree (RP), stored 3, 5, 7 and 12 d. at 5 °C.
    keywords: cut; fruit; peach; quality; ruby; slices; storage
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        item: #3069 of 7527
          id: cet-1334
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 1murphy.docx
        date: 2017-07-19
       words: 3894
      flesch: 58
     summary: After 12 days of cold storage treatment RRF fruits reaching the best values of L*a*b demonstrating that the RR treatment has helped the fruit to keep color characteristics. In conclusion, it can be said that the rapid cooling treatment technology allows to limit the loss of fruit color compared to not treated fruits with the advantage of presenting to the consumer a more attractive external appearance.
    keywords: days; fruit; life; litchi; map; rrf; shelf; storage
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        item: #3070 of 7527
          id: cet-1335
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 1murphy.docx
        date: 2017-07-19
       words: 4779
      flesch: 58
     summary: Lichter, A., Zutahy Y., Kaplunov T., Lurie S., 2008, Evaluation of table grape storage in boxes with sulfur dioxide releasing pads with either an internal plastic liner or external wrap, HortTechnology, 18, 206–214. Introduction Several studies have been carried out, so far, on table grapes; particularly, recent researches have focused on new methods for extending storage shelf life of cultivars bred in the major producing countries.
    keywords: consumers; globe; grape; italia; red; sensory; so2; storage; table; treatment
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        item: #3071 of 7527
          id: cet-1336
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 1murphy.docx
        date: 2017-07-19
       words: 2807
      flesch: 56
     summary: Thus, understanding the changes in cap buoyancy could help to improve the pomace cap management. During the alcoholic fermentation, the cap changes the force against the load cell as results of the change in cap buoyancy.
    keywords: buoyancy; cap; fermentation; force; pomace; pomace cap
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        item: #3072 of 7527
          id: cet-1337
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 1murphy.docx
        date: 2017-07-19
       words: 3012
      flesch: 54
     summary: Many studies have been performed on pomegranate juice yield demonstrating its influence on the organoleptic and physicochemical properties of the juice (Fischer et al., 2013; Koppel et al., 2014, Türkyılmaz et al., 2013). Pomegranate juice has many health properties as the fruits contain anticarcinogenic, antimicrobial and antiviral compounds.
    keywords: activity; extraction; juice; pomegranate; properties; solution
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        item: #3073 of 7527
          id: cet-1338
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 1murphy.docx
        date: 2017-07-19
       words: 3942
      flesch: 46
     summary: Considering these factors, the main objective of the present study was to evaluate the influence of the malaxer headspace oxygen concentration on EVOO fatty acids composition from cv. The results show that oxygen content in the malaxer headspace, in different time-points and concentrations during the process, influences EVOO fatty acids composition.
    keywords: acid; composition; evoo; fatty; machine; malaxation; min; oil; olive; oxygen
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        item: #3074 of 7527
          id: cet-1339
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 1murphy.docx
        date: 2017-07-19
       words: 3666
      flesch: 56
     summary: Conclusions The goal of this study was to detect the VOCs emitted by different wood pellets (commercial and not). To analyze the Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) emitted from wood pellets, 21 samples have been collected in triplicate.
    keywords: analysis; biomass; pca; pellets; production; quality; samples; spruce; vocs; wood
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        item: #3075 of 7527
          id: cet-134
      author: TW
       title: cet-134
        date: 2017-10-04
       words: 3394
      flesch: 43
     summary: DOI: 10.3303/CET1761081 Please cite this article as: Zhai C., Wang R., Ren Z., Sun W., 2017, Dynamic optimization of fed-batch fermentation with constraint on wastewater discharge, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 61, 499-504 DOI:10.3303/CET1761081 499 In this paper, the numerical dynamic optimization methods and algorithms of the penicillin process are re- studied, particularly, when the process is under the constraint of wastewater discharge. The optimal profile (without wastewater constraint) tends to maintain with high broth level at the end run to obtain as much penicillin product as possible.
    keywords: batch; constraint; discharge; fed; fermentation; optimization; penicillin; process; wastewater
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        item: #3076 of 7527
          id: cet-1340
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 1murphy.docx
        date: 2017-07-19
       words: 3312
      flesch: 51
     summary: Our results, in spite of the widespread prejudices involving an overestimation of damages due to low olive fly infestation, are very close to recent studies on correlation between olive fly attacks and olive oil quality. 453 Figure 2: Correlation between the percentage of B. oleae exit holes at harvest and free acidity of olive oil; the regression analysis is highly significant (see Table 1).
    keywords: exit; exit holes; harvest; holes; infestation; oil; oleae; olive; quality
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        item: #3077 of 7527
          id: cet-1341
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 1murphy.docx
        date: 2017-07-19
       words: 3052
      flesch: 54
     summary: Physical-chemical characteristics for fresh fruit pulp at day six of post-harvest. Pulp conservation treatments.
    keywords: characteristics; chemical; colombia; control; curuba; fruit; pulp; treatments
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        item: #3078 of 7527
          id: cet-1342
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 1murphy.docx
        date: 2017-07-19
       words: 3098
      flesch: 53
     summary: (2013) states that important strategies have to be considered in order to secure safe production of food and fibers to feed the population, moving along a constant interaction between scientific and technical progress, while energy production is in great need and any development has to take into account to highest efficiency and low production costs. By doing that, there will be a new clean source for energy generation for Mexican highlands and at the same time hands-on a technology that allows to care for the environment.
    keywords: biodigester; biogas; energy; manure; matter; process; production; rural; salinas; substrate; water
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        item: #3079 of 7527
          id: cet-1343
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 1murphy.docx
        date: 2017-07-19
       words: 3567
      flesch: 42
     summary: With PV trend, national and regional administrations have planned several limitations useful to prevent speculative episodes regarding PV greenhouses (GSE, 2014). 470 3. Results The distribution of PV systems on greenhouses and their energy production pointed out on a regional basis that Sardinia, Sicily and Puglia are those with higher values of PV greenhouses (GSE - statistical Report 2014) (table 1).
    keywords: area; energy; greenhouses; italy; land; plants; sealing; soil
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        item: #3080 of 7527
          id: cet-1344
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 1murphy.docx
        date: 2017-07-19
       words: 3064
      flesch: 49
     summary: Hydrogen fermentation sludge contains much VFAs and secondary treatment such as methane fermentation is usually necessary. 476 2.5 Hydrogen fermentation sludge analysis The pH of hydrogen fermentation sludge was measured by a pH meter (TOADKK, HM-21P).
    keywords: 0.5mpa; acid; fermentation; hcw; hydrogen; sludge; treatment
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        item: #3081 of 7527
          id: cet-1345
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 1murphy.docx
        date: 2017-07-19
       words: 2329
      flesch: 42
     summary: Respect to camelina, seed flax production is responsible for higher environmental impact for OD (+4%, due to higher amount of seed used at sowing). Figure 1: System boundary of the biodiesel production process Primary inventory data were collected concerning seed production, pressing and transesterification yield.
    keywords: biodiesel; camelina; flax; impact; oil; pressing; production; seed
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        item: #3082 of 7527
          id: cet-1346
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 1murphy.docx
        date: 2017-07-19
       words: 2985
      flesch: 50
     summary: Results of the economic analysis of the proposed model for the valorisation of BSG through the production of fuel pellets were summarized in Table 2, Figures 1 and 2. Figure 1: Percentage breakdown of annual operating costs of the small plant of pellets production in relation to 1,600 h y-1 of usage 489 Figure 1 shows the relative contribution of the single items on the managing costs of the pelletizing plant, whereas Table 2 shows the main elements and the costs calculated for three different levels of plant capacity utilisation. The paper also reports the technical and economic analysis of the design solution feasibility linked to the production of BSG pellets for energy use.
    keywords: bsg; content; costs; grain; pellets; plant; production; y-1
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        item: #3083 of 7527
          id: cet-1347
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 1murphy.docx
        date: 2017-07-19
       words: 3350
      flesch: 41
     summary: This article covers the study of LCA of biofuel from Jatropha Curcas oil by using “from cradle to grave” approach, which evaluates the eco-efficiency and measures the environmental impacts generated in the production of this biofuel. The second stage is focused on the process of conversion of Jatropha Curcas oil into biodiesel.
    keywords: biodiesel; curcas; cycle; impact; jatropha; life; oil; production; stage
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        item: #3084 of 7527
          id: cet-1348
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 1murphy.docx
        date: 2017-07-19
       words: 2928
      flesch: 41
     summary: Furthermore, the amount of heat energy required at temperatures lower than 100 °C is equal to about 10 % of the total heat load. On the contrary, this choice provides for the possibility of a cycle combined with an post-burner: in fact it is not appropriate to size the cogeneration plant to meet the whole needed heat power because this would result in to high surplus of electrical energy produced such as not to justify the economic convenience.
    keywords: chp; cogeneration; energy; heat; microturbines; plant; power
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        item: #3085 of 7527
          id: cet-1349
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 1murphy.docx
        date: 2017-07-19
       words: 3780
      flesch: 47
     summary: Literature evidences show that under nitrogen atmosphere pyrolysis temperature affects both the behavior of PTEs during the thermal treatment (Stals et al., 2010; Lievens et al., 2008) and the bioavailability of PTEs in the char (Buss et al., 2016). Na Al P K Ca Mg Fe Cd Cu Pb Zn mg/kg dry basis Branches 206 248 468 4477 9407 836 132 2 8 60 50 Leaves 573 1854 1088 3596 38015 2325 477 10 63 423 118 3.2 Pyrolysis test Figure 1, panels a and b, shows the products yields obtained from pyrolysis tests of branches and leaves, respectively, at three different temperatures 653, 753 and 873 K. For both the samples, the char yield decreases with pyrolysis temperature due to the increased loss of condensable volatiles (indicated in the figure as “liquid”) and permanent gases (indicated in the figure as “gas”).
    keywords: biomass; branches; char; concentration; leaves; metals; pyrolysis; temperature
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        item: #3086 of 7527
          id: cet-135
      author: TW
       title: cet-135
        date: 2017-10-04
       words: 2734
      flesch: 49
     summary: The correlation between process variables and radiant coil surface temperatures are analysed according to the structural characteristics and the process information of ethylene cracking furnace, and the process variables with high correlation to the radiant coil surface temperatures are recognized. Radiant coil surface temperature predicted by the regression model can be regarded as the indices of coking degree in the radiant coil, which can provide a reference for decoking plan.
    keywords: coil; data; furnace; group; surface; temperature; variables
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        item: #3087 of 7527
          id: cet-1350
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 1murphy.docx
        date: 2017-07-19
       words: 3198
      flesch: 57
     summary: In this paper, the performance of the stand-alone renewable energy systems for greenhouse heating during the winter season was analyzed. Keywords: Stand alone renewable energy system; Ground source heat pump; Hydrogen burner; Greenhouses heating.
    keywords: cell; efficiency; energy; greenhouse; heat; heating; hydrogen; power; pump; system
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        item: #3088 of 7527
          id: cet-1351
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 1murphy.docx
        date: 2017-07-19
       words: 3143
      flesch: 51
     summary: The study focused on the energetic demand required by the briquettes production and on briquettes density and durability, being the properties that mostly affect briquettes quality during handling, transportation and storage. 520 Table 1: Specific compression energy values (kJ kg-1) of PC, CC and MC obtained using different pressure levels (20, 30, 50, 80 and 110 MPa).
    keywords: biomass; briquettes; compression; density; durability; energy; pressure
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        item: #3089 of 7527
          id: cet-1352
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 1murphy.docx
        date: 2017-07-19
       words: 2503
      flesch: 44
     summary: Applying at the regional scale a previously developed model to evaluate the technical and economic feasibility of SHP plants in existing irrigation systems, this paper estimates the theoretical energy production and the economic performances of SHP plants installed in the WUAs operating in Calabria. SHP plants, showing easy operation and maintenance, cheap electricity generation prices and environmentally sustainability (Laghari et al., 2013; Yah et al., 2017), are considered excellent options for rural electrification in remote and decentralised areas, characterized by proper potential or existing irrigation systems (Cavazzini et al., 2016).
    keywords: energy; irrigation; plants; power; shp; systems
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        item: #3090 of 7527
          id: cet-1353
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 1murphy.docx
        date: 2017-07-19
       words: 3470
      flesch: 52
     summary: To this aim, citrus producing areas and citrus production as well as the average percentage of citrus pulp production and its availability were computed for each municipality. Particularly, the computation of an index, which describes the level of availability of citrus pulp obtained at regional level (Figure 1), highlighted that the province of Catania has the highest potential production of citrus pulp. Figure 1: Geographic position of the study area and the index of citrus pulp availability at the regional level.
    keywords: biogas; catania; citrus; citrus pulp; data; processing; production; pulp; study
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        item: #3091 of 7527
          id: cet-1354
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 1murphy.docx
        date: 2017-07-19
       words: 4313
      flesch: 64
     summary: The ash content values of Brassica carinata residues were found to be similar to reference values. Scarlat N., Martinov M., Dallemand J.F., 2010, Assessment of the availability of agricultural crop residues in the European Union: potential and limitations for bioenergy use, Waste Manag.
    keywords: agricultural; biomass; brassica; carinata; content; crop; energy; pellet; residues; yield
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        item: #3092 of 7527
          id: cet-1355
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 1murphy.docx
        date: 2017-07-19
       words: 3281
      flesch: 41
     summary: Two main groups were defined during this analysis: species established in Colombia and species not yet reported in Colombia. Meanwhile, species not yet reported in Colombia were related to family Leguminosae, Myrtaceae, Paulowniaceae, Pinaceae and Poaceae.
    keywords: biomass; cauca; colombia; energy; potential; production; species; year
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        item: #3093 of 7527
          id: cet-1356
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 1murphy.docx
        date: 2017-07-19
       words: 2992
      flesch: 41
     summary: Conclusions In this paper, simulation studies about reactive distillation column for ethyl acetate process was developed. Huang K., Iwakabe K., Nakaiwa M., Tsutsumi A., 2005, Toward further internal heat integration in design of reactive distillation columns – Part
    keywords: acetate; column; distillation; energy; ethyl; heat; section
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        item: #3094 of 7527
          id: cet-1357
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 1murphy.docx
        date: 2017-07-19
       words: 4061
      flesch: 42
     summary: Comparetti A., Greco C., Navickas K., Venslauskas K., 2012, Evaluation of potential biogas production in Sicily, Proceedings of the 11 th International Scientific Conference “Engineering for Rural Development”, Jelgava, Latvia, 24-25 May 2012, 555-559. The potential biogas production (Bm) from animal manure has been determined according to the following Eq. (1): ∙ (1) where: bm specific biogas yield of manure and slurry mass unit, m 3 t -1; mm manure and slurry mass of each animal type, t. 554 Based on the bm of swine (15 m 3 t -1), bovine (80 m3 t -1) and avian (84 m3 t -1), the Bm was computed (Du Pont Pioneer, 2016).
    keywords: animal; biogas; biomethane; energy; livestock; malta; manure; mediterranean; potential; production; slurry
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        item: #3095 of 7527
          id: cet-1358
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 1murphy.docx
        date: 2017-07-19
       words: 3441
      flesch: 46
     summary: 563 Comparetti A., Greco C., Navickas K., Venslauskas K., 2012, Evaluation of potential biogas production in Sicily, Proceedings of the 11th International Scientific Conference “Engineering for Rural Development”, Jelgava, Latvia, 24-25 May 2012, 555-559. Thus, prinkly pear has a great potential as bioenergy raw material and its relative importance is likely to increase as terrestrial crop production areas become warmer and drier in the future.
    keywords: areas; biogas; energy; pear; potential; prinkly; production; sicilian
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        item: #3096 of 7527
          id: cet-1359
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 1murphy.docx
        date: 2017-07-19
       words: 3494
      flesch: 54
     summary: and without flash source and without flash Figure 2 Binary images when gathering auxiliary light source condition 3.2 Place the auxiliary light source with the methods of vertically or horizontally Change the placement of auxiliary light source, in the cases of digital camera flash light opened and closed when collecting images of corn grain and then process the digital image. DOI: 10.3303/CET1758095 Please cite this article as: Jia Y., Zheng B., Zhang Y., 2017, Looking for the ideal conditions for corn kernel image acquisition, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 58, 565-570 DOI: 10.3303/CET1758095 565 1.
    keywords: column; corn; grain; image; light; objective; source
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        item: #3097 of 7527
          id: cet-136
      author: TW
       title: cet-136
        date: 2017-10-04
       words: 3113
      flesch: 44
     summary: Pintarič Z.N., Kravanja Z., 2008, Identification of critical points for the design and synthesis of flexible processes, Computers & Chemical Engineering, 32(7), 1603-1624 Swaney R.E., Grossmann I.E., 1985, An index for operational flexibility in chemical process design Part II: Computational algorithms, AIChE Journal, 31(4), 631-641 Verheyen W., Zhang N., 2006, Design of flexible heat exchanger network for multi-period operation, Chemical Engineering Science, 61(23), 7730-7753 Xiao F., 2011, Simultaneous optimization of synthesis and cleaning schedule in flexible heat exchanger networks (Chinese). DOI: 10.3303/CET1761083 Please cite this article as: Bai Y., Liu L., Gu S., Du J., 2017, Synthesis of flexible heat exchanger networks considering fouling resistance, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 61, 511-516 DOI:10.3303/CET1761083 511 Fouling occurs in most of the heat exchangers, which decreases heat transfer efficiency and causes fluctuation of the outlet temperatures of hot and cold streams.
    keywords: flexibility; fouling; heat; hen; method; operating; structure; synthesis
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        item: #3098 of 7527
          id: cet-1360
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 1murphy.docx
        date: 2017-07-19
       words: 3014
      flesch: 62
     summary: Bourges (et al, 2009) evaluate the incidence of dents in the inlet tube, in the distribution of air flow in a distributor head is analyzed. Thereafter, air flow enters the field expansion, where is splitted between the outlets tubes.
    keywords: air; bourges; distributor; drill; flow; head; model; particle; seeds; time
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        item: #3099 of 7527
          id: cet-1361
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 1murphy.docx
        date: 2017-07-19
       words: 2845
      flesch: 45
     summary: MG Brazil robertobraga@deg.ufla.br Biospeckle laser, or dynamic laser speckle, is used as a technique when its outcomes are useful to monitor activity of the illuminated sample. 3.3 Portability The use of dynamic laser speckle out of laboratories dedicated to optics can be seen as the next step of its use, however it is necessary to circumvent the limits presented by mechanical noise, by external light and by the needed robustness of the apparatus.
    keywords: activity; braga; laser; level; light; speckle
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        item: #3100 of 7527
          id: cet-1362
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 1murphy.docx
        date: 2017-07-19
       words: 3727
      flesch: 58
     summary: A “lame”-“non-lame” cow days ratio of 50:50 was achieved by using the SMOTE (Synthetic Minority Over-sampling Technique) algorithm (Chawla et al., 2002) before the analysis where the minority class (lame cow days) is up-sampled and the majority class is down-sampled. The pain caused by hoof lesions could be increased by this uneven weight distribution and lame cows would then avoid to change their position from standing to lying and vice versa.
    keywords: data; day; duration; feed; feeding; lameness; lying; milk; parameters
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        item: #3101 of 7527
          id: cet-1363
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 1murphy.docx
        date: 2017-07-19
       words: 2552
      flesch: 52
     summary: The performance was tested separately for different colours using a commercial palette used by photographers for camera calibration. The ColorChecker Color Rendition chart contains 24 patch of different colours (McCamy et al., 1976) and is widely used in photographic and video sectors for calibration purposes of imaging devices.
    keywords: ann; colorchecker; colour; food; network; neural; zone
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        item: #3102 of 7527
          id: cet-1364
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 1murphy.docx
        date: 2022-02-09
       words: 3625
      flesch: 36
     summary: The accounting of the GHGs produced from biogas plants is an essential step for evaluating and improving this type of energy supply. Please cite this article as: Maze M., Zerhusen B., Effenberger M., 2017, A database approach for simulating the produced greenhouse gas emissions from biogas plants, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 58, 595-600 DOI: 10.3303/CET1758100 595 Here we present a database approach for assembling a biogas system model and calculating the expected GHG emissions from it, taking into consideration the environmental and technical factors.
    keywords: biogas; database; emissions; energy; ghg; model; plant; production; utilization; web
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        item: #3103 of 7527
          id: cet-1365
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 1murphy.docx
        date: 2017-07-19
       words: 2460
      flesch: 44
     summary: Environmental parameter and insect pest count normalized data plot In the first period, an observable change in humidity, temperature and light intensity can be seen during the middle of the experiment. With a similar case, temperature and light intensity had an increase around 1/16 and 1/17 which caused an increase in insect pest count in node 2.
    keywords: count; greenhouse; image; insect; node; pest; system
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        item: #3104 of 7527
          id: cet-1366
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 1murphy.docx
        date: 2017-07-19
       words: 3913
      flesch: 55
     summary: 610 Statistical analysis showed no significative influence of this increase on daily AMS milkings frequency and daily milk production per buffalo in one year. The following functional parameters has been calculated: Occupation Rate (OR %) per AMS in one year, Eq(1), as ratio between AMS working time (WTy) and year hours (TT): = ⁄ ∗ 100 (1) Proportional rejection time rate (PRT), Eq(2), calculated as ratio between rejection time (RTy) and visit time (WTy): = (⁄ + )
    keywords: ams; buffaloes; milking; number; occupation; rate; time; working; year
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        item: #3105 of 7527
          id: cet-1367
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 1murphy.docx
        date: 2017-07-19
       words: 2949
      flesch: 51
     summary: To manage the vineyard variability (Calderon-Orellana et al., 2014) as better as possible, precision viticulture provides several support tools (Baluja et al., 2012; Bramley et al., 2011; Ferrandino et al., 2010). However, few authors have analyzed the differences between the measurements in field and in laboratory (Cerovic et al., 2008; BenGhozlen et al., 2010a,b; Bramley et al., 2011), or in field and in winery (Diago et al., 2013).
    keywords: anthocyanins; berries; cfg; content; et al; field; fluorescence; grape; index
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        item: #3106 of 7527
          id: cet-1368
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 1murphy.docx
        date: 2017-07-19
       words: 3738
      flesch: 45
     summary: The collected and validated case studies will feed a dynamic atlas of plant diseases that could contribute to the global dissemination of knowledge of the symptoms inducted by plant diseases. For these reasons, is fundamental to develop new strategies for plant diseases control.
    keywords: application; case; davino; diseases; information; mobile; pathologists; planthology; server; system; user; web
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        item: #3107 of 7527
          id: cet-1369
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 1murphy.docx
        date: 2017-07-19
       words: 3103
      flesch: 40
     summary: While for some specific task a medium size drone can be chosen, on the other hand for other task like precision spraying of pesticide or fertilizer heavy lift drone are required. A possible choice relies on using a Ready To Fly (RTF) UAV, but rapid changes in components and a fast evolution of the performance of engines and batteries allow possible updates of the existing UAV using aftermarket part to increase the flight envelope, a particularly interesting feature for heavy lift drone if a proper design method is adopted.
    keywords: analysis; drones; flight; motor; payload; uav; use; weight
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        item: #3108 of 7527
          id: cet-137
      author: TW
       title: cet-137
        date: 2017-10-04
       words: 2733
      flesch: 40
     summary: In order to compare data features under different operating conditions, process operation condition shall be recognized first. It is hard to identify the root cause of process operation condition changes only based on the data shown on DCS interface, also it is quite challenging for data-based monitoring method, even if the root cause can be correctly identified, as no sufficient historical data for developing a new model to monitor the current process operation.
    keywords: condition; data; model; monitoring; operating; pca; process
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        item: #3109 of 7527
          id: cet-1370
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 1murphy.docx
        date: 2017-07-19
       words: 2441
      flesch: 48
     summary: Such configuration introduces some pros and cons. X6 configuration is similar to the quadcopter, but it provides more lifting capacity due to the larger number of motors.
    keywords: configuration; crop; drones; field; figure; propellers; spraying
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        item: #3110 of 7527
          id: cet-1371
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 1murphy.docx
        date: 2017-07-19
       words: 2183
      flesch: 51
     summary: 4. Conclusions Results show that droplet cover goes from 0 % to 30 % with a coefficient of variation normally above 80 %; droplet Volume Median Diameter (VMD) goes from ~100 μm to ~500 μm and the ratio between spray volume and canopy volume goes from 0.02 L m-3 to 0.32 L m-3. NDVI presents a significant variation within the same field and variety witch reflects on canopy volume.
    keywords: application; canopy; figure; spray; spraying; time; volume
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        item: #3111 of 7527
          id: cet-1373
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 1murphy.docx
        date: 2017-07-19
       words: 3412
      flesch: 66
     summary: Results and discussion Table 5, 6 and 7 shows the platforms performances in terms of area monitored per day, TFC, EFC and FE, for the three different platform and for different values of area monitored (A), flight speed (V), grid amplitude (h) for the Q4P rotor carrying the active sensor and altitude (H) for the UAVs carrying the passive sensors. Table 8, 9 and 10 illustrates the cost per hectares for the three different platform and for different values of area monitored, flight speed, grid amplitude for the Q4P rotor carrying the active sensor and altitude for the UAVs carrying the passive sensors.
    keywords: field; flight; mission; q4p; rotor; sensor; time
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        item: #3112 of 7527
          id: cet-1374
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 1murphy.docx
        date: 2017-07-19
       words: 3808
      flesch: 50
     summary: 4. Conclusions Aim of the present study was to evaluate if, by analysing the vibration generated by the chainsaw, it was possible to estimated operational parameters such as effective felling time, processing time, volume estimation and productivity. These results were then compared with the GPS points collected during the selection procedures of tree felling.
    keywords: chainsaw; dbh; felling; forest; operations; results; time; tree; volume
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        item: #3113 of 7527
          id: cet-1375
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 1murphy.docx
        date: 2017-07-19
       words: 2797
      flesch: 53
     summary: Furthermore, due to the plants separation, both ByeLab and TLS measure zero value of canopy thickness. In some cases, 4 points for the first layout and 3 point for the second layout, the ByeLab reports a null value of canopy thickness, while the TLS returns a non-zero value, presumably because of an incorrect evaluation of the speed during the ByeLab travel.
    keywords: algorithm; byelab; canopy; data; field; figure; orchard; sensors; thickness
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        item: #3114 of 7527
          id: cet-1376
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 1murphy.docx
        date: 2017-07-19
       words: 3537
      flesch: 47
     summary: Farm management information systems: Current situation and future perspectives. This solution will facilitate and enable new generations of farm information systems to be specifically developed for applications on agri-environmental enterprises.
    keywords: data; field; information; order; study; system; time; working
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        item: #3115 of 7527
          id: cet-1377
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 1murphy.docx
        date: 2017-07-19
       words: 4114
      flesch: 58
     summary: On the lateral metal structure, 6 pairs of NDVI sensors (three for each side) and two 2D-LiDARs were installed. At the contrary, on the ATV-Lab were mounted only a couple of NDVI sensors, one for side, while it did not employed the LiDAR technology.
    keywords: algorithm; byelab; canopy; condition; monitoring; ndvi; row; sensors; vigor; vine
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        item: #3116 of 7527
          id: cet-1378
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 1murphy.docx
        date: 2017-07-19
       words: 4950
      flesch: 52
     summary: Similarly, as to the growing cycles of tomato crop, irrigation water accounted for a further average K+ amount equal to 262.43 K kg ha-1 and 239.41 K kg ha-1 with TW treatment. Tarantino et al., 2015) that investigated the quantitative, qualitative and microbiological traits of the tomato and broccoli yields, These studies reported that soils and plants irrigated with treated agro-industrial wastewater were not DOI: 10.3303/CET1758114 Please cite this article as: Tarantino E., Disciglio G., Gatta G., Libutti A., Frabboni L., Gagliardi A., Tarantino A., 2017, Agro-industrial treated wastewater reuse for crop irrigation: implication in soil fertility, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 58, 679-684 DOI: 10.3303/CET1758114 679 contaminated with fecal indicators generally associated with human health risks, In addition, the main results of previous studies showed that irrigation of tomato and broccoli plants with agro-industrial wastewater did not negatively affect main qualitative parameters.
    keywords: broccoli; crop; irrigation; tomato; wastewater
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        item: #3117 of 7527
          id: cet-1379
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 34castelli_REV_3.docx
        date: 2018-01-11
       words: 3452
      flesch: 40
     summary: Oda catchment, with no rainwater management, and Guguf catchment, under heavy water management, were considered for the evaluation of the different watershed management strategies. On the other hand, upstream irrigation systems seem to threat downstream water availability.
    keywords: areas; catchment; downstream; guguf; management; production; rainwater; upstream; watershed
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        item: #3118 of 7527
          id: cet-138
      author: TW
       title: cet-138
        date: 2017-10-04
       words: 2726
      flesch: 63
     summary: min wi,j i,j∈Aa (1) s.t. mi,j j|(i,j)∈A - mj,ij|(j,i)∈A =Si i∈I (2) mi,j=mi,j + -mi,j - i,j∈Ap (3) πi-πj=∆πi,j + -∆πi,j - i,j∈Ap (4) ∆πi,j + ≥Ki,j mi,j + 2 i,j∈Ap (5) ∆πi,j - ≥Ki,j mi,j - 2 i,j∈Ap (6) ∆πi,j + ≤∆Πi,j up xi,j i,j∈Ap (7) ∆πi,j - ≤-∆Πi,j lo(1-xi,j) i,j∈Ap (8) mi,j - ≤|M i,j lo|(1-xi,j) i,j∈Ap (9) mi,j + ≤Mi,j up xi,j i,j∈Ap (10) ∆πi,j + ≤Ki,jMi,j up mi,j + i,j∈Ap (11) ∆πi,j - ≤Ki,j|Mi,jlo|mi,j- To address the nonconvex issues, a novel model is proposed and demonstrated using an energy minimisation problem of natural gas transmission networks.
    keywords: constraints; energy; gas; model; networks; pressure
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        item: #3119 of 7527
          id: cet-1380
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 1murphy.docx
        date: 2017-07-19
       words: 3516
      flesch: 45
     summary: Conclusions This preliminary work presented the applicability of NIRs spectroscopy as a rapid technique for the measure of leaf water status of grapevine leaves directly in field. Two instruments, vis/NIR and NIR spectrophotometers, were tested in green house conditions to estimate two parameters linked to leaf water status: leaf water potential and water content.
    keywords: content; leaf; leaves; nir; potential; status; vis; water
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        item: #3120 of 7527
          id: cet-1381
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 1murphy.docx
        date: 2017-07-19
       words: 3364
      flesch: 53
     summary: Comparing S. officinalis and S. officinalis cv. Drought stress reduced leaf area in both taxa, but the effect was less pronounced in S. officinalis than in S. officinalis cv.
    keywords: area; drought; leaf; maxima; mwd; officinalis; plants; salvia; water
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        item: #3121 of 7527
          id: cet-1382
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 1murphy.docx
        date: 2017-07-19
       words: 3293
      flesch: 56
     summary: + 9,11**x - 0,86**x2 R2= 0,99 20 30 40 50 60 1.8 2.8 3.8 4.8 5.8 B ( m g k g -1 ) Level of soil organic matter (%) Figure 1: Boron content in okra leaves depending on the levels of organic matter, irrigation with 100% (___) and 50% ETc (---), in a soil with (A) and without mulch (B) A B 705 Copper content in the dry matter of the okra leaves was influenced by the factors isolated organic matter, irrigation slides and mulching and by the interaction organic matter x irrigation slides (Table 1). Level of soil organic matter (%) Figure 2: Copper content in okra leaves depending on the levels of organic matter, irrigation with 100% (___) and 50% ETc (---), in a soil with (A) and without mulch (B)
    keywords: etc; irrigation; matter; okra; plant; soil; water
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        item: #3122 of 7527
          id: cet-1383
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 1murphy.docx
        date: 2017-07-19
       words: 4175
      flesch: 48
     summary: Monitoring plant temperatures allows evaluating spectral indicators related to crop water status, such as the extensively used crop water stress index (CWSI), which was found to be a promising tool to quantify crop water stress (Jackson,1982): = (∆ ∆ )(∆ ∆ ) Simulation models of the Soil-Plant-Atmosphere continuum (SPA) are considered a cheap and easy-to-use tool for indirect evaluations of soil and crop water status, because of their ability to estimate the actual crop transpiration and to identify the dynamic of crop water stress (Rallo et al., 2017).
    keywords: crop; irrigation; model; soil; stress; temperature; treatments; water; yield
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        item: #3123 of 7527
          id: cet-1384
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 1murphy.docx
        date: 2017-07-19
       words: 2973
      flesch: 41
     summary: The authors further emphasize that the increase in flow velocity values produces streamlines more quickly to the verticalization, which can generate an uneven arrangement of the filter material, due to the processes that precede the bed fluidization, as the state of bubbling bed, which can be transposed more quickly. Salcedo et al. (2011) commented that this behavior can determine limitations in the fluidized of the porous media during backwash process, becoming more evident when using lower flow velocities.
    keywords: conical; filter; filtration; flow; fluid; nozzle; sand; velocity
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        item: #3124 of 7527
          id: cet-1385
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 1murphy.docx
        date: 2017-07-19
       words: 4344
      flesch: 56
     summary: The general objective of this investigation was to improve assessment of antecedent soil water content effects on infiltration runs carried out with two heights of water pouring. Crusting, runoff, and erosion response to soil water content and successive rainfalls.
    keywords: fir; height; infiltration; runs; soil; stage; water
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        item: #3125 of 7527
          id: cet-1386
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 1murphy.docx
        date: 2017-07-19
       words: 3475
      flesch: 51
     summary: Water resource pressure indicators show greater sensitivity of the provinces belonging to clusters 1, 2, 4, 5 and 7 particularly due to widespread presence of irrigated agriculture. Particularly, measures 1, 4, 10, 11 and 16 of RDPs seem to be more consistent than the issues that emerged by cluster analysis.
    keywords: agriculture; analysis; cluster; indicators; low; measures; medium; resources; water
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        item: #3126 of 7527
          id: cet-1387
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 1murphy.docx
        date: 2017-07-19
       words: 3455
      flesch: 35
     summary: Performance measures for evaluation of irrigation water delivery systems. 2.4 Analysis of the performance indicators In the current situation (in the following indicated as scenario 0), for each farm supplied with irrigation water in the three studied water delivery systems, WD, WR and their ratios were calculated monthly for each irrigated crop (from April to September) throughout each of the four irrigation seasons.
    keywords: adequacy; delivery; dependability; equity; irrigation; performance; systems; water
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        item: #3127 of 7527
          id: cet-1388
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 1murphy.docx
        date: 2017-07-19
       words: 4101
      flesch: 59
     summary: 742 Table 2: Mean values and standard deviation (SD) of significant rainfall events for: precipitation (P), duration (P_Dur), intensity (P_Int), soil water content in the 12 hours before the event (SWC), runoff (RO), measured in the CT and GC treatments in track (T) and no-track (NT) positions during the years 2013 - 2016. Soil loss and soil water content affected by land leveling in Penedès vineyards.
    keywords: conductivity; field; plot; runoff; soil; tillage; water
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        item: #3128 of 7527
          id: cet-1389
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 1murphy.docx
        date: 2017-07-19
       words: 3132
      flesch: 60
     summary: To reduce the availability of soil zinc to plants is necessary to remediate contaminated soils according to some technique, for example, the use of adsorbent materials, such as clay minerals (Ghorbel-Abid et al., 2010; DOI: 10.3303/CET1758125 Please cite this article as: Chaves L., Tito G., De Brito Chaves I., 2017, Bentonite application in the remediation of zinc contamination soil, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 58, 745-750 DOI: 10.3303/CET1758125 745 Jiang et al., 2010; Bhattacharyya and Gupta, 2007). The zinc concentration in the shoot and in the roots of radish was significantly influenced to the 5% and 1% probability, respectively, by applying bentonite soil (Table 1).
    keywords: bentonite; concentration; kg-1; plant; radish; root; shoot; soil; zinc
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        item: #3129 of 7527
          id: cet-139
      author: TW
       title: cet-139
        date: 2017-10-04
       words: 4103
      flesch: 44
     summary: In order to assess BOF slag treatments, processing and production of reusable products as well as to identify the best route for by-products internal or external reuse, two models based on the commercial software Aspen Plus® V. 8.6 and two models developed by means of the reMIND® software were developed. The developed models aimed at considering slag treatment and processing as well as production of internal reusable products.
    keywords: bof; bof slag; fraction; model; products; results; separation; slag; steel
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        item: #3130 of 7527
          id: cet-1390
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 1murphy.docx
        date: 2017-07-19
       words: 3187
      flesch: 46
     summary: The test bench consists of a transportable trolley carrying a 70 L tank, a diaphragm pump driven by an electric motor, and a spray boom applied to a mobile support that moves along two slides placed above and parallel to the plane of the trolley, in such a way the distance between target and nozzle is 0.5 m. According to the procedure established by ISO 5682-1, the nozzle under test sprays a mixture with water-soluble dye (Poinceau Red) above Petri dishes containing silicon oil. According to ISO 5682-1, the nozzle under test sprays the test liquid (clean water with the addition of a soluble colouring agent like Poinceau Red) above Petri dishes containing silicon oil of appropriate cinematic viscosity.
    keywords: bench; deposit; diameter; drops; nozzle; percentage; spray; surface; test; water
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        item: #3131 of 7527
          id: cet-1391
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 1murphy.docx
        date: 2017-07-19
       words: 4279
      flesch: 60
     summary: Large milking centre wastewater samples were collected from a storage pit on a grazing dairy farm in South Carolina on two different days. The data provided in this study can be used for design of primary treatment for milking centre wastewater, development of nutrient management plans, and to provide loading data for secondary treatment of the supernatant or settled solids.
    keywords: centre; concentrations; milking; settling; solids; wastewater
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        item: #3132 of 7527
          id: cet-1392
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 1murphy.docx
        date: 2017-07-19
       words: 3373
      flesch: 32
     summary: A strong driver of the process of adoption of CA practices in Italy is currently played by 2014-2020 Rural Development Programmes (RDP), funded by the European Agricultural Fund for Rural development (EAFRD) that envisage a dedicated support scheme for farmers who decide, on voluntary base, to switch from conventional to CA agriculture. Results show that in a long term dynamic context the environmental support payment scheme provided by Measure 10 does not represent the only driving force in the system to guide farmers towards the expected shift from conventional to CA agriculture.
    keywords: adoption; agriculture; area; conservation; farmers; farming; practices; soil; system; techniques
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        item: #3133 of 7527
          id: cet-1393
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 1murphy.docx
        date: 2017-07-19
       words: 2835
      flesch: 52
     summary: Recent studies concerning the effects of Rosmarinus officinalis and other aromatic shrubs on reducing soil erosion (Bochet et al., 2006, Casermeiro et al., 2004, Durán et al., 2007) have focused primarily on the influence of plant cover, whereas much less attention has been paid to the effects of plant roots on water erosion processes. Gyssels G., Poesen J., 2003, The importance of plant root characteristics in controlling concentrated flow erosion rates, Earth Surface Processes and Landforms, 28, 371-384, DOI: 10.1002/esp.447.
    keywords: diameter; plant; prostrate; root; rsm; samples; species; strength; tensile
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        item: #3134 of 7527
          id: cet-1394
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 1murphy.docx
        date: 2017-07-19
       words: 3291
      flesch: 63
     summary: Cheltenham, Glos, GL50 2RH UK federico.topolansky@rau.ac.uk Worldwide, there is a great contradiction when it comes to food waste. Due to these estimations, it becomes increasingly important to start initiatives to reduce food waste and its impact on natural resources.
    keywords: consumers; flaws; food; fruits; people; vegetables; waste
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        item: #3135 of 7527
          id: cet-1395
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 1murphy.docx
        date: 2017-07-19
       words: 3249
      flesch: 40
     summary: Two main approaches were considered: 1) prevention of spray drift generation at source (using Spray Drift Reducing Techniques – SDRT – like air induction nozzles, air sleeves on boom sprayers, shields, sensors, etc.); 2) mitigation of the negative effects of spray drift (e.g. through the adoption of buffer zones, natural or artificial windbreaks, etc.). Aim of the project was to point out the technical solutions applicable on sprayers and the farm infrastructures useful to contain risks of environmental contamination related to PPP point sources.
    keywords: drift; management; point; ppp; project; sources; spray; topps; water
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        item: #3136 of 7527
          id: cet-1396
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 1murphy.docx
        date: 2017-07-19
       words: 3117
      flesch: 50
     summary: Figure1: Comparison of Flax pulp Impacts (per pulp ton) assuming Ecoinvent wood pulp values as a reference. At the agricultural stage, three factors show higher influence over emissions: seed and straw yield, fertilizers applied, and diesel consumption, these two are the inputs to take under control in order to reduce the environmental burden associated to flax pulp production.
    keywords: bologna; flax; paper; pisa; production; pulp; straw; ton; wood
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        item: #3137 of 7527
          id: cet-1397
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 1murphy.docx
        date: 2017-07-19
       words: 2771
      flesch: 42
     summary: After completing internal sprayer cleaning, some clean water shall be still available in the clean water tank to make the sprayer external cleaning using a device (e.g. spray lance) connected to the clean water tank. The rinse water tank shall feed either systems for internal tank cleaning, that are typically rotating nozzles positioned inside the main tank, or devices for the sprayer external cleaning, as lances that can be attached to the machine.
    keywords: cleaning; mixture; sprayer; tank; water
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        item: #3138 of 7527
          id: cet-1398
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 1murphy.docx
        date: 2017-07-19
       words: 3070
      flesch: 47
     summary: In general, NH3 emissions generated from enclosed livestock confinements have been evaluated as the NH3 concentrations measured at the exhaust fans multiplied by air exchange rate through the installation. Therefore, in the case of open installations, such as those often encountered in Colombia and Brazil, the quantification of NH3 emission becomes more complex.
    keywords: ammonia; antioquia; colombia; emission; mechanical; nh3; poultry; ventilation
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        item: #3139 of 7527
          id: cet-1399
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 1murphy.docx
        date: 2017-07-19
       words: 3495
      flesch: 38
     summary: Post law 4014/2011 EIA project screening is done using an exclusive threshold approach which divides projects into 12 groups according to the nature of the project and three categories A1, A2 and B. Category A1 includes large projects requiring an EIS and which are licensed by the Ministry of Environment. Various legislative schemes, regarding the establishment of EIA systems, have been introduced worldwide over 30 years ago (Canter, 1994).
    keywords: eia; eis; environmental; group; impact; licensing; projects; system
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        item: #3140 of 7527
          id: cet-140
      author: TW
       title: cet-140
        date: 2017-10-04
       words: 3701
      flesch: 52
     summary:      * * , , ball ball film ball ball film a A d One of these methods, based on the use of electric energy, is the water purification by electroerosion process (EDM process) of metal balls.
    keywords: ball ball; balls; discharges; metal; metal balls; model; process; purification; water
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        item: #3141 of 7527
          id: cet-1400
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 1murphy.docx
        date: 2017-07-19
       words: 3726
      flesch: 46
     summary: Figure 2: Control panel with a I/O module, 3 parametric controllers and an energy meter 4. Results and discussion A first evaluation of internal air temperature managing in greenhouse application was made. The test was carried out with a set point of internal air temperature of 27°C.
    keywords: air; energy; greenhouse; heat; recovery; system; temperature; ventilation
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        item: #3142 of 7527
          id: cet-1401
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 1murphy.docx
        date: 2017-07-19
       words: 2928
      flesch: 51
     summary: Greenhouse types were grouped considering the characteristics of building structure, crops and type of heating system. The goal of the study is to give useful information to the policy maker for a correct incentivization of greenhouse production by providing data of energy consumption more linked to the real greenhouse system employed in the region.
    keywords: consumption; diesel; energy; enterprises; fuel; greenhouse; heating; type
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        item: #3143 of 7527
          id: cet-1402
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 1murphy.docx
        date: 2017-07-19
       words: 4208
      flesch: 62
     summary: NC trees were damaged by cold temperature. Primary utilized is in horticulture (Dantas et al., 2013) to protect plants from cold temperature (Jabłońska e Wadas, 2005) increasing the quality (Shijun et al., 2002).
    keywords: canopy; fc+; mango; p m; protection; temperature; trees
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        item: #3144 of 7527
          id: cet-1403
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 1murphy.docx
        date: 2017-07-19
       words: 2826
      flesch: 47
     summary: Positioning error was simulated using reasonable input values of distance measurement error, time delay and measuring interval. Red points in Figure.4 are minimal SPL of SSsound which can be detected from quadcopter noise.
    keywords: error; ins; noise; positioning; quadcopter; ssslps; sssound; system; time
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        item: #3145 of 7527
          id: cet-1404
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 1murphy.docx
        date: 2017-07-19
       words: 3380
      flesch: 47
     summary: Mariangela Vallone Copyright © 2017, AIDIC Servizi S.r.l. ISBN 978-88-95608-52-5; ISSN 2283-9216 Effects of Power Cuts on Dairy Cattle Behaviour Anja Gräffa*, Barbara Misthilgera, Manfred Höldb, Sascha Wörza, Jörn Stumpenhausenb, Heinz Bernhardta a Technical University of Munich, Center of Life and Food Sciences, Agricultural Systems Engineering, Am Staudengarten 2, D-85354 Freising, Germany b Hochschule Weihenstephan-Triesdorf, University of Applied Sciences Weihenstephan-Triesdorf, Faculty of Agricultural and Nutritional Sciences, Am Staudengarten 1, D-85354 Freising, Germany anja.graeff@wzw.tum.de Potential stress reactions of dairy cows caused by an energy-related failure of automatic milking systems (AMS) are presented in this study. The objective of the project animal/machine interaction within the concept Integrated Dairy Farming - Stable 4.0 is to quantify potential stress reactions of dairy cows to energy-related failures of milking robots.
    keywords: ams; animals; behaviour; cows; dairy; milking; parameters; power; test
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        item: #3146 of 7527
          id: cet-1405
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 1murphy.docx
        date: 2017-07-19
       words: 3643
      flesch: 62
     summary: This finding was similar to the reports of Homayouni and Shivasad (2003), and Tavernari et al. (2008) which used sunflower meal levels of 0 %, 16 % and 20 %, respectively, which did not affect the carcass percentage and cut yield of broilers. The objective of the experiment was to evaluate the effect of feeding sunflower meal on the performance and carcass characteristics of broiler chickens.
    keywords: broiler; diets; feed; inclusion; meal; sunflower; sunflower meal; weight
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        item: #3147 of 7527
          id: cet-1406
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 1murphy.docx
        date: 2017-07-19
       words: 3521
      flesch: 60
     summary: Keywords: pineapple plant, leucaena, pineapple plant silage, ruminant feed 1. The objective of this study was to improve the quality of pineapple plant silage by leucaena supplementation and using it as roughage during the shortage of green forages.
    keywords: feed; fibre; grass; leucaena; pineapple; pineapple plant; plant; silage; treatment
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        item: #3148 of 7527
          id: cet-1407
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 1murphy.docx
        date: 2017-07-19
       words: 3408
      flesch: 53
     summary: DOI: 10.3303/CET1758143 Please cite this article as: Sperandio G., Biocca M., Fedrizzi M., Toscano P., 2017, Economic and technical features of different levels of mechanization in olive harvesting, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 58, 853-858 DOI: 10.3303/CET1758143 853 2. Figure 1: Operating costs of olive harvesting for the different levels of mechanization and labor employed.
    keywords: costs; equipment; harvesting; machines; manual; mechanization; oil; olive; shakers; straddle
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        item: #3149 of 7527
          id: cet-1408
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 1murphy.docx
        date: 2017-07-19
       words: 3761
      flesch: 39
     summary: e organizzare eventi enogastronomici, LSWR, Milano ISBN: 9788868952020 Thøgersen J, Pedersen S, Paternoga M, Schwendel E, Aschemann-Witzel J., 2017, How important is country- of-origin for organic food consumers? The composition of the FGs Age Gender Employment Behavioural characteristics 20-30 1 male, 1 female Students Healthy and ordinary feeding 30-40 1 male, 1 female Professionals or employees Healthy and ordinary feeding 40-50 2 males, 2 females Professionals or employees Healthy and ordinary feeding 50-60 1 male, 1 female Professionals or employees Healthy and ordinary feeding 60-70 1 male, 1 female Retired, professionals or employees Healthy and ordinary feeding According with the aim to analyse the preferences for high quality pasta to be sold on market with high prices, all the participants were selected among medium – high income level, and medium – high educational level, but also it was decided to exclude people not eating pasta for health reasons (i.e. gluten sensitivity or celiac disorders).
    keywords: consumers; dimensions; fgs; food; information; integrale; participants; pasta; quality; results
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        item: #3150 of 7527
          id: cet-1409
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 1murphy.docx
        date: 2017-07-19
       words: 4440
      flesch: 35
     summary: Traceability systems are an important tool for tracking, monitoring and managing product flows through food supply chains, potentially verifying the presence of credence attributes in consumer food purchases. A consumer behaviour perspective, International Journal on Food System Dynamics, 2(3), 207-218, DOI:10.18461/ijfsd.v2i3.232 Grunert K. G., 2002, Current issues in the understanding of consumer food choice, Trends in Food Science & Technology, 13(8), 275-285, DOI:10.1016/S0924-2244(02)00137-1. Hoogland C.T., De Boer J., Boersema J.J., 2007, Food and sustainability: Do consumers recognize, understand and value on-package information on production standards?, Appetite, 49(1), 47-57.
    keywords: attributes; cluster; consumers; credence; food; information; product; production; quality; traceability
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        item: #3151 of 7527
          id: cet-141
      author: TW
       title: cet-141
        date: 2020-05-15
       words: 2608
      flesch: 45
     summary: Figure 2: Changes of the dimensionless efficiency marble grinding process values (curve 1), milling time in minutes (curve 2) and the dimensionless power inputs (curve 3) in comparison with the process when the grinding mode coefficient value is 0.75 Figure 3: Relation of the marble specific surface (m2 kg-1) and the dimensionless grinding mode coefficient for various values of milling time: 1: 15 min; 2: 25 min; 3: 35 min; 4: 45 min Figure 4 shows the kinetic relations of marble grinding for different values of the mode coefficients. 4. Conclusions Theoretical, analytical and experimental research of grinding process in a ball mill showed, that there is a possibility of grinding power effectiveness increase by means of a direct blow, by providing: grinding mode and correlation of destructive loads during a definite material dispersion with given physical-mathematical characteristics.
    keywords: ball; coefficient; efficiency; grinding; mill; mode; process;  ;  
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        item: #3152 of 7527
          id: cet-1410
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 1murphy.docx
        date: 2017-07-19
       words: 3476
      flesch: 59
     summary: http:/agri.istat.it The adopted aggregation technique is the average bond in which the distance among groups of Regions is defined as the arithmetic average of the distances among all possible couples of Regions or groups of Regions (Forgy, 1965; MacQueen, 1967). The distance between two Regions or groups of Regions, d(i,h), was calculated through the Euclidean metric: ( , ℎ) = ∑ ( − ) (2) In Table 2, as aforesaid, the highest positive values signify high similarity, whereas the lowest negative values indicate antinomy and then dissimilarity.
    keywords: days; farms; groups; number; regions; ual; variables
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        item: #3153 of 7527
          id: cet-1411
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 1murphy.docx
        date: 2017-07-19
       words: 4484
      flesch: 52
     summary: With age female farmers do more caregiving and the work done by third persons decreases (Figure 2). Female farmers have, therefore, a key role on farms.
    keywords: age; children; family; farmers; parents; partner; percent; respondents
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        item: #3154 of 7527
          id: cet-1412
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-1412
        date: 2017-04-10
       words: 3552
      flesch: 42
     summary: The Criteria Ranking In this section, questionnaire surveys were conducted to elicit the importance of criteria which developed for two of energy efficient technologies preferred by respondents which are solar PVs and Green Roof. There are several alternatives for which HLI is able to offer huge opportunities in retrofitting initiatives to concern on energy efficiency.
    keywords: building; campus; criteria; efficiency; energy; factor; rii; roof; system; technology; university; √ √
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        item: #3155 of 7527
          id: cet-1413
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-1413
        date: 2017-04-10
       words: 2625
      flesch: 48
     summary: Besides, sources of data are from palm oil mill manual, discussion with plant manager or staff and data extraction from palm oil mill current data system. This paper presents the development and the applicability of sustainability index (SI) for palm oil mill in order to enhance the competitiveness of the industry.
    keywords: index; indicator; mill; oil; palm; parameter; ptt; score; sustainability
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        item: #3156 of 7527
          id: cet-1414
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-1414
        date: 2017-04-10
       words: 3841
      flesch: 55
     summary: Maps of spatial CO2 emission and removal in the four provinces were illustrated in Figure 2. 17 Figure 2: Spatial CO2 emission and removal from Land Use and Land Use Change in (a) Nan (b) Udonthani (c) Suratthani and (d) Bangkok 5. 3.4 Calculation of CO2 emissions and removals The emissions and removals of CO2 for the AFOLU Sector, based on change in ecosystem C stocks, are estimated for each land-use categories including both land remaining in the same category and land converted to another land-use (IPCC, 2006).For all subdivisions of land area category, carbon stock changes were separately calculated and summarized in six land-use categories as shown in Eq(1).
    keywords: carbon; categories; change; co2; emissions; forest; ipcc; land; use
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        item: #3157 of 7527
          id: cet-1415
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-1415
        date: 2017-04-10
       words: 3531
      flesch: 51
     summary: In order to construct a safe TS, one option is to perform risk assessment before the synthesis and forbid highly risky matches at the synthesis step or to perform the synthesis and the risk assessment simultaneously. In Step 1 a globally optimal solution was obtained based on a simplified trade-off between investment and operating cost while simultaneously considering risk assessment using a mixed-integer linear programming (MILP) TransGen model, while in Step 2 a detailed synthesis considering risk assessment was performed on a reduced superstructure obtained in Step 1 with a mixed-integer nonlinear programming (MINLP) model called Total Site Synthesis model, which explicitly considers risk limits during optimization.
    keywords: assessment; heat; process; risk; safety; step; synthesis; transfer
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        item: #3158 of 7527
          id: cet-1416
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-1416
        date: 2017-04-10
       words: 3589
      flesch: 58
     summary: With the rising concerns of waste management and global carbon concentrations, this study aims to evaluate the potential environmental impacts associated with concrete waste materials and to identify the best alternative in managing the concrete waste. A comprehensive life cycle assessment framework is proposed to assess the environmental impacts associated with the upstream and downstream of concrete waste life cycle; from raw material extraction to material processing, distribution to disposal or recycle.
    keywords: cca; concrete; emissions; material; scenario; study; waste
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        item: #3159 of 7527
          id: cet-1417
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-1417
        date: 2017-04-10
       words: 3646
      flesch: 46
     summary: The paper explores individual mitigation contributions from transport INDC strategies relative to BAU scenario. Collectively, transport INDC strategies for India deliver over 6,000 x 106 tCO2 emission reductions compared to the BAU scenario.
    keywords: climate; demand; dhar; emissions; energy; indc; india; scenario; transport
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        item: #3160 of 7527
          id: cet-1418
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-1418
        date: 2017-04-10
       words: 2998
      flesch: 55
     summary: The compositions of fatty acid in SCG oil and methyl ester in biodiesel were determined by Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS). Because of this fact, SCG oil could get oxidized easily.
    keywords: biodiesel; carbon; coffee; fuel; oil; scg; value
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        item: #3161 of 7527
          id: cet-1419
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-1419
        date: 2017-04-10
       words: 3889
      flesch: 53
     summary: The current technology of crystallizer design was found to be relevant to reduce BOD5, TSS and turbidity of water lake. DOI: 10.3303/CET1756008 Please cite this article as: Yahya N., Lee W.J., Zakaria Z.Y., Ngadi N., Mohamad Z., Abdul Rahman R., Jusoh M., 2017, Water purification of lake water using progressive freeze concentration method, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 56, 43-48 DOI:10.3303/CET1756008 43 For boiling, the process is much faster than surface evaporation.
    keywords: concentration; coolant; freeze; ice; lake; process; temperature; time; water
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        item: #3162 of 7527
          id: cet-142
      author: TW
       title: cet-142
        date: 2017-10-04
       words: 2044
      flesch: 46
     summary: For calculation of pressure in the column, it was decided to apply the Eq(3), which should give a sufficient calculation accuracy for use in creating chromatography column ACS. DOI: 10.3303/CET1761089 Please cite this article as: Pletnev A.O., Chursin Y., Nadezhdin I.S., Manenti F., 2017, Modeling of extract uranium, plutonium and neptunium purification process from fission products in liquid chromatography columns, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 61, 547-552 DOI:10.3303/CET1761089 547 Figure 1: The surface of porous silica granule.
    keywords: chromatography; column; control; figure; model; process
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        item: #3163 of 7527
          id: cet-1420
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-1420
        date: 2017-04-10
       words: 3298
      flesch: 52
     summary: The addition of rice bran content in LDPE films has decreased the tensile properties such as tensile strength and elongation at break of the films. The capability of rice bran (hydrophilic) in LDPE films to absorb water was influenced their physicochemical properties and tendency to biodegradation and hydrolysis.
    keywords: bran; effect; films; glycerol; ldpe; properties; rice; tensile
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        item: #3164 of 7527
          id: cet-1421
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-1421
        date: 2017-04-10
       words: 2650
      flesch: 54
     summary: 5. Conclusions Embodied carbon flows and water flows analyses have been important for the evaluation of the current condition of virtual carbon emissions (carbon footprints or better GHG footprints) and virtual water trade (water footprint) on global scale of the world, and identify the main sectors in embodied emission flows among different regions. (3) Namely China is a leading exporting country and increasingly carries a load of GHG emission, effluents and virtual water export that are triggered due to consumption in other importing countries.
    keywords: carbon; china; co2; countries; emissions; population; trade; water; world
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        item: #3165 of 7527
          id: cet-1422
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-1422
        date: 2017-04-10
       words: 4340
      flesch: 58
     summary: The aqueous extract was characterised for its physico-chemical properties such as pH, moisture content, rheological properties (n = 3), amino acid composition and fatty acid determination (arachidonic acid) (n = 2) whilst fish oil was examined in terms of its colour, density, specific gravity, acid value (AV), free fatty acid (FFA) value, peroxide value (PV) (n = 3) and fatty acid composition (n = 2). Fish oil, which is the lipid fraction extracted from fish and its by-products are rich with essential fatty acids, especially polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), decosahexaenoic acid (DHA) DOI: 10.3303/CET1756011 Please cite this article as: Ngui W.S.Y., Hassan N.H., Ramlan N., Zubairi S.I., 2017, Malaysia snakehead channa striatus and micropeltes: physico-chemical properties of fillet fish oil and water-soluble extract, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 56, 61-66 DOI:10.3303/CET1756011 61 and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) (Abdulkadir et al., 2010).
    keywords: acid; extract; fatty; fish; haruan; oil; striatus; toman
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        item: #3166 of 7527
          id: cet-1423
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-1423
        date: 2017-04-10
       words: 3105
      flesch: 31
     summary: This paper intends to give an overview on the application of genetic algorithm in the optimisation of mathematical modelling of supercritical carbon dioxide extraction process. Supercritical carbon dioxide extraction is considered as a complex process as more factors affect the outcome of the process as compared to conventional extraction methods.
    keywords: algorithm; carbon; carbon dioxide; dioxide; dioxide extraction; extraction; model; process
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        item: #3167 of 7527
          id: cet-1424
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-1424
        date: 2017-04-10
       words: 3176
      flesch: 55
     summary: To resolve this issue, amine unit has been integrated into the power plant for acid gas removal. This has provided better insight for large scale implementation of amine unit in industries with low energy penalty.
    keywords: amine; co2; cost; energy; gas; mea; rate; removal; unit
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        item: #3168 of 7527
          id: cet-1425
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-1425
        date: 2017-04-10
       words: 2414
      flesch: 42
     summary: Since mixing has a crucial impact on the overall performance of micro reaction processes, the need for measuring and comparing mixing performance have also increased. There is an increase need for measuring and comparing mixing performance since mixing has a crucial impact on the overall performance of reaction in micro-vessel.
    keywords: channel; diffusion; inlet; micro; mixing; velocity
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        item: #3169 of 7527
          id: cet-1426
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-1426
        date: 2017-04-10
       words: 2895
      flesch: 48
     summary: Single neural networks sometimes lack robustness when the data is insufficient especially when dealing with real world data due to the fact that the robustness of the network is related to the representativeness of the training data (Bishop, 1995). In order to improve the generalisation capability of neural network based models, combining multiple neural networks (MNN) is proposed in this paper with the application of predicting the combustion efficiency from the boiler.
    keywords: data; fann; mnn; model; networks; neural; single; training
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        item: #3170 of 7527
          id: cet-1427
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-1427
        date: 2017-04-10
       words: 3665
      flesch: 47
     summary: Designs Process mode, IPM Pressure (bar), IP Temperature (°C), IT 1 Continuous 0.5 - 5 70 - 150 2 Continuous 0.5 - 5 70 - 150 3 Continuous 0.5 - 5 70 - 150 4 Continuous 0.5 - 5 < 70 5 Continuous 0.5 - 5 70 - 150 6 Continuous 0.5 - 5 70 - 150 7 Continuous 0.5 - 5 70 - 150 8 Continuous 0.5 - 5 < 70 5. Results and Discussion For each chemical substance, it is assigned with penalty for the sub-indexes based on its’ degree of hazard (Hassim and Hurme, 2010). mimi@cheme.utm.my Occupational health assessment on chemical processes is a crucial step in the workplace management system.
    keywords: assessment; biobutanol; chemical; hazards; health; index; liquid; process; processes; safety
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        item: #3171 of 7527
          id: cet-1428
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-1428
        date: 2017-04-10
       words: 2867
      flesch: 47
     summary: In this study, water quality prediction model could be applied when the modelling is feasible in the situation where the monitoring model is not available or impractical. Some of the researchers have developed water quality prediction models with a different approach and application.
    keywords: air; figure; gui; input; page; prediction; quality; user; water
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        item: #3172 of 7527
          id: cet-1429
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-1429
        date: 2017-04-10
       words: 3595
      flesch: 50
     summary: The optimum initial dye concentration and temperature for MO dye removal is 0.01 g/L and 30 ºC. This can be concluding that PSB adsorbent is the successful adsorbent with the percentage of dye removal at all parameters effect more than 70 %. The factor that indicates the increased of dye adsorption with the increase of adsorbent dosage can be explained by the increased of surface area and the greater number of exchangeable sites available for interaction with dye molecules (Bazrafshan et al., 2014).
    keywords: adsorbent; adsorption; concentration; dye; pei; removal; sugarcane
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        item: #3173 of 7527
          id: cet-143
      author: TW
       title: cet-143
        date: 2017-10-04
       words: 2767
      flesch: 49
     summary: N is the total number of furnace pipes that identified by the model, thus, MN − is the total number of qualified furnace pipe. In this work, monitoring methods are introduced in centrifugal casting process, and manufacturing data for two types of pipes are collected to analyze by PCA and MPCA to find the factors which influence the quality of furnace pipes.
    keywords: casting; data; furnace; monitoring; mpca; pca; pipe; process
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        item: #3174 of 7527
          id: cet-1430
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-1430
        date: 2017-04-10
       words: 3299
      flesch: 33
     summary: Name Compound Nature 18 0.18 Bicyclo[4.3.0]nonane, 7-methylene- 2,4,4-trimethyl-2-vinyl- Hydrocarbon 19 0.17 Indane, 2-methoxy-3-(2-methyl-1-propenyl-1)- Hydrocarbon 20 0.13 Imidazole, 4,5-dichloro-1-methyl- Alkaloid 21 0.18 Thiazole, 2,4,5-trimethyl- Alkaloid 22 0.06 Pyridine, 4-(2-nitrovinyl)- Alkaloid 23 0.11 1H-Indene-1,2-diol, 2,3-dihydro-,trans- Alcohol 24 0.10 1-Hepten-3-ol, 1-phenyl- Alcohol 25 0.10 Benzene-1,4-dicarboxylic acid, methyl (benzimidazol-2-yl)methyl diester Ester 26 0.08 Benzenepropanoic acid, 2-pentyl ester Ester 27 0.41 Phenethanamine, N-acetyl-3-acetoxy -4-methoxy- Amine 28 0.14 Benzene, (2-methyl-1-propenyl)- Aromatic 29 4.69 Hexadecanoic acid, methyl ester Ester 30 0.06 9-Cedranone Ketone 31 0.09 Adipic acid, cyclohexylmethyl butyl ester Ester 32 0.19 Adipic acid, heptyl isobutyl ester Ester 33 0.42 n-Nonadecanoic acid, pentamethyldisilyl ester Ester 34 3.28 3,7-Dimethyl-8-oxo-1,5-dioxa-spiro[5.5]undecane-3-carboxylic acid, methyl ester Ester 35 0.89 1-Phenazinecarboxylic acid, 6-[1-[(1-oxohexadecyl)oxy]ethyl]- Acid 36 0.54 Adipic acid, butyl hexyl ester Ester 37 0.18 Adipic acid, 2,4-dimethylpent-3-ylisohexyl ester Ester 38 0.53 Adipic acid, 5-methoxy-3-methylpentyl pentyl ester Ester 39 0.17 Pentadecanoic acid, methyl ester Ester 40 0.18 Cyclopropane, 1-ethoxy-2,2-dimethyl-3-(2-phenylethenylidene)- Hydrocarbon 41 0.32 Heptanedioic acid, 4-methyl-, dimethyl ester Ester 47 2.87 7,10-Octadecadienoic acid, methyl ester Ester 48 17.76 9-Octadecenoic acid (Z)-, methyl ester Ester 49 1.12 Methyl 11-octadecenoate Ester 50 4.35 Octadecanoic acid, methyl ester Ester 51 3.91 Octadec-9-enoic acid Acid 52 1.04 8-Methyloctahydrocoumarin Phenol 53 3.23 Benzene, 1-nitro-4-(phenylmethyl)- Aromatic 54 0.48 Decanedioic acid, dibutyl ester Ester 55 0.86 2-[4-Acetamidophenylsulfonyl]-1,4- naphthoquinone Ketone 56 0.33 Cyclohexane-1,3-dione, 2-allylaminomethylene-5,5-dimethyl-
    keywords: acid; carbon; dioxide; dioxide extraction; ester; ester ester; extraction; piper; probe; type; ultrasound
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        item: #3175 of 7527
          id: cet-1431
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-1431
        date: 2017-04-10
       words: 3100
      flesch: 48
     summary: Conclusions This paper has developed the possible combinations of different treatment technologies to produce a sludge resource recovery facility apart from wastewater treatment that normally discards sludge directly to landfill. Zeppilli M., Villano M., Majone M., 2015, Microbial electrolysis cell to enhance energy recovery from wastewater treatment, Chemical Engineering Transaction 43, 2341-2346.
    keywords: cost; flow; ppm; recovery; sludge; treatment; unit; wastewater
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        item: #3176 of 7527
          id: cet-1432
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-1432
        date: 2017-04-10
       words: 3573
      flesch: 55
     summary: In this study, the biodegradable modified Chitosan-Pandan sorbent was used for dye adsorption in aqueous solution. As for the raw chitosan, the temperature give great impact to adsorption dyes whereas temperature increased the percentage removal was also increased.
    keywords: adsorption; chitosan; dye; pandan; rb5; sorbent
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        item: #3177 of 7527
          id: cet-1433
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-1433
        date: 2017-04-10
       words: 3221
      flesch: 54
     summary: A single quantitative index to substitute multiple green elements would help organisations to objectively compare and select the type of MSTP process that is greener, promotes cleaner production, and has less adverse impact towards the environment. Li et al. (2016) also found out that a large scale MSTP consume less electricity consumption compare with small scale MSTP and this might be due to the adopted technology in MSTP processes, Masuda et al.
    keywords: factor; index; mstp; performance; process; scheme; treatment; weighting
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        item: #3178 of 7527
          id: cet-1434
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-1434
        date: 2017-04-10
       words: 3364
      flesch: 35
     summary: References Abdelmoez W., TaybebA., Yoshida H., 2015, A review on green trend for oil extraction using subcritical water technology and biodiesel production, Journal of Oleo Science 64 (5), 467-478. Conventional oil extraction mostly uses hexane.
    keywords: earth; extraction; fluid; membrane; oil; recovery; solvent; technology; vegetable
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        item: #3179 of 7527
          id: cet-1435
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-1435
        date: 2017-04-10
       words: 3012
      flesch: 51
     summary: 2.2 Preparation of chitin nanowhiskers (CNW) CNW were prepared through acid hydrolysis process (Nair and Dufresne, 2003) of FC (1.0 g) in boiling 3 N HCl for 1 h. After hydrolysis, chitin was diluted with distilled water (40 mL) and centrifuged (Hettich, Newport Pagnel, England) at 3,200 rpm for 15 min and were repeated thrice. The increase in crystallinity of chitin nanowhiskers compared to their respective chitin is mainly attributed to isolation of chitin nanocrystal through acid hydrolysis.
    keywords: acid; ccnw; chitin; fcnw; nanowhiskers; prawn; waste
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        item: #3180 of 7527
          id: cet-1436
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-1436
        date: 2017-04-10
       words: 3264
      flesch: 41
     summary: Carbon membrane is amorphous carbonaceous product that formed from the breakage of functional groups presence in the polymeric precursor DOI: 10.3303/CET1756025 Please cite this article as: Sazali N., Wan Salleh W.N., Nordin N.A.H.M., Mohamed M.A., Ismail A.F., Yusof N., Aziz F., Jaafar J., 2017, Influence of carbonization temperature on gas permeation properties of matrimid-based carbon membrane, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 56, 145-150 DOI:10.3303/CET1756025 145 mailto:hayati@petroleum.utm.my membrane. Carbon membrane consists of wide range of pore size distribution, ranges from micropore (7 - 20 Å) and ultramicropore (< 7 Å), that provide excellent gas permeability and gas pair selectivity by Briceño et al. (2012) superior than polymeric membranes.
    keywords: carbon; carbonisation; gas; matrimid; membrane; separation; temperature
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        item: #3181 of 7527
          id: cet-1437
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-1437
        date: 2017-04-10
       words: 3242
      flesch: 47
     summary: In order to determine surfactant adsorption for dispersed systems, it can be done by adding a known amount of surfactant to the system, then wait for the system to reach equilibrium, and then extricate the dispersed solids, after which the concentration of surfactants in the solution were measured. More complexity came from other sources like porous media, reservoir heterogeneity, fluid interaction, and surfactant concentration loss.
    keywords: adsorption; aerosol; chemical; concentration; reservoir; shale; solution; surfactant
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        item: #3182 of 7527
          id: cet-1438
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-1438
        date: 2017-04-10
       words: 2512
      flesch: 57
     summary: Feasibility test results and discussions 3.1 HEN in Aspen HYSYS simulator From the grid diagram, HEN designs were transferred into Aspen HYSYS simulator. Figure 5: External energy requirement at different HEN design of ∆Tmin Figure 6: External energy requirement and heat exchanger area at different HEN design of ∆Tmin 13.000 14.000 15.000 16.000 17.000 18.000 19.000 5 10 15 20 25 30 35Ex te rn al E ne rg y Re qu ir em en t (k W ) ∆Tmin (°C)
    keywords: design; exchanger; heat; hen; ∆tmin
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        item: #3183 of 7527
          id: cet-1439
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-1439
        date: 2017-04-10
       words: 3875
      flesch: 53
     summary: The CPU time recorded that ANN model is much faster than FP model. In this paper, FP model and ANN model were developed to predict the MFI of polypropylene in industrial loop reactors.
    keywords: ann; ann model; data; loop; mfi; model; network; polymerisation; process
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        item: #3184 of 7527
          id: cet-144
      author: TW
       title: cet-144
        date: 2017-10-04
       words: 2882
      flesch: 48
     summary: From the literature, we found that the DSC is recommended for the evaluation of endothermic processes and calculated values of activation energy and pre-exponential factor. The conversion at the start of Region II was around 65 % and the kinetics analysis of oil shale kerogen pyrolysis was consequently limited to α ≤ 0.65.
    keywords: activation; astm; energy; factor; heating; method; min; shale
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        item: #3185 of 7527
          id: cet-1440
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-1440
        date: 2017-04-10
       words: 3291
      flesch: 31
     summary: The study shows the efficiency of enzyme immobilisation could be improved by a combination of immobilisation techniques and determination of the most significant factors for xylanase immobilisation. Commonly, the basic principle of enzyme immobilisation involves the immobilisation of initial free enzyme on a mesoporous solid structure.
    keywords: alginate; beads; concentration; enzyme; glutaraldehyde; immobilisation; xylanase; yield
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        item: #3186 of 7527
          id: cet-1441
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-1441
        date: 2017-04-10
       words: 2611
      flesch: 48
     summary: The contact angle of PES neat membrane and the modified membranes has significant difference that is depicted in Figure 4. The FTIR analysis of the HFO nanoparticles has depicted the nanoparticles spectrum of O–H stretching vibration band at around 3,236.55 cm-1 as shown in Figure 3. 177 (a) (b) (c) (d) (e) (f) Figure 1: SEM micrographs of cross sections and surface of membranes at 1,000x magnification; Cross section (a) PES-HFO 0, (b) PES-HFO 0.5, (c) PES-HFO 1.0; Surface (d) PES-HFO 0, (e) PES-HFO 0.5, (f) PES-HFO 1.0 (a) (b) (c) Figure 2: SEM micrographs of (a) PES-HFO 0.5, (b) PES-HFO 1.0, (c) TEM image of HFO Figure 3: FTIR spectra of HFO 178 (a) (b) (c) Figure 4: Water contact angle of membranes, (a) PES-HFO 0, (b) PES-HF0 0.5, (c) PES-HFO 1.0 3.3 Pure Water Permeation Flux Figure 5 shows the change in membrane flux over time.
    keywords: figure; flux; hfo; hydrophilicity; membrane; oil; permeation; pes; water
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        item: #3187 of 7527
          id: cet-1442
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-1442
        date: 2017-04-10
       words: 3046
      flesch: 47
     summary: CO2 adsorption on H3PO4 surface activated carbon (sample PKS-PAP) was low because it could not form an interaction with CO2 as both of them are acidic. The use of this cheap, viable and readily available carbon source for DOI: 10.3303/CET1756031 Please cite this article as: Nasri N.S., Abbas I.M.H.I., Martel H., Abdulrasheed A., Zain H.M., Hayatu U.S., Mohsin R., Majid Z.A., Rashid N.M., Sharer Z., Garba A., 2017, Co2 adsorption isotherms on koh, h3po4 and fecl3.6h2o impregnated palm shell kernel activated carbon, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 56, 181-186 DOI:10.3303/CET1756031 181 production of activated carbon for subsequent use in the adsorption of acid gases will go a long way in promoting environmental pollution mitigation and waste management which helps in environmental sustainability and in turn curb the potential danger it poses to health.
    keywords: adsorption; carbon; co2; engineering; gas; malaysia; palm; pap; pks; pot; shell; surface
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        item: #3188 of 7527
          id: cet-1443
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-1443
        date: 2017-04-10
       words: 3455
      flesch: 52
     summary: It is not that easy to use a biological parameter as an indicator to assess river water quality or health. Temperature, Conductivity, Dissolved Oxygen (DO), pH and Turbidity were measured by using a multi parameters probe Model YSI 6920 with 650 MDS Display/Logger as well as single parameter probe was used for in-situ measurement of river water quality.
    keywords: biological; chemical; johor; malaysia; parameters; quality; river; station; sungai; water
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        item: #3189 of 7527
          id: cet-1444
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-1444
        date: 2017-04-10
       words: 2752
      flesch: 49
     summary: 109.34 2.27 x 10 13 0.9705 20 120.94 6.03 x 10 14 0.9893 110.04 3.10 x 10 13 0.9963 30 127.24 9.88 x 10 14 0.9880 102.78 8.68 x 10 13 0.9883 Mean 124.11 8.34 x 10 14 107.39 2.08 x 10 13 Figure 2: Variation of maximum pyrolysis rate with heating rate 3.2 Gasification of plastic waste samples with CO2 For Sample X, an increase from 600 °C to 700 °C resulted to about 7.5 times increase in gasification rate while about 5 times for Sample Y. In this study, the pyrolysis and gasification of plastic waste samples were investigated in a thermogravimetric analyser (TGA).
    keywords: gasification; plastic; pyrolysis; rate; sample
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        item: #3190 of 7527
          id: cet-1445
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-1445
        date: 2017-04-10
       words: 3316
      flesch: 53
     summary: Higher torrefaction temperature and longer residence time leads to severe decomposition which reduces the mass yield of the torrefied oil palm frond but increases the heating value of torrefied OPF. Torrefaction converts raw biomass to a material suitable for combustion and gasification applications.
    keywords: analysis; biomass; opf; raw; temperature; torrefaction
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        item: #3191 of 7527
          id: cet-1446
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-1446
        date: 2017-04-10
       words: 3275
      flesch: 42
     summary: It is important to remark that although arbitrary target CSD can be chosen but the same distribution functions for initial seed and target CSD need to be used. For generating the set-point trajectory for the controller, analytical CSD estimator for predicting the set-point trajectory to achieve the desired CSD in batch cooling crystallisation has been developed by Samad et al. (2013).
    keywords: agglomeration; breakage; crystallisation; csd; estimator; point; set; target
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        item: #3192 of 7527
          id: cet-1447
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-1447
        date: 2017-04-10
       words: 3353
      flesch: 52
     summary: Commercial activated carbon adsorption behaviour for SO2 was reported previously by Zhang et al. (2007). Activated carbon has been widely studied in gas and liquid adsorption due to its capability in filtration to remove organic materials and particulate matter.
    keywords: adsorption; breakthrough; carbon; feci3; gas; palm; pkac; so2; surface; time
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        item: #3193 of 7527
          id: cet-1448
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-1448
        date: 2017-04-10
       words: 3769
      flesch: 58
     summary: In this work ARX model has been developed and used as internal model that can capture the dynamics relating the inputs to the output of the esterification process. − y(t)| 2 dt ∞ 0 (9) 4. Identification of ARX model As a linear recurrence equation, the ARX model is used to join the current value of an objective variable together with its past finite time series, as well as other exogenous input variable’s finite time series.
    keywords: arx; control; model; mpc; process; set; water
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        item: #3194 of 7527
          id: cet-1449
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-1449
        date: 2017-04-10
       words: 3013
      flesch: 46
     summary: It could be due to , 225 the degradation occurred on MAEPO PSA as the longer time of irradiation. The hypothesis in the present study is that the extended curing time would prolong the excitation of photoinitiator molecules and increased the DOC of MAEPO PSA.
    keywords: adhesives; conversion; curing; degree; oil; palm; psa; time
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        item: #3195 of 7527
          id: cet-145
      author: TW
       title: cet-145
        date: 2017-10-04
       words: 3570
      flesch: 56
     summary: The model can later be applied for industrial cooling processes, e.g. equipped with complicated mixer blades and heat exchangers. In many cases the produced food preparation contains additives e.g. pectin and starch, which are affecting the products flow behaviour especially at lower temperatures.
    keywords: cfd; cooling; medium; model; process; results; temperature; vessel; viscosity
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        item: #3196 of 7527
          id: cet-1450
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-1450
        date: 2017-04-10
       words: 3097
      flesch: 48
     summary: 200 400 600 800 0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 c t/ c 0 Time (min) 5 mg/L 20 mg/L Figure 5: Effect of cadmium concentration at fixed bed height of 2.8 cm and flow rate of 3 mL/min 3.4 Effects of cadmium solution flow rate The effect of cadmium solution flow rate was determined by running the column at two flow rates of 3 mL/min and 9 mL/min at fixed initial cadmium concentration of 5 mg/L and bed height of 2.8 cm. 200 400 600 800 0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 c t/ c 0 Time (min) 3mL/min 9 mL/min Figure 6: Effect of cadmium solution flow rate at constant bed height of 2.8 cm and 5 mg/L concentration 3.5 Effects of bed depth From Figure 7, that the sharp breakthrough curve and lower breakthrough times were obtained at lower bed heights.
    keywords: adsorption; bed; cadmium; concentration; flow; husk; min; rate; rice; solution
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        item: #3197 of 7527
          id: cet-1451
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-1451
        date: 2017-04-10
       words: 2762
      flesch: 53
     summary: The increasing pressure at inlet of brine filter will reduce the flow leaving the filter. In order for brine filter to run longer hours, the criteria will be low in suspended solid and also lower Calcium and Magnesium content after the reaction process in the brine reactor.
    keywords: brine; filter; flow; life; magnesium; process
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        item: #3198 of 7527
          id: cet-1452
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-1452
        date: 2017-04-10
       words: 3150
      flesch: 64
     summary: The second is evaluating the arrangement possibility of wind turbines on roof top area and the energy can be harnessed. Basically, there are two types of wind turbines: Horizontal Axis Wind Turbine (HAWT), and Vertical Axis Wind Turbine (VAWT).
    keywords: building; energy; figure; speed; study; turbine; type; wind
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        item: #3199 of 7527
          id: cet-1453
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-1453
        date: 2017-04-10
       words: 4167
      flesch: 46
     summary: Total coliforms result is the estimate of the amount or density of rod-shaped coliform bacteria and an indicator of drinking water quality. In the study conducted by Maharjan and Ming (2012), water hyacinth has the potential to treat waste water.
    keywords: groundwater; landfill; leachate; quality; samples; sanitary; study; total; values; water
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        item: #3200 of 7527
          id: cet-1454
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-1454
        date: 2017-04-10
       words: 4073
      flesch: 38
     summary: However, this could also be an important driver for Malaysian F&B companies to expand their export destination to such countries, like Europe and Japan (Nishitani, 2010), which requires suppliers to meet environmental standard. Table 2 present the drivers for Malaysian F&B companies to adopt ISO 14001 standards, with the most important drivers are to ‘enhance company’s image and reputation’ (62 %) and to ‘improve environmental performance’ (60 %).
    keywords: companies; f&b; food; incentives; iso; malaysian; sector; standards; study
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        item: #3201 of 7527
          id: cet-1455
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-1455
        date: 2017-04-10
       words: 3834
      flesch: 53
     summary: Research focusing on the social sciences of sustainable energy, including topics such as human behaviour change, gender impacts, household scale studies etc. – have tended to receive limited attention from research sponsors and until recently assumed to have limited impact on a transition to a sustainable energy future. In line with increasing interest in the social science of sustainable energy transitions, this study examines social behaviour and energy practices of rural communities without access to twenty-four hour electricity in Sarawak, East Malaysia.
    keywords: access; air; development; electricity; energy; households; kpg; study; villages; women
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        item: #3202 of 7527
          id: cet-1456
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-1456
        date: 2017-04-10
       words: 2849
      flesch: 53
     summary: Therefore, the present study focuses on SCW treatment of tannery sludge for immobilization of the HMs by formation of tobermorite or similar crystalline minerals. 3. Results and Discussions Changes in characteristics of tannery sludge after SCW treatments are summarized in Table 2.
    keywords: figure; hms; immobilization; metals; scw; silica; sludge; tannery; treatment
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        item: #3203 of 7527
          id: cet-1457
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-1457
        date: 2017-04-10
       words: 3204
      flesch: 44
     summary: As the key variables affecting nutrients recovery, reaction temperature (180 ºC, 200 ºC, 220 ºC and 240 ºC), retention time (15 min, 30 min, 60 min) and biomass-solvent (water) ratio (2.5g/100mL, 5g/100mL and 7.5g/100mL) were selected as independent factors. Figure 5: Effects of reaction temperature of total soluble phosphorus concentration Figure 6: Effects of reaction temperature of total soluble nitrogen concentration 0 20 40 60 80 100 15 30 45 C o n v e rs io n % Reaction Retention Time
    keywords: biomass; microalgae; reaction; scw; solid; temperature; time; total; water
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        item: #3204 of 7527
          id: cet-1458
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-1458
        date: 2017-04-10
       words: 4208
      flesch: 45
     summary: References Abdullah A.Z., Salamatinia B., Mootabadi H., Bhatia S., 2009, Current status and policies on biodiesel industry in Malaysia as the world’s leading producer of palm oil, Energy Policy 37 (12), 5440–5448 Abdullah N., Sulaiman F., 2013, The oil palm wastes in Malaysia, Biomass Now - Sustainable Growth and Use, InTech, Rijeka, Croatia Ahring B., 2008, Sustainable biofuels for the transport sector, Biofuels, International Transport Forum, Paris, France, 135-150 Altman R., 2015, Sustainable aviation biofuels: A development and deployment success model, Bioenergy, Academic Press – Elsevier, London, UK, 443-466 Beckman J., 2015, Biofuel use in international markets: The importance of trade, Economic Information Bulletin 144, 1-38 Demirbas A., 2007, Progress and recent trends in biofuels, Progress in Energy and Combustion Science 33 (1), 1–18. Zuckerman S., 2015, Towards sustainable aviation fuels:
    keywords: aviation; biofuel; country; energy; fuels; industry; malaysia; oil; palm; production; sector; sources
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        item: #3205 of 7527
          id: cet-1459
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-1459
        date: 2017-04-10
       words: 4153
      flesch: 55
     summary: 3. Results and Discussions 3.1 Effect of pulsed LED light on Nannochloropsis sp. growth In order to understand how pulsed LED could affect the growth of Nannochloropsis sp., two other light condition were used; i) red (660 nm), ii) blue. Pulsed LED light created a higher photosynthetic photon flux that affects photon easily to penetrate into the culture compared to continuous white lamp.
    keywords: biodiesel; blue; cell; light; lipid; microalgae; nannochloropsis; number; point; pulse; red
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        item: #3206 of 7527
          id: cet-146
      author: TW
       title: cet-146
        date: 2017-10-04
       words: 2769
      flesch: 34
     summary: From then on, like the Water Cascade Curve (Manan, 2004), the graphical method of water network has been developing rapidly. The optimization for water network and heat exchange network should be carried out simultaneously.
    keywords: heat; method; network; regeneration; temperature; water
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        item: #3207 of 7527
          id: cet-1460
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-1460
        date: 2017-04-10
       words: 3502
      flesch: 59
     summary: Generally, urbanization can be determined by several factors such as population density, urbanized land area, and many other social-economic indicators (Su et al., 2012). Results showed that urban area, Bandar Maharani has changed slightly in term of overall LULC.
    keywords: areas; data; forest; land; lulc; malaysia; mapping; muar; scale; urban
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        item: #3208 of 7527
          id: cet-1461
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-1461
        date: 2017-04-10
       words: 2787
      flesch: 28
     summary: Results of GHG mitigation tracking The result of GHG mitigation measures amounted in reduce 14.34 MtCO2e of GHG illustrated in Table 4. The tracking was started from the selection of GHG reduction policies and measures by using multi-level criteria setting.
    keywords: energy; ghg; measures; mitigation; namas; policy; sector; thailand; tracking
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        item: #3209 of 7527
          id: cet-1462
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-1462
        date: 2017-04-10
       words: 3781
      flesch: 46
     summary: Chen X., Nielsen K.F., Borodina I., Kielland-Brandt M.C., Karhumaa K., 2011, Increased isobutanol production in Saccharomyces cerevisiae by overexpression of genes in valine metabolism, Biotechnology and Biofuels 4, 21. The experimental value (200 mg/L) agreed well with the predicted value from mathematical model (220 mg/L), indicates the suitability of the model and the success of response surface methodology in optimising the operating conditions of isobutanol production.
    keywords: agitation; fermentation; inoculum; isobutanol; production; temperature; value
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        item: #3210 of 7527
          id: cet-1463
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-1463
        date: 2017-04-10
       words: 3241
      flesch: 34
     summary: Kras I., 2011, Sustainable hospital building. This paper has developed a research focusing on green hospital building development.
    keywords: assessment; building; criteria; design; development; energy; green; hospital; management; sub; water
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        item: #3211 of 7527
          id: cet-1464
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-1464
        date: 2017-04-10
       words: 3882
      flesch: 41
     summary: Through a focus group discussion with teachers and school administrators from schools in Iskandar Malaysia, a list of programmes and activities schools conduct and could be implemented was proposed (UTM-Low Carbon Asia Research Centre, 2013). A focus group interview was conducted after the exhibition among committee members accompanying judges assessing school programmes.
    keywords: activities; carbon; education; exhibition; iskandar; johor; malaysia; programmes; schools; themes
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        item: #3212 of 7527
          id: cet-1465
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-1465
        date: 2017-04-10
       words: 3231
      flesch: 56
     summary: Previously, we have investigated MMT loaded TiO2 nanocomposite for photocatalytic CO2 reduction with H2O and observed significant amount of CH4 production (Tahir et al., 2013). The XRD pattern of MMT presents a broad basal reflection of (0 0 1) at 2θ = 3.70o, evidently due to the orientation of platy-shaped particles and stacking disorder of MMT layers.
    keywords: co2; mmt; monolith; photocatalytic; reaction; reduction; samples; tahir; tio2
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        item: #3213 of 7527
          id: cet-1466
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-1466
        date: 2017-04-10
       words: 3370
      flesch: 39
     summary: CS-free additive and CS with CBA and MgO illustrated the highest loss in CO2 capture capacity within all cycles which indicate that suitable binders have increased the performance of the derived natural-sorbents. This paper described one of the approach to synthesize CaO-based sorbent from natural raw material by demonstrating the effect of adding coal bottom ash and binder into CaO-precursors on CO2 capture capacity and cyclic stability.
    keywords: calcination; cao; capacity; capture; carbonation; cba; co2; sorbent
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        item: #3214 of 7527
          id: cet-1467
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-1467
        date: 2017-04-10
       words: 3781
      flesch: 52
     summary: The term SOC is soil carbon stock in managed land (unit: T C); SOCREF is the reference carbon stock (unit: T C hectare-1), FLU is stock change factor for land-use systems (dimensionless), FMG is stock change factor for management regime (dimensionless), FI is stock change factor for input of organic matter (dimensionless), and A is land area (unit: hectare). The first level consists of five major types, named Urban and Built-up land, Agricultural land, Forest land, Water Body and Miscellaneous land.
    keywords: area; carbon; change; forest; land; phuket; stock; thailand; tourism; use
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        item: #3215 of 7527
          id: cet-1468
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-1468
        date: 2017-04-10
       words: 3627
      flesch: 37
     summary: Subsequently, this paper also provides highlights on common techniques and material for laterite stone repair of the selected heritage buildings. Low carbon repair for heritage buildings also conforms to these broad domains, without exception.
    keywords: buildings; carbon; co2; heritage; intervention; laterite; maintenance; repair; replacement; stone
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        item: #3216 of 7527
          id: cet-1469
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-1469
        date: 2017-04-10
       words: 2802
      flesch: 61
     summary: This problem arises from the results of carbon emission. Many researchers have widely investigate the potential of reducing carbon emission in electricity sector.
    keywords: carbon; demand; emission; figure; fuel; scenario; transportation
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        item: #3217 of 7527
          id: cet-147
      author: TW
       title: cet-147
        date: 2017-10-04
       words: 2840
      flesch: 58
     summary: Establish control system as shown in Figure 3.  y )(sP r   FUZZY  )(sG m )(sF sme     )(sC M MM)(sGm Figure 3: Structure of control system The C(s) is the equivalent of the feedback controller, P(s) is the mathematical model of the controlled object of the extra time delay, and M is control valve stiction model. In the development of control valve, its performance is closely related to the whole production process.
    keywords: control; method; model; process; stiction; system; time; valve
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        item: #3218 of 7527
          id: cet-1470
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-1470
        date: 2017-04-10
       words: 3397
      flesch: 58
     summary: Furthermore, ESR allows for the direct utilization of carbon dioxide (CO2) in various renewable biomass feed stock for ethanol production. The influence of La-loading on inhibiting coke formation and selectivity towards hydrogen formation by ethanol steam reforming has been investigated.
    keywords: catalyst; co2; ethanol; hydrogen; production; reforming; steam; tio2
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        item: #3219 of 7527
          id: cet-1471
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-1471
        date: 2017-04-10
       words: 3143
      flesch: 51
     summary: Experts have responded to the survey to ensure the number and description of each criterion suitable with highway design and development in Malaysia. Questionnaires is used in this research to gather information and several steps are taken to design questionnaires for this research purposes including objectives of the survey, determined sampling group, designed the questionnaire, administered the questionnaire and results interpretation.
    keywords: construction; control; criteria; design; development; factor; green; highway; malaysia
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        item: #3220 of 7527
          id: cet-1472
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-1472
        date: 2017-04-10
       words: 3641
      flesch: 54
     summary: Ly Thuong Kiet Street, Distric 10, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam bDepartment of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, 43, Keelung Road, Section 4, Taipei 10607, Taiwan lmvien@hcmut.edu.vn Proton conductivity of indium-doped cerium diphosphate (CeP2O7) was investigated to explore its potential for application as an electrolyte in intermediate temperature fuel cells. Le M.V, Tsai D.S., Yang C.Y., Chung W.H., Lee H.Y., 2011, Proton conductors of cerium pyrophosphate for intermediate temperature fuel cell, Electrochim.
    keywords: cep2o7; conductivity; electrolyte; fuel; proton; temperature
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        item: #3221 of 7527
          id: cet-1473
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-1473
        date: 2017-04-10
       words: 3720
      flesch: 49
     summary: Portion of organic wastes were diverted from landfilling by converting it into compost (organic fertiliser) for reducing greenhouse gases (GHG) emission at the landfill and the dependency on inorganic fertiliser. The fugitive emission from biodegradation of organic waste contributed significantly to the GHG emission for both scenarios whereas the GHG emission from the fossil fuel combustion was considered as not significant.
    keywords: carbon; co2; compost; emission; ghg; landfill; management; scenario; waste
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        item: #3222 of 7527
          id: cet-1474
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-1474
        date: 2017-04-10
       words: 3039
      flesch: 50
     summary: Food waste is a potential feedstock for biogas generation. It is concluded that approximately 60 Mm3 of CH4, which is equivalent to 16.3 MW electricity can be produced yearly based on food waste generated on year 2010.
    keywords: biogas; electricity; energy; food; malaysia; management; msw; waste
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        item: #3223 of 7527
          id: cet-1475
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-1475
        date: 2017-04-10
       words: 1970
      flesch: 49
     summary: Figure 7: Correlation between daily air conditioner electric consumption and outdoor air temperature for 10 dwellings during measurement period. The similar condition is also observed for air conditioner usage which is fluctuated from 0.2 to 23.7 kWh.
    keywords: air; conditioner; consumption; electricity; energy; temperature
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        item: #3224 of 7527
          id: cet-1476
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-1476
        date: 2017-04-10
       words: 4081
      flesch: 42
     summary: Consequently, after a decade POE studies and data collection, it is found that the most important characters of IEQ can be divided in two DOI: 10.3303/CET1756065 Please cite this article as: Esfandiari M., Zaid S.M., Ismail M.A., Aflaki A., 2017, Influence of indoor environmental quality on work productivity in green office buildings: a review, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 56, 385-390 DOI:10.3303/CET1756065 385 parameters, one related to energy that normally affects human physiology, and one influencing human psychology. Pei Z., Lin B., Liu Y., Zhu Y., 2015, Comparative study on the indoor environment quality of green office buildings in China with a long-term field measurement and investigation, Building and Environment, 84, 80-88.
    keywords: building; dissatisfaction; environment; ieq; occupants; parameters; productivity; quality; study; work
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        item: #3225 of 7527
          id: cet-1477
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-1477
        date: 2017-04-10
       words: 4312
      flesch: 41
     summary: Therefore, hydrogen production from renewable sources such as glycerol, is gaining attention. This article reviews on the latest development on hydrogen production from biodiesel waste.
    keywords: biodiesel; energy; et al; glycerol; hydrogen; hydrogen production; process; production; reaction; reforming; steam; temperature
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        item: #3226 of 7527
          id: cet-1478
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-1478
        date: 2017-04-10
       words: 2515
      flesch: 44
     summary: Many studies have been conducted to ascertain the implementation of green roofs provides many advantages including extended roof life, increase of water run off quality and mitigation of urban heat island effect. However, the lack of experimental data for tropical climate makes it difficult to evaluate eventually the suitability of green roofs as a heat mitigation and carbon emission reduction strategy in Malaysia.
    keywords: air; roof; sensor; soil; surface; temperature
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        item: #3227 of 7527
          id: cet-1479
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-1479
        date: 2017-04-10
       words: 3337
      flesch: 53
     summary: In this study, photocatalytic CO2 reduction to fuels over Cu-loaded graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) under visible light irradiation has been investigated. In the recent years, there have been number of studies focused on photocatalytic CO2 reduction by g- C3N4 based photocatalyst.
    keywords: c3n4; ch3oh; ch4; co2; light; photocatalytic; reduction
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        item: #3228 of 7527
          id: cet-148
      author: TW
       title: cet-148
        date: 2017-10-04
       words: 2185
      flesch: 54
     summary: DOI: 10.3303/CET1761095 Please cite this article as: Li J., Zhang Q., 2017, Relative concentration based mathematical optimization for improving fresh hydrogen utilization efficiency of multi-impurity hydrogen networks, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 61, 583-588 DOI:10.3303/CET1761095 583 Figure 1: A superstructure of hydrogen network with purification Besides, the gap between current HTO and its lower bound represents the hydrogen saving potential of synthesis methods of hydrogen networks.
    keywords: concentration; figure; hydrogen; model; psa
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        item: #3229 of 7527
          id: cet-1480
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-1480
        date: 2017-04-10
       words: 3964
      flesch: 45
     summary: Due to the continuous drive to attain sustainable pilgrim experience in Mina, this paper examines the effects of physical factors (coding and signage, disorientation causes, spatial anxiety, orientation strategies and routing strategy) on perceived crowding levels among internal group of DOI: 10.3303/CET1756069 Please cite this article as: Alsolami B.M., Embi M.R., Enegbuma W.I., 2017, The influence of sustainable physical factors on haji crowd perception among internal pilgrim group in mina, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 56, 409-414 DOI:10.3303/CET1756069 409 pilgrims. Devotional and ritual observance by internal pilgrims to Hajj presents a constant journey towards fulfilling the fifth pillar of Islam.
    keywords: crowding; factors; fit; hajj; level; management; mina; pilgrims; research; signage; strategies
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        item: #3230 of 7527
          id: cet-1481
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-1481
        date: 2017-04-10
       words: 4063
      flesch: 53
     summary: www.doe.gov.my/ portalv1/info-umum/sekolah-lestari-anugerah-alam-sekitar/163> accessed 11.07.2016 (in Malay) Palmer N., Neal J., 2003, The handbook of environmental education, Taylor and Francis, Abingdon, United Kingdom Phang F.A., Wong W.Y., Ho C.S., Fujino J., Musa A.N., Safri I.E., Suda M., 2016a, Low carbon awareness among primary school students through Iskandar Malaysia ecolife challenge competition, Man in India, 96(1), 387-395 Phang F.A., Wong W.Y., Ho C.S., Fujino J., Musa A.N., Suda M., 2016b, Iskandar Malaysia Ecolife Challenge: Low carbon education for teachers and students, Clean Technologies and Environmental Policy, DOI: 10.1007/s10098-016-1215-y UTM-Low Carbon Asia Research Centre, 2013, Low Carbon Society Blueprint for Iskandar Malaysia 2025, 2nd ed., UTM-Low Carbon Asia Research Centre, Johor, Malaysia WWF Malaysia, 2016, Eco-Schools Program Malaysia <eco-schools.wwf.org.my/index.cfm?&menuid=45> accessed 11.07.2016 420 p-fatin@utm.my Iskandar Malaysia Ecolife Challenge was initiated jointly between Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM) and Iskandar Regional Development Agency (IRDA) in 2013 with the collaboration and full support from the Johor State Education Department (JPNJ).
    keywords: carbon; challenge; ecolife; household; iskandar; low; malaysia; school; students
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        item: #3231 of 7527
          id: cet-1482
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-1482
        date: 2017-04-10
       words: 3061
      flesch: 51
     summary: The flow rates of carbon dioxide gas used were 0.2 L/min and 2 L/min. Precipitation concept was employed in producing precipitated calcium carbonate (PCC). The highest purity of calcium carbonate obtained was from PCC3 that used 1 mL terpineol with CO2 gas flow rate 0.2 L/min.
    keywords: calcium; carbonate; co2; flow; gas; min; pcc; terpineol
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        item: #3232 of 7527
          id: cet-1483
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-1483
        date: 2017-04-10
       words: 4116
      flesch: 54
     summary: 2.3 Pyrolysis experimental procedure TGA was used to investigate the weight loss of catalytic rice husk and the evolution of pyrolysis vapour simultaneously. In addition, at low catalyst weight loading sample, RH-2 (1:0.05), the mass loss of hemicellulose and cellulose start to decreases to 48.00 % from 48.67 % (RH- 1).
    keywords: biomass; catalyst; husk; loading; phase; pyrolysis; rice; rice husk; samples; weight
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        item: #3233 of 7527
          id: cet-1484
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-1484
        date: 2017-04-10
       words: 3268
      flesch: 41
     summary: They suggested that there is no universal MI compatible for all type of composting materials. The long-term goal is to establish a decision framework for the application of MI based on different composting materials.
    keywords: composting; content; effect; effectiveness; materials; microbial; msw; waste
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        item: #3234 of 7527
          id: cet-1485
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-1485
        date: 2017-04-10
       words: 3651
      flesch: 55
     summary: Previous researches have shown that it is possible to produce durable concrete utilising industrial waste materials such as red mug aggregates, silica fume, blast furnace slag, coal fly ash (FA) and coal bottom ash (BA). DOI: 10.3303/CET1756074 Please cite this article as: Rafieizonooz M., Salim M.R., Hussin M.H., Mirza J., Yunus S.M., Khankhaje E., 2017, Workability, compressive strength and leachability of coal ash concrete, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 56, 439-444 DOI:10.3303/CET1756074 439 Several researches have studied the characteristics of concrete containing BA as a fine aggregate replacement (Jang et al., 2016).
    keywords: ash; coal; compressive; concrete; leaching; replacement; sand; strength
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        item: #3235 of 7527
          id: cet-1486
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-1486
        date: 2017-04-10
       words: 2752
      flesch: 57
     summary: Pervious concrete is one of the best materials used in sustainable drainage system to control the stormwater at source. Furthermore, pervious concrete containing POFA showed higher water permeability and void content but lower compressive and tensile strength than control pervious concrete.
    keywords: cement; compressive; concrete; content; pofa; strength; void; water
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        item: #3236 of 7527
          id: cet-1487
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-1487
        date: 2017-04-10
       words: 3401
      flesch: 49
     summary: This study aims to assess the possibility of harvesting wind energy by using the concept of flow induced vibration of a bluff body. Three conditions have been tested to evaluate its effects on wind energy harvesting: isolated cylinder, flat plate with vibrating cylinder and cylinder with vibrating flat plate.
    keywords: body; cylinder; energy; flow; plate; vibrating; vibration; wind
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        item: #3237 of 7527
          id: cet-1488
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-1488
        date: 2017-04-10
       words: 3385
      flesch: 44
     summary: Similarly, local constraints such as limitations on land available for landfills, will prod the local government to increase efforts to improve waste management. 4. Results Figure 1 shows the generation and break-up of waste management for all three scenarios.
    keywords: bau; climate; emissions; energy; indc; india; management; scenario; sustainable; waste
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        item: #3238 of 7527
          id: cet-1489
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-1489
        date: 2017-04-10
       words: 3545
      flesch: 49
     summary: The aims of this work were to develop starch green composite films prepared with sustainable materials in agreement with ecology and economic requirements including environmental satisfactory disposal and to investigate the effects of nanocellulose and citric acid on tensile properties, and thermal properties of tapioca starch green composite films. Tensile properties of TS films were tested using Instron Universal (USA) tensile testing machine which followed a standard of ASTM D882-12 (ASTM, 2012).
    keywords: acid; composites; films; green; nanocellulose; properties; starch; tapioca; tensile
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        item: #3239 of 7527
          id: cet-149
      author: TW
       title: cet-149
        date: 2017-10-04
       words: 4384
      flesch: 48
     summary: Rasi S., Veijanen A., Rintala J., 2007, Trace compounds of biogas from different biogas production plants, Energy, 8, 1375-1380. The scale of biogas plants is likely to grow in the future, notably in developing countries, based on modernization of agriculture, large-scale livestock farms, and urbanization.
    keywords: biogas; co2; cost; coupling; ethylene; methane; ocm; plant; process; production; removal; usd
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        item: #3240 of 7527
          id: cet-1490
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-1490
        date: 2017-04-10
       words: 2862
      flesch: 57
     summary: 5. Conclusions An AHP - DEA approach was developed for application in selecting CO2 utilization options in CCUS systems. Options for CO2 utilization include CO2-enhanced oil recovery (CO2 - EOR) and CO2-enhanced coal methane (CO2 - ECBM) recovery.
    keywords: ahp; capture; carbon; co2; dea; options; storage; utilization
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        item: #3241 of 7527
          id: cet-1491
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-1491
        date: 2017-04-10
       words: 3423
      flesch: 44
     summary: This approach is important in identifying bioenergy plants and product streams that are sensitive to fluctuations in production capacities brought about by climate change-induced events. The disruption of the BGP plant caused a higher reduction in its net output (i.e., biogas) compared to other bioenergy plants.
    keywords: bioenergy; capacity; component; disruption; output; park; plant; production
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        item: #3242 of 7527
          id: cet-1492
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-1492
        date: 2017-04-10
       words: 2528
      flesch: 58
     summary: Si Dj Sp Dj i j F F F F F        (4) 1 0 0 1 p B B B S S reg reg Si , 1 1 1 B B S , reg , Sp, S , reg , Sp, F F F F F F  
    keywords: hydrogen; pinch; purification
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        item: #3243 of 7527
          id: cet-1493
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-1493
        date: 2017-04-10
       words: 3112
      flesch: 46
     summary: Nonetheless, the bottleneck factor of CO2 fixation trough microalgae is due to CO2 dissolution in water. CO2 dissolution was observed through concentration level of inorganic carbon.
    keywords: carbon; co2; concentration; culture; dissolution; growth; marine; microalgae; water; zeolite
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        item: #3244 of 7527
          id: cet-1494
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-1494
        date: 2017-04-10
       words: 4491
      flesch: 54
     summary: AD of FW is a complex process that simultaneously digests all organic substrate in a single stage system (Zhang et al., 2014). VFAs, include acetate, propionate, butyrate and valerate, can be consumed by syntrophic acetogens and methanogens (Zhang et al., 2014).
    keywords: anaerobic; biogas; digestion; inoculum; production; ratio; vfas; waste
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        item: #3245 of 7527
          id: cet-1495
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-1495
        date: 2017-04-10
       words: 3485
      flesch: 41
     summary: The total heavy metals in the final CD and PM were higher than the initial values and also the control without the worms (due to the concentrated of substrates), however vermicomposting decreased the migration and availability of heavy metals Vermicompo sted pig manure (PM) 13.30 5.70 7.10 Song et al. (2014) Su- zhou, China Vermicompo sted cow manure/ mushroom residues 11.32 5.62 7.57 Investigating the effects of vermicomposting on the mobility and availability of heavy metal Composting increased the total heavy metal concentration irrespective of the presence of earthworm in both cases; but the availability of heavy metal significantly decreased especially in vermicomposting Vermicompo sted pig manure/ mushroom residues 10.43 6.70 7.35 Immobilisation of heavy metal by compost Intensification of industrialisation and urbanisation, and the intensive use of chemical fertiliser, herbicide, pesticide, and fungicide, have caused the contamination of many agricultural soils with heavy metals (Khairiah et al., 2012).
    keywords: amendment; chemical; compost; composting; johor; malaysia; metals; quality; soil; utm; waste
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        item: #3246 of 7527
          id: cet-1496
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 085 - ICLCA CET 111.docx
        date: 2017-10-31
       words: 2653
      flesch: 37
     summary: As the new approach in urban climatology studies, the validity of computer simulation seems always to be underpinned (Ali et al., 2015). Besides overcoming the limitation of time, spaces and cost, computer simulation offers an effective solution to perform hypothetical studies.
    keywords: approach; computer; configuration; modelling; observation; simulation; study
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        item: #3247 of 7527
          id: cet-1497
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-1497
        date: 2017-04-10
       words: 2949
      flesch: 51
     summary: A publication of The Italian Association of Chemical Engineering Online at www.aidic.it/cet Guest Editors: Jiří Jaromír Klemeš, Peng Yen Liew, Wai Shin Ho, Jeng Shiun Lim Copyright © 2017, AIDIC Servizi S.r.l., ISBN 978-88-95608-47-1; ISSN 2283-9216 Growth of Bacillus Coagulans Using Molasses as a Nutrient Source Nur Farzana Ahmad Sanadia, Yee Van Fana, Chee Woh Leowa, Jin Hong Wonga, Yin Shin Koay a, Chew Tin Leea*, Lee Suan Chuab, Mohamad Roji Sarmidic aFaculty of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Department of Bioprocess Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 Johor bInstitue of Bioproduct Development, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 Johor cInnovation Centre in Agritechnology for Advanced Bioprocessing (ICA), Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 Johor ctlee@utm.my Bacillus coagulans (B. coagulans) can be utilized as microbial inoculant to speed up the bioremediation of wastewater. 513 Figure 1: OD600 of B. coagulans in 1, 3, 5 % (w/v) of molasses (denoted as M 1 %, M 3 %, M 5 %) and MRS broth (MRS) as benchmark Table 4: Specific growth rate of B. coagulans Sample Specific growth rate, µmax (h-1) MRS M 1 % M 3 % M 5 % 0.65 0.14 - - 3.2 Growth of Bacillus coagulans by Colony-Forming Unit (CFU)
    keywords: broth; coagulans; growth; molasses; mrs; rate; source
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        item: #3248 of 7527
          id: cet-1498
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-1498
        date: 2017-04-10
       words: 2816
      flesch: 48
     summary: The X- axis is the cumulative of waste area in the landfill and Y-axis represent the cumulative of carbon emission arranged from the lowest to the greatest t CO2/t waste. In general, WAMPA require users to identify the carbon emission constraint with targeted landfill reduction and adjust to three strategies in waste management (Reuse, Reduce & Recycle (3R), Waste to Energy (WtE), and landfilling).
    keywords: analysis; area; carbon; emission; landfill; management; pinch; waste
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        item: #3249 of 7527
          id: cet-1499
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-1499
        date: 2017-04-10
       words: 3008
      flesch: 45
     summary: This dataset has important applications to outline new strategies for tropical urban areas for low carbon societies in the region. In urban areas, if the supply of mass or energy is greater than the physical capability of the local atmospheric system to remove it, the system’s mass or energy content will increase, altering the climate system of the area (Roth, 2007) hence, creating the urban microclimate.
    keywords: air; figure; humidity; kuala; microclimate; speed; temperature; wind
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        item: #3250 of 7527
          id: cet-150
      author: TW
       title: cet-150
        date: 2017-10-04
       words: 3408
      flesch: 59
     summary: Previous works aiming to enhance the heat transfer performance of tube heat exchanger with gas as working fluid can be divided into two categories, enlarging the heat transfer area by using finned tube and heightening the turbulence intensity of fluid by using insertion in tube. In order to validate the reliability of this design program, the well-known Gnielinski correlations (6-7, Gnielinski, 1975), as shown below, are employed in the program for smooth tube heat exchanger.
    keywords: gas; heat; hthe; transfer; tube;  
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        item: #3251 of 7527
          id: cet-1500
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-1500
        date: 2017-04-10
       words: 2891
      flesch: 50
     summary: From this study, despite of large investment cost, DCS with biogas fuelled CHP and absorption cooling system not only can reduce electricity loads by generating electricity for on-site usage, but also reduces carbon emission compared to other cooling systems. 2.2.1 Energy consumption Assuming that the coefficient of performance, COP of cooling system is 1.0, Total Energy Consumption, TC (MWh/y)
    keywords: carbon; cooling; dcs; electricity; energy; malaysia; system
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        item: #3252 of 7527
          id: cet-1501
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-1501
        date: 2017-04-10
       words: 3601
      flesch: 35
     summary: Gauci J., 2001, Solid waste management indicators, <www.um.edu.mt/islands/si-mo/.../Gauci_report1.doc> accessed 4.06.2016 Harris J.M., Roach B., 2013, Environmental and Natural Resource Economics: A Contemporary Approach, 3rd ed., M. E. Sharpe, Inc., New York, USA. Since solid waste management is considered as one of the important aspects of sustainable development, SIs are developed to measure and monitor its performances.
    keywords: development; environment; indicators; malaysia; management; sis; state; system; waste; waste management
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        item: #3253 of 7527
          id: cet-1502
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-1502
        date: 2017-04-10
       words: 3582
      flesch: 47
     summary: The difference of energy output in mid-rise building (7 levels) between the Roof area and whole façade area was up to 3.6 times. Consequently, after calculation the total amount of energy output.
    keywords: algeria; bipv; building; energy; kwh; output; power; solar; windows
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        item: #3254 of 7527
          id: cet-1503
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-1503
        date: 2017-04-10
       words: 3701
      flesch: 49
     summary: Figure 2: Comparison of ANN predicted with measured data for engine analysis 3.4 Kinetic modeling analysis Study kinetic for some variations in temperature and time on the transesterification process J50C50 oil at the optimum condition is generated by using ANN namely methanol-to-oil molar ratio at 40 % v/v, agitation speed is 1794 rpm and the catalyst concentration was 0.68 wt % can be seen in Figure 3. Table 2: The Box-Behnken experimental design results for transesterification of J50C50 oil mixture No. Experiment A Methanol (%) B Speed (rpm) C Catalyst (%)
    keywords: biodiesel; curcas; j50c50; methanol; oil; pentandra; process; value
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        item: #3255 of 7527
          id: cet-1504
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-1504
        date: 2017-04-10
       words: 3611
      flesch: 46
     summary: This abundant amount of food waste is appealing to second generation bioethanol production since in durian seed the high content of carbohydrate, as the main key-element in bioethanol production, holds the practical potential as a sustainable feedstock for bioethanol production. The advantageous ultrasound-assisted enzymatic hydrolysis method, coupled with the potential of durian seed as the feedstock in second generation bioethanol production drives this study upfront, so that a favourable quality of bioethanol can be produced as the outcome of this study.
    keywords: bioethanol; durian; ethanol; fermentation; hydrolysis; process; production; seed; sugar; ultrasound
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        item: #3256 of 7527
          id: cet-1505
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-1505
        date: 2017-04-10
       words: 3055
      flesch: 52
     summary: Sensitivity analysis of costs has also been done by the authors to address the continuous changing of renewable technologies costs. The aforementioned works mostly focus on the finding of minimum system and energy costs, given a specific technology of the RE.
    keywords: cost; design; electricity; energy; hps; power; wind
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        item: #3257 of 7527
          id: cet-1506
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-1506
        date: 2017-04-10
       words: 3746
      flesch: 37
     summary: With only some exceptions, waste management in Kazakhstan is in the very first steps and municipal solid waste is disposed in open dumps and a small portion in engineered landfills (Inglezakis et al., 2014; Ministry of Environment and Water Resources, 2014). The DSS tool for waste management is a computer integrated tool, aiming at supporting the decision maker throughout the various steps of waste management planning and allows a thorough understanding of the complex interplay between the numerous factors involved in integrated waste management.
    keywords: almaty; astana; data; dss; kazakhstan; management; msw; republic; tool; waste
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        item: #3258 of 7527
          id: cet-1507
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-1507
        date: 2017-04-10
       words: 2790
      flesch: 56
     summary: This study aims to produce an insulating material using rice husk ash, bentonite and exfoliated graphite to enhance the silica content in a composite termed as rice husk granules (RHG). Introduction Compared to other biomase fuels, approximately 20 %, rice husk has an uncommonly high in ash.
    keywords: ash; conductivity; husk; material; rha; rhg; rice; sample; silica
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        item: #3259 of 7527
          id: cet-1508
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-1508
        date: 2017-04-10
       words: 3684
      flesch: 59
     summary: Mаny reseаrches (Kаpаnen et аl., 2013; Rhind et аl., 2013) points that orgаnic compounds аre found in sewаge sludge аt high concentrаtions (PCBs, DEHPs, PАHs аnd etc.). Existing Europeаn legislаtion governing lаnd аpplicаtion of sludge and the monitoring of sludge quаlity (Directive 86/278/EEC) still rise mаny questions аbout the risks аssociаted with the presence of orgаnic compounds in sludge.
    keywords: compost; compounds; directive; orgаnic; pаhs; sewаge; sewаge sludge; sludge; wаste; аnd; аre
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        item: #3260 of 7527
          id: cet-1509
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-1509
        date: 2017-04-10
       words: 3420
      flesch: 44
     summary: Recently, the transformation of high molecular weight NR into low molecular weight liquid rubber via various process i.e. mastication, ozonolysis (Mohd Nor and Ebdon, 2000), oxidative degradation (Kargarzadeh et al., 2015) or combination of physical and chemical degradation (Gupta et al., 1985) has gained significant interest. a significant broad peak at 3,600 – 3,200 cm-1 which indicate a substantial amount of hydroxyl groups presence in the structure was observed.
    keywords: ethanol; groups; hydroxyl; presence; reaction; rubber; weight
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        item: #3261 of 7527
          id: cet-151
      author: TW
       title: cet-151
        date: 2017-10-04
       words: 4068
      flesch: 47
     summary: The design of WHENs is related to the concept of Appropriate Placement for pressure-changing equipment such as compressors and expanders in heat exchanger networks. The authors also developed a superstructure for work exchange networks that interacts with heat exchanger networks (2014b).
    keywords: design; gundersen; heat; integration; networks; pressure; process; temperature; work
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        item: #3262 of 7527
          id: cet-1510
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-1510
        date: 2017-04-10
       words: 2961
      flesch: 41
     summary: A sensitivity study was performed in order to examine and analyse the performance of CO2-ECBM through vertical and horizontal wells by varying the well spacing between CBM producer and CO2 injector wells (70 m, 140 m, 210 m, 350 m, and 490 m). In the sensitivity study of horizontal well length, the selected 70 m well spacing was investigated by varying lateral length from 210 m to 560 m. Volume of CO2 stored and production performance of 30 y for each case are summarized in Table 4.
    keywords: co2; coal; ecbm; methane; production; recovery; seams
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        item: #3263 of 7527
          id: cet-1511
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-1511
        date: 2017-04-10
       words: 2953
      flesch: 49
     summary: Table 2: BET surface area of CT catalysts at different calcination temperature Calcination temperature (°C) SBET (m2/g) 200 72.34 400 18.45 600 17.15 800 41.06 Figure 1 shows the XRD pattern of CT catalyst at a calcination temperature of 200, 400, 600 and 800 °C. CT catalyst was produced under different calcination temperature (200 °C, 400 °C, 600 °C, 800 °C).
    keywords: biodiesel; calcination; cao; catalyst; surface; temperature; wco
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        item: #3264 of 7527
          id: cet-1512
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-1512
        date: 2017-04-10
       words: 3680
      flesch: 45
     summary: Umdu E.S., Tuncer M., Seker E., 2009, Transesterification of nannochloropsis oculata microalgas lipid to biodiesel on Al2O3 supported CaO and MgO catalysts, Bioresource Technology 100, 2828–2831. Viriya-empikul N., Krasae P., Puttasawat B., Yoosuk B., Chollacoop N. Faungnawakij K., 2010, Water shells of mollusk and egg as biodiesel production catalyst, Bioresource Technology 101, 3765–3767 Wu H., Zhang J., Wei Q., Zheng J., Zhang J., 2013, Transesterification of soybean oil to biodiesel using zeolite supported CaO as strong base catalyst, Fuel Processing Technology 109, 13–18 For catalyst production, chicken eggshell was collected from local restaurants and raw rice husk was purchased from Qhadijah Natural Farm, which was located at Parit Buntar, Perak.
    keywords: biodiesel; cao; catalyst; methanol; oil; reaction; silica; temperature; transesterification; yield
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        item: #3265 of 7527
          id: cet-1513
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-1513
        date: 2017-04-10
       words: 4045
      flesch: 39
     summary: On the other hand, leadership is important within the reporting entity 608 organisation when making decision to undertake emissions reporting activities. This study is aimed at investigate to what extent does the carbon (CO2) and energy use reporting being incorporated in the existing reporting practices by facility managers for government office buildings in Putrajaya.
    keywords: building; carbon; co2; drive; emissions; energy; factors; government; putrajaya; reporting; use
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        item: #3266 of 7527
          id: cet-1514
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-1514
        date: 2017-04-10
       words: 3643
      flesch: 53
     summary: One kg of sterilized composting input material was added with two types of microbial inoculants (MIs) (i.e. BC or the EM, the initial MI has an OD of 0.8), each has the volume of 800 mL. The mixture was homogenised manually before being transferred to the SSCFBR. On the 4th d of composting, the production of CO2 in EM compost showed a near constant value (0.008 ± 0.002
    keywords: co2; composting; materials; microbial; moisture; rate; sscfbr; temperature
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        item: #3267 of 7527
          id: cet-1515
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-1515
        date: 2017-04-10
       words: 3373
      flesch: 43
     summary: Hence, the main purpose of this study is to investigate the adsorption of residual free fatty acids after the production process of biodiesel from PFAD, using modified potato and cassava starch adsorbents, along with a commercial adsorbent, Magnesol®, in the purification of biodiesel. Dry washing processes are those that use adsorbents for biodiesel purification.
    keywords: adsorbent; adsorption; biodiesel; cassava; ffa; magnesol; potato; starch
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        item: #3268 of 7527
          id: cet-1516
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-1516
        date: 2017-04-10
       words: 4060
      flesch: 51
     summary: Reference Ahmad M.Z., Hashim H., Yunus N.A., Muis Z.A., 2015, Optimal solvent design for CO2 capture process, Chemical Engineering Transactions 45, 1135-1140. The reaction interaction between CO2 and solvent will not be assessed in this study due to the limitation of data of new alternatives solvent.
    keywords: absorption; capture; co2; mea; pccc; performance; process; solvent; study
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        item: #3269 of 7527
          id: cet-1517
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-1517
        date: 2017-04-10
       words: 2823
      flesch: 43
     summary: Even for equivalent ratios of 0.4 the expected char yields are almost 60 % of the initial mass. Figure 3: Final char yields for different amounts of reactive oxygen and a temperature of 650 °C. For 850 K, the solid yield of potassium is over 80 %, gradually decreases with increasing temperature and reaches as low as 53 % for a temperature of 1,050 K. 634 Figure 4: Remaining potassium solid yields after-treatment in the after-burner for different temperatures Finally, a very interesting result that can be returned by applying this model is the accurate calculation of the main molar fractions of the gaseous phase.
    keywords: burner; char; model; phase; potassium; scale; yield
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        item: #3270 of 7527
          id: cet-1518
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-1518
        date: 2017-04-10
       words: 3942
      flesch: 50
     summary: While POME biogas can contribute a substantial amount of energy to the nation, POME biogas plants are usually located in rural area thus hindering wide application of the biogas. This paper emphasised the options of POME biogas for off-site utilization that follow the requirement of Malaysian Standards and Regulations.
    keywords: biogas; cng; energy; lng; malaysia; oil; palm; pipeline; pome; transportation; truck
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        item: #3271 of 7527
          id: cet-1519
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-1519
        date: 2017-04-10
       words: 3288
      flesch: 49
     summary: Microalgae-based Carbon Capture and Utilization (CCU) has becoming one of the promising technologies to reduce CO2 emissions due to the ability of microalgae to absorb the CO2 for photosynthesis. 1. Introduction Government of Malaysia has pledged to reduce 45 % of CO2 emissions by 2030 as compared to the previous pledge which is to reduce carbon emission intensity of gross domestic product (GDP) up to 40% by 2020 (Goh, 2015).
    keywords: biomass; ccu; co2; emissions; firing; malaysia; microalgae; plant; power; usd
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        item: #3272 of 7527
          id: cet-152
      author: TW
       title: cet-152
        date: 2017-10-04
       words: 3949
      flesch: 58
     summary: The third shell containing Cu atoms finds in the local structure of Cu atom in the treated and after catalysis samples. Hypercrosslinked polystyrene (HPS) is a rigid polymer with high mechanical and chemical stability that can be a good matrix for catalyst synthesis (Nemygina et al., 2016).
    keywords: atom; catalyst; cuo; hps; methanol; samples; synthesis; zno
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        item: #3273 of 7527
          id: cet-1520
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-1520
        date: 2017-04-10
       words: 3683
      flesch: 43
     summary: To date, CO2 capture technology can be divided into four categories which are post combustion, pre-combustion, oxygen fuel combustion and chemical looping combustion (Spigarelli and Kawatra, 2013). Huang and Tan (2014) reviewed on the existing and under development CO2 utilization technologies specifically on direct utilization and chemical conversion of CO2.
    keywords: capture; carbon; ccs; ccus; co2; emission; energy; reduction; storage; utilization
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        item: #3274 of 7527
          id: cet-1521
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-1521
        date: 2017-04-10
       words: 3067
      flesch: 49
     summary: Therefore, the main objective of this paper is to conduct a comprehensive kinetic study to determine the DOI: 10.3303/CET1756110 Please cite this article as: Talebian-Kiakalaieh A., Amin N.A.S., 2017, Kinetic study on catalytic conversion of glycerol to renewable acrolein, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 56, 655-660 DOI:10.3303/CET1756110 655 kinetic parameters (e.g. reaction rate constants, activation energies, and frequency factors) for all the products in glycerol dehydration reaction using a new synthesized SiW20-Al/Zr10 solid acid catalyst. Identification of the intermediate steps and by-products formation is necessary since the mechanisms, reaction rates, and activation energies related to the majority of glycerol dehydration reaction by-products are %100(%) , ,, × − = feedinGl outletinGlfeedinGl Gl M MM Conversion 656 still unknown.
    keywords: acetol; acrolein; catalyst; dehydration; glycerol; kinetic; products; rate; reaction; temperature
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        item: #3275 of 7527
          id: cet-1522
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-1522
        date: 2017-04-10
       words: 3775
      flesch: 33
     summary: Statistical techniques have been used to evaluate the relationship between diverse socio-economic factors and the composition of generated waste (Dennison et al., 1996a) and quantity (Dennison et al., 1996b). The applicability of models that are based on the multivariate econometric approach and apply statistical tools to forecast and manage the MSW was also demonstrated (Abdoli et al., 2011).
    keywords: economic; et al; factors; household; management; public; recycling; socio; study; swm; waste; waste management
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        item: #3276 of 7527
          id: cet-1523
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-1523
        date: 2017-04-10
       words: 3135
      flesch: 50
     summary: It was likely that the R. palustris was effective in converting the H+ from the organic acid to hydrogen gases, hence resulting in the reduction of soil acidity (resulted in high soil pH reading). (2014) who used CaCO3 to treat acidic soil (acidic sulphate 670 soil).
    keywords: adsorption; application; caco3; dpl; palustris; soil
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        item: #3277 of 7527
          id: cet-1524
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-1524
        date: 2017-04-10
       words: 2933
      flesch: 43
     summary: Urban forests have been demonstrated to filter the polluted air (Nowak et al., 2013), sequester atmospheric CO2 in Canada (McGovern and Pasher, 2016) and Malaysia (Kanniah et al., 2014; Kanniah, 2016), manage storm water to reduce flash floods (Kok et al., 2016; FAO, 2016), DOI: 10.3303/CET1756113 Please cite this article as: Kanniah K.D., Ho C.S., 2017, Urban forest cover change and sustainability of malaysian cities, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 56, 673-678 DOI:10.3303/CET1756113 673 support local wildlife (Karuppanan et al., 2014), mitigate urban heat (Zölch et al., 2016) and increase property values (Siriwardena et al., 2016). 4. Discussion The analysis of urban forest cover and its changes between 2000 and 2012 in the four highly urbanised cities in Peninsular Malaysia shows a remarkable loss especially in the two cities located within Iskandar Malaysia region, i.e. a net loss of 7.3 % and 10 % for Johor Bahru and Pasir Gudang from the total land area.
    keywords: cities; cover; forest; johor; malaysia; tree; tree cover; urban
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        item: #3278 of 7527
          id: cet-1525
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-1525
        date: 2017-04-10
       words: 3088
      flesch: 39
     summary: The quality and quantity of urban green space is one of the prime concerns for planners and city administrators. Ashiha (1998) argues that urban green spaces in Malaysia are designed only for beautification.
    keywords: cities; development; green; information; land; malaysia; planning; remote; sensing; space
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        item: #3279 of 7527
          id: cet-1526
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-1526
        date: 2017-04-10
       words: 2709
      flesch: 44
     summary: Apart from the WPCI carbon footprinting guideline, the United States Environment Protection Agency (USEPA) have also provided a guideline for port emissions inventory. Presently, several ports worldwide have started implementing initiatives towards green port with the objectives of protecting the environment and minimising environmental impacts caused by port activities.
    keywords: accounting; emissions; energy; framework; ghg; green; malaysia; port
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        item: #3280 of 7527
          id: cet-1527
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-1527
        date: 2017-04-10
       words: 2945
      flesch: 56
     summary: 2.2 Membrane Evaluation The characterization of PANI membrane was conducted by using four different tests on the samples. DOI: 10.3303/CET1756116 Please cite this article as: Ahmad A., Yunos M.Z., Harun Z., Hassan M.F., Adzila S., Arifin A.M.T., Rahman M.N.A., Haq R.H.A., 2017, Effect of polyaniline on surface properties of polysulfone membrane, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 56, 691-696 DOI:10.3303/CET1756116 691 In recent decades, there are a lot of researches on improving membrane surface to reduce membrane hydrophilicity.
    keywords: figure; membrane; pani; pore; porosity; psf; result; surface; water
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        item: #3281 of 7527
          id: cet-1528
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-1528
        date: 2017-04-10
       words: 2669
      flesch: 44
     summary: Overall comparison shows that the addition of GO can increase membrane pure water flux rate. The effect of GO synthesization from graphite incorporated into polymer membrane was investigated, observed and studied based on the permeation and rejection of humic acid performance onto the PSf/GO membranes.
    keywords: acid; concentration; flux; membrane; polymer; psf; rejection; water
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        item: #3282 of 7527
          id: cet-1529
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-1529
        date: 2017-04-10
       words: 2695
      flesch: 50
     summary: The performance of PANI membrane was conducted by using three different tests on the samples. The result showed that by blending PANI in PSf membrane, the contact angle decreased up to 17 %.
    keywords: hydrophilicity; membrane; pani; performance; psf; rejection; result; water
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        item: #3283 of 7527
          id: cet-153
      author: TW
       title: cet-153
        date: 2017-10-04
       words: 2780
      flesch: 47
     summary: Selectivity towards sorbitol, calculated as a relation of sorbitol quantity to overall glucose conversion, was 97 – 98 % for all studied catalysts is comparable to commonly used industrial sponge Ni catalysts (selectivity up to 96 – 98 %) and higher than that obtained for glucose hydrogenation on ruthenium supported on MgO, silica, alumina and TiO2 (process selectivity 20 – 80 %). The apparent activation energy of glucose hydrogenation process calculated according to the Arrhenius equation was found to be 58 kJ/mol for HPS-Ni-25 % catalyst.
    keywords: catalyst; figure; glucose; hps; hydrogenation; ni-25; pressure; reaction; selectivity; temperature
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        item: #3284 of 7527
          id: cet-1530
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-1530
        date: 2017-04-10
       words: 2732
      flesch: 45
     summary: The natural graphite powder and synthesized GO were presented by XRD pattern respectively. This strong effect of Hydrophilicity property definitely can create more advantages of GO application to build new materials for future challenge applications and globalization.
    keywords: cm-1; graphene; graphite; oxide; stirring; time
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        item: #3285 of 7527
          id: cet-1531
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-1531
        date: 2017-04-10
       words: 3203
      flesch: 45
     summary: The objective of this study is to assess the applicability of microalgae CO2 utilization in biogas upgrading technologies. In this study, economic and environmental aspect of microalgae CO2 utilization in biogas upgrading technologies are investigated.
    keywords: biogas; co2; cost; microalgae; oil; palm; table; technologies; upgrading
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        item: #3286 of 7527
          id: cet-1532
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-1532
        date: 2017-04-10
       words: 3958
      flesch: 48
     summary: The following year, Farmahini et al. (2011) reported that the MDEA blended with PZ offered a good combination for CO2 absorption process. Similar approach was used by DOI: 10.3303/CET1756121 Please cite this article as: Masiren E.E., Harun N., 2017, Comparison of different types of carbamate amine for stripping process, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 56, 721-726 DOI:10.3303/CET1756121 721 Singh (2011) but using the solvent hexamethylenediamine (HMDA) for CO2 absorption process.
    keywords: absorption; amine; amp; bond; carbamate; co2; interaction; mea; process; simulation; water
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        item: #3287 of 7527
          id: cet-1533
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-1533
        date: 2017-04-10
       words: 2300
      flesch: 42
     summary: Like biodiesel, green diesel is a next generation biofuels emerging due to the need for a renewable replacement of petrodiesel. Green diesel is a mixture of carbon chains which are derived from lignocellulosic biomass and the fuel properties are naturally similar to the petrodiesel.
    keywords: biofuels; biomass; chemical; diesel; energy; figure; petrodiesel; production; resources
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        item: #3288 of 7527
          id: cet-1534
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-1534
        date: 2017-04-10
       words: 3489
      flesch: 43
     summary: Empirical studies on the extent of Green IT adoption was reported to be scanty in the extant literature (Thomas et al., 2016). Studying on the behaviour of university students could help promote Green IT adoption and fill the existing gap.
    keywords: acceptance; adoption; green; information; intention; model; readiness; technology; use
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        item: #3289 of 7527
          id: cet-1535
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-1535
        date: 2017-04-10
       words: 4471
      flesch: 47
     summary: DOI: 10.3303/CET1756124 Please cite this article as: Husin M.F., Hassim M.H., Ng D.K.S., 2017, A heuristic framework for process safety assessment during research and development design stage, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 56, 739-744 DOI:10.3303/CET1756124 739 The main objective of this study is to produce a heuristic framework for process safety assessment in R&D design stage.
    keywords: assessment; chemical; data; design; framework; phase; process; reaction; safety; stage
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        item: #3290 of 7527
          id: cet-1536
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-1536
        date: 2017-04-10
       words: 3598
      flesch: 53
     summary: Section 3 provides an introduction to the method used in this paper and applies the method to optimization of palm oil refining process. The last step in palm oil refining process is deodorisation process.
    keywords: acid; bleaching; dosage; earth; model; oil; optimisation; palm; process; refining
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        item: #3291 of 7527
          id: cet-1537
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-1537
        date: 2017-04-10
       words: 3250
      flesch: 52
     summary: It was reported that 10 °C different in reactor feed temperature parameters may not cause reaction temperature peaks to differ more than 10 °C (Gupta et al., 1985). Plots of reactor temperature along the axial length of TR for all the models were shown and significant variations were observed between each model.
    keywords: constant; initiator; ldpe; model; rate; reactor; temperature
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        item: #3292 of 7527
          id: cet-1538
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-1538
        date: 2017-04-10
       words: 3777
      flesch: 45
     summary: Bokis et al. (2002) presented a comprehensive methodology for developing a steady state model of LDPE tubular reactor process using Polymer Plus® (Aspen Tech). Based on a comparison with available literature data, the selected equation of state and reaction kinetic model had performed well in simulating tubular reactor temperature profile, polymer molecular weight and monomer conversion.
    keywords: conversion; flow; initiator; model; polymer; rate; reactor; temperature
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        item: #3293 of 7527
          id: cet-1539
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-1539
        date: 2017-04-10
       words: 2976
      flesch: 48
     summary: Table 2: Kaolin adsorbent H2S adsorption capacity compare to activated carbon and zinc oxide adsorbents Adsorbent Adsorption capacity (mg H2S/g sorbent) (2013) carried out H2S adsorption by using virgin activated carbon and impregnated activated carbon.
    keywords: adsorbent; adsorption; biogas; breakthrough; capacity; chemical; h2s; kaolin; removal; temperature
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        item: #3294 of 7527
          id: cet-154
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-154
        date: 2017-10-04
       words: 3382
      flesch: 49
     summary: Figure 4: Percentage change in final output of bioenergy park in demand perturbation scenarios Table 3: Risk ranking of bioenergy plants Disrupted bioenergy plant Baseline Scenario 1 Scenario 2 Scenario 3 Scenario 4 BGP 1 1 1 1 1 CHP 2 2 3 3 2 BEP 3 3 2 4 3 BDP 4 4 4 2 4 5. The inoperability of bioenergy plants can be caused by supply-side disruptions due to reductions in the available biomass feedstocks.
    keywords: analysis; bioenergy; criticality; demand; graph; output; product; scenario
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        item: #3295 of 7527
          id: cet-1540
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-1540
        date: 2017-04-10
       words: 4058
      flesch: 38
     summary: This was expected since polymerisation reactor process typically suffers from high nonlinearity and dynamic behaviour. Zavala and Biegler 771 (2009) had employed several optimisation-based strategies for LDPE tubular reactor control.
    keywords: control; controller; flow; ldpe; model; nmpc; polymerisation; process; rate; reactor; temperature
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        item: #3296 of 7527
          id: cet-1541
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-1541
        date: 2017-04-10
       words: 2863
      flesch: 55
     summary: Table 2: Criteria of original HEN and new HEN designs at ΔTmin = 40 °C Criteria Original HEN New HEN PA matching rules Not followed Followed Number of Heat Exchanger 2 4 No of heater No Yes EER value (kW) 1,606.5 1,606.5 HEA value (m2) 46.3 42.4 PFD Figure 2 Figure 3 777 101 103 153A 134A 153B 135 103A 105 111112 113 108 104 109 110 116 117 153 106 140 136 137 118 119 127 129 121 To Vac TWR TWS TWS TWR C16 98% Lights to V5 130 133 TWS TWR C16-18 C16-18 from other source LPS LPC MPS TWR MPR Feed Vessel1 Vessel2 To other unit TWR TWS To Vac To C12-14 LPS Condenser Reboiler Boiler DMW Column1 Column2 Cooler3 120 Lights to other unit Cooler2 Cooler1 Heat Exchanger2 Heat Exchanger1 Heater1 Heater2 134 Figure 2: Process flow diagram of original HEN for a unit in FAFP 111112 113 109 110 116 117 140 136 137 119 127 129 121 To Vac TWR TWS TWS TWR C16 98% Lights to other unit 130 133 TWS TWR To C16- 18 MPS MPR C1 Vessel1 Vessel2 To other unit TWR TWS To Vac To C12-14 LPS Condenser Reboiler Boiler DMW Column1 Column2 Cooler3 120 Lights to other unit U5 Cooler1 HE4HE2 HE1 U2 H3 10 HE3 U14 23 101 9 10 U3 H3 Out 8 5 105 H2 6 7 H2 Out 118 12 11 108 107 LPS LPCU1 Figure 3: Process flow diagram of new HEN for a unit in FAFP 3.2 Multi-objectives function calculation All objective function values were collected from Design Target and HEN Design Analysis stages and tabulated and results of multi-objective functions is presented in Table 3.
    keywords: design; exchanger; feasibility; heat; hen; process; value; δtmin
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        item: #3297 of 7527
          id: cet-1542
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-1542
        date: 2017-04-10
       words: 3750
      flesch: 46
     summary: The aim of the current research is to examine the effect of ultrasound on Labisia pumila extraction in the 25 L mobile extractor. In Figure 2, there is clear evidence that extraction yield using ultrasound assisted is high for both materials to solvent ratio.
    keywords: acid; assisted; duty; extraction; labisia; pumila; solvent; temperature; ultrasound; yield
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        item: #3298 of 7527
          id: cet-1543
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-1543
        date: 2017-04-10
       words: 2418
      flesch: 42
     summary: All of these findings show that the methodology is able to design better sensitivity and minimum energy distillation column sequence for HM fractionation process in an easy, practical and systematic manner. The results of this study found that driving force sequence is more robust in maintaining its controlled variables (in this case is energy requirement) in the presence of disturbance than other sequences.
    keywords: driving; energy; force; process; sequence
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        item: #3299 of 7527
          id: cet-1544
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-1544
        date: 2017-04-10
       words: 3597
      flesch: 55
     summary: Brat D., Weber C., Lorenzen W., Bode H.B., Boles E., 2012, Cytosolic re-localization and optimization of valine synthesis and catabolism enables increased isobutanol production with the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Biotechnol. Chen X., Nielsen K.F., Borodina I., Kielland-Brandt M.C., Karhumaa K., 2011, Increased isobutanol production in Saccharomyces cerevisiae by overexpression of genes in valine metabolism, Biotechnol.
    keywords: biomass; cerevisiae; concentration; fermentation; fuel; glucose; growth; isobutanol; kinetics; production
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        item: #3300 of 7527
          id: cet-1545
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-1545
        date: 2017-04-10
       words: 2718
      flesch: 50
     summary: Conclusions An extensive literature search to collect flavonoids solubility data in pure organic solvents and water has been accomplished. Figure 2: Solubility of puerarin in methanol in comparison between experimental (full lines) and prediction made by the newly developed UNIFAC model (dashed lines) 802 Table 3: Matrix of readjusted UNIFAC interaction parameters for flavonoids CH2 C=C ACH aCCH2
    keywords: data; engineering; flavonoids; model; solubility; unifac
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        item: #3301 of 7527
          id: cet-1546
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-1546
        date: 2017-04-10
       words: 2799
      flesch: 50
     summary: The lower the ash content, the higher the purity of the pectin. Figure 1: Graph of yield, moisture content and ash content of pectin extracted with different extraction time 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 20 40 60 80 P er ce nt ag e (% ) Extraction Time (min) Pectin Yield Moisture Content Ash Content 807 3.3 Determination of degree of esterification Figure 2 shows the FTIR spectra of pectin extracted with different extraction times, commercial citrus pectin 26 % and 59 % DE. min extraction which was 10.02 % and the lowest ash content was at 80 min extraction (7.10 %).
    keywords: antioxidant; content; dragon; extraction; fruit; min; pectin
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        item: #3302 of 7527
          id: cet-1547
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-1547
        date: 2017-04-10
       words: 3453
      flesch: 52
     summary: Carbon gels usually have surfaces of around 600 - 700 m2/g, while that of activated carbon surfaces can exceed 2,000 m2/g. Due to these important properties — high porosity, surface area and pore volume, controllable pore structure and pore size distribution, carbon gel can be fitted in specific application and seem to be a promising adsorbent for continuous mode of adsorption (Moreno et al., 2013). This work aims to evaluate the feasibility of carbon gel as the adsorbent in dye wastewater treatment.
    keywords: adsorption; area; carbon; dye; equilibrium; gel; gels; ro16; surface
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        item: #3303 of 7527
          id: cet-1548
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-1548
        date: 2017-04-10
       words: 3726
      flesch: 44
     summary: The main aim of this study is to develop a hybrid framework for assessing fugitive emissions health risk by integrating the concepts of Layers of Protection, Source-Path-Receptor and Hierarchy of Control. 2. Hazards Control in Process Industries Generally, process hazards can be dealt with using two main approaches: (1) extrinsically and (2) intrinsically.
    keywords: chemical; design; emissions; hazard; health; process; protection; risk; safety
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        item: #3304 of 7527
          id: cet-1549
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-1549
        date: 2017-04-10
       words: 3041
      flesch: 49
     summary: The four main ISD keywords are then further classified into a hierarchy of inherent safety order. To enhance the uptake of inherent safety into chemical plant design, this paper aims to outline the common inherent safety strategies that have been used by the chemical process industry (CPI) to prevent accidents.
    keywords: 2nd; design; keywords; order; process; safety; strategy
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        item: #3305 of 7527
          id: cet-155
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-155
        date: 2017-10-04
       words: 3041
      flesch: 53
     summary: Research works provide valuable information on complex flow patterns and important engineering parameters for a standard design of stirred tanks. The design is based on a vessel of a cylindrical shape with an appropriate ratio of liquid level H to the vessel diameter D. Typical ratios depend on DOI: 10.3303/CET1761102 Please cite this article as: Juřena T., Dohnal M., Hájek J., 2017, Simulation of multiphase flow in stirred tank of nonstandard design, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 61, 625-630 DOI:10.3303/CET1761102 625 an application, for instance stirred tank fermenters are mostly designed with H/D ranging from 1:1 to 3:1 (Alok et al., 2014).
    keywords: baffles; chemical; flow; impeller; tank; vortex; water
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        item: #3306 of 7527
          id: cet-1550
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-1550
        date: 2017-04-10
       words: 2969
      flesch: 56
     summary: The absorbance values for fresh oil at 2,922 and 1,744 cm-1 are higher compared to used frying oils, with a decreasing trend in absorbance with increasing frying times (Figure 3(b) and 3(c)). The absorbance values for fresh oil at 2,922 and 1,744 cm-1 are higher compared to those of used frying oils, with a decreasing trend in absorbance with increasing frying times.
    keywords: data; frying; ftir; oil; oils; palm; quality; values
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        item: #3307 of 7527
          id: cet-1551
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-1551
        date: 2017-04-10
       words: 3676
      flesch: 54
     summary: 2. Materials and methods 2.1 Material Formaldehyde (HCHO, MW = 30.03 g/mol, 37 wt% in water), resorcinol (C6H6O2, MW = 110.11 g/mol, assay 99 %), sodium carbonate (Na2CO3, MW = 105.99 g/mol, assay 99.5 %), tert-butyl alcohol ((CH3)3COH, MW = 74.12 g/mol, assay 99 %), nitric acid (HNO3, MW = 63.01, 65 %) and congo red (C32H22N6Na2O6S2; MW = 696.7 g/mol) were used in the synthesis of RF carbon gels and adsorption studies. 2.2 Synthesis and characterisation of RF carbon gel
    keywords: adsorption; carbon; gels; mol; resorcinol; surface
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        item: #3308 of 7527
          id: cet-1552
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-1552
        date: 2017-04-10
       words: 3119
      flesch: 41
     summary: High consumption rate of papaya produces high DOI: 10.3303/CET1756141 Please cite this article as: Musa A., Wan Alwi S.R., Ngadi N., Abbaszadeh S., 2017, Effect of activating agents on the adsorption of ammoniacal nitrogen using activated carbon papaya peel, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 56, 841-846 DOI:10.3303/CET1756141 841 amount of papaya peel waste causing waste management problems. The surface area and porosity of the raw papaya peel (CP-raw) and activated carbon papaya peel (CPAC) were evaluated using BET analyser instruments (Surfer Analyser, Thermo Fisher Scientific, Italy).
    keywords: acid; adsorption; ammonium; carbon; hydroxide; nitrogen; papaya; peel; removal; surface
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        item: #3309 of 7527
          id: cet-1553
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-1553
        date: 2017-04-10
       words: 3342
      flesch: 44
     summary: Figure 4: Effect of diluents in liquid membrane on removal of acetic acid 850 3.4 Effect of flow rate of feed phase Flow rate of feed phase was an important parameter during solute permeation through liquid membrane phase (Manna et al., 2014). Malmali M., Stickel J.J., Wickramasinghe S.R., 2014, Sugar concentration and detoxification of clarified biomass hydrolysate by nanofiltration, Separation and Purification Technology 132, 655–665. Manna M.S., Saha P., Ghoshal A.K., 2014, Separation of medicinal catechins from tea leaves (Camellia sinensis) extract using hollow fiber supported liquid membrane (HF-SLM) module, Journal of Membrane Science 471, 219–226. Narayanan J., Palanivelu K., 2008, Recovery of acetic acid by supported liquid membrane using vegetable oils as liquid membrane, Indian Journal of Chemical Technology 15 (3), 266–270.
    keywords: acid; feed; flow; membrane; phase; process; rate; removal; slm; support; thickness
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        item: #3310 of 7527
          id: cet-1554
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-1554
        date: 2017-04-10
       words: 2452
      flesch: 58
     summary: In minimum phase system, based on the IAE value, it was concluded that the result of PID controller with tuning Ziegler-Nichols is superior to State Feedback controller in controlling the level and PID controller with detuning Mc Avoy is superior to State Feedback controller in controlling the temperature. Quadruple tank process is used to demonstrate the effects of the interaction and performance limitations and describes the dynamic condition in multivariable control system.
    keywords: controller; feedback; point; set; state; system; tank
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        item: #3311 of 7527
          id: cet-1555
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-1555
        date: 2017-04-10
       words: 3524
      flesch: 55
     summary: N N DN DS DN DN DN DN DN Sparging steam quality D W D D D D D DN DS DN DN DN DN DN Bleaching level N L N N N N N DN IS DN DN DN DN DN Feed flow rate N L N N N N N DN IS DN DN DN DN DN In Table 2, there are two parts which are antecedent and consequence. DOI: 10.3303/CET1756144 Please cite this article as: Mohamad Ali N.S., Yusof K.M., 2017, Fuzzy logic model development for troubleshooting at degumming and bleaching process, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 56, 859-864 DOI:10.3303/CET1756144 859 The application of fuzzy logic expert system has been widely used in many industries such as in transportation, automation, desalination and milling process.
    keywords: bleaching; data; dn dn; model; n n; oil; process; system; temperature
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        item: #3312 of 7527
          id: cet-1556
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-1556
        date: 2017-04-10
       words: 2892
      flesch: 53
     summary: 5 % ethanol in hexane 3.53 ± 0.39 1.14 ± 0.16 0.32 2.46 ± 0.42 0.25 ± 0.19 0.10 2.29 ± 0.40 0.12 ± 0.18 0.06 5 % ethanol in petroleum ether 2.62 ± 0.21 0.07 ± 0.11 0.03 2.18 ± 0.23 0.07 ± 0.12 0.03 2.32 ± 0.22 0.09 ± 0.11 0.04 5 % water in petroleum ether 63.36 ± 0.29 2.84 ± 0.23 0.05 65.72 ± 0.30 7.33 ± 0.17 0.11 64.10 ± 0.29 15.10 ± 0.22 0.24 Figure 4: Dielectric constant of castor oil by soxhlet extraction and MAE techniques using different solvents 4. Conclusion Solvents of low polarity (non-polar), such as hexane and petroleum ether are not effective for oil extraction by MAE. DOI: 10.3303/CET1756145 Please cite this article as: Ibrahim N.A., Zaini M.A.A., 2017, Solvent selection in microwave assisted extraction of castor oil, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 56, 865-870 DOI:10.3303/CET1756145 865 2. Materials and methods 2.1 Samples Castor beans were purchased from Ancient Greenfield Pvt. Ltd, India.
    keywords: castor; ethanol; extraction; mae; microwave; oil; solvent
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        item: #3313 of 7527
          id: cet-1557
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-1557
        date: 2017-04-10
       words: 3291
      flesch: 50
     summary: The relationship between roselle extraction yield and variables can be presented in the form of Eq(1) where X1 is the extraction pressure (MPa), X2 indicates the extraction temperature (°C) and X3 is the modifier amount (%). Table 4: Analysis of variance (ANOVA) for extraction yield of roselle in SC-CO2-ethanol system Source Sum of squares DF Mean squares F-value p-value Model 793.96 9 88.22 14.19 < 0.0001
    keywords: co2; extraction; modifier; pressure; red; roselle; temperature; yield
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        item: #3314 of 7527
          id: cet-1558
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-1558
        date: 2017-04-10
       words: 3378
      flesch: 58
     summary: The drying of paddy in LAMB dryer was affected by aeration temperature, aeration flow rate and the residence time. The advantages of this dryer are, it is inexpensive compared to the other dryer and have a faster withdrawal of dried paddy.
    keywords: air; bed; dryer; drying; lamb; moisture; paddy; rice
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        item: #3315 of 7527
          id: cet-1559
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-1559
        date: 2017-04-10
       words: 3042
      flesch: 44
     summary: The different types of PTW are identified and the accident cases associated with PTW is categorised under different PTW type. In this study, the extent of influence on different PTW type to the process safety accidents in CPI has been established.
    keywords: accident; chemical; contribution; entry; process; ptw; safety; type; work
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        item: #3316 of 7527
          id: cet-156
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-156
        date: 2017-10-04
       words: 3348
      flesch: 44
     summary: A: Extraction temperature (oC) 40 55 70 B: Extraction time (min) 20 25 30 C: Sample pH 1 1.5 2 D: NaCl concentration (mg/mL) 0 250 500 The factors and their levels (low (−), centre (0) and high (+)) are defined in Table 1. Extraction temperature, extraction time and ionic strength and their two-way interactions of extraction temperature and extraction time, extraction temperature and ionic strength and extraction time and ionic strength were statistically significant at α = 0.05 on the total peak areas of butyric acid, p-Cresol and indole while sample pH and the interactions of sample pH and ionic strength were statistically significant for indole only.
    keywords: acid; cresol; extraction; indole; ionic; spme; strength; temperature; time
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        item: #3317 of 7527
          id: cet-1560
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-1560
        date: 2017-04-10
       words: 3337
      flesch: 57
     summary: Utilisation of lignocellulosic bio-chemicals with high OC and excellent combustion characteristics is the key to obtain green diesel blends with high OC and excellent performance. In order to obtain green diesel blends with highest OC by using DES and/or OCT, computer-aided decomposition-based optimisation approach is preferred.
    keywords: blends; des; diesel; engine; fuel; rpm
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        item: #3318 of 7527
          id: cet-1561
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-1561
        date: 2017-04-10
       words: 3297
      flesch: 54
     summary: Chen G., Fang B., 2011, Preparation of solid acid catalyst from glucose-starch mixture for biodiesel production, Bioresource Technology 102, 2635-2640. High acidity properties and good stability are the main characteristics for ideal heterogeneous acid catalyst (Chen et al., 2011) and carbohydrate-derived acid catalyst is one of them.
    keywords: acid; biodiesel; catalyst; glucose; icg; min; pfad; time
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        item: #3319 of 7527
          id: cet-1562
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-1562
        date: 2017-04-10
       words: 4131
      flesch: 51
     summary: Rezaei P.S., Shafaghat H., Daud W.M.A.W., 2014, Production of green aromatics and olefins by catalytic cracking of oxygenate compounds derived from biomass pyrolysis: A review, Applied Catalysis A: Widayatno W.B., Guan G., Rizkiana J., Yang J., Hao X., Tsutsumi A., Abudula A., 2016, Upgrading of bio-oil from biomass pyrolysis over Cu-modified β-zeolite catalyst with high selectivity and stability, Applied Catalysis B: Environment 186, 166-172.
    keywords: biomass; catalyst; coconut; copra; degradation; loading; loss; phase; pyrolysis; samples
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        item: #3320 of 7527
          id: cet-1563
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-1563
        date: 2017-04-10
       words: 3837
      flesch: 53
     summary: A.4 under 600x magnification SEM observations of the cross-sectional micrograph (Figure 1) revealed the inner structure of HF membranes. The increase in water flux suggested that HF membranes embedded with ZnO-NP were able to give improved flux performance as compared to the pristine membrane, as noted by several other researchers discussed earlier.
    keywords: a.2; flux; membrane; pva; rejection; sample; water; zno
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        item: #3321 of 7527
          id: cet-1564
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-1564
        date: 2017-04-10
       words: 3479
      flesch: 48
     summary: This study was conducted by immersing mild steel coupon into 1.0 M of HCl solution without and with the presence of red onion peel extracts (ROPE) (0.5 – 2.0 g/L) and at various temperatures (303 to 333 K) for 7 d. Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy analysis indicated that the inhibition of mild steel corrosion was mainly contributed by C- O and aromatics compounds. The inhibition of mild steel corrosion is due to the physical adsorption of organic inhibitor on the metal surface with the formation of protective layer.
    keywords: adsorption; corrosion; inhibitor; metal; rope; solution; steel; surface; temperature
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        item: #3322 of 7527
          id: cet-1565
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-1565
        date: 2017-04-10
       words: 3380
      flesch: 55
     summary: (a) (b) (c) Figure 3: SEM micrographs of LDPE/RB films with different ratio of RB in LDPE content: (a) 2 %, (b) 4 % and (c) LDPE 921 The compatibility was enhanced by improving the interfacial adhesion between LDPE and RB, reduced the agglomeration phenomenon and improved dispersion of RB particles in LDPE matrix as can be seen in Figure 4(a) to 4(b). Therefore, increasing rice bran content in LDPE films had decreased the homogeneity.
    keywords: bran; films; ldpe; properties; rice; tensile; tp10
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        item: #3323 of 7527
          id: cet-1566
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-1566
        date: 2017-04-10
       words: 3652
      flesch: 44
     summary: Kinetic of ACT adsorption was well described by pseudo-second order kinetic model. It was found that the ΔG was negative at all temperature while both, ΔH and ΔS was also negative between temperatures of 25 °C to 70 °C indicating the process of ACT adsorption was exothermic reaction and the adsorption reaction is spontaneous at low temperature.
    keywords: act; adsorbent; adsorption; carbon; effect; removal; solution; temperature
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        item: #3324 of 7527
          id: cet-1567
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-1567
        date: 2017-04-10
       words: 3510
      flesch: 52
     summary: 3.2 Effect of frequency on dielectric properties Dielectric properties (or permittivity) is expressed as Eq(1), 932 ε* = ε’ – iε” (1) where ε’ is the dielectric constant (real part of permittivity), a measure of how much energy from an external electric field can be stored within a material through polarisation mechanism, while ε” is the loss factor (imaginary part of permittivity) that defines the ability of material to absorb and dissipate the electromagnetic energy into heat. This happens due to high carbon content with sufficient amount of moisture content.
    keywords: content; dielectric; frequency; microwave; moisture; naoh; properties; samples
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        item: #3325 of 7527
          id: cet-1568
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-1568
        date: 2017-04-10
       words: 3501
      flesch: 57
     summary: Experimental adsorption data were fitted to adsorption isotherm models such as Langmuir, Freundlich, Temkin and Dubinin-Radushkevich (D-R) models (Table 1). The percentage removal (R, %) and adsorption capacity (qe, mg/g) were determined by Eq(1) and Eq(2), R % = C − CC x 100 % (1) q = C − C VW (2) where C0 and Ce (mg/L) are the initial and final concentrations, V (L) is the solution volume and W (g) is the adsorbent mass.
    keywords: adsorption; efb; pks; pos
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        item: #3326 of 7527
          id: cet-1569
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-1569
        date: 2017-04-10
       words: 3146
      flesch: 49
     summary: WAG injection process has become an DOI: 10.3303/CET1756158 Please cite this article as: Anuar S.M.M., Jaafar M.Z., Wan Sulaiman W.R., Ismail A.R., 2017, Monitoring water alternate gas process using streaming potential, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 56, 943-948 DOI:10.3303/CET1756158 943 imperative method in EOR throughout the suitable fields/reservoirs because it is capable to control gas fingering and also enhance the vertical sweep efficiency (Memon and Shuker, 2011). The main problems affecting the effectiveness of CO2 WAG process are early breakthrough, gravity segregation, viscous fingering, heterogeneity effects and phase behaviours (Stone, 1982), hence resulting in poorer sweep efficiency, and therefore inefficient oil recovery.
    keywords: gas; oil; potential; process; reservoir; streaming; tracer; wag; water
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        item: #3327 of 7527
          id: cet-157
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-157
        date: 2017-10-04
       words: 3691
      flesch: 41
     summary: Ethanol and sugar concentrations were measured at the end of fermentation process, at 24 h. 2.5 SSF experiments The SSF experiments were performed under microaerobic conditions in a total volume of 25 mL in citrate buffer (50 mM, pH 4.8) containing the nutrients described for SHF (Section 2.4) and also using the pretreated solids as substrates. 75 g of dried BSG was suspended in 600 mL of aqueous phosphoric acid solution 2 % (w/v) at 155 ºC. These conditions were previously optimized in terms of hemicellulosic sugar recovery and enzymatic hydrolysis yield.
    keywords: bsg; enzymatic; ethanol; fermentation; hydrolysis; loading; process; solid
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        item: #3328 of 7527
          id: cet-1570
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-1570
        date: 2017-04-10
       words: 3077
      flesch: 48
     summary: Later, synthesised TiO2-bentonite nanocomposite was filtered and dried at 70 °C for 20 min. 2.3 Development of basic drilling fluid and synthesised nanocomposite drilling fluids 25 g of KCl was added in 260 mL of fresh water and mixed by using IKA Rw 20 N mixer for 5 min. 0.13 g of NaOH was added in to the solution and mixed for 3 min. Polymers were routinely used in drilling fluids and considered to be good heat insulator.
    keywords: bentonite; drilling; filtrate; fluids; min; nanocomposite; nanoparticles; tio2; volume
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        item: #3329 of 7527
          id: cet-1571
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-1571
        date: 2017-04-10
       words: 2391
      flesch: 47
     summary: Comparing to that of the thermal at room temperature at 26 meV, ZnO particles exhibit a strong exciton binding energy correspond to a valuable photonic material in the UV-blue region (Ghoshal et al., 2008). Due to its good electrical and optical properties, thermal and chemical stability, non-toxicity, and relatively low price as metal-oxide semiconductors, ZnO particles have been applied as photocatalyst, solar cell windows, sensor for volatile organic compound (Saito et al., 2014) and specifically, sensor for nitro- organic compound (Casa et al., 2016).
    keywords: addition; generated; lioh; particles; photoluminescence; temperature; zno
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        item: #3330 of 7527
          id: cet-1572
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-1572
        date: 2017-04-10
       words: 3961
      flesch: 50
     summary: EY (%) = Weight of powder after spray drying x 100 % total weight of adjuvants and C. nutans extract added initially (1) 2.5 Determination of Total Phenol Content and Total Flavonoids Contents Folin–Ciocalteau method was used to determine total phenolic content (TPC) in sample extract (Waterhouse, 2002). Fernandes M.R.V., Diasb A.L.T., Carvalho R.R., Souza C.R.F., Oliveira W.P., 2014, Antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of Psidium guajava L. spray dried extracts, Ind. Crops Prod.
    keywords: antioxidant; drying; extract; feed; flow; inlet; nutans; powder; rate; spray; temperature
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        item: #3331 of 7527
          id: cet-1573
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-1573
        date: 2017-04-10
       words: 2734
      flesch: 44
     summary: Little is known about glycerol and ethanol dry reforming. A publication of The Italian Association of Chemical Engineering Online at www.aidic.it/cet Guest Editors: Jiří Jaromír Klemeš, Peng Yen Liew, Wai Shin Ho, Jeng Shiun Lim Copyright © 2017, AIDIC Servizi S.r.l., ISBN 978-88-95608-47-1; ISSN 2283-9216 Thermodynamic Analysis of Hydrogen Production from Methanol-Ethanol-Glycerol Mixture through Dry Reforming Nur Nazlina Saimon, Mazura Jusoh, Mohd Johari Kamarudin, Agus Arsad, Zaki Yamani Zakaria* Faculty of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310, Skudai, Johor zakiyamani@utm.my Thermodynamic properties of methanol-ethanol-glycerol dry reforming have been studied with the method of Gibbs free energy minimisation for hydrogen production from methanol-ethanol-glycerol mixture.
    keywords: ethanol; glycerol; hydrogen; mixture; production; reforming; temperature
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        item: #3332 of 7527
          id: cet-1574
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-1574
        date: 2017-04-10
       words: 2762
      flesch: 57
     summary: 2. Experimental 2.1 Preparation of NBR blends Polyaniline-dodecylbenzenesulfonic acid (PAni.DBSA) and carbon black N330 were used as conductive fillers and a commercial grade of NBR (Nipol DN3350) was used as the rubber host matrix. As depicted in Figure 1, the hardness of NBR blends decreased slightly but then increased with increasing concentration of PAni.
    keywords: black; blends; carbon; conductivity; filler; nbr; pani.dbsa; rubber
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        item: #3333 of 7527
          id: cet-1575
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 164.docx
        date: 2017-04-10
       words: 3324
      flesch: 52
     summary: A study by Hamidon and Abang Zaidel (2016) investigated the optimal conditions of pectin extraction from sweet potato residues using citric acid. Xue et al. (2011) in their optimization study of pectin extraction from citrus peels carried out a preliminary study prior to the optimization using range of pH 1 to 3.
    keywords: extraction; pectin; potato; temperature; time; yield
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        item: #3334 of 7527
          id: cet-1576
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 164.docx
        date: 2017-04-10
       words: 3889
      flesch: 52
     summary: The research was designed based on quasi experimental and were carried out to identify the effectiveness of the blended learning using BLOSSOMS video towards students learning process. Introduction One of the important fundamental course for engineering students is thermodynamics.
    keywords: class; control; learning; students; test; treatment; video
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        item: #3335 of 7527
          id: cet-1577
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 164.docx
        date: 2017-04-10
       words: 3322
      flesch: 40
     summary: 2 Process Hazard Analysis Y Y Y Y N 3 Operating Procedures Y Y Y Y Y 4 Employee Participation Y Y Y Y N 5 Training Y Y Y Y Y 6 Contractors Y Y Y Y Y 7 Pre-start up Safety Review Y Y Y Y Y 8 Mechanical Integrity Y Y Y Y Y 9 Hot Work Permit Y Y Y Y Y 10 Management of Change Y Y Y Y Y 11
    keywords: failure; hazard; malaysia; management; process; psm; safety; y n; y y
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        item: #3336 of 7527
          id: cet-1578
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 164.docx
        date: 2017-04-10
       words: 3441
      flesch: 42
     summary: However, coal seams have good potential for CO2 storage while enhancing coal seam gas recovery. Sequestration of CO2 in coal seams is benefit to mitigate greenhouse gas emissions and enhanced coalbed methane (ECBM) recovery. This study proposes the screening criteria for optimum CO2 injection to enhanced coalbed methane (ECBM) recovery as well as predicting CO2 storage capacity by developing a novel numerical model based on the characteristic of coal seams and CBM field in South Sumatera Basin, Indonesia.
    keywords: capacity; co2; coal; ecbm; model; recovery; reservoir; seams; storage
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        item: #3337 of 7527
          id: cet-1579
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 164.docx
        date: 2017-04-10
       words: 3233
      flesch: 44
     summary: This kind of drying technique is a new technology of oil microencapsulation with faster drying time than conventional freeze drying. Oil microencapsulation has been applied in food industry to overcome those issues especially to protect food ingredients such as essential oils, colourant, lipid and flavours against oxidation (Goula and Adamopoulos, 2012).
    keywords: drying; etso; freeze; microencapsulation; oil; process; sample; wall
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        item: #3338 of 7527
          id: cet-158
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-158
        date: 2017-10-04
       words: 2854
      flesch: 41
     summary: Thus, this paper examines refrigerant superheating constraints on an LNG process having multiple cycles with mixed refrigerants. Since the above-mentioned optimisation studies are performed with minimum temperature difference constraints for heat exchangers, maximum heat exchanger area constraints are also tested to see the change in the effect of superheating.
    keywords: constraints; minimum; process; refrigerant; superheating; temperature
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        item: #3339 of 7527
          id: cet-1580
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 164.docx
        date: 2017-04-10
       words: 3471
      flesch: 48
     summary: Thus, students required deep approach learning approach so that they can imagine and visualize the abstract concept. Without deep approach learning, the students have difficulties to make connection on what they are learning with their prior and existing knowledge.
    keywords: approach; chemical; engineering; knowledge; learning; position; students; surface
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        item: #3340 of 7527
          id: cet-1581
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 164.docx
        date: 2017-04-10
       words: 3571
      flesch: 51
     summary: In this paper, PANI nanofibers were synthesised using ultrasonic sonochemical reaction and rPP/PANI was blended with different loading from 0 to 10 wt% of PANI nanofibers. Neat rPP, PANI nanofibers and rPP/PANI blends were characterised using Perkin-Elmer 2000 with a resolution of 4 cm-1 for 16 scans over wave number range of 370 - 4,000 cm-1.
    keywords: blends; nanofibers; pani; polyaniline; rpp; xrd
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        item: #3341 of 7527
          id: cet-1582
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 164.docx
        date: 2017-04-10
       words: 3714
      flesch: 49
     summary: ILs are new generation catalysts which are green and could serve as dual catalyst-solvent for biomass conversion by primarily disrupting the hydrogen bonds between molecules. Ramli N.A.S., Amin N.A.S., 2016, Optimization of biomass conversion to levulinic acid in acidic ionic liquid and upgrading of levulinic acid to ethyl levulinate, BioEnergy Research, 1-14.
    keywords: biomass; conversion; esterification; ethyl; ethyl levulinate; ils; levulinate; opefb; opmf; reaction
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        item: #3342 of 7527
          id: cet-1583
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 164.docx
        date: 2017-04-10
       words: 3321
      flesch: 55
     summary: The effective composition of PLA-g-MA was 3 phr as it was showed better performance towards PLA properties compared to others formulations. From uncompatibilised PLA/NR blend micrograph, it can be seen that poor adhesion between NR particles and PLA matrix were noted from the fracture surface where NR particles pulled from the matrix.
    keywords: blends; phr; pla; polymer
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        item: #3343 of 7527
          id: cet-1584
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 164.docx
        date: 2017-04-10
       words: 3700
      flesch: 50
     summary: Among the important variables during the development of TFC membrane are monomer concentration, partitions coefficient of the monomer, reaction times, post-treatment and properties of membrane substrate (Huang et al., 2015). A very limited research has been focused on the effect of membrane substrate on the TFC separation performance.
    keywords: acid; glucose; membrane; pes; pwp; separation; substrate; tfc; xylose
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        item: #3344 of 7527
          id: cet-1585
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 164.docx
        date: 2017-04-10
       words: 3855
      flesch: 43
     summary: The aim of the study is to develop reliable quantitative structure-activity relationship also known as QSAR models of flavonoid compounds using the combination of forward stepwise as variable selection method and multiple linear regression (MLR) analysis. For examples, stepwise regression (Mitra et al., 2011), genetic algorithm (GA) (Bakhtiyor et al., 2005) and genetic function approximation (GFA) (Sivakumar and Prabhakar, 2011) are employed in developing QSAR model for flavonoids.
    keywords: activity; antioxidant; compounds; descriptors; flavonoids; method; model; qsar; set; value
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        item: #3345 of 7527
          id: cet-1586
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 164.docx
        date: 2017-04-10
       words: 3495
      flesch: 46
     summary: Hydrogen production process technologies Hydrogen can store and deliver usable energy, but it does not typically exist by itself in nature and must be produced from compounds that contain it. It is expected from 2030 onwards (long term plan), the introduction and utilisation of renewable hydrogen energy should be established.
    keywords: biomass; energy; fruit; hydrogen; malaysia; oil; opefb; palm; process; production
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        item: #3346 of 7527
          id: cet-1587
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 164.docx
        date: 2017-04-10
       words: 2966
      flesch: 48
     summary: dayang@cheme.utm.my Addition of encapsulated anthocyanins in margarine formulation improves the stability of margarine. DOI: 10.3303/CET1756176 Please cite this article as: Zaidel D.N.A., Sahat N.S., Jusoh Y.M.M., Muhamad I.I., 2017, Physicochemical properties and storage stability of margarine containing anthocyanins from roselle calyces, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 56, 1051-1056 DOI:10.3303/CET1756176 1051 This study aims to investigate the storage and stability characteristics of water-in-oil emulsion, i.e. margarine, containing encapsulated anthocyanins from Roselle.
    keywords: anthocyanins; margarine; ratio; roselle; stability; storage
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        item: #3347 of 7527
          id: cet-1589
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 164.docx
        date: 2017-04-10
       words: 3137
      flesch: 45
     summary: Figure 3: Predicted versus experimental heat of combustion data after removing outliers in the first-stage regression The graph in Figure 3 shows the good fit between heat combustion and the experimental data after a few outliers were removed. The model was also able to predict the heat of combustion value with small differences when compared with the experimental value.
    keywords: combustion; contribution; data; group; heat; order; regression; second
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        item: #3348 of 7527
          id: cet-159
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-159
        date: 2017-10-04
       words: 2909
      flesch: 50
     summary: The boiling points of MEK, IPA, and EtOH under 0.1 atm are 294.07, 307.37, and 302.47 K. Under atmospheric pressure MEK is the intermediate boiling component in the ternary mixture of MEK /IPA /EtOH. Several operating parameters were optimized on the basis of minimum total annual cost (TAC) to study the effect of separation sequence and heat integration on the economy of TCPSD.
    keywords: etoh; heat; ipa; mek; process; separation; sequence; tcpsd
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        item: #3349 of 7527
          id: cet-1590
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 164.docx
        date: 2017-04-10
       words: 3507
      flesch: 45
     summary: As the concentration of palladium is very low in wastewater, the development of effective extraction and recovery DOI: 10.3303/CET1756179 Please cite this article as: Noah N.N.F.M., Othman N.N., 2017, Emulsion stability of palladium extraction containing cyanex 302 as a mobile carrier in emulsion liquid membrane process, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 56, 1069-1074 DOI:10.3303/CET1756179 1069 mailto:norasikin@cheme.utm.my http://ctdbase.org/basicQuery.go;jsessionid=DD198ED729ACF309792D64CD3DF18D69?bqCat=chem&bq=bis(2%2c4%2c4-trimethylpentyl)monothiophosphinic+acid http://ctdbase.org/basicQuery.go;jsessionid=DD198ED729ACF309792D64CD3DF18D69?bqCat=chem&bq=bis(2%2c4%2c4-trimethylpentyl)monothiophosphinic+acid processes is seriously required for palladium. This research was conducted to investigate the effect of palladium extraction and membrane stability performance in ELM process.
    keywords: concentration; emulsion; extraction; liquid; membrane; palladium; phase; size; speed
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        item: #3350 of 7527
          id: cet-1591
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 164.docx
        date: 2017-04-10
       words: 3569
      flesch: 46
     summary: Table 2: Ionic liquid properties target values and property models used Properties Unit Target values Property models (Ref.) Figure 2: Ionic liquid solvent screening by properties Table 4: Feasible ionic liquid candidates with their estimated properties IL Name δ (Mpa1/2) µ (Pa.s) ρ (g/cm3) C (J/K.mol) log EC50 1-heptyl-3-methylimidazolium ethylsulfate 28.55 0.1406 1.075 556 1.487 1-ethyl-3-heptylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate 30.31 0.1172 1.098 501 0.389 1-ethyl-3-octylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate 29.99 0.1433 1.081 535 -0.16 1-hexyl-3-propylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate 30.31 0.1172 1.098 501 0.389 1-heptyl-3-propylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate 29.99 0.1433 1.081 535 -0.16 1-butyl-3-pentylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate 30.31 0.1172 1.098 501 0.389 1-butyl-3-hexylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate 29.99 0.1433 1.081 535 -0.16 1,3-dipentylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate 29.99 0.1433 1.081 535 -0.16 1-hexyl-2,3-dimethylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide 29.16 0.0390 1.333 676 1.487 1-heptyl-2,3-dimethylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide 28.84 0.0477 1.309 709 0.938 1,2-dimethyl-3-octylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide 28.52 0.0584 1.287 742 0.389 1,2-dimethyl-3-octylimidazolium chloride 27.00 0.0946 0.948 504 0.389 1-hexyl-2,3-dimethylimidazolium trifluoromethanesulfonate 31.02 0.0662 1.206 535 1.487 1-heptyl-2,3-dimethylimidazolium trifluoromethanesulfonate 30.70 0.0810 1.184 568 0.938 1,2-dimethyl-3-octylimidazolium trifluoromethanesulfonate 30.37 0.0991 1.164 601 0.389 1,2-dimethyl-3-octylimidazolium bromide 31.00 0.0946 1.097 514 0.389 4.
    keywords: candidates; design; extraction; ionic; liquid; models; properties; property; solvent
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        item: #3351 of 7527
          id: cet-1592
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 164.docx
        date: 2017-04-10
       words: 2444
      flesch: 47
     summary: Figure 2: Tensile properties of the HDPE bio-composites with different rice straw content (the symbols “X” and “І” indicate the findings and error bar) Figure 3 shows the effect of rice straw content on the flexural properties of the fabricated HDPE bio- composites. Utilisation of rice straw as natural filler in the development of high density polyethylene bio-composite materials by using the injection moulding technique was reported in the present study.
    keywords: bio; composites; hdpe; hdpe bio; rice straw; straw content
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        item: #3352 of 7527
          id: cet-1593
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 164.docx
        date: 2017-04-10
       words: 3168
      flesch: 49
     summary: The morphology of the FPOPF was analysed by EVO 50 SEM (Carl Zeiss, Germany) for native FPOPF and pre-treated FPOPF. From the study, it was found that characterisation of native FPOPF produced 40.7 % glucan, 26.1 % xylan, 4.5 % extractives, 26.2 % lignin and 1.8 % ash.
    keywords: alkaline; biomass; cellulose; figure; fpopf; glucan; lignin; oil; palm; pre; pretreatment
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        item: #3353 of 7527
          id: cet-1594
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 164.docx
        date: 2017-04-10
       words: 3044
      flesch: 37
     summary: DOI: 10.3303/CET1756183 Please cite this article as: Asli U.A., Sadikin A.N., Le C.D., 2017, A study on the impact of international academic visit exchange programme among chemical engineering students, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 56, 1093-1098 DOI:10.3303/CET1756183 1093 Figure 1: Learning cycle developed by David Kolb Research shows that student exchange programs can be associated with improvement of individuals’ personal development (Murphy et al., 2014,). Nunan P., 2006, An exploration of the long term effects of student exchange experiences, Proceedings of the IDP Australian International Education Conference, 10-13 October 2006, Perth, Australia, Thurs 0900 MR5.
    keywords: exchange; experience; international; learning; program; students; study; utm
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        item: #3354 of 7527
          id: cet-1595
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 164.docx
        date: 2017-04-10
       words: 3391
      flesch: 51
     summary: TFC hollow fiber membrane prepared using TEOA monomer showed the best performance for separation of biomass hydrolysate component. PWP not only depends on the membrane total porosity but more significantly depends on the pore properties of the membrane skin layer formed at the lumen side of TFC hollow fiber membrane.
    keywords: acid; fiber; flux; glucose; membrane; separation; tfc; water; xylose
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        item: #3355 of 7527
          id: cet-1596
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 164.docx
        date: 2017-04-10
       words: 3901
      flesch: 43
     summary: 1106 A previous study on third year chemical engineering students has proven the significant impact of CPBL on the development of team working skills (Mohd-Yusof et al., 2013). The respondents were selected among first year engineering students from two classes that were taught by different lecturers.
    keywords: course; engineering; introduction; learning; skills; students; team; teamwork; year
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        item: #3356 of 7527
          id: cet-1597
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 164.docx
        date: 2017-04-10
       words: 3283
      flesch: 57
     summary: Previously, we investigated TiO2/MMT nanocomposites and observed higher efficiency for photocatalytic CO2 reduction by H2O to CH4 (Tahir et al., 2013). Figure 5 shows the reaction mechanism for photocatalytic CO2 reduction with H2 to fuels.
    keywords: co2; mmt; monolith; photocatalytic; reduction; tahir; tio2
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        item: #3357 of 7527
          id: cet-1598
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 164.docx
        date: 2017-04-10
       words: 2640
      flesch: 47
     summary: Figure 2 illustrates the dose- dependent effect on cells viability during 24 h treatment period. Significant decrease (p < 0.05) in cells viability 1119 were observed starting from 500 µg/mL. The median inhibition IC50 value was 365 µg/mL. Hence the safe concentration for EP to be used on 3T3-L1 is 100 µg/mL and below.
    keywords: 3t3; cells; glucose; insulin; lipid
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        item: #3358 of 7527
          id: cet-1599
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 164.docx
        date: 2017-04-10
       words: 2934
      flesch: 54
     summary: It is anticipated La-promoted TiO2 catalyst would be appreciable to enhance photocatalytic CO2 reduction with CH4 to selective fuels. Photocatalytic CO2 reduction with H2O to CH4 has been reported using La-loaded TiO2 photo-catalyst (Liu et al., 2015).
    keywords: ch4; co2; fuels; hydrocarbons; photocatalytic; reduction; tio2; wt%
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        item: #3359 of 7527
          id: cet-160
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-160
        date: 2017-10-04
       words: 2620
      flesch: 55
     summary: 3. Results and discussion 3.1 Group interaction parameters regressing In this work, five ILs were discussed to analysis the capability of UNIFAC model for NH3 solubility prediction in different pressure and temperature. In regression of group interaction parameters, the objective function OF defined as：    exp 1 exp 1 min N cal x x OF N x (12) Where xexp and xcal stand for the experimental date and calculation data of NH3 solubility in ILs; N is the number of experimental data points.
    keywords: ils; model; nh3; solubility; unifac
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        item: #3360 of 7527
          id: cet-1600
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 164.docx
        date: 2017-04-10
       words: 3629
      flesch: 52
     summary: The Ce-modified SBA-15 supported Ni catalyst appeared 1132 to be more stable than 10 % Ni/SBA-15 catalyst for 10 h on-stream rationally owing to the excellent redox property and high oxygen storage capacity of CeO2, facilitating gasification process of carbonaceous species, CxHy (Eq(8) and (9)) on catalyst surface (Wang et al., 2006). Oemar U., Kathiraser Y., Mo L., Ho X.K., Kawi S., 2016, CO2 reforming of methane over highly active La- promoted Ni supported on SBA-15 catalysts: mechanism and kinetic modelling, Catal.
    keywords: catalysts; methane; nio; reforming; sba-15; steam; support
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        item: #3361 of 7527
          id: cet-1601
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 164.docx
        date: 2017-04-10
       words: 2382
      flesch: 48
     summary: This paper covers the constructional details of multi-vessel batch distillation, mathematical modeling, and simulation study and control strategy of multi vessel batch distillation. Multi-vessel batch distillation is an improvement of less energy efficient batch distillation.
    keywords: balance; batch; column; distillation; product; simulation; vessel
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        item: #3362 of 7527
          id: cet-1602
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 164.docx
        date: 2017-04-10
       words: 2946
      flesch: 50
     summary: (2014) found that particle size of nanoparticle was increased as the concentration of solid lipid being increased in the Zingiber zerumbet loaded into nanostructured lipid carrier formulation, possibly due to less energy dispersion per unit lipid available. D-optimal mixture design was employed to optimise the formulation of OS loaded into nanostructured lipid carrier.
    keywords: efficiency; encapsulation; lipid; particle; pdi; size
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        item: #3363 of 7527
          id: cet-1603
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 164.docx
        date: 2017-04-10
       words: 3930
      flesch: 46
     summary: At this speed, the system is capable to give high concentration efficiency of up to 59.02 % Brix. In this study, coolant temperature of -8 °C and rotator speed at 300 rpm have been chosen as the optimum condition for the process based on the lowest K value and highest concentration efficiency.
    keywords: concentration; coolant; freeze; heat; ice; solution; speed; temperature
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        item: #3364 of 7527
          id: cet-1604
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 164.docx
        date: 2017-04-10
       words: 3234
      flesch: 47
     summary: The objective of this study is to determine the optimum operating conditions of apple peel extraction process using a novel extraction method known as radio frequency assisted extraction (RFAE). In order to perform the extraction, 50 mL of extraction solvent (10, 40 or 70 % ethanol in aqueous hydrochloric acid maintained at 1 mM) was added into the RF extraction tube.
    keywords: apple; compounds; dpph; ethanol; extraction; liquid; peel; power; ratio; value
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        item: #3365 of 7527
          id: cet-1605
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 164.docx
        date: 2017-04-10
       words: 3026
      flesch: 44
     summary: N C (1 - 2.06 H C ) (2) ECH = 1.08HHV - 22.62H - 0.86O + 4.02N (3) Subsequently, the fluidised bed gasification of OPEFB briquettes fuel was examined to investigate the effect of gasifier temperature, GT Furthermore, the problems of bed agglomeration and defluidisation typically encountered in pulverised OPEFB were minimal during OPEFB briquettes gasification.
    keywords: bed; biomass; briquettes; energy; fuel; gasification; oil; opefb; palm; results
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        item: #3366 of 7527
          id: cet-1606
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 164.docx
        date: 2017-04-10
       words: 2593
      flesch: 52
     summary: Apart from that the new CSTP location 2 substations and 10 identified new centralised STP locations were studied. Table 1: List of sets, variables and parameters Sets I Source of sewage T Type of technology L Location to build new CSTP Ss Substation r tm Type of Anaerobic Digester reactor Time period Decision Variables FWi,l flowrate of raw domestic wastewater from source i to location l (m 3/day) FEi,l flowrate of water effluent after treatment at location l from source i FSi,l flowrate of sewage sludge as by-product from source i at location l FSinl,r flowrate of sewage sludge from location l entering reactor r FPl ,r,p flowrate at location l of product p yield from reactor r FPinl,p,t flowrate at location l of product p from reactor r to technology t FGl,p,t,g flowrate at location l of generation g from product p using technology t FGinl,g,ss flowrate from location l of generation g to substation ss Parameters cost l Capital cost for plant (RM/m 3) cost r Capital cost for reactor (RM/m 3) cost t Capital cost for biogas engine (RM/kWh) O&Ml Operation and maintenance cost for plant (RM/m 3) O&Mr Operation and maintenance cost for reactor (RM/m 3) O&Mt Operation and maintenance cost for biogas engine (RM/kWh) cost1 cost for piping and pumping from source i to location l (RM/km) cost2 cost for electricity transmission from location l to substation ss (RM/km) dist1i,l Distance from existing STP to new CSTP (km) dist2l,ss Distance from location of CSTP to substation location (km) avaii Population Equivalent availability Binary variable yl(l)
    keywords: cost; electricity; location; new; plant; sewage; stp; study; treatment
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        item: #3367 of 7527
          id: cet-1607
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 164.docx
        date: 2017-04-10
       words: 2915
      flesch: 52
     summary: Water Di-iodomethane Uncoated 40.0 50.6 50.5 CS 45.0 56.8 45.9 CCS 62.0 60.4 37.3 CCS/PUD 73.0 70.9 33.9 PUD 86.0 62.7 33.1 *Calculated using Fowkes Method: γ = γ + γ 1174 Uncoated CS CCS CCS/PUD PUD 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 Contact angle (water) Contact angle (D-IM) Sample C o n ta c t a n g le ( 0 ) 30 35 40 45 50 55 Surface energy S u rf a c e e n e rg y ( m J /m 2 ) Figure 4: Surface wettability of papers- coated with various SSAs 4. DOI: 10.3303/CET1756196 Please cite this article as: Rusman R., Majid R.A., Wan Abd Rahman W.A., Low J.H., 2017, Carboxymethyl cassava starch/polyurethane dispersion blend as surface sizing agent, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 56, 1171-1176 DOI:10.3303/CET1756196 1171 In this research, native cassava starch (CS) was selected to be used as a surface sizing agent due to its local available, cheap and has remarkable characteristics including high paste viscosity, high paste clarity, and high freeze-thaw stability (Parra et al., 2004).
    keywords: carboxymethyl; ccs; paper; pud; smca; starch; surface; water
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        item: #3368 of 7527
          id: cet-1608
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 164.docx
        date: 2017-04-10
       words: 4047
      flesch: 54
     summary: Apart from the advantages of biomass pyrolysis, the produced raw pyrolysis oil from biomass has several shortcomings that limit its wide applications such as highly oxygenated, viscous, corrosive, relatively unstable and chemically very complex (Baniasadi et al., 2016). Reference Arregi A., Barbarias I., Alvarez J., Erkiaga A., Artetxe M., Amutio M., Olazar M., 2015, Hydrogen production from biomass pyrolysis and in-line catalytic steam reforming, Chemical Engineering Transactions 43, 547- 552.
    keywords: biomass; catalyst; coconut; copra; husk; pyrolysis; rice; samples; weight; wt%
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        item: #3369 of 7527
          id: cet-1609
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 164.docx
        date: 2017-04-10
       words: 4210
      flesch: 38
     summary: 1187 Jackson M.D., Vinogradov J., Saunders J.H., Jaafar M.Z., 2011, Laboratory measurements and numerical modeling of streaming potential for downhole monitoring in intelligent wells, SPE Journal 16 (3), DOI: 10.2118/120460-PA Jackson M.D., Vinogradov J., 2012, Impact of wettability on laboratory measurements of streaming potential in carbonates, Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects 393, 86-95. Kirby B.J., Jr E.F.H., 2004, Zeta potential of microfluidic substrates: 1. Limited studies have been focused on the application of streaming potential in monitoring EOR processes, particularly ASP.
    keywords: alkaline; asp; et al; flooding; measurement; oil; polymer; potential; rock; streaming; surfactant; water
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        item: #3370 of 7527
          id: cet-161
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-161
        date: 2017-10-04
       words: 3042
      flesch: 40
     summary: Luyben (2015) discussed the conventional ternary extractive process and the thermally coupled process in which dimethyl formamide (DMF) was used as a heavy solvent to achieve the separation of benzene/cyclohexane/toluene and the dynamic controllability of extractive distillation process was explored. Qin (2013) established extractive distillation process for DOI: 10.3303/CET1761108 Please cite this article as: Zhao T., Li M., Yang J., Ma K., Zhu Z., Wang Y., 2017, Separation of acetone/isopropyl ether/water ternary mixture via hybrid azeotropic-extractive distillation, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 61, 661-666 DOI:10.3303/CET1761108 661 benzene/cyclohexane separation system with sulfolane as entrainer and two control structures were studied.
    keywords: acetone; distillation; ether; extractive; isopropyl; process; water
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        item: #3371 of 7527
          id: cet-1610
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 164.docx
        date: 2017-04-10
       words: 4210
      flesch: 44
     summary: Since sustainable fuel has become an international agenda, governments, intergovernmental organisations, corporations, non-governmental organisations (NGOs) and even individuals are looking towards bringing about sustainable fuel and alternative energy sources (UNCTAD 2014). Other airlines like, The United Airlines is also working with Commercial Aviation Alternative Fuels Initiative (CAAFI), in order to make sustainable fuel to be available in short as well as long term.
    keywords: airlines; alternative; aviation; aviation industry; biofuel; country; energy; fuels; industry; jet; malaysia
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        item: #3372 of 7527
          id: cet-1611
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 164.docx
        date: 2017-04-10
       words: 3538
      flesch: 59
     summary: References Anca-Couce A., Mehrabian R., Scharler R., Obernberger I., 2014, Kinetic scheme to predict product composition of biomass torrefaction, Chemical Engineering Transactions 37, 43-48. Chen W.H., Peng J., Bi X.T., 2015, A state-of-the-art review of biomass torrefaction, densification and applications, Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 44, 847-866.
    keywords: biomass; efb; palm; pks; temperature; torrefaction; yield
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        item: #3373 of 7527
          id: cet-1612
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 164.docx
        date: 2017-04-10
       words: 3390
      flesch: 49
     summary: NF membrane for sugars concentration and acetic acid removal from model hydrolysate solution. (2013) DOI: 10.3303/CET1756201 Please cite this article as: Wan Na'aman W.H., Saufi S.M., Seman M.N.A., Wan Yussof H., Mohammad A.W., 2017, Fabrication of asymmetric nanofiltration flatsheet membrane for the separation of acetic acid from xylose and glucose, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 56, 1201- 1206 DOI:10.3303/CET1756201 1201 also used Desal-5DK (GE Osmonic) NF membrane for acetic acid removal from a ternary solution of glucose, xylose and acetic acid.
    keywords: acetic; acid; asymmetric; concentration; glucose; membrane; separation; solution; water; xylose
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        item: #3374 of 7527
          id: cet-1613
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 164.docx
        date: 2017-04-10
       words: 2758
      flesch: 53
     summary: The volume resistivity of composite materials decrease with increasing fly ash content in all composite samples (both with untreated and treated fly ash samples). To mitigate the issues, the researchers proposed the use of fly ash for various purposes such as in chemical, agricultural, cement, constructional and polymer industries.
    keywords: ash; composite; content; dielectric; epoxy; fly; materials; samples
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        item: #3375 of 7527
          id: cet-1614
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 164.docx
        date: 2017-04-10
       words: 3471
      flesch: 49
     summary: The aim of this research is to simulate the multiphase flow of thin liquid film flow over the smooth and corrugated rotating disk surface and describe the flow characteristics DOI: 10.3303/CET1756203 Please cite this article as: Suppramaniam P., Santherasaygargam K., Majnis M.F., Chanderan S., 2017, Computational fluid dynamics assessment of flow characteristic of thin liquid film over smooth and corrugated rotating disk surface, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 56, 1213-1218 DOI:10.3303/CET1756203 1213 using the Euler-Euler approach. Contour plot of volume fraction of thin liquid film over (a) smooth rotating disk surface and (b) corrugated rotating disk surface.
    keywords: disk; disk surface; film; flow; inlet; liquid; surface; thickness; velocity
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        item: #3376 of 7527
          id: cet-1615
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 164.docx
        date: 2017-04-10
       words: 3322
      flesch: 47
     summary: A conceptual model using Pinch analysis is developed to predict energy consumption in refrigeration cycles. The gap between the current level of energy consumption and best practice technology using Pinch analysis was determined.
    keywords: case; consumption; end; energy; olefin; plants; refrigeration
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        item: #3377 of 7527
          id: cet-1616
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 164.docx
        date: 2017-04-10
       words: 2644
      flesch: 47
     summary: High frequency ultrasonic assisted absorption can be used to generate ultrasonic fountain that provides abundant fine droplets for CO2 absorption. DOI: 10.3303/CET1756205 Please cite this article as: Tay W.H., Barashaid A.A.B., Lau K.K., Shariff A.M., 2017, Effect of solution height on carbon dioxide absorption using high frequency ultrasonic irradiation, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 56, 1225-1230 DOI:10.3303/CET1756205 1225 Figure 1: Schematic diagram of ultrasonic assisted absorption
    keywords: absorption; co2; height; solution; ultrasonic
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        item: #3378 of 7527
          id: cet-1617
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 164.docx
        date: 2017-04-10
       words: 2454
      flesch: 56
     summary: Whereas for high dosage adsorption, Qe does not show significant difference in both the aligned and non-aligned nanocomposites. The advantage of local aligned magnetic field can then be fully utilised (as illustrated in Figure 8).
    keywords: adsorption; dosage; gel; magnetite; matrix; nanocomposite; nanoparticles; silica
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        item: #3379 of 7527
          id: cet-1618
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 164.docx
        date: 2017-04-10
       words: 2418
      flesch: 56
     summary: With the result of the scientific study and the experience of plants that located in highly populated urban such as Hikarigaoka plant, Edogawa plant, Clean Plaza Fujimi plant and Megura plant in Japan as well as Spittelau plant in Austria, DOE has no objection on the proposed project site. This paper describes the project facilitating activities that have been conducted for the development of WtE plant in KL.
    keywords: msw; option; plant; site; waste; wte
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        item: #3380 of 7527
          id: cet-1619
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 164.docx
        date: 2017-04-10
       words: 3611
      flesch: 52
     summary: Foam stability decreases with decreasing oil viscosity and density. The addition of nanoparticles into the surfactant solution considerably improved foam stability due to the adsorption and aggregation of the nanoparticles at the thin lamellae and plateau border.
    keywords: al2o3; figure; foam; nanoparticles; oil; presence; sds; sio2; stability
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        item: #3381 of 7527
          id: cet-162
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-162
        date: 2017-10-04
       words: 4501
      flesch: 37
     summary: Hydrazine (N2H4) an its derivatives are more economical reductants than alkali borohydrides, and they could be considered as a milestone in many metal NPs synthesis. 668 The list of reductants in NPs manufacture includes also many organic compounds, which are typically used for noble metal zerovalent NPs synthesis.
    keywords: chemical; compounds; effects; elements; green; metal; methods; nanoparticles; nps; process; processes; reductants; reduction; synthesis; zerovalent
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        item: #3382 of 7527
          id: cet-1620
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 164.docx
        date: 2017-04-10
       words: 3612
      flesch: 60
     summary: 1/3 (7) Where Qk is the heat transferred in the heat exchanger (kW), TH is temperature for hot stream (°C) and TC is temperature for cold stream (°C), hh,k and hc,k are heat transfer coefficient for hot and cold stream (kW/m2.°C). 22.38 1,118.86 70.0 120.0 2.51 C4b L+V 8.6 110.0 140.0 11.20 96.29 2,888.74 120.0 150.0 14.57 Supply and target temperatures of hot and cold streams are converted into shifted temperatures by subtracting hot streams temperature with the minimum temperature difference, ∆Tmin which is assumed as 20 °C.
    keywords: changes; cost; exchanger; heat; phase; process; step; streams; temperature
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        item: #3383 of 7527
          id: cet-1621
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 164.docx
        date: 2017-04-10
       words: 2909
      flesch: 52
     summary: 2.5 Characterisation The characterisation of the morphology trend of pores on the surface of samples was done on raw EFB, EFB biochar, EFB biochar pre-treated with HCl (biochar H100), EFB biochar pre-treated with H2O2 (biochar P100), EFB-HBC H100 and EFB-HBC P100 by using the Field Emission Scanning Electronic Microscopic (FESEM) (model SUPRA 40VP). The HCl and H2O2 treated biochar are named as biochar H100 and biochar P100.
    keywords: biochar; efb; h100; h2o2; hbc; hydrogel; p100; pore; pre
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        item: #3384 of 7527
          id: cet-1622
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 164.docx
        date: 2017-04-10
       words: 3593
      flesch: 47
     summary: In the subsequent aerobic phase, PAOs use the stored PHA as energy source for biomass growth and P replenishment which result in P removal. There were also significant net removals of phosphorus (P) at the end of aerobic phase although effluent P still remained high in the range of 5 mg P/L to 16 mg P/L. Inconsistent P removal demonstrated by the EBPR system in phase I indicates that the EBPR process not yet reached its steady stage in P removal.
    keywords: acetate; carbon; concentration; ebpr; gaos; paos; phase; phosphorus; removal
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        item: #3385 of 7527
          id: cet-1623
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 164.docx
        date: 2017-04-10
       words: 3424
      flesch: 55
     summary: Conclusion This paper has successfully produced a general framework for batch production planning. This section presents an overall framework for batch production capacity planning and supports the establishment of manufacturing strategies.
    keywords: batch; month; planning; plant; product; production; sales; time; type
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        item: #3386 of 7527
          id: cet-1624
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 164.docx
        date: 2017-04-10
       words: 2464
      flesch: 54
     summary: Thin discontinuous films of adhesive cement formed preferentially on surfaces and contact areas between bed particles, led to bed agglomeration (Thy et al., 2010). Chirone R., Salatino P., Scala F., Solimene R., Urciuolo M., 2008, Fluidised bed combustion of pelletised biomass andwaste-derived fuels, Combustion and Flame 155, 21-36. Montes A., Hamidi M., Briens C., Berruti F., Tran H., Xu C., 2015, Study on the critical amount of liquid for bed material agglomeration in abubbling fluidised bed, Powder Technology 284, 437-442.
    keywords: agglomeration; bed; coconut; combustion; shells; temperature
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        item: #3387 of 7527
          id: cet-1625
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 164.docx
        date: 2017-04-10
       words: 2514
      flesch: 43
     summary: Therefore, graphene oxide (GO) is applied as a modifier into PEI to enhance membrane properties like permeation/hydrophilicity (Mahmoudi, 2015). Pervaporation dehydration membranes divide into two categories on the base of their hydrophilicity groups.
    keywords: chemical; graphene; membranes; oxide; pervaporation; structure; water
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        item: #3388 of 7527
          id: cet-1626
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 164.docx
        date: 2017-04-10
       words: 3627
      flesch: 58
     summary: In this study, the effect of microwave-assisted stabilisation of rice bran was investigated on the quality of rice bran oil (RBO) extracted. Another promising use of rice bran involves rice bran oil that can be extracted from rice bran.
    keywords: acid; bran; content; extraction; moisture; oil; rice; rice bran; storage
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        item: #3389 of 7527
          id: cet-1627
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 164.docx
        date: 2017-04-10
       words: 2988
      flesch: 41
     summary: Subcritical water extraction was carried out at temperatures of 120 – 200 °C and pressures of 1 – 10 MPa, while supercritical CO2 extraction was conducted at temperatures of 40 – 80 °C and pressures of 15 – 25 MPa with ethanol as co-solvent. machmudah@chem-eng.its.ac.id Subcritical water and supercritical CO2 extraction of phytochemical compounds from Eucheuma cottonii (E. cottonii) and Gracilaria sp. have been investigated at various temperatures and pressures in a semi-batch extractor.
    keywords: co2; compounds; cottonii; extraction; gracilaria; supercritical; water
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        item: #3390 of 7527
          id: cet-1628
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 164.docx
        date: 2017-04-10
       words: 3728
      flesch: 62
     summary: It is expected from this study that the knowledge, attitude and practices (KAP) level among food handlers can be known and assessed. 3.1 Part A: Demographic study Demographic study is done to investigate and determine the relationship of food handlers’ background with their theoretical KAP level about food safety. 4. Conclusions Overall, this research aims to determine the KAP level on food safety for food handlers in campus cafeterias.
    keywords: attitude; food; handlers; knowledge; level; practices; respondents
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        item: #3391 of 7527
          id: cet-1629
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 164.docx
        date: 2017-04-10
       words: 3667
      flesch: 47
     summary: So, how can chemical engineering students be motivated to learn programming? The discovery shows that, instilling the learner-centred elements in programming course for engineering students is essential to create an effective and motivating learning environment.
    keywords: course; engineering; environment; knowledge; learner; learning; programming; students
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        item: #3392 of 7527
          id: cet-163
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-163
        date: 2017-10-04
       words: 3429
      flesch: 55
     summary: Becker P.J., Serrand N., Celse B., Guillaume D., Dulot H., 2016, Comparing hydrocracking models: Continuous lumping vs. single events, Fuel, 165, 306-315. In order to reflect the different cracking activity, the present work creatively employs a proportion factor - Eplus, see Eq(5) - to modify the activation energy for different reactor models.
    keywords: hydrocracking; j j; lump; model; process; reactor
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        item: #3393 of 7527
          id: cet-1630
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 164.docx
        date: 2017-04-10
       words: 2967
      flesch: 41
     summary: These findings show that the developed methodology is not only able to design energy efficient distillation columns sequence but also better process sensitivity with respect to the feed conditions for NGLs separation process in an easy, practical and systematic manner. Some of the heuristic methods that can be used for distillation sequences are: (a) the lightest component is removed first, (b) the most plentiful is removed first, (c) difficult separations are saved until last and (d) equimolar splits are favoured.
    keywords: distillation; driving; energy; force; ngls; process; separation; sequence
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        item: #3394 of 7527
          id: cet-1631
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 164.docx
        date: 2017-04-10
       words: 3041
      flesch: 47
     summary: Therefore, this study implemented thematic analysis to sort knowledge based on a theme of the root cause of deodoriser failure. Thematic analysis is an established method of organising qualitative data and has good potential in capturing knowledge and experienced of workers and experts.
    keywords: analysis; data; deodoriser; failure; plant; process; steam; themes; troubleshooting
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        item: #3395 of 7527
          id: cet-1632
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 164.docx
        date: 2017-04-10
       words: 3503
      flesch: 54
     summary: Malaysia has found to produce approximately 3 × 106 m³/y of sewage sludge in wastewater treatment plants in these recent years and the amount is keep increasing (Abu Hasan et al., 2012). However, the compositions of lipids in sewage sludge are different according to the stage of wastewater treatment that been passed through.
    keywords: acid; extraction; lipid; primary; process; sewage; sludge; solvent
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        item: #3396 of 7527
          id: cet-1633
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 164.docx
        date: 2017-04-10
       words: 3546
      flesch: 55
     summary: To the best of knowledge, no study has been reported on BCNW reinforced PLA nanocomposites. In this study, PLA/BCNW nanocomposites were prepared using solution casting and the effects of BCNW on tensile and morphological properties of PLA nanocomposites were investigated.
    keywords: acid; bcnw; cellulose; figure; modulus; nanocomposites; pla; properties; tensile
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        item: #3397 of 7527
          id: cet-1634
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 164.docx
        date: 2017-04-10
       words: 3110
      flesch: 55
     summary: The thermal properties of PAPF biocomposites were more or less the same as the LDPE properties. Therefore, PAPF biocomposites was compatible for green packaging.
    keywords: biocomposites; content; fibre; ldpe; papf; pineapple; polymer; weight
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        item: #3398 of 7527
          id: cet-1635
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 164.docx
        date: 2017-04-10
       words: 3155
      flesch: 49
     summary: During the treatment, all substrate was submerged vertically in the solution; therefore, the reduction of contact angle is the result of nanoparticles and surfactant adsorption on the rock surface. Cationic surfactant CTAB, nanionic surfactant TX-100 and anionic surfactant SDS were used in this study.
    keywords: adsorption; angle; contact; oil; rock; surface; surfactant; wet; wettability
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        item: #3399 of 7527
          id: cet-1636
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 164.docx
        date: 2017-04-10
       words: 3792
      flesch: 50
     summary: This paper introduces an inherent safety assessment technique for preliminary design stage (ISAPEDS) of chemical process. The ISI method includes a wide range of inherent safety parameters, divided into chemical inherent safety index and process inherent safety index.
    keywords: chemical; equipment; operating; pressure; process; safety; score; value
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        item: #3400 of 7527
          id: cet-1637
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 164.docx
        date: 2017-04-10
       words: 4173
      flesch: 48
     summary: Heavy metal in drilling fluid waste discharge could potentially led to bioaccumulation in aquatic organisms. Based on API (American Petroleum Institute) Survey of Onshore and Coastal Exploration and Production Operations for 1995, about 150 million barrels of drilling waste were generated from onshore wells in the United States alone (ICF Consulting, 2000).
    keywords: discharge; disposal; drilling; fluid; malaysia; management; obdf; oil; sbdf; waste; wbdf
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        item: #3401 of 7527
          id: cet-1638
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 164.docx
        date: 2017-04-10
       words: 3078
      flesch: 46
     summary: Therefore, numerical simulation is finite element software that has been one of the alternative methods of studying vessel explosion and design criteria instead of experimental and theoretical. In the chemical, hydrocarbon and gas process industries, the explosive accidents of pressure vessel have been frequently occurring in a confined area within the vessel, pipes, channels or tunnels as they has been used as a transportation of the reactive or combustible material from one section to another section for storage purposes.
    keywords: air; end; explosion; figure; flame; ignition; pressure; vessel
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        item: #3402 of 7527
          id: cet-1639
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 164.docx
        date: 2017-04-10
       words: 2869
      flesch: 41
     summary: This research is to categorise MOC under 5 typologies namely requesting system change (process equipment, process control, and safety system and facilities improvement), breakdown / failure system change (system malfunction, safety hazard), temporary system change (specific time, trial period), administrative system change (inspection, testing and preventive maintenance equipment, procedure) and organisation system change (organisational restructuring, staffing, and policy). Figure 2: MOC typology failure in frequency and percentage From the results of study, requesting system change demonstrated the highest percentage contribution of 45.6 % in MOC typology failure frequency.
    keywords: accident; change; chemical; failure; management; moc; process; safety; system
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        item: #3403 of 7527
          id: cet-164
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-164
        date: 2017-10-04
       words: 3102
      flesch: 36
     summary: The purpose of this paper is to build QSRVR model for extractive distillation separating ACT and THF to estimate the relative volatility of new solvent OTE and former solvent BTE, TAC of the optimal flowsheets based on different solvents was calculated to verify the superiority of the new solvent. In the estimate of the process economic, The total annual cost(TAC)has been proposed as an objective function to calculate the economics and confirm the optimal DOI: 10.3303/CET1761111 Please cite this article as: Zhu Z., Wang Y., Xu X., Liu L., Du D., Wang Y., 2017, Determination of relative volatility from molecular descriptor and its application to extractive distillation process, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 61, 679-684 DOI:10.3303/CET1761111 679 steady state design (Douglaset al,1988).
    keywords: bte; chemical; distillation; model; molecular; ote; process; set; solvent; volatility
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        item: #3404 of 7527
          id: cet-1640
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 164.docx
        date: 2017-04-10
       words: 3298
      flesch: 52
     summary: On the other hand, the potassium phosphate, acetonitrile and the L-ascorbic acid were used in the analysis to determine the concentration of ascorbic acid in dried pineapple samples. Dried samples were then analysed for ascorbic acid concentration and proteolytic enzyme activity.
    keywords: acid; activity; content; core; drying; microwave; pineapple; power; stem
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        item: #3405 of 7527
          id: cet-1641
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 164.docx
        date: 2017-04-10
       words: 3202
      flesch: 50
     summary: Increasing amount PPy into the system increased the ability of PPy-g-PP to be obviously non-Newtonian material, which attributes to the difficulty in processing because of higher viscosity (Shumigin et al., 2011). This indicates a strong interaction between PPy and PP phase while DCP has successfully acted as crosslinking and grafting agent.
    keywords: blends; chemical; conductivity; polymer; ppy; properties
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        item: #3406 of 7527
          id: cet-1642
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 164.docx
        date: 2017-04-10
       words: 3061
      flesch: 40
     summary: Guo J.S., Cheng C.L., Koo M.W.L., 2004, Inhibitory effects of Centella asiatica water extract and asiaticoside on inducible nitric oxide synthase during gastric ulcer healing in rats, Planta Medica 70, 1150-1154. The difference of antimicrobial activity of C. asiatica extracts are shown in Figure 3.
    keywords: antimicrobial; asiatica; concentration; ethanol; extract; inhibition; niger; water
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        item: #3407 of 7527
          id: cet-1643
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 164.docx
        date: 2017-04-10
       words: 3412
      flesch: 55
     summary: In dynamic updating BERA, frequency of event failure added up the important factors that determine the BERA ranking. The high value of failure probability of component X1 has influence its ranking to be the most vulnerable component.
    keywords: bera; component; cut; event; failure; probability; ×10
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        item: #3408 of 7527
          id: cet-1644
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 164.docx
        date: 2017-04-10
       words: 3055
      flesch: 44
     summary: References Ashokkumar M., 2011, The characterization of acoustic cavitation bubbles – An overview, Ultrasonic Sonochemistry 18, 864-872. The experimental results revealed that cavitation bubbles filled with explosive vapor are not ignited.
    keywords: bubble; collapse; energy; ignition; liquid; material; pressure; radius; sonication; ultrasound
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        item: #3409 of 7527
          id: cet-1645
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 164.docx
        date: 2017-04-10
       words: 3117
      flesch: 52
     summary: Control system and IT2Fuzzy-GMC controller design The objective of control system is to control a pH inside the digester.
    keywords: control; controller; fuzzy; gmc; process; system; type-2; 𝐶𝐻+
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        item: #3410 of 7527
          id: cet-1646
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 164.docx
        date: 2017-04-10
       words: 2894
      flesch: 32
     summary: This DOI: 10.3303/CET1756235 Please cite this article as: Shaharuddin S., Zaidel D.N.A., Hashim Z., Muhamad I.I., 2017, Thermotolerance study of bagasse-alginate encapsulant using effective thermal conductivity model for sustainable probiotic feed, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 56, 1405-1410 DOI:10.3303/CET1756235 1405 approach is based on the geometric representation method when irregular porous structures was used (Kou and Tan, 2010). In the study of heterogeneous material, effective thermal conductivity is widely used in measuring the thermal behaviour of the material and is regarded as a key thermophysical property.
    keywords: alginate; concentration; conductivity; heat; material; model; series
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        item: #3411 of 7527
          id: cet-1647
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 164.docx
        date: 2017-04-10
       words: 2220
      flesch: 55
     summary: The determination of residence time required to process the input palm oil into output product is done by using correlation from MATLAB. According to the analysis, the graph of cross correlation plotted in Figure 4 shows that the longest residence time is 2.4 h. The lower value of residence time for cross-correlation explained that the data was taken when the plant was running below the operating capacity.
    keywords: correlation; data; quality; rbdpo; residence; sampling; time
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        item: #3412 of 7527
          id: cet-1648
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 164.docx
        date: 2017-04-10
       words: 3200
      flesch: 52
     summary: These biomasses are included fresh fruit bunches (FFB), empty fruit bunches (EFB), oil palm frond (OPF), oil palm trunk (OPT), and palm oil mill effluent (POME). In this article, oil palm based eco-industrial town (EIT) is proposed to improve the profitability of oil palm industry while optimally utilise the availability of oil palm biomass and network infrastructure.
    keywords: cost; eit; industry; location; mill; model; oil; palm; system
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        item: #3413 of 7527
          id: cet-1649
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 164.docx
        date: 2017-04-10
       words: 3053
      flesch: 47
     summary: Out of four impellers design, marine propeller produced highest rate of enzymatic reaction which made it as the most suitable propeller to be used for hydrolysis reaction in batch reactor. Accessibility of enzyme with substrate may affect rate of reaction by optimise fluid rotational region to increase immobilise enzyme reaction.
    keywords: enzyme; hydrolysis; impeller; number; pitch; rate; reaction; reynolds; rpm; turbine
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        item: #3414 of 7527
          id: cet-165
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-165
        date: 2017-10-04
       words: 2559
      flesch: 55
     summary: This article investigates the disturbance resistance ability of hydrogen network. The Worst-Case Conditional Value-at-Risk (WCVaR) concept which indicates possible minimum hydrogen content in hydrogen networks is introduced to handle this problem.
    keywords: hydrogen; network; wcvar
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        item: #3415 of 7527
          id: cet-1650
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 164.docx
        date: 2017-04-10
       words: 3433
      flesch: 35
     summary: The composition in C. zeylanicum oil shows the noticeable amount of aromatic components. In contrast, Nassar et al. (2007) identified eugenol (71.56 %) and eugenol (8.99 %) acetate as a major volatile constituents in E. caryophyllata oil with the same approaches.
    keywords: activity; caryophyllata; combination; effect; oils; oral; zeylanicum
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        item: #3416 of 7527
          id: cet-1651
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 164.docx
        date: 2017-04-10
       words: 3300
      flesch: 44
     summary: It can be visualised that oil can be displaced efficiently when intermittent ultrasonic wave was applied. Application of ultrasonic waves and pulse vibrations in the reservoirs has been noticed to reduce the interfacial tension (IFT) between oil and water, resulting in reduction of capillary pressure in the pores and therefore, resulted to an improvement on oil recovery.
    keywords: displacement; flooding; oil; recovery; ultrasonic; vibration; wave
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        item: #3417 of 7527
          id: cet-1652
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 164.docx
        date: 2017-04-10
       words: 2755
      flesch: 42
     summary: The analysis of bands and peaks with their corresponding surface functional groups for native, carbonised, and activated spent coffee grounds is presented in Table 1. Carbonisation and activation processes have altered the functional groups of spent coffee grounds.
    keywords: adsorption; biosorbent; coffee; ground; lead; solution
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        item: #3418 of 7527
          id: cet-1653
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 164.docx
        date: 2017-04-10
       words: 5325
      flesch: 58
     summary: It was observed that as microwave heating time was increased from 4 h to 16 h monomer conversion and yield were also increased. HNMR spectra of PLLA obtained in eROP at 8 h and 16 h of microwave heating times are given in Figure 2.
    keywords: = =; cooling; erop; heating; lactide; microwave; plla; time; usec
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        item: #3419 of 7527
          id: cet-1654
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 164.docx
        date: 2017-04-10
       words: 3801
      flesch: 48
     summary: It was concluded that the integrated teaching and learning approach in Introduction to Engineering course is effective in promoting positive professional skills development among engineering students. This study shows that first year engineering students who went through the activities in the course were able to develop problem solving, team working, communication and time management skills.
    keywords: course; engineering; learning; problem; skills; students; team; time
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        item: #3420 of 7527
          id: cet-1655
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 164.docx
        date: 2017-04-10
       words: 2312
      flesch: 43
     summary: Hua et al. (2008) said besides Brownian motion, the effects of particle agglomeration and viscosity change with the temperature also contributes to the temperature dependence of nanofluids thermal conductivity. With an intensified Brownian motion, the contribution of micro convection in heat transport increases which results in increased enhancement of nanofluids thermal conductivity (Murshed et al., 2008).
    keywords: conductivity; nanofluids; nanoparticles; surfactant; temperature; tio2
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        item: #3421 of 7527
          id: cet-1656
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 164.docx
        date: 2017-04-10
       words: 3814
      flesch: 50
     summary: This shows that different substrate source can affect the amount of generated biogas, 1469 especially for coffee pulp substrate that has microbial inhibition component. A publication of The Italian Association of Chemical Engineering Online at www.aidic.it/cet Guest Editors: Jiří Jaromír Klemeš, Peng Yen Liew, Wai Shin Ho, Jeng Shiun Lim Copyright © 2017, AIDIC Servizi S.r.l., ISBN 978-88-95608-47-1; ISSN 2283-9216 Methane Production from Coffee Pulp by Microorganism of Rumen Fluid and Cow Dung in Co-digestion Tri Widjaja*,a, Toto Iswantoa, Ali Altwaya, Maya Shovitrib, Sri Rachmania Juliastutia aDepartment of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Industrial Technology, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember, Sukolilo, Surabaya 60111, Indonesia bDepartment of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember, Sukolilo, Surabaya 60111, Indonesia papatri2003@yahoo.com Coffee pulp is abundantly available in Indonesia every year, about 1.65 × 106 t of coffee pulp were produced during the 2011 - 2015.
    keywords: biogas; coffee; cow; digester; digestion; dung; fluid; methane; production; pulp; rumen
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        item: #3422 of 7527
          id: cet-1657
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 164.docx
        date: 2017-04-10
       words: 2751
      flesch: 58
     summary: They were pressure controller, condenser level controller, enriching temperature controller, stripping temperature controller, and reboiler level controller. The integral absolute error (IAE) for 1DOF IMC for a set point change in the enriching temperature are 68.5 for enriching temperature response and 13.59 for stripping temperature response.
    keywords: controller; imc; point; process; response; set; temperature
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        item: #3423 of 7527
          id: cet-1658
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 164.docx
        date: 2017-04-10
       words: 3154
      flesch: 58
     summary: In this preliminary study, the focus of the study is to evaluate the effects of rice, minced chicken meat and mixed vegetables ratio on the energy content, vitamin C content and expansion ratio of DRM. 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 25 30 35 40 45 E n e rg y C o n te n t (k C a l) Minced Chicken Meat, MCM (g) 100R:25MV 100R:35MV 200R:25MV 200R:35MV 0 0.005 0.01 0.015 0.02 0.025 0.03 25 30 35 40 45 V it a m in C C o n te n t (g ) Minced Chicken Meat, MCM (g) 100R:25MV 100R:35MV 200R:25MV 200R:35MV 1480 Figure 3: The effects of rice (R), minced chicken meat (MCM) and mixed vegetables (MV) ratios on the expansion ratio of DRM 3.4 Empirical Models for Predicting Energy Content, Vitamin C Content and Expansion Ratio of DRM Based on the data, the models for predicting energy content, vitamin C content and expansion ratio were developed by JMP software.
    keywords: chicken; content; drm; meat; ratio; rice; vegetables
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        item: #3424 of 7527
          id: cet-1659
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 164.docx
        date: 2017-04-10
       words: 3056
      flesch: 46
     summary: PKS activated carbon showed the development of porosity in the materials after carbonisation and microwave activation as shown in SEM and BET results. BET results showed that the total pore volume of PKS activated carbon is high and within the micro-pore range, which implies that it is suitable for gas phase adsorption applications.
    keywords: adsorption; carbon; figure; gas; malaysia; palm; pks; pressure; samples; surface
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        item: #3425 of 7527
          id: cet-166
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-166
        date: 2017-10-04
       words: 2941
      flesch: 46
     summary: The process of ary-1, 2-translocation rearrangement involves four chemical reactions (Wang, 2014): Friedel- Crafts acyl reaction, ketal reaction, catalytic rearrangement reaction and hydrolysis reaction, and the ketal reaction is the key step. For further study, reactive distillation technology should be combined with automatic control technology to realize automatic and programmed production of ketal reaction process.
    keywords: chlorine; ether; ibuprofen; ketal; ketone; petroleum; reaction; water
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        item: #3426 of 7527
          id: cet-1660
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 164.docx
        date: 2017-04-10
       words: 2866
      flesch: 50
     summary: Table 2: Sensitivity results of the original and new designed HENs Design Original HEN New HEN U TH1(%) 100 85.71 TH2 (%) 0 0 TH3(%) 0 0 TC1(%) 100 87.86 TC2 (%) 100 67.46 Average 60 48.21 Table 3: Value of ft correction factor and status of HEN design candidates No HEN Design Name Heat transfer area (m2) Operating duties (kW) 1 Original HEN 46.32 1606.49 2 New HEN 42.38 1606.48 1492 3.4 Multi-objectives function All objective function values were collected from Stage 3 and Stage 4 and tabulated in Table 4. (a) (b) Figure 1: Aspen HYSYS simulation environment for (a) original designed HEN, (b) new designed HEN (Abu Bakar et al., 2015a) 1491 Table 1: Flexibility results of the HEN designs U Original HEN New HEN ∆Tmin FH1(%) 100 100 FH2(%) 100 36.13 FH3 (%) 100 76.16 FC1(%) 0.60 100 FC2 (%) 96.93 100 Average 79.51
    keywords: design; exchanger; heat; hen; network; sensitivity; value
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        item: #3427 of 7527
          id: cet-1661
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 164.docx
        date: 2017-04-10
       words: 3720
      flesch: 42
     summary: Figure 2: Fluidised bed gasification process with hydrogen purification flowsheet 3. Biomass gasification process can be applied as one of the solutions in order to utilize of oil palm frond waste.
    keywords: bed; biomass; gasification; gasifier; hydrogen; process; purification; reactor
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        item: #3428 of 7527
          id: cet-1662
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 164.docx
        date: 2017-04-10
       words: 3469
      flesch: 58
     summary: 3.2 Factors affecting mercury removal efficiency The highest percentage of mercury removal was obtained at 98.03 % with the adsorption conditions at 100 rpm, pH 2, 4 h, 5 mg/L of initial concentration of the Hg2+ solution, and 0.25 g of adsorbent dosage as shown in Table 2. A half fraction two-level factorial analysis with five factors was selected for the experimental design to determine the best adsorption conditions for mercury removal.
    keywords: adsorbent; concentration; effect; efficiency; hg2; mercury; pofa; removal; solution
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        item: #3429 of 7527
          id: cet-1663
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 164.docx
        date: 2017-04-10
       words: 2974
      flesch: 47
     summary: TFC membranes have DOI: 10.3303/CET1756252 Please cite this article as: Roli F.M., Yussof H.W., Saufi S.M., Seman M.N.A., Mohammad A.W., 2017, Synthesis of nanofiltration membrane developed from triethanolamine (teoa) and trimesoyl chloride (tmc) for separation of xylose from glucose, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 56, 1507-1512 DOI:10.3303/CET1756252 1507 dominated most of the nanofiltration/reverse osmosis market since their commercial recognition in the 1980’s (Dalwani, 2011). This paper aims to investigate the performance of TFC membrane in term of water permeability and xylose separation factor, after it was modified through IP by manipulating the concentration of TEOA at 0.15 %
    keywords: glucose; membrane; separation; teoa; tfc; xylose
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        item: #3430 of 7527
          id: cet-1664
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 164.docx
        date: 2017-04-10
       words: 3959
      flesch: 53
     summary: Figure 1 shows the Flowchart of ɣ-oryzanol removal from rice bran oil based biodiesel. 2.5 Separation of ɣ-Oryzanol and Biodiesel Using Deep Eutectic Solvent Separation of ɣ-oryzanol and biodiesel from RBO-based biodiesel will be carried out using DES, a mixture of choline chloride (ammonium quartener salt) and ethylene glycol as HBD at molar ratio of 1 : 2. RBO-based biodiesel and DES are mixed in a stopper glass at molar ratio crude biodiesel to DES is 1 : 2.
    keywords: biodiesel; bran; content; des; extraction; oil; oryzanol; rbo; rice
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        item: #3431 of 7527
          id: cet-1665
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 164.docx
        date: 2017-04-10
       words: 2639
      flesch: 37
     summary: Energy harvesting, which involves power generation from low level energies such as low temperature heat, vibration and light, has attracted attention in Japan for online operation of sensor and electric devices. Compared with the other low level energies, we can easily obtain low temperature heat around plants and local communities such as exhaust heat from heat exchangers.
    keywords: energy; generation; heat; power; system; temperature
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        item: #3432 of 7527
          id: cet-1666
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 164.docx
        date: 2017-04-10
       words: 2862
      flesch: 50
     summary: Biodiesel production by a continous process using heterogenous catalyst, American Chemical Society, Division of Fuel Chemistry 48, 636-638. Jazie A., Pramanik H., Sinha A.S.K., 2013, Egg shell as eco-friendly catalyst for transesterification of rapeseed oil: optimization for biodiesel production, International Journal of Sustainable Development and Green Economics 2, 27-32. Ma F., Hanna M.A., 1999, Biodiesel production: a review, Bioresource Technology 70, 1-15. Viriya-Empikul N., Krasae P., Puttasawat B., Yoosuk B., Chollacoop N., Faungnawakij K., 2010, Waste shells of mollusk and egg as biodiesel production catalysts, Bioresource technology 101, 3765-3767.
    keywords: biodiesel; bone; catalyst; fish; loading; time; wt%; yield
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        item: #3433 of 7527
          id: cet-1667
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 164.docx
        date: 2017-04-10
       words: 3448
      flesch: 53
     summary: For comparison, poultry manure pellet without urea addition was also prepared in the same procedure as above. The mechanical integrity of SRF pellet is also better than SRF granule.
    keywords: fertiliser; manure; matrix; method; nutrient; pellet; poultry; release; srf; urea
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        item: #3434 of 7527
          id: cet-1668
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 164.docx
        date: 2017-04-10
       words: 2931
      flesch: 41
     summary: The cultures were incubated at 30 °C with the speed of 120 rpm for 2 d. Flasks without culture served as control for dye decolourisation study. The extent of dye degradation by white rot fungi depends on the complexity of dye, nitrogen availability and enzymatic activity (Singh, 2006).
    keywords: consortium; decolourisation; dye; fungi; methyl; red; rot; white; wrf
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        item: #3435 of 7527
          id: cet-1669
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 164.docx
        date: 2017-04-10
       words: 3172
      flesch: 46
     summary: Cellulase was tested for its reusability up to 216 h in enzymatic membrane reactor. Figure 3: Reducing sugar concentration at permeate for 216 h of operation in enzymatic membrane reactor (fed-batch operation).
    keywords: cellulase; efb; enzymatic; enzyme; flux; hydrolysis; membrane; reactor; substrate; sugar
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        item: #3436 of 7527
          id: cet-167
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-167
        date: 2017-10-04
       words: 2576
      flesch: 51
     summary: Results on the temperature profile and air flow distribution are compared for several options. 5. Conclusions Temperature profile and air flow distribution at the corridor with various possible cooling options have been successfully studied by the CFD approach.
    keywords: air; cfd; cooling; corridor; supply; temperature
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        item: #3437 of 7527
          id: cet-1670
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 164.docx
        date: 2017-04-10
       words: 3148
      flesch: 42
     summary: Conventional biodiesel is derived from various feedstocks such as palm oil, which uses carbon-based catalyst (Raharningrum et al., 2013), rice husk, which uses ash-based catalyst (Chen et al., 2015), jatropha oil (Kusumaningtyas et al., 2016), soybean oil, which uses microwave (Encinar et al., 2012) and ultrasound systems (Brito et al., 2012), used cooking oil (Kawentar and Budiman, 2013), and palm fatty acid distillate, which uses char-based (Hidayat et al., 2015) and sulphated zirconia catalysts (Sawitri et al., 2016). It causes little problem in the downstream processes for producing biofuels and recycling back the growth medium (Ahmad et al., 2011).
    keywords: biodiesel; cell; chitosan; engineering; flocculation; harvesting; microalgae; process; removal; sedimentation; time
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        item: #3438 of 7527
          id: cet-1671
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 164.docx
        date: 2017-04-10
       words: 2861
      flesch: 47
     summary: The simulation results show that the microalgae growth is marked by the increase in its concentration from 0.08 g/L on the first day to 0.51 g/L on the sixteenth day for CO2 concentration of 2 %. It appears that the higher CO2 concentration gives higher microalgae concentration.
    keywords: co2; concentration; gas; growth; microalgae; model; photobioreactor
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        item: #3439 of 7527
          id: cet-1672
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 164.docx
        date: 2017-04-10
       words: 3108
      flesch: 53
     summary: Conclusions The model of a large-scale trickle bed reactor for renewable diesel production via hydrotreating of triglyceride has been developed. Trickle- bed reactor is a type of fixed bed reactor, while slurry reactor is a type of bubble column or stirred reactor.
    keywords: gas; inlet; phase; product; reactor
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        item: #3440 of 7527
          id: cet-1673
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 164.docx
        date: 2017-04-10
       words: 3963
      flesch: 52
     summary: Results and Discussions 3.1 Diabecine polyherbal extracts effect on cells viability In the present study, cytotoxicity of Diabecine polyherbal extracts on 3T3-L1, 1.1B4 and WRL-68 cell lines was determined with the MTT assay (Figure 1). Table 1: IC50 values of Diabecine polyherbal extracts on 3T3-L1, 1.1B4 and WRL-68 cells Extracts 3T3-L1 1.1B4 WRL-68 IC50 (µg/mL) 95 % CI (µg/mL) IC50 (µg/mL) 95 % CI (µg/mL) IC50 (µg/mL) 95 % CI (µg/mL) EPH-FD 493.8 192.5 – 1,267 372.9 274.4 – 506.8 2,785 2,343 – 3,311 EPH-SD 779.6 225.1 – 2,699 386.7 312.9 – 477.8 1,948 1,324 – 2,866 WPH-FD 501.5 103.2 – 2,436 258.4 164.5 – 406.0 630.9 319.3 – 1,247 WPH-SD 716.3 326.8 – 1,570 298.5 211.1 – 422.2 2,059 1,746 – 2,960 3.2 LD50 estimation for in vivo study based on in vitro IC50 data Using the regression formula: log LD50 = 0.372 × log IC50 (µg/mL) + 2.024, the LD50 values of rat were estimated from the IC50 values obtained from the in vitro cytotoxic MTT assay on 1.1B4 cells (Table 2).
    keywords: 3t3; cells; extracts; ic50; ld50; wrl-68
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        item: #3441 of 7527
          id: cet-1674
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 164.docx
        date: 2017-04-10
       words: 3491
      flesch: 49
     summary: Both NiO and SiO2 phases were detected for both La- modified and unmodified Ni-based catalysts whilst La2O3 particles were well dispersed on catalyst support. No characteristic peaks were detected for La2O3 phase reasonably owing to the incorporation of La2O3 into the framework of SBA-15 support.
    keywords: catalysts; methane; reaction; reforming; sba-15; temperature
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        item: #3442 of 7527
          id: cet-1675
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 164.docx
        date: 2017-04-10
       words: 3504
      flesch: 53
     summary: The experimental data for glucose consumption, bioethanol yield, and biomass growth were fitted to polynomial equations and analysed. It was found that the range of bioethanol yield within 95 % confidence level was 0.448 - 0.457.
    keywords: bioethanol; incubation; inoculum; model; oil; opt; pome; sap; time; yield
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        item: #3443 of 7527
          id: cet-1676
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 164.docx
        date: 2017-04-10
       words: 2845
      flesch: 59
     summary: Many chemicals can be used as AMD treatment besides quicklime. Conclusions Based on the results obtained, quicklime is a suitable material to be used in AMD treatment.
    keywords: amd; figure; percentage; quicklime; reaction; sulphur; treatment; water
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        item: #3444 of 7527
          id: cet-1677
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 164.docx
        date: 2017-04-10
       words: 3348
      flesch: 52
     summary: PSf hollow fibre membranes were prepared via dry-wet spinning process from dope solution comprises of 18 wt% PSf and 4.8 wt% polyvinylpyrrolidone in N- methyl-2-pyrrolidone. In hemodialysis, the use of hollow fibre membrane is more preferable since it has a larger contact area with blood and the dialysate in spite of its small volume as a whole to exhibit excellent mass transfer efficiency (Feng et al., 2013).
    keywords: air; air gap; fibre; gap; hemodialysis; membrane; pore; psf; size
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        item: #3445 of 7527
          id: cet-1678
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 164.docx
        date: 2017-04-10
       words: 3301
      flesch: 37
     summary: 2. Overview of Chemistry and Technology Coal Course Coal Processing Technology Course (3 credits) has been delivered to Chemical Engineering students since the beginning of 2000s. Conclusions The description and knowledge sharing of learning and teaching Chemistry and Technology of Coal as elective course for Chemical Engineering students in the junior year have been presented in this paper.
    keywords: chemical; coal; course; energy; engineering; paper; processing; students; technology
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        item: #3446 of 7527
          id: cet-1679
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 164.docx
        date: 2017-04-10
       words: 2818
      flesch: 41
     summary: With this technology, environmental problems regarding waste plastics as well as the foreign oil dependency can be minimised. Singh R.K., Panda A.K., Mishra D.K., 2010, Thermolysis of waste plastics to liquid fuel: a suitable method for plastic waste management and manufacture of value added products: a world prospective, Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 14 (1), 233–248.
    keywords: biomass; chemical; city; compost; conveyor; energy; engineering; gasification; iligan; technology; waste
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        item: #3447 of 7527
          id: cet-168
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-168
        date: 2017-10-04
       words: 3505
      flesch: 46
     summary: Compared with the conventional PSD process, due to heat integration of high pressure column and low-pressure columns, heat integrated PSD is more energy efficient and economical and the total TAC is reduced by 9.4 %. Figure 2: Diagram of heat integrated PSD process for separating the pyrolysis products of phenol tar The overhead vapor of T01, i.e. stream V01, is divided into three-ply: stream V011, which is condensed directly with cooling water and represents the excess latent condensing heat of V01; stream V012, which exchanges heat with T02’s bottom liquid, i.e. B02L, through heat exchanger H12 to produce a vapor-liquid mixture stream, i.e. B02LV, whose vapor part B02R return to T02’s bottom tray and liquid part is taken as the bottom discharge of T02; stream V013 works in the similar way with V012.
    keywords: acetophenone; column; feed; heat; phenol; pressure; process; psd; stream
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        item: #3448 of 7527
          id: cet-1680
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 164.docx
        date: 2017-04-10
       words: 3068
      flesch: 48
     summary: DOI: 10.3303/CET1756269 Please cite this article as: Abidin M.N.Z., Goh P.S., Ismail A.R., Othman M.H.D., Hasbullah H., Said N., Kadir S.H.S.A., Kamal F., Abdullah M.S., Ng B.C., 2017, The effect of pca-g-mwcnts loading on the performance of pes/mwcnts hemodialysis membrane, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 56, 1609-1614 DOI:10.3303/CET1756269 1609 mailto:peisean@petroleum.utm.my Modification of PES membrane was done to allow better hydrophilicity (Huang et al., 2012), where it has a positive effect on flux, separation and antifouling performance (Zhao et al., 2012). 2.6 Evaluation of membrane separation performance The PWF, J and BSA rejection, R of the membranes were measured to evaluate the membranes separation performance.
    keywords: membrane; mwcnts; pca; performance; pes; pwf; separation; water
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        item: #3449 of 7527
          id: cet-1681
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 164.docx
        date: 2017-04-10
       words: 2189
      flesch: 48
     summary: Aside from fermentable sugar, undesired products such as furfural and hydroxymethyl furfural may be found during acid hydrolysis according to Yang and Wyman (2009). Fermentable sugar after acid hydrolysis (mg/g) 74.96  7.07 86.28  6.00 Ethanol strength (vol%) 24.88  0.20 6.01  3.20 Ethanol yield (g of ethanol/g of crushed fresh stem of grass) 0.30 0.20 Figure 4: Strengths of ethanol obtained at different dosage of yeast in fermentation
    keywords: acid; ethanol; fermentable; grasses; hydrolysis
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        item: #3450 of 7527
          id: cet-1682
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 164.docx
        date: 2017-04-10
       words: 2970
      flesch: 52
     summary: Figure 3: Real plant converted into virtual plant Table 4: Difference between plant data and model value during MAT testing Tag Description Plant Data HMB Model Value 1 Model Value 2 Unit OL1201:FI08 CO2 abs tails flow 76 80 95 83 t/h OL1201:PDI04A CO2 abs delta P lower section 293 294 275 265 mbarg OL2211:TI06 C3 to deeth from C3 abs bottom 11 5 4 6 °C OL2211ANZ:AI04D C2H4 prod C2H6 < Some of the valves were resized to get normal flow as per plant data during start-up and shutdown of the plant.
    keywords: control; data; dcs; flow; model; operator; plant; process; simulation; test; training
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        item: #3451 of 7527
          id: cet-1683
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 164.docx
        date: 2017-04-10
       words: 2618
      flesch: 53
     summary: The repair efficiency and fatigue life of cracked specimens repaired at different initial crack lengths of (a0 = 3 mm, 6 mm and 9 mm) and different stress ratios of (R = 0 and R = 0.1) were investigated. Mello et al. (2005) analysed the repair performance of Al 5052- DOI: 10.3303/CET1756272 Please cite this article as: Es-Saheb M., Khan S.M.A., Mohsin M.E.A., 2017, Fatigue behaviour of aa 7075-t6 plates repaired at different crack lengths, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 56, 1627-1632 DOI:10.3303/CET1756272 1627 H32 by composite patch for different initial crack lengths.
    keywords: crack; fatigue; figure; life; patch; repair
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        item: #3452 of 7527
          id: cet-1684
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 164.docx
        date: 2017-04-10
       words: 2946
      flesch: 48
     summary: Biomolecules such as transferrin, bovine serum albumin, chondroitin sulfate (Farmanesh et al., 2014), phosphate-containing biological compounds (Grases et al., 1990), and various plant extracts (Rodgers et al., 2014) also reported inhibition on calcium oxalate crystallisation kinetics. Grases F., Genestar C., Palou J., 1990, Study of the effects of several related phosphorus derivatives of biological interest in calcium oxalate crystal growth, Colloids and Surfaces 44, 29–34.
    keywords: balsamifera; calcium; concentration; crystallisation; extract; oxalate; rate
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        item: #3453 of 7527
          id: cet-1685
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 164.docx
        date: 2017-04-10
       words: 2337
      flesch: 39
     summary: From the pattern, it is confirmed that all prepared materials give slow release methenamine as the stable content for all varied materials. 2.2 Methods 2.2.1 Samples preparation Methenamine immobilised montmorillonite at varied methenamine contents (20 mmol/g; 50 mmol/g and 100 mmol/g) was prepared using the intercalation process by employing microwave irradiation method.
    keywords: chemical; content; figure; materials; methenamine; release; slow; study
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        item: #3454 of 7527
          id: cet-1686
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 164.docx
        date: 2017-04-10
       words: 1972
      flesch: 49
     summary: Result and Discussion The main effect of clay modification during the CRF preparation is the change of clay structure. The patterns suggest the crosslinking mechanism of chitosan to clay structure as suggested in the works related to polymer modification to clay (Lebaron et al., 1999) Figure 1: XRD pattern of SAP and Chit-SAP 1646 http://link.springer.com/search?facet-creator=%22J.+Herney-Ram%C3%ADrez%22 Figure 2: XRD pattern of MMt and Chit-MMt Figure 3 expresses the effect of chitosan modification onto the surface parameter, expressed by the pattern change of adsorption-desorption process and Table 1 lists the calculated surface parameter data based on the isotherm data.
    keywords: adsorption; chitosan; clay; figure; mmt; sap; urea
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        item: #3455 of 7527
          id: cet-1687
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 164.docx
        date: 2017-04-10
       words: 2365
      flesch: 39
     summary: The trend on synergistic index along time variation is exhibited in Figure 8. 0 0,2 0,4 0,6 0,8 1 1,2 200 400 600 800 A b s. Wavelength (nm) 0 4 8 12 16 1 2 3 4 5 F (R )h v Band gap Energy (eV) 1654 Figure 6: Spectra of treated salicylic acid solution at varied time under ZnO+UV treatment Figure 7: Kinetics of salicylic acid degradation over varied treatments (a) without H2O2 (b) with H2O2 Figure 3: Adsorption-desorption pattern of prepared ZnO The photoactivity and sonoactivity of ZnO is shown by the kinetics of salicylic acid degradation over varied treatments in Figure 6.
    keywords: acid; degradation; figure; h2o2; solution; treatment; zno
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        item: #3456 of 7527
          id: cet-1688
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 164.docx
        date: 2017-04-10
       words: 3717
      flesch: 50
     summary: 3.2 Effect of VCO extract on the cell viability Cells from the fibroblast cell line (HSF 1184) were exposed to increasing concentrations of VCO extracts for 24 h and their viability was assessed using the MTT assay. As a result, the percentage of wound closure for HSF 1184 using VCO extract 1.0 mg/mL was about 56.89 ± 2.35 % comparable to ascorbic acid (55.65 ± 1.08 %) after 24 h of treatment time.
    keywords: cell; closure; coconut; extract; oil; vco; wound
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        item: #3457 of 7527
          id: cet-1689
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 164.docx
        date: 2017-04-10
       words: 2943
      flesch: 50
     summary: 1665 Figure 2: Density and heating value testing of durian seeds briquettes at differences binder concentration Figure 2 shows heating value of briquettes decreased when binder concentration were changed from 4 to 8 % and remained constant after that binder concetration. The result of this testing at binder concentration variation can be seen in the Figure 3. Figure 3: Compressive strength and shatter index testing of durian seeds briquettes at differences binder concentration Figure 3 shows compressive strength increased at high binder concentration.
    keywords: agent; binder; briquettes; concentration; content; durian; material; seeds; shell
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        item: #3458 of 7527
          id: cet-169
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-169
        date: 2017-10-04
       words: 3879
      flesch: 54
     summary: Pal A., Singh S.B., Deep K., 2011, Use of particle swarm optimization algorithm for solving integer and mixed integer optimization problems, Journal of Computing Science and Communication Technologies, 4(1), 663-667. He Y., Chen D., 2008, Hybrid particle swarm optimization algorithm for mixed-integer nonlinear programming, Journal of Zhejiang University (Engineering Science), 42(5), 747-751. (in Chinese) Kennedy J., Eberhart R.C., 1995, Particle swarm optimization, In Proceedings of the 1995 IEEE International Conference on Neural Networks, 4, 1942-1948.
    keywords: algorithm; dch; particle; problem; pso; velocity
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        item: #3459 of 7527
          id: cet-1690
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 164.docx
        date: 2017-04-10
       words: 3628
      flesch: 51
     summary: 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 D ry p ro du ct g as H H V (M J/ N m 3 ) NG NG: OPF 25: 75 NG: OPF 50:50 NG: OPF 75: 25 OPF 0 20 40 60 80 100 C ar bo n co nv er si on ef fic ie cn y (% ) NG NG: OPF 25: 75 NG: OPF 50: 50 NG: OPF 75:25 OPF 1673 Cao Y., Wang Y., Riley J.T., Pan W.P., 2006, A novel biomass air gasification process for producing tar-free higher heating value fuel gas, Fuel Processing Technology 87 (4), 343-353. NG and OPF biomass obtained and provided by Crops for the Future Research Centre (CFFRC).
    keywords: biomass; blending; effect; energy; gasification; malaysia; oil; opf; palm; ratio; value
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        item: #3460 of 7527
          id: cet-1691
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 164.docx
        date: 2017-04-10
       words: 3864
      flesch: 49
     summary: The extract obtained was then analysed for total phenolic content and antioxidant activity. Recently, there are investigations or studies carried out in DOI: 10.3303/CET1756280 Please cite this article as: Alias N.H., Abbas Z., 2017, Preliminary investigation on the total phenolic content and antioxidant activity of pineapple wastes via microwave-assisted extraction at fixed microwave power, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 56, 1675-1680 DOI:10.3303/CET1756280 1675 order to make these wastes become benefits.
    keywords: activity; antioxidant; content; ethanol; extraction; phenolic; pineapple; value; water
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        item: #3461 of 7527
          id: cet-1692
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 164.docx
        date: 2017-04-10
       words: 2770
      flesch: 53
     summary: After that, hydrogen flow rate started to become constant. Figure 4 (c) shows the effect of pressure on hydrogen flow rate.
    keywords: carbon; hydrogen; methane; msr; rate; reaction; reactor; steam; wgs
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        item: #3462 of 7527
          id: cet-1693
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 164.docx
        date: 2017-04-10
       words: 3029
      flesch: 54
     summary: A publication of The Italian Association of Chemical Engineering Online at www.aidic.it/cet Guest Editors: Jiří Jaromír Klemeš, Peng Yen Liew, Wai Shin Ho, Jeng Shiun Lim Copyright © 2017, AIDIC Servizi S.r.l., ISBN 978-88-95608-47-1; ISSN 2283-9216 Hetero-atom Decoration of Activated Carbon without Post-Treatment Pawan Boonyoung, Panudetch Treeweranuwat, Peewara Leewattanakarn, Khanin Nueangnoraj* School of Bio-Chemical Engineering and Technology, Sirindhorn International Institute of Technology, Thammasat University, Thailand khanin@siit.tu.ac.th In this work, we attempt to decorate heteroatoms, including nitrogen and sulphur, into activated carbon without post-treatment. It is found that activated carbon prepared from shrimp shells has a higher nitrogen content (1.40 wt%) than that prepared from crab shells (0.47 wt%).
    keywords: acs; carbon; crab; lignite; nitrogen; shells; shrimp; wt%
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        item: #3463 of 7527
          id: cet-1694
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 164.docx
        date: 2017-04-10
       words: 2722
      flesch: 54
     summary: As observed in Figure 2, at 10 wt% concentration, PVA membrane exhibited the highest PSI with a high permeate flux of 0.22 kg/m2h and an equivalent selectivity of 28.7. Figure 5: AFM image and height profile of Ge Figure 6: TEM images of (a) vertical and (b) horizontal sections of 20MA-10PVA/0.15Ge membrane 3.2.2 FTIR analysis Figure 7 shows the FTIR spectra of 20MA-10PVA, 20MA-10PVA/0.15Ge, and neat PVA membranes.
    keywords: figure; membrane; pva; wt%
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        item: #3464 of 7527
          id: cet-1695
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 164.docx
        date: 2017-04-10
       words: 2749
      flesch: 55
     summary: 2.3 Preparation of membrane Pure PSf and blend PSf membranes with α-Fe2O3 NP were prepared by wet phase inversion method. The rejection of salts (sodium chloride (NaCl) and sodium sulfate (Na2SO4)) of the modified membrane was enhanced compared to pure PSf membrane under the same condition.
    keywords: abbad; fe2o3; flux; membrane; nanoparticles; psf
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        item: #3465 of 7527
          id: cet-1696
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 164.docx
        date: 2017-04-10
       words: 3023
      flesch: 46
     summary: The applications of succinic acid and its potential as one of the future platform chemicals have been widely reported in a number of literatures (Brink and Nicol, 2014). The worldwide production of succinic acid is estimated to be 20,000 to 30,000 t/y (Cukalovic and Stevens, 2008).
    keywords: acid; feed; formate; membrane; production; rejection; separation; succinate
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        item: #3466 of 7527
          id: cet-1697
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 164.docx
        date: 2017-04-10
       words: 3244
      flesch: 49
     summary: The carbon emission factor from UNDP reference that includes the life cycle assessment of paper from extraction of the natural resources to its production, but exclusive delivery to customers. 1713 Table 2: Carbon emission for each category from 2012 to 2014 Table 3: Summary of carbon footprint 2011-2014 Year Number of WTP Raw water treated (m3) Carbon Emission (MtCO2eq) Carbon Intensity (kgCO2eq/m3) 2011 27 156,092,717 84,745 0.5713 2012 29 321,213,179.24 112,649.84 0.3507 2013 29 475,407,922.80 170,564.00 0.3588 2014 42 579,481,988.42 207,295.73 0.3577 Figure 1: Three-Year trend of total carbon emissions from 2011 - 2014 Figure 2: Three-Year trend of total carbon intensity from 2011 - 2014 The expected outcome will be the evaluation of carbon emission from water treatment processes, supply system and business activities (administrative, logistic, etc.)
    keywords: carbon; electricity; emissions; scope; water; wuc; year
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        item: #3467 of 7527
          id: cet-1698
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 164.docx
        date: 2017-04-10
       words: 3283
      flesch: 55
     summary: The acidity of catalysts changed with loaded Co and Mo to zeolite Y. Results of SEM and XRD analysis showed that the morphology and crystal form of Co-Mo / zeolite Y unchanged with zeolite Y before impregnated with Co and Mo. Optimum liquid fuel yield (1.80 %) was obtained on a composition weight with Co metal of 0.59 g and Mo metal of 0.5 g. 1. The results of catalyst adhering metal of Co-Mo produce a specific surface area smaller than the initial HY.
    keywords: catalyst; coal; fuel; liquid; metal; surface; tar; zeolite
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        item: #3468 of 7527
          id: cet-1699
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 164.docx
        date: 2017-04-10
       words: 3145
      flesch: 49
     summary: In a common case, to ensure that the WtE plant does not bring harm to the surrounding, the concentration of pollutants is often studied via air dispersion modelling and simulation, where the ground level concentration (GLC) is reported. The correlation that can be deduce is that for the case of air dispersion in Taman Beringin, the allowance before the air pollution exceed the allowable limit is approximately 10 – 20 m above the chimney height.
    keywords: aermod; air; concentration; dispersion; hcl; height; plant; pollutants
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        item: #3469 of 7527
          id: cet-170
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-170
        date: 2017-10-04
       words: 3906
      flesch: 44
     summary: The emissions from agricultural and forestry practices now appear as emissions from biomass combustion, since they are now burned in lieu of power generation, and not in the field. 3. The calculated maximum biomass Maximum biomass share = Biomass technical potential in energy units Total energy input with coal GHG emissions = Fuel consumption × emission factor based on fuel and process Net emissions base case = emissions from coal combustion + emissions from agricultural/forestry practices Net emissions cofiring = emissions from coal combustion + emissions from biomass combustion +emissions from biomass logistics 718 share may then be reduced to 7 % to allow margins for the supply of biomass.
    keywords: biomass; coal; cofiring; combustion; emissions; energy; potential; power; rice; scenarios
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        item: #3470 of 7527
          id: cet-1700
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 164.docx
        date: 2017-04-10
       words: 3319
      flesch: 54
     summary: High amount of linoleic acid (C18:2) presented in SCG oils is necessary for human body. Finally, SCG oil was weighed, re-dissolved in methanol and stored at -18 °C until the analysis for lipid hydroperoxide content.
    keywords: acid; coffee; content; extraction; maceration; mae; methods; oil; phenolic; scg
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        item: #3471 of 7527
          id: cet-1701
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 164.docx
        date: 2017-04-10
       words: 3188
      flesch: 52
     summary: A × B × C × D (2) 3.2 Central composite design Optimisation of medium and cultural condition for cellulase production was carried out with the FPase activity as the response. The Pennisetum sp. was proved to be a potential substrate for cellulase production where the production of cellulase was comparable with the other reported cellulosic substrate (Pirzadah et al., 2014).
    keywords: fpase; medium; pennisetum; production
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        item: #3472 of 7527
          id: cet-1702
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 164.docx
        date: 2017-04-10
       words: 3099
      flesch: 49
     summary: Table 5: Correlation between area noise level and personal noise level in 18 selected SMEs Area noise Personal noise Area noise Pearson Correlation 1 0.469 Sig. These factors include personal noise level, age and working experience (years) that might enhance the probability of getting auditory (NIHL) effect for an individual (Nizam et al., 2004).
    keywords: area; exposure; health; hearing; level; loss; monitoring; nihl; noise; workers
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        item: #3473 of 7527
          id: cet-1703
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 164.docx
        date: 2017-04-10
       words: 3214
      flesch: 41
     summary: The extraction conditions associated with allicin yield, including particle size, extraction temperature and extraction time, are discussed. The effect of operational parameters such as extraction time, extraction temperature and particle size were evaluated to identify its optimum condition for extraction and this applicability was appreciated by using the result of subsequent HPLC analysis on allicin content.
    keywords: allicin; extraction; garlic; min; temperature; time; uae
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        item: #3474 of 7527
          id: cet-1704
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 164.docx
        date: 2017-04-10
       words: 3605
      flesch: 51
     summary: Studies on the impact of aircraft crash on containment are given little or no considerations to the effect of explosion overpressure to auxiliary buildings. Therefore, values of explosion overpressure obtained on the basis of multi energy approach were used for vulnerability estimation.
    keywords: blast; building; cloud; containment; damage; distance; explosion; method; nuclear; overpressure
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        item: #3475 of 7527
          id: cet-1705
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 164.docx
        date: 2017-04-10
       words: 3361
      flesch: 49
     summary: Overall, the addition of Al(OH)3/Mg(OH)2 additive to unsaturated polyester resin can increase the fire retardancy of composite and can be used as an alternative to synthesise fire retardant composite. In this research, the synthesis of fire retardant UPR based composite has been conducted by varying the concentration of Al(OH)3/Mg(OH)2 additive.
    keywords: additive; al(oh)3; composite; fire; mg(oh)2; resin; temperature; test
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        item: #3476 of 7527
          id: cet-1706
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 164.docx
        date: 2017-04-10
       words: 3404
      flesch: 50
     summary: This waste has been processed by the neutralisation system for phosphate precipitation with the addition of lime (CaO). van-Kemenade and Bruyen (1987) found that above of pH 6.7 the order of increasing stability of calcium phosphate precipitation is HAP > DCPD > OCP, and the stability sequence changes to HAP >
    keywords: gypsum; molar; phosphate; po4; precipitation; ratio; waste; wastewater
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        item: #3477 of 7527
          id: cet-1707
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 164.docx
        date: 2017-04-10
       words: 3617
      flesch: 44
     summary: The penetration depths of extraction mixture at ambient temperature (25 °C) are 3.8 cm, 3.2 cm and 1.4 cm at ISM frequencies of 0.433 GHz, 0.915 GHz and 2.45 GHz. The dielectric properties of extraction mixture are worth to be considered to certify the consistency and reproducibility of the microwave-assisted extraction at large scale production.
    keywords: dielectric; extraction; heating; leaves; microwave; mixture; properties
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        item: #3478 of 7527
          id: cet-1708
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 164.docx
        date: 2017-04-10
       words: 3604
      flesch: 49
     summary: Alternatively, biogas which is a renewable energy can be produced from organic solid waste. Stabilisation of organic wastes by composting is highly desirable as composting eliminates odour, increases DOI: 10.3303/CET1756297 Please cite this article as: Zulkepli N.E., Muis Z.A., Mahmood N.A.N., Hashim H., Ho W.S., 2017, Cost benefit analysis of composting and anaerobic digestion in a community: a review, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 56, 1777-1782 DOI:10.3303/CET1756297 1777 nutrient contents, and prevents the organic wastes from becoming phytotoxic when incorporated into the soil (Kuo et al., 2004).
    keywords: anaerobic; biogas; community; compost; digestion; msw; organic; process; scenario; waste
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        item: #3479 of 7527
          id: cet-1709
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 164.docx
        date: 2017-04-10
       words: 3651
      flesch: 53
     summary: Thus, MAAEE could speed up extraction process as compared to Soxhlet which required 6 h extraction time to achieve similar amount of extraction yield. The decrease of extraction yield with further extraction time might be due to the depletion of the substrates and/or product inhibition of enzymes (Jiao et al., 2014).
    keywords: block; enzyme; extraction; microwave; oil; particle; power; time; yield
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        item: #3480 of 7527
          id: cet-171
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-171
        date: 2017-10-04
       words: 2856
      flesch: 55
     summary: The development of models for the prediction of microalgae growth plays an important role and has the objective to increase the productivity. The population balance equation (PBE) could give us a deeper understanding compared to other commonly used models related to microalgae growth.
    keywords: cells; growth; microalgae; number; population; size; temperature
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        item: #3481 of 7527
          id: cet-1710
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 164.docx
        date: 2017-04-10
       words: 3377
      flesch: 39
     summary: Optimum ethanol content was obtained in 104,452 g/L value. Optimum ethanol content can be determined from Figure 3(b).
    keywords: concentration; content; ethanol; fermentation; inoculum; mobilis; value; zymomonas
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        item: #3482 of 7527
          id: cet-1711
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 164.docx
        date: 2017-04-10
       words: 2908
      flesch: 51
     summary: Ledezma P, Greenmann J., Ieoropolus I., 2012, Maximising electricity production by controlling the biofilm specific growth rate in microbial fuel cells, Bioresource Technology 118, 615-618. 1799 Logan B.E., Hamelers B., Rozendal R., Schroder U., Keller J., Frequia S., Aelterman P., Verstraete W., Rabaey K., 2006, Microbial fuel cells:  methodology and technology, Environmental Science and Technology 40, 5181–5192. Di Palma L, Geri A., Maccioni M., Paoletti C., Petroni G., Di Batista A., Varrone C., 2015, Experimental assessment of a process including microbial fuel cell for nitrogen removal from digestate of anaerobic treatment of livestock manure and agricultural wastes, Chemical Engineering Transaction 43, 2239-2244.
    keywords: cell; efb; engineering; fuel; growth; mfc; microbial; power
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        item: #3483 of 7527
          id: cet-1712
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 164.docx
        date: 2017-04-10
       words: 4012
      flesch: 58
     summary: 3.2 Bio-oil Yield and Properties Fast pyrolysis was carried out in a fixed bed reactor to produce bio-oil. The effects of emulsification parameters on combustion properties are given in Figure 4. Figure 4: Contour graph on the effect of bio-oil concentration and surfactant concentration on combustion properties of bio-oil – diesel blend; (a) density, (b) pH, (c) heating value As seen in Figure 4(a), the density of the emulsions changed significantly with the varying of bio-oil and surfactant concentrations, but not with the type of surfactant.
    keywords: bio; biomass; content; diesel; heating; oil; pks; pyrolysis; value; wt%
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        item: #3484 of 7527
          id: cet-1713
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 164.docx
        date: 2017-04-10
       words: 3133
      flesch: 47
     summary: Ma Y., Kelman A., Daly A., Borrelli F., 2012, Predictive control for energy efficient buildings with thermal storage, IEEE Control System Magazine 32,44-64. McGee C., 2013, Passive Design Shading <www.yourhome.gov.au/ passive-design> accessed 15.11.2016 Noble D., Kensek K., 1998, Computer generated solar envelopes in architecture, The Journal of Architecture 3, 117-127. This research aimed at carrying out an exploratory survey of recessed window façade (RWF) shading in selected buildings in Johor Bahru Malaysia.
    keywords: buildings; coefficient; design; energy; glazing; heat; malaysia; rwf; shading; window
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        item: #3485 of 7527
          id: cet-1714
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 164.docx
        date: 2017-04-10
       words: 4151
      flesch: 43
     summary: Figure 1: Methodology of This Study 4.1 Assessment method identification The first task in this study is to conduct an extensive literature review on the existing occupational health assessment methods, which also includes inherent occupational health assessment methods. Conclusion In this work, the literature review has been conducted on existing occupational health assessment methods for assessing health risk in chemical process design.
    keywords: assessment; chemical; exposure; hazard; health; methods; occupational; process; risk; stage
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        item: #3486 of 7527
          id: cet-1715
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 164.docx
        date: 2017-04-10
       words: 2376
      flesch: 53
     summary: The characterisation of hard seed gum capsule was evaluated using standardised tests of Thai Industrial Standard (TIS. 913-2545) and compared to the characterisation of hard gelatin capsule. The results present that seed gum capsule had more water resistance and drug release for seed gum capsule also took longer than that gelatin.
    keywords: capsule; cassia; fistula; gelatin; gum; hard; seed
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        item: #3487 of 7527
          id: cet-1716
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 164.docx
        date: 2017-04-10
       words: 3635
      flesch: 31
     summary: 2.1 Escherichia coli strain and cell immobilisation Srividya A.R., 2014, Immobilisation of therapeutically beneficial, The Journal of Pharmaceutical Research 3 (4), 440–465. Thirumarimurugan M., 2016, Methods of cell immobilisation and its application, International Journal of Innovative Research in Science, Engineering and Technology 5 (4), 5429–5433.
    keywords: activity; carbon; cell; coli; graphene; immobilisation; oxide; recombinant; xylanase
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        item: #3488 of 7527
          id: cet-1717
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 164.docx
        date: 2017-04-10
       words: 3482
      flesch: 45
     summary: 61, 104-113 Canilha L., Sontos V.T.O, Rocha G.J.M., Silva J.B.A., Guilietti M., Silva S.S., Felipe M.G.A., Ferraz A., Milagres A.M.F., Carvalbo W., 2011, A study on the pretreatment of a sugarcane bagasse sample with dilute sulfuric acid, Journal of Industrial Microbiology and Biotechnology 38, 1467-1475 Eliana C., Jorge R., Juan P., Luis R., 2014, Effects of Pretreatment method on enzymatic hydrolysis and ethanol fermentability of the cellulosic fraction from elephant grass, Fuel 118, 41-47 Gao X., Kumar R., Singh S., Simmons B.A., Balan V., Dale B.E., Wyman C.E., 2014, Comparison of enzymatic reactivity of corn storve solids prepared by dilute acid, AFEXTM, and ionic liquid pretreatments, Biotechnology for Biofuel 7, 71, DOI: 10.1186/1754-6834-7-71 Gao Y., Xu J., Zhang Y., Yu Q., Yuan Z., Liu Y., 2013, Effects of different pretreatment methods on chemical composition of sugarcane bagasse and enzymatic hydrolysis, Bioresource Technology 144, 396-400 Ju Y.H., Huynh L.H., Kasim N.S., Guo T.J., Wang J.H., Fazary A.E., 2011, Analysis of soluble and insoluble fractions of alkali and subcritical water treated sugarcane bagasse, Carbohydrate Polymer 83, 591-599 Kaar W.E., Holtzapple M.T., 2000, Using lime pretreatment to facilitate the enzymic hydrolysis of corn stover, Biomass and Bioenergy. The present work aimed to study the effect of alkali pretreatment on removal of lignin from sugarcane bagasse using sodium hydroxide.
    keywords: alkali; bagasse; hydroxide; lignin; loading; min; pretreatment; removal; sugarcane; wt%
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        item: #3489 of 7527
          id: cet-1718
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 164.docx
        date: 2017-04-10
       words: 3159
      flesch: 53
     summary: Water absorption of WTR bricks are presented in Table 4 and Figure 2. Table 4: Water absorption of WTR bricks Temperature Water absorption (%) for varying WTR (%) 20 30 40 50 60 950 °C 18.28 17.94 24.64 27.74 31.28 1,000 °C 15.86 15.28 20.72 21.53 24.65 1,050 °C 15.18 15.98 17.88 18.20 19.51 0.00 2.00 4.00 6.00 8.00 10.00 12.00 14.00 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% C o m p re s s iv e s tr e n g th (N /m m 2 ) WTR (%) 950°C 1000°C 1050°C1,000°C 1,050°C 1839 Figure 2: Water absorption of WTR bricks 3.4 Efflorescence on WTR bricks From the observation, no efflorescence effects were detected on all the bricks.
    keywords: absorption; bricks; clay; strength; table; temperature; treatment; water; wtr
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        item: #3490 of 7527
          id: cet-1719
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 164.docx
        date: 2017-04-10
       words: 4117
      flesch: 50
     summary: 2.6 Effect of MP and pH in Coagulate Efficiency Coagulants are widely used in water treatment process. Where FRDWF is the flux reduction of DI water flux, %; DWFb is the DI water flux before filtration, L/(m2h) and DWFa is the DI water flux after filtration, L/(m2h).
    keywords: coagulation; efficiency; flux; kaolin; membrane; mg mp; process; removal; test; turbidity; water
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        item: #3491 of 7527
          id: cet-172
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-172
        date: 2017-10-04
       words: 3011
      flesch: 47
     summary: This superstructure consists of the possibility of material integration between biorefinery processes as well as Total Site Heat Integration through a common steam and hot water utility system. [kW/t biomass] a b c d SSCF HTL Gasification Pulp Mill MP IP LP HP LP HP IP LP LP IP 730 By carrying out process integration for each of the processes, conditions of steam used or generated through heat recovery by the processes is identified.
    keywords: biomass; biorefinery; graph; heat; integration; mill; process; processes; pulp; steam
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        item: #3492 of 7527
          id: cet-1720
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 164.docx
        date: 2017-04-10
       words: 4553
      flesch: 45
     summary: The use of HC refrigerants must be safe and also efficient as inefficient HC systems contribute more CO2 emissions than conventional HCFC or HFC refrigerants as 90 % of emissions are from are from indirect emissions. In actual experiments, numerous authors have reported different results in comparing HC refrigerants with HCFC and HFC refrigerants.
    keywords: acr; air; ashrae; flammability; hcfc; hfc; refrigerants; refrigeration; safety; standards; systems; use
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        item: #3493 of 7527
          id: cet-1721
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 164.docx
        date: 2017-04-10
       words: 4091
      flesch: 46
     summary: This work has investigated on the influence of Pluronic at 1 %, 3 %, 5 % blend with PES membrane on xylitol purification from sugar mixtures. Rejection test was performed to investigate the effect of blending PES membrane with Pluronic at 1 %, 3 %, and 5 % on the xylitol separation from the mixture.
    keywords: flux; fouling; membrane; pes; pluronic; ratio; rejection; separation; solution; water; xylitol
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        item: #3494 of 7527
          id: cet-1722
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 164.docx
        date: 2019-01-24
       words: 3051
      flesch: 45
     summary: It can be seen mechanism of epoxidation and potential side reactions of epoxides in Figure 1. (a) (b) Figure 1: (a) Mechanism of epoxidation; (b) Potential side reactions of epoxides Figure 2(a) describes yield of epoxide from WCO epoxidation catalyzed sulfuric acid reached at maximum content of 3.1 % within temperature of 60 °C for 5 h. Commonly epoxidation of vegetable oil can be obtained the oxirane oxygen content about 6 - 7 %. Fong M.N.F., Salimon J., 2011, Epoxidation of palm kernel oil fatty acids, Journal of Science and Technology 4 (2), 87–98.
    keywords: acid; conversion; epoxidation; iodine; oil; oxirane; oxygen; reaction; wco
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        item: #3495 of 7527
          id: cet-1723
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 164.docx
        date: 2017-04-10
       words: 4334
      flesch: 52
     summary: There are three different groups of stress proteins. This study compares the biochemical characteristics of two lactobacilli isolates, one each from dairy food and the bovine rumen, by investigating the production of volatile compounds, alterations in fatty acid profiles and changes in the 1D SDS PAGE patterns under low pH and high bile salt stress conditions.
    keywords: acid; bile; conditions; fatty; min; protein; salts; standard; stress
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        item: #3496 of 7527
          id: cet-1724
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 164.docx
        date: 2017-04-10
       words: 3375
      flesch: 53
     summary: Schubbe J., Mall S., 1999, Modeling of cracked thick metallic structure with bonded composite patch repair using three-layer technique, Composite Structures 45, 185-193. (2013) worked on thick plated repaired with bonded composite patch.
    keywords: composite; crack; fatigue; life; patch; repair
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        item: #3497 of 7527
          id: cet-1725
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 164.docx
        date: 2017-04-10
       words: 2398
      flesch: 34
     summary: The area which is initially patched with solid particles i.e. a mixture of sand and biomass particles in ratio of 1 : 1, is involving the 40 % of the reactor volume. The boundary conditions (Figure 5) are set as follows: the wall conditions are fixed at no slip with no shear stress at any directions and thermally isolated; the bottom surface of the reactor has the inlet air at different velocities and zero velocity for solid particles; the ambient air temperature and pressure are set to the reference values; the outlet surface on top of the reactor is in absolute pressure with no backflow pressure defined.
    keywords: bed; biomass; figure; gas; heat; model; particle; reactor
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        item: #3498 of 7527
          id: cet-1726
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 164.docx
        date: 2017-04-10
       words: 4227
      flesch: 63
     summary: When the overall risk is halved (safety is increased two times), the arrangement of the HEs is different, as hot stream H2 is split and the HE 1888 Table 3: Comparison of solutions considering a) no risk assessment, b) overall risk assessment limit halved compared to a), and c) overall risk assessment halved and initial risk assessment is set as one-third of overall risk limit Optimisation NPV/ Tox: 49.2 % Flam: 37.5 % Expl: 19.3 % Tox: 57.0% Flam: 50 % Expl: 12.4 % c)/a) 99.46% 104.6 % 300 % 145.4 % Tox: 49.2 % Flam: 37.7 % Expl: 6.89 % Tox: 28.1 % Flam: 25.7 % Expl: 5.17 % Figure 2: HEN design considering (a) no risk assessment, (b) overall risk assessment limit halved compared to (a), and (c) overall risk assessment halved and initial risk assessment set as one-third of overall risk limit types selected are plate and frame between process streams.
    keywords: assessment; heat; hx hx; indirect; process; risk; transfer
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        item: #3499 of 7527
          id: cet-1727
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 164.docx
        date: 2017-04-10
       words: 2768
      flesch: 43
     summary: Adsorption isotherm models, Langmuir, Freundlich, Dubinin-Radushkevich and Temkin were used to analyse the equilibrium data. 3. Results and Discussion Figure 1 shows the experimental data of adsorption isotherms Cd2+ ions by the sericin/alginate particles.
    keywords: adsorption; alginate; ions; isotherm; particles; sericin
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        item: #3500 of 7527
          id: cet-1728
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 164.docx
        date: 2017-04-10
       words: 2765
      flesch: 49
     summary: The results shown that best microorganism for lipase production was the Rhizomucor sp. Mohseni et al. (2012) studied several agricultural products for lipase production, including rice bran, sugarcane bagasse, wheat bran, barley bran and corn meal.
    keywords: bagasse; enzyme; lipase; moisture; penicillium; production; rhizomucor
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        item: #3501 of 7527
          id: cet-1729
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 164.docx
        date: 2017-04-10
       words: 3934
      flesch: 57
     summary: 𝑉 𝑚𝑝 (1) where, C0 is the initial concentration of solutions (1 mmol/L), Ce is the equilibrium concentration after 24 h of adsorption in batch process, V is the volume of metal solution (50 mL), and mp is the dry mass of the particles (0.5 g). The metallic affinity for toxic metals: copper (Cu2+), nickel (Ni2+), cadmium (Cd2+), zinc (Zn2+), lead (Pb2+), chromium (Cr3+) and noble metals: palladium (Pd2+), platinum (Pt+4), gold (Au+3), silver (Ag+) were investigated in this work.
    keywords: adsorption; alginate; metals; particles; peg; sericin; silva; solution
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        item: #3502 of 7527
          id: cet-173
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-173
        date: 2017-10-04
       words: 3333
      flesch: 55
     summary: 735 Figure 1: Emissions factor for CHP power generation (a) and percentage emissions reduction per unit of power generated using CHP (b). Net emissions from CHP electricity generation will be compared to grid based generation in other developed and developing nations to demonstrate under what conditions CHP using fossil fuels increases or decreases carbon emissions.
    keywords: chp; cost; efficiency; electricity; emissions; fuel; generation; new; power; zealand
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        item: #3503 of 7527
          id: cet-1730
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 164.docx
        date: 2017-04-10
       words: 2854
      flesch: 53
     summary: SO2 removal efficiency is depending on the proportion of the L/G which is the proportion of the normal water flow and normal flue gas flow, shown in Figure 4. Upon contact of flue gas and liquid, the hot flue gas is cooled and pollutants are being removed from flue gas.
    keywords: element; figure; flow; flue; gas; liquid; so2
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        item: #3504 of 7527
          id: cet-1731
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 164.docx
        date: 2017-04-10
       words: 3830
      flesch: 61
     summary: Thanks to this change, the reducing agent gets in lower flue gas temperature and achieves better conversion of chemical reaction. Table 3: Average values of experiment with high output Experiment Temperature NH3 slip Satamin NOx CO O2 1 1,066 °C 0.12 mg/mN3 66.1 kg/h 159.8 mg/mN3 42.55 mg/mN3 1.85 % 2 1,008 °C 0.00 mg/mN3 143.0 kg/h 165.5 mg/mN3 35.69 mg/mN3 2.01 % Figure 4: Steam boiler output of 200 t/h 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 O 2 ; N H 3 sl ip C O ; S a ta m in ; N O x Time
    keywords: boiler; combustion; nox; satamin; temperature
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        item: #3505 of 7527
          id: cet-1732
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 164.docx
        date: 2017-04-10
       words: 3738
      flesch: 41
     summary: The next part of article concentrates on forecasting of waste production by the application of the advanced model. In addition, mass balances within the territorial hierarchy must be met (the sum of waste production in areas of lower level of the hierarchy (subregion) must be equal to the waste production of higher level of hierarchy (region)).
    keywords: czech; data; forecasting; input; management; models; production; republic; waste
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        item: #3506 of 7527
          id: cet-1733
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 164.docx
        date: 2017-04-10
       words: 3574
      flesch: 56
     summary: Figure 5: (a) Quantification of waste transportation costs for various annual capacities, (b) Quantification of annual waste transportation costs for various annual capacities and 90 kt/y distance Amount of transported waste along the edge is still unknown, the whole transportation cost are defined by Eq(1): 𝑇𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑠𝑝𝑜𝑟𝑡𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑡 = 𝐶𝑎𝑝𝑎𝑐𝑖𝑡𝑦 ∙ 𝐶𝑜𝑠𝑡𝑇𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑠𝑝𝑜𝑟𝑡 𝑝𝑒𝑟 𝑡𝑜𝑛(Capacity) (1) where unit price for transportation depends on the amount of transported waste (Figure 5(a)). Waste transport from producers to the pre-processing facilities and/or plants for final treatment significantly contributes to overall processing cost and should be properly investigated to select the most convenient solution.
    keywords: cost; distance; figure; garbage; system; transportation; waste
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        item: #3507 of 7527
          id: cet-1734
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 164.docx
        date: 2017-04-10
       words: 3180
      flesch: 46
     summary: Figure 1: Construction of new brick kilns Figure 2: Shape of new brick kilns system The final and initial brick temperatures were determined using thermocouples inserted into the kilns, and were maintained during the burning operation. A publication of The Italian Association of Chemical Engineering Online at www.aidic.it/cet Guest Editors: Jiří Jaromír Klemeš, Peng Yen Liew, Wai Shin Ho, Jeng Shiun Lim Copyright © 2017, AIDIC Servizi S.r.l., ISBN 978-88-95608-47-1; ISSN 2283-9216 Automatic Control of Coupled Brick Kilns Javier de J. Guadarramaa, Rosa-Hilda Chavez*,b aFacultad de Ingeniería UAEMex, Cerro de Coatepec s/n, Ciudad Universitaria, Toluca, 50110, México, México bInstituto Nacional de Investigaciones Nucleares, Carretera Mexico Toluca S/N, La Marquesa, Ocoyoacac, 52750, México rosahilda.chavez@inin.gob.mx This work focuses on the design of a new overall electronic control system set to coupled brick kilns to obtain good energy efficiency, reduce greenhouse gas emission (GHGE) and adoptable by brick workers.
    keywords: bricks; combustion; control; energy; fuel; heat; kiln; system; temperature
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        item: #3508 of 7527
          id: cet-1735
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 164.docx
        date: 2017-04-10
       words: 3941
      flesch: 65
     summary: However, the pinch temperatures for hot streams (hot pinch) and cold streams (cold Pinch) are different. It is suggested that the pinch temperature to be used is determined by the original identity of the streams with pressure manipulation: (1) the pinch temperature for cold streams (cold pinch) is used for Pinch Compression/Expansion of a cold stream, and (2) the Pinch temperature for hot streams (hot Pinch) is used for Pinch Compression/Expansion of a hot stream.
    keywords: expansion; heat; pinch; stream; temperature; tpi
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        item: #3509 of 7527
          id: cet-1736
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 164.docx
        date: 2017-04-10
       words: 3462
      flesch: 51
     summary: The characterisation of printed circuit boards (PCB) removed from discarded mobile phones in Brazil and an inventory of data of the components in PCB were accomplished in this paper. This work aimed at the characterisation of printed circuit boards taken from discarded mobile phones in Brazil and will provide important information for future life cycle assessment of this product in the country.
    keywords: analysis; boards; circuit; material; metals; pcb; phones; recycling; waste
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        item: #3510 of 7527
          id: cet-1737
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 164.docx
        date: 2017-04-10
       words: 3667
      flesch: 45
     summary: 1954 Figure 1: Vitamin E release in simulated gastric fluid (SGF) at pH 1.2 Figure 2: Vitamin E release in simulated intestinal fluid (SIF) at pH 7.4 Figure 2 shows the percentage of controlled release for encapsulated vitamin E with and without addition of selenomethionine at pH 7.4. The release of vitamin E was calculated based on following equation: 1952 Release = (Rt ̶ R0) / Rt X 100 (1) Where, Rt represents vitamin E release at t time and R0 refers to their reading at 0 times.
    keywords: maltodextrin; release; selenomethionine; size; vitamin; vitamin e; water
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        item: #3511 of 7527
          id: cet-174
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-174
        date: 2017-10-04
       words: 3586
      flesch: 53
     summary: This study analyses the potential implications of electricity trading to meeting the global emissions reduction targets. Some scholars suggest electricity trading as an alternative.
    keywords: carbon; co2; country; electricity; emissions; energy; intensity; study; trading
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        item: #3512 of 7527
          id: cet-175
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-175
        date: 2017-10-04
       words: 3803
      flesch: 50
     summary: Figure 1: Physical processes of BSDF for heating 2.2 3E assessment models of BSDF for heating LCA 2.2.1 Energy and environment analysis models of BSDF heating LCA The fossil energy consumption and GHG emissions from BSDF heating production could be decreased by optimising biomass materials collection and utilisation processes and shorten load distance.
    keywords: air; bsdf; case; coal; consumption; emissions; energy; fossil; ghg; heating
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        item: #3513 of 7527
          id: cet-176
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-176
        date: 2017-10-04
       words: 2456
      flesch: 40
     summary: 2. Basis of design 2.1 Entrainer selection Entrainers play an important role in extractive distillation processes, and the relative volatility is a criterion of its selection. Moreover, there are no distillation boundaries for the three ternary systems with DMSO, so extractive distillation process will be an efficient method for the separation of THF/ethanol/water mixture.
    keywords: ced; distillation; energy; ethanol; process; ternary; thf; water
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        item: #3514 of 7527
          id: cet-177
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-177
        date: 2017-10-04
       words: 4089
      flesch: 71
     summary: The purpose is to design multi-period heat exchanger networks for both Interplant and Intra-plant Heat Integration. In this work, we propose a new methodology for Multi-Plant Heat Integration considering multi-period operations.
    keywords: heat; integration; j k; j s; k s; p j; plant; s p
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        item: #3515 of 7527
          id: cet-178
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-178
        date: 2017-10-04
       words: 3403
      flesch: 49
     summary: Extractive distillation process with two-column decanter (EDTCD) was improved to separate the system. Based on the total annual cost (TAC), the design of the two DOI: 10.3303/CET1761125 Please cite this article as: Zhu Z., Wang Y., Hu J., Qi X., Wang Y., 2017, Extractive distillation process combined with decanter for separating ternary azeotropic mixture of toluene-methanol-water, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 61, 763-768 DOI:10.3303/CET1761125 763 processes was optimized in order to obtain more economical configuration.
    keywords: column; distillation; methanol; model; process; toluene; water
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        item: #3516 of 7527
          id: cet-179
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-179
        date: 2017-10-04
       words: 3555
      flesch: 58
     summary: The coordination numbers of potassium (in KCl aqueous solution) obtained from “classical” QM/MM and QMCF assisting QM/MM were 6.2 and 6.8. Molecular dynamics simulation, which can model a real experiment, could provide quantitative information of KCl aqueous solution.
    keywords: concentration; kcl; raman; simulation; solutions; structure; water
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        item: #3517 of 7527
          id: cet-180
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-180
        date: 2017-10-04
       words: 4540
      flesch: 57
     summary: In the first instance, TSHI focused on high temperature processes (Pinch Temperature, >120 °C) where steam (an isothermal utility) was used to indirectly recovery and supply heat. For low temperature processes (Pinch Temperature, <120 °C), Heat Recovery Loops (HRL), which use non-isothermal fluids such as water for heat transfer medium, act as a dedicated Heat Recovery system that may be enhanced by the integration of renewable energy (Walmsley et al., 2015) and heat transfer enhancement (Tarighaleslami et al., 2016a).
    keywords: design; heat; method; process; targets; uen; utility
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        item: #3518 of 7527
          id: cet-181
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-181
        date: 2017-10-04
       words: 3716
      flesch: 44
     summary: 3. Results and discussion 3.1 Effects of pretreatment temperature and time Figure 1a displays that the decomposition of hemicellulose and lignin were enhanced with the increase in the 782 pretreatment temperature at a certain range of temperature (80 °C ~ 120 Time (h) 80 o C 100 o C 120 o C 140 o C 160 o C (b) Figure 1: Effect of pretreatment temperature on the substrate composition (a); and the hydrolysis yield of the pretreated corncobs (b).
    keywords: cellulose; corncobs; ethanol; fecl3; figure; hemicellulose; hydrolysis; pretreatment
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        item: #3519 of 7527
          id: cet-182
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-182
        date: 2017-10-04
       words: 3348
      flesch: 43
     summary: In this respect, this work presents a decision making framework for designing BES by addressing criticality of process units via redundancy allocation. The BES is composed of n number of process units, with each unit is characterized by a scale-invariant material and energy balance ratio.
    keywords: analysis; bes; criticality; process; redundancy; reliability; system; unit
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        item: #3520 of 7527
          id: cet-183
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-183
        date: 2017-10-04
       words: 3736
      flesch: 43
     summary: Wang et al. (2010) conducted both steady-state and dynamic simulations on a plant-wide RD-based design of DMC synthesis process and found that the extractive distillation was more economical than the pressure-swing distillation (PSD). Wang S.J., Yu C.C., Huang H.P., 2010, Plant-wide design and control of DMC synthesis process via reactive distillation and thermally coupled extractive distillation, Computers and Chemical Engineering, 34, 361-373.
    keywords: distillate; dmc; heat; kpa; meoh; operating; pressure; process; utility
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        item: #3521 of 7527
          id: cet-184
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-184
        date: 2017-10-04
       words: 2235
      flesch: 54
     summary: Quan Z. H., Chen Y. C., Ma C. F., 2008, Heat mass transfer model of fouling process of calcium carbonate on heat transfer surface. Comparison between new model and Pӓӓkkoken (2015).
    keywords: figure; fouling; heat; model; rate; resistance; transfer
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        item: #3522 of 7527
          id: cet-185
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-185
        date: 2017-10-04
       words: 3570
      flesch: 56
     summary: In this paper, a model of sugar juice evaporation process is presented. Energy integration of multiple effect evaporators in sugar process production, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 21, 277-282. Ensinas A.V., Nebra S.A., Lozano M.A., Serra L., 2007.
    keywords: effect; evaporator; heater; juice; process; sugar; surface
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        item: #3523 of 7527
          id: cet-186
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-186
        date: 2017-10-04
       words: 3475
      flesch: 59
     summary: Liu G.L., Li H., Feng X., Deng C., 2013, Novel method for targeting the optimal purification feed flow rate of hydrogen network with purification reuse/recycle, AIChE Journal, 59, 1964-1980 Liu G.L., Zheng M.Y., Li L., Jia X.X., Dou W.M., Feng X., 2014, Effect of purification feed and product purities on the hydrogen network integration, Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research, 53, 6433-6449 Zhang Q., Liu G.L., Feng X., Chu K.H., Deng C., 2014, Hydrogen networks synthesis considering separation performance of purifiers, International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 39, 8357-8373 Deng C., Zhou Y., Li Y., Feng X., 2014, Flowrate targeting for interplant hydrogen networks, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 39, 19-24 Wang Y.J., Zheng M., Liu G.L, Zhang D., Zhang Q., 2016, Graphical method for simultaneous optimization of the hydrogen recovery and purification feed, International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 41(4), 2631-2648 Liang J.J., Liu G.L., 2017, Pinch analysis for the hydrogen network with the concentration of fresh hydrogen considered, Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress (In Chinese), 3(36), 886-891 Towler G.P., Mann R., Serriere A.J.L., 1996, Refinery hydrogen management: cost analysis of chemically- integrated facilities, Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research, 35(7), 2378-2388. 61, 2017 A publication of The Italian Association of Chemical Engineering Online at www.aidic.it/cet Guest Editors: Petar S Varbanov, Rongxin Su, Hon Loong Lam, Xia Liu, Jiří J Klemeš Copyright © 2017, AIDIC Servizi S.r.l. ISBN 978-88-95608-51-8; ISSN 2283-9216 Integration of the Hydrogen Network with Fresh Hydrogen and Purification Feed Optimized Simultaneously Jingjing Liang, Guilian Liu* School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi Province, China, 710049 guilianliui@mail.xjtu.edu.cn For hydrogen network, the Fresh Hydrogen Purity (FHP) and the purification affect its Hydrogen Utility (or fresh hydrogen) Consumption (HUC), and should be optimized simultaneously.
    keywords: hydrogen; pffr; u u
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        item: #3524 of 7527
          id: cet-187
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-187
        date: 2017-10-04
       words: 2950
      flesch: 50
     summary: In light of the above complementary natures of RO and PRO processes, a new integration opportunity arises for reducing the net specific energy consumption (NSEC) of RO desalination (Senthil and Senthilmurugan 2016). Another mixer node (MX2,RO) receives high pressure stream like RO reject streams, which is a feed stream to the pressure exchanger (PE) unit.
    keywords: desalination; energy; hybrid; pressure; pro; process; system
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        item: #3525 of 7527
          id: cet-188
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-188
        date: 2017-10-04
       words: 2472
      flesch: 43
     summary: In this paper, the feasibility of applying exergy recuperative pressure and heat circulation modules to the methanol synthesis process was investigated and an innovative process for methanol synthesis process was developed from the energy saving point of view. Methanol synthesis process is composed by two main sections, reaction section and distillation section.
    keywords: energy; heat; methanol; process; reaction; section; stream; synthesis
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        item: #3526 of 7527
          id: cet-189
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-189
        date: 2017-10-04
       words: 3602
      flesch: 50
     summary: However, the complexity of biomass pyrolysis product has great interference on the quantitative analysis. In view of the above shortcomings, this paper proposed to make biomass pyrolysis gasification in the flue gas atmosphere (composed of N2, CO2, O2 and other mixed gas).
    keywords: analysis; biomass; energy; gasification; heating; method; pyrolysis; rate; temperature
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        item: #3527 of 7527
          id: cet-190
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-190
        date: 2017-10-04
       words: 3633
      flesch: 57
     summary: By changing the rotor speed to explore the performance of RPE, the main parameters include the maximum flow length, volume mixing rate and volumetric efficiency, as presented in Table 1. 3.4 Effect of the extended angle on volume mixing rate Figure 8 shows the relationship of volume mixing rate and the extended angle.
    keywords: efficiency; flow; mixing; position; pressure; rate; rotor; volume
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        item: #3528 of 7527
          id: cet-191
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-191
        date: 2017-10-04
       words: 3474
      flesch: 59
     summary: In recent years, a novel energy recovery device, termed ‘sliding vane pressure exchanger (SVPE)’, has been proposed (Al-Hawaj, 2011). 61, 2017 A publication of The Italian Association of Chemical Engineering Online at www.aidic.it/cet Guest Editors: Petar S Varbanov, Rongxin Su, Hon Loong Lam, Xia Liu, Jiří J Klemeš Copyright © 2017, AIDIC Servizi S.r.l. ISBN 978-88-95608-51-8; ISSN 2283-9216 Study of Efficiency in a Sliding Vane Pressure Exchanger Fanghua Ye, Jianqiang Deng*, Zheng Cao, Bing Yang School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, 710049, China dengjq@mail.xjtu.edu.cn Sliding vane pressure exchanger (SVPE) is expected to be an efficient device which recovers pressure energy from liquid streams in seawater reverse osmosis (SWRO) system.
    keywords: contact; efficiency; energy; figure; pressure; section; transfer; vane; work
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        item: #3529 of 7527
          id: cet-192
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-192
        date: 2017-10-04
       words: 3489
      flesch: 60
     summary: Besides the consumption of heating steam in the coal-to-SNG process, there still needs to consume amounts of process steam, shaft work and electricity. The consumption of heating steam is calculated from total site profiles, while that of process steam, shaft work, and electricity are calculated through simulation.
    keywords: coal; gas; heat; process; site; sng; steam; system; unit
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        item: #3530 of 7527
          id: cet-193
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-193
        date: 2017-10-04
       words: 3290
      flesch: 54
     summary: Therefore, an experimental plan was established, which allows the comparison of the pretreatment performance of an EOS batch extraction of wheat straw, extruded under different conditions, with an EOS DOI: 10.3303/CET1761140 Please cite this article as: Beisl S., Biermair F., Friedl A., Mundigler N., Miltner A., 2017, Sequential extrusion and organosolv pretreatment for wheat straw valorization, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 61, 853-858 DOI:10.3303/CET1761140 853 batch extraction of unextruded wheat straw regarding Lignin and Carbohydrate yield as well as the formation of degradation products including Acetic Acid, Hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) and Furfural. 61, 2017 A publication of The Italian Association of Chemical Engineering Online at www.aidic.it/cet Guest Editors: Petar S Varbanov, Rongxin Su, Hon Loong Lam, Xia Liu, Jiří J Klemeš Copyright © 2017, AIDIC Servizi S.r.l. ISBN 978-88-95608-51-8; ISSN 2283-9216 Sequential Extrusion and Organosolv Pretreatment for Wheat Straw Valorization Stefan Beisla*,Florian Biermaira, Anton Friedla, Norbert Mundiglerb, Angela Miltnera a Institute of Chemical Engineering, TU Wien, Getreidemarkt 9/166-2, 1060 Vienna, Austria b Department of Agrobiotechnology, Institute of Natural Materials Technology, IFA-Tulln, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria stefan.beisl@tuwien.ac.at Lignocellulosic agricultural side products like wheat straw are widely seen as an important contribution to a sustainable future economy.
    keywords: eos; extrusion; lignin; setting; straw; treatment; wheat
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        item: #3531 of 7527
          id: cet-194
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-194
        date: 2017-10-04
       words: 2635
      flesch: 55
     summary: It suggests that, due to the destruction of structure of the interface, the thermal conductivity has been affected and a large quantity of friction heat accumulated near the interface. Combining with the results of changes of grain size mentioned above, it can be found that the fragmentation of the grain in the interface has a strong relationship with the friction heat accumulation.
    keywords: friction; grains; heat; interface; size; sliding
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        item: #3532 of 7527
          id: cet-195
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-195
        date: 2017-10-04
       words: 3479
      flesch: 59
     summary: DOI: 10.3303/CET1761142 Please cite this article as: Bie H., Li C., An W., Jia Y., Zhu J., 2017, Cfd simulation of the effect of pulsed jet on the performance of liquid- liquid ejector, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 61, 865-870 DOI:10.3303/CET1761142 865 In this paper, the flow characteristics of pulsed ejector and steady ejector were analyzed by the numerical simulation. Especially at t = 0.4 s, 0.8 s, 1.2 s, 1.6 s (while the inlet pressure of the motive fluid was the same as that of the pulsed ejector and steady ejector), the mass fractions of pulsed ejectors were still higher than that of steady ejector.
    keywords: ejector; fluid; frequency; jet; mass; mixing; pressure; suction; ∂ ∂
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        item: #3533 of 7527
          id: cet-196
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-196
        date: 2017-10-04
       words: 3882
      flesch: 66
     summary: Streams are classified as pressure change streams (PC) and no-pressure change streams (NPC) PC = {Pressure-Change streams} = {s | PIN s ≠ POUTs} (1a) NPC = {No-Pressure-Change streams} = {s | PIN s = POUTs} (1b) PC streams are further classified as pressure-change liquid (PCL) and pressure-change gases (PCG). Later, Huang and Karimi (2016) presented a more efficient model for WHENS that considers constant pressure streams and allows optimized selection of end- heaters and coolers.
    keywords: heat; pcg; pressure; sk sk; stage; stream; temperature
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        item: #3534 of 7527
          id: cet-197
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-197
        date: 2017-10-04
       words: 3786
      flesch: 54
     summary: i for internal consumption, import and export zk – environmental footprint k of EIP Profitj- profit of plant j y a,i ,y b,i , y c,i , y d,i – fuzzy limits of stream i bi – binary variable for stream i  1 i –degree of satisfaction for demand of stream i y i L, y i U – lower and upper limit for the import/export of stream i dij – binary variable for stream i in plant j 2j –degree of profit satisfaction of plant j APj L,APj U –fuzzy limits for profit of plant j xj – operating level of plant j Leader’s objective: max *+ 1 D λk 3 K k=1 (1) zk= qkjxj N j=1 ∀ k ∈ K, ∀j ∈ P (2) A growing field of interest in industrial symbiosis is eco-industrial parks (EIP).
    keywords: decision; eip; industrial; level; model; objective; park; plant
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        item: #3535 of 7527
          id: cet-198
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-198
        date: 2017-10-04
       words: 3441
      flesch: 48
     summary: 2.3 Catalyst synthesis PA-based catalysts were synthesized via conventional wet-impregnation method at variation of PA type and Pd precursor (PdCl2, PdCl2(CH3CN)2 or Pd(CH3COO)2). It was found that the nature of Pd precursor noticeably influences the catalyst behaviour.
    keywords: catalysts; dmec; figure; hydrogenation; m33c; precursor; reaction; type
       cache: cet-198.pdf
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        item: #3536 of 7527
          id: cet-199
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-199
        date: 2017-10-04
       words: 3347
      flesch: 51
     summary: Al in spent hydroprocessing catalyst is usually recovered as low value products because it is cheap. The purified leaching solution of spent hydroprocessing catalyst was aluminium nitrate solution (Al(NO3)3) with impurity concentration less than 0.1 %.
    keywords: alooh; catalyst; figure; nh3·h2o; nh4)2co3; pore; procedure; solution; surface
       cache: cet-199.pdf
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        item: #3537 of 7527
          id: cet-200
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-200
        date: 2017-10-04
       words: 3619
      flesch: 44
     summary: Piskun A., de Haan J., Wilbers E., van de Bovenkamp H., Tang Z., Heeres H.J., 2016, Hydrogenation of Levulinic acid to γ-valerolactone in water using mm sized supported Ru catalysts in a packed bed reactor, ACS Investigations are mainly focused on hydrogenation of LA (Al-Shaal et al., 2016) and its esters (Cai et al., 2016) by molecular hydrogen in the presence of metal catalysts.
    keywords: acid; catalysts; gvl; hydrogenation; levulinic; mn100; valerolactone
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        item: #3538 of 7527
          id: cet-201
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-201
        date: 2017-10-04
       words: 3349
      flesch: 63
     summary: This paper discusses two methods for reflux flow switch time. The distillation start-up steps were divided into the following four parts for investigation: feed control, bottom product discharge time, total reflux switch time, and medium temperature heating operation method of the reboiler duty.
    keywords: case; flow; reflux; start; time
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        item: #3539 of 7527
          id: cet-202
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-202
        date: 2017-10-04
       words: 3171
      flesch: 54
     summary: The ETD assisted to identify heat transfer bridges within an existing HEN and for explaining how energy is transferred through a network from hot utility to cold utility and ultimately the environment (Bonhivers et al., 2014b). Kamel D.A., Gadalla M.A., Abdelaziz O.Y., Labib M.A., Ashour F.H., 2017, Temperature driving force (TDF) curves for heat exchanger network retrofit – A case study and implications, Energy, 123, 283–295.
    keywords: deficit; etd; exchanger; heat; transfer
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        item: #3540 of 7527
          id: cet-203
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-203
        date: 2017-10-04
       words: 3724
      flesch: 47
     summary: • The previously generated source composite curve can then be compared with an exogenously determined reference sink composite curve; for example, the latter can be deduced from nationally determined commitments to reduce CO2 emissions intensity as part of an international agreement. Combining Eq(3) and Eq(4) then gives: bT(I – A)–1y = z (5) Eq(5) provides no further information on the contributors to total CO2 emissions.
    keywords: analysis; carbon; co2; emissions; energy; footprint; methodology
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        item: #3541 of 7527
          id: cet-204
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-204
        date: 2017-10-04
       words: 3201
      flesch: 47
     summary: For comparison, a coupling system without energy recovery process is also modeled in the steady-state condition. It is mentioned that Eq (5) is valid in the most common operating ranges in TVC desalination systems.
    keywords: desalination; energy; performance; pressure; process; recovery; steam; system; temperature; water
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        item: #3542 of 7527
          id: cet-205
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-205
        date: 2017-10-04
       words: 2958
      flesch: 47
     summary: It is based on fruit fly optimization algorithm (FOA) by introducing multi-strategies modified searching weights and linear modified optimal fruit fly weight, and then combining it with support vector regression (SVR). The modifying weights with multi-strategies fruit fly optimization algorithm support vector regression model (MWMSFOA-SVR) is constructed, in which multi-strategies modified searching weights and linear modified optimal fruit fly weight are introduced.
    keywords: algorithm; fly; foa; fruit; model; optimization; svr
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        item: #3543 of 7527
          id: cet-206
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-206
        date: 2017-10-04
       words: 3611
      flesch: 48
     summary: This work aims to present dynamic models for simulation of biogas plants in order to investigate the effects on the needed storage capacities when providing control reserves with a biomethane producing biogas plant. Plants that operate on biomass-based technologies, like biogas plants, have a high potential for producing energy on demand due to the almost infinite storability of the energy carrier.
    keywords: biogas; control; heat; plant; power; reserves; simulation; storage
       cache: cet-206.pdf
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        item: #3544 of 7527
          id: cet-2064
      author: None
       title: cet-2064
        date: 2017-05-08
       words: 3699
      flesch: 47
     summary: However, after energy integration, process alternative A2 presented the lowest value for the variable costs, at approximately 98.2 million dollars per year. Furthermore, in a lignocellulosic bioethanol site it DOI: 10.3303/CET1757001 Please cite this article as: Rodrigues Gurgel Da Silva A., Errico M., Rong B.G., 2017, Process alternatives for bioethanol production from organosolv pretreatment using lignocellulosic biomass, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 57, 1-6 DOI: 10.3303/CET1757001 1 can be easily integrated for a makeup stream in the process.
    keywords: biomass; case; consumption; energy; ethanol; pretreatment; process; solvent; water
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        item: #3545 of 7527
          id: cet-2065
      author: None
       title: cet-2065
        date: 2017-05-08
       words: 3770
      flesch: 45
     summary: Figure 1: Top 10 countries and their reported number of AD studies (2016-2017). The article papers comprised of experimental (74.7 %), case study (13.3 %) and mixed mode (7.3 %) as shown in Figure 2. Figure 2: Type of selected article papers on AD studies
    keywords: anaerobic; biogas; digestion; energy; et al; production; research; review; studies; study
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        item: #3546 of 7527
          id: cet-2066
      author: None
       title: cet-2066
        date: 2017-05-08
       words: 2920
      flesch: 46
     summary: Colombia is the fourth global producer of palm oil and, according to the national agenda of R+D, solving the needs of palm oil production chain is a high priority for Colombian government; for this reason, application of biorefinery concept can represent the solution. In addition, operating costs have a critical value in 146 and 170 US$/t of palm fruit for palm oil plant and biorefinery, after this cost a low increase of NVOC can increase PBP in decades.
    keywords: biorefinery; case; costs; oil; palm; plant; production
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        item: #3547 of 7527
          id: cet-2067
      author: None
       title: cet-2067
        date: 2017-05-08
       words: 3333
      flesch: 53
     summary: Figure 4: Aloe Vera wastes material raw. Figure 5: Biochar product of Aloe Vera leaf pyrolysis. Figure 2A shows that this adsorptive property was higher in pyrolysis treatments and HTC in basic medium, which coincide with treatments that generate highest yield.
    keywords: biochar; biomass; htc; htl; hydrothermal; medium; pyrolysis
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        item: #3548 of 7527
          id: cet-2068
      author: None
       title: cet-2068
        date: 2017-05-08
       words: 3393
      flesch: 44
     summary: Fermentable sugar hydrolysates were prepared with simple mechanical pre-treatment and enzymatic hydrolysis. The results showed that nutrient media or biomass hydrolysate gave similar Saccharomyces cerevisiae biomass increase, 2.7 and 2.34 log increase after 48 hours respectively.
    keywords: biomass; cell; consumption; dextrose; hydrolysate; peptone; sugar; yeast
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        item: #3549 of 7527
          id: cet-2069
      author: None
       title: cet-2069
        date: 2017-05-08
       words: 3356
      flesch: 59
     summary: The conversion and selectivity to linear alcohols in the presence of Cu catalyst does not exceed 11.5 and 0.2%, respectively. Recently was found that Au-Ni/Al2O3 catalysts are prospective for heterogeneously catalyses isopropanol alkylation with ethanol (Zharova et al.,2016).
    keywords: al2o3; alkylation; catalyst; conversion; ethanol; gold; isopropanol; products; selectivity
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        item: #3550 of 7527
          id: cet-207
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-207
        date: 2017-10-04
       words: 2587
      flesch: 47
     summary: (iii) For heat integrated distillation columns, the rectifying and stripping sections are internally coupled through heat exchangers. Three main heat integration arrangements for a CDiC are proposed below to facilitate energy-saving purpose for methanol distillation scheme: (i) For HPAD columns, the overhead vapor is compressed and used to drive the bottom reboiler.
    keywords: column; distillation; energy; heat; methanol; scheme
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        item: #3551 of 7527
          id: cet-2070
      author: None
       title: cet-2070
        date: 2017-05-08
       words: 3318
      flesch: 53
     summary: Lactic acid concentration model is represented by Eq. 3, in which LAR corresponds to lactic acid concentration at residue stream, and the variables X1 and X2 represent coded values of evaporator temperature and internal condenser temperature, respectively. Through 22 factorial experimental design, the influence of evaporator temperature (from 115 to 135 °C) and internal condenser temperature (from 13 to 22 °C) on lactic acid concentration and mass percentage of residue and distillate stream were studied.
    keywords: acid; concentration; mass; process; residue; stream; temperature; trs
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        item: #3552 of 7527
          id: cet-2071
      author: None
       title: cet-2071
        date: 2017-05-08
       words: 3793
      flesch: 56
     summary: In this study, activated carbon has been prepared from lignocellulosic waste materials (e.g. saw dust, lignin residue) and characterized by a number of methods. For preparation of activated carbon, thermal procedures carbonization and activation are used.
    keywords: activation; adsorption; carbon; content; lignin; materials; pore; prepared; samples; surface
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        item: #3553 of 7527
          id: cet-2072
      author: None
       title: cet-2072
        date: 2017-05-08
       words: 3269
      flesch: 28
     summary: 2.2 Cultivation and concentration of C. vulgaris biomass To assess the effectiveness of wastewater treatment (sample No.1, sample No.2, sample No.3) microalgae strains C. vulgaris IFR C-111 and C. vulgaris Beijer IPPAS C-2 were used. Reference Baglieri A, Sidella S, Barone V, Fragalà F, Silkina A, Nègre M, Gennari M., 2016, Cultivating C. vulgaris and Scenedesmus quadricauda microalgae to degrade inorganic compounds and pesticides in water, Environ Sci Pollut Res Int., 23 (18), DOI: 10.1007/s11356-016-6996-3 Casazza A. A., Ferrari P. F., Aliakbarian B., Comotto M., Perego P., 2016, Microalgae Growth using Winery Wastewater for Energetic and Environmental Purposes, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 49, 565-570, DOI: 10.3303/CET1649095 Dvoretsky D.S., Dvoretsky S.I., Peshkova E.V., Temnov M.S., 2015, Optimization of the process of cultivation of microalgae C. vulgaris biomass with high lipid content for biofuel production, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 43, 361-366, DOI: 10.3303/CET1543061 Dvoretsky D.S., Dvoretsky S.I., Temnov M.S., Akulinin E.I., Peshkova E.V., 2016, Enhanced Lipid Extraction from Microalgae C. vulgaris Biomass: Experiments, Modelling, Optimization, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 49, 175-180, DOI: 10.3303/CET1649030 Federal Environmental Regulations 14.1;4.248-07 Quantitative chemical analysis of waters.
    keywords: biomass; cultivation; microalgae; o n; sample; treatment; vulgaris; wastewater
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        item: #3554 of 7527
          id: cet-2073
      author: None
       title: cet-2073
        date: 2017-05-08
       words: 4053
      flesch: 39
     summary: Reference Angelidaki I., Alves D., Bolonzella L., Borzacconi J., Campos A., Guwy S., Van Lier J., 2009, Defining the biochemical methane potential (BMP) of solid organic wastes and energy crops: a proposed protocol for batch assays, Water Science Technology, 59, 927-934. Nielfa, A., Cano, R., FDS-Polanco, M., 2015, Theoretical methane production generated by the co-digestion of organic fraction municipal solid waste and biological sludge.
    keywords: anaerobic; digestion; gvs; manure; methane; production; residues; substrates; waste
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        item: #3555 of 7527
          id: cet-2074
      author: None
       title: cet-2074
        date: 2017-05-08
       words: 3080
      flesch: 50
     summary: Here, the PCH NaDES properties and solubility toward microalgal biomass was investigated. Thanks to these features, natural eutectic solvents are suitable to solubilize a wide selection of molecules, which are scarcely soluble, or completely insoluble, in water, such as DNA, pigments, proteins and polysaccharides, as it was shown here with microalgal biomass.
    keywords: biomass; chemical; extraction; mmol; nades; pch; solvents; water
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        item: #3556 of 7527
          id: cet-2075
      author: None
       title: cet-2075
        date: 2017-05-08
       words: 3994
      flesch: 44
     summary: Moreover, most data have been obtained applying PEF treatment in batch chambers of small capacity, and only few papers deal with the processing of microalgal biomass in a continuous flow unit. During PEF treatment, the algae suspension, placed in a feed vessel and kept under stirring at ambient temperature, was pumped through the chamber with a peristaltic pump (ISMATEC ISM 834C, Switzerland) at a constant flow-rate of 24 mL/min.
    keywords: algae; energy; et al; extraction; field; pef; treatment
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        item: #3557 of 7527
          id: cet-2076
      author: None
       title: cet-2076
        date: 2017-05-08
       words: 3514
      flesch: 40
     summary: The growth of microalgae as a biofilm reduces the costs of harvesting and also the water demand, allowing at the same time high biomass productivity (Liu et al., 2013). The digital images recorded at different times were analyzed with the software Fiji (Schindelin et al., 2012; and also http://www.fiji.sc), an open source image processing package based on ImageJ™ and the geometry and radiometry of the images were rectified to allow comparisons.
    keywords: algal; biofilm; carriers; cotton; growth; image; light; microalgae; surface; vacuolatus
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        item: #3558 of 7527
          id: cet-2077
      author: None
       title: cet-2077
        date: 2017-05-08
       words: 3400
      flesch: 51
     summary: Figure 1: Yields of the different products obtained after lignin and black liquor depolymerization treatments. These yields were calculated using the organic matter contained in black liquor as basis in case of soda black liquor treatment, and the loaded lignin content in the case of solid lignin treatment.
    keywords: depolymerization; lignin; liquor; oil; process; soda; treatment
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        item: #3559 of 7527
          id: cet-2078
      author: None
       title: cet-2078
        date: 2017-05-08
       words: 3707
      flesch: 45
     summary: Jiménez et al. (2006) tried different delignification treatments on the vine shoots in order to employ the obtained cellulose DOI: 10.3303/CET1757015 Please cite this article as: Davila I., Robles E., Andres M.A., Gullon P., 2017, Delignification alternatives of spent solid from autohydrolysis of vine shoots, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 57, 85-90 DOI: 10.3303/CET1757015 85 pulp. Although the higher saccharide content in the alkali lignin, it contained higher Klason lignin than what it has been reported before.
    keywords: delignification; et al; lignin; shoots; solid; vine
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        item: #3560 of 7527
          id: cet-2079
      author: None
       title: cet-2079
        date: 2017-05-08
       words: 3516
      flesch: 51
     summary: Mayenite presents the higher performances in tar removal capacity as a function of time 93 studied in the tests. Considerable efforts have been directed on tar removal from fuel gas, with tar reduction strategies consisting of primary measures, which reduce tar within the gasifier itself through optimization of design/operating conditions, and secondary measures, which remove the tar contained in the syngas by filtration, thermal cracking or catalytic reforming.
    keywords: bed; biomass; capacity; char; materials; mayenite; olivine; removal; tar
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        item: #3561 of 7527
          id: cet-208
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-208
        date: 2017-10-04
       words: 2443
      flesch: 48
     summary: Theodosiou G., Stylos N., Koroneos, C., 2015, Integration of the environmental management aspect in the optimization of the design and planning of energy systems, Journal of Cleaner Production 106, 576-593. This integration system or also known as distributed energy system (DES) offer a quick fix and more environmental friendly options in power supply system (Belderbos et al., 2017).
    keywords: analysis; configuration; energy; system
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        item: #3562 of 7527
          id: cet-2080
      author: None
       title: cet-2080
        date: 2017-05-08
       words: 3473
      flesch: 48
     summary: When regard the effect of a variation of anode recirculation ratio on heat-to-power ratio (Figure 4), the simulation results show that the ratio of heat-to-power steady increases from 0.31 to 0.43 with anode exhaust gas recirculation ratio at fuel utilization of 0.85 because increasing of anode exhaust gas recirculation more beneficially affect heat generation than the electrical production. This is because the higher amount of heat and steam is recirculated into fuel processor, so the energy consumption for feed steam preheating dramatically decrease at higher anode recirculation ratio.
    keywords: anode; fuel; heat; power; ratio; recirculation; sofc; steam; system
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        item: #3563 of 7527
          id: cet-2081
      author: None
       title: cet-2081
        date: 2017-05-08
       words: 3414
      flesch: 44
     summary: Sorption enhanced chemical looping biomass gasification 2.1 Model description In this study, wood residue is selected as the feedstock for biomass gasification process (Fremaux et al., 2015). Calcium oxide (CaO) DOI: 10.3303/CET1757018 Please cite this article as: Detchusananard T., Ponpesh P., Saebea D., Authayanun S., Arpornwichanop A., 2017, Modeling and analysis of sorption enhanced chemical looping biomass gasification, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 57, 103-108 DOI: 10.3303/CET1757018 103 when added to the gasification, could play the dual role of tar cracking catalyst and CO2 sorbent, and thereby produce more hydrogen (Florin and Harris, 2008; Vivanpatarakij et al., 2014).
    keywords: biomass; chemical; efficiency; energy; gasification; hydrogen; process
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        item: #3564 of 7527
          id: cet-2082
      author: None
       title: cet-2082
        date: 2017-05-08
       words: 3034
      flesch: 43
     summary: At low level of biomass loading, the sugar yield slightly increased with the acid concentration: pretreatment occurring at low biomass loading allows much effective dispersion of the chemical species in the solution so that their interaction with the lignocelluloses provides much effective biomass modification. Current research is focused on the selection of novel processes for biomass pretreatments able to provide effective lignin removal, to minimize the production of by-products that may inhibit the fermentation of the produced sugars, and to be cost saving with respect to conventional pretreatments.
    keywords: acid; biomass; concentration; css; lignin; loading; pretreatment; production
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        item: #3565 of 7527
          id: cet-2083
      author: None
       title: cet-2083
        date: 2017-05-08
       words: 4044
      flesch: 51
     summary: Exposure of seeds to different intensities of magnetic fields (intensity of 14 µT and 422 µt) was: 1, 3 and 5 hours a day for 15 days, permanent exposure for 15 days, using as a witness seeds without exposing. (Suarez et al., 2016 and Ortiz et al., 2015) propose one treatment with magnetic field as technological alternative for stimulating the post-germination of seeds.
    keywords: chlorophyll; control; exposure; fields; germination; helianthus; plants; seeds; treatment
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        item: #3566 of 7527
          id: cet-2084
      author: None
       title: cet-2084
        date: 2017-05-08
       words: 4468
      flesch: 44
     summary: Since the increase of lipid productivity is the target of the nitrogen starvation strategy, it is apparent that the identification of the trade-off value of nitrogen concentration is a key issue in view of the implementation of this technique at the industrial scale. In these experiments, particular attention has been devoted to the assessment of the effect of nitrogen concentrations on the final quality of FAMEs (Fatty Acid Methyl Esters) obtained by transesterification of lipids.
    keywords: batch; bbm; biocoil; biomass; concentration; experiments; growth; lipid; model; nitrogen
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        item: #3567 of 7527
          id: cet-2085
      author: None
       title: cet-2085
        date: 2017-05-08
       words: 3554
      flesch: 52
     summary: Combined action of freeze drying and solvent extraction seems to boost significantly the process for Scenedesmus sp. biomass, reaching a maximum in carbohydrate purity of 58.7 % in the freeze drying pre- treatment and chloroform/methanol solution. It is worth to observe how the chloroform/methanol solution gives higher efficiency on extracted lipids, compared to hexane/2-propanol, especially on dried biomass.
    keywords: biomass; carbohydrate; chlorella; extraction; lipids; microalgae; protein; scenedesmus
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        item: #3568 of 7527
          id: cet-2086
      author: None
       title: cet-2086
        date: 2017-05-08
       words: 4269
      flesch: 50
     summary: This involves that without the action of a capping agent, Kraft lignin is difficult to be cleaved into its most elemental structures. Da Silva, E.B., Zabkova, M., Araújo, J.D., Cateto, C.A., Barreiro, M.F., Belgacem, M.N., Rodrigues, A.E., 2009, An integrated process to produce vanillin and lignin-based polyurethanes from Kraft lignin, Chem.
    keywords: compounds; depolymerization; kraft; lignin; liquor; oil; phenolic; products; reaction; yield
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        item: #3569 of 7527
          id: cet-2087
      author: None
       title: cet-2087
        date: 2017-05-08
       words: 3216
      flesch: 51
     summary: It is also observed that the pyrolysis temperatures of 500 and 700 °C produce materials with higher surface areas. 141 Table 1: Physical and chemical properties of the activated carbons under different pyrolysis temperatures (400, 500, 700 and 800 ºC). Figure 2: N2 adsorption isotherm (77 K) for the AC under different pyrolysis temperatures (P = Measured pressure; P0 = Initial pressure).
    keywords: activation; bagasse; bio; carbon; oil; pyrolysis; temperature
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        item: #3570 of 7527
          id: cet-2088
      author: None
       title: cet-2088
        date: 2017-05-08
       words: 3472
      flesch: 52
     summary: Fang Q. and Hanna M. A., 2002, Experimental studies for levulinic acid production from whole kernel grain sorghum, Bioresource Technology, 81, 187-192. Zheng X., Zhi Z., Gu X., Li X., Zhang R., Lu X., 2017, Kinetic study of levulinic acid production from corn stalk at mild temperature using FeCl3 as catalyst, Fuel, 187, 261-267.
    keywords: acid; bagasse; levulinic; production; yield
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        item: #3571 of 7527
          id: cet-2089
      author: None
       title: cet-2089
        date: 2017-05-08
       words: 3649
      flesch: 45
     summary: Conclusions The experimental data obtained in this work and their evaluation reach the conclusion that maximum sugars liberation occurs with 24 h of enzymatic hydrolysis pretreatment. 0 12 24 36 48 60 72 (B) 0 12 24 36 48 60 72 (C) 0 12 24 36 48 60 72 (E) 0 12 24 36 48 60 72 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 (D) T R S - G LC ( g/ L) 0 12 24 36 48 60 72 (F) 0 12 24 36 48 60 72 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 T R S - G LC ( g/ L) tEH (h) (G) 0 12 24 36 48 60 72 tEH (h) (H) 0 12 24 36 48 60 72 tEH (h) (I) 0 12 24 36 48 60 72 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 (A) T R S - G LC ( g/ L) Figure 2: Values of total reducing sugars (TRS (g/L) – open symbols) and glucose concentration (GLC (g/L) – closed symbols) as a function of enzymatic hydrolysis time (tEH).
    keywords: ethanol; fermentation; hydrolysis; min; process; values
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        item: #3572 of 7527
          id: cet-209
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-209
        date: 2017-10-04
       words: 4046
      flesch: 65
     summary: Step 1: Removal of B in the form of E-lean phase. The excess of E-lean phase is withdrawn as distillate, while that of the E-rich phase is refluxed to the column, either entirely (Strategy A) or partially (Strategy B).
    keywords: batch; kmol; liquid; mode; phase
       cache: cet-209.pdf
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        item: #3573 of 7527
          id: cet-2090
      author: None
       title: cet-2090
        date: 2017-05-08
       words: 2657
      flesch: 45
     summary: The biomass was weighed and the pellets were made with macrophyte residues and 0.0, 2.0, 4.0, 6.0 and 8.0 % wt gypsum plaster residues. In a reactional medium containing gypsum ore (CaSO4.2H2O) or hydrated gypsum residue, which has the same molecular constitution, when temperatures reach 60 to 160 °C, around the atmospheric pressure, a thermal dehydration reaction begins (Paulik et al., 1992).
    keywords: biomass; content; crassipes; eichhornia; fouling; gypsum; macrophytes; residues
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        item: #3574 of 7527
          id: cet-2091
      author: None
       title: cet-2091
        date: 2017-05-08
       words: 4115
      flesch: 45
     summary: [𝑅 − (𝑅 + 1)𝑋 + (1 − 𝑘1 ′ 𝑘1 ) 𝑋2] (5) 166 Where X is reaction conversion, k1 and k’1 are rate constants (L.mol -1.min-1). White, K., Lorenz, N., Potts, T., Penney, W. R., Babcock, R., Hardison, A., Canuel, E. A., Hestekin, J. A., 2011, Production of biodiesel fuel from tall oil fatty acids via high temperature methanol reaction, Fuel, 90, 3193–3199.
    keywords: acid; conversion; esterification; esters; ethanol; fatty; molar; ratio; reaction; sodd
       cache: cet-2091.pdf
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        item: #3575 of 7527
          id: cet-2092
      author: None
       title: cet-2092
        date: 2017-05-08
       words: 2879
      flesch: 44
     summary: HTC treatment produces a carbonaceous solid, named hydrochar, with attractive characteristics that can be used in a variety of applications, such as activated carbon or soil amendment. In this study, activated carbons were prepared by KOH chemical activation of hydrochars obtained from hydrothermal carbonization of green waste and municipal solid waste.
    keywords: blue; carbon; char; hydrochar; koh; methylene; msw; ratio
       cache: cet-2092.pdf
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        item: #3576 of 7527
          id: cet-2093
      author: None
       title: cet-2093
        date: 2017-05-08
       words: 3205
      flesch: 43
     summary: In this work, the effect of inoculum to substrate ratio (ISR) (0.01, 0.07 and 0.14, dry weight basis) on mesophilic DF of OFMSW for BioH2 production was evaluated. Our results show the possibility of using OFMSW as substrate in mesophilic DF process for BioH2 production.
    keywords: biogas; bioh2; fermentation; ofmsw; production; waste
       cache: cet-2093.pdf
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        item: #3577 of 7527
          id: cet-2094
      author: None
       title: cet-2094
        date: 2017-05-08
       words: 3468
      flesch: 44
     summary: The differences between the lignin values reported in each study may be associated with the phenological maturity of the plant, since at higher maturity higher lignin content. Before being packaged, are eliminated the traces of plant material, soil and insect’s dead found superficially.
    keywords: biomass; content; drying; material; musa; production; pseudostem; spp
       cache: cet-2094.pdf
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        item: #3578 of 7527
          id: cet-2095
      author: None
       title: cet-2095
        date: 2017-05-08
       words: 2459
      flesch: 48
     summary: The application of CFD to biomass bed boilers requires appropriate description of the relevant homogeneous and heterogeneous reactions, the turbulent flow, the mass and heat transfer processes (including radiation) and their interactions. Yin C., Rosendahl L.A., Kær S.K., Clausen S., Hvid S.L, Hille T., 2008, Mathematical modelling and experimental study of biomass combustion in a thermal 108 MW grate-fired boiler, Energy Fuels 22, 1380- 1390.
    keywords: air; bed; biomass; cfd; figure; flow; model; temperature
       cache: cet-2095.pdf
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        item: #3579 of 7527
          id: cet-2096
      author: None
       title: cet-2096
        date: 2017-05-08
       words: 3602
      flesch: 38
     summary: Figure 1: Topology of palm fruit-based biorefinery 2.1.1 Section of crude palm oil extraction process Environmental assessment was performed using software WARGUI, which use Waste Reduction Algorithm, in order to quantify the total generated and output environmental impacts for the biorefinery for 4 different case studies taking into account energy source and products under 8 categories.
    keywords: ot al; p e; palm; pei; t ot
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        item: #3580 of 7527
          id: cet-2097
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 206zanella.docx
        date: 2017-05-10
       words: 2848
      flesch: 54
     summary: Concentino et al. (2016) produced charcoal briquettes applying 3 minutes of compression during the briquetting step and, verified the same influence as saw in this work on the proportions of binder in the final product. As there was a significant increase in the value of the compressive strength (26.21%) when the cornstarch was used as binder and the second way of mixing was applied, again, this binder would be the suitable one for the production of charcoal briquettes.
    keywords: binder; briquettes; charcoal; cornstarch; friability; mixture; results
       cache: cet-2097.pdf
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        item: #3581 of 7527
          id: cet-2098
      author: None
       title: cet-2098
        date: 2017-05-08
       words: 3692
      flesch: 49
     summary: The effect of thermal step temperature on the Ni/La2O3-Al2O3 catalyst behavior was studied by analyzing the evolution with time-on-stream of bio-oil conversion and product yields. The effect of thermal step temperature on the Ni-based catalyst behavior (located in the SR reactor) was also studied by analyzing the evolution with time-on-stream of bio-oil conversion and product yields, with the aim of establishing the conditions that lead to a better behavior (higher and more stable H2 yield).
    keywords: bio; oil; raw; step; stream; temperature; yield
       cache: cet-2098.pdf
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        item: #3582 of 7527
          id: cet-2099
      author: None
       title: cet-2099
        date: 2017-05-08
       words: 3330
      flesch: 48
     summary: 420.1 -100 245.6 3.3 Cost analysis of EPS recovery At time 24 h, the pH value is higher the greater is the quantity of added EPS in the cream.
    keywords: antioxidant; cream; culture; eps; ethanol; time
       cache: cet-2099.pdf
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        item: #3583 of 7527
          id: cet-210
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-210
        date: 2017-10-04
       words: 3158
      flesch: 56
     summary: In this paper district heating is considered, since significant fluctuations in heat demand may occur there. Heat demand was modelled using data from the previous section.
    keywords: demand; heat; model; plant; time; waste; wtep
       cache: cet-210.pdf
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        item: #3584 of 7527
          id: cet-2100
      author: None
       title: cet-2100
        date: 2017-05-08
       words: 3873
      flesch: 56
     summary: This fact suggests that there is no selective combustion of bio-oil oxygenates. Nevertheless, the strategy 1 promotes the partial combustion of bio-oil oxygenates, thus lowering reformable compounds entering the catalytic step, and consequently, a lower H2 yield (60 %) is achieved.
    keywords: bio; fed; oil; reforming; step; strategy
       cache: cet-2100.pdf
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        item: #3585 of 7527
          id: cet-2101
      author: None
       title: cet-2101
        date: 2017-05-08
       words: 3341
      flesch: 51
     summary: The modification of lignin by nickel particles is not lead to enhancement of absorption, but addition a small amount of iron equal 0.1 wt.% leads to a sharp increase in the absorption capacity of metal containing lignin, which expressed by the heating dynamics (Figure 2.) Introduction As a kind of nonedible biomass, lignin is becoming a significant feedstock for fuels and high-value chemicals.
    keywords: carbon; conversion; heating; hydrogen; lignin; microwave; mwi; nickel; reforming; wt.%; yield
       cache: cet-2101.pdf
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        item: #3586 of 7527
          id: cet-2102
      author: None
       title: cet-2102
        date: 2017-05-08
       words: 3180
      flesch: 58
     summary: Nowadays there is a large quantity of published large-scale data, that can be used to validate pool fire models, because they cover the majority of fuels, pool sizes and ambient conditions. In these cases the estimate of the impact areas of pool fires assumes a great importance, especially when there is the real possibility of generating serious consequences (domino effects).
    keywords: pool; radiation; velocity
       cache: cet-2102.pdf
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        item: #3587 of 7527
          id: cet-2103
      author: None
       title: cet-2103
        date: 2017-05-08
       words: 3995
      flesch: 50
     summary: Tropical regions receiving high solar radiation intensity are appropriate for the dehydration of crops in solar dryers. Solar dryers are broadly classified into direct, indirect and hybrid solar dryers, according to the working principle for collecting the solar energy and converting it to thermal energy.
    keywords: air; dryer; drying; mangoes; process; products; solar; temperature; tomatoes; water
       cache: cet-2103.pdf
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        item: #3588 of 7527
          id: cet-2104
      author: None
       title: cet-2104
        date: 2017-05-08
       words: 3468
      flesch: 49
     summary: Considering that a limited number of papers on LCA of aerogel production useful to put on the market novel DDs was published, the aim of this study is to evaluate the environmental impacts of starch aerogel production, considering different industrial scales. 0.16 0.22 0.28 Samples per batch 4 8 18 22 28 Table 3: Life cycle inventory of the main inputs and outputs for starch aerogel production.
    keywords: aerogel; cycle; marco; production; scale; starch
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        item: #3589 of 7527
          id: cet-2105
      author: None
       title: cet-2105
        date: 2017-05-08
       words: 3249
      flesch: 49
     summary: The percentage of metal ion removal (% removal) and amount of adsorbed ion at equilibrium (qe) were calculated by the following equation: (1) (2) where iC and fC are the initial and final concentrations(mg/L) of metal ions, W is the mass (g) of adsorbent, V is the volume of metal ion solution (L) and qe is amount metal ion adsorbed at equilibrium (mg/g). The use of activated carbon, (AC), has been proved to be one of the most convenient technique for metal ion removal.
    keywords: adsorption; metal; ni(ii; pb(ii; removal
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        item: #3590 of 7527
          id: cet-2106
      author: None
       title: cet-2106
        date: 2017-05-08
       words: 2938
      flesch: 47
     summary: Table 1: Summary of the results of filtration tests with rotating discs unit Test 1 2 3 Average TSS in mg/l 55 99 153 Average influent Qin m3/h 28.15 28.44 27.89 LTSS in kg/h 1.56 2.82 4.27 TSS out mg/l 3.01 3.50 3.23 Backwashing flow m3/h 1 1 1 Backwashing number n°/h 23 30 36 HIO% % 2.0 2.6 3.2 EE kWh/m3 0.039 0.051 0.062 255 Table 3: Summary of the results of filtration tests in downflow column for industrial and zootechnical wastes Test
    keywords: backwashing; distribution; effluent; filtration; influent; tss; wastewater
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        item: #3591 of 7527
          id: cet-2107
      author: None
       title: cet-2107
        date: 2017-05-08
       words: 3672
      flesch: 52
     summary: Calcium hydroxide catalyst showed a remarkable efficiency in catalytic pyrolysis process by reducing the temperature and reaction time, respectively, optimizing the entire process. 5. Conclusions Pyrolysis is a strong ally for revaluation of PET waste, adding value and inserting it again in the industrial production processes generating a new purpose for this type of waste.
    keywords: catalyst; fuel; pet; polymer; process; production; products; pyrolysis; sample; waste
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        item: #3592 of 7527
          id: cet-2108
      author: None
       title: cet-2108
        date: 2017-05-08
       words: 2727
      flesch: 48
     summary: In the present work, the experimental set up is described and some preliminary results obtained during commissioning tests are summarized. Commissioning Test Series An initial series of commissioning tests were performed in June 2016.
    keywords: fire; pressure; pressurization; tank; test; vessel; wall
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        item: #3593 of 7527
          id: cet-2109
      author: None
       title: cet-2109
        date: 2017-05-08
       words: 3749
      flesch: 40
     summary: Hashlamon et al. (2017) related the use of nanofiltration for diluted biodiesel wastewater treatment which was pretreated using a combination of powdered-activated carbon (PAC) adsorption and membranes CFS (PAC/CFS). (2014) studied various biodiesel wastewater treatment processes.
    keywords: biodiesel; coagulation; cod; membrane; pre; removal; treatment; wastewater
       cache: cet-2109.pdf
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        item: #3594 of 7527
          id: cet-211
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-211
        date: 2017-10-04
       words: 3733
      flesch: 70
     summary: When the relative position between the plants i and j meets one of the following four constraints, they do not overlap: 1 2j ix x≥ 1, , , 1, , ,i n j n∀ = ⋅ ⋅ ⋅ = ⋅ ⋅ ⋅ (3) 962 1 2i jx x≥ 1, , , 1, , ,i n j n∀ = ⋅ ⋅ ⋅ = ⋅ ⋅ ⋅ (4) 1 2i jy y≥ 1, , , 1, , ,i n j n∀ = ⋅ ⋅ ⋅ = ⋅ ⋅ ⋅ (5) 1 2j iy y≥ 1, , , 1, , .i n j n∀ = ⋅ ⋅ ⋅ = ⋅ ⋅ ⋅ (6) Where x1i and y1i are the lower left coordinates of plant i, x1j and y1j are the lower left coordinates of plant j, x2i and y2i are the upper right coordinates of plant i, x2j Caputo et al. (2015) used GA to optimize process plant layout considering land cost, piping cost, pumping cost and safety issue.
    keywords: = ⋅; area; cost; land; layout; piping; plants; ⋅ ⋅
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        item: #3595 of 7527
          id: cet-2110
      author: None
       title: cet-2110
        date: 2017-05-08
       words: 3458
      flesch: 58
     summary: The focus of the present work is therefore to utilize LD slag as an economical low cost adsorbent for phenol removal with detailed study on a) Box Behnken design for optimization of parameters involved in activation or modification technique of LD slag b) phenol adsorption equilibrium and kinetic characteristics on modified LD slag. Figure 4: Langmuir Isotherm of phenol adsorption on modified LD slag at 298 K Figure 5: Freundlich Isotherm of phenol adsorption on modified LD slag at 298 K Table 2: Various parameters of Langmuir and Freundlich adsorption isotherm models.
    keywords: adsorption; microwave; model; phenol; slag; surface; time; uptake
       cache: cet-2110.pdf
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        item: #3596 of 7527
          id: cet-2111
      author: None
       title: cet-2111
        date: 2017-05-08
       words: 3280
      flesch: 35
     summary: Therefore, the main benefits obtained by the implementation of an AIMS are to:  reduce the probability of catastrophic events;  limit the exposure to risk, in terms of health, safety, environment, reputation and business continuity;  help the Companies’ turnaround from “maintenance after fault”, reacting to events, to preventive and predictive maintenance schemes that proactively prevent faults; The challenge is to find a balance between the high operating performances required by assets, on one hand, and the costs of TIMS activities (short for Testing, Inspection, Maintenance and Substitution), on the other; the DOI: 10.3303/CET1757048 Please cite this article as: Milanese S., Salvador E., Decadri S., Ratti R., 2017, Asset integrity management system (aims) for the reduction of industrial risks, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 57, 283-288 DOI: 10.3303/CET1757048 283 system should be flexible enough to follow market evolution, while maintaining high safety and environmental standards. The definition of how the existing programmes face risks associated with assets’ malfunction or loss of integrity; the review should also describe whether and how these risks have been appraised to prioritize asset TIMS activities; 4.
    keywords: activities; aims; asset; company; integrity; management; safety; system; tims
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        item: #3597 of 7527
          id: cet-2112
      author: None
       title: cet-2112
        date: 2017-05-08
       words: 4011
      flesch: 38
     summary: The paper outlines a systemic approach to understanding and assessing safety capability in high-risk industries, like off-shore oil, gas industry, chemical operators. The “Fitness to Operate” framework (acronym: FTO) (Griffin et al., 2014) has been recently defined by three enabling capitals that create safety capability: organizational capital, social capital, and human capital.
    keywords: assessment; capability; framework; fto; griffin; items; safety; tool
       cache: cet-2112.pdf
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        item: #3598 of 7527
          id: cet-2113
      author: None
       title: cet-2113
        date: 2017-05-08
       words: 4081
      flesch: 31
     summary: The proposed methodology, even if expeditious and based on unavoidable simplification, demonstrated for the analysed case study of Mantua city to be able to identify the most problematic areas, and to highlight some unforeseen situations related to risk interactions; however, more case studies are advocated to test the methodology and we are currently working on this. PAI identify the zones potentially subjected to floods, together with the return times; 3) for seismic risk: since 2008, each new building or reconstruction should be made in compliance with the “Norme Tecniche per le Costruzioni” (Technical legislation for structures).
    keywords: areas; case; effects; events; hazard; interaction; macro; risk; seismic; table
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        item: #3599 of 7527
          id: cet-2114
      author: None
       title: cet-2114
        date: 2017-05-08
       words: 3598
      flesch: 46
     summary: Fire risk in historical buildings. Furthermore the diffusion of a number of advanced tools nowadays available on generic personal computers moved a lot of fire engineers in facing protection approaches just with simulation (even in cases where it can be an useless effort), not taking into consideration principles of fire dynamics and combustion and the elementary principles on fire risk assessment.
    keywords: assessment; compartments; fire; level; method; protection; risk; safety; system; time
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        item: #3600 of 7527
          id: cet-2115
      author: None
       title: cet-2115
        date: 2017-05-08
       words: 3932
      flesch: 63
     summary: Considering risk assessment at the early-stage of Heat Exchanger Network (HEN) synthesis can significantly contribute to obtaining inherently safer design. Introduction Public interest in risk assessment has been continuously increasing over the last three decades, resulting in a need for developing safer and more reliable processes (Marhavilas et al., 2011).
    keywords: cp hx; heat; hx hx; risk
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        item: #3601 of 7527
          id: cet-2116
      author: None
       title: cet-2116
        date: 2017-05-08
       words: 3391
      flesch: 37
     summary: The context and OS&H problems in highway maintenance yards The Italian Highway System covers more than 6000 km, with 1800 km of tunnels, bridges and viaducts. Siciliane 330.4 52 Tang.le Esterna di Milano 4.5 1.0 Total 16491.7 4169.2 DOI: 10.3303/CET1757053 Please cite this article as: Borchiellini R., Cirio C., De Cillis E., Fargione P., Maida L., Patrucco M., 2017, Occupational safety and health in highway maintenance yards: an approach suitable to face special criticalities, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 57, 313-318 DOI: 10.3303/CET1757053 313
    keywords: barrier; highway; italian; maintenance; management; risk; safety; traffic; vehicles; workers; yards
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        item: #3602 of 7527
          id: cet-2117
      author: None
       title: cet-2117
        date: 2017-05-08
       words: 3009
      flesch: 50
     summary: Such limits are hard to respect through the current technologies, and this possibly affects the health of ca. 25 million people in the US (Burow et al., 2010), making nitrates the most ubiquitous contaminant in drinking water sources (Nolan et al., 2010). This relevant topic has been recently reviewed concerning both the removal of inorganic N- containing pollutants (Compagnoni et al., 2017) and organic contaminants such as azo-dyes, drugs and pesticides (Freyria et al., 2017).
    keywords: ammonia; nitrate; photocatalytic; photoreduction; prepared; reactor; selectivity; tio2
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        item: #3603 of 7527
          id: cet-2118
      author: None
       title: cet-2118
        date: 2017-05-08
       words: 2495
      flesch: 46
     summary: The modified Stover- Kincannon was more suitable for the description of nitrogen removal in the reactor, with the regression coefficient of R2 =0.9739. Jetten, M., Schmid, M., van de Pas‐Schoonen, K., Sinninghe Damsté, J. & Strous, M. 2005, Anammox organisms: enrichment, cultivation, and environmental analysis, Methods in enzymology, 397, 34-57. Jin, R. & Zheng, P. 2009, Kinetics of nitrogen removal in high rate anammox upflow filter, Journal of hazardous materials, 170, 652-656.
    keywords: anammox; model; nitrogen; process; rate; reactor; removal; substrate
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        item: #3604 of 7527
          id: cet-2119
      author: None
       title: cet-2119
        date: 2017-05-08
       words: 3015
      flesch: 36
     summary: 333 Table 1: PEMS models results - KPI comparison KPI FCC STACK FCC STACK ABS STACK ABS STACK O2 NOx O2 NOx R2 86.20% 84.85% 86.30% 84.70% |E| 0.053 % Similar results have been obtained also for the oxygen emissions where the percentage error moved from the original 5.2% to 6.9%, still well within the tolerance limits for PEMS models.
    keywords: algorithms; data; emission; lwr; model; monitoring; pems; process; sensor
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        item: #3605 of 7527
          id: cet-212
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-212
        date: 2017-10-04
       words: 3786
      flesch: 52
     summary: Residual waste has been the most discussed and consequently processes related to residual waste treatment are focused on by this work. The specification of residual waste treatment processes is based on average data from Czech Republic (CZE) and Germany.
    keywords: emissions; energy; figure; gas; gwp; heat; neruda; production; treatment; waste; wte
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        item: #3606 of 7527
          id: cet-2120
      author: None
       title: cet-2120
        date: 2017-05-08
       words: 3199
      flesch: 48
     summary: Eng., Article ID 801213, 2015,11, DOI: 10.1155/2015/801213 Vila J., Tauler M., Grifoll M., 2015, Bacterial PAH degradation in marine and terrestrial habitats, Curr. Mrozic A., 2003, Bacterial degradation and bioremediation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons.
    keywords: catechol; concentration; degradation; effect; growth; phenanthrene; pyrene; removal; table
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        item: #3607 of 7527
          id: cet-2121
      author: None
       title: cet-2121
        date: 2017-05-08
       words: 3286
      flesch: 57
     summary: It is also observed that the methane conversion decreased over time which is due to the deposition of carbon produced as a by-product during the methane cracking reaction, resulting in the blockage of active sites and reduction in catalyst surface area (Abbas and Wan Daud, 2010, Sy et al., 2012, Choudhary et al., 2001). The second type of Ni particles formed was smaller in size (50 to 100 nm) and corresponded to the elemental Ni particle.
    keywords: al2o3; alumina; catalysts; hydrogen; methane; support
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        item: #3608 of 7527
          id: cet-2122
      author: None
       title: cet-2122
        date: 2017-05-08
       words: 3042
      flesch: 48
     summary: Mitigation associated with oil spill impacts depends largely on the formulation and implementation of adequate contingency plans, which should incorporate the identification of sources of oil spills, the simulation of the respective dispersion patterns and the characterization of areas that could be affected by a spill. In 2005, it was estimated that over 70% of oil spills in Colombia affected riverine areas.
    keywords: flood; magdalena; oil; river; season; shoreline; spill; study
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        item: #3609 of 7527
          id: cet-2123
      author: None
       title: cet-2123
        date: 2017-05-08
       words: 3053
      flesch: 62
     summary: There were just over 6,500 km of CO2 pipelines worldwide with most transporting CO2 for enhanced oil recovery in the United States (Dooley et al., 2009, Noothout et al., 2014, IEA GHG, 2014). The physical properties, density and viscosity, of the flowing fluid are either direct or indirect input parameters into the pressure calculation equation of CO2 pipelines and must be determined correctly.
    keywords: co2; drop; impurities; phase; pipeline; pressure; temperature
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        item: #3610 of 7527
          id: cet-2124
      author: None
       title: cet-2124
        date: 2017-05-08
       words: 3762
      flesch: 44
     summary: In the case of PAH-moisturised soils the maximum T value (208 °C) was reached, when the 1000 W power was applied for 60 min. Figure 1: Soil temperature (T) variation with time (t) during MWH tests. It was shown (Robinson et al., 2012) that during soil MW irradiation, ε decreased with time, consequently resulting in constant values of soil temperature.
    keywords: contaminant; falciglia; heating; microwave; mwh; pah; pahs; removal; soil; temperature
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        item: #3611 of 7527
          id: cet-2125
      author: None
       title: cet-2125
        date: 2017-05-08
       words: 2235
      flesch: 49
     summary: Table 1: The Oil Cage variables: ratio between oil and biosurfactant, cage diameter, and cage height Level Ratio between Oil and Biosurfactant Cage Diameter (cm) Cage Height (cm) -1.68 0.216 13.3 13.3 -1.00 0.250 15.0 15.0 0.00 0.300 17.5 17.5 1.00 0.450 20.0 20.0 1.68 0.552 21.7 21.7 Table 2: The Oil Cage assays Assays Ratio between Oil and Biosurfactant Cage Diameter (cm) Cage Height (cm) 1 0.250 15.0 15.0 2 0.250 15.0 20.0 3 0.250 20.0 15.0 4 0.250 20.0 20.0 5 0.450 15.0 15.0 6 0.450 15.0 20.0 7 0.450 20.0 15.0 8 0.450 20.0 20.0 9 0.216 17.5 17.5 10 0.552 17.5 17.5 11 0.300 13.3 17.5 12 0.300 21.7 17.5 13 0.300 17.5 13.3 14 0.300 17.5 21.7 15 0.300 17.5 17.5 16 0.300 17.5 17.5 17 0.300 17.5 17.5 18 0.300 17.5 17.5 3. Tansel, B., 2014, Propagation of impacts after oil spills at sea: Categorization and quantification of local vs regional and immediate vs delayed impacts.
    keywords: biosurfactant; cage; figure; height; oil; oil cage
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        item: #3612 of 7527
          id: cet-2126
      author: None
       title: cet-2126
        date: 2017-05-08
       words: 3491
      flesch: 35
     summary: By means of numerical methods, we performed a consequence-based assessment incorporating the effects, the hazardous distance and the reaction time scale, related to oil spill. This framework needed for drawing-up contingency plans and laying down operative procedures is developed at two time scales: short- time evolution of the cloud of hydrocarbon vapours, connected to potential toxic effects and flame development; short/medium-time study of the evolution of the drift of oil spills under the influence of wind and 374 tide estimation of the ‘characteristic spreading time” (Palazzi et al., 2004).
    keywords: accident; concentration; figure; modelling; oil; pipeline; ppm; risk; river; sea; spill; time
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        item: #3613 of 7527
          id: cet-2127
      author: None
       title: cet-2127
        date: 2017-05-08
       words: 3274
      flesch: 52
     summary: For high-power battery packs, such as those for HEV and PHEV applications, a considerable amount of heat can be generated in the cells as a result of high discharge currents during duty cycles, causing the rapid rise in cell temperature. D’Annibale F., Mariani A., Menale C., Bubbico R., Vellucci F., 2014, Experimental study of thermal behavior of batteries for electric car, Proc. of XXXII UIT Heat Transfer Conference, Pisa, 23- 25 June 2014, ISBN 978- 884673997-1; Duan X., Naterer G.F., 2010, Heat transfer in phase change materials for thermal management of electric vehicle battery modules, International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, 53, 5176–5182.
    keywords: air; battery; cell; cooling; temperature; velocity
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        item: #3614 of 7527
          id: cet-2128
      author: None
       title: cet-2128
        date: 2017-05-08
       words: 3143
      flesch: 57
     summary: The breakthrough curves show the loading behaviour of metal to be removed from solution and are usually expressed by the ratio of effluent metal concentration to influent metal concentration (Ceff / Cinf) versus the operating time or volume of the effluent (Veff). Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 131, 118-126. Kalmykova Y., Stromvall A.M., Steenari B.M., 2008, Adsorption of Cd, Cu, Ni, Pb and Zn on Sphagnum peat from solutions with low metal concentrations.
    keywords: bed; biosorbent; biosorption; column; concentration; peat; removal; sphagnum; zn(ii
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        item: #3615 of 7527
          id: cet-2129
      author: None
       title: cet-2129
        date: 2017-05-08
       words: 3081
      flesch: 48
     summary: Few authors have statistically quantified the relationship between sample size or distance between samples, the spatial distribution of variables such as those discussed in this study, such as the concentration of Chromium VI in surface waters of Ciénaga de las Quintas and the pH of the medium and the error associated with the estimation of the mean. It is very important the relationship between the position and the value of the variable studied, since it was possible to predict sites where pollutants are being discharged to water bodies and there are significant changes of pH in those sites (Dermatas et al., 2012).
    keywords: chromium; concentration; data; values; water
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        item: #3616 of 7527
          id: cet-213
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-213
        date: 2017-10-04
       words: 2773
      flesch: 41
     summary: So it is necessary to consider the combined effect of in-cylinder local heat transfer and lube oil oscillating cooling in the calculation of piston temperature field. Material properties for calculation are shown in Table 2. Table 2: Material properties of piston Material name Temperature Thermal conductivity Elastic modulus Thermal expansion coefficient Poisson ratio K W·(m·K)-1 GPa 1/K 1 Aluminium alloy 293 120.0 70 2.51e-05 0.3 373 152.0 423 158.0 473 163.0 523 170.0 573 175.0 976 Figure 6: The mesh of temperature field calculation Figure 7: Calculation results of temperature field Figure 7 shows the calculation results of piston temperature field.
    keywords: cooling; heat; heat transfer; oil; piston; surface; temperature; transfer
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        item: #3617 of 7527
          id: cet-2130
      author: None
       title: cet-2130
        date: 2017-05-08
       words: 2721
      flesch: 23
     summary:  safety inspections can then result particularly onerous in terms of resources an time involved: practical experience confirms that, whilst at depth inspections thoroughly covering the critical operations can be sparse, the elementary level inspections should be frequent, to promote the attention to OS&H of personnel with various qualifications working in the yard. 400 Table 3: Results of the CCCP technique applied to the considered 2006 accident Figure 3: Minimum information to collect previously to the beginning of yard activities.
    keywords: activities; coordinator; health; matters; project; results; safety; stage
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        item: #3618 of 7527
          id: cet-2131
      author: None
       title: cet-2131
        date: 2017-05-08
       words: 3105
      flesch: 51
     summary: The objective of this work was to produce and characterize active biodegradable films, by extrusion blow processing, with 58% of thermoplastic starch (29g glycerol/100 g cassava starch), 40% poly (butylene adipate co-terephthalate), 1 to 2 % oregano essential oil, 1 to 2% of nanoclay. Thus, the objectives of the present study were to produce active biodegradable films by blow extrusion of blends of cassava starch, PBAT, glycerol, added of oregano essential oil and nanoclay, and study the effects in the mechanical and permeation properties.
    keywords: films; nanoclay; oil; oregano; pbat; starch; water
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        item: #3619 of 7527
          id: cet-2132
      author: None
       title: cet-2132
        date: 2017-05-08
       words: 3961
      flesch: 46
     summary: Due to the inherent restrictions confronted by contemporary technologies used for Pb removal, its extraction from the environment for direct reuse has thus far not been achieved. It was hypothesised that Pb- contaminated industrial sites would harbour microbial consortia that a) would be able to survive in environments with elevated background Pb concentrations and b) have the capability to decrease the background Pb concentration by precipitation.
    keywords: concentrations; consortia; experiment; figure; hours; lead; plant; recycle; removal; results
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        item: #3620 of 7527
          id: cet-2133
      author: None
       title: cet-2133
        date: 2017-05-08
       words: 3578
      flesch: 50
     summary: 4. Results and discussion 4.1 TG-DSC-FTIR tests Preliminary data with respect to BPO decomposition onset temperatures and decomposition heat were obtained by simultaneous TG-DSC-FTIR analysis. Therefore, the investigation of critical conditions leading to BPO decomposition is of utmost importance for the enhancement of operations safety.
    keywords: analysis; bpo; data; decomposition; dsc; ftir; peroxides; runs; temperature
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        item: #3621 of 7527
          id: cet-2134
      author: None
       title: cet-2134
        date: 2017-05-08
       words: 3997
      flesch: 44
     summary: Kahraman C., Kaya I., 2010, A fuzzy multicriteria methodology for selection among energy alternatives, Expert Systems with Applications, 37, 6270–6281. Fuzzy logic decision support system In this section is described a decision making approach that involves the stages of the decision support system proposed,
    keywords: alternative; criteria; decision; energy; expert; generation; level; power; system
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        item: #3622 of 7527
          id: cet-2135
      author: None
       title: cet-2135
        date: 2017-05-08
       words: 3444
      flesch: 57
     summary: Furthermore, the model we proposed can be blended with the vehicle assign problem which was proposed by Barany et al. (2010) for more complex problems about agricultural food products delivery. Reference Barany M., Bertok B., Kovacs Z., Friedler F. and Fan L.T., 2010, Optimization software for solving vehicle assignment problems to minimize costs and environmental impacts of transportation, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 21, 499-504, DOI: 10.3303/CET1021084. Chen S.H., Hsieh C.H., 1998, Graded mean integration representation of generalized fuzzy numbers, In Proceeding of Sixth Conference on Fuzzy Theory and its Applications, Taiwan, China, 1-6. Chen X.D., Yoo J.Y., 2006, Food Engineering as an Advancing Branch of Chemical Engineering, International Journal of Food Engineering, 2(2), 1-12. Fister I., Fister I. Jr., Yang X.S., Brest J., 2013, A comprehensive review of firefly algorithm, Swarm and Evolutionary Computation, 13, 34-46. Gandomi A.H., Yang X.S., Alavi A.H., 2016, Mixed variable structural optimization using Firefly Algorithm, Computers and Structures, 89(23-24), 2325-2336. Conclusions In the short-haul road transportation with one source and one destination, an optimized load plan is essential for food quality and profitability when agricultural food products are too many to be loaded all together by given refrigerated trucks.
    keywords: algorithm; end; firefly; food; problem; product
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        item: #3623 of 7527
          id: cet-2136
      author: None
       title: cet-2136
        date: 2017-05-08
       words: 3566
      flesch: 47
     summary: Parameters commonly used to describe aerosols (concentration, chemical composition, etc.) are extended by other values, such as the number of aerosol particles, their size and shape. It was necessary to supplement the acquired results with a measurement of the distribution of aerosol particles, preferably using SMPS devices to complement the experiment and obtain all relevant information.
    keywords: aerosol; air; measurement; nanoparticles; particles; večeřa
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        item: #3624 of 7527
          id: cet-2137
      author: None
       title: cet-2137
        date: 2017-05-08
       words: 3710
      flesch: 63
     summary: Analysis of past accidents 2.1 Historical survey A historical analysis has been performed (Hemmatian, 2016) on a set of 167 BLEVE accidents occurred after 1st January 1961, the largest sample of BLEVE accidents studied until now. For direct overpressure effects (as usually transportation accidents will occur in non-congested zones) the lethality due to pulmonary hemorrhage can be estimated as a function of ΔP (overpressure, N·m-2) by using Eq.
    keywords: accidents; bleve; distances; fire; kpa; rail; road; transportation; vessel
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        item: #3625 of 7527
          id: cet-2138
      author: None
       title: cet-2138
        date: 2017-05-08
       words: 3581
      flesch: 51
     summary: Many outputs can be derived using this method, examples of key environmental impact information are: amount of gas flared, Number of stops due to environmental restrictions and Gas production. “Gas injection system” is the second in terms of criticality, responsible for 28.6% of the losses.
    keywords: analysis; case; flaring; gas; operations; production; system
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        item: #3626 of 7527
          id: cet-2139
      author: None
       title: cet-2139
        date: 2017-05-08
       words: 3543
      flesch: 48
     summary: If the backmixing had an important influence on the system, the pure plug-flow assumption would have not been valid anymore, even with high Peclet number values. 57, 2017 A publication of The Italian Association of Chemical Engineering Online at www.aidic.it/cet Guest Editors: Sauro Pierucci, Jiří Jaromír Klemeš, Laura Piazza, Serafim Bakalis Copyright © 2017, AIDIC Servizi S.r.l. ISBN 978-88-95608- 48-8; ISSN 2283-9216 Rigorous Modeling of a CO2-MEA Stripping System Claudio Madeddu*a, Massimiliano Erricob, Roberto Barattia aUniversità degli Studi di Cagliari, Dipartimento di ingegneria Meccanica, Chimica e dei Materiali, Via Marengo 2, 09123, Cagliari, Italy bUniversity of Southern Denmark, Department of Chemical Engineering, Biotechnology and Environmental Technology, Campusvej 55, DK-5230 Odense M, Denmark c.madeddu@dimcm.unica.it The complexity of the phenomena involved in CO2 chemical absorption and solvent regeneration systems results in the necessity to develop reliable models to describe the steady state and the dynamic behavior of the process.
    keywords: co2; column; flow; model; number; process; segments; system
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        item: #3627 of 7527
          id: cet-214
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-214
        date: 2017-10-04
       words: 3937
      flesch: 56
     summary: And authors explored the effects of different gas temperature and different gas velocities on the droplet evaporation based on former results. The intercooling technique is injecting cooling water into where between the low-pressure compressor and high-pressure compressor, which cooling the high pressure and temperature gas from the low-pressure compressor.
    keywords: cooling; droplet; effect; evaporation; flow; gas; spray; temperature; velocity
       cache: cet-214.pdf
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        item: #3628 of 7527
          id: cet-2140
      author: None
       title: cet-2140
        date: 2017-05-08
       words: 3412
      flesch: 56
     summary: The evaluated process is a three-stage compression pressurized water process with an intermediate flash for methane recovery, an air stripper and a bio filter for hydrogen sulfide conversion. In fact, bio methane from bio gas is the only renewable energy source with a world scale storage facility - the European natural gas grid.
    keywords: bio; chemical; conditions; efficiency; exergy; gas; pressure; process; stream; water
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        item: #3629 of 7527
          id: cet-2141
      author: None
       title: cet-2141
        date: 2017-05-08
       words: 2721
      flesch: 58
     summary: The optimization minimum time problem (OP2) can be described mathematically by: For fixed water demand Minimum time problem (OP2) can be expressed as. Thirdly, in the daily temperature variation is varied in linearly (timeanddate, 2017), seawater temperature changes linearly and its effects are compared with piecewise constant step changes.
    keywords: demand; process; seawater; temperature; time
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        item: #3630 of 7527
          id: cet-2142
      author: None
       title: cet-2142
        date: 2017-05-08
       words: 3691
      flesch: 41
     summary: Evaluation of sustainable useful index (SUI) by fuzzy approach for energy producing processes. A first level of energy sustainability analysis can be performed by the evaluation of the Energy Sustainability Index (ESI); it is calculated according to the equation: 𝐸𝑆𝐼 = 𝑃𝑟𝑜𝑑𝑢𝑐𝑒𝑑 𝑒𝑛𝑒𝑟𝑔𝑦 𝐷𝑖𝑟𝑒𝑐𝑡 𝑒𝑛𝑒𝑟𝑔𝑦 𝑠𝑝𝑒𝑛𝑡 (1) where “Produced energy” is the total energy produced by the process and “Direct energy spent” is the direct energy spent to run the process.
    keywords: analysis; energy; gasification; landfill; msw; plant; process; section; sustainability
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        item: #3631 of 7527
          id: cet-2143
      author: None
       title: cet-2143
        date: 2017-05-08
       words: 3355
      flesch: 45
     summary: The results of the parametric studies show that increasing the compression ratio, efficiency of the micro turbine and improves thermodynamic system performance, however, increasing the compression ratio of the compressor increases rate system costs per unit of time. The results reveal that by increasing the compression ratio, the compressor and gas micro turbine efficiency improve thermodynamic system performance, however, increasing the compression ratio of the compressor increases the rate of system costs per unit time, on the other hand, the compressor and gas micro turbine efficiency and the outlet temperature of the preheater will be useful for the system in thermal and exergoeconomic terms.
    keywords: analysis; cogeneration; compressor; efficiency; exergy; increase; rate; system; turbine
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        item: #3632 of 7527
          id: cet-2144
      author: None
       title: cet-2144
        date: 2017-05-08
       words: 3674
      flesch: 45
     summary: Binici H., Durguan M.Y., Rizaoglu T., Kolucoak M., 2012, Investigation of durability properties of soncerete pipes incorporation blast furnance slag and ground basaltic pumice as fine aggregates, Scientia Iranica, Transactions A: Civil Engineering, 1(3), 366-372. 485 Bostanci S.C., Limbachiya M. and Kew H., 2016, Portland slag and composites cement concretes: engineering and durability properties, Journal of Cleaner Production, 112, 542-552. This points to the similarity in leaching performance of calcium and silicon under acid solution attack regardless the concentration of acid.
    keywords: acid; attack; cement; concrete; correlation; engineering; slag; solution; sulphate
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        item: #3633 of 7527
          id: cet-2146
      author: None
       title: cet-2146
        date: 2017-05-08
       words: 1959
      flesch: 49
     summary: Nikonenko V. V. et al., 1999, Analysis of electrodialysis water desalination costs by convective-diffusion model, Desalination. Thus, to minimize ED cost, it is possible to carry out an optimization study.
    keywords: cell; cost; desalination; figure; system; total; water
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        item: #3634 of 7527
          id: cet-2147
      author: None
       title: cet-2147
        date: 2017-05-08
       words: 3425
      flesch: 45
     summary: DOI: 10.3303/CET1757084 Please cite this article as: Knoke T., Kenig E.Y., Kronberg A., Glushenkov M., 2017, Model-based analysis of novel heat engines for low- temperature heat conversion, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 57, 499-504 DOI: 10.3303/CET1757084 499 Figure 1: Schematic representation of the Encontech Engine (a) and simplified physical model of externally heated engines (b). The Encontech Engine The Encontech Engine represents a technically simple and economical alternative to existing heat engines.
    keywords: efficiency; energy; engine; fluids; heat; pressure; regeneration; working
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        item: #3635 of 7527
          id: cet-2148
      author: None
       title: cet-2148
        date: 2017-05-08
       words: 2822
      flesch: 45
     summary: Basing on recent advances (Bassani et al. 2015), it could be possible to convert H2S and CO2 into valuable products and specifically into syngas according to the oxi-reduction reaction: DOI: 10.3303/CET1757085 Please cite this article as: Bassani A., Frau C., Maggio E., Pettinau A., Cali G., Ranzi E., Manenti F., 2017, Devolatilization of organo-sulfur compounds in coal gasification, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 57, 505-510 DOI: 10.3303/CET1757085 505 2𝐻2𝑆 + 𝐶𝑂2 → 𝐻2 + 𝐶𝑂 + 𝐻2𝑂 + 𝑆2 (1) According with this new technology, fundamental new kinetic studies and research are required to improve our understanding of the multiscale and multiphase phenomena occurring during coal gasification and combustion.
    keywords: bassani; coal; et al; gasification; h2s; kinetic; sulfur
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        item: #3636 of 7527
          id: cet-2149
      author: None
       title: cet-2149
        date: 2017-05-08
       words: 3365
      flesch: 54
     summary: Furthermore, N content of 1.2 wt.% average does not relate to the rank of coal, and therefore it would not have any effect on spontaneous combustion unlike O. According to Chou (2012), coals are generally termed as low sulphur (≤ 1 wt.% sulphur content), medium sulphur (≥1 to ≤ 3 wt.% sulphur content) and high sulphur coals (≥ 3 Saikia B.K., Dutta A.M., Saikia L., Baruah B.P., 2014, Feasibility studies of desulphurization and de-ashing of low grade medium to high sulphur coals by low energy ultrasonication, Fuel. 123, 12–18.
    keywords: coal; content; iso; power; sample; south; sulphur; vol.%; waterberg; wt.%
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        item: #3637 of 7527
          id: cet-215
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-215
        date: 2017-10-04
       words: 3013
      flesch: 53
     summary: The objective function in Eq(1) minimises weighted total error on arcs and sum of positive part of the penalization for exceeding waste production. It has been given by waste flows with a big weight ( ).
    keywords: data; error; node; processing; production; region; waste
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        item: #3638 of 7527
          id: cet-2150
      author: None
       title: cet-2150
        date: 2017-05-08
       words: 3103
      flesch: 41
     summary: Activity Type of pet WF Average pet WF (L/y) Packaged pet food production Indirect-green 88,458.6 Indirect-blue 64,130.5 Indirect-grey 2,900.5 Homemade pet food production Indirect-green 71,736.7 Indirect-blue 21,345.8 Indirect-grey 11,705.7 On the contrary, this study serves as an eye-opening exploration of the origin of pet WF and the manner in which every aspect of a pet’s life could affect the environment.
    keywords: dog; food; footprint; pet; pets; production; water
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        item: #3639 of 7527
          id: cet-2151
      author: None
       title: cet-2151
        date: 2017-05-08
       words: 3715
      flesch: 46
     summary: This rotameter is placed on the top of the vertical section of the suction line of the pump to allow measurements of water flow rate without interference from the amount of air admitted in this section. The Ratios between the air and water flow rates for microbubbles production (X1) and between the biosurfactant and feed oily water flow rates (X2) were tested.
    keywords: air; biosurfactant; chemical; daf; efficiency; effluent; flow; microbubbles; oil; separation; water
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        item: #3640 of 7527
          id: cet-2152
      author: None
       title: cet-2152
        date: 2017-05-08
       words: 2842
      flesch: 49
     summary: Oily water was detected at the top outlet of the decanter with a cutting fluid content of 5.2 ppm. Figure 4: Distribution of volumetric fraction of oily water simulated in the hydrocyclone with the aid of software fluent in CFD 532 Figure 5.
    keywords: cutting; effluent; figure; graphite; liquid; oil; phase; prototype; separation; water
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        item: #3641 of 7527
          id: cet-2153
      author: None
       title: cet-2153
        date: 2017-05-08
       words: 2341
      flesch: 42
     summary: An oil collector was designed and installed to remove the free oil on the water surface, ensuring the maximum removal of oily waste on constructed wetland prototype. Figure 2: Constructed wetland prototype 3.
    keywords: efficiency; microbubbles; oil; prototype; treatment; wastewater; water; wetland
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        item: #3642 of 7527
          id: cet-2154
      author: None
       title: cet-2154
        date: 2017-05-08
       words: 3829
      flesch: 56
     summary: The use of NF membranes is especially problematic regarding fouling problems. However, membrane fouling leads to increased expenses if not properly examined and considered, and this is especially problematic in wastewater treatments.
    keywords: flux; fouling; membrane; ochando; olive; omw; permeate; pressure; stoller; treatment; wastewater
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        item: #3643 of 7527
          id: cet-2155
      author: None
       title: cet-2155
        date: 2017-05-08
       words: 3179
      flesch: 59
     summary: The region DOI: 10.3303/CET1757092 Please cite this article as: Kimura S.P.R., Pascoaloto D., Ferreira S.J., Vieira M.G.A., 2017, Influence of the hydrological regime on the water quality from the lake of the francesa - parintins/amazon/brazil, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 57, 547-552 DOI: 10.3303/CET1757092 547 mailto:solenisekimura@yahoo.com.br presents variation in the level of its waters, a natural phenomenon in the Amazon, it is characterized by two very distinct periods throughout the year, high waters (flood) and low waters (ebb/dry). Introduction To ensure the life of river dwellers and to ensure the intake of a substance that is not harmful to the health of the population, water quality is assessed through the analysis of some parameters of physical, chemical and biological characteristics described in the 357/2005 Resolution of the National Council of the Environment (Conama).
    keywords: chemical; francesa; july; lake; march; parameters; period; quality; water
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        item: #3644 of 7527
          id: cet-2156
      author: None
       title: cet-2156
        date: 2017-05-08
       words: 3131
      flesch: 49
     summary: The aim of this work is to investigate the influence of controlled modulation of LEDs light on the performances of a photocatalytic reactor for wastewater treatment using TiO2 immobilized on glass spheres (TiO2/GS). The aim of this work is to investigate the influence of controlled modulation of LEDs light on the performances of a photocatalytic reactor for wastewater treatment using TiO2 immobilized on glass spheres.
    keywords: dimming; glass; leds; light; modulation; photocatalytic; spheres; tio2; vaiano
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        item: #3645 of 7527
          id: cet-2157
      author: None
       title: cet-2157
        date: 2017-05-08
       words: 4075
      flesch: 43
     summary: References Fathi S.J., Austad T., Strand S., 2011, Water based enhanced oil recovery (EOR) by “smart water”: Optimal ionic composition for EOR in carbonates, Energy & Fuels, 25, 1–17. In addition, it seems established that one important factor affecting the separation of the phases, and especially the emulsion behaviour between water and oil, is the presence of asphaltenes, resins and naphthenic acids in crude oil.
    keywords: concentration; crude; ionic; kinetics; oil; phase; separation; water; water separation
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        item: #3646 of 7527
          id: cet-2158
      author: None
       title: cet-2158
        date: 2017-05-08
       words: 3229
      flesch: 42
     summary: + C. sphaerica ; Set 4 — Seawater +oil motor+ C. sphaerica biosurfactant + C. sphaerica biosurfactant (0.025%)+ C. sphaerica; Set 5 — Seawater +oil motor + C. sphaerica biosurfactant (0.05%)+ C.sphaerica. 3.3 Motor oil biodegradation Five different sets were used to study motor oil biodegradation.
    keywords: biosurfactant; molasses; motor; oil; sand; seawater; set; sphaerica; sugar
       cache: cet-2158.pdf
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        item: #3647 of 7527
          id: cet-2159
      author: None
       title: cet-2159
        date: 2017-05-08
       words: 4112
      flesch: 57
     summary: 4. Conclusions By using mixtures of used oil and palm oil up to 20% of WFO oil it is possible to obtain biodiesel. The hydrolysis results in the release of free fatty acids, which limits the use of WFO biodiesel production when alkaline catalysts is used (López et al. 2015).
    keywords: biodiesel; et al; number; oil; palm; palm oil; production; virgin; waste; wfo
       cache: cet-2159.pdf
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        item: #3648 of 7527
          id: cet-216
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-216
        date: 2017-10-04
       words: 3420
      flesch: 54
     summary: (2015) use network flow model to analyse the variability and probability of future cost of waste treatment for municipalities (producers of waste). An additional complication is a multitude of waste treatment methods and their prioritising (discussed in the following section), which is handled by the generation of the alpha parameter from triangular density function.
    keywords: cost; figure; management; model; production; transportation; treatment; waste
       cache: cet-216.pdf
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        item: #3649 of 7527
          id: cet-2160
      author: None
       title: cet-2160
        date: 2017-05-08
       words: 3364
      flesch: 56
     summary: Characterization and evaluation of potential reuse options for wastewater sludge and combined sewer system sediments in Mexico. Treatment of stormwater sediments: Efficiency of an attrition scrubber-laboratory and pilot-scale studies.
    keywords: cement; chemical; gully; manhole; oxide; portland; pozzolans; sediments
       cache: cet-2160.pdf
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        item: #3650 of 7527
          id: cet-2161
      author: None
       title: cet-2161
        date: 2017-05-08
       words: 3105
      flesch: 46
     summary: Taking into account that there are few studies about drugs adsorption onto clays, the present work aimed to evaluate the removal efficiency of four drugs (amoxicillin, caffeine, propranolol, and diclofenac sodium) from aqueous solutions by clay materials. It is noticeable that the material’s porosity decreased after amoxicillin adsorption suggesting that the process happened, mainly, in the particle pores.
    keywords: adsorbent; adsorption; amoxicillin; caffeine; diclofenac; drugs; fluidgel; material; organoclay; removal
       cache: cet-2161.pdf
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        item: #3651 of 7527
          id: cet-2162
      author: None
       title: cet-2162
        date: 2017-05-08
       words: 3502
      flesch: 62
     summary: It can be observed that the test with a flow rate of 20 mL.min-1 shows the highest value for the height of the MTZ (hMTZ), indicating that for high flow rates, the residence time of the adsorbate is not enough, disfavoring the process of adsorption. Despite this, it can be verified that for high flow rates the model cannot predict properly the behavior.
    keywords: adsorption; bed; benzene; flow; model; removal; thomas; − 𝐶; 𝐶 𝐶0
       cache: cet-2162.pdf
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        item: #3652 of 7527
          id: cet-2163
      author: None
       title: cet-2163
        date: 2017-05-08
       words: 3007
      flesch: 54
     summary: From the process safety stand point, the majority of biogas production plants are medium to small scale, therefore not regulated by the Seveso III Directive (2012/18/EU); ATEX (2014/34/UE) and D.lgs 81/2008 are requirements only. The analysis of the accidents revealed several risk and operability issues with biogas production.
    keywords: biogas; digester; plant; pressure; process; production; rate; system
       cache: cet-2163.pdf
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        item: #3653 of 7527
          id: cet-2164
      author: None
       title: cet-2164
        date: 2017-05-08
       words: 2651
      flesch: 50
     summary: In order to recover the latter fraction of residual oil, which varies between 3% (humid pomace, coming from centrifugal mills) and 6% (virgin olive pomace oil, coming from traditional pressing methods), this product is subjected to a further process, which starts from the virgin pomace or humid pomace, obtaining crude olive- pomace oil and exhausted pomace. The aim of this study was the analysis of the CO2 emissions and the evaluation of the Global Warming Potential (GWP) related to the production of 1 kg of pomace oil (widely used by food industry) and 1 kg of exhausted pomace (used as biofuel).
    keywords: marco; oil; olive; pomace; pomace oil; production
       cache: cet-2164.pdf
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        item: #3654 of 7527
          id: cet-2165
      author: None
       title: cet-2165
        date: 2017-05-08
       words: 3023
      flesch: 49
     summary: The best fit to the experimental equilibrium data was obtained by Langmuir isotherm and the maximum adsorption capacity was 1.57 mg g-1, demonstrating the high efficiency of AAD on fluoride adsorption in batch system. For studies of kinetics and adsorption equilibrium, 50 mL of fluoride solution with initial concentration of 6 mg L-1 were placed in contact with a certain adsorbent mass (kinetic test: 𝑚 = 0.2 g, equilibrium test: 0.05 g < 𝑚 <1 g).
    keywords: aad; adsorption; equilibrium; fluoride; kinetic; order; pseudo
       cache: cet-2165.pdf
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        item: #3655 of 7527
          id: cet-2166
      author: None
       title: cet-2166
        date: 2017-05-08
       words: 3256
      flesch: 49
     summary: Preliminary batch kinetic studies showed that these species have the potential to effectively reduce U(VI) in aqueous solutions by means of more than one mechanism. Results showed insignificant U(VI) removal in a cell-free rector, demonstrating the feasibility of the microbial species used in this study in reducing or immobilizing U(VI) in contaminated wastewater.
    keywords: biofilm; port; reactor; removal; u(vi; uranium
       cache: cet-2166.pdf
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        item: #3656 of 7527
          id: cet-2167
      author: None
       title: cet-2167
        date: 2017-05-08
       words: 3207
      flesch: 49
     summary: Considering these results, sodium treatment was effective at improving clay adsorption capacity, proving the advantage of its application. DOI: 10.3303/CET1757104 Please cite this article as: Nunes Soeiro T., Dantas De Freitas E., Simon Maia G., Barbosa Santos A., Vieira M.G.A., Guirardello R., 2017, Evaluation of cu2+ ions adsorption equilibrium in calcined bentonite clay and after treatment with sodium, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 57, 619-624 DOI: 10.3303/CET1757104 619 Clays are potential adsorbent materials due its high surface area, mechanical stability, and various structural and surface properties resulting in a material with high adsorption capacity (Bekçi et al., 2006).
    keywords: adsorption; clay; copper; equilibrium; ions; metal; mmol; model; process; treatment
       cache: cet-2167.pdf
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        item: #3657 of 7527
          id: cet-2168
      author: None
       title: cet-2168
        date: 2017-05-08
       words: 2360
      flesch: 50
     summary: It is evident the absorption threshold of undoped ZnO sample occurring at about 390 nm. The chemical-physical characterization data evidenced that that dopant ions were successfully incorporated into the ZnO lattice because the doped ZnO samples presented band-gap values of about 3.0 eV, lower than undoped ZnO (3.3 eV).
    keywords: ebt; figure; light; photocatalysts; photocatalytic; zno
       cache: cet-2168.pdf
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        item: #3658 of 7527
          id: cet-2169
      author: None
       title: cet-2169
        date: 2017-05-08
       words: 3384
      flesch: 56
     summary: Then the samples were centrifuged to 3000 rpm during 30 min and supernatant was filtered through 0.45 µm filter (Azam et al., 2013). In the same way, we used two SA as reference compounds, the sodium tetraborate reported as excellent SA on berea with high SiO2 percent (Azam et al., 2013) and a commercial polyacrylate with 3,500 Da of MW.
    keywords: adsorption; mineral; polystyrene; process; sulfonation; waste
       cache: cet-2169.pdf
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        item: #3659 of 7527
          id: cet-217
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-217
        date: 2017-10-04
       words: 3219
      flesch: 59
     summary:     in out in out T T SR T c bsr t sr t sr t sr v sr t sr t sr u sr t q q m m To bridge the gap to industrial applications, regeneration modules with variable removal efficiencies for different types of contaminants and the inhibitory impact of toxic substances on regeneration network are considered.
    keywords: regeneration; t t; water;  
       cache: cet-217.pdf
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        item: #3660 of 7527
          id: cet-2170
      author: None
       title: cet-2170
        date: 2017-05-08
       words: 3796
      flesch: 41
     summary: al., 2014).In this context, the main objective of this DOI: 10.3303/CET1757107 Please cite this article as: Silva G.N., Souza G.M., Almeida Neto A.F., Jorge L.M.M., Andreo Santos O.A., 2017, Influence of zno content in mixed oxides catalysts applied in the photocatalytic degradation of atrazine, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 57, 637-642 DOI: 10.3303/CET1757107 637 paper is to evaluate the performance of TiO2-oxide-based catalysts, containing mass percentages of 5, 8, 10 and 15 of ZnO, in its composition and pure TiO2 and ZnO, in the photocatalytic degradation of atrazine. Parra S., Stanca S. E., Guasaquillo I., Thampi R. K., 2004, Photocatalytic degradation of atrazine using suspended and supported TiO2.
    keywords: atrazine; catalysts; degradation; min; photocatalytic; presence; reaction; tio2; water; zinc; zno
       cache: cet-2170.pdf
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        item: #3661 of 7527
          id: cet-2171
      author: None
       title: cet-2171
        date: 2017-05-08
       words: 3117
      flesch: 46
     summary: As can be observed in Figure 2a, the combined UV/H2O2 process was enhanced by increasing hydrogen peroxide concentration even if total removal of paracetamol was not achieved in the adopted treatment time. Moreover, the removal rates seemed to be affected only by the [H2O2]/[Paracetamol] as confirmed by the similar slope of curves referring to tests conducted using different paracetamol and hydrogen peroxide concentrations but with similar molar ratio.
    keywords: degradation; h2o2; hydrogen; paracetamol; peroxide; removal; situ
       cache: cet-2171.pdf
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        item: #3662 of 7527
          id: cet-2172
      author: None
       title: cet-2172
        date: 2017-05-08
       words: 3230
      flesch: 38
     summary: In the present study, a removal of 84.5 % was found as the best result (Table 1), demonstrating the application feasibility of P. cepacia biosurfactant (formulated and isolated) as dispersing agent adequate to cleanup of extremely sensitive ecosystem contaminated by hydrophobic pollutants, such as coral reefs that are delicate environments and of difficult access. The biosurfactant was also used in the engine lubricating oil removal impregnated in samples of coral reefs so as to evaluate its potential in removing petroleum compounds.
    keywords: biosurfactant; cepacia; days; oil; removal; silva; surface
       cache: cet-2172.pdf
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        item: #3663 of 7527
          id: cet-2173
      author: None
       title: cet-2173
        date: 2017-05-08
       words: 3171
      flesch: 51
     summary: The values of Di are in agreement with 659 values found in the literature, which range is between 10-6 and 10-8 cm²/s for copper adsorption (Freitas et al., 2017; Teixeira et al., 2013). Co = metallic ion initial concentration (mmol/L);
    keywords: alginate; concentration; copper; diffusion; mmol; model; order; pseudo
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        item: #3664 of 7527
          id: cet-2174
      author: None
       title: cet-2174
        date: 2017-05-08
       words: 3389
      flesch: 43
     summary: Crude oil has to be transported over long distances of extraction fields to refineries. Among the main problems are low-flow, high viscosity and high content of asphaltenes and paraffins present in crude oil, which leads to problems of deposition and consequent drop in pressure, compromising the pipelines (Cerón-Camacho et al., 2013).
    keywords: application; biosurfactant; formulation; industry; oil; pernambuco; petroleum; storage; study; surface
       cache: cet-2174.pdf
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        item: #3665 of 7527
          id: cet-2175
      author: None
       title: cet-2175
        date: 2017-05-08
       words: 3276
      flesch: 48
     summary: Recent studies has shown that caffeine, a substance present in beverages such as coffee, in pharmaceuticals products and food, it is present in surface water in several countries. DOI: 10.3303/CET1757112 Please cite this article as: Almeida L.N.B., Lenzi G.G., Pietrobelli J.M.T.A., Andreo Santos O.A., 2017, Performance evaluation of catalysts of zno in photocatalytic degradation of caffeine solution., Chemical Engineering Transactions, 57, 667-672 DOI: 10.3303/CET1757112 667 In this context, researchers are constantly seeking to develop increasingly intelligent and economical processes in the degradation of substances present in surface water and drinking water, such as pharmaceuticals, personal hygiene products, finally compounds called emerging pollutants in which caffeine is classified, since the processes currently used are inefficient in the removal of these compounds (Cunff et al., 2015).
    keywords: area; caffeine; calcined; catalysts; characterization; degradation; pore; surface; water; zno
       cache: cet-2175.pdf
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        item: #3666 of 7527
          id: cet-2176
      author: None
       title: cet-2176
        date: 2017-05-08
       words: 2902
      flesch: 46
     summary: Employing the reaction medium recycle of 200 and 400 mL/min, the results of soluble phosphorus and organic acids concentration obtained and are shown in Figures 3 and 4, respectively. The values found by Souchie et al. (2007) presented lower than those found in the present study when studying the recycle flow 400 mL/min (216.1 ppm) until the third day of operation of the air reactor, followed by organic acids concentration equal to 3.93 μmol/mL of lactic acid and 4.27 μmol/mL of acetic acid.
    keywords: air; concentration; lift; medium; phosphate; phosphorus; rock
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        item: #3667 of 7527
          id: cet-2177
      author: None
       title: cet-2177
        date: 2017-05-08
       words: 4121
      flesch: 63
     summary: An alternative to reduce production costs is the blend of castor oil and waste cooking oil. Subsequently the mixture between 0% and 20% of waste cooking oil with castor oil was conducted.
    keywords: biodiesel; castor; cooking; cooking oil; et al; oil; production; waste; waste cooking
       cache: cet-2177.pdf
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        item: #3668 of 7527
          id: cet-2178
      author: None
       title: cet-2178
        date: 2017-05-08
       words: 2525
      flesch: 42
     summary: The results showed that glyphosate desorption was around 96.1% in the first cycle (Figure 6a), followed by lower desorption rates, 80.7, 72.0 and 56.4% in second, third and forth, respectively. This result suggests that after each cycle, glyphosate desorption becomes more difficult to desorb.
    keywords: adsorbent; desorption; figure; glyphosate; graphene; mnfe2o4; removal; water
       cache: cet-2178.pdf
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        item: #3669 of 7527
          id: cet-2179
      author: None
       title: cet-2179
        date: 2017-05-08
       words: 3226
      flesch: 41
     summary: The stage of syngas production represents a bottleneck from the economic point of view. As the process of ammonia synthesis is completely independent of the route followed for syngas production; it is possible to replace reforming natural gas by APR gasification in other to obtain syngas and to reduce the dependencies on the fossil feedstock for ammonia production.
    keywords: ammonia; analysis; biomass; cost; gasification; palm; process; production; syngas
       cache: cet-2179.pdf
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        item: #3670 of 7527
          id: cet-218
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-218
        date: 2017-10-04
       words: 3449
      flesch: 55
     summary: Optimization of reactor network is to address the problem of reactor network synthesis, whose solution approaches can be classified as heuristic, attainable region and superstructure-based methods (Peschel et al., 2010). In the first step, the reaction paths tree and its relationship with reactor networks are discussed by embedding different reaction pathways into reactor network superstructure.
    keywords: heat; mass; module; n n; network; reaction; reactor
       cache: cet-218.pdf
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        item: #3671 of 7527
          id: cet-2180
      author: None
       title: cet-2180
        date: 2017-05-08
       words: 2926
      flesch: 47
     summary: Therefore, energy management has become an aspect of great importance for all economic sectors and this is one of the most promising tools to reduce energy consumption and thus energy costs (Bernal-Conesa et al., 2016) Finally, efficiency Base 100 index, is a tool for energy management that helps to evaluate the behavior of energy consumption measured during a period of production time in plant comparing with theoretical values calculated using the baseline.
    keywords: consumption; energy; line; management; performance; process; production
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        item: #3672 of 7527
          id: cet-2181
      author: None
       title: cet-2181
        date: 2017-05-08
       words: 3086
      flesch: 49
     summary: 57, 2017 A publication of The Italian Association of Chemical Engineering Online at www.aidic.it/cet Guest Editors: Sauro Pierucci, Jiří Jaromír Klemeš, Laura Piazza, Serafim Bakalis Copyright © 2017, AIDIC Servizi S.r.l. ISBN 978-88-95608- 48-8; ISSN 2283-9216 Formaldehyde Production Plant Modification: Risk Based Decision Making Gabriele Baldissonea, Micaela Demichelaa, Gianfranco Camuncolib, Lorenzo Combertia a Politecnico di Torino, Dept. of Applied Science and Technology, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi, 24, 1029 Torino, Italy b ARIA s.r.l., Corso Mediterraneo, 140, 10129 Torino, Italy gabriele.baldissone@polito.it In case of plant modification, one of the guiding parameters for decision making should be the risk minimisation. But in case of plant modification, the team knowledge can be not sufficient.
    keywords: analysis; decision; events; model; plant; probability; process; risk; system
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        item: #3673 of 7527
          id: cet-2182
      author: None
       title: cet-2182
        date: 2017-05-08
       words: 3556
      flesch: 34
     summary: This work presents results of an energy diagnosis through the evaluation of energy indicators based on historical information of energy consumption and productivity, thus identifying opportunities of organizational, energetic and technological upgrades for the company so that to address the managing department of the company in the creation of an organizational structure and adoption of undertaken commitments to conduct to the effective implementation of an Energy Management System. The model for an energy management system is integrated by three fundamental stages that allows to improve the energy consumption of the company and reduce energy consumption without the levels of production.
    keywords: company; consumption; efficiency; energy; indicators; management; performance; plant; production; system
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        item: #3674 of 7527
          id: cet-2183
      author: None
       title: cet-2183
        date: 2017-05-08
       words: 3196
      flesch: 48
     summary: The iron sulfide layers (FeS) formed as corrosion products on the surface of AISI-316 steel, which played a protective role, reducing the material deterioration due to they acted as a barrier to the corrosion from other corrosive species in the system. However, literature reports about metal morphological features of corrosion products formed by sulfidation phenomena are scanty, especially when the occurrence is associated with the surface layer of an austenitic stainless steel (Hucińska et al., 2006).
    keywords: aisi-316; corrosion; exposure; hours; steel; surface; temperature
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        item: #3675 of 7527
          id: cet-2184
      author: None
       title: cet-2184
        date: 2017-05-08
       words: 4011
      flesch: 40
     summary: The chromatographic analysis showed that the triacylglycerides (TAG) of C. vulgaris microalgae cells are mainly composed of fatty acids: palmitic acid (C16:0) -11.8 %; stearic acid (C18:0) -17.9 % (vol.); oleic acid (C18:1) - 12.5 % (vol.); linoleic acid (C18:2) - 5.8 % (vol.); behenic acid (C22:0) - 5.3 % (vol.); and erucic acid (22:1) - 4.2 % (vol.). According to the conducted theoretical calculations, the minimum value of the relative energy difference (RED) is observed when all types of microalgae lipids are extracted with a mixture of ethanol/petroleum ether solvents (1:2 (vol.)), which allows to recommend this mixture to be used in the extraction process.
    keywords: biomass; cell; energy; extraction; lipids; microalgae; microwave; radiation; temperature; vol; vulgaris; мpa
       cache: cet-2184.pdf
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        item: #3676 of 7527
          id: cet-2185
      author: None
       title: cet-2185
        date: 2017-05-08
       words: 2700
      flesch: 44
     summary: Organic carbon removal was 41.29%( 4%)−+ in Run 3 and 54.72%( 4.8%)−+ 729 in Run 4. High organic carbon removal (up to 85%) in short time (within 6 days) were achieved.
    keywords: ammonium; carbon; nitrite; nitrogen; removal; shortcut
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        item: #3677 of 7527
          id: cet-2186
      author: None
       title: cet-2186
        date: 2017-05-08
       words: 3709
      flesch: 36
     summary: Whatever the solvent in which the metal precursor is dissolved, a reductant is generally adopted, and this rule of thumb is generally valid also in case of cobalt nanoparticles synthesis. Raj K.J.A., Viswanathan B., 2011, Synthesis of cobalt nanoparticles with vegetable oil as the stabilizing agent, Bulletin of the Catalysis Society of India 9, 6-12.
    keywords: chemical; cobalt; metal; methods; nanoparticles; process; reverberi; solvents; synthesis; tea
       cache: cet-2186.pdf
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        item: #3678 of 7527
          id: cet-2187
      author: None
       title: cet-2187
        date: 2017-05-08
       words: 3654
      flesch: 57
     summary: Very limited techniques have been proposed, including biological or chemical - physical treatments (Wang et al., 2012; Kim et al., 2010). The MG adsorption increase with pH resulted from two possible mechanisms: an increase in the sites available for metal ions adsorption and increasingly more negatively charged and thus more electrostatically attractive surface to the Cs+ cations (Ebner et al., 2001).Lower immobilisation percentages obtained in the case of IP addition were due to the low specific area of IP and highlight the key role of adsorption processes in contaminant leaching phenomena.
    keywords: doi:10.1016; shielding; soils; rs
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        item: #3679 of 7527
          id: cet-2188
      author: None
       title: cet-2188
        date: 2017-05-08
       words: 2997
      flesch: 46
     summary: Figure 2: UV-visible spectra of the PAH mixture (left), PAH top fraction collected on the fused silica plug (center) and PAH bottom fraction (right) compared with the reconstructed spectra. Figure 1: Microscopic images of the top fractions deposited on the fused silica plug after thermal treatment of coronene (left), PAH mixture (center) and Soot Extract (right) with not polarized and polarized light.
    keywords: coronene; dcm; fraction; mixture; pah; tar
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        item: #3680 of 7527
          id: cet-2189
      author: None
       title: cet-2189
        date: 2017-05-08
       words: 3663
      flesch: 53
     summary: Reaction-precipitation by a spinning disc reactor: Influence of hydrodynamics on nanoparticles production. Cfd model of a spinning disk reactor for nanoparticle production.
    keywords: chemical; disk; nanoparticles; nzvi; palma; production; removal; sdr
       cache: cet-2189.pdf
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        item: #3681 of 7527
          id: cet-219
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-219
        date: 2017-10-04
       words: 3885
      flesch: 67
     summary: TDY j r k j M P j k j M Y j k j M Y j Y j K j Y j (14)            1 0 ( ) 0 1 1 ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )    P j i tM p TD r k j M P j k j M Y j k j M P j K j P j (3)  
    keywords: j m; k j; p j; y j;  
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        item: #3682 of 7527
          id: cet-2190
      author: None
       title: cet-2190
        date: 2017-05-08
       words: 4568
      flesch: 59
     summary: The adsorption selectivity of phenol is larger than tyrosol when using FPX66 resin, but smaller if MN202 resin is used. The obtained results, reported in Figure 3, show that tyrosol is adsorbed slightly and desorbed faster on FPX66 resin and inversely for the phenol on MN202 resin.
    keywords: adsorption; mn202; phenol; resin; tyrosol
       cache: cet-2190.pdf
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        item: #3683 of 7527
          id: cet-2191
      author: None
       title: cet-2191
        date: 2017-05-08
       words: 3763
      flesch: 37
     summary: Although being a highly variable fuel, the average European urban waste contains Cl, S and F in the respective mass percentage of 0.4 %, 0.1 % and 0.005 % in dry waste (CEWEP, 2008). Certain industrial waste can exhibit high fluorine content and, in particular, automotive shredder residues show F mass fractions up to 0.5- 0.75 % in dry waste, generally coupled with a high Cl content (Viganò et al., 2010).
    keywords: acid; environmental; gas; stage; system; treatment; waste
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        item: #3684 of 7527
          id: cet-2192
      author: None
       title: cet-2192
        date: 2017-05-08
       words: 3469
      flesch: 46
     summary: In particular, the photocatalytic exploitation of TiO2- based materials offers different environmental applications, such as the oxidative degradation of organic pollutants, the solar energy conversion in processes as water spitting, the CO2 reduction and the dye sensitized solar cell production (Kumar and Devi, 2011; Sima and Hasal, 2013; Zhang et al., 2014). Doping with metallic or non-metallic elements is a common way to modify large band-gap semiconductors, as it generates intermediate energy states in the lattice (Kumar and Devi, 2011; Zhang et al., 2014).
    keywords: 2,4; degradation; epr; gel; hsgt; light; material; molecules; removal; surface; tio2
       cache: cet-2192.pdf
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        item: #3685 of 7527
          id: cet-2193
      author: None
       title: cet-2193
        date: 2017-05-08
       words: 3491
      flesch: 48
     summary: Hence, they are not considered as a real alternative to coal tar pitches whose production is rapidly decreased in the last century. On the other hand, petroleum pitches appear promising as a cheap source alternative to coal tar pitches presenting quite similar physical properties in spite of a rather different chemical composition.
    keywords: analysis; coal; mass; pah; petroleum; pitches; spectra; tar
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        item: #3686 of 7527
          id: cet-2194
      author: None
       title: cet-2194
        date: 2017-05-08
       words: 3044
      flesch: 38
     summary: Safety culture in bio-energy production is an issue of primary importance, as well as the need for extending accident investigation, looking beyond the immediate technical causes for ways of avoiding the hazards and for deficiencies in the management system. The establishment of Renewable Fuels Standards (RFS) in 2005 (Public Law 109-58, 2005) and RFS 2 in 2007 (Public Law 110-140, 2007) were major advancements to set-up a goal of bio-energy production from biomass.
    keywords: accidents; bio; energy; europe; figure; issues; production; risk; safety; usa
       cache: cet-2194.pdf
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        item: #3687 of 7527
          id: cet-2195
      author: None
       title: cet-2195
        date: 2017-05-08
       words: 3894
      flesch: 57
     summary: At all supersaturation values, crystal growth rate is the highest when C/D=1 while at other positions its values are very close. Presented crystal growth rates for examined off-bottom clearances are afterward expressed as function of supersaturation (Table 1), according to the overall crystal growth rate equation: 𝐺 = 𝑘𝐺∆𝑐 𝑔 (3) where G is the overall linear crystal growth rate, kG presents the overall crystal growth rate constant and g is the order of crystal growth rate.
    keywords: clearance; crystal; crystallizer; flow; growth; impeller; rate; size
       cache: cet-2195.pdf
  plain text: cet-2195.txt

        item: #3688 of 7527
          id: cet-2196
      author: None
       title: cet-2196
        date: 2017-05-08
       words: 2920
      flesch: 44
     summary: 4. Mathematical model of crystallizer bottom part Considering the design of the crystallizer described above, it was assumed that the perfect mixing of the slurry occurs in the crystallizer bottom part and that the removed product stream (without the volume of the settling zone from which the fines stream flows out) is unclassified. 3. Mathematical model of crystallizer upper part.
    keywords: crystallization; crystallizer
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        item: #3689 of 7527
          id: cet-2197
      author: None
       title: cet-2197
        date: 2017-05-08
       words: 3256
      flesch: 51
     summary: A FE-SEM image of 10 % w/w BSA loaded liposomes is reported in Figure 4. 803 Figure 4: FESEM image obtained from 10 % w/w BSA loaded liposomes From Figure 4, it is possible to see that liposomes appear spherical with dimensions greatly smaller than the reference bar of 1 μm, confirming the granulometric data reported up. Increasing the lipidic concentration, liposomes mean diameters were not modified by higher water flow rates while they significantly increased at lower water flow rates.
    keywords: drug; fluorescein; liposomes; water
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        item: #3690 of 7527
          id: cet-2198
      author: None
       title: cet-2198
        date: 2017-05-08
       words: 2322
      flesch: 47
     summary: The main objective of the present work was to develop a method to quantify the influence of feed viscosity on atomization behavior in rotary disk spray dryer equipment. 1.2 Objective The main objective of the present work was to develop a method to quantify the influence of feed viscosity on atomization behavior in rotary disk spray dryer equipment.
    keywords: atomization; diameter; disk; drying; mass; spray
       cache: cet-2198.pdf
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        item: #3691 of 7527
          id: cet-2199
      author: None
       title: cet-2199
        date: 2017-05-18
       words: 4162
      flesch: 42
     summary: 3. Results and discussion A long list of interrelated parameters affecting the mixing/segregation behaviour of binary fluidized bed, including the size ratio, density ratio and the mass ratio of the bed components as well as the superficial gas velocity, makes its characterization particularly complex. The notable findings of this study were that: 1. the bed components’ density difference prevails over the size difference in determining the mixing/segregation behavior of binary fluidized bed; 2. if the dense particles are sufficiently small (Geldart A type) and in sufficiently low concentration (< 60 % by volume) to be incorporated in the interstices of a packed bed of the larger ones, then the coarse and less dense pieces of biomass (Geldart D type), upon fluidization, behave as jetsam; 3.
    keywords: bed; binary; biomass; density; fluidization; mixtures; particles; size
       cache: cet-2199.pdf
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        item: #3692 of 7527
          id: cet-220
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-220
        date: 2017-10-04
       words: 3209
      flesch: 58
     summary: The computational zones for investigating the effect of defects consist of several unit cells in Figure 1. Figure 1: The schematic diagram of a representative unit cell used in our calculation of the pillar array 0.1 1 10 100 0.1 1 10 k=0 h v i Complete V1×4 V1×5 V1×6 V1×7 0.1 1 10 100 1 10 Complete V1×4 V1×5 V1×6 V1×7 k=10 h v i (a) (b) Figure 2: The reduced plate heights for pillar arrays with complete unit cells and vacancy under (a) nonretentive conditions (k=0) and (b) retentive conditions (k=10) 1017 4.1 The effect of vacancy In this section, the effects of vacancy on separation performance are examined. 0.1 1 10 100 0.1 1 10 k=0 h v i Complete V4×4 V6×6 V8×8 V10×10 0.1 1 10 100 1 10 Complete V4×4 V6×6 V8×8 V10×10 k=10 h v i (a) (b) Figure 3: The reduced plate heights for pillar arrays with complete unit cells and vacancy under (a) nonretentive conditions (k=0) and (b) retentive conditions (k=10) 4.2
    keywords: conditions; pillar; plate; unit; vacancy
       cache: cet-220.pdf
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        item: #3693 of 7527
          id: cet-2200
      author: None
       title: cet-2200
        date: 2017-05-08
       words: 3221
      flesch: 60
     summary: This work is a starting point in the hydrodynamic study of draft tube conical spouted beds equipped with a solid retaining device developed by our research group. Minimum spouting velocities have been measured in draft tube conical spouted beds for different geometric factors of the contactor (γ), solid retaining device (DRS, HRS) and different static bed heights (H0).
    keywords: bed; device; diameter; draft; minimum; tube; velocity
       cache: cet-2200.pdf
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        item: #3694 of 7527
          id: cet-2201
      author: None
       title: cet-2201
        date: 2017-05-25
       words: 2647
      flesch: 58
     summary: In particular, it is shown that fine particles, including nanoparticles, can be quantitatively discharged as agglomerated particles and are effectively disintegrated owing to vibration shear flow. I.D.: 18 mm (a) In-phase (b) Anti-phase d d 1 mm 1 mm 826 Comparison between two photographs indicates that the agglomerated particles during anti-phase vibration are smaller than those during in-phase vibration, and the agglomerated particles are more effectively disintegrated owing to vibration shear flow.
    keywords: flow; gap; particles; phase; vibration
       cache: cet-2201.pdf
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        item: #3695 of 7527
          id: cet-2202
      author: None
       title: cet-2202
        date: 2017-05-08
       words: 3631
      flesch: 29
     summary: Figure 4: DP and Tout as function of regeneration time for 20%wt CuFe2O4 catalytic filter with unmodified porosity (blue bar) and 30%wt CuFe2O4 catalytic filter with modified porosity (orange bar) Figure 3: Behavior of pressure drop as function of soot deposition time for different catalytic filters with and without modified porosity The better filter performances in terms of deposition duration due to porosity modifying procedure are clearly evident: with the same active species loading (green and blue bars) the time needed to reach the limit value of DP (about 550 mbar, corresponding to a soot load of about 5 g/l of filter) increases from about 450 to about 750 min, so allowing a consequently decrease of the regeneration step frequency.
    keywords: catalyst; catalytic; dpf; filter; microwave; palma; regeneration; soot
       cache: cet-2202.pdf
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        item: #3696 of 7527
          id: cet-2203
      author: None
       title: cet-2203
        date: 2017-05-08
       words: 3223
      flesch: 47
     summary: In other cases, such as phase transitions and aggregation processes in supersaturated systems, a second mechanism of stabilizing the fractional composition becomes prevalent after the transition of the process to the diffusion- limited stage (Blackman and Marshall, 1994). Dairabay D.D., Brener A.M., Golubev V.G., 2016a, Kinetic equations of aggregation processes in disperse systems with allowance for age-dependent clusters properties, Chem.
    keywords: aggregation; brener; clusters; coagulation; composition; dispersion; particles; process
       cache: cet-2203.pdf
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        item: #3697 of 7527
          id: cet-2204
      author: None
       title: cet-2204
        date: 2017-05-08
       words: 3284
      flesch: 51
     summary: Class range was increased with higher particle diameters, for the number of particles was expected to decrease. Absolute values regarding particle size, quantity and size distribution were gathered by direct ascertainment within the product samples analysed.
    keywords: diameter; figure; gel; image; particle; resolution; size; viscose
       cache: cet-2204.pdf
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        item: #3698 of 7527
          id: cet-2205
      author: None
       title: cet-2205
        date: 2017-05-08
       words: 3470
      flesch: 56
     summary: A new device for retaining solids has been developed and the influence of geometric factors on the fountain height has been studied in draft tube conical spouted beds with materials of different density. Fountain height has been measured in draft tube conical spouted beds for different geometric factors of the contactor (, D0), solid retaining device (DRS, HRS) and material density (S).
    keywords: bed; beds; device; diameter; draft; fountain; height; tube
       cache: cet-2205.pdf
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        item: #3699 of 7527
          id: cet-2206
      author: None
       title: cet-2206
        date: 2017-05-08
       words: 3145
      flesch: 41
     summary: A variety of different flow structures was unveiled at increasing flow ratio. Water flow rate is 800 µl/min and ACN-to-water flow ratio is 0.0065.
    keywords: conditions; cross; flow; mixing; size; solvent; structure; water
       cache: cet-2206.pdf
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        item: #3700 of 7527
          id: cet-2207
      author: None
       title: cet-2207
        date: 2017-05-08
       words: 3269
      flesch: 63
     summary: This model will be use in future study for setting an optimal control system for rotary kiln. In the future, it is necessary to develop a control system for rotary kiln, which will reduce the time of unloading of actinide oxides from the kiln.
    keywords: kiln; oxides;  ;  
       cache: cet-2207.pdf
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        item: #3701 of 7527
          id: cet-2208
      author: None
       title: cet-2208
        date: 2017-05-08
       words: 3532
      flesch: 60
     summary: 0.24 1 proc sol sol sol proc in oven T V с T Т t Р t k (5) where ρsol is the density of the feed solution, csol is the specific heat of feed solution, 0.24 is thermal equivalent of work; Tin is the initial temperature of the feed solution, Tproc is the temperature of the feed solution in the microwave oven during the denitration process, procT k is the rate constant of the chemical reactions of denitration process. As reported in Figure 3, at time 1.6 h the solution temperature increases since the second stage of denitration process (300 – 350 °С).
    keywords: sol;  ;  
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        item: #3702 of 7527
          id: cet-2209
      author: None
       title: cet-2209
        date: 2017-05-08
       words: 4628
      flesch: 48
     summary: Table 2 lists the results of the quantitative analysis of the surface of the samples studied by XPS: (1) the source sample with the ratio of active catalyst ingredients Sn/Pt=5, (2) the catalyst after the reductive activation, and (3) after catalysis. The spectrometer energy scale was calibrated by the standard method using the following values of binding energies: Cu 2p3/2, 932.7 eV; Ag 3d5/2, 368.3; eV, and Au 4f7/2, 84.0 eV (Nava et al., 2007).
    keywords: al2o3; catalyst; deoxygenation; particles; platinum; ratio; size; surface; tin
       cache: cet-2209.pdf
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        item: #3703 of 7527
          id: cet-221
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-221
        date: 2017-10-04
       words: 3398
      flesch: 59
     summary: Because the structure of the moving granular bed filter is too complicated, in this article, a two-stage dust removal system was developed based on dual-layer granular bed filter, which consists of cyclone separator and fixed granular bed filter. Dust removal device, including cyclone separator and fixed granular bed filter, is a most important part of the system.
    keywords: bed; coal; cyclone; dust; efficiency; filter; gas; separator
       cache: cet-221.pdf
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        item: #3704 of 7527
          id: cet-2210
      author: None
       title: cet-2210
        date: 2017-05-08
       words: 3446
      flesch: 55
     summary: With the aim of producing a novel powdered chocolate beverage with enhanced instant solubility, we studied the effect of spray drying process on the components of the chocolate powder. 2.3 Powder characterization Powder recovery yield (%) after spray drying process was defined as the ratio of the mass of powder recovered from the cyclone to the solids originally presented in the feed solution.
    keywords: air; beverage; chocolate; drying; flow; powder; spray
       cache: cet-2210.pdf
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        item: #3705 of 7527
          id: cet-2211
      author: None
       title: cet-2211
        date: 2017-05-08
       words: 2111
      flesch: 53
     summary: The main focus of this research investigates the effect of Si/Al ratio, ZSM-5 crystal size and the effect of reducing activity through liquid phase silica deposition to decrease side reactions. 106-109, Epelde, E. et al., 2014, Modified HZSM-5 Zeolites for Intensifying Propylene Production in the Transformation of 1-Butene, Chemical Engineering Journal, Volume 251, pp. 80-91, Lin, L. et al., 2014, Acid Strength Controlled Reaction Pathways for the Catalytic Cracking of 1-Butene to Propene over ZSM-5, Journal of Catalysis, Volume 309, pp. 136-145, Miyaji, A. et al., 2013, Selective Production of Ethylene and Propylene via Monomolecular Cracking of Pentene Over Proton-exchanged Zeolites:
    keywords: crystal; effect; selectivity
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        item: #3706 of 7527
          id: cet-2212
      author: None
       title: cet-2212
        date: 2017-05-08
       words: 3239
      flesch: 45
     summary: 4. Conclusions A set of metal oxide catalysts prepared by different methods were tested for the toluene oxidation reaction and compared to well-known commercial Pt-Al2O3 catalyst. 2. Experimental 2.1 Catalyst synthesis and characterization The powder MnOx and mixed MnFe oxide based catalysts were synthesized by the (co)precipitation method, starting with aqueous solutions of the transitional metal nitrates (e.g. Mn(NO3)2·4H2O, Fe(NO3)3·9H2O) using modified procedure described previously in the literature (Morales et al., 2006).
    keywords: catalyst; metal; mnfe; model; oxidation; oxides; reaction; temperature; toluene
       cache: cet-2212.pdf
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        item: #3707 of 7527
          id: cet-2213
      author: None
       title: cet-2213
        date: 2017-05-08
       words: 3544
      flesch: 55
     summary: Figure 1: Graph showing percent phenol degradation at different phenol concentrations Figure 2: Graph showing percent phenol degradation at different Cr(VI) concentrations Table 5: Phenol analysis control without UV light (catalysis) Phenol set at 20 mg/L while varying Chromium concentrations The second set of experiments were run, by keeping phenol concentration constant at 20 mg/L, to confirm the results that were obtained in the first set so as to be able to come to a firm conclusion.
    keywords: chromium; cr(vi; phenol
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        item: #3708 of 7527
          id: cet-2214
      author: None
       title: cet-2214
        date: 2017-05-08
       words: 4469
      flesch: 49
     summary: As for the shape of the reduction profiles of supported NiAl catalysts, these were very similar to the trace of bulk NiAl. For both supported NiAl catalysts, as well as for the bulk NiAl sample, the XPS curves of the Ni 2p3/2 region were composed of two contributions; the principal peak attributed to nickel species and its satellite.
    keywords: catalysts; ceo2; ceria; g-1; methane; nial; nickel; reforming
       cache: cet-2214.pdf
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        item: #3709 of 7527
          id: cet-2215
      author: None
       title: cet-2215
        date: 2017-05-08
       words: 3116
      flesch: 60
     summary: Characterisation of ZSM-5 catalysts used in this study Sample ID Crystal size (µm) Number of silica modification This result compares favourably with literature where (Ali et al., 2013) tested ZSM-5 catalyst silylated three times with TEOS and reported that at a toluene conversion around 10 % and p-xylene selectivity of 50 % with the yield of about 2 %.
    keywords: conversion; crystal; selectivity; toluene; xylene
       cache: cet-2215.pdf
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        item: #3710 of 7527
          id: cet-2216
      author: None
       title: cet-2216
        date: 2017-05-08
       words: 3540
      flesch: 53
     summary: DOI: 10.3303/CET1757153 Please cite this article as: Andrade T., Errico M., Christensen K., 2017, Castor oil transesterification catalyzed by liquid enzymes: feasibility of reuse under various reaction conditions, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 57, 913-918 DOI: 10.3303/CET1757153 913 Transesterification reactions are conventionally acid or alkali catalyzed, leading to high conversion rates achieved in a short reaction time at low process costs. Liquid enzymes are within an aqueous solution where stabilizers are usually added to prevent enzyme denaturation.
    keywords: batch; biodiesel; enzymes; fame; oil; production; reaction; reuse
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        item: #3711 of 7527
          id: cet-2217
      author: None
       title: cet-2217
        date: 2017-05-08
       words: 3431
      flesch: 58
     summary: This paper presents an overview of recent research carried out by the authors on the development and analysis of mathematical models describing hydrogen production in membrane reactors. In the present work a procedure for a “first approximation” design of membrane reactors using a simplified model is described.
    keywords: hydrogen; membrane; pressure; transport
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        item: #3712 of 7527
          id: cet-2218
      author: None
       title: cet-2218
        date: 2017-05-08
       words: 2243
      flesch: 51
     summary: Plant sections may be summarized as follows: - Photobioreactor section: photobioreactor pipes are made of horizontal transparent pipes exposed to sunlight (outdoor system). An additional digital pressure gauge is installed at the top of Air-Lift, and a CO2 sensor/transmitter (Mettler Toledo ISM INPRO 5000i), is installed near PBR inlet section.
    keywords: air; figure; lift; liquid; microalgae; pilot; plant; section
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        item: #3713 of 7527
          id: cet-2219
      author: None
       title: cet-2219
        date: 2017-05-08
       words: 3778
      flesch: 49
     summary: A new approach was hence followed in this work, using trans,trans muconic acid (simply referred as MA) as starting substrate. Frost, J. W., Miermont, A., Schweitzer, D. and Bui, V. (2013) ‘Preparation of trans, trans muconic acid and trans, trans muconates’.
    keywords: acid; adipic; catalyst; cis; hydrogenation; intermediate; kinetic; model; muconic; reaction; trans
       cache: cet-2219.pdf
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        item: #3714 of 7527
          id: cet-222
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-222
        date: 2017-10-04
       words: 3069
      flesch: 54
     summary: The increased combustion temperature can significantly improve gas turbine cycle efficiency. A thermodynamic cycle analysis tool capable to calculate the performance of gas turbines cycles with and without the inclusion of the effects of cooling air flow rates is developed.
    keywords: blade; cooling; cycle; efficiency; gas; recuperative; temperature; turbine
       cache: cet-222.pdf
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        item: #3715 of 7527
          id: cet-2220
      author: None
       title: cet-2220
        date: 2017-05-08
       words: 3248
      flesch: 53
     summary: Silo (SAA) was sealed with low argon flow (although it is expensive, the amount used was small) to prevent reactor gases flow into the silo. 4) In the steam reforming reactor, to raise gas and tar temperature, allowing the catalyst activation (T = 800 °C). 5)
    keywords: bagasse; gases; gasification; plant; process; reactor; tar; temperature; water
       cache: cet-2220.pdf
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        item: #3716 of 7527
          id: cet-2221
      author: None
       title: cet-2221
        date: 2017-05-08
       words: 2820
      flesch: 62
     summary: Disproportionation and transalkylation of alkylbenzenes over zeolite catalysts. Dealuminating zeolite Y from Si/Al = 2.6 to Si/Al = 6 improves the overall conversion while further dealumination makes little difference to the conversion.
    keywords: beta; selectivity; toluene; zeolites
       cache: cet-2221.pdf
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        item: #3717 of 7527
          id: cet-2222
      author: None
       title: cet-2222
        date: 2017-05-08
       words: 3575
      flesch: 48
     summary: Consequently, especial attention has been paid to the effect of the CO2/COX ratio in the feed not only over the reaction indexes, but also on the coke content (in the succeeding Section 3.4), responsible for catalyst deactivation. Nowadays the direct synthesis of DME using bifunctional catalysts (STD process) is preferred over the conventional two-step process, due to the lower thermodynamic limitations and economical features (Ateka et al., 2016a), the process involves the reactions described in Eqs.
    keywords: catalyst; co2; coke; cox; dme; feed; ratio; reaction
       cache: cet-2222.pdf
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        item: #3718 of 7527
          id: cet-2223
      author: None
       title: cet-2223
        date: 2017-05-08
       words: 4234
      flesch: 51
     summary: Correspondingly, the yield of hydrogen, Y(H2), decreased from 0.49 to 0.30 for Ni catalyst and from 0.50 to 0.44 for Rh catalyst. Vivanpatarakij S., Rulerk D., Assabumrungrat S., 2014, Removal of tar from biomass gasification process by steam reforming over nickel catalysts, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 37, 205-210, DOI: 10.3303/CET1437035 Westrich T.A., Chen X., Schwank J.W., 2010, Isooctane decomposition and carbon deposition over ceria- zirconia supported nickel catalysts, Appl.
    keywords: al2o3; catalyst; nickel; oxidation; pox; reforming
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        item: #3719 of 7527
          id: cet-2224
      author: None
       title: cet-2224
        date: 2017-05-08
       words: 3234
      flesch: 46
     summary: Figure 4: XRD spectra of (a) the untreated Hastelloy and (b) the oxidation pretreated Hastelloy Figure 5: Effect of oxidation pretreatment temperature on methanol conversion after an hour reaction (pretreatment time = 2 h) 3.3 Effect of oxidation pretreatment temperature In the previous sections, the oxidation pretreatment successfully activated the catalytic performance of Hastelloy by the increase of surface area and the presence of promoters on the surface. Figure 6: Effect of oxidation pretreatment temperature on selectivity of (a) CO2 and (b) CH4 after an hour reaction (pretreatment time = 2 h)
    keywords: activity; figure; hastelloy; oxidation; pretreatment; reforming; surface; temperature
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        item: #3720 of 7527
          id: cet-2225
      author: None
       title: cet-2225
        date: 2017-05-08
       words: 3415
      flesch: 44
     summary: Pt based catalyst supported on ceria nanoparticles obtained through a supercritical antisolvent process was prepared and the catalytic performances were compared with a catalyst prepared using commercial ceria nanoparticles. 4. Conclusions In this work, we demonstrated that it was possible to obtain ceria nanoparticles, characterized by very good performances as catalyst support.
    keywords: catalysts; ceo2; nanoparticles; process; reaction; sas; shift; temperature
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        item: #3721 of 7527
          id: cet-2226
      author: None
       title: cet-2226
        date: 2017-05-08
       words: 3400
      flesch: 41
     summary: Thus, the problem of finding efficient criteria to design and operate batch processes in safe and profitable fashion (“to design” means “to select the most suitable recipe” in this context) remains important and relevant to safe operation. This said, it is important to point out that safety diagrams are still the state-of-the-art approach used to design batch processes, as recent contributions confirm (Casson et al., 2012).
    keywords: batch; bmbo&rp; bsmbo&c; control; model; process; runaways; uncertainty
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        item: #3722 of 7527
          id: cet-2227
      author: None
       title: cet-2227
        date: 2017-05-08
       words: 4067
      flesch: 44
     summary: This paper reveals a conservative and yet credible approach to optimizing well pad designs, waste water recycle structures and supply chain networks, while minimizing shale gas re-stimulation costs. Gas desorption contributes significantly to the flow of shale gas through the pore system as pressure depletion occurs.
    keywords: chain; fracturing; gas; model; optimization; pad; reservoir; shale; stimulation; supply; wells
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        item: #3723 of 7527
          id: cet-2228
      author: None
       title: cet-2228
        date: 2017-05-08
       words: 3868
      flesch: 55
     summary: In this paper a comparison among different control schemes, frequently implemented in industrial processes is presented. Figure 2: Representation of plant control schemes.
    keywords: control; flow; process
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        item: #3724 of 7527
          id: cet-2229
      author: None
       title: cet-2229
        date: 2017-05-08
       words: 2834
      flesch: 54
     summary: 𝐶𝐼 = ∑ 𝐶𝑖 (1+𝑟)𝑇𝑖 𝑁 𝑖=1 (2) 𝐶𝑅 = ∑ 𝐶𝑟𝑃𝑅𝑖 (1+𝑟)𝑇𝑖 𝑁 𝑖=1 (3) 𝐶𝐹 = ∑ 𝐶𝑓 (𝑃𝐹𝑖 −𝑃𝐹𝑖−1) (1+𝑟)𝑇𝑖 𝑁+1 𝑖=1 (4) where N, r, Ti, Ci, Cr, Cf, PR, and PF are respectively the number of inspections, interest rate, time of i th inspection, inspection cost factor, replacement cost factor, failure cost factor, replacement probability, and failure probability. The three types of variable shown in Table 2 are adjusted as decision variables to determine the cost of the optimally planned refinery process: pipe selection (initial wall thickness), number of inspections, and inspection time.
    keywords: case; corrosion; cost; failure; inspection; pipe; replacement; time
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        item: #3725 of 7527
          id: cet-223
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-223
        date: 2017-10-04
       words: 3444
      flesch: 33
     summary: For such applications the integration of heat exchangers in recuperative gas turbines configurations provides a promising technology concept through which both fuel consumption and pollutants emissions can be reduced. At the next step a 0-D thermodynamic cycle model of the heli engine was set in GasTurb 11 gas turbine analysis software, presented in Figure 5, in which the previously derived operational characteristics of the designed heat exchanger (i.e. inner/outer pressure losses and heat exchanger effectiveness) were incorporated together with the cycle components main parameter (e.g. compressor and turbines efficiencies etc.) and a performance analysis was performed.
    keywords: engine; exchanger; gas; heat; heat exchanger; heli; heli engine; pressure; turbine
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        item: #3726 of 7527
          id: cet-2230
      author: None
       title: cet-2230
        date: 2017-05-08
       words: 3486
      flesch: 45
     summary: DRPE is a technique providing an optimal adjustment of measurement values of plant data and consistent estimation of observable unmeasured variables satisfying the model constraints. 4.1 Optimum parameters The optimum kinetic parameters of RF reactor and catalytic converters that were re-estimated using plant data are presented in Table 2.
    keywords: data; drpe; model; parameters; process; values
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        item: #3727 of 7527
          id: cet-2231
      author: None
       title: cet-2231
        date: 2017-05-08
       words: 2613
      flesch: 50
     summary: Formulation includes optimal control, stochastic control, and process control with delay time, multivariable control reference trajectory and constraints. In spite of that, implanted process control techniques in CFD sources are still limited.
    keywords: control; controllers; model; performance; pid; point; process; serial; set
       cache: cet-2231.pdf
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        item: #3728 of 7527
          id: cet-2232
      author: None
       title: cet-2232
        date: 2017-05-08
       words: 3260
      flesch: 41
     summary: Two techniques from the artificial intelligence field were used: artificial neural networks (ANN) and neuro-fuzzy (ANFIS). Artificial neural network (ANN) is a way to model information from process, which is inspired by the biological nervous system (brain).
    keywords: anfis; ann; biosurfactant; concentration; data; figure; model; network; neural; production; training
       cache: cet-2232.pdf
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        item: #3729 of 7527
          id: cet-2233
      author: None
       title: cet-2233
        date: 2017-05-08
       words: 3472
      flesch: 36
     summary: Dynamic model, following a field data tuning phase, was used to evaluate the behavior of the compressor system during the sharp start- up ramp and to validate the Compressor’s vendor design for the control system. Recondenser and vaporizers were not currently included even if dynamic models for these sections have been developed separately for other projects.
    keywords: case; compressor; control; design; liquid; lng; model; operating; start
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        item: #3730 of 7527
          id: cet-2234
      author: None
       title: cet-2234
        date: 2017-05-08
       words: 3746
      flesch: 45
     summary: In order to take advantage of a shared memory parallelism during code execution, an obvious way seems to evaluate simultaneously all the nodes at the same level during the tree traversal process. For today’s multi-physics simulations, several codes, each one devoted to a physical modeling, collaborate for simulating systems.
    keywords: chemical; code; computing; end; expression; omp; parallel; simulation; task
       cache: cet-2234.pdf
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        item: #3731 of 7527
          id: cet-2235
      author: None
       title: cet-2235
        date: 2017-05-08
       words: 3307
      flesch: 44
     summary: The exothermic oxidation reaction (R1) releases a relevant amount of heat, thus increasing bed temperature and two “fronts” (a reaction one and a thermal one) propagate through the packed-bed reactor with different velocities (Noorman et al., 2007). Different reactor typologies and layouts have been proposed for CLC: among them, packed-bed reactors are currently under the spotlight since they can be more easily operated at high pressure with respect to fluidized bed reactors and, moreover, there is no need for a gas/solid separation step in order to ensure that no fines are sent to the downstream gas turbine.
    keywords: bed; chemical; figure; gas; phase; reactor; temperature
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        item: #3732 of 7527
          id: cet-2236
      author: None
       title: cet-2236
        date: 2017-05-08
       words: 3810
      flesch: 49
     summary: These results validate the 𝐷𝑗 MLR models expressed by Eq(6) and Eq(7) for the characterization of NP equilibrium distribution in L-L systems representative of Bz nitration. Predictive MLR models based on equilibrium data were developed for 𝐷𝑗 exhibiting good fit and prediction capabilities (𝑅2, 𝑅Adj 2 and 𝑅Pred 2 > 0.900).
    keywords: distribution; models; 𝑅adj; 𝑅pred
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        item: #3733 of 7527
          id: cet-2237
      author: None
       title: cet-2237
        date: 2017-05-08
       words: 2944
      flesch: 47
     summary: With a greening electricity grid, heat pumps represent an effective technology to reduce process heat emissions. As a result, numerous types of heat pumps integrated with convective dryers have been reported in the literature, but no study was found to use a hybrid heat pump.
    keywords: air; dryer; evaporator; heat; inlet; pinch; process; pump; temperature
       cache: cet-2237.pdf
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        item: #3734 of 7527
          id: cet-2238
      author: None
       title: cet-2238
        date: 2017-05-08
       words: 3299
      flesch: 56
     summary: The progress in water gas shift and steam reforming hydrogen production technologies - A review. Operation # Name Function 1 Gasification Partially oxidizes biomass to generate producer gas and bio-char
    keywords: bio; biomass; char; gas; gasification; methanol; reforming; section; synthesis
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        item: #3735 of 7527
          id: cet-2239
      author: None
       title: cet-2239
        date: 2017-05-08
       words: 3166
      flesch: 64
     summary: Santacesaria E., Tesser R., Di Serio M., Turco R., Russo V., Verde D.,2011, “A biphasic model describing soybean oil epoxidation with H2O2 in a fed-batch reactor,” Chem. In this work, the epoxidation of soybean oil is carried using hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) 32wt.% and acetic acid instead of the commonly used H2O2 at 60wt.% and formic acid to reduce the risk of detonation and corrosion.
    keywords: acid; epoxidation; oil; process; sample; sulfuric
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        item: #3736 of 7527
          id: cet-224
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-224
        date: 2017-10-04
       words: 3750
      flesch: 43
     summary: The paper presents a performance and accuracy comparison between a front tracking algorithm and well-known interface capturing methods – the enthalpy and apparent heat capacity methods. Results obtained by the front tracking algorithm are compared to numerical results acquired with the use of the enthalpy and apparent heat capacity methods.
    keywords: capacity; enthalpy; heat; interface; methods; phase; results; temperature; tracking
       cache: cet-224.pdf
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        item: #3737 of 7527
          id: cet-2240
      author: None
       title: cet-2240
        date: 2017-05-08
       words: 2422
      flesch: 50
     summary: The objective of this work is the simplified simulation of an adsorption column for separation of ethanol-water mixture to evaluate the reliability of GAMS software to simulate the adsorption process. The present results were compared with EMSO software results using the same adsorption model removed from the work of SIMO et.
    keywords: adsorption; column; gams; process; software; ∂ ∂
       cache: cet-2240.pdf
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        item: #3738 of 7527
          id: cet-2241
      author: None
       title: cet-2241
        date: 2017-05-08
       words: 2890
      flesch: 51
     summary: First, simulations on the model without the Homotopy Continuation method were developed to validate such model; then, these results found were compared with those obtained from AspenPlus® V.7.3 simulator. Conclusions The robustness of the model of conventional distillation and extractive distillation was improved by Homotopy Continuation method because the convergence was accomplished even with poor initial conditions.
    keywords: distillation; emso; ethanol; method; process; simulation; stream
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        item: #3739 of 7527
          id: cet-2242
      author: None
       title: cet-2242
        date: 2017-05-08
       words: 3864
      flesch: 49
     summary: DOI: 10.3303/CET1757179 Please cite this article as: Ramirez C.X., Torres J.E., Palacio Lozano D.C., Arenas-Diaz J.P., Mejia-Ospino E., Kafarov V., Guzman A., 2017, Molecular representation of molecular distillation cuts of vacuum residue by spectrometry ultra-high resolution and conventional analytic, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 57, 1069-1074 DOI: 10.3303/CET1757179 1069 mailto:claudia.ramirez2@correo.uis.edu.co Due heavy oils have molecules of high molecular mass and low volatility, new highly efficient methods for the separation of these type complex feeds has been investigated, developed and represented. Conclusions As result, a set of 200 molecules that mimics the properties of molecular distillation cuts of Colombian VR with an average error between the calculated and experimental properties no greater than 5% was obtained.
    keywords: class; cuts; icr; molecules; number; properties; set; vr1
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        item: #3740 of 7527
          id: cet-2243
      author: None
       title: cet-2243
        date: 2017-05-08
       words: 3125
      flesch: 48
     summary: A number of studies (Edreder et al., 2009) discussed optimal design and operation polices of batch distillation column under fixed product demand scenario and strict purity considerations. The product DOI: 10.3303/CET1757180 Please cite this article as: Aqar D., Rahmanian N., Mujtaba I.M., 2017, Significant profitability improvement for methyl decanoate production using different types of batch distillation columns, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 57, 1075-1080 DOI: 10.3303/CET1757180 1075 amount and its purity are used as constraints and the reflux ratios, and methanol recycle rate (only for the i- CBD) and methanol feed rate (for the SBD system) are optimized.
    keywords: batch; cbd; column; medc; product; purity; rate; sbd; time
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        item: #3741 of 7527
          id: cet-2244
      author: None
       title: cet-2244
        date: 2017-05-08
       words: 2930
      flesch: 47
     summary: The proposed methodology utilizes the benefits of combining cooling and antisolvent flow rate as manipulated inputs, and a novel stochastic model to describe the time evolution of particle characteristics enables the design of model based controllers and off-line determination of optimal trajectories. In this contribution, different model based feedback control strategies were applied and compared to achieve a specific particle size distribution in the crystallization of sodium chloride in water using ethanol as antisolvent.
    keywords: antisolvent; control; controller; crystallization; csd; model; size
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        item: #3742 of 7527
          id: cet-2245
      author: None
       title: cet-2245
        date: 2017-05-08
       words: 3173
      flesch: 55
     summary: The development of membrane processes as a technology for environmental treatment applications and in particular for the purification of wastewater streams has significantly increased in the last decades. Finally, the paper will merge all elements together, and report about the optimal design of membrane processes equipped with the advanced membrane process control system; validation of the proposed approach will be based on the use of a custom simulation model in ASPEN HYSYS and by experiments on lab scale.
    keywords: case; control; flux; fouling; membrane; process; system
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        item: #3743 of 7527
          id: cet-2246
      author: None
       title: cet-2246
        date: 2017-05-08
       words: 3010
      flesch: 59
     summary: Figure 2: Block diagram of proposed MPC controllers. Huang et al. (2009) demonstrate the use of recursive observers to correct and stabilize MPC controllers.
    keywords: control; controller; figure; level; model; mpc; offset; tank
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        item: #3744 of 7527
          id: cet-2247
      author: None
       title: cet-2247
        date: 2017-05-08
       words: 3072
      flesch: 43
     summary: When such technologies will become mature and available on the market, a real-time control of viscosity curve could be implemented in production plants in order to maintain the rheological properties of the product inside the specific range. Assuming that only one manipulated variable is available, a one-point PI controller is DOI: 10.3303/CET1757184 Please cite this article as: Mei R., Grosso M., Tronci S., Baratti R., Corominas F., 2017, Real-time control of viscosity curve for a continuous production process of a non-newtonian fluid, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 57, 1099-1104 DOI: 10.3303/CET1757184 1099 applied to the simulated process considering the viscosity at different shear rate values as controlled output.
    keywords: control; curve; flow; line; process; rate; shear; viscosity
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        item: #3745 of 7527
          id: cet-2248
      author: None
       title: cet-2248
        date: 2017-05-08
       words: 3016
      flesch: 44
     summary: Figure 2: Simulation results of the optimal trajectories considering conversion, weight average molar mass, molar mass distribution and cost function in the objective function for reducing the total amount of monomer 1109 This is extremely an important advantage since variation in weight average molar mass even at the start of the reaction would affect the final molar mass distribution and the product quality.
    keywords: control; mass; model; molar; monomer; polymerization
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        item: #3746 of 7527
          id: cet-2249
      author: None
       title: cet-2249
        date: 2017-05-08
       words: 2876
      flesch: 52
     summary: This paper aims to present an alternative method of modeling Chlorine decay in water distribution systems. This paper aims to introduce an alternative methodology that can be used on AQUASIM to predict the movement of water constituents, i.e. Chlorine, in water distribution systems.
    keywords: chlorine; distribution; equation; pipeline; segments; water
       cache: cet-2249.pdf
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        item: #3747 of 7527
          id: cet-225
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-225
        date: 2017-10-04
       words: 2912
      flesch: 55
     summary: 3. Case study In this study, GPR is used to construct JITL based soft sensors for its advantages of less parameters, easily optimizing and modelling uncertainty (Rasmussen and Williams, 2006). The study of Saptoro (2014) gives few variants of distance based similarity criterions: Eucledian distance based, weighted Eucledian distance based and Mahalanobis distance based.
    keywords: criterion; data; distance; jitl; process; samples; sensor; similarity
       cache: cet-225.pdf
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        item: #3748 of 7527
          id: cet-2250
      author: None
       title: cet-2250
        date: 2017-05-08
       words: 3395
      flesch: 61
     summary: This confirms that heat capacity of the reactor is not negligible. This procedure is repeated for different values of thermal power, 20, 25 and 35W. Only one test and its fitting is reported in Figure 3.
    keywords: capacity; heat; power; reactor; 𝑇𝑗𝑎𝑐𝑘𝑒𝑡
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        item: #3749 of 7527
          id: cet-2251
      author: None
       title: cet-2251
        date: 2017-05-08
       words: 2671
      flesch: 43
     summary: Analyzing the predicted averaged values of interfacial heat transfer rate between liquid ethanol and biodiesel (Sh,el = Qel-ev + Qel-b) for the cases 13 (E:B molar ratio = 2), 15 (E:B molar ratio = 6.5) and 14 (E:B molar ratio = 11), the results were respectively, 1.26 x 10-7 W m-3, -6.22 x 10-6 W m-3 and -5.25 The biodiesel evaporation was neglected based on the biodiesel saturation temperature (340 ºC – 375 ºC, Goodrum, 2002), since it is well above the highest evaluated operating temperature of 120 ºC. Therefore, the mass sources considered were: Sm,ve = mvap, Sm,le = - mvap, Sm,b = 0, where mvap is the ethanol evaporation rate (kg m -3 s-1), modeled in accordance with Equation 7.     khkkkkkkk STHU ,  (2) where H is the specific enthalpy (J kg-1), λ is the thermal conductivity (W m-1 K-1), T is the thermodynamic temperature (K), Sh represents extra sources of interfacial heat transfer:
    keywords: biodiesel; ethanol; evaporation; flow; heat; liquid; molar; rate; temperature
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        item: #3750 of 7527
          id: cet-2252
      author: None
       title: cet-2252
        date: 2017-05-08
       words: 4826
      flesch: 55
     summary: Indeed, for high gas flow rates the amount of solvent to be used to meet the desired specification on the outlet gas may be too high and not suitable to ensure a counter- current flow and with reinjection purposes. The removal of CO2 is also possible, although at high gas throughputs the liquid flow rate required to reduce its content to the desired value may be not compatible with the one that can be reinjected into the reservoir.
    keywords: acid; co2; flow; gas; h2s; liquid; phase; pressure; removal; water
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        item: #3751 of 7527
          id: cet-2253
      author: None
       title: cet-2253
        date: 2017-05-08
       words: 3726
      flesch: 56
     summary: 2.2 Solvent extraction experiment The aqueous solution was prepared by dissolving 10 mmol/L of metal solution in various concentrations of hydrochloric acid. The concentration of the metals in the aqueous phase was then measured using ICP-AES (ICPS-8000) and the percentage of metal stripping was calculated using Eq (2).
    keywords: aliquat; cyphos; extraction; iii; metal; solution; stripping
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        item: #3752 of 7527
          id: cet-2254
      author: None
       title: cet-2254
        date: 2017-05-08
       words: 3955
      flesch: 57
     summary: The coal-derived fuel is pre-treated before combustion for power production, both for H2S and for CO2 removal. Moioli, S., Pellegrini, L.A., 2015b, Physical properties of PZ solution used as a solvent for CO2 removal, Chem.
    keywords: co2; h2s; plant; recycle; removal; section; stream
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        item: #3753 of 7527
          id: cet-2255
      author: None
       title: cet-2255
        date: 2017-05-08
       words: 2963
      flesch: 46
     summary: In previous studies (Puccini et al., 2013), the authors synthesized Li4SiO4 powders by solid state reaction and precipitation method obtaining sorbents with high CO2 sorption capacities. Powder X-ray diffraction (XRD) characterization of Li4SiO4 samples was conducted using a PANalytical X’Pert PRO XRPD X-ray diffractometer with 1.8 kW sealed X-ray tube source, using a Cu target, and a vertical circle theta: theta goniometer with a radius of 240mm.
    keywords: co2; gel; li4sio4; lithium; nanoparticles; sample; sol; temperature
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        item: #3754 of 7527
          id: cet-2256
      author: None
       title: cet-2256
        date: 2017-05-08
       words: 2722
      flesch: 52
     summary: Supported ionic liquid membranes (SILMs) can be a promising option to separate and purify lignin. Supported ionic liquid membranes can be a promising option to separate and purify lignocellulosic components.
    keywords: lignin; silms
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        item: #3755 of 7527
          id: cet-2257
      author: None
       title: cet-2257
        date: 2017-05-08
       words: 3328
      flesch: 47
     summary: W/AA mixtures are a side stream of the therephthalic acid production process. The aim of the present work is to find the most economical solution among the several proposed in literature for the distillation of W/AA mixtures through process simulation with PRO/II 9.3 (static simulation software) and an economic comparison.
    keywords: acetate; acid; chemical; column; cost; distillation; engineering; entrainer; stream; water
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        item: #3756 of 7527
          id: cet-2258
      author: None
       title: cet-2258
        date: 2017-05-08
       words: 3356
      flesch: 49
     summary: In this work, we provide information at molecular level on the mechanism of CO2 adsorption in Cu-BTC, through “in situ” quantitative spectroscopic investigation at various temperature, and CO2 pressure. Since the most expected positions are probably connected to long-range interactions between specific atoms in MOF and atoms of CO2 molecules, we choose to adopt an all-atoms level of detail.
    keywords: adsorption; btc; co2; gas; line; simulations; temperature
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        item: #3757 of 7527
          id: cet-2259
      author: None
       title: cet-2259
        date: 2017-05-08
       words: 3565
      flesch: 58
     summary: Membrane processes appear to be suitable to purify aqueous wastewater streams polluted by organic matter such as OMW, but suffer severe fouling. The reason for this is that fouling on membranes does not only lead to sensible investment losses, due to the need of a premature module substitution, but also gives rise to unexpected increases of investment costs during the development and design of membrane plants: therefore, engineers tend to design membrane processes with an excessive oversized capacity, up to 35% (Environmental Protection Agency, 2005).
    keywords: flux; membrane; omw2; omw3; stoller; wastewater
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        item: #3758 of 7527
          id: cet-226
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-226
        date: 2017-10-04
       words: 3953
      flesch: 46
     summary: DOI: 10.3303/CET1761173 Please cite this article as: Lim L.Y., Bong C.P.C., Lee C.T., Klemeš J.J., Sarmidi M.R., Lim J.S., 2017, Review on the current composting practices and the potential of improvement using two-stage composting, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 61, 1051-1056 DOI:10.3303/CET1761173 1051 The three common types of composting systems include windrow, aerated static pile and in-vessel. 1053 Table 2: The economy and environmental impact of conventional composting system Composting Windrow ASP In-Vessel Capital cost Low site construction purchase of turner or tractor and screener setting up of conveyance facilities, screening and baggers Medium  site construction  purchase of tractor and screener
    keywords: asp; composting; process; quality; stage; system; time; vessel; waste; windrow
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        item: #3759 of 7527
          id: cet-2260
      author: None
       title: cet-2260
        date: 2017-05-08
       words: 4159
      flesch: 52
     summary: However, the output that a membrane may offer when it is virgin and readily used will change in time due to membrane fouling. In this sense, OMW contains high concentrations of a wide range of solutes in the form of suspended solids and colloidal particles which can tend to cause membrane fouling, such as organic pollutants comprising phenolic compounds, organic acids, tannins and organohalogenated contaminants, as well as inorganic matter.
    keywords: bar; flux; fouling; membrane; ochando; operating; permeate; pressure; resistance; water
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        item: #3760 of 7527
          id: cet-2261
      author: None
       title: cet-2261
        date: 2017-05-08
       words: 2823
      flesch: 51
     summary: Conventional treatment technologies have been used for decades for the removal of toxic heavy metals but these technologies seem to operate relatively well for effluents containing higher metal concentrations ≥ 100 mg/L (Aziz, et al., 2008). Some adsorbents from literature were compared with tested algal species for sorption capacity, the latter showed a significantly higher max q than former for Tl adsorption but only Chlorella vulgaris showed highest max q for Cd adsorption, Table 3. a)
    keywords: adsorption; chlorella; removal; vulgaris
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        item: #3761 of 7527
          id: cet-2262
      author: None
       title: cet-2262
        date: 2017-05-08
       words: 2702
      flesch: 52
     summary: The water obtained results close to drinking water required by Brazilian regulation, indicating that MO seed could be an alternative for water treatment providing water for small communities. Although this work showed that there is an inherent MO solution color, it showed high turbidity removal (94.9%) and color removal (92.5%) with the best dosage of 20 mg L-1.In this way, this work has shown the efficiency of natural coagulant MO for removing color and turbidity of water, obtaining values very close to drinking water.
    keywords: coagulant; color; removal; results; sulphate; turbidity; water
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        item: #3762 of 7527
          id: cet-2263
      author: None
       title: cet-2263
        date: 2017-05-08
       words: 3837
      flesch: 48
     summary: Surface water Surface water MO+water MO+KCl Aparent color (Hu) 3214 4 99.87 Nd 100.0 Nd 100.0 Turbidity (NTU) 550 0.70 99.87 0.3 99.94 0,2 99.96 UV-254 nm (cm-1) 2.064 Nd 100.00 0.02 99.03 0,04 98.06 pH 7.52 6.99 - 6.75 - 6,76 - Total Coliforms (CFU/mL) 10230 Nd 99.99 Nd 99.99 Nd 99.99 E. coli (CFU/mL) 6.980 Nd 99.99 Nd 99.99 Nd 99.99 Total Suspended solids (TSS) mg/L 310.7 40 87.12 62.67 79.83 40,0 87.12 Total dissolved solids (TDS) mg/L 273.3 24 91.22 46.60 82.95 66,0 75.85 Chemical oxygen demand (COD) (mgO2L -1) 20.36 0.60 97.05 2.14 89.49 0.97 Surface water Surface water MO+water MO+KCl Aparent color (Hu) 3214 Nd 100.00 Nd 100.00 Nd 100.00 Turbidity (NTU) 550 0.5 99.91 0.51 99.90 0.27 99.95
    keywords: bar; cfu; mo+kcl; mo+water; process; removal; surface; water
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        item: #3763 of 7527
          id: cet-2264
      author: None
       title: cet-2264
        date: 2017-05-08
       words: 2664
      flesch: 42
     summary: It is observed that the ranges of values were adequately chosen allowing the generation of maximum points (oil separation efficiency of 80% without use and 98% using the adapter). Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology, 163, 540-546, DOI: 10.1007/s12010-010-9060-7. Rocha e Silva, F. C. P., Rocha e Silva, N. M. P., Moura, A.E., Galdino, R.A.; Luna, J.M.; Rufino, R.D.; Santos, V.A.; Sarubbo, L.A., 2015, Effect of biosurfactant addition in a pilot scale dissolved air flotation system, Separation Science and Technology, 50, 618-625, DOI: 10.1080/01496395.2014.957319.
    keywords: adapter; air; microbubbles; oil; pump; separation; system; water
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        item: #3764 of 7527
          id: cet-2265
      author: None
       title: cet-2265
        date: 2017-05-08
       words: 3540
      flesch: 54
     summary: The response of the column to the injection is measured as concentration vs. time at the exit (Harlick and Tezel, 2000), which is defined as residence time distribution function, RTD (Mun et al., 2003) as       0 dttc tc )t(E (4) 0 5 10 15 20 25 0.00 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.10 0.12 E (t ) t (min) Experimental (1.5 ml/min) Logistic (1.5 ml/min) Experimental (2.5 ml/min) Normal (2.5 ml/min) Figure 1: Chromatograms for NaCl 0 6 12 18 24 30 36 42 0.000 0.004 0.008 0.012 0.016 0.020 0.024 0.028 0.032 E (t ) t (min) Experimental (1.5 ml/min) Gamma (1.5 ml/min) Experimental (2.5 ml/min) Gamma (2.5 ml/min) Figure 2: Chromatograms for Phe 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 0.000 0.006 0.012 0.018 0.024 0.030 0.036 0.042 E (t ) t (min) Experimental (1.5 ml/min) Gamma (1.5 ml/min) Experimental (2.5 ml/min) Gamma (2.5 ml/min) Figure 3: Chromatograms for Tyr 0 40 80 120 160 200 240 0.000 0.002 0.004 0.006 0.008 0.010 0.012 E (t ) t (min) Experimental (1.5 ml/min) Gamma (1.5 ml/min) Experimental (2.5 ml/min) Gamma (2.5 ml/min) Figure 4: Chromatograms for Trp Equations 8 up to 10 are the Logistic, Normal, and Gamma distributions, respectively, and the Table 4 presents the parameters for these distributions in which case with best fit. 2 k t exp1 k t exp k 1 )t(f                          (8)             2 2 2 t 2 1 exp 2 1 )t(f    (9)     )b( atexpata )t(f 1b     (10) An essential parameter that was adjusted through Eq(3) to provide the Least Square Deviation is the parameter K, whose values for PDF fit are exposed at the Table 5. 1210 Table 4: Distribution parameters of E(t) modelled NaCl Phe Tyr Trp Parameters/Q 1.5 2.5 1.5 2.5 1.5 2.5 1.5 2.5 μ (min) - 6.472 - - - - - - σ 2 (min2) - 1.268 - - - - - - α (min) 10.892 - - - - - - - k (min) 1.204 - - - - - - - a (min-1) - - 0.672 0.846 0.390 0.483 0.092 0.110 b (-) - - 12.992 9.656 9.909 7.246 8.781 6.021 Table 5: Kolmogorov entropy, K (-) NaCl Phe Tyr Trp PDF/Q 1.5 2.5 1.5 2.5 1.5 2.5 1.5 2.5 Normal 0.3256 0.3308 0.2464 0.2445 0.4930 0.4863 0.5033 0.4999 Log-normal 0.3265 0.3320 0.2507 0.2518 0.5038 0.5045 0.5149 0.5162 Logistic 0.3356 0.3407 0.2540 0.2525 0.5087 0.5035 0.5189 0.5177 Gamma 0.3260 0.3313 0.2489 0.2488 0.4990 0.4966 0.5092 0.5080 Pearson III 0.3260 0.3325 0.2647 0.2527 0.4892 0.4966 0.5092 0.5080 Beta 0.3245 0.3269 0.2702 0.2438 0.5212 0.4842 0.4975 0.4981
    keywords: acids; amino; entropy; experimental; kolmogorov; min; solute; table; time
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        item: #3765 of 7527
          id: cet-2266
      author: None
       title: cet-2266
        date: 2017-05-08
       words: 3935
      flesch: 47
     summary: Previous research has focused on the solubility of carbon dioxide (Kumar et al., 2003a; Kumar et al., 2003b; Sanchez-Fernandez and Goetheer, 2011; Sanchez Fernandez et al., 2013; Wei et al., 2014; Wei et al., 2013), on physical and thermal properties (Han et al., 2012; Kumar et al., 2001; Wei et al., 2014; Wei et al., 2013), and, on the kinetics and the rate of absorption (Aronu et al., 2013; Kumar et al., 2003c). 3.2 Thermodynamic Model The Electrolyte-NRTL model developed by Chen and co-workers (Chen et al., 1979; Chen et al., 1982; Chen and Evans, 1986; Mock et al., 1986) and widely applied to the representation of the phase behaviour of liquids containing electrolytes has been considered in this work.
    keywords: absorption; carbon; column; dioxide; et al; fernandez; potassium; sanchez; taurine
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        item: #3766 of 7527
          id: cet-2267
      author: None
       title: cet-2267
        date: 2017-05-08
       words: 3364
      flesch: 46
     summary: The objective of this work was to investigate the effect of feed flow rate and the coating agent composition on encapsulation of antioxidant extracted from spent coffee grounds using spray drying process. +1 I (%, wt) 20 50 80 Flow rate (mL/min) 5 7.5 10 2.3 Experimental Design and spray drying tests Spray drying of spent coffee grounds extract was performed using a Büchi Mini Spray Dryer B-290 (BÜCHI Labortechnik AG, Flawil, Switzerland).
    keywords: coffee; encapsulation; flow; food; inulin; min; spray
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        item: #3767 of 7527
          id: cet-2268
      author: None
       title: cet-2268
        date: 2017-05-08
       words: 3227
      flesch: 56
     summary: Note that, in general, considering that viscosity represents the resistance against the diffusive transport of momentum, and that in fluid mixtures those resistances are in parallel (Ottino and Chella, 1983), the viscosity of a binary mixture can be related to those of its pure components A and B via DOI: 10.3303/CET1757205 Please cite this article as: Lamorgese A., Mauri R., 2017, Effect of viscosity ratio on structure evolution during mixing/demixing of regular binary mixtures, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 57, 1225-1230 DOI: 10.3303/CET1757205 1225 1 1 = ( ), ( ) mix A B f            (1) where A x  is the mass fraction of, say, the minority species, while mix f represents the fluidity of mixing, which accounts for a nonideal mixture. Based on 2D simulation results, we discuss the influence of viscosity ratio on basic statistics of the mixing (segregation) process triggered by a rapid heating (quench), assuming that the ratio of capillary to viscous forces (a.k.a.
    keywords: mixing; mixture; phase; ratio; viscosity;  
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        item: #3768 of 7527
          id: cet-2269
      author: None
       title: cet-2269
        date: 2017-05-08
       words: 2614
      flesch: 61
     summary: Herbert E., Balibar S., Caupin F., 2006, Cavitation pressure in water, Phys. Keywords: T-mixer, water flow, cavitation, light scattering.
    keywords: cavitation; flow; mixer; pressure
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        item: #3769 of 7527
          id: cet-227
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-227
        date: 2017-10-04
       words: 2881
      flesch: 50
     summary: (a) (b) (c) Figure 5: Indoor temperature under various heating supply modes: (a) Mode 1 (b) mode 2 (c) mode 3 Assume the outdoor temperature changes periodically, and then calculate indoor temperature consecutively for three days. When outdoor colligate temperature drops from -5 °C to -10 °C, and heating load maintains 9.46 MW, the identified transfer function between outdoor colligate temperature and indoor air temperature is obtained, as shown in Eq(16).
    keywords: china; heating; indoor; load; model; power; temperature
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        item: #3770 of 7527
          id: cet-2270
      author: None
       title: cet-2270
        date: 2017-05-08
       words: 3261
      flesch: 63
     summary: Conclusions 8 samples of real washcoat layers with different pore properties were used, and 12 virtual 3D structures simulating the pores of washcoat layers were computed. 6 Path size distribution Fig. 7 Tortuosity factor distribution 3.2 Calculation of effective permeation coefficients with CFD As shown in Fig. 8, the effective permeation coefficient calculated with CFD is in the range of 3.6 × 10 -15 to 1.1 × 10 -14 m2 for real 3D structures (ID1-ID8), and for virtual 3D structures (ID1-ID12) it is in the range of 5.7 × 10-16 to 4.7 × 10-14 m2.
    keywords: fig; path; pore; size; structures; washcoat
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        item: #3771 of 7527
          id: cet-2271
      author: None
       title: cet-2271
        date: 2017-05-08
       words: 2851
      flesch: 55
     summary: Consider velocity vectors and temperature contours found that increasing ratio of e/H cause to thermal exchange in rectangular duct better, e/H = 0.3 gives higher heat transfer than, e/H = 0.2 and 0.1, respectively. 57, 2017 A publication of The Italian Association of Chemical Engineering Online at www.aidic.it/cet Guest Editors: Sauro Pierucci, Jiří Jaromír Klemeš, Laura Piazza, Serafim Bakalis Copyright © 2017, AIDIC Servizi S.r.l. ISBN 978-88-95608- 48-8; ISSN 2283-9216 Numerical Study on Heat Transfer Enhancement in a Rectangular Duct with Incline Shaped Baffles Parkpoom Sriromreun*a, Paranee Sriromreunb a Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Srinakharinwirot University, NakhonNayok 26120, Thailand b Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Srinakharinwirot University, NakhonNayok 26120, Thailand prakpum@g.swu.ac.th This research is aimed to study on heat transfer enhancement in a heat exchanger by installing inclined shape baffles to create co-rotating vortex flow using the Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) method with the k- and RNG models.
    keywords: baffles; duct; heat; tef; transfer
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        item: #3772 of 7527
          id: cet-2272
      author: None
       title: cet-2272
        date: 2017-05-08
       words: 2941
      flesch: 59
     summary: As the number of particles increases, required simulation time for CFD simulations become less than CFD-DEM. It should be mentioned that CFD-DEM simulations have better prediction of experimental results comparing to CFD simulations.
    keywords: bed; cfd; dem; gas; model; particle; simulation; velocity
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        item: #3773 of 7527
          id: cet-2273
      author: None
       title: cet-2273
        date: 2017-05-08
       words: 2955
      flesch: 54
     summary: (a) (b) DOI: 10.3303/CET1757210 Please cite this article as: Manriquez J., Cifuentes G., Merino K., 2017, Fluid dynamic modeling of the operational system of capture of gases for the copper mattes conversion process, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 57, 1255-1260 DOI: 10.3303/CET1757210 1255 To study the operation of gas capture system, it is necessary to analyse the behaviour of four parameters: velocity, pressure, temperature and concentration. The average temperature at which SO₂ gases occur is approximately 1200 °C which ascend and cool to come into contact with the flow that enters the secondary hood with a temperature of 20° C, reaching an output average temperature of 640° C.
    keywords: converter; figure; gases; hood; inside; so₂; system; temperature
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        item: #3774 of 7527
          id: cet-2274
      author: None
       title: cet-2274
        date: 2017-05-08
       words: 2868
      flesch: 59
     summary: 10.1016/0017-9310(62)90022-4 Kato Y, Uchida K, Kago T, Morooka S., 1981, Liquid holdup and heat transfer coefficient between bed and wall in liquid–solid and gas–liquid–solid fluidized beds, Powder Technol, 28, 173–179, DOI: 10.1016/0032- 5910(81)87040-4 Konsetov, V.V., 1966, Heat transfer during bubbling of gas through liquid, Int. 57, 2017 A publication of The Italian Association of Chemical Engineering Online at www.aidic.it/cet Guest Editors: Sauro Pierucci, Jiří Jaromír Klemeš, Laura Piazza, Serafim Bakalis Copyright © 2017, AIDIC Servizi S.r.l. ISBN 978-88-95608- 48-8; ISSN 2283-9216 Heat Transfer Between Gas and Liquid in a Bubble Column Martin Žizka*, Radek Šulc, Pavel Ditl Czech Technical University in Prague, Faculty of Mechanical Enginering, Department of Process Engineering, Technicka 4, Prague, Czech Republic martin.zizka@fs.cvut.cz Multiphase contactors, e.g. bubble columns, are often used in operations accompanied by heat transfer between the phases.
    keywords: bubble; column; gas; heat; heat transfer; liquid; temperature; transfer
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        item: #3775 of 7527
          id: cet-2275
      author: None
       title: cet-2275
        date: 2017-05-08
       words: 3195
      flesch: 57
     summary: The droplet is moving together with the gas streams under the effect of the pressure gradient applied to the system. a) Initial condition b) Pseudo-steady state condition Figure 4: Droplet flow in 2D mirochannel 1270 Figure 5 shows the change in the droplet axial velocity as it passes through the entire channel length 40 times. Except for a difference in the initial steps of the simulations, which is due to the different nature of two methods being compared, SC LBM correctly reproduces the final state of the droplet.
    keywords: boltzmann; chen; density; droplet; figure; lattice; lbm; study
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        item: #3776 of 7527
          id: cet-2276
      author: None
       title: cet-2276
        date: 2017-05-08
       words: 3277
      flesch: 56
     summary: The adoption of ERT allows the assessment of gas distribution through the vessel volume without any particular limitation about the maximum gas volume fraction, so that experimental conditions close to that adopted in industrial operation can be effectively managed. The CoV data also highlight that significant inhomogeneity of gas distribution is apparent even in P2 under indirect loading regime, and that such inhomogeneity is increased at the larger scale.
    keywords: distribution; gas; impeller; liquid; loading; t23; vessel
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        item: #3777 of 7527
          id: cet-2277
      author: None
       title: cet-2277
        date: 2017-05-08
       words: 3705
      flesch: 48
     summary: Bulk concentrations of solid particles in water were considered in percentage of 10% and 20%. Solid particles of 0.125mm and 0.440mm in diameter were used in the study, while bulk velocities of 1m/s, 2m/s and 3m/s were prescribed.
    keywords: concentration; et al; flow; fluid; granular; particle; phase; velocity; viscosity
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        item: #3778 of 7527
          id: cet-2278
      author: None
       title: cet-2278
        date: 2017-05-08
       words: 2930
      flesch: 52
     summary: PRV opening time is 336.5 s. Figure 5: Pressure profile and liquid temperature profile (T1. near to bottom vessel, T2. Birk, A.M., 2012, Scale considerations for fire testing of pressure vessels used for dangerous goods transportation, J. Loss Prev.
    keywords: case; figure; fire; heat; liquid; model; temperature; time
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        item: #3779 of 7527
          id: cet-2279
      author: None
       title: cet-2279
        date: 2017-05-08
       words: 2725
      flesch: 55
     summary: The simulation presented results suitable for particle sizes greater than 17.74 In addition, Figure 4 shows the behavior of the partition curve (selectivity) for particle size between 9 and 35.5
    keywords: curve; fluid; hydrocyclone; particle; velocity
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        item: #3780 of 7527
          id: cet-228
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-228
        date: 2017-10-04
       words: 3165
      flesch: 44
     summary: Indeed, as evidenced by the most recent studies, from one side sustainable production methods are investigated (Liu et al., 2013) and sustainable energy sources, as well as environmental remediation are increasingly considered as end-goals of nanotechnology field (Reverberi et al., 2016c). Additionally, knowledge gaps between nanotoxicological research and nanomaterial safety increased the level of uncertainty (Hu et al., 2016): nanosafety, widely considered by people, contributes in evaluating nanomaterial risks, while nanotoxicity focuses on mechanisms underlying the physiology and pathology of nanomaterials.
    keywords: 2pt; 3pt; case; chemical; fabiano; figure; nano; nanoparticles; risk; safety
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        item: #3781 of 7527
          id: cet-2280
      author: None
       title: cet-2280
        date: 2017-05-08
       words: 2793
      flesch: 51
     summary: Unconventional oils comprise heavy oil, extra heavy oil and bitumens which are approximately 70 % of total worldwide oil reserves (Bayat et al., 2015). The physicochemical properties and composition of heavy oil and LPG were adapted from literature.
    keywords: gas; lpg; oil; pressure; recovery; wellbore
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        item: #3782 of 7527
          id: cet-2281
      author: None
       title: cet-2281
        date: 2017-05-08
       words: 3383
      flesch: 41
     summary: The supply of oxygen as oxygen transfer rate (OTR) is chosen as the controlling footstep in many industrial bioprocess systems and also in its scale-up (Zafar et al. 2012a). Florez D. V., Suarez Z. R., Merchan N. A., Gutierrez L. C., Olmos L., Moreno N. C., 2014, “Mutagenesis studies for enhancement of PHA production by Burkholderia cepacia 2G57, isolated from colombian soils”, International Symposium on Biopolymers Santos-Brazil, 92.
    keywords: aeration; agitation; oxygen; production; transfer; 𝐾𝐿 𝑎; 𝐿−1
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        item: #3783 of 7527
          id: cet-2282
      author: None
       title: cet-2282
        date: 2017-05-08
       words: 2909
      flesch: 51
     summary: (a) (b) (c) Figure 2: Vortical structures as identified through the λ2-criterion for different Reynolds numbers, i.e. Re = (a) 120; (b) 133; (c)170. (a) (b) (c) Figure 3: Vortical structures as identified through the λ2-criterion for different Reynolds numbers, i.e. Re = (a) 100; (b) 130; (c)170. Wi=3/4H, Nek5000 code.
    keywords: channel; figure; flow; mixing
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        item: #3784 of 7527
          id: cet-2283
      author: None
       title: cet-2283
        date: 2017-05-08
       words: 3194
      flesch: 52
     summary: LSIA technique in the novel version was used to investigate the distribution of solid particles at different agitation speeds in an unbaffled tank stirred by either a marine propeller or by a Rushton turbine. The two stable toroidal attractors for solid particles there observed are recognizable also here, though with a configuration significantly different due to the diverse flow fields.
    keywords: particles; rpm; stirred; tamburini; unbaffled; vessel
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        item: #3785 of 7527
          id: cet-2284
      author: None
       title: cet-2284
        date: 2017-05-08
       words: 3556
      flesch: 53
     summary: Equations (3) and (4) represent modification of the set of test reactions proposed earlier (Bałdyga et al., 1998) for homogeneous systems. 2. Experimental Experiments employing the first set of test reactions, Eq(1), were carried out in-line in the experimental rig consisted of a system for supply of aqueous solution of NaOH from a constant head tank, the Silverson 088/150 MS mixer (Silverson Machines Ltd., Chesham, UK) and a valve on the outflow that was used to regulate the flow rate (Jasińska et al., 2016).
    keywords: chemical; drop; figure; mass; rate; reactions; rotor; stator; transfer
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        item: #3786 of 7527
          id: cet-2285
      author: None
       title: cet-2285
        date: 2017-05-08
       words: 3708
      flesch: 47
     summary: The aim of this work is to investigate the kinetic mechanism of agarose gel formation depending on the concentration of the disperse phase and, using methods of additive manufacturing, to study the thin structure and adhesion between gel layers applied each other. The experimental cuvette is vertically moved relative to the focused optical system with an accuracy of 0.1 mm, allowing one to determine the intensity of the transmitted light depending on the distance from the boundary between gel layers (4).
    keywords: agarose; concentration; figure; formation; gel; gels; layer; light; structure; temperature
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        item: #3787 of 7527
          id: cet-2286
      author: None
       title: cet-2286
        date: 2017-05-08
       words: 2815
      flesch: 25
     summary: 57, 2017 A publication of The Italian Association of Chemical Engineering Online at www.aidic.it/cet Guest Editors: Sauro Pierucci, Jiří Jaromír Klemeš, Laura Piazza, Serafim Bakalis Copyright © 2017, AIDIC Servizi S.r.l. ISBN 978-88-95608- 48-8; ISSN 2283-9216 Optimization of HYAFF Membranes Morphology Produced by Supercritical Phase Separation for Biomedical Applications Lucia Baldino, Stefano Cardea*, Ernesto Reverchon Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 132, 84084, Fisciano (SA), Italy scardea@unisa.it In this study, it was evaluated the capability to generate HYAFF membranes by phase inversion assisted by supercritical fluids. Using SC-CO2 phase inversion process, we obtained HYAFF membranes with different morphological characteristics, depending on the process conditions adopted, such as polymer starting concentrations, pressure (ranging from 90 to 200 bar) and temperature (ranging from 35 to 55°C).
    keywords: co2; hyaff; membranes; phase; polymer; pressure; process
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        item: #3788 of 7527
          id: cet-2287
      author: None
       title: cet-2287
        date: 2017-05-08
       words: 3385
      flesch: 46
     summary: For the specific mixture of the two materials that this study focuses on, stress-strain and hardness tests have been performed, and thermogravimetric analyses were carried out, in which the polypropylene is virgin and only has expanded polystyrene as recovered material from urban solid waste, achieving favorable tests results, especially with regards to hardness (Betancourt and Solano). Recycling and recovery routes of plastic solid waste (PSW): A review.
    keywords: eps; minute; mixture; test; uncertainty; waste
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        item: #3789 of 7527
          id: cet-2288
      author: None
       title: cet-2288
        date: 2017-05-08
       words: 3688
      flesch: 45
     summary: After calcination, Figure 1b confirms the crystallization of fluorite cubic phase of co-doped zirconia, as all the XRD peaks are attributable to it. DOI: 10.3303/CET1757225 Please cite this article as: Accardo G., Dell Agli G., Frattini D., Spiridigliozzi L., Nam S.W., Yoon S.P., 2017, Electrical behaviour and microstructural characterization of magnesia co-doped scsz nanopowders synthesized by urea co-precipitation, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 57, 1345-1350 DOI: 10.3303/CET1757225 1345 An interesting route for improving the total ionic conductivity of solid oxide electrolytes is co-doping these materials with Bi, Cu, Mg, Fe, Li (Accardo et al., 2016b).
    keywords: conductivity; doi; figure; grain; powders; temperature; zirconia
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        item: #3790 of 7527
          id: cet-2289
      author: None
       title: cet-2289
        date: 2017-05-08
       words: 3297
      flesch: 49
     summary: 1354 0 5 10 15 0 20 40 60 80 30 40 50 60 70 80 Flexural modulus Flexural strength F le xu ra l m od ul us ( G P a) F lexural strength (M P a) NG particle size (m) Figure 3: Flexural properties poly(BA-a) composites filled with various NG particle sizes. From the Table 1, the wear mass loss of the composites decreased with increasing NG particle size, that is, it decreased from 1.7 × 10-6 g/m to 0.7 × 10-6 g/m. Again, it is probable that lubricating film is formed to lower wear mass loss in the worn surface as the graphite particles size increases.
    keywords: composites; friction; graphite; materials; particle; poly(ba; properties; size; temperature
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        item: #3791 of 7527
          id: cet-229
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-229
        date: 2017-10-04
       words: 3810
      flesch: 55
     summary: As a conclusion, regulating the air flow as a function of the applied power enables the HTEL system to be very flexible in terms of power range, while maintaining the system efficiency above the one of conventional low temperature electrolysers. Two strategies, based on the use of air flow at the anode, are proposed and analysed in detail.
    keywords: air; air flow; flow; power; system; temperature
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        item: #3792 of 7527
          id: cet-2290
      author: None
       title: cet-2290
        date: 2017-05-08
       words: 3397
      flesch: 57
     summary: Relaxing strain time behavior. DOI: 10.3303/CET1757227 Please cite this article as: Nunez Vallejos D.A., Bernal A., Mauledoux M.F., Aviles O.F., 2017, Analysis of mechanical behavior of a device made of poly l lactide acid for reconstruction of phalanx fracture, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 57, 1357-1362 DOI: 10.3303/CET1757227 1357 2.
    keywords: behavior; device; figure; flow; load; model; stress; time
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        item: #3793 of 7527
          id: cet-2291
      author: None
       title: cet-2291
        date: 2017-05-08
       words: 3465
      flesch: 45
     summary: The reacted PHB is then whitened for one hour at ambient temperature with sodium hypochlorite at 5.25% v/v. It is then rinsed again three times with distilled water and then dried to obtain PHA. 2.2 Mixtures of PHA and Plasticizers Experimental procedures to obtain plasticizer- PHA mixtures were elaborated: Original cell mass 59,87 100 1 Treatment with SDS and sodium hypochlorite 65 75 2 Mixture- Chloroform Casting 20% PEG 58,15 --- a Recovery yield is the percentage of PHA solid recovered from original PHA of cells.
    keywords: material; mixtures; peg; pha; plasticizer; polymer; properties; samples; sds
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        item: #3794 of 7527
          id: cet-2292
      author: None
       title: cet-2292
        date: 2017-05-08
       words: 3114
      flesch: 42
     summary: The mean particle length of used hemp hurds calculated from granulometric data was 0.94 mm. 1370 2.4 Scanning Electron Microscopy Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) observations of hemp hurds samples were done on a TESCAN MIRA 3 FE (TESCAN, Brno, Czech Republic).
    keywords: chemical; composites; density; hemp; hurds; materials; properties; samples; water
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        item: #3795 of 7527
          id: cet-2293
      author: None
       title: cet-2293
        date: 2017-05-08
       words: 3157
      flesch: 47
     summary: Conclusions Under agroclimatic conditions of Latvia, the yield of the dry matter of industrial hemp cultivars on average is 15.06 t ha-1, with hemp shives constituting approximately 9.4 t ha-1. The aim of the research was to find out the production technology, properties of the thermal conductivity for lightweight concrete made from hemp shives and sapropel or gypsum as a binder to be used for thermal and sound insulation material.
    keywords: composite; foam; gypsum; hemp; insulation; material; sapropel; shives; sound
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        item: #3796 of 7527
          id: cet-2294
      author: None
       title: cet-2294
        date: 2017-05-08
       words: 3418
      flesch: 48
     summary: Figure 2: Images of A) unweathered P reference paint; B) 50 cycles weathered PW reference paint; C) unweathered LF photocatalytic paint; D) 50 cycles weathered LFW photocatalytic paint. Figure 3: SEM micrographs of A) unweathered P reference paint; B) 50 cycles weathered PW reference paint; C) unweathered LF photocatalytic paint; D) 50 cycles weathered LFW photocatalytic paint.
    keywords: cleaning; degradation; dye; irradiation; light; paint; photocatalytic; samples; self; weathering
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        item: #3797 of 7527
          id: cet-2295
      author: None
       title: cet-2295
        date: 2017-05-08
       words: 4008
      flesch: 57
     summary: 2.1 Steel sample preparation and Niobium carbide coating application Preparation, cleaning and evaluation of carbon steel samples used for corrosion tests were done using the ASTM G1-90 Standard Guide. 3.2 Coating chemical composition and morphology analysis The Niobium Carbide coatings were analyzed through Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) combined with Energy-Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDS).
    keywords: carbide; carbon; cm-1; coatings; exposure; niobium; raman; samples; steel; temperature; treatment
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        item: #3798 of 7527
          id: cet-2296
      author: None
       title: cet-2296
        date: 2017-05-08
       words: 3312
      flesch: 50
     summary: Gontard N., Guilbert S. and CUQ J.L., 1992, Edible wheat gluten films: influence of the main process variables on film properties using response surface methodology. The objective of this study was production and characterization of biodegradables films incorporated with clove essential oil (CEO) microcapsules.
    keywords: clove; drying; films; freeze; inclusion; oil; spray; water
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        item: #3799 of 7527
          id: cet-2297
      author: None
       title: cet-2297
        date: 2017-05-08
       words: 2740
      flesch: 42
     summary: Thermodynamics Considerations Ammonia is a common nitrogen source for production of titanium nitride powders. Mosbah, A.; Calka, A.; Wexler, D., Nov.2006, Rapid synthesis of titanium nitride powder by electrical discharge assisted mechanical milling.
    keywords: figure; nitride; powder; reaction; size; synthesis; temperature; tin; titanium
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        item: #3800 of 7527
          id: cet-2298
      author: None
       title: cet-2298
        date: 2017-05-08
       words: 2553
      flesch: 40
     summary: Mukherjee, P., Ahmad, A., Mandal, D., Senapati, S., Sainkar, S. R., Khan, M. I., Sastry, M., 2001, Fungus- mediated synthesis of silver nanoparticles and their immobilization in the mycelial matrix: a novel biological approach to nanoparticle synthesis. 3. Results and discussion During nanoparticles synthesis cultures by A. platensis, pH tends to naturally evolve toward alkalinity.
    keywords: cultures; eps; nanoparticles; platensis; silver; size; synthesis
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        item: #3801 of 7527
          id: cet-2299
      author: None
       title: cet-2299
        date: 2017-05-08
       words: 3419
      flesch: 40
     summary: Introduction Increasing energy demands due to global population growth and the difficulty in discovering new oil fields as an alternative to the exploited oil fields urged to find out alternative technologies to increase oil recovery from existing oil fields around the world. Besides reducing interfacial and surface tensions biosurfactants can enhance oil recovery through altering wettability, aiding in the degrading of long alkyl chains, and cleaning up contaminated soil (Patel et al., 2015).
    keywords: bacillus; biosurfactant; cmc; microbial; oil; oil recovery; production; recovery; reservoir; water
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        item: #3802 of 7527
          id: cet-230
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-230
        date: 2017-10-04
       words: 3351
      flesch: 49
     summary: For the cell length used in this study (120 mm), the maximum tolerable temperature gradient across the cell is thus 393.15 K. 1078 Figure 4: RSOC unit dynamic state results: (a) Cell, fuel, sweep air and interconnector temperatures; (b) Temperatures across cell length; (c) Air sweep flow effect on cell temperature; (d) Operating cell voltage. Although, the authors presented equations of dynamic model, no transient simulation was performed.
    keywords: cell; energy; gas; model; operating; power; state; temperature
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        item: #3803 of 7527
          id: cet-2300
      author: None
       title: cet-2300
        date: 2017-05-08
       words: 2987
      flesch: 48
     summary: Table 1: Mechanical properties of PHBV, PLA and their biocomposites and associated error values(%) The trigger of decomposition happened at lower temperatures respect to PET, but always far above their melting point ensuring a good performance of the composites at high processing temperatures.
    keywords: addition; biocomposites; pet; phbv; pla; properties; samples; sisal; thermal
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        item: #3804 of 7527
          id: cet-2301
      author: None
       title: cet-2301
        date: 2017-05-08
       words: 3774
      flesch: 47
     summary: Gelatinization properties seemed similar to other starch sources, except for the onset temperature; probably the swelling of the starch started at lower temperature because of the higher specific surface (associated to small starch granules) which facilitate the water diffusion into starch granules and the crystallinity loss. The key starch features for industrial applications are: size and shape distributions of starch granules, crystallinity, amylose-amylopectin ratio, thermal properties.
    keywords: amylose; chemical; food; granules; microalgal; production; size; starch; temperature; weight
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        item: #3805 of 7527
          id: cet-2302
      author: None
       title: cet-2302
        date: 2017-05-08
       words: 3015
      flesch: 51
     summary: Although alginate has been extensively evaluated for drug incorporation such as theophylline (Miyazaki et al., 2000) and metronidazole (Murata et al., 2000), alginate and sericin blend has been evaluated for drug incorporation to a lesser extent. Lamboni L., Gauthier M., Yang G., Wang Q., 2015, Silk sericin: A versatile material for tissue engineering and drug delivery.
    keywords: alginate; blend; drug; efficiency; formulations; ibuprofen; incorporation; ketoprofen; particles; quetiapine; sericin; solution
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        item: #3806 of 7527
          id: cet-2303
      author: None
       title: cet-2303
        date: 2017-05-08
       words: 3401
      flesch: 53
     summary: The effect of temperature and exposure time on the formation of corrosion products on AISI/SAE-1020 steel was determined at typical service conditions of a transfer line that enters into an atmospheric distillation tower for processing heavy crude oil. Corrosion products formed at the steel surface were characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) combined with x- ray energy dispersive spectrometry (EDS) and x-ray diffraction (XRD).
    keywords: aisi; corrosion; exposure; hours; products; rate; sae-1020; steel; temperature
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        item: #3807 of 7527
          id: cet-2304
      author: None
       title: cet-2304
        date: 2017-05-08
       words: 3674
      flesch: 42
     summary: 3. Results and Discussion 3.1 Morphology of gelatin coated scaffolds (GCS) Figure 1 shows the SEM micrographs of gelatin coated external (A) and internal (B) surfaces of scaffolds. control, uncoated scaffolds, gelatin coated scaffolds.
    keywords: engineering; gcs; gelatin; pcl; pgs; scaffolds; ucs; vascular; water
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        item: #3808 of 7527
          id: cet-2305
      author: None
       title: cet-2305
        date: 2017-05-08
       words: 2539
      flesch: 40
     summary: 2.2 Spectra reconstruction of PAH mixtures The measured UV- spectrum of PAH mixtures can be reconstructed by a linear combination of the single PAH spectra, measured one by one, weighted by the single PAH mass contribution in the mixture according to Eq(1): Summing up, the total absorptivity can be considered as the sum of two contributions: the first one due to identified PAH absorption and the second one due to background absorption.
    keywords: absorption; mixture; pah; spectra; spectrum
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        item: #3809 of 7527
          id: cet-2306
      author: None
       title: cet-2306
        date: 2017-05-08
       words: 2836
      flesch: 51
     summary: These exfoliated structures show a total absence of order between clay layers. jotacostaneto@gmail.com or jmacedo@uea.edu.br Layered clays have been used as reinforcement in polymer nanocomposites by having a structure of silicate layers, cation exchange capacity, organically modified and have high aspect ratios.
    keywords: clay; figure; kaolinite; layers; nanocomposites; polymer; polymerization
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        item: #3810 of 7527
          id: cet-2307
      author: None
       title: cet-2307
        date: 2017-05-08
       words: 3190
      flesch: 46
     summary: A large body of literature reports on global reaction mechanisms (e.g. Hjärtstam et al., 2012) or on approaches to obtain reduced or skeletal mechanisms from those detailed (Turányi and Tomlin, 2014). DOI: 10.3303/CET1757244 Please cite this article as: Acampora L., Marra F.S., 2017, Investigation by thermodynamic properties of methane combustion mechanisms under harmonic oscillations in perfectly stirred reactor, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 57, 1459-1464 DOI: 10.3303/CET1757244 1459 2.
    keywords: chemical; combustion; entropy; ignition; mechanisms; reactions; temperature; time
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        item: #3811 of 7527
          id: cet-2308
      author: None
       title: cet-2308
        date: 2017-05-08
       words: 3231
      flesch: 53
     summary: (1), we used various modifications of the methods of generalized and functional separation of variables (see, for information, handbooks by Polyanin and Manzhirov, 2007; Galaktionov and Svirshchevskii, 2007; Polyanin and Zaitsev, 2012) and the functional constraints method for parabolic delay equations (Polyanin and Zhurov, 2014b); for parabolic equations with varying transfer coefficients (Polyanin and Zhurov, 2014c). Systems with delayed feedback are frequently modeled by reaction–diffusion equations, in which the kinetic function F (the rate of chemical reactions) depends on both the sought concentration function u = u(x, t) and the same function, but with the delayed argument w = u(x, t – τ).
    keywords: delay; equations; nonlinear; solution
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        item: #3812 of 7527
          id: cet-2309
      author: None
       title: cet-2309
        date: 2017-05-08
       words: 3489
      flesch: 49
     summary: Obtained numerical model serves as a guideline tool capable of reproducing propagation of smoke in semi-enclosed spaces within minimal uncertainty than can be used in further studies as a predicting tool for engineering purposes. Hwang, C.C. and Edwards, J.C., 2005, The critical ventilation velocity in tunnel fires—a computer simulation.
    keywords: air; efficiency; fire; model; numerical; smoke; species; study; tunnel
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        item: #3813 of 7527
          id: cet-231
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-231
        date: 2017-10-04
       words: 3240
      flesch: 40
     summary: Introduction Mid-size industrial facilities and municipal buildings usually utilize energy systems that consume power and/or thermal power ranging from dozens of kW to units of MW. Owners of energy systems face a difficult task of selecting and implementing a concrete saving measure.
    keywords: approach; efficiency; energy; facilities; measures; saving; system; time
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        item: #3814 of 7527
          id: cet-2310
      author: None
       title: cet-2310
        date: 2017-05-08
       words: 3278
      flesch: 63
     summary: AAD as function of systems temperature are shown in Table 2 for all 7 binary systems analyzed here (17 isotherms with a total of 160 EP). AAD = 3.06% for PT EoS were observed for binary systems in the evaluation of 160 experimental points (EP).
    keywords: data; eos; liquid; phase; systems; vapor
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        item: #3815 of 7527
          id: cet-2311
      author: None
       title: cet-2311
        date: 2017-05-08
       words: 2817
      flesch: 49
     summary: It was shown that waves of adsorption deformation of adsorbents – waves of sorbostriction – appeared at a certain selection of adsorption parameters. Coudert F.-X.,Fuchs A. H.,Neimark A.V., 2016, Adsorption deformation of microporous composites, Dalton Transactions.
    keywords: adsorbent; deformation
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        item: #3816 of 7527
          id: cet-2312
      author: None
       title: cet-2312
        date: 2017-05-08
       words: 3781
      flesch: 58
     summary: Additional emulsion inversion studies confirmed the “Bancroft rule”: oil-in-water emulsions were induced by water soluble surfactant, and water-in-oil emulsions were induced for oil soluble surfactant. 2.1 Case 1: “Water wet to oil wet surface induced by oil soluble surfactant” Wettability of the surface is a crucial characteristic, which describes the relative ability of a fluid to spread over the surface.
    keywords: case; figure; oil; surface; surfactant; water; wet
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        item: #3817 of 7527
          id: cet-2313
      author: None
       title: cet-2313
        date: 2017-05-08
       words: 4382
      flesch: 56
     summary: ( 7 ) is: 1498         1 2 1 23 1 * 3 3 1 2 0 2 1 2 3 1 2 NR PB NR PB s NR PB NR PBNR PB ss NR PB K K t t NR PB NR PB NR PB NR PB K K t tK t t NR PB NR PB NR PB K e R R K K S K e e K K K                                                            ( 8 ) [R1 *]+[R1]:            1 2 1 231 0 2 0* 1 1 1 2 1 2 3 1 NR NR NR NRNR s ss NR NR K K t t K K t tK t t NR NR NR NR NR K S K S R R e e e K K K K K   
    keywords: k k
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        item: #3818 of 7527
          id: cet-2314
      author: None
       title: cet-2314
        date: 2017-05-08
       words: 3402
      flesch: 50
     summary: Methodologies like Retrofit Design Approach and Hierarchical Decision Procedure by Douglas were combined for: 1) determining input Information, 2) developing diagnosis and identifying improvement proposals, 3) establishing input – output structure of the flowsheet, 4) defining critical variables of the process (CVsP), and 5) designing new units that support the change from batch process to continuous process. Figure 2: Critical Variables of Process (CVsP) – Determination Matrix from batch process Figure 3: Critical Variables of Process (CVsP) – Determination Matrix from continuous process
    keywords: batch; design; equipment; flow; process; steam; tank; variables; washing; water
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        item: #3819 of 7527
          id: cet-2315
      author: None
       title: cet-2315
        date: 2017-05-08
       words: 3951
      flesch: 56
     summary: Thickness of particle deposition layer prepared by EPD from suspensions with various particle sizes. Porosity of particle deposition layer prepared by EPD from P-25 NPs in mixture solvents.
    keywords: deposition; epd; layer; nps; p-25; particle; porosity; size; suspension
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        item: #3820 of 7527
          id: cet-2316
      author: None
       title: cet-2316
        date: 2017-05-08
       words: 3553
      flesch: 45
     summary: Figure 2: PRVE FE model (micrometric structural level): a) Top view; b) 3D view. Figure 4: FE model: a) polymer matrix and corrugated GO sheets; b) isolated corrugated GO sheets; c) corrugation angle.
    keywords: model; modeling; modulus; nanocomposite; prve; sheets; young
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        item: #3821 of 7527
          id: cet-2317
      author: None
       title: cet-2317
        date: 2017-05-08
       words: 3147
      flesch: 53
     summary: The scope of the simulations was to verify the cooling capacity of the heat spreaders in different configurations by monitoring chip temperature. Increasing thermal conductivity, thermal management is improved, all the monitoring points show a smaller temperature value but this effect is mitigated after a given value of k: the temperatures reach practically constant values at a thermal conductivity of 1200 W/(m K), see Figure 4 that shows the temperature of monitoring centre point.
    keywords: bumps; chip; cnt; conductivity; device; figure; heat; temperature
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        item: #3822 of 7527
          id: cet-2318
      author: None
       title: cet-2318
        date: 2017-05-08
       words: 3459
      flesch: 56
     summary: Numerous paper have been published on this theme (Schürmann et al., 2006), one of the key aspect was the diffusion of CO and CO2 molecules in SiO2 during SiC oxidation, whereas a challenging goal was to avoid carbon intermixing in the SiO2 interlayer and covering the outer surface by a carbon layer, e.g. few layer graphene. Scheme 1: The five steps during SiC oxidation.
    keywords: carbon; layer; oxidation; oxygen; reaction; sic; silicon; sio2
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        item: #3823 of 7527
          id: cet-2319
      author: None
       title: cet-2319
        date: 2017-05-08
       words: 3066
      flesch: 58
     summary: Most FCC regenerators have two sections; dense bed and a freeboard. In this work, only the dense bed is considered because most of the solids and gases are in the dense bed where almost all reactions take place DOI: 10.3303/CET1757256 Please cite this article as: Yakubu J., Patel R., Mujtaba I.M., 2017, Optimization of fluidized catalytic cracking unit regenerator to minimize co2 emissions, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 57, 1531-1536 DOI:
    keywords: bed; carbon; co2; dioxide; fcc; regenerator; simulation
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        item: #3824 of 7527
          id: cet-232
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-232
        date: 2017-10-04
       words: 3760
      flesch: 55
     summary: 4. Case study As one of our main areas of applied research is in waste management decision making problems, the case study is going to investigate the use of the aforementioned algorithm in such a setting. a) using 5,000 scenarios b) using average values Figure 1: Distribution of optimal objective function values for different scenarios (a) using 5,000 scenarios and (b) using average values
    keywords: decision; problem; scenarios; stage; waste
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        item: #3825 of 7527
          id: cet-2320
      author: None
       title: cet-2320
        date: 2017-05-08
       words: 3846
      flesch: 50
     summary: The performance metrics used for the definitions of the product yields in this study are Gasification Efficiency (GE), that measures the conversion of the feedstock to product gases and can be described as the ratio between the sum of the masses of product gases and that of the feedstock and the carbon efficiency (CE) that measures the mass percentage of carbon converted from the initial organic matter towards gases products, according to the formula in Eq(1) and Eq(2): 𝐺𝐸 (%) = 𝐺𝑎𝑠 𝑀𝑎𝑠𝑠 𝐹𝑙𝑜𝑤 𝑅𝑎𝑡𝑒 𝑂𝑢𝑡 𝑚𝑎𝑠𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝑜𝑟𝑔𝑎𝑛𝑖𝑐 𝑚𝑎𝑡𝑡𝑒𝑟 𝑖𝑛 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑓𝑒𝑒𝑑 ∙ 100 (1) 𝐶𝐸 (%) We argue that this behaviour is likely true at low temperature at which conversion of phenol to gas product is very low and the reaction mechanism is still influenced by ionic reactions in the solution.
    keywords: acetic; acid; carbon; concentration; gasification; phenol; product; scwg; water
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        item: #3826 of 7527
          id: cet-2321
      author: None
       title: cet-2321
        date: 2017-05-08
       words: 3891
      flesch: 47
     summary: Further, the use of defatted seeds coagulants presented the advantage of decreasing DOC of the treated water differently from the use of the MO coagulant in its integral form. Their seeds are a good source of oil with an excellent quality and protein that present potential coagulant for water treatment.
    keywords: coagulants; extraction; hexane; moringa; oil; process; removal; treatment; water
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        item: #3827 of 7527
          id: cet-2322
      author: None
       title: cet-2322
        date: 2017-05-08
       words: 2888
      flesch: 40
     summary: Figure 2: Effect of concentration NaCl on the surface tension of vegetable biosurfactants produced by Genipa americana L. and Tamarindus indica L. 1552 Figure 3: Effect of temperature on the surface tension of vegetable biosurfactants produced by Genipa americana L. and Tamarindus indica L. Figure 4: Effect of pH on the surface tension of vegetable biosurfactants produced by Genipa americana L. and Tamarindus indica L. 3.2 Oil removel by washing with vegetable biosurfactant The application of biosurfactants is one of the most promising techniques to remove and recover a significant amount of the residual oil in environment (Sarubbo et al., 2012). Results and discussion 3.1 Assessment of physiochemical properties of vegetable biosurfactants The biosurfactant of origin vegetable, include a diverse group of compounds characterized by their structure containing a steroidal or triterpenoid aglycone and one or more sugar chains.
    keywords: americana; biosurfactants; genipa; indica; oil; surface; tamarindus; tension; vegetable
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        item: #3828 of 7527
          id: cet-2323
      author: None
       title: cet-2323
        date: 2017-05-08
       words: 2534
      flesch: 31
     summary: 2.10 Determination of oil removal activity on contaminated soil In 250 ml Erlenmeyers flasks were added 50 grams of standard sand (NBR 7214) impregnated with 10 % of petroleum by-products (residual motor oil and non-residual motor oil). 3.5 Determination of oil removal activity on contaminated soil When toxic products are introduced into soil, as in the case of petroderivatives, it can alter the physico- chemical properties of the product, causing a series of reactions of harmful effects on the ecosystem.
    keywords: bacteria; biosurfactant; figure; oil; production; surface; tension
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        item: #3829 of 7527
          id: cet-2324
      author: None
       title: cet-2324
        date: 2017-05-08
       words: 3240
      flesch: 35
     summary: Free plots in existing industrial parks for new factories are rare and expensive. Industrial activities will take up the main area (61%).
    keywords: approach; commercialization; decision; eco; eip; making; park; process; synergies; tarn
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        item: #3830 of 7527
          id: cet-2325
      author: None
       title: cet-2325
        date: 2017-05-08
       words: 3443
      flesch: 46
     summary: The aim of this research is assessing energy potential of solar, wind, hydro, and agricultural residue biomass sources and choose the best option for the municipals of three departments with the highest energy demand in non-interconnected zones of Colombia. On the other hand, the use of developed countries’ software such as METEONORM is not suitable to determine energy potential in Latin America, since its database has no accurate information on weather stations, and data interpolation techniques involve wrong information.
    keywords: biomass; chocó; colombia; energy; meta; potential; putumayo; spanish; study; water; wind
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        item: #3831 of 7527
          id: cet-2326
      author: None
       title: cet-2326
        date: 2017-05-08
       words: 3370
      flesch: 48
     summary: So, KUKA youBot platform with robotic-arm was chosen for testing. Robot programming software
    keywords: area; education; engineering; ides; kuka; motion; platform; programming; robot; robotics; software; youbot
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        item: #3832 of 7527
          id: cet-2327
      author: None
       title: cet-2327
        date: 2017-05-08
       words: 2755
      flesch: 57
     summary: These controllers have a high popularity in the academy and in the industry because they provide high performance control systems without requiring interventions of operators for many hours. DOI: 10.3303/CET1757264 Please cite this article as: Ramos V.S., Sena H. J., Fileti A.M.F., Silva F.V., 2017, Teaching multivariable model predictive control in a laboratory scale three-tank process, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 57, 1579-1584 DOI: 10.3303/CET1757264 1579 2.
    keywords: control; controller; figure; model; point; system
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        item: #3833 of 7527
          id: cet-2328
      author: None
       title: cet-2328
        date: 2017-05-08
       words: 3029
      flesch: 50
     summary: The contribution of this article is the development of an interactive educational software named CTw-UA v1.0 to design cooling towers that determine the number of decks from the packings, the tower efficiency, the air flow needed, the dimensions of the tower and the temperature profile inside the tower using the Mickley diagram. Effect of the outlet water temperatures in the height of the tower The following operating conditions were given for this experience: inlet water temperature (TL2) 70°C, inlet air dry-bulb temperature 35°C, inlet air wet-bulb temperature (Tw1) 20°Cenvironmental temperature 35°C, mass transfer coefficient (Kya) de 2500 KJ/Kg°C for the cooling tower, and it was chosen a factor of 3 for the minimum air flow needed.
    keywords: air; cooling; inlet; software; temperature; tower; water
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        item: #3834 of 7527
          id: cet-2329
      author: None
       title: cet-2329
        date: 2017-05-08
       words: 2327
      flesch: 44
     summary: 4. Conclusions In this work, we presented a simple method for fabricating nanostructured Ni electrodes based on electrodeposition inside the channels of a polycarbonate membrane acting as a template. Experimental For nanostructured Ni electrodes fabrication, commercial porous polycarbonate membrane (PCM - Whatman, Cyclopore, thickness 20 μm) has been used as a template.
    keywords: electrodes; energy; hydrogen; nanoparticles; nws
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        item: #3835 of 7527
          id: cet-233
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-233
        date: 2017-10-04
       words: 3663
      flesch: 48
     summary: Due to a significant increase in waste production over the past several years, the current trend has an exponential character; this trend is going to change over the years until the final value of production converges towards a value limiting the potential for individual producers (schematic illustration in Figure 1; a potential motivation for future work). This significant change in waste production provided a sense of urgency for solving a lack of processing infrastructure in the Czech Rep. (Hrabec et al., 2016).
    keywords: bio; cost; facilities; facility; processing; production; waste; 𝐿𝑘𝑏 𝑇2
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        item: #3836 of 7527
          id: cet-2330
      author: None
       title: cet-2330
        date: 2017-05-08
       words: 3606
      flesch: 46
     summary: Results and discussion 3.1 Benefits and drawbacks of PECa cells There are many benefits in adopting the PECa approach for the production of solar fuels. One of the important challenges for the future commercialization of PECa cells is the preparation of active, robust and low-cost catalysts (Li and Wu, 2015), as well as a proper design of the configuration of the cell and the related catalytic electrodes (Zhao et al., 2016).
    keywords: ampelli; electrodes; fuels; peca; photo; production; solar
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        item: #3837 of 7527
          id: cet-2331
      author: None
       title: cet-2331
        date: 2017-05-08
       words: 2995
      flesch: 45
     summary: Figure 1: Heteroatom class distribution for vacuum residue and its subfractions from positive-mode ESI FT- ICR MS Negative-mode ESI FT-ICR offers a selectively ionization of acid compounds and non-basic nitrogen compounds. Wang L., He C., Zhang Y., Zhao S., Chung K., Xu Chunming., Hsu C., Shi Quan., 2013, Characterization of acid compounds in heavy petroleum resid by fractionation and negative-ion electrospray ionization fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry analysis, Energy Fuels, 27, 4555-4563.
    keywords: class; compounds; dbe; icr; mass; nitrogen; residue; species; vacuum
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        item: #3838 of 7527
          id: cet-2332
      author: None
       title: cet-2332
        date: 2017-05-08
       words: 3254
      flesch: 55
     summary: This approach DOI: 10.3303/CET1757269 Please cite this article as: Ramos G., Velasquez P., Acevedo P., Santis A., Rincon J., Lopez A., 2017, Electromagnetic model for determining the speed of absorptive photonic in a solar collector in v (v-collector), Chemical Engineering Transactions, 57, 1609-1614 DOI: 10.3303/CET1757269 1609 is based on the directional dispersion in three axes, combined with the technique based on the ray-tracing for modeling of the incident radiation. ∇2𝐻 = 𝛾2𝐻 (28) 1612 Which are known as electromagnetic wave equations [8].
    keywords: flux; medium; model; suspension; 𝐽𝑧 𝑈(
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        item: #3839 of 7527
          id: cet-2333
      author: None
       title: cet-2333
        date: 2017-05-08
       words: 2714
      flesch: 48
     summary: In this work, the PEM electrolyzer system to produce high pressure hydrogen with consideration of hydrogen permeation is theoretically investigated. The unbalanced pressure between the anode (2 bar) and cathode (10-100 bar) are applied to produce high hydrogen pressure and the effect of a hydrogen permeation is taken into account.
    keywords: anode; cathode; electrolysis; electrolyzer; engineering; hydrogen; membrane; pem; pressure
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        item: #3840 of 7527
          id: cet-2334
      author: None
       title: cet-2334
        date: 2017-05-08
       words: 3366
      flesch: 48
     summary: Then, PCB was cut in pieces of 10x10 cm and every piece was chemically treated to remove the solder mask and so expose copper metal to the electrolytic solution. In recent years, many researchers have investigated a number of innovative approaches on copper recovery to provide a real answer to the increasing requirements of environmental legislation, including biochemical and electrochemical methods.
    keywords: boards; chemical; circuit; copper; pcbs; process; recovery; waste
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        item: #3841 of 7527
          id: cet-2335
      author: None
       title: cet-2335
        date: 2017-05-08
       words: 3035
      flesch: 53
     summary: Among various types of the electrolysis cells, solid oxide electrolysis cells (SOECs) have received considerable attention because of theirs high efficiency and high feed impurity tolerance (Ferrero et al., 2013). Narasimhaiah G., Janardhanan V.M., 2013, Modeling CO2 electrolysis in solid oxide electrolysis cell, Journal of Solid State Electrochemistry, 17, 2361-2370.
    keywords: cathode; cell; co2; electrolysis; h2o; reaction; soec; temperature
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        item: #3842 of 7527
          id: cet-2336
      author: None
       title: cet-2336
        date: 2017-05-08
       words: 2810
      flesch: 39
     summary: In this way, the formation of some vortex over the anode is DOI: 10.3303/CET1757273 Please cite this article as: Lucas-Granados B., Sánchez-Tovar R., Fernández-Domene R.M., Garcia-Anton J., 2017, Influence of the heating rate on the annealing treatment of iron oxide nanostructures obtained by electrochemical anodization under hydrodynamic conditions, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 57, 1633-1638 DOI: 10.3303/CET1757273 1633 avoided, and consequently, the surface of the electrode is stirred and anodized homogeneously. In summary, iron oxide nanostructures synthesized by electrochemical anodization under hydrodynamic conditions are interesting to be used as photocatalysts in photoelectrochemical water splitting.
    keywords: anodization; conditions; heating; iron; nanostructures; oxide; rpm; water
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        item: #3843 of 7527
          id: cet-2337
      author: None
       title: cet-2337
        date: 2017-05-08
       words: 3025
      flesch: 43
     summary: For instance, electrodes were prepared for electrochemical capacitor (Wen et al., 2009) or for oxygen evolution reaction (Browne et al., 2016). The preliminary results show that ternary oxides coated electrodes exhibit enhanced electrocatalytic activity without producing undesired chlorinated by-products.
    keywords: chloride; electrodes; methyl; mnox; orange; oxides; removal; ruox
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        item: #3844 of 7527
          id: cet-2339
      author: None
       title: cet-2339
        date: 2017-05-08
       words: 1828
      flesch: 58
     summary: However, for high concentrations of Ni in the bath, the alloy presented small grains and porous formation (Figure 7), evidencing the significant influence of Ni concentration on the morphology of the alloy. The response surface at Figure 5 also demonstrates the significant influence of Zn concentration on efficiency.
    keywords: alloy; bath; concentrations; efficiency
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        item: #3845 of 7527
          id: cet-234
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-234
        date: 2017-10-04
       words: 3010
      flesch: 56
     summary: , we can assume that there is significant fuel saving with the use of aluminium drill pipes compared to steel drill pipes, because the ratio of the engine power needed to supply the drilling fluid at the required pressure for ADP versus steel drill pipe is lower, leading to a reduction in fuel consumption and less environmental pollution. Accordingly, the obtained results showed that, even though steel drill pipes have better mechanical properties, compared to 2024 aluminium alloy drill pipes, the latter have a better fatigue resistance even in the simultaneous presence of high applied torque and axial load, and severe dog-legs, beside good resistance to wear and corrosion even at high temperature, thereby reducing environmental trash and full consumption in order to minimise pollution.
    keywords: aluminium; dog; drill; drilling; failure; fatigue; pipe; steel
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        item: #3846 of 7527
          id: cet-2340
      author: None
       title: cet-2340
        date: 2017-05-08
       words: 3065
      flesch: 40
     summary: Roles of the support and promoter on catalyst activity and stability, Journal of Catalysis, 251, 163–171. The actual catalytic formulations, used in HTS and in LTS processes, suffer of many disadvantages, among which the DOI: 10.3303/CET1757277 Please cite this article as: Palma V., Martino M., 2017, Pt-re based catalysts for the realization of a single stage water gas shift process, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 57, 1657-1662 DOI: 10.3303/CET1757277 1657 pyrophoricity of the Cu/Zn-based catalysts and the low activity of the Fe/Cr-based catalysts at low temperatures, much more promising, for a single stage process, are the noble metal based catalysts, highly active in a wide range of temperatures at low concentration and compatible with fuel processor systems.
    keywords: catalysts; cezro4; gas; process; shift; stage; temperature; water
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        item: #3847 of 7527
          id: cet-2341
      author: None
       title: cet-2341
        date: 2017-05-08
       words: 3535
      flesch: 46
     summary: Kinetic modelling and reactor simulation for ethanol steam reforming. Indeed, the acidic sites active for ethanol dehydration may favour its consecutive polymerisation on the catalyst with consequent deactivation.
    keywords: bioethanol; dehydration; ethanol; feed; heat; mol; process; reforming; steam; water
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        item: #3848 of 7527
          id: cet-2342
      author: None
       title: cet-2342
        date: 2017-05-08
       words: 3476
      flesch: 50
     summary: Fischer Tropsch synthesis: process considerations based on performance of iron based catalyst. Role of water-gas-shift reaction in Fischer–Tropsch synthesis on iron catalysts: A review.
    keywords: equilibrium; fischer; ratio; synthesis; temperature; tropsch
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        item: #3849 of 7527
          id: cet-2343
      author: None
       title: cet-2343
        date: 2017-05-08
       words: 4508
      flesch: 46
     summary: The spent catalysts after stability tests were characterized by temperature programmed oxidation (TPO) from the temperature of the stability tests (500°C) to 600°C, with a rate of 3°C∙min-1; the latter temperature was held until observing the closure of carbon oxides peaks, which gave a measurement of total carbon deposited on catalyst surface. In order to evaluate the coking resistance of the investigated sample, the results of TPO measurements were employed for the calculation of carbon formation rate (CFR, Eq.3), defined as the ratio of total carbon deposited (mcoke) on catalyst surface during the stability test and the product of catalytic mass (mcat), total mass of carbon fed as ethanol (mcarbon,fed) and time-on- stream (TOS).
    keywords: catalysts; ceo2; ceria; conversion; ethanol; hydrogen; reforming; sio2; steam; temperature
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        item: #3850 of 7527
          id: cet-2344
      author: None
       title: cet-2344
        date: 2017-05-08
       words: 3234
      flesch: 43
     summary: Thus, research on the production of ultra-low sulfur diesel (ULSD) has acquired enormous interest in the scientific community worldwide. Viveros-García T., Ochoa-Tapia J.A., Lobo Oehmichen R., de los Reyes-Heredia J.A., Pérez-Cisneros E.S., 2005, Conceptual design of a reactive distillation process for ultra-low sulfur diesel production, Chem.
    keywords: control; distillation; feed; multiplicity; process; rdp; stages; sulfur; temperature
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        item: #3851 of 7527
          id: cet-2345
      author: None
       title: cet-2345
        date: 2017-05-08
       words: 3962
      flesch: 44
     summary: Results obtained have shown that smaller reactor volumes can be easily obtained: this corresponds to safer processes as the heat removal efficiency is known to be higher as the reactor volume becomes lower. Therefore, following the purpose of eliminating the dead times of a synthesis, the first and simplest solution that has been proposed was to use a series of continuous reactors as CSTRs (acronym for Continuous Stirred Tank Reactors).
    keywords: cstrs; dosing; process; reaction; reactor; runaway; series
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        item: #3852 of 7527
          id: cet-2346
      author: None
       title: cet-2346
        date: 2017-05-08
       words: 3317
      flesch: 52
     summary: Figure 2: Sensitivity analysis for identification of suited sensor positions for temperature control, temperature sensitivity in the prefractionator and the main column is shown after the heat duty (Q) is varied Thus, the first stage above the feed (height of 2.25 m) is chosen as sensor position for temperature control in the prefractionator.
    keywords: column; control; heat; plant; process; rdwc; reactive; temperature; wall
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        item: #3853 of 7527
          id: cet-2347
      author: None
       title: cet-2347
        date: 2017-05-08
       words: 3387
      flesch: 42
     summary: Therefore, the aim of this work is to carry out an LCA analysis to determine the environmental impacts of the industrial stages (considering an in-depth analysis) of coffee beans decaffeination using supercritical carbon dioxide, reporting all the results to the chosen functional unit (1 kg of decaffeinated coffee). 4. Conclusions and perspectives In this work, an in-depth quantitative LCA analysis on coffee beans decaffeination was performed, following a “from gate to gate” approach.
    keywords: beans; caffeine; coffee; cycle; decaffeination; extraction; lca; process
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        item: #3854 of 7527
          id: cet-2348
      author: None
       title: cet-2348
        date: 2017-05-08
       words: 3274
      flesch: 51
     summary: Although crude oil fouling is a complex process involving several parallel mechanisms, it is assumed that the organic-derived fouling takes place through the destabilisation of some components of crude oil, their deposition at the tube wall and subsequent degradation to carbonaceous fouling layer Watkinson (1995). This paper focused on possibility of transporting crude oil blends (Sarir, Messla, Nafoura and Amna) through 34 inch Sarir pipeline about 512 km to Hariqha Seaport, prior to blending the crude oils have to be compatible in order to avoid phase out and precipitation of asphaltenes.
    keywords: asphaltenes; blending; blends; compatibility; crude; number; oil; oils; sbn
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        item: #3855 of 7527
          id: cet-2349
      author: None
       title: cet-2349
        date: 2017-05-08
       words: 2754
      flesch: 52
     summary: Cocoa beans are dried after fermentation in order to reduce the moisture content, being the open-air solar drying (direct solar dryer) and the greenhouse drying (plastic roof solar dryer) two methods used in colombian rural areas. 1712 (a) (b) Figure 2: Solar dryers: (a) plastic roof solar dryer; (b) direct solar dryer.
    keywords: beans; cocoa; content; dryer; drying; moisture; plastic; roof; solar
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        item: #3856 of 7527
          id: cet-235
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-235
        date: 2017-10-04
       words: 4000
      flesch: 67
     summary: The increase of NI caused only a slight decrease in the flow rate of lean solvent (FLS) in all cases. The design and operational parameters of the columns are determined by the following parameters: DOI: 10.3303/CET1761182 Please cite this article as: Lang P., Denes F., Hegely L., 2017, Comparison of different amine solvents for the absorption of co2, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 61, 1105-1110 DOI:10.3303/CET1761182 1105 reaction rate with CO2, absorption ability of CO2 (the (theoretical) loading capacity for MDEA is 1, for DEA and MEA: 0.5 mol CO2/mol amine, respectively), heat of reaction, thermal and chemical stability, environmental effect, corrosivity.
    keywords: absorber; co2; heat; max; mdea; mea; min; solvent
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        item: #3857 of 7527
          id: cet-2350
      author: None
       title: cet-2350
        date: 2017-05-08
       words: 4056
      flesch: 44
     summary: As cherry press cake is mainly composed of skins, it is likely that it retains high amounts of anthocyanins and other phenolics. Therefore, the objective of this work was to demonstrate that PEF applied to fresh cherry fruits prior to pressing induces permeabilization of cell membranes, which enables not only enhanced yields and quality of the expressed juice, but also increased recovery of anthocyanins from cherry press cake extracts. 2. Materials and Methods 2.1 Raw materials Sweet cherries of “Duroni Nero” variety (Campania region, Italy) were purchased from a local supermarket and stored at 4°C until needed.
    keywords: anthocyanins; antioxidant; cherry; juice; pef; press
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        item: #3858 of 7527
          id: cet-2351
      author: None
       title: cet-2351
        date: 2017-05-08
       words: 3657
      flesch: 58
     summary: Values obtained for snacks instrumental texture are presented in Table 5, with all forces in kilo (kg). Sensorial evaluation was performed by hedonic scale with 112 panellists, evaluating snacks texture, flavour and overall appearance.
    keywords: analysis; moisture; results; samples; snacks; table; test; texture; water
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        item: #3859 of 7527
          id: cet-2352
      author: None
       title: cet-2352
        date: 2017-05-08
       words: 2587
      flesch: 48
     summary: In the literature, there are studies focusing on determining heat and momentum transfer to optimize rotational systems like axial, end-over-end and reciprocal agitation retort systems, and they conclude a possible optimum condition based on a force analysis for gravitational, inertial, Coriolis and viscous forces. Even though they can be used for transport of liquid and granular products through the movement of the screw (Patel et al., 2012), their use in food thermal processing systems might also be possible.
    keywords: heat; phases; rotation; rpm; screw; system; transfer; volume
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        item: #3860 of 7527
          id: cet-2353
      author: None
       title: cet-2353
        date: 2017-05-08
       words: 3307
      flesch: 38
     summary: DOI: 10.3303/CET1757290 Please cite this article as: Garcia Acero A.M., Velasquez L M.E., Brandao P.F.B., 2017, Isolation of colombian native bacteria and their potential for ethanol production from xylose and glucose, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 57, 1735-1740 DOI: 10.3303/CET1757290 1735 mailto:amgarciaa@unal.edu.co Since the 1980s, research has been focused on finding pentose-fermenting microorganism and understanding the metabolism of xylose (Olsson & Hahn-Häigerdal, 1996), trying to overcome one of the limitations such as the bioconversion of pentose and achieve the development of an efficient and scalable process for the conversion of this material into ethanol. 2.2 Screening of ethanol-producing bacteria Screening of the axenic isolated cultures for the determination of ethanol production was performed by the double-coupled enzyme assay (oxidase-peroxidase) as previously described by Qi, X. et al. (2011).
    keywords: acid; bacillus; ethanol; fermentation; glucose; isolates; production; xylose
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        item: #3861 of 7527
          id: cet-2354
      author: None
       title: cet-2354
        date: 2017-05-08
       words: 2913
      flesch: 38
     summary: Gunnarsson I.B.; Karakashev, D.B., Angelidaki, I. (2014), Succinic acid production by fermentation of Jerusalem artichoke tuber hydrolysate with Actinobacillus succinogenes 130Z, Industrial Crops and Products, 62, 125-129. 0,00 0,50 1,00 1,50 2,00 2,50 3,00 3,50 4,00 4,50 5,00 5,50 6,00 6,50 7,00 7,50 8,00 8,50 9,00 9,50 10,00 0 12 24 36 48 g /L B io -S u c c in ic a c id Time (h) Bio-Succinic Acid production Cumulative Bio-SA Daily Bio-SA 1745 Li Q., Siles J.A., Thompson I.P., 2010, Succinic acid production from orange peel and wheat straw by batch fermentations of Fibrobacter succinogenes S85., Appl Microbiol Biotechnol., 88(3):671-8. McKinlay J.B., Vieille C., Zeikus J.G., 2007, Prospects for a bio-based succinate industry, Appl Microbiol Biotechnol., 76(4), 727-40. Research and Market, 2014, Global Bio-Succinic Acid Market Research and Analysis, 2014-2020 Song H., Lee S.Y., 2006, Review: Production of succinic acid by bacterial fermentation, Enzyme and Microbial Technology 39, 352–361.
    keywords: 130z; acid; arundo; biomass; donax; fermentation; production; succinic
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        item: #3862 of 7527
          id: cet-2355
      author: None
       title: cet-2355
        date: 2017-05-08
       words: 3850
      flesch: 55
     summary: Vicinal diketones in beers are responsible for the butter aroma of beer (Liguori et al., 2015) other studying authors analyzed vicinal diketone of 11 American beers and found values of 20 - 100 ppb (Krogerus et al., 2013). The increasing number of microbreweries in recent years is a success by the variety of craft beers available in the pubs and markets.
    keywords: acid; ale; american; beers; compounds; craft; et al; min; zhao
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        item: #3863 of 7527
          id: cet-2356
      author: None
       title: cet-2356
        date: 2017-05-08
       words: 3671
      flesch: 55
     summary: For heat sterilization of liquid foods which has high viscosity and shear-thinning property, TaylorCouette (TC) flow system having two coaxial cylinders is applied in this study, and its performance of heat transfer TC flow for a high viscous shear-thinning fluid is investigated numerically. Figure 4: Dependency of global Nusselt number for shear-thinning fluid and Newtonian fluid 3. 2 Heat transfer of continuous TaylorCouette flow Figure 5 shows the axial distribution of temperature for the shear-thinning fluid at the middle of gap at uax = 0.124 cm/s. There was no vortex at  = 50 rad/s, on the other hand, Taylor vortex flow was observed at  = 80 rad/s in the whole region of apparatus.
    keywords: cylinder; flow; fluid; heat; shear; system; taylor; transfer
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        item: #3864 of 7527
          id: cet-2357
      author: None
       title: cet-2357
        date: 2017-05-08
       words: 3494
      flesch: 40
     summary: Such instruments that mimic Nature’s senses which derive DOI: 10.3303/CET1757294 Please cite this article as: Franceschi D., Vincenzi S., Boatto V., Bravi M., 2017, Can sensory analysis and e-noses support the assessment work behind doc and docg wines?, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 57, 1759-1764 DOI: 10.3303/CET1757294 1759 a large number of sensations from a limited number of receptors justify naming their use in combination with data processing algorithms ‘artificial sensory analysis’: the sensor mimics the biologic receptor, while a mathematical algorithm mimics the brain functions of recognition and judgement. The present study was carried out to investigate the relations between electronic nose analysis and judge- based sensory analysis and the assaying commission counsel to address possible ways to ‘inject’ quality assurance tools and concepts in the pipeline of the ‘institutional filter’ of the Prosecco-area DOC/DOCG.
    keywords: analysis; assaying; chemical; commission; conformity; data; gas; nose; panel; wines
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        item: #3865 of 7527
          id: cet-2358
      author: None
       title: cet-2358
        date: 2017-05-08
       words: 2452
      flesch: 60
     summary: The automated strawberry calyx removal flow process. In this table, the accuracies of identifying strawberry calyx and fruit regions are at 97.3% and 98.4%, respectively as verified by the ground truth manually.
    keywords: calyx; figure; machine; removal; strawberries; strawberry; system; vision
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        item: #3866 of 7527
          id: cet-2359
      author: None
       title: cet-2359
        date: 2017-05-08
       words: 3756
      flesch: 35
     summary: 41% of this production is processed in dairy companies, and the other 59% is commercialized in the non-formal market of raw (non-pasteurized) milk. In some cases, the figures of the intermediary and the elaboration in farm are still very important, whereas in other companies the chain is more developed, with a direct relation between the 1773 producer and the industry.
    keywords: companies; company; dairy; innovation; management; milk; production; technologies; technology; variables
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        item: #3867 of 7527
          id: cet-236
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-236
        date: 2017-10-04
       words: 3608
      flesch: 49
     summary: Table 4: Temperature performance of carbon soot coated reactor-absorbers Type of reactor Stagnation temperature [mm] Thermal conductivity [W/m.K] at 298K Wall thickens [mm] glass 12 ~1 0.8 copper 13 401 0.8 stainless steel 10 16 0.6 aluminium 10 205 1 alumina ceramic 7 16 1 1114 Table 3: Temperature performance of the uncoated reactors Reactor material Stagnation temperature
    keywords: aluminium; biomass; dish; energy; radiation; reactor; temperature
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        item: #3868 of 7527
          id: cet-2360
      author: None
       title: cet-2360
        date: 2017-05-08
       words: 4020
      flesch: 46
     summary: This step is fundamental also for the technological quality of the DOI: 10.3303/CET1757297 Please cite this article as: Gruppi A., Duserm Garrido G., Dordoni R., De Faveri D.M., Spigno G., 2017, Enzymatic wheat conditioning, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 57, 1777-1782 DOI: 10.3303/CET1757297 1777 flour, since a complex system of chemical-physical-enzymatic changes occur, partly not yet completely known (Kweon et al., 2009). All the samples were milled in a domestic electric mill (Fidibus Medium Komo) and characterised for: moisture content (by oven drying at 105 °C for 24); weight % of flour with particle size < 0.5 mm (by sieving on a 0.5 mm sieve); free xylose ad glucose content; free total phenols content; total dietary fibre content and antioxidant capacity.
    keywords: content; enzymatic; fibre; flour; phenols; water; wheat
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        item: #3869 of 7527
          id: cet-2361
      author: None
       title: cet-2361
        date: 2017-05-08
       words: 3893
      flesch: 51
     summary: Fanti A., Casu S., Desogus F., Montisci G., Simone M., Casula G.A., Maxia P., Mazzarella G., Carta R., 2015, Evaluation of a microwave resonant cavity as a reactor for enzyme reactions, J. Electromagnet. Microwave (MW) application is an efficient and valuable technique (Casu et al., 2016), able to influence both chemical (Carta and Desogus, 2013) and biological (Carta et al., 2006) reactions, and useful in biochemical processes (Desogus et al., 2016b), e.g. when conducted in a resonant cavity (Fanti et al., 2016), and in some environmental remediation approaches (Desogus et al., 2016c), e.g. operated in a free space by means of an antenna (Spanu et al., 2016).
    keywords: cf,0; inhibition; l-1; model; mol; reaction; sucrose
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        item: #3870 of 7527
          id: cet-2362
      author: None
       title: cet-2362
        date: 2017-05-08
       words: 2998
      flesch: 54
     summary: DOI: 10.3303/CET1757299 Please cite this article as: Petzold G., Orellana P., Moreno J., Cuevas C., 2017, Process parameters of vacuum-assisted freeze concentration, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 57, 1789-1794 DOI: 10.3303/CET1757299 1789 Innovations of freeze concentration have been associated more commonly with developments in the configuration of one-step systems (block freeze concentration or progressive freeze concentration) than with conventional freeze concentration systems (suspension crystallization) because of the simpler separation step (Petzold and Aguilera, 2009; Miyawaki et al., 2012). Recently, the innovations of freeze concentration have been associated more with the one-step configurations than conventional freeze concentration systems (suspension crystallization), because of the simpler separation step.
    keywords: block; concentration; food; freeze; ice; petzold; process; vacuum
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        item: #3871 of 7527
          id: cet-2363
      author: None
       title: cet-2363
        date: 2017-05-08
       words: 4241
      flesch: 46
     summary: Concerning factors able to influence safety behaviors, such as the use of DOI: 10.3303/CET1757300 Please cite this article as: Mariani M.G., Vignoli M., Dibello V., Chiesa R., Guglielmi D., 2017, The importance of considering emotions in the development of effective safety training courses in the food industry, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 57, 1795-1800 DOI: 10.3303/CET1757300 1795 PPE, psychological factors have been extensively studied. 1.1 Emotion and accidents Despite the psychological factors being able to influence safety behaviors, such as the use of PPE, they have been widely studied, research on PPE use focused mainly on rationale aspects able to influence behaviors without considering emotional drivers.
    keywords: behaviors; emotions; factors; gloves; ppe; role; safety; training; use; workers
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        item: #3872 of 7527
          id: cet-2364
      author: None
       title: cet-2364
        date: 2017-05-08
       words: 3236
      flesch: 50
     summary: There are many works in literature using carbon dioxide and co-solvents to extraction coumarin from guaco leaves, since guaco leaves are coumarin source most studied. In this work, coumarin was obtained from cumaru seeds by supercritical extraction using different experimental conditions of temperature, pressure, type and percentage of modifier.
    keywords: coumarin; cumaru; doi; ethanol; extraction; modifier; seeds; soxhlet
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        item: #3873 of 7527
          id: cet-2365
      author: None
       title: cet-2365
        date: 2017-05-08
       words: 3675
      flesch: 61
     summary: 0.01b 5.22 ± 0.76b 0.05 ± 0.01a 70 0.12 ± 0.00a,b 0.13 ± 0.00b 0.27 ± In order to evaluate the influence of particles size distribution on polyphenols’ release during the decoction and infusion processes, dried olive leaves at 70 °C under N2 flow were used.
    keywords: drying; extraction; leaves; olive; size
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        item: #3874 of 7527
          id: cet-2366
      author: None
       title: cet-2366
        date: 2017-05-08
       words: 3118
      flesch: 45
     summary: Particularly, as per this current communication, the use of domestic types of ozone application has been of increasing/keen interest to the author. Khadre, M.A., Yousef, A.E., Kim, J.G., 2001, Microbiological aspects of ozone applications in food: A review.
    keywords: doi; et al; fish; food; okpala; okpala et; ozone; o’donnell; processing
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        item: #3875 of 7527
          id: cet-2367
      author: None
       title: cet-2367
        date: 2017-05-08
       words: 3832
      flesch: 55
     summary: 2.3 AnMBR (anaerobic membrane reactor) treatment: preliminary results at semi-industrial scale A semi-industrial scale anaerobic digester coupled with an external cross-flow UF membrane was used in the present study to test the process of anaerobic digestion with UF-CW feed and to test the membrane fouling occurring during operation. Standard spiral wound ultrafiltration elements, polyethersulphone DOI: 10.3303/CET1757304 Please cite this article as: Tanzi G., Tonsi M., Grilli C., Malpei C., 2017, Dairy by-products valorization with biomethane and biohydrogen production through lactose fermentation in anmbr, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 57, 1819-1824 DOI: 10.3303/CET1757304 1819 active layer, allow to achieve up to15% protein concentration.
    keywords: anaerobic; concentration; feed; hydrogen; lactose; membrane; production; proteins; ultrafiltration; whey
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        item: #3876 of 7527
          id: cet-2368
      author: None
       title: cet-2368
        date: 2017-05-08
       words: 3626
      flesch: 49
     summary: Many papers were published on LCA of the agricultural stages of tomato production. Karakaya A., Özilgen M., 2011, Energy utilization and carbon dioxide emission in the fresh, paste, whole- peeled, diced, and juiced tomato production processes, Energy, 36, 5101–5110.
    keywords: assessment; cycle; energy; lca; life; process; production; tomato
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        item: #3877 of 7527
          id: cet-2369
      author: None
       title: cet-2369
        date: 2017-05-08
       words: 3687
      flesch: 51
     summary: Tomato peels and the SCG were preliminary micronized by HPH in water suspension, and then dried and dispersed in the oil phase. The idea of exploiting capillary bridges to stabilize particle suspensions, as well as to tune the flow behavior of food suspensions is not new (Hoffmann et al., 2014).
    keywords: food; hph; lycopene; oil; particles; peels; phase; suspensions; tomato; water
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        item: #3878 of 7527
          id: cet-237
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-237
        date: 2017-10-04
       words: 2896
      flesch: 41
     summary: The characteristics of household electricity consumption was considered to be an essential information for overview estimation of energy usage. A questionnaire interview survey of 2,500 households concerning 36 kinds of appliances was conducted covering urban and rural areas in northern region in 2016 to identify the characteristics of household electricity consumption.
    keywords: appliances; consumption; electricity; electricity consumption; energy; gwh; household; northern
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        item: #3879 of 7527
          id: cet-2370
      author: None
       title: cet-2370
        date: 2017-05-08
       words: 3054
      flesch: 58
     summary: Color, total phenolic compounds and total monomeric anthocyanins were evaluated. The determination of total phenolic compounds (TPC) was performed using Folin-Ciocalteu reagent.
    keywords: anthocyanins; compounds; food; light; stability; temperature
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        item: #3880 of 7527
          id: cet-2371
      author: None
       title: cet-2371
        date: 2017-05-08
       words: 3270
      flesch: 53
     summary: It can be observed (Figure 1) that there was no significant change in sorbet color in the first 15 days of storage. A linear relationship was observed from the plots of the betacyanin content versus time, implying first-order reaction kinetics for beetroot extract and microcapsules degradation.
    keywords: betacyanin; color; extract; food; microcapsules; sorbet; stability; storage
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        item: #3881 of 7527
          id: cet-2372
      author: None
       title: cet-2372
        date: 2017-05-08
       words: 3612
      flesch: 51
     summary: McAuliffe, G. A., Chapman, D. V., Sage, C. L., 2016, A thematic review of life cycle assessment (LCA) applied to pig production, Environ Impact Asses, 56, 12-22. Mekonnen, M. M., Hoekstra, A. Y., 2012, A Global Assessment of the Water Footprint of Farm Animal Products, Ecosystems, 15, 401-415. Moreau, V.; Weidema, B.P., 2015, The computational structure of environmental life cycle costing, Int. Compared to the initial time of storage, the Mozzarella cheeses underwent several expected variations during the time, as a decrease of pH, NaCl %, the hardness parameter and an increase of the Total Microbial Count.
    keywords: assessment; cheese; cycle; food; life; life cycle; mozzarella; production; shelf
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        item: #3882 of 7527
          id: cet-2373
      author: None
       title: cet-2373
        date: 2017-05-08
       words: 3643
      flesch: 47
     summary: The functional, organoleptic and mechanical properties of starch films can be modified by addition of various chemical agents or physical modifications in certain amounts (Hu et al., 2009; Vanier et al., 2017). Philadelphia: American Society for Testing Materials Bergo P.V.A., Moraes I.C.F., Sobral P.J.A., 2012, Effects of moisture content on structural and dielectric properties of cassava starch films, Starke, 64, 835-839, DOI: 10.1002/star.201200023 Bittante A.M.Q.B., Lacerda R.S., Oliveira T., Makishi G.L.A., Costa P.A., Chambi H.N.M., Gomide C.A., Sobral P.J.A., 2014, Properties of biodegradable films made with proteins extracted from castor bean (ricinus communis) cake: effect of protein extraction ph, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 37, 751-756, DOI: 10.3303/CET1437126 Bonilla-Lagos J., Vicentini N.M., Santos R.M.C., Bittante A.M.Q.B., Sobral P.J.A., 2015, Mechanical properties of cassava starch films as affected by different plasticizers and different relative humidity conditions, International Journal of Food Studies, 4,116-125, DOI: 10.7455/ijfs/4.1.2015.a10 Charles A.L., Cato K., Huang, T.-C., Chang Y.-H., Ciou J.-Y., Chang J.-S., Lin H.-H., Functional properties of arrowroot starch in cassava and sweet potato composite starches, Food Hydrocolloids, 53, 187-191, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foodhyd.2015.01.024 Daudt R.M., Avena-Bustillos R.J., Williams T., Wood D.F., Külkamp-Guerreiro I.C., Marczak L.D.F., Mchugh T.H., 2016, Comparative study on properties of edible films based on pinhão (Araucaria angustifolia) starch and flour, Food Hydrocolloids, 60, 279-287, DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2016.03.040 Fonseca L.M., Gonçalves J.R., Halal S.L.M.E., Pinto V.Z., Dias A.R.G., Jacques A.C., Zavareze E.R., 2015, Oxidation of potato starch with different sodium hypochlorite concentrations and its effect on biodegradable films, LWT - Food Science and Technology, 60, 714-720, DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2014.10.052 Halal S.L.M.E., Colussi R., Pinto V.Z., Bartz J., Radunz M., Carreño N.L.V., Dias A.R.G., Zavareze E.R., 2015, Structure, morphology and functionality of acetylated and oxidised barley starches, Food Chemistry, 168, 247-256, DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2014.07.046 Hu G., Chen J., Gao J., 2009, Preparation and characteristics of oxidized potato starch films, Carbohydrate Polymers, 76, 291-298, DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2008.10.032 Londoño-Restrepo S.M., Rincón-Londoño N., Contreras-Padilla M., Acosta-Osorio A.A., Bello-Pérez L.A., Lucas-Aguirre L.A., Quintero V.D., Pineda-Gómez P., Real-López A., Rodríguez-García M.E., 2014, Physicochemical, morphological, and rheological characterization of Xanthosoma robustum Lego-like starch, International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, 65, 222-228, DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2014.01.035 1859 Ma Q., Zhang Y., Zhong Q., 2016, Physical and antimicrobial properties of chitosan films incorporated with lauric arginate, cinnamon oil, and ethylenediaminetetraacetate, LWT - Food Science and Technology 65, 173-179, DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2015.08.012 Makishi G.L.A., Lacerda R.S., Bittante A.M.Q.B., Chambi H.N.M., Costa P.A., Gomide C.A., Carvalho R.A., Sobral P.J.A., 2013, Films based on castor bean (Ricinus communis L.) proteins crosslinkedwith glutaraldehyde and glyoxal, Industrial Crops and Products, 50, 375-382, DOI: 10.1016/j.indcrop.2013.07.025 Ortega-Toro R., Munoz A., Talens P., Chiralt A., 2016, Improvement of properties of glycerol plasticized starch films by blending with a low ratio of polycaprolactone and/or polyethylene glycol, Food Hydrocolloids, 56, 9-19, DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2015.11.029 Saberi B., Thakur R., Vuonga Q.V., Chockchaisawasdee S., Golding J.B., Scarlett C.J., Stathopoulos C.E., 2016, Optimization of physical and optical properties of biodegradable edible films based on pea starch and guar gum, Industrial Crops and Products, 86, 342-352, DOI: 10.1016/j.indcrop.2016.04.015 Sanyang M.L., Sapuan S.M., Jawaid M., Ishak M.R., Sahari J., 2016, Development and characterization of sugar palm starch and poly(lactic acid) bilayer films, Carbohydrate Polymers, 146, 36-45, DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2016.03.051 Sobral, P.J.A., Menegalli F.C., Hubinger M.D., Roques M.A., 2001, Mechanical, water vapour barrier and thermal properties of gelatin based edible films, Food Hydrocolloids, 15, 423-432, DOI: 10.1016/S0268- 005X(01)00061-3 Souza A.C., Benze R., Ferrão E.S., Ditchfield C., Coelho A.C.V., Tadini C.C., 2012, Cassava starch biodegradable films: Influence of glycerol and clay nanoparticles content on tensile and barrier properties and glass transition temperature, LWT - Food Science and Technology, 46, 110-117, DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2011.10.018 Vanier N.L., Halal S.L.M.E., Dias A.R.G., Zavareze E.R., 2017, Molecular structure, functionality and applications of oxidized starches: A review, Food Chemistry, 221, 1546-1559, DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2016.10.138 Vanin F.M., Hirano M.H., Carvalho R.A., Moraes I.C.F., Bittante A.M.Q.B., Sobral P.J.A., 2014, Development of active gelatin-based nanocomposite films produced in an automatic spreader, Food Research International, 63, 16-24, DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2014.03.028 Villas-Boas F., Franco C.M.L., 2016 Effect of bacterial b-amylase and fungal a-amylase on the digestibility and structural characteristics of potato and arrowroot starches, Food Hydrocolloids, 52, 795-803, DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2015.08.024. Zamudio-Flores P.B., Vargas-Torres A., Pérez-González J., Bosquez-Molina E., Bello-Pérez L.A., 2006, Films prepared with oxidized banana starch:
    keywords: arrowroot; blends; doi; et al; films; gelatin; native; properties; sg50_50; starch; water
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        item: #3883 of 7527
          id: cet-2374
      author: None
       title: cet-2374
        date: 2017-05-08
       words: 3056
      flesch: 46
     summary: The different soil management has resulted to be determinant in Arundo biomass production (Nasi o di Naso et al. 2010; 1863 The glucose concentration (Figure 1) is higher in cases where both kind of hydrolysis were done consecutively, being slightly higher when acid hydrolysis is done with HCl.
    keywords: acid; arundo; biomass; donax; fermentation; glucose; hydrolysis; oils; production
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        item: #3884 of 7527
          id: cet-2375
      author: None
       title: cet-2375
        date: 2017-05-08
       words: 3172
      flesch: 45
     summary: Specifically, cold plasma treatment of salad leaves generates CWM gels with higher coordination of the gel polymers network, as quantified by means of the Bohlin’s theory on week gels. Food industry is particularly interested in the possibilities of exploitation of a particular type of plasma, known as non-equilibrium plasma or cold plasma (Misra et al, 2016).
    keywords: cwm; flow; food; leaves; life; plasma; pressure; relaxation; salad; time; treatment
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        item: #3885 of 7527
          id: cet-2376
      author: None
       title: cet-2376
        date: 2017-05-08
       words: 2884
      flesch: 52
     summary: CA membranes at 12, 18 and 24% w/w were produced, containing a percentage of 10% w/w of Cu with respect the CA content. In this way, the optimum combination between process parameters/polymer parameters can be selected in dependence of the specific membrane application. 1876 Figure 3: Cu release curves from CA membranes at 12, 18 and 24% w/w, obtained at 200 bar, 45 °C, 3 h.
    keywords: baldino; co2; membranes; phase
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        item: #3886 of 7527
          id: cet-2377
      author: None
       title: cet-2377
        date: 2017-05-08
       words: 3801
      flesch: 46
     summary: Keywords: Oxygen scavenging, Mathematical modelling, Polyesters, Food packaging, Active films 1. Table 1: Total and single layer thicknesses for active films produced Sample Total thickness
    keywords: broccoli; films; inert; layer; multilayer; order; oxygen; pet; scavenging; time
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        item: #3887 of 7527
          id: cet-2378
      author: None
       title: cet-2378
        date: 2017-05-08
       words: 3142
      flesch: 48
     summary: The present study was planned to examine the contributions of MD, AG and OPC to the structural architecture of encapsulated OPC by means of scanning electron microscopy (SEM), their encapsulation efficiency and their functionality (antioxidant activity and bioavailability) by spectrophotometric assays and mass spectrometry analysis (MALDI-TOF-MS). The in vitro digestion experiments showed also that composition and functionality of encapsulated OPC were better preserved along gastrointestinal digestion process.
    keywords: antioxidant; encapsulation; food; microcapsules; opc; samples
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        item: #3888 of 7527
          id: cet-2379
      author: None
       title: cet-2379
        date: 2017-05-08
       words: 2951
      flesch: 51
     summary: Moreover, it could form strong protective matrix around the core material, this resulted in higher encapsulation efficiency values with increasing gum arabic concentration in coating material (Madene et al. 2006; Mcnamee et al. 1998). The Effects of Maltodextrin and Gum Arabic on Encapsulation of Onion Skin Phenolic Compounds Busra Akdeniz, Gulum Sumnu*, Serpil Sahin Department of Food Engineering, Middle East Technical University, 06800, Ankara, Turkey gulum@metu.edu.tr In this study, the effect of coating material and core to coating ratio on the encapsulation of phenolic compounds extracted from the onion skin was investigated.
    keywords: arabic; coating; core; encapsulation; gum; material; ratio
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        item: #3889 of 7527
          id: cet-238
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-238
        date: 2017-10-04
       words: 3542
      flesch: 45
     summary: 2.2 Thermal energy recovery via organic Rankine cycles ORC is a promising alternative for recovery of LNG cold energy. ORC applied for LNG cold energy recovery is driven by the temperature difference between 1124 cryogenic conditions and, usually seawater whose sensible heat is exploited as energy input for operation of ORC.
    keywords: energy; expansion; heat; lng; orc; power; pressure; recovery; regasification
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        item: #3890 of 7527
          id: cet-2380
      author: None
       title: cet-2380
        date: 2017-05-08
       words: 2754
      flesch: 56
     summary: The dip coating of a plate by non-Newtonian liquids, including yield stress liquids was also considered in the literature (Ashmore et al, 2007, Maillard et al, 2014 and Maillard et al. 2015). The yield stress of the different solutions used in the study was determined with creep tests and shear ramps from 5 10-3 to 102 reciprocal seconds were used to fit the remaining parameters of the Herschel- Bulkley rheological model: 1898 Figure 3 shows typical profiles obtained from the rheometric tests with yield stress liquids, including a shear ramp (left) and a creep test (right).
    keywords: coating; liquids; plate; stress; thickness; withdrawal; yield
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        item: #3891 of 7527
          id: cet-2381
      author: None
       title: cet-2381
        date: 2017-05-08
       words: 3542
      flesch: 50
     summary: n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. However, some compositional characteristics can adversely affect the walnut quality, making valuable the development of more versatile and stable derived products (Dordoni et al., 2015).
    keywords: b b; compounds; freeze; samples; storage; walnut; wpc50
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        item: #3892 of 7527
          id: cet-2382
      author: None
       title: cet-2382
        date: 2017-05-08
       words: 3130
      flesch: 60
     summary: Therefore, the main objective of the study is to determine the effects of carob bean flour and different proteins (soy protein, and whey protein) on specific gravity of cake batter and quality of cakes. The aim was to investigate the effects of partial replacement of rice flour by carob bean flour at different concentrations (10%, 20%, and 30%) and addition of different types of proteins (soy protein and whey protein) on specific gravity and quality of cakes (specific volume, hardness).
    keywords: bean; bean flour; cakes; carob; carob bean; flour; protein; soy; volume; whey
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        item: #3893 of 7527
          id: cet-2383
      author: None
       title: cet-2383
        date: 2017-05-08
       words: 3059
      flesch: 42
     summary: Hernandez Sanchez M.R., Cuvelier M.E., Turchiuli C., 2016, Effect of a-tocopherol on oxidative stability of oil during spray drying and storage of dried emulsions. Whatever the powder, no lag phase was observed and oil oxidation started from the beginning of the test probably due to the initiation of oxidation during spray drying as it was demonstrated by Hernandez Sanchez et al.
    keywords: antioxidant; conditions; drying; emulsion; oil; oxidation; particles; spray
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        item: #3894 of 7527
          id: cet-2384
      author: None
       title: cet-2384
        date: 2017-05-08
       words: 3524
      flesch: 59
     summary: According to Gates et al. (2008) the increase of humidity in snacks results in a softer and more plastic snacks. The new product has the same sensorial and physical chemical characteristics compared to oil flavoured snack. 1925 Acknowledgments Financial support CAPES, Brazil for the doctorate scholarships, and the Fundação Araucária for the support in promoting the results.
    keywords: days; fat; results; samples; snacks; starch; table; test
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        item: #3895 of 7527
          id: cet-2385
      author: None
       title: cet-2385
        date: 2017-05-08
       words: 3937
      flesch: 54
     summary: Overall, these results indicate that red beet digestion is influenced by preparation method, which may influence the rate of gastric emptying and nutrient availability. The initial acidity of raw red beets (0.46 ± 0.15 mmol H+/g dry matter) was the lowest among all initial acidity values.
    keywords: acid; beets; buffering; capacity; digestion; gastric; raw; red
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        item: #3896 of 7527
          id: cet-2386
      author: None
       title: cet-2386
        date: 2017-05-08
       words: 2985
      flesch: 41
     summary: Acknowledgments We acknowledge the kind gift of CNC samples from D. Kam (Hebrew University of Jerusalem). We found that large and fast deformations, typically applied in colloidal gels to rejuvenate the samples, in CNC anisotropic phases promote sample alignment which in turn lowers its mechanical properties.
    keywords: ccnc; cellulose; cnc; figure; linear; phase; sample; shear
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        item: #3897 of 7527
          id: cet-2387
      author: None
       title: cet-2387
        date: 2017-05-08
       words: 3025
      flesch: 58
     summary: Several studies (Hamlett et al. 2011; Raux et al. 2013) investigated spontaneous wicking in a compact pile of grains and found that the critical contact angle, θ*, below which wicking takes place is considerably lower than 90˚. The contact angle below which wicking or detachment of powder island from the interface is measured for different grain sizes. The interplay of grain contact angle and size was also quantitatively demonstrated.
    keywords: angle; contact; figure; interface; island; liquid; powder
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        item: #3898 of 7527
          id: cet-2388
      author: None
       title: cet-2388
        date: 2017-05-08
       words: 3796
      flesch: 40
     summary: Regarding the chosen environmental indicators, they are consistent with the recommendations given in the available Product Category Rules, as proposed to develop the Environmental Product Declarations (EPD) for specific brands of wine (Life HAproWINE, 2013; Envirodec, 2015) and published guidelines for sustainable wine growing (CAWG, 2012). Envirodec, 2015, Product Category Rules: Wine of fresh grapes, except sparkling wine; wine must, UN CPC 24212 <http://www.environdec.com/> accessed 12.04.2016 IWCC, 2017, International Wine Carbon Calculator <https://fivs.org/wm/strategicInitiatives/fivsForesee.htm> Life HAproWINE, 2013, Product Categories for wine <http://www.haprowine.eu/documentacion_e.html> Martins A.A., Mata T.M., Costa C.A.V., Sikdar S.K., 2007, Framework for sustainability metrics.
    keywords: bottling; carbon; cycle; data; indicators; intensity; life; study; sustainability; wine
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        item: #3899 of 7527
          id: cet-2389
      author: None
       title: cet-2389
        date: 2017-05-08
       words: 3302
      flesch: 54
     summary: Mean values found for the color of lycopene powder dye and its application in beverages. The aim of this work was to obtain lycopene dye from pulp São Caetano melon.
    keywords: caetano; color; dye; food; lycopene; maltodextrin; melon; powder; são
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        item: #3900 of 7527
          id: cet-239
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-239
        date: 2017-10-04
       words: 3171
      flesch: 47
     summary: The advancement in the research related to development and application of membrane separation processes is one of the most significant achievement in chemical, environmental and biological process engineering (Lyshevski, 2014). Bowen W.R., Mohammad A.W., Hilal N., 1997, Characterisation of Nanofiltration Membranes for Predictive Purposes - Use of Salts, Uncharged Solutes and Atomic Force Microscopy, Journal of Membrane Science, 12, 91-105.
    keywords: concentration; figure; flux; ions; membrane; rejection; separation
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        item: #3901 of 7527
          id: cet-2390
      author: None
       title: cet-2390
        date: 2017-05-08
       words: 3124
      flesch: 56
     summary: This work aims to show the potentiality of isothermal microcalorimetry as a tool for monitoring different fermentations. In case of isoelectric point for milk (pH 4.5), it was reached at different fermentation time depending on milk and starter used.
    keywords: commercial; dough; fermentation; flow; heat; starter; time; yeast
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        item: #3902 of 7527
          id: cet-2391
      author: None
       title: cet-2391
        date: 2017-05-08
       words: 3288
      flesch: 46
     summary: However, better performance in both hydrogen production and waste utilization from decanter cake and crude glycerol fermentation could be more effectively improved by using two-stage fermentation. The biochemical methane potential tests, the applied method to determine hydrogen production, were conducted to evaluate the effect of crude glycerol in decanter cake fermentation at the varying glycerol concentration of 0.25-2% wv-1 under thermophilic condition (55°C).
    keywords: cake; days; decanter; digestion; fermentation; glc; glycerol; hydrogen; production
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        item: #3903 of 7527
          id: cet-2392
      author: None
       title: cet-2392
        date: 2017-05-25
       words: 3740
      flesch: 43
     summary: Researches that studied potassium sorbates incorporation in biodegradable starch films reported similar results to this study, attributing the fact to the film crystallinity reduction by the presence of the potassium sorbates molecule that promotes alteration of the starch network making them less resistant and rigid, yet more flexible (Fama et al., 2005; Flores et al., 2007; Shen et al., 2010). DOI: 10.3303/CET1757329 Please cite this article as: Fidelis J., Marchi L., Marques D.R., Scapim M., Madrona G., Monteiro C.C.F., Yamashita F., Monteiro A.R.G., 2017, Development of biodegradable films of cassava starch and poly (butylene adipate co-terephthalate): effects of oregano essential oil and potassium sorbate in films characterization, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 57, 1969-1974 DOI: 10.3303/CET1757329 1969 Materials produced from thermoplastic starch blends with other biodegradable polymers have become an option for the development of lower cost biodegradable packages with better mechanical and barrier properties (Brandelero et al., 2012; Ren et al., 2009).
    keywords: doi; films; food; oeo; oil; oregano; potassium; properties; starch; water
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        item: #3904 of 7527
          id: cet-2393
      author: None
       title: cet-2393
        date: 2017-05-08
       words: 3349
      flesch: 52
     summary: The use of recombinant strain was reported in many works: Kim (2000) described PHA production with rE. coli GCSC6576 in fed-batch oxygen limited culture; Ahn et al. In all the aforesaid examples of PHA production on whey, the use of a pure culture, recombinant or not, required aseptic condition with additional operations and costs.
    keywords: biomass; medium; pha; production; whey
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        item: #3905 of 7527
          id: cet-2394
      author: None
       title: cet-2394
        date: 2017-05-08
       words: 2167
      flesch: 43
     summary: This fact is confirmed by the accuracy of the linear correlation obtained between these parameters within the models obtained, allowing to generate a tool not only for alcoholic beverage industry but also for food sector, due to its simplicity and speed, since it is possible to follow alcoholic mead fermentations by using these types of techniques. DOI: 10.3303/CET1757331 Please cite this article as: Cuenca M., Blanco A., Zuluaga C., 2017, Electroanalysis applied to monitor mead fermentations, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 57, 1981-1986 DOI: 10.3303/CET1757331 1981 There are a lot of studies which report voltammetric sensors applied to alcoholic beverages characterization (Novakowski et al. 2011; Wei et al. 2011; Prieto et al. 2011; Pigani et al. 2011; Gil-Sánchez et al. 2011; Gutiérrez et al. 2011).
    keywords: doi; ethanol; fermentation; mead
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        item: #3906 of 7527
          id: cet-2395
      author: None
       title: cet-2395
        date: 2017-05-08
       words: 2871
      flesch: 50
     summary: In the present work, the effect of partial ozonation and thermal pretreatment on the CH4 production by the anaerobic digestion of palm oil decanter cake was studied. According to characteristics of palm oil decanter cake, high cellulose hemicellulose and lignin were consisted.
    keywords: biogas; cake; decanter; min; oil; ozonation; palm; pretreatment; production; sugar
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        item: #3907 of 7527
          id: cet-2396
      author: None
       title: cet-2396
        date: 2017-05-08
       words: 3589
      flesch: 61
     summary: 60 876,71b± 34,27 81,01b ± 0,89 90 1164,6a± 20,61 83,34ab ± 3,69 1995 Table 3: Average L*of samples with different extract concentration. 12,77ABa ± 0,45 11,69Bab ± 1,30 2 14,37Aa ± 0,36 13,52Aa ± 1,46
    keywords: analysis; beef; days; difference; extract; moringa; results; table; values
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        item: #3908 of 7527
          id: cet-2397
      author: None
       title: cet-2397
        date: 2017-05-08
       words: 3937
      flesch: 45
     summary: Leper H., Friesenhagen L., 1986, Process for the production of fatty acid esters of short-chain aliphatic alcohols from fats and or oils containing free fatty acids. The concentration of each species can be written in terms of the yield in fatty acids ethyl esters for isothermal system where the feed of reactor contains only ethanol and SODD (Pinnarat and Savage (2010)).
    keywords: acids; conversion; esterification; esters; ethanol; fatty; molar; oil; ratio; reaction; sodd; supercritical
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        item: #3909 of 7527
          id: cet-2398
      author: None
       title: cet-2398
        date: 2017-05-08
       words: 3725
      flesch: 43
     summary: 2.3 Experimental planning for the study of the best esterification conditions After the enzyme selection, the experiments were planned in order to vary five parameters so as to optimize the FFA esterification: reaction temperature, alcohol/FFA mass ratio, enzyme/fat mass ratio, reaction time and alcohol type. Results show that at the best operating conditions (2 h of reaction time, 55 ºC of temperature, enzyme/fat mass ratio of 0.0024 and ethanol/FFA mass ratio of 1.6 wt/wt) at least 57 % reduction of free fatty acids can be achieved in just one reaction step.
    keywords: enzyme; esterification; fat; mass; mass ratio; ratio; reaction
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        item: #3910 of 7527
          id: cet-2399
      author: None
       title: cet-2399
        date: 2017-05-08
       words: 3748
      flesch: 49
     summary: This paper reports the development and the results of a procedure aimed at measuring, modelling and validating the growth of surface molds in industrial salami ripening by relying on techniques of image analysis. Several studies have been made on surface molds from microbiological and toxigenic viewpoints (Ferrara et al., 2016b).
    keywords: colonies; fungal; image; mold; number; ripening; salami; sausage; surface; time
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        item: #3911 of 7527
          id: cet-240
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-240
        date: 2017-10-04
       words: 4103
      flesch: 43
     summary: This can be seen 1 – because of absence of exo-effect at 633 K on DTA curve corresponding to the destruction of individual HPA for the low percentage samples, 2 – because of coincidence of the a.b. of low percentage HPA and carrier in IR spectra at shift of characteristics on 1 - 20 cm -1 to higher absorption frequencies (Table 1) and 3 – because of shift of TPR peaks of low percentage samples to higher temperatures area due to increasing the bond strength of structural oxygen. The concentration of cation-radicals of benzene and naphthalene passes through a minimum for low percentage catalysts, whereas for anthracene reaches its plateau.
    keywords: carrier; catalysts; ch4; concentration; content; hpa; methane; oxygen; surface; water
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        item: #3912 of 7527
          id: cet-2400
      author: None
       title: cet-2400
        date: 2017-05-08
       words: 3393
      flesch: 51
     summary: Introduction Freezing operation is one of the most widely used methods to preserve food products for extended shelf life. During thawing, the properties of food product (thermo-physical and dielectric properties) change dramatically with temperature.
    keywords: batch; food; heating; temperature; thawing; uniformity
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        item: #3913 of 7527
          id: cet-2401
      author: None
       title: cet-2401
        date: 2017-05-08
       words: 4238
      flesch: 35
     summary: The aim of this research is to investigate the role of smallholder farming in tackling food security and sustainability related challenges in the developed world. The simulation results from a scenario analysis indicate that appropriate governance and effective policy-making interventions, supporting smallholding farming and short food supply chains in the developed world, provide promising grounds towards ensuring food security and social cohesion, while further promoting economic growth and environmental sustainability.
    keywords: cereals; consumption; doi; food; food security; policy; production; security; sfs; smallholdings; system; world
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        item: #3914 of 7527
          id: cet-2402
      author: None
       title: cet-2402
        date: 2017-05-08
       words: 3794
      flesch: 48
     summary: Simulation Experimental data I Experimental data NI (B) Figure 5: Comparison between experimental and (A) predicted sausage weight loss in heterogeneous (porous medium) and homogeneous model, (B) predicted values of the average sausage water content in heterogeneous (porous medium) and homogeneous model 0 The shelf life of fermented sausages belonging to the Italian tradition is determined by lowering free water (i.e., water activity, aw) below the limit for growth of spoilage microorganisms (Leistener et al., 1987).
    keywords: data; drying; figure; meat; model; ripening; sausage; simulation; water
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        item: #3915 of 7527
          id: cet-2403
      author: None
       title: cet-2403
        date: 2017-05-08
       words: 3440
      flesch: 55
     summary: According to the data that identify an apple either good or bad is called apple odour pattern recognition. It can detect the gas used of changes in surface resistance of gas sensors.
    keywords: apple; circuit; dsp; gas; network; odour; recognition; results; ripeness; sensor; system
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        item: #3916 of 7527
          id: cet-2404
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 1murphy.docx
        date: 2017-07-19
       words: 2673
      flesch: 47
     summary: Thus, term maps provide overviews for identifying the structure of a field. Hereafter, we will refer to maps displaying clusters as term maps.
    keywords: agriculture; mapping; maps; precision; publications; research; term; van
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        item: #3917 of 7527
          id: cet-2405
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-2405
        date: 2018-04-24
       words: 3698
      flesch: 52
     summary: Table 1: Pre-treatment approach for enhanced biogas production. A case study considers different pre-treatment, digestate treatments and biogas post-treatments for different final utilisation was presented.
    keywords: biogas; cost; digestate; eur; graph; lignocellulosic; post; pre; study; treatment
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        item: #3918 of 7527
          id: cet-2406
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-2406
        date: 2018-04-24
       words: 3191
      flesch: 53
     summary: Ly Thuong Kiet Street, Distric 10, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam lmvien@hcmut.edu.vn Proton conductivity of indium-doped cerium diphosphate (CeP2O7) was investigated to explore its potential for application as an electrolyte in intermediate temperature fuel cells. The results indicate that Ce0.95In0.05P2O7 is a promising material for the fabrication of intermediate temperature fuel cells.
    keywords: cep2o7; conductivity; electrolyte; fuel; temperature
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        item: #3919 of 7527
          id: cet-2407
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-2407
        date: 2018-04-24
       words: 3517
      flesch: 49
     summary: Various digital image processing techniques namely Maximum Likelihood and a sub-pixel classification were applied to obtain tree coverage of urban trees/forest, mangrove and oil palm. In the Asian region there has been an increased interest in carbon sequestration and storage by urban trees due to their potential in reducing the atmospheric and surface temperature via shading and CO2 absorption (e.g. Yang et al., 2005).
    keywords: carbon; cities; co2; cover; johor; land; malaysia; storage; trees; urban
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        item: #3920 of 7527
          id: cet-2408
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-2408
        date: 2018-04-24
       words: 3680
      flesch: 42
     summary: The overall ratio between primary utility and derived utility _ , prim der up ud r , considering all transformations, is determined as the ratio between the sum of primary utility energy flow share over each transformation , , prim up ud t E and sum of derived utility energy flow , der ud t E (Eq(5)). The first step toward integration of different energy sectors is to properly assess the primary energy source demand.
    keywords: efficiency; energy; primary; sector; transport; ud e; ud ud; utility
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        item: #3921 of 7527
          id: cet-2409
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-2409
        date: 2018-04-24
       words: 3380
      flesch: 51
     summary: Urban land use changes, e.g., loss of vegetation, enlarged built-up and open areas, as well as increased expanse of urban fabrics like asphalt and concrete can change a city's local climate through the modification of a variety of physical and biological characteristics of the environment (Bounoua et al., 2009). Sheikhi A., Kanniah K.D., Ho C.H., 2015, Effect of land cover and green space on land surface temperature of a fast growing economic region in Malaysia, SPIE Remote Sensing, 21st-24th September, Toulouse, France.
    keywords: cover; iskandar; land; lst; malaysia; temperature; urban
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        item: #3922 of 7527
          id: cet-241
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-241
        date: 2017-10-04
       words: 4379
      flesch: 53
     summary: The number of water reuse headers is based on the extracted data of water sources from each plants. , , = , , − , , (6) The concentration of unutilised water source is the same as concentration of water source extracted earlier.
    keywords: plant; wastewater; water
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        item: #3923 of 7527
          id: cet-2410
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-2410
        date: 2018-04-24
       words: 3578
      flesch: 49
     summary: (2013) looked at Total Site utility systems planning using a sensitivity analysis to set design loads. The study investigates several DOI: 10.3303/CET1863006 Please cite this article as: Timothy G. Walmsley, Xuexiu Jia, Matthias Philipp, Andreja Nemet, Peng Yen Liew, Jiří Jaromír Klemeš, Petar S. Varbanov, 2018, Total site utility system structural design using p-graph, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 63, 31-36 DOI:10.3303/CET1863006 31 competing and complementary technologies and their application by integrating these into a P-graph superstructure.
    keywords: cost; energy; gas; heat; site; steam; system; total; utility; water
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        item: #3924 of 7527
          id: cet-2411
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-2411
        date: 2018-04-24
       words: 3730
      flesch: 55
     summary: The aim of this study is to estimate the amount of CO2 emission from energy consumption by tourist transportation in Koh Mak Island, Trat province, Thailand. The purposes of this study are to propose a technique to predict the amount of CO2 emission by bottom-up technique and GHG mitigation options on the tourist transportation in Koh Mak Island, Thailand.
    keywords: co2; consumption; emission; energy; island; koh; mak; thailand; tourist; transportation
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        item: #3925 of 7527
          id: cet-2412
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-2412
        date: 2018-04-24
       words: 2883
      flesch: 51
     summary: 3. Results and discussion 3.1 Environment assessment There was a considerable difference between fossil fuels, including coal, oil and gas, and other sources of power generation as summarised in Table 1. DOI: 10.3303/CET1863008 Please cite this article as: Shunsuke Muneno, Koji Otsuka, 2018, Comprehensive evaluation of power generation methods by inclusive impact index, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 63, 43-48 DOI:10.3303/CET1863008 43 2. Materials and methods 2.1 Introduction to renewable energy Renewable energy is energy that is derived from natural processes that are continuously replenished at a higher rate than they are consumed.
    keywords: co2; energy; generation; hydro; ocean; power
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        item: #3926 of 7527
          id: cet-2413
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-2413
        date: 2018-04-24
       words: 3290
      flesch: 52
     summary: The main objective of the study is to develop a systematic methodology for fertiliser formulation in fertigation system. The methods consist of three steps including data collection, the design of fertiliser formulation and verification of fertiliser formulation.
    keywords: cost; eggplant; fertigation; fertiliser; formulation; nutrient; sources; water
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        item: #3927 of 7527
          id: cet-2414
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-2414
        date: 2018-04-24
       words: 3101
      flesch: 58
     summary: Vineis P., Chan Q., Khan A., 2011, Climate change impacts on water salinity and health, Journal of Epidemiology and Global Health, 1 (1), 5-10. 60 The rising of sea water level caused by global warming resulting in the quantity of salt water putting pressure on fresh water aquifer.
    keywords: intrusion; salinity; saltwater; tube; union; water; wells
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        item: #3928 of 7527
          id: cet-2415
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-2415
        date: 2018-04-24
       words: 3723
      flesch: 42
     summary: This paper also provides highlights of comparative study and analysis of these case study buildings on their common techniques and materials for laterite stones repair. This has been achieved through quantification of embodied carbon expenditure expended in laterite stones repair within ‘cradle-to-site’ boundary of Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) using formulaic expression and calculation procedure of ‘Green Maintenance’ model.
    keywords: carbon; co2; emissions; laterite; maintenance; material; repair; stone
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        item: #3929 of 7527
          id: cet-2416
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-2416
        date: 2018-04-24
       words: 2673
      flesch: 49
     summary: It means that in one sector, if the demanded intermediate input for waste management decreases, we can think waste management technology improves for that sector. In such different sustainable development scenarios, waste management sectors will present different features and it is very important to have a deep understanding of it.
    keywords: china; emission; gdp; management; model; scenario; sectors; waste
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        item: #3930 of 7527
          id: cet-2417
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-2417
        date: 2018-04-24
       words: 3417
      flesch: 48
     summary: Depending on the type of AD reactor and operational parameters, the COD removal efficiencies was around 60 - 98 %, showing the capability of AD to treat high strength leachate. Table 1: Leachate from different sources and their subsequent treatment Reference Source COD (mg/L) pH Used for Remark Liu et al., 2010 Fresh leachate from MBT treated MSW 60,000 - 70,000 3.8 - 6.3 Substrate for AD after MBT Significantly higher COD than composting leachate; MBT is often followed by composting, incineration or landfill.
    keywords: cod; composting; leachate; msw; treatment; waste
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        item: #3931 of 7527
          id: cet-2418
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-2418
        date: 2018-04-24
       words: 4064
      flesch: 45
     summary: This finding can be a signal for Indonesia in boosting investment in emission mitigation technologies. Table 2: Summary of simulation results of all scenarios in 2030 Scenario Carbon Price (hundred USD) GDP (Billion USD) GDP Loss (Billion USD / Percentage) Consumption Level (Billion USD) GHG Emission (103 t CO2-eq) CH4 N2O CO2 BAU - 3,769.2 - 3,095.3 247.8 260.8 2349.1 INDC 2.39 3,508.4 260.8 / 6.92 % 2,844.1 250.2 198.6 1567.5 INDC1-01 2.03 3,559.2 210.0 / 4.60 % 2,890.6 201.9 212.4 1601.9 INDC1-02 1.97 3,595.9 173.3 / 4.60 % 2,926.5 269.3 134.3 1612.6 INDC1-03 2.30 3,520.4 248.8 / 6.60 % 2,856.1 240.9 201.4 1573.9 INDC2 1.48 3,656.8 112.4 / 2.98 % 2,987.6 196.8 136.7 1682.8 The results of the GDP loss itself can be explained by the increase in GHG prices through the introduction of GHG emission reduction.
    keywords: emission; ghg; indc1; indonesia; mitigation; reduction; sectors; usd
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        item: #3932 of 7527
          id: cet-2419
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-2419
        date: 2018-04-24
       words: 3812
      flesch: 33
     summary: Malaysia ctlee@utm.my The extensive utilisation of microorganisms namely fungi and bacteria for treating organic wastes has been attributed to their efficiency in eliminating pathogen and accelerating the degradation process. Among many methods employed, composting mediated by indigenous microbial communities has gained significant popularity in treating organic waste.
    keywords: anaerobic; bacteria; biogas; composting; consortium; et al; microbial; microorganisms; process; technology; waste
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        item: #3933 of 7527
          id: cet-242
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-242
        date: 2017-10-04
       words: 3467
      flesch: 51
     summary: 61, 2017 A publication of The Italian Association of Chemical Engineering Online at www.aidic.it/cet Guest Editors: Petar S Varbanov, Rongxin Su, Hon Loong Lam, Xia Liu, Jiří J Klemeš Copyright © 2017, AIDIC Servizi S.r.l. ISBN 978-88-95608-51-8; ISSN 2283-9216 Energy and CO2 Savings in Fired Clay Brick Production by Using Olive Oil Residues José A. de la Casaa,b, Eulogio Castroa* a Department. of Chemical, Environmental and Materials Engineering, University of Jaén, 23071 Jaén, Spain b Cerámica Malpesa, S.A. Autovía A-4, km 303, 23710 Bailén, Jaén, Spain ecastro@ujaen.es Energy and environmental costs have a great importance in all production plants, and this is particularly the case of fired clay brick production. Please cite this article as: de la Casa J.A., Castro E., 2017, Energy and co2 savings in fired clay brick production by using olive oil residues, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 61, 1147-1152 DOI:10.3303/CET1761189 1147 for the estimation of environmental parameters.
    keywords: clay; co2; flow; kiln; oil; olive; production; scenario; water
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        item: #3934 of 7527
          id: cet-2420
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-2420
        date: 2018-04-24
       words: 3719
      flesch: 47
     summary: Figure 3: FTIR spectrum of C. incerta from control using BBM media Figure 4: FTIR spectrum of C. incerta biomass from control culture using POME FTIR spectrum of control culture biomass and their respected peaks was exhibited at 603 cm−1 wave numbers indicating the presence of C-Cl stretching (Figure 4) Spectrum of POME treated biomass exhibited the shifting 94 of peak at 591 cm−1 and also removal of C-Cl stretching.
    keywords: biodiesel; biomass; ftir; incerta; malaysia; microalgae; oil; palm; pome; production
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        item: #3935 of 7527
          id: cet-2421
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-2421
        date: 2018-04-24
       words: 3298
      flesch: 48
     summary: This promotes massive awareness to curb air pollution from vehicle emissions. During the flag raising ceremonies during Mondays, the different community stakeholders were reminded of the policies concerning vehicle emissions.
    keywords: air; diesel; emission; philippines; pollution; school; testing; vehicles
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        item: #3936 of 7527
          id: cet-2422
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-2422
        date: 2018-04-24
       words: 3588
      flesch: 52
     summary: Results revealed that the primary source of GIS data in the LGUs are government agencies (69.44 %) while more than half (55.56 %) generate their own data. The most common formats of GIS data used in their projects are Shapefiles and geodatabases.
    keywords: data; gis; land; lgus; projects; respondents; understanding; use
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        item: #3937 of 7527
          id: cet-2423
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-2423
        date: 2018-04-24
       words: 2906
      flesch: 36
     summary: PowerPoint Presentation on environmental topic was prepared and used for the discussion. Providing the children with environmental education at the earliest possible age could significantly help in imbibing the environmentally-oriented values in them, for example, the implementation of “Grinning Bulilit” project in elementary schools of Bacnotan, La Union, Philippines.
    keywords: bacnotan; disaster; elementary; management; project; pupils; school; waste
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        item: #3938 of 7527
          id: cet-2424
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-2424
        date: 2018-04-24
       words: 3333
      flesch: 51
     summary: In this work, the use of Ni and MMT-clay to modify TiO2 structure for photocatalytic CO2 reduction via RWGS reaction in a continuous flow photoreactor has been investigated. Figure 3: Diffuse reflectance absorbance spectra of TiO2 NPs, MMT and Ni/MMT-loaded TiO2 samples 118 3.2 Photocatalytic CO2 reduction with H2 Firstly, control experiments for photocatalytic CO2 reduction with H2 were conducted in the presence of photo- catalysts.
    keywords: catalyst; co2; figure; mmt; photocatalytic; reduction; samples; tahir; tio2
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        item: #3939 of 7527
          id: cet-2425
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-2425
        date: 2018-04-24
       words: 3479
      flesch: 44
     summary: Improving process reliability, in addition to raising availability and direct profits, can also contribute significantly to reducing the risk of catastrophes, negative environmental impact and human injury. It is based on a special bipartite graph representation of process structures (called as P- graph, see Figure 1a) and a set of axioms of combinatorially feasible process structures.
    keywords: equipment; graph; operating; process; reliability; structure; sustainability; unit
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        item: #3940 of 7527
          id: cet-2426
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-2426
        date: 2018-04-24
       words: 3509
      flesch: 50
     summary: (a) (b) Figure 1: TG and DTG curves for MD2 pineapple biomass (a) leaf (b) stem and (c) root 130 (c) Figure 1: TG and DTG curves for MD2 pineapple biomass (a) leaf (b) stem and (c) root The thermal behaviour of pineapple waste biomass can be studied by measuring the rate of weight loss as a function of time and temperature.
    keywords: analysis; biomass; content; energy; malaysia; md2; pineapple; proximate; waste; wt%
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        item: #3941 of 7527
          id: cet-2427
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-2427
        date: 2018-04-24
       words: 3260
      flesch: 57
     summary: The uses of rice husk treatment media shows enhance crop production, maintaining the pH and eventually create more sustainable agriculture and environment. Minimum 41 fruits were recorded in Lactobacillus treated media.
    keywords: cucumber; figure; growth; lactobacillus; media; plants; rice
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        item: #3942 of 7527
          id: cet-2428
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-2428
        date: 2018-04-24
       words: 3460
      flesch: 51
     summary: It is interesting to study the water use and grain yield of rice cultivation under AWD water management and compare with CF to identify the effective practice that can reduce water used and maintain (or improve) grain yield. Results and discussion 3.1 Effect of AWD water management on water use in rice cultivation Rice cultivation under two water managements consumed water in the same pattern but in different quantities.
    keywords: awd; cultivation; management; rice; season; water; yield
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        item: #3943 of 7527
          id: cet-2429
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-2429
        date: 2018-04-24
       words: 3134
      flesch: 47
     summary: • To have non-negative values of the cumulative CO2 load in column 8, the absolute value of the largest negative ACS will then be used as the area of TnB waste sources in landfill area cascade (Table 4). To identify the landfill area footprint, the waste generation is converted to landfill area footprint as for the landfill capacity (Othman et al., 2017b).
    keywords: analysis; area; cascade; emission; landfill; management; pinch; waste
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        item: #3944 of 7527
          id: cet-243
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-243
        date: 2017-10-04
       words: 3425
      flesch: 39
     summary: Figure 1: Conceptual scheme of extractive distillation of the system tert-butyl alcohol (TBA)–water (W) in the presence of [EMim]Br (IL); I – extractive distillation column, II – regeneration column. For this purpose, enthalpy balances of heat exchangers used to pre- heat the feed to extractive distillation column (I) as well as reboilers and condensers of columns (I) and (II) were considered.
    keywords: column; distillation; evaporator; heat; liquid; regeneration; separation; water
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        item: #3945 of 7527
          id: cet-2430
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-2430
        date: 2018-04-24
       words: 3715
      flesch: 43
     summary: It is also necessary to have an indicator to reduce greenhouse gases during highway construction. Sahamir et al. (2017) agreed that the implementations of sustainability have become important initiatives discussed and undertaken by both private and public sector especially in construction development.
    keywords: activities; construction; criteria; design; development; green; highway; importance; ranking; respondents
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        item: #3946 of 7527
          id: cet-2431
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-2431
        date: 2018-04-24
       words: 3080
      flesch: 46
     summary: 2.2 Methods 2.2.1 Alkali-treatment Rice straw after being puffed was mixed with NaOH solution so that 100 g mixture contains 10 g biomass (dry mass). When using NaOH solution with concentration from 1.0 to 1.3 wt%, the reuse-solution alkali-treatment significantly saves NaOH and fresh water up to 30 % and 49 %.
    keywords: alkali; alkaline; naoh; rice; solution; straw; treatment; wt%
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        item: #3947 of 7527
          id: cet-2432
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-2432
        date: 2018-04-24
       words: 4005
      flesch: 49
     summary: For instance, Thailand has agreed to decrease GHG emissions by 20 % from the projected business-as-usual (BAU) level by 2030 despite no commitment to target GHG emissions reduction. We investigated annual amount of GHG emissions by using a bottom-up approach.
    keywords: biomass; burning; co2; data; emissions; ghg; livestock; phayao; rice; study; thailand
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        item: #3948 of 7527
          id: cet-2433
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-2433
        date: 2018-04-24
       words: 3616
      flesch: 37
     summary: The wastewater generated from the milling activities is defined as palm oil mill effluent (POME). This paper investigates the techno-economic potentials of an integrated algae-based bio- refinery with palm oil mill.
    keywords: algae; biogas; biorefinery; cost; mill; oil; palm; processing; usd
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        item: #3949 of 7527
          id: cet-2434
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-2434
        date: 2018-04-24
       words: 5096
      flesch: 51
     summary: A complete ban on the usage of lead in aviation fuels currently seems like an unlikely possibility because lead is the cheapest and most readily available source which acts as an octane boosting additive and anti-knock agent, saving the aircrafts from engine failure and ensuring safe, smooth and affordable flights (Cloche, 2010). Another reason for this is the fact that in USA, until now there are no laws barring the use of lead in aviation fuels and that is the reason why 100LL still remains to be the most popular choice.
    keywords: 100ll; aircraft; avgas; aviation; cloche; engine; fuel; gasoline; lead; mogas; octane; oil; power
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        item: #3950 of 7527
          id: cet-2435
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-2435
        date: 2018-04-24
       words: 4859
      flesch: 50
     summary: EPA USA insists to commence a study and investigation of the health and environmental impacts of lead emissions from GA aircraft, including impacts to humans, animals and ecosystems under the CAA and issue a public report on the findings of the study and investigation. The findings of this review suggest the seriousness of finding an unleaded alternative fuel for environmental sustainability with the fact that lead emissions should also be given equal concentration with proper studies and findings to help in the elimination efforts as per serious concerns given to emissions of carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, oxides of nitrogen and other particulates emissions in aviation.
    keywords: aircraft; avgas; aviation; concerns; effects; emissions; engine; epa; exposure; fuel; lead; leaded; piston
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        item: #3951 of 7527
          id: cet-2436
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-2436
        date: 2018-04-24
       words: 3635
      flesch: 45
     summary: MSW can be categorised into mixed MSW and segregated MSW, which includes segregated food waste, green waste, paper waste, plastic waste and more. MSW can be categorised into mixed MSW and segregated MSW, which includes segregated food waste, green waste, paper waste, plastic waste and more.
    keywords: energy; food; gasification; msw; paper; process; technology; treatment; waste; wte
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        item: #3952 of 7527
          id: cet-2437
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-2437
        date: 2018-04-24
       words: 2497
      flesch: 51
     summary: Singh P., (Wim) Brilman D.W.F., Groeneveld M.J., 2011, Evaluation of CO2 solubility in potential aqueous amine-based solvents at low CO2 partial pressure, International Journal of Greenhouse Gas Control, 5, 61-68. Yamada H., Chowdhury F. A., Goto K., Higashii T., 2013, CO2 solubility and species distribution in aqueous solutions of 2-(isopropylamino)ethanol and its structural isomers, International Journal of Greenhouse Gas Control, 17, 99–105. 198 https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar5/wg3/ https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar5/wg3/
    keywords: absorption; co2; mea; pressure; solution
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        item: #3953 of 7527
          id: cet-2438
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-2438
        date: 2018-04-24
       words: 3483
      flesch: 46
     summary: Paucity has been given to the importance of ensuring the sustainability of hospital building in Malaysia (Sahamir and Zakaria, 2014). There are various criteria that need to be considered before the decision can be made in selecting the appropriate lifts design for a building particularly for hospital buildings (Sahamir et al., 2017).
    keywords: alternatives; building; consumption; criteria; decision; design; energy; hospital; lift; making; topsis
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        item: #3954 of 7527
          id: cet-2439
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-2439
        date: 2018-04-24
       words: 3292
      flesch: 53
     summary: In some other studies, extraction of grape seed oil assisted by ultrasound, using n-hexane as extracting solvent, at a frequency of 20 Hz, and 150 W in 30 min brings the highest efficiency that is equivalent to the Soxhlet extraction method (as Soxhlet 100 %) (Porto et al., 2013). Grape seed oil is the source of unsaturated fatty acids and tocol (Fiori et al., 2014).
    keywords: acid; content; extraction; grape; oil; ratio; recovery; solvent
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        item: #3955 of 7527
          id: cet-244
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-244
        date: 2017-10-04
       words: 3065
      flesch: 49
     summary: The excessive use of underground water depleted water table of freshwater and as result, salt water enters into the freshwater aquifers. Kremser U., Drescher G., Otto S., Recknagel V., 2006, First operating experience with the treatment of 3,100 m3/h of Elbe River water by means of reverse osmosis to produce process water and demineralised water for use in the pulp industry, Desalination, 189(1), 53-58.
    keywords: bangladesh; model; mujtaba; parameters; process; river; salt; sassi; table; water
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        item: #3956 of 7527
          id: cet-2440
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-2440
        date: 2018-04-24
       words: 3761
      flesch: 52
     summary: 2.4 Intensity indicators Based on the capital cost, GHG footprint and water footprint, capital intensity can be defined as the capital cost of per unit capacity ICC - Eq(11), and footprint intensive indicators – GHG Footprint intensity IGF - Eq(12) and WF intensity IWF - Eq(13) can be defined per unit of annualised power generation: Gu Y., Xu J., Keller A.A., Yuan D., Li Y., Zhang B., Weng Q., Zhang X., Deng P., Wang H. Li F., 2015, Calculation of water footprint of the iron and steel industry: a case study in Eastern China, Journal of Cleaner Production, 92, 274-281.
    keywords: cost; footprint; fuel; heat; indicators; power; site; utility; water
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        item: #3957 of 7527
          id: cet-2441
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-2441
        date: 2018-04-24
       words: 2329
      flesch: 44
     summary: Global Energy Institute, 2012, CO2 enhanced oil recovery, Global Energy Institute, Washington, DC, USA. Mathias S., Hardisty P., Trudell M., Zimmerman R., 2009, Screening and selection of sites for CO2 sequestration based on pressure buildup, International Journal of Greenhouse Gas Control, 3, 577-585. Metz B., Davidson O., Coninck H.D., Loos M., Meyer L., 2005, Special report on carbon dioxide capture and storage, Cambridge University Press, New York, United States. The relationship between oil recovery factor and producing time for all cases is shown in Figure 2.
    keywords: co2; factor; oil; recovery; reservoir; wag
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        item: #3958 of 7527
          id: cet-2442
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-2442
        date: 2018-04-24
       words: 3038
      flesch: 53
     summary: Figure 7: Distribution of water gas shift reaction rate with operating conditions (A): S/A = 0; (B): S/A = 0.25; (C): S/A = 0.5; (D): S/A = 0.75 Similarly, in the computational results, the water gas shift reaction rate had taken place severely in the case where the steam and air ratio were 0.75. This time-dependent model consisted of several sub-models including reaction models, the porous zone model for simulating packed bed, and the radioactive model in the solid phase.
    keywords: gas; gasification; model; reaction; steam
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        item: #3959 of 7527
          id: cet-2443
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-2443
        date: 2018-04-24
       words: 2542
      flesch: 53
     summary: Singh P., Brilman D.W.F., Groeneveld M.J., 2011, Evaluation of CO2 solubility in potential aqueous amine- based solvents at low CO2 partial pressure, International Journal of Greenhouse Gas Control, 5, 61-68. Yamada H., Chowdhury F.A., Goto K., Higashii T., 2013, CO2 solubility and species distribution in aqueous solutions of 2-(Isopropylamino)ethanol and its structural isomers, International Journal of Greenhouse Gas Control, 17, 99–105. 234
    keywords: co2; mae; mea; solubility; solution
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        item: #3960 of 7527
          id: cet-2444
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-2444
        date: 2018-04-24
       words: 3715
      flesch: 20
     summary: Samphaongoen P., 2010, A visual approach to construction cost estimating, Master Thesis, Marquette University, Wisconsin, United States. One of the most significant tasks identified contributing towards unsustainability in the quantity surveying practice is the establishment of construction cost estimates.
    keywords: bim; building; construction; cost; estimates; estimating; information; project; quantity; surveyors; technology
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        item: #3961 of 7527
          id: cet-2445
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-2445
        date: 2018-04-24
       words: 3237
      flesch: 36
     summary: PCD has reported the result of GPP implementation in terms of eco-product purchasing of approximately 8.3 Million USD and GHG reduction of about 38,446 t CO2-eq. For the green hotel label, the requirements are related to the green policy, green product procurement, energy management, and local participation in environmental conservation activities at the area of hotel’s location.
    keywords: carbon; eco; green; national; production; products; scp; thailand
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        item: #3962 of 7527
          id: cet-2446
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-2446
        date: 2018-04-24
       words: 2566
      flesch: 48
     summary: Hemp materials and artificial stone scraps were used at different proportions to develop a new composite called Hempstone. 2. Methodology 2.1 Goal and scope This LCA study aims at exploring a potential use of hemp stalks remaining after fibre extraction as “Hempstone” solid surface for buildings’ interior applications.
    keywords: artificial; hemp; hempstone; materials; resin; scraps; stalk
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        item: #3963 of 7527
          id: cet-2447
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-2447
        date: 2018-04-24
       words: 3627
      flesch: 72
     summary: By fully utilising the biogas plant waste heat as process heating for palm oil mill processes, it is estimated that up to 9.46 % of the total energy supplied could be saved. By fully utilising the waste heat of biogas power plant, it is expected to save up to 9.46 % of the total energy supplied for palm oil mill processes (Eq(4)).
    keywords: biogas; energy; heat; mill; oil; palm; stream
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        item: #3964 of 7527
          id: cet-2448
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-2448
        date: 2018-04-24
       words: 3075
      flesch: 51
     summary: Figure 6: Comparison between number of AC usage events per day and total duration of AC usage per day for 63 dwellings 0 1 2 3 4 0 3 6 9 12 15 18 A v e ra g e n u m b e r o f A C e v e n ts ( ti m e s / d ) Average total duration of AC usage (h /d) Living Room Bedroom 262 Figure 7 displays the relationship between the total number of events and the total duration, classified by working days and holidays for bedrooms and living rooms. (a) (b) Figure 7: Comparison between number of AC usage events per day and total duration of AC usage in a day classified by working days and holidays for (a) 33 living rooms and (b) 42 bedrooms The probability density of indoor air temperature before and during the occupants switch on and the AC operation in dwellings is shown in Figure 8.
    keywords: air; figure; living; occupants; temperature; usage; use
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        item: #3965 of 7527
          id: cet-2449
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-2449
        date: 2018-04-24
       words: 3291
      flesch: 54
     summary: Result and discussion Based on the data on technology cost, the cost for AD, PT, compressor (PT to transportation), transportation, and compressor (transportation to utilisation) is calculated and tabulated in Table 4. Based on data of annual power generation of commissioned RE Installations for POME biogas from SEDA (2016), only 41,122.4 MWh of energy is harvested.
    keywords: biogas; cng; cost; path; pipeline; pressure; purification; technology; transportation
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        item: #3966 of 7527
          id: cet-245
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-245
        date: 2017-10-04
       words: 3610
      flesch: 37
     summary: In this paper, the development and the research on catalytic coal gasification are reviewed, including the mechanism, catalysts and applications. Although catalytic coal gasification as a promising technology can overcome some operation difficulties for efficiently converting coal to target products (H2, CH4), there are still many unsolved problems remained, such as, how to find catalysts more effective, recyclable and cheaper, and how to balance the efficiency and economic cost of gasification process.
    keywords: alkali; carbon; catalyst; char; co2; coal; coal gasification; gasification; metal; process; reaction; steam
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        item: #3967 of 7527
          id: cet-2450
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-2450
        date: 2018-04-24
       words: 3524
      flesch: 61
     summary: The analysis begins by performing the cascade analysis for the WTP (water resource). Through the case study, it can be concluded that WENCA is capable to determine the WTP capacity, water storage capacity, fuel cell capacity and battery capacity with better accuracy.
    keywords: analysis; capacity; energy; plant; resource; system; water
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        item: #3968 of 7527
          id: cet-2451
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-2451
        date: 2018-04-24
       words: 3538
      flesch: 40
     summary: Accordingly, the management concept of reducing greenhouse gas emissions by the creation of the society, Low-carbon City, based on the carbon footprint of the city was developed in order to evaluate and planning the reduction of GHG. Evaluation of GHG emission in the city was studied by many researchers. System boundary is defined along with the administrative boundary of the city, GHG emissions released from the city activity in 2015 are collected and expressed as ton CO2 equivalent (tCO2eq).
    keywords: carbon; city; dan; emissions; energy; footprint; ghg; municipality; sai; waste
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        item: #3969 of 7527
          id: cet-2452
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-2452
        date: 2018-04-24
       words: 3712
      flesch: 50
     summary: A new graphical TSHI approach has been developed by Tarighaleslami et al. (2017) for recovering heat using non-isothermal utility in low temperature processes. Fu C., Gundersen T., 2015, Sub-ambient heat exchanger network design including expanders, Chemical Engineering Science, 138, 712-729. Hackl R., Harvey S., 2012, Total site analysis (TSA) and exergy analysis for shaft work and associated steam and electricity savings in low temperature processes in industrial clusters, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 29, 73-78 Hamsani M.N., Liew P.Y., Walmsley T.G., 2017, A new numerical approach for exergy targets and losses determination in sub-ambient processes, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 61, 1225-1230.
    keywords: exergy; heat; pinch; process; pta; shaft; temperature; work
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        item: #3970 of 7527
          id: cet-2453
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-2453
        date: 2018-04-24
       words: 3797
      flesch: 53
     summary: Construction waste gives an enormous impact on project costs and time of any of construction projects (Nagapan et al., 2012). A questionnaire survey conducted to ascertain the perspective of the LC tools to promote a better quality of construction project for the Malaysian construction industry.
    keywords: construction; industry; lc tools; lean; project; quality; tools
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        item: #3971 of 7527
          id: cet-2454
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-2454
        date: 2018-04-24
       words: 3776
      flesch: 45
     summary: Senior quantity surveyor More than 10 Housing 5 - 10 million 4.2 Construction waste, LC tools applied and its implication towards contractor’s project performance There were a lots of construction wastes produced during the construction phase of construction projects. This LC mechanism is suggested in resolving the issue of construction waste to the industry.
    keywords: construction; industry; lean; performance; project; tools; waste
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        item: #3972 of 7527
          id: cet-2455
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-2455
        date: 2022-02-02
       words: 4102
      flesch: 47
     summary: The ranges of metal concentration (mg kg-1) were 9.04 - 32.17 mg kg-1 and 6.33 - 36.52 mg kg-1 of Pb in Core A and B; and 32.83 - 68.49 mg kg-1 and 21.63 - 73.59 mg kg-1 of Zn in Core A and B, which is below the Sediment Quality Guidelines of Threshold Effects Concentration (TEC) (35.8 mg Pb kg-1 and 121 mg Zn kg-1). 2.4 Statistical analysis Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Pearson correlation analysis were used in an attempt to determine the relationships between metal concentrations, and the test variables which are known to have an influence on metal concentrations using the SPSS (2015) 3.
    keywords: concentration; core; kg-1; metal; mg kg-1; phuket; sediment; values
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        item: #3973 of 7527
          id: cet-2456
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-2456
        date: 2018-04-24
       words: 2674
      flesch: 48
     summary: Improving energy efficiency (EE) is identified among the prominent options in India’s Nationally Determined Contributions (NDC) communicated to the Paris Agreement. DOI: 10.3303/CET1863052 Please cite this article as: Subash Dhar, Minal Pathak, P R Shukla, 2018, Role of energy efficiency in a low carbon transformation of india, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 63, 307-312 DOI:10.3303/CET1863052 307 2.
    keywords: energy; india; ndc; scenario; se4all
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        item: #3974 of 7527
          id: cet-2457
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-2457
        date: 2018-04-24
       words: 3637
      flesch: 57
     summary: Energy saving in ceramic tile kilns: Cooling gas heat recovery, Applied Thermal Engineering, 65, 102-110. The pinch analysis was used to minimise energy levels for ceramic kiln during operation at Phuoc Du Long ceramic company in Vietnam.
    keywords: analysis; ceramic; energy; heat; kiln; pinch; process; stream; temperature
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        item: #3975 of 7527
          id: cet-2458
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-2458
        date: 2018-04-24
       words: 3905
      flesch: 31
     summary: Despite of wide-range of studies over the last decade, the question on whether green initiatives complement SMEs sustainable green practices remain inconclusive. Anchoring to the arguments on the tenets of sustainable green practices, the present study leads to determine the pattern and dimension of green initiatives consists of energy management, water conservation and waste management within Electrical and Electronics (E&E) manufacturing SMEs, as well as examining the influences of Green Technology policy awareness in building sustainable green practices.
    keywords: e&e; energy; green; initiatives; management; manufacturing; practices; smes; technology; water
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        item: #3976 of 7527
          id: cet-2459
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-2459
        date: 2018-04-24
       words: 3681
      flesch: 41
     summary: Green purchasing is the activity that involved less hazardous material to the construction and the environment The most relevant ways on how to promoting green purchasing in the construction industry are developing an awards program for contractors who contribute successful ideas on green purchasing projects. Green purchasing refers to the material purchase that is less damaging to the environment and human health and it has become the main part of purchasing decisions when the green building has been introduced.
    keywords: activity; construction; contractor; green; material; mean; purchasing
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        item: #3977 of 7527
          id: cet-246
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-246
        date: 2017-10-04
       words: 3134
      flesch: 54
     summary: These studies on nanofluids include thermophysical properties (Bubbico et al., 2015), forced convection heat transfer (Pendyala et al., 2015), natural convection heat transfer, and boiling heat transfer, etc. 61, 2017 A publication of The Italian Association of Chemical Engineering Online at www.aidic.it/cet Guest Editors: Petar S Varbanov, Rongxin Su, Hon Loong Lam, Xia Liu, Jiří J Klemeš Copyright © 2017, AIDIC Servizi S.r.l. ISBN 978-88-95608-51-8; ISSN 2283-9216 Effects of Nanoparticles Shape and Concentration on Natural Convection of Al2O3-Water Nanofluid in a Cubic Enclosure Gang Wang*, Yao Zhang, Jin Zhang, Bingshan Ma School of Civil Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou, 730050, China wang_g@lut.cn Three-dimensional numerical simulations of natural convection heat transfer of Al2O3-water nanofluid in a differentially-heated, cubic enclosure is performed considering nanoparticles shape.
    keywords: = =; al2o3; nanofluid; nanoparticles; water; ∂ ∂
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        item: #3978 of 7527
          id: cet-2460
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-2460
        date: 2018-04-24
       words: 2806
      flesch: 47
     summary: 3. Economic model The basis/justification for the assumptions used in the economic model includes the biogas system operators that are already required to receive compensation from CBG production, with an internal rate of return (FIRR) not less than electricity production with the feed-in tariff (FIT), which is not less than 15 %. Thus, entrepreneurs gain more benefits from higher levels of CBG production.
    keywords: biogas; cbg; development; energy; fuel; gas; lpg; production
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        item: #3979 of 7527
          id: cet-2461
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-2461
        date: 2018-04-24
       words: 2979
      flesch: 42
     summary: The increasing and decreasing effects on residential direct CO2 emissions of Thailand have been showed from 1993 to 2015. Figure 1: Decomposition results of residential direct CO2 emissions in Thailand from 1993 to 2015 3.1 Household income effect The household income effect (HPIeffect) was the strongest and most stable promoting factor over the 1993 - 2015 period, which contributed 30.21 Mt to the aggregate increase of residential direct CO2 emissions.
    keywords: co2; co2 emissions; effect; emissions; energy; household
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        item: #3980 of 7527
          id: cet-2462
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-2462
        date: 2018-04-24
       words: 3551
      flesch: 47
     summary: In waste scenarios, the information on waste material recycling processes are considered as subassemblies and the modelling of the subassemblies can be done through partial reuse or fully reuse operations. Life cycle assessment (LCA) used in this study assessed the environmental impacts associated with all stages, from waste production to end-of-life of waste material.
    keywords: assessment; bau; c&dw; construction; environmental; life; management; recycling; scenarios; waste
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        item: #3981 of 7527
          id: cet-2463
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-2463
        date: 2018-04-24
       words: 3763
      flesch: 39
     summary: Soil N dynamic Nitrogen (N), as the main building block for proteins and nucleic acids, is one of the most important elements for living life. It is essential to figure out the correlation between compost application and soil nitrogen dynamic in order to prevent further nitrogen loss as a pollutant after compost application.
    keywords: application; compost; emissions; fertiliser; leaching; n2o; nitrogen; nutrient; organic; soil
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        item: #3982 of 7527
          id: cet-2464
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-2464
        date: 2018-04-24
       words: 4083
      flesch: 49
     summary: A case study of composting project conducted under Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) in Uganda focused on knowledge transfer between stakeholders and farmers (Lederer et al., 2017). LCS IM (The Low Carbon Society Iskandar Malaysia), 2013, The Low Carbon Society Blueprint for Iskandar Malaysia 2025 <www.greengrowthknowledge.org/resource/low-carbon-society-blueprint-iskandar- malaysia-2025-summary-policymakers> accessed 26.09.2017 Lederer J., Ogwang F., Karungi J., 2017, Knowledge identification and creation among local stakeholders in CDM waste composting projects: A case study from Uganda, Resources, Conservation and Recycling,122, 339-352.
    keywords: community; composting; food; johor; layang; malaysia; participants; project; site; survey; waste
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        item: #3983 of 7527
          id: cet-2465
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-2465
        date: 2018-04-24
       words: 3129
      flesch: 50
     summary: NR improved the impact strength of PLA biocomposites with a sacrifice of tensile strength. The tensile strength was slightly improved at lower GR content indicating that GR is effective in increasing strength of toughened PLA nanocomposite.
    keywords: graphene; latex; method; nanocomposites; pla; properties; strength
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        item: #3984 of 7527
          id: cet-2466
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-2466
        date: 2018-04-24
       words: 3701
      flesch: 58
     summary: Ten polybags were provided for each treatment that consisted of IMO treated media (T1), rice husk treated media (T2), and control media (T3). Nevertheless, the T1 media were mixed with IMO (2 L of diluted IMO) before transplanting, while in media T2 were mixed with 4 L of rice husks.
    keywords: cucumber; husk; imo; media; plants; rice; soil; soilless; treatment
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        item: #3985 of 7527
          id: cet-2467
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-2467
        date: 2018-04-24
       words: 3037
      flesch: 55
     summary: The effectiveness of chitosan and crosslinking agent towards PALF was determined using untreated PALF, PALF treated chitosan, PALF treated chitosan (wash), PALF treated chitosan/BTCA and PALF treated chitosan/BTCA (wash). PALF Samples 0 500 1.000 1.500 A B C D ET en si le S tr en g th ( M P a) PALF Samples 376 in both tensile strength and Young Modulus.
    keywords: btca; chitosan; fiber; palf; samples; solution; tensile
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        item: #3986 of 7527
          id: cet-2468
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-2468
        date: 2018-04-24
       words: 3980
      flesch: 52
     summary: This paper extended the conventional TSHI targeting methodology for exploring the possibility to integrate ORC system directly to the utility system, which is an indirect integration (Figure 1), for recovering low temperature process waste heat. The maximum amount of heat available for indirect ORC system integration is identified through the excess utility generation potential targeting in STEP 2 at below TS Pinch region.
    keywords: case; energy; heat; integration; orc; system; utility; waste
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        item: #3987 of 7527
          id: cet-2469
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-2469
        date: 2018-04-24
       words: 3667
      flesch: 54
     summary: Any official documents or guidelines informing about tree maintenance is still unavailable in Malaysia. Urban trees planted at roadsides with low endurance rate and unhealthiness increase the risk of tree fracture and fall which is hazardous to motorists and pedestrians.
    keywords: bahru; fabaceae; johor; landscape; limbs; location; maintenance; malaysia; species; tree; urban
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        item: #3988 of 7527
          id: cet-247
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-247
        date: 2017-10-04
       words: 3222
      flesch: 64
     summary: HN CN j CF zhu C Ahu CCUqcu CHUqhu j j j j i j j i j Subject tph i             Lin, B., Miller, D.C., 2004, Solving heat exchanger network synthesis problems with tabu search, Computers & Chemical Engineering, 28, 1451-1464.
    keywords: algorithm; engineering; exchanger; heat; j j; j k; optimization; synthesis
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        item: #3989 of 7527
          id: cet-2470
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-2470
        date: 2018-04-24
       words: 3181
      flesch: 58
     summary: Green corridors in cities are one such way to ensure that the green areas are being used optimally. It discusses the opportunities and limitations of the plans as well as ways to improve for a successful implementation of green corridors in Kuala Lumpur.
    keywords: bukit; city; corridors; green; kuala; kuala lumpur; lumpur; malaysia; urban
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        item: #3990 of 7527
          id: cet-2471
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-2471
        date: 2018-04-24
       words: 4069
      flesch: 55
     summary: Table 3: The energy consumption and CO2 emission from tourist transportation to Sa Kaeo province Type of fuels Total energy consumption (L) Average energy consumption (L/person) Total CO2 emission (kg CO2-eq) Total CO2 emission (kg CO2-eq /person) CO2 emission from fuel consumption of tourist transportation and CO2 reduction by cycling rally and tree plantation were calculated according to the 2006 Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) guidelines.
    keywords: carbon; co2; consumption; cycling; emission; ghg; thailand; tourism; transportation
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        item: #3991 of 7527
          id: cet-2472
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-2472
        date: 2018-04-24
       words: 3767
      flesch: 51
     summary: (2013) used RSM for PFC of wastewater. Optimisation of coconut water concentration via progressive freeze concentration method has not been reported yet. The effects of these variables were investigated toward K value in concentrated solution which was chosen as response variables.
    keywords: circulation; concentration; model; process; response; time; value; water
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        item: #3992 of 7527
          id: cet-2473
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-2473
        date: 2018-04-24
       words: 3303
      flesch: 51
     summary: The lowest molecular weight of HTENR was achieved at 3 wt% of CAA after 5 h of reaction time at 60 °C where average number (Mn)and average weight (Mw) were 34,000 g/mol and 62,000 g/mol FTIR analysis confirmed that HTENR contained OH group with the appearance of a broad peak around 3,200 - 3,600 cm-1 after the reaction. Figure 1a shows the effect of reaction time on Mn and Mw of ENR-50.
    keywords: caa; degradation; enr-50; htenr; hydroxyl; reaction; rubber; time
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        item: #3993 of 7527
          id: cet-2474
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-2474
        date: 2018-04-24
       words: 3530
      flesch: 51
     summary: The purposes of this study were to analyse and optimise the effect of volume ratio of wastewater to the sand on biological CP performance by using Taguchi method. The uses of a power source which is a rectifier to generate the direct current to the CP system was replaced by the generation of electricity using biological CP system.
    keywords: biological; corrosion; performance; pipe; potential; ratio; system; volume; wastewater
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        item: #3994 of 7527
          id: cet-2475
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-2475
        date: 2018-04-24
       words: 3292
      flesch: 53
     summary: A publication of The Italian Association of Chemical Engineering Online at www.aidic.it/cet Guest Editors: Jeng Shiun Lim, Wai Shin Ho, Jiří J. Klemeš Copyright © 2018, AIDIC Servizi S.r.l. ISBN 978-88-95608-61-7; ISSN 2283-9216 Effect of pH at Anode and Cathode Chamber on the Performance of Biological Cathodic Protection Anis Fitri Afira Azmana, Wan Nor Azita W Alia, Mohd Dinie Muhaimin Samsudina,b,*, Muaz Mohd Zaini Makhtarc, Norazana Ibrahima, Rafiziana Md. Kasmania a Department of Energy Engineering, Faculty of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 UTM Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia b UTM-MPRC Institute for Oil and Gas, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 UTM Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia c School of Chemical Engineering, Engineering Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 14300 Nibong Tebal, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia dinie@utm.my A new corrosion control system which is biological cathodic protection (CP) system was developed using the concept of microbial fuel cells (MFCs). However, the concept of microbial fuel cells (MFCs) can be used as an alternative to represent a new method in CP system.
    keywords: anode; cathode; corrosion; current; figure; pipe; steel; system
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        item: #3995 of 7527
          id: cet-2476
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-2476
        date: 2018-04-24
       words: 3542
      flesch: 40
     summary: Property management was not taken into consideration during the early planning stages of development (Bebko, 2000); though Lilas (1990) has significantly considered property management as a critical factor. This paper aims to highlight the ongoing research development on strategic framework of role and involvement of consulting property management during the early stage of project development phase of high rise residential green buildings.
    keywords: apartment; building; development; maintenance; malaysia; management; property; property management; residential; rise; rise building
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        item: #3996 of 7527
          id: cet-2477
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-2477
        date: 2018-04-24
       words: 3772
      flesch: 49
     summary: C Cloud point temperatures are an excellent means of screening candidate surfactants, as stable emulsified formulated products can be obtained only below the cloud point of the surfactant system (Michele et al., 2014) 10 - ASTM D5773 3 Surface tension (σ) mN/m Measure of the wetting ability of a compound and it is a very important property for surfactants. 437 References Abu Zaid M., 2004, Performance of single cylinder, direct injection diesel engine using water fuel emulsions, Energy Conversion & Management, 4, 697–705.
    keywords: diesel; emulsion; fuel; properties; property; step; surfactant; target; water
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        item: #3997 of 7527
          id: cet-2478
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-2478
        date: 2018-04-24
       words: 3238
      flesch: 56
     summary: In Figure 2, it can be seen that GHG emission comes mostly from the electricity and heat production sector. Among the 17 goals, goal number 13 is to “take urgent action to combat climate change and its impacts” and this is in line with the objective of this study – to assist in the efforts to reduce GHG emissions.
    keywords: cac; emissions; ghg; process; scope; water
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        item: #3998 of 7527
          id: cet-2479
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-2479
        date: 2018-04-24
       words: 2881
      flesch: 41
     summary: Assigning Grids (25 x 25 km2) Yield Map Multiply with yield factor Network Analysis Optimisation via MILP Coal Sources Raster to Vector Area Elimination (< 1 km2) Resource Availability Assessment Site Suitability Analysis Transportation Network Power Plant Network Analysis Figure 1: Spatial biomass resource planning framework for biomass co-firing energy system 2.1 Resource availability assessment Oil palm plantation-based biomass which are oil palm trunk (OPT) and oil palm frond (OPF) were considered as the biomass feedstock in this study. Figure 3 illustrates the supply chain planning network for biomass co-firing energy system.
    keywords: biomass; coal; cost; energy; firing; malaysia; supply
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        item: #3999 of 7527
          id: cet-248
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-248
        date: 2017-10-04
       words: 3907
      flesch: 49
     summary: Figure 1: Conceptual scheme of extractive distillation of the methyl acetate (MA)–methanol (M) mixture in the presence of [Emim][triflate](IL): I – extractive distillation column, II – regeneration column. The aim of the design calculation of extractive distillation column (I) was to optimize the column parameters such as the number of theoretical plates (N), solvent consumption (nS), position of the feed input plate (f1), and reflux ratio (RR); for column II, to determine the type of the column, the number of theoretical plates (N), reflux ratio (RR), and position of the feed input plate (f).
    keywords: acetate; column; distillation; liquid; methanol; methyl; pressure; regeneration; vapor
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        item: #4000 of 7527
          id: cet-2480
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-2480
        date: 2018-04-24
       words: 3771
      flesch: 49
     summary: Hydrogenation of CO2 to methane (CO2 methanation) presents several advantages over other chemicals because it can be injected directly into existing natural gas pipelines and it can be used as a fuel or raw material for the production of chemicals. The most ordinarily used catalyst for CO2 methanation is Nickel based catalyst due to its high activity, high CH4 activity, and low in price.
    keywords: co2; electricity; electrolysis; energy; malaysia; methanation; plant; power; process; solar; table
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        item: #4001 of 7527
          id: cet-2481
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-2481
        date: 2018-04-24
       words: 3310
      flesch: 57
     summary: Kapok fibre content (wt %) Tea waste fibre Lump of Kapok fibre Lump of Kapok fibre Tea waste fibre a b 460 3.3 Water Absorption The percentages of water absorptions of all samples containing various amount of kapok fibres were shown in Figure 4. Figure 4: Effect of kapok fibre content on the water absorbency of the composite paper Tea waste had been used as adsorbent of metal traces in wastewater (Amarasinghe and Williams, 2007), bio-oil, bio-char and bio- diesel (Nagaraja et al., 2013), casing materials in mushroom cultivation (Gulser et al., 2003) and handmade tea waste paper (Tutus et al., 2015).
    keywords: composite; fibre; index; kapok; paper; tea; tear; waste; water
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        item: #4002 of 7527
          id: cet-2482
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-2482
        date: 2018-04-24
       words: 3678
      flesch: 55
     summary: This type of heterogeneous acid catalyst is low in cost, easier in preparation process, high effectiveness, greener and suitable for esterification of feedstock containing high FFA (Lokman et al., 2016b). Pore size diameter (Å) Acid sites density (mmol/g) Yield (%) SO3H/ICG 3 min 61.4021 0.127587 83.1156 13.06754 89.76 SO3H/ICG 5 min 72.2662 0.120126 66.4910 14.10319 96.37 SO3H/ICG 7 min 78.3671 0.160364 81.8527 15.16428 98.92 SO3H/ICG 9 min 23.7149 0.012392 20.9018 8.76817 84.79 Figure 1: TPD-NH3 of ICG/SO3-Ti at 3, 5, 7 and 9 minutes Figure 2: Fatty acid methyl ester percent yield at different catalyst acid treated time (minutes) 3.2 Reaction Kinetic Kinetic studies of PFAD esterification have been carried out at the optimum conditions of 10 : 1 molar ratio of methanol to oil, 50 °C, 60 °C and 70 °C reaction temperature, 2.5 wt% catalyst amounts and for a total of 90 minutes reaction.
    keywords: acid; biodiesel; catalyst; energy; icg; min; pfad; reaction; time
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        item: #4003 of 7527
          id: cet-2483
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-2483
        date: 2018-04-24
       words: 3791
      flesch: 28
     summary: Ling G. H. T., 2017, Institutional property rights of residential public open space in Sabah, Malaysia, PhD Thesis, Faculty of Built Environment, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Skudai, Malaysia. As institutions can determine internalisation of externalities, it is understood that different arrangement of property rights subject individuals' management and consumption behaviour to respective extent of incentives and costs, leading to different outcome of resources.
    keywords: carbon; commons; costs; dilemmas; neighbourhood; pos; property; rights; system; transaction
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        item: #4004 of 7527
          id: cet-2484
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-2484
        date: 2018-04-24
       words: 3864
      flesch: 43
     summary: The preliminary qualitative comparison of the three kinds of aquaponics system was summarised in Table 1. Figure 2: Framework for the future research of aquaponics system 6.
    keywords: aquaculture; aquaponics; development; fish; food; future; production; system; urban; water
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        item: #4005 of 7527
          id: cet-2485
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-2485
        date: 2018-04-24
       words: 2617
      flesch: 38
     summary: The challenges and policy framework for assessing Rotterdam CE initiatives are shown in the following Table 2. Table 2: Challenges and policy framework for assessing Rotterdam CE initiatives Challenges Policy framework for assessing Rotterdam CE initiatives i. Integration of CE within existing municipal programmes and policies; ii.
    keywords: development; energy; industry; johor; malaysia; pengerang; petroleum; refining; rotterdam
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        item: #4006 of 7527
          id: cet-2486
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-2486
        date: 2018-04-24
       words: 3378
      flesch: 55
     summary: Lai et al. (2017) implemented Stream Temperature vs Enthalpy Plot (STEP) diagram for HEN retrofit. Recent developments on HEN retrofit have seen the emergence of the graphical tools representing individual streams being increasingly utilised as compared to the conventional CC and Grand Composite Curve (GCC).
    keywords: diagram; etd; exchanger; heat; hen; retrofit; step; stream
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        item: #4007 of 7527
          id: cet-2487
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-2487
        date: 2018-04-24
       words: 4159
      flesch: 40
     summary: The solvent and water used are mostly ended up as waste water and are treated before being discharge in the DOI: 10.3303/CET1863083 Please cite this article as: Siti Norlaila Faeizah Mohd Rudin, Hazrul Adzfar bin Shabri, Zarina Ab Muis, Haslenda Hashim, Wai Shin Ho, 2018, Value-added waste potential of wastewater sludge from pharmaceutical industry: a review, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 63, 493-498 DOI:10.3303/CET1863083 493 environment at Wastewater Treatment Plant (WWTP). Reference Akkache S., Hernández A.B., Teixeira G., Gelix F., Roche N., Ferrasse J.H., 2016, Co-gasification of wastewater sludge and different feedstock: Feasibility study, Biomass and Bioenergy, 89, 201–209.
    keywords: api; et al; pharmaceutical; process; products; pwwt; sludge; treatment; value; wastewater; wwt
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        item: #4008 of 7527
          id: cet-2488
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-2488
        date: 2018-04-24
       words: 3252
      flesch: 55
     summary: Figure 2: Micrographs for water lettuce carbon with magnification of (a) 10,000 and (b) 20,000 times Figure 3: Capacitance plot of (a) asymmetric and (b) symmetrical EC with 30 % WL carbon Figure 4: Capacitance plot of (a) asymmetric and (b) symmetrical EC with 70 % of WL carbon 502 3.2 Electrochemical Capacitor Carbon electrodes from water hyacinth (Eichhornia R.) have a capacitance of 11.8 mF/g (Syarif et al., 2012). The higher impedances were come from electrodes with high content (70 %) of WL carbon, range from 100 to 120 ohm.
    keywords: carbon; electrode; figure; impedance; surface; water
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        item: #4009 of 7527
          id: cet-2489
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-2489
        date: 2018-04-24
       words: 4447
      flesch: 29
     summary: strength Szabó et al., 2017 Class F NaOH/Na2SiO3 Durability, porosity Pasupathy et al., 2017 Class F Limestone/oil palm shell ratio Compressive strength Embong et al., 2016 High-Ca FA Alkali activators Setting time, compr.strength Topark-Ngarm et al., 2015 Lignite FA Curing time Compressive strength Chindaprasirt et al., 2017a Class C Activator solution, curing time Surface prop., density Lavanya and Jegan, 2015 Class F & Class C FAs NaOH conc., NaOH/Na2SiO3, Si/Al, Na/Al Compressive strength, durability Temuujin et al. 2014 Ground lignite BAs NaOH, sodium silicate & curing T Resistance sulphate attack, compr. Higher reaction yield was obtained using finer ash fractions, while with coarser fractions unreacted particles were found and lower reaction yield was recorded (Kumar et al., 2015).
    keywords: ash; class; compressive; concrete; curing; durability; et al; fly; geopolymer; high; materials; properties; strength
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        item: #4010 of 7527
          id: cet-249
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-249
        date: 2017-10-04
       words: 2878
      flesch: 34
     summary: The current paper reports on the degradation of aromatic compounds and the reduction of hard COD in CGSGL using a Moving-Bed Biofilm Reactor (MBBR) system. Microorganisms containing the monooxygenase and dehydrogenase enzymes such as Pseudomonas putida (Shen and Wang, 1995), Pseudomonas aerigunosa (Oboirien and Chirwa, 2007), and Alcaligenes eutropha (Ornston, 1966) are known to facilitate ring cleavage of aromatic compounds leading to degradation of a range of aromatic compounds.
    keywords: aromatic; chemical; coal; compounds; data; gasification; model; phenol; process; pseudomonas; removal; wastewater
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        item: #4011 of 7527
          id: cet-2490
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-2490
        date: 2018-04-24
       words: 2820
      flesch: 64
     summary: Chakrabortty R.K., Hasin M.A.A., Sarker R.A., Essam D.I., 2015, A possibilistic environment based particle swarm optimization for aggregate production planning, Computers & Industrial Engineering, 88, 366-377. According to Chinguwa et al. (2013), production planning starts with a business plan where capacity investment is matched against projected market requirement.
    keywords: aggregate; planning; plant; production; reactor; time; total
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        item: #4012 of 7527
          id: cet-2491
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-2491
        date: 2018-04-24
       words: 3346
      flesch: 46
     summary: 520 (a) (b) Figure 3: Effect of GO ratios on LaFeO3 on photodegradation of (a) methylene blue and (b) methyl orange dye Meanwhile, under visible light irradiation, as shown in Figure 3a and 3b, photocatalytic activity showed effective removal of MB compared to MO removal. For adsorption process, the relationship between methylene blue dye’s adsorption rate and GO content followed the sequence: 5 % > 3 % > 2 % while for methyl orange dye, it showed that adsorption rate of MO dye increased with decreased in GO ratios on LaFeO3.
    keywords: adsorption; blue; dyes; ipca; lafeo3; methylene; photocatalytic; removal; surface
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        item: #4013 of 7527
          id: cet-2492
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-2492
        date: 2018-04-24
       words: 3326
      flesch: 49
     summary: Chaouchi S., Hamdaoui O., 2014, Acetaminophen extraction by emulsion liquid membrane using Aliquat 336 as extractant, Separation and Purification Technology, 129, 32-40. Kulkarni P.S., Mahajani V.V., 2002, Application of liquid emulsion membrane (LEM) process for enrichment of molybdenum from aqueous solutions, Journal of Membrane Science, 201, 123-135.
    keywords: agitation; breakage; emulsion; span; speed; stability; time
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        item: #4014 of 7527
          id: cet-2493
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-2493
        date: 2018-04-24
       words: 3510
      flesch: 52
     summary: Using EIS, fractional surface coverage was estimated to be around 0.467 for EC modified SPCE, 0.497 for ETSC modified SPCE, and 0.25 for ETSTSC modified SPCE. Using EIS, surface coverage was estimated to be around 0.467 for EC modified SPCE, 0.497 for ETSC modified SPCE, and 0.25 for ETSTSC modified SPCE.
    keywords: aunps; cysteine; etsc; etstsc; impedance; spce; surface
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        item: #4015 of 7527
          id: cet-2494
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-2494
        date: 2018-04-24
       words: 3986
      flesch: 41
     summary: Figure 2: Basic configuration for a flat, horizontal microfluidic membrane filtration unit 4. Materials and fabrication Contrary to many classical microfluidic chips that utilised PDMS polymer as materials for fabrication, in designing microfluidic membrane filtration unit, thermoplastics polymers are preferable. It is also important to take note that in microfluidic membrane filtration unit, the necessary pressure for separation is created by the feeding pump.
    keywords: chip; device; filtration; membrane; micro; pressure; process; separation; system; unit
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        item: #4016 of 7527
          id: cet-2495
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-2495
        date: 2018-04-24
       words: 3339
      flesch: 50
     summary: In terms of color of crude extract H. rosa-sinensis flower extracted using solvent pH 2 yielded red color extract while pH 4 yielded darker red color extract. Crude extracts obtained via 800 W power have higher amount of TAC compared to 400 W extract.
    keywords: anthocyanin; color; extraction; extracts; microwave; rosa; sinensis; time
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        item: #4017 of 7527
          id: cet-2496
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-2496
        date: 2018-04-24
       words: 3513
      flesch: 54
     summary: The fastest time for pinhead formation and first fruiting bodies crop were obtained for the 100 % RS substrate while the 50 % OPF - 50 % RS and the 100 % OPF substrates took the longest time. The % BE for the 100 % OPF substrate was much lower than that of the 100 % RS substrate.
    keywords: growth; mushroom; opf; ostreatus; pleurotus; substrate
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        item: #4018 of 7527
          id: cet-2497
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-2497
        date: 2018-04-24
       words: 3505
      flesch: 43
     summary: Table 1: The Simplex-Lattice Design with 14 experiments of % viability encapsulated of L. bulgaricus after spray drying, under simulated gastrointestinal condition and after 6 weeks storage at 25 °C Run A Gum Arabic (%) B Gelatine (%) C Coconut oil (%) The analysis of variance is tabulated in Table 2 indicate that F value for % viability after spray drying, under simulated gastrointestinal condition and after storage are 151.95, 30.23 and 21.32.
    keywords: arabic; coconut; drying; gastrointestinal; gelatine; gum; oil; spray; storage; viability
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        item: #4019 of 7527
          id: cet-2498
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-2498
        date: 2018-04-24
       words: 3147
      flesch: 46
     summary: Even though currently, the price of hydrogen gas is currently more expensive than a conventional energy sources since the cost for hydrogen gas production is about twice as natural gas and about three times the cost of coal but the technology will come to the maturity and it will be cheaper in the future as the source to produce it can be acquired easily (Mandil, 2004). EFB Drying Pyrolysis Gas cleaning process Gasification Figure 1: Reaction sequence of EFB gasification process The Redlich-Kwong-Soave (RKS) cubic equation of state with Boston-Mathias alpha function (RKS-BM) method was used to derive the basic thermodynamic properties of the system.
    keywords: efb; energy; gas; gasification; hydrogen; malaysia; process; production; reactor; temperature
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        item: #4020 of 7527
          id: cet-2499
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-2499
        date: 2018-04-24
       words: 3951
      flesch: 48
     summary: In process hazard analysis, it practices the concept of risk-based approach. Personal safety is related to how the worker operates the hydrogen unit, meanwhile process hazard is related to process upset and equipment failure.
    keywords: analysis; design; efb; explosion; fire; gasification; hazard; hydrogen; process; risk; safety
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        item: #4021 of 7527
          id: cet-250
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-250
        date: 2017-10-04
       words: 2775
      flesch: 39
     summary: We first used the CFD- based modelling, variated the packing inclination angle and analyse the results. A new concept called complementary modelling has recently been suggested, which uses different modelling approaches in combination, while their rigor and complexity stretch over a wide range.
    keywords: co2; engineering; figure; fluid; modelling; packing; process
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        item: #4022 of 7527
          id: cet-2500
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-2500
        date: 2018-04-24
       words: 3769
      flesch: 55
     summary: 2. Methodology 2.1 Experimental Set-up Physical and chemical properties of grain (wheat) starch dust will be examined while the explosive properties of wheat starch dust will be determined using the 1.2 L Hartmann dust explosion tube built according to ASTM E 789-95 (re-approved 2011) standard test method for dust explosion in a cylindrical vessel. (a) (b) Figure 2: (a) Maximum explosion pressure for Malaysian wheat starch (b) Maximum rate of pressure rise for wheat starch dust sample
    keywords: dust; explosion; maximum; particle; pressure; sample; size; starch; wheat
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        item: #4023 of 7527
          id: cet-2501
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-2501
        date: 2018-04-24
       words: 2463
      flesch: 42
     summary: DOI: 10.3303/CET1863097 Please cite this article as: Mariani Abdul Hamid, Norshamiza Abu Bakar, Chang Seo Park, Faiqah Ramli, Wan Rosli Wan, 2018, Optimisation of alpha mangostin extraction using supercritical co2 from garcinia mangostana, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 63, 577-582 DOI:10.3303/CET1863097 577 O O HO OCH3 OH OH Figure 1: Chemical structure of α-mangostin 2.2 Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Extraction Extraction was carried out at Centre of Lipid Engineering and Applied Research (CLEAR), University Teknologi Malaysia using a supercritical fluid extractor (SSI, State College Pennsylvania, US). From the 3D graph, it can be deduced that lower extraction temperature resulted in higher extraction yield of α mangostin (Zarena et al., 2012).
    keywords: extraction; mangostin; pressure; solvent; temperature; yield
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        item: #4024 of 7527
          id: cet-2502
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-2502
        date: 2018-04-24
       words: 3458
      flesch: 56
     summary: The target values are obtained from literature and by comparison with commonly used solvents for palm oil extraction including n-hexane. Solvent parameters which were heavily influenced in extraction process of oil from SBE are being focused on in this research.
    keywords: extraction; hexane; oil; palm; process; properties; solvent; target
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        item: #4025 of 7527
          id: cet-2503
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-2503
        date: 2018-04-24
       words: 3042
      flesch: 41
     summary: Overall, approach to produce magnetic cellulose as newly hybrid flocculant has potential to substitute existence flocculants due to the better performance. Speedy settling and following separation of stacked magnetic nanoparticles from solution and DOI: 10.3303/CET1863099 Please cite this article as: Mohamed Hizam Mohamed Noor, Norzita Ngadi, Wong Syie Luing, 2018, Synthesis of magnetic cellulose as flocculant for pre- treatment of anaerobically treated palm oil mill effluent, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 63, 589-594 DOI:10.3303/CET1863099 589 speedy settling speed can be easily achieved using an external magnetic field (Chiavola et al., 2017).
    keywords: cellulose; cod; flocculation; glutaraldehyde; magcell; magnetite; powder; removal; treatment; wastewater
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        item: #4026 of 7527
          id: cet-2504
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-2504
        date: 2018-04-24
       words: 3545
      flesch: 46
     summary: This condition can be described by the Fick’s second law of diffusion, indicating that a final equilibrium between the solute concentrations in the plant matrix and in the solvent might be reached after a certain time, leading to reduction in the extraction Z. zerumbet essential oil yield. It is important to observe the processing parameters of extraction such as solvent-to-solid ratio, particle size and extraction time, in order to obtain the optimal yield of zerumbone in essential oil extraction from Z. zerumbet.
    keywords: essential; extraction; oil; particle; ratio; solid; solvent; yield; zerumbet; zerumbone
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        item: #4027 of 7527
          id: cet-2505
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-2505
        date: 2018-04-24
       words: 3630
      flesch: 44
     summary: Microwave heating extraction produced a comparable yield to conventional heating extraction with a relatively small deviation of approximately 2.8 % in average. This study concludes that microwave heating extraction, which is a green technology, has great potential in reducing the carbon foot print due to a shorter processing time and reduced energy consumption (~77 % less) compared to conventional heating extraction.
    keywords: extraction; heating; leaves; microwave; solvent; techniques; temperature; time; yield
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        item: #4028 of 7527
          id: cet-2506
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-2506
        date: 2018-04-24
       words: 2926
      flesch: 42
     summary: Arttirmeedzee Mohd Azam, Nazlee Faisal Ghazali, Eraricar Md Salleh, Nik Azmi Nik Mahmood* Department of Bioprocess and Polymer Engineering, Faculty of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM) Johor Bahru Campus, 81310 Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia nikazmi@cheme.utm.my The efficiency of Microbial fuel cell (MFC) performance is based on how well the electron is transferred and finally turned into electrical power in a complete electrical circuit. Arttirmeedzee Mohd Azam, Nazlee Faisal Ghazali, Eraricar Md Salleh, Nik Azmi Nik Mahmood, 2018, Development of immobilised bioanode for microbial fuel cell, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 63, 607-612 DOI:10.3303/CET1863102 607 MFC studies (Wei et al., 2011).
    keywords: anode; cells; fuel; glucose; mfc; power; voltage
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        item: #4029 of 7527
          id: cet-2507
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-2507
        date: 2018-04-24
       words: 2214
      flesch: 44
     summary: The aim of the research is to evaluate the effect of fines content at various gradation and moulding water content on volumetric shrinkage property of compacted laterite soil; and to compare the results with regulatory standard for compliance to mitigate the negative effects of leachate on the environment. The effects of fines content on shear strength 617 and hydraulic conductivity of compacted laterite soils at various gradations and different moulding water contents are also encouraged to be investigated.
    keywords: content; fines; shrinkage; soil; volumetric; water
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        item: #4030 of 7527
          id: cet-2508
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-2508
        date: 2018-04-24
       words: 2792
      flesch: 51
     summary: Zweden C. 1992, The attractive properties of metal matrix composite, Journal of Metals, 44, 15-18. 624 Shao J.C., Xiao B.L., Wang Q.Z., Ma Z.Y., Yang K., 2011, An enhanced FEM model for particle size dependent flow strengthening and interface damage in particle reinforced metal matrix composites, Composite Science and Technology, 71, 39–45.
    keywords: composite; compressive; impact; loading; sicp; strength; tensile
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        item: #4031 of 7527
          id: cet-2509
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-2509
        date: 2018-04-24
       words: 3808
      flesch: 38
     summary: The questionnaire seeks opinions of 540 respondents on solid wastes that are generated from technical and vocational jobs and ways of improving solid waste management in technical and vocational jobs using informational technology. Agunwamba (1998) discussed the problems of solid waste management in Nigeria.
    keywords: environment; information; jobs; management; nigeria; technology; waste; waste management; ways
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        item: #4032 of 7527
          id: cet-251
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-251
        date: 2017-10-04
       words: 3469
      flesch: 45
     summary: Tan Y.H., 2010, Study of CO2 absorption into thermomorphic lipophilic amine solvents. The mixture of DMCA and HxA at 3 M concentration and 1:2 ratio almost resumed the same kinetics of CO2 absorption by hexylamine with a more improved absorption capacity and a return to equilibrium at 181 seconds.
    keywords: absorption; amines; co2; kinetics; pressure; regeneration; solvent
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        item: #4033 of 7527
          id: cet-2510
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-2510
        date: 2018-04-24
       words: 3611
      flesch: 63
     summary: Δ Δ Δ Δ         There are two categories of Finite difference scheme, the implicit and explicit scheme.
    keywords: j j; u u; u x; y u
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        item: #4034 of 7527
          id: cet-2511
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-2511
        date: 2018-04-24
       words: 4041
      flesch: 48
     summary: 4. Conclusions Characterization of chicken slaughterhouse wastewater (CSWW) is importance in order to determine the impact of discharged wastewater to the environment and suitable method for wastewater treatment which is low cost, effective and do not harm the environment. In the present study, the characteristics of chicken slaughterhouse wastewater were investigated to ascertain the role of these wastes in the adverse effect on the environment and natural water system.
    keywords: bod; chicken; cod; et al; l-1; slaughterhouse; slaughterhouse wastewater; wastewater
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        item: #4035 of 7527
          id: cet-2512
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-2512
        date: 2018-04-24
       words: 4062
      flesch: 43
     summary: Residential buildings contribute to climate change through carbon emission to the environment in the building procurement process and utilization. Carbon emission for direct fuel combustion was computed by utilizing the formula:
    keywords: building; carbon; co2; construction; emissions; energy; materials; study; transportation
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        item: #4036 of 7527
          id: cet-2513
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-2513
        date: 2018-04-24
       words: 3074
      flesch: 54
     summary: Hence it is possible to manufacture blended FA/OPC equivalent to Type C of Portland cement and Type FC of Portland FA cement using up to 20 % FA content. The physical and chemical properties of fly ash and laterite were studied to evaluate its possible influence on both fresh and hardened state of cement and laterized concrete.
    keywords: ash; cement; concrete; laterite; strength
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        item: #4037 of 7527
          id: cet-2514
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-2514
        date: 2018-04-24
       words: 4029
      flesch: 48
     summary: The optimum operating condition 403.15 K and 1000 N/m2 were chosen for removing 96.84 % EG and recovered highest BHET with a value of 99.98 % at the lowest heat duty of 913.74 kW. Table 2 . Although much EG has been removed, and higher BHET recovered at the first stage evaporator.
    keywords: bhet; evaporation; pet; pressure; process; stage; temperature
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        item: #4038 of 7527
          id: cet-2515
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-2515
        date: 2018-04-24
       words: 4037
      flesch: 47
     summary: The respondents mean score for workers compliance with measures for safe environment is above the criterion score set for the study and this indicates high workers compliance with measures for safe environment in quarry industries in Abakaliki Capital Development Territory of Ebonyi State. There is significant difference in workers compliance with measures for safe environment based on level of education.
    keywords: compliance; education; environment; health; level; measures; nigeria; quarry; safety; study; workers
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        item: #4039 of 7527
          id: cet-2516
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-2516
        date: 2018-04-24
       words: 2808
      flesch: 46
     summary: A on compressive strength of alkali activated mortar 3.4 Bending stress The bending stresses of OPC notched beam filled with alkali activated mortars shown in Figure 4. Generally, all the beams notched with alkali activated mortars presented excellent bending stress compared to base line and OPC control sample.
    keywords: aggregate; alkali; binder; content; huseien; materials; mortar; results; strength
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        item: #4040 of 7527
          id: cet-2517
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-2517
        date: 2018-04-24
       words: 3066
      flesch: 48
     summary: Among them, one of the alternatives is alkali activated mortar containing no cement at all. It is concluded that alkali activated mortar incorporating 100 percent wastes could be used in the construction industry with the almost negligible amount of environmental problems.
    keywords: alkali; ceramic; gbfs; mortar; setting; strength; time
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        item: #4041 of 7527
          id: cet-2518
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-2518
        date: 2018-04-24
       words: 2756
      flesch: 46
     summary: The purpose of this research is to compare the Finite Element methods (FEMs) and Finite Difference Methods (FDMs) for the simulation of air pollution problem and show the better numerical method out of the two methods. It was seen that Matlab and C program are powerful and indispensable in solving diffusion equation problem.
    keywords: air; element; fem; finite; form; method; numerical; problem
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        item: #4042 of 7527
          id: cet-2519
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-2519
        date: 2018-04-24
       words: 3464
      flesch: 43
     summary: A Nikon D90 Digital Single Lens Reflex (DSLR) camera was the main equipment for fluid migration image acquisition and the V shape 686 reflection mirror was used to reflect the whole area of soil column image. In a previous research by (Sa’ari et al., 2015), an experiment on toluene migration in double- porosity soil with 25 % moisture content without vibration effect was performed.
    keywords: column; image; migration; napl; porosity; sample; soil; vibration
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        item: #4043 of 7527
          id: cet-252
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-252
        date: 2017-10-04
       words: 3688
      flesch: 38
     summary: Thermal insulation coatings can effectively prevent coatings and substrate from solar radiation under the condition of zero-energy consumption, which could improve the working conditions and reduce the energy consumption. At present, the application of thermal insulation coatings on the construction exterior wall has been an effective way to save construction energy (Cai, 2014) and improve indoor environment comfort (Song et al., 2008).
    keywords: coatings; energy; heat; insulation; insulation coatings; insulation layer; layer; radiation; transfer
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        item: #4044 of 7527
          id: cet-2520
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-2520
        date: 2018-04-24
       words: 3491
      flesch: 53
     summary: The current urban areas plants that were used for domestic wastewater treatment were locations in Johor Bahru (A), Kuala Lumpur, (B) and Penang (C). The highest result of turbidity was observed in plant B wastewater treatment in the month of March and with the lowest in November.
    keywords: effluent; malaysian; plant; treatment; value; wastewater
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        item: #4045 of 7527
          id: cet-2521
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-2521
        date: 2018-04-24
       words: 2916
      flesch: 47
     summary: Figure 4: Membrane rejection rate as a function of feed inlet temperature with the operation condition of feed and permeate inlet flow rate at 0.4 L/min, permeate inlet temperature at 18 °C. Through some approaches studied, technologies such as conventional methods, for example, activated carbon adsorption, chemical precipitation, flocculation, biosorption, evaporation, filtration, solvent extraction, reverse osmosis and membrane distillation are typically employed to remove nickel from wastewater.
    keywords: feed; inlet; membrane; nickel; permeate; rate; rejection; temperature; wastewater
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        item: #4046 of 7527
          id: cet-2522
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-2522
        date: 2018-04-24
       words: 3685
      flesch: 52
     summary: The microstructure of skin collagen was a fibrous network with thinner collagen fiber. Skin collagen is the most delicate network and proposed to feature more covalent bonds (Oechsle et al., 2016).
    keywords: acid; amino; asc; cm-1; collagen; food; goat; goat skin; kacang; skin
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        item: #4047 of 7527
          id: cet-2523
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-2523
        date: 2018-04-24
       words: 3274
      flesch: 42
     summary: The salt ion attracts water molecules from proteins because the salt ions have greater solubility than enzyme proteins, so the protein concentration becomes higher in the solution causing the specific activity of the enzyme to increase (Wardani and Nindita, 2013). The material used was protease enzyme from Bacillus cereus TD5B. It was produced and purified in a liquid medium using ammonium sulfate precipitation.
    keywords: activity; ammonium; bacillus; cereus; enzyme; protein; purification; sulfate
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        item: #4048 of 7527
          id: cet-2524
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-2524
        date: 2018-04-24
       words: 3747
      flesch: 51
     summary: To date, the relationship between energy consumption, environmental degradation and economic growth have been widely studied. This DOI: 10.3303/CET1863120 Please cite this article as: Sayed Kushairi B. Sayed Nordin, Sek S. Kun, 2018, Investigating the relationship on co2, energy consumption and economic growth: a panel data approach, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 63, 715-720 DOI:10.3303/CET1863120 715 investigation has been applied using second generation panel unit root tests to relax the restrictive assumption of cross-sectional independence.
    keywords: co2; consumption; countries; economic; energy; growth; oil; relationship; run
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        item: #4049 of 7527
          id: cet-2525
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-2525
        date: 2018-04-24
       words: 3653
      flesch: 44
     summary: However, regardless of the benefits of WLCC, still, its implementation is hindered among the professionals in the construction industry (Meng and Harshaw, 2013) 2.1 Barriers of WLCC implementation Based on the researches that have been carried out in the area of WLCC, many barriers of its implementation have been indicated. Firstly, there is lack of motivation from the client for WLCC implementation (Chiurugwi et al., 2010).
    keywords: implementation; malaysia; pfi; pfi projects; ppp; projects; sfm; wlcc
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        item: #4050 of 7527
          id: cet-2526
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-2526
        date: 2018-04-24
       words: 3295
      flesch: 60
     summary: On the other hand, specimens with 50 to 60 % fibre volume fraction point out outstanding performance. (a) (b) Figure 1: (a) Stress-strain curves for jute-PP tensile specimen with fibre volume fraction of 20 %, 50 % and 80 %.
    keywords: composites; fibre; fraction; jute; modulus; properties; strength; tensile; volume
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        item: #4051 of 7527
          id: cet-2527
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-2527
        date: 2018-04-24
       words: 2499
      flesch: 45
     summary: Conclusion The results of the present study demonstrate that TiO2 supported brick waste was successfully synthesized. Sun, Z., Chen, Y., Ke, Q., Yang, Y., Yuan, J., 2002, Photocatalytic degradation of a cationic azo dye by TiO2/bentonite nanocomposite, Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology A: Chemistry 149, 169–174.
    keywords: adsorption; brick; degradation; h2o2; material; photocatalytic; tio2; waste
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        item: #4052 of 7527
          id: cet-2528
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-2528
        date: 2018-04-24
       words: 2604
      flesch: 60
     summary: Isolation of lignin from oil palm empty fruit bunches and synthesis of sodium lignosulphonate have been done by using batch method. Study on lignin isolation from oil palm empty fruit bunches have been done by Prakoso et al. (2016) and Harmaja Simatupang et al.
    keywords: aquadest; fruit; lignin; oil; reaction; reflux
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        item: #4053 of 7527
          id: cet-2529
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-2529
        date: 2018-04-24
       words: 3121
      flesch: 54
     summary: Thus, indicates that the treatment has done excellent work in modifying the surface of bamboo fibre for better adhesion with epoxy matrix. Phong et al. (2011) reported that 1 % of NaOH solution is sufficient to treat bamboo fibre as their experimental results showed the treated bamboo fibre reinforced epoxy composites exhibited higher mechanical properties compared to untreated.
    keywords: bamboo; composites; epoxy; fibre; naoh; strength; tensile; treatment
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        item: #4054 of 7527
          id: cet-253
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-253
        date: 2017-10-04
       words: 3269
      flesch: 57
     summary: 61, 2017 A publication of The Italian Association of Chemical Engineering Online at www.aidic.it/cet Guest Editors: Petar S Varbanov, Rongxin Su, Hon Loong Lam, Xia Liu, Jiří J Klemeš Copyright © 2017, AIDIC Servizi S.r.l. ISBN978-88-95608-51-8; ISSN 2283-9216 A Modified Method for Design of Distributed Wastewater Treatment Systems: Each Unit Removing Multiple Contaminants Chang-Zhan Liua, Ai-Hong Lia, Zhi-Yong Liub,* aDepartment of Chemical Engineering, Chengde Petroleum College, Hebei 067000, China bSchool of Marine Science and Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300130, China liuzhiyong@hebut.edu.cn A modified method is presented for the design of distributed wastewater treatment systems, in which each process can remove multiple contaminants, based on our previous work. Wang and Smith (1994) introduced Pinch Analysis method for the design of distributed wastewater treatment systems.
    keywords: contaminants; flowrate; process; treatment; wastewater
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        item: #4055 of 7527
          id: cet-2530
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-2530
        date: 2018-04-24
       words: 2164
      flesch: 44
     summary: The result of the UV-Vis spectra analysis, electrolysis textile waste can be seen in Figure 5. Figure 5: Spectra analysis result of UV-Vis spectrophotometer at various potential 754 Based on the results of the analysis of the spectra shown in Figure 5 shows that the decrease in absorbance occurs along with the greater potential that is used when the process of electrolysis to textile waste, which found that the maximum absorbance decreases in the potential use of 3 V. Colour removal percentage at potential variation can be seen in Table 2. Colour removal percentage by textile waste electrolysis result calculated using Eq(1).
    keywords: cod; electrolysis; potential; steel; textile; waste
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        item: #4056 of 7527
          id: cet-2531
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-2531
        date: 2018-04-24
       words: 2614
      flesch: 51
     summary: Higher maximum dry density (1.89 g/cm 3 at 0.075 % nanomaterial) was obtained for soil samples with CNT possibly due to its finer dimensions compared to CNF. Compared with the pure soil samples, the hydraulic conductivity values of soil-nanomaterials mixture decreased from (a) (b) (a) (b) 760 2.16 x 10 -9 m/s to 9.46 x 10 -10 m/s for soil samples reinforced by CNT and 2.16 x 10 -9 m/s to 7.44 x 10 -10 m/s for soil samples reinforced by CNF.
    keywords: carbon; cnf; cnt; conductivity; nanomaterials; soil; water
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        item: #4057 of 7527
          id: cet-2532
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-2532
        date: 2018-04-24
       words: 3517
      flesch: 50
     summary: Brown pigment of treated Kelulut honey was obtained at 0.102 and an antioxidant activity of 38.06 %. This study was conducted to investigate the combined effects of temperature and time of double boiling treatment on the quality of Kelulut honey using Response Surface Methodology (RSM).
    keywords: content; honey; moisture; solids; temperature; time; treatment
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        item: #4058 of 7527
          id: cet-2533
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-2533
        date: 2018-04-24
       words: 3274
      flesch: 55
     summary: In terms of corrosion rate values, stainless steel alloy showed the best corrosion rate in neutral pH, which is 3.048 × 10-3 without addition of BSA in solution. The corrosion behaviour for stainless steel 316L and Ti-6Al-4V at pH 5.2 and 7.4 under simulated biological conditions either with or without the presence of proteins were investigated using electrochemical methods.
    keywords: 316l; alloys; bsa; corrosion; pbs; solution; steel; ti-6al-4v
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        item: #4059 of 7527
          id: cet-2534
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-2534
        date: 2018-04-24
       words: 2462
      flesch: 48
     summary: Nowadays, vibration energy shows a promising amount of energy generation. Typically, vibration energy can be converted into electric energy by three methods, namely electromagnetic (inductive), electrostatic (capacitive) and piezoelectric conversion.
    keywords: circuit; energy; piezoelectric; power; sources; system; vibration; voltage
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        item: #4060 of 7527
          id: cet-2535
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-2535
        date: 2018-04-24
       words: 2660
      flesch: 56
     summary: The air-conditioning system always tends to produce an excess of low temperature heat which usually called as “waste heat”. The data is recorded from different temperature of thermostat which are at 16 °C, 18 °C, 20 °C, 22 °C and 24 °C.
    keywords: compressor; energy; heat; teg; temperature
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        item: #4061 of 7527
          id: cet-2536
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-2536
        date: 2018-04-24
       words: 3537
      flesch: 59
     summary: In vertical hole, the CTE for drilled cuttings size of 0.50 – 0.99 mm in WBM was 91 % and it reduced to 89 % as the size of drilled cuttings increased to 1.00 – 1.39 mm. This was supported by the worst performance shown by drilled cuttings size of 2.80 – 3.34 mm, i.e., the CTE was only 73 % at vertical angle.
    keywords: angles; beads; cte; cuttings; hole; mud
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        item: #4062 of 7527
          id: cet-2537
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-2537
        date: 2018-04-24
       words: 3642
      flesch: 47
     summary: This study provides a contribution in setting determination of the criteria/ factors which can be used as the analysis unit in selecting chemistry laboratory equipment. The use DOI: 10.3303/CET1863133 Please cite this article as: Ferli Septi Irwansyah, Cepy Slamet, Muhammad Ali Ramdhani, 2018, The analysis of determinant factors in selecting laboratory equipment in chemistry education experiment, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 63, 793-798 DOI:10.3303/CET1863133 793 of methodology, equipment, and the material is an important point in the laboratory learning process.
    keywords: accuracy; chemistry; equipment; experiment; laboratory; learning; process; safety; students; use
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        item: #4063 of 7527
          id: cet-2538
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-2538
        date: 2018-04-24
       words: 3756
      flesch: 54
     summary: The improvement in mechanical strength properties proved the presence of unsaturation from an acrylic group was attached at the end of aliphatic polyester backbone chain. HDT (°C) PBS 92.88(2.3) 388.6(11) 166.7(3.19) 37.4(1) 44.45(0.7) 615.4(11.5) 97.4(1.3) 0.5 %TAIC 115.5(1.2) 394.3(4.8) 159.7(0.95) 38.9(1) 46.6(0.2) 645.7(5.6) 98.7(0.9) 1 %TAIC 88.3(2.5) 236.7(4.7) 160.8(9.4) 38.9(0.81) 43.93(0.8) 600.85(10) 101.5(0.7) 2 %TAIC 84.29(3.7) 171.1(1.6) 164.4(11) 36.5(0.98) 43.14(2.4) 606(25.6) 97.8(0.6) 0.5 %TPGDA 110.0(3.1) 453.3(1.6) 174.7(7.87) 38.3(2.03) 44.38(0.8) 615.5(11.6) 98.75(0.8) 1 %TPGDA 121.0(9) 460.0(10) 170(8.6) 39.5(1.37) 43.36(0.3) 607.23(7.7) 97.05(1.5) 2 %TPGDA 128.0(3) 723.0(9) 166.2(7.85) 48.8(1.01) 41.17(0.8) 556.94(8.5) 97.43(1.3) 0.5 %HDDA 108.5(0.3) 442.2(2.9) 183.7(6.5) 38.0(1.21) 44.96(0.5) 610.25(4.9) 99.17(1.1) 1 %HDDA 118.1(5.1) 725.4(8.3) 174.7(3.32) 48.1(0.54) 44.41(0.7) 604.5(12.7) 97.19(0.5) 2 %HDDA 145.3(3.5) 856(4.4) 171.4(1.52) 56.4(1.14) 41.78(0.4) 571.48(9.7) 97.6(0.7) HDDA was expected to have higher mechanical strength compared to TPGDA due to its low molecular weight thus more compact blend occurred.
    keywords: crosslinking; dose; hdda; kgy; pbs; polymer; properties; radiation; strength; taic
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        item: #4064 of 7527
          id: cet-2539
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-2539
        date: 2018-04-24
       words: 3533
      flesch: 45
     summary: Hoekman, S., Broch, A., Robbins, C., Ceniceros, E., Natarajan, M., 2012, Review of biodiesel composition, properties, and specifications, Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 16(1), 143-169. 809 Keera, S., El Sabagh, S., Taman, A., 2011, Transesterification of vegetable oil to biodiesel fuel using alkaline catalyst, Fuel, 90(1), 42-47. Knothe, G., 2005, Dependence of biodiesel fuel properties on the structure of fatty acid alkyl esters, Fuel Processing Technology, 86(10), 1059-1070. In addition, being a lower heating value of fuel biodiesel requiring more fuel in the range 10 %-50 % compared to diesel flow to deliver same output.
    keywords: biodiesel; density; fgb; fuel; gas; properties; sgb; surface; tension; turbine
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        item: #4065 of 7527
          id: cet-254
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-254
        date: 2017-10-04
       words: 4228
      flesch: 68
     summary: i S ( )S ii S x v S∈ = ， ( )1 2, ,...,s S S S nX x x x= ， ， ， S ( )C v N NX { }( ), N ii S S n S
    keywords: coalition; plant; risk; shapley; value
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        item: #4066 of 7527
          id: cet-2540
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-2540
        date: 2018-04-24
       words: 2780
      flesch: 49
     summary: About 10-15 % of used dye cannot be reused and must be discarded. Qualitative analysis after electrolysis methylene blue can be using UV-Vis Spectrophotometer.
    keywords: aeration; blue; carbon; electrode; electrolysis; methylene; waste
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        item: #4067 of 7527
          id: cet-2541
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-2541
        date: 2018-04-24
       words: 3220
      flesch: 50
     summary: DOI: 10.3303/CET1863137 Please cite this article as: Sabri Nurul Elma, Khalilah Badarusham, Dzulfadli Rosli, Shamala Salvamani, Mohd Sukri Hassan, Roshada Hashim, 2018, Solvents extraction effects on bioactive compounds of ajwa date (phoenix dactylifera l.) flesh using mixture design, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 63, 817-822 DOI:10.3303/CET1863137 817 2. Many studies use the mixture of polar solvents extraction to extract targeted group of compounds, but in this study, by following the three-mixture design concept, with the mixture of solvent extraction with varying polarities, other bioactive compounds could be extracted and identified using GCMS.
    keywords: acid; compounds; date; design; extraction; mixture; solvents
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        item: #4068 of 7527
          id: cet-2542
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-2542
        date: 2018-04-24
       words: 3346
      flesch: 52
     summary: Today, there is still uncertainty on the most proficient technique to accomplish ASP flooding in terms of mixture ratios and sequences of injection ASP and the right formulation can lead to a better recovery. In the laboratory work, three types of chemical flooding injection design were evaluated namely, continuous or conventional ASP flooding, alternating ASP with waterflooding, and lastly tapering water to ASP ratio.
    keywords: asp; flooding; injection; oil; recovery; waterflooding
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        item: #4069 of 7527
          id: cet-2543
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 55castellanos.docx
        date: 2018-05-10
       words: 2809
      flesch: 44
     summary: The effect of several factors (pH, time, voltage and distance between the electrodes) and for types of materials (Copper, Aluminium, Iron and Steel) on biomass recovery efficiency from a culture of Chlorella vulgaris UTEX 1803 was evaluated by the implementation of a Design of experiments (4 3 non-factorial design) using STATISTICA 7.0. Results show that, the materials with higher concentration efficiency were cooper and aluminium with 40 and 80% respectively, and the most relevant factors were distance between electrodes (1-2 cm), time (>20 min) and Voltage (>15V).
    keywords: biomass; concentration; copper; design; efficiency; electrodes; microalgae; time; voltage
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        item: #4070 of 7527
          id: cet-2544
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 55castellanos.docx
        date: 2018-05-08
       words: 3723
      flesch: 39
     summary: 11 4. Conclusions Promising results for BC production using sugarcane molasses were demonstrated and confirm this industrial residue of plants as an alternative carbon and nitrogen source that reduces BC production cost. Sugar cane molasses can be used as an alternative substrate for BC production.
    keywords: cane; cellulose; media; medium; molasses; production; sugars; yield
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        item: #4071 of 7527
          id: cet-2545
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 55castellanos.docx
        date: 2018-05-08
       words: 3398
      flesch: 52
     summary: Protein content was given by Eq(2): PC = v x 0.14 x f w (2) PC = protein content 14 v = sulfuric acid volume added – sodium hydroxide volume consumed in titration f = conversion factor = 4.38 w = weight of sample 2.5 Fatty acids profile Around 0.5 g of each sample (dried biomass) was grinded and extracted with a chloroform/methanol (2:1) mixture, according to Folch et al. 3. Results and discussion 3.1 Biomass yield and nutritional composition Biomass yields, ash, and protein content are shown in Table 1.
    keywords: ash; biomass; content; d.m; food; protein
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        item: #4072 of 7527
          id: cet-2546
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 55castellanos.docx
        date: 2018-05-08
       words: 3334
      flesch: 50
     summary: Time (min) 0 30 60 90 120 150 180 210 240 270 300 330 360 A d so rp tio n e ff ic ie n cy ( % ) 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 0.01 g/L 0.02 g/L 0.04 g/L 0.06 g/L 0.08 g/L 0.10 g/L 0.12 g/L (a) Adsorption efficiency of different biomass dosage Time (min) 0 30 60 90 120 150 180 210 240 270 300 330 360 A d so rp tio n c a p a ci ty ( m g /g ) 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 0.01 g/L 0.02 g/L 0.04 g/L 0.06 g/L 0.08 g/L 0.10 g/L 0.12 g/L (b) Adsorption capacity of different biomass dosage 21 Biomass dosage (g/L) 0.00 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.04 0.05 0.06 0.07 0.08 0.09 0.10 0.11 0.12 0.13 A d s o rp ti o n r a te ( m g /( g ·m in )) 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 (c) Adsorption rate of different biomass dosage at the corresponding equilibrium time Figure 1: Effect of biomass dosage on Au (III) (a) adsorption efficiency, (b) adsorption capacity, (c) adsorption rate (pH 2.36, 25°C, 100 mL of initial conc. 3. Results and Discussion 3.1 Effect of Biomass Dosage A range of biomass dosage from 0.01 to 0.12 g/L was used to obtain the best binding performance by S. obliquus AS-6-1.
    keywords: adsorption; biomass; iii
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        item: #4073 of 7527
          id: cet-2547
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 55castellanos.docx
        date: 2018-05-08
       words: 3147
      flesch: 44
     summary: Western Blot analysis of troponin I expressed in cardiomyocytes cells after 1 day from the isolation. In this contest, Abiel collagenases class I (Col G) and class II (Col H) were synthesised using recombinant DNA technologies and their ability to degrade collagen in cell isolation from different tissues was tested.
    keywords: cardiomyocytes; cells; collagenases; digestion; heart; isolation; minutes; troponin
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        item: #4074 of 7527
          id: cet-2548
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 55castellanos.docx
        date: 2018-05-08
       words: 3596
      flesch: 47
     summary: Della Porta G., Taddeo R., D’Urso E., Reverchon E., 1998, Isolation of clove bud and star anise essential oil by supercritical CO2 extraction, LWT-Food Science and Technology 31, 454-460. Reverchon E., Ambruosi A., Senatore F., 1994a, Isolation of peppermint oil using supercritical CO2 extraction, Flavour Fragrance J. 9, 19-23.
    keywords: annua; co2; compounds; et al; extraction; plant; process; reverchon
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        item: #4075 of 7527
          id: cet-2549
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 55castellanos.docx
        date: 2018-05-08
       words: 3983
      flesch: 44
     summary: Cai D., Chen, H., Chen, C., Hu, S., Wang, Y., Chang, Z., Miao, Q., Qin, P., Wang, Z., Wang., J., Tan, T., 2016, Gas stripping–pervaporation hybrid process for energy-saving product recovery from acetone– butanol–ethanol (ABE) fermentation broth, Chemical Engineering Journal 287, 1-10. Chen Y., Ren H., Liu D., Zhao T., Shi X., Cheng H., Zhao N., Li Z., Li B., Niu H., Zhuang W., Xie J., Chen X., Wu J., Ying H., 2014, Enhancement of n-butanol production by in situ butanol removal using permeating– heating–gas stripping in acetone–butanol–ethanol fermentation, Bioresource Technology 164, 276-284. These results are in agreement with other works which observed that solutions containing butanol concentrations near or exceeding butanol solubility in water (~7.7 %, w/w) and subjected to gas stripping result in a significantly high concentrated butanol condensate, thus improving the energy-saving potential of gas stripping for energy-efficient dewatering technologies (Xue et al. 2013, 2014a,b; Chen et al., 2014).
    keywords: butanol; condensate; conditions; feed; fermentation; gas; gas stripping; recovery; stripping
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        item: #4076 of 7527
          id: cet-255
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-255
        date: 2017-10-04
       words: 3918
      flesch: 49
     summary: Construct Problem Table Algorithm (PTA) for heat cascade Assuming a theoretical ΔTmin of 0 K for the process, which is the same as Marmolejo-Correa and Gundersen (2012), the system requires a minimum hot utility of 6.85 kW and a minimum cold utility of 4.40 kW with a Pinch temperature of -83.15 ºC, as shown in Table 2, which corresponds to exergy temperature of 21.87 K. Enthalpy in the interval for both streams is also determined in tabulated form. The conventional PTA is constructed to determine QHmin, QCmin, Pinch temperature, and enthalpy in each temperature interval for both hot and cold streams (Klemeš, 2013).
    keywords: cascade; enthalpy; exergy; heat; pinch; process; pta; temperature
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        item: #4077 of 7527
          id: cet-2550
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 55castellanos.docx
        date: 2018-05-08
       words: 3908
      flesch: 48
     summary: = ∙ ∙∙ (2) , where Vf1 and Vf2 – feed volume before and after separation, Cf1 and Cf2 – butanol concentration in the feed and treated ferm-broth, S – membrane area, t – separation time. Figure 1: Time curves for carbohydrates and butanol concentrations under fermentation with glycerol addition When using the B-10535 strain, the maximum butanol concentration was achieved already in 40 h, whereas for the В-10937 and В-10935 strains, this time was 30-35 h of cultivation, which is 5-10 h earlier.
    keywords: abe; acetone; broth; butanol; concentration; fermentation; flour; glycerol; process; strains; tpv
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        item: #4078 of 7527
          id: cet-2551
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 55castellanos.docx
        date: 2018-05-08
       words: 3480
      flesch: 53
     summary: 51 Figure 3: Response and contour surface for caffeine extraction in ultrasound-assisted extraction using the ionic liquid 2HEAA at 3 min with ultrasonic pulse every 10 seconds. This result corroborates the comparison between conventional extraction protocols and ultrasound assisted extraction using ultrasound bath and ultrasound probe performed by Horzic group (Horzic et al 2012).
    keywords: alkaloids; caffeine; concentration; extraction; ionic; liquid; mg.l-1; pil; power; theobromine; ultrasound
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        item: #4079 of 7527
          id: cet-2552
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 55castellanos.docx
        date: 2018-05-08
       words: 3259
      flesch: 40
     summary: Reckoning of potential demand and potential compost supply in the utilization regions 3.1 Potential compost demand The potential compost demand of crops was calculated based on the cultivated area of crops and the application standards (i.e. the original fertilization unit) of compost. Around 2,234,600 ton/year of potential compost supply is left unused.
    keywords: compost; compost demand; compost supply; demand; henan; livestock; ratio; region; supply
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        item: #4080 of 7527
          id: cet-2553
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 55castellanos.docx
        date: 2018-05-08
       words: 3056
      flesch: 48
     summary: The inhibitory activity of the three kinds of essential oils against α-glucosidase was contrasted with that of acarbose (positive control). During the development of new α-glucosidase inhibitors, the popular oral hypoglycemic drug acarbose, a reversible inhibitor of α-glucosidase activity, is often employed as the positive control (Imran et al., 2016).
    keywords: activity; chinensis; glucosidase; oil; oils; schisandra; senecio
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        item: #4081 of 7527
          id: cet-2554
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 55castellanos.docx
        date: 2018-05-08
       words: 2894
      flesch: 43
     summary: 16S rRNA genomic material was extracted and prepared following the method outlined by Chirwa et al. (2017). In this study, cultures of biosurfactant producing bacteria were isolated from engine oil contaminated soil at a car servicing facility in Pretoria (South Africa).
    keywords: biosurfactant; degradation; fluoranthene; pahs; reactor; results; soil
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        item: #4082 of 7527
          id: cet-2555
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 55castellanos.docx
        date: 2018-05-08
       words: 2423
      flesch: 45
     summary: In view of this, the headspace-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) was adopted to demonstrate the BTEX adsorption process of solutions containing multiple components, given that the four factors of alkaline, salinity, organic matter and temperature produce different effects on this process, as well as the law of effect of multiple factors on BTEX adsorption. Obviously, when the solution is acidic, PH increases while the adsorption capacity decreases; when the PH value exceeds 7, there is no clear law about relationship between BTEX adsorption capacity and PH value, which is basically consistent with the studies of Maria Tung Ling (Tong et al, 2007) and others.
    keywords: adsorption; benzene; btex; capacity; content; doi; organic; soil; solution
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        item: #4083 of 7527
          id: cet-2556
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 55castellanos.docx
        date: 2018-05-08
       words: 3041
      flesch: 44
     summary: Considering the biochemical conversion parameters of cultivation waste, the secondary development of product substrates and the standardized assessment after conversion of culture substrate waste, this paper takes the cultivation waste of edible fungi as the test materials and studies the microbial conversion of such waste, and then applies the converted culture substrates in the culture of cucumber seedlings. Considering the biochemical conversion parameters of cultivation waste, the secondary development of product substrates and the standardized assessment after conversion of culture substrate waste (Chitamba et al., 2012; Bilal et al., 2014), this paper takes the cultivation DOI: 10.3303/CET1864014 Please cite this article as: Qiurong Yang , 2018, On the biochemical conversion technology of edible fungi cultivation waste based on microbial fermentation process, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 64, 79-84 DOI: 10.3303/CET1864014 79 waste of edible fungi as the test materials and studies the microbial conversion of such waste, and then applies the converted culture substrates in the culture of cucumber seedlings.
    keywords: cultivation; cultivation waste; culture; seedlings; substrate; temperature; waste
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        item: #4084 of 7527
          id: cet-2557
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 55castellanos.docx
        date: 2018-05-08
       words: 2422
      flesch: 55
     summary: The case study proves that FRP materials can prolong the service life of concrete structures and reduce the engineering cost. Through the case study, it is proved that FRP materials can prolong the service life of concrete structures and reduce the engineering cost.
    keywords: beams; carbon; enhancement; fibre; frp; glue; reinforcement; sheets
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        item: #4085 of 7527
          id: cet-2558
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 55castellanos.docx
        date: 2018-05-08
       words: 3694
      flesch: 50
     summary: 93 4.2 Production of EOR compounds Figure 1 shows the result of xanthan gum production (g.L-1) and rhamnolipid production (g.L-1) over time. These compounds, produced either in situ or ex situ, are commonly utilized in enhanced oil recovery (EOR) methods in order to improve oil production (Al-Bahry et al., 2013).
    keywords: biomass; compounds; gum; hours; oil; production; rhamnolipid; viscosity; xanthan
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        item: #4086 of 7527
          id: cet-2559
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 55castellanos.docx
        date: 2018-05-08
       words: 3932
      flesch: 49
     summary: However, utilization of these substrates in arabitol production is still understudied and only few strains have been proposed so far. A significant increase in arabitol production was observed with 1 and especially with 0 g/L ammonium sulfate.
    keywords: anomala; arabitol; glycerol; lactose; production; rouxii
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        item: #4087 of 7527
          id: cet-256
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-256
        date: 2017-10-04
       words: 2845
      flesch: 54
     summary: Steam flow rates are calculated based on temperatures of steam mains and head loads of process, then. When the temperature of the LP steam main is specified, the temperatures of VHP, HP and MP steam mains can be calculated based on the temperature of LP steam main.
    keywords: cogeneration; example; mains; method; steam
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        item: #4088 of 7527
          id: cet-2560
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 55castellanos.docx
        date: 2018-05-08
       words: 3400
      flesch: 52
     summary: As a conclusion, it seems essential to determine VFA production yield from HFW generated in European countries aiming to contribute to a better understanding of the process and to foster real implementation of HFW fermentation at large scale. Considering the existing literature, experimental data about VFA production yield at large scale using MMC is sparse.
    keywords: acid; fatty; fermentation; food; hfw; production; vfa; waste
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        item: #4089 of 7527
          id: cet-2562
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 55castellanos.docx
        date: 2018-05-08
       words: 3204
      flesch: 50
     summary: Since fatty acids and olefins similarity, Lindlar catalyst was chosen to conduct preliminary oil hydrogenation tests. In fact, low pressure in the gas phase leads to low concentrations of hydrogen in the liquid phase and then at the surface of the catalyst, solubility of hydrogen depending from of oil pressure and temperature (Andersson et al. 1974).
    keywords: acid; catalyst; hydrogenation; mpa; oil; oils; test; trans
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        item: #4090 of 7527
          id: cet-2563
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 55castellanos.docx
        date: 2018-05-08
       words: 3409
      flesch: 44
     summary: Mäki Arvela P., Rozmyslowicz B., Lestari S., Simakova O., Eränen K., Salmi T., Murzin D.Y., 2011, Catalytic deoxygenation of tall oil fatty acid over palladium supported on mesoporous carbon, Energy Fuels, 25, 2815-2825. It is suggested that Jatropha curcas oil deoxygenation proceeds mainly through the reactions of decarboxylation and ketonization (also involving a decarboxylation).
    keywords: acid; decarboxylation; deoxygenation; min; oil; reaction
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        item: #4091 of 7527
          id: cet-2564
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 55castellanos.docx
        date: 2018-05-08
       words: 3321
      flesch: 53
     summary: The aim of this work was to assess the effect of ethanol, 50 % aqueous ethanol and water as extraction solvents on extraction yield, total phenolic content and antioxidant activity of pine bark extracts. Pine bark is an abundant residue of the wood industry, since it represents 10–20% of the pine tree trunk.
    keywords: activity; antioxidant; bark; ethanol; extraction; food; pine; solvents; total; water
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        item: #4092 of 7527
          id: cet-2565
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 55castellanos.docx
        date: 2018-05-08
       words: 3562
      flesch: 48
     summary: The strain grew well in the presence of various commercial medicaments (34 tested) spotted on the surface on of MRS agar inoculated with Lc. lactis subsp. PCR analysis evidenced that DNA of Lc. lactis subsp.
    keywords: bacteria; growth; lactis; lactis mk02r; lactis subsp; mk02r; todorov
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        item: #4093 of 7527
          id: cet-2566
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 55castellanos.docx
        date: 2018-05-08
       words: 2664
      flesch: 46
     summary: 3.4 Consideration on process design On the basis of the obtained experimental results, a mass flow of the potential biorefinery of CS for butanol and isopropanol production has been reported in Figure 3. Pol. 83, 368–374. Procentese A., Raganati F., Olivier, G., Russo M.E, Rehmann L., Marzocchella, A. 2017a, Low-energy biomass pretreatment with deep eutectic solvents for bio-butanol production, Bioresour.
    keywords: butanol; coffee; fermentation; glucose; isopropanol; l-1; production
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        item: #4094 of 7527
          id: cet-2567
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 55castellanos.docx
        date: 2018-05-08
       words: 3860
      flesch: 47
     summary: Table 1: Details of TGA, DTG, DRX and FT-IR characterization of BC films under different drying processes BC Sample Tonset (°C) Main DTG peak temp. A simple visual observation does not provide information about the crosslink forming the film, but probably the reduced volume of oven dried BC is related to the collapse of the polymer chains that form the structural network of the membrane.
    keywords: cellulose; drying; films; freeze; oven; process; properties; samples
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        item: #4095 of 7527
          id: cet-2568
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 55castellanos.docx
        date: 2018-05-08
       words: 3852
      flesch: 52
     summary: The observed shift of gas fermentation end product is likely linked to the increase of substrate gas partial pressure, which was also found by Schmidt and Cooney (1986). A known bottleneck in gas fermentation is gas-liquid mass transfer of low soluble gas components like H2 and CO.
    keywords: bar; co2; concentration; fermentation; formate; gas; l-1; liquid; pressure; process
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        item: #4096 of 7527
          id: cet-2569
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 55castellanos.docx
        date: 2018-05-08
       words: 3066
      flesch: 49
     summary: Nocoes Gerais De Tratamento E Disposicao Final De Lodos De Estacoes De Tratamento De Agua. Different tests have been carried out with natural plant extracts, including species such as Moringa oleifera, Aloe vera, Melocactus sp, Opuntia sp and other plants, demonstrating that they are efficient in the removal of turbidity and color of natural water.
    keywords: color; melocactus; results; tests; turbidity; water
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        item: #4097 of 7527
          id: cet-257
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-257
        date: 2017-10-04
       words: 2566
      flesch: 51
     summary: Water consumption of production process; WFpro,en: Water footprint of integrated energy consumption ; WFrec: water footprint of recycling. It assesses the sustainability of industrial products by combining with water scarcity index and water footprint at the regional level. 1.
    keywords: china; footprint; level; process; production; resources; scarcity; sustainability; water
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        item: #4098 of 7527
          id: cet-2570
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 55castellanos.docx
        date: 2018-05-08
       words: 3049
      flesch: 38
     summary: Gopi D., Indira J., Kavitha L., 2012, A comparative study on the direct and pulsed current electrodeposition of hydroxyapatite coatings on surgical grade stainless steel, Surface and Coatings Technology, 206, 2859- 2869, DOI: 10.1016/j.surfcoat.2011.12.011 He D. H., Wang P., Liu P., Liu X. K., Ma F. C., Zhao J., 2016, HA coating fabricated by electrochemical deposition on modified Ti6Al4V alloy, Surface and Coatings Technology, 301, 6–12. The results indicate that HAP crystals were successfully fabricated by pulsed electrodeposition.
    keywords: coating; current; electrodeposition; figure; hap; line; mwcnt; potential; ti6al4v
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        item: #4099 of 7527
          id: cet-2571
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 55castellanos.docx
        date: 2018-05-08
       words: 2915
      flesch: 41
     summary: Anaerobic digestion is an appealing technology for the organic effluents valorisation as it adds value by providing biogas/methane, a local renewable energy source, several bioactive compounds for further industrial applications and nutrient-rich streams for local landscape proposals. DOI: 10.3303/CET1864029 Please cite this article as: Neves A., Silva T., Reis A., Ramalho L., Eusebio A., Marques I.P., 2018, Anaerobic digestion of pre-treated microalgae biomass, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 64, 169-174 DOI: 10.3303/CET1864029 169 2.
    keywords: anaerobic; biomass; cell; control; digestion; methane; microalgae; pre; production; treatment
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        item: #4100 of 7527
          id: cet-2572
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 55castellanos.docx
        date: 2018-05-08
       words: 3657
      flesch: 51
     summary: In addition in the nanoparticles activity MSNAPTES KA was able to inhibit 66.28 ± 1.55% of this enzyme, showing that the activity presented by KA was preserved after KA loading. In relation to acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibition test, used to screen drugs active to treat Alzheimer’s disease patients, MSNAPTES KA nanoparticles showed to be as efficient as the free-acid.
    keywords: acid; activity; analysis; inhibition; kojic; mesoporous; msnaptes; nanoparticles; potential; samples; silica
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        item: #4101 of 7527
          id: cet-2573
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 55castellanos.docx
        date: 2018-05-08
       words: 2898
      flesch: 52
     summary: Separated kefiran and scaffolds were analyzed via DSC and different thermal properties between purified kefiran and scaffold were revealed. The aim of this work is to develop and optimize a separation protocol of kefiran and to characterize kefiran scaffolds produced via Thermally Induced Phase Separation (TIPS) in order to evaluate their potential application in biomedical field.
    keywords: figure; kefiran; medium; polymer; scaffold
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        item: #4102 of 7527
          id: cet-2574
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 55castellanos.docx
        date: 2018-05-08
       words: 4058
      flesch: 51
     summary: The return to conditions of acidic pH (2.9 and 4.6) restores the release for the successive period of days, while the further pulse to pH 7.4 reproduces the burst in drug release. A further remote stimulus based on alternating magnetic fields (AMF) on hydrogels containing embedded magnetic nanoparticles (CoFe2O4) allows a greater release rate of insulin and paroxetine for several pulses at physiological pH. 1.
    keywords: amf; casolaro; drug; hydrogel; insulin; release; solution
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        item: #4103 of 7527
          id: cet-2575
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 55castellanos.docx
        date: 2018-05-08
       words: 3059
      flesch: 44
     summary: As a result of this energy 194 level we had an appropriate contrast for the reconstruction of polymer scaffolds highlighting the dimension and distribution of nHA particles. By exploiting the advantages of this methodology, we investigated the three-dimensional internal structure of composite scaffolds (PLLA-HA) produced via Thermally Induced Phase Separation (TIPS), verifying how similar the structure attained is to natural bone.
    keywords: analysis; bone; distribution; particles; plla; scaffolds; size
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        item: #4104 of 7527
          id: cet-2576
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 55castellanos.docx
        date: 2018-05-08
       words: 2728
      flesch: 45
     summary: Exercise fatigue quiet group do not exercise and lead a normal life in the cage; exercise fatigue exercise group perform four weeks of active recovery exercise, and the exercise time increases from 10min to 20min gradually, the minimum intensity is controlled at 15m/min and the maximum intensity is controlled at 18m/min. Exercise every other day, and all trainings are at 4: 00 - 6: 00 pm, with a slope of zero. There is a significant difference in exercise fatigue exercise group (P < 0.05), which increases by 15.13%.
    keywords: activity; ca2; exercise; fatigue; group; rats
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        item: #4105 of 7527
          id: cet-2577
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 55castellanos.docx
        date: 2018-05-08
       words: 3353
      flesch: 49
     summary: However, Dong et al., 2007 mistakenly included Eleusine indica, Nasturtium officinale, Ludwigia prostrata, Cuscuta japonica, Prunella vulgaris, and other plants in the list of alien invasive plants. Jiang et al., (2009) declared the number of alien invasive plants in the suburbs of Xuchang to be 46; Zhang et al., (2010) described nine newly-confirmed alien invasive plants.
    keywords: alien; county; distribution; henan; henan province; invasive; plants; province; species
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        item: #4106 of 7527
          id: cet-2578
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 55castellanos.docx
        date: 2018-05-08
       words: 3677
      flesch: 55
     summary: Table 3: Measurements, in millimeters, of the inhibition halos caused by the crude ethanolic (EE) and hexanic S. latifolia extract, 24 and 48 hours after incubation Extract / concentration Bacteria Yeast S. aureus S. mutans E. coli C. albicans EE 3.3 Biological assay of extracts of S. latifolia root bark The crude ethanolic and hexanic extracts of the S. latifolia root bark showed growth inhibition for the gram positive S. aureus and S. mutans strains, being active for the ethanolic extract (EE) and very active for the hexanic extract), The latter having the best response to the 20 mg L-1 concentration.
    keywords: + +; activity; bark; crude; ethanolic; extracts; latifolia; root; test
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        item: #4107 of 7527
          id: cet-2579
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 55castellanos.docx
        date: 2018-05-08
       words: 3913
      flesch: 56
     summary: The kinematic viscosity of C. argyrosperma seed oil was determined according to the instruction manual of the equipment. 2.2 Oil analysis by GC-FID An aliquot (10 mg) of C. argyrosperma oil was transferred to a 2 mL cryotube, which contained 100 μL of a mixture made of ethanol (95%) and KOH 1 mol L-1 (5%).
    keywords: acid; argyrosperma; bacteria; brazil; cucurbita; fatty; federal; health; oil; seeds; viscosity
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        item: #4108 of 7527
          id: cet-258
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-258
        date: 2017-10-04
       words: 3645
      flesch: 51
     summary: Many work done using palm kernel shell activated carbon (PKS-AC) as adsorbent for gas adsorption but in different field like gas storage. 3.2 Single gas adsorption in breakthrough study 3.2.1 Breakthrough time of single gas adsorption The result for the adsorption isotherm breakthrough time of acidic and alkaline gases was presented in Table 3. PKAC-KOH-FeCI3 recorded 51 s, 100 s and 6.33 s breakthrough time for the SO2, NH3 and O2 adsorption respectively.
    keywords: adsorption; breakthrough; carbon; feci3; gas; koh; nh3; palm; pkac; saturation; so2; time
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        item: #4109 of 7527
          id: cet-2580
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 55castellanos.docx
        date: 2018-05-08
       words: 3285
      flesch: 42
     summary: Feasibility studies of eco-friendly processes able to convert tomato processing waste in lactic acid are considered, evaluating the actual amount, reuse or disposal in waste dumps or soil of the tomato pomace. The benefits of the correct management of tomato processing waste is considered, evaluating the possible economic revenue resulting from the proposed system.
    keywords: acid; campania; industries; plant; processing; production; residues; tomato; waste
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        item: #4110 of 7527
          id: cet-2581
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 55castellanos.docx
        date: 2018-05-08
       words: 2875
      flesch: 58
     summary: Vitamin E reaches the tissues through LDL cholesterol, because of its strong receptor affinity (Craft, 2016; Kaempf and Linderkamp, 1998) and one of the major functions of vitamin E in the human body is its antioxidant capacity, as it protects cells from free radicals (Azzi et al., 2016; Järvinen and Erkkilä, 2016; Kaempf and Linderkamp, 1998). Amazonian fruits may present α-tocopherol in its lipid composition, which is one of the most bioactive isomers of vitamin E, for this reason.
    keywords: açaí; brava; ch3; fruits; murici; pulp; red; tocopherol; vitamin; yellow
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        item: #4111 of 7527
          id: cet-2582
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 55castellanos.docx
        date: 2018-05-08
       words: 4178
      flesch: 60
     summary: Calculi of percent amounts of ω3 (18:3), ω6 (18:2) and ω9 (18:1) of fatty acids, in Amazon fruits oils, were obtained based on characteristic NMR signals found in the 1H NMR spectra and named A, B, C and D (Figure 1) according to methodology proposed by Garcia (2006). This diet focuses on the abundant consumption of some fruits and vegetables along with use of olive oil as the main source of lipids.
    keywords: acids; fats; fruits; index; nmr; oils; oleic; red
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        item: #4112 of 7527
          id: cet-2583
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 55castellanos.docx
        date: 2018-05-08
       words: 4564
      flesch: 56
     summary: 3.6 Evaluation of antimicrobial potential The biological activity of P. foetida leaf extract against pathogenic microorganisms is shown below (Table 2). In order to evaluate the ability of the constituents of P. foetida hexane extract to capture free radicals, solutions of this extract with DPPH were analyzed.
    keywords: activity; antioxidant; concentration; et al; extract; foetida; inhibition; ml-1; passiflora
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        item: #4113 of 7527
          id: cet-2584
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 55castellanos.docx
        date: 2018-05-08
       words: 3697
      flesch: 42
     summary: An alternative used in the petrochemical industry to mitigate this type of damage is the use of corrosion inhibitors, which are added in high concentrations (Ramezanzabeh et al., DOI: 10.3303/CET1864042 Please cite this article as: Merchan Arenas D.R., Sanabria-Cala J.A., Cortes Castillo E.L., Camacho Laguado D.P., Vesga G., Peña Ballesteros D.Y., Kouznetsov V., 2018, Electrochemical evaluation of the corrosion rate inhibition capacity of eugenol, o-eugenol and diphenol, on aisi 1020 steel exposed to 1m hcl medium, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 64, 247-252 DOI: 10.3303/CET1864042 247 2015). Joseph A., Ramya K., Anupama K., 2015, Adsorption and electrochemical studies of Pimenta dioica leaf extracts as corrosion inhibitor for mild steel in hydrochloric acid, Mater.
    keywords: aisi; corrosion; diphenol; eugenol; hcl; inhibitor; rate; steel; surface
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        item: #4114 of 7527
          id: cet-2585
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 55castellanos.docx
        date: 2018-05-08
       words: 4084
      flesch: 52
     summary: Although there is a wide variety of data on antioxidant activity and anaticancer activity in other Croton species, knowledge about C. argyrophyllus anticancer activity is non-existent. Table 1: Evaluation of antioxidant activity EOCA against free radical (DPPH) BHT (µg/mL)
    keywords: activity; anticancer; antioxidant; croton; eoca; evaluation; tumor
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        item: #4115 of 7527
          id: cet-2586
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 55castellanos.docx
        date: 2018-05-08
       words: 3902
      flesch: 51
     summary: The study has focused on two major questions which form the structure of this manuscript: i) which is the best concentration of L-Alanine DS that achieves the highest water flux with the lowest reverse solute diffusion through the TFC aquaporin protein membrane and ii) whether the concertation of fumaric acid solution produced by microbial fermentation process can be achieved via FO. The concentration of fumaric acid solution produced by fermentation process with 0.085 g/mL L-Alanine DS via FO process is performed and illustrates a good results (26.00 % in 32 ℃ and 19.80 % in 17 ℃), suggesting the applicability of FO process for concentration the downstream of fermentation processes.
    keywords: acid; alanine; concentration; membrane; process; water
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        item: #4116 of 7527
          id: cet-2587
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 55castellanos.docx
        date: 2018-05-08
       words: 2966
      flesch: 42
     summary: Table 1: Similarity index of tea samples originated from different area Sample number cos(θ) ρr Yor 1 0.994 0.991 1 2 0.993 0.989 1 3 0.995 0.982 1 4 0.983 0.983 1 5 0.996 0.997 1 6 0.992 1 1 7 0.990 0.993 1 8 0.982 0.972 1 9 0.991 0.983 1 10 0.993 0.980 1 11 0.990 0.980 1 12 0.990 0.995 1 13 0.994 0.988 1 14 0.997 0.991 1 15 0.987 0.986 1 16 0.962 0.967 1 17 0.789 0.802 0.68 18 0.817 0.885 0.63 The results are shown in Table 3. 268 Table 3 Similarity index of tea samples originated from different area Compound Added (μg/L) Recovery (%) RSD (%) β-Amanitin 400 69.4 11.6 800 75.2 14.2 α-Amanitin 400 78.7 7.8 800 82.1 7.1 Phalloidin 400 73.5 10.4 800 80.8 8.5
    keywords: chromatogram; fingerprint; identification; leaves; method; peak; rate; tea; toxins
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        item: #4117 of 7527
          id: cet-2588
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 55castellanos.docx
        date: 2018-05-08
       words: 4014
      flesch: 52
     summary: Therefore, the chemical characterization and biological activities tests of essential oils showed promising results in the search for new active substances and the development of bioproducts of vegetable origin. DOI: 10.3303/CET1864046 Please cite this article as: Pereira Almeida S., Melo Filho A.A., Simplicio F.G., Martins R.G.R., Takahashi J.A., Ferraz V.P., Goncalves Reis De Melo A.C., Tadei W.P., 2018, Chemical profile, toxicity, anti-acetylcholinesterase and anti-microbial activity of essential oil from hyptis dilatata leaves, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 64, 271-276 DOI: 10.3303/CET1864046 271
    keywords: activity; afternoon; chemical; constituents; dilatata; leaves; morning; night; oil; oils; period
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        item: #4118 of 7527
          id: cet-2589
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 55castellanos.docx
        date: 2018-05-08
       words: 3838
      flesch: 52
     summary: Simões L.D.S., 2014, Extração e caracterização de oleorresina de Capsicum obtida a partir de pimentas malagueta (Capsicum frutescens) Fontoura C.C., Santos G.R., Bastos dos A., Luísa Marillac R.L.de, Lopes N.C., Aragão F.B.A., 2017, Atividade antimicrobiana de extratos de plantas nativas do Brasil: artigo de revisão, Braz.
    keywords: activity; atcc; aureus; bacteria; capsicum; extracts; gram; inhibition; species; spp
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        item: #4119 of 7527
          id: cet-259
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-259
        date: 2017-10-04
       words: 3103
      flesch: 44
     summary: The results reveal that coconut shell is a viable and sustainable material for synthesizing of the adsorbents for methane adsorption. Thus, there is an increase in demand for readily available adsorbent, less expensive for methane adsorption, particularly if the substrate is derived from waste materials.
    keywords: adsorbent; adsorption; carbon; ch4; coconut; methane; models; order; waste
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        item: #4120 of 7527
          id: cet-2590
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 55castellanos.docx
        date: 2018-05-08
       words: 4339
      flesch: 60
     summary: Table 1: Profile of fatty acids in abiu seed oil. The objective of this work is to analyze the oil of the Pouteria caimito seeds in relation to the presence of DOI: 10.3303/CET1864048 Please cite this article as: Melo Filho A.A., Da Costa A.M., Montero Fernandez I., Carvalho Dos Santos R., Alves Chagas E., Cardoso Chagas P., Takahashi J.A., Ferraz V.P., 2018, Fatty acids, physical-chemical properties, mineral and anti-acetylcholinesterase of abiu seed oil, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 64, 283-288 DOI: 10.3303/CET1864048 283 minerals by ICP-OES, fatty acid profile by GC-FID, physical-chemical properties by 1H NMR, total phenolic compounds and bioactivity on acetylcholinesterase.
    keywords: abiu; acetylcholinesterase; acid; boa; brazil; chemical; g-1; minerals; oil; oleic; properties; seed; value
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        item: #4121 of 7527
          id: cet-2591
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 55castellanos.docx
        date: 2018-05-08
       words: 3822
      flesch: 51
     summary: 2.4 Cytotoxic activity on Artemia salina extracts from A. hypoglauca This test aims to analyze the possible antitumor potential of A. hypoglauca extract, is low cost and relatively simple. Inhibitions on gram- negative bacteria varied from 26.1% to 42.4% in ethanolic extract and 10.7% to 18.6% in hexanic extract for E. coli; as inhibition of S. typhimurium occurred from 9.3% to 61.1% in ethanolic extract and from 9.1% to 41.2% in hexane extract.
    keywords: activity; antioxidant; ethanolic; extract; hexane; hypoglauca; inhibition; ml-1; μg ml-1
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        item: #4122 of 7527
          id: cet-2592
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 55castellanos.docx
        date: 2018-05-08
       words: 3460
      flesch: 41
     summary: Therefore, through the use of this methodology of work, it was possible to screen a large number of fungi and find, in a short time, and without expense of organic solvents, a fungal species with potential biotechnological application, whose metabolites had not been investigated for AChE inhibition and total antioxidant activity so far. 2. Materials and methods 2.1 Materials The reagents used for analysis of total antioxidant activity were: sulphuric acid (Química Moderna, São Paulo, Brasil), ammonium molybdate (Labsynth, Diadema, Brazil), sodium phosphate dibasic (Labsynth, Diadema, Brazil) L-Ascorbic acid (Neon, São Paulo, Brazil), and for analysis of AChE inhibition were used albumin bovin serum (Sigma, St. Louis, USA); 5,5'-dithiobis (2-nitro-benzoic acid) (DTNB) (Sigma, St. Louis, USA); TRIS/HCl acetylthiocholine iodide (ATCI) (Sigma, St. Louis, USA); acetylcholinesterase from electric eel, type V-S (Sigma, St. Louis, USA) and eserine (Sigma, St. Louis, USA).
    keywords: ache; activity; antioxidant; broth; fungal; fungi; inhibition; lixii; metabolites; total
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        item: #4123 of 7527
          id: cet-2593
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 55castellanos.docx
        date: 2018-05-08
       words: 3445
      flesch: 56
     summary: 7 % of acetyl eugenol and 7.5 % of β-caryophyllene (Merchan et al., 2009). It could be attributed to the action mechanism in the zebrafish is different than mosquito larvae and functional groups have another kind of interaction with macromolecules (Jeon et al., 2009).
    keywords: biophenols; carvacrol; effects; eugenol; hpf; lc50; mgl-1; thymol; zebrafish
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        item: #4124 of 7527
          id: cet-2594
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 55castellanos.docx
        date: 2018-05-08
       words: 2304
      flesch: 45
     summary: 309 Figure 3: Raman spectrum for synthetized calcium phosphate at pH values of 4, 5 and 6, for 48 h. Figure 4: Raman spectrum for synthetized calcium phosphate at pH values of 6, 8 and 10, for 96 h. Figure 5 shows scanning electron micrographs of nanosized calcium phosphate particles synthetized at pH between 4 and 10. (b) Figure 2: FTIR spectra of synthetized calcium phosphate at (a) pH values of 4, 5 and 6 and (b) pH values of 6, 8 and 10.
    keywords: calcium; cm-1; hydroxyapatite; phosphate; values
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        item: #4125 of 7527
          id: cet-2595
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 55castellanos.docx
        date: 2018-05-08
       words: 3223
      flesch: 53
     summary: Under different treatments, the upper and lower limits of irrigation were preset in the four main periods of muskmelon growth. (2) Dry-and-wet weights, root-to-stem length ratio, and root-to-shoot ratio These values could be obtained with seedlings in the various stages of muskmelon growth.
    keywords: greenhouse; growth; irrigation; muskmelon; plant; stage; stem; treatments; water
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        item: #4126 of 7527
          id: cet-2596
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 55castellanos.docx
        date: 2018-05-08
       words: 3490
      flesch: 50
     summary: It is concluded that the proper HPEF conditions can promote the extraction rate and antioxidant activity of tea polysaccharides in ripe Pu’er tea. In view of the above, this paper adopts the HPEF to extract tea polysaccharides from ripe Pu’er tea and examines the effect of different HPEFs on the extraction rate and antioxidant activity of the tea polysaccharides.
    keywords: activity; antioxidant; effect; frequency; hpef; scavenging; scavenging effect; tea; tea polysaccharides; voltage
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        item: #4127 of 7527
          id: cet-2597
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 55castellanos.docx
        date: 2018-05-08
       words: 3689
      flesch: 53
     summary: 3.4 Mineral analysis by ICP-OES ICP-OES analysis of camu camu seed oil identified the presence of the following elements in camu camu oil: K, Na, P, Si (> 100 ppm); Mg, S (10 a 100 ppm) and Ti (< 100 ppm). The antioxidant activity, through the DPPH method, shows that camu camu oil has a high antioxidant percentage (IC50 = 114.72 μg mL -1).
    keywords: acid; analysis; antioxidant; brazil; camu camu; camu oil; camu seed; chemical; fatty; nmr; oil; ppm; seed
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        item: #4128 of 7527
          id: cet-2598
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 55castellanos.docx
        date: 2018-05-08
       words: 3079
      flesch: 50
     summary: Contribución energética de la digestión anaerobia al proceso de producción de biodiesel a partir de microalgas. The objective of this work is to evaluate the effect of temperature and enzyme concentration in the production of biodiesel from synthetic oil from Chlorella sp.
    keywords: biodiesel; concentration; enzyme; methyl; microalgae; oil; production; temperature; transesterification
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        item: #4129 of 7527
          id: cet-2599
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 55castellanos.docx
        date: 2018-05-08
       words: 3350
      flesch: 37
     summary: The result indicates that phase of hydrogen production has the function of increasing the output of methane in subsequent methanogenesis phase comparing with single- phase anaerobic fermentation. In the latest research on the technology, when the fermented liquid of methane phase recycles to hydrogen production phase, appropriate pH value can be maintained without extra alkali addition (Cavinato et al., 2011).
    keywords: anaerobic; anaerobic fermentation; energy; fermentation; hydrogen; methane; methanogenesis; phase; phase anaerobic; process; production; substrate
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        item: #4130 of 7527
          id: cet-260
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-260
        date: 2017-10-04
       words: 3445
      flesch: 44
     summary: Plenty of cancellations for renewable energy projects have been reported in recent news globally. Finally, The Hindu (2016) reported the cancellation of renewable energy projects as well in many provinces of India, due to land availability, poor site access, and availability of transmission lines.
    keywords: characteristics; decision; disaster; energy; potential; project; region; site; wind
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        item: #4131 of 7527
          id: cet-2600
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 55castellanos.docx
        date: 2018-05-08
       words: 3599
      flesch: 46
     summary: Due to similarities in the molecular weight of C. palmioleophila protein bands and the reported lipases of 60, 62 and 64 KDa from C. rugosa (Benjamin and Pandey 2001), the 62 KDa lipase from C. cylindracea (Shaw et al. 1989), the 60 KDa lipase from C. parapsilosis (Toth et al. 2017) and the 33 KDa lipase from C. antarctica (Høegh et al. 1995; Rotticci-Mulder et al. 2001), as well as the presence of these bands only when C. palmioleophila was exposed to oil, we can speculate that the 63 and 28 KDa protein bands could correspond to lipases involved in palm and sunflower hydrolysis. As can be observed in figure 2, C. palmioleophila protein profiles were complex and contained up to 32 different bands, containing proteins ranging from 25 to 154 KDa while cultured in media containing palm or sunflower oil.
    keywords: ammonium; candida; carbon; growth; oil; palmioleophila; protein; sulfate; sunflower
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        item: #4132 of 7527
          id: cet-2601
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 55castellanos.docx
        date: 2018-05-08
       words: 3332
      flesch: 48
     summary: 3. Results and discussion 3.1 Detection of lipase genes in C. palmioleophila As shown in figure 1, the use of PCR primers flanking the oxyanion hole and active-site regions of putative lipase genes allowed to detect lipase gene sequences in all eight C. palmioleophila native strains. DNA fingerprints obtained by LSSP-PCR revealed differences in the sequences of C. palmioleophila lipase genes, which allowed to group the strains according to their degrading activity.
    keywords: albicans; genes; lipase; oil; palmioleophila; pcr; primer; strains
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        item: #4133 of 7527
          id: cet-2602
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 55castellanos.docx
        date: 2018-05-08
       words: 3137
      flesch: 35
     summary: In Colombia, coffee fermentation is carried out mostly using waterless systems (dry fermentation) in open tanks of various materials. Thus, since only a small proportion of the microorganisms involved in the fermentation is cultivable, it becomes necessary to use more informative techniques to describe in a greater detail these important aspects of coffee fermentation.
    keywords: abundance; coffee; fermentation; genes; hour; metabolism; mucilage; sequences; temperature
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        item: #4134 of 7527
          id: cet-2603
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 55castellanos.docx
        date: 2018-05-29
       words: 3307
      flesch: 49
     summary: DOI: 10.3303/CET1864061 Please cite this article as: Malagon-Romero D., Clavijo D., Moreno D., 2018, Production of chitosan microcarriers using electrospray equipment, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 64, 361-366 DOI: 10.3303/CET1864061 361 On the other hand, from 2 g of microcarriers it is possible to cover an area near to 2 m2, which is equivalent to the surface area of human body (Lafrance and Armstrong, 1999). In this way, Chen et al. (2006) produced chitosan microcarriers with diameter in the range 100-200 μm for murine and human fibroblasts cultures.
    keywords: cells; chitosan; concentration; diameter; et al; microcarriers; solution
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        item: #4135 of 7527
          id: cet-2604
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 55castellanos.docx
        date: 2018-05-08
       words: 4166
      flesch: 57
     summary: Table 2: Total phenols anthocyanins recovered from different grape skin powders. 3.84 ± 0.23 b ETE 72 % - 1:24 27.91 ± 0.01 b 4.27 ± 0.09 b Croatina DE - 1:7 12.94 ± 1.36 f 2.73 ± 0.37 c ETE 17 % - 1:7 20.19 ± 1.26
    keywords: antioxidant; content; extraction; grape; gsp; sgm; solvent; total
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        item: #4136 of 7527
          id: cet-2605
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 55castellanos.docx
        date: 2018-05-08
       words: 3062
      flesch: 50
     summary: Currently the amino acid sequence and the molecular structure of broccoli myrosinase are unknown. Our results will allow further studies about molecular mechanisms of broccoli myrosinase.
    keywords: binding; broccoli; glucosinolates; hydrolysis; interaction; model; myrosinase; nag; site
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        item: #4137 of 7527
          id: cet-2606
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 55castellanos.docx
        date: 2018-05-08
       words: 3567
      flesch: 51
     summary: To separate residual solids from cheese production process, a preliminarily filtration with a nylon fabric filter was adopted. Introduction The dairy industry by-products are constituted by cheese whey, “scotta” (the liquid residue of the production of ricotta cheese from whey) and buttermilk.
    keywords: cheese; concentration; fermentation; lactose; pha; process; production; proteins; valorisation; whey
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        item: #4138 of 7527
          id: cet-2607
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 93balieiro-FINAL.docx
        date: 2018-06-07
       words: 4049
      flesch: 50
     summary: The highest consumption of initial TAGs, free fatty acids and triolein (the major TAG of olive oil) were achieved at 29 °C and molar ratio (MR) of 2:1 at 24 h reaction time. Reaction media consisted of 3.0 g of extra virgin olive oil and caprylic (C8:0) or capric acid (C10:0) in amounts dictated by the experimental design corresponding to different molar ratios (MR) of free fatty acid to olive oil.
    keywords: acid; acidolysis; c10:0; fatty; immobilized; oil; olive; production; tags
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        item: #4139 of 7527
          id: cet-2608
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 55castellanos.docx
        date: 2018-05-08
       words: 3799
      flesch: 40
     summary: Fe° supplementation to AD IET interactions, in its broadest sense, can serve to understand the interaction of different metal particles or metal oxides with the biological system, particularly serving as electron sink for heterotrophic metabolisms or as electron supply for autotrophic pathways. According to Thauer et al. (2008), the presence of cytochromes in methanogens is almost limited to the Methanosarcinales (i.e. Methanosarcina, Methanosaeta and Methanolobus) and the reduction of CO2 with H2 (i.e.hydrogenotrophic pathway), proceeds differently for each case.
    keywords: anaerobic; doi; electron; energy; transfer
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        item: #4140 of 7527
          id: cet-2609
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 55castellanos.docx
        date: 2018-05-08
       words: 2614
      flesch: 45
     summary: Microbial fuel cell, Exo-electrogenic bacteria, Nitrifying bacteria, Denitrifying bacteria, Next generation sequencing 1. This study aimed to provide useful information about the possibility DOI: 10.3303/CET1864067 Please cite this article as: Sawasdee V., Pisutpaisal N., 2018, Microbial community from tannery wastewater in microbial fuel cell, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 64, 397-402 DOI: 10.3303/CET1864067 397 of simultaneous nitrogen treatment and electricity generation in MFCs with respect to microbial diversity, using a pyrosequencing technique (Next Generation Sequencing, or NGS) in the MFCs fed with tannery wastewater.
    keywords: bacteria; electricity; exo; fuel; generation; mfcs; tannery; wastewater
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        item: #4141 of 7527
          id: cet-261
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-261
        date: 2017-10-04
       words: 4027
      flesch: 23
     summary: The authors propose here to adopt the MS2G paradigm (Modeling, Interoperable Simulation and Serious Game) that allows to combine different models by adopting simulation interoperability standards and to guarantee the MMI (Main Machine Interface) through the Serious Game approach. Currently the authors are planning to combine different models addressing the different elements to be simulated as proposed in Figure 1.
    keywords: approach; bruzzone; emissions; environment; et al; modelling; models; plant; power; simulation
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        item: #4142 of 7527
          id: cet-2611
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 55castellanos.docx
        date: 2018-05-08
       words: 3582
      flesch: 48
     summary: Operating conditions and column specifications of reactive and non-reactive distillation columns are optimized to maximize lactic acid production rate. DOI: 10.3303/CET1864069 Please cite this article as: Daengpradab B., Rattanaphanee P., 2018, Conceptual design and scale up of lactic acid production from fermentation-derived magnesium lactate, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 64, 409-414 DOI: 10.3303/CET1864069 409 2.
    keywords: acid; column; distillation; ethyl; lactate; magnesium; process; production; rate
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        item: #4143 of 7527
          id: cet-2612
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 55castellanos.docx
        date: 2018-05-08
       words: 3590
      flesch: 48
     summary: On the other hand, part of RGOY nanosystems was used for the conjugation with siRNA. Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) was synthetized by passive adsorption with RGOY nanosystems to form RGOY- PVP nanocomplexes.
    keywords: cells; figure; graphene; nanosystems; pvp; rgoy; sirna
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        item: #4144 of 7527
          id: cet-2613
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 55castellanos.docx
        date: 2018-05-08
       words: 2969
      flesch: 54
     summary: SEM images of membranes a) CS membrane, b) CS+LID membrane, c) CS+PPG0.8% membrane and d) CS+PPG0.8%+LID membrane. Thus, the present study aimed to develop mucoadhesive polymer membranes for topical administration of the anesthetic, lidocaine hydrochloride (LID), for topical use.
    keywords: 2016; chitosan; membranes; ppg; samples; swelling
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        item: #4145 of 7527
          id: cet-2614
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 55castellanos.docx
        date: 2018-05-08
       words: 2524
      flesch: 42
     summary: The systems involved in the LCA of biomass combustion were: agricultural activity, milling, drying, compaction and combustion of biomass as seen in Figure 2. The systems involved in the LCA of biomass combustion 2.2.
    keywords: analysis; biomass; combustion; cycle; energy; lca; life; process
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        item: #4146 of 7527
          id: cet-2615
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 55castellanos.docx
        date: 2018-05-08
       words: 4247
      flesch: 40
     summary: Therefore, considering the serious problems caused by contamination of heavy metals, the possibility of applying biosurfactants as an emerging technology in soil remediation as found in the literature on the potential use of yeast biosurfactants in the removal of heavy metals, the present manuscript had as a main objective to use a biosurfactant with potential of industrial and mainly environmental application through the decontamination of soil coming from a battery industry containing heavy metals. The critical micelle concentration (CMC) was determined by measuring the surface tensions of dilutions of isolated biosurfactant in distilled water up to a constant value of surface tension.
    keywords: biosurfactant; cmc; concentration; metals; removal; sarubbo; soil; solutions; surface; surfactants; tension; water
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        item: #4147 of 7527
          id: cet-2616
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 55castellanos.docx
        date: 2018-05-08
       words: 3501
      flesch: 42
     summary: The mechanism of Pb removal is likely intracellular- or extracellular sequestration. The medium in which tryptone was replaced with CSL performed similarly to the yeast extract-NaCl medium; the 4,5 5 5,5 6 6,5 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 M ea su re d pH Sugar concentration Glc + LB Glc + LB + CaCO3 Xyl + LB Xyl + LB + CaCO3 Before After 442 overall Pb removal after 144 hours was the same for both media (80% removal).
    keywords: broth; experiments; figure; hours; lead; removal; runs; sugar
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        item: #4148 of 7527
          id: cet-2617
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 55castellanos.docx
        date: 2018-05-08
       words: 3788
      flesch: 50
     summary: 2 it was observed that there was a corresponding increase in OD value of the culture with increase in butyric acid concentration in MSM from 1,000 mg/L to 5,000 mg/L. A bacterial strain capable of utilising butyric acid as a sole carbon source was isolated from the pit latrine faecal sludge.
    keywords: acid; aeruginosa; butyric; cell; growth; pit; pseudomonas; strain
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        item: #4149 of 7527
          id: cet-2618
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 55castellanos.docx
        date: 2018-05-08
       words: 3373
      flesch: 42
     summary: The use of these residues allows for the reduction of production costs and minimizes environmental problems, since their use can lower the generation of effluents, such as the use of crude glycerin as a source of carbon, helping to reduce sucrose and produce water at the same time. E. amnigenus exopolysaccharide production was low when grown on pure culture, on the other hand, in the presence of P. aeruginosa, the amount of EPS was of 14.74 gL-1.
    keywords: aeruginosa; amnigenus; bioactive; oil; production; viscosity
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        item: #4150 of 7527
          id: cet-2619
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 55castellanos.docx
        date: 2018-05-08
       words: 3843
      flesch: 54
     summary: 64, 2018 A publication of The Italian Association of Chemical Engineering Online at www.aidic.it/cet Guest Editors: Enrico Bardone, Antonio Marzocchella, Tajalli Keshavarz Copyright © 2018, AIDIC Servizi S.r.l. ISBN 978-88-95608- 56-3; ISSN 2283-9216 Bacterial Cr(VI) Reduction with Internal Carbon Recirculation Using Freshwater Algae as Primary Producers Maria M. Roestorff *, Evans M. N. Chirwa Water Utilization and Environmental Engineering Division, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa maria.roestorff@gmail.com Chromium exits naturally in two oxidation states: hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)) and trivalent chromium (Cr(III)). The different form of the bacteria glucose and bacteria algae curves suggest that different processes are taking place.
    keywords: algae; bacteria; carbon; concentration; cr(iii; cr(vi; reduction
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        item: #4151 of 7527
          id: cet-262
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-262
        date: 2017-10-04
       words: 3559
      flesch: 51
     summary: Material balances: Reflux Drum： 1 T,i 1,iD=V ,X =Y (10) j,i j+1 j+1,i j j j,i j j,i j j,iM =V Y +I RL RX -L X -V Y , j=1 (11) If Zj=1, Then: j,i j+1 j+1,i j j j,i j j-1 j-1,i j j,i j j,iM =V Y +I RL RX +(1-I )L X -L X -V Y , 2≤ j≤N-1 (12)
    keywords: column; dcsr; j j; process; reaction; reactor
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        item: #4152 of 7527
          id: cet-2620
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 55castellanos.docx
        date: 2018-05-08
       words: 4055
      flesch: 48
     summary: In the recently emerging context that aims at integrating waste management with the production of valuable resources, the use of microalgae for N removal from landfill leachate appears particularly fit, by producing biomass that can be destined to various applications. A possible way to avoid or reduce the issues related to direct cultivation in raw leachate could be the integration of microalgae with an innovative, low-energy DOI: 10.3303/CET1864078 Please cite this article as: Barbera E., Sforza E., Canella S., Franceschetti P., Bertucco A., 2018, A combined evaporation and microalgal cultivation approach for efficient treatment of landfill leachate: batch and continuous experiments and process simulation, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 64, 463-468 DOI: 10.3303/CET1864078 463 technology developed by Solwa SrL for leachate treatment, i.e. the WastWa process.
    keywords: concentration; experiments; growth; l-1; leachate; nh3; process; water
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        item: #4153 of 7527
          id: cet-2621
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 55castellanos.docx
        date: 2018-05-08
       words: 3625
      flesch: 51
     summary: These benefits caused by the spraying of Liplant 1/40 v.v., in the foliar turgor of stressed plants together with the nutritional and other benefits of the biostimulant; allowed without doubt to be responsible for the highest values in the production of total biomass of plants sprinkled on plants not sprinkled when there is a presence of soil moisture deficit. Therefore, the main objective of this research was to evaluate the effect of biofertilization with Liplant on the growth, development and water relations of rose plants, exposed to water stress conditions.
    keywords: biomass; conditions; days; leaf; liplant; plants; potential; stress; v.v; water
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        item: #4154 of 7527
          id: cet-2622
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 55castellanos.docx
        date: 2018-05-08
       words: 3094
      flesch: 52
     summary: 3. Results and Discussion 3.1 Flask tests with PP modified medium In order to evaluate the influence of NaHCO3 on S. obliquus growth behavior, three different concentrations of bicarbonate in the PP medium were tested: 50, 75 and 100 mM, all the tests were triplicated. On the basis of the results obtained in the paragraph “Flask tests with PP modified medium”, a 20% RWW in water was used to obtain a final HCO3 - concentration of about 50 mM. Moreover, in order to identify the optimal dilution of the RWW for microalgal growth, other two lower percentages, 10% and 1%, of RWW in water were tested.
    keywords: biomass; concentration; growth; medium; obliquus; rww; wastewater
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        item: #4155 of 7527
          id: cet-2623
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 55castellanos.docx
        date: 2018-05-08
       words: 3441
      flesch: 49
     summary: Then again, for energy production has been research the use of gorse in the production of biogas. Caracterización de invasiones de Ulex europaeus L. de diferentes edades como herramienta para la restauración ecológica de bosques altoandinos, Colombia.
    keywords: biomass; bogotá; energy; gasification; gorse; kwh; potential; power; production; species
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        item: #4156 of 7527
          id: cet-2624
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 55castellanos.docx
        date: 2018-05-08
       words: 3632
      flesch: 38
     summary: Thus, different strains of microalgae with different degrees of efficiency purify municipal wastewater from cities located at different geographical latitudes, and therefore, studies to assess the effectiveness of strains for wastewater treatment and their ability to accumulate lipids are relevant. The possibility of using municipal wastewater for cultivation of Chlorella vulgaris microalgae was investigated.
    keywords: autumn; c-2; concentration; cultivation; days; microalgae; summer; vulgaris; wastewater
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        item: #4157 of 7527
          id: cet-2625
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 55castellanos.docx
        date: 2018-05-08
       words: 3121
      flesch: 46
     summary: Being isolated from oil-polluted soil, these bacteria could have developed important adaptation skills to colonize this extreme ecological niche, including the capability of producing biosurfactants. DOI: 10.3303/CET1864083 Please cite this article as: Spina F., Spini G., Poli A., Romagnolo A., Zanellati A., Bentivegna N.G., El-Azhari N., Regnier T., Blieux A.L., Echairi A., Prigione V., Puglisi E., Varese G.C., 2018, Screening of anionic biosurfactants production among fungi and bacteria, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 64, 493-498 DOI: 10.3303/CET1864083 493 Biosurfactants have hydrophilic (polar) and hydrophobic (non-polar) groups, helping to weaken the surface tension between water and oil or non-polar solutions.
    keywords: + +; anionic; bacteria; biosurfactants; blue; fungi; pseudomonas
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        item: #4158 of 7527
          id: cet-2626
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 55castellanos.docx
        date: 2018-05-08
       words: 3267
      flesch: 45
     summary: The study is centered on the evaluation of municipal solid waste (MSW), bottled beverage industry waste (BBIW), pig manure (PM) and cocoa industry waste (CIW), under the effect of DOI: 10.3303/CET1864084 Please cite this article as: Rodriguez A., Zuleta J., Garzon A., Avendaño S., Alvarez Y., Cabeza I., Santis A., Acevedo P., 2018, Anaerobic codigestion of pig manure, organic fraction of municipal solid waste, fruit residues of drinks industry and cocoa residues, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 64, 499-504 DOI: 10.3303/CET1864084 499 the agitation in discontinuous reactors and thus to find sources of use of them and as a contribution to the knowledge in subjects of anaerobic co-digestion (Toro et al., 2017). According to the four residues evaluated (pig manure, municipal solid waste, cocoa industry waste and bottled beverage industry waste), it is observed that the mixtures that generated higher methane are those who contain pig manure (PM) and bottled beverage industry waste (BBIW).
    keywords: gsv; industry; methane; mixtures; production; residues; waste
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        item: #4159 of 7527
          id: cet-2627
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 55castellanos.docx
        date: 2018-05-08
       words: 3578
      flesch: 41
     summary: Aniruddha D., Wang Y., 2010, Kinetics of arsenite oxidation by chemoautotrophic Thiomonas arsenivorans strain b6 in a continuous stirred tank reactor, J. Environ. Microbial., 76, 6804-6811 Suttigarn A., Wang Y.T.,2005, Arsenite oxidation by, Alcaligenes faecalis strain O1201, Journal of Environmental Engineering, 31,1293-1301.
    keywords: arsenite; as(iii; as(v; concentration; efficiency; oxidation; oxidizing; south
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        item: #4160 of 7527
          id: cet-2628
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 55castellanos.docx
        date: 2018-05-08
       words: 3533
      flesch: 48
     summary: A biofiltration battery was used to evaluate acetic acid removal efficiency from an air stream through the composting beds. Days 1-11 started with acetic acid concentration of 7.240 ppm; days 12-15 acetic acid concentration was increased to 10,860 ppm; days 16-25 an acetic acid concentration of 14,480 ppm.
    keywords: acid; bed; biofilter; biofiltration; composting; concentration; figure; moisture; pruning; removal
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        item: #4161 of 7527
          id: cet-2629
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 55castellanos.docx
        date: 2018-05-08
       words: 2987
      flesch: 48
     summary: This process has the function of transforming inorganic nutrients present in the medium (NO3, PO4, etc) and CO2 into organic compounds such as proteins, carbohydrates, lipids and other macronutrients through photosynthesis (Gao et al., 2016) which can be used as feed (Michels et al., 2014). Options for the treatment of aquaculture wastewater have been sought over the years.
    keywords: aquaculture; biomass; concentration; experiments; lamps; nitrogen; production; treatment; wastewater
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        item: #4162 of 7527
          id: cet-263
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-263
        date: 2017-10-04
       words: 3693
      flesch: 46
     summary: In this work, MSS of a novel reactive distillation that combines distillation column with side reactors (DCSR) for the production of CA DOI: 10.3303/CET1761210 Please cite this article as: Xu G., Tang J., Chen X., Fei Z., Zhang Z., Qiao X., 2017, Steady state multiplicity of novel reactive distillation combined distillation column with side reactors for the production of cyclohexyl acetate, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 61, 1273-1278 DOI:10.3303/CET1761210 1273 mailto:jhtang@njtech.edu.cn were theoretically studied. However, the design of RD is more complex than its nonreactive counterpart due to the nonlinear behavior of process models and the simultaneous physical and chemical equilibrium, which may cause multiply steady states (MSS) (Yamaki et al., 2012).
    keywords: column; distillation; figure; mss; process; system
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        item: #4163 of 7527
          id: cet-2630
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 55castellanos.docx
        date: 2018-05-08
       words: 3064
      flesch: 49
     summary: Therefore, limited information is available on the use of biological process in coal desulphurization prior to combustion. Coal samples used in the current study were supplied by one of South African Power Utility, Eskom power station as received from the nearby Waterberg coalfield in Limpopo in South Africa.
    keywords: coal; content; day; desulphurization; microbial; process; samples; sulphur
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        item: #4164 of 7527
          id: cet-2631
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 55castellanos.docx
        date: 2018-05-08
       words: 3350
      flesch: 45
     summary: Figure 1: Continuous-flow system laboratory se 2.4 Start-up and operating of biofilm reactor The potential of each isolated culture (Table 1) in tolerating and reducing U(VI) as individual species was evaluated in batch reactors. Treatment of U(VI) containing effluents from these industrial activities requires the reduction of highly mobile and radiotoxic U(VI) to tetravalent U(IV) which readily forms the hydroxide precipitate
    keywords: biofilm; concentration; effluent; reactor; removal; species; total; treatment; u(vi; uranium
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        item: #4165 of 7527
          id: cet-2632
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 55castellanos.docx
        date: 2018-05-08
       words: 2883
      flesch: 52
     summary: These technologies seem to operate relatively well for effluents containing higher metal concentrations ≥ 100 DOI: 10.3303/CET1864090 Please cite this article as: Birungi Z., Chirwa E., 2018, Bioremediation of toxic metals and recovery of target metals from actual wastewater using algal sorbents, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 64, 535-540 DOI: 10.3303/CET1864090 535 Conventional treatment technologies such as sand filtration, GAC adsorption, precipitation-sedimentation, flotation, ion-exchange, and electrochemical deposition systems have been used for decades for the removal of toxic heavy metals wastewater.
    keywords: adsorption; algal; biosorption; industrial; metals; wastewater
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        item: #4166 of 7527
          id: cet-2633
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 55castellanos.docx
        date: 2018-05-08
       words: 3380
      flesch: 45
     summary: The literature has little to offer about oil removal on porous surfaces. Stone washing tests showed 46.02 and 56.18 % removal at 2xCMC and 5xCMC of biosurfactant concentration, respectively, and testing for oil biodegradation showed results around 73.8 % for motor oil biodegradation by indigenous marine bacteria and fungi from the Suape Petrochemical Complex seawater, Pernambuco State, Brazil.
    keywords: biosurfactant; oil; surface
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        item: #4167 of 7527
          id: cet-2634
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 55castellanos.docx
        date: 2018-05-08
       words: 3248
      flesch: 33
     summary: Table 1: Experimental range and levels of independent variables for oil removal efficiency in the pilot scale DAF system with use of the biosurfactant Levels Oily Water Flow (X1)* Microbubble Flow (X2)* Biosurfactant Flow (X3)* Biosurfactant Concentration (X4)** -2.00 2.50 5.00 0.50 0.05 -1.00 5.00 5.50 1.00 0.15 0.00 7.50 6.00 1.50 0.25 1.00 10.00 6.50 2.00 0.35 2.00 12.50 7.00 2.50 0.45 * (L/min); ** (g/L) Figure 1: Three dimensional scheme of pilot scale DAF system. Figure 3 displays the fitted response surface plots for oil removal efficiency shown by Pareto diagram of the statistically significant interactions.
    keywords: biosurfactant; daf; efficiency; flotation; flow; oil; removal; separation; water
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        item: #4168 of 7527
          id: cet-2635
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 55castellanos.docx
        date: 2018-05-08
       words: 3834
      flesch: 42
     summary: A key factor that regulates the success of biosurfactants production is the development of an economical process that uses low cost materials and offers a high yield. The media were autoclaved at 121 °C for 20 min. Fermentations for biosurfactants production were carried out in 1 L Erlenmeyer flasks containing 500 mL of the production media and incubated with 1 % of Candida sphaerica and 5 % of Bacillus cereus from pre- inoculum.
    keywords: biosurfactant; cereus; days; oil; sphaerica
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        item: #4169 of 7527
          id: cet-2636
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 55castellanos.docx
        date: 2018-05-08
       words: 2533
      flesch: 43
     summary: Thus, this study investigated the potential application of a biosurfactant in the separation of residual oil using a prototype of DAF. Thus, this study investigated the potential application of a biosurfactant as an alternative collector in the separation of residual oil using a prototype of the Dissolved Air flotation DAF.
    keywords: biosurfactant; flotation; flow; oil; sarubbo; separation
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        item: #4170 of 7527
          id: cet-2637
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 55castellanos.docx
        date: 2018-05-08
       words: 3513
      flesch: 51
     summary: Sodium Chloride (NaCl) at a concentration of 1.5 g / L was added to cutting oil samples to increase electrical conduction for the EC pretreatment (Khemis et al., 2005).The characteristics of cutting oil emulsion samples are presented in table 1. Spent cutting oil emulsion samples were stored at 4°C in a fridge before further use.
    keywords: anaerobic; cod; coe; emulsion; methane; oil; pretreatment; samples; synthetic; turbidity
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        item: #4171 of 7527
          id: cet-2638
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 55castellanos.docx
        date: 2018-05-08
       words: 3810
      flesch: 47
     summary: Through a bromatological analysis, through Van Soest evaluated crude protein (PB), ethereal abstract, fiber, among others. 2.4 Preparation of nutritional blocks For each stem from San Francisco and Tibaná, two types of blocks (with four replicates each) were elaborated, whose difference lies mainly in the state of raw material with which the blocks were constituted: pseudostem dehydrated – silage. The results showed a reduction of the lignin level, an increase of the protein content up to 30%, as well as a decrease in the percentage of Neutral Detergent Fiber - NDF, converting of pseudostem blocks into a food supplement with great potential of use in the animal feed and with this in an alternative to mitigate the negative impact of the disposal of these residues in the environment.
    keywords: analysis; blocks; chemical; material; process; pseudostem; silage
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        item: #4172 of 7527
          id: cet-2639
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 55castellanos.docx
        date: 2018-05-08
       words: 3786
      flesch: 40
     summary: 3. Conclusions It has been established through experimental studies that the use of the culture fluid filtrate after municipal wastewater treatment with microalgae C. vulgaris IFR C-111 and C. vulgaris Beijer IPPAS C-2 as a source of nitrogen and stimulants allows to increase the concentration of lactic acid bacteria B. coagulans and L. casei 1.5-1.9 times on average; and the concentration of lactic acid in the culture fluid by 15-30 % (wt.) compared to 581 the control samples. On the basis of the experimental data obtained using the equations of Verhulst and Monod- Yerusalimsky, a mathematical model of the process of culturing lactic acid bacteria has been identified, describing the kinetics of growth of lactic acid bacteria, the loss of the carbon-containing substrate and the accumulation of lactic acid.
    keywords: acid; casei; coagulans; cultivation; culture; fluid; vulgaris; wastewater
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        item: #4173 of 7527
          id: cet-264
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 211.docx
        date: 2017-10-04
       words: 3342
      flesch: 58
     summary: A new simulated annealing-based algorithm, which combined the simplex DOI: 10.3303/CET1761211 Please cite this article as: Lu J., Tang J., Chen X., Cui M., Fei Z., Zhang Z., Qiao X., 2017, Global optimization of reactive distillation processes using bat algorithm, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 61, 1279-1284 DOI:10.3303/CET1761211 1279 method of Nelder and Mead, was applied to the MINLP problem. Acknowledgments This work was supported by the Natural Science Foundation of China (21276126, 21676141 and 61673205), National key R&D Program of China (2017YFB0307300), Six Major Talent Peak Project of Jiangsu Province (XCL-017), The Fifth Period Project 333 of Jiangsu Province (BRA2016418) and Prospective Joint Research Project of Jiangsu Province (BY2015005-02) References Cardoso M.F., Salcedo R.L., Azevedo S.F.D., Barbosa D., 2000, Optimization of reactive distillation processes with simulated annealing, Chemical Engineering Science, 55(21), 5059-5078.
    keywords: algorithm; bat; design; distillation; optimization; process; results; search; solution
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        item: #4174 of 7527
          id: cet-2640
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 55castellanos.docx
        date: 2018-05-08
       words: 4178
      flesch: 50
     summary: The purpose of the current study was to determine the impact elevated Pb concentrations has on microbial precipitation in the endeavour of advancing microbial Pb precipitation as a method for Pb bioremediation, recovery, and processing. Table 1: Summary of the results of the control experiment Pb concentration pH
    keywords: broth; concentration; experiments; lead; pb(ii; ppm; precipitate; removal; serum
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        item: #4175 of 7527
          id: cet-2641
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 55castellanos.docx
        date: 2018-05-08
       words: 2981
      flesch: 55
     summary: O3 gas insects mortality confirmation - insects death confirmation per O3 gas concentration and exposure were registered. The aim of this study was to determine the efficacy of O3 gas treatment to eliminate beetles A. diaperinus development both, at adult and larvae stages.
    keywords: adult; application; beetles; control; diaperinus; gas; insects; larvae; ozone; poultry
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        item: #4176 of 7527
          id: cet-2642
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 55castellanos.docx
        date: 2018-05-08
       words: 3541
      flesch: 46
     summary: 64, 2018 A publication of The Italian Association of Chemical Engineering Online at www.aidic.it/cet Guest Editors: Enrico Bardone, Antonio Marzocchella, Tajalli Keshavarz Copyright © 2018, AIDIC Servizi S.r.l. ISBN 978-88-95608-56-3; ISSN 2283-9216 Production in Bioreactor, Toxicity and Stability of a Low-cost Biosurfactant Maria I.S. Pintoa, Beatriz G. Ribeirob,c, Jenyffer M.C. Guerrac, Raquel D. Rufinoa,d, Leonie A. Sarubbo*a,d, Valdemir A. Santos a,d, Juliana M. Lunaa,d,e a Centre of Science and Technology, Catholic University of Pernambuco, Rua do Príncipe, n. 526, Boa Vista, Cep: 50050- 900, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil b Centre of Biosciences, Department of Antibiotics, Federal University of Pernambuco, Av. Prof. Moares do Rego, s/n, Cidade Universitária, CEP: 50670-901, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil c Centre of Technology and Geociences, Department of Chemistry Engineering, Federal University of Pernambuco, Rua Prof. Arthur de Sá, s/n, Cidade Universitária, Recife, CEP: 50740-465 d Advanced Institute of Technology and Innovation (IATI), Rua Carlos Porto Carreiro, n.70, Derby, Zip Code: 500070-090, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil e Centre of Biological Sciences and Health, Catholic University of Pernambuco, Rua do Príncipe, n. 526, Boa Vista, Cep: 50050-900, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil leonie@unicap.br Biosurfactants are natural surfactants produced by bacteria, yeasts or fungi from different substrates, including sugars, oils, and alkanes. Biosurfactants are expected to reach more than USD 2 billion by 2020, with industrial applications in microbial enhanced oil recovery (MEOR), removal of contamination by heavy metals, bioremediation, food, cosmetics, pharmaceuticals and biomedicine.
    keywords: biosurfactant; candida; luna; medium; oil; production; sarubbo; surface; tension
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        item: #4177 of 7527
          id: cet-2643
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 55castellanos.docx
        date: 2018-05-08
       words: 3827
      flesch: 53
     summary: There are a variety of definitions for connectivity, which can be divided into two categories: 1) one referred to the spatial continuity of landscape patches, corridors and matrix (Pelorossoa et al., 2016) which tended to reflect the structure of landscape; 2) the other meaning was the smooth degree of ecological processes between patches (Taylor et al., 1993), which was DOI: 10.3303/CET1864101 Please cite this article as: Yue Zhang , Bo Song , Zaiqiang Liu , Siyu Lei , 2018, Identification of key patches for biodiversity conservation based on possibility of connectivity method, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 64, 601-606 DOI: 10.3303/CET1864101 601 defined from the perspective of landscape functions. Key patches are patches with higher biodiversity value in our study.
    keywords: area; biodiversity; connectivity; ecosystem; land; landscape; method; patches; use; value
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        item: #4178 of 7527
          id: cet-2644
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 55castellanos.docx
        date: 2018-05-08
       words: 2951
      flesch: 40
     summary: When the cherry fruit in the 611 fermentation process, the yeast fermentation, most of the sugar into alcohol; flavonoids, polyphenols, although alcohol-soluble, but because cherry alcohol wine fermentation broth is not very high, and because of its easy oxidation, In the fermentation process its content decreased slowly after one day of fermentation until it remained unchanged; through the experimental results of protein and free amino acids, we can see that some of the protein is decomposed into free amino acids. 64, 2018 A publication of The Italian Association of Chemical Engineering Online at www.aidic.it/cet Guest Editors: Enrico Bardone, Antonio Marzocchella, Tajalli Keshavarz Copyright © 2018, AIDIC Servizi S.r.l. ISBN 978-88-95608- 56-3; ISSN 2283-9216 Study on Changes of Chemical Components and Antioxidant Activity of Cherry Wine during Fermentation Zhiyou Li, Jiashun Wang, Jingwu Zhai College of Agriculture, Anshun University, Anshun 561000, China Sbscdhcd@126.com Using cherry as raw material, the anti-oxidation of cherry wine with different alcoholicity, vitamin C and time was determined and analyzed before and after the fermentation process, and the changes of antioxidant capacity in cherry juice before and after fermentation and during fermentation.
    keywords: alcohol; anti; cherry; content; fermentation; flavonoids; oxidation; polyphenols; scavenging; wine
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        item: #4179 of 7527
          id: cet-2645
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 55castellanos.docx
        date: 2018-05-08
       words: 2848
      flesch: 52
     summary: 4. Test results 4.1 Contrast test after death of concrete biofilm in lower intertidal zone In the sublayer of the intertidal zone, a total of 2 sets of test blocks are made for contrast test. A test is designed to make a comparative analysis on the resistance of marine biofilm to chloride permeability in two cases that the biofilm is active and inactive.
    keywords: biofilm; chloride; concrete; death; doi; intertidal; marine; surface; test
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        item: #4180 of 7527
          id: cet-2646
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 55castellanos.docx
        date: 2018-05-08
       words: 2960
      flesch: 40
     summary: However, the lack of theoretical study on the charge transport path and its mechanism in catalytic hydrogen production badly restricts the hydrogen production efficiency. A nucleophilic CoI midbody interacts with protons to form hydride CoIIIH, namely: CoIII + e-1 → CoII; CoII + e-1 → CoI; CoI + H+ → CoIIIH Subsequently, the path for catalytic hydrogen production is not unique.
    keywords: co1; cobalt; coii; hydrogen; process; production
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        item: #4181 of 7527
          id: cet-2647
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 55castellanos.docx
        date: 2018-05-08
       words: 3701
      flesch: 49
     summary: Active carbon treatment reduced 10 times phenol content and halved sugar content; consequently, the same relative difference in phenol and sugar content was found for initial concentrations in test with pre-treated OMW with respect to untreated OMW (Table 3). An indication of the heterotrophic metabolism was given by the pH measured during cultivation, that was already 11 after 2 days of cultivation for both phototrophic test and test with pre-treated OMW, while remained around 7 for untreated OMW (Figure 3B).
    keywords: concentration; cultivation; growth; microalgae; omw; pre; test
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        item: #4182 of 7527
          id: cet-2648
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 55castellanos.docx
        date: 2018-05-08
       words: 3271
      flesch: 42
     summary: Then, according to the results we selected the SAMs obtained with adipic acid and glycine to test their assembly with Ag nanoparticles. In this work, we evaluate a self- assembled polymer layer with silver nanoparticles as an alternative coating on mild carbon steel for the substitution of the more expensive stainless steel and the traditional disinfection procedures.
    keywords: growth; nanoparticles; nps; self; silver; steel; surface
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        item: #4183 of 7527
          id: cet-2649
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 55castellanos.docx
        date: 2018-05-08
       words: 4074
      flesch: 54
     summary: For the purpose of this study, dextrorotatory (D-) and laevorotatory (L-) isoforms of tryptophan have been chosen and three different concentrations (1 mM, 4 mM, 8 mM) selected to determine whether these concentrations have any effect on dispersion of P. aeruginosa PAO1 biofilm. Following that, combination of two isoforms of one concentration (the most effective one) of tryptophan and antibiotic erythromycin against P. aeruginosa PAO1 biofilm will be performed.
    keywords: aeruginosa; biofilm; doi; m m; treatment; tryptophan
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        item: #4184 of 7527
          id: cet-265
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 211.docx
        date: 2017-10-04
       words: 3543
      flesch: 56
     summary: Zhang et al. (2016) reported the effect of different vortex structures on agglomeration of fine particles by adding vortex generators in the flow field and found that the turbulence energy dissipation rate has an important effect on the DOI: 10.3303/CET1761212 Please cite this article as: Li J., Chen Z., Li Y., 2017, Pbm/les numerical simulation of vortex structure and fine particles agglomeration in three-dimensional plate jet, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 61, 1285-1290 DOI:10.3303/CET1761212 1285 intermolecular collision. The emission of fine particles has caused serious environmental problems due to the characteristics and the low removal efficiency of fine particles.
    keywords: agglomeration; distribution; field; flow; jet; number; particles; size; vortex
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        item: #4185 of 7527
          id: cet-2650
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 55castellanos.docx
        date: 2018-05-08
       words: 2996
      flesch: 43
     summary: In order to assess changes in bone density as an improvement index of the trabecular microarchitecture, Ti6Al4V screws were biofunctionalized by electrospray (Electrostatic Spray Deposition) with TiO2 nanoparticles (TiO2np) or nanoparticles of TiO2 and raloxifene (TiO2np+R). In this case the TiO2np effect over the osteoblastic response is added to the anti-osteoclastic effect of raloxifen, blocking the lysis in the bone common to an inadequate osseointegration of the implant and, therefore, improving bone density.
    keywords: bone; coating; days; femur; implant; raloxifene; screws; tio2np
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        item: #4186 of 7527
          id: cet-2651
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 55castellanos.docx
        date: 2018-05-08
       words: 3203
      flesch: 51
     summary: and for iron reduction of (57,21 ± 4.11 mmol Fe2SO4 / g), followed by the EC50 of abiu bark (521.71 ± 1.34 g / g DPPH) and iron reduction of 411.43 ± 27.12 μmol Fe2SO4 / g ), and for the camu-camu pulp (549.24 ± 21.13 g / g DPPH) and for reduction of iron (235.47 ± 11.44 mmol Araçá pulp 531.22 ± 12.04 31.54 ± 1.10 peel 1321.18 ± 23.83 17.31 ± 2.34 seeds 471.23 ± 21.23 57.21 ± 4.11 Bacuparí pulp 1231.48 ± 12.45 11.17 ± 1.11 peel 2121.72 ± 22.23 7.23 ± 1.1 seeds 1611.32 ± 28.11 9.11 ± 1.1 Biribá pulp 1411.31 ± 11.04 109.23 ± 17.22 peel 1591.31 ± 14.28 92.41 ± 14.31 seeds 1212.15 ± 21.17 217.31 ± 28.11 Camu camu pulp 549.24 ± 21.13 235.47 ± 11.44 seeds 612.34 ± 17.05 147.23 ± 8.32 peel 1231.45 ± 43.76 98.05 ± 15.11 Fruta-do-conde pulp 1711.04 ± 11.04 165.11 ± 21.12 seeds 1511.08 ± 7.31 191.24 ± 17.11 peel 1634.22 ± 21.22 180.12 ± 4.18 Graviola pulp 1517.31 ± 12.34 104.11 ± 17.21 peel 1211.21 ± 4.23 215.12 ± 11.21 seeds 1187.04 ± 12.04 161.11 ± 31.04 Taperebá pulp 1931.24 ± 23.12 18.04 ± 7.11 peel 1811.31 ± 17.05 19.11 ± 3.23 seeds
    keywords: antioxidant; camu; compounds; fruits; iron; peel; pulp; seeds
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        item: #4187 of 7527
          id: cet-2652
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 55castellanos.docx
        date: 2018-05-08
       words: 3000
      flesch: 39
     summary: They were: 9,10-dihydroxy octadecanoic acid (hydroxylated oleic acid), sodium 9,10-dihydroxy octadecanoate (sodium salt of hydroxylated oleic acid), 2,3-dihydroxypropanoyl 9-octadecenoate (oleate of glyceryl), 2,3-dihydroxypropanoyl dodecanoate (glyceryl laurate) and 2,3-dihydroxypropanoyl 9,10-dihydroxy octadecanoate (hydroxylated glyceryl oleate). Figure 3 illustrates the 1 H and 13 C NMR spectrums of sodium salt of hydroxylated oleic acid, which was the substance that showed the highest degree of inhibition.
    keywords: acid; biofilms; dihydroxy; fatty; glyceryl; inhibition; oleic; sodium; substances
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        item: #4188 of 7527
          id: cet-2653
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 55castellanos.docx
        date: 2018-05-08
       words: 3552
      flesch: 52
     summary: 664 Table 2: Cell viability for murine fibroblasts cultured on PCL microcarriers in DMEM. On the other hand, PCL solution concentration affects the diameter, so higher concentrations mean larger diameters.
    keywords: cells; concentration; electrospray; engineering; et al; microcarriers; pcl; solution
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        item: #4189 of 7527
          id: cet-2654
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 55castellanos.docx
        date: 2018-05-08
       words: 4023
      flesch: 45
     summary: Similarly it is possible to individuate from the obtained experimental data, the correspondent value, for every dilution, of growth rate and call it experimental growth rate: µEXP. A common way to measure microbial growth is by specific growth rate, μ, in d-1, describing the biomass growth related to the existing biomass.
    keywords: absorbance; culture; dilution; effects; growth; growth rate; light; media; microalgae; rate
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        item: #4190 of 7527
          id: cet-2655
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 55castellanos.docx
        date: 2018-05-08
       words: 3101
      flesch: 58
     summary: In addition, it is to bear in mind that all the photosynthetic cells are affected by light inhibition effects if light intensity is larger than that they can actually use in photosynthesis (Richmond and Hu, 2013). The system is driven by an Arduino platform that makes it possible to control light intensity as well as light-dark cycles.
    keywords: culture; dark; figure; growth; light; microalgae; order; reactor
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        item: #4191 of 7527
          id: cet-2656
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 55castellanos.docx
        date: 2018-05-08
       words: 3049
      flesch: 47
     summary: The specific role of the different mechanisms involved in nitrogen removal was calculated. The action of algae was surely prevailing for total nitrogen removal, while the removal of ammonia nitrogen was partially due to nitrifying bacteria, producing nitrate and nitrite.
    keywords: biomass; chlorella; microalgae; nitrogen; piggery; production; removal; tss; wastewater
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        item: #4192 of 7527
          id: cet-2657
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 55castellanos.docx
        date: 2018-05-08
       words: 3319
      flesch: 44
     summary: The results showed above confirmed the hypothesis made for a synthetic medium with an inert dye ( ≅ 1), giving also positive response for using wastewaters in addition to growth medium. In order to separate the nutritional/toxic effects (e.g. wastewaters medium) from the energetic ones (e.g. illumination source) on microalgal growth, the irradiance inside the cylindrical photobioreactor was expressed as a function of the radial position I(r).
    keywords: growth; light; medium; model; wastewaters
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        item: #4193 of 7527
          id: cet-2658
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 55castellanos.docx
        date: 2018-05-08
       words: 3208
      flesch: 38
     summary: Measures taken on different reactors were considered as replicates. 2.16 Time of measurements' uptake: Part of the day 5.55*10 8 2 2.77*108 2.29*103 1.40*10-119 3.05 Time of measurements' uptake: Different days 3.03*107 8 3.79*105 31.31 2.88*10-29 1.99 694 Figure 3: Example of normalized light data in function of time for different reactors and axis position during an experiment.
    keywords: concentration; data; factors; growth; light; plant; position; reactors; temperature
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        item: #4194 of 7527
          id: cet-2659
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 001.docx
        date: 2018-07-24
       words: 3265
      flesch: 47
     summary: LSMI feature selection 2.1 Overview Mutual information (MI) refers to the relevance between two random variables, and the decrease in uncertainty of one random variable when the other random variable is given. Therefore, it is meaningful to analyse the key components of SBCCM based on LSMI feature selection.
    keywords: chloride; components; features; magnesia; magnesium; sbccm; selection; slag
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        item: #4195 of 7527
          id: cet-266
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 211.docx
        date: 2017-10-04
       words: 3263
      flesch: 56
     summary: 2.1 Heterogeneous Nucleation Process There are many studies on the mechanism of fine particles growth in supersaturated water vapor field. As the initial particle concentration increases, the effect of particle growth is more obvious under the given supersaturation environment.
    keywords: flue; gas; growth; growth tube; particles; supersaturation; tube; vapor; water
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        item: #4196 of 7527
          id: cet-2660
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 001.docx
        date: 2018-07-24
       words: 2950
      flesch: 50
     summary: 10 20 30 40 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 co m pr es si ve s tr en gt h/ M P a molybdenum tailings content/ % 3d 7d 28d Figure 2: Effect of molybdenum tailings content on compressive strength of the paste sample 3.2 XRD Analysis of Paste Samples The XRD pattern of the cementitious materials paste sample with 30% molybdenum tailings is shown in Figure 3. 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 7d 28d C P S 2θ/(°) 3d —AFt —C 3 S —Ca(O H ) 2 —SiO 2 Figure 3: XRD patterns of the paste sample of molybdenum tailings cementitious materials Obviously, when molybdenum tailings proportion increases from 10% to 30%, the compressive strength of the paste sample will decrease more or less; while when molybdenum tailings 8 proportion increases from 30% to 40%, the decrease of the compressive strength is much more obviously, which is mainly due to the fact that molybdenum tailings are low-active.
    keywords: gel; hydration; materials; molybdenum; molybdenum tailings; paste; tailings
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        item: #4197 of 7527
          id: cet-2661
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 001.docx
        date: 2018-07-24
       words: 3236
      flesch: 57
     summary: The exchange bias and magnetic relaxation of cobaltite were explored in great details, leading to the discovery of spin glass in cobaltite system. Thus, the magnetic relaxation is another prominent feature of spin glass system (Caiuffo et al., 1999; Yamaura et al., 1999; Saron et al., 2016; Li et al., 2016).
    keywords: aging; cobaltite; glass; relaxation; spin; spin glass; system; temperature
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        item: #4198 of 7527
          id: cet-2662
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 001.docx
        date: 2018-07-24
       words: 3396
      flesch: 55
     summary: Phys. Rev., 5, 3482-3487, DOI: 10.1016/0925-9635(94)05204-2 Habibi, S.M. Mousavi K., 2017, Raman spectroscopy of thin DLC film deposited by plasma electrolysis process, Surface & Coatings Technology, 309, 945–950, DOI: 10.1016/j.surfcoat.2016.10.056 Johnston G.P., Tiwari P., Rej D.J., 1994, Preparation of diamond like carbon films by high-intensity pulsed-ion- beam deposition, Journal of Applied Physics, 76, 5949-5945. We measured the thickness of our film to be approximately 400 nm. Figure 7: Surface morphology of DLC films under different bias 4.4 Formation mechanism of DLC film For the mechanism of DLC film formation using PVD, Robertson J. (Robertson, 2002) proposed the subplantation model.
    keywords: bias; carbon; deposition; dlc; energy; film; raman; sp3; surface; target
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        item: #4199 of 7527
          id: cet-2663
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 001.docx
        date: 2018-07-24
       words: 3659
      flesch: 38
     summary: The impermeability of concrete is 28 decreased by the addition of PP fiber, and the impermeability of concrete is decreased by 20% and 31% respectively by PP concrete and NTPC concrete. The concrete with 1% of TiO2 has the best improving effect on concrete pore structure, but if too much nano-material is incorporated, the pore structure inside the concrete will be worse; suggesting that proper amount of nano-materials can effectively improve the pore structure and pore distribution in concrete.
    keywords: concrete; diameter; materials; nano; pore; pore structure; resistance; strength; structure
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        item: #4200 of 7527
          id: cet-2664
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 001.docx
        date: 2018-07-24
       words: 2610
      flesch: 45
     summary: W e ig h t p e rc e n ta g e /% 400 90 Temperature/¡ æ 5003002001000 100 80 70 60 50 (a) Figure 6: Thermogravimetric curve of nano copper conductive ink 34 S q u a re r e si st a n c e /( m ¦ )̧ Time/min 80 15 20 100 60 40 30 45 60 400¡ æ 350¡ æ Figure 8: Curve of sheet resistance of nano copper conductive ink as a function of sintering time 4.
    keywords: copper; doi; ink; nano; nano copper; particles; sintering
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        item: #4201 of 7527
          id: cet-2665
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 001.docx
        date: 2018-07-24
       words: 2938
      flesch: 42
     summary: Figure 6 shows the volume wear of iron matrix composites with different particle volume fractions, it can be seen that the larger the volume fraction of particles, the greater the volume wear, it’s mainly because with the increase in particle volume fraction, the binding of particles and iron matrix becomes worse, when the volume fraction of particles is 19%, it is equal to the volume wear of high-chromium cast iron, showing better wear resistance. Different particle volume fractions and different particle sizes have a greater influence on the erosion wear resistance of iron matrix composites.
    keywords: composites; erosion; iron; iron matrix; matrix; matrix composites; nickel; plating; volume; wear
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        item: #4202 of 7527
          id: cet-2666
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 001.docx
        date: 2018-07-24
       words: 2269
      flesch: 45
     summary: Table 1: Tensile properties of cured adhesive films prepared under different cure pressures Sample Maximum force (N) Tensile strength (MPa) Breaking elongation (%) poly(A)-0.5 225.5 43.7 3.73 poly(A)-0 224.1 42.0 3.10 3.4 DMA Analysis Figure 5: DMA curves of the cured adhesive films under different curing pressure The DMA curves of the cured adhesive films under different curing pressure were shown in Figure 5. 2.2 Preparation of cured adhesive films A was cured at 175 ℃ for 2 hours in a thermocompression between glass plates on which a release agent (75-95 % aliphatic hydrocarbon and <20% dibutyl ether) had been spread with various pressures: 0 MPa, 0.075MPa, and 0.5 MPa.
    keywords: adhesive; curing; doi; films; mpa; pressure; properties
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        item: #4203 of 7527
          id: cet-2667
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 001.docx
        date: 2018-07-24
       words: 2785
      flesch: 28
     summary: References Belhadj A., Boukhalfa A., Belalia S.A., 2017, Free vibration modelling of Single-walled Carbon Nanotubes using the Differential Quadrature Method, Mathematical Modelling of Engineering Problems, 4(1), 33-37, DOI: 10.18280/mmep.040107 Carotenuto C., Guarino G., Minale M., Morrone B., 2016, Biogas production from anaerobic digestion of manure at different operative conditions, International Journal of Heat and Technology, 34(4), 623-629, DOI: 10.18280/ijht.340411 Hoepfner S., Ratke L., Milow B., 2008, Synthesis and characterisation of nanofibrillar cellulose aerogels, Cellulose, 15(1), 121-129, DOI: 10.1007/s10570-007-9146-8 Jin H., Nishiyama Y., Wada M., Kuga S., 2004, Nanofibrillar cellulose aerogels, Colloids & Surfaces A Physicochemical & Engineering Aspects, 240(1), 63-67, DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2004.03.007 Jin H., Nishiyama Y., Wada M., Kuga S., 2004, Nanofibrillar cellulose aerogels, Colloids & Surfaces A Physicochemical & Engineering Aspects, 240(1), 63-67, DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2004.03.007 Lee S., Jeong M.J., Kang K.Y., 2015, Preparation of cellulose aerogels as a nano-biomaterial from lignocellulosic biomass, Journal of the Korean Physical Society, 67(4), 738-741, DOI: 10.3938/jkps.67.738 Lopes J.M., Mustapa A.N., Pantić M., Bermejo, M.D., Martin A., 2017, Preparation of cellulose aerogels from ionic liquid solutions for supercritical impregnation of phytol, Journal of Supercritical Fluids the, 130, DOI: 10.1016/j.supflu.2017.07.018 Meena A.K., Mishra G.K., Rai P.K., Rajagopal C., Nagar P.N., 2005, Removal of heavy metal ions from aqueous solutions using carbon aerogel as an adsorbent, Journal of Hazardous Materials, 122(1), 161-170, DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2005.03.024 Nguyen S.T., Feng J., Shao K.N., Wong J.P.W., Tan, V.B.C., Duong H.M., 2014, Advanced thermal insulation and absorption properties of recycled cellulose aerogels, Colloids & Surfaces A Physicochemical & Engineering Aspects, 445(6), 128-134, DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2014.01.015 Introduction As a new type of third-generation aerogel material, cellulose aerogel not only has the excellent performance of the traditional aerogels, but also integrates some excellent properties of cellulose, such as sufficient raw material, biodegradability, renewable and good biocompatibility, so that it has a wide application prospect (Jin et al., 2004).
    keywords: aerogels; drying; figure; fraction; mass; nanocellulose; nanocellulose aerogels; pore; structure
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        item: #4204 of 7527
          id: cet-2668
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 001.docx
        date: 2018-07-24
       words: 2614
      flesch: 48
     summary: (a) 5min (b) 25min (c) 45min Figure 4: Chloride ion distribution of Q235 steel welds at different time Fig. 4 shows the chloride ion distribution of Q235 steel weld seams at different times. Different welding shapes and different welding methods have different chemical corrosion conditions for steel welding samples.
    keywords: arc; corrosion; erosion; potential; properties; q235; steel; welding
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        item: #4205 of 7527
          id: cet-2669
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 001.docx
        date: 2018-07-24
       words: 2917
      flesch: 41
     summary: 2¦ È(¡ã) 6056524844403632282420 (b)700¡ æ (a)650¡ æ (c)750¡ æ 12008004000-400-800-1200 -50 -40 -30 -20 -10 0 10 20 30 40 50 P o la ri z a ti o n (¦ ÌC /c m 2 ) Electric field strength(kV/cm) 650¡ æ 700¡ æ 750¡ æ Figure 4: XRD spectrums of NBT ceramic films at three temps Figure 5: FHL of NBT ceramic film at three temperatures As shown in Figure 5, the ferroelectric hysteresis loops of NBT ceramic films at three temperatures are obtained. As shown in Figure 4, the X-ray diffraction spectrum of NBT ceramic films is available at three annealing temperatures (650~750°C).
    keywords: annealing; ceramic; dielectric; figure; film; lead; piezoelectric; process; temperature
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        item: #4206 of 7527
          id: cet-267
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 211.docx
        date: 2017-10-04
       words: 3939
      flesch: 31
     summary: Wang et al. (2015) studied relevant issues of BSDF for heating industry development involving subsidy policy, carbon trading and business mode. 1) in the stage of BSDF production and sales, it is required a stable supply of biomass materials with a reasonable price to control the production cost, and also a stable market of BSDF with a reasonable price to ensure the profit; 2) in the stage of BSDF heating operation service, it is required a reasonable price of BSDF to ensure the profit in the existing heating market with already built price of heating service and heating network.
    keywords: analysis; bsdf; china; development; energy; heating; industry; level; management; system
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        item: #4207 of 7527
          id: cet-2670
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 001.docx
        date: 2018-07-24
       words: 2803
      flesch: 49
     summary: 40 46 54 15 cycle strength loss of freeze-thaw/% 6.4 14.2 6.1 15 wet and dry cycles of strength loss/% 4.6 9.7 4.5 4.2 Energy-saving application of thermal insulation mortar blocks The polystyrene insulation mortar is modified by doped lime and gypsum to make the newly developed insulation mortar have a strong weather resistance. Preparation of polystyrene insulation mortar blocks 3.1 Experiment and durability analysis of polystyrene insulation mortar block Cement, coal ash and polystyrene materials are in accordance with the section 2.2.
    keywords: ash; building; cement; coal; hydration; insulation; materials; mortar; polystyrene
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        item: #4208 of 7527
          id: cet-2671
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 001.docx
        date: 2018-07-24
       words: 2661
      flesch: 50
     summary: Yang G., 2010, Structure theory of geogrid reinforced soil structure and its engineering application, Beijing: Science Press. The tenon is described by the tenon side length tL and tenon thickness td (Figure 2).
    keywords: geogrid; pull; soil; tenon; test; thickness
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        item: #4209 of 7527
          id: cet-2672
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 001.docx
        date: 2018-07-24
       words: 3156
      flesch: 36
     summary: The study draws the following conclusions: (1) Light and ferrate have a synergy effect on the oxidative degradation of dyes, it’s because the UN-light can induce ferrate to produce Fe(V), which has stronger oxidizability and faster reaction rate; (2) Increasing the light intensity and increasing the amount of ferrate added can significantly increase the removal rate of eosin, which can be attributed to that more photons were used to produce Fe(V), while the increase in ferrate concentration can also increase redox potential; (3) The effect of reaction temperature and initial concentration of eosin on the final removal rate is more complex. It is because of its stronger oxidizability and higher reaction rate that the removal rate of the dye in the system is effectively improved.
    keywords: concentration; effect; eosin; ferrate; light; rate; reaction; removal
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        item: #4210 of 7527
          id: cet-2673
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 001.docx
        date: 2018-07-24
       words: 3919
      flesch: 38
     summary: Development prospects and existing problems of plant fiber reinforced blocks 5.1 Development prospects The crack resistance of plant fiber and polypropylene fiber of the same admixture volume is comparable, but the price of plant fiber is only 1/10 of that of polypropylene fiber. Studying plant fiber reinforced blocks will help promote the application of this new wall materials.
    keywords: alkali; blocks; cement; cementing; concrete; fiber; material; plant; plant fiber; slag; straw; strength
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        item: #4211 of 7527
          id: cet-2674
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 001.docx
        date: 2018-07-24
       words: 3138
      flesch: 56
     summary: DOI: 10.3303/CET1866016 Please cite this article as: Lu M., 2018, Effect of rare earth oxide on electrochemical behaviors of ni-mh battery on new energy vehicle, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 66, 91-96 DOI:10.3303/CET1866016 91 In this paper, Ni-MH Batteries containing rare earth elements (Y, Er, Tm, Yb, and Lu) oxides are investigated at room temperature and at high temperature in order to fill the gap of pure Ni-MH Batteries which presents poor electrochemical behaviors in new energy vehicles under high temperature conditions. Some studied that metal (Zn, Cd, Ti) and non-metallic elements (alkaline earth, rare earth) were added to the positive electrode of Ni-MH Batteries in attempt to improve electrochemical behaviors of Ni- MH Batteries with the high-temperature resistance of the above elements (Inoue et al,2013).
    keywords: batteries; discharge; earth; temperature
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        item: #4212 of 7527
          id: cet-2676
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 001.docx
        date: 2018-07-24
       words: 3296
      flesch: 42
     summary: 230 280 330 230 280 330 Water flow rate (m/s) 0 2.0 2.0 2.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 Surface tension (mN/m) 74.14 74.08 73.79 73.59 73.66 72.45 71.44 2.2 Test methods on impermeability of magnetic water concrete At the present time, the methods of impermeability test used in the study of concrete are constant flow method, chloridion penetration method, gas permeation method and so on. Su N., Wu Y.H., Mar C.Y., 2000, Effect of magnetic water on the engineering properties of concrete containing granulated blast-furnace slag, Cement and Concrete Research, 30(4), 599-605, DOI: 10.1016/S0008- 8846(00)00215-5 Temiz H., Kantarcı F., İnceer M.E., 2015, Influence of blast-furnace slag on behaviour of dolomite used as a raw material of mgo-type expansive agent, Construction & Building Materials, 94, 528-535, DOI: 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2015.07.059 Wang Y.X., Wang X., Wang Y.K., 2011, Study on test about the impermeability of magnetic water concrete, Advanced Materials Research, 250-253, 601-604.
    keywords: cement; concrete; impermeability; mgo; mgo concrete; test; water; water mgo
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        item: #4213 of 7527
          id: cet-2677
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 001.docx
        date: 2018-07-24
       words: 3016
      flesch: 31
     summary: References Blasi A.D., Briguglio N., Blasi O.D., Antonucci V., 2014, Charge–discharge performance of carbon fiber-based electrodes in single cell and short stack for vanadium redox flow battery, Applied Energy, 152(2), 114-122, DOI: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2014.03.043 Chakrabarti M.H., Dryfe R.A.W., Roberts E.P.L., 2007, Evaluation of electrolytes for redox flow battery applications, Electrochimica Acta, 52(5), 2189-2195, DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2006.08.052 Chen J.Z., Liao W.Y., Hsieh W.Y., Hsu C.C., Chen Y.S., 2014, All-vanadium redox flow batteries with graphite felt electrodes treated by atmospheric pressure plasma jets, Journal of Power Sources, 274, 894-898, DOI: 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2014.10.097 Ding C., Ni X., Li X., Xi X., Han X., Bao X., Zhang H., 2015, Effects of phosphate additives on the stability of positive electrolytes for vanadium flow batteries, Electrochimica Acta, 164(12), 307-314, DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2015.02.187 Ejigu A., Edwards M., Walsh D.A., 2015, Synergistic catalyst–support interactions in a graphene–Mn3O4 electrocatalyst for vanadium redox flow batteries, ACS Catalysis, 5, 7122−7130, DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.5b01973 Flox C., Rubio-Garcia J., Nafria R., Zamani R., Skoumal M., Andreu T., Arbiol J., Cabot A., Morante J.R., 2012, Active nano-CuPt 3 electrocatalyst supported on graphene for enhancing reactions at the cathode in all-vanadium redox flow batteries, Carbon, 50(6), 2372-2374, DOI: 10.1016/j.carbon.2012.01.060 González Z., Flox C., Blanco C., Granda M., Morante J.R., Menéndez R., Santamaría R., 2017, Outstanding electrochemical performance of a graphene-modified graphite felt for vanadium redox flow battery application, Journal of Power Sources, 338, 155-162, DOI: 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2016.10.069 González Z., Sánchez A., Blanco C., Granda M., Menéndez R., Santamaría R., 2011, Enhanced performance of a Bi-modified graphite felt as the positive electrode of a vanadium redox flow battery, Electrochemistry Communications, 13(12), 1379-1382, DOI: 10.1016/j.elecom.2011.08.017 Han P., Yue Y., Liu Z., Xu W., Zhang L., Xu H., Dong S., Cui G., 2011, Graphene oxide nanosheets/multi- walled carbon nanotubes hybrid as an excellent electrocatalytic material towards VO2+/VO2+ redox couples for vanadium redox flow batteries, Energy & Environmental Science, 11(4), 1379-1382, DOI: 10.1039/C1EE01776D Hsieh C.T., Teng H., Chen W.Y., Cheng Y.S., 2010, Synthesis, characterization, and electrochemical capacitance of amino-functionalized carbon nanotube/carbon paper electrodes, Carbon, 48(15), 4219- 4229, DOI: 10.1016/j.carbon.2010.07.021 Jeong S., An S., Jeong J., Lee J., Kwon Y., 2015, Effect of mesocelluar carbon foam electrode material on performance of vanadium redox flow battery, Journal of Power Sources, 278, 245-254, DOI: 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2014.12.074 Kaneko H., Nozaki K., Wada Y., Aoki T., Negishi A., Kamimoto M., 1991, Vanadium redox reactions and carbon electrodes for vanadium redox flow battery, Electrochima Acta, 36(7), 1191-1196, DOI: 10.1016/0013-4686(91)85108-J Li W., Zhang Z., Tang Y., Bian Ha., Ng T.W., Zhang W., Lee C., 2015, Graphene-nanowall-decorated carbon felt with excellent electrochemical activity toward VO2+/VO2+ couple for all vanadium redox flow battery, Advanced Science, 3(4), 1500276, DOI: 10.1002/ advs.201500276 Liu J., Liu S., He Z., Han H., Chen Y., 2014, Effects of organic additives with oxygen- and nitrogen-containing functional groups on the negative electrolyte of vanadium redox flow battery, Electrochimica Acta, 130(4), 314-321, DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2014.02.116 113 http://xueshu.baidu.com/s?wd=paperuri%3A%28510c715b1e2f1567a14e8e3ab0f1a9cd%29&filter=sc_long_sign&tn=SE_xueshusource_2kduw22v&sc_vurl=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sciencedirect.com%2Fscience%2Farticle%2Fpii%2FS0378775314017066&ie=utf-8&sc_us=11652853895326379144 http://xueshu.baidu.com/s?wd=paperuri%3A%28510c715b1e2f1567a14e8e3ab0f1a9cd%29&filter=sc_long_sign&tn=SE_xueshusource_2kduw22v&sc_vurl=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sciencedirect.com%2Fscience%2Farticle%2Fpii%2FS0378775314017066&ie=utf-8&sc_us=11652853895326379144 http://xueshu.baidu.com/s?wd=paperuri%3A%2845a61e988d56b6388ee89f61c51c2f07%29&filter=sc_long_sign&tn=SE_xueshusource_2kduw22v&sc_vurl=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sciencedirect.com%2Fscience%2Farticle%2Fpii%2FS0008622312000917&ie=utf-8&sc_us=16441481417671419150 http://xueshu.baidu.com/s?wd=paperuri%3A%2845a61e988d56b6388ee89f61c51c2f07%29&filter=sc_long_sign&tn=SE_xueshusource_2kduw22v&sc_vurl=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sciencedirect.com%2Fscience%2Farticle%2Fpii%2FS0008622312000917&ie=utf-8&sc_us=16441481417671419150 Moghim M.H., Eqra R., Babaiee M., Zarei-Jelyani M., Loghavi M.M., 2017, Role of reduced graphene oxide as nano-electrocatalyst in carbon felt electrode of vanadium redox flow battery, Journal of Electroanalytical Chemistry, 789, 67-75, DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2017.02.031 Shao Y., Wang X., Engelhard M., Wang C., Sheng D., Liu J., Yang Z., Lin Y., 2010, Nitrogen-doped mesoporous carbon for energy storage in vanadium redox flow batteries, Journal of Power Sources, 195(13), 4375-4379, DOI: 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2010.01.015 Shen J., Liu S., He Z., Shi L., 2015, Influence of antimony ions in negative electrolyte on the electrochemical performance of vanadium redox flow batteries, Electrochimica Acta, 151, 297-305, DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2014.11.060 Skyllaskazacos M., Rychcik M., Robins R.G., Fane A.G., Green M.A., 1986, New all-vanadium redox flow cell, Journal of the Electrochemical Society, 133(5), 1057, DOI: 10.1149/1.2108706 Sum E., Rychcik M., Skyllas-Kazacos M., 1985, Investigation of the V(V)/V(IV) system for use in the positive half-cell of a redox battery, Journal of Power Sources, 16(2), 85-95, DOI: 10.1016/0378-7753(85)80082-3 Sum E., Skyllas-Kazacos M., 1985, A study of the V(II)/V(III) redox couple for redox flow cell applications, Journal of Power Sources, 15(2), 179-190, DOI: 10.1016/0378-7753(85)80071-9 Sun B., Skyllas-Kazakos M., 1991, Chemical modification and electrochemical behaviour of graphite fibre in acidic vanadium solution, Electrochimica Acta, 36(3-4), 13-517, DOI: 10.1016/0013-4686(91)85135-T Sun B., Skyllas-Kazakos M., 1992, ChemInform Abstract: modification of graphite electrode materials for vanadium redox flow battery application, Part 1.
    keywords: battery; doi; electrode; et al; flow; redox; vanadium
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        item: #4214 of 7527
          id: cet-2678
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 001.docx
        date: 2018-07-24
       words: 3303
      flesch: 41
     summary: A carbon Fabric/epoxy composite material can be prepared with carbon Fabric as the reinforcement phase and epoxy resin as the binder phase. 2.2.2 Surface treatment of carbon Fabric and SPTW Cut the appropriate size of carbon Fabric, soak it in acetone solution, ultrasonically clean it at room temperature for 2h, and then it is shifted to a constant temperature drying oven at 80 °C and dried out for 24h.
    keywords: carbon; composite; epoxy; fabric; friction; material; resin; sptw; surface; wear
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        item: #4215 of 7527
          id: cet-2679
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 001.docx
        date: 2018-07-24
       words: 2809
      flesch: 39
     summary: 124 Figure 3: Impact strength of composite package material at different dosage of HGMs 3.2.3 Effect of different dosage of HGMs on the hardness of composite package materials for e-commerce logistics The effect of different dosage of HGMs on the hardness of composite package materials is shown in Figure 4. Filled into the resin, it can improve the mechanical properties of composite package materials.
    keywords: composite; flame; hgm; hgms; materials; package; package materials; strength
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        item: #4216 of 7527
          id: cet-268
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 211.docx
        date: 2017-10-04
       words: 3195
      flesch: 60
     summary: (a) the whole pebble bed (b) the selected pebble layer Figure 6: Pebble surface temperature for Case 1 Xu et al. (2014a, b) studied flow boiling heat transfer characteristics of volumetrically heated packed DOI: 10.3303/CET1761215 Please cite this article as: Bu S., Wu J., Wang J., Sun W., Ma Z., Pan L., 2017, Cfd investigations of subcooled flow boiling in a random pebble bed, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 61, 1303-1308 DOI:10.3303/CET1761215 1303 beds.
    keywords: bed; boiling; case; diameter; flow; pebble; temperature
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        item: #4217 of 7527
          id: cet-2680
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 001.docx
        date: 2018-07-24
       words: 2259
      flesch: 44
     summary: The results show that, as the dosage of SCB increases, the tensile and flexural strengths of the composites gradually beef up. 3. Results and discussion 3.1 Effect of SCB on tensile strength of poplar wood/PVC composites As shown in Figure 1, within the laboratory area in this study, as the dosage of SCB increases, the tensile strength of the composite system gradually builds up.
    keywords: composite; dosage; poplar; pvc; scb; strength; surface; wood
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        item: #4218 of 7527
          id: cet-2681
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 001.docx
        date: 2018-07-24
       words: 2901
      flesch: 48
     summary: Hence, the stress cannot be effectively transferred, weakening the exertion of the potential strength of carbon nanotubes, so that the tensile strength of polypropylene composites for sports seating gradually lets up (Zhang et al., 2014). It is suggested that carbon nanotubes have a good toughening effect on polypropylene composites (Li et al., 2012; Zhou and Liang, 2015).
    keywords: carbon; composites; csw; mass; nanotubes; polypropylene; seats; strength
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        item: #4219 of 7527
          id: cet-2682
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 001.docx
        date: 2018-07-24
       words: 2869
      flesch: 40
     summary: Table 1: Relative elemental distribution percentages of EDS analysis for Ca-Mg-Al-LDH(a)&(b), Ca-Mg-Al- LDO 300°C&(d) and Ca-Mg-Al-LDO 600°C Atomic ratio% Ca Mg Al O Ca-Mg-Al-LDH 0.27% 60.5% 13.82% 25.32% Ca-Mg-Al-LDO300 0.7% 10.9% 23.81% 64.59% Ca-Mg-Al-LDO 600 1.27% 5.14% 34.77% 58.86% Figure 3: Energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) results of Ca-Mg-Al-LDH(a)&(b), Ca-Mg-Al-LDO300(c) &(d) and Ca-Mg-Al-LDO 600°C Hydrotalcite adsorption behavior of uranium 2.1 Application environment analysis of hydrotalcite The ternary hydrotalcite material we often refer to is a composite material with similar crystal structure formed by mixing three kinds of bivalent or trivalent metal elements (Cheng et al., 2018).
    keywords: adsorption; calcination; hydrotalcite; ldh; process
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        item: #4220 of 7527
          id: cet-2683
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 001.docx
        date: 2018-07-24
       words: 3267
      flesch: 44
     summary: According to water quality analysis and the mechanism of various corrosion mediums, corrosive medium in stress corrosion test solution were identified as Cl-, HCO3- and Ca2+.Three kinds of corrosive medium Cl- HCO3- and Ca2+ were selected in corrosion experiment based on the analysis results of water quality of Shengli oilfield and the research purpose of stress corrosion experiments. The rod samples were dismantled and cleaned from stress rings after stress corrosion experiments.
    keywords: concentration; corrosion; figure; grade; rod; rods; stress; sucker
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        item: #4221 of 7527
          id: cet-2684
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 001.docx
        date: 2018-07-24
       words: 2915
      flesch: 44
     summary: j.conbuildmat.2013.03.024 Ramamurthy K., Nambiar E.K.K., Ranjani G.I.S., 2009, A Classification of Studies on Properties of Foam Concrete, Cement & Concrete Composites, 31(6), 388-396, DOI: 10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2009.04.006 Sun J.S., Kim J.M., 2015, Properties of Foamed Concrete Using Polymer Based Foaming Admixture, Advanced Materials Research, 1129, 593-598, DOI: 10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1129.593 Tiwari B., Ajmera B., Maw R., Cole R., Villegas D., Palmerson P., 2017, Mechanical Properties of Lightweight Cellular Concrete for Geotechnical Applications, Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering, 29(7), 06017007, DOI: 10.1061/(asce)mt.1943-5533.0001885 Xia Y., 2010, The Development and Application of Foam Concrete, Advanced Materials Research, 919- 921(43), 1962-1966, DOI: 10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.919-921.1962 Zhang Z., Provis J.L., Reid A., Wang H., 2014, Geopolymer Foam Concrete: An Emerging Material for Sustainable Construction, Construction & Building Materials, 56(3), 113-127, DOI: 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2014.01.081 Zhang Z., Provis J.L., Reid A., Wang H., 2015, Mechanical, Thermal Insulation, Thermal Resistance and Acoustic Absorption Properties of Geopolymer Foam Concrete, Cement & Concrete Composites, 62, 97- 105, DOI: 10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2015.03.013 156 Candappa D.C., Sanjayan J.G., Setunge S., 2001, Complete Triaxial Stress-strain Curves of High-strength Concrete, Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering, 13(3), 209-215, DOI: 10.1061/(asce)0899- 1561(2001)13:3(209) Hajimohammadi A., Ngo T., Mendis P., 2018, Enhancing the Strength of Pre-made Foams for Foam Concrete Applications, Cement & Concrete Composites, 87, 164-171, DOI: 10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2017.12.014 Hilal A.A., Thom N.H., Dawson A.R., 2015, On Entrained Pore Size Distribution of Foamed Concrete, Construction & Building Materials,75, 227-233, DOI: 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2014.09.117 Just A., Middendorf B., 2009, Microstructure of High-strength Foam Concrete, Materials Characterization, 60(7), 741-74811, DOI: 10.1016/j.matchar.2008.12.011 Mamun M., Bindiganavile V., 2010, Drop-weight Impact Response of Fibre Reinforced Cement Based Foams, International Journal of Protective Structures, 1(3), 409-424, DOI: 10.1260/2041-4196.1.3.409 Mikulica K., Hã¡Jkovã¡ I., 2016, Testing of Technological Properties of Foam Concrete, Materials Science Forum, 865, 229-233, DOI: 10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.865.229 Nambiar E.K.K., Ramamurthy K., 2006, Influence of Filler Type on the Properties of Foam Concrete, Cement & Concrete Composites, 28(5), 475-480, DOI: 10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2005.12.001 Nambiar E.K.K., Ramamurthy K., 2007, Air-void Characterisation of Foam Concrete, Cement & Concrete Research, 37(2), 221-230, DOI: 10.1016/j.cemconres.2006.10.009 Namsone E., Šahmenko G., Korjakins A., 2017, Durability Properties of High Performance Foamed Concrete, Procedia Engineering, 172, 760-767, DOI: 10.1016/j.proeng.2017.02.120 Panesar D.K., 2013, Cellular Concrete Properties and the Effect of Synthetic and Protein Foaming Agents, Construction & Building Materials,44(7), 575-584, DOI: 10.1016/
    keywords: concrete; figure; fly; foam; pore; strength
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        item: #4222 of 7527
          id: cet-2685
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 001.docx
        date: 2018-07-24
       words: 2382
      flesch: 32
     summary: , AIDIC Servizi S.r.l. ISBN 978-88-95608-63-1; ISSN 2283-9216 Synthesis of Benzimidazole Sweat Fingerprint Fluorescent Developer and Fluorescent Effect Shuai Lianga, Shengfeng Cuia, Gang Wanga, Yiyang Zhoua a Railway Police College, Zhengzhou, Henan 450053, China liangshuai@rpc.edu.cn In this paper, benzimidazole fluorescent compounds (compound 1 and compound 2) containing hydroxymethyl and carboxyl substituents were synthesized by replacing salicylaldehyde and substituted ortho- phenylenediamine. The specific synthsis pathway is shown in Fig. 2 and 3. Figure 2: Synthesis of hydroxymethyl-substituted benzimidazoles (Compound 1) 159 Figure 3: Synthesis of carboxy-substituted benzimidazoles (Compound 2) 2.3 Analysis on elements, infrared spectroscopy and nuclear magnetic resonance of benzimidazole fluorescent developer 2.3.1 Elements The elements of synthesized benzimidazole fluorescent developer are analyzed with experimental and theoretical values in Table 2.
    keywords: benzimidazole; compound; developer; energy; fingerprints; fluorescent; latent; state; sweat
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        item: #4223 of 7527
          id: cet-2686
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 001.docx
        date: 2018-07-24
       words: 2982
      flesch: 48
     summary: The effect of process parameters such as pH value, metal ion concentration, dispersant, sol reaction temperature, citric acid dosage and calcination temperature on the crystalline form of cobalt blue pigment was studied. Explore the impacts of pH value, metal ion concentration, ethylene glycol, sol reaction temperature, citric acid dosage, etc. on the formation of the gel, the combustion characteristics, the crystal structure of cobalt blue pigment prepared, and of the heat treatment of xerogel and calcination temperature on the cobalt blue pigment crystal form.
    keywords: ceramic; co2; cobalt; concentration; gel; mol; pigment; sol
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        item: #4224 of 7527
          id: cet-2687
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 001.docx
        date: 2018-07-24
       words: 2085
      flesch: 39
     summary: And then ZrC composite materials can be made by the two composites with the surface coating technology, as shown in Fig.2. At the same time, we made a study on the microstructure of ceramic materials before burning.
    keywords: ceramic; composites; material; pyrolysis; temperature; zrc
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        item: #4225 of 7527
          id: cet-2688
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 001.docx
        date: 2018-07-24
       words: 2622
      flesch: 39
     summary: The mixing ratio of test cement mortar is cement: sand: water = 1: 2: 0.4; Contents of organosilicon: 0%, 1%, 2%, 3%, 4%, 5% (mass fraction, the same hereinafter); Where, D refers to chloride ion diffusion coefficient, m2/s; R refers to the gas constant, 8.314J·K/mol; T refers to temperature, K; z is the charge number of chloride ion, -1; F is Faraday constant, 96480J / V; E is electric field strength, V / m; dx is chloride ion penetration depth, mm; t refers to the time, s. Figure 4 shows the results of water absorption test of silicone modified cement mortar.
    keywords: cement; concrete; mortar; organosilicon; silicone; strength; test; waterproofing
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        item: #4226 of 7527
          id: cet-2689
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 001.docx
        date: 2018-07-24
       words: 3108
      flesch: 51
     summary: Conclusions In this study, the synthesis technology of cobalt blue pigment by the solid phase method is studied by adding crystal nucleus and the on-glaze cobalt blue pigment with bright color rendering, high color saturation and good acid resistance was developed. At present, the acid resistance of cobalt blue pigments at home and abroad is not ideal.
    keywords: acid; blue; cobalt; color; dispersion; pigment; resistance; system
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        item: #4227 of 7527
          id: cet-269
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 211.docx
        date: 2017-10-04
       words: 2939
      flesch: 47
     summary: DOI: 10.3303/CET1761216 Please cite this article as: Fernandez J.P.Q., Ehlig-Economides C., Kafarov V., 2017, Life cycle analysis for a technical, environmental, and economic comparison between corn and shale gas ethanol, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 61, 1309-1314 DOI:10.3303/CET1761216 1309 2. This difference could be even higher if some processes from companies with new technological claims for shale gas ethanol are consider.
    keywords: comparison; corn; energy; ethanol; gas; process; production; shale; water
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        item: #4228 of 7527
          id: cet-2690
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 001.docx
        date: 2018-07-24
       words: 2855
      flesch: 49
     summary: Results and discussion 3.1 XRD analysis Figure 1 is the XRD spectrum of the non-doped and different layers of graphene doped SnO2 films prepared by the sol-gel method. The addition of graphene in tin oxide thin film improves the crystal quality.
    keywords: concentration; film; formaldehyde; gas; graphene; oxide; response; sno2; tin
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        item: #4229 of 7527
          id: cet-2691
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 001.docx
        date: 2018-07-24
       words: 3154
      flesch: 49
     summary: Ormellese M., Bolzoni F., Lazzari L., Pedeferri P., 2015, Effect of corrosion inhibitors on the initiation of chloride‐induced corrosion on reinforced concrete structures, Materials & Corrosion, 59(2), 98-106, DOI: 10.1002/maco.200804155. Peng G.P., Du L., Zhou M.R., 2011, The preliminary investigation on concrete durability in dry-wet circulation cycles under the chloride and sulfate environment. DOI: 10.3303/CET1866033 Please cite this article as: Sun Z., 2018, Durability of cement concrete under chemical erosion, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 66, 193- 198 DOI:10.3303/CET1866033 193 2.
    keywords: cement; chemical; chloride; concrete; corrosion; doi; figure; ions; sulfate
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        item: #4230 of 7527
          id: cet-2692
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 001.docx
        date: 2018-07-24
       words: 2859
      flesch: 45
     summary: NCO Dyeing N N N CH2CH2OH CH2CH2OH HN C OCH2CH2 O N N N NHCCH2OCH2 O HN C OCH2CH2 O N N N NHCCH2OCH2 O Figure 2: Preparation process of AzoPU 3. e f 2 6 O O O ( ) 6( ) O O NH n NH CH3H3C H3C O O N O CH3 O NH CH3 CH3 H3C N O O N N O O NH 2.02.53.03.54.04.55.05.56.06.57.07.58.08.5 0.00.51.01.52.0 (a) (b) Figure 4: NMR characterization of Azo and AzoPU 3.2 Thermogravimetric analysis of azobenzene-polyurethane polymer dyestuff
    keywords: azobenzene; azopu; chemical; color; dyestuff; figure; performance; polymer; polyurethane
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        item: #4231 of 7527
          id: cet-2693
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 001.docx
        date: 2018-07-24
       words: 3602
      flesch: 35
     summary: Based on the actual machining data obtained from the orthogonal test, the optimal cutting parameter combination is obtained by the Taguchi method with minimum surface roughness as the goal, and the aluminum alloy impeller with smaller surface roughness is machined. This study is to develop a parameter optimization strategy for cutting surface roughness of aluminum alloy.
    keywords: cutting; design; machining; method; optimization; parameters; roughness; surface; surface roughness; test
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        item: #4232 of 7527
          id: cet-2694
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 001.docx
        date: 2018-07-24
       words: 3938
      flesch: 53
     summary: Here simulates and discusses ion transport and sputtering behaviors. Dynamical models such as Monte-Carlo Simulation (MCS), Particle-in-Cell (PIC) and convection models, etc., can fully obtain the electronic energy distribution (EED) and the ion energy distribution (IED) and its variation DOI: 10.3303/CET1866036 Please cite this article as: Pei H.-X., Wang Y.-M., 2018, Analogy computation of ions transport and sputtering behavior in coating process, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 66, 211-216 DOI:10.3303/CET1866036 211 with time and space.
    keywords: coating; energy; ions; particles; plasma; pressure; process; sputtering; target; transport
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        item: #4233 of 7527
          id: cet-2695
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 001.docx
        date: 2018-07-24
       words: 3991
      flesch: 37
     summary: Rare earth ion Ce3+ can absorb broadband and promote luminescent efficiency of luminescent material. As it may play a role in the luminescent material by doping some ion of rare earth in silicate material, many domestic and overseas scholars have researched and explored the ways of making luminescent material.
    keywords: earth; emission; light; luminescent; material; method; spectrum; temperature; white
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        item: #4234 of 7527
          id: cet-2696
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 001.docx
        date: 2018-07-24
       words: 3789
      flesch: 40
     summary: This study is to discuss the application of functionalized ionic liquid in fine organic synthesis. It is found that the size of nanogold particles is in the range of 10nm, and temperature and oxidant dosage will affect the action of functionalized ionic liquid.
    keywords: catalyst; chemical; conversion; ionic; ionic liquid; liquid; polyether; rate; reaction; styrene; temperature
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        item: #4235 of 7527
          id: cet-2697
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 001.docx
        date: 2018-07-24
       words: 3889
      flesch: 47
     summary: Conclusion In this paper, the MD simulation method was mainly adopted to explore binary liquid phase separation and glass transition process. 3.3 Molecular dynamics simulation of liquid glass transition The MD simulation was performed in a cube of 1000 particles, where A particles accounted for 80% and B particles for 20%.
    keywords: glass; glass transition; liquid; phase; phase separation; process; separation; temperature
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        item: #4236 of 7527
          id: cet-2698
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 001.docx
        date: 2018-07-24
       words: 3886
      flesch: 45
     summary: The test results of different conditions show that under different beam spot conditions, the stability of test data of celadon products is different. Different beam diameters have a great impact on the test results and there is no specific study on whether this difference will have a qualitative impact on ceramic products of different ages and from different producing areas.
    keywords: analysis; beam; celadon; diameter; porcelain; results; sample; spot
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        item: #4237 of 7527
          id: cet-2699
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 001.docx
        date: 2018-07-24
       words: 3638
      flesch: 47
     summary: The American Standard ACI543R-00 stipulates that the tensile strength of concrete piles should be calculated by the load of the steel bar and multiplied by the load factor 0.9. Table1: Geometrical size and material properties of specimen Sample number Pipe pile type length diameter thickness strength 1# phc 3.0m 400mm 1420 c60 2# t-phc 3.0m 600mm 1520 c65 2) Soak the pipe pile for 10d with 5% NaCl solution; connect the lead wires in the pipe pile with the positive pole of the DC power supply and place another piece of stainless steel in the pool, then connect with the negative pole of the power supply, finally turn on the DC power supply and accelerate the corrosion test; 3) Use the same applied voltage to each pipe pile to simulate the deteriorating effect of pipe pile under the same corrosive environment; keep the voltage at a constant value of 7V and energizing time for 60d during electrification; 4) After reaching the expected time of electrification, the power should be ended, the pool of water could be drained.
    keywords: concrete; design; durability; load; method; modulus; pile; pipe; ratio; strength; test
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        item: #4238 of 7527
          id: cet-270
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 211.docx
        date: 2017-10-04
       words: 3069
      flesch: 52
     summary: Among the sulfides obtained for S304 steel only NiS2 was not shown for P5 steel, but instead MoS3 was reported. The solid line refers to P5 steel and the dotted line to S304 steel 1318 3.3.2 Analysis of hardness and micro hardness For all coupons used during the experiment, hardness (Rockwell A) and micro hardness (Vickers) analysis were performed.
    keywords: astm; corrosion; coupons; methodology; refinery; s304; steel
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        item: #4239 of 7527
          id: cet-2700
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 001.docx
        date: 2018-07-24
       words: 3804
      flesch: 33
     summary: Figure 1: Porous fracture of cement base material Figure 1 shows porous fracture of cement base material. After many efforts in the middle of 1990s, the Oasis Marine Chemical DOI: 10.3303/CET1866042 Please cite this article as: Wang H., 2018, Study on water absorption and strength of cement base material under permeable crystallization reaction, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 66, 247-252 DOI:10.3303/CET1866042 247 Company of the United States has introduced Saipas to Shanghai subway being constructed for waterproof, and the effect is remarkable.
    keywords: absorption; base material; calcium; cement; cement base; material; mortar; strength; water
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        item: #4240 of 7527
          id: cet-2701
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 001.docx
        date: 2018-07-24
       words: 3198
      flesch: 46
     summary: To sum up, the design of benzo compound coupling reagents is still in the primary stage, especially on the design route of benzotriazole coupling agent. For the synthesis of benzotriazole coupling agent, a suitable way to simplify the synthesis process and reduce the cost of synthesis is found.
    keywords: acid; benzotriazole; coupling; design; intermediate; reaction; reagents; synthesis; uv1; water
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        item: #4241 of 7527
          id: cet-2702
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 001.docx
        date: 2018-07-24
       words: 3564
      flesch: 45
     summary: It can DOI: 10.3303/CET1866044 Please cite this article as: Chen X., Xiong Z., 2018, Preparation and properties of rare-earth-doped na2ca3si2o8 and bazrsi3o9 matrix luminescent materials, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 66, 259-264 DOI:10.3303/CET1866044 259 increase the time of crop sunshine and increase the single yield, which has achieved considerable economic benefits in agriculture (Ni et al., 2016). To sum up, there are many studies on the doping of rare-earth materials and the preparation of various metal ions for luminescent materials, but there are still many obstacles to the application of luminescent materials in the optical temperature sensing field.
    keywords: conversion; emission; energy; film; intensity; ions; luminescent; materials; powder; temperature
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        item: #4242 of 7527
          id: cet-2703
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 001.docx
        date: 2018-07-24
       words: 2285
      flesch: 51
     summary: Gas sensors play vital role in detecting, monitoring and controlling the presence of hazardous and poisonous gases in the atmosphere at very low concentrations. Zirconia based ceramics are routinely used in structural applications in engineering, such as manufacture of cutting tools, gas sensors, refractories and structural opacifiers (Rajendran t al., 2006; Spadavecchia et al., 2000; Wang et al., 2010; Zeng and Liu, 2010; Ryabtsev et al., 1999; zhang et al., 2006; Dupare et al., 2011).
    keywords: acetone; composite; gas; polymer; pvdf; pvdzr; sensing; sensors; zro2
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        item: #4243 of 7527
          id: cet-2704
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 001.docx
        date: 2018-07-24
       words: 3084
      flesch: 53
     summary: The results show that the mechanical properties of HDPE material have a certain strain rate dependency under the impact load; the deformation of HDPE sheet became increasingly serious with the increase of the impact velocity of the bullet. (2) The comparison of HDPE mechanical properties at different impact velocities show that the mechanical properties of HDPE material have a certain strain rate dependency under the impact load, i.e. the peak stress increases with the strain rate.
    keywords: bar; bullet; hdpe; impact; rate; sheet; strain; stress
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        item: #4244 of 7527
          id: cet-2705
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 001.docx
        date: 2018-07-24
       words: 3642
      flesch: 50
     summary: Theoretical model of coal dust explosion propagation characteristics From the process of coal dust explosion, It can be seen that the main models involved in the dust explosion include the basic conservation model, the coal dust particle turbulent combustion model, the gas phase turbulent combustion model, the gas phase turbulence model, the gas-solid two-phase flow model, and the radiation heat transfer model. Thus, the scope of coal dust explosion accidents is obtained, and the DOI: 10.3303/CET1866047 Please cite this article as: Song B., Li Y., 2018, Numerical simulation on flame propagation characteristics of coal dust explosion in diagonal structure network, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 66, 277-282 DOI:10.3303/CET1866047 277 function of early assessment is realized.
    keywords: air; coal dust; dust explosion; explosion; flame; flame propagation; flow; model; propagation; temperature
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        item: #4245 of 7527
          id: cet-2706
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 001.docx
        date: 2018-07-24
       words: 3300
      flesch: 44
     summary: (a) (b) (c) Figure4: (a) Effects of coexistence of Ca2+ and SO42- in raw water on water flux, (b) SEM image of pollutants on the active layer surface of membrane after fouling, (c) EDS image of fouling layer 3.2 Synergistic effect of combined Ca2+ and SO42- ion on Boron flux and Rejection Table 1 shows that the baseline test of boron flux is 20.69 mg/m2 h, the corresponding pollution test boron flux is 16.49 mg/m2h, illustrate the foulant test produced fouled layer of boron flux has certain effect. Herein, the author focused on how the feed solution containing both Ca2+ and DOI: 10.3303/CET1866048 Please cite this article as: Wang Y., Guo H., Chen L., Xie C., Zhou N., Fang Z., 2018, Synergistic effect of ca2+ and so42- ions and gypsum scaling in feed solution on forward osmosis boron removal, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 66, 283-288 DOI:10.3303/CET1866048 283 SO42- ions affects water flux, boron flux and boron rejection rate before and after FO membrane scaling in the AL-FW mode, seeking to shed new light on gypsum scaling on boron removal in the FO.
    keywords: boron; feed; flux; layer; membrane; osmosis; solution; water; water flux
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        item: #4246 of 7527
          id: cet-2707
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 001.docx
        date: 2018-07-24
       words: 3893
      flesch: 39
     summary: Liu X., Qi S., Li Y., Yang L., Cao, B., Tang C.Y., 2013, Synthesis and characterization of novel antibacterial silver nanocomposite nanofiltration and forward osmosis membranes based on layer-by-layer assembly, Water Res 47(9), 3081-3092, DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2013.03.018. Ma N., Wei, J., Qi S., Zhao Y., Gao Y., Tang C.Y. ,2013, Nanocomposite substrates for controlling internal concentration polarization in forward osmosis membranes.
    keywords: concentration; incorporation; incorporation concentration; layer; membrane; nano; particles; tio2; water; wt%
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        item: #4247 of 7527
          id: cet-2708
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 001.docx
        date: 2018-07-24
       words: 2937
      flesch: 48
     summary: The results have shown that as the corrosion duration increases, the corrosion products on the surface of multi-element copper alloys change. Combined with the energy spectrum analysis, it can be seen that with the increase of corrosion duration, the surface corrosion product of multi-element copper alloy was only Cu2O for 72h, a mixture of Cu2O and CuO for 168h, and mainly CuO for 336h.
    keywords: alloy; copper; copper alloy; corrosion; duration; element; film; surface
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        item: #4248 of 7527
          id: cet-2709
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 001.docx
        date: 2018-07-24
       words: 2609
      flesch: 37
     summary: References Agarwal S.K., Raja R.M.,1996, Heat transfer augmentation for the flow of a viscous liquid in circular tubes using twisted tape inserts, International Journal of Heat and Mass, 39(17), 3547-3557, DOI: 10.1016/0017- 9310(96)00039-7 Asif M., Aftab H., Syed H.A., Ali M.A., Muizz P.M., 2017, Simulation of corrugated plate heat exchanger for heat and flow analysis, International Journal of Heat and Technology, 35(1), 205-210, DOI: 10.18280/ijht.350127 Belloufi Y., Brima A., Zerouali S., Atmani R., Aissaoui F., Rouag A., Moummi N., 2017, Numerical and experimental investigation on the transient behavior of an earth air heat exchanger in continuous operation mode, International Journal of Heat and Technology, 35(2), 279-288, DOI: 10.18280/ijht.350208 Cucumo M., Ferraro V., Kaliakatsos D., Mele M., Galloro A., Schimio R., LePera G., 2016, Thermohydraulic analysis of a shell-and-tube “helical baffles” heat exchanger, International Journal of Heat and Technology, 34(Sp.2), S255-S262, DOI: 10.18280/ijht.34Sp0210 De D., Pal T.K., Bandyopadhyay S., 2017, Helical baffle design in shell and tube type heat exchanger with CFD analysis, International Journal of Heat and Technology, 35(2), 378-383, DOI: 10.18280/ijht.350221 Sivashanmugam P., Sundaram S., 1999, Improvement in performance of heat exchanger fitted with twisted tape, Journal of Energy Engineering, 3(4), 233-257, DOI: 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9402(1999)125:1(35) Sparrow E.M., Minkowycz W.J., 1996, Condensation Heat Transfer in the Presence of Non-condensable, Interfacial Resistance, Superheating, Variable Properties and Diffusion, International Journal of Heat and Mass, 9(4), 1125-1144, DOI: 10.1016/0017-9310(66)90035-4 Sun Y., Rong J.Y., Tian Y.N., Niu Y.X., Zhang M.H., 2018, Research on resistance features of plate heat exchanger based on flow distribution, International Journal of Heat and Technology, 36(1), 261-266, DOI: 10.18280/ijht.360135 Touatit A., Bougriou C., 2018, Optimal diameters of triple concentric-tube heat exchangers, International Journal of Heat and Technology, 36(1), 367-375, DOI: 10.18280/ijht.360149 Zhang K., Du J.Y., Liu X.Z., Zhang H.L., 2016, Molten salt flow and heat transfer in paddle heat exchangers, International Journal of Heat and Technology, 34(Sp.1), S43-S50, DOI: 10.18280/ijht.34Sp0106 306 https://www.researchgate.net/journal/0733-9402_Journal_of_Energy_Engineering This paper makes numeral simulation of the flow and heat transfer for the heat exchanger during operation, compares the heat transfer performance of the model with or without the plug-in.
    keywords: air; exchanger; heat; inlet; plug; transfer; tube
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        item: #4249 of 7527
          id: cet-271
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 211.docx
        date: 2017-10-04
       words: 2990
      flesch: 46
     summary: Therefore, the growth efficiency of particulate matter is best when the diameter ratio between the inlet and the outlet is 2: 1 in the course of this simulation. 0.00 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.10 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 re la tiv e hu m id ity the distance away from the inlet /m Di:Do=1:1 Di:Do=1.5:1 Di:Do=2:1 Di:Do=2.5:1 Di:Do=3:1 0.00 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.10 0.0 1.0x10-6 2.0x10-6 3.0x10-6 4.0x10-6 5.0x10-6 6.0x10-6 pa rt ic le s iz e /m the distance away from the inlet /m Di:Do=1:1 Di:Do=1.5:1 Di:Do=2:1 Di:Do=2.5:1 Di:Do=3:1 (a) (b) Figure 3: The distribution of supersaturation and particle size with different slope of tube wall 3.2 Volume Fraction At a certain degree of supersaturation, the maximum size of the particulate matter that grows through heterogeneous nucleation is limited. Under the condition of different volume fraction, Figure 4 shows the distribution of particle size at the outlet when inlet velocity is 1 m/s, the temperature of flue gas is 303 K, the temperature of wall surface is 293 K, and an initial particle size of 10-7 m. -100% -50% 0% 50% 100% 0.0 1.0x10-6 2.0x10-6 3.0x10-6 4.0x10-6 5.0x10-6 pa rt ic le s iz e /m relative position away from centerline volume fraction =10-3 volume fraction =10-4 volume fraction =10-5 volume fraction =10-6 volume fraction =10-7 Figure 4: The distribution of particle size with different volume fraction When the concentration of initial particulate matter is low, the growth of particulate matter is better at the outlet.
    keywords: flue; gas; growth; particle; supersaturation; temperature; tube; wall
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        item: #4250 of 7527
          id: cet-2710
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 001.docx
        date: 2018-07-24
       words: 3299
      flesch: 46
     summary: The sun is considered as 5800K black body radiation, and it generates the radiant energy of 42 s4 SS TπrQ σ= (6) Ignoring the collector convection and heat loss, the solar radiant heat received by and the radiant heat loss of parabolic dish solar collectors are 2 4 4 2 , s r a S L r r se r Q A T Q References Demir M.E., Dincer I., 2017, Development of an integrated hybrid solar thermal power system with thermoelectric generator for desalination and power production, Desalination, 404, 59-71, DOI: 10.1016/j.desal.2016.10.016 Johnston G., 1995, On the analysis of surface error distributions on concentrated solar collectors, Journal of Solar Energy Engineering, 117(4), 294-296, DOI: 10.1115/1.2847843 Liu M., Tay, N.H.S., Bell, S., Belusko, M., Jacob, R., 2016, Review on concentrating solar power plants and new developments in high temperature thermal energy storage technologies, Renewable & Sustainable Energy Reviews, 53, 1411-1432, DOI: 10.1016/j.rser.2015.09.026 Ni M., Yang T., Xiao G., Ni D., Zhou X., 2017, Thermodynamic analysis of a gas turbine cycle combined with fuel reforming for solar thermal power generation, Energy, 13(7), 4-20, DOI: 10.1016/j.energy.2017.06.172 Purohit I., Purohit P., 2017, Technical and economic potential of concentrating solar thermal power generation in India, Renewable & Sustainable Energy Reviews, 78, 648-667, DOI: 10.1016/j.rser.2017.04.059 Rehman N.U., Siddiqui M.A., 2016, Critical concentration ratio for solar thermoelectric generators, Journal of Electronic Materials, 45(10), 1-12, DOI: 10.1007/s11664-016-4689-9 Salgado-Tránsito I., Jiménez-González A.E., Ramón-García M.L., Pineda-Arellano C.A., Estrada-Gasca C.A., 2015, Design of a novel CPC collector for the photodegradation of carbaryl pesticides as a function of the solar concentration ratio, Solar Energy, 115, 537-551, DOI: 10.1016/j.solener.2015.02.034 Sánchez D., Bortkiewicz A., Rodríguez J.M., Martínez G.S., Gavagnin G., 2016, A methodology to identify potential markets for small-scale solar thermal power generators, Applied Energy, 169, 287-300, DOI: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2016.01.114 Shuai Y., Xia X.L., Tan H.P., 2008, Radiation performance of dish solar concentrator/cavity receiver systems, Solar Energy, 82(1), 13-21, DOI: 10.1016/j.solener.2007.06.005 Shuai Y., Zhang X.F., Tan H.P., 2006, Simulation for concentrating characteristic of parabolic solar collector system, Journal of Engineering Thermophysics, 27(3), 484-486.
    keywords: cavity; collector; energy; flux; heat; heat flux; ratio; surface; system
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        item: #4251 of 7527
          id: cet-2711
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 001.docx
        date: 2018-07-24
       words: 3962
      flesch: 47
     summary: The application of solar water heaters in buildings is one of the ways to effectively solar energy. Through the detailed analysis of the composition and characteristics of solar water heaters, and with integral solar water heaters as the main research object, this paper mainly studies how to integrate solar water heaters and existing multi-storey residential buildings and puts forward the design principles for integrating multi-storey residential buildings and integral solar water heaters, hoping to lay a theoretical foundation for the design of green residential buildings and heating transformation of existing residential buildings.
    keywords: buildings; design; energy; heater; roof; slope; water; water heater
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        item: #4252 of 7527
          id: cet-2712
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 001.docx
        date: 2018-07-24
       words: 2640
      flesch: 49
     summary: Analysis and discussion 4.1 Temperature and thermal stress distribution of fused silica (a) TEM00; (b) TEM01 (c) Flat-top Figure 2: Temperature distribution of fused silica under different modes of beam irradiation (a) TEM00; (b) TEM01 (c) Flat-top Figure 3: Thermal stress distribution of fused silica irradiated by different modes of light beams 322 http://dict.youdao.com/w/eng/thermal_insulation/#keyfrom=dict.phrase.wordgroup The temperature of the fused silica micropores after TEM00, TEM01, and Flat-top three modes of laser irradiation and the distribution of thermal stress are shown in Figure 2 and Figure 3. Jian Y., 2012, PhD Thesis, University Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China Jiao J.K., Wang X.B., 2007, Temperature distribution of moving quartz glass heated by CO2 laser, High Power Laser and Particle Beams, 19, 1-4. Li S.X., 2016, Research on the temperature and thermal stress of fused silica irradiated by a laser pulse, LASER & INFRARED, 46, 786-791.
    keywords: distribution; laser; material; pulse; silica; simulation; stress; temperature
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        item: #4253 of 7527
          id: cet-2713
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 001.docx
        date: 2018-07-24
       words: 2915
      flesch: 43
     summary: The above calculation shows that the designed temperature on the interface between thermal insulation layer and structure layer was 6.20℃, much higher than the measured temperature of 1.84℃, which was much lower than design temperature. All these factors are restricting the actual effect of external thermal insulation (Feng et al., 2016).
    keywords: building; difference; doi; effect; exfoliation; insulation; layer; temperature; wall
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        item: #4254 of 7527
          id: cet-2714
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 001.docx
        date: 2018-07-24
       words: 2711
      flesch: 48
     summary: An analytical solution using eigenfunction expansion method is carried out for temperature profile in case of constant plate temperature. A numerical analysis of the dimensionless equaions is performed and verified by an analytical solution for constant plate temperature.
    keywords: flow; plate; temperature; velocity
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        item: #4255 of 7527
          id: cet-2715
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 001.docx
        date: 2018-07-24
       words: 3067
      flesch: 34
     summary: , AIDIC Servizi S.r.l. ISBN 978-88-95608-63-1; ISSN 2283-9216 Study on the Application of Polymer Thermal Energy Storage Materials in Building Energy Conservation System Junwang Liu, Suying Gao* Hebei University of Water Resources and Electric Engineering, Department of civil engineering, Cangzhou 061001, China gaoshuying63@126.com The application of polymer thermal energy storage materials in buildings can realize such functions as building temperature regulation, residual heat storage, auxiliary heat storage, and solar energy storage and utilization, which is an effective method for building energy conservation. The results show that the thermal conductivity and phase change energy storage rate determine the performance and efficiency of thermal storage materials, and the thermal conductivity of polymer thermal energy storage material depends mainly on lattice vibration.
    keywords: acid; change; energy; energy storage; materials; phase; polymer; storage
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        item: #4256 of 7527
          id: cet-2716
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 001.docx
        date: 2018-07-24
       words: 3558
      flesch: 43
     summary: A Review Tinghui Zhang*, Ansheng Zheng, Jialiang Zhang General Research Institute for Nonferrous Metals, Beijing 100088, China ZhangThui110@163.com Segregation occurs for most of dopants employed in crystal growth, leading to variation of dopant concentration and properties along the crystal. Introduction In crystal growth, impurities are generally added to the melt to obtain desired dopant concentration and therefore desired properties (Cartalade et al., 2016).
    keywords: concentration; crystal; crystal growth; distribution; germanium; growth; melt; segregation; silicon
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        item: #4257 of 7527
          id: cet-2717
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 001.docx
        date: 2018-07-24
       words: 2667
      flesch: 42
     summary: The rigid polyurethane foam for external wall thermal insulation, especially the on-site spraying type, if no strengthening measures, can bear the weight ≤60 kg/m2, with the density no less than 35 kg/m3. With the continuous improvement of building energy efficiency requirements and comfort requirements in China, 353 the demand for external thermal insulation is becoming increasingly urgent, and the external thermal insulation market will expand rapidly.
    keywords: conductivity; foam; heat; insulation; layer; polyurethane; system; wall
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        item: #4258 of 7527
          id: cet-2718
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 001.docx
        date: 2018-07-24
       words: 3006
      flesch: 32
     summary: The effects of photocatalytic hydrogen production on the rate of hydrogen production by photolysis were investigated. light complex Fine Chemical Research Institute Thiourea H2NCSNH2 Analysis Tianjin Xin Bote Chemical Co. Ltd.
    keywords: band; catalyst; decomposition; doping; hydrogen; perovskite; photocatalytic; production; rate; sio2; water
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        item: #4259 of 7527
          id: cet-2719
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 001.docx
        date: 2018-07-24
       words: 2332
      flesch: 31
     summary: This article, based on higher mathematics thoughts, introduces basic concepts of higher mathematics such as calculus to analyze the application of higher mathematics in chemical thermodynamics. Therefore, the mastery of higher mathematics thoughts is the key to learning, and the motivation for acquiring knowledge, developing logical thinking ability, migration ability and re-creation ability (Borba and Villarreal, 2005; Bybee, 1997).
    keywords: chemical; mathematics; state; thermodynamics
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        item: #4260 of 7527
          id: cet-272
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 211.docx
        date: 2017-10-04
       words: 3608
      flesch: 42
     summary: Reconciled values of variables can be obtained after the iterative algorithm converges at a defined termination tolerance. 4.1 Analysis of sampling rates of data After data reconciliation, reconciled values of measurements with different time window lengths in Case A, B and C are obtained.
    keywords: case; container; data; level; power; reconciliation; time; values
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        item: #4261 of 7527
          id: cet-2720
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 001.docx
        date: 2018-07-24
       words: 3751
      flesch: 47
     summary: It can effectively guarantee the quality of connection among magnesium alloys and contribute to magnesium alloy playing its performance. To research the influence of heat treatment on the weld structure and performance of magnesium alloy, take AZ31B magnesium alloy for research sample and use several welding heat treatment technologies which have property difference after adjustment to collect the parameters of AZ31B magnesium alloy in welding technique.
    keywords: alloy; annealing; electromagnetic; magnesium; magnesium alloy; solution; temperature; treatment
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        item: #4262 of 7527
          id: cet-2721
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 001.docx
        date: 2018-07-24
       words: 3773
      flesch: 44
     summary: In recent years, major military powers have begun to apply magnesium alloy materials to weapons and equipment and related combat platforms. According to the excellent comprehensive performance of magnesium alloy materials, it can be predicted that in the near future, its usage will greatly exceed the pot alloy material and become the most widely used metal structural material in weapons and equipment (Singarapu et al., 2015).
    keywords: alloys; az80; deformation; extrusion; force; magnesium; magnesium alloys; strength; temperature
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        item: #4263 of 7527
          id: cet-2722
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 001.docx
        date: 2018-07-24
       words: 3622
      flesch: 49
     summary: It is affected by many factors, such as the development process of indoor fires, the law of the spread of hot smoke gas, the distribution of temperature field in indoor space, the heating curve of indoor fire, the transient temperature field distribution of structural members, and the mutual restraint effect of thermal expansion between components, the thermophysical and mechanical properties of steel at high temperature, and so on (Kenisarin and Mahkamov, 2016). Literature review The reaction process of steel structures under indoor fire is very complicated.
    keywords: analysis; building; components; fire; steel; steel structure; structure; temperature; value
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        item: #4264 of 7527
          id: cet-2723
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 001.docx
        date: 2018-07-24
       words: 3922
      flesch: 33
     summary: 2. Literature review In 1982, the U.S. Department of Energy took the lead in applying phase change energy storage materials to building materials to form phase change energy storage building envelopes. Using this feature, phase change energy storage materials can be applied to many aspects, such as aerospace, modern weapons, building envelopes, etc., which have broad prospects.
    keywords: building; change; energy; energy storage; heat; materials; phase; storage; temperature
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        item: #4265 of 7527
          id: cet-2724
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 001.docx
        date: 2018-07-24
       words: 3997
      flesch: 41
     summary: Accurate simulation of fans plays a vital role in automobile heat management calculations. In terms of heat exchanger calculation, we discarded the influence of gravity and radiation, and assumed that the property of air is only relevant to temperature.
    keywords: automobile; bus; calculation; distribution; engine; grid; heat; heat exchanger; intercooler; model
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        item: #4266 of 7527
          id: cet-2725
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 001.docx
        date: 2018-07-24
       words: 3424
      flesch: 45
     summary: Fu X., Wang Y., Wei F., 2010, Phase transitions and reaction mechanism of ilmenite oxidation, Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A: Physical Metallurgy and Materials Science, 41, 1338–1348. Conclusions The investigation of oxidation of Kahnooj ilmenite concentrate has not been done before and in this work, it has performed with a focus on the effect of ilmenite concentrate particle size on the degree of oxidation and the rate of the reaction.
    keywords: concentrate; ilmenite; model; oxidation; particle; size; temperature
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        item: #4267 of 7527
          id: cet-2726
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 001.docx
        date: 2018-07-24
       words: 4221
      flesch: 57
     summary:   ∂ ∂ ∂ ∂ ∂ ∂ ∂ ∂ ∂ ∂ ∂     ∂ ∂ ∂ ∂ ∂ ∂ ∂ ∂ ∂ ∂ ∂         + 2 22 2 2 2 Pr1nf TBT bf N U V x y X Y Le X X Y Y Sc X Y (10) + θ θ θ θ ξ    ∂Φ ∂Φ
    keywords: field; heat; number; transfer; ∂ ∂
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        item: #4268 of 7527
          id: cet-2727
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 001.docx
        date: 2018-07-24
       words: 4412
      flesch: 56
     summary: The main objective of this study is the evaluation of the numerical capacity of the RANS-EPDF hybrid method, by comparing different turbulence models, with numerical simulations in a turbulent jet flame (hydrogen / air), using the method of Eulerian multi-environment transport to model the turbulence-chemistry interaction. Flame of hydrogen in a hot vitiated Co-flow 0 20 40 60 80 100 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 1600 T e m p e ra tu re X/D EXP KEmd RSM KE 0 20 40 60 80 100 0,0000 0,0002 0,0004 0,0006 0,0008 0,0010 0,0012 O H m a ss f ra ct io n X/D EXP KEmd RSM KE 0 20 40 60 80 100 0,000 0,005 0,010 0,015 0,020 0,025 H 2 m a ss f ra ct io n X/D EXP KEmd RSM KE Figure 5: Axial profiles of temperature, and species mass fractions for different turbulence models Figure 5 shows the axial evolution of the temperature profiles and the mass fractions of the species (OH, H2) along the flame jet.
    keywords: exp; flame; kemd; method; model; rsm; turbulence
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        item: #4269 of 7527
          id: cet-2728
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 001.docx
        date: 2018-07-24
       words: 2262
      flesch: 52
     summary: Some research is aimed at the study of friction resistance in pressure drop, mainly due to the phenomenon of negative frictional pressure drop in oil gas flow. The phenomenon of negative frictional pressure drop is observed in an experiment.
    keywords: drop; flow; gas; liquid; pressure; pressure drop; slug
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        item: #4270 of 7527
          id: cet-2729
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 001.docx
        date: 2018-07-24
       words: 3584
      flesch: 51
     summary: Chen D., Zhou J., Zhang Q., 2014, Effects of Torrefaction on the Pyrolysis Behavior and Bio-Oil Properties of Rice Husk by Using TG-FTIR and Py-GC/MS, Energy & Fuels, 28(9), 5857-5863, DOI: 10.1021/ef501189p Iscan A.G., Kök M.V., Bağct A.S., 2007, Kinetic analysis of central Anatolia oil shale by combustion cell experiments, Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry, 88(3), 653-656, DOI: 10.1007/s10973-006-8026- z Jiang X.M., Han X.X., Cui Z.G., 2007, New technology for the comprehensive utilization of Chinese oil shale resources, Energy, 32(5), 772-777, DOI: 10.1016/j.energy.2006.05.001 Kaljuvee T., Pelt J., Radin M., 2004, TG-FTIR study of gaseous compounds evolved at thermooxidation of oil shale, Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry, 78(2), 399-414, DOI: 10.1023/B:JTAN.0000046106.53195.26 Khalil A.M., 2013, Oil shale pyrolysis and effect of particle size on the composition of shale oil, Oil Shale, 30(2), 136-146, DOI: 10.3176/oil.2013.2.04 Kök M.V., Pamir M.R., 1998, ASTM kinetics of oil shales, Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry, 53(2), 567-575, DOI: 10.1023/A:1010109929197 Lai D., Shi Y., Geng S., Chen Z., Gao S., Zhang J., Xu G., 2016, Secondary reactions in oil shale pyrolysis by solid heat carrier in a moving bed with internals, Fuel, 173(6), 138-145, DOI: 10.1016/j.fuel.2016.01.052 Liu D.X., Wang H.Y., Zheng D.W., 2009, World progress of oil shale in-situ exploitation methods, Natural Gas Industry, 5, 128-132. The whole experiment equipment was consisted by six parts which included the air compressor, nitrogen generator, nitrogen heater, oil shale pyrolysis device, product collecting flask and low temperature bath.
    keywords: flow; heat; injection; nitrogen; oil; oil shale; pyrolysis; rate; shale; temperature
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        item: #4271 of 7527
          id: cet-273
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 211.docx
        date: 2017-10-04
       words: 2841
      flesch: 50
     summary: A number of studies have been carried out to reduce the amount of circulating cooling water. Cai et al. (2009) introduced a side-flow treatment processing technology to save cooling water.
    keywords: consumption; cooling; network; scaling; temperature; water
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        item: #4272 of 7527
          id: cet-2730
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 001.docx
        date: 2018-07-24
       words: 3170
      flesch: 37
     summary: Reference Bergström J., Vomhoff H., 2007, Experimental hydrocyclone flow field studies, Separation & Purification Technology, 53(1), 8-20, DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2006.09.019 Chen W., Zydek N., Parma F., 2000, Evaluation of hydrocyclone models for practical applications, Chemical Engineering Journal, 80(1-3), 295-303, DOI: 10.1016/s1383-5866(00)00105-2 Coelhoa M.A.Z., Medronho R.A., 2001, A model for performance prediction of hydrocyclones, Chemical Engineering Journal, 84(1), 7-14, DOI: 10.1016/s1385-8947(00)00265-5 Cullivan J.C., Williams R.A., Dyakowski T., Cross C.R., 2004, New understanding of a hydrocyclone flow field and separation mechanism from computational fluid dynamics, Minerals Engineering, 17(5), 651-660, DOI: 10.1016/j.mineng.2004.04.009 Delgadillo J.A., Rajamani R.K., 2005, A comparative study of three turbulence-closure models for the hydrocyclone problem, International Journal of Mineral Processing, 77(4), 217-230, DOI: 10.1016/j.minpro.2005.06.007 Li H., Hu R., 2013, Research on the inner water flow field in a hydrocyclone by the method of 3d numerical simulation, Journal of Applied Sciences, 13(22), 5235-5239, DOI: 10.3923/jas.2013.5235.5239 Liu B., Xu J., Wang Y., 2016, The numerical simulation of the inside flow field of oil-water hydrocyclone with different structures, The Workshop on Advanced Research & Technology in Industry Applications, DOI: 10.2991/wartia-16.2016.205 Matvienko O.V., Andropova A.O., Agafontseva M.V., 2014, Influence of the regime of flow of particles from a hydrocyclone on its separation characteristics, Journal of Engineering Physics & Thermophysics, 87(1), 24-37, DOI: 10.1007/s10891-014-0981-9 Matvienko O.V., 2004, Analysis of turbulence models and investigation of the structure of the flow in a hydrocyclone, Journal of Engineering Physics & Thermophysics, 77(2), 316-323, DOI: 10.1023/b:joep.0000028510.57907.87 Song R.F., Yang Y.T., Zhao L., Fang F., 2013, Numerical simulation on two inlet structure of hydrocyclone, Advanced Materials Research, 803, 399-403, DOI: 10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.803.399 Su J., 2011, Separation efficiency optimization of liquid-solid hydrocyclone and numerical simulation, Journal of Mechanical Engineering, 47(20), 183, DOI: 10.3901/jme.2011.20.183 Wang B., And K.W.C., Yu A.B., 2007, Numerical study of particle−fluid flow in a hydrocyclone, Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research, 46(13), 4695-4705, DOI: 10.1021/ie061625u Wang L.Y., Zheng Z.C., Guo J., Zhang J., Tang C., 2006, Investigation on separation efficiency of liquid/solid hydrocyclone, Journal of Hydrodynamics Ser B, 18(3), 400-404, DOI: 10.1016/s1001-6058(06)60085-1 Wang Y., Zhao L.X., Wang Y.W., Xu B.R., Jiang M.H., University N.P., 2017, Contrastive analysis on numerical simulation of oil-water hydrocyclone with various inlet forms, Fluid Machinery, 7. Wang Z.C., Zhang J.L., Xu Y., Ji Y.B., 2012, Numerical simulation of oil-water flow in dynamic hydrocyclone with different operating parameters, Chemical Engineering & Machinery, 2. Xu H., Chen X.H., Yao Y., 2013, Hydrocyclone velocity flow simulation and experimental study based on fluid mechanics, Advanced Materials Research, 625, 113-116, DOI: 10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.625.113 Zhang F.L., Deng S.S., Hua W.X., 2011, Numerical simulation for flow field in hydrocyclone, Advanced Materials Research, 335-336, 683-687, DOI: 10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.335-336.683 432 Hydrocyclone flow field simulation results and analysis According to the CFD simulation mechanism in the previous section, the flow field related parameters of the hydrocyclone were simulated.
    keywords: field; figure; flow; hydrocyclone; particles; position; velocity
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        item: #4273 of 7527
          id: cet-2731
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 001.docx
        date: 2018-07-24
       words: 4037
      flesch: 64
     summary: The distribution of tunnel surrounding rock loose circle not only associated with the level of the surrounding rock, but also with the size of the supporting force have a close relationship. Because of the complexity of the deep rock mass, which seriously affects the stability of the roadway and the safety of the mine operation, thus the scope of the accurate measurement of roadway surrounding rock loose DOI: 10.3303/CET1866073 Please cite this article as: Chen L., 2018, The change law and application research of surrounding rock loose circle based on visualization test, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 66, 433-438 DOI:10.3303/CET1866073 433 circle for specification of roadway supporting method, ensure the stability of roadway, increase the service life of has important practical significance (Yang et al., 2017).In this paper, based on the borehole imaging testing methods, testing the Huaan coal mine roadway surrounding rock loose circle, to study the change law, and provide accurate technical parameters for roadway support.
    keywords: circle; coal; meter; roadway; rock; roof; seam; test
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        item: #4274 of 7527
          id: cet-2732
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 001.docx
        date: 2018-07-24
       words: 3579
      flesch: 58
     summary: Yang J., Jin Q.K., Gao W.X., Huang F., 1999, Some problems in the research of rock damage model by blasting, Chinese journal of rock mechanics and engineering, 18(3), 255-255. If damage, in TCK and KUS models, occurs from the beginning of loading, then in LK and YBK models damage occurs only when strain exceeds the critical value εvcr and θcr respectively.
    keywords: blasting; damage; evolution; model; rock
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        item: #4275 of 7527
          id: cet-2733
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 001.docx
        date: 2018-07-24
       words: 3441
      flesch: 54
     summary: 448 Figure 9: The Y-direction soil displacement of model piles with different suspension plate diameters 4.2 Data analysis of the displacement In this simulation test, being the representative value of the pile displacement in the ANSYS model, the displacement value at a fixed point on the pile top is chosen to be analyzed. In this paper the influence of different overhangs for enlarging plates on the bearing capacity of CEP piles under the vertical tension has been investigated.
    keywords: cep; diameter; model; pile; pile diameter; plate; soil
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        item: #4276 of 7527
          id: cet-2734
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 001.docx
        date: 2018-07-24
       words: 2523
      flesch: 61
     summary: First man suggested statistically homogeneous zone calculation is Miller, which make statistical homogeneity zone by number of joints and fissures. Shanley M. Miller took theory of relational tables and schmidt, gave the method of dividing statistical homogeneity zone of rock mass.
    keywords: chi; homogeneity; samples; zone; zoning
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        item: #4277 of 7527
          id: cet-2735
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 001.docx
        date: 2018-07-24
       words: 4006
      flesch: 44
     summary: Starting from the mesoscale, with the aid of mesoscopic calculation methods and mesoscopic tests, the characteristics of deformation and failure of soil- rock mixture under load are revealed, the mechanism of earth-rock interaction of soil-rock mixture is ascertained, and the deformation and fracture mechanism is essentially described. Therefore, the establishment of a random structure model of soil- rock mixture is more valuable than the establishment of a real scale model of soil-rock mixture, and it is more universally significant (Chakraborty et al., 2014).
    keywords: block; characteristics; content; deformation; increase; rock mixture; shear; soil; soil mixture; stone; strength
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        item: #4278 of 7527
          id: cet-2736
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 001.docx
        date: 2018-07-24
       words: 2647
      flesch: 39
     summary: 2. Geopolymers 2.1 Chemical structures of geopolymers The excellent properties of geopolymers are related to its stable structure on the one hand, it is a three- dimensional network zeolite structure composed of alumina-oxygen tetrahedron and silica–oxygen tetrahedron; on the other hand, it may be because it can avoid the expansion caused by the alkali-aggregate reaction. Table 3: Mix ratio of geopolymers No. Metakaolin Percentage (%) Water-cement Ratio (wt%) C15 15% 0.45 C25 25% 0.48 C35 35% 0.53 C50 50% 0.57 C60 60% 0.62 3.2 Effect of kaolin ratio on the pore structure of geopolymers The pore size distribution of geopolymers with different kaolin ratio after 28 days of curing.
    keywords: corrosion; curing; geopolymers; kaolin; pores; structure
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        item: #4279 of 7527
          id: cet-2737
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 001.docx
        date: 2018-07-24
       words: 3444
      flesch: 39
     summary: It figures out changes of soil organic matter content in different forms, and on which basis, determine the sensitive band of organic matter and construct an estimation model for the estimation of soil organic matter content at multi bands and single band. It finds that there is a close relationship between soil organic matter content and each band, and the estimation model is sound in stability and accurate measurement.
    keywords: content; estimation; matter; matter content; organic; properties; remote; samples; sensing; soil
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        item: #4280 of 7527
          id: cet-2738
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 001.docx
        date: 2018-07-24
       words: 2827
      flesch: 54
     summary: There are 7 monitoring points on each section, as shown in Figure 1. Figure 1: Site monitoring point schematic diagram 1.3 Research of settlement sink wide under different geomorphic units The settlement of the ground surface caused by the shield machine in the course has three dimensional space effect, and the settlement range is gradually increasing from bottom to top, and eventually tends to be stable. The depth shape of settlement sink in the ancient QinHuai River is larger but the width is less than the floodplain of the Yangtze River.
    keywords: river; settlement; settlement tank; sink; value; width
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        item: #4281 of 7527
          id: cet-2739
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 001.docx
        date: 2018-07-24
       words: 3329
      flesch: 42
     summary: Based on the spatial-temporal evolutionary structure and metallogenic characteristics of the Dahongshan Copper Mine, this paper studied the geological conditions, rock characteristics and ore geochemical characteristics of the Dahongshan Copper Mine. According to the eruptive deposition state, rock characteristics and combination type, it can be preliminarily judged that this mining area is formed in the sub-deep-sea environment during the initial rift-diverging ocean basin stage.
    keywords: analysis; area; characteristics; copper; dahongshan; deposit; formation; mining; ore; rocks
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        item: #4282 of 7527
          id: cet-274
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 211.docx
        date: 2017-10-04
       words: 3255
      flesch: 41
     summary: For investigating the effect of electrical heating, the temperature difference between SOEC inlet and outlet is increased so that the power consumed by external electrical heating is reduced, as is shown in Figure 4b. The core component of PtG is the electrolyzer, which uses electrical power to electrochemically split water to H2/O2 and prevents the H2/O2 remixing by a selective membrane/electrolyte.
    keywords: design; heat; heating; power; system; temperature; utilization
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        item: #4283 of 7527
          id: cet-2740
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 001.docx
        date: 2018-07-24
       words: 2696
      flesch: 51
     summary: Usages of high explosive causes ground vibration, air noise, back breaks, over breaks as well as fly rock. So, it is essential to the precise prediction of ground vibration to reduce the ecological damage.
    keywords: blast; figure; grnn; ground; ppv; predictor; vibration
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        item: #4284 of 7527
          id: cet-2741
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 001.docx
        date: 2018-07-24
       words: 4125
      flesch: 55
     summary: The carbon isotope value of δ13C (CO2) is smaller than that of conventional natural gas and biogas and equivalent to the upper limit of coal gas, averaging -15.9 ‰ and showing the carbon isotopic characteristics of coal gas-mixed methane. , AIDIC Servizi S.r.l. ISBN 978-88-95608-63-1; ISSN 2283-9216 Isotopic Characteristics and Origins of Coalbed Gas of Sijiazhuang Mine Field in Northern Qinshui Basin Jianjun Lia, Junlong Zhangb,*, Baoyu Wangc, Yaoyao Caib, Hui Changa aSchool of Science, North University of China, Taiyuan 030051, China bInstitute of Earthquake Science, China Earthquake Administration, Beijing 100036, China cShanxi Jincheng Anthracite Mining Group Co. Ltd., Jincheng 048006, China zhjulo_2002@163.com There are few studies on the origins of coalbed gas in the northern Qinshui Basin, therefore, the coalbed gas in the Taiyuan Formation of the Sijiazhuang mine field in the northern Qinshui Basin was extracted to test the chemical composition and isotope of effluent gas from six coalbed gas wells, and thus the origins of coalbed gas can be explored.
    keywords: carbon; carbon isotope; coalbed; coalbed gas; dioxide; field; gas; isotope; methane; sijiazhuang; value
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        item: #4285 of 7527
          id: cet-2742
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 001.docx
        date: 2018-07-24
       words: 3252
      flesch: 33
     summary: 2. Low permeability reservoirs protection agents Based on the potential damage analysis above, the water sensitivity, water lock and solid invasion damage take up the dominate positions of low permeability reservoir damage, and shield temporary plugging and low interfacial tension should be deployed to reduce the reservoir damage induced by solid or filtrate invasion (Zhao et al., 2018). In order to solve the reservoir protection problems of low permeability reservoirs, novel polymer plugging agent and water lock prevention agent were optimized and characterized in detail, and the polymer plugging agent could work synergistically with water lock prevention agent to impart reservoir protection performance due to film-forming shielding effect and low surface tension.
    keywords: agent; damage; drilling; fluids; lock; permeability; reservoir; water
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        item: #4286 of 7527
          id: cet-2743
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 001.docx
        date: 2018-07-24
       words: 2957
      flesch: 60
     summary: Ling H., Ying Z.Z., 2007, Variation of Unsaturated soil strength with water contens, Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, 26(7): 1499-1503, DOI: 10.3321/j.issn:1000-6915.2007.07.026. Lu Z.J., Zhan H.M., 1992, Shear strength and Swelling pressure of unsaturated soil, Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering, 14(3), 2-4. Luo J., Wang G.Y., Bo K., 2010, Experimental Study on Influence of Water Content on Silt Strength, Subgrade Engineering, 148(1), 116-117. Pan X., Li Y.H., 2012, Study on the parameters of swelling soil moisture content and shear strength, Sichuan Building Science, 38(6): 135-137, DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1008-1933.2012.06.036. 510
    keywords: content; curve; shear; soil; strength; water; water content
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        item: #4287 of 7527
          id: cet-2744
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 001.docx
        date: 2018-07-24
       words: 3683
      flesch: 56
     summary: 4. New Correlation Degree Model 4.1 Definition of new correlation degree model Let us denote the parameter sequence as 0 0 0 0 1 2( ( ), ( ), , ( )) 4.2 Properties of new correlation degree model The new model should reflect both the change trend similarity and the cosine value of the intersection angle between vectors.
    keywords: correlation; degree; grey; injection; model; production; sequences; wells
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        item: #4288 of 7527
          id: cet-2745
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 001.docx
        date: 2018-07-24
       words: 2474
      flesch: 56
     summary: Regarding the bending springback problem of flattened steel pipelines, based on the assumptions of plane strain, this paper applies the plate bending theory and establishes a theoretical model for the bending springback process of flattened steel pipelines and obtains the factors affecting the bending springback of flattened pipelines. 0.992 0.989 0.985 0.981 0.977 0.973 0.970 0.966 Based on Table 1, the closure efficiency graph is prepared, as shown in Figure 4 According to the analysis of the relationships between the bending springbacks of the flattened pipelines with different diameters and the closure efficiency, for flattened pipelines with the same diameter, with the increase of the springback, the closure efficiency decreases; and for pipelines with different diameters, when the springback is the same, the greater the diameter, the higher the closure efficiency.
    keywords: bending; closure; gas; oil; pipeline; springback
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        item: #4289 of 7527
          id: cet-2746
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 001.docx
        date: 2018-07-24
       words: 3322
      flesch: 36
     summary: Measurement method of carbon emission efficiency Determining the production frontier boundary is the key to the measurement of technical efficiency. Table 4 shows that in the extractive industry of China, the carbon emissions from mining and washing, oil and gas extraction, and other mining industries are highly efficient, with carbon emission efficiency above 0.8; in the non-ferrous mining and non-metallic mining and dressing, the carbon emission efficiency is the lowest, which does not exceed 0.5, with the difference of about 0.3 from the highest three industries.
    keywords: carbon; carbon emission; efficiency; emission; energy; industries; industry; intensity; stochastic; test
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        item: #4290 of 7527
          id: cet-2747
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 001.docx
        date: 2018-07-24
       words: 4013
      flesch: 54
     summary: 530 The manufacturer’s profit 𝜋𝑚1 ∗ = 2𝛽(𝐴+𝑝𝑐 𝑔𝑚−𝑝𝑐𝑒𝑚) 2 16𝑏𝛽−7𝑝𝑐 2 ,The retailer’s profit 𝜋𝑑1 ∗ = 16𝑏𝛽2(𝐴+𝑝𝑐𝑔𝑚−𝑝𝑐𝑒𝑚) 2 (16𝑏𝛽−7𝑝𝑐 2) 2 ,the supply chain profit 𝜋𝑇1 ∗ = (48𝑏𝛽2−14𝛽𝑝𝑐 2)(𝐴+𝑝𝑐𝑔𝑚−𝑝𝑐𝑒𝑚 ) 2 (16𝑏𝛽−7𝑝𝑐 2) 2 ,and the social benefit 𝐺1 ∗ = 7𝛽(𝐴+𝑝𝑐𝑔𝑚−𝑝𝑐𝑒𝑚) 2 2(16𝑏𝛽−7𝑝𝑐 2) . If 0 < 7𝑝𝑐 2 < 16𝑏𝛽, the optimal values of relevant parameters are as follows: The optimal subsidy rate for CER investment 𝑡2 ∗ = 24𝑏𝛽−7𝑝𝑐 2 56𝑏𝛽 ,the optimal cost-sharing ratio 𝑘2 ∗ = 7𝑝𝑐 2 32𝑏𝛽+7𝑝𝑐 2 , the optimal CER level 𝛥𝑒𝑚2 ∗ = 7𝑝𝑐(𝐴+𝑝𝑐 𝑔𝑚−𝑝𝑐𝑒𝑚) 16𝑏𝛽−7𝑝𝑐 2 ,the optimal wholesale price 𝑝𝑚2 ∗ = 8𝑏𝛽[𝐴+2𝑐𝑚−𝑝𝑐(𝑔𝑚−𝑒𝑚)]−7𝑝𝑐 2(𝐴+𝑐𝑚) 16𝑏𝛽−7𝑝𝑐 2 ,and the optimal order quantity 𝑞2 ∗ = 4𝛽(𝐴+𝑝𝑐𝑔𝑚−𝑝𝑐𝑒𝑚) 16𝑏𝛽−7𝑝𝑐 2 .
    keywords: carbon; cer; decision; making; 𝛥𝑒𝑚
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        item: #4291 of 7527
          id: cet-2748
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 001.docx
        date: 2018-07-24
       words: 3153
      flesch: 37
     summary: Through the previous research results can be 536 seen, the diagenetic influence for the Mabei slope area of Baikouquan glutenite reservoir physical properties are not decisive, because its dissolution is not very strong, so it cannot form pores enough. In other words, the controlling factors of control and the north slope of Baikouquan glutenite reservoir is sedimentary sandstone and conglomerate.
    keywords: conglomerate; content; fan; flow; glutenite; oil; reservoir; sand; sedimentary; tractive
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        item: #4292 of 7527
          id: cet-2749
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 001.docx
        date: 2018-07-24
       words: 2776
      flesch: 45
     summary: Economic value Ecological value Social value Material production Gas regulation, Water conservation, Nutrient circulation Social security Products and services Employment guarantee, Entertainment and research Adjust the microclimate, Water conservation, Habitat Material production (Wetland) Scientific research culture Water storage and water supply, Atmospheric regulation, Soil protection Figure 1: Value composition of Coal mining area land resources Table 1: Types and contents of ecosystem service functions Number Types of ecological services 1 Supply function Raw material, Water supply, genetic resources 2 Regulating function Disturbance regulation, Atmospheric regulation, Water regulation 3 Support function Soil formation, Biological control 2.2 Influencing factors on land resources value in coal mining areas Coupling relationship between coal resource exploitations and land resources value 3.1 Analysis for the impact of coal resources recovery rate on land value Different mining methods of coal resources have different impacts on land resources.
    keywords: areas; coal; land; land resources; mining; resources; use; value
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        item: #4293 of 7527
          id: cet-275
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 211.docx
        date: 2017-10-04
       words: 4336
      flesch: 46
     summary: A state space approach was presented dividing the model into a pinch operator (heat integration) and a pressure operator (work integration). One network 1348 is exclusively for heat integration, and the other is for work integration.
    keywords: energy; exchange; exchange networks; heat; integration; networks; pressure; process; streams; work
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        item: #4294 of 7527
          id: cet-2750
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 001.docx
        date: 2018-07-24
       words: 2510
      flesch: 44
     summary: -0.258 Winter -0.739 -0.928 -0.817 0.923 0.757 550 Figure 5: Monthly mean concentration of PM2.5 and meteorological factor changes (4) The correlation of PM2.5 with wind direction, and wind speed As Table 5, about 87 % of the time in the year, Z City is in the state of static winds and light breeze, the average annual wind speed reaches 1.97 m/s, available from Figure 5, PM2.5 and wind speed was negatively correlated, due to low wind speed grade, and special geography position, the showing correlation is not obvious; Figure 6: PM2.5 concentration rose diagram in all seasons in 2016 This paper analyzes the change of PM2.5 concentration in Z City in spatial-temporal changes, studies its changing rules and the correlation with the influencing factors, and obtains following conclusions: PM2.5 has certain regularity in time series change.
    keywords: air; city; concentration; correlation; pm2.5
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        item: #4295 of 7527
          id: cet-2751
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 001.docx
        date: 2018-07-24
       words: 3534
      flesch: 42
     summary: This paper describes the measurement method for agricultural carbon emissions in the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region over the past 16 years. Therefore, it is mandatory for human to grasp the law of carbon emissions from agricultural systems and identify the driving factors that affect agricultural carbon emissions, which can support to develop reasonable policies (Biagini et al., 2014) in favor of wrapping up the carbon emission reduction.
    keywords: agriculture; carbon; carbon emissions; emissions; production; total; xinjiang
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        item: #4296 of 7527
          id: cet-2752
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 001.docx
        date: 2018-07-24
       words: 3635
      flesch: 37
     summary: Therefore, the development of green building index system based on low carbon ecological detailed planning embodies the characteristics of Beijing and the economic strength. The concept of integrated low-carbon ecological planning includes both the application of DOI: 10.3303/CET1866094 Please cite this article as: Zhang Y., Feng T., 2018, Research on green building index system based on low carbon ecological design in the detailed planning, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 66, 559-564 DOI:10.3303/CET1866094 559 low-carbon technologies, such as the use of renewable energy, building energy-saving transformation, the construction of public transport system, and planning and guiding mechanism.
    keywords: building; carbon; city; design; detailed; development; ecological; green; index; planning; system
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        item: #4297 of 7527
          id: cet-2753
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 001.docx
        date: 2018-07-24
       words: 2776
      flesch: 23
     summary: The score of green building materials management based on BIM for this construction enterprise in this project is 2.6, which is intermediate. Green building materials management model construction based on BIM 4.1 Green building materials management guarantee mechanism based on BIM
    keywords: bim; building; building materials; construction; green; information; management; materials; model; supply
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        item: #4298 of 7527
          id: cet-2754
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 001.docx
        date: 2018-07-24
       words: 3685
      flesch: 44
     summary: The flame- retardant properties are imparted to the PP by adding flame retardants and certain flame-retardant materials to the PP material. With the increasing DOI: 10.3303/CET1866096 Please cite this article as: Li S., Zhao J., Shao Y., 2018, Energy storage and flame retardance of building organic composites, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 66, 571-576 DOI:10.3303/CET1866096 571 mailto:lishuangying524@163.com attention to environmental problems and the improvement of this kind of flame retardant, the research and development of low-smoke halogen-free flame retardants are imminent (Khadiran et al., 2015).
    keywords: change; energy; flame; materials; peg; phase; resistance; retardant; storage
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        item: #4299 of 7527
          id: cet-2755
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 001.docx
        date: 2018-07-24
       words: 3477
      flesch: 48
     summary: This paper provides advanced technology and ideas through the case analysis, and concludes how BIM energy consumption analysis assist architects to choose the energy saving solution and to optimize the design. The application and development of BIM is broader and faster, especially in the early stages of building energy efficiency design.
    keywords: analysis; bim; building; construction; consumption; design; energy; information; software; technology
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        item: #4300 of 7527
          id: cet-2756
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 001.docx
        date: 2018-07-24
       words: 3664
      flesch: 32
     summary: This paper describes the energy conservation effect of energy storage materials used in buildings. The analysis results reveal that the energy conservation efficiency of energy storage materials can reach up to 27.56%.
    keywords: building; conservation; design; energy; energy storage; materials; method; saving; storage; wall
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        item: #4301 of 7527
          id: cet-2757
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 001.docx
        date: 2018-07-24
       words: 4050
      flesch: 37
     summary: The research achievement supplies theoretic basis for reconstruction of coal mine gas distribution field, and is beneficial to reducing gas accident during the production process of coal mine and reducing economic loss and life and personnel injuries resulting from gas accident so as to ensure normal production of coal mine and establish good corporate image of coal mine enterprises. The reconstruction technology based on space information statistics technology (geostatistics) in the stope gas distribution field proposed in this paper has the features of high reconstruction accuracy and strong data adaptability, and can be used to solve the problem of coal mine gas distribution field reconstruction.
    keywords: coal; data; distribution; face; field; flow; gas; gas distribution; reconstruction; stope; technology
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        item: #4302 of 7527
          id: cet-2758
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 001.docx
        date: 2018-07-24
       words: 3850
      flesch: 29
     summary: The return on investment of distributed photovoltaic energy driven ice storage air conditioning system has been calculated to show that the payback period of system within the 15-year life cycle is about 12 years, which is rather long, because the batter is used in the system to ensure the stable output of photovoltaic energy system; after the energy coupling between all components and the optimization of photovoltaic energy system control strategy, the battery-free distributed photovoltaic energy system can be applied, and then the payback period of the system can be reduced to 8 years with a certain economic efficiency. Then it can be concluded that the cooling power of photovoltaic energy-driven ice storage air conditioning system is 171.58W; in Table 3, the theoretical value of cooling power is 176.51W, 4.93W more than actually measured data in the experiment at the tolerance rate 2.79%, indicating that the theoretical calculation results coincide well with the experimental data, therefore, the established model can better reflect the energy transfer characteristics and energy loss of all parts in the operation process of photovoltaic energy driven ice storage air conditioning system.
    keywords: air; cold; conditioning; energy; ice; ice storage; loss; power; storage; storage air; system
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        item: #4303 of 7527
          id: cet-2759
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 001.docx
        date: 2018-07-24
       words: 3458
      flesch: 40
     summary: Evaluation index system was established through Analytic Hierarchy Process. Then, the judgment matrix formed by evaluation index system, which gathered experts opinions based on Delphi method, was applied.
    keywords: ceramic; energy; evaluation; index; kiln; reconstruction; saving; system
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        item: #4304 of 7527
          id: cet-276
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 211.docx
        date: 2017-10-04
       words: 3763
      flesch: 44
     summary: Yee T.F., Grossmann I.E., 1990, Simultaneous optimization models for heat integration – II. Instead, stream splitting is sometimes required with inlet temperature to the pressure-changing unit being Pinch temperatures, hot or cold utility temperatures or ambient temperature.
    keywords: heat; integration; model; pinch; pressure; streams; temperature
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        item: #4305 of 7527
          id: cet-2760
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 001.docx
        date: 2018-07-24
       words: 3704
      flesch: 46
     summary: Figure 1: A hollow cathode lamp brand Before the experimental measurement, the wavelength of spectral line produced by energy level transition of tin atom and monovalent ions to a lower energy level that meets the transition selection criteria should be calculated to ensure that the measured spectral line wasn’t overlapped with transition spectral line of other energy levels. This paper aims at analyzing energy level radiation parameters of tin atom, molybdenum atom and molybdenum monovalent ion.
    keywords: atom; energy; laser; level; line; molybdenum; parameters; radiation; ratio; tin; transition
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        item: #4306 of 7527
          id: cet-2761
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 001.docx
        date: 2018-07-24
       words: 3069
      flesch: 52
     summary: The process of water quality assessment of fuzzy neural network based on factor analysis is shown in Figure 2. Figure 2: Algorithm flow of water quality assessment based on Factor analysis - fuzzy neural network Where, the fuzzy neural network determines the numbers of fuzzy neural network input and output nodes and fuzzy membership functions according to the training samples. In general, it is difficult to obtain a global optimum; the choice of water quality assessment factors directly affects whether the assessment results are grounded in reality.
    keywords: analysis; assessment; factor; lake; model; network; neural; quality; results; water
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        item: #4307 of 7527
          id: cet-2762
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 001.docx
        date: 2018-07-24
       words: 3354
      flesch: 48
     summary: Remote sensing image tones correlate with concentrations of geochemical pollution elements, so it can be preliminarily concluded that the above abnormalities are caused by human factors. This study lays a theoretical and instrumental foundation for future research using remote sensing analysis in a variety of areas, including geochemistry and human health.
    keywords: algorithm; analysis; dictionary; figure; image; pollution; remote; sensing
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        item: #4308 of 7527
          id: cet-2763
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 001.docx
        date: 2018-07-24
       words: 3379
      flesch: 52
     summary: 2. Pollution particulate matter concentration in Longmen Grottoes Taking the comprehensive factors into consideration such as terrain, surrounding environment, number of tourists, installation of instruments, etc., the following sampling sites were selected. 0.04±0.01 0.02±0.01 4.47±1.38 Ca2+ 1.59±0.79 0.46±0.32 1.12±0.64 5.42±1.58 1.28±0.62 0.42±0.12 0.69±0.19 5.07±1.81 627 he pH of atmospheric fine particulate matter has a significant impact on the pH of precipitation.
    keywords: concentration; grottoes; longmen; matter; particulate; pm2.5; sampling; site
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        item: #4309 of 7527
          id: cet-2764
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 001.docx
        date: 2018-07-24
       words: 2916
      flesch: 44
     summary: (a) Data distribution of powdered soil in Jiuzhaigou scenic area (b) The distribution of clay soil data in Jiuzhaigou scenic spot (c) Sandstone data distribution in Jiuzhaigou scenic area Figure 2: Data distribution of soil clay, grain and sand in Jiuzhaigou scenic area The pH values of soil have a great influence on heavy metal content (Ogunkunle and Fatoba, 2014). This paper takes the spatial distribution characteristics of heavy metal chemical pollution in Jiuzhaigou scenic spot as the research object, adopts the methods of literature analysis, field investigation and mathematical statistics, etc., based on the brief introduction of the general situation of Jiuzhaigou scenic spot and the relationship between earthquake and heavy metal pollution, and adopts field survey.
    keywords: area; chemical; distribution; jiuzhaigou; metal; metal pollution; pollution; soil; spot
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        item: #4310 of 7527
          id: cet-2765
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 001.docx
        date: 2018-07-24
       words: 3438
      flesch: 46
     summary: On this basis, Andreoni conducted a decoupling analysis of the relationship between carbon emission and economic growth in Italy’s agriculture, industry, and transportation industry from the perspective of carbon emission intensity, energy intensity, energy structure, and economic growth. In order to study the relationship between carbon emission and economic growth in China’s transportation industry and the driving factors of carbon emission, the Logarithmic Mean Divisia Index (LMDI) decomposition model of carbon emission elastic decoupling and carbon emission driving factors is established.
    keywords: carbon; china; decoupling; effect; emission; energy; industry; transportation
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        item: #4311 of 7527
          id: cet-2766
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 001.docx
        date: 2018-07-24
       words: 3369
      flesch: 48
     summary: DOI: 10.3303/CET1866108 Please cite this article as: Xin J., 2018, Distribution of heavy metal pollutions in changbai mountain scenic area based on pollution load model, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 66, 643-648 DOI:10.3303/CET1866108 643 2. Chen Y.S., Lin, Q.Y., Hong Y.W., 2013, Empirical estimation of pollution load and contamination levels of;phthalate esters in agricultural soils from plastic film mulching in China, Environmental Earth Sciences, 70(1), 239-247, DOI: 10.1007/s12665-012-2119-8. Colvile R.N., Hutchinson E.J., Mindell J.S., Warren R.F., 2001, The transport sector as a source of air pollution, Atmospheric Environment, 35(9), 1537-1565, DOI: 10.1016/s1352-2310(00)00551-3. Daby D., 2003, Effects of seagrass bed removal for tourism purposes in a mauritian bay, Environmental Pollution, 125(3), 313-324, DOI: 10.1016/s0269-7491(03)00125-8. Greiner A., Feichtinger G., Haunschmiedb J.L., Hartl R.F., 2001, Optimal periodic development of a pollution generating tourism industry, European Journal of Operational Research, 134(3), 582-591, DOI: 10.1016/s0377-2217(00)00279-4. Jonathan M.P., Roy P.D., Thangadurai N., Srinivasalu S., Rodríguez-Espinosa P.F., Sarkar S.K., 2011, Metal concentrations in water and sediments from tourist beaches of Acapulco, Mexico, Marine Pollution Bulletin, 62(4), 845-850, DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2011.02.042.
    keywords: area; changbai; changbai mountain; highway; load; mountain; plank; pollution; rainfall; runoff
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        item: #4312 of 7527
          id: cet-2767
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 001.docx
        date: 2018-07-24
       words: 4122
      flesch: 45
     summary: At present, the phytoremediation of soil pollution by heavy metal mainly includes plant extraction technology (Baker et al., 1994; Chen et al.,2000), heavy metal passivation or fixation technology (Pulford and Watson, 2003; Dushenkov et al., 1995; Vangronsveld et al.,2009), plant volatilization technology, plant rhizofiltration technology (Lin and Terry, 2003), plant-assisted remediation techniques (Ma et al., 2009) and remediation of soil heavy metal pollution by hyperaccumlating plant. The study on phytoremediation of heavy metal polluted soil surrounding coal mines shows that the contents of the same heavy metal are different in five different plants, and the aerial and underground parts of the same plant absorb different amounts of the metal.
    keywords: artemisia; concentration; copper; copper concentration; elements; metal; plants; soil
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        item: #4313 of 7527
          id: cet-2768
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 001.docx
        date: 2018-07-24
       words: 3393
      flesch: 52
     summary: In Figure 5 however, the PEGB foam collapsed rapidly until no foam bubbles were visible to the eye as shown in Figure 4. (a) (b) (a) (b) (c) Figure 3: Foam (a) without Betaines; (b) with Betaines Figure 4: (a) Foam collapse completely at about 5 minutes for PEGB; and foam height at 60 minutes for (b) PEGDME and (c) LS Figure 5: Foam height versus time with different polymeric surfactant 3.4 Effects of crude oil on foam stability The effects of different types of crude oil on foam stability were also analyzed.
    keywords: aos; crude; foam; gas; height; oil; stability; surfactant
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        item: #4314 of 7527
          id: cet-2769
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 001.docx
        date: 2018-07-24
       words: 2440
      flesch: 47
     summary: The relationship between compressive strength and axial compressive strength of coal gangue cement concrete is established by testing the compressive property of coal gangue cement compound (CGCC). Taking cement compound as the object of study, this study explores the effect of cement compound on the microstructure of cement concrete by adding different contents of coal gangue fine aggregates, as well as reveals the action mechanism of active coal gangue on cement concrete.
    keywords: cement; coal; combustion; compound; concrete; gangue; microstructure
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        item: #4315 of 7527
          id: cet-277
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 211.docx
        date: 2017-10-04
       words: 3022
      flesch: 50
     summary: It is assumed that the typical procedure for waste collection and processing (Figure 1) is applied: With waste collection being a public service requiring no profit, the new break-even price of waste collection is 63.4 €/t, which is a 47.2 % reduction.
    keywords: collection; energy; graph; heat; model; processing; waste; wte
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        item: #4316 of 7527
          id: cet-2770
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 001.docx
        date: 2018-07-24
       words: 3554
      flesch: 44
     summary: 4.1.1 Basic assumptions of coal seam gas movement The movement of gas in coal seams is very complicated. Figure 3: Schematic diagram of the model 4.2 Results analysis Through simulated calculation of the above model, the following results are obtained: (1) The gas pressure distribution is shown in Figures 4 and 5 when the hole spacing is 1.6m. Figure 4: Gas pressure in surrounding coal seams after 30-days drainage Figure 5: Gas pressure in surrounding coal seams after 150-days drainage (2)
    keywords: coal; coal seam; drainage; drill; face; gas; hole; spacing
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        item: #4317 of 7527
          id: cet-2771
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 001.docx
        date: 2018-07-24
       words: 2543
      flesch: 47
     summary: In light of the above, this paper combines freeform surface modelling and parametric design into a novel method for modelling of complex surface structure. Generation and analysis of complex form 3.1 Procedure of parametric design for complex surface structure The first step of parametric design is to determine the core design logic.
    keywords: curve; design; figure; modelling; parametric; structure; surface
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        item: #4318 of 7527
          id: cet-2772
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 001.docx
        date: 2018-07-24
       words: 2599
      flesch: 46
     summary: Compile the control module of motor temperature active disturbance rejection controller with the S function; 2. DOI: 10.3303/CET1866114 Please cite this article as: Liao J., 2018, Simulation of active disturbance rejection control for cold-hot water mixer system, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 66, 679-684 DOI:10.3303/CET1866114 679 3.
    keywords: control; controller; disturbance; motor; rejection; temperature; time
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        item: #4319 of 7527
          id: cet-2773
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 001.docx
        date: 2018-07-24
       words: 2931
      flesch: 47
     summary: DOI: 10.3303/CET1866115 Please cite this article as: Yao Y., 2018, Application of mechanical arm sliding mode variable structure control in thermal cutting of metal materials, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 66, 685-690 DOI:10.3303/CET1866115 685 Cutting method Mechanical cutting Hot cutting mechanical energy Motion energy Hydraulic jet cutting Cutting knife saw shear chemical energy electric energy Light Gas cutting laser cutting Plasma cutting Electrical discharge machining Figure 1: Classification of cutting methods for metal materials In Fig.1, the laser cutting produces the narrower slot, with the minimum deformation among the thermal cutting techniques, so it is best suitable for precision cutting. 2.2 Design of sliding mode control law The sliding mode surface is designed to mainly ensure the performance in the sliding motion phase, while the performance in reaching motion phase is effectively improved by the reaching law design.
    keywords: control; cutting; laser; mode; reaching
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        item: #4320 of 7527
          id: cet-2774
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 001.docx
        date: 2018-07-24
       words: 2865
      flesch: 43
     summary: Welding voltage, current are respectively 200V and 20A, the welding rate is 2mm/s, a commercial finite element software thermo mechanical coupling calculation of the welding process, welding temperature, should obtain relevant data of force and displacement field. Known as the magnesium alloy structural material twenty-first century green engineering for its unique advantages and is widely used in magnesium alloy magnesium alloy matrix is by adding other metal elements, is a practical structural materials in the light, with a low density, high strength, high rigidity, shock absorption reduction characteristics good noise performance (Choobi and Haghpanahi, 2012).
    keywords: alloy; analysis; element; finite; friction; heat; magnesium; stress; temperature; welding
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        item: #4321 of 7527
          id: cet-2775
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 001.docx
        date: 2018-07-24
       words: 2585
      flesch: 36
     summary: Park S.S., Cho C.H., Ahn Y., 2000, Hydrodynamic analysis of chemical mechanical polishing process, Tribology International, 33(10), 723-730, DOI: 10.1016/S0301-679X(00)00114-6. Sheu D.D., Chen C.H., Yu P.Y., 2012, Invention principles and contradiction matrix for semiconductor manufacturing industry: chemical mechanical polishing, Journal of Intelligent Manufacturing, 23(5), 1637- 1648. DOI: 10.3303/CET1866117 Please cite this article as: Zhao Y., Yu G., Li Y., Wang G., 2018, Preparation and performance study of chemical mechanical polishing slurry for new-type aluminium alloy, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 66, 697-702 DOI:10.3303/CET1866117 697 2.
    keywords: alloy; aluminium; chemical; dispersant; polishing; slurry; surface
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        item: #4322 of 7527
          id: cet-2776
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 001.docx
        date: 2018-07-24
       words: 3259
      flesch: 53
     summary: 2. Design and composition of valve control system The conventional hydraulic injection system for rolling lubrication gives the principle of the pump control system, as shown in Fig. Pressure regulator injection valve Figure 3: Schematic diagram of valve control system Compare the valve control system with the pump control system
    keywords: control; injection; injection valve; lubrication; pressure; rolling; steel; strip; system; valve
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        item: #4323 of 7527
          id: cet-2777
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 001.docx
        date: 2018-07-24
       words: 4074
      flesch: 50
     summary: 3. Methods 3.1 Construction of three-dimensional model of ball mill cylinder The physical structure of the ball mill cylinder is complex. The Solid45 hexahedron element is adopted in the analysis of ball mill barrel stress.
    keywords: analysis; ball mill; cylinder; design; force; mill cylinder; model; stress; structure
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        item: #4324 of 7527
          id: cet-2778
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 001.docx
        date: 2018-07-24
       words: 3822
      flesch: 40
     summary: To sum up, the main work of the above research is to study the model of the underactuated robot system and the different methods applied, but there are still some problems in the field of under actuated robot control. Research on underactuated robots has been done home and abroad, and these research results have played a positive role in practice.
    keywords: control; curve; end; error; joint; position; robot; system
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        item: #4325 of 7527
          id: cet-2779
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 001.docx
        date: 2018-07-24
       words: 3354
      flesch: 27
     summary: Conclusion With continuously increased complexity of mechanical structure design, structural design has become a major consideration in modern product design. Introduction As the design process of the mechanical structure includes not only the basic concept design, but also the detailed design stage, the rapid development of computer-aided engineering technology has also greatly improved the level and efficiency of mechanical structure design.
    keywords: cad; cae; design; model; optimization; parameter; structure; technology; topology
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        item: #4326 of 7527
          id: cet-278
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 211.docx
        date: 2017-10-04
       words: 3424
      flesch: 52
     summary: Dewatering technology n ; 1 Decanter/ Centrifuge, 2 Chamber filter press,3 Membrane filter press, 4 Belt filter press, 5 Screw press c. Processing technology j ;1= Vermicomposting, 2= Anaerobic digestion, 3= Aerobic dynamic feeding d. Unit processing cost of sludge processing technology of vermicomposting (Ahmed et al.,2013), anaerobic digestion (Arsova, 2010), aerobic dynamic feeding (Roland-Holst et al., 2013) e. Unit processing cost for thickening consist of screw thickener, rotary drum thickener, belt thickener, centrifuge and dewatering technology consist of centrifuge, frame and plate filter press, membrane filter press, belt filter press, screw press (HUBER TECH.) The treated sludge can be utilised into a value-added product p (vermicompost, biogas, bioplastic) by sludge processing technology j (vermicomposting, anaerobic digestion, aerobic dynamic feeding)
    keywords: cost; dairy; dewatering; industry; plant; processing; sludge; technology; thickening; value
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        item: #4327 of 7527
          id: cet-2780
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 001.docx
        date: 2018-07-24
       words: 3615
      flesch: 39
     summary: Reference Henriques H.O., Barbero A.P.L., Ribeiro R.M., Fortes M.Z, Xavier O.S., Pequenob M.A.C., Vabob C.G., 2016, Proposal of fault prediction system for underground installations, Measurement, 81, 232-240, DOI: 10.1016/j.measurement.2015.12.010 Jin S.S., Huang K.L., Lian G.Y., Li B.C., 2013, Research on Fault Prediction Technology of Complicated Equipment, Applied Mechanics & Materials, 347-350, 448-452, DOI: 10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMM.347-350.448 Li N., Li Z.H., 2012, The Fault Prediction of Aerospace Equipment PHM Technology and its Demonstrated Failure Prediction Module Simulation, Advanced Materials Research, 505, 239-244, DOI: 10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMR.505.239 Shao Y., Pan H., Ma C., Liu Y., 2015, Analysis of equipment fault prediction based on the metabolism combined model, Journal of Vibration Measurement & Diagnosis, 35(2), 359-362, DOI: 10.16450/j.cnki.issn.1004-6801.2015.02.025 Song Z.Y., Zhang G.Y., Su Y.Q., 2014, One Fusion Algorithm of Equipment Fault Prediction Based on Rough Set Theory and Grey Model, Applied Mechanics & Materials, 687-691, 1377-1379, DOI: 10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMM.687-691.1377 Tian Y.P., Ye X.H., Yin M., 2014, Electronic Equipment Combination Fault Prediction Technology Research Based on LSSVM-HMM, Applied Mechanics & Materials, 687-691, 978-983, DOI: 10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMM.687-691.978 Xu X.L., Chen T., Zuo Y.B., Wang S.H., 2012, Fault Prediction and Health Management for Mechanical Equipment Groups Based on the Internet of Things, Applied Mechanics & Materials, 121-126, 3925-3929, DOI: 10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMM.121-126.3925 Zhou J., Jing Q., Xie X., Zhou N., 2013, Research on Fault Prediction of Modern Aviation Electronic Equipment Based on Improved Grey Model, Journal of Software Engineering & Applications, 06(3), 1-3, DOI: 10.4236/jsea.2013.63B001 732 Shao and others set up a new model combining gray GM (1,1) and LRM based on the validity principle in terms of the difficulty of equipment fault prediction.
    keywords: algorithm; ant; colony; equipment; fault; model; optimization; prediction; state
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        item: #4328 of 7527
          id: cet-2781
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 001.docx
        date: 2018-07-24
       words: 3440
      flesch: 38
     summary: Vibration signals and key trust signals are shown in Figure 3 and 4: 736 Figure 3: Simulation of vibration signals Figure 4: The key trust number of Simulation Figure 5: Local amplification of simulated vibration signals From Figure 5, it can be seen the number of sampling points in the middle of each revolution becomes less and less with time increasing, that is, the rotational speed of each revolution becomes faster and faster and the fundamental frequency becomes higher and higher. Transform FFT directly on the vibration signal obtained from simulation, frequency spectrum figure of vibration signal is shown in Figure 6: Figure 6: The frequency spectrum of the original vibration signal 737
    keywords: axis; equipment; frequency; monitoring; rotor; signal; spectrum; system; technology; vibration
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        item: #4329 of 7527
          id: cet-2782
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 001.docx
        date: 2018-07-24
       words: 3905
      flesch: 47
     summary: And from point e 742 to point f is the braking duration of T3 of EMB system brake, the braking force and deceleration speed remain unchanged. From point C to point C is the time required for braking force growth of disc brake EMB system, namely the braking action time.
    keywords: brake; brake system; braking; contact; control; emb; force; stability; system; vehicle
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        item: #4330 of 7527
          id: cet-2783
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 001.docx
        date: 2018-07-24
       words: 3428
      flesch: 34
     summary: The signal processing technology is used for the feature extraction of vibration signals of rotating machinery and thus special information can be obtained to diagnose the operation status of rotating machinery. Firstly, the real-time acquisition of vibration signals is studied and a multi-channel real-time vibration signal acquisition system is constructed.
    keywords: diagnosis; fault; machinery; measurement; monitoring; section; system; time; vibration
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        item: #4331 of 7527
          id: cet-2784
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 001.docx
        date: 2018-07-24
       words: 3271
      flesch: 47
     summary: To study the application of torque sensor for the joint design of chemical manipulator and realize the integrated design of the elastic body and signal processing circuit. Based on a new type of torque sensor with lightweight manipulator flexible joint, a three-dimensional model of elastic structure is built on this basis and then the finite element analysis is conducted on this design.
    keywords: bridge; design; force; manipulator; robot; sensor; strain; structure; torque; torque sensor
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        item: #4332 of 7527
          id: cet-2785
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 001.docx
        date: 2018-07-24
       words: 3806
      flesch: 49
     summary: Feng et al. used artificial neural network to establish thermal error models for machine tools. Some scholars use Bayesian network to establish thermal error models.
    keywords: data; error; machine; machine tool; model; spindle; system; temperature; theory
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        item: #4333 of 7527
          id: cet-2786
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 001.docx
        date: 2018-07-24
       words: 3479
      flesch: 46
     summary: At present, the typical applications of fuzzy control in various fields are as follows: Fuzzy control is applied in large-scale production process of industrial enterprises. Literature review As a branch of intelligent control, fuzzy control is the product of the development of control theory to the advanced stage.
    keywords: control; cpu; data; module; network; polymer; preparation; process; station; system; time
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        item: #4334 of 7527
          id: cet-2787
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 001.docx
        date: 2018-07-24
       words: 3158
      flesch: 46
     summary: In this paper, the principles of centrifugal pump were described and the operating technique for rotor dynamic balancing was discussed. Since the cause of this vibration is basically unvoidable, rotor dynamic balancing is the only means to keep the pump working normally; rotor balancing technique is of importance to centrifugal pump, because its rotor imbalance is obviously caused by its performance characteristics, i.e., unavoidable.
    keywords: balance; balancing; correction; impeller; pump; rotor; speed; weight
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        item: #4335 of 7527
          id: cet-2788
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 001.docx
        date: 2018-07-24
       words: 3071
      flesch: 53
     summary: In the present study, we present the influence of variation of the distance between the absorber plate and the transparent cover of flat plate solar collector on the thermal performance as: absorber temperature, bottom plate temperature, transparent cover temperature, outlet temperature and collector thermal efficiency. Solar thermal collectors, which allow the production of thermal energy, convert solar radiations into heat energy extracted by air flow through the collector.
    keywords: absorber; air; collector; plate; temperature
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        item: #4336 of 7527
          id: cet-2789
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 001.docx
        date: 2018-07-24
       words: 2922
      flesch: 61
     summary: Kannana T., Muruganb N., 2006, Effect of flux cored arc welding process parameters on duplex stainless steel clad quality, Journal of Materials Processing Technology, 176(1–3), 230–239. Katherasan D., Elias J.V., Sathiya P., Noorul Haq A., 2012, Flux Cored Arc Welding Parameter Optimization Using Particle Swarm Optimization Algorithm, Procedia Engineering, 38, 3913-3926. 785 References Aloraier A., Ibrahim R., Thomson P., 2006, FCAW process to avoid the use of post weld heat treatment, International Journal of Pressure Vessels and Piping 83, 394-398. Benyounis K.Y., Olabi A.G., 2008, Optimization of different welding processes using statistical and numerical approaches – A reference guide.
    keywords: arc; fcaw; flux; gas; metal; steel; test; welding
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        item: #4337 of 7527
          id: cet-279
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 211.docx
        date: 2017-10-04
       words: 3163
      flesch: 31
     summary: Case Study A case study on Nannochloropsis sp. with base capacity of 100 t/y of algae production is developed to illustrate the methodology. Three technological pathway alternatives are compared in the hierarchy network and economic, environment, and safety impacts are defined as the main criteria to select the optimum technological pathway for algae processing to biofuels production.
    keywords: ahp; algae; biorefinery; criteria; decision; pathway; process; production; safety; sub
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        item: #4338 of 7527
          id: cet-2790
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 001.docx
        date: 2018-07-24
       words: 2197
      flesch: 55
     summary: They performed nozzle geometry analysis by using rocket nozzle equations and calculated the values for nozzle geometry. Introduction The convergent – divergent nozzle is the most common type used in rocketry and it works by converting pressure energy from the fuel flow and heat energy from the combustion of fuel into kinetic energy in the form of high exhaust velocity.
    keywords: angle; mach; nozzle; number; pressure
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        item: #4339 of 7527
          id: cet-2791
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 001.docx
        date: 2018-08-31
       words: 107
      flesch: 28
     summary: Copyright © 2018, AIDIC Servizi S.r.l. ISBN978-88-95608-63-1; ISSN 2283-9216 Spray Pattern Investigation using Swirl Injector for Liquid Rocket Engine B. Ravi Kumar, V. Srihari School of Mechanical Engineering, SASTRA Deemed University, Thanjavur, Tamilnadu, INDIA- 613401 ravikumar@mech.sastra.edu Paper withdrawn upon Authors’ request DOI: 10.3303/CET1866133 Please cite this article as: Kumar B.R., Srihari V., 2018, Spray pattern investigation using swirl injector for liquid rocket engine, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 66, 793-798 DOI:10.3303/CET1866133 793 Microsoft Word - 001.docx CHEMICAL ENGINEERING TRANSACTIONS VOL.
    keywords: engineering
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        item: #4340 of 7527
          id: cet-2792
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 001.docx
        date: 2018-07-24
       words: 2865
      flesch: 47
     summary: The aim of the examination was to attain a MIM specimen by microwave sintering methods while keeping the shape given amid the Injection moulding. Table 3: Summary results of different sintering methods Method Conventional Microwave Sample MIM MIM Temperature 1280 1280 Dwell 2h 60 min Density 92.83% 96.12% Microhardness (Hv) 689 704 Two variables can clarify this outcome, the first being the splits saw on the surface due to the severe debinding, yet in addition as a result of the hot points framed inside the specimen amid the sintering.
    keywords: crc; injection; microwave; mim; sintering; specimen
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        item: #4341 of 7527
          id: cet-2793
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 001.docx
        date: 2018-07-24
       words: 3229
      flesch: 42
     summary: , AIDIC Servizi S.r.l. ISBN 978-88-95608-63-1; ISSN 2283-9216 Effects of Silicone Carbide and Its Additive Amount on Diamond Bit Property Jialiang Wanga, Wenjie Weib, Shaohe Zhangb,*, Fenfei Penga aHunan University of Science and Technology, National Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Marine Mineral Resources Exploration Equipment and Safety Technology, Xiangtan 411201, China bSchool of Geosciences and Info-Physics, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China; Key Laboratory of Metallogenic Prediction of Nonferrous Metals and Geological Environment Monitoring (Central South University), Ministry of Education, Changsha 410083, China zhangshaohe@163.com To improve the diamond bit property, this paper studies the influencing mechanism of silicon carbide (SiC) and its additive amount on diamond bit; in the study, firstly, the SiC particles in different weight percentage were added in the matrix, then the drilling bit was fabricated, and finally the indoors drilling test was made. It can be found in Fig.1 that the bits 1-4 with added silicon carbide particles have higher drilling efficiency than the ordinary bit 5. 806 Figure 2: Average drilling time for single hole of every bit In Fig.2, it is found that the average single-hole drilling time of bits 1-4 is lower that of the ordinary drill bit 5, e.g. the drilling efficiency of bit 1 at the minimum single-hole drilling time increases by 55% by comparison with the ordinary bit 5, indicating that the proper concentration of silicon carbine could enhance the drilling property of diamond bit, and at the additive amount 5.5% SiC, the drilling property can be improved at the most extent.
    keywords: bit; diamond; drilling; effect; matrix; particles; sic; wear
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        item: #4342 of 7527
          id: cet-2794
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 001.docx
        date: 2018-07-24
       words: 2642
      flesch: 40
     summary: The purpose of this paper is to analyze component failure mode under different working conditions and based on this, this paper mainly studies the restoring force model of RAC beam column joints by carrying out an experimental research on the restoring force model of four frame beam column joints with different axial compression ratio (1.5, 2.5) and different recycled coarse aggregate substitution rate (0%, 50%, 100%). In order to study the seismic property of RAC beam column joints under a horizontal earthquake action, the quasi-static loading scheme was adopted in this experiment.
    keywords: beam; column; curve; joints; rac; rigidity; unloading
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        item: #4343 of 7527
          id: cet-2795
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 001.docx
        date: 2018-07-24
       words: 3604
      flesch: 50
     summary: However, with the development of industry, some defects in industrial CT image and the contour segmentation cannot meet the needs of industrial production. Size 1 220.50 220.41 220.46 Size 2 150.00 150.10 150.11 Size 3 10.00 10.03 10.03 Size 4 55.00 55.17 55.10 Size 5 35.00 35.01 34.01 Size 6 50.00 50.05 50.03 Experimental results show that the proposed method can effectively display the image contour of the sample, which has obvious advantages in improving the detection efficiency of industrial CT images.
    keywords: energy; equipment; expander; gas; image; industrial; pressure; production; technology
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        item: #4344 of 7527
          id: cet-2796
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 001.docx
        date: 2018-07-24
       words: 2429
      flesch: 30
     summary: Design of chemical wireless distributed control system 3.1 Software and hardware design of chemical wireless distributed control system CPU MAC DP83848 Network transformer RJ-45 50MHz clock source LED status indicator RMⅡ Figure 3: DP83848 typical application Start MAC mode power epistasis MAC pin configuration Reset all internal modules MAC control register initialization Enable RM II Reset RMII Reset completed ID:DP83848C Configured for auto negotiation Start Configure full/half duplex mode Configure the 100/ 10Mbps mode Configure the MAC address register Accept broadcasts and complete matching packets Enable MAC interrupt Reset MAC interrupt Enable ethernet MAC core receive and transmit modes EndY N N Figure 4: Ethernet software initialization program 825 The wireless main-control module is the main module of the wireless distributed control system, usually using the DP83848 physical layer chip (Fig.3); the physical layer interface has a carrier sense multiple access function with conflict detection, so as to better adapt to industrial control and factory automation. The experimental design realized the monitoring function of the entire system by connecting the serial port assistant of the chemical wireless distributed control system.
    keywords: chemical; communication; control; data; module; process; production; system; technology; wireless
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        item: #4345 of 7527
          id: cet-2797
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 001.docx
        date: 2018-07-24
       words: 3291
      flesch: 41
     summary: The discussion of the algorithm In this paper, the ACO-FCM-RBF algorithm and RBF algorithm were applied to the simultaneous detection of zirconium and bismuth, two new types of chemometrics measures were constructed and these two types of 833 algorithms were measured and compared with synthetic samples. Ding Y., Wu Q., Su Q., 2008, Chemical ant colony algorithm with supramolecular coefficient and multivariate calibration to calix[n]arenas (n = 4, 6, 8) supramolecular system, Journal of Chemometrics, 22(6), 366-371, DOI: 10.1002/cem.1119.
    keywords: aco; algorithm; clustering; colony; function; layer; network; rbf
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        item: #4346 of 7527
          id: cet-2798
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 001.docx
        date: 2018-07-24
       words: 2412
      flesch: 36
     summary: In order to solve problems such as operation and control in the process of chemical experiment in teaching, using the technology of digitized computer at present, the operation steps, materials, speed, control and reaction of chemical experiments can be directly and accurately displayed on the video screen in the form of two-dimensional animation. This technology has made it skillfully restore the chemical experiment scenes in the training room, reduce the labor intensity of the experimenters, and improve the accuracy of the chemical experiment, hoping to make certain contributions to the research of chemical experiments.
    keywords: animation; chemical; computer; experiment; graphics; line
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        item: #4347 of 7527
          id: cet-2799
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 001.docx
        date: 2018-07-24
       words: 2465
      flesch: 39
     summary: In this paper, the experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of fibre length and arrangement on the pore structure of fibre network; by applying the 2D model in the paper structure, the computer image processing (CIP) method was then adopted to analyse the pore features and then study its influencing rule, so as to provide a certain theoretical basis for the carbon fibre paper making, with the appropriate pore structure for PEMFC (Li et al., 2011). Fig.3 depicts the generated 2D network image, where Fig.3(a) refers to 3mm fibre length, at the arrangement ratio 1:1; Fig.3(b) is for fibre length 10mm, at the ratio 3:7.
    keywords: arrangement; carbon; fiber; fibre; length; network; pore; porosity
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        item: #4348 of 7527
          id: cet-280
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 211.docx
        date: 2017-10-04
       words: 3765
      flesch: 41
     summary: Kyriakides AS, Rodriguez-Garcia L, Voutetakis S, Ipsakis D, Seferlis P, Papadopoulou S, 2014, Enhancement of pure hydrogen production through the use of membrane reactor, Int. Figure 2: Cascaded reactor membrane flowsheet (CRM) configuration.
    keywords: control; design; flowsheet; membrane; process; production; reactor; steam; system
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        item: #4349 of 7527
          id: cet-2800
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 001.docx
        date: 2018-07-24
       words: 3593
      flesch: 39
     summary: 4. Micro-service system of power grid service GIS application Take GIS application in operation and inspection service as an example, the paper will describe how to construct GIS application service based on micro-service system. GIS application service based on traditional single application system GIS application service is used by State Grid Corporation of China to provide business systems including the operation, inspection, marketing, and planning systems with required maintenance, network topology analysis, and related advanced businesses on GIS graphics such as scope of power failure analysis and line loss calculation.
    keywords: application; architecture; business; gis; grid; micro; power; service; system
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        item: #4350 of 7527
          id: cet-2801
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 001.docx
        date: 2018-07-24
       words: 3504
      flesch: 35
     summary: In recent years, due to the large uncertainties in underwater DOI: 10.3303/CET1866143 Please cite this article as: Li K., Wen R., 2018, Research on tracking and positioning of chemical plumes by underwater robot based on turbulent environment, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 66, 853-858 DOI:10.3303/CET1866143 853 robot systems, whether underwater robots can work accurately and efficiently has always been a problem that has troubled related scientific researchers. Bionic olfactory technology is used to track and locate chemical plumes, and to guide underwater robot to search and track continuously, so as to realize accurate positioning of the undersea hydrothermal vents.
    keywords: chemical; chemical plumes; environment; plumes; positioning; robot; tracking; turbulent; underwater
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        item: #4351 of 7527
          id: cet-2802
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 001.docx
        date: 2018-07-24
       words: 3809
      flesch: 41
     summary: Figure 1: Infrared image target positioning of electric equipment based on FAs T-Match algorithm 3.2 Approximate affine transformation between infrared images and visible light images In this study, the experimental pictures are taken from the pictures collected by the hand-held thermal imager in the substation. In the experiment, the framed rectangles are taken as new target images after expanding10 pixels up and down and left and right.
    keywords: algorithm; detection; equipment; images; infrared; method; positioning; target; tracking
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        item: #4352 of 7527
          id: cet-2803
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 001.docx
        date: 2018-07-24
       words: 3858
      flesch: 45
     summary: With the application and development of computer related technology, such as database technology, artificial intelligence technology and network programming technology, Gao and others provide technical support for information and intelligent process of chemical equipment failure analysis (Gao et al., 2015). Conclusions After a series of theoretical studies, the following conclusions are obtained: (1) The in-depth and systematic study of a large number of typical case of chemical equipment find that the the subsystem database of failure analysis case data can be divided into three categories: form, material and equipment type, which can be incorporated into the database of the subsystem of failure analysis case data to provide the relevant reference for the failure analysis.
    keywords: analysis; case; chemical; data; equipment; failure; information; number; test; text; type
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        item: #4353 of 7527
          id: cet-2804
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 001.docx
        date: 2018-07-24
       words: 3582
      flesch: 44
     summary: This study is carried out with a view to understanding the processing and recognition technique of icing transmission line images. To deal with the icing on transmission lines, it is necessary to distinguish the thickness of icing.
    keywords: algorithm; ice; icing; image; line; method; point; transmission; transmission lines
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        item: #4354 of 7527
          id: cet-2805
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 001.docx
        date: 2018-07-24
       words: 3366
      flesch: 38
     summary: To realize accurate prediction of man-hours for chemical project design, this paper first analyzes the design management flow and design features. Method The man-hours required for chemical project design is closely related to the management flow and design features.
    keywords: algorithm; chemical; design; equipment; hours; man; prediction; project; time; work
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        item: #4355 of 7527
          id: cet-2806
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 001.docx
        date: 2018-07-24
       words: 3850
      flesch: 46
     summary: The United States combined ground penetrating radar and FWD technology to detect the technical performance of material characteristics of road pavement structure. In Finland, the ground penetrating radar was used to detect the thickness of road pavement structure and detect the corresponding experimental data (Zhao et al., 2013).
    keywords: asphalt; cement; constant; detection; dielectric; dielectric constant; ground; pavement; radar; road; structure
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        item: #4356 of 7527
          id: cet-2807
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 001.docx
        date: 2018-07-24
       words: 3562
      flesch: 44
     summary: Results and analysis 4.1 Error analysis index of power load prediction Since the load prediction value is an estimate of the future operation, error is inevitable, especially the errors from the real value. The accuracy of power load forecasting is not only a powerful guarantee for the operation of power system security operation, but also one of the symbols of whether a country's electric power is modernized or not.
    keywords: data; forecasting; load; model; network; neural; power; prediction; wavelet
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        item: #4357 of 7527
          id: cet-2808
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 001.docx
        date: 2018-07-24
       words: 3380
      flesch: 32
     summary: With this technology, some scholars have built a smart grinding cloud platform; some also have established a set of coal production process supervision system In this context, this paper, with reference to domestic and foreign literature and based on relevant experience, makes use of cloud computing technology to build a chemical process virtualization plant with meta service resource layer, logical service resource layer, and application service resource layer for the implementation. With reference to domestic and foreign literature, we build a chemical process virtualization plant with cloud computing in light of relevant experience, followed by meta service resource layer, logical service resource layer, and application service resource layer as built therein.
    keywords: chemical; cloud; computing; layer; plant; process; resources; service; system; technology
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        item: #4358 of 7527
          id: cet-2809
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 001.docx
        date: 2018-07-24
       words: 3915
      flesch: 35
     summary: To study the application of data mining technology in chemical engineering optimization, the data mining technology was adopted in this paper to discretize and analyze the experimental data. It was then concluded that the application of data mining technology in chemical engineering optimization, far from unrealistic, can greatly improve economic benefits for the company, for which it can be highly promoted and widely applied.
    keywords: chemical; data; data mining; method; mining; model; network; neural; process; rate; technology
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        item: #4359 of 7527
          id: cet-281
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 211.docx
        date: 2017-10-04
       words: 3768
      flesch: 55
     summary: Solution method The MOO method proposed in this work is an adaptation of a meta-heuristic approach over the well studied ε- constraint method (Ehrgott, 2005). Following, once the method is able to find one solution that satisfy ε value, the search rules are changed, and cost optimal solutions are sought.
    keywords: costs; exchanger; heat; hen; method; optimal; optimization; solutions; synthesis
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        item: #4360 of 7527
          id: cet-2810
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 001.docx
        date: 2018-07-24
       words: 3517
      flesch: 43
     summary: It is a new generation of automation control system after the base regulator, pneumatic/electric unit combination meter, direct digital control system (DDC) and supervisory computer control system (SCC). One simple DLL project sample was generated in VC, to read the contents of port 300H, and add the content at the end of sample.cpp, as shown in Figure 4. Figure 4: Chemical production monitoring system control interface At the same time, DEF defined the exit of the function in the file, that is, to define the function that can be called by other applications.
    keywords: chemical; computing; control; kernel; monitoring; platform; process; production; system; tpm
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        item: #4361 of 7527
          id: cet-2811
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 001.docx
        date: 2018-07-24
       words: 3628
      flesch: 37
     summary: The main manufacturers of DCS control systems are concentrated in the United States, Germany, Japan, and other countries, such as Honeywell’s TDC300O\MICRO, TDC3000X, Foxboro’s I/A Series, and Westinghouse’s WDPF, Yokogawa's CENTUM CS, Germany's Siemens's TELEPERM and SIPAOS 200 and ABB's MOD300. Copyright © 2018, AIDIC Servizi S.r.l. ISBN 978-88-95608-63-1; ISSN 2283-9216 Study on Wireless Communication Distributed Control System in Chemical Production Process Control Fangni Chen School of Information and Electronic Engineering, Zhejiang University of Science and Technology, Hangzhou 310023, China fangnichen2783@163.com To understand the control of wireless communication distributed control system in chemical production.
    keywords: chemical; chip; communication; control; control system; dcs; module; network; process; production; system; wireless
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        item: #4362 of 7527
          id: cet-2812
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 001.docx
        date: 2018-07-24
       words: 3421
      flesch: 31
     summary: Digital image measurement method was mainly used for displacement measurement of rigid body in initial development period, and under rapid development of modern technologies, application of digital image technology is unceasingly expanding and measurement level is also increasingly improved. Literature review Since the 1980s, Professors Peters and Ranson of the University of South Carolina have been leading the way in the study of digital image correlation methods.
    keywords: accuracy; algorithm; correlation; displacement; image; material; measurement; method; test
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        item: #4363 of 7527
          id: cet-2813
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 001.docx
        date: 2018-07-24
       words: 3695
      flesch: 42
     summary: According to the prediction of technology development, oil submersible pumps will be used more widely in the future. Please cite this article as: Lu L., 2018, Ant colony algorithm based prediction model for signal reconstruction fluctuation operating state parameters of submarine oil pumps, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 66, 925-930 DOI:10.3303/CET1866155 925 pumping equipment with large displacement lifting oil.
    keywords: algorithm; ant; fluctuation; oil; prediction; pump; reconstruction; signal; submersible
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        item: #4364 of 7527
          id: cet-2814
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 001.docx
        date: 2018-07-24
       words: 3804
      flesch: 45
     summary: As the explosion-proof safety level of a coal mine robot has not yet reached the level of intrinsic safety “ia” and it cannot work in a dangerous gas distribution area, therefore, path planning methods for coal mine robot to avoid the dangerous area of gas are necessary. Then, it is recommended that the control systems of coal mine robots which have been developed in China and its advantages and disadvantages are analyzed.
    keywords: coal; control; data; network; protocol; remote; rescue; robot; system; tcp; transmission
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        item: #4365 of 7527
          id: cet-2815
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 001.docx
        date: 2018-07-24
       words: 3697
      flesch: 49
     summary: Considering the real-time and complexity of pipeline network computing, in this paper, the author studies the distributed real-time computing and application of chemical pipeline network based on Hadoop. The author carries out a study on distributed real-time computing and application of chemical pipeline network based on Hadoop.
    keywords: chemical; computing; flow; network; pipeline; pipeline network; simulation; system; time; value
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        item: #4366 of 7527
          id: cet-2816
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 001.docx
        date: 2018-07-24
       words: 3574
      flesch: 40
     summary: Data acquisition systems are an extremely useful form of educational technology that can be used alone or in conjunction with other technologies to bring about active learning and enable students to move beyond memorization to the verification strategies and knowledge base they need to successfully master chemistry concepts. This article describes the use of data acquisition systems and analysis software in combination with other technologies such as electronic response systems and online video.
    keywords: acquisition; chemical; data; data acquisition; equipment; monitoring; network; sensor; signal; system; technology
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        item: #4367 of 7527
          id: cet-2817
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 001.docx
        date: 2018-07-24
       words: 3215
      flesch: 34
     summary: , AIDIC Servizi S.r.l. ISBN 978-88-95608-63-1; ISSN 2283-9216 Research on Parameter Identification Method for Hydrostatic Guideway Joint Based on Frequency Response Function Pengfei Wua,b, Feng Gaob a. Key Lab. of NC Machine Tools and Integrated Manufacturing Equipment of the Education Ministry & Key Lab of Manufacturing Equipment of Shaanxi Province, Xi'an University of Technology, Xi’an 710048, China b.Sichuan college of Architectural Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Deyang 618000, Sichuan, China pengfeiwu28391@126.com Research the application of hydrostatic guideway in the field of modern ultra-precision machining technology. According to the results of stimulation research, it can be confirmed that the optimization design of hydrostatic guideway is a practicable improvement plan.
    keywords: analysis; deformation; figure; force; grinding; guideway; hydrostatic; improvement; method
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        item: #4368 of 7527
          id: cet-2818
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 001.docx
        date: 2018-07-24
       words: 3478
      flesch: 38
     summary: Applying this feature transference approach on Convolutional Neural Network and Stacked Denoising Autoencoder on four different DOI: 10.3303/CET1866160 Please cite this article as: Ding X., 2018, Application of improved deep neural network in complex chemical soft measurement, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 66, 955-960 DOI:10.3303/CET1866160 955 mailto:xilongding23189@126.com datasets, they achieved lower classification error rate with significant reduction in computation time with lower- layer features trained in supervised way and higher-layer features trained in unsupervised way for classifying images of uppercase and lowercase letters dataset (Kandaswamy, 2014). , AIDIC Servizi S.r.l. ISBN 978-88-95608-63-1; ISSN 2283-9216 Application of Improved Deep Neural Network in Complex Chemical Soft Measurement Xilong Ding Weifang University of Science and Technology, Shandong 262700, China xilongding23189@126.com To improve the application effect of deep neural network in complex chemical soft measurement.
    keywords: algorithm; filter; kalman; measurement; method; network; prediction; results; training
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        item: #4369 of 7527
          id: cet-2819
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 001.docx
        date: 2018-07-24
       words: 3769
      flesch: 41
     summary: An improved chaos particle swarm optimization algorithm is proposed on path planning for unmanned aerial vehicle to overcome the inadequacy of particle swarm optimization algorithm, which falls into local optimum easily and converges slowly in process with poor precision. In this paper, according to rough shortest path, improved particle swarm algorithm and least squares method were used for optimizing the initial reference path.
    keywords: algorithm; network; optimization; particle; particle swarm; path; planning; swarm; uav
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        item: #4370 of 7527
          id: cet-282
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 211.docx
        date: 2017-10-04
       words: 3075
      flesch: 50
     summary: Table 3: Thermodynamic specification of ORC designed for heat recovery from gas compressor stations ∆Tmin 10 °C 15 °C 20 °C 25 °C 30 °C C a s e 1 Mass flow of oil (kg/s) 73.00 72.60 72.26 72.14 71.85 Temperature of stack (°C) 171.2 177.5 184.1 191.1 198.7 Mass flow of working fluid (kg/s) 38.00 36.72 35.43 34.12 32.80 Power of ORC (MW) 4.54 4.32 4.11 3.90 3.70 Power of pump (kW) 176 170 164 158 152 ORC’s thermal efficiency (%) 24.6 23.9 23.3 21.6 20.1 C a s e 2 Mass flow of oil (kg/s) 81.00 79.30 77.80 76.20 74.76 Temperature of stack (°C) 171.2 177.5 184.1 191.1 198.7 Mass flow of working fluid (kg/s) 42.15 40.15 38.12 36.00 33.90 Power of ORC (MW) 5.00 4.70 4.40 4.10 3.80 Power of pump (kW) 195 186 176 167 157 ORC’s thermal efficiency (%) 23.5 22.8 22.2 21.5 20.7 C a s e 3 Mass flow of oil (kg/s) 192.00 190.80 190.10 190.00 189.00 Temperature of stack (°C) 171.2 177.5 184.1 191.2 197.7 Mass flow of working fluid (kg/s) 192.0 190.8 190.1 190.0 189.0 Power of ORC (MW) 11.90 11.37 10.80 10.28 9.73 Power of pump (kW) 462 447 432 416 400 ORC’s thermal efficiency (%) 23.7 22.9 22.2 21.6 20.9 C a s e 4 Mass flow of oil (kg/s) 133.5 132.9 132.6 132.0 131.8 Temperature of stack (°C) 171.2 177.5 184.1 191.2 198.7 Mass flow of working fluid (kg/s) 69.4 67.2 65.0 62.77 60.53 Power of ORC (MW) 8.30 7.90 7.54 7.10 6.80 Power of pump (kW) 321 311 301 290 280 ORC’s thermal efficiency (%) 23.7 22.9 22.2 21.3 20.9 1390 Table 4: Results of economic analysis of ORC for heat recovery from gas compressor stations ∆Tmin 10 °C 15 °C 20 °C 25 °C 30 °C C a s e 1 Total cost ($) 7,398,090 6,683,250 6,210,750 5,839,050 5,507,250 Annual income ($/y) 1,644,000 1,554,000 1,552,000 1,536,000 1,508,000 Payback time (y) 4.50 4.30 4.00 3.80 3.65 C a s e 2 Total cost ($) 10,522,050 9,507,750 8,753,850 8,362,200 7,595,700 Annual income ($/y) 1,954,000 1,818,000 1,750,000 1,742,000 1,616,000 Payback time (y) 5.38 5.23 5.00 4.80 4.70 C a s e 3 Total cost ($) 15,342,600 13,976,550 13,198,500 12,409,950 11,667,600 Annual income ($/y) 4,614,000 4,508,000 4,399,500 4,279,000 4,167,000 Payback time (y) 3.33 3.10 3.00 2.90 2.80 C a s e 4 Total cost ($) 11,608,000 10,503,000 9,780,000 9,232,000 8,741,000 Annual income ($/y) 2,831,000 2,693,000 2,716,000 2,637,000 2,648,000 Payback time (y) 4.10 3.90 3.60 3.50 3.30 a) ORC’s power in ∆Tmin= 20 °C and different turbine load b) ORC’s power in turbine load =100 % and different ∆Tmin c) Correction factor of ORC’s power in ∆Tmin= 20 °C and different turbine load d) Correction factor of ORC’s power in turbine load =100 % and different ∆Tmin Figure 5: Investigating the influence of turbine load and ∆Tmin on the ORC’s power Table 5: Correction factors’ correlation of ORC’s power Fload,w F∆Tmin,w ẆORC,base Case 1 Fload,w = 0.0092×Load(%)+0.0573 F∆Tmin,w = -0.0103×∆Tmin+1.207 4.29 MW Case 2 Fload,w = 0.0083×Load(%)+0.1389 F∆Tmin,w = -0.0138×∆Tmin+1.2761 4.64 MW Case 3 Fload,w = 0.0078×Load(%)+0.2074 F∆Tmin,w = -0.0096×∆Tmin+1.1872 11.28 MW Case 4 Fload,w = 0.0073×Load(%)+0.253 F∆Tmin,w = -0.0098×∆Tmin+1.1969 7.86 MW Table 6: Results of verifying Eq(6) under the condition of turbine load = 70 % and ∆Tmin = 30 °C ẆORC,Simulated(MW) ẆORC,model(MW)
    keywords: compressor; energy; gas; heat; orc; power; recovery; turbine
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        item: #4371 of 7527
          id: cet-2820
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 001.docx
        date: 2018-07-24
       words: 3118
      flesch: 33
     summary: For the large production and manufacturing enterprises in China, the scale is larger and the development is very fast, so the related DOI: 10.3303/CET1866162 Please cite this article as: Tang G., Zeng H., 2018, Chemical production information management system based on artificial intelligence neural network algorithm, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 66, 967-972 DOI:10.3303/CET1866162 967 information construction is carried out, and the production management system suitable for the development of the enterprise is basically established. 3.2 Evolutionary neural networks The learning network obtained combining genetic algorithm with neural network learning is called Genetic Neural Network (CNN).
    keywords: development; information; learning; management; network; neural; process; production; system
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        item: #4372 of 7527
          id: cet-2821
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 001.docx
        date: 2018-07-24
       words: 3764
      flesch: 28
     summary: In the chemical enterprise, a series of functions Internet of things system, such as equipment state monitoring, data interconnection and intercommunication and automatic analysis, accident rapid warning and emergency intelligent decision making are set up in chemical enterprises. Due to the large number of nodes, mobility and extensibility of outdoor wireless sensor monitoring system, the wireless sensor network is chosen to realize data transmission.
    keywords: chemical; data; information; internet; management; monitoring; monitoring system; production; system; technology; things
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        item: #4373 of 7527
          id: cet-2822
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 001.docx
        date: 2018-07-24
       words: 3832
      flesch: 32
     summary: Online corrosion monitoring is developing rapidly as the technology of continuous measurement of corrosion rate and some parameters related to corrosion rate. The purpose of this study is to analyze and study the development and application of corrosion monitoring and management systems for chemical equipment.
    keywords: chemical; corrosion; corrosion monitoring; equipment; management; monitoring; q345r; rate; scc; sensitivity; technology
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        item: #4374 of 7527
          id: cet-2823
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 001.docx
        date: 2018-07-24
       words: 3940
      flesch: 38
     summary: The analytic results for different kinds of stones were as Table 1. Table 1: Analysis of different types of stones Classification of stone Actual CT value Operation times Test value High density stone 197.3 58.17 12 134.2 14.9 Low density stone -20.16 11.38 13 -27.3 14.78 Medium density stone 159.47 79.23 5 16.67 5.36 3.4 Results The measurement result of the chemical components of stone samples in surgery was: twelve cases of mainly calcium oxalate, five cases of calcium phosphate, five cases of uric acid, five cases of magnesium ammonium phosphate and three cases of cystine. Largo and others believed that the NCHCT value can predict the clearance of ESWL for urinary calculi, and the success rate of lithotripsy in low CT stones is much higher than those of high CT (Largo et al., 2016).
    keywords: calculi; chemical; components; ct value; image; processing; stones; value
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        item: #4375 of 7527
          id: cet-2824
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 001.docx
        date: 2018-07-24
       words: 3560
      flesch: 42
     summary: Therefore, based on the above research status, a set of sewage treatment monitoring system is designed and developed for sewage treatment process and plant layout. Through the optimal design of DCS structure and communication network level in sewage treatment system with PLC as platform, a better sewage monitoring effect has been achieved.
    keywords: control; equipment; monitoring; plc; process; room; sewage; sewage treatment; station; system; treatment
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        item: #4376 of 7527
          id: cet-2825
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 001.docx
        date: 2018-07-24
       words: 3741
      flesch: 43
     summary: the OR method adopted herein gives the flexible cost formulas at each stage to provide a basis for chemical companies to develop the future strategies, so that they can correctly make flexible cost strategies to maximize the efficiency. 3. Decision model for flexible cost This model is proposed by Schober and Gebauer based on the basic investment cost model for information systems, given the impact of the SLA flexibility requirements and machine-enhanced learning feedback of CCS architecture.
    keywords: architecture; cloud; cloud computing; computing system; cost; flexibility; flexible; system
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        item: #4377 of 7527
          id: cet-2826
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 001.docx
        date: 2018-07-24
       words: 3386
      flesch: 35
     summary: To this end, a comprehensive analysis for the existing integrated environment method of chemical engineering software and its actual use was conducted, and then by combining the characteristics of Windows with the conventional methods in the management of application programs, the study was conducted for the integration strategy of software application in the system environment. Thus, software integration has emerged as a new type of software development in the current social and economic development process, which has attracted the attention of scholars in many fields.
    keywords: chemical; data; database; engineering; environment; integration; interface; simulation; software; system
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        item: #4378 of 7527
          id: cet-2827
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 001.docx
        date: 2018-07-24
       words: 2757
      flesch: 45
     summary: Firstly, this paper introduces the classification and implementation of chemical reaction optimization algorithm. NO YES Preserving the optimal solution Global optimal solution YES NO Figure 1: The flow chart of CRO 1011 Generally speaking, the whole process of chemical reaction optimization algorithm can be divided into three parts, and they are respectively the initialization of molecular structure, molecular collision and validation of collision result.
    keywords: algorithm; chemical; collision; optimization; reaction
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        item: #4379 of 7527
          id: cet-2828
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 001.docx
        date: 2018-07-24
       words: 3182
      flesch: 26
     summary: This study analyzes the emergency management informationization, explores the current problems of emergency management and the direction of future development, and specifically proposes the construction content and construction plan of the intelligent emergency management information system for petroleum and petrochemical enterprises, which mainly consist of four modules, including on-site monitoring, emergency plan, alarm and command, emergency response, and the corresponding sub-modules. Petroleum and petrochemical enterprises lack specialization and less effectiveness in the formulation of emergency plans.
    keywords: alarm; emergency; information; management; monitoring; plan; response; site; system; time
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        item: #4380 of 7527
          id: cet-2829
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 001.docx
        date: 2018-07-24
       words: 3057
      flesch: 55
     summary: Underground electric field built by resistivity method satisfies the differential equation (Price, 1979; Qian et al., 1995; Sasaki, 1989, 1992): ∇ In relation to the position of low resistance model, the imaging range exceeds a lot, while the Cholesky has a more accurate imaging position for the low resistance object, close to the size of the low resistance model.
    keywords: matrix; method; model; object; reconstruction; resistance; resistivity
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        item: #4381 of 7527
          id: cet-283
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 211.docx
        date: 2017-10-04
       words: 3737
      flesch: 53
     summary: Billaud J., Valin S., Ratel G., Peyrot M., Weiland F., Hedman H., Salvador S., 2016, Biomass gasification in entrained flow reactor: influence of wood particle size, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 50, 37-42. When gasification air is fed with the fuel into the reactor, the endothermic reaction of air and carbon occurs first (e.g. Boudouard equilibrium C+CO2→2CO), and the CO in a gaseous state produced from the fuel reacts with the residuals causing next reactions (e.g. water gas shift C+ H2O→CO+ H2).
    keywords: air; air ratio; biomass; content; energy; gasification; hermaphrodita; miscanthus; process; ratio; sida
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        item: #4382 of 7527
          id: cet-2830
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 001.docx
        date: 2018-07-24
       words: 2856
      flesch: 26
     summary: Integrated system of chemical separation process and examples 4.1 Separation process tuning and thermal integration (SELECT) Separation point sorting module (SYN_FL) Separation process tuning module (EVOL) Figure 6: SEPSES main module composition Artificial intelligence technology has been applied in chemical separation process, separation tuning, and separation integration.
    keywords: chemical; components; problem; process; rules; separation; separation process; system; technology; tuning
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        item: #4383 of 7527
          id: cet-2831
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 001.docx
        date: 2018-07-24
       words: 2522
      flesch: 34
     summary: At present, studies of chemical source positioning (Li, 2006) are mostly on single robot finding single chemical source, but as the complexity of the environment increases, the characteristics of low chemical source positioning efficiency and small search range of single robot can no longer satisfy the difficult and wide-ranged searching tasks, therefore, before chemical sources cause greater harm to the environment, rapid positioning and timely control are the research focus of chemical source positioning, and studies of multi-robot chemical source positioning have important practical significance. The leakage of harmful chemical sources will cause great harm to the environment and human beings; therefore, it is of great social significance to use intelligent mobile robots to achieve accurate and rapid positioning and control of chemical sources.
    keywords: chemical; environment; gso; positioning; robot; source
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        item: #4384 of 7527
          id: cet-2832
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 001.docx
        date: 2018-07-24
       words: 3505
      flesch: 50
     summary: In order to measure the influence of the blending time to the fluidity of MA asphalt mixture in details and quantity, we adopted the target gradation composition as said previously and mixed asphalt, mineral powder and fine aggregate proportionally to put them in the small cooker equipment. It means that stirring temperature is a significant factor that will affect the fluidity of MA asphalt mixture (Tian et al., 2012).
    keywords: asphalt; asphalt mixture; cooker; fluidity; mixing; mixture; temperature; time
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        item: #4385 of 7527
          id: cet-2833
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 001.docx
        date: 2018-07-24
       words: 2528
      flesch: 48
     summary: Xiao J., Gou C.F., 2010, Over view of there search for concrete carbonation, Concrete, 1, 40-44. It obtains the dynamic mechanics performance parameters, including impact compressive strength and dynamic increase factor (DIF), of the concrete of different strength grades at different ages under different strain rates.
    keywords: carbonation; concrete; impact; rate; strain; strength; test
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        item: #4386 of 7527
          id: cet-2834
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 001.docx
        date: 2018-07-24
       words: 2651
      flesch: 49
     summary: Besides, the cracks in ordinary concrete column were initiated locally and did not propagate as those in HTCC column. Furthermore, the skeleton curve of ordinary concrete column was steeper than that of HTCC column in the early phase of loading, indicating that the ordinary concrete column enjoyed greater stiffness than the HTCC column at that time.
    keywords: column; compression; concrete; htcc; load; loading; ratio
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        item: #4387 of 7527
          id: cet-2835
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 001.docx
        date: 2018-07-24
       words: 2829
      flesch: 51
     summary: Laboratory opening project of Hebei University (sy201677) References Amin N., SamaliB., VessalasK., 2013, Effect of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) fibre on dynamic and material properties of fibre reinforced concrete, Construction and Building Materials, 49, 374-383, DOI: 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2013.08.035 Deng Z.C., Xue H.Q., Li P.Y., 2007, Flexural Toughness of Polyvinyl Alcohol(PVA) The PVA fibre-reinforced concrete can be obtained by incorporating PVA fibres into concrete at a certain proportion.
    keywords: bonding; concrete; fibre; pva; specimens; strength; tensile
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        item: #4388 of 7527
          id: cet-2836
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 001.docx
        date: 2018-07-24
       words: 3666
      flesch: 43
     summary: al. (2013) demonstrated that the addition of oxygen, benzene ring and oxyethyl group can enhance the polarity of surfactant, which, in turn, enhances the interactions between the head groups of surfactants and water molecules. For example, Reference (Berendsen et al., 1981) simulates water molecules with single-point charge model, and Reference (Oostenbrink et al., 2004) models Span 80 and decane by GROMACS 96 force field.
    keywords: electric; field; groups; hydrogen; molecules; simulation; span; surfactant; water
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        item: #4389 of 7527
          id: cet-2837
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 001.docx
        date: 2018-07-24
       words: 3811
      flesch: 44
     summary: Liu X.B., Li Y., 2005, Selection of tunnel construction grouting material, Highway Tunnel, 51(3), 32–34. Introduction The engineering structures of Taishan water tunnel in nuclear power plant is located between the land area Yaoguju and Dajin Island (crossing the sea tunnel).
    keywords: fiber; grouting; material; mortar; performance; shield; slurry; strength; tunnel; water
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        item: #4390 of 7527
          id: cet-2838
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 001.docx
        date: 2018-07-24
       words: 3240
      flesch: 45
     summary: Water pressure（MPa） Volume of carban… 1079 4 Conclusions By using the orthogonal test method, this paper designs the mix proportion of carbon fibre reinforced concrete, analyzes the effects of carbon fibre content, methylcellulose, and silica fume on the impermeability of concrete, and obtained the order of all factors in terms of their effects on impermeability, which is: carbon fibre content>silica fume>methylcellulose>carbon fibre length. This also shows that with the increase of carbon fibre content, the dispersibility of methylcellulose on carbon fibre was weakened.
    keywords: carbon; carbon fibre; concrete; content; fibre; impermeability; silica; test
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        item: #4391 of 7527
          id: cet-2839
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 001.docx
        date: 2018-07-24
       words: 2708
      flesch: 52
     summary: Yu W. Y., Sun L., Wu C. L., Shao C.H., 2014, Study for frost resistance of cement concrete pavement with nanosio2 as admixture, Advanced Materials Research, 952, 47-50, DOI: 10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.952.47. Zhou J.M., Hao R.X., 2012, Effect of shrinkage reducing admixture on properties of pumping concrete, Advanced Materials Research, 472-475, 565-569, DOI: 10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.472-475.565 1086 DOI: 10.18280/mmep.030305 Wang Z.J., Liang J.B., 2012, Research and applying evolution of admixture for high performance concrete, Applied Mechanics & Materials, 174-177, 1086-1089, DOI: 10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.174-177.1086.
    keywords: caco3; cement; concrete; days; doi; sio2; strength
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        item: #4392 of 7527
          id: cet-284
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 211.docx
        date: 2017-10-04
       words: 3439
      flesch: 36
     summary: Also, trade-offs between energy and investment costs of heat- integrated MEES are explored for different numbers of evaporation effects in order to determine the optimum number of effects. As a result, the overall consumption of energy can be significantly reduced; however, investment costs increase when adding evaporation effects.
    keywords: cost; effect; energy; evaporation; feed; heat; mees; process; streams; system
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        item: #4393 of 7527
          id: cet-2840
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 001.docx
        date: 2018-07-24
       words: 2568
      flesch: 52
     summary: , AIDIC Servizi S.r.l. ISBN 978-88-95608-63-1; ISSN 2283-9216 Impact of Water Reducing Agent on Concrete Strength Zhenghe Yana, Qizhi Zhangb * a Zhumadian City Construction Engineering Quality Supervision Station, Zhumadian 463000,China b Huanghuai University, Zhumadian 463000,China 20070359@huanghuai.edu.cn In this paper, the effect of the type and amount of water reducing agent on the rheological parameters of concrete was determined by a high-precision rheological meter, and the Bingham equation was fitted. Water reducing agent can be used to improve the strength of concrete, because the addition of water reducing agent can reduce the water-cement ratio of concrete, from the water-cement ratio, we see that the concrete strength will increase as the water-cement ratio increases.
    keywords: agent; cement; concrete; fdn; slump; strength; water
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        item: #4394 of 7527
          id: cet-2841
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 001.docx
        date: 2018-07-24
       words: 3167
      flesch: 46
     summary: Based on the existing research of Koyna dam seismic damage, this paper discusses the influence to seismic damage characteristics of Koyna dam caused by the nonlinear foundation rock material and comparing the dam damage results between different foundation models. The foundation adopts the elasticity model, the foundation does not have the damage, only the dam body produces the damage; the D-P model is based on the plastic microscopic phenomenon, D-P model is based on the plastic micro-phenomenon, cannot reflect the rock material due to crack opening and closing caused by changes in intensity, therefore, the damage dissipation due to foundation damage is smaller than that of the ground nonlinear model.
    keywords: concrete; damage; earthquake; figure; foundation; model; system
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        item: #4395 of 7527
          id: cet-2842
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 001.docx
        date: 2018-07-24
       words: 3269
      flesch: 55
     summary: Shear span ratio is still the dominant factor that affects the failure mode and load capacity of recycled concrete beams. In the end, this paper proposes the computation formula for the ultimate flexural and shear capacities of recycled concrete beams, which provides a reference for further exploration and application of recycled concrete in structures.
    keywords: aggregate; beams; concrete; failure; ratio; shear; span; test
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        item: #4396 of 7527
          id: cet-2843
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 001.docx
        date: 2018-07-24
       words: 2740
      flesch: 34
     summary: The weight of each evaluation index is shown in Table 4. Table 4: Weight of performance evaluation index of farmland water conservancy project assessment object weight index weight element weight Implementation 0.0780 finacial index 0.05858 the availability of funds 0.0269 the accomplishment of investment 0.01805 the allocation of funds 0.0081 grant and notes 0.0033 reports and 3.3 Calculation of evaluation index weight Invite five experts to determine the importance of each index, and then use Matlab to find the eigenvalues and eigenvectors of the elements to determine the weight of the indexes.
    keywords: conservancy; construction; evaluation; index; performance; project; technology; water
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        item: #4397 of 7527
          id: cet-2844
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 001.docx
        date: 2018-07-24
       words: 3189
      flesch: 57
     summary: From the test, the porosity variable influenced the effect of fiber reinforced soil cohesion, and porosity of soil should be considered in the engineering program of fiber reinforced soil. Direct shear strength test was conducted on fiber soil specimens with different fiber lengths (3mm, 6mm, 9mm and 12mm) and results were compared with the direct shear test results of plain soil.
    keywords: cohesion; fiber; porosity; shear; soil; strength
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        item: #4398 of 7527
          id: cet-2845
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 001.docx
        date: 2018-07-24
       words: 2789
      flesch: 49
     summary: Figure 2: Stress-strain relationship of Pinching4 material model 3.2 Element type and model establishment OpenSees provides three macro elements of beam columns: Displacement-Based Beam-Column Element, Nonlinear Beam Column Element and Beam With Hinges Element. Based solely on material nonlinearity, the stiffness matrix of Displacement-Based Beam-Column Element can be expressed as: (7) where [B(x)] is interpolating function of element displacement; [k(x)]s is the tangent stiffness matrix of the section.
    keywords: bars; beam; concrete; element; load; loading; model; specimens
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        item: #4399 of 7527
          id: cet-2846
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 001.docx
        date: 2018-07-24
       words: 3277
      flesch: 46
     summary: 2.3 Boundary Constraints Condition and Simulation Capacity Load Table 2: Simulation Parameters of 1# and 2# Pile Number of pile plates n 1 Height of pile plates H 836 Cohesion of the soil around the pile c 0.000000174 The distance of the pile from the end of the pile L2 3440 Increasing coefficient γ 1.1 ƒ end 0.0005 Table 3: Simulation parameters of 3# and 4# pile Number of pile plates n 1 Height of pile plates H 1427 Cohesion of the soil around the pile c 0.000000174 Bearing capacity to expand the diameter of the plate D 2000
    keywords: bearing; cep; end; figure; pile; plate; soil; stress
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        item: #4400 of 7527
          id: cet-2847
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 001.docx
        date: 2018-07-24
       words: 4092
      flesch: 47
     summary: Plate slope angle θ (°) Overhang diameter R0 (mm) Test parameters 20 220 80 32 28° 30 Simulation parameters 500 6700 2000 800 28° 750 Figure 1: Image of model piles in kind Figure 2: Image of soil loader design in kind The design principle of the soil loader is: satisfy the impact range of the compressive failure of CEP piles, satisfy the convenience of movement during the test, economic and reasonable production cost, the stiffness should meet the test requirements, and the boundary effect and other factors also needs to be taken into consideration. The coefficient is also related to the moisture content, and the specific value of the coefficient needs further study. 1131 3.2 Analysis of failure process of soil around the model pile with different moisture content In the following, we take No. b compressive pile as an example to observe the failure situation of the soil on the CEP pile, under the CEP pile and surround the CEP pile, the whole process of the soil failure is shown in Figure 5.
    keywords: bearing; failure; moisture content; pile; plate; silty sand; soil; test
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        item: #4401 of 7527
          id: cet-2848
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 001.docx
        date: 2018-07-24
       words: 2735
      flesch: 31
     summary: The study found that the incorporation of mineral materials can improve the properties of building materials in different degrees, and the calcium carbonate can be well combined with the building plastic door and window materials; the combination of kaolin, mica, barium sulfate, and wollastonite with waterproof coatings endows the waterproof coating with good overall performance; illite particles and the waterproof material matrix are ideally cemented, with fuzzy interface, and the overall morphology is presented in the felsitic texture; the interface of vitrified microbeads thermal insulation mortar is not obvious, indicating better thermal insulation effect. Introduction In recent years, with the demand for building materials increasing, various synthetic polymer resins and building chemicals have become more widely used in doors and windows, pipes, decoration, building waterproofing, and thermal insulation etc.
    keywords: building; chemical; coatings; insulation; materials; mineral; properties; sem; waterproof
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        item: #4402 of 7527
          id: cet-2849
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 001.docx
        date: 2018-07-24
       words: 2489
      flesch: 44
     summary: Fiber reinforced plastics have excellent physical and mechanical properties, good adhesion, heat resistance and corrosion resistance, and are very suitable for long-term use in the field of civil engineering (Song and Yin, 2016; Zheng et al., 2017), fiber-reinforced plastics as shown in Figure 1. Figure 4: The Axis strain vs Axis curves for specimen made with different fiber reinforced plastic 3.2 Influence of the number of package layers Figure 5: The Axis strain vs Axis curves for specimen made with different layers of fiber reinforced plastic 1144
    keywords: concrete; fiber; figure; plastic; reinforcement; specimen; strain
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        item: #4403 of 7527
          id: cet-285
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 211.docx
        date: 2017-10-04
       words: 3278
      flesch: 40
     summary: Process modelling description Simulation models for the calcination process using combustion of a predefined mixture of pet coke and biomass derived fuel, biomass gasification and biomass torrefaction process have been developed and validated using literature experimental data. The optimal solution of the linear program of Eq(1) - Eq(4) concluded in lower overall operating cost in the case of biomass torrefaction compared to that of biomass gasification.
    keywords: analysis; biomass; co2; coke; energy; fuel; gasification; process; quicklime; torrefaction
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        item: #4404 of 7527
          id: cet-2850
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 001.docx
        date: 2018-07-24
       words: 3314
      flesch: 51
     summary: Nogueira C.G., 2013, Material and geometric nonlinear analysis of reinforced concrete frame structures considering the influence of shear strength complementary mechanisms, Latin American Journal of Solids & Structures, 10(5), 953-980, DOI: 10.1590/S1679-78252013000500006 Mohr S., Bairán J.M., Marí A.R., 2011, A frame element model for the analysis of reinforced concrete structures under shear and bending, Engineering Structures, 32(12), 3936-3954. This paper briefly introduces the characteristics, research status and development trend of reinforced concrete structure, the significance of research on the force performance of joints and the research progress at home and abroad.
    keywords: beam; column; concrete; element; end; joints; node; plate; structure
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        item: #4405 of 7527
          id: cet-2851
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 001.docx
        date: 2018-07-24
       words: 2705
      flesch: 56
     summary: However, due to the differences between experimental simulation methods and actual engineering exposure conditions, it is still considered that the research status of concrete sulfate erosion is a “chaotic”. 2.2 The Definition Scope of Concrete Sulfate Erosion Researches on concrete sulfate erosion have focused on the second concept all the time, and the related mechanism for the chemical reaction between sulfate ions and cement hydration products have been obtained (Qian et al., 2016).
    keywords: chemical; concrete; erosion; products; sulfate
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        item: #4406 of 7527
          id: cet-2852
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 001.docx
        date: 2018-07-24
       words: 2733
      flesch: 33
     summary: The best thickness of polystyrene foam measures up the insulation layer for fabricated buildings. What are explained here include BIM technology principle, concept and feasibility of its application in fabricated building.
    keywords: application; bim; board; buildings; construction; design; management; polystyrene; project; technology
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        item: #4407 of 7527
          id: cet-2853
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 001.docx
        date: 2018-07-24
       words: 3579
      flesch: 60
     summary: Test results analysis show that the interfacial bond behavior of the CFST can be effectively improved, but in the aspect of changing the local maximum bonding stress of the interface, there is an optimum amount of expansion agent; the distribution curve of interfacial bond stress along the steel tube height 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 1.0 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8 2.0 τ u (M P a ) EA（ %） Test value Correction value 1169 Figure 7: Curve of interfacial bond stress as a function of specimen height x 4.
    keywords: agent; bond; concrete; end; expansion; load; steel; stress; test; tube
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        item: #4408 of 7527
          id: cet-2854
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 001.docx
        date: 2018-07-24
       words: 3969
      flesch: 49
     summary: The design improvement idea is to make concrete filled steel tube columns with preloaded concrete core. The results show that FRP winding can effectively limit the expansion of concrete filled steel tubes and delay the local buckling of steel tubes.
    keywords: cfst; concrete; deformation; heat; hydration; performance; sample; section; steel; steel tube; temperature
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        item: #4409 of 7527
          id: cet-2855
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 001.docx
        date: 2018-07-24
       words: 4043
      flesch: 47
     summary: Copyright © 2018, AIDIC Servizi S.r.l. ISBN 978-88-95608-63-1; ISSN 2283-9216 Experimental Study on Frost Resistance of Rammed Earth Building Materials Yuming Liang City college, Wuhan university of science and technology, Wuhan 430070, China yumingliang55463@163.com To study the freezing resistance of rammed earth building materials. On the other hand, the increasingly serious environmental pollution has become the main factor DOI: 10.3303/CET1866197 Please cite this article as: Liang Y., 2018, Experimental study on frost resistance of rammed earth building materials, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 66, 1177-1182 DOI:10.3303/CET1866197 1177 restricting the development of the global economy.
    keywords: absorption; building; earth; resistance; soil; specimen; test; thaw; water
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        item: #4410 of 7527
          id: cet-2856
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 001.docx
        date: 2018-07-24
       words: 3738
      flesch: 39
     summary: As can be seen from Figure 5, influenced by cooling water, the rise speed of concrete temperature slows down, and the temperature of concrete near the cooling water pipe drops sharply. After the cooling system is closed, the dropping trend of concrete temperature at each measuring point of the bearing platform slows down.
    keywords: bearing; concrete; heat; hydration; mass; measuring; point; stress; temperature
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        item: #4411 of 7527
          id: cet-2857
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 001.docx
        date: 2018-07-24
       words: 3675
      flesch: 38
     summary: Basic magnesium sulfate cement has relatively high concrete strength, with no significant corrosion in civil engineering buildings, and the member bearing capacity is in accordance with design requirements. Basic magnesium sulfate cement is one of important base materials in civil engineering construction, with research and application values.
    keywords: cement; chemical; concrete; corrosion; magnesium; magnesium sulfate; material; strength; sulfate; sulfate cement
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        item: #4412 of 7527
          id: cet-2858
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 001.docx
        date: 2018-07-24
       words: 3526
      flesch: 38
     summary: Therefore, to study the overall seismic performance of the Non-ductile Reinforced concrete frame structure before and after the FRP reinforcement, and to realize the seismic reinforcement design method for the whole structure, that is to solve the problem of determining the reinforcement position and the amount of reinforcement when the reinforced concrete frame structure is reinforced by FRP, and the push FRP used in the field of seismic reinforcement concrete structure is the key to sustainable development. Based on the section analysis of the limit state of reinforced concrete, Gholampour and Ozbakkaloglu proposed the calculation method of bending and shear bearing capacity of CFRP reinforced concrete column, but the method cannot be analysed in the whole process, which is mainly used to simplify the design (Gholampour and Ozbakkaloglu, 2017).
    keywords: cfrp; concrete; direction; frame; frp; model; reinforcement; structure
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        item: #4413 of 7527
          id: cet-2859
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 001.docx
        date: 2018-07-24
       words: 3877
      flesch: 38
     summary: Goli et al. used the surface free energy of asphalt and aggregates to analyze the relationship between the surface energy index and macroscopic indicators of asphalt mixture water stability. Its technical characteristics of reducing the mixing and compaction temperature of asphalt mixture make its water stability problem more complex than that of hot mix asphalt (HMA).
    keywords: asphalt; asphalt mixture; et al; fiber; mixture; performance; stability; test; water
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        item: #4414 of 7527
          id: cet-286
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 211.docx
        date: 2017-10-04
       words: 3539
      flesch: 42
     summary: Dynamic control system performance becomes an additional factor in determining the most suitable working medium for the given ORC system. An optimal model based control system can effectively alleviate the influence of exogenous disturbances and uncertainty from the changes in the operating specifications.
    keywords: conditions; control; fluid; mixtures; orc; performance; system; working
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        item: #4415 of 7527
          id: cet-2860
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 001.docx
        date: 2018-07-24
       words: 3595
      flesch: 36
     summary: Cherginets et al. used different proportions of magnesium oxide and phosphate to form acidic and alkaline cements to cure heavy metal contaminated soils (Cherginets et al., 2017); studies have shown that the pH value of phosphate solidified soil is 6-10, which is lower than that of Portland cement solidified soil. It has been reported at home and abroad that magnesium phosphate cement has been successfully used to solidify heavy metal contaminated soils.
    keywords: acid; cement; curing; leaching; magnesium; metal; phosphate; rain; soil
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        item: #4416 of 7527
          id: cet-2861
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 001.docx
        date: 2018-07-24
       words: 3776
      flesch: 46
     summary: This paper sets to analyze the application of coal liquefaction residue for the purpose of building waterproof replacing polyurethane waterproof coating. In conclusion, in terms of building waterproof, substituting coal liquefaction residue for group B in water proof coating improves the building waterproof performance.
    keywords: coal; coating; group; liquefaction; material; performance; polyurethane; residue; waterproof
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        item: #4417 of 7527
          id: cet-2862
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 001.docx
        date: 2018-07-24
       words: 3560
      flesch: 53
     summary: It is also the ratio of measured value and calculated value of single fiber reinforced bars. Based on the above research results, the stiffness, strength and elongation at break of single fiber reinforced bars can be improved by rational collocation of C and G hybrid fibers, which satisfies the practical engineering needs.
    keywords: bars; carbon; concrete; fatigue; fiber; frp; glass; strength; stress
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        item: #4418 of 7527
          id: cet-2863
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 001.docx
        date: 2018-07-24
       words: 3682
      flesch: 44
     summary: This paper is to explore the impact of particle ratio on cement-based materials by analyzing the density of mortar, distribution of cement particles and the pore structure of those materials. The results of the experiments show that the decrease of power consumption of cement grinding will increase the density of cement particles and further reduce the porosity between cement particles so as to improve the flexural strength of cement-based materials.
    keywords: cement; concrete; construction; distribution; grinding; management; materials; mortar; particle; system
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        item: #4419 of 7527
          id: cet-2864
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 001.docx
        date: 2018-07-24
       words: 3218
      flesch: 56
     summary: Figure 8: Photograph depicting failure and displacement in Medapalli opencast project Figure 9: Photograph depicting failure and displacement in Goutham Khani Opencast Project Based on slope profile, field observations and previous experiences of slope failures, it is found that slope angle, groundwater, weak strata like soil, and clay, and rainfall are the major influencing parameters for causing failure of pit slope at this mine. An analysis of the accidents in opencast mines revealed that slope failures have started assuming an upward trend in the recent times (DGMS Report, 2010).
    keywords: design; failure; mining; opencast; pit; slope; stability; water
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        item: #4420 of 7527
          id: cet-2865
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 001.docx
        date: 2018-07-24
       words: 3235
      flesch: 41
     summary: China’s infrastructure construction has maintained a rapid growth, and the demand for concrete admixtures has continued to flourish in railways, highways, airports, coal mines, municipal engineering, nuclear power plants, and dams. With the continuous development of the social economy, the building construction will gradually increase, and the production of concrete admixtures will enter a stage of rapid development.
    keywords: admixtures; antifreeze; cement; concrete; construction; freezing; strength; temperature; water
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        item: #4421 of 7527
          id: cet-2866
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 245.docx
        date: 2018-07-24
       words: 3155
      flesch: 50
     summary: 4. Concrete creep prediction model and analysis At present, domestic and foreign experts have put forward many concrete creep prediction models, among which the CEB-FIP series model, ACI series model, BP series model, BS series model, and GL2000 model have great influences and are widely used. The hydraulic tunnel lining structure is large in size, which is very different from the laboratory conditions, and we haven’t seen any published literatures that applied concrete creep prediction models to hydraulic tunnels yet.
    keywords: ceb; concrete; creep; fip; meter; model; strain; tunnel
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        item: #4422 of 7527
          id: cet-2867
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 001.docx
        date: 2018-07-24
       words: 2752
      flesch: 45
     summary: Based on the electrical, magnetic and physical properties of coal mine goaf, the paper proposes the comprehensive use of magnetic method and transient electromagnetic method to detect coal mine goaf. Primary methods include thermometry, magnetic method, resistivity measurement, gas measurement, transient electromagnetic method, geological radar detection method, remote sensing and radioactive radon detection.
    keywords: area; coal; electromagnetic; figure; goaf; magnetic; method; resistivity
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        item: #4423 of 7527
          id: cet-2868
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 001.docx
        date: 2018-07-24
       words: 2925
      flesch: 44
     summary: Figure 2: 3D map of electropneumatic valve location, (a) Lower valve seat, electropneumatic valve (b) Special valve seat for fixture (c) Location pin Composed of pneumatic circuit, valve body fixture and control circuit, this gauge can automatically complete the whole hermeticity detection on electropneumatic valve.
    keywords: air; clamping; detection; figure; hermeticity; leakage; pressure; sensor; system; valve
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        item: #4424 of 7527
          id: cet-2869
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 001.docx
        date: 2018-07-24
       words: 3661
      flesch: 54
     summary: The power electronic transformer is composed of the topology structure, which not only has high voltage and low voltage AC side, but also has high voltage and low voltage DC side. This topology could be connected to a variety of voltage levels, and could also DOI: 10.3303/CET1866211 Please cite this article as: Cao S., Li N., Yu N., 2018, Power electronic transformer control technology based on dsp, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 66, 1261-1266 DOI:10.3303/CET1866211 1261 achieve voltage drop compensation and reactive compensation (She et al., 2013).
    keywords: control; electronic; grid; level; phase; power; stage; system; transformer; voltage
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        item: #4425 of 7527
          id: cet-287
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 211.docx
        date: 2017-10-04
       words: 4147
      flesch: 27
     summary: It is therefore, quite important to incorporate process operability as an additional criterion during process design in order to ensure the achievable of the desirable dynamic performance. An attempt in the field of the simultaneous material selection and process design has been described by Papadopoulos et al. (2017).
    keywords: control; design; engineering; optimisation; performance; problem; process; selection; system
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        item: #4426 of 7527
          id: cet-2870
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 001.docx
        date: 2018-07-24
       words: 3718
      flesch: 52
     summary: This paper studies the optimization strategy of switched reluctance motor transient torque control, and also provides reference and help to the future research direction in this respect in China. Conclusions This study mainly analyzes the mathematical model of SRM control theory, introduces the principle and system structure of instantaneous torque control of SRM, and designs the torque distribution unit, the power converter unit and the power logic switch table.
    keywords: control; ditc; flux; motor; reluctance; speed; srm; torque; torque control
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        item: #4427 of 7527
          id: cet-2871
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 001.docx
        date: 2018-07-24
       words: 3525
      flesch: 42
     summary: Research method 3.1 Analysis on sensor deficiency Common deficiencies of MEMS sensor mainly include sensor noise and the limitations of Deep RIE. In this way the parameters of designed sensor can be tested to show whether they meet the improving requirements.
    keywords: capacitance; comb; detection; mems; micro; noise; sensor; technology
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        item: #4428 of 7527
          id: cet-2872
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 001.docx
        date: 2018-07-24
       words: 3633
      flesch: 39
     summary: Because the design of magnetic coupling coils will affect the performance of WPT, which is one of the core contents of the WPT system. The simulation modeling is conducted on the magnetic coupling coil before the optimization design and the modeling parameter should strictly follow the parameter of magnetic coupling coil.
    keywords: coil; coupling; coupling coil; distance; efficiency; power; system; technology; transmission; wpt
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        item: #4429 of 7527
          id: cet-2873
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 001.docx
        date: 2018-07-24
       words: 3349
      flesch: 36
     summary: The most successful cases of piezoelectric ceramics as driving elements are the development of all kinds of piezoelectric motors and piezoelectric actuators, and the most common one is piezoelectric motors. The development of piezoelectric motor experienced four stages: basic research, patent application, product development and industrial application.
    keywords: analysis; drive; drive system; hds; motor; piezoelectric; response; system; teeth
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        item: #4430 of 7527
          id: cet-2874
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 001.docx
        date: 2018-07-24
       words: 3544
      flesch: 39
     summary: While wind power brings a lot of benefits, it will also bring a lot of adverse effects, especially when the scale of wind power installed to a certain value may seriously affect the safe and stable operation of the power system, which will seriously restrict the development of wind power. James and others considered the power of wind power as a random variable, and its impact on the system was more reflected in the span of time.
    keywords: analysis; electric; energy; power; reliability; system; turbine; vehicles; wind; wind power
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        item: #4431 of 7527
          id: cet-2875
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 001.docx
        date: 2018-07-24
       words: 3919
      flesch: 45
     summary: However, the adjustment mode of the laser power supply of the analog control mode can only be manually adjusted, and can not be used for digital control or remote control by a computer, hence the laser power supply designed by this method has a low level of automation in industrial applications, which greatly limits the the application scope of semiconductor laser power supplies. By consulting relevant data on semiconductor lasers and grasping their work requirements for laser power supplies, in this paper, it considers the limitation of the power supply size in the practical application field of semiconductor laser power supply, and designs a dual-circuit semiconductor laser driving power source with small size, high integration and low ripple coefficient.
    keywords: circuit; current; laser; output; power; research; semiconductor; source; stability; supply
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        item: #4432 of 7527
          id: cet-2876
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 001.docx
        date: 2018-07-24
       words: 3675
      flesch: 35
     summary: Although the research on thermal infrared image processing algorithm started relatively late in China, it has developed rapidly in recent years. , AIDIC Servizi S.r.l. ISBN 978-88-95608-63-1; ISSN 2283-9216 Research on Infrared Image Segmentation of Electrical Equipment Based on Adaptive Ant Colony Algorithm Yong Hou Bengbu University, Anhui, 233030, China aspnetcs@163.com Carry out research on infrared image segmentation of electrical equipment on the basis of adaptive ant colony algorithm.
    keywords: algorithm; ant; colony; equipment; image; infrared; research; segmentation; thermal
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        item: #4433 of 7527
          id: cet-2877
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 001.docx
        date: 2018-07-24
       words: 3460
      flesch: 43
     summary: The research on electromechanical transmission system for heavy vehicles is rarely seen in the literature. Therefore, system control strategies can be efficiently developed and tested in this simulation architecture until the design requirements are met.
    keywords: control; drive; electric; mode; motor; power; system; torque; transmission; vehicle
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        item: #4434 of 7527
          id: cet-2878
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 001.docx
        date: 2018-07-24
       words: 3678
      flesch: 44
     summary: Vehicle braking dynamics and ECE regulations 3.1 Analysis of vehicle braking dynamics First of all, the braking dynamics of vehicles is analyzed. In the process of vehicle braking, the Cruise is used to establish the full vehicle model.
    keywords: braking; braking force; control; energy; motor; recovery; system; vehicle
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        item: #4435 of 7527
          id: cet-2879
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 001.docx
        date: 2018-07-24
       words: 3669
      flesch: 44
     summary: The properties of lithium titanate battery for rail transport in different states are tested based on OCV-SOC characteristic curve in order to achieve the homogeneity of rail transit facilities. It is concluded that the best voltage limits for floating charge are favorable for the charge and discharge control of lithium titanate battery in rail transit.
    keywords: batteries; battery; capacity; discharge; lithium; rate; soc; titanate; voltage
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        item: #4436 of 7527
          id: cet-288
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 211.docx
        date: 2017-10-04
       words: 2814
      flesch: 48
     summary: Instead, extractive distillation (ED) and pressure-swing distillation (PSD) have been widely applied for commercial separation of mixture of THF-water. In this paper, Aspen Plus simulator is used to simulate extractive distillation and pressure-swing distillation process for separation of mixture of THF-water.
    keywords: cost; distillation; mixture; pressure; separation; swing; thf; water
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        item: #4437 of 7527
          id: cet-2880
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 001.docx
        date: 2018-07-24
       words: 3709
      flesch: 41
     summary: The vacuum helium mass spectrometry automatic leak detection system can be divided into vacuum system, leak detection system, electrical control system, and human-computer interaction system. Using the leakage rate calculation of the helium pass spectrometer leak detection to analyze the detection sensitivity of automatic leak detection system and human-computer interaction system.
    keywords: control; detection; helium; leak; leak detection; leakage; mass; method; system; vacuum
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        item: #4438 of 7527
          id: cet-2881
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 001.docx
        date: 2018-07-24
       words: 3457
      flesch: 49
     summary: With the DOI: 10.3303/CET1866223 Please cite this article as: Wang W., 2018, Power load forecasting of general regression neural network based on particle swarm optimization, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 66, 1333-1338 DOI:10.3303/CET1866223 1333 continuous improvement of the electricity market, accurate short-term power load forecasting will equate to huge economic benefits. This is also the premise and basis for conducting power load forecasting (Oberfoell and Correia, 2016).
    keywords: forecasting; load; load forecasting; neural; optimization; power; power load; value
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        item: #4439 of 7527
          id: cet-2882
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 001.docx
        date: 2018-07-24
       words: 3430
      flesch: 49
     summary: Copyright © 2018, AIDIC Servizi S.r.l. ISBN 978-88-95608-63-1; ISSN 2283-9216 Research on Planning Method of Microgrid Energy Unit in Intelligent Districts Containing Electric Vehicles Considering CO2 Emission Ming Zenga, Tao Wanga, Yingxin Liua,*, Zhuhan Longa, Chenjun Sunb aState Key Laboratory for Alternate Electrical Power System With Renewable Energy Sources, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, China bState Grid Hebei Electric Power Company, Shijiazhuang 050000, China 2271616921@qq.com The coordinated planning operation of electric vehicles and microgrid considering CO2 emission is a key issue to promote the development of electric vehicle and microgrid. Case analysis Taking some intelligent districts in area A as an example, this paper uses the PSO-SA mixed algorithm, and combines the coordinated planning model of electric vehicle and intelligent district mentioned above to simulate the device’s capacity decision of the intelligent district after the integration of electric vehicles.
    keywords: algorithm; cost; electric; energy; planning; power; storage; vehicles
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        item: #4440 of 7527
          id: cet-2883
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 001.docx
        date: 2018-07-24
       words: 2448
      flesch: 35
     summary: DOI: 10.3303/CET1866225 Please cite this article as: Xu J., Xu H., 2018, Study on photoelectric properties of surface tio2 nanoparticles doped with sn4+ ion, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 66, 1345-1350 Interestingly, the sample at 600°C has completely transformed into the rutile phase, but the surface photovoltage intensity does not decrease and it is obvious that there is no mixed crystal effect at this time, which shows that the doping of tin ions may be the cause of the increase of surface photovoltage.
    keywords: nanoparticles; photovoltage; surface; tin; tio2; tio2 nanoparticles
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        item: #4441 of 7527
          id: cet-2884
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 001.docx
        date: 2018-07-24
       words: 3203
      flesch: 48
     summary: Figure 2: ATR-FTIR spectra of membrane surfaces (a) PP membrane, (b) PP-g-AA membrane, (c) PP membrane in MBR, (d) PP-g-AA membrane in MBR 3.3 Membrane morphology Figure 3: FESEM micrographs of membrane surface (a) unpolluted PP membrane; (b) unpolluted PP-g-AA membrane; (c) polluted PP membrane after physical backwashing; (d) polluted PP-g-AA membrane after physical backwashing; (e) polluted PP membrane after chemical backwashing; (f) polluted PP-g-AA membrane after chemical backwashing 1354 Figure 3 presents the FESEM micrographs of membrane surface. The term membrane fouling refers to the unwanted deposition of retained salts particles, colloids and macromolecules on membrane surface or in membranes pores (Ham et al., 2018).
    keywords: backwashing; chemical; fouling; membrane; paa; pollutants; surface
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        item: #4442 of 7527
          id: cet-2885
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 001.docx
        date: 2018-07-24
       words: 3863
      flesch: 55
     summary: Wang J.Q., Kong G., Fan J., 2008, Effect of antecedent water content on rainfall runoff and soil chemical loss on slope land, Chinese Journal of Soil Science, 39(6), 1395-1399. The Department of Foundation Courses, Agricultural University of Hebei, Cangzhou, Hebei 061100, China wanghong@hebau.edu.cn The problem of water loss and soil erosion in limestone slopes of Taihang Mountain is very serious, with different vegetations playing different roles in water loss and soil erosion.
    keywords: false; indigo; loss; nitrogen; rainfall; runoff; ryegrass; slope; soil
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        item: #4443 of 7527
          id: cet-2886
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 001.docx
        date: 2018-07-24
       words: 3394
      flesch: 51
     summary: With this technology, a specific spot inspection station built can inspect various foods and compare the test results to the food quality standards as specified. Some products with various storage methods have different quality systems so that it is required to establish standards for various foods, including a good assessment model.
    keywords: data; food; information; process; quality; reader; rfid; safety; system; tag
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        item: #4444 of 7527
          id: cet-2887
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 001.docx
        date: 2018-07-24
       words: 3127
      flesch: 34
     summary: Phytochemistry, 42(1), 121-127, DOI: 10.1016/0031-9422(95)00865-9. Wu Y.L., Piao H.S., 2005, Research on the gas-trointestinal propulsive motivity and chemical constituents of dandelion extraction. The components of dandelion root were extracted by ultrasonic-assisted extraction method and its chemical compositions were analyzed by GC-MS.
    keywords: chemical; dandelion; ethanol; ether; extraction; material; rate; ratio; root; time; ultrasonic; yield
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        item: #4445 of 7527
          id: cet-2888
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 001.docx
        date: 2018-07-24
       words: 3401
      flesch: 33
     summary: Based on the upper echelons theory and stakeholder theory, this paper takes the A-share listed companies in the chemical industry disclosing social responsibility reports in Shanghai and Shenzhen stock markets in China during 2009-2015 as samples, and uses the system GMM method to carry out empirical analysis on the dynamic inter-temporal effects of executives’ educational level on corporate social responsibility. The results show that the executives’ educational level lagging two phases has a significant positive effect on the current corporate social responsibility, the executives’ educational level of the listed companies in China's chemical industry plays a promoting effect on corporate social responsibility.
    keywords: chemical; education; education level; executives; industry; level; responsibility
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        item: #4446 of 7527
          id: cet-2889
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 001.docx
        date: 2018-07-24
       words: 2797
      flesch: 33
     summary: For the research on accounting information disclosure, experts and scholars at home and abroad have formed a series of research results, mainly including: research on environment accounting theory (Ro, 1980; Trueman, 1987); research on the influencing factors of environment accounting information disclosure (Iatridis, G. 2008; Einhorn and Ziv, 2007); research on forms and contents of environment accounting information disclosure (Ferguson et al., 2002; García and García-García, 2010). At present, energy conservation, emission reduction and environmental protection have become important issues for chemical companies, and environment accounting information disclosure is an important means for chemical companies to solve environmental pollution problems (Wang et al., 2014).
    keywords: accounting; accounting information; chemical; disclosure; environment; information; information disclosure
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        item: #4447 of 7527
          id: cet-289
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 211.docx
        date: 2017-10-04
       words: 3722
      flesch: 55
     summary: Since the prediction accuracy of NIR model strongly depends on the structure of training samples, it is important to optimize the process of training samples selection. Additionally, for online application, the nonlinear and adaptive forms of NIR model should be adopted to cope with nonlinearity and time variance issues.
    keywords: dataset; lwpls; model; process; samples; sub; training
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        item: #4448 of 7527
          id: cet-2890
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 001.docx
        date: 2018-07-24
       words: 3522
      flesch: 41
     summary: The multiple regression model was applied to analyse the interactive cross-period impacts between corporate social responsibility (CSR) and corporate value. Introduction Research on the relevance of corporate social responsibility (CSR) and corporate value has been always an important topic of theoretical research and practical concern, especially for the chemical companies which are mostly the heavily polluting companies.
    keywords: chemical; companies; csr; impact; period; responsibility; social; value
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        item: #4449 of 7527
          id: cet-2891
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 001.docx
        date: 2018-07-24
       words: 3611
      flesch: 31
     summary: , AIDIC Servizi S.r.l. ISBN 978-88-95608-63-1; ISSN 2283-9216 Game Analysis of Market Entry of Small and Medium-sized Chemical Companies Ting Yang, Ming Liu* School of Economics and Management, Weifang University, Weifang 261061, China liumingswjtu@163.com In the chemical industry market, large chemical companies are usually the earlier market entrants, and small and medium-sized chemical companies are latter entrants to the market. In the chemical industry market, large chemical companies represented by state-owned chemical companies occupy a dominant position as “leaders.”
    keywords: chemical; chemical companies; chemical industry; companies; entry; market
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        item: #4450 of 7527
          id: cet-2892
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 001.docx
        date: 2018-07-24
       words: 2997
      flesch: 27
     summary: First, this paper defines the concept of sustainable development, reasonably describes main methods and the model, clarifies the characteristics and existing problems of the small and medium-sized chemical companies at the current stage, establishes correlators of the important concepts used in the research, applies the dissipative structure theory to screen some financial indicators of sustainable development ability, and carries out an actual investigation to conduct in-depth analysis. Table 2: Survey and age distribution table for interviewees Educational background distribution Education Undergraduate Master Doctor Number of people 15 10 7 Percentage 47 31% 22% Age distribution Age 20~30 30~40 40~50 50~60 Number of people 3 10 13 6 Percentage 9% 31% 41% 19% Table 3: Non financial indicators for sustainable development capacity HSE management ability Level of safety management Technical personnel ratio Environmental friendliness R & D capability Undergraduate and above staff ratio Ratio of R & D input to operating income Social responsibility Absorb the number of employment Corporate reputation 1401 Chemical companies need to have a high level of science and technology.
    keywords: carbon; chemical; chemical companies; china; companies; development; doi; entropy; model; paper;  
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        item: #4451 of 7527
          id: cet-2893
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 001.docx
        date: 2018-07-24
       words: 3075
      flesch: 20
     summary: Thus, it is very important to study how to use e- business to improve the optimal management of supply chain logistics. Therefore, in this paper, the comparative method was adopted to compare traditional business and e-business in supply chain logistics, analyse the relationship between supply chain and logistics and the relationship between supply chain management and logistics management, so as to provide theoretical basis for supply chain logistics optimization under e-business environment.
    keywords: business; chain; distribution; information; inventory; logistics; management; supply; supply chain
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        item: #4452 of 7527
          id: cet-2894
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 001.docx
        date: 2018-07-24
       words: 2622
      flesch: 21
     summary: Based on the theory of modern human resources management, this paper analyses and studies the present situation and problems of human resources management in chemical enterprises and puts forward the measures and schemes of constructing human resource management mechanism in chemical enterprises. This paper makes clear that the core of human resource management is people-oriented, and the perfect human resource management mechanism is the basis of enterprises maintaining the core power in the market competition.
    keywords: chemical; enterprises; human; management; mechanism; resources; system
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        item: #4453 of 7527
          id: cet-2895
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 001.docx
        date: 2018-07-24
       words: 2644
      flesch: 27
     summary: The network security of chemical enterprises can be divided into three parts: enterprise network physical security, enterprise network security itself, and enterprise network information security. Then, the topology structure of chemical enterprise network was designed, the network security and management mechanism of chemical enterprises were analysed, and the related scheme security policy deployment was proposed.
    keywords: chemical; construction; data; design; enterprise; information; management; network; security; system
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        item: #4454 of 7527
          id: cet-2896
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 001.docx
        date: 2018-07-24
       words: 3106
      flesch: 27
     summary: At present, the research of circular economy evaluation index system in petrochemical industry is mainly in qualitative analysis, which cannot reflect the development level of circular economy in chemical industry. Circular economy is divided into three levels: inter-enterprise circulation; regional circulation, which mainly refers to the industrial park circulation; and social circulation, which mainly refers to the circulation between DOI: 10.3303/CET1866238 Please cite this article as: Wang J., 2018, Study on construction and application of circular economy evaluation index system in petrochemical industry, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 66, 1423-1428 DOI:10.3303/CET1866238 1423 enterprises and society (Thomas et al., 2018).
    keywords: consumption; development; economy; evaluation; index; industry; petrochemical; resource; system; waste
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        item: #4455 of 7527
          id: cet-2897
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 001.docx
        date: 2018-07-24
       words: 3993
      flesch: 44
     summary: Liu applied the idea of ant colony algorithm, developed the ACO (An Colony optimization) algorithm to solve the vehicle routing optimization problem with capacity constraints, and carried out the experimental simulation of several typical types of VRP, so as to verify the validity of the algorithm (Liu et al., 2016). Cao pointed out the superiority of ant colony algorithm in solving large nonlinear system optimization problems.
    keywords: algorithm; ant; chemical; colony; distribution; logistics; optimization; selection; site
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        item: #4456 of 7527
          id: cet-2898
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 001.docx
        date: 2018-07-24
       words: 3881
      flesch: 41
     summary: Fu and Fu, starting from the target of logistics enterprises and customers, construct the two stage game model of logistics service pricing, and analyse the pricing strategy of logistics service on the basis of complete hypothesis, and put forward some suggestions and methods for making logistics service price (Fu and Fu, 2017). , AIDIC Servizi S.r.l. ISBN 978-88-95608-63-1; ISSN 2283-9216 A Study on Optimization of Chemical Logistics Route Based on Improved Genetic Algorithm Gang Wang School of Economics and Management, Xi'an Aeronautical University, Xi'an 710077, China gangwang24529@126.com In this paper, the author mainly studies the optimization of chemical logistics route based on improved genetic algorithm.
    keywords: algorithm; chemical; chemical logistics; distribution; logistics; optimization; price; route; service
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        item: #4457 of 7527
          id: cet-2899
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 001.docx
        date: 2018-07-24
       words: 3766
      flesch: 29
     summary: The Research Center For International Business and Enconomy, SiChuan International Studies University, Sichuan 400031, China hejiao2123@163.com The road of green and healthy development in modern cities is pursued through the research on the green innovation model in industrial cluster development of chemical industrial parks. Jiangxi Province is taken as an example to study the current status of chemical industrial parks in Jiangxi Province and the problems in the development of industrial cluster development and to put forward the green innovation development model for industrial cluster development.
    keywords: clusters; development; green; industrial; jiangxi; parks; province
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        item: #4458 of 7527
          id: cet-290
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 211.docx
        date: 2017-10-04
       words: 2630
      flesch: 48
     summary: Experimentally obtained pressure and level dependences for different solution density is shown in Figure 3. Figure 3: Pressure and level dependences for different solution density For testing qualitative adequacy of the model, research results of the evaporators presented by other researchers were used (Taubman, 1970). 2. Mathematical model The block diagram of evaporator is shown in Figure 1, where Qr, Qp, Qf – the volume flow of reflux, the evaporated uranium re-extract and feed solution of uranium re-extract, m3/h; T, Tr, Tf, Ts – the temperature of reflux, solution in the unit, feed solution of uranium re-extract and heating steam, оС; ρ, ρV, ρr, ρf – the density of the solution in the unit, secondary steam, reflux, feed solution of uranium re-extract, kg/m3; Wk, Ws, WV – the mass flow of the condensate, heating and secondary steam, kg/h; Ps, PV – the pressure of the heating and secondary steam, kPa; i, is, if, ir, iv, ip – the enthalpy of the solution in the unit, the heating steam, the feed solution, reflux, secondary steam and the evaporated uranium re-extract, J/kg; C, Cf – the concentration of the evaporated uranium re-extract and the feed solution of uranium re-extract, kg/m3.
    keywords: density; evaporator; figure; level; model; solution; unit
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        item: #4459 of 7527
          id: cet-2900
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 001.docx
        date: 2018-07-24
       words: 3316
      flesch: 33
     summary: Table 4: Analysis results of factor analysis of the competitiveness of chemical industry Serial number Name of factors sub-index FO1 Output factor O1 EXtot, EXCtot, NEXtot, EStot, EPtot, EUVI, EXCN, EOItot, EPC, ESC, EOII, Rtot FO2 Input factor O2 PC, NPtot, Stot, SC, OPtot FO3 Input factor O3 PAI, PG, SG, RAI, EPG, EXG, ESG, EOIG 4.3 Comprehensive factor analysis of standardized data Table 5: Scores of comprehensive factors name score ranking Beijing 8.25 1 tianjin 7.18 2 jiangsu 2.63 3 anhui 2.03 4 The comprehensive evaluation score table of chemical industry cluster competitiveness shows that Beijing ranks first in the overall chemical industry competitiveness; the chemical industry cluster formation in Tianjin plays a decisive role in promoting its dominant position and preserving its competitiveness, so Tianjin ranks second, because it has lower production scale, economic benefit, and growth potential by comparing with Beijing in Chemical industry competitiveness. In the logistic model, the stability of chemical industry cluster is analysed mainly by describing the structure, development mode, and output level of chemical industry; currently this model is mostly adopted to study the stability between the complete-vehicle enterprise and small & medium-sizes matching enterprises.
    keywords: analysis; chemical; chemical industry; china; cluster; competitiveness; evaluation; factor; index; industry
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        item: #4460 of 7527
          id: cet-2901
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 001.docx
        date: 2018-07-24
       words: 3201
      flesch: 30
     summary: In the design, the basic elements analysis, logistics relationship analysis, non-logistics relationship analysis and logistics analysis between operation units are carried out, but there is no further improvement in the method. In addition, some scholars used the design of facility layout and the SLP principle in logistics analysis to re- plan and design the facilities layout of the assembly workshop to make the workshop smooth and the transportation route the shortest, shorten the production cycle and reduce the production cost.
    keywords: analysis; chemical; design; facilities; layout; layout design; logistics; method; relationship
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        item: #4461 of 7527
          id: cet-2902
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 001.docx
        date: 2018-07-24
       words: 3538
      flesch: 28
     summary: 1461 Figure 1: Efficiency of the chemical circular economy in the central and western regions from 2007 to 2013 Figure 2: Efficiency of the national chemical circular economy from 2008 to 2013 4.2 Social sub-system Figure 3: Convergence test results of chemical circular economy efficiency from 2007 to 2013 Table 1: The mean value of circular economy efficiency and the structure of each subsystem of the chemical industry in the eastern and western regions from 2007 to 2013 Circular economy efficiency value Contribution rate of each subsystem /% Economic efficiency Social efficiency Ecological efficiency The overall efficiency economic Social Ecological The overall In the east 0.892 0.567 0.583 0.681 43.7 27.8 28.5 100 In the middle 0.834 0.570 0.635 0.680 40.9 27.9 31.2 100 In the west 0.889 0.556 0.591 0.673 43.7 27.3 29.0 100 1462 Table 2: The fluctuation value of the economic efficiency and the structure of each subsystem of the chemical cycle in the eastern and western regions from 2007 to 2013 Social subsystem measures the social value of the chemical industry. Please cite this article as: Jiang Y., 2018, Circular economy efficiency and influencing factors of chemical industry in china, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 66, 1459-1464 DOI:10.3303/CET1866244 1459 economic and environmental development and reduce the use of water and land resources.
    keywords: chemical; chemical industry; development; economy; economy efficiency; efficiency; industry; resources
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        item: #4462 of 7527
          id: cet-2903
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 001.docx
        date: 2018-07-24
       words: 3310
      flesch: 35
     summary: Extension strategy management is based on the theory of extenics. It provides a good idea and foundation for chemical enterprise extension strategy management.
    keywords: algorithm; chemical; extenics; extension; generation; management; strategy; system; transformation
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        item: #4463 of 7527
          id: cet-2904
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 001.docx
        date: 2018-07-24
       words: 2955
      flesch: 57
     summary: 1475 Mu D., Wang C., Zhao F., Sutherland J.W., 2016, Solving vehicle routing problem with simultaneous pickup and delivery using parallel simulated annealing algorithm. Optimization of hazardous POL transportation problem (HPOLTP) is a common problem in the chemical industry, the decision maker has to find the optimal route that satisfies the following criteria: the least cost.
    keywords: algorithm; demand; doi; function; optimum; problem; saga; vehicle
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        item: #4464 of 7527
          id: cet-2905
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 001.docx
        date: 2018-07-24
       words: 2910
      flesch: 19
     summary: The optimization of hazardous chemicals logistics management system based on big data technology mainly focuses on three aspects such as business process optimization, soft environment optimization and 1479 optimization of big data in logistics. Logistics System Monitoring Platform Transportation and Distribution System Delivery route optimization Digital warehouse system Wireless handheld Electronic tags RFID Electronic order entry system Marketing system Monopoly system Code making system Figure 2: The logistics management system Figure 2 shows a conventional hazardous chemical logistics management system, which is an integrated application of logistics monitoring and management platform, distribution route optimization, digital warehousing system, electronic order system, transportation and distribution system and other external systems.
    keywords: chemicals; chemicals logistics; data; logistics; logistics transportation; management; optimization; safety; system; technology; transportation
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        item: #4465 of 7527
          id: cet-2906
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 001.docx
        date: 2018-07-24
       words: 2976
      flesch: 24
     summary: This paper takes the chemical industrial parks in Jiangsu Province as an example to study the interrelationship between the industrialization and the development of agricultural industrialization through a multiple linear regression model. This paper mainly takes the chemical industrial parks of Jiangsu Province as the research object, and analyzes the problem of the coordinated development of industrialization and agricultural industrialization in the parks.
    keywords: chemical; development; industrialization; informatization; level; parks; regression
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        item: #4466 of 7527
          id: cet-2907
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 001.docx
        date: 2018-07-24
       words: 2593
      flesch: 23
     summary: DOI: 10.3303/CET1866249 Please cite this article as: Jia L., 2018, Influence of business model on evaluation of business development performance of chemical companies, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 66, 1489-1494 DOI:10.3303/CET1866249 1489 2.2 Elements of business model Due to the inconsistent definition of business models, for the elements that make up the business models, there are different theories, such as the three-element theory which consists of value proposition, positioning and distribution; the four-element theory which consists of value proposition, key resources, process and profit model; five-element theory and nine-element theory, etc. This paper takes chemical companies as research objects to study the relationship between business models and business development performance.
    keywords: business; business model; chemical; companies; influence; model; performance
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        item: #4467 of 7527
          id: cet-2908
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 001.docx
        date: 2018-07-24
       words: 2729
      flesch: 15
     summary: Supply chain reengineering (Thibodeaux et al., 1982) refers to the integration of the node companies on the supply chain and their relationship with the goal of improving the core competitiveness of supply chain business units and maximizing value creation. In general, the relationship among supply chain nodes is the main problem facing supply chain reengineering for hazardous chemicals.
    keywords: business; chain; chemicals; daqing; node; reengineering; supply; supply chain
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        item: #4468 of 7527
          id: cet-2909
      author: raffaella
       title: None
        date: 2018-07-19
       words: 3458
      flesch: 57
     summary: In particular, the scenarios considered were: Scenario 0 where all the products are available for external supply chain purpose (energy use); Scenario 1 where syngas and bio-oil available for e external supply chain purpose (energy use) and bio-char is used in agriculture; Scenario 2 syngas combustion for heat generation used for the plant. Bio-oil is available for external supply chain purpose (energy use) and bio-char used in agriculture Scenario 3 where syngas is used in CHP plant.
    keywords: bio; biomass; chain; co2; energy; products; supply; use
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        item: #4469 of 7527
          id: cet-291
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 211.docx
        date: 2017-10-04
       words: 3402
      flesch: 49
     summary: In this paper, the method of mathematic simulation is applied for the development and research of evaporator control system. The main inlet variables of the model are the following: i) flow rate of the feed solution; ii) concentration of feed solution; iii) temperature of feed solution; iv) discrete variable, which is equal to 1, in case the heater is on, and 0 – if it is off; v) discrete variable, which is equal to 1, in case the valve is opened, and 0 – if it is closed.
    keywords: acs; concentration; control; density; evaporator; level; outlet; solution; unit; valve
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        item: #4470 of 7527
          id: cet-2910
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 66iervolino.docx
        date: 2018-06-29
       words: 4364
      flesch: 46
     summary: Figure 1: Fixed carbon yield and normalized fixed carbon yield, as a function of carbon content in the biomass, at a temperature of 673 K and at a pressure of 1 and 10 atm. Influencing feedstock parameters are moisture content, physical properties, e.g. particle size, chemical properties, e.g. lignin content, elemental composition, especially carbon, ash amount and composition, e.g. 7 DOI: 10.3303/CET1865002 Please cite this article as: Skreiberg O., Wang L., Bach Q.V., Gronli M., 2018, Carbonization pressure influence on fixed carbon yield, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 65, 7-12 DOI: 10.3303/CET1865002 catalytic elements.
    keywords: atm; carbon; content; gas; pressure; temperature; yield
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        item: #4471 of 7527
          id: cet-2911
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 66iervolino.docx
        date: 2018-06-29
       words: 3458
      flesch: 44
     summary: Gamiño B., Aguillón J., 2010, Numerical simulation of syngas combustion with a multi-spark ignition system in a diesel engine adapted to work at the Otto cycle, Fuel, 89(3):581-591. Zhang F., Yu R., Bai X. S., 2012, Detailed numerical simulation of syngas combustion under partially premixed combustion engine conditions, International Journal of hydrogen energy, 37(22):17285-17293.
    keywords: cfd; combustion; energy; engine; model; simulation; syngas
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        item: #4472 of 7527
          id: cet-2912
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 66iervolino.docx
        date: 2018-06-29
       words: 3268
      flesch: 51
     summary: It makes GSVRs appropriate for thermally intensive reactions like biomass fast pyrolysis. GSVR is thus found to be a viable alternative for biomass fast pyrolysis, resulting in a considerable process intensification.
    keywords: bed; biomass; char; gas; geometry; gsvr; pyrolysis; reactor; simulations
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        item: #4473 of 7527
          id: cet-2913
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 66iervolino.docx
        date: 2018-06-29
       words: 4381
      flesch: 51
     summary: Heat and Mass Transfer, 44(7), 763-769. Kheirabadi , A. C., Groulx, D., 2015, Simulating phase change heat transfer using Comsol and Fluent: Effect of the mushy-zone constant. Computational Thermal Science, 7(5-6), 427-440. Kristjansson, K., Næss, E., Skreiberg, Ø., 2016, Dampening of wood batch combustion heat release using a phase change material heat storage: Material selection and heat storage property optimization.
    keywords: fins; gas; heat; melting; pcm; temperature
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        item: #4474 of 7527
          id: cet-2914
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 66iervolino.docx
        date: 2018-06-29
       words: 4000
      flesch: 59
     summary: To produce BSF biodiesel, melting the solid BSF crude fat at approximately 30℃ ensured a homogeneous solution for the reactions carried out in following steps. BSF biodiesel conversion treatment not only increased BSFO DCN from 59.6 to 63.5 but also significantly reduced kinematic viscosity at 40 °C from 29.76 mm2/s to 3.77 mm2/s. Noting that BSFO contains mostly triglycerides with a minor amount of free fatty acids while BSF biodiesel contains saturated and unsaturated long straight-chain FAME, both BSFO and its derived biodiesel have higher DCN and viscosity than US No. 2 diesel.
    keywords: acid; biodiesel; blending; bsf; bsfo; dee; fame; fuel; properties; viscosity
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        item: #4475 of 7527
          id: cet-2915
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 66iervolino.docx
        date: 2018-06-29
       words: 3564
      flesch: 45
     summary: The gas phase is described by a reduced mechanism with 59 species and 462 reactions derived from the CRECK primary reference fuel and biomass mechanisms. In recent years, there have been substantial improvements on the phenomenological understanding of biomass devolatilization, concerning detailed decomposition kinetics, primary product speciation, secondary gas-phase decomposition and gas phase 37 DOI: 10.3303/CET1865007 Please cite this article as: Rieth M., Rabacal M., Kempf A., Kronenburg A., Stein O., 2018, Carrier-phase dns of biomass particle ignition and volatile burning in a turbulent mixing layer, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 65, 37-42 DOI: 10.3303/CET1865007 oxidation.
    keywords: biomass; case; coal; combustion; composition; ignition; mechanism
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        item: #4476 of 7527
          id: cet-2916
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 66iervolino.docx
        date: 2018-06-29
       words: 3617
      flesch: 54
     summary: It is possible to observe that the carbon content, the fixed carbon (FC), the HHV, and the heat of reaction increase with HTC temperature, and conversely the oxygen content, the volatile matter (VM) and the ash content decrease. Hydrogen and nitrogen seem quite independent on HTC temperature.
    keywords: d.b; heat; htc; reaction; reactor; temperature; water
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        item: #4477 of 7527
          id: cet-2917
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 66iervolino.docx
        date: 2018-06-29
       words: 3371
      flesch: 51
     summary: Moreover, unlike conventional torrefaction techniques, where flue gases are used for direct heating, steam torrefaction does not 49 DOI: 10.3303/CET1865009 Please cite this article as: Brachi P., Miccio F., Ruoppolo G., Stanzione F., Miccio M., 2018, Pressurized steam torrefaction of wet agro- industrial residues, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 65, 49-54 DOI: 10.3303/CET1865009 contaminate the torrefied solid and the volatile matters, disclosing a way to recovering valuable chemicals. in competition with the methane reforming reaction (CH4(g) + H2O(g) ↔ 3H2(g)+CO (g)), with a consequent global effect of lowering the total amount of released gas. Figure 2: solid, liquid and gas yields obtained during torrefaction tests for OH and TP in catalytic and non- catalytic conditions.
    keywords: biomass; brachi; gas; liquid; pressure; reactor; steam; torrefaction
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        item: #4478 of 7527
          id: cet-2918
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 66iervolino.docx
        date: 2018-06-29
       words: 3173
      flesch: 46
     summary: Such variation cannot be considered with offline biomass bed models that are usually based on representing the biomass bed as a perfectly stirred reactor. Therefore, two simplified CFD modeling strategies for biomass combustion in fixed-bed were proposed in literature.
    keywords: air; bed; biomass; boiler; figure; fire; model; temperature
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        item: #4479 of 7527
          id: cet-2919
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 66iervolino.docx
        date: 2018-06-29
       words: 3259
      flesch: 46
     summary: 2.4 Estimation of growth rate We estimated the maximum specific growth rate, µmax (h -1 ) during the exponential growth phase where the nutrient concentration is sufficient that the growth rate is independent of nutrient concentration. Growth rate = 0.017828 + 0.60737*Glucose + 0.048654*Xylose - 0.058592*Glucose2 + 0.049852*Xylose2 - 0.12668*Glucose*Xylose (3)
    keywords: design; glucose; growth; model; rate; response; sugars; surface; xylose
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        item: #4480 of 7527
          id: cet-292
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 211.docx
        date: 2017-10-04
       words: 3909
      flesch: 39
     summary: Results and discussions The real experimentation trials, which were carried out in a first part of DynCyanide project, were extended exploiting the developed “virtual treatment” in order to consider the variability of the BF GWW composition and to assess the efficiency of ozonation treatment process in different operating conditions. High temperature implies a significant increase of cyanide treatment rate and a good improvement is achieved with a temperature of 30 °C.
    keywords: chemical; conditions; cyanide; gww; order; ozonation; ozone; process; treatment; wastewater
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        item: #4481 of 7527
          id: cet-2920
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 66iervolino.docx
        date: 2018-06-29
       words: 3499
      flesch: 59
     summary: In the past, some authors have studied the dynamic behaviour and control of industrial ethanol processes through modeling and simulation (Andrietta and Maugeri, 1994, and Meleiro and Maciel, 2000). Further studies could be made to explore the process values and control strategies that allow the process to reach an optimal operation in terms of yield and productivity.
    keywords: control; ethanol; fermentation; process; system; temperature
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        item: #4482 of 7527
          id: cet-2921
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 66iervolino.docx
        date: 2018-06-29
       words: 3854
      flesch: 50
     summary: With the conversion data available, the flow of ethanol required to meet the target productivity of ethylene is 165 kg/h. 2.2 Feeding section Standing the catalyst capability to fully convert diluted ethanol and the beneficial effect of water against coke formation, the feeding section is designed to yield a mixture of 3 moles of water per mole of ethanol with a single flash separation block, kept at 92.5 °C according to the water-ethanol phase diagram as calculated by the NRTL-RK method (see also Becerra & al., 2017 for a calculation done with a different model). Conclusions Considering a catalyst that is able to fully convert both diluted and pure ethanol, two different feeding strategies have been compared.
    keywords: column; ethanol; ethylene; feed; heat; section; temperature; water
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        item: #4483 of 7527
          id: cet-2922
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 66iervolino.docx
        date: 2018-06-29
       words: 3253
      flesch: 47
     summary: 3.2 Guaiacol With reference to Figure 1, it is clear that the favored chain initiation reaction of 2-methoxyphenol is the cleavage of the weak phenoxyl–methyl bond with the formation of 2-hydroxyphenoxyl radical, which forms easily catechol via successive H abstraction reactions. Pyrolysis mechanisms of methoxy substituted α-O-4 lignin dimeric model compounds and detection of free radicals using electron paramagnetic resonance analysis.
    keywords: bond; catechol; figure; guaiacol; pyrolysis
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        item: #4484 of 7527
          id: cet-2923
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 66iervolino.docx
        date: 2018-06-29
       words: 3125
      flesch: 53
     summary: In order to evaluate the accuracy of the prediction of biogas using this accessible information to swine farmers (relation between the quantity of pigs or waste produced and the potential of biogas production), the main objective of this work was to compare these results with models based on physical chemical parameters measured in the swine sewage (Volatile Solids and Chemical Oxygen Demand) and also compare it with the biogas produced in a lab-scale biodigester. Hence, the first model considered the quantity of growing pigs and their relation between biogas production: one animal (of about 90 kg) estimates 0.24 m 3 of biogas each day in the farm (Dias et al., 2011).
    keywords: biogas; chemical; day; farm; model; pigs; production; sewage; swine
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        item: #4485 of 7527
          id: cet-2924
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 66iervolino.docx
        date: 2018-06-29
       words: 3887
      flesch: 51
     summary: a 0 0.4 0.8 1.2 300 600 900 Temperature, K d m /d t, m g /m in straw peat b 0 6 12 18 300 600 900 Temperature, K ∆ T straw peat Figure 1. DTG (a) and DTA (b) analysis of the thermal decomposition of wheat straw and peat pellets in oxidative atmosphere. The elemental composition and heating values (HHV) of straw pellets, peat pellets and their mixtures (dry mass) Biomass C, % H, % O, % N, % Moisture, % Ash, % HHV, MJ/kg Wheat straw 46.62 5.09 42.72 1.31 9.10 4.26 18.50
    keywords: = ∂; combustion; decomposition; peat; straw; ∂ =; ∂ ∂
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        item: #4486 of 7527
          id: cet-2925
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 66iervolino.docx
        date: 2018-06-29
       words: 4017
      flesch: 42
     summary: The final and completely devolatilized carbonaceous matrix, which in the previous models was considered as pure carbon, now contains small amounts of hydrogen and oxygen, to better agree with high temperature biochar composition. In general, low temperature pyrolysis biochar has a higher amount of micropores than high temperature biochar.
    keywords: area; biochar; biomass; carbon; composition; high; model; pyrolysis; surface; temperature; yield
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        item: #4487 of 7527
          id: cet-2926
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 66iervolino.docx
        date: 2018-06-29
       words: 2781
      flesch: 46
     summary: Among the different adsorbents used for wastewater treatment, activated carbons show the most suitable characteristics, such as high porosity, well- developed internal surface area and high adsorption capacity. a) b) Figure 1: Adsorption capacities as a function of the initial dye concentration of the three biochars a) with methylene blue solutions; b) with rhodamine b solutions.
    keywords: activation; adsorption; biochar; blue; capacity; des; methylene
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        item: #4488 of 7527
          id: cet-2927
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 66iervolino.docx
        date: 2018-06-29
       words: 3852
      flesch: 48
     summary: Anca-Couce A., Sommersacher P., Scharler R., 2017a, Online experiments and modelling with a detailed reaction scheme of single particle biomass pyrolysis, J. Anal. This data can be employed to further improve pyrolysis models including PAH release. a) b)
    keywords: 2017a; anca; couce; couce et; et al; model; particle; pyrolysis; results
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        item: #4489 of 7527
          id: cet-2928
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 66iervolino.docx
        date: 2018-06-29
       words: 3528
      flesch: 41
     summary: Biomass burning emissions form in the atmosphere also secondary organic aerosols (SOA) and secondary inorganic aerosols (SIA). As a matter of facts, the calculation is strongly affected by these variables: number of appliances and specific energy consumption for each typology, total annual energy demand, fuel types and characteristics and average emission factor.
    keywords: appliances; average; biomass; consumption; emission; energy; heating; lombardy; technology; wood
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        item: #4490 of 7527
          id: cet-2929
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 66iervolino.docx
        date: 2018-06-29
       words: 3686
      flesch: 52
     summary: The co-AD of hOFMSW with pre-treated MCW (CASE 1) increased the biogas yield by 65 % and CH4 yield by 48 %, when compared to the results obtained with the standalone hOFMSW, while the co-digestion of hOFMSW with non-pre-treated MCW (CASE 2) increased biogas and CH4 yields by 84 % and 57 %, respectively. +Pre3 6.00 2.40 3.50 1.80 2.40 3.2 Co-Anaerobic Digestion Assays TS and VS removals did not show any significant difference (ANOVA, p=0.05) in co-AD assays (Table 5), with average removals of 51.9 %TS and 63.7 %VS.
    keywords: biogas; hofmsw; mcw; pre
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        item: #4491 of 7527
          id: cet-293
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 211.docx
        date: 2017-10-04
       words: 3392
      flesch: 45
     summary: That is why the problem of scaling-up the installations for biogas production can't be reduced to the hydrodynamic aspects only, as it is often done (Brener, 2002), and the technological and regime aspects also play a great role for scaling-up while designing the biogas installations (Vargas and López- Serrano, 2014). After systematic analysis, the main technological and regime aspects which should be considered in the process of scaling-up the installations for biogas productions were formulated, and these aspects are listed below.
    keywords: biogas; chemical; production; purification; scale
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        item: #4492 of 7527
          id: cet-2930
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 66iervolino.docx
        date: 2018-06-29
       words: 2743
      flesch: 53
     summary: This work first presents new pyrolysis data obtained in the Ghent flow reactor, and then it discusses a detailed kinetic mechanism of anisole pyrolysis and oxidation. This paper first presents new experimental data on anisole pyrolysis obtained in the flow reactor at Ghent University, then it analyzes and discusses the detailed kinetic mechanism of pyrolysis and oxidation of anisole, also based on several comparisons with experimental data allowing to derive rate rules for the major reaction classes.
    keywords: anisole; data; figure; kinetic; model; pyrolysis; temperature
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        item: #4493 of 7527
          id: cet-2931
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 66iervolino.docx
        date: 2018-06-29
       words: 2431
      flesch: 49
     summary: Explosion pressure, rate of explosion pressure rise and deflagration index of the synthesis gas mixture reach maximum values near the stoichiometric concentration with an equivalent ratio Φ = 1 within the studied range, i.e. 0.3-2.1 at temperatures of 323-423 K and pressures of 0.5-1.0 bar. The explosion pressure, the rate of explosion pressure rise and the deflagration index of the synthesis gas mixture increase with increasing initial pressure and decrease with the increasing initial temperature for the given measurement conditions.
    keywords: bar; explosion; gas; mixture; pressure
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        item: #4494 of 7527
          id: cet-2932
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 66iervolino.docx
        date: 2018-06-29
       words: 3208
      flesch: 58
     summary: In a successive step, LA can be converted to γ-valerolactone (GVL) via a catalytic hydrogenation route using supported noble metals (Ru, Pd and Ir) as catalysts in aqueous media under relatively mild conditions. An aqueous solution of LA (35 g/L,Sigma) and 300 mg of catalyst were loaded into the reactor to give a total volume of 100 mL. The reactor was initially purged with N2 followed by H2 3 times.
    keywords: acid; catalyst; gvl; reaction; tio2
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        item: #4495 of 7527
          id: cet-2933
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 66iervolino.docx
        date: 2018-06-29
       words: 3930
      flesch: 50
     summary: Figure 4: Weight loss as function of time for CO2 gasification of biocarbon powder and biocarbon briquette at a temperature of 850 °C 149 Figure 5: Weight loss as function of time for CO2 gasification of biocarbon briquette with and without binder addition at a temperature of 850 °C Figure 5 shows fractional weight loss as function of time for CO2 gasification of the studied biocarbon briquette produced with and without binder addition. The results showed that high mechanical compressing force was required for producing biocarbon briquettes with addition of binder.
    keywords: addition; binder; biocarbon; briquettes; co2; gasification; lignin
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        item: #4496 of 7527
          id: cet-2934
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 66iervolino.docx
        date: 2018-06-29
       words: 3061
      flesch: 44
     summary: Considering the requirement of extraction rate and pressure to equipment and operation, 25MPa is chosen as the suitable extraction pressure for Coix seed oil. 3.2 Orthogonal test In the process of supercritical CO2 extraction of Coix seed oil, it is necessary to consider not only the yield of Coix seed oil, but also the extraction rate, energy consumption and other comprehensive factors.
    keywords: co2; coix; coix seed; extraction; oil; rate; seed; seed oil
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        item: #4497 of 7527
          id: cet-2935
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 66iervolino.docx
        date: 2018-06-29
       words: 3808
      flesch: 53
     summary: Waste oils is a kind of biomass that refers to contaminated or degraded liquid products, mainly consisting of waste lubricating oil coming from machinery and cooking oil. Waste oils are well-known hazardous materials, because of the presence of degraded additives and undesired substances, that could cause adverse impacts to the human health and the environment.
    keywords: materials; oil; oils; production; pyrolysis; waste; zeolite
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        item: #4498 of 7527
          id: cet-2936
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 66iervolino.docx
        date: 2018-06-29
       words: 2769
      flesch: 34
     summary: Wang et al. used biomass prediction model to estimate forest biomass. Up to now, the studies have always focused on the spatial distribution of biomass in pinus massoniana forest.
    keywords: biomass; doi; forest; layer; massoniana; pinus; pinus massoniana; soil; total; vegetation
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        item: #4499 of 7527
          id: cet-2937
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 66iervolino.docx
        date: 2018-06-29
       words: 3652
      flesch: 46
     summary: Despite the given panorama, there is a lack of data in the literature of sugarcane bagasse gasification in bubbling fluidized beds operating with steam and oxygen as gasifying agents. To address this subject, this work performed a simulation of sugarcane bagasse gasification in a steam-oxygen-blown bubbling fluidized bed based on Gibbs free energy minimization using Aspen PlusTM.
    keywords: analysis; bagasse; biomass; figure; gasification; ratio; steam; sugarcane; syngas
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        item: #4500 of 7527
          id: cet-2938
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 66iervolino.docx
        date: 2018-06-29
       words: 3158
      flesch: 34
     summary: Monitor computer OPC Client OPC Server PXI-8186 Embedded Controller PXI-6259 Multi-function DAQ capture card Detection Control PH value Temperature Dissolved oxygen Defoaming Motor speed Inverter Fermenter Motor Pe ri st al tic p um p Add acid Add alkali Defoaming Feeding Heating switch Air Cooling water Cooling water Figure 2: Hardware design framework of bio-fermentation intelligent monitoring system Figure 3 shows the software design framework of the bio-fermentation intelligent monitoring system. User layer software Network interface software OPC interface M ea su re m en t a nd c on tr ol s ys te m so ft w ar e op er at in g en vi ro nm en t System configuration Intelligent detection Measurement and control tasks to run Routine control Intelligent control Query operation Data scheduling Historical database Real-time data Data management scheduling Measurement and control task management scheduling Task management Operational configuration Data interface software Device driver layer software A priori data interface software I/O interface Fermentation objects A priori data interface Prior knowledge base Figure 3: Software design framework of bio-fermentation intelligent monitoring system The soft-sensing model used in this paper is an improved continuous hidden Markov model (CHMM)
    keywords: algorithm; bio; control; data; doi; fermentation; monitoring; network; online; system; unit
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        item: #4501 of 7527
          id: cet-2939
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 66iervolino.docx
        date: 2018-06-29
       words: 2665
      flesch: 45
     summary: The bibliometric analysis allowed a systematic treatment to quantitatively analyze scientific publications to detect particular research trends. Figure 1: Process for performing bibliometric analysis In the first step, which corresponds to Searching, the search criteria such as keywords and equations are define, instance in which the source of information its chosen and then the database its downloaded.
    keywords: bibliometric; doi; energy; publications; research; syngas
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        item: #4502 of 7527
          id: cet-294
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 211.docx
        date: 2017-10-04
       words: 2954
      flesch: 58
     summary: Egg white is consisted mainly of water and proteins, therefore it is a breeding ground for propagation of microorganisms including pathogenic ones, despite its natural defence capabilities given by egg white proteins, such as lysozyme and ovotransferrin (Baron et al., 2016). Natural properties of egg white proteins will influence the optimal conditions for washing.
    keywords: design; egg; model; protein; washing; water
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        item: #4503 of 7527
          id: cet-2940
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 66iervolino.docx
        date: 2018-06-29
       words: 3375
      flesch: 33
     summary: At the same time, heterogeneous pour point depressing scheme and hydrofining can be flexibly converted to produce clean diesel with low demand for low pour point diesel and to improve the economic and social benefits of the enterprises. 2. Literature review With the ever-increasing environmental protection requirements, the quality of diesel oil has become increasingly stringent.
    keywords: catalyst; diesel; hydrofining; oil; point; pour; process; products; technology; temperature
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        item: #4504 of 7527
          id: cet-2941
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 66iervolino.docx
        date: 2018-06-29
       words: 3062
      flesch: 47
     summary: In the present research, the following methodological steps were developed, to achieve significant results on the study of auto-ignition applied to spark ignition engines operated with gaseous fuels. The effect of methane number (MN), compression ratio (CR), and intake pressure on auto-ignition tendency in spark ignition internal combustion engines was determined.
    keywords: auto; combustion; compression; engine; fuel; gas; ignition; point; temperature
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        item: #4505 of 7527
          id: cet-2942
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 66iervolino.docx
        date: 2018-06-29
       words: 3943
      flesch: 57
     summary: These wood stoves also have the potential to perform energetically much better than old types of wood stoves, due to better combustion air control, reducing the overall excess air ratio. 1. Introduction Wood combustion for space heating in wood stoves has come far today regarding environmental performance compared to just two decades ago.
    keywords: emission; levels; load; particle; stove; wood
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        item: #4506 of 7527
          id: cet-2943
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 66iervolino.docx
        date: 2018-06-29
       words: 2901
      flesch: 34
     summary: 205 DOI: 10.3303/CET1865035 Please cite this article as: Xiaoqun Mao , 2018, Design of new electrochemical sensors and detection application of chemical feedstock residues, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 65, 205-210 DOI: 10.3303/CET1865035 Currently, electrochemical sensors are widely used in chemical, pharmaceutical and other fields due to their advantages of fast detection speed, high precision, and low cost (Banerjee et al., 2017; Choudhary et al., 2015; Dong, 2017; Guan et al., 2018). Taking electrochemical sensor as research basis, a new three- electrode electrochemical sensor is designed based on the decomposition principle of chemical enzyme media.
    keywords: chemical; current; detection; electrode; enzyme; feedstock; figure; residues; sensor
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        item: #4507 of 7527
          id: cet-2944
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 66iervolino.docx
        date: 2018-06-29
       words: 4117
      flesch: 51
     summary: However, the use of pre-treated biomass led to higher liquid yields and to lower solids than the values obtained with untreated eucalyptus. Figure 2 also shows that pre-treated biomass led to lower gas yields than untreated eucalyptus.
    keywords: biomass; eucalyptus; liquid; n e; pre; products; pyrolysis; wastes
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        item: #4508 of 7527
          id: cet-2945
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 66iervolino.docx
        date: 2018-06-29
       words: 3497
      flesch: 49
     summary: Biomass energy is the fourth largest energy source after oil, coal and natural gas. In 1992, after the World Conference on Environment and Development, European and American countries began to vigorously develop biomass energy.
    keywords: biomass; china; die; energy; fatigue; fuel; granulator; life; mode; molding; press; roller
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        item: #4509 of 7527
          id: cet-2946
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 66iervolino.docx
        date: 2018-06-29
       words: 4227
      flesch: 61
     summary: The results are presented through material temperatures during the combustion cycle and for the following time period without heat production, i.e. only heat release. The heat production profile of Case 2 is compared with the base case profile in Figure 3. Figure 3: Heat production profile for Case 2 and 3, compared with the base case.
    keywords: case; combustion; heat; heat production; heat release; stove
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        item: #4510 of 7527
          id: cet-2948
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 66iervolino.docx
        date: 2018-06-29
       words: 3093
      flesch: 45
     summary: Two other indicators were also used: per capita production and production relative to gross domestic product (GDP), with population data for European countries and other continents, allowing important conclusions to be drawn regarding the issue of sustainable development and environmental impact. This study examines world scientific production on sustainable development on the basis of bibliometric indicators (scientific production, percentage variation of production, average cites per document, normalized impact, etc.) for the period 2007-2017.
    keywords: area; countries; development; group; impact; production; research
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        item: #4511 of 7527
          id: cet-2949
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 66iervolino.docx
        date: 2018-06-29
       words: 2761
      flesch: 51
     summary: The obtained results indicate that Ni /mayenite catalyst needs higher temperature to activate and leads to lower value of toluene conversion with respect to Ni / alumina. The tests were performed in a fixed bed reactor with steam to carbon ratio ranging from 5, typical for steam reforming of naphtha, and 1 in order to simulate the typical conditions of a pyrolysis reactor where usually water and tar have a 1:1 ratio.
    keywords: biomass; catalyst; mayenite; reforming; steam; tar
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        item: #4512 of 7527
          id: cet-2950
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 66iervolino.docx
        date: 2018-06-29
       words: 3570
      flesch: 38
     summary: Therefore, hydrogen production process showed some limitations, which could be related to the low S/X ratio (Florio, 2017). In order to assure hydrogen production, additional tests were conducted collecting gas in Tedlar® bags and using BIOGAS 5000® Landtec to verify gas composition.
    keywords: cocoa; coffee; dark; energy; fermentation; hydrogen; manure; mucilage; pig; process; production; waste
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        item: #4513 of 7527
          id: cet-2951
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 66iervolino.docx
        date: 2018-06-29
       words: 2740
      flesch: 47
     summary: Diesel detergent is a kind of surface active material with polar groups that can be adsorbed on engine deposits (Shahir et al., 2014) and sparsely disperse them into fine particles easily dissolved by the fuel and rinsed out (Gulzar et al., 2017). 2.2 Test program Detergency evaluation: 12 types of diesel detergents available in domestic and foreign markets are chosen and added to 0# base diesel, reported as 1# ~ 12#, at a ratio of 300μg·g-1.
    keywords: cleaning; deposits; detergent; diesel; engine; fuel; power; soot; test
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        item: #4514 of 7527
          id: cet-2952
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 66iervolino.docx
        date: 2018-06-29
       words: 2590
      flesch: 54
     summary: Sureshkumar K., Velraj R., Ganesan R., 2008, Performance characteristics and exhaust emissions of a spark ignition engine powered by Pongamiapinnata methyl ester (PPME) and its mixtures with diesel fuel, Renew Energy, 33, 2294-302. In certainty, the improvement of diesel engine and bio diesel has concurrent history of mechanical progressions and financial battle.
    keywords: blends; compression; diesel; emission; engine; fuel; oil; ratio
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        item: #4515 of 7527
          id: cet-2953
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 66iervolino.docx
        date: 2018-06-29
       words: 2903
      flesch: 49
     summary: Several 265 DOI: 10.3303/CET1865045 Please cite this article as: Barrozo F., Valencia Ochoa G., Cardenas Y., 2018, Computational simulation of the gas emission in a biomass on grid energy system using homer pro software, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 65, 265-270 DOI: 10.3303/CET1865045 studies are available trying to quantify global biomass potential (Hoogwijk M. et al. 2005), present a viable alternative option to replace fossil fuels. 4. Conclusions In this article, we presented an environmental feasibility study for biogas energy grid operating with biogas obtained from biomass from livestock sector manure and urban organic solid waste, to supply the energy of a group of office buildings.
    keywords: biogas; biomass; energy; greenhouse; grid; production; supply; system
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        item: #4516 of 7527
          id: cet-2954
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 66iervolino.docx
        date: 2018-06-29
       words: 2962
      flesch: 53
     summary: Results of 271 DOI: 10.3303/CET1865046 Please cite this article as: Ravi V. Rambha , Ting X. Ren , 2018, Study of the susceptibility of coal for spontaneous combustion using adiabatic oxidation method, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 65, 271-276 DOI: 10.3303/CET1865046 moisture content, heat of wetting effect, size fraction, nitrogen suppression and ageing of coal sample tests are presented and discussed. Coal oxidation obeys an Arrhenius type rate law, whereby the reaction rate increases exponentially with increased temperature (Zhu et al., 2013).
    keywords: coal; heating; oxidation; rise; sample; self; temperature
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        item: #4517 of 7527
          id: cet-2955
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 66iervolino.docx
        date: 2018-06-29
       words: 3869
      flesch: 50
     summary: Development of fluidized bed combustion-An overview of trends, performance and cost. Hence, the optimization of combustion systems, in particular the use of fluidized bed combustion technologies, can make the energy recovery much more efficient, mitigating technical problems related to the physico-chemical characteristics of lignin (Solimene et al., 2016b).
    keywords: air; bed; cfb; combustion; design; lignin; mass; model; rate; riser
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        item: #4518 of 7527
          id: cet-2956
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 66iervolino.docx
        date: 2018-06-29
       words: 3914
      flesch: 51
     summary: Sugar utilization can be a good indicator of the fermentation performance as well. Sugar utilization, S (%) is calculated for both glucose, SG and xylose, SX as well for the total sugar by using Eq(5).
    keywords: butanol; cell; fermenter; glucose; sugar; utilization; xylose
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        item: #4519 of 7527
          id: cet-2957
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 66iervolino.docx
        date: 2018-06-29
       words: 3351
      flesch: 51
     summary: We fitted growth models with different types of interactions to the growth rate data obtained with varying sugar concentrations. 2.4 Estimation of growth rate We estimated the maximum specific growth rate, µmax (h -1 ) during the exponential growth phase where the nutrient concentration is large enough that the growth rate is independent of nutrient concentration.
    keywords: glucose; growth; growth rate; ksg; ksx; model; rate; substrate; xylose
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        item: #4520 of 7527
          id: cet-2958
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 66iervolino.docx
        date: 2018-06-29
       words: 3712
      flesch: 42
     summary: More comprehensively, this paper proposes a proper process for culturing aerobic biofilm reactors since it can effectively clean up phosphorus-contaminated water bodies. However, due to multiple elements that contaminate the modern water bodies, the sewage treatment process involving aerobic biofilm reactor still has a big gap to be filled in the future.
    keywords: biofilm; concentration; filler; phosphorus; process; reactor; removal; sludge; treatment; wastewater; water
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        item: #4521 of 7527
          id: cet-2959
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 66iervolino.docx
        date: 2018-06-29
       words: 2540
      flesch: 46
     summary: Conventional energy generation system 2. The implemented model with the assistance of HOMER pro aimed simulates different operational scenarios when using natural gas, biogas, and diesel as energy resource on the systems.
    keywords: biogas; cost; diesel; energy; fuel; generation; production; system
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        item: #4522 of 7527
          id: cet-296
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 211.docx
        date: 2017-10-04
       words: 3464
      flesch: 50
     summary: (2014) created an open source CFD simulation model for calculating pyrolysis reactions in a fluidised bed reactor. Reaction parameters for reactions Eq(4) – Eq(6) were already known.
    keywords: biomass; cellulose; compartment; gasification; model; parameters; pyrolysis; reaction; reactor
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        item: #4523 of 7527
          id: cet-2960
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 66iervolino.docx
        date: 2018-06-29
       words: 3390
      flesch: 48
     summary: In this work, Xylo- oligosaccharides production was studied by autohydrolysis reaction in micro-reactors (50 mL). 2.3 Analytical Methods A sample of 2 mL of the liquid phase obtained after autohydrolysis reaction was filtered through a 0.22-µm syringe filter and analysed by HPLC to measure the amounts of monosaccharides and furfural.
    keywords: autohydrolysis; hemicellulose; kinetic; reaction; scb; wt.%
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        item: #4524 of 7527
          id: cet-2961
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 66iervolino.docx
        date: 2018-06-29
       words: 2562
      flesch: 44
     summary: Benelmir R., 1998, Energy cogeneration systems and energy management strategy, Energy Convers Manage, 39, 1791–802. Biogas can be used in generation systems in places where the availability of natural gas may be compromised, while natural gas is used in conventional electricity distribution services.
    keywords: biogas; chp; cost; energy; figure; gas; load; system
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        item: #4525 of 7527
          id: cet-2962
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 66iervolino.docx
        date: 2018-06-29
       words: 3575
      flesch: 46
     summary: On the other hand, from the viewpoint of dynamics, the difference of activation barriers between C=C and C=O in the reaction of molecular hydrogenation is very small while the barrier of C=C atomic hydrogenation is pronounced lower than that of C=O. Comparing with the results of acrolein hydrogenation, C=C hydrogenation can be hindered by introducing heavy end groups because of the steric effect. Firstly, the heat release for C=C hydrogenation of crotonaldehyde is 52.10 kJ/mol more than that of C=O at the CBS-APNO level of theory.
    keywords: b3lyp; bond; crotonaldehyde; hydrogenation; mol; reaction; results
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        item: #4526 of 7527
          id: cet-2963
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 66iervolino.docx
        date: 2018-06-29
       words: 2655
      flesch: 49
     summary: When residence time was defined as the length of gas bubble divided by gas liquid relative velocity, liquid side mass transfer coefficient was to penetration theory (Haghnegahdar et al., 2016). It is difficult to measure liquid side mass transfer coefficient in the narrow microchannel.
    keywords: coefficient; film; flow; gas; liquid; mass; slug; transfer
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        item: #4527 of 7527
          id: cet-2964
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 66iervolino.docx
        date: 2018-06-29
       words: 3198
      flesch: 48
     summary: After 72 h of cultivation, these cells were used in sufficient amount to inoculate 1 mg of cells (dry weight) per ml of biosurfactant production media. pamaral@eq.ufrj.br The use of agroindustrial wastes for biosurfactant production is advantageous since the raw material represents a great part of the costs to obtain this bio-product.
    keywords: biosurfactant; corn; csl; medium; nut; production; tiger; tnf
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        item: #4528 of 7527
          id: cet-2965
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 66iervolino.docx
        date: 2018-06-29
       words: 2922
      flesch: 68
     summary: Cooling water can be properly reused by designing an optimal cooler network. In order to transport cooling water from tower to coolers, pumps consumed a huge quantity of electricity.
    keywords: air; cooler; cooling; cost; system; tower; water
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        item: #4529 of 7527
          id: cet-2966
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 66iervolino.docx
        date: 2018-07-05
       words: 3562
      flesch: 50
     summary: (a) (b) Figure 5: Effect of polymer viscosity on (a) CaCl2 concentration; (b) MgCl2 concentration Both figures demonstrate all tested polymers becoming less viscous in the presence of divalent ion and increase in divalent ion concentration leads to a greater reduction in viscosity of the polymers except for PP and AG, which exhibit a minimum change in viscosity reduction. In the salinity and divalent test, Ca2+ ion causes a greater reduction of polymer viscosity than Mg2+ followed by Na+.
    keywords: concentration; divalent; effect; hpam; oil; polymer; shear; viscosity
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        item: #4530 of 7527
          id: cet-2967
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 66iervolino.docx
        date: 2018-06-29
       words: 3230
      flesch: 42
     summary: As amply reported, the in-depth technical analysis of case histories can improve our understanding of the hazards related to novel and consolidated processes or activities, forcing operators to take appropriate risk preventive and mitigating measures (Vairo et al., 2017).Taking into account that the concept of risk analysis is intimately linked with the idea of uncertainty, statistical analysis appears to be an instrument of primary relevance for the optimal choice of the strategy. 2.1 The Bayesian theory and risk analysis A Bayesian Belief Network (BBN) is a sort of statistical model; specifically, it is a probabilistic graphical model which represents a set of random variables with their mutual dependencies via Directed Acyclic Graph (DAG).
    keywords: analysis; bayesian; data; failure; probability; risk
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        item: #4531 of 7527
          id: cet-2968
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 66iervolino.docx
        date: 2018-06-29
       words: 3134
      flesch: 53
     summary: Figure 4: Correlation between pellet moisture and durability 359 4. Figure 3: Obtained pellet from test 3 (up-left), test 6 (up-right), test 11 (down-left) and test 14 (down-right)
    keywords: biochar; content; d.b; moisture; pellet; pelletizing; sawdust
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        item: #4532 of 7527
          id: cet-2969
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 66iervolino.docx
        date: 2018-06-29
       words: 4035
      flesch: 53
     summary: This means that higher aerosol emissions have to be expected for torrefied fuels. The test results also indicate higher bed temperatures for torrefied fuels during char burnout.
    keywords: aerosol; ash; biomass; combustion; emissions; fuels; scl; torrefied; untreated
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        item: #4533 of 7527
          id: cet-297
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 211.docx
        date: 2017-10-04
       words: 3004
      flesch: 26
     summary: The total amounts in of G USD from 2005 to 2013 are presented in Figure 2. Figure 2: The total amount of environmental protection cost by Russian Federation chemical companies of the Responsible Care® program. Different equations are used to determine the economic damage from air pollution, see e.g. Eq(1): (1) where Уatm – is economic damage to the atmosphere, RUB/y; I – indexation coefficient to payment rates for reporting year; Ya – specific damage caused by emission of 1 reference t of pollutant, RUB/ref t (Ya=144 RUB/ref t (2.46 USD/ref t)); Kxi – coefficient relative aggressiveness emitted into the atmosphere ith pollutant (relative risk characterizes impurities present ith species in the air inhaled by man in relation to the level of danger of conditional pollutant – CO2), ref t/t (16.43 ref t/t – for emissions SO2, 41.08 ref t/t – for emissions NO2, 1 ref t/t – for emissions CO, 0.04 ref t/t – for emissions CO2total); m – mass of annual emissions of the pollutant, t. 1479 Figure 3: The data reported by Russian Federation chemical companies of the Responsible Care® program a) Dynamics of hazardous waste disposal by years; b) Dynamics of non-hazardous waste (hazard class V) disposal by years; c) Amount of discharges from sewage phosphorous-containing compounds; d) Amount of discharges from sewage nitrogen compounds.
    keywords: care; chemical; companies; damage; program; protection
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        item: #4534 of 7527
          id: cet-2970
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 66iervolino.docx
        date: 2018-06-29
       words: 4011
      flesch: 54
     summary: X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy and magnetic properties of iron- containing samples were carried out according procedure reported earlier (Tsodikov, 2017). It should be mentioned that Ni –containing nanoparticles deposed on lignin surface from organosol (Tsodikov, 2017) and Fe –containing particles demonstrate similar magnetic behavior.
    keywords: carbon; heating; iron; lignin; microwave; nanoparticles; particles; reforming; samples; surface; temperature; wt.%
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        item: #4535 of 7527
          id: cet-2971
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 66iervolino.docx
        date: 2018-06-29
       words: 3679
      flesch: 48
     summary: Saturated fatty acids are fatty acids without carbon-carbon double bond for example: stearic acid. They concluded that the hydrogen has an influence on the reaction pathways: in the presence of hydrogen the transformation of fatty acid occurred via reduction to intermediates (aldehyde and alcohol) which further decarbonylate to hydrocarbons while under inert atmosphere hydrocarbon formation occurred via decarboxylation of lauric acid.
    keywords: acid; fatty; feedstock; h-1; hydrogen; lhsv; products; temperature
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        item: #4536 of 7527
          id: cet-2972
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 66iervolino.docx
        date: 2018-06-29
       words: 3052
      flesch: 53
     summary: The error function F ( ,n) - n being the reaction order of reaction 5 - is represented by Eq(4) and has as input variables experimental data (apex: “exp”) obtained at different HTC reaction times and the corresponding data computed by the model (apex: “mod”). The kinetics model, developed in MATLABTM, was used in a best fitting routine with HTC experimental data obtained for a representative ligno-cellulosic biomass (grape marc) and it is easily applicable to any kinds of feedstock.
    keywords: carbon; htc; kinetics; model; reaction
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        item: #4537 of 7527
          id: cet-2973
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 66iervolino.docx
        date: 2018-06-29
       words: 3557
      flesch: 49
     summary: A publication of The Italian Association of Chemical Engineering Online at www.aidic.it/cet Guest Editors: Eliseo Ranzi, Mario Costa Copyright © 2018, AIDIC Servizi S.r.l. ISBN 978-88-95608- 62-4; ISSN 2283-9216 Pre-treatment of Waste Cooking Oils for Biodiesel Production Iván Dario Casallasa, Elver Carvajala, Erika Mahechaa, Camilo Castrillóna, Hernán Gómeza, Camilo Lópezb, Dionisio Malagón-Romeroa* a Universidad Santo Tomás, GEAMEC Research Group, Bogotá, Colombia b Universidad ECCI, Bogotá, Colombia dionisiomalagon@usantotomas.edu.co Production of waste cooking oil in big cities is a problem for public health in different countries around the world. Moisture decreases the performance of the transesterification reaction, since water 385 DOI: 10.3303/CET1865065 Please cite this article as: Casallas I.D., Carvajal E., Mahecha E., Castrillon C., Gomez H., Lopez C., Malagon-Romero D., 2018, Pretreatment of waste cooking oils for biodiesel production, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 65, 385-390 DOI: 10.3303/CET1865065 reacts with alkaline catalysts to generate emulsions (Carlini et al., 2014), and displaces the equilibrium of the transesterification reaction toward the reactants, causing hydrolysis of the oil.
    keywords: biodiesel; cooking; oil; production; waste; wco
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        item: #4538 of 7527
          id: cet-2974
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 66iervolino.docx
        date: 2018-06-29
       words: 3529
      flesch: 46
     summary: In general the release of constituents through leaching is smaller for gasification ashes which are linked to the mineralogy of the ashes. In particular cases the bottom ashes from gasification process are clearly less dangerous than the ones resulting from direct combustion of the same material (e.g. due to the type of chromium compounds, carbon content etc.).
    keywords: ash; ashes; biomass; feathers; gasification; process; waste
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        item: #4539 of 7527
          id: cet-2975
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 66iervolino.docx
        date: 2018-06-29
       words: 3346
      flesch: 48
     summary: We considered the possibility of a system that may contain up to four phases: solid, gas, organic liquid and aqueous liquid phases. However, 399 this pressure effect is more accentuated for high temperatures than low temperatures.
    keywords: fischer; liquid; phase; pressure; ratio; temperature
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        item: #4540 of 7527
          id: cet-2976
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 66iervolino.docx
        date: 2018-06-29
       words: 3108
      flesch: 47
     summary: Pseudomonas putida DSM 6125, Bacillus cereus DSM 31 and Cupriavidus necator DSM 428, obtained from the German Culture Collection (DSMZ, Braunschweig, Germany) were inoculated individually to pre-treated BSG after a preadaptation steps in LB medium (24 h, 30 ºC). 3.2 Kinetic growth of strains in alkaline pre-treated BSG The growth of C. necator, B. cereus and P. putida in alkaline pre-treated BSG was studied.
    keywords: biomass; bsg; growth; pha; pre; production; putida
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        item: #4541 of 7527
          id: cet-2977
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 66iervolino.docx
        date: 2018-06-29
       words: 3230
      flesch: 50
     summary: The CHPC process, in addition to electrical and heat energy, converts biogas into valuable biochemicals like methanol (MeOH), dimethyl ether (DME), acetic acid (AA) and others which, differently from biogas and 409 DOI: 10.3303/CET1865069 Please cite this article as: Previtali D., Vita A., Bassani A., Italiano C., Furtado Amaral A., Pirola C., Pino L., Palella A., Manenti F., 2018, Methanol synthesis: a distributed production concept based on biogas plants, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 65, 409-414 DOI: 10.3303/CET1865069 biomethane, are easier to transport, with a higher added value and make effective the CO 2 utilization. This compact methanol production plant can be replicated on different biogas plants to achieve the on-spec bulk production of methanol in dedicated geographical areas; this concept is in clear contrast with the traditional value chain of large biorefineries.
    keywords: biogas; chemical; dme; heat; methanol; plant; process; production; synthesis
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        item: #4542 of 7527
          id: cet-2978
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 66iervolino.docx
        date: 2018-06-29
       words: 2598
      flesch: 40
     summary: Ruggeri (2012), Mancuso (2015), and Stein and Ray (2016) analysed SNG production from waste gasification and biogas upgrading as a clean and low carbon alternative to natural gas used in the transition phase to a low carbon economy. Figure 2: Biogas upgrading and SNG production by renewable Hydrogen block flow diagram.
    keywords: biogas; biomass; gas; methanation; power; production; sng
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        item: #4543 of 7527
          id: cet-2979
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 66iervolino.docx
        date: 2018-06-29
       words: 2560
      flesch: 44
     summary: Table 3: Comparisons between the experimental and predicted values for insoluble lignin content in the biomass after hydrogen peroxide pretreatment. The biomass delignification process is satisfactory when lower insoluble lignin content in the material is observed.
    keywords: biomass; content; h2o2; insoluble; lignin; model; pretreatment
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        item: #4544 of 7527
          id: cet-298
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-298
        date: 2017-10-11
       words: 3723
      flesch: 58
     summary: The experimental value of heat transfer effectiveness is calculated by Eq(11) 1486 25 21 TE 11 21 t t t t     (11) The analysis of Eq(4) indicates that some reduction of heat transfer effectiveness in one pass is caused by existence of two sub-passes with not symmetrical flow arrangement (2 sub-passes for hot stream – 1 pass for cold stream).
    keywords: ammonia; column; exchanger; flow; gas; heat; pass; plate; temperature; transfer; wphe
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        item: #4545 of 7527
          id: cet-2980
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 66iervolino.docx
        date: 2018-06-29
       words: 3538
      flesch: 45
     summary: Using ANOVA statistical techniques, algal preparation method and algal bed thickness or bed density and their influence on drying rate were examined. Drying rates were modelled in a pragmatic way, by assuming diffusion to be the dominant mechanism and using Fick’s Second Law of Diffusion to characterise drying in terms of a materials effective diffusivity and thickness.
    keywords: algae; drying; macroalgae; moisture; oedogonium; preparation; rate; samples; thickness; time
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        item: #4546 of 7527
          id: cet-2981
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 66iervolino.docx
        date: 2018-06-29
       words: 2923
      flesch: 51
     summary: Linear Quadratic Regulator (LQR) plays a crucial role in optimal control systems with a lot of applications including chemical process control, airplane flight control, motor control, etc. (Li et al., 2008). This paper deals with the development and test optimal control strategies that adapt their operations to confront some unstable circumstances in biological biomass processes, such as variations in the operation conditions, broadly affecting the industrial scale implementation.
    keywords: control; lqr; model; performance; process; variables
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        item: #4547 of 7527
          id: cet-2982
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 66iervolino.docx
        date: 2018-09-01
       words: 3107
      flesch: 48
     summary: 2.4 Development of neural networks model Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) modelling performs a nonlinear mapping between inputs and outputs without the necessity of requiring minimal prior knowledge of the system, an alternative method for the generation of process models. Neural models have been used in minerals processing as reported by Zhang et al. (2017) and Bhunia et al. (2015).
    keywords: biosurfactant; floatability; hematite; mineral; model; network; neural; recovery
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        item: #4548 of 7527
          id: cet-2983
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 66iervolino.docx
        date: 2018-06-29
       words: 2972
      flesch: 44
     summary: 448 Table 3 - Swelling ratio and kinetic parameters values for polyacrylamide hydrogel samples. To verify if the reduction of water content in biodiesel was due to the hydrogel action and not due to mass transfer of water from biodiesel to air, a mixture of biodiesel and water without hydrogel was also monitored (blank sample).
    keywords: aam; biodiesel; co-0; hydrogel; swelling; water
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        item: #4549 of 7527
          id: cet-2984
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 66iervolino.docx
        date: 2018-06-29
       words: 4193
      flesch: 47
     summary: Nagaraja et al. (2015) observed that BTE of palm oil biodiesel at 20 % blends is higher than diesel fuel. Sivalakshmi S., Balusamy T., 2012, Influence of ethanol addition on a diesel engine fuelled with neem oil methyl ester, International Journal of Green Energy, 9(3), 218-228. Subbaiah G., Gopal K., 2011, An experimental investigation on the performance and emission characteristics of a diesel engine fuelled with ricebran biodiesel and ethanol blends, International Journal of Green Energy, Vol 8(2), 197-208. Tuccar G., Ozgur T., Aydın K.,2014, Effect of diesel–microalgae biodiesel–butanol blends on performance and emissions of diesel engine, Fuel, Vol 132, 47–52. Vedaraman N., Puhan S., Nagarajan G., Velappan K., 2011, Preparation of palm oil biodiesel and effect of various additives on NOx emission reduction in B20: an experimental study, International Journal of Green Energy, Vol 8(3), 383-397.
    keywords: additives; biodiesel; diesel; emission; engine; et al; fuel; oil; performance
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        item: #4550 of 7527
          id: cet-2985
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 66iervolino.docx
        date: 2018-06-29
       words: 3591
      flesch: 48
     summary: In the present work the thermogravimetric (TG) behavior under inert atmosphere of pure green coconut fiber and mixtures thereof with a spinel phase (Fe2CoO4) as catalyst (50% w/w) has been studied. (b) Infrared spectrum of pure green coconut fiber.
    keywords: analysis; biomass; catalyst; coconut; degradation; energy; fiber; figure; presence
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        item: #4551 of 7527
          id: cet-2986
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 66iervolino.docx
        date: 2018-06-29
       words: 3726
      flesch: 57
     summary: The technical specifications of bidirectional DC to DC converter are as follows: low voltage terminal nominal input voltage is 12V, during charging and discharging voltage, it may change from 8V to 16V. The nominal input voltage of high voltage terminal is 288V, and the working voltage range varies between 255V-425V. The nominal charge and discharge power is 1.5kW, and the switching frequency 50kHz is for safety. 463 DOI: 10.3303/CET1865078 Please cite this article as: Peng Wang , 2018, Design of a fast energy storage and energy conversion system for electric vehicle, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 65, 463-468 DOI: 10.3303/CET1865078 Figure 1: The basic circuits of DC/DC converter 2.
    keywords: circuit; control; converter; current; dc converter; energy; power; pwm; system; voltage
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        item: #4552 of 7527
          id: cet-2987
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 66iervolino.docx
        date: 2018-06-29
       words: 3070
      flesch: 42
     summary: Figure 2: Biosurfactant concentration results for Aiba-Shonda, Levenspiel and Andrews models. On the other hand, Aiba- Shonda’s model was able to accurately anticipate the evolution of substrate consumption, biomass growth and dissolved oxygen concentration.
    keywords: aiba; biosurfactant; concentration; growth; model; oxygen; production; shonda; substrate
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        item: #4553 of 7527
          id: cet-2988
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 66iervolino.docx
        date: 2018-06-29
       words: 3717
      flesch: 33
     summary: The informatization construction of China's chemical industry 475 DOI: 10.3303/CET1865080 Please cite this article as: Lin Yang , 2018, Design of production management system in erp of coal chemical industry, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 65, 475-480 DOI: 10.3303/CET1865080 has also been one of the most concerned areas in the information service industry. To sum up, the above research work mainly studies the background of ERP in chemical industry and the development process of ERP system, but the research on the design of production management system in coal chemical industry ERP is very few.
    keywords: chemical; chemical industry; coal; coal chemical; erp; industry; management; production; section; system
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        item: #4554 of 7527
          id: cet-2989
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 66iervolino.docx
        date: 2018-06-29
       words: 2815
      flesch: 46
     summary: Modeling techniques that use artificial 481 DOI: 10.3303/CET1865081 Please cite this article as: Grossi C.D., Fileti A.M.F., Santos B., 2018, Neural model to describe microbial concentration in the bioreactor for biosurfactant production using waste substrate, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 65, 481-486 DOI: 10.3303/CET1865081 intelligence, such as modeling based on artificial neural networks (ANNs). Neural network model developed.
    keywords: biosurfactant; concentration; logsig; model; network; neural; process; production
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        item: #4555 of 7527
          id: cet-299
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 211.docx
        date: 2017-10-04
       words: 3338
      flesch: 53
     summary: Solar thermochemical processes take place in solar reactors. To maintain production efficiency, it is crucial to have homogenous temperature distribution inside solar reactor.
    keywords: field; flow; heat; nozzle; radiation; reactor; temperature
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        item: #4556 of 7527
          id: cet-2990
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 66iervolino.docx
        date: 2018-06-29
       words: 3098
      flesch: 32
     summary: Hence, the effective measures and policies should be taken to gradually reduce the unfavourable effect of food safety issue on the society and economy: Further improve the Food Safety Law of the People’s Republic of China: For different food industries and food categories, subdivide the penalty type of food safety, and then effectively promote the rule performance according to their respective characteristics; besides, enhance the punishment intensity for illegal vendors, and contain the occurrence of food safety incidents in the food supply source. Food poisoning incidents (FPI) is one of the important index to measure the food safety.
    keywords: food; fpi; incidents; occurrence; poisoning; safety; series; time
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        item: #4557 of 7527
          id: cet-2991
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 66iervolino.docx
        date: 2018-06-29
       words: 3253
      flesch: 55
     summary: Figure 1: Coal direct liquefaction yields versus the coal content of the mixture. Due to the decrease of petroleum reserves, there is an increasing interest in using direct coal liquefaction (DCL) to produce liquid fuels, as coal reserves are much bigger than petroleum ones (You, 2017).
    keywords: coal; liquefaction; liquids; pressure; temperature; yields
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        item: #4558 of 7527
          id: cet-2992
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 66iervolino.docx
        date: 2018-06-29
       words: 3518
      flesch: 42
     summary: k: actual demand rate x: zones with surplus compost y: zones short of compost 4.3 Analysis of compost shift among different regions (1) East Henan region: Please refer to Figure 3 for quantity of compost shifted between zones in ton·km based on actual utilization rate in east Henan region. In the principle of geographical adjacency and similarity in agricultural production, the 499 DOI: 10.3303/CET1865084 Please cite this article as: Qingsheng Zhou , Ying Cui , Yao Wang , Xinzheng Li , Yichuan Zhang , 2018, A study on compost shift in agriculture of henan province, china, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 65, 499-504 DOI: 10.3303/CET1865084 author classified the province into five compost utilization regions, namely, east Henan region (including Sangqiu City, Zhoukou City, and Kaifeng City), west Henan region (including Pingdingshan City, Sanmenxia City, and Luoyang City), south Henan region (including Zhumadian City, Xinyang City, and Nanyang City), north Henan region (including Hebi City, Puyang City, Anyang City, Jiaozuo City, Jiyuan City, and Xinxiang City), and central Henan region (including Xuchang City, Luohe City, and Zhengzhou City).
    keywords: city; compost; demand; henan; rate; region; supply
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        item: #4559 of 7527
          id: cet-2993
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 66iervolino.docx
        date: 2018-07-13
       words: 4014
      flesch: 58
     summary: 505 DOI: 10.3303/CET1865085 Please cite this article as: Galeano B., Ladino A., Malagon-Romero D., 2018, Parametric algorithm for the study of technical and economic feasibility of biodiesel production plants at small and medium scale in colombia, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 65, 505-510 DOI: 10.3303/CET1865085 However, the production of biodiesel from recycled materials such as WCO and animal fats, has several technical challenges about the kind of transterification process (alcaki or acid) and also the need of pretreatment of recycled oils such as moisture reduction, solid particle filtering and reduction of Free Fatty Acids (FFA) via esterification, which impacts directly in the class and yield of the whole process (Talebian- kiakalaieh et al., 2013; Zhang et al., 2003). Table 1 shows the most relevant cost functions for the capacity and cost of equipment for biodiesel production plant with alkali transterification.
    keywords: biodiesel; cost; equipment; et al; oil; plant; production; wco
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        item: #4560 of 7527
          id: cet-2994
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 66iervolino.docx
        date: 2018-06-29
       words: 2985
      flesch: 43
     summary: For this purpose, this paper takes a tap water quality in eastern coastal cities as the study case, combines tap feedwater treatment process and tap water supply pipeline system to study it in attempt to provide a basis for improving treatment process and tap water quality in this regard. Ammonia nitrogen content in water source is slightly higher in summer than in winter, and the pretreatment process can effectively reduce the ammonia nitrogen content in water; the oxygen consumption drops a little after biological pretreatment; By using OUT statistical analysis and DNA match, we have clarified the radial space distribution and diversity of microbial communities in large-diameter pipelines of water supply systems.
    keywords: bacteria; drainage; middle; pool; process; supply; system; tap; water
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        item: #4561 of 7527
          id: cet-2995
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 66iervolino.docx
        date: 2018-06-29
       words: 3060
      flesch: 36
     summary: In this study, the experiments, performed in duplicate, consist of batchings with combinations of temperature values (25, 35 and 45 ° C) and hydrogen peroxide concentration values (1,5, 3,0, 4,5 and 7 , 5% v / v). Hydrogen peroxide delignification is an alternative to conventional processes that provide energy and environmental demands for a cleaner process in terms of product generation.
    keywords: ann; delignification; hydrogen; lignin; peroxide; process; raman; sugarcane
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        item: #4562 of 7527
          id: cet-2996
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 66iervolino.docx
        date: 2018-06-29
       words: 3876
      flesch: 44
     summary: Wang et al. (2016) analyzed the NOx emissions under oxygen-rich combustion of coal combustion. The burning temperature increased with the CaO because CaO made the SO2 formed by coal combustion to form CaSO3 or CaSO4, which was fixed on the surface of the carbon particles and blocked the pores, resulting in a decrease in the combustion performance of the coal.
    keywords: biomass; coal; combustion; denitrification; efficiency; temperature; tio2
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        item: #4563 of 7527
          id: cet-2997
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 66iervolino.docx
        date: 2018-06-29
       words: 3142
      flesch: 44
     summary: Artificial neural network (ANN) can be an example of intelligent model. These data were used for testing and training artificial neural networks.
    keywords: analysis; ann; catalyst; data; loss; mass; model; neural; temperature
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        item: #4564 of 7527
          id: cet-2998
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 66iervolino.docx
        date: 2018-06-29
       words: 3794
      flesch: 46
     summary: References Adeel S., Usman M., Haider W., Saeed M., Muneer M., Ali M. 2015, Dyeing of gamma irradiated cotton using Direct Yellow 12 and Direct Yellow 27: improvement in colour strength and fastness properties, Cellulose, 22(3), 2095-2105, DOI: 10.1007/s10570-015-0596-0 Boudin M., Bonafini M., Berghe I.V., Maquoi M.C. 2016, Naturally Dyed Wool and Silk and Their Atomic C: N Ratio for Quality Control of 14 C Sample Treatment, Radiocarbon, 58(1), 55-68, DOI: 10.1017/rdc.2015.5 Economides D. 2014, Effect of drying methods on dyeing capacity of dyestuff plant materials, Drying Technology, 32(12), 1500-1511, DOI: 10.1080/07373937.2014.903409 Mall A., Saxena H.O., Agrawal N., Sarkar N. 2014, Development of various shades on cotton fabrics using natural dyes from leaves of Butea monosperma for application on handloom and crafts products, Indian J Trop Biodiv, 22(2), 210-213, DOI: 10.24247/ijtftoct20173 Mcneil S.J., Hu Y., Zaitseva L.I. 2015, A study of the ability of modified dyeing, and post-dyeing processes to increase the crystallinity of dyestuffs and the lightfastness of wool textiles, Key Engineering Materials, 671, 103-108, DOI: 10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.671.103 Mohini K., Tejashree L., Vijay N. 2018, Dataset on analysis of dyeing property of natural dye from thespesia populneabark on different fabrics, Data in Brief, 16(C), 401-410, DOI: 10.1016/j.dib.2017.11.063 Shabbir M., Islam S.U., Bukhari M.N., Rather L.J., Khan M.A., Mohammad F. 2017, Application of Terminalia chebula natural dye on wool fiber - evaluation of color and fastness properties, Textiles and Clothing Sustainability, 2(1), 1, DOI: 10.1186/s40689-016-0011-8 Yasukawa A., Chida A., Kato Y., Kasai M. 2017, Dyeing silk and cotton fabrics using natural blackcurrants, Textile Research Journal, 87(19), 2379-2387, DOI: 10.1177/0040517516671125 540 Indian Y.M. extracted natural plant dyes from phyllanthus reticulatus for cotton fabric dyeing, and studied its dyeing properties and application effects (Economides, 2014).
    keywords: color; cotton; dyeing; dyestuffs; fiber; plant; solution; stripping; turmeric
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        item: #4565 of 7527
          id: cet-2999
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 66iervolino.docx
        date: 2018-06-29
       words: 3549
      flesch: 48
     summary: Chemical Engineering Transactions, 56, 493-494. Cabeza I., Thomas M., Vásquez A., Acevedo P., Hernández M., 2016, Anaerobic Co-digestion of Organic Residues from Different Productive Sectors in Colombia: Biomethanation Potential Assessment, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 49, 64-71. Fierro J., Martínez J.E., Rosas J.G., Blanco D., Gómez X., 2014, Anaerobic co-digestion of poultry manure and sewage sludge under solid-phase configuration.
    keywords: anaerobic; digestion; manure; methane; mixtures; production; substrate; waste
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        item: #4566 of 7527
          id: cet-300
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 211.docx
        date: 2017-10-04
       words: 2935
      flesch: 46
     summary: In developing country, biogas technology is more widely used as fuel for heating at household level such as in Bangladesh (Khan et al., 2014). Review has also been done to compare biogas upgrading technologies and its utilization.
    keywords: biogas; biomethane; countries; energy; fuel; generation; government; policy; technology
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        item: #4567 of 7527
          id: cet-3000
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 66iervolino.docx
        date: 2018-06-29
       words: 3634
      flesch: 37
     summary: It can be seen that the use of bamboo charcoal sulfoacid catalyst in the transesterification reaction of glycerin triacetate and methyl alcohol greatly reduces the activation energy of the reaction and effectively promotes the reaction. However, acidic oxygen groups desorbed at reaction temperatures, so these groups likely do not participate in cracking reactions (Klinghoffer et al., 2015).
    keywords: acid; alcohol; bamboo; biomass; carbon; catalyst; glycerol; reaction; solid; sulfoacid; triacetate
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        item: #4568 of 7527
          id: cet-3001
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 66iervolino.docx
        date: 2018-06-29
       words: 3811
      flesch: 47
     summary: Gargiulo V., Alfè M., Giudicianni P., Ragucci R., 2016, A study on the structural features of the water-insoluble fraction (WIF) isolated from biomass slow steam pyrolysis liquids, Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis, 121, 128-137. In this work, a systematic study on the effect of K+ (one of the main components of inorganic matter in biomass) on xylan slow pyrolysis has been conducted with the aim of enhancing the current understanding of hemicellulose pyrolysis behaviour and to pave the way for formulating more accurate decomposition mechanisms.
    keywords: effect; gas; pyrolysis; release; temperature; xylan
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        item: #4569 of 7527
          id: cet-3002
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 66iervolino.docx
        date: 2018-06-29
       words: 3650
      flesch: 41
     summary: References Gruber T., Kai S., Scharler R. 2015, Investigation of the corrosion behaviour of 13CrMo4-5 for biomass fired boilers with coupled online corrosion and deposit probe measurements, Fuel, 144, 15-24, DOI: 10.1016/j.fuel.2014.11.071 Henderson P., Szakálos P., Pettersson R. 2015, Reducing superheater corrosion in wood-fired boilers, Materials & Corrosion, 57(2), 128-134, DOI: 10.1002/maco.200503899 Keiser J.R., Sharp W.B.A., Singbeil D.L. 2014, Could biomass-fueled boilers be operated at higher steam temperatures? The corrosion temperature selected in the experiment is 550°C and 600°C because the corrosion rate of biomass superheater tube metal will have a significant increase above 550°C.
    keywords: biomass; coating; corrosion; corrosive; metal; resistance; superheater; temperature; titanium; tubes
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        item: #4570 of 7527
          id: cet-3003
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 66iervolino.docx
        date: 2018-06-29
       words: 2719
      flesch: 36
     summary: Design of ethanol fermentation control system 3.1 Hardware design In this experiment, the fermenter control system adopts PLC as a slave computer which enables the collection, treatment and output for various parameters. The hardware equipment of ethanol fermentation control system includes four parts: pH meter, DOM, PLC slave computer and hardware circuit; the software include host computer data storage and treatment part and slave computer field data harvester and loop controller.
    keywords: computer; concentration; control; doi; ethanol; ethanol fermentation; fermentation; oxygen; process; system; technology
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        item: #4571 of 7527
          id: cet-3004
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 66iervolino.docx
        date: 2018-06-29
       words: 2981
      flesch: 49
     summary: (3) (4) From the experimental data, the condition that showed highest FAEE yield was for all maximum XT1, XC1, XMR1 and for the conversion was two for minimum XT-1 and XC-1 and one for the maximum XMR-1.68. aPark Y.M., Lee D.W., Kim D.K., Lee J.S., Lee, K.Y., 2008, The heterogeneous catalyst system for the continuous conversion of free fatty acids in used vegetable oils for the production of biodiesel, Catalysis Today, 131, 238–243.
    keywords: acid; catalyst; conversion; esters; faee; fatty; oil; temperature; yield
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        item: #4572 of 7527
          id: cet-3005
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 66iervolino.docx
        date: 2018-06-29
       words: 3385
      flesch: 50
     summary: Figure 5: DHSALi-based lithium greases produced (a)direct saponification method (b) prefabricated soap method Table 2: Basic physical-mechanical properties of lithium greases produced by the two methods Items Direct saponification method Prefabricated soap method Operating cone penetration (0.1 mm), Dropping point(°C) 251 223 219 219 Oil separation rate of steel mesh (%) 1.69 0.50 Subsequently, the soap prefabrication method was selected for preparing lithium grease with 12% thickener, and DOS and TMP were used as the base oil to investigate the properties of the grease prepared. Currently, the most popular multi-effect lubrication product is lithium grease (Zhu and Li, 2011), which is traditionally made from base oils thickened with lithium soap.
    keywords: acid; base; dhsali; figure; grease; lithium; oil
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        item: #4573 of 7527
          id: cet-3006
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 66iervolino.docx
        date: 2018-06-29
       words: 2711
      flesch: 50
     summary: 583 DOI: 10.3303/CET1865098 Please cite this article as: Nunes Soeiro T., Gurgel Adeodato Vieira M., Guirardello R., 2018, Optimization of the particle diameter profile in a fixed bed for separation of γ-valerolactone, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 65, 583-588 DOI: 10.3303/CET1865098 Therefore, the objective of this work was to optimize the profile of particle diameters in a fixed bed, for the adsorption of γ-valerolactone (GVL) from an aqueous solution containing GVL, glucose and xylose, in order to meet the requirements of a suitable pressure drop and output concentration of the GVL for the process. Nonetheless, a complementary method is still required to separate small quantities of GVL remaining in the sugar solution, which can be efficiently performed by fixed bed adsorption.
    keywords: bed; concentration; diameter; drop; particle; pressure
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        item: #4574 of 7527
          id: cet-3007
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 66iervolino.docx
        date: 2018-06-29
       words: 3670
      flesch: 36
     summary: Research Methods This study systematically investigates the effects of pore structure on the raw materials, preparation and properties of carbon anodes with image analysis, which provides theoretical basis for reducing the production cost of carbon anode and improving the performance of anode. This study purports to investigate the effect of image analysis technique on pore structure and performance of carbon anode.
    keywords: analysis; anode; carbon anode; coke; image; petroleum; pore; pore structure; structure
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        item: #4575 of 7527
          id: cet-3008
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 66iervolino.docx
        date: 2018-06-29
       words: 3797
      flesch: 45
     summary: The microorganism consortia suitable for lactic acid production are selected from buffalo dung, and compared with commercial strains of lactic acid producing bacteria. Using LB and/or BB inocula, higher LA production is obtained with the consortium of the two inocula giving the best results.
    keywords: acid; anaerobic; bacteria; pomace; production; sugars; tomato
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        item: #4576 of 7527
          id: cet-3009
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 66iervolino.docx
        date: 2018-06-29
       words: 3357
      flesch: 56
     summary: Cr removal % Final pH 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 PC S/L = 5 PC S/L = 10 PAC 3 S/L = 5 PAC 3 S/L = 10 CAC S/L = 5 CAC S/L = 10 F in a l p H q e (m g C r( II I) 2. Materials and Methods 2.1 Co-pyrolysis assays Several mixtures of rice wastes with different experimental conditions were tested in co-pyrolysis assays.
    keywords: cac; cr(iii; pac3; pyrolysis; removal
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        item: #4577 of 7527
          id: cet-301
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 211.docx
        date: 2017-10-04
       words: 3140
      flesch: 59
     summary: It is designed to predict crystal structures of materials ranging from 0-dimensional (0D) to 1D, 2D, and 3D (Wang et al., 2017). The spin-dependent energy bands along high-symmetry directions in the Brillouin zone for Fe16N2 with C2/m crystal structure are shown in Figure 4.
    keywords: atoms; compound; crystal; earth; materials; method; structure; wang; α′′-fe16n2
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        item: #4578 of 7527
          id: cet-3010
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 66iervolino.docx
        date: 2018-06-29
       words: 2666
      flesch: 43
     summary: Clearly, Figure 3 presents that due to the higher concentration of bagasse particles in the sieves with higher mesh opening, it need higher velocity than the straw to be dragged. Figure 4: Mass fraction accumulated versus terminal velocity of bagasse particles, measured and predicted by correlations of Grotart (1973), Haider and Levenspiel (1989), and Sosa-Arnao and Nebra (2009).
    keywords: bagasse; biomass; energy; levenspiel; particles; size; straw; sugarcane; velocity
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        item: #4579 of 7527
          id: cet-3011
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 66iervolino.docx
        date: 2018-06-29
       words: 2989
      flesch: 43
     summary: The extraction of bitter cassava starch has demonstrated its potential for the use of this variety of cassava which generates an added value to the product. 3.2 Statistical summary about data distribution The descriptive statistical analysis and the variance analysis (multifactorial ANOVA) were implemented to the production of bitter cassava starch with the statistical software package PAST v3.16 to evaluate if the variables affect the starch yield and if there are interactions between them.
    keywords: cassava; crushing; extraction; starch; table; temperature; value; yield
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        item: #4580 of 7527
          id: cet-3012
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 66iervolino.docx
        date: 2018-06-29
       words: 2712
      flesch: 49
     summary: Li, D., Zhang, S., Wang, G. Selection of organic Rankine cycle working fluids in the low temperature waste heat utilization. Also, depending on the type of organic fluid, there is a better configuration for the ORC, that can include a regenerator and reheating for a better efficiency.
    keywords: cycle; fluid; heat; parameters; power; vinasse
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        item: #4581 of 7527
          id: cet-3013
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 66iervolino.docx
        date: 2018-06-29
       words: 3737
      flesch: 44
     summary: Bearing this in mind, this work presents a detailed process design strategy for biomass to ethanol production (1st-generation ethanol technology) from sugarcane. 625 DOI: 10.3303/CET1865105 Please cite this article as: Silva-Ortiz P., Maciel Filho R., 2018, Comparative performance indexes for ethanol production based on autonomous and annexed sugarcane plants, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 65, 625-630 DOI:
    keywords: aut; chemical; ethanol; exergy; process; production; products; sugarcane
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        item: #4582 of 7527
          id: cet-3014
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 66iervolino.docx
        date: 2018-06-29
       words: 3437
      flesch: 42
     summary: In this context, integration of sugarcane ethanol production with livestock production can improve overall sustainability, by taking advantages of their synergies through intensification of livestock production (feedlots) and use of agroindustry by-products (e.g. in natura and pretreated bagasse, yeast and molasses) (Taube- Netto et al., 2012). This work presents a techno-economic and environmental assessment of scenarios for expansion of ethanol production through second-generation ethanol production and integration with livestock system.
    keywords: cattle; ethanol; feed; impacts; livestock; production; products; scenario; sugarcane; use
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        item: #4583 of 7527
          id: cet-3015
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 66iervolino.docx
        date: 2018-06-29
       words: 3945
      flesch: 44
     summary: Raspolli Galletti A.M., Antonetti C., De Luise V., Licursi D., Nassi o Di Nasso N., Levulinic acid production from waste biomass, Bioresources 7, 1824-1835. The fundamental requirement for the economic improvement in LA production regards the use of negative-value wastes, otherwise sent to disposal, with good cellulose content (Puccini et al., 2016).
    keywords: acid; biomass; coffee; conversion; hydrolysis; production; reaction; waste
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        item: #4584 of 7527
          id: cet-3016
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 66iervolino.docx
        date: 2018-06-29
       words: 3340
      flesch: 47
     summary: It is then that the highest values for % of Organic Matter (% MO) and % of Holocellulose were presented in the Maracuyá. % MO 0.28±0.15a
    keywords: biomass; cellulose; content; hemicellulose; lignin; maracuyá; potential; water
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        item: #4585 of 7527
          id: cet-3017
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 66iervolino.docx
        date: 2018-06-29
       words: 3880
      flesch: 48
     summary: Scientific literature reports works related to yields distribution of the pyrolysis products for agricultural waste, analyses of pyrolysis char and techno-economic assessment for pyrolysis-based CHP. 2.3 Process design and techno-economic analysis Based on the experimental results, a pyrolysis-based decentral system was developed for the combined production of pyrolysis char and the recovery of heat for the self-sustained operation of the pyrolysis process through combustion of the pyrolysis vapours (see Figure 1).
    keywords: char; energy; gas; heat; manure; process; pyrolysis; pyrolysis char; water
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        item: #4586 of 7527
          id: cet-3018
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 66iervolino.docx
        date: 2018-06-29
       words: 3175
      flesch: 49
     summary: Exergoeconomic theories have been applied to different energy system such as convectional power plants (Zhang et al. 2006) and energy generation systems from biomass (Athari et al. 2016; Klimantos et al. 2009; Soltani et al. 2013; Datta et al. 2010). However, increasing the compression ratio of the compressor increases the rate of system costs per unit time.
    keywords: biomass; energy; gas; syngas; system
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        item: #4587 of 7527
          id: cet-3019
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 66iervolino.docx
        date: 2018-06-29
       words: 4097
      flesch: 54
     summary: The results showed that the first experiment with high protein content showed the highest cumulative biogas production with 2300 mL in 21 days, while the three experiments with high sugar content produced in average the most biogas (23 mL/day). Therefore, the five organic sources are: blackberries as a residue high in sugars, avocado for high content in lipids, soybean representing high protein content, green plantain peel for starch and sugarcane bagasse for high fibre content.
    keywords: anaerobic; biogas; biomass; content; digestion; experiments; methane; production
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        item: #4588 of 7527
          id: cet-302
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 211.docx
        date: 2017-10-04
       words: 2374
      flesch: 51
     summary: Hybrid energy system can overcome the above defects and improve power supply reliability (Sen and Bhattacharyya, 2014). In order to achieve the optimal configuration of hybrid energy system, we need modelling, system design, analysis and optimization (Guo et al., 2014).
    keywords: electricity; energy; investment; shortage; system; wind
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        item: #4589 of 7527
          id: cet-3020
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 66iervolino.docx
        date: 2018-06-29
       words: 3094
      flesch: 41
     summary: These wastes from agroindustry are known as lignocellulosic residual biomass (LRB) constituted mainly by husks, branches, bagasse and stubble. 3.4 Potential production of oligomers from LRB analyzed Considering the annual generation of residual biomass (Table 1), the carbohydrate composition determined by HPLC, and assuming that the extraction of sugars as oligomers is possible (Nabarlatz, Ebringerová and Montané, 2007), a theoretical yield for oligosaccharides extraction from each LRB was quantified.
    keywords: biomass; cellulose; coffee; hemicellulose; lignin; lrb; potential; production; seed; wt.%
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        item: #4590 of 7527
          id: cet-3021
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 66iervolino.docx
        date: 2018-06-29
       words: 2917
      flesch: 55
     summary: Biomass catalytic pyrolysis to produce olefins and aromatics with a physically mixed catalyst. The first and obvious application of pyrolysis volatiles is as fuels; however production of fuels is not the sole potential application field of biomass pyrolysis due to many organics functionalized compounds that can be produced which can become precursors of chemicals of high added value (Balat et al., 2009, Zhang et al., 2013b).
    keywords: biomass; catalysts; cedar; energy; pyrolysis; sawdust
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        item: #4591 of 7527
          id: cet-3022
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 66iervolino.docx
        date: 2018-06-29
       words: 2781
      flesch: 48
     summary: The seeds evaluated were not treated with magnetic fields, since it is intended to evaluate the residual effect of the treatment carried out on the mother plant with this type of induced field. It is worth noting that this 679 DOI: 10.3303/CET1865114 Please cite this article as: Suarez Rivero D., Marin Mahecha O., Gonzalez A.J., Suarez Rivero M., Puentes A.E., Ortiz Aguilar J., 2018, Composition and behavior of sunflower seeds (helianthus annuus l.) from plants treated with magnetic fields for energy potential use of biomass, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 65, 679-684 DOI: 10.3303/CET1865114 research allowed to minimize the use of agro-inputs and increase the physiological variables per unit of area, highlighting the production in biomass and chlorophylls.
    keywords: effect; field; germination; plants; seeds; treatment
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        item: #4592 of 7527
          id: cet-3023
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 66iervolino.docx
        date: 2018-06-29
       words: 4159
      flesch: 57
     summary: The percentages of Carbon content by species and by tissue found for Ficus soatensis were, in trunk 51%, branches 43%, bark 45% and leaves 46%; for Tecoma stans the results were 53% in trunk, 46.5% branches, 46.5% bark and 47.5% leaves. Null Hypothesis (H0): The percentage of carbon content calculated in (trunk, bark, leaves, branches) does not vary in Ficus soatensis and Tecoma stans.
    keywords: branches; carbon; carbon content; ficus; leaves; soatensis; species; stans; tecoma; trunk
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        item: #4593 of 7527
          id: cet-3024
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 66iervolino.docx
        date: 2018-06-29
       words: 3265
      flesch: 43
     summary: Thus, inverse modelling has been a powerful tool to gain qualitative insights into the dynamics of liquid water transport and its effect on fuel cell performance. The combined effects of water transport on proton exchange membrane fuel cell performance are represented in the polarization curve.
    keywords: cathode; cell; fuel; membrane; performance; water
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        item: #4594 of 7527
          id: cet-3025
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 66iervolino.docx
        date: 2018-06-29
       words: 4132
      flesch: 55
     summary: Among the organic residues in the sugarcane sector, filter cake and sugarcane bagasse are those that have the necessary characteristics for their use in the production of organic compounds, such as high organic matter and can be used as substrates in the production of vegetable seedlings. 2.2 Process of physical-chemical characterization and maturation of organic compounds For the chemical analysis of the macronutrients, pH and C / N ratio (carbon / nitrogen), a sample from each replicate was collected at the beginning of the composting process, as can be observed in Table 1, at time 0 for each treatment.
    keywords: bagasse; composting; compounds; days; decomposition; process; sugarcane; treatments
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        item: #4595 of 7527
          id: cet-3026
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 66iervolino.docx
        date: 2018-06-29
       words: 3679
      flesch: 35
     summary: Heckel P. E., Branche C. M., 2013, Occupational safety and health, green chemistry, and sustainability: a review of areas of convergence, Environmental Health, 12:31, DOI:10.1186/1476-069X-12-31 Serrano-Ruiz J. C.,Luque R., Sepúlveda-Escribano A., 2011, Transformations of biomass-derived platform molecules: from high added-value chemicals to fuels via aqueous-phase processing, Chemical Society Review, 40, 5266–5281, DOI: 10.1039/c1cs15131b 707 Sharninghausen L. S., Campos J., Manas M. G., Crabtree R. H., 2014, Efficient selective and atom economic catalytic conversion of glycerol to lactic acid, Nature Communications, 5:5084, DOI: 10.1038/ncomms6084 Sheldon R. A., 2017, The E factor 25 years on: the rise of green chemistry and sustainability, Green Chemistry, 19, 18, DOI: 10.1039/c6gc02157c Sholten E., Dägele D., 2008, Succinic acid production by a newly isolated bacterium, Biotechnology Letters, 30, 12, 2143-2146, DOI: 10.1007/s10529-008-9806-2 Sholten E., Renz T., Thomas J., 2009, Continuous cultivation approach for fermentative succinic acid production from crude glycerol by Basfia succiniciproducens DD1, Biotechnology Letters, 31:1947, DOI: 10.1007/s10529-009-0104-4 Silva G. P., Mack M., Contiero J., 2009, Glycerol: A promising and abundant carbon source for industrial microbiology, Biotechnology Advances, 27, 30-39, DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2008.07.006 Södergard A., Stolt M., 2010, Industrial Production of High Molecular Weight Poly(Lactic acid), POLY(LACTIC ACID) – Synthesis, Structures, Properties, Processing, and Applications, Eds. Among organic acids, succinic acid and lactic acid has a great potential to be used in the production of specialty polymers for medical implants because these materials can combine biodegradability with biocompatibility.
    keywords: acid; chemical; doi; glycerol; polymers; production; synthesis
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        item: #4596 of 7527
          id: cet-3027
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 66iervolino.docx
        date: 2018-06-29
       words: 3525
      flesch: 59
     summary: It is believed that these compounds may represent a new frontier for development of plant growth active compounds with application in commercial agriculture. Interestingly, it was found that both enantiomers (R) and (S) can accelerate plant growth.
    keywords: compounds; growth; roots; sugarcane
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        item: #4597 of 7527
          id: cet-3028
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 66iervolino.docx
        date: 2018-06-29
       words: 3149
      flesch: 55
     summary: Table 2 and Table 3 show general properties of biocarbon samples collected after storage tests. A systematic analysis of the impact of relative humidity, storage temperature and time on biocarbon properties was achieved.
    keywords: biocarbon; d.b; properties; samples; storage; weeks
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        item: #4598 of 7527
          id: cet-3029
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 66iervolino.docx
        date: 2018-06-29
       words: 3463
      flesch: 40
     summary: Recycling raw vinasse was proved to be a potential step, and biodigested vinasse presents a harsh environment for this microalga growth. 723 Figure 2: Percent reduction of total organic carbon ( ), inorganic carbon ( ), total carbon ( ), and total nitrogen ( ) in vinasse medium.
    keywords: biomass; carbon; cell; cultivation; desmodesmus; doi; growth; lipid; microalgae; raw; vinasse
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        item: #4599 of 7527
          id: cet-303
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 211.docx
        date: 2017-10-04
       words: 2209
      flesch: 49
     summary: 61, 2017 A publication of The Italian Association of Chemical Engineering Online at www.aidic.it/cet Guest Editors: Petar S Varbanov, Rongxin Su, Hon Loong Lam, Xia Liu, Jiří J Klemeš Copyright © 2017, AIDIC Servizi S.r.l. ISBN 978-88-95608-51-8; ISSN 2283-9216 An Evolutionary Optimization Method to Design Shapes of Flow Channels Min Taoa,b, Kai Guoa,b,*, Hui Liua,b, Chunjiang Liua,b,* aSchool of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China bState Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China guokaitianjin@163.com This paper develops an evolutionary optimization method to design flow channel shapes and reduce the pressure drop. 1. Introduction Shape design of flow channels is a fundamental issue for fluid equipment in engineering applications, such as fluid distributors, fuel cells and reactors.
    keywords: channel; design; flow; optimization; pattern; shape
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        item: #4600 of 7527
          id: cet-3030
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 66iervolino.docx
        date: 2018-06-29
       words: 3354
      flesch: 40
     summary: 2006, “Advancing urban ecological studies: Frameworks, concepts, and results from the Baltimore Ecosystem Study,” Austral Ecology, 31(2), 114-125. A publication of The Italian Association of Chemical Engineering Online at www.aidic.it/cet Guest Editors: Eliseo Ranzi, Mario Costa Copyright © 2018, AIDIC Servizi S.r.l. ISBN 978-88-95608-62-4; ISSN 2283-9216 Ecological Risk Assessment and Ecological Security Pattern Optimization in Binzhou City Meng Zhanga, Yingxue Liua, Lu Zhaoa, Zhaohua Lua,b*, Yuexian Liuc aInstitute of Restoration Ecology, China University of Mining & Technology (Beijing), Beijing, China bShandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Eco-Environmental Science for Yellow River Delta, Binzhou University, China cCollege of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China luzhaohua@cumtb.edu.cn In this research, we created an assessment model based on ecological footprint and ecological carrying capacity (EC) to detect the trend of urbanization in Binzhou city.
    keywords: binzhou; capacity; city; doi; footprint; security; urban; zhang
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        item: #4601 of 7527
          id: cet-3031
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 66iervolino.docx
        date: 2018-06-29
       words: 3912
      flesch: 54
     summary: They are potential residues to be used as feedstock in biorefineries that integrate conversion processes 733 DOI: 10.3303/CET1865123 Please cite this article as: Leite S., Leite B., Carrico C., Dell’Isola A.T., Dangelo J.V., 2018, Characterization of biomass residues aiming energy and by-products generation, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 65, 733-738 DOI: 10.3303/CET1865123 and unit operations in order to produce products and energy from biomass. In biomass residues, ash is expected to be in the range from 5 to 20 wt%.
    keywords: analysis; banana; biomass; carbon; content; residues; rice; wt%
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        item: #4602 of 7527
          id: cet-3032
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 66iervolino.docx
        date: 2018-06-29
       words: 2664
      flesch: 32
     summary: As results, it was observed that branches of the superstructure that present the best yields for ethanol production had the simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF) technology. On the other hand, because of the distillation of ethanol vinasses of high organic material are obtained that must be treated for reducing their power of contamination.
    keywords: animal; chemical; ethanol; feed; production; substrate; treatment; use
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        item: #4603 of 7527
          id: cet-3033
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 66iervolino.docx
        date: 2018-06-29
       words: 3661
      flesch: 39
     summary: Among them, the average value of y is 0.2720, indicating that most farmers are not inclined to choose green pesticides; the average value of the variable x1 is 2.7541, indicating that the middle-aged and aged population is the main body of rice planting in local area; the average value of variable x2 is 0.7351, indicating that more farmers are male; the average value of variable x3 is 1.8264, indicating that the education level of surveyed farmers is generally law, the majority of whom are primary or junior high school diploma; the average value of variable x4 is 2.8975, indicating that most farmers have more than 15 years planting experience; the average value of variable x5 is 0.3711, indicating that the cognition of green pesticides of farmers is not high; the average value of variable x6 is 0.1323, indicating that the majority of farmers have not received the training of green pesticide technology; the average value of variable x7 is 2.31, indicating that the annual per capita income of farmers is between 4001 and 5500 Yuan; the average value of variable x8 is 12.21, indicating that the small-scale family farming is still the main rice- farming entity in these three regions; the average value of variable x9 is 1.78, indicating that most peasants are in good control of pests and diseases in the past three years; the average of x10 is 1.45, indicating that most farmers have the expectation that the price of crop is going to increase in the future; the average value of variable x11 is 1.12, indicating that the risk of crop yield reduction is small for most farmers in recent three years; the average value of variable x12 is 4.4321, indicating that nearly half of the farmers selecting green pesticides have obtained the green pesticide subsidy; the average of x13 is 1.321, indicating that the recognition degree of farmers for government policies is not high. Descriptive statistical analysis of variables Variables Minimum Maximum Average value Standard deviation Green pesticide selection behavior (y) 0 1 0.2720 0.4551 age (x1) 0 3 2.7541 0.7035 gender(x2) 0 1 0.7351 0.2115 educational level (x3) 0 3 1.8264 0.3541 planting experience (x4) 0 3 2.8975 1.3521 cognition of green pesticides (x5) 0 1 0.4711 0.4712 whether receiving training of green pesticide technology (x6) 0 1 0.1323 0.3527 household income per capita in previous year (x7) 0 3 2.31 0.7118 planting area of rice (x8) 2.1 200 12.21 9.9472 control of diseases and pests in agricultural production (x9) 0 2 1.78 0.2952 expected market price of agricultural products (x10) 0
    keywords: agricultural; behavior; farmers; impact; pesticides; risk; selection
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        item: #4604 of 7527
          id: cet-3034
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 66iervolino.docx
        date: 2018-06-29
       words: 3164
      flesch: 50
     summary: The increase in hydroxyl groups in basic CBR surface has also improved methylene blue adsorption, and may be attributed to a mechanism by electrostatic attraction. 2.4 Adsorption studies The adsorption studies were performed in batch, using 50 mg of CBR samples in 50 mL of 10 mg L-1 of methylene blue solution in a 125 mL Erlenmeyer flask at a temperature of 25 °C, using a Shaker incubator model Luca-223, at 150 rpm for 24 h.
    keywords: adsorption; blue; brazil; cassava; cbr; doi; dyes; methylene; removal; solution; treatment
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        item: #4605 of 7527
          id: cet-3035
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 66iervolino.docx
        date: 2018-06-29
       words: 3525
      flesch: 42
     summary: Since the reform 757 DOI: 10.3303/CET1865127 Please cite this article as: Junlong Fang , Heng Li , Jinglong Zhen , Yu Nie , Chentao Zhang , 2018, Hyperspectral analysis of biomass element content in straw, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 65, 757-762 DOI: 10.3303/CET1865127 and opening up, China's economic development has made great achievements, and people's living standards have also been improved. The ground samples were placed in a labeled ziplock bag and stored at room temperature (around 25°C) for the collection of hyperspectral images and the measurement of basic chemical elements (N, C, H, S, O).
    keywords: analysis; coefficient; development; elements; hyperspectral; image; model; set; straw
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        item: #4606 of 7527
          id: cet-3036
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 66iervolino.docx
        date: 2018-06-29
       words: 3356
      flesch: 45
     summary: According to the thermogravimetric analysis of crude starch (Figure 2), the weight loss can be observed from the temperature of 318°C, in addition the graph shows that the polymeric material decomposes in a proportion of 93.3% at a temperature of 470ºC. The thermal decomposition of the sample without modifications, can be divided in three phases: Stage 1: (25≤T≤290°C) mass loss (about 0.9%) due to the weightlessness caused by the evaporation of volatile substances, mainly the evaporation of water; Stage 2: (291°C≤T≤410°C) mass loss (about 60%) largely resulted from the decomposition of organic matters like starch; Stage 3: (411°C≤T≤600°C) mass loss (about 35%) mostly because of carbonization of organic matters and non-volatile. Finally, mixture 1, presents greater similarity with crude starch when compared with the rest of modified starch mixtures, due has the highest percentage of starch (72%).
    keywords: cm-1; crude; mixtures; peel; plantain; region; starch
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        item: #4607 of 7527
          id: cet-3037
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 66iervolino.docx
        date: 2018-06-29
       words: 2797
      flesch: 52
     summary: (2010) to design water networks with internal water mains. To address this, Feng and Seider (2001) introduced a new structure with internal water mains to simplify the piping network.
    keywords: concentration; main; network; process; water
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        item: #4608 of 7527
          id: cet-3038
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 66iervolino.docx
        date: 2018-06-29
       words: 3579
      flesch: 46
     summary: The objective of the present work was to analyze the influence of filter cake, associated or not with mineral fertilization on soil chemical characteristics, as well as to evaluate the effect of filter cake application on the germination of soybean seeds (Glycine max). In this 775 DOI: 10.3303/CET1865130 Please cite this article as: Goncalves J.C., Caetano Vasques N., Silva C., Paccola E., Schmidt Filho E., Ueda Yamaguchi N., Aparecida Andreazzi M., Gasparotto F., 2018, Influence of the application of filter cake on soil chemical characteristics, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 65, 775-780 DOI: 10.3303/CET1865130 sense, the concern with environmental protection linked to the high cost of fertilizers led to research on the recycling of organic waste, such as the by-products of the sugar-energy sector (González et al., 2014).
    keywords: cake; characteristics; chemical; dm³; fertilization; filter; filter cake; mineral; soil; table; treatments
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        item: #4609 of 7527
          id: cet-3039
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 66iervolino.docx
        date: 2018-06-29
       words: 3214
      flesch: 30
     summary: 3.5 Related theories of industrial cluster research In fact, the researches on industrial clusters have been carried out a long time ago. Based on this distinction, we elaborate a typology of industrial clusters (low- road, window-dressing, rights-oriented) and identify a set of factors likely to influence their practice.
    keywords: biomass; cluster; development; energy; environment; industry; mechanism; research; resource
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        item: #4610 of 7527
          id: cet-304
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 211.docx
        date: 2017-10-04
       words: 3475
      flesch: 54
     summary: Electricity storage and renewables for island power - A guide for decision makers. The allocation of the highest energy storage (maximum storage capacity), is essential in order to plan the shifting strategies.
    keywords: capacity; electricity; hours; kwh; load; peak; shifting; storage
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        item: #4611 of 7527
          id: cet-3040
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 66iervolino.docx
        date: 2018-06-29
       words: 3677
      flesch: 40
     summary: In this work, different species of crops with a high potential to be implemented as raw materials to produce second-generation biofuels were evaluated. Table 1: Energy recovery from energetic crops in Bogotá river basin (Hernández et al., 2017).
    keywords: areas; basin; biomass; colombia; crops; information; potential; river; species
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        item: #4612 of 7527
          id: cet-3041
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 66iervolino.docx
        date: 2018-06-29
       words: 3396
      flesch: 39
     summary: Thus, it can be seen that it is of great practical significance to study the influencing factors of rural biomass energy consumption. As a policy implication, energy policies which improve the biomass energy infrastructure and biomass supply are the appropriate options for G7 countries since biomass 793 DOI: 10.3303/CET1865133 Please cite this article as: Chenghao Sun , 2018, Empirical analysis of influencing factors of rural biomass energy consumption, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 65, 793-798 DOI: 10.3303/CET1865133 energy consumption increases the economic growth (Bilgili and Ozturk, 2015).
    keywords: biomass; capita; consumption; energy; energy consumption; jiangsu; methane; residents; resources
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        item: #4613 of 7527
          id: cet-3042
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 66iervolino.docx
        date: 2018-06-29
       words: 3666
      flesch: 47
     summary: OBSIC foam filters. However the 65 ppi OBSIC foam is more suitable than SiC wall flow filters (Palma et al., 2016) for PM abatement devices in biomass boiler, since the DP are compatible with their operation, even though foam filters are characterized by a lower filtration efficiency (about 60%, instead of about 98% typical of wall-flow filters).
    keywords: biomass; filters; filtration; foam; obsic; ppi; regeneration; soot
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        item: #4614 of 7527
          id: cet-3043
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 66iervolino.docx
        date: 2018-06-29
       words: 3944
      flesch: 43
     summary: The Fluidized Bed Gasifier is a recurring option for syngas production, due to its flexibility regarding diversity of input biomass, and because it provides uniformity in terms of heat and mass transfer, promotes a suitable mixture between the biomass and the gasification agent, and is highly efficient in converting carbonaceous material into products (Jaimes Figueroa et al., 2014). Another study, carried out by Kalinci et al. (2012) evaluated the gasification of pinewood using a Downdraft Gasifier and Circulating Fluidized Bed Gasifier through LCA. 805 DOI: 10.3303/CET1865135 Please cite this article as: Cardoso F., Sakamoto H., Moore C., Ushima A., Kulay L., 2018, Evaluation of the environmental performance of syngas production from biomass of sugarcane, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 65, 805-810 DOI: 10.3303/CET1865135 However, to the best of our knowledge, there are no records of investigations that sought to relate the specificities of the gasification process of biomass rejects to possible environmental effects.
    keywords: bagasse; bfbg; biomass; efg; energy; gasification; gasifier; process; production; straw; syngas; system
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        item: #4615 of 7527
          id: cet-3044
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 66iervolino.docx
        date: 2018-06-29
       words: 3393
      flesch: 38
     summary: For biological investigations, PM were suspended in pure sterile water (R=18.2 MΩcm; TOC=3 ppb) to obtain aliquots at a final concentration of 2 µg/µL and sonicated for 30 seconds with a sonicator equipped with a probe (SONOPULS Bandelin, 0,105 kJ, A 10%, 001.0 s) just prior to cell exposure. Biomass particles were chemical characterized and then tested on A549 cell line to evaluate their effects.
    keywords: biomass; cells; combustion; dna; effects; exposure; particles; pellet; wood
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        item: #4616 of 7527
          id: cet-3045
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 66iervolino.docx
        date: 2018-06-29
       words: 3629
      flesch: 42
     summary: It was taken into account that out of the 21,000 KTon of sugarcane bagasse, 6,000 KTon are produced annually in the zone of study from which 5,100 KTon are used for cogeneration processes and 900 in paper production (ASOCAÑA, 2012). It was found that in the case of co-generation use of sugarcane bagasse, the unitary process that generates greater environmental impact is the boiler and in the case of paper production, it’s the pulp bleaching.
    keywords: analysis; bagasse; dimension; impact; paper; process; production; sugarcane
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        item: #4617 of 7527
          id: cet-3046
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 66iervolino.docx
        date: 2018-06-29
       words: 3142
      flesch: 44
     summary: Our main hypothesis was that biochar can disrupt the intracellular signalling on the environment, implicating on biochar production and dosage as parameters that could be tuned to regulate the rhizosphere colonization. Targeting the understanding of the of bacteria and biochar interaction, the objective of this work was to explore the effects of different doses of biochar produced from sugarcane bagasse and corncob husk on the bacteria survival and its ability of formation of colony forming units to the stress induced by the presence of 823 DOI: 10.3303/CET1865138 Please cite this article as: Bueno C., Fraceto L., Rosa A., 2018, Biochar influence the production and release of exopolysaccharides on plant growth promoting bacteria, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 65, 823-828 DOI: 10.3303/CET1865138 biochar, as well as the influence on production of bioactive molecules (biofilms).
    keywords: bacteria; biochar; biofilms; chemical; formation; growth; medium; production; surface
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        item: #4618 of 7527
          id: cet-3047
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 66iervolino.docx
        date: 2018-06-29
       words: 3232
      flesch: 46
     summary: In the first 30 min, desorption efficiency was decreased with an increase in pH. At pH of 1.0 and 2.0, the desorption performance was good, with maximum desorption efficiency of 95 % and 92 % at 15 min, respectively. The adsorption time had significant effect on subsequent desorption, with a decrease in desorption efficiency with an increase in adsorption time.
    keywords: desorption; efficiency; min; obliquus; thiourea; time
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        item: #4619 of 7527
          id: cet-3048
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 66iervolino.docx
        date: 2018-06-29
       words: 2875
      flesch: 48
     summary: For Ethanol, at 67 °C, from an extraction time of 20 minutes, Lutein yield of ≅ 5.5 mg/gd was achieved; increasing extraction time to 80 minutes, Lutein yield of ≅ 5.8 mg/gd was found. This paper aims to evaluate Accelerated Solvent Extraction (ASE) technology for Lutein extraction from Haematoccoccus p. in red phase.
    keywords: bar; extraction; lutein; lutein yield; time; yield
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        item: #4620 of 7527
          id: cet-3049
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 66iervolino.docx
        date: 2018-06-29
       words: 3433
      flesch: 43
     summary: David Chiaramonti*a, Calliope Panoutsoub a RE-CORD and CREAR, Industrial Engineering Dept., Univ. of Florence, Viale Morgagni 40, 50134 Florence ITALY b Imperial College, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Centre for Environmental Policy, London, UK david.chiaramonti@unifi.it Arid lands in EU MED areas are increasing in extension year by year, as it is well documented by many studies of International Institutions (as EC-JRC, EEA, etc). This property of biochar makes it very interesting arid regions, including EU MED, favouring agriculture in marginal land while preserving soil organic carbon and sequestering stable carbon in the soil.
    keywords: agriculture; biochar; climate; combi; land; med; policy; soil; support
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        item: #4621 of 7527
          id: cet-305
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 211.docx
        date: 2017-10-04
       words: 3538
      flesch: 45
     summary: Beijing case study In this study, Beijing is considered as a point source of water pollutants and the evaluation area is covering its municipal boundaries. Phosphorus (P), SO2, Cr, and Hg are the most important pollutants for water degradation reduction of Beijing.
    keywords: acidification; beijing; degradation; ecotoxicity; eutrophication; pollutant; reduction; water; wdp
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        item: #4622 of 7527
          id: cet-3050
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 66iervolino.docx
        date: 2018-06-29
       words: 3897
      flesch: 46
     summary: Biomass energy policy in Indonesia follows Presidential Regulation no. Biomass sources can transform to solid, liquid, and gas, and biomass energy (bioenergy) obtained from these sources can be utilized in transportation, heating, and electricity generation (Akorede et al., 2012).
    keywords: biomass; china; colombia; countries; energy; generation; india; indonesia; law; policies; policy; sources; use
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        item: #4623 of 7527
          id: cet-3051
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 66iervolino.docx
        date: 2018-06-29
       words: 3990
      flesch: 49
     summary: This study proposes simple models to estimate the storage and transportation costs of the substrates for bio-energy plants in small agricultural districts. In order to give indications on the economic and technical factors mostly influencing the biomass supply chain in Mediterranean agricultural areas, this work proposes simple models to estimate the storage and transportation costs of substrates feeding bio-energy plants in small agricultural districts.
    keywords: bio; biomass; citrus; costs; energy; residues; storage; unit
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        item: #4624 of 7527
          id: cet-3052
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 66iervolino.docx
        date: 2018-06-29
       words: 4066
      flesch: 43
     summary: An interesting state-of-the-art of the multi-criteria analysis applied to bio-energy plants is reported in the works of Mardani et al., (2017), Taha and Daim (2013) and Wang et al., (2009). By the proposed model the biogas yield, economic efficiency and profitability of alternative substrates/blends to feed biogas plants were evaluated in an integrated way.
    keywords: biogas; blend; costs; criteria; energy; evaluation; feed; multi; plant; study; substrate
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        item: #4625 of 7527
          id: cet-3053
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 48dallavecchia.docx
        date: 2016-03-29
       words: 2959
      flesch: 34
     summary: In order to address this issue, in the present study we investigated the impact and practical feasibility of magnetite nanoparticles supplementation on the anaerobic digestion of “real” food wastes. Figure 1: Effect of magnetite nanoparticles supplementation on (a) the maximum rate of methane formation and (b) the maximum rate of propionate or butyrate degradation.
    keywords: anaerobic; batch; butyrate; electron; experiments; magnetite; nanoparticles; propionate; reactor; transfer
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        item: #4626 of 7527
          id: cet-3054
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 48dallavecchia.docx
        date: 2016-03-29
       words: 2109
      flesch: 44
     summary: Keywords: acrylic paints; microbiological contamination, gProms, model validation. Biocides used for DOI: 10.3303/CET1649002 Please cite this article as: Piemonte V., Capocelli M., Tortora F., Prisciandaro M., 2016, A criteria for evaluating the microbiological contamination of acrylic paints, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 49, 7-12 DOI: 10.3303/CET1649002 7 film protection are: Zinc pyrithione, Carbendazim, Octilisotiazolin-3-one (OIT).
    keywords: biocide; kinetic; mit; model; paint; phase; results
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        item: #4627 of 7527
          id: cet-3055
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 48dallavecchia.docx
        date: 2016-03-29
       words: 3611
      flesch: 45
     summary: Groot W. J., Van der Lans R.G.J.M., Luyben K.C.A.M., 1989, Batch and continuous butanol fermentations with free cells: integration with product recovery by gas-stripping, Applied Microb. & Biotech. Barton W.E, Daugulis A.J., 1992, Evaluation of solvents for extractive butanol fermentation with Clostridium acetobutylicum and the use of poly(propylene glycol) 1200, Appl.
    keywords: broth; butanol; fermentation; gas; liquid; phase; process; recovery; stripping
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        item: #4628 of 7527
          id: cet-3056
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 48dallavecchia.docx
        date: 2016-03-29
       words: 3912
      flesch: 46
     summary: (p<0.05) Total acidity for free cell fermentation was in the range defined by Colombian regulations, nonetheless total acidity for immobilized cell fermentation is below the lower limit. In similar studies of mead, immobilized cell fermentation got a lower alcohol concentration compared to free cell (10.5% v/v vs 11.2% v/v), with yeast immobilized in alginate gel (Pereira et al. 2014).
    keywords: beads; carrageenan; cells; ethanol; fermentation; mead; production; solution
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        item: #4629 of 7527
          id: cet-3057
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 48dallavecchia.docx
        date: 2016-03-29
       words: 3038
      flesch: 40
     summary: Complete chromatographic cycles consisting of adsorption, washing and elution stages were carried out at different IgG concentrations from 0.59 to 2.38 mg/mL and at different flow rates from 0.3 to 3.0 mL/min corresponding to linear velocities from 15.9 to 159.2 cm/h. The column was then washed until the absorbance of the effluent fell back to the baseline value, and elution of bound IgG was carried out with a 0.1 M glycine buffer at a pH 3.5.
    keywords: cim; elution; flow; igg; monolithic; protein; rate
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        item: #4630 of 7527
          id: cet-3058
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 48dallavecchia.docx
        date: 2016-03-29
       words: 3501
      flesch: 45
     summary: The strength of S. racemosum strains was confirmed by the complete reduction of both the carboxylic acid (e.g. phenylacetic acid) and its methyl ester. The reduction of C=C double bond and carboxylic groups are key reactions in organic chemistry for the production of bulk and fine chemicals as pharmaceuticals, flavors and fragrances (Stueckler et al., 2010; Toogood and Scrutton, 2014).
    keywords: alcohol; bertholletiae; fungi; mut; racemosum; reduction; strains
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        item: #4631 of 7527
          id: cet-3059
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 48dallavecchia.docx
        date: 2016-03-29
       words: 3103
      flesch: 55
     summary: Then biosorption equilibrium tests were done for both biomasses by testing two equilibrium pH (4.0 and 6.0). As reported by Di Caprio et al. (2014), the main functional groups responsible for copper removal DOI: 10.3303/CET1649007 Please cite this article as: Di Caprio F., Altimari P., Zanni E., Uccelletti D., Toro L., Pagnanelli F., 2016, Lanthanum biosorption by different saccharomyces cerevisiae strains, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 49, 37-42 DOI: 10.3303/CET1649007 37 by S. cerevisiae are carboxylic, amino and phosphoric groups according to an ion exchange mechanism.
    keywords: biosorption; concentration; lanthanum; rim20∆; type
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        item: #4632 of 7527
          id: cet-306
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 211.docx
        date: 2017-10-04
       words: 3257
      flesch: 47
     summary: The maximum emission peaks corresponding to fluorescent CD@SiO2 blue-shifted to 455 nm as compared with that observed for CDs (Zhao et al., 2004). Figure 5: Fluorescence spectra (a, c) and the corresponding working curve (b, d) of the ratiometric probe (a, b) and pure BSA–AuNCs (c, d) upon the addition of different Hg2+ concentrations.
    keywords: auncs; cd@sio2; detection; emission; fluorescence; hg2; probe
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        item: #4633 of 7527
          id: cet-3060
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 48dallavecchia.docx
        date: 2016-03-29
       words: 3650
      flesch: 52
     summary: The combined effect of electromagnetic field and pH control on the cell biomass was significant compared to uncontrolled pH conditions, in which cell biomass remained the same with or without magnetic field effect. There is evidence of increased insulase production by Geotrichum candidum after application of low magnetic field, suggesting enhanced enzyme activity for the cultures grown under 7 mT magnetic field (Canli and Kurbanoglu, 2012).
    keywords: application; bacitracin; control; cultures; field; growth; microbial; production
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        item: #4634 of 7527
          id: cet-3061
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 48dallavecchia.docx
        date: 2016-03-29
       words: 3231
      flesch: 53
     summary: Table 1: WB and SCB moist particle and porous bed parameters as a function of moisture content (MC). We used the model for heat and water transfer in porous SSF beds proposed by von Meien and Mitchell (2002).
    keywords: air; bed; bioreactor; figure; heat; model; moisture; substrate
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        item: #4635 of 7527
          id: cet-3062
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 48dallavecchia.docx
        date: 2016-03-29
       words: 3757
      flesch: 48
     summary: Conversely, when a microorganism has the genetic arrangement that supports PHB production, this polymer could be produced even without stresses or nutrient starvation. In fact, no increase in PHB concentration was observed before adding acetate (Figure 1).
    keywords: accumulation; acid; concentration; culture; figure; phb; production
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        item: #4636 of 7527
          id: cet-3063
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 48dallavecchia.docx
        date: 2016-03-29
       words: 2996
      flesch: 50
     summary: TB, despite being not a defined medium was the best choice because its richness in nitrogen source; indeed it was necessary for producing recombinant proteins of big size like our collagenases. Result showed that with this procedure we were able to increase final cell concentration from 18 to 34 OD (Figure 2) and since there is a direct correlation between number of cell produced and recombinant protein obtained, we were capable to obtain 20 gr/L dry weight cell, containing 8,2 gr of purified Col G and 7,2 gr of purified Col H per experiment.
    keywords: batch; col; coli; fed; production; protein; purification; recombinant
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        item: #4637 of 7527
          id: cet-3064
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 48dallavecchia.docx
        date: 2016-03-29
       words: 2496
      flesch: 44
     summary: However, the use of peroxidases in food applications DOI: 10.3303/CET1649012 Please cite this article as: Opwis K., Kiehl K., Gutmann J.S., 2016, Immobilization of peroxidases on textile carrier materials and their use in bleaching processes, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 49, 67-72 DOI: 10.3303/CET1649012 67 can be further improved by the permanent immobilization of the enzyme on a suitable carrier material to use it repeated or even continuously (Hill et al., 2005, Wiseman, 1985). Here, we present results on the immobilization of two commercial peroxidases on textile carrier materials and their use in the gentle enzymatic degradation of food colors (e.g. norbixin) in whey from cheese dairy.
    keywords: figure; immobilization; nh2; peroxidase; pod; textile; use; whey
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        item: #4638 of 7527
          id: cet-3065
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 48dallavecchia.docx
        date: 2016-03-29
       words: 3713
      flesch: 44
     summary: The response surface function between geometry and maximum wall stress was estimated by three models: Universal Kriging geostatistical regression (18 parameters), multiple linear regression (4 parameters) and multiple exponential regression (4 parameters). + (X ) + (Y ) 74 2.3 Boundary conditions, domain and mesh density A steady state analysis is proposed, subjecting the endoluminal surface of the aneurysm to 120 mmHg (1.6 N/cm2) to simulate peak systolic conditions when maximum wall stress is achieved (Raghavan and Vorp, 2000).
    keywords: aaa; aortic; diameter; geometry; maximum; parameters; stress; wall; wall stress
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        item: #4639 of 7527
          id: cet-3066
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 48dallavecchia.docx
        date: 2016-03-29
       words: 2574
      flesch: 56
     summary: This transcription factor is DOI: 10.3303/CET1649014 Please cite this article as: Tripathi A., Misra K., 2016, Designing and development of novel curcumin analogues/congeners as inhibitors of breast cancer stem cells growth, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 49, 79-84 DOI: 10.3303/CET1649014 79 potentially inhibited by curcumin (Olivera et al., 2012). The main objective of the present work is to identify a potential target of curcumin against breast cancer stem cells and also to predict potency of designed curcumin analogues/congeners on predicted target.
    keywords: analogues; breast; cancer; cells; congeners; curcumin; stem; target
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        item: #4640 of 7527
          id: cet-3067
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 48dallavecchia.docx
        date: 2016-03-29
       words: 4374
      flesch: 39
     summary: j.jclepro.2012.05.032 Chae J.K., Choi M., Ajavi F.F., Park W., Chang I.S., Kim I.S., 2008, Mass transport through a proton exchange membrane (Nafion) in microbial fuel cells, Energy & Fuel, 22, 169-176, DOI: 10.1021/ef700308u Cormos C.C., 2014, Techno-economic and environmental analysis of hydrogen and power co-generation based on co-gasification of coal and biomass/solid wastes with carbon capture, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 37, 139-144, DOI: 10.3303/CET1437024 Di Palma L., Geri A., Maccioni M., Paoletti C., Petroni G., Di Battista A., Varrone C., 2015, Experimental assessment of a process including microbial fuel cell for nitrogen removal from digestate of anaerobic treatment of livestock manure and agricultural wastes, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 43, 2239-2244, DOI: 10.3303/CET1543374. Karagiannidis A., Perkoulidis G., 2009, A multi-criteria ranking of different technologies for anaerobic digestion for energy recovery of organic fraction of municipal solid wastes, Bioresource Technology, 100, 2355-2360, DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2008.11.033 Kim J.R., Premier G.C., Hawkes F.R., Dinsdale R.M., Guwy A.J., 2009, Development of a tubular microbial fuel cell (MFC) employing a membrane electrode assembly cathode, Journal of Power Sources, 187, 393- 399, DOI: 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2008.11.020 Logan B.E., Hamelers B., Rozendal R., Schröder U., Keller J., Freguia S., Aelterman P., Verstraete W., Rabaey K., 2006, Microbial fuel cells: Methodology and technology, Environmental Science & Technology, 40, 5181-5192, DOI: 10.1021/es0605016 Logan B.E., Cheng S., Watson V., Estadt G., 2007, Graphite fiber brush anodes for increased power production in air-cathode microbial fuel cells, Environmental Science & Technology, 41, 3341-3346, DOI: 10.1021/es062644y Milner E., Scott K., Head I., Curtis T., Yu E., 2014, Aerobic biocathodes for microbial fuel cells, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 41, 355-360, DOI: 10.3303/CET1441060.
    keywords: cell; density; membrane; nafion; power; std; std cell; waste
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        item: #4641 of 7527
          id: cet-3068
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 48dallavecchia.docx
        date: 2016-03-29
       words: 2840
      flesch: 42
     summary: On the other hand, source zone treatment is advantageous over plume management or containment strategies in that it effectively reduces the mass of contaminant. Please cite this article as: Papini Petrangeli M., Majone M., Arjmand F., Silvestri D. , Sagliaschi M., Sucato S., Alesi E., 2016, First pilot test on integration of gcw (groundwater circulation well) with ena (enhanced natural attenuation) for chlorinated solvents source remediation, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 49, 91-96 DOI: 10.3303/CET1649016 91 appropriate remediation strategy to enhance ISB in an operative industrial site heavily contaminated by a wide spectrum of CAHs located in the northern part of Italy.
    keywords: circulation; flow; gcw; groundwater; phb; screen; site; source; zone
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        item: #4642 of 7527
          id: cet-3069
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 48dallavecchia.docx
        date: 2016-03-29
       words: 2399
      flesch: 44
     summary: Many works deal with microdevice design for cell culture, providing models that predict cell response to microenvironment conditions (Lee et al., 2005 and 2007; Zhang et al., 2007; Laganà and Raimondi,2012; Mazzei et al ., 2010; Van Midwoud et al., 2009; Powers et al., 2001; Rotemet al., 1992; Vozzi et al., 2011; Xia et al., 2009; Zahorodny-Burke et al., 2011). Zahorodny-Burke M., Nearingburg B., Elias A.L. 2011, Finite element anal-ysis of oxygen transport in microuidic cell culture devices with varying channel architectures, perfusionrates, and materials, Chem.
    keywords: cell; concentration; conditions; figure; phase; transport
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        item: #4643 of 7527
          id: cet-307
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 211.docx
        date: 2017-10-04
       words: 3179
      flesch: 56
     summary: However, without the separation of CO2 emission, the cost of biogas transportation will be increases. Due to logistic issue between biogas resource availability and its demand, biogas compression in gas cylinders is proposed for easy transportation in rural area.
    keywords: biocng; biogas; compression; cost; energy; oil; palm; upgrading
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        item: #4644 of 7527
          id: cet-3070
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 48dallavecchia.docx
        date: 2016-03-29
       words: 2431
      flesch: 46
     summary: Yet, a decrease in surface tension is a strong indication of biosurfactant production, being confirmed by its emulsion index. Microbial biosurfactants production, applications and future potential.
    keywords: biosurfactant; emulsification; glucose; inoculum; oil; production; surface; tension
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        item: #4645 of 7527
          id: cet-3071
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 48dallavecchia.docx
        date: 2016-03-29
       words: 2767
      flesch: 47
     summary: Table 2 reports simulation results of butanol recovery process based on liquid-liquid extraction as a function of the mass ratio between solvent flow rate and broth fermentation flow rate S/F. As a general result, the increase of S/F increased both the butanol recovery and the system heat duty. Table 3 reports a comparison between the simulation results of butanol recovery process based on supercritical extraction - in terms of butanol recovery αBUT and butanol mass fraction in the raffinate stream at the outlet of supercritical extractor xB-R – and experimental results reported by Moreno et al. (2012).
    keywords: broth; butanol; energy; extraction; flow; liquid; process; recovery
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        item: #4646 of 7527
          id: cet-3072
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 48dallavecchia.docx
        date: 2016-03-29
       words: 4276
      flesch: 54
     summary: Kage H., Takahashi T., Yoshida T., Ogura H., Matsuno Y., 1996, Coating efficiency of seed particles in a fluidized bed by atomization of a powder suspension, Powder Technology, 86, 243–250, DOI: 10.1016/0032-5910(95)03066-2. Saunders R. M., 1990, The properties of rice bran as a food stuff, Cereal Foods World, 35, 632-636. Silva C.A.M, Taranto O.P., 2015, Real-time monitoring of gas–solid fluidized-bed granulation and coating process: evolution of particle size, fluidization regime transitions, and psychometric parameters, Drying Technology, 33, 1929-1948, DOI: 10.1080/07373937.2015.1076000. Figure 2: Particle size distributions at fractions (histogram) and the cumulative curve obtained by Parsum probe: (a) beginning (raw material), (b) end of test 1 and (c) end of test 2. Figure 3 shows the evaporation efficiency parameters (R and E).
    keywords: agglomeration; bed; binder; concentration; particle; protein; rpc; size; test
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        item: #4647 of 7527
          id: cet-3073
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 48dallavecchia.docx
        date: 2016-03-29
       words: 3609
      flesch: 44
     summary: Among the organic and inorganic supports to be used for enzymes immobilization, magnetic nanoparticles are widely investigated because they: (i) allow simple, quick and low-cost collection of enzymes from a complex mixture just with an external magnetic field; (ii) have high enzyme loading capability, due to their large specific surface area; and (iii) suffer lower diffusion limitation in solution. Enzymes immobilization on magnetic nanoparticles can be obtained by both bonding and physical adsorption.
    keywords: cm-1; enzyme; ethanol; fe3o4; immobilization; lipase; nanoparticles; surface; washing
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        item: #4648 of 7527
          id: cet-3074
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 48dallavecchia.docx
        date: 2016-03-29
       words: 3070
      flesch: 47
     summary: In view of their complementary properties, blending PLA with PBAT becomes a natural choice to improve PLA properties without compromising its biodegradability (Jiang 2006).The developed bio-composites were used for the manufacture of several prototypes for food packaging (trays, boxes for refrigerated or frozen fish, egg box), agricultural applications (pots and yarns) as well as containers for cosmetics and chemicals. A publication of The Italian Association of Chemical Engineering Online at www.aidic.it/cet Guest Editors: Enrico Bardone, Marco Bravi, Tajalli Keshavarz Copyright © 2016, AIDIC Servizi S.r.l., ISBN 978-88-95608-40-2; ISSN 2283-9216 Microbiological Valorisation of Bio-composites Based on Polylactic Acid and Wood Fibres Seggiani Mauriziaa, Cinelli Patriziaa,b,*, Geicu Mihaela c, Popa Mona Elena.c, Puccini Monicaa, Lazzeri Andreaa a Dept. of Civil and Industrial Engineering, University of Pisa, Largo Lucio Lazzarino 1, 56122 Pisa, Italy b Institute for Chemical and Physical Processes, CNR, Via G. Moruzzi 1, 56124 Pisa, Italy, c University of Agronomic Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Bucharest, Biotechnology Faculty, 59 Marasti Bd., 011464, Bucharest, Romania patrizia.cinelli@pi.ipcf.cnr.it The use of wood fibres for production of bio-based composites has attracted interest in various application sectors ranging from packaging to automotive components and in other high value applications.
    keywords: bio; composites; ecoflex; fibre; hydrolysis; materials; pla; wood; wt%
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        item: #4649 of 7527
          id: cet-3075
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 48dallavecchia.docx
        date: 2016-03-29
       words: 2630
      flesch: 56
     summary: ABA production cost was estimated equal to 27,750 €/kg for 3 m3 bioreactor; this cost is compatible with ABA commercial price. Same iter was used to estimate ABA production costs vs. different bioreactor size (Figure 4); this is useful to define plant size in order to have profit.
    keywords: aba; bioreactor; costs; production; table
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        item: #4650 of 7527
          id: cet-3076
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 48dallavecchia.docx
        date: 2016-03-29
       words: 3445
      flesch: 44
     summary: 9.8 E+00 7.5 E+01 2.0 E+01 2.5 E+01 7.2 E+01 5.7 E+01 2.0 E+01 2.5 E+01 5.8 E+01 140 33 49 640 In Table 2, you can check the increase over time of the concentrations of total polyphenols released into solution, due to the action of hydrolytic enzyme extracts of different origins on the selected plant matrices. h 24 h 45 h Increase (%) Grape stalk Grape stalk Grape seed Wheat straw Wheat bran 3.5 E+03 1.2 E+02 2.5 E+02 3.6 E+02 6.1 E+03 1.6 E+03 2.3 E+02 4.1 E+02 4.4 E+03 4.1 E+03 8.4 E+02 2.6 E+03 73 3300 230 610 Grape seed Grape stalk Grape seed Wheat straw Wheat bran 6.1 E+03 2.7 E+03 2.8 E+03 2.9 E+03 5.9 E+03 6.5 E+02 1.1 E+03 1.9 E+03 4.9 E+03 4.5 E+02 2.0 E+03 5.4 E+03 --- --- --- 85 Wheat straw Grape stalk Grape seed Wheat straw Wheat bran 4.2 E+03 7.6 E+02 8.9 E+02 1.0 E+03 4.0 E+03 3.8 E+02 1.1 E+03 1.6 E+03 4.7 E+03 9.5 E+02 2.7 E+03 8.8 E+02 12 25 200 60 Wheat bran Grape stalk Grape seed Wheat straw Wheat bran 3.5 E+03 1.4 E+02 2.7 E+02 3.7 E+02 3.2 E+03 2.3 E+02 5.7 E+01 6.0 E+02 3.5 E+03 4.1 E+02 2.8 E+02 9.6 E+02 --- 210 6.2 160 The Pleurotus ostreatus was demonstrated to induce the production of specific enzymes depending on the substrate used for the growth of the mycelia.
    keywords: e+01; enzyme; grape; polyphenols; wheat; wheat bran; wheat straw
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        item: #4651 of 7527
          id: cet-3077
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 025_94Abud rev.docx
        date: 2016-04-20
       words: 3286
      flesch: 53
     summary: A publication of The Italian Association of Chemical Engineering Online at www.aidic.it/cet Guest Editors: Enrico Bardone, Marco Bravi, Tajalli Keshavarz Copyright © 2016, AIDIC Servizi S.r.l., ISBN 978-88-95608-40-2; ISSN 2283-9216 Bioconversion of Agro-industrial Wastes into Xanthan Gum Fabiana P. dos Santosa, Antonio M. Oliveira Jra, Tatiana P. Nunesa, Carlos Eduardo de Farias Silvab, Ana Karla de Souza Abud*a aFood Technology Department, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão, Sergipe, Brazil bDepartment of Industrial Engineering DII, University of Padova, Padova, Italy ana.abud@gmail.com Green coconut shell, passion fruit peel, straw and corn cobs, agro-industrial wastes, were evaluated as alternative substrates for xanthan gum production, which is one of the most important commercial biopolymers obtained by fermentation, widely used in the food industry and with applications in the oil, petrochemical, agrochemical and pharmaceutical industry. The pH of green coconut shell, corn cob and corn straw are equal to 5.0, while passion fruit peel showed a more acid pH (4.0), not desirable for xanthan gum production.
    keywords: coconut; corn; fruit; gum; passion; production; xanthan
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        item: #4652 of 7527
          id: cet-3078
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 48dallavecchia.docx
        date: 2016-03-29
       words: 2820
      flesch: 45
     summary: This could be explained considering that when lowering the pH, the consequent increasing of deprotonated species of volatile fatty acids (especially acetic acid) allowed an inhibitory action; so when the DOI: 10.3303/CET1649026 Please cite this article as: Cavinato C., Gottardo M. , Micolucci F., Bolzonella D., Pavan P., 2016, Ammonia concentration and ph control in pilot scale two-phase anaerobic digestion of food waste for hydrogen production: focus on start-up, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 49, 151-156 DOI: 10.3303/CET1649026 151 pH is less than 4 a metabolic shift could happen from hydrogenogenic to solvatogenic pathways, reducing the inhybitory effect of fatty acids. For these reasons when lactic acid, ethanol and butanol are produced, they are not related to hydrogen production; furthermore, the formation of propionate and for-mate indicates the consumption of hydrogen.
    keywords: anaerobic; hydrogen; phase; production; reactor; recirculation; waste
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        item: #4653 of 7527
          id: cet-3079
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 48dallavecchia.docx
        date: 2016-03-29
       words: 3143
      flesch: 44
     summary: This indicates that, once cellulose is hydrolysed, the produced glucose is immediately consumed and therefore cellulose hydrolysis is 158 the rate limiting step for cellulose degradation, as also reported in other literature studies (e.g. Liang et al., 2014). The rate of cellulose degradation obtained in this study is compared with other literature studies which used the same type of cellulose (Sigmacell Type 20) in Table 1.
    keywords: batch; cellulose; cod; culture; degradation; study
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        item: #4654 of 7527
          id: cet-308
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 211.docx
        date: 2017-10-04
       words: 3646
      flesch: 36
     summary: To develop the S-ERP framework, therefore, this study reviews literature in three related fields including sustainability implementation framework, ERP implementation framework, and decision-making levels. It relies mainly on the literature including sustainability implementation framework, ERP implementation framework, and decision- making levels to develop the structure of the S-ERP framework.
    keywords: development; erp; framework; implementation; sustainability; system
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        item: #4655 of 7527
          id: cet-3080
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 48dallavecchia.docx
        date: 2016-03-29
       words: 3668
      flesch: 55
     summary: Their fermentation strategy is based on a high cell density process for R. eutropha H16, using different control techniques. 166 Table 2: Summary of PHA production studies from VFA mixtures as the main carbon sources at bioreactor lab scale. In this study, the behaviour of the bacterium Halomonas boliviensis on different VFA mixtures was tested, as well as the effect of using this substrate as carbon and energy source for PHA production at flask scale.
    keywords: acid; boliviensis; carbon; glucose; pha; process; production; scale; vfa
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        item: #4656 of 7527
          id: cet-3081
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 48dallavecchia.docx
        date: 2016-03-29
       words: 3745
      flesch: 40
     summary: Furthermore, the model confirmed the hypothesis that the contact on nanofibers generally occurs only on small areas between PLLA fiber and quasi spherical HA particles, reducing the amount of reinforcement compared to the case when contact between the two materials is continuous (Baldino et al., 2015). Table 1: Young modulus of produced PLLA and PLLA+HA scaffolds by supercritical gel drying HA, % w/w PLLA 0 10 20 30 50 Young modulus, kPa 79 ± 1.4 108 ± 1.7 118 ± 2.0 121 ± 2.2 124 ± 2.8 In particular, Young modulus changed from 79 kPa for PLLA scaffold to 124 kPa for PLLA+ 50% HA scaffold.
    keywords: et al; fem; fibers; isotropic; model; results; rve; scaffolds
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        item: #4657 of 7527
          id: cet-3082
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 48dallavecchia.docx
        date: 2016-03-29
       words: 3412
      flesch: 37
     summary: Based on the analysis of experimental data it can be concluded that when building a mathematical models the following can be assumed: 1) biomass is a paste with 95 % moisture content; 2) the extractor allows for a perfect mixing; 3) all non-disrupted cells of the biomass have a radius r ≈ 3•10-6 m, surface area S; the cells that lost viability, but retained the shape have radius r, the surface area (S-Sh), where Sh is the area of the holes in the walls of cells (resulting from disruption), and lipid complexes have equivalent diameter 178 de = 4•10 -9 m; 4) 100 % of lipids is extracted from the disrupted cells, 90 % of lipids is extracted from non- viable cells (I = 0.9 is a coefficient of incomplete extraction of lipids from the cells which lost their viability, while preserving the shape), 70 % of lipids - from non-disrupted cells (J = 0.7 is a coefficient of incomplete extraction of lipids from intact cells); 5) wall thickness of all biomass cells is δ = 10-7 m. Table 4: Lipid extraction under the integrated disruption of biomass cells Method C. vulgaris IFR № С-111 NaCl ‘osmotic shock’ + + - - - - Sucrose ‘osmotic shock’ - - + + - - Antibiotic - - - - + + FVLT DOI: 10.3303/CET1649030 Please cite this article as: Dvoretsky D., Dvoretsky S., Temnov M., Akulinin E., Peshkova E., 2016, Enhanced lipid extraction from microalgae chlorella vulgaris biomass: experiments, modelling, optimization, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 49, 175-180 DOI: 10.3303/CET1649030 175 Table 1: Literature review Study Biomass type Best disruption method Solvent Lipid recovery, % Araujo et al.
    keywords: biomass; cells; extraction; lipids; microalgae; solvent; vulgaris
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        item: #4658 of 7527
          id: cet-3083
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 48dallavecchia.docx
        date: 2016-03-29
       words: 3949
      flesch: 48
     summary: Lipid productivity of the S. dimorphus cultures. First, a neutral lipid extraction was carried out by adopting hexane as the solvent; thereafter, polar lipids were extracted by a 2:1 mixture of dichloromethane and methanol.
    keywords: acid; biodiesel; biomass; culture; fatty; growth; lipids; microalgae; nitrogen
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        item: #4659 of 7527
          id: cet-3084
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 48dallavecchia.docx
        date: 2016-03-29
       words: 3963
      flesch: 43
     summary: On the other hand, the mixotrophic cultivation is more costly, but allows to attain relatively high lipid yields and biomass productivity (Liang et al., 2009). As expected, under mixotrophic conditions, biomass productivity is generally higher than under autotrophic conditions, in some cases more 190 than double when compared with the values obtained under autotrophic conditions, as also verified both for C. vulgaris (Liang et al., 2009) and A. platensis (Vonshak et al., 1988).
    keywords: biomass; conditions; growth; lipid; microalgae; platensis; productivity; salinity; stress; vulgaris
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        item: #4660 of 7527
          id: cet-3085
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 48dallavecchia.docx
        date: 2016-03-29
       words: 3413
      flesch: 48
     summary: Preliminary batch tests, which were carried out in 100-mL anaerobic Pyrex bottles, demonstrated that the process consisted of two sequential phases: (a) the conversion of lactose into lactic acid and (b) the conversion of lactic acid into a mixture of VFAs. Tests with VK demonstrated that the process consisted of two sequential phases (figure 1): (a) the conversion of lactose into lactic acid with a yield (in terms of C-mol) of 90% and (b) the conversion of lactic acid into a mixture of VFAs.
    keywords: acid; cheese; lactose; process; production; vfas; volume
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        item: #4661 of 7527
          id: cet-3086
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 48dallavecchia.docx
        date: 2016-03-29
       words: 3129
      flesch: 55
     summary: This demonstrated that both materials do not present any toxic effect on cell culture. The graph shows the proliferation of fibroblast cells in contact with the PLLA and PLDL after 24, 48 and 72h of exposition.
    keywords: assay; cells; contact; control; nanofibers; pldl; plla; toxicity
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        item: #4662 of 7527
          id: cet-3087
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 48dallavecchia.docx
        date: 2016-03-29
       words: 3548
      flesch: 52
     summary: Many studies showed the development of biomaterials applied in membrane separation and adsorption processes (Gimenes et al., 2007;Turbiani et al., 2011,Chen et al., 2012; Silva et al., 2015). The monolayer adsorption process, characteristic of the Langmuir isotherm, is compatible with adsorption process that involves chemical adsorption, as the complex link 208 between metals like copper(II) and hydroxyl and carboxyl groups presents in the amino acids, what indicated preferential link between sericin surface and ion in a single monolayer.
    keywords: adsorption; copper(ii; equilibrium; ions; models; powder; process; sericin
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        item: #4663 of 7527
          id: cet-3088
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 48dallavecchia.docx
        date: 2016-03-29
       words: 3265
      flesch: 43
     summary: This contribution reports the characterization of succinic acid fermentation by A. succinogenes 130Z adopting as carbon source sugars representative of the hydrolysis of lignocellulosic biomass: glucose, mannose, arabinose, and xylose. DOI: 10.3303/CET1649036 Please cite this article as: Ferone M., Raganati F., Olivieri G., Salatino P., Marzocchella A., 2016, Succinic acid production from hexoses and pentoses by fermentation of actinobacillus succinogenes, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 49, 211-216 DOI: 10.3303/CET1649036 211 Major developments include polymerisation of SA with its hydrogenated diol product (1,4-butanediol) to produce the biodegradable plastic polybutylene succinate (PBS).
    keywords: acid; concentration; fermentation; glucose; production; succinic; succinogenes; sugar
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        item: #4664 of 7527
          id: cet-3089
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 48dallavecchia.docx
        date: 2016-03-29
       words: 4059
      flesch: 46
     summary: Qi B., Chen X., Yi S., Wan Y., 2014, Inhibition of cellulase, β-glucosidase, and xylanase activities and enzymatic hydrolysis of dilute acid pretreated wheat straw by acetone-butanol-ethanol fermentation products, Environmental Progress & Sustainable Energy, 33, 497–503. Qureshi N., Blaschek H.P., 2001, Recovery of butanol from fermentation broth by gas stripping, Renewable Energy, 22, 557–564. Qureshi N., Maddox I.S., 2005, Reduction in butanol inhibition by perstraction: utilization of concentrated lactose/whey permeate by Clostridium acetobutylicum to enhance butanol fermentation economics, Food and Bioproducts Processing, 83, 43–52. The response variables (i.e. the dependent variables) analysed in every experiment were butanol concentration (g/L), YB/L (g/g) and consumed lactose (%), after 92 h of fermentation.
    keywords: abe; acetone; butanol; cheese; concentration; fermentation; lactose; production; whey
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        item: #4665 of 7527
          id: cet-309
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 211.docx
        date: 2017-10-04
       words: 4205
      flesch: 41
     summary: The successful application to regional renewable resources utilisation by Lam et al. (2010) has clearly illustrated this where the P-graph application stage is preceded by resource targeting, regional clustering and formulation of a series of network synthesis problems to pass to the P-graph algorithm. The formulation and solution of network problems for varying conditions have been also supported (Heckl et al., 2015).
    keywords: chemical; engineering; framework; friedler; graph; network; optimisation; problems; process; synthesis
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        item: #4666 of 7527
          id: cet-3090
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 48dallavecchia.docx
        date: 2016-03-29
       words: 4135
      flesch: 43
     summary: The optimized hydrolysis conditions, predicted by the polynomial model, were 1.72% (w/w) of sulfuric acid concentration and 112.0 min of acid hydrolysis time, for a fixed value of 10.0% (w/w) of solid load, with a total sugars yield of 78.8% for acid hydrolysis combined with a subsequent enzymatic hydrolysis step. The results show a strong dependence of total sugars recovery and total fermentation inhibitors on acid concentration, and a weaker dependence on solid load and acid hydrolysis time.
    keywords: acid; concentration; glucose; hydrolysis; inhibitors; pretreatment; sugars; switchgrass; time; total; xylose
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        item: #4667 of 7527
          id: cet-3091
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 48dallavecchia.docx
        date: 2016-03-29
       words: 3128
      flesch: 49
     summary: 51(2), 152-7. Qureshi N., Blaschek H.P., 2000, Economics of butanol fermentation using hyper-butanol producing Clostridium beijerinckii BA101, Trans IChemE 78(Part C), 139–144. Table 2: Relevant data of C. acetobutylicum fermentation tests for the different apple peels to water mass ratios.
    keywords: butanol; concentration; fermentation; mass; peels; production; residues; tests; water
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        item: #4668 of 7527
          id: cet-3092
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 48dallavecchia.docx
        date: 2016-03-29
       words: 2446
      flesch: 49
     summary: Sun L.N., Ren L.J., Zhang X.Y., Ji X.J., Yan J.C., Huang H., 2014, Differential effect of nutrient limitations on biochemical constituents and docosahexaenoic acid production of Schizochytrium sp. Mar Biol 140(5):883–889 Nakazawa A., Matsuura H., Kose R., Kato S., Honda D., Inouye I., Kaya K., Watanabe M.M., 2012, Optimization of biomass and fatty acid production by Aurantiochytrium sp. strain 4W-1b.
    keywords: biomass; culture; days; dha; production
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        item: #4669 of 7527
          id: cet-3093
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-3093
        date: 2016-04-01
       words: 3536
      flesch: 46
     summary: Stoichiometric relationships found were: 6.9 g sodium bicarbonate → 1 g biomass and 5.1 g bicarbonate ion → 1 g biomass, showing high potential of microalgae for fixation of ion bicarbonate and production of biomass, however, using sodium bicarbonate in batch conditions for carbohydrates production we did not find the maximum value mentioned in literature 244 (Mollers et al., 2015) requiring optimizations and adaptations of cultivation (fed-batch or continuous cultivation). In this work we studied the tolerance of Synechococcocus PCC 7002 to sodium bicarbonate concentration evaluating its biomass production and carbohydrates accumulation in batch conditions, as well as their relationship with nutrients such as N and P, in view to evaluate this alternative carbon source for cyanobacterial cultivation.
    keywords: bicarbonate; biomass; carbohydrates; co2; cultivation; growth; l-1; production; sodium
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        item: #4670 of 7527
          id: cet-3094
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 48dallavecchia.docx
        date: 2016-03-29
       words: 2681
      flesch: 52
     summary: However, both the lipids and hydrocarbons production were not affected positively showing a significant reduction from baseline making it possible to conclude that a single addition of Na2CO3 is sufficient to positively influence biomass production but not in the production of lipids and hydrocarbons. Hydrocarbon production from secondarily treated piggery wastewater by the green alga Botryococcus braunii.
    keywords: biomass; botryococcus; braunii; hydrocarbons; lipids; nitrogen; production
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        item: #4671 of 7527
          id: cet-3095
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 48dallavecchia.docx
        date: 2016-03-29
       words: 4230
      flesch: 45
     summary: Fatty acids were identified by comparison with commercial fatty acid methyl ester standards (FAME32; Supelco) and total quantification of fatty acids, expressed as total fatty acids (TFA) was performed by using an internal standard: 50 µg of heptadecanoic acid C17:0 However, linoleic acid accumulation is produced up to 20 % with respect to total fatty acids in one of the engineered strains, 15-fold the wild type amount.
    keywords: acid; cpfah12; fatty; gossypii; lipid; production; strain
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        item: #4672 of 7527
          id: cet-3096
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 48dallavecchia.docx
        date: 2016-03-29
       words: 3739
      flesch: 50
     summary: Before starting the experiments, the wounded cell monolayers were covered with fresh culture medium supplemented or not with different honeys or honey mixtures at 0.1 % or 1 % (v/v). Honey samples were placed, as received, in glass containers and stored in the dark at room temperature until use.
    keywords: activity; cell; healing; honey; image; mixtures; time; vitro; wound
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        item: #4673 of 7527
          id: cet-3097
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 48dallavecchia.docx
        date: 2016-03-29
       words: 3495
      flesch: 53
     summary: Basile L., Tugnoli A., Stramigioli C., Cozzani V., 2014, Influence of pressure on the heat of biomass pyrolysis, Fuel, 137, 277-284. It can be seen that, at lower temperatures (˂600 °C), the gas obtained from catalytic process contains more combustible than the gas obtained from non-catalytic process.
    keywords: bio; biomass; catalyst; fraction; gas; oil; process; products; pyrolysis; yield
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        item: #4674 of 7527
          id: cet-3098
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 48dallavecchia.docx
        date: 2016-03-29
       words: 3357
      flesch: 43
     summary: Corresponding to the experimental set-up, the simulator was initialized with six bioreactor stages and three subpopulations per bioreactor stage – acidogenic, intermediate, solventogenic (Figure 2). Furthermore, the simulator allows us to analyse the impact of additional feeding points as in Horvat et al. (2013) and recirculation between bioreactor stages.
    keywords: bioreactor; h-1; model; solventogenic; state
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        item: #4675 of 7527
          id: cet-3099
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 48dallavecchia.docx
        date: 2016-09-28
       words: 3555
      flesch: 38
     summary: The effect of increasing vegetal oil concentration on the growth of B. cepacia B27 was studied by monitoring the maximum specific growth rate in the medium varying vegetal oil concentration (ranging from 0.5 to 170 g/L) while the concentration of the medium components was keeping constant at their optimized values. DOI: 10.3303/CET1649047 Please cite this article as: Mendez D., Cabeza I., Moreno N., Riascos C., 2016, Mathematical modelling and scale-up of batch fermentation with burkholderia cepacia b27 using vegetal oil as carbon source to produce polyhydroxyalkanoates, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 49, 277-282 DOI: 10.3303/CET1649047 277 2.
    keywords: batch; biomass; concentration; fermentation; growth; medium; model; oil; pha; vegetal
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        item: #4676 of 7527
          id: cet-310
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 211.docx
        date: 2017-10-04
       words: 4044
      flesch: 65
     summary: The risk limit was set by setting the upper limits on risk assessment either for each unit separately or for overall process risk. The upper bound on the risk limit can be set either for overall process risk or for each unit separately.
    keywords: process; risk; safety
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        item: #4677 of 7527
          id: cet-3100
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 48dallavecchia.docx
        date: 2016-03-29
       words: 3290
      flesch: 49
     summary: References Anca-Couce, A.; Mehrabian, R. and Scharler, R., 2014, Kinetic scheme to predict product composition of biomass torrefaction, Chemical Engineering Transactions – CET, 37, 43-48. Felfli, F.E.F., Luengo, C. A.; Beaton, P. and Suarez, J. A 1999, Efficiency test bench unit torrefaction and characterization of torrefied biomass, In: Biomass conference of Americas, , 4th, 1, 589-592.
    keywords: analysis; biomass; content; energy; process; samples; temperature; torrefaction
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        item: #4678 of 7527
          id: cet-3101
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 48dallavecchia.docx
        date: 2016-03-29
       words: 2986
      flesch: 45
     summary: Polymer aqueous solutions were prepared by overnight magnetic stirring at room temperature. Low concentrated polymer solutions (0.1 wt%) were analyzed by gel filtration chromatography (GFC) after 0.45 µm filtration by using two Shodex SB HQ columns in series (806 and 804) thermostated at 15 °C with a Knauer oven and connected to a HPLC device (LC-2010 AT Prominence, Shimadzu, Kyoto, Japan) equipped with a 50 μl sample loop.
    keywords: ethanol; irradiation; kgy; mixing; polymer; solutions; storage; xyloglucan
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        item: #4679 of 7527
          id: cet-3102
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 48dallavecchia.docx
        date: 2016-03-29
       words: 2463
      flesch: 37
     summary: With the use of electrochemical techniques other is set for each surface, the rate of degradation of material calcium phosphate and silica in concentrations 70-30 and 30-70% w / w respectively. Calle de los estudiantes No. 10-20 Cuidadela real de minas ing.nerly.montanez@hotmail.com In this work, a biocomposite is obtained calcium phosphate and silica extracted from rice hulls in order to be used as bone filler, for cases where the patient has significant bone loss.
    keywords: calcium; degradation; figure; material; oxide; phosphate; silicon; surface
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        item: #4680 of 7527
          id: cet-3103
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 48dallavecchia.docx
        date: 2016-03-29
       words: 2822
      flesch: 54
     summary: 304 a b c Figure 6: a) Symmetric thermal history; b) Scaffold morphology – Border (Sample 1); c) Scaffold morphology – Border (Sample 2) With this protocol, most of pores appeared as closed-cells, with a presence of micro-pores on the regions between macro-pores. a b c Figure 7: a) Asymmetric thermal history; b) Scaffold morphology – Border 20’; c) Scaffold morphology – Border 45’
    keywords: bone; figure; plla; pore; sample; scaffolds
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        item: #4681 of 7527
          id: cet-3104
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 48dallavecchia.docx
        date: 2016-03-29
       words: 3621
      flesch: 46
     summary: The percentages of total lipids obtained in each culture media tested are shown in Figure 2. 309 Figure 2: Total lipid yields of S. marcescens UCP/WFCC 1549 cultured in different production media for 72 h at 150 rpm and 28 °C. Table 1: Percent composition of fatty acids methyl esters obtained after transesterification of lipids produced by S. marcescens UCP/WFCC 1549 cultured in different production media.
    keywords: acid; biodiesel; lipids; marcescens; media; medium; production; waste
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        item: #4682 of 7527
          id: cet-3105
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 48dallavecchia.docx
        date: 2016-03-29
       words: 4300
      flesch: 57
     summary: A publication of The Italian Association of Chemical Engineering Online at www.aidic.it/cet Guest Editors: Enrico Bardone, Marco Bravi, Tajalli Keshavarz Copyright © 2016, AIDIC Servizi S.r.l., ISBN 978-88-95608-40-2; ISSN 2283-9216 Charcoal Briquette Production Using Orange Bagasse and Corn Starch Karine Zanella*a, José L. Gonçalvesb, Osvaldir P. Tarantoa aSchool of Chemical Engineering, University of Campinas, 500, Albert Einsten Ave., Campinas – SP, Brazil, Zip Code 13083-852 bCenter of Semiconductor Components and Nanotechnologies, Univesity of Campinas, 90 João Pandiá Calógeras St., Campinas - SP, Brazil, Zip Code 13083-870 karinezll@msn.com Carbonization technique (muffle furnace at 450 °C) was applied on the orange bagasse (solid wastes) to produce charcoal briquettes, using corn starch as binder and a 1.0 ton-force manual hydraulic press. Corn starch was chosen since it is abundant and widely used as a binder in briquetting, due to its high adhesive power and power generation to make charcoal briquettes with high strength.
    keywords: bagasse; binder; briquettes; carbon; charcoal; corn; corn starch; orange; starch
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        item: #4683 of 7527
          id: cet-3106
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 48dallavecchia.docx
        date: 2016-03-29
       words: 2937
      flesch: 47
     summary: Although, in the last years, the attention addressed to the environment and to carbon dioxide emissions’ reduction is increasing, the environmental aspects of aerogel production have been very rarely investigated. Among them, LCA studies on food products are very difficult to be carried out because of the lack of databases (Iannone et al., 2014); for similar reasons, data pertaining innovative processes, like the one for aerogel production, are difficult to source.
    keywords: aerogel; alcogel; drying; energy; ethanol; lca; production; starch; supercritical; water
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        item: #4684 of 7527
          id: cet-3107
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 48dallavecchia.docx
        date: 2016-03-29
       words: 3043
      flesch: 54
     summary: The aim of this work is to use a life cycle approach to compare the global warming potential (GWP) emissions of these two different techniques to guarantee the quality of semi-finished apricots to the customer. The goal of this study is to evaluate the environmental impacts (with an in-depth analysis in terms of GWP) of the production of semi-finished apricots.
    keywords: apricots; aseptic; cycle; energy; lca; life; production; supply
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        item: #4685 of 7527
          id: cet-3108
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 48dallavecchia.docx
        date: 2016-03-29
       words: 3157
      flesch: 42
     summary: Other Italian regions sunflower cultivations and biodiesel productions were rarely been the object of LCA studies and, therefore, the aim of the present study is an environmental analysis of biodiesel production on pilot scale from sunflower oil in Campania. In this study, an environmental analysis of biodiesel production on pilot scale from sunflower oil was performed.
    keywords: biodiesel; cycle; emissions; energy; impact; lca; life; production; sunflower; ton
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        item: #4686 of 7527
          id: cet-3109
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 48dallavecchia.docx
        date: 2016-03-29
       words: 3043
      flesch: 49
     summary: In the case of lager beer production, the relative importance of the phases is quite different. Since beer production uses grains as one of the raw materials, it is considered a food product (Talve, 2001).
    keywords: beer; cycle; energy; lager; life; production; supply
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        item: #4687 of 7527
          id: cet-311
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 211.docx
        date: 2017-10-04
       words: 3192
      flesch: 52
     summary: In recent years, advances in drilling and fracturing technologies leads to a boom of shale gas production in the U.S. (Gao et al., 2017). Optimal design and operations of supply chain networks for water management in shale gas production: MILFP model and algorithms for the water-energy nexus.
    keywords: cracking; design; ethylene; gas; manufacturing; process; propylene; shale
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        item: #4688 of 7527
          id: cet-3110
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 48dallavecchia.docx
        date: 2016-03-29
       words: 2981
      flesch: 52
     summary: SF aerogels were loaded with Ascorbic acid (AA) at 5 % w/w with respect the protein; it was selected since it should favor cell growth and, for example in case of bone tissue engineering applications, for osteoblast differentiation. Moreover, release tests by a spectrophotometer UV/Vis to measure AA release kinetics from SF aerogels and mechanical tests to determine the Young modulus of the produced SF aerogels were also performed.
    keywords: aerogels; baldino; drying; release; scaffolds
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        item: #4689 of 7527
          id: cet-3111
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 48dallavecchia.docx
        date: 2016-03-29
       words: 2842
      flesch: 46
     summary: In the second step, the expansion and crosslinking of the polymer was performed , producing a tridimensional molecular network of urethane groups, which form the high molecular weight thermoset PU scaffold. Barros, L., Calhelha, R. C., Queiroz, M. J. R. P., Santos-Buelga, C., Santos, E. A., Regis, W. C. B., Ferreira, I. C. F. R. 2015, The powerful in vitro bioactivity of Euterpe oleracea Mart.
    keywords: 2014; characterization; chemical; engineering; figure; polyurethane; step; tissue
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        item: #4690 of 7527
          id: cet-3112
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 48dallavecchia.docx
        date: 2016-03-29
       words: 2378
      flesch: 53
     summary: Enzyme assisted protein extraction from rapeseed, soybean, and microalgae meals. Results shown that best conditions for carbohydrates extraction are achieved at a solvent concentration of 3.67 M, 55°C and a solvent/biomass ratio of 30mL/g.
    keywords: biomass; carbohydrates; extraction; proteins; solvent; temperature
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        item: #4691 of 7527
          id: cet-3113
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 48dallavecchia.docx
        date: 2016-03-29
       words: 2101
      flesch: 50
     summary: Introduction The demand for drinking water in developing countries is growing, in line with the Millennium Development Goals (UN - United Nations, 2014); however, this activity require large amounts of chemical, particularly inorganic salts such as ferric chloride (FeCl3) and aluminum sulfate (Al2SO4). Table 1: Standard for drinking water (Resolution 2115, 2007).
    keywords: aloe; figure; melocactus; removal; standard; vera; water
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        item: #4692 of 7527
          id: cet-3114
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 062_93Abud rev.docx
        date: 2016-04-20
       words: 4041
      flesch: 44
     summary: DOI: 10.3303/CET1649062 Please cite this article as: Silva De Souza A., Oliveira Junior A.M., De Farias Silva C.E., Abud De Souza A.K., 2016, Inhibitors influence on ethanol fermentation by pichia stipitis, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 49, 367-372 DOI: 10.3303/CET1649062 367 Among the fermenting pentoses microorganisms, Pichia stipitis appears as capable of fermenting xylose and other important hexoses to ethanol from hydrolyzed lignocellulosic biomass, with conditions as pH, temperature, oxygen, agitation and medium composition as important factors in the process of bioconversion (Sunitha et al., 1999; Nigan, 2001; Cabral et al., 2005; Agbogbo et al., 2008; Farias et al., 2013.). The presence of hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) and furfural (F) in a concentration of 0.05 g/L and 0.25 g/L, respectively, showed a positive effect on ethanol fermentation, in particular with only HMF, which showed values of cell growth and consumption of similar substrate the control assay (C).
    keywords: ethanol; fermentation; glucose; hac; hmf; inhibitors; production; stipitis; xylose
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        item: #4693 of 7527
          id: cet-3115
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 48dallavecchia.docx
        date: 2016-03-29
       words: 3680
      flesch: 56
     summary: In this contribution we investigate the feasibility of using DOC values as a means to assess the effectiveness of an enzyme-assisted pretreatment of microalgae. mg g–1 0 5 10 15 20 GMA dosage (D2) mg g–1 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 Table 2: Experimental design layout and observed (yexp) and calculated (ycalc) DOC values.
    keywords: cell; doc; lipid; pretreatment; values
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        item: #4694 of 7527
          id: cet-3116
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 48dallavecchia.docx
        date: 2016-03-29
       words: 2978
      flesch: 52
     summary: Perego P., Converti A., Del Borghi M., 2003, Effects of temperature, inoculum size and starch hydrolyzate concentration on butanediol production by Bacillus licheniformis. Lee H.K., Maddox S., Microbial production of 2,3-butanediol from whey permeate.
    keywords: 2,3; bdo; concentration; fermentation; glucose; production; sucrose
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        item: #4695 of 7527
          id: cet-3117
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 48dallavecchia.docx
        date: 2016-03-29
       words: 4262
      flesch: 50
     summary: It has several benefits like, minimizes the greenhouse gasses emission, allows the valorisation of solid wastes, contributes with low consumption of fossil fuels and increase the biogas yield compared to the individual digestion (Doublet DOI: 10.3303/CET1649065 Please cite this article as: Cabeza I., Thomas M., Vasquez A., Acevedo P., Hernandez M., 2016, Anaerobic co-digestion of organic residues from different productive sectors in colombia: biomethanation potential assessment, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 49, 385-390 DOI: 10.3303/CET1649065 385 et al., 2013). Angelidaki, I., Alves, D., Bolonzella, L., Borzacconi, J., Campos, A., Guwy, S., Van Lier, J., 2009, Defining the biochemical methane potential (BMP) of solid organic wastes and energy crops: a proposed protocol for batch assays.
    keywords: anaerobic; cocoa; colombia; digestion; manure; methane; potential; production; residues; substrates; swine; wastes
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        item: #4696 of 7527
          id: cet-3118
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 48dallavecchia.docx
        date: 2016-03-29
       words: 2913
      flesch: 53
     summary: A microalgae based biorefinery must take into account several issues for its sustainability such as water requirements, production costs, environmental impacts and process efficiency. Acid hydrolysis of cellulose to glucose was considered with a 96% performance and bioethanol production was carried out through a simultaneous saccharification and fermentation process, with a yield of 92.3% on the stage, 112 kg/h of ethanol, 28.5 kg/h of biodiesel, 126.5 kg/h of protein and 3 kg/h of glycerol were obtained by the process simulation.
    keywords: biomass; cost; energy; integration; microalgae; process; production; table; vinasse
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        item: #4697 of 7527
          id: cet-3119
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 48dallavecchia.docx
        date: 2016-03-29
       words: 3728
      flesch: 49
     summary: The invariance of the volumetric and areal biomass productivity rate may be interpreted considering that the basis of microalgal biomass production is directly proportional to the efficiency of photosynthesis. The advantages of microalgae as feedstock for biodiesel production with respect to terrestrial plants are: i) the microalgae can accumulate lipid at high concentration; ii) the microalgae do not require fertile land; iii) the microalgae can growth even on not freshwater; iv) the microalgae are characterized by high sensitivity to growth conditions and the different types of stress change the lipid composition; v) the microalgae can produce high value products.
    keywords: biodiesel; biomass; concentration; conditions; cultures; irradiance; light; microalgae; outdoor; photobioreactors; production
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        item: #4698 of 7527
          id: cet-312
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 211.docx
        date: 2017-10-04
       words: 3348
      flesch: 62
     summary: Therefore, considerable research effort has been made in batch process scheduling (Sun et al., 2016). This paper proposes a novel data-driven multistage adaptive robust optimization (ARO) modeling framework and its solution strategy to address batch process scheduling under uncertainty.
    keywords: aro; batch; data; multistage; n n; scheduling
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        item: #4699 of 7527
          id: cet-3120
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 48dallavecchia.docx
        date: 2016-03-29
       words: 4014
      flesch: 54
     summary: This work aimed to assess the addition of Hibiscus sabdariffa L in extruded products represented by a snack made of cassava. The enrichment of extruded products is common but there is no report of any flower source as raw material.
    keywords: antioxidant; cassava; extruded; extrusion; food; hibiscus; powder; products
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        item: #4700 of 7527
          id: cet-3121
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 48dallavecchia.docx
        date: 2016-03-29
       words: 3706
      flesch: 50
     summary: H2 production was conducted in 0.5 L batch reactor under varying organic loading in the range of 2.5 to 12.5 g/L, initial pH of 6 and 37oC. Maximum H2 production, the percentage of starch hydrolysis and glucose utilization were observed at 5 g/L starch. The organic loading strongly impact the principal flux of H2 production.
    keywords: acetate; acid; fermentation; flux; hydrogen; metabolic; production; starch
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        item: #4701 of 7527
          id: cet-3122
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 48dallavecchia.docx
        date: 2016-03-29
       words: 3265
      flesch: 44
     summary: In addition, in heterotrophic growth conditions biomass productivity can be enhanced up to two orders of magnitude (Richmond 2004). bProcessi Innovativi srl, Via Guido Polidoro, 1, 67100 L'Aquila, Italy c Bio-P srl, Via di Vannina 88, Rome, Italy *francesca.pagnanelli@uniroma1.it Biotechnological processes based on microalgae cultivation are promising for several industrial applications.
    keywords: biomass; concentration; conditions; cultivation; growth; light; microalgae; production; stage; starch
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        item: #4702 of 7527
          id: cet-3123
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 48dallavecchia.docx
        date: 2016-03-29
       words: 2926
      flesch: 45
     summary: Linearised graphs of PSOM showing Cd adsorption for 3 algal species t(mins) 0 100 200 300 400 t/ q (m g .m in /g ) 0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 Stichococcus bacillaris PSOM t(mins) 0 100 200 300 400 t/ q (m in .m g /g ) 0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 Desmodesmus multivariabilis PSOM t(mins) 0 100 200 300 400 t/ q (m in .m g /g ) 0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 Chlorroidium saccharophilum PSOM Figure 2. Free algal cells of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii and Chloroidium saccharophilum showed similarities in Tl adsorption with the highest maxq of 1000 mg/g and b of 1.667 L/g. Stichococcus bacillaris generally showed the lowest maxq of 8.33.3 mg/g for Tl adsorption, Table 1.
    keywords: adsorption; algae; immobilised; removal
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        item: #4703 of 7527
          id: cet-3124
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 48dallavecchia.docx
        date: 2016-03-29
       words: 4012
      flesch: 41
     summary: (Megharaj, Kantachote, et al. 2000) examined the impact of DDT contamination towards soil algae, microbial biomass, and activity of a soil enzyme (dehydrogenase). (Megharaj, Boul, and Thiele 1999) have first reported on the effects of DDT and its metabolites on soil algae and enzymatic activities in a spiked soil under laboratory incubation conditions.
    keywords: algae; bioremediation; contamination; cyanobacteria; degradation; environmental; megharaj; microalgae; pollutants; soil; species
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        item: #4704 of 7527
          id: cet-3125
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 48dallavecchia.docx
        date: 2016-03-29
       words: 3596
      flesch: 48
     summary: In all kinetic assays (reaction rate vs. substrate concentration) the reaction appears substrate inhibited. 0,0E+00 5,0E-07 1,0E-06 1,5E-06 2,0E-06 2,5E-06 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 r (µ m o l (m in U N H a s e )- 1 ) pH Na-acetate buffer Na-phosphate buffer 0 0,5 1 1,5 2 0 0,0001 0,0002 0,0003 0,0004 5,5 6,5 7,5 K M (m M ) V m a x (µ m o l (m in U N H a s e )- 1 ) pH Vmax Km 436 Figure 4: Biodegradation of 0.5 mM Bromoxynil at different pH. Time course of reaction rate in CSMR operated at 20 °C, 250 rpm and 11,000 UNHase, unless differently indicated.
    keywords: bromoxynil; cantarella; cells; reaction; time
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        item: #4705 of 7527
          id: cet-3126
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 48dallavecchia.docx
        date: 2016-03-29
       words: 3230
      flesch: 48
     summary: In experiments conducted under aerobic conditions, near complete reduction of Cr(VI) was achieved under initial Cr(VI) concentrations up to 70 mg/L and a fixed As(III) concentration of 20 mg/L. The performance of both reactors at different Cr(VI) and As(III) concentration was investigated. .
    keywords: as(iii; batch; concentration; cr(vi; efficiency; presence; reactor; reduction
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        item: #4706 of 7527
          id: cet-3127
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 48dallavecchia.docx
        date: 2016-03-29
       words: 3234
      flesch: 33
     summary: Hence, the MEC combined COD and CO2 removal in addition to nutrients and energy recovery from an anodic influent that simulated an urban wastewater. A publication of The Italian Association of Chemical Engineering Online at www.aidic.it/cet Guest Editors:Enrico Bardone, Marco Bravi, Tajalli Keshavarz Copyright © 2016, AIDIC Servizi S.r.l., ISBN978-88-95608-40-2; ISSN 2283-9216 Reduction of Carbon Dioxide into Acetate in a Fully Biological Microbial Electrolysis Cell Marco Zeppilli, Ilaria Ceccarelli, Marianna Villano, Mauro Majone Department of Chemistry,Sapienza University of Rome, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy marco.zeppilli@uniroma1.it A microbial electrolysis cell (MEC) was operated in continuous-flow condition to obtain cathodic CO2 reduction into acetate and methane along with COD anodic oxidation.
    keywords: acetate; anodic; cathodic; chamber; co2; energy; mec; methane; nitrogen
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        item: #4707 of 7527
          id: cet-3128
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 48dallavecchia.docx
        date: 2016-03-29
       words: 4224
      flesch: 56
     summary: In vortexing unbaffled tanks this may well occur through the central vortex gas-liquid inter-phase and through air bubbles surface, for systems operated at agitation speeds sufficient for air entrapping. 2.1 Njs assessment The minimum turbine speed insuring the suspension of all particles (Njs) was assessed by the well-known “one second criterion” (Zwietering, 1958). 100 1000 10000 1 10 100 1000 N js [r pm ] B[%] Vortexing Unbaffled tank Baffled tank_Zwietering correlation 100 1000 10000 1 10 100 1000 N ca [r p m ] B[%] Vortexing Unbaffled tank (a) (b) 453 The different power requirements between the baffled and unbaffled configuration is probably due to the different suspension mechanism which leads to different Njs values (the lower N, the lower P) but also to the different particle distribution in the two tanks.
    keywords: dependence; njs; power; suspension; tank; unbaffled
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        item: #4708 of 7527
          id: cet-3129
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 48dallavecchia.docx
        date: 2016-03-29
       words: 3338
      flesch: 42
     summary: For this reason, the simulation results corresponding to a reactor feeding of only nitrate (i.e. without nitrite and ammonium ion) are first considered in Figure 1. Figure 1: Temporal profiles of species concentration according to reaction mechanisms 1 (a) and 2 (b) when feeding only nitrate as nitrogen source for biomass growth. In such a case, the further discrimination between Mechanisms 2 and 5 may be obtained through experimental runs by feeding only nitrite to the reactor (i.e. nitrate and ammonium ion are absent): as shown in Figure 4, when only nitrite is initially present in the system as nitrogen source for cell cultivation, Mechanism 2 predicts an initial biomass growth while a delay is obtained for Mechanism 5. Figure 4: Temporal profiles of species concentration according to reaction mechanisms 2 (a) and 5 (b) when feeding only nitrite as nitrogen source for biomass growth. a) b)
    keywords: biomass; growth; mechanisms; nitrite; reaction
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        item: #4709 of 7527
          id: cet-313
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 211.docx
        date: 2017-10-04
       words: 3446
      flesch: 52
     summary: There is still very limited amount of research that had considered both vehicle constraints and sustainability performance simultaneously during the synthesis of biomass supply chain. In tandem with the Tenth Malaysia Plan, a vast number of research works have been conducted in order to boast the development of biomass supply chain industry in Malaysia.
    keywords: biomass; chain; eiq; energy; environmental; malaysia; model; potential; supply; sustainability
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        item: #4710 of 7527
          id: cet-3130
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 48dallavecchia.docx
        date: 2016-03-29
       words: 3121
      flesch: 65
     summary: Table 1: Properties of buffalo manure samples TS By chance, only one point (sample D) falls really within the optimal interval, delimited in figure with dashed lines, and two points (samples F) are on the lower limit, all the others are outside.
    keywords: buffalo; digestion; manure; ratio; sample
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        item: #4711 of 7527
          id: cet-3131
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 48dallavecchia.docx
        date: 2016-03-29
       words: 3559
      flesch: 45
     summary: Sci. Biotechnol. 5, 375–398, DOI 10.1007/s11157-005-5728-9 Saby S., Djafer M., Chen G.H., 2003, Effect of low ORP in anoxic sludge zone on excess sludge production in oxic-settling-anoxic activated sludge process, Wat. Res. 37, 11–20 Semblante G.U., Hai F.I., Ngo H.H., Guo W., You S.J., Price W.E., Nghiem L.D, 2014, Sludge cycling between aerobic, anoxic and anaerobic regimes to reduce sludge production during wastewater treatment: Performance, mechanisms, and implications, Biores. Influent and activated sludge came from a municipal WWTP located in the Friuli Venezia Giulia region operating in the CAS configuration.
    keywords: anaerobic; microfauna; osa; process; production; run; sludge; tank; treatment
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        item: #4712 of 7527
          id: cet-3132
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 48dallavecchia.docx
        date: 2016-03-29
       words: 2933
      flesch: 42
     summary: Effects of polyphenols on lipid accumulation and cell viability To mimic hepatic steatosis, FaO cells were overloaded of lipids by exposure to an oleate/palmitate mixture for 3 h, then cells were treated with single PP or PEOP for 24 h. The intracellular TG accumulation was quantified in control (C) and ‘steatotic’ cells incubated in the absence (OP) or in the presence of the single polyphenols Apigenin (OP+A), Tyrosol (OP+T), Oleuropein (OP+O) (Figure 1). Our results show that the exposure of rat hepatoma FaO cells to both single PP and to PEOP significantly reduced both the TG accumulation and the lipid peroxidation without significantly affect cell viability.
    keywords: cells; effects; extract; lipid; olive; peop; polyphenols; pomace
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        item: #4713 of 7527
          id: cet-3133
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 48dallavecchia.docx
        date: 2016-03-29
       words: 3232
      flesch: 46
     summary: Conclusion In this study, whey was used as an effective low cost substrate for kefir grain production. It was found that kefir grain increase was nearly the same in whey and in milk.
    keywords: grain; growth; increase; kefir; mass; whey
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        item: #4714 of 7527
          id: cet-3134
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 48dallavecchia.docx
        date: 2016-03-29
       words: 3060
      flesch: 47
     summary: Table 2: Analysis of Variance for Pleurotus growth. First the mycelium tolerance was assessed by considering a solid medium and the experimental campaign was based on a fractional design, aimed to evaluate the impact of different medium composition on Pleurotus growth when exposed to PAHs contaminants.
    keywords: caju; chrysene; growth; medium; mycelium; pleurotus; pyrene; sajor
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        item: #4715 of 7527
          id: cet-3135
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 48dallavecchia.docx
        date: 2016-03-29
       words: 3529
      flesch: 43
     summary: Introduction Today it is vital to reduce environmental impacts generated by industries in all its processes, and in particular for those stages where there are water flows. LCA is a standardized method (ISO 14040- 14044:2006), which is used to estimate the impact over a wide range of environmental impact categories (global warming, acidification, eutrophication, human toxicity, etc.) from the construction to the operation and dismantling of WWTPs (Corominas et al. 2013).
    keywords: benefit; cattle; impact; plant; process; treatment; water; wwtp
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        item: #4716 of 7527
          id: cet-3136
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 48dallavecchia.docx
        date: 2016-03-29
       words: 3132
      flesch: 47
     summary: 3. Results 3.1 Wastewater characteristics Characteristics of wastewater samples are reported in Table 1. 2.3 Fed-batch aerobic pre-treatment The procedure includes addition of 1 M HCl to adjust the pH of textile wastewater samples to values around 7.5.
    keywords: activity; ammonium; anammox; industry; nitrogen; printing; tests; wastewater
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        item: #4717 of 7527
          id: cet-3137
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 48dallavecchia.docx
        date: 2016-03-29
       words: 1980
      flesch: 43
     summary: Tansel, B., 2014, Propagation of impacts after oil spills at sea: Categorization and quantification of local vs regional and immediate vs delayed impacts. This machine was denominated Oil Bioremoval Prototype (OBP) and was composed by two modulus: one with mechanical agitation made by impellers to mix oil, water, and biosurfactant and other with dissolved air utilized to flotate the mixture.
    keywords: aeration; air; biosurfactant; frequency; oil; time
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        item: #4718 of 7527
          id: cet-3138
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 48dallavecchia.docx
        date: 2016-03-29
       words: 3378
      flesch: 43
     summary: In this study, a hydrocarbon-degrading mixed inoculum which is able to use used oil as sole carbon source, was selected from 15 bacterial isolates obtained from automotive service station oil-contaminated soils. Thus, the management of used oil and oily wastes from automotive service stations represents an important environmental problem.
    keywords: degradation; gene; hydrocarbon; isolates; microbial; mixed; oil; pcr; removal; service; soil
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        item: #4719 of 7527
          id: cet-3139
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 48dallavecchia.docx
        date: 2016-03-29
       words: 3496
      flesch: 45
     summary: Yeast and bacterial isolates were obtained from solid and liquid wastes from a grease trap of a palm oil refining process, based on their ability to use palm oil as sole carbon source in solid medium. Five out of these isolates showed lipolytic activity evidenced by changes in the turbidity, colour and produced a substantial decrease in O&G concentrations in liquid MBS cultures containing palm oil.
    keywords: candida; cod; degradation; isolates; microorganisms; o&g; oil; palm; palm oil; palmioleophila; removal; yeast
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        item: #4720 of 7527
          id: cet-314
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 211.docx
        date: 2017-10-04
       words: 4059
      flesch: 35
     summary: Information technology- based (IT-based) Deployment of “smart systems” that increases the efficiency of production and consumption in the clean energy and technologies and the integration of ICT-enabled green innovation into green growth policies and workforce training programs. As green economy is still a contested and relatively new concept in Malaysia, the government has played a major role in the policy agenda-setting process of green growth in Malaysia.
    keywords: capital; conditions; development; energy; financing; government; green; growth; malaysia; policy; projects; technology
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        item: #4721 of 7527
          id: cet-3140
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 48dallavecchia.docx
        date: 2016-03-29
       words: 3881
      flesch: 44
     summary: Another biopolymer produced by C. lipolytica using glucose as substrate showed 47 % protein, 45 % carbohydrate and lipid 5 % (Sarubbo et al., 2001) and the bioemulsifier obtained using brazilian babassu oil as substrate showed 60 % carbohydrates, 23 % protein and 11 % lipids, demonstrating that the same micro-organism can produce different biosurfactants depending on the used substrate (Sarubbo et al., 1999). A publication of The Italian Association of Chemical Engineering Online at www.aidic.it/cet Guest Editors: Enrico Bardone, Marco Bravi, Tajalli Keshavarz Copyright © 2016, AIDIC Servizi S.r.l., ISBN 978-88-95608-40-2; ISSN 2283-9216 Production of a Low-cost Biosurfactant for Application in the Remediation of Sea water Contaminated with Petroleum Derivates Leonie A. Sarubbo*, Juliana M. de Luna, Raquel D. Rufino, Pedro P. F. Brasileiro Centre of Science and Technology, Catholic University of Pernambuco, Rua do Príncipe, n. 526, Boa Vista, Cep: 50050- 900, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil leonie@unicap.br Biosurfactants are natural surfactants produced by bacteria, yeasts or fungi from different substrates, including sugars, oils, alkanes.
    keywords: biosurfactant; oil; surface; tension; water
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        item: #4722 of 7527
          id: cet-3141
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 48dallavecchia.docx
        date: 2016-03-29
       words: 3966
      flesch: 46
     summary: Zhang Q., Wu D., Lin Y., Wang X., Kong H., Tanaka S, 2015, Substrate and product inhibition on yeast performance in ethanol fermentation, Energy Fuels, 29, 1019-1027. Ozmihci S., Kargi F., 2007, Effect of feed sugar concentration on continuous ethanol fermentation of cheese whey powder solution (CWP), Enzyme and Microbial Technology, 41, 876-880.
    keywords: cell; concentration; ethanol; fermentation; lactose; production; substrate
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        item: #4723 of 7527
          id: cet-3142
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 48dallavecchia.docx
        date: 2016-03-29
       words: 2563
      flesch: 43
     summary: In recent years, studies DOI: 10.3303/CET1649090 Please cite this article as: Rufino R.D., Neves da Motta Silveira G. , Luna J.M., Sarubbo L.A., 2016, Conservation of the biosurfactant produced by pseudomonas aeruginosa for environmental applications, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 49, 535-540 DOI: 10.3303/CET1649090 535 have focused on the production of biosurfactants have intensified due to the characteristics of these compounds as biodegradability, low toxicity, specificity and stability under extreme conditions of temperature, pH and salinity (Felse et al., 2006; Mukherjee et al., 2006; Rufino et al., 2008; Sarubbo et al., 2015). Biosurfactants can only replace synthetic surfactants if the cost of the raw material and the process is minimal (Rufino et al., 2013).
    keywords: biosurfactant; emulsification; figure; oil; surface
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        item: #4724 of 7527
          id: cet-3143
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 48dallavecchia.docx
        date: 2016-03-29
       words: 3598
      flesch: 53
     summary: During the fermentation, Pseudomonas fluorescens UCP 1514 grew as well in the control as in DBT medium (Figure 1). The specific velocity of growth on control was 0.25 h-1 and in experiments with DBT was 0.22 h-1, with a generation time of 2.77 and 3.15 hours for the control and DBT culture, respectively (Table 1).
    keywords: culture; dbt; dna; fluorescens; growth; hours; medium; pseudomonas
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        item: #4725 of 7527
          id: cet-3144
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 48dallavecchia.docx
        date: 2016-03-29
       words: 2690
      flesch: 43
     summary: Yeast L104 showed a low growth at 15°C , 0.14 g L-1. Cell growth assay results points yeast L69 as the only one that developed at both temperatures, with 2.95 and 5.21 g .L-1, at 30 and 15°C respectively.
    keywords: biosurfactant; emulsification; index; l104; production; results; tension; yeasts
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        item: #4726 of 7527
          id: cet-3145
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 48dallavecchia.docx
        date: 2016-03-29
       words: 3714
      flesch: 53
     summary: As CO2 concentration increases, it determines a biomass and total lipid productivity decrease, for some algal species (Chiu et al., 2009).The algal density strongly affects the nutrient removal performance and the photosynthetic efficiency (Lau et al., 1995, Darley, 1982). The latter parameter increases the microalgae production rate and the nitrogen and phosphorous removal rates (Kim et al., 2013).
    keywords: design; growth; light; microalgae; nitrogen; no3; removal; table; urea; water
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        item: #4727 of 7527
          id: cet-3146
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 48dallavecchia.docx
        date: 2016-03-29
       words: 3135
      flesch: 51
     summary: Recently has attracted attention the development of yeast based fuel cells, in fact there are several advantages on the use of this microorganism such as the non-pathogenic nature and the strongness, the growth capacity and the not substrate specificity (Schaetzle et al., 2008). This new discovery gives the opportunity of develop yeast based fuel cells with the characteristic of a mediated MFCs but without his own disadvantages.
    keywords: blue; cells; doi; electrode; electron; fuel; mediator; solution; yeast
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        item: #4728 of 7527
          id: cet-3147
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 48dallavecchia.docx
        date: 2016-03-29
       words: 3731
      flesch: 47
     summary: Only for C. vulgaris, the increment of WWW concentration in the Bold Basal Medium, from 20 to 60%, led to an increased content of oleic acid, from 7 % of the control run to 23 % for the run enriched with 60% of WWW. Table 3: Percentages of individual fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) over the total FAMEs (g/100 gFAME) in A. platensis and C. vulgaris at different WWW concentrations in the growth media FAME (g/100gFAME) A. platensis C. vulgaris Control WWW 20% WWW 40% WWW 60% Control WWW 20% WWW 40% WWW 60% 14:0 1.1 - - - 0.4 0.3 0.4 0.4 16:0 65.6 58.6 63.7 60.5 39.4 39.8 40.0 47.3 16:1 4.8 - - - 5.8 9.2 12.4 1.2 Unknown 1 - - - - 7.6 6.2 1.6 2.9 Unknown 2 - - - - 4.0 3.4 2.1 4.6 18:0 4.9 1.4 8.3 8.6 1.5 5.3 3.4 2.5 18:1 6.8 0.9 5.8 8.6 7.3 8.2 14.0 23.3 18:2 2.2 1.5 5.7 7.8 10.8 5.4 6.9 5.5 18:3 ω3 3.0 5.2 3.2 3.0 11.9 6.7 9.3 12.3 18:3 ω6 0.7 - 0.6 - 11.2 15.4 10.0 - Unknown 3 10.9 32.4 12.8 11.6 - - - - Total FAME (mgFAME/100gDB) 22.3 12.3 13.6 16.4 21.4 19.7 12.7 14.1
    keywords: biomass; concentration; control; growth; media; medium; platensis; total; vulgaris; wastewater; www
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        item: #4729 of 7527
          id: cet-3148
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 48dallavecchia.docx
        date: 2016-03-29
       words: 3863
      flesch: 36
     summary: Following this methodology one can evaluate the sustainability of microalgae biodiesel based on the computed indicators. Microalgae lipid productivity is a key factor for increasing the sustainability of microalgae biodiesel but also, it is critical to have more energy efficient water removal and lipids separation.
    keywords: biodiesel; biomass; energy; lipid; mata; microalgae; production; salinity; stress; sustainability
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        item: #4730 of 7527
          id: cet-3149
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 48dallavecchia.docx
        date: 2016-03-29
       words: 3130
      flesch: 44
     summary: Ethanol is a renewable fuel, is clean burning fuel produced from agricultural products, such as agro-industrial waste (cashew peduncle bagasse) Thus, the aim of this study was to optimize the acid treatment of cashew peduncle bagasse to obtain the highest sugar concentration in the liquor for biotechnological production of ethanol and xylitol.
    keywords: acid; bagasse; cashew; peduncle; production; treatment; xylitol
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        item: #4731 of 7527
          id: cet-315
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 211.docx
        date: 2017-10-04
       words: 4485
      flesch: 41
     summary: Knoema, 2016, Fertilisers Manufactured, Import Value, ResourceSTAT, Fertilizers Trade Values: 1961-2014, <knoema.com/FAORSFTV2015/resourcestat-fertilizers-trade-values-1961-2014>, accessed 20.02.2017. Kong S.H., Loh S.K., Bachmann R.T., Rahim S.A., Salimon J., 2014, Biochar from oil palm biomass: A review of its potential and challenges. National policies to develop palm based fertiliser Realising the massive need of fertiliser, local source of fertiliser is sought as one solution to increase the product supply security and reduce national import.
    keywords: agriculture; biomass; development; fertiliser; malaysia; mill; oil; palm; palm biomass; palm oil; pome; production; soil; value; waste
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        item: #4732 of 7527
          id: cet-3150
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 48dallavecchia.docx
        date: 2016-03-29
       words: 3399
      flesch: 36
     summary: After 24 h at 4°C, samples were centrifuged at 5000 g for 30 min, washed twice with cold methanol and dried at 37°C for 24 to 48 h. The yield in isolated biosurfactant was expressed in g/L. Known amounts of crude precipitate were resuspended in distilled water and used for measurement of the critical micelle concentration (CMC). Biosurfactants are natural surfactants produced or bacteria, yeasts or fungi from different substrates.
    keywords: biosurfactant; candida; cell; oil; production; surface; tension; water
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        item: #4733 of 7527
          id: cet-3151
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 183stoller.docx
        date: 2016-03-31
       words: 3299
      flesch: 52
     summary: A publication of The Italian Association of Chemical Engineering Online at www.aidic.it/cet Guest Editors: Enrico Bardone, Marco Bravi, Tajalli Keshavarz Copyright © 2016, AIDIC Servizi S.r.l., ISBN 978-88-95608-40-2; ISSN 2283-9216 Description of the Biofouling Phenomena Affecting Membranes by the Boundary Flux Concept Marco Stoller*, Daniele Baiocco, Agnese Cicci, Marco Bravi Department of Chemical Materials Environmental Engineering, Sapienza University , Via Eudossiana 18, 00184, Rome, Italy marco.stoller@uniroma1.it Membrane fouling, showing up with a significant reduction of process productivity and membrane lifetime, is one of the main issues in membrane technologies and has been successfully described by the boundary flux concept. Many studies have dealt with membrane fouling and have led to the introduction of such fundamental concepts as the critical flux (Field, 1995), i.e. the upper bound of transmembrane pressure below which membrane permeability does not suffer from a time-related decay, and the threshould flux, i.e. the upper bound of transmembrane pressure for which membrane permeability decay exhibits a time-transmembrane pressure decoupling.
    keywords: biofouling; biomass; cells; flux; layer; membrane
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        item: #4734 of 7527
          id: cet-3152
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 48dallavecchia.docx
        date: 2016-03-29
       words: 3302
      flesch: 47
     summary: 596 Figure 2: A) Reaction rate versus acetonitrile concentration at pH 5.0 and 7.0. B) Lineweaver Burk plot. 1.3 Effect of acetonitrile concentration in long term experiments As the concentration of acetonitrile in real waste stream is relatively high, the explored acetonitrile concentrations in long term experiments have been 0.3 and 2 M. Figure 5 reports CSMR runs, performed at 15 °C, 250 rpm, in Na-phosphate buffer (50 mM and pH 7.0.).
    keywords: acetonitrile; concentration; csmr; reaction; rpm; substrate; time
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        item: #4735 of 7527
          id: cet-3153
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 48dallavecchia.docx
        date: 2016-03-29
       words: 4052
      flesch: 51
     summary: This study presents the design of the “trumpet mouth” ventricular cannula (TMVC) connected to a pediatric VAD, optimized to reduce the conditions that generate blood damage. The selection of the geometric parameters that minimized MIH, MILpl and ΔP were obtained after the application of a Multi-Objective Genetic Algorithm (MOGA) and the generation of Pareto fronts to obtain the points that met the established conditions of reduction of blood damage.
    keywords: blood; cannula; damage; design; mih; milpl; optimization; shear; tip; ventricle
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        item: #4736 of 7527
          id: cet-3154
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 48dallavecchia.docx
        date: 2016-03-29
       words: 2980
      flesch: 52
     summary: Results not only provide new insights into the foaming methods for producing kefiran scaffolds, but also supply indications on how to optimize the fabrication parameters to design scaffolds with different morphology and mechanical proprieties, which might address new applications of bioabsorbable scaffolds in tissue regeneration. In an attempt to study microstructural changes in the scaffold and films, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to depict the surface and section topography of all prepared films and kefiran scaffolds. a) b)
    keywords: engineering; films; grains; growth; kefiran; milk; scaffolds; temperature
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        item: #4737 of 7527
          id: cet-3155
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 48dallavecchia.docx
        date: 2016-03-29
       words: 3720
      flesch: 48
     summary: Additionally the strain has shown a yield SA on glucose of 94%, SA titres close to the saturation point (> 95 g.L−1) (Guettler et al., 1996) and volumetric production rates, during DOI: 10.3303/CET1649103 Please cite this article as: Brink H., Nicol W., 2016, Succinic acid production by actinobacillus succinogenes in chemostat and biofilm cultures, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 49, 613-618 DOI: 10.3303/CET1649103 613 continuous biofilm operation, in excess of 10 g.L−1.h−1 (Brink and Nicol, 2014a; Maharaj et al., 2014). Biofilm 0.36 m/s Eq(2) Eq(1) 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 0 20 40 60 80Ce llu la r pr od uc tiv ity - r S A * (g .g -1 .h -1 ) Succinic acid titre - CSA (g.L-1) Batch 1 Batch 2 Batch 3 Batch 4 0.09 m/s fit (Brink & Nicol, 2014a) 617 Brink H.G., Nicol W., 2014a, Succinic acid production with Actinobacillus succinogenes: rate and yield analysis of chemostat and biofilm cultures, Microb.
    keywords: 2014a; acid; biofilm; brink; conditions; nicol; production; shear
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        item: #4738 of 7527
          id: cet-3156
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 48dallavecchia.docx
        date: 2016-03-29
       words: 4108
      flesch: 51
     summary: The comparison of E. coli concentration between the inlet and outlet water did not accounted for a significant increase (p > 0.05), however, it was observed that higher E. coli concentration accounted for the water leaving the reactors (39 % increase for total E. coli and 59 % increase for able to divide E. coli), indicating on potential accumulation or growth processes into the reactor. Subsequent increase in the nutrient availability (AOC ~ 500 µg/L), increased E. coli concentration in the biofilm for more than 30 times.
    keywords: biofilm; coli; concentration; drinking; e. coli; reactors; samples; total; water
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        item: #4739 of 7527
          id: cet-3157
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 48dallavecchia.docx
        date: 2016-03-29
       words: 3384
      flesch: 56
     summary: 4. Conclusions Based on our results we are able to conclude that the use of cassava starch coating on extruded snacks to substitute oil not only leads to healthier snack products, due to the reduced lipid content, but also to products with enhanced shelf life properties relating to texture and lipid oxidation. The objective of the research reported in this paper was to substitute the oil-based coating used in the production of snacks with a cassava starch biofilm in order to reduce the lipid content in the final product as DOI: 10.3303/CET1649105 Please cite this article as: Monteiro A., Marques D., Marchi L., Chinellato M., Berwig K., Wolf B., 2016, Eliminating the use of fat in the production of extruded snacks by applying starch coating, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 49, 625-630 DOI: 10.3303/CET1649105 625 well as to promote increased shelf life considering that the starch coating will hamper moisture migration to the product.
    keywords: analysis; coating; days; index; salt; samples; snacks; starch; treatments
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        item: #4740 of 7527
          id: cet-3158
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 8bove.docx
        date: 2016-06-07
       words: 3386
      flesch: 41
     summary: The thermogravimetric profiles showed four different decomposition stages for inert conditions that correspond to the main degradation processes (drying and cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin decomposition), whereas five different decomposition stages were found under oxidant conditions(the extra peak assigned to the combustion of char). The characteristic peak temperatures of all decomposition processes increased when increasing the heating rate and when inert conditions were applied.
    keywords: conditions; decomposition; energy; inert; kinetic; oxidative; reaction; residues
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        item: #4741 of 7527
          id: cet-3159
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 8bove.docx
        date: 2016-06-07
       words: 3480
      flesch: 52
     summary: 2. Methodology Spruce woodchips are considered as the feedstock for wood pellet and biocarbon pellet production. Results and discussion 3.1 Efficiency analysis Energy efficiency of biocarbon pellet production without or with district heat coproduction Energy efficiency was assessed for the production of biocarbon pellets without and with district heat coproduction Figure 2 (a).
    keywords: biocarbon; carbonization; cost; efficiency; energy; heat; pellet; production; stove; wood
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        item: #4742 of 7527
          id: cet-316
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 211.docx
        date: 2017-10-04
       words: 3353
      flesch: 52
     summary: In order to keep pace with this expanding demand, the implementation of biomass supply chain, which converts biomass into valuable products (e.g., bio-fuels), is one of the prospective solutions (Lam et al., 2015). PCA is a multivariate statistical technique DOI: 10.3303/CET1761263 Please cite this article as: How B.S., Lam H.L., 2017, Novel evaluation approach for biomass supply chain: an extended application of pca, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 61, 1591-1596 DOI:10.3303/CET1761263 1591 that able to convert a series of correlated variables into a set of uncorrelated variables known as principal components (PCs), without losing too much information (Aitchison, 1983).
    keywords: biomass; chain; environmental; pca; pcs; set; supply
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        item: #4743 of 7527
          id: cet-3160
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 8bove.docx
        date: 2016-06-07
       words: 3391
      flesch: 51
     summary: Figure 1: Correlation between HHV with reaction peak temperatures (a) and HHV with biochars mass yields (b). Hydrothermal carbonization of olive trimming at 250 °C, 30 minutes of residence time, produces hydrochar with a MY = 57.6 %, EDR = 1.37, HHV = 27,223 kJ/kg and ash content of approximately 3 %, on the other hand 300 °C of reaction peak temperature is necessary during LTP to obtain a char with a MY = 51.0 %, EDR = 1.37, HHV = 27,206 KJ/kg and ash content of about 5 %.
    keywords: carbonization; energy; htc; ltp; temperature
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        item: #4744 of 7527
          id: cet-3161
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 8bove.docx
        date: 2016-06-07
       words: 2908
      flesch: 50
     summary: The next step of the study is to investigate the anaerobic digestion of lignocellulosic biomass with reactor under continuous mode and other batch conditions that could increase the lignocellulosic degradability. This study aims to investigate the anaerobic digestion of lignocellulosic biomass (wheatgrass) in batch condition under mesophilic (40°C) and thermophilic (50°C) conditions, two inoculum concentrations and different microbial sources: anaerobic digester sludge and soil.
    keywords: concentration; inoculum; vss
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        item: #4745 of 7527
          id: cet-3162
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 8bove.docx
        date: 2016-06-07
       words: 2719
      flesch: 51
     summary: Figure 2: Chemical compositions of different parts of deposit collected from line #1. Figure 3: Chemical compositions of different parts of deposit collected from line #2. 27 Figure 4: Mineralogical composition of different parts of deposit sample collected from line #1. Figure 5: Mineralogical composition of different parts of deposit sample collected from line #2. 3.3 SEM-EDX analysis Compared to the deposit sample collected from line #1, XRF analysis results reveal clear differences of chemical compositions in the sample from line #2 along the thickness of it. The molten phases 29 incorporate silicates and oxides contained in particles entrained from the combustion process, leading to formation and sintering of ash deposits.
    keywords: chemical; deposit; figure; inner; layer; line; sample
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        item: #4746 of 7527
          id: cet-3163
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - Dr. JA Kozinski_CET paper-figures revised.docx
        date: 2016-06-16
       words: 3491
      flesch: 54
     summary: Hence, SCW at high temperatures of 550°C acted as a medium with the complete solubility of organic compounds resulting in higher gas yields. High gasification temperatures favour water-gas shift reaction resulting in greater yields of H2 and CO2 (Kruse, 2008).
    keywords: al2o3; gasification; mmol; pinewood; wt%
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        item: #4747 of 7527
          id: cet-3164
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 8bove.docx
        date: 2016-06-07
       words: 3264
      flesch: 57
     summary: DOI: 10.3303/CET1650007 Please cite this article as: Billaud J., Valin S., Ratel G., Peyrot M., Weiland F., Hedman H., Salvador S., 2016, Biomass gasification in entrained flow reactor: influence of wood particle size, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 50, 37-42 DOI: 10.3303/CET1650007 37 Figure 1: Particle size distribution of SP and LP beech powders Table 1: Proximate and ultimate analyses of the SP and LP batches (b: calculated by difference) Moreover, the influence of biomass particle size on its pyrolysis or gasification in a DTR has only been scarcely studied, and most of the time under 1000 °C (Chen et al., 2013; Septien et al., 2012; Wei et al., 2006; Zanzi et al., 2002).
    keywords: conversion; dtr; gas; particles; reactor; temperature
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        item: #4748 of 7527
          id: cet-3165
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 8bove.docx
        date: 2016-06-07
       words: 3286
      flesch: 45
     summary: A preliminary economical assessment of methanol production showed potential for revenue production: accumulated net income was 61 mi € in five years. Methanol production was 50 kt per year; the yearly amount of biomass required, approximately 160 kt, is in agreement with current reports of local availability.
    keywords: biomass; biorefinery; gas; gasification; mantova; methanol; operations; process; processes; production; products
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        item: #4749 of 7527
          id: cet-3166
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 8bove.docx
        date: 2016-06-24
       words: 2722
      flesch: 53
     summary: The model turns to be in reasonable agreement with the expected trends and paves the way to be very useful in the modelling of thermochemical processes that involve solid particles. Plot refers to the temporal trends at the centre of biomass particle 4.
    keywords: particle; pyrolysis
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        item: #4750 of 7527
          id: cet-3167
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 8bove.docx
        date: 2016-06-07
       words: 3527
      flesch: 54
     summary: (a) (b) Figure 1: Conversion of coke and biocarbon samples in the furnace setup 57 (a) (b) (c) (d) Figure 2: SEM images of (a) coke, (b) industry biocarbon, (c) birch wood biocarbon, (d) birch forest residue biocarbon 3.2 Comparison of CO2 reactivity test in two setups The CO2 gasification reactivity tests for biocarbon produced from Norwegian wood species were also carried out using a TGA. 2.3 Characterization of biocarbon samples The morphology of the samples was examined by a scanning electron microscopy (SEM, Hitachi S-3400N).
    keywords: biocarbon; co2; coke; figure; furnace; reactivity; samples; setup; tga
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        item: #4751 of 7527
          id: cet-3168
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 8bove.docx
        date: 2016-06-07
       words: 3119
      flesch: 50
     summary: Results show that external convection and internal conduction characteristic times are much lower than the chemical reaction of torrefaction characteristic time. Figure 1: Dimensionless numbers ratio for bed-scale (a, left) and particle-scale (b, right) characteristic time analysis for TGA For bed-scale analysis (Figure 1a), torrefaction time is significantly higher than heat transfer in the defined temperature range (Da, Tr > 100).
    keywords: analysis; bed; chemical; particle; properties; regime; scale; time; torrefaction
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        item: #4752 of 7527
          id: cet-3169
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 8bove.docx
        date: 2016-06-07
       words: 3634
      flesch: 47
     summary: The formation of alcohols was proposed to occur via reaction of hydroxyl radicals from cellulose pyrolysis with polypropylene radicals. Figure 1 depicts the evolution of FT-IR spectra of the vapour phase when equal composition mixture of cellulose and polypropylene was fast pyrolyzed at 500 oC. It is evident that the maximum production of linear chain hydrocarbons, CO2, primary alcohols and carbonyl compounds occurs in 10-12 s. Importantly, the formation of long chain alcohols (C8-C20), which are not observed in cellulose pyrolysis, are observed as a result of interaction.
    keywords: cellulose; formation; kcal; mol; polypropylene; pyrolysis; radicals
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        item: #4753 of 7527
          id: cet-317
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 211.docx
        date: 2017-10-04
       words: 3824
      flesch: 50
     summary: The concepts considered included onsite power generation by means of simple GT cycles with or without power integration of the offshore area (respectively, Concept 0a and 0b), full electrification of the area (Concept 1) and a hybrid solution where power can be either generated onsite or taken from the onshore grid (Concept 2). Power prices (3b) given by the power system model.
    keywords: area; co2; concept; electrification; emissions; energy; gas; power; process
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        item: #4754 of 7527
          id: cet-3170
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 8bove.docx
        date: 2016-06-07
       words: 3853
      flesch: 41
     summary: Primary alcohols formed an aldehyde (methanol formed methanal, ethanol formed ethanol, propanol formed propanal), and secondary alcohols formed a ketone without any change to the alkyl chains (e.g., propan-2-ol formed dimethylketone, butan-2-ol formed methyl ethyl ketone). Alcohol pyrolysis provides a window into this chemistry.
    keywords: alcohol; ch2; dehydration; dehydrogenation; gas; pericyclic; products; pyrolysis; reactions; reactor; triol
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        item: #4755 of 7527
          id: cet-3171
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 8bove.docx
        date: 2016-06-07
       words: 3638
      flesch: 40
     summary: Comparing devolatilization times with transversal mixing time of typical industrial-scale fluidized bed combustors, wet fuel particles larger than 10mm can be fed directly to the combustor chamber, whereas pre-dried fuel was extremely reactive with the risk of localized emissions of heat and micro- and macro-pollutants once fed to the fluidized bed reactors. 3.2 Primary fragmentation and devolatilization Primary fragmentation experiments show that wet fuel particles do not undergo fragmentation during devolatilization, as matter of fact the multiplication factor (Nout/Nin, number of particles collected by basket divided the number of particles fed to the reactor) remains equal to 1 whereas a particle shrinkage of about 78% was observed.
    keywords: bed; char; combustion; concentration; devolatilization; fragmentation; fuel; lignin; particle; time
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        item: #4756 of 7527
          id: cet-3172
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 8bove.docx
        date: 2016-06-07
       words: 3079
      flesch: 54
     summary: For this reason, plant owners are anticipating even stricter regulations in the future and are DOI: 10.3303/CET1650015 Please cite this article as: Khalil R., Malik A., Ku X., Skreiberg O., Fossum M., Becidan M., Lovas T., 2016, Detailed operational mapping of a grate fired biomass combustion plant for improved combustion process control, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 50, 85-90 DOI: 10.3303/CET1650015 85 therefore interested in fine tuning their plants to reduce their emissions in a cost-efficient manner. Houshfar, E., Skreiberg, Ø., Todorović, D., Skreiberg, A., Løvås, T., Jovović, A. & Sørum, L., 2012, NOx emission reduction by staged combustion in grate combustion of biomass fuels and fuel mixtures, Fuel, 98, 29-40.
    keywords: biomass; boiler; combustion; figure; fuel; gas; grate; nox; plant
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        item: #4757 of 7527
          id: cet-3173
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 8bove.docx
        date: 2016-06-07
       words: 4230
      flesch: 46
     summary: Li Y., Naghdi F.G., Garg S., Adarme-Vega T.C., Thurecht K.J., Ghafor W.A., Tannock S., Schenk, P.M., 2014, A comparative study: the impact of different lipid extraction methods on current microalgal lipid research, Microbial Cell Factories 13:14. Schlechtriem C.H., Focken U., Becker K., 2003, Effect of different lipid extraction methods on δ13 C of lipid and lipid-free fraction of fish and different fish feeds.
    keywords: anaerobic; biomass; digestion; extraction; lipid; methane; method; microalgae; potential; production; residue
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        item: #4758 of 7527
          id: cet-3174
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 8bove.docx
        date: 2016-06-07
       words: 2670
      flesch: 57
     summary: Our recent paper (Bach et al., 2014) has revealed a method to produce high bio-oil yields, up to 79% on wet basis, from kelps, a variety of brown macro-algae. Effect of heating rate and catalyst addition on the composition of water soluble products 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 Glucose Arabinose Succinic acid Lactic acid Acetic acid Co nc en tr at io n (m g/ l) 5 min 10 min 15 min 20 min 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 Glucose Arabinose Succinic acid Lactic acid Acetic acid Co nc en tr at io n (m g/ l) High HR, no catalyst Low HR, no catalyst Low HR, with catalyst 99 3.2 Chemical composition of bio-oil GC-MS spectra for bio-oil samples (produced at high and low heating rates, with and without catalyst addition) are demonstrated in Figure 3.
    keywords: acid; bio; catalyst; heating; htl; min; oil; products
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        item: #4759 of 7527
          id: cet-3175
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 8bove.docx
        date: 2016-06-07
       words: 3349
      flesch: 57
     summary: In this work, effects of torrefaction temperature and carrier gas composition on mass and energy yields of the torrefaction process, and fuel properties of biochar were investigated in comparison with biomass torrefaction in N2. Since the flue gas from oxy-fuel combustion mainly consists of CO2, water and O2, the process of biomass torrefaction and fuel properties of biochar may be different from biomass torrefaction in an inert environment such as N2 (Bridgeman, Jones et al. 2008, Eseltine, Thanapal et al. 2013, Sarvaramini and Larachi 2014).
    keywords: biomass; co2; combustion; energy; fuel; gas; pyrolysis; torrefaction
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        item: #4760 of 7527
          id: cet-3176
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 8bove.docx
        date: 2016-06-07
       words: 2993
      flesch: 43
     summary: Nevertheless, the economic and environmental sustainability is largely DOI: 10.3303/CET1650019 Please cite this article as: Chiaramonti D., Buffi M., Palmisano P., Redaelli S., 2016, Lignin-based advanced biofuels: a novel route towards aviation fuels, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 50, 109-114 DOI: 10.3303/CET1650019 109 dependent on the feestock origin and characteristics. Figure 6: Comparison of jet fuel cuts from lignin (black line) and Jet-A1 (red line) chromatograms.
    keywords: aviation; biofuel; ethanol; feedstock; fuels; lignin; lignocellulosic; oil; process; stream
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        item: #4761 of 7527
          id: cet-3177
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 8bove.docx
        date: 2016-06-07
       words: 2608
      flesch: 53
     summary: Spahis N., Addoun A., Mahmoudi H., Ghaffour N., 2008, Purification of water by activated carbon prepared from olive stones, Desalination, 222, 519–527. Yalcin, N., Sevinc V., 2000, Studies of the surface area and porosity of activated carbons prepared from rice husks. The optimization of the parameters for the production of activated carbon from chicken manure was performed by chemical activation with two dehydrating agents: KOH and H3PO4 1:1, 2:1 and 3:1, carbonization temperatures of (350, 400 and 450) °C and residence times of (15, 30 and 45) min.
    keywords: agent; carbon; chemical; h3po4; koh; temperature
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        item: #4762 of 7527
          id: cet-3178
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 8bove.docx
        date: 2016-06-07
       words: 3752
      flesch: 42
     summary: As follows from Figure 3-a, the field-enhanced reverse axial mass transfer and upstream air swirl motion results in an increase in swirl number with the correlating decrease in axial flow velocity (Figure 3-b) at the primary stage of swirling flow formation (z/D ≈ 0.7). Experimental study of the electric field effect on the development of flow velocity fields, flow structure and composition was carried out to ascertain the DC electric field effect on the combustion dynamics at thermo- chemical conversion of biomass, which can be related to the field-induced ionic wind effect.
    keywords: combustion; electric; field; flame; flow; swirl; ∂ ∂
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        item: #4763 of 7527
          id: cet-3179
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 8bove.docx
        date: 2016-06-07
       words: 3483
      flesch: 47
     summary: The results of numerical simulation and experimental study confirm that the fast exothermic reaction of hydrogen combustion helps as a heat source initiating and supporting the combustion of CO. Further development of flame reaction zone is determined by the progress of the slow reaction, which at thermo- chemical conversion of biomass pellets, can be related to the combustion of CO. Acknowledgments The authors would like to acknowledge the financial support of the Latvian grant N 623/2014. 0 1000 2000 3000 0 0.5 1 r/R M a s s f ra c ti o n , p p m CO;L/D=2.67 H2 a 300 600 900 1200 0 0.5 1 r/R T e m p e ra tu re , K L/D=2.67 b Figure 4: Radial profiles of the mass fraction of volatiles (a) and of flame temperature (b) at the primary stage of thermo-chemical conversion of volatiles.
    keywords: biomass; combustion; flame; flow; temperature; ∂ ∂
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        item: #4764 of 7527
          id: cet-318
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 211.docx
        date: 2017-10-04
       words: 2531
      flesch: 53
     summary: The operating cost consists of annual steam cost and annual cooling water cost while the capital cost contains column vessel cost, plate cost, and heat exchangers cost. Different decanter temperatures (TD) were studied to minimize the TAC so that the temperature was set as the outer iterative loop parameter.
    keywords: column; cost; decanter; process; temperature
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        item: #4765 of 7527
          id: cet-3180
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 8bove.docx
        date: 2016-06-07
       words: 2467
      flesch: 45
     summary: If this assumption is true, the heterogeneous cracking of torrefied biomass pyrolysis products will not lead increase the volume of the resulting synthesis gas. Comparison of the volume of gas produced by the pyrolysis of untreated and torrefied wood and two types of cracking of the volatile products of pyrolysis is shown in Figure 5. 136 Figure 4: Speed of the gas yield by homogeneous (1) and heterogeneous (2) reactions Figure 5: Volume of the gas obtained by homogeneous and heterogeneous cracking of untreated and torrefied wood pyrolysis products.
    keywords: cracking; gas; products; pyrolysis; synthesis
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        item: #4766 of 7527
          id: cet-3181
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 8bove.docx
        date: 2016-06-07
       words: 2883
      flesch: 51
     summary: It is noteworthy that the first cycle of the PSA process amounts to adsorption simulation that was conducted in this work. The PSA process is widely used in gas separation processes where a gaseous mixture under pressure percolates through a porous bed filled with high specific surface adsorbent in order to retain a given component of the mixture, while the others continue through the bed (JACQUES, LYONS e KELSALL, 2003).
    keywords: adsorption; ethanol; water; ∂ ∂; − ∂
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        item: #4767 of 7527
          id: cet-3182
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 8bove.docx
        date: 2016-06-07
       words: 3029
      flesch: 36
     summary: DOI: 10.1007/978- 3-319-26045-7 Dutta, A., Phillips, S. D., 2009, Thermochemical ethanol via direct gasification and mixed alcohol synthesis of lignocellulosic biomass. The present work proposes to assess the thermochemical ethanol route via synthesis gas from gasification of resultant residual cellulignin of the hydrolysis of four 1G2G ethanol biochemical plants (1G2G biochemical- DOI: 10.3303/CET1650025 Please cite this article as: Rezende M., Silva R., Klein B., Junqueira T., Chagas M., Cavalett O., Maciel Filho R., Bonomi A., 2016, Technical, economic and environmental assessment of ethanol production using a biochemical-thermochemical hybrid route, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 50, 145-150 DOI: 10.3303/CET1650025 145 thermochemical ethanol hybrid plant).
    keywords: 1g2; biochemical; cellulignin; ethanol; hybrid; plant; production; scenario
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        item: #4768 of 7527
          id: cet-3183
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 8bove.docx
        date: 2016-06-07
       words: 2091
      flesch: 48
     summary: Results and Discussion The experimental data on the volume of the gas mixtures (per 1 kg of initial raw material) formed during conventional and two-stage pyrolysis of chicken litter and sewage sludge are shown in Figure 2. 152 Figure 2: Volume of noncondensing pyrolysis gases per 1 kg of raw material. The carbon dioxide and nitrogen are present abundantly, what complicates the use of pyrolysis gas.
    keywords: gas; pyrolysis; sewage; sludge; stage
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        item: #4769 of 7527
          id: cet-3184
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 8bove.docx
        date: 2016-06-07
       words: 2924
      flesch: 55
     summary: XRD analyses of ash deposits collected from different locations showed that they contain mixtures of salts, silicates and oxides formed during combustion of the MSW. The result of the XRD analysis on ash deposit #2 agrees well with XRF analysis, where alkali metals and sulphur are the main elements detected.
    keywords: ash; combustion; deposit; elements; figure; sample; slag
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        item: #4770 of 7527
          id: cet-3185
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 8bove.docx
        date: 2016-06-07
       words: 3640
      flesch: 50
     summary: 1. Introduction Ethanol production from lignocellulosic biomass named as Second Generation (E2G) includes pretreatment, enzymatic hydrolysis of cellulignin, ethanol fermentation of hexose and pentose, and ethanol recovery. The cells were re-suspended with sterilized potable water and kept refrigerated at 5 °C until to use for ethanol fermentations.
    keywords: cell; dap; ethanol; fermentation; kg/; liquor; molasses; sugarcane
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        item: #4771 of 7527
          id: cet-3186
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 8bove.docx
        date: 2016-06-07
       words: 3519
      flesch: 55
     summary: Recently, a few authors have studied the dynamic behavior of ethanol fermentation through modeling and simulation. Process modeling The process modeling starts with the construction of a temperature-dependent kinetic model using batch fermentation cultures.
    keywords: concentration; control; ethanol; fermentation; model; process; production; simulation; sugarcane
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        item: #4772 of 7527
          id: cet-3187
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 8bove.docx
        date: 2016-06-07
       words: 2938
      flesch: 53
     summary: On the other hand, it is believed that the thermal decomposition of each pseudo-component can be described better by a model of multiple reactions with different activation energies – distributed activation energy model (DAEM). The simulated five pseudo-components model for C. sp. JSC4 and C. sorokiniana CY1 is graphically demonstrated in Figure 1 and Figure 2 whereas the extracted kinetic parameters from the modelling and simulation are presented in table 1 and table 2, respectively.
    keywords: activation; energy; kinetic; microalgae; model
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        item: #4773 of 7527
          id: cet-3188
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 8bove.docx
        date: 2016-06-07
       words: 2758
      flesch: 58
     summary: Note that char yields in center and bottom positions (not shown here) are similar or slightly higher than those obtained in char only runs (chars in center and bottom crucibles and no biomass in top crucible). Pyrolysis of Lemon pulp in a horizontal quartz retort showed similar char yields (35-35% w db) but significantly different liquid and gas yields, respectively 38-39 % versus the present 8-10% liquid yield and 25-28% versus the present 54-55% gas yield.
    keywords: biomass; char; crucible; pyrolysis; tar; volpe
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        item: #4774 of 7527
          id: cet-3189
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 8bove.docx
        date: 2016-06-24
       words: 3399
      flesch: 46
     summary: The implemented GSA strategy is variance-based (Sobol’, 1993) and allows the determination and DOI: 10.3303/CET1650032 Please cite this article as: Ochoa M.P., Estrada V., Hoch P., 2016, Wastewater stabilisation ponds system: global sensitivity analysis on network design, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 50, 187-192 DOI: 10.3303/CET1650032 187 classification of model parameters, according to their sensitivity indices. Temporal profiles of first order effect sensitivity indices, total sensitivity indices and those due to interactions with other model parameters have been calculated for parameters in a wastewater stabilisation pond system model.
    keywords: indices; model; parameters; pond; sensitivity; time; variance
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        item: #4775 of 7527
          id: cet-319
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 211.docx
        date: 2017-10-04
       words: 3953
      flesch: 67
     summary: Process control can be achieved through entries that can be manipulated, such as: control of utilities flowrates; use of bypass fractions; implementation of streams splitters fractions; control of the flowrates of input process streams; use of additional areas in heat exchangers and control of recycle flowrate. Bristol (1966) introduced RGA with the objective of measuring the interaction between process variables.
    keywords: control; heat; hen; process; stream; variables;  ;  
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        item: #4776 of 7527
          id: cet-3190
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 8bove.docx
        date: 2016-06-07
       words: 3803
      flesch: 50
     summary: In this study, two configurations of Rankine Cycle cogeneration systems were assessed: (i) boiler operating only on sugarcane bagasse, and (ii) boiler operating on a mixture of sugarcane bagasse and straw. The following items present the three configurations of cogeneration systems proposed and the methodology used to perform the exergetic cost analysis.
    keywords: bagasse; cogeneration; cost; electricity; energy; steam; straw; sugarcane
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        item: #4777 of 7527
          id: cet-3191
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 8bove.docx
        date: 2016-06-07
       words: 2825
      flesch: 52
     summary: From this curve, we can determine: the scaling time (tE) of raw water of Negrine which is 13.5min and the residual current (IR) of raw water of Negrine which is 0.044mA. Figure 2: Chronoamperometric curve of Negrine raw water at 30°C. The increase of temperature of Negrine water increases the inhibitor concentration because in the high temperature the Negrine water become more hardness.
    keywords: electrode; hedp; negrine; scaling; temperature; time; water
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        item: #4778 of 7527
          id: cet-3192
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 8bove.docx
        date: 2016-06-07
       words: 3899
      flesch: 41
     summary: However, some disadvantages of thermophilic operation, such as lower stability than mesophilic conditions, have also been reported (Fernandez and Forster, 1993). Tanikkul P., Pisutpaisal N., 2014, Biohydrogen Production under Thermophilic condition from Ozonated Palm Oil Mill Effluent.
    keywords: anaerobic; community; conditions; ecp; effluent; granular; granules; reactor; sludge; thermophilic
       cache: cet-3192.pdf
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        item: #4779 of 7527
          id: cet-3193
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 8bove.docx
        date: 2016-06-07
       words: 3715
      flesch: 40
     summary: [Glycerol] (g L-1) PGU GU EtOH 214 Table 2: Kinetic parameters of crude glycerol fermentation [Glycerol] g L -1 Glycerol Ethanol Cell Rate g L -1 h -1 Utilization 1 g L -1 Utilization 1 % Concentration 1 mM Rate mol L -1 h -1 Yield 1 mol mol -1 Specific growth rate h -1 5 0.020 3.6 ±0.2 71.9±0.0 43.1±2.3 0.0018 1.00±0.08 0.003 10 0.015 7.3 ±0.1 73.2±0.0 87.9±2.2 0.0037 The ethanol production increased as the increase of glycerol concentrations from 10 to 20 g L-1, abruptly dropped at 40 g L-1 glycerol, and gradually decreased beyond this glycerol concentration.
    keywords: concentration; crude; ethanol; fermentation; glycerol; growth; l-1; production; rate; utilization
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        item: #4780 of 7527
          id: cet-3194
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 8bove.docx
        date: 2016-06-07
       words: 2911
      flesch: 47
     summary: However, to avoid unintended consequences of a new technology or mitigation strategy, it is necessary to conduct analyses of potential life- cycle impacts of biochar pyrolysis systems, as it would be undesirable to have the system actually emit more GHG than sequestered or consume more energy than it is generated. Figure 3: Milled char to be pelletized (left) pelletized biochar (right) 218 2.3 Pelletizing tests Pelletizing tests have been performed at the Laboratories of the Biomass Research Centre, University of Perugia using biochar produced from local biomasses.
    keywords: biochar; biomass; carbon; energy; footprint; miscanthus; process; pyrolysis; soil
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        item: #4781 of 7527
          id: cet-3195
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 8bove.docx
        date: 2016-06-07
       words: 2807
      flesch: 43
     summary: On the basis of the experimental data at different acid concentrations, it may be concluded that the product composition at the end of the reaction are a strong function of the acidity of the reaction medium: in strong acidic medium, the formation of levulinic acid was favoured. 225 Figure 2: Yield profile of levulinic acid during reaction at different temperatures (1 M acid concentration) Figure 3: Yield profile of levulinic acid during reaction at different acid concentration at 150 °C Table 1: LA yields from a variety of lignocellulosic biomass sources Feedstocks Temperature (°C)
    keywords: acid; biomass; levulinic; orange; reaction; yield
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        item: #4782 of 7527
          id: cet-3196
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 8bove.docx
        date: 2016-06-07
       words: 3277
      flesch: 48
     summary: In this investigation, a validated fuel characterization tool to define the agglomeration - slagging propensity of biomass fuels for their use in thermal processes, is applied to an advanced database of mediterranean (Greece, Italy, Spain) opportunity fuels. In this work, a fuel characterization approach to define the agglomeration - slagging propensity of biomass fuels in thermal processes has been applied to a database of available Mediterranean solid biomass.
    keywords: agglomeration; ash; biomass; combustion; fuels; high; propensity; residues; slagging
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        item: #4783 of 7527
          id: cet-3197
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 8bove.docx
        date: 2016-06-07
       words: 3236
      flesch: 45
     summary: Demirbas, A., 1997, “Calculation of higher heating values of biomass fuels”, Fuels, Vol. 76, pp. Figure 3: FTIR spectrum of raw biomass and hydrochar samples.
    keywords: biomass; carbonization; htc; hydrochar; samples; temperature
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        item: #4784 of 7527
          id: cet-3198
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 8bove.docx
        date: 2016-06-07
       words: 3361
      flesch: 47
     summary: Reference Asadullah M., 2014, Biomass gasification gas cleaning for downstream applications: A comparative critical review, Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 40, 118–132 Biagini E., Barontini F., Tognotti L., 2014, Gasification of agricultural residues in a demonstrative plant, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 37, 151-156, DOI: 10.3303/CET1437026 Frigo S., Gabbrielli R., Puccini M., Seggiani M., Vitolo S., 2014, Small-scale wood-fuelled chp plants: a comparative evaluation of the available technologies, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 37, 847-852 DOI: 10.3303/CET1437142 Kumar Ajay, Milford A. Hanna, Jones D. David, 2009, Thermochemical Biomass Gasification: DOI: 10.3303/CET1650041 Please cite this article as: Gabbrielli R., Seggiani M., Frigo S., Puccini M., Vitolo S., Raggio G., Puccioni F., 2016, Validation of a small scale woody biomass downdraft gasification plant coupled with gas engine, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 50, 241-246 DOI: 10.3303/CET1650041 241 However, the current state of this technology is still not completely mature for the market and this is reflected in various types and designs of gasification plants.
    keywords: air; biomass; efficiency; energy; engine; gas; gasification; gasifier; plant; syngas
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        item: #4785 of 7527
          id: cet-3199
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 8bove.docx
        date: 2016-06-07
       words: 2474
      flesch: 49
     summary: Biomass gasification opportunities in a district heating system. Chemical kinetics of biomass pyrolysis.
    keywords: biomass; gasds; gasification; package; particle; reactor
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        item: #4786 of 7527
          id: cet-320
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 211.docx
        date: 2017-10-04
       words: 2886
      flesch: 41
     summary: The overall research strategy for this paper is: (i) Construction of biomass network; (ii) Formation of biomass network sustainability index (BNSI); (iii) Construction P-graph model; and (iv) Debottlenecking using P-graph framework. The main contributions are: (i) this work presents the first attempt to pioneer this powerful graph- theoretic method as the potential debottlenecking tools and (ii) a novel framework for the formulation of integrated biomass network sustainability index (BNSI) is presented.
    keywords: biomass; biomass network; debottlenecking; development; energy; graph; index; network; sustainability
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        item: #4787 of 7527
          id: cet-3200
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 8bove.docx
        date: 2016-06-07
       words: 3273
      flesch: 45
     summary: Based on these premises, and minding the significant differences between the two types of gas to be treated, the SiC wall flow filters were identified as good candidates for experimentation, with the DOI: 10.3303/CET1650043 Please cite this article as: Palma V., Meloni E., Caldera M., Lipari D., Pignatelli V., Gerardi V., 2016, Catalytic wall flow filters for soot abatement from biomass boilers, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 50, 253-258 DOI: 10.3303/CET1650043 253 goal to investigate the behavior of the filters during regeneration, which is a critical phase in order to guarantee adequate performance and operative life of such filters. 4. Conclusions Tests have confirmed the high PM abatement efficiency of catalytic wall flow filters, up to 90%, assessed in previous studies (Stoppiello et al., 2014).
    keywords: figure; filters; flow; flue; gas; regeneration
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        item: #4788 of 7527
          id: cet-3201
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 8bove.docx
        date: 2016-06-07
       words: 3509
      flesch: 60
     summary: Design of hierarchical zeolite catalysts by desilication. This is the reason of the lower size of Ni particle in Ni/CP814E with respect to other samples.
    keywords: acidity; catalysts; cp811e-75; cp814e; et al; oil; zeolite
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        item: #4789 of 7527
          id: cet-3202
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 8bove.docx
        date: 2016-06-07
       words: 2542
      flesch: 56
     summary: According to Rosstat, in 2014 the production of fuel wood pellets in Russia amounted to 888,000 tons that makes only 3 % of world production. These data suggest that for Russia the cost of transportation and storage are key cost components for the production of fuel pellets.
    keywords: biomass; coal; fuel; heating; pellets; power; torrefaction; wood
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        item: #4790 of 7527
          id: cet-3203
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 8bove.docx
        date: 2016-06-07
       words: 3842
      flesch: 54
     summary: Fluidized bed combustion was studied as a possible method to valorize such a biomass material, upon mixing and homogenizing with rapeseed oil for producing a fuel slurry. DOI: 10.3303/CET1650046 Please cite this article as: Miccio F., Solimene R., Urciuolo M., Brachi P., Miccio M., 2016, Fluidized bed combustion of a lignin-based slurry, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 50, 271-276 DOI: 10.3303/CET1650046 271
    keywords: bed; combustion; content; fuel; lignin; oil; sludge; slurry; tests
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        item: #4791 of 7527
          id: cet-3204
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 8bove.docx
        date: 2016-06-07
       words: 3255
      flesch: 43
     summary: This results confirm previous studies from Coelho et al (2015), which stated that Clostridium carboxidivorans cell surface is 13.7% hydrophobic, with 30.1% electron-donor character (EDC) and none electron-acceptor character. Reference Amaral, P.F.F., Lehocky, M., Barros-Timmons, A.M.V., Rocha-Leão, M.H.M., Coelho, M.A.Z., Coutinho, J.A.P, 2006, Cell surface characterization of Yarrowia lipolytica IMUFRJ 50682, Yeast, 23, 867-877, DOI: 10.1002/yea.1405.
    keywords: angle; carboxidivorans; clostridium; interaction; surface; van; water
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        item: #4792 of 7527
          id: cet-3205
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 8bove.docx
        date: 2016-06-07
       words: 3773
      flesch: 47
     summary: On average, Jatropha Curcas seeds are 18 mm long, 12 mm wide and 10 mm thick, their mass ranges between 0.5 to 0.8 grams per grain. -33 to -15 Cloud point (°C) 2 -15 to -5 Flash Point (°C) 210-240 60-80 Cetane Index 38-51 40-55 Heat Value (MJ/Kg) 37.83-42.05 42 2. Methodology and tools The mobile plant described in this work for the utilization of Jatropha Curcas seed is a plant whose dimensions allow it to be moved between strategic points in rural areas, as a trailer.
    keywords: biodiesel; curcas; jatropha; jatropha curcas; mobile; oil; plant; production; seeds
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        item: #4793 of 7527
          id: cet-3206
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 8bove.docx
        date: 2016-06-07
       words: 2542
      flesch: 44
     summary: A number of value-added products can be produced from glycerol fermentation as hydrogen, ethanol, succinate and 1,3-propanediol (1,3-PDO). Crude glycerol may be used in different processes, including bioconversion to 1,3-propanediol (1,3-PDO).
    keywords: 1,3; batch; butyricum; fed; g.l-1; glycerol; pdo; production
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        item: #4794 of 7527
          id: cet-3207
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 8bove.docx
        date: 2016-06-07
       words: 2904
      flesch: 63
     summary: Should be noticed that size effect of Au particles were observed during ethanol and isopropanol conversion. The catalyst containing 0.2 wt.% Au and 0.18 wt.% Ni supported on γ-Al2O3 was found to be the most selective in the cross-coupling route.
    keywords: al2o3; catalyst; ch3; ethanol; gold; isopropanol; particles; selectivity
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        item: #4795 of 7527
          id: cet-3208
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 8bove.docx
        date: 2016-06-07
       words: 4045
      flesch: 55
     summary: Consequently no further modification of diesel engine is needed as there is no significant difference compared to the viscosity of diesel fuel, i.e. 3.65 mm2/s. The obtained heating value for WCOME was 39.99 MJ/kg and this value was lower than diesel fuel, which was recorded to be 45.39 MJ/kg. Resources, Conservation and Recycling, 54, 303-309, DOI: 10.1016/j.resconrec.2009.03.009. Lapuerta M., Armos O., Rodriguez-Fernandez J., 2008, Effect of biodiesel fuels on diesel engine emissions.
    keywords: biodiesel; blends; combustion; diesel; diesel fuel; emissions; engine; fuel; speed
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        item: #4796 of 7527
          id: cet-3209
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 8bove.docx
        date: 2016-06-07
       words: 3498
      flesch: 49
     summary: When molasses and liqueurs from the hydrolyzed bagasse were mixed, it was possible to realize a decrease in the productivity as well as in the yield of lactic acid production process. Lb. plantarum was shown to have a capacity for lactic acid production from cellulosic and hemicellulosic hydrolysates without detoxification.
    keywords: acid; fermentation; liquor; molasses; production; productivity; sugars; xylose
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        item: #4797 of 7527
          id: cet-321
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 211.docx
        date: 2017-10-04
       words: 2638
      flesch: 50
     summary: Oxygen carrier characteristics The studies of oxygen carriers have shown that Mn2O3 begins to decompose at 700 °C (Mei et al., 2013).
    keywords: air; carrier; combustion; igcc; oxygen; power; pressure
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        item: #4798 of 7527
          id: cet-3210
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 8bove.docx
        date: 2016-06-07
       words: 3596
      flesch: 42
     summary: Figure 1 (a) present the validation for liquid phase (x) and Figure 1 (b) for vapor phase (y). LLV and LL equilibrium conditions were observed at 373.15 K and 423.15 K for pressures between 15 and 50 bar, lower pressures resulted in organic compounds, only in vapor phase, and for higher temperatures the formation of liquid organic phase was not observed in any pressure.
    keywords: chemical; fts; liquid; model; octane; phase; vapor
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        item: #4799 of 7527
          id: cet-3211
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 8bove.docx
        date: 2016-06-07
       words: 3264
      flesch: 44
     summary: ; the large scale production requires processes which have an economic competitiveness and a low environmental impact (Piemonte et al., 2014,2015). the cavitation phenomena can be harnessed as a process intensification in several fields: waste water treatment (Musmarra et al., 2016; Capocelli et al., 2014a), microorganism inactivation (Capocelli et al., 2014b), emulsification processes (Pandit and GaikWad, 2007) as well as biodiesel production (Abdullah et al., 2012).
    keywords: biodiesel; bubble; cavitation; chemical; engineering; et al; pressure; volume
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        item: #4800 of 7527
          id: cet-3212
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 8bove.docx
        date: 2016-06-07
       words: 3271
      flesch: 46
     summary: From the PEBG-project start-up, the plant has been operated over 600 h with different biomass fuels such as e.g. stem wood powder from spruce and pine (e.g. Weiland et al, 2013 and Weiland et al., 2015), bark and bark/peat mixtures, pyrolysis oil from pine and straw (Leijenhorst et al, 2015), lignin residues from wheat straw (Öhrman et al., 2013) as well as forest residues pretreated by torrefaction (Weiland et al., 2014). Since the O2 feeding rate was constant, the local stoichiometric variations at the probe sampling position may be the result of fuel mass flow variations in combination with poor mixing inside the gasifier.
    keywords: flow; fuel; gasification; gasifier; process; syngas; temperature
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        item: #4801 of 7527
          id: cet-3213
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 8bove.docx
        date: 2016-06-07
       words: 3330
      flesch: 36
     summary: Eq(1) and Eq(2) are Barros & Wolf correlations for conventional distillation columns and extractive distillation columns, respectively, and are calculated with the thermal conductivity (k, W/(m*K)), density (ρ, kg/m3), diffusivity (D, m2/s), molar mass (MW), heat capacity (Cp, J/(kmol*K)), and absolute viscosity (μ, Pa*s) of each individual stage, i, within the column, meaning that these efficiency correlations are individual per plate and not global. Specifications for an instance of this process can be found in Table 1 (where stage 1 is the top of the column, condenser and reboiler are considered stages, and “Bottoms product of extractive column” are values obtained from the bottoms product stream of the extractive column), where desired values specified by the user in the simulators were 309.6 kmol/h in the extractive column (the total amount of ethanol fed, desired as the distillate product) and 240 kmol/h in the conventional column (the total amount of ethylene glycol fed into the extractive column), and the reflux ratio of both columns.
    keywords: aspen; column; distillation; emso; results; stage
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        item: #4802 of 7527
          id: cet-3214
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 8bove.docx
        date: 2016-06-07
       words: 3272
      flesch: 61
     summary: The determination of soluble Klason lignin was calculated by equation 4. ( ) 100 3 53,4 280215 ⋅ ⋅ ⋅⋅−⋅ = S df S m FVAA L (4) Where: The filtrate produced by the method insoluble Klason lignin was analyzed by spectroscopy.
    keywords: cellulose; chemical; klason; lignin; particle; size; wood
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        item: #4803 of 7527
          id: cet-3215
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 8bove.docx
        date: 2016-06-07
       words: 3444
      flesch: 45
     summary: The quantitative part of water efficiency is increased of 30%; thanks to energy production with a higher efficiency than 1st generation case (the additional requirement of water per additional unit of energy is limited). The nexus index was recalculated updating all the three elements with the effects generated by the new process configuration (increased energy production, increased resources consumption).
    keywords: case; efficiency; energy; food; land; nexus; production; water
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        item: #4804 of 7527
          id: cet-3216
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 8bove.docx
        date: 2016-06-07
       words: 2885
      flesch: 50
     summary: Plantain and corn of Chocó are the major contributors of crop energy potential given as shown in Figure 2. Gonzalez-Salazar, M A., Morini, M., Pinelli, M., Spina, P., Venturini, M., Finkenrath, M., Poganietz, W., 2014, Methodology for estimating biomass energy potential and its application to Colombia.
    keywords: biomass; colombia; crop; energy; leaves; potential; residue
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        item: #4805 of 7527
          id: cet-3217
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 8bove.docx
        date: 2016-06-07
       words: 4125
      flesch: 47
     summary: In this study, first the use of a different solvent, i.e. pressurized ethyl acetate, as extracting solvent on the β-ecdysone recovery was experimentally evaluated, being the influence of the process parameters extraction temperature (353–413 K) and static extraction time (and 5–15 min) further analyzed. It was observed that the relationship of the β-ecdysone recovery, extraction temperature and static extraction time was linear (Figure 1).
    keywords: biomass; ecdysone; ethanol; extraction; pressurized; process; santos; solvent
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        item: #4806 of 7527
          id: cet-3218
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 8bove.docx
        date: 2016-06-07
       words: 3898
      flesch: 57
     summary: Lapuerta M., Armas O., Rodriguez-Fernandez J., 2008, Effect of biodiesel fuels on diesel engine emissions. On the other hand, the oxygen content was higher than FD in both GF and POME biodiesel fuels – oxygen in POME biodiesel was about 2.5 times higher than FD.
    keywords: biodiesel; blends; combustion; content; engine; fuel; pome; properties
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        item: #4807 of 7527
          id: cet-3219
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 8bove.docx
        date: 2016-06-07
       words: 2635
      flesch: 53
     summary: 368 2.4 Preparation and testing of composite samples Two samples of cellulosic fibres – hemp hurds and waste paper fibres in various portions (2.0 and 5.0 %) were selected for preparation of cement mortar composites. Waste paper fibres have on their surfaces impurities that come from re- pulped waste paper (ink, different resources of waste paper and filler in paper making).
    keywords: cement; composites; fibres; hemp; hurds; materials; paper; waste
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        item: #4808 of 7527
          id: cet-322
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 211.docx
        date: 2017-10-04
       words: 3051
      flesch: 52
     summary: Introduction Comparing to other energy sources, geothermal energy is a clean, renewable, constant and available worldwide. For Morocco, the use of geothermal energy, among other renewable resources, is primordial in order to break the current dependence on fossil fuel and electricity imports (Barkaoui, 2013).
    keywords: energy; geothermal; heat; morocco; north; power; reservoir; temperature
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        item: #4809 of 7527
          id: cet-3220
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 8bove.docx
        date: 2016-06-07
       words: 2372
      flesch: 47
     summary: Several studies of chemical modification effect on hemp hurds and hemp hurds composites were published (Pejic et. Figure 1: Used hemp hurds.
    keywords: building; cement; composites; hemp; hurds; materials
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        item: #4810 of 7527
          id: cet-3221
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 8bove.docx
        date: 2016-06-07
       words: 3049
      flesch: 52
     summary: As shown in Table 1, crystallinity index corrected to yield basis is 41.64% to acid treated material and 17.01% after delignification. The peaks absorptivity values in acid treated material showed higher values than the untreated and delignified ones.
    keywords: açaí; biomass; cellulose; crystallinity; h2so4; material; seeds; treatment
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        item: #4811 of 7527
          id: cet-3222
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 8bove.docx
        date: 2016-06-07
       words: 4388
      flesch: 47
     summary: It is possible see the same trend in the treatment T7 (oat with the synthetic nutrient solution dilution 1/10 v.v within the module level 4) but the LAi of these two treatments resulted to be smaller than for the treatment T1 (oat with organic nutrient solution dilution 1/20 v.v. within the module level 2) and the treatment T2 (oat with organic nutrient solution dilution 1/40 v.v within the module Level 2) which obtained similar LAi among all treatments. The RGR and NAR (see Figure 2) show that the treatment that received a higher dry matter content was the T12 (Ryegrass with synthetic nutrient solution dilution 1/40 v.v. within the Level 4 module) followed by the T10.
    keywords: biomass; growth; level; matter; module; oat; ryegrass; solution; solution dilution; treatment; v.v
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        item: #4812 of 7527
          id: cet-3223
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 8bove.docx
        date: 2016-06-07
       words: 2962
      flesch: 56
     summary: In this context, lignocellulosic biomass is a promising source of important products such as cellulose nanowhiskers (Habibi et al., 2010; Portela et al., 2015) which have application as reinforcing agent in polymer matrices, and lignin, which can be used as a plasticizer. Figure 8: a) Birefringence of rod-like cellulose nanowhiskers; b) TEM micrographs of cellulose nanowhiskers.
    keywords: cellulose; fiber; figure; lignin; nanowhiskers; peel
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        item: #4813 of 7527
          id: cet-3224
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 8bove.docx
        date: 2016-06-07
       words: 3667
      flesch: 53
     summary: Since the EHRL has high content of lignin and cellulose, it could be used to produce lignin-phenol- formaldehyde matrix composites reinforced with cellulose microfibers. The element with higher content in the EHRL is carbon, following by oxygen.
    keywords: bagasse; cellulose; content; ehrl; fibers; lignin; process; size; sugarcane
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        item: #4814 of 7527
          id: cet-3225
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 8bove.docx
        date: 2016-06-07
       words: 2807
      flesch: 52
     summary: The fibers of a kind of palm (Elaeis guineensis) and of bromelia (Bromeliaceae) are highlighted in this work as a source for obtaining cellulose nanowhiskers. DOI: 10.3303/CET1650068 Please cite this article as: Goncalves A.P., Cruz A., Sales J., Souza M., Silva F., Guimaraes D., Mattedi S., Jose N., 2016, Achivement and characterization of cellulose nanowhiskers of palm (elaeis guineensis) and bromelia fibers (neoglaziovia variegate), Chemical Engineering Transactions, 50, 403-408 DOI: 10.3303/CET1650068 403
    keywords: bromelia; cellulose; fibers; hydrolysis; nanowhiskers; palm
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        item: #4815 of 7527
          id: cet-3226
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 8bove.docx
        date: 2016-06-07
       words: 2279
      flesch: 41
     summary: Achieving high lipid productivity of a thermotolerant microalga Desmodesmus sp. F2 by optimizing environmental factors and nutrient conditions, Bioresource Technology, 156, 108-116. Desmodesmus sp. lipid content under mixotrophic cultivation was higher.
    keywords: cultivation; desmodesmus; growth; lipid; microalgae; vulgaris
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        item: #4816 of 7527
          id: cet-3227
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 8bove.docx
        date: 2016-06-07
       words: 2770
      flesch: 53
     summary: For this reason, this work studied the morpho-anatomical, developmental and physiochemical changes in Zea mays L. plants when exposed to magnetic and electromagnetic fields with a view to the large-scale production of biomass for the generation of biofuels. High contents of chlorophylls and carotenoids were obtained in plants exposed to the EMF.
    keywords: analysis; area; biomass; control; emf; growth; plants; production; seeds
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        item: #4817 of 7527
          id: cet-3228
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 8bove.docx
        date: 2016-06-07
       words: 2983
      flesch: 44
     summary: Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) applied to ethanol production plants may transform this process into a net carbon absorber, since CO2 emissions in the biorefinery largely exceed the amount of GHG emissions of ethanol production life cycle. An alternative to reduce GHG emissions associated with ethanol production process would be to use mechanisms to capture, transport and inject CO2 into underground geological formations with the purpose of permanent storage of this gas.
    keywords: algae; biodiesel; ccs; co₂; ethanol; process; production; scenarios; sugarcane
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        item: #4818 of 7527
          id: cet-3229
      author: sauro
       title: Microsoft Word - 54catania.docx
        date: 2015-04-24
       words: 2524
      flesch: 56
     summary: In addition to this, there is the current trend of monitoring the damage suffered by a fruit during its processing with particular reference to post harvest treatments (Aiello et al., 2012a) to improve the product quality (Catania et al., 2013a) and control the production process (Catania et al., 2013b) and as well as the ambient parameters (Carrara et al., 2008). On the basis of the above, several systems are available today on the market to permit the capturing of information about the accelerations of the device which represents a given fruit.
    keywords: device; fruit; mechanical; sphere; system
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        item: #4819 of 7527
          id: cet-323
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 211.docx
        date: 2017-10-04
       words: 3492
      flesch: 54
     summary: 𝑂𝑃𝐶 is the operating cost for CCWN (i.e. electricity, makeup water) and ARS waste heat cost (i.e. WFG treatment cost, WHW and WHS purchase cost). The main aim in this work is to extend previous work by integrating CCWN in centralized VCRS and ARS utilizing various types of waste heat that exist in a total site.
    keywords: ars; case; cooling; cost; heat; vcrs; waste; water
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        item: #4820 of 7527
          id: cet-3230
      author: sauro
       title: Microsoft Word - 54catania.docx
        date: 2015-04-24
       words: 4176
      flesch: 48
     summary: Considering the classification results for ripening at harvest, model T harvest classified acceptably (i.e. in the range Mi–2 – Mi+1) more than 70 % of fruit of ORS class, more than 87 % of fruit of RFT and T classes, and all the fruit of TH class, whereas model H+24h at harvest classified acceptably the totality of fruit of RFT, T and TH classes, but only about 64 % of ORS fruit. The models T 4C and H+24h applied to predict softening after storage at 4 °C showed the worst performance in classifying nectarines: model T 4C correctly predicted the totality of ORS fruit, 20 % of TH fruit showed Fmeas values corresponding to Fpred for T class and fruit of the other classes were misclassified in proportions ranging from about 33 % of RS class to about 50 % of RF class.
    keywords: firmness; fruit; harvest; model; storage
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        item: #4821 of 7527
          id: cet-3231
      author: sauro
       title: Microsoft Word - 54catania.docx
        date: 2015-04-24
       words: 3917
      flesch: 45
     summary: These characterizations are finalized to show if microwave irradiation affects some features which contribute to define the overall quality after microwave treatments of beans and weak wheat. Seeds showed the following trends: microwave treatment reduced the moisture content (p < 0.05 for both beans and wheat) but not the size of seeds (p > 0.05 for both beans and wheat); cooking treatment allowed similar water uptake and size enlargement for both treated and untreated beans (p > 0.05), instead treated weak wheat absorbed more water and had a lower size increase during cooking with respect to untreated wheat (p < 0.05).
    keywords: beans; heating; microwave; peel; penetration; properties; seeds; swelling; water; wheat
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        item: #4822 of 7527
          id: cet-3232
      author: sauro
       title: Microsoft Word - 54catania.docx
        date: 2015-04-24
       words: 3491
      flesch: 47
     summary: (Coleoptera: Nitidulidae), artificially inserted in date fruits, without significant alteration of aspect and moisture content of the DOI: 10.3303/CET1544004 Please cite this article as: Garbati Pegna F., Sacchetti P., Canuti V., Trapani S., Bergesio C., Belcari A., Zanoni B., Meggiolaro F., 2015, Radio frequency treatment for postharvest disinfestation of dates, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 44, 19-24 DOI: 10.3303/CET1544004 19 fruits, while other authors (Johnson et al, 2003) determined that temperature above 50 °C is lethal for larvae of Plodia interpunctella (Hübner) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae). Total control (n.) Siwi infested by C.h 15 10 4 60 40 Siwi infested by P.i. 15 10 4 60 40 Siwi non-infested 70 15 4 280 60 total 100 35 4 400 140 Deglet Nour 80 50 4 320 200 20 Figure 1: Sample of Siwi dates with probes before treatment (tags indicate different types of infestation) 2.3 RF treatment evaluation After treatment the samples of Siwi infested dates and Deglet Nour have been controlled, for determining insect presence and mortality, in the laboratory of DISPAA, entomology section, and compared with the untreated samples.
    keywords: control; dates; deglet; fruits; nour; siwi; table; treatment
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        item: #4823 of 7527
          id: cet-3233
      author: sauro
       title: Microsoft Word - 54catania.docx
        date: 2015-04-24
       words: 4045
      flesch: 59
     summary: Similar data were observed with the S1 treatment when raspberry fruits were stored for 6 days at 1±1°C followed by 3 days 20±1°C. The sweetness and acidity components affect the flavour and the taste of raspberry fruits, but this ratio (SSC/TA) remained nearly unchanged in all treatments (0.5) and during the storage period (0.6) (data not shown).
    keywords: days; fruits; ns ns; quality; storage
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        item: #4824 of 7527
          id: cet-3234
      author: sauro
       title: Microsoft Word - 54catania.docx
        date: 2015-04-24
       words: 4187
      flesch: 52
     summary: However, to the best of our knowledge, no paper deals with the effects of post-harvest PL treatment on tomato and apple fruit. Nevertheless, in agreement with our findings, also other studies reported a positive effect of UV-C irradiation on the synthesis of lycopene (Bravo et al., 2012) and total phenolics (Jagadeesh et al., 2009) in tomato fruits.
    keywords: antioxidant; content; light; storage; tomatoes; total
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        item: #4825 of 7527
          id: cet-3235
      author: sauro
       title: Microsoft Word - 54catania.docx
        date: 2015-04-24
       words: 2298
      flesch: 55
     summary: 40 Figure 6: Left: PCA shape model. Statistical shape models for 3D medical image segmentation: a review.
    keywords: figure; model; points; radiograph; shape; silhouette
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        item: #4826 of 7527
          id: cet-3236
      author: sauro
       title: Microsoft Word - 54catania.docx
        date: 2015-04-24
       words: 3274
      flesch: 47
     summary: The 1st generation of TRS system employed bulky and complex laser light sources like noble gas lasers (e.g. Ar, Kr), either as standalone sources or used for the synchronous pumping of dye laser (e.g. Rhodamine). Current research at Politecnico di Milano is focussed on the development of the next generation of TRS systems.
    keywords: absorption; figure; light; scattering; spectroscopy; system; time; trs
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        item: #4827 of 7527
          id: cet-3237
      author: sauro
       title: Microsoft Word - 54catania.docx
        date: 2015-04-24
       words: 3059
      flesch: 54
     summary: Compactness is the cumulative Figure 5 Left: top view of parameterized apple shape model with iso-parametric curves. The goal of surface registration is to minimize the geometric distance between the reference and target apple surface, while maintaining the correspondences.
    keywords: apple; model; registration; shape; surface
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        item: #4828 of 7527
          id: cet-3238
      author: sauro
       title: Microsoft Word - 54catania.docx
        date: 2015-04-24
       words: 3882
      flesch: 43
     summary: 4. Conclusions The results assessed the feasibility of HPCD+HPU combined treatment for the inactivation of the natural microbial flora and S. enterica spiked on fresh cut coconut highlighting the synergistic effect of the two techniques operated in parallel. Color parameters (L*, a*, and b*) and ΔE values for HPCD+HPU treated samples during 4 weeks of refrigerated shelf-life are reported in Table 1.
    keywords: coconut; cut; enterica; hpcd+hpu; inactivation; min; shelf; treatment
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        item: #4829 of 7527
          id: cet-3239
      author: sauro
       title: Microsoft Word - 54catania.docx
        date: 2015-04-24
       words: 3302
      flesch: 52
     summary: DOI: 10.3303/CET1544011 Please cite this article as: Giovenzana V., Beghi R., Civelli R., Marai S., Guidetti R., 2015, Postharvest characterization of olive oil fruits texture by nir and vis/nir spectroscopy, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 44, 61-66 DOI: 10.3303/CET1544011 61 Texture measuring instruments range from simple hand-held devices to the Instron machine and texture analyzer which provide time-series data of product deformation thereby allowing a wide range of texture attributes to be calculated from force–time or force–displacement data (Chen and Opara, 2013). (2012) studied the application of a portable NIR for on- field prediction of phenolic compounds during the ripening of olives; Mailer (2004) calibrated chemical factors, including free fatty acids (FA), induction time, polyphenol content, and FA profiles, for NIR analysis and Morales-Sillero et al. (2011) studied the feasibility of NIR spectroscopy for non-destructive characterization of table olives.
    keywords: firmness; fruit; nir; oil; olive; spectra; spectroscopy; texture; vis
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        item: #4830 of 7527
          id: cet-324
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 211.docx
        date: 2017-10-04
       words: 3334
      flesch: 53
     summary: Underwater pipelines built in the Russian Federation (RF) and Kazakhstan sectors of the North Caspian Sea lay on the ground without embedment. Such an important factor arising in the process of exploitation, as well as ice exposure to underwater pipelines, has not been studied enough, therefore in this work a model of interaction of pipelines with icebergs was developed, taking into account different types of soils of the Caspian Sea and various forms of the keel of the iceberg.
    keywords: caspian; depth; ground; ice; keel; pipeline; russian; sea; soil
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        item: #4831 of 7527
          id: cet-3240
      author: sauro
       title: Microsoft Word - 54catania.docx
        date: 2015-04-24
       words: 4020
      flesch: 47
     summary: Performance measures of PLS regression models were calculated for single-sensor and multi-sensor systems. Table 2: Performance measures of PLS regression models for TSS using data from the VIS-NIR, SWIR spectral ranges and fused NDT data.
    keywords: data; fruit; fusion; models; ndt; parameters; pepper; pls; quality; regression; sensor
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        item: #4832 of 7527
          id: cet-3241
      author: sauro
       title: Microsoft Word - 54catania.docx
        date: 2015-04-24
       words: 3915
      flesch: 52
     summary: In literature few studies exist on the composition of EVOO fatty acids concerning the following variables: duration of malaxation process and olives ripening stage (Jimenez et al., 2014). the authors developed an innovative monitoring system aimed at continuously measuring oxygen concentration during the malaxation process of an important Italian cultivar, Nocellara del Belice (Catania et al., 2014).
    keywords: acids; evoo; fatty; machine; malaxation; oil; olive; oxygen
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        item: #4833 of 7527
          id: cet-3242
      author: sauro
       title: Microsoft Word - 54catania.docx
        date: 2015-04-24
       words: 3308
      flesch: 51
     summary: The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of UHT sterilization parameters (temperature and retention time) and the added sulphite in the quality of coconut water after process and storage for 45 days. 2.2 Analysis of coconut water The pH was measured at 25 °C, according to AOAC (1995);
    keywords: coconut; processing; results; so2; storage; sulphite; temperature; water
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        item: #4834 of 7527
          id: cet-3243
      author: sauro
       title: Microsoft Word - 54catania.docx
        date: 2015-04-24
       words: 3336
      flesch: 56
     summary: This study aimed to achieve, by the optical microscopy techniques, the anatomical structure characterization of seeds of common-bean variety black, and cowpea-bean, as well as evaluation of starch granules present in grains in the forms raw, and cooked in a pressure cooker. Studies suggest some procedures DOI: 10.3303/CET1544015 Please cite this article as: Miranda J.A., Carvalho L.M.J., Vieira A.C.M., Costa R., Guimaraes A.L., 2015, Anatomical characterization and evaluation of starch granules in grains of black common bean and cowpea in raw and cooked, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 44, 85-90 DOI: 10.3303/CET1544015 85 to eliminate toxicity and enhance digestibility, which include extrusion, steeping, germination and cooking (Sotomayor et al., 1999).
    keywords: bean; cotyledon; cowpea; granules; hand; image; raw; starch; structure
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        item: #4835 of 7527
          id: cet-3244
      author: sauro
       title: Microsoft Word - 54catania.docx
        date: 2015-04-24
       words: 2760
      flesch: 50
     summary: Conclusions Sorting tomato fruits in a compact unit did not significantly affected fruit quality when compared to fruits subjected in a conventional static unit. This study aimed to evaluate injury incidence and postharvest quality changes of tomato fruits subjected to cleaning without water and classification in a mobile sorting unit that applies a three way compact brush system – two brushes in down position and one up, comparing them to those of a traditional, static unit.
    keywords: fruits; injuries; injury; sorting; tomato; treatment; unit
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        item: #4836 of 7527
          id: cet-3245
      author: sauro
       title: Microsoft Word - 54catania.docx
        date: 2015-04-24
       words: 3379
      flesch: 51
     summary: Sober S.S., Zapp H.R., Brown G. K., 1990, Simulated packing line impacts for apple bruise prediction. For the laboratory trial it was possible to detect different impact magnitudes among distinctive highs and surfaces.
    keywords: apple; impact; lines; orange; packing; sphere; wis
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        item: #4837 of 7527
          id: cet-3246
      author: sauro
       title: Microsoft Word - 54catania.docx
        date: 2015-04-24
       words: 3743
      flesch: 50
     summary: The volatile compounds analysis of passion fruit seed oil was performed by gas chromatography using Solid-Phase Microextraction technique (SPME) in Dynamic Headspace (HS) mode. Nevertheless, commercial crops in the Brazil are based in only one specie, the yellow or sour DOI: 10.3303/CET1544018 Please cite this article as: Mattos De Paula R.C., Gomes Soares A., Pereira Freitas S., 2015, Volatile compunds in passion fruit seed oil (passiflora setacea brs pérola do cerrado and passiflora alata brs doce mel), Chemical Engineering Transactions, 44, 103-108 DOI: 10.3303/CET1544018 103 passion fruit (Passiflora edulis), that represents more than 95 % of orchards, due to the quality of its fruits, vigor, productivity and juice yield (Meletti and Brückner, 2001).
    keywords: alata; compounds; ethanol; extraction; fruit; oil; passiflora; passion; pressing; seed; setacea
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        item: #4838 of 7527
          id: cet-3247
      author: sauro
       title: Microsoft Word - 54catania.docx
        date: 2016-03-08
       words: 4158
      flesch: 56
     summary: The processing of pulp fruit helps to reduce the waste of raw fruits not traded, making them available in intercrop periods and in difficult access areas, ensuring quality of structure and maturation. The study evaluated acidulants (lemon juice and solutions of citric and ascorbic acid in 1 % (m/v) proportion), with insertion of 0.1 % (macidulant/mpulp) in the pulp, the physicochemical properties (soluble solids content (SSC), pH, acidity, total solids, total sugars and vitamin C), said identity and quality standards for fruit pulps, sensory analysis and frequency of consumption (intent consumer’s purchase) to 7 pulp flavors (pineapple, acerola, cashew, caja, graviola, mango and passion fruit).
    keywords: acerola; acid; acidulants; ascorbic; cashew; citric; fruit; graviola; juice; pineapple; pulp
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        item: #4839 of 7527
          id: cet-3248
      author: sauro
       title: Microsoft Word - 54catania.docx
        date: 2015-04-24
       words: 3243
      flesch: 55
     summary: 4. Conclusions The results obtained in this study showed that the addition of Pine nut besides 10 % and more than 50 % crystal sugar caused negative effects on most of the sensory properties of Pine nut cereal bars. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the influence of the addition of Pine nut and crystal sugar/glucose concentration on the sensory properties of Pine nut cereal bars, following a Central Composite Rotational Design (CCRD) and analyzing the results by the Response Surface Methodology (RSM).
    keywords: acceptance; bars; cereal; crystal; glucose; nut; pine; pine nut
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        item: #4840 of 7527
          id: cet-3249
      author: sauro
       title: Microsoft Word - 54catania.docx
        date: 2015-04-24
       words: 3150
      flesch: 43
     summary: 3.2Antioxidant activity The antioxidant activity of pomegranate peel extracts are presented in Table 1. Table 1: Antioxidant activity of pomegranate peel extracts.
    keywords: activity; antioxidant; drying; extract; peels; pomegranate; process
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        item: #4841 of 7527
          id: cet-325
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 211.docx
        date: 2017-10-04
       words: 3328
      flesch: 40
     summary: Lee S., Posarac D., Ellis M., 2011, Process simulation and economic analysis of biodiesel production processes using fresh and waste vegetable oil and supercritical methanol, Chemical Engineering Research and Design, 89, 2626-2642. 𝐵𝑖𝑜𝑑𝑖𝑒𝑠𝑒𝑙 𝑌𝑖𝑒𝑙𝑑 = 𝑚𝑎𝑠𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝑏𝑖𝑜𝑑𝑖𝑒𝑠𝑒𝑙 𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑑𝑢𝑐𝑒𝑑 𝑚𝑎𝑠𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝑊𝐶𝑂 𝑢𝑠𝑒𝑑 ∗ 100 (1) 1646 2.3 Experimental design RSM has been developed to conclude the optimum conditions for biodiesel production by analysing the relationship between reaction response and reaction variables, Four independent variables have been identified including: M:O molar ratio, temperature, pressure and time, which have been labelled as A,B, C and D, respectively.
    keywords: biodiesel; energy; kinetic; methanol; process; production; reaction; reactor; variables
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        item: #4842 of 7527
          id: cet-3250
      author: sauro
       title: Microsoft Word - 54catania.docx
        date: 2015-04-24
       words: 3028
      flesch: 57
     summary: Two kinds of dried samples were compared in this study: dried untreated berries (UTR) and dried abraded berries (TR- Abr). These results show the effectiveness of abrasive pretreatment in better colour preservation of dried goji berries.
    keywords: drying; goji; matteo; pretreatment; samples
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        item: #4843 of 7527
          id: cet-3251
      author: sauro
       title: Microsoft Word - 54catania.docx
        date: 2015-04-24
       words: 3992
      flesch: 41
     summary: In the last decade, in particular, HPLC tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS) have allowed to reach the best advance in mycotoxins analysis; thanks to this technique the simultaneous determination of different mycotoxins, also less known ones coupled with other metabolites, in different food matrices, and detection of low mycotoxins concentrations in biological fluids and tissues are possible. Some example of the AOAC approved methods, chromatographic and rapid ones, for the analysis of different mycotoxins are reported in Table 2 together with the analytical range and the pertaining matrices.
    keywords: animal; feed; food; health; human; limits; methods; mycotoxins; products; s.a; usa
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        item: #4844 of 7527
          id: cet-3252
      author: sauro
       title: Microsoft Word - 54catania.docx
        date: 2015-04-24
       words: 3355
      flesch: 39
     summary: 2.3 Determination of carvacrol antimicrobial activity To determine carvacrol antimicrobial activity, cell suspensions were prepared by serial dilutions and four dots of each suspension (3 μL) were put on agar surface. On top of that, LAE shows chemical stability and antimicrobial activity in a range of pH 3-7 (Asker et al., 2011).
    keywords: activity; carvacrol; food; lae; products; pseudomonas; rte; vegetables
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        item: #4845 of 7527
          id: cet-3253
      author: sauro
       title: Microsoft Word - 54catania.docx
        date: 2015-04-24
       words: 3335
      flesch: 51
     summary: For this purpose a series of tests was carried out on organic wine in two cellars located in central Italy. So the introduction of appropriate identifiers allow the acknowledgment in the product quality, in particular the use of DOI: 10.3303/CET1544025 Please cite this article as: Cecchini M., Monarca D., Colantoni A., Cossio F., Massantini R., Vinciguerra V., Bedini R., 2015, smart bio wine, a project for consumer information, business competitiveness and environmental sustainability, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 44, 145- 150 DOI: 10.3303/CET1544025 145 specific protocols for analysis, allows to identify the chemicals used for the realization of the products (e.g. the content of copper in organic wines).
    keywords: consumer; copper; dm3; food; products; second; wine
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        item: #4846 of 7527
          id: cet-3254
      author: sauro
       title: Microsoft Word - 54catania.docx
        date: 2015-04-24
       words: 2906
      flesch: 50
     summary: The average loss of water in dried samples was calculated by integrating the profiles and reported as the ratio between the integral (It) of the profile at different drying times and the integral (I0) of the profile of fresh fruit. Figure 3 shows the comparison among profiles of fresh pear and pears dried for 3, 6, 15, 20, 29 and 48 h. The amplitude of profiles measured in dried samples was found to be progressively lower than that measured on fresh pear, indicating a progressive loss of water with increasing the drying time.
    keywords: drying; figure; nmr; pear; samples; shrinkage; time; water
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        item: #4847 of 7527
          id: cet-3255
      author: sauro
       title: Microsoft Word - 54catania.docx
        date: 2015-04-24
       words: 2571
      flesch: 44
     summary: It has not been used for the detection of dried fig contamination but could be a promising tool to determine the best spectral bands that permit contaminated fruit to be identified and eliminated, especially when applied to postharvest automated processes. Spectral imaging has not been used for the detection of dried fig contamination and could be a tool to determine the best spectral bands that permit contaminated fruit to be identified and eliminated.
    keywords: aflatoxins; detection; european; figs; fluorescence; food; imaging
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        item: #4848 of 7527
          id: cet-3256
      author: sauro
       title: Microsoft Word - 54catania.docx
        date: 2015-04-24
       words: 3527
      flesch: 40
     summary: Figure 1: Scheme of standard color image acquisition system. 0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 Red section Rr Gr Br Green section Rg Gg Bg Blue section Rb Gb Bb R G B /R G B m a x [ -] Hm/Hm max [-] Figure 4: Normalized relationship between Hm and RGB values of images of standard color charts taken by the standard color acquisition system.
    keywords: camera; color; conditions; hashimoto; illuminating; images; lighting; values
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        item: #4849 of 7527
          id: cet-3257
      author: sauro
       title: Microsoft Word - 54catania.docx
        date: 2015-04-24
       words: 3807
      flesch: 51
     summary: The multispectral camera used is the commercial imaging system VideometerLab, by Videometer A/S (Denmark), that acquires multispectral images in up to 18 different wavelengths ranging from 430 to 970 nm, i.e. 430, 450, 470, 505, 565, 590, 630,645, 660, 700, 850, 870, 890, 910, 920, 940, 950, 970 nm. Luo Y., Barbosa-Cánovas G.B., 1996, Preservation of apple slices using ascorbic acid and 4-hexylresorcinol, Food Science and Technology International, 2, 315-321.
    keywords: acquisition; apple; cut; freshness; images; imaging; order; samples; slices
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        item: #4850 of 7527
          id: cet-3258
      author: sauro
       title: Microsoft Word - 54catania.docx
        date: 2015-04-24
       words: 3233
      flesch: 46
     summary: Kang S.P., Sabarez H.T., 2009, Simple colour image segmentation of bicolour food products for quality measurement, Journal of Food Engineering, 94, 21-25. Mery D., Pedreschi F., 2005, Segmentation of colour food images using a robust algorithm, Journal of Food Engineering, 66, 353–360.
    keywords: algorithm; browning; colour; fruit; image; quality; segmentation; slices; time
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        item: #4851 of 7527
          id: cet-326
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 211.docx
        date: 2017-10-04
       words: 4077
      flesch: 60
     summary: Heuristic 1: Match hot stream of high temperature with cold stream of high temperature, and vice versa (Umeda et al., 1978). Heuristic 2: Match hot stream with cold stream that has similar FCp.
    keywords: cold; diagram; heat; hen; pinch; retrofit; step; stream
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        item: #4852 of 7527
          id: cet-3260
      author: sauro
       title: Microsoft Word - 54catania.docx
        date: 2015-04-24
       words: 2453
      flesch: 54
     summary: Magnetic resonance parameters from a series of magnetic resonance images with different echo times (TEs) at different locations of the sample were acquired. Chapman and Hall, London, U.K. Milczarek R., 2009, Multivariate image analysis: An optimization tool for characterizing damage-related attributes in magnetic resonance images of processing tomatoes.
    keywords: figure; images; magnetic; mri; resonance
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        item: #4853 of 7527
          id: cet-3261
      author: sauro
       title: Microsoft Word - 54catania.docx
        date: 2015-05-26
       words: 4178
      flesch: 47
     summary: Figure 1: Industrial process of fruit pulp production. Finally, the third aspect directs to the physicochemical characteristics of pulp fruit, Identity and Quality Standards (IQS's) and the parameters such as content of total soluble solids (°Brix), pH, acidity, total solids, total sugars and vitamin C, with specific values for each fruit flavor, that indicates whether during cultivation occurred some negligences on the nutritional aspect of the plant or, in the latter case, adulteration during processing and packaging, as addition of preservatives, acidulants or dilution of the pulp to increase yield.
    keywords: brazil; control; food; fruit; haccp; processing; production; pulp; quality; standards; title
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        item: #4854 of 7527
          id: cet-3262
      author: sauro
       title: Microsoft Word - 54catania.docx
        date: 2015-04-24
       words: 3545
      flesch: 44
     summary: The aim of this work was to evaluate the total phenolic contents and antioxidant activity of cashew apple bagasse subjected to enzymatic hydrolysis and hydroalcoholic extraction treatments using a Box-Behnken statistical design. Response surface analysis TPC and ABTS.+ data after enzymatic hydrolysis of cashew apple bagasse, as designed by Box-Behnken, are presented in Table 3 which contains the coded factors considered in this study, observed values, predicted values as well as the residual values obtained.
    keywords: antioxidant; cashew; compounds; enzyme; extraction; hydrolysis; ratio; sample; solvent; tpc
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        item: #4855 of 7527
          id: cet-3263
      author: sauro
       title: Microsoft Word - 54catania.docx
        date: 2015-04-24
       words: 3348
      flesch: 52
     summary: Powdered samples were extracted with methanol using microwave assisted extraction (MAE, 110 °C, 60 min) and high pressure and temperature extraction (HPTE, 150 °C, 150 min). Among them, extraction using non-conventional techniques such as microwave assisted extraction (MAE) and high pressure and temperature extraction (HPTE) are considered to be efficient for recovery of phenolics with good antioxidant properties (Casazza et al., 2012a).
    keywords: apple; compounds; extraction; extracts; grape; hpte; mae; polyphenols; skins; sle
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        item: #4856 of 7527
          id: cet-3264
      author: sauro
       title: Microsoft Word - 54catania.docx
        date: 2015-04-24
       words: 3350
      flesch: 49
     summary: Physical weed control is the most common alternative adopted by organic farmers and includes mechanical means used for soil tillage (Cloutier et al., 2007) and the use of thermal radiation for weed control (Ascard et al., 2007). The results of these on-farm experiments emphasise that physical weed control can be effectively performed using the innovative machines designed and built at the University of Pisa.
    keywords: carrot; control; crop; garlic; organic; peruzzi; weed
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        item: #4857 of 7527
          id: cet-3265
      author: sauro
       title: Microsoft Word - 54catania.docx
        date: 2015-04-24
       words: 3718
      flesch: 54
     summary: The use of chelated iron ensures the necessary iron requirement because the chelating agents act as carrier of iron ion (Fe3+) which it is released at the interface with the plant roots, where the iron is adsorbed. Due to the large use of chelated iron, many production processes have been proposed but all of them drove to the production of a mixture of the three position isomers of EDDHA/Fe3+: o,o-EDDHA/Fe3+, the more stable and consequently the more incisive in the iron chlorosis treatment, which have six bonds with the iron ion, o,p- EDDHA/Fe3+, and the p,p-EDDHA/Fe3+, which establish respectively five and four bonds with the metallic ion (Gómez-Gallego et al., 2002).
    keywords: eddha; fe3; feed; iron; plants; process; solution; yield
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        item: #4858 of 7527
          id: cet-3266
      author: sauro
       title: Microsoft Word - 54catania.docx
        date: 2015-04-24
       words: 3728
      flesch: 40
     summary: In particular, through a common life cycle inventory, which includes technical and economic primary data on input and output of production systems life cycle, the ReCiPe impact categories (with a focus on water assessment) and the net cash flows associated to specific financial indices were taken into account. Margni M., Rossier D., Crettaz P., Jolliet O., 2002, Life cycle impact assessment of pesticides on human health and ecosystems, Agriculture Ecosystems & Environment, 93(1-3), 379-392. MIPAAF, 2011, DM 30.11.2011, Disciplinare di produzione dei vini a denominazione di origine controllata «Cirò», Roma.
    keywords: assessment; cycle; lca; life; life cycle; production; systems; water; wine
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        item: #4859 of 7527
          id: cet-3267
      author: sauro
       title: Microsoft Word - 54catania.docx
        date: 2015-04-24
       words: 2586
      flesch: 63
     summary: Mating disruption (MD) was tested as an alternative method controlling oriental fruit moth (OFM), Cydia molesta Busck from post-bloom till harvest. In the reference, conventionally treated orchard, 5-9 insecticide treatments were applied to control oriental fruit moth, peach twig borer (PTB), aphids and other pests.
    keywords: damage; fruit; ofm; orchard; peach; reference; trial
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        item: #4860 of 7527
          id: cet-3268
      author: sauro
       title: Microsoft Word - 54catania.docx
        date: 2015-04-24
       words: 3469
      flesch: 53
     summary: In Figure 2 are reported the SEM images of HPMC powders (a), HPMC granules obtaining with a wetting phase of pure distilled water (b), GC (c) and GD (d). As it can be seen, the morphology of GD can be collocated in between the one of HPMC granules and GC.
    keywords: density; granules; hpmc; mass; particles; release
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        item: #4861 of 7527
          id: cet-3269
      author: sauro
       title: Microsoft Word - 54catania.docx
        date: 2015-04-24
       words: 2550
      flesch: 54
     summary: It is interesting to know the processing effects on pesticide residue, thus, this work aimed to evaluate the residual concentrations of organophosphorus in Capsicum annuum after different cooking times. The study showed the importance of the assessment of pesticide residues in plant foods thermally processed.
    keywords: annuum; capsicum; food; min; pesticide; residues; samples
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        item: #4862 of 7527
          id: cet-327
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 211.docx
        date: 2017-10-04
       words: 3188
      flesch: 39
     summary: Investigation of thermodynamic properties of binary systems polymer/CO2 is a topic under an intense research (Tsivintzelis et al., 2016). After saturating PEG 1,500 with 10 MPa of CO2 pressure its viscosity decreases from 76.6 mPas to 2.24 mPas at 333 K. Further addition of CO2 and increasing pressure result in even lower viscosity.
    keywords: co2; gas; knez; peg; polymer; pressure; temperature; viscosity
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        item: #4863 of 7527
          id: cet-3270
      author: sauro
       title: Microsoft Word - 54catania.docx
        date: 2015-04-24
       words: 3362
      flesch: 64
     summary: Gajewski et al. (2008) found in the cultivar C. moschata variety “Zemcuzina”, ex Poir, total carotenoids contents of 64.5 µg.g-1 in fresh samples. 25, 103-106. Carvalho L.M.J., Gomes P.B., Godoy L.O., Pacheco S., Monte P.H.F., Carvalho J.L.V, Nutti M.R., Neves A.C.L., Vieira A.C.R.A., Ramos S.R., 2012, Total carotenoid content, α-carotene and β-carotene, of landrace pumpkins (Cucurbita moschata Duch):
    keywords: carotene; carotenoids; contents; genotypes; moschata; pumpkin; samples
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        item: #4864 of 7527
          id: cet-3271
      author: sauro
       title: Microsoft Word - 54catania.docx
        date: 2015-04-24
       words: 4050
      flesch: 45
     summary: Although there is information available on the use of fruit of the forests to produce alcoholic beverages (Vulić et al., 2012), the volatile composition of these spirit drinks was found to be dependent on the origin of the fruits (Vulić et al., 2012), the microbial starter (Sorrentino et al., 2012), the methods of fermentation and distillation used (Alonso et al., 2011) and the time and storage system (Soufleros et al., 2004). In addition, the major volatile composition of the four distillates obtained were compared with those of other spirits drinks obtained from wild agave (named Bacanora) (Álvarez et al., 2013), cornelian cherry (named Drenja) (Tešević et al., 2009), red and white grape varieties: Portuguese bagaceiras (Silva et al., 1996) and four commercial Galician orujo spirits (Diéguez et al., 2005), whey (Dragone et al., 2009), blackberry (named Mouro) (Soufleros et al., 2004) and black and red currant cultivars (Vulić et al., 2012).
    keywords: alonso; beverages; currant; distillates; et al; fruits
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        item: #4865 of 7527
          id: cet-3272
      author: sauro
       title: Microsoft Word - 54catania.docx
        date: 2015-04-24
       words: 4152
      flesch: 51
     summary: In the experimental conditions studied, it was noticed that at higher heating time (90 min), acid concentration (6%) and temperature (90 °C) it was obtained the highest yield of pectin extraction, around 78 %, with an esterification degree of 8%, that indicates a low degree of pectin methoxylation. Table 2: Conditions and experimental design responses for pectin extraction.
    keywords: acid; analysis; citric; degree; esterification; extraction; food; orange; pectin; temperature; texture
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        item: #4866 of 7527
          id: cet-3273
      author: sauro
       title: Microsoft Word - 54catania.docx
        date: 2015-04-24
       words: 3417
      flesch: 55
     summary: Global journal of Engineering , Design & Technology, 2(2),16-21 Ram, M.U., Guddadarangavvanahally, K.J., Balasubramaniam, V.M., and Bhumanagouda, S.P., 2012, Grapefruit (Citrus paradise Macfad) Phytochemicals Composition Is Modulated by Household Processing Techniques, Journal of Food Science, 77(9), 921-926 269 Shah, N.N.A.K., Rahman, R.A., Shamsudin, R., and Adzahan, N.M., 2012, Effect of enzymatic clarification treatment on phenolic compounds of Pummelo (Citrus grandis L. Osbeck) fruit juices, International Conference on Agriculture and Food Engineering for Life (Cafei 2012), 26-28 November 2012 Sunil, P., Ravinder, P., Subrata, M., 2011, Effect of juice extraction methods and processing temperature-time on juice quality of Nagpur mandarin (Citrus reticulate Blanco) during storage, Journal of Food science Technology, 48(2),197-203 Toh, J.J., Khoo, H.E. and Azrina, A., 2013, Comparison of antioxidant properties of pomelo (Citrus Grandis (L) Osbeck) varieties, International Food Research Journal 20(4), 1661-1668 Vishal, S.B., and Sanjay, K.S., 2009, Standardization of Extraction Methods and Preservation Techniques of Hill Lemon Juice, Journal of Scientific & Industrial Research 68, 608-610 Yang, B., Jiang, Y., Shi, J., Chen, F., and Ashraf, M., 2011, Extraction and pharmacological properties of bioactive compounds from longan (Dimocarpus longan Lour.) The extraction methods evaluated for pomelo juice extraction had significantly influence the yield of juice extraction.
    keywords: content; extraction; fruit; juice; method; pomelo; screw; type
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        item: #4867 of 7527
          id: cet-3274
      author: sauro
       title: Microsoft Word - 54catania.docx
        date: 2015-04-24
       words: 3382
      flesch: 53
     summary: Improvements to the machinery as well as the plantation design or adaptation, and/or a complementary effective post-harvest field treatment are necessary to achieve a satisfactory result with trunk shakers in table olive harvesting. Conclusions In conclusion, trunk shaker mechanical harvesting of table olives without complementary rod beating or the use of abscission agents required the implementation of initiatives to improve harvesting efficiency.
    keywords: efficiency; fruit; harvesting; olive; orchards; table; traditional; tree; trunk; vibration
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        item: #4868 of 7527
          id: cet-3275
      author: sauro
       title: Microsoft Word - 54catania.docx
        date: 2015-04-24
       words: 2118
      flesch: 59
     summary: The success of this system will be evaluated in commercial use in the close future and we believe this product has potential of success as fresh cut melons as such are being introduce to the consumers already(Lima R. 2014). Additionally several mechanical cutting DOI: 10.3303/CET1544047 Please cite this article as: Schmilovitch Z., Alchanatis V., Ignat T., Hoffman A., Egozi H., Ronen B., Ostrovsky V., Vinokur Y., Rodov V., 2015, Machinery for fresh cut watermelon and melon, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 44, 277-282 DOI: 10.3303/CET1544047 277 were tested, including punctures based on smooth and perforated steel tubes as shown in Figure 1, which are short cylinders suitable to cut 50 mm slice.
    keywords: cut; cutting; figure; flesh; fruit; system
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        item: #4869 of 7527
          id: cet-3276
      author: sauro
       title: Microsoft Word - 54catania.docx
        date: 2015-04-24
       words: 2849
      flesch: 47
     summary: Some authors overcome interference problem, related to the application of LOX biosensors in the analysis of food samples, using polyaniline-co-fluoroaniline films (Suman et al., 2005) or combining polysulfone multiwalled nanotubes with ferrocene (Perez and Fabregas, 2012). LOX biosensor was stored at 4 °C before use.
    keywords: acid; biosensor; fermentation; lox; mlf; screen; wine
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        item: #4870 of 7527
          id: cet-3277
      author: sauro
       title: Microsoft Word - 54catania.docx
        date: 2015-04-24
       words: 2570
      flesch: 57
     summary: This combined with the small wind magnitude at lower heights of the boundary layer results in insignificant wind effect within this zone. The contour plots on Figures 3, 4 and 5 show the amount of spray deposited on the ground and the amount detected in the air around the sprayer under different wind conditions.
    keywords: figure; spray; sprayer; trees; view; wind
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        item: #4871 of 7527
          id: cet-3278
      author: sauro
       title: Microsoft Word - 54catania.docx
        date: 2015-04-24
       words: 2878
      flesch: 50
     summary: At present, it is proposed to solve the implementation of emerging technologies associated to precision viticulture for the development and management, moreover, the current procedures which are used for the study in the definition of quality areas, suffer from own replicable protocols, which we start to testing in others vineyard to validate the result of this study under different productive conditions. 2. As well, to carry out the definition of quality of grapes, we use the index of Ferari Index evaluations (highly correlated to anthocyanins), with multiplex equipment (MULTIPLEX RESEARCH, FORCE-A) for the definition of quality areas.
    keywords: areas; definition; grapes; index; information; model; quality; soil
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        item: #4872 of 7527
          id: cet-3279
      author: sauro
       title: Microsoft Word - 54catania.docx
        date: 2015-04-24
       words: 2988
      flesch: 55
     summary: Parameters such as fruit diameter (Morandi et al. 2007), crop load (Manfrini et al.,2009) or calculated production information (Manfrini et al. 2012) can be recorded or calculated along the season. Because the growth rate of apple fruit has been shown to be linear in the second part of the season (Goffinet et al. 1995) when the fruit enlargement is driven by cell expansion, an accurate prediction of fruit diameter (size) at a nominal harvest date can be made as reported in table 1 (Lakso et al. 1995).
    keywords: apple; diameter; fruit; growth; harvest; production; size
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        item: #4873 of 7527
          id: cet-328
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 211.docx
        date: 2017-10-04
       words: 2963
      flesch: 46
     summary: The Figure 5 presents the results of carried out calculations for different heating water temperature in studied heating seasons, namely 45 °C, 55 °C and 65 °C. For evaluation is utilised a historical pattern of air temperatures from last 10 years.
    keywords: air; heat; heating; temperature
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        item: #4874 of 7527
          id: cet-3280
      author: sauro
       title: Microsoft Word - 54catania.docx
        date: 2015-04-24
       words: 2838
      flesch: 51
     summary: 310 Figure 3. Observed relationship between spray deposition rate (water sensitive paper) and field productivity rate in multi-load spray tasks Subsequent to the field testing reported above, the liquid delivery pump on the aircraft was replaced with a higher capacity pump such that 47 l/ha application rates could be achieved. Other work has investigated the use of multiple UAV’s flying in coordinated fleets for spray application (Wang et al, 2013) and the development of on-board monitoring systems to aid the ground-based operator’s situational awareness of the UAV’s status (Sugiura et al., 2005).
    keywords: aircraft; application; deposition; rate; spray; spraying; uav
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        item: #4875 of 7527
          id: cet-3281
      author: sauro
       title: Microsoft Word - 54catania.docx
        date: 2015-04-24
       words: 3128
      flesch: 51
     summary: Comparing the frequency of events related to equipment position in the vehicle, it was observed that for Section 2 there were a significantly higher number of events above 9.3/10 km compared to equipment located in the middle, 0.8/10 km (p = 0.011). An interaction between equipment position within the vehicle body and type of route section was also observed in the statistical analysis.
    keywords: acceleration; equipment; middle; position; threshold
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        item: #4876 of 7527
          id: cet-3282
      author: sauro
       title: Microsoft Word - 54catania.docx
        date: 2015-04-24
       words: 3448
      flesch: 48
     summary: The results suggested that nitrous oxide gas does not improve quality compared nitrogen modified atmosphere storage. Weight retention in gas sealed lettuce may have resulted from the steam barrier properties of the PP+PA and PP+PET packaging materials (Carvalho and Clemente, 2004).
    keywords: cut; gas; lettuce; n2o; pp+pa; pp+pet; rocket; storage
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        item: #4877 of 7527
          id: cet-3283
      author: sauro
       title: Microsoft Word - 54catania.docx
        date: 2015-04-24
       words: 3790
      flesch: 44
     summary: In addition, ultrafiltration membranes retain large species such as microorganisms, lipids, proteins and colloids preventing precipitate formation, while small solutes such as vitamins, salts and sugars flow with the water through the membrane (Cassano et al., 2003). Membrane processes are consolidated systems in various sectors of production for their capacity to operate at room temperature under low energetic consumption.
    keywords: acerola; coefficient; juice; kda; membrane; permeate; pressure; psi; rejection; transmembrane
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        item: #4878 of 7527
          id: cet-3284
      author: sauro
       title: Microsoft Word - 54catania.docx
        date: 2015-04-24
       words: 3537
      flesch: 45
     summary: The list of identified CCP helped, however, in getting processing improvements and operational control, indicating the importance of monitoring the hazards and critical limits for the implementation of corrective actions related to UHT sterilization and aseptic filling process. Amorim D. Validação de processo térmico de calzone.
    keywords: air; area; aseptic; control; evaluation; filler; filling; food; process; processing; results; uht
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        item: #4879 of 7527
          id: cet-3285
      author: sauro
       title: Microsoft Word - 54catania.docx
        date: 2015-04-24
       words: 3514
      flesch: 47
     summary: During raspberry life, physiological decay occurs due to the high respiration rates. We observed the most satisfactory behaviour in raspberries storage was found by using the lowest barrier master bags (C) with maximum rejection of 10 % at the final stage of the test.
    keywords: bag; carbon; dioxide; gas; life; master; oxygen; packaging; raspberries; shelf; storage
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        item: #4880 of 7527
          id: cet-3286
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 025.docx
        date: 2016-05-06
       words: 2906
      flesch: 46
     summary: The example is provided in Figure 4. Figure 4: Event tree example. The described method incorporates in a single software, with the use of a single data input, all the steps typical of risk analysis: the division of the system into nodes for HazOp application, the calculation of the frequencies of TopEvents and Minimal CutSets, and the construction of fault trees and event trees, as well as evaluation of the system SIL.
    keywords: analysis; event; failure; fault; hazop; reliability; software
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        item: #4881 of 7527
          id: cet-3287
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 025.docx
        date: 2016-05-06
       words: 3121
      flesch: 53
     summary: Turbulence is a main reason for fluid mixing in shear layers of adjacent fluid phases and is important for the spreading and dilution of gas clouds. Figure 4: Gas cloud 20 s after release (isosurface 1 % vol.)
    keywords: boundary; cloud; dispersion; gas; lpg; refinery; time; wind
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        item: #4882 of 7527
          id: cet-3288
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 025.docx
        date: 2016-05-06
       words: 3021
      flesch: 41
     summary: To calculate the space and time dependent hydrogen distribution with a three-dimensional code the following input is needed: a) 3d geometry of the plant in the best possible resolution, b) mitigation measures installed in the building, e.g. ventilation, c) definition of the initiating event and accident scenario, d) definition of the gas DOI: 10.3303/CET1648003 Please cite this article as: Breitung W., Kotchourko A., Yanez J., 2016, Analysis methodology for hydrogen accident scenarios in complex industrial environments, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 48, 13-18 DOI:10.3303/CET1648003 13 Figure 1 Steps in the mechanistic analysis of accident scenarios with unintended release of hydrogen. Breitung W., Chan C., Dorofeev S., Eder A., Gelfand D., Heitsch M. Klein R., Malliakos A., Shepherd E., Studer E., Thibault P., 2000, State-of-the-art report on flame acceleration and deflagration-to-detonation transition in nuclear safety, OECD Report NEA/CSNI/R(2000)7 Dorofeev S.B., Sidorov V.P. Kuznetsov M.S., Matsukov I.D., Alekseev V.I., 2000, Effect of scale on the onset of detonations, Shock Waves 10 (2), 2000, 137-149 Dorofeev S.B., Kuznetsov M.S., Alekseev V.I., Efimenko A.A., Breitung W., 2001, Evaluation of limits for effective flame acceleration in hydrogen mixtures, Journal of Loss Prev.
    keywords: air; analysis; combustion; figure; flame; generator; hydrogen
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        item: #4883 of 7527
          id: cet-3289
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 025.docx
        date: 2016-05-06
       words: 2443
      flesch: 43
     summary: DOI: 10.3303/CET1648004 Please cite this article as: Guinand C., Dabros M., Roduit B., Meyer T., Stoessel F., 2016, Thermal process safety based on reaction kinetics and reactor dynamic, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 48, 19-24 DOI:10.3303/CET1648004 19 2.1 Morton Case Between 1990 and 1998, Morton International Inc. produced a dye for petroleum industry called Automate Yellow 96 (AY96). Willson R. J., Beezer A. E., 2003, A mathematical approach for the calculation of reaction order for common solution phase reactions, Thermochim.
    keywords: chemical; figure; heat; model; reaction; reactor; safety; set; temperature
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        item: #4884 of 7527
          id: cet-329
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 211.docx
        date: 2017-10-04
       words: 4143
      flesch: 38
     summary: Momoh O.L.Y., Anyata B.U., Saroj D.P., 2013, Development of simplified anaerobic digestion models (SADM’s) for studying anaerobic biodegradability and kinetics of complex biomass, Biochemical Engineering Journal 79, 84-93. One of the highlight of the paper is that the point of discussion is based on the categorisation of waste (MSW, FW and manure) rather than based on the characterisation of mathematical model (for example, mechanistic, empirical, first-order, ADM1 and more), which allows a better insight on the suitability of different models in respective to the waste type.
    keywords: anaerobic; digestion; et al; hydrolysis; model; modelling; substrate; waste
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        item: #4885 of 7527
          id: cet-3290
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 025.docx
        date: 2016-05-06
       words: 3613
      flesch: 53
     summary: Due to computer limitations, Elghobashi (1993) classified the influence between particles phase and fluid turbulence depending on the volume fraction of particulate phase. 3.2 Computational fluid dynamics methods The CFD methods based on numerical resolution of physical equation system can provide information about the evolution of particle dispersion in time and space.
    keywords: agglomeration; approach; field; model; motion; particle; phase; release
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        item: #4886 of 7527
          id: cet-3291
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 025.docx
        date: 2016-05-06
       words: 2292
      flesch: 48
     summary: The current paper addresses two aspects: the possibility of explosions in gas engine exhausts and the possibility and mitigation of hazards associated with gas releases into the building containing the gas engine, sometimes referred to as the powerhouse. To limit the consequences of such exhaust pipe explosions explosion vents can be installed.
    keywords: exhaust; explosion; flacs; gas; ignition; release
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        item: #4887 of 7527
          id: cet-3292
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 025.docx
        date: 2016-05-06
       words: 3696
      flesch: 48
     summary: 48, 2016 A publication of The Italian Association of Chemical Engineering Online at www.aidic.it/cet Guest Editors: Eddy de Rademaeker, Peter Schmelzer Copyright © 2016, AIDIC Servizi S.r.l., ISBN 978-88-95608-39-6; ISSN 2283-9216 New Kinetic Approach for Evaluation of Hazard Indicators Based on Merging DSC and ARC or Large Scale Tests Bertrand Roduita*, Marco Hartmanna, Patric Follyb, Alexandre Sarbachb, Pierre Brodardc, Richard Baltenspergerc a AKTS AG, TECHNOArk 1, 3960 CH-Siders, Switzerland b armasuisse, Science and Technology Centre, 3602 CH-Thun, Switzerland c University of Applied Sciences of Western Switzerland, Bd de Pérolles 80, 1705 CH-Fribourg b.roduit@akts.com DOI: 10.3303/CET1648007 Please cite this article as: Roduit B., Hartmann M., Folly P., Sarbach A., Brodard P., Baltensperger R., 2016, New kinetic approach for evaluation of hazard indicators based on merging dsc and arc or large scale tests, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 48, 37-42 DOI:10.3303/CET1648007 37 2.
    keywords: aibn; dsc; heat; kinetic; reaction; sadt; scale; temperature
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        item: #4888 of 7527
          id: cet-3293
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 025.docx
        date: 2016-05-06
       words: 3197
      flesch: 32
     summary: As far as general measurement data quality is concerned, test datasets must contain sufficient information on wind flow to both derive all required input boundary conditions to run a certain flow model and to sufficiently validate predicted flow patterns within the corresponding model domain. For systematic wind flow simulations the monotonically integrating Large Eddy Simulation (LES) software Fast3D-CT is used (Patnaik et al., 2010 and references therein, Leitl et al. 2013).
    keywords: analyst; dispersion; flow; hamburg; scale; time; tool; wind
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        item: #4889 of 7527
          id: cet-3294
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 025.docx
        date: 2016-05-06
       words: 3537
      flesch: 53
     summary: Simplified models of evaporation rates from pools In the present section some simplified models for estimating the evaporation rates from pools are very briefly recalled: for all details reference should be done to the respective original papers. The “Yellow Book” (Van den Bosch and Weterings, 2005) gives the following expression of the evaporation flow, based on heat balance and mass transfer equations: DOI: 10.3303/CET1648009 Please cite this article as: Mazzarotta B., Bubbico R., 2016, Predicting evaporation rates from pools, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 48, 49-54 DOI:10.3303/CET1648009 49 ( )
    keywords: data; evaporation; models; rates; velocity; wind
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        item: #4890 of 7527
          id: cet-3295
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 025.docx
        date: 2016-05-06
       words: 3558
      flesch: 45
     summary: Probabilistic analysis of gas explosion loads. For the risk owner, it improves the comprehension and implications upon the relation between explosion loads and their consequences on structures carrying critical safety functions.
    keywords: afea; explosion; flacs; impetus; loads; response; risk; safety; wall
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        item: #4891 of 7527
          id: cet-3296
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 025.docx
        date: 2016-05-06
       words: 3568
      flesch: 52
     summary: This approach is well-suited to CFD models using the Boussinesq approximation, where buoyancy forces are expressed in terms of a vertical temperature gradient rather than a density gradient. Usually, CFD models require the node within near-wall cell to be placed at a height greater than ks.
    keywords: a&m; abl; boundary; cfd; inlet; model; profiles; turbulence; velocity
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        item: #4892 of 7527
          id: cet-3297
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 025.docx
        date: 2016-05-06
       words: 2675
      flesch: 53
     summary: Some fine tuning on pool fires has been done by Rew and Hulbert in the late nineties to divide the flame in a clear and sooty part, and provide some typical -substance dependent- values for SEPclear and SEPsoot. Fire models themselves can be separated in models describing either jet fire, pool fire or fireball (BLEVE) phenomena.
    keywords: fire; flame; heat; jet; pool; radiation; surface
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        item: #4893 of 7527
          id: cet-3298
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 025.docx
        date: 2016-05-06
       words: 3120
      flesch: 46
     summary: Introduction In assessing the consequences of a release of a pressure liquefied gas, flashing jet models are often used to provide the input, or source term, for vapour dispersion calculations. A number of flashing jet models have been developed and these range from simple expressions, through integral (whole jet) models to Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulations.
    keywords: cfd; dispersion; flashing; jet; liquid; model; modelling; phase; temperature
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        item: #4894 of 7527
          id: cet-3299
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 025.docx
        date: 2016-05-06
       words: 3784
      flesch: 39
     summary: In this context, INERIS developed QSPR models for the prediction of hazardous physico-chemical properties of chemical substances like explosibility of nitro compounds, thermal stability of organic peroxides or flammability of amines. These models were developed according to the five validation principles of QSPR models proposed by OECD for regulatory use.
    keywords: chemical; data; descriptors; models; physico; properties; qsar; qspr; validation
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        item: #4895 of 7527
          id: cet-330
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 211.docx
        date: 2017-10-04
       words: 3174
      flesch: 45
     summary: Inayat A., Ahmad M.M., Yusup S., Mutalib M.I.A., 2010a, Biomass steam gasification with in-situ CO2 capture for enriched hydrogen gas production: a reaction kinetics modelling approach, Energies, 3, 1472-1484. Figure 1: Process flow diagram of sorption enhanced steam gasification process 1676 Table 1: Ultimate analysis and proximate analysis Ultimate Analysis Proximate analysis Biomass Composition Wt (%) Component Wt (%)
    keywords: biomass; gasification; modelling; production; ratio; steam; temperature
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        item: #4896 of 7527
          id: cet-3300
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 025.docx
        date: 2016-05-06
       words: 3425
      flesch: 48
     summary: 3.2 Debris mass distribution For the purpose of the further analysis, the debris mass is clustered in distinct mass classes, or mass bins, containing the respective shares of wall debris within the bin intervals. The initial launch angle for debris origination from the brick wall is calculated from the rotational angle of the pin-jointed system shown in Figure 1, right, Eq(5):         2/ tan 1 l wu (5) Based on previous research on reinforced concrete walls (Dörr et al., 2002), the angular distribution of masonry debris in horizontal and vertical direction is assumed to follow a Gauss normal distribution.
    keywords: angle; debris; distribution; fragment; launch; masonry; mass; throw; wall
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        item: #4897 of 7527
          id: cet-3301
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 025.docx
        date: 2016-05-06
       words: 3592
      flesch: 58
     summary: Normalized Mean Square Error reach a value of 1.4 which is under the recommendation of Hanna and Chang (2012) for urban dispersion models. Acceptance criteria for urban dispersion model evaluation.
    keywords: concentrations; data; dispersion; model; networks; neural; set; training; values
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        item: #4898 of 7527
          id: cet-3302
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 025.docx
        date: 2016-05-06
       words: 2906
      flesch: 45
     summary: The experimental results also confirmed that the logarithmic formulation of the pressure term always leads to conservative but, at higher vapour pressures, unrealistic high values, whilst the linear formulation underestimates the mass flow for high vapour pressures. As the results of both models can be seen as the upper and lower limit of the mass flows calculated by evaporation models, they are chosen for further investigations.
    keywords: evaporation; mass; model; pressure; temperature; vapour
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        item: #4899 of 7527
          id: cet-3303
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 025.docx
        date: 2016-05-06
       words: 2905
      flesch: 36
     summary: Which variability in model results can be expected in emergency cases depending on the atmospheric transport model used? This is exemplified and discussed based on a model comparison study using the model systems TAMOS, RODOS and ESTE: comparisons of model results based on the same meteorological forecasts under various weather conditions and for different release scenarios.
    keywords: cost; emergency; model; modelling; releases; response; results; type
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        item: #4900 of 7527
          id: cet-3304
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 025.docx
        date: 2016-05-06
       words: 4151
      flesch: 48
     summary: For an exemplary explosion scenario the results obtained with different explosive source and damage models are compared. The energy of DOI: 10.3303/CET1648019 Please cite this article as: Klomfass A., 2016, Improved explosion consequence analysis with combined cfd and damage models, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 48, 109-114 DOI:10.3303/CET1648019 109 detonation of TNT, , is about 4.5 MJ/kg and the adjustable factor gives the yield of the VCE.
    keywords: analysis; blast; cloud; damage; explosion; loads; models; overpressure; peak; tnt
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        item: #4901 of 7527
          id: cet-3305
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 025.docx
        date: 2016-05-06
       words: 3879
      flesch: 48
     summary: Finally, the gases were quiescent before dust dispersion. Di Sarli V., Russo P., Sanchirico R., Di Benedetto A., 2001, CFD simulations of dust dispersion in the 20 L vessel: Effect of nominal dust concentration.
    keywords: analysis; cloud; dispersion; dust; flow; particle; sphere; tests; turbulence
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        item: #4902 of 7527
          id: cet-3306
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 025.docx
        date: 2016-05-06
       words: 3587
      flesch: 42
     summary: A short-cut dispersion modelling for continuous and instantaneous releases allows developing contour map describing the hazardous area following different gas releases. Notwithstanding technological development, enforcement of ATEX Directives and safety management system application, hazardous releases and following toxic dispersion or explosions in the process sector still claim lives and severe economic losses.
    keywords: approach; concentration; dilution; figure; gas; region; release; risk
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        item: #4903 of 7527
          id: cet-3307
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 025.docx
        date: 2016-05-06
       words: 2513
      flesch: 55
     summary: Results of the 5 mm dust layer at ambient temperature Measured smouldering temperature [°C] Calculated ignition temperature 380 382 0.7 Table 3: Results of the 12.5 mm dust layer at ambient temperature Measured smouldering temperature [°C] Calculated ignition temperature
    keywords: dust; heat; ignition; layer; temperature
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        item: #4904 of 7527
          id: cet-3308
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 025.docx
        date: 2016-05-06
       words: 2556
      flesch: 63
     summary: The tabled results of the UN Transport Regulation for the outcomes of the Deflagration test (UN test C.2) and the Time/pressure test (UN test C.1) for the substances used are shown in Table 2. Several substances are tested in the Time/pressure test (UN test C.1) and in the closed autoclave.
    keywords: autoclave; pressure; pressure test; test; time; un test
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        item: #4905 of 7527
          id: cet-3309
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 025.docx
        date: 2016-05-06
       words: 2671
      flesch: 50
     summary: For the calculation of temperature rise rate, the Phi-factor of the complete measuring system is taken into account. [°C] 1 85 86 87 91 2 80 87 89 93 3 80 85 87 91 4 40 88 90 93 Figure 3: Temperature rise rate as a function of the reciprocal, absolute temperature for all four experiments.
    keywords: heat; sadt; storage; temperature; test
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        item: #4906 of 7527
          id: cet-331
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 211.docx
        date: 2017-10-04
       words: 4107
      flesch: 55
     summary: Recent researches concentrated on using low-cost catalyst in gasification of biomass (Shahbaz et al., 2016a). Coal bottom ash (CBA) is reported to have been used in combination with CaO in a two-stage pilot fluidised bed gasifier with good results for hydrogen (Shahbaz et al., 2016a) and methane production (Shahbaz et al., 2016b).
    keywords: composition; gasification; ratio; syngas; temperature; time
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        item: #4907 of 7527
          id: cet-3310
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 025.docx
        date: 2016-05-06
       words: 3615
      flesch: 38
     summary: Then, this method was applied to identify reaction mechanisms of major ammonium nitrate’s incompatibilities (chlorinated compounds such as the sodium salt of dichloroisocyanuric acid and sodium salts). Several recent studies have shown that theoretical approaches represent a viable complement to identify the reaction pathways, especially when complex reaction mechanisms giving unstable and short-living intermediates are concerned (Di Tommaso et al., 2011).
    keywords: acid; ammonium; ammonium nitrate; decomposition; kcal; mol; nitrate; reaction; sodium; water
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        item: #4908 of 7527
          id: cet-3311
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 025.docx
        date: 2016-05-06
       words: 3098
      flesch: 45
     summary: Shock-tube facility Blast-STAR Shock-tube facilities have been used to classify and scientifically investigate the response and the resistance of structural components against blast loading for many decades (Kranzer, 2009; Stolz, 2013). SDOF models and iso-damage curves are common practice for the prediction of structural response due to blast loading, (Morison, 2006).
    keywords: blast; figure; loading; overpressure; parameters; resistance; shock; tube
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        item: #4909 of 7527
          id: cet-3312
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 025.docx
        date: 2016-05-06
       words: 1778
      flesch: 52
     summary: In this paper reviewed experimental data of both fossil fuels and recent data of biofuels is used to fit a radiation model that takes into account type of fuel and size of pool fire to calculate emitted radiation. It was found that at large pool fire sizes, χ is far greater for ethanol fires than hydrocarbon fires.
    keywords: fire; heat; model; pool; radiation; tank
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        item: #4910 of 7527
          id: cet-3314
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 025.docx
        date: 2016-05-06
       words: 3807
      flesch: 47
     summary: If we 170 define totiX , liq iX and vap iX as the mass fraction of component i in the total system of fluid, liquid phase and vapour phase, respectively, then the mass balance for the i-th component may be expressed as liq out liq i vap out vap iBD vap iacc ph iin tot it i mXmXmXmXmX dt tdM  −−−−= = ,0 )( . bulk) Pseudocomponent (vapour) Multicomponent 173 Figure 4: Composition of the bulk fluid and vapour space during the accidental release as predicted by the MC TVDI model.
    keywords: component; fluid; liquid; mass; model; pressure; release; vapour; vessel
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        item: #4911 of 7527
          id: cet-3315
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 025.docx
        date: 2016-05-06
       words: 3340
      flesch: 40
     summary: Hjertager B.H., 1993, Computer modelling of turbulent gas explosions in complex 2 and 3 d geometries, J. Hazardous Materials, 34, 173-197. Traditionally, advanced computational fluid dynamics (CFD) based industrial analyses of consequences of gas explosions and fires in complex geometries have been performed using one software tool for prediction of consequences of gas explosions and another software tool for fires.
    keywords: combustion; explosion; fire; gas; industry; kfx; magnussen; simulation; structures; technology
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        item: #4912 of 7527
          id: cet-3316
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 025.docx
        date: 2016-05-06
       words: 3168
      flesch: 48
     summary: Updates to account for the aging of equipment; and DOI: 10.3303/CET1648031 Please cite this article as: Markert F., Kozine I., Duijm N., 2016, Process risk assessment using dynamic simulation of scenarios, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 48, 181-186 DOI:10.3303/CET1648031 181 3. By that the diagrams form a set of dynamic event trees, allowing for interaction.
    keywords: event; figure; models; risk; scenarios; simulation; time
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        item: #4913 of 7527
          id: cet-3317
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 025.docx
        date: 2016-05-06
       words: 3382
      flesch: 52
     summary: Analytical modelling of hydrocarbon pool fires: conservative evaluation of flame temperature and thermal power. In analyzing pool fires and the potential for domino effects, the evaluation of thermal radiation and issues of interplant spacing, employees’ safety zones, fire wall specifications are to be addressed on the basis of a proper consequence analysis.
    keywords: coal; fabiano; fire; flame; hydrocarbon; mass; model; pool; tar
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        item: #4914 of 7527
          id: cet-3318
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 025.docx
        date: 2016-05-06
       words: 2622
      flesch: 52
     summary: Furthermore, deflagration test results of different substances were compared to the corresponding DSC results. 3.3 Connection between deflagration test results and DSC-experiments Additionally we compared deflagration test results and DSC-results.
    keywords: adca; autoclave; bar; deflagration; pressure; results
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        item: #4915 of 7527
          id: cet-3319
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 025.docx
        date: 2016-05-06
       words: 3496
      flesch: 56
     summary: It is likely that the opening is re-accelerated before the pressure reaches the pressure of the initial of rupture and a conservative choice of vapour pressure at the time of final and catastrophic failure is the pressure at the initial rupture. The consequences of a BLEVE are often severe and excluding escalation effects these can be divided in three sources: pressures waves, projectiles and – if the liquid is flammable – fireball radiation.
    keywords: experiments; gas; liquid; pressure; tank; vapour; waves
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        item: #4916 of 7527
          id: cet-332
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 211.docx
        date: 2017-10-04
       words: 3379
      flesch: 36
     summary: It is important that biogas plants are designed with the lowest externalities and possibly in a way that they do not require subsidies. There are several types of biogas plants, such as landfill gas recovery plants, agricultural biogas plants, industrial biogas plants and biogas plants utilising municipal solid waste and sewage sludge as feedstocks (Al Seadi et al, 2008).
    keywords: anaerobic; biogas; digestion; energy; layer; network; plants; process; production; supply; waste
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        item: #4917 of 7527
          id: cet-3320
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 025.docx
        date: 2016-07-07
       words: 3454
      flesch: 57
     summary: It can be seen that the maximum pressure inside the silo increases with increasing number of vent zones. With increasing number of vent zones, the jets become less well-defined and the flame path tends to be less directional with a slightly greater lateral spread.
    keywords: area; explosion; silo; vent; vent area; zones
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        item: #4918 of 7527
          id: cet-3321
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 025.docx
        date: 2016-05-06
       words: 3826
      flesch: 54
     summary: Figure 2 – Fireball models: schematic evolution of diameter (continuous line), height H (dotted line) and SEP (dash line) with time. Hemmatian B., Planas-Cuchi E., Casal J., 2014, Analysis of methodologies and uncertainties in the prediction of BLEVE blast, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 36, 541-546. IFW, 2006, A small Texas town honors those lost, Industrial Fire World, 21 Laboureur D., 2012, Experimental characterization and modeling of hazards: BLEVE and Boilover, PhD dissertation, Ecole Polytechnique de Bruxelles (Be), ULB, November 27, 2012 Laboureur D., Heymes F., Lapebie E., Buchlin J.M., Rambaud P., 2014, BLEVE overpressure: Multiscale comparison of blast wave modeling, Process Safety Progress, 33(3), 274-284.
    keywords: bleve; energy; fireball; flash; liquid; model; overpressure; radiation; temperature
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        item: #4919 of 7527
          id: cet-3322
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 025.docx
        date: 2016-05-06
       words: 2515
      flesch: 31
     summary: ARAMIS (Accidental Risk Assessment Methodology for IndustrieS) methodology (Hourtlou, Salvi, 2003, ARAMIS, 2004) has been developed in order to unify the approach to risk assessment for major accidents and their impact on the environment. It is the coherence of the ARATech2013 tool and the number of prearranged and recommended steps that provide the wider user base with a useful alternative to the commonly used and often technically and methodologically challenging deterministic and probabilistic approaches used for risk assessment.
    keywords: application; aratech2013; assessment; methodology; risk; tool
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        item: #4920 of 7527
          id: cet-3323
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 025.docx
        date: 2016-05-06
       words: 3964
      flesch: 45
     summary: As such, modeling and analysis of domino effects seem inevitable in risk analysis and safety assessment of chemical plants. Risk analysis To find the optimal values of safety distances X and Y (decision alternatives) in the present study, a number of decision criteria are needed.
    keywords: chemical; decision; land; plants; risk; safety; site; storage
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        item: #4921 of 7527
          id: cet-3324
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 025.docx
        date: 2016-05-06
       words: 2352
      flesch: 60
     summary: A practical example serves to demonstrate the importance of taking external heat flux into account. No word is mentioned for instance in the UN Test Series (2009 and 2013) about external heat fluxes that may act as additional temperature loading.
    keywords: heat; induction; palette; radiation; temperature; time
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        item: #4922 of 7527
          id: cet-3325
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 025.docx
        date: 2016-05-06
       words: 3070
      flesch: 48
     summary: Development of risk based maintenance strategy for gas turbine power system. As shown in Figure 1, in the BN structure for risk analysis, RN represents the root nodes (similar to primary events in FT), IN represents the intermediate nodes (similar to intermediate events in FT), and PN represents the pivot node (similar to top event in FT).
    keywords: analysis; failure; maintenance; methodology; power; risk; system
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        item: #4923 of 7527
          id: cet-3326
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 025.docx
        date: 2016-05-06
       words: 4231
      flesch: 40
     summary: Since the presence of effective ignition sources can usually never be ruled out in process plants with absolute certainty, the only viable safety concept in the case that detonable gas mixtures are present is detonation pressure proof design of the enclosures (usually pipes and vessels). Approach proposed by BASF to develop a guideline for detonation pressure proof design of pipes exposed to internal gas-phase detonations At BASF in Ludwigshafen a comprehensive research project was carried through during the last 4 years to quantify the effective load experienced by pipes when exposed to internal gas-phase detonations.
    keywords: air; detonation; flame; gas; mixture; pipe; pressure; speed
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        item: #4924 of 7527
          id: cet-3327
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 025.docx
        date: 2016-05-06
       words: 4476
      flesch: 46
     summary: 365-376 Ligon T.C., Pellman A.M., Minichiello J.C., 2015, “Experimental consideration of the detonation expansion wave limit”, PVP2015-45969, Proceedings of ASME 2015 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference Schildberg H.P., J. Smeulers, G. Pape, 2013, “Experimental determination of the static equivalent pressure of gas-phase detonations in pipes and comparison with numerical models”, Proceedings of ASME 2013 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference, Volume 5: High-Pressure Technology, ISBN: 978-0-7918-5569- 0; doi: 10.1115/PVP2013-97677 Schildberg H.P., 2014, “Experimental determination of the static equivalent pressure of detonative decompositions of acetylene in long pipes and Chapman-Jouguet pressure ratio”, Proceedings of ASME 2014 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference, Volume 5: High-Pressure Technology, ISBN: 978-0-7918- 4602-5; doi: 10.1115/PVP2014-28197 Schildberg H.P., 2015, “Experimental Determination of the Static Equivalent Pressures of detonative Explo- sions of Stoichiometric H2/O2/N2-Mixtures in Long and Short pipes”, Proceedings of the ASME 2015 Pres- sure Vessels and Piping Conference, Volume 5: High-Pressure Technology; doi: 10.1115/PVP2015-45286 Schildberg H.P., 2016, “Experimental Determination of the Static Equivalent Pressures of detonative Explosions of CH4/O2/N2-Mixtures and C2H4/O2/N2-Mixtures in Long and Short pipes”, submitted for publication at the ASME 2016 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference Type of pressure scenario Static equivalent pressures for any detonable gas mixture (pCJ_r of the mixture must be calculated, R must be determined experimentally) no. pipe name 1 lo n g p ip e DDT pstat_DDT_long = R • pstat_stable 2 instable detonation (irrelevant) 3 stable detonation pstat_stable Type of pressure scenario State of knowledge regarding the detonative pressure profile Scenario relevant for detonation pressure proof pipe design no. pipe name pdet (peak height) FWHM (width at half maximum) 1 lo n g p ip e DDT estimates estimates yes 2 instable detonation estimates estimates no 3 stable detonation pdet_stable = pCJ_r • pinitial known yes 4 reflected stable detonation 2.4 • pdet_stable
    keywords: ddt; detonation; gas; mixture; pipe; pressure; scenario
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        item: #4925 of 7527
          id: cet-3328
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 025.docx
        date: 2016-05-06
       words: 3291
      flesch: 57
     summary: 2. LPG release time and dispersion measurements After loss of containment from the tank or other part of LPG car installation gas immediately releases and disperses in the atmosphere. LPG gas is not poisonous in vapour phase, but can cause suffocation when found in large concentrations, due to the fact that it displaces oxygen.
    keywords: car; concentration; gas; installation; lpg; tests; ventilation
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        item: #4926 of 7527
          id: cet-3329
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 025.docx
        date: 2016-05-06
       words: 2641
      flesch: 51
     summary: Important working areas are: knowledge transfer between process safety and fire protection, evaluation and assessing the application of new technologies and learning from experiences. Up to that time fire protection was only a side activity of the section.
    keywords: chemical; fire; industry; measures; plant; process; protection; risk; safety
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        item: #4927 of 7527
          id: cet-333
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 211.docx
        date: 2017-10-04
       words: 3503
      flesch: 44
     summary: The designs in terms of used raw materials are similar when the circular economy is considered or neglected. Table 1: Different profits and fractions of regional supply network with circularity enabled and disabled Maximization criteria Profits and fractions PEconomic SP PEconomic SP F Circularity disabled Circularity enabled PEconomic (M€/y) 5,956 -407 6,596 974 974 *PEconomic (M€/y) 10,389 1,991 11,122 3,975 3,975 PEco (M€/y) 1,231 18,030 1,130 18,111 18,011 PSocial (M€/y) 87 516 88 525 525 SP (M€/y) 7,275 18,139 7,815 19,610 19,510 Fraction of renewable electricity (%) 12.6 54.3 12.6 54.3 54.3 F (%) - - 17.5 19.4 19.4 *PEconomic – economic profit from only companies’ perspective, including subsidies and taxes Table 1 shows the results regarding different measures obtained for the supply network when maximizing different objectives with the circularity of materials being disabled and enabled.
    keywords: circularity; energy; materials; peconomic; production; supply; sustainability
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        item: #4928 of 7527
          id: cet-3330
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 025.docx
        date: 2016-05-06
       words: 2789
      flesch: 50
     summary: It is also worth noticing that one of largest accidents involving dust explosion were caused by the combustion of low Kst compounds like sugar (Imperial Sugar Company, Port Wentworth, Georgia, United States) or wood flour (Bosley, Cheshire, United Kingdom). Explosion pressure is measured for a range of dust concentrations by two piezo-electric pressure transducers.
    keywords: beta; cyfluthrin; cyhalothrin; dust; explosion; kst; lambda; pressure; pyrethroids; results
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        item: #4929 of 7527
          id: cet-3331
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 025.docx
        date: 2016-05-06
       words: 2556
      flesch: 62
     summary: DOI: 10.3303/CET1648046 Please cite this article as: Birk A., 2016, Estimating characteristics of industrial bleves and vces from observed condensation clouds, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 48, 271-276 DOI:10.3303/CET1648046 271 Figure 1: Image of a BLEVE with condensation cloud present (Birk, 2012). Recent video footage available on the internet (You Tube) clearly shows condensation clouds produced by both a vapour cloud explosion and a BLEVE during the Toronto explosions of August 2008.
    keywords: bleve; cloud; condensation; figure; overpressure; shock
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        item: #4930 of 7527
          id: cet-3332
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 025.docx
        date: 2016-05-06
       words: 2878
      flesch: 61
     summary: Sept 3, 2014 909 877 886 887 SD 112 103 81 % 14028 Sept 4, 2014 914 885 868 888 SD = 78 108 77 % 14029 Sept 4, 2014 937 900 892 907 SD = 55 111 81 % average 920 887 882 896 107 80 % Figure 2 Average fire black body radiating temperature compared to full scale tank car fire test [1]. 0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 0.00 200.00 400.00 600.00 800.00 1000.00 1200.00 1400.00 1600.00 D FT T em p (d eg C ) The tests included an unprotected tank and tanks with two different levels of thermal protection.
    keywords: fire; jacket; liquid; tank; temperature; test; wall; water
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        item: #4931 of 7527
          id: cet-3333
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 025.docx
        date: 2016-05-06
       words: 2347
      flesch: 66
     summary: The tube failure mode and kinematics was representative of pressure vessel failures. Figure 3: Early frames of BLEVE failure of 51 mm diameter tube Figure 4 shows the window end view of the failure.
    keywords: blast; bleve; failure; figure; pressure; tube; vessel
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        item: #4932 of 7527
          id: cet-3334
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 025.docx
        date: 2016-05-06
       words: 3556
      flesch: 60
     summary: Frequent ignition sources found inside vessels Description Example Remarks Friction spark Stirrer with circumferential rate of > 10 m/s Explosion of dust encountered on powder mixing tank. These involve ignition sources including electrical equipment, hot surfaces, friction, incandescent substances, gas compression, ionizing radiation, static electricity etc.
    keywords: discharge; frequency; ignition; powder; rate; risk; sources
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        item: #4933 of 7527
          id: cet-3335
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 025.docx
        date: 2016-05-06
       words: 2388
      flesch: 51
     summary: „Modelling the effect of particle size on dust explosions.“ Chemical Engineering Science 65, 2010: 772-779. This method digitally records and measures the geometry and surface area of a large number of dust particles.
    keywords: area; dust; explosion; heat; kst; surface
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        item: #4934 of 7527
          id: cet-3336
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 025.docx
        date: 2016-05-06
       words: 3864
      flesch: 39
     summary: Site specific pre-incident desktop planning essentials include but not limited to the following: (1) Consideration of the results of emergency preparedness review, hazard identification and risk assessment based on foreseen incident scenarios – tank fire, bund fire, tank collapse etc. Oil tank fire emergency is completely different from structural fire emergency, therefore effective control of tank fires would require the intervention of competent crew with the requite knowledge and experience in combating tank fire.
    keywords: emergency; explosion; fire; foam; heat; incident; oil; protection; roof; storage; surface; tank
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        item: #4935 of 7527
          id: cet-3337
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 025.docx
        date: 2016-05-06
       words: 3486
      flesch: 48
     summary: Jones S.J., Averill A.F., Ingram J.M., Holborn P.G., Battersby P., Nolan P.F., Kempsell I.D., Wakem M.J., 2006, Impact ignition of hydrogen-air mixtures, IChemE Symposium series 151. The results of the experimental investigations showed that the hydrogen–air atmosphere used can be ignited by stainless steel impacts with maximum kinetic energy of 30 J. At this energy, the rate of ignition was between 1.7 % for material 1.4313 and 6.7 % for material 1.4462 (cf. Figure 1).
    keywords: air; hydrogen; ignition; mixture; probability; steel
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        item: #4936 of 7527
          id: cet-3338
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 025.docx
        date: 2016-05-06
       words: 3372
      flesch: 57
     summary: 5. Conclusion The LEL of various dusts and gases mixture have been investigated. Some recent studies on the explosion sensitivity and severities of hybrid mixture explosion include; Dufaud et al., (2009), Amyotte et al., (2010), Garcia-Agreda et al., (2011), Addai et al.., (2015) etc.).
    keywords: dust; explosion; gas; hybrid; lel; mixtures; models
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        item: #4937 of 7527
          id: cet-3339
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 025.docx
        date: 2016-05-06
       words: 2739
      flesch: 52
     summary: Barriers suppressing backwards venting of the expanding combustion gas tend to speed up the flame front, barriers preventing forward venting contribute to reduced flame acceleration. The generally accepted theory is that flame acceleration occurs as the flame passes obstacles.
    keywords: cloud; combustion; explosion; flame; gas; ignition
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        item: #4938 of 7527
          id: cet-334
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 211.docx
        date: 2017-10-04
       words: 2311
      flesch: 54
     summary: + HOO → O2 + H2O (3) Koussa et al. (2006) has reported the elementary reaction of H2O2 reaction with hydrogen atom via the O–O Dickson, R. M., Becke, A. D., 1993.
    keywords: energy; h2o2; hydrogen; peroxide; radical; reaction; state; transition
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        item: #4939 of 7527
          id: cet-3340
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 025.docx
        date: 2016-05-06
       words: 4125
      flesch: 53
     summary: DOI: 10.3303/CET1648055 Please cite this article as: Dusso A., Grimaz S., Salzano E., 2016, Quick assessment of fire hazard in chemical and pharmaceutical warehouses, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 48, 325-330 DOI:10.3303/CET1648055 325 Table 1: Definition of conventional potential fire scenarios. Furthermore, when considering fire hazard, the heat release rate (HRR) is essential.
    keywords: enclosure; equation; fire; fuel; heat; hrr; materials; potential; temperature
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        item: #4940 of 7527
          id: cet-3341
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 025.docx
        date: 2016-05-06
       words: 2680
      flesch: 50
     summary: Figure 2 shows the results of charge transfer measurements after tribo charging for different sample plates at different climates. The discussion of the results of charge transfer measurements after tribo charging will be combined with the discussion of the results obtained after corona charging at the end of section 4.3.
    keywords: charge; charging; humidity; ignition; sample; transfer
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        item: #4941 of 7527
          id: cet-3342
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 025.docx
        date: 2016-05-06
       words: 4216
      flesch: 28
     summary: Skjold, T., Arntzen, B.J., Hansen, O.R., Storvik, I.E., Eckhoff, R.K., 2006, Simulation of dust explosions in complex geometries with experimental input from standardized tests, Journal of Loss Prevention in the Process Industries, 19, 210-217, Doi: 10.1016/j.jlp.2005.06.005 Skjold, T., Arntzen, B.J., Hansen, O.R., Taraldset, O.J., Storvik, I.E., Eckhoff, R.K., 2005, Simulating dust explosions with the first version of DESC, Process Safety and Environmental Protection, 83, 151-160, Doi:10.1205/psep.04237 Skjold, T., Castellanos, D., Olsen, K.L., Eckhoff, R.K., 2014, Experimental and numerical investigation of constant volume dust and gas explosions in a 3.6-m flame acceleration tube, Journal of Loss Prevention in the Process Industries, 30, 164-176, Doi: 10.1016/j.jlp.2014.05.010 Skjold, T., Olsen, K.L., Castellanos, D., 2013, A constant pressure dust explosion experiment, Journal of Loss Prevention in the Process Industries, 26, 562-570, Doi: 10.1016/j.jlp.2012.08.003 Tang, F.-D., Goroshin, S., Higgins, A.J., 2011, Modes of particle combustion in iron dust flames, Proceedings of the Combustion Institute, 33, 1975-1982, Doi: 10.1016/j.proci.2010.06.088 Tang, F.-D., Goroshin, S., Higgins, A., Lee, J., 2009, Flame propagation and quenching in iron dust clouds, Proceedings of the Combustion Institute, 32, 1905-1912, Doi: 10.1016/j.proci.2008.05.084 Tascón, A., Aguado, P.J., 2015, CFD simulations to study parameters affecting dust explosion venting in silos, Powder Technology, 272, 132-141, Doi: 10.1016/j.powtec.2014.11.031 Tascón, A., Ruiz, A., Aguado, P.J., 2011, Dust explosions in vented silos: Simulations and comparisons with current standards, Powder Technology, 208, 717-724, Doi: 10.1016/j.powtec.2011.01.015 Taveau, J., 2012, Secondary dust explosions: How to prevent them or mitigate their effects? The explosion pentagon extends the classical fire triangle to fuel-air explosions, including dust explosions: dust explosions pose a hazard whenever combustible solid material is present in the form of fine powder, there is a possibility of dispersing a sufficient mass of the material in air to form an explosive dust cloud within a relatively confined and/or congested volume, and there is an ignition source present.
    keywords: doi; dust; dust explosions; explosions; industries; journal; loss; prevention; process; process industries; risk; safety
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        item: #4942 of 7527
          id: cet-3343
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 025.docx
        date: 2016-05-06
       words: 2651
      flesch: 51
     summary: Results obtained with different models 3.1 Sliced tube with homogeneous wall material - cubical geometry In case of a piece of sliced tube (outer radius ro, inner radius ri, length L and total resistance Rtot between the metal plates) put between two metal plates (electrodes) the resistivity ρ is calculated by Eq(1). In case of a tube (outer radius ro, inner radius ri, length L and total resistance Rtot between outer and inner conductive surface) the resistivity ρ is calculated by Eq(2).
    keywords: hose; material; spiral; tube
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        item: #4943 of 7527
          id: cet-3345
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 025.docx
        date: 2016-05-06
       words: 2868
      flesch: 58
     summary: The different types of discharges are already defined (spark discharges, brush discharges, propagating discharges, cone discharges, corona discharges) such as their ignition properties in a gas or a dust atmosphere. Brush and propagating brush discharges only involve a piece of equipment while a super brush discharge requires several.
    keywords: brush; discharge; dust; field; ignition; pipes
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        item: #4944 of 7527
          id: cet-3346
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 025.docx
        date: 2016-05-06
       words: 2481
      flesch: 50
     summary: As an important element of the process safety management system BASF has launched a structured program for process safety reviews of existing plants in 2011. A BASF expert team was formed after the incident and consists of process technology representatives of all BASF operating divisions that handle acrylic monomers as well as representatives of global process safety.
    keywords: figure; process; reaction; reactor; safety; temperature
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        item: #4945 of 7527
          id: cet-3347
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 025.docx
        date: 2016-05-06
       words: 3329
      flesch: 50
     summary: The results of particle size analysis using a Malvern mastersizer LASER particle size analyzer showed that powder A has the smallest particle size of 5.62 µm diameter, close to powder C: 7.62µm, whereas powder B particles are 6 times bigger with 30.20 µm. The fact that powder C, which has a moderate quantity of LiNaCO3 and has the 371 high amount of trôna, is still able to extinct the fire, demonstrates that the re-ignition in powder A only happened due to the difficulty to flow.
    keywords: extinction; fire; powder; sodium; temperature; trôna
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        item: #4946 of 7527
          id: cet-3348
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 025.docx
        date: 2016-05-06
       words: 3220
      flesch: 45
     summary: Figure 2: Test sample for PTB Ex PT Program “Explosion Pressure” Program 2 Spark Ignition: The ignition probability of circuits is a decisive criterion for the testing and the assessment for the type of protection intrinsic safety described by the standard IEC 60079-11 (2011). The reasons were the extensive effort, the complexity of the relevant measurands- and characteristics of interest and difficulties with the selection of appropriate test samples.
    keywords: explosion; iec; pressure; program; results; test; testing
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        item: #4947 of 7527
          id: cet-3349
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 025.docx
        date: 2016-05-06
       words: 3149
      flesch: 49
     summary: 3. Experimental results and discussion 3.1 Influence of carbon black insertion on gas explosion severity At first, tests were performed on pure methane at different concentrations and turbulence levels. Figure 4: Influence of carbon black concentration on the maximum overpressure - Pmax (left) and on the maximum rate of pressure rise - dP/dtmax (right) for a Corax N550/Methane/Air mixture under quiescent conditions.
    keywords: air; black; carbon; explosion; flame; maximum; mixtures; turbulence
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        item: #4948 of 7527
          id: cet-335
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 211.docx
        date: 2017-10-04
       words: 4001
      flesch: 42
     summary: 3.2.3 Post-construction activities All the professionals of building construction industry share the same view that post-construction activities listed in Table 2 do not have substantial impact on building construction waste management. The questionnaire seeks opinions of 648 building professionals on their activities that influence waste management, impact of the activities on waste management, and ways of channelling building professional activities for effective waste reduction towards sustainable housing.
    keywords: activities; building; construction; influence; management; nigeria; rci; site; waste; waste management
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        item: #4949 of 7527
          id: cet-3350
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 025.docx
        date: 2016-05-06
       words: 2379
      flesch: 54
     summary: Figure 7: Influence of air exchange rate on disinfection efficiency and probability of ex-atmosphere. Figure 1: Disinfection in closed isolator with different air exchange rates (wetted area 0.2 m2, 50 g/m2) Figure 2: Tests in the open isolator (back wall removed)
    keywords: air; disinfection; ignition; isolator; room
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        item: #4950 of 7527
          id: cet-3351
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 025.docx
        date: 2016-05-06
       words: 3567
      flesch: 53
     summary: In order to improve that point, some countries such as Germany started to integrate parts of classic risk analysis (FMEA and risk matrix method) but out of the scope of the designed classes defined during an ATEX assessment (part 3). FMEA and risk matrix method are semi-quantitative methods.
    keywords: assessment; atmosphere; explosion; method; operator; parameter; risk
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        item: #4951 of 7527
          id: cet-3352
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 025.docx
        date: 2016-05-06
       words: 3713
      flesch: 45
     summary: Reference Altfeld K., Schley P., Entwicklung der Erdgasbeschaffenheiten in Europa, 2012, Fachbericht gaswärme international 2-2012, 57 - 63 Askar E., Schröder V., Steinbach J., 2010, Calculation of explosion limits of gas mixtures, Proceedings of the 13th international symposium of loss prevention Vol. 2, 141 - 148 CHEMSAFE® - Database for recommended safety characteristics, 2014, produced in co-operation with BAM, PTB, DECHEMA, STN Karlsruhe Holtappels K., 2002, Report on the experimentally determined explosion limits, explosion pressures and rates of explosion pressure rise - Part 1: methane, hydrogen and propylene, Project SAFEKINEX, Contractual deliverable No. 8, www.morechemistry.com/SAFEKINEX/deliverables.html accessed 14.09.2015 Huang Z., Zhang Y. Zeng K., Liu B., Wang Q., Jiang D., 2006, Measurements of liaminar burning velocity for nattural gas-hydrogen-air-mixtures, Combustion and Flame 146, 302 - 311. Adding up to 10% hydrogen to natural gas had nearly no effect on the safety characteristics.
    keywords: explosion; gas; hydrogen; limits; methane; mixtures; mole%; pressure; safety
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        item: #4952 of 7527
          id: cet-3353
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 025.docx
        date: 2016-05-06
       words: 4037
      flesch: 50
     summary: This paper focusses on the explosivity properties of biomass pellets dust. The severity of an explosion of torrefied biomass dust tends to be lower when compared with white wood dust explosions, especially when comparing the impact effects of moisture, particle size and temperature, as in a real case scenario.
    keywords: biomass; dust; explosion; ffv; materials; mie; pellets; wood
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        item: #4953 of 7527
          id: cet-3354
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 025.docx
        date: 2016-05-06
       words: 3086
      flesch: 48
     summary: Thermal decomposition and combustion of pesticides can occur in different situations. DOI: 10.3303/CET1648069 Please cite this article as: Sankowska M., Gajek A., 2016, Determination of toxic products released during combustion of selected pyrethroids, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 48, 409-414 DOI:10.3303/CET1648069 409 The products released during thermal decomposition and combustion of pesticides can cause serious air pollution, harmful not only to firefighters but also to people living in the surrounding area (Smith-Hansen and Jogensen, 1993).
    keywords: combustion; decomposition; degradation; products; pyrethroids; substances; temperature
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        item: #4954 of 7527
          id: cet-3355
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 025.docx
        date: 2016-05-06
       words: 3736
      flesch: 45
     summary: Although it plays a dominant role in energy transport within dust flame, as shown by Ogle et al. (1984), especially at high temperatures such as those achieved in the flame front, one could estimate that the error induced by this assumption is still acceptable in the first-phase development of the severity model, considering graphite dust’s characteristics. Dahoe A.E., 2000, Dust explosion: a study of flame propagation, PhD thesis.
    keywords: combustion; dust; energy; explosion; flame; graphite; ignition; mixtures; model; velocity
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        item: #4955 of 7527
          id: cet-3356
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 025.docx
        date: 2016-05-06
       words: 2733
      flesch: 57
     summary: The fluid domain also extends to a meter externally of the room walls allowing for a correct pressure profiles detection at the points Gauges even in the case of high strain of structure elements. Results show that pressure profiles are not regular and does not behave in the same way throughout the different simulations.
    keywords: concrete; elements; explosion; gas; masonry; pressure; structure; walls
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        item: #4956 of 7527
          id: cet-3357
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 025.docx
        date: 2016-05-06
       words: 2461
      flesch: 41
     summary: 2. Some statistical data The available data on photovoltaic plants fires includes a large range of fire episodes, including connection box fires, fire involving only a few PV modules and large fires (the majority) occurred to plants located on the roof of the building, which spread inside throughout the skylights in the roof. After the first fire episodes, with large roof fires often followed by compartment fire, some resulting in the complete loss of the structure, the fire investigations revealed various till unconsidered fire risks related to DC arcing ignition of combustible roof insulation layers, often polyurethane or polystyrene foam.
    keywords: figure; fire; photovoltaic; plants; risk; roof
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        item: #4957 of 7527
          id: cet-3358
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 025.docx
        date: 2016-05-06
       words: 1557
      flesch: 52
     summary: 2.2 A phenomenological Model for organic mixtures If we focus on mixtures of combustible substances with different MIE, it becomes obvious, that the MIE of the mixture is determined mainly be the more critical (lower) MIE. Figure 6: Experimental and calculated MIE values for different granulometries of a powder.
    keywords: figure; mie; mixtures; powder
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        item: #4958 of 7527
          id: cet-3359
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 025.docx
        date: 2016-05-06
       words: 4097
      flesch: 50
     summary: Still, when looking outside Europe and North-America, there are reports of explosions also DOI: 10.3303/CET1648074 Please cite this article as: Hansen O., Kjellander M., 2016, Potential for major explosions from crude oil pipeline releases in varied terrain, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 48, 439-444 DOI:10.3303/CET1648074 439 related to oil pipeline releases, recent examples include the 2013 Bodo explosion in Nigeria, possibly caused by military supported theft/bunkering, see The Guardian (2013), and the 2013 Qingdao explosion in China. The potential consequences from crude oil pipeline releases are generally considered less severe, as a major release can be automatically detected and the amounts released limited.
    keywords: buncefield; cloud; hansen; oil; pipeline; release; terrain; vapour; wind
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        item: #4959 of 7527
          id: cet-336
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 211.docx
        date: 2017-10-04
       words: 3990
      flesch: 48
     summary: In energy flow graph, the relationship between material flows and energy flows is neglected, and thus the large energy flows caused by pure energy flows (with small flow rate), large material flows or by both cannot be distinguished. A novel graph representation of the process networks is developed through the combination of the process and energy flow graphs.
    keywords: control; energy; graph; material; networks; process; scale; time
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        item: #4960 of 7527
          id: cet-3360
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 025.docx
        date: 2016-05-06
       words: 2966
      flesch: 45
     summary: Results of the self-ignition process are smoldering dust deposits, open flames and fires as well as the development of additional smolder gas (main component carbon Figure 1: Charting of a spray-dryer-unit (VDI 2263/7, 2010) DOI: 10.3303/CET1648075 Please cite this article as: Gosewinkel M., Dworschak R., Broeckmann B., 2016, Self-ignition behavior of growing dust layers, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 48, 445-450 DOI:10.3303/CET1648075 445 monoxide) (Bartknecht, 1993). Then a new layer with the same height as the first layer is filled into the wire basket, i.e. the old layer is 8 h old, and now a new layer is brought up to this old layer and is stored at specific temperature for 8 hours.
    keywords: dust; figure; heat; ignition; layer; self; temperature; test
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        item: #4961 of 7527
          id: cet-3361
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 025.docx
        date: 2016-05-06
       words: 3733
      flesch: 51
     summary: This paper summarises the evidence for DDT and considers why the inclusion of detonation in the assessment of vapour cloud explosion hazards matters. A series of large scale experiments involving the interaction of vented confined explosions with an external region of pipework congestion also showed evidence of DDT and the continued propagation of the detonation through unobstructed vapour cloud (Tomlin & Johnson, 2012).
    keywords: buncefield; cloud; damage; ddt; deflagration; detonation; experiments; explosion; vapour
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        item: #4962 of 7527
          id: cet-3362
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 025.docx
        date: 2016-05-06
       words: 3726
      flesch: 58
     summary: The delay between ignition and detection may have to do with the lower detection limit of the CO sensor, not measuring very small amounts of CO. CO emission peaked to 188 mL/s after 4 h 55 min. Milk powder temperature peaked to 769°C after 5 hours and 17 min. CO emission peak falls somewhat earlier than milk powder temperature peak, but generally speaking it can be said that CO emission is more or less proportional to sample temperature. Conclusions Smouldering can be initiated in laboratory experiments and CO emission levels can be measured for organic powders.
    keywords: air; emission; milk; powder; sample; smouldering; temperature
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        item: #4963 of 7527
          id: cet-3363
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 025.docx
        date: 2016-05-06
       words: 3308
      flesch: 55
     summary: To this aim, a survey of domino accident triggered by runaway reaction is presented. 2.4 Survey of domino accidents triggered by thermal explosions The first step of this study was the collection of data on past accidents in which a domino effect was triggered by a runaway reaction.
    keywords: accidents; cozzani; doi:10.1016; domino; escalation; explosions; fire
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        item: #4964 of 7527
          id: cet-3364
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 025.docx
        date: 2016-05-06
       words: 2864
      flesch: 49
     summary: A typical filter panel is shown in figure 4. 470 Figure 2: Hoses for dust filter elements Figure 3: Cartridges - mounted in a filter housing Figure 4: Panel with grounding leads Figure 5: Cassette with separate grounding connection Cassettes consist of an open-plan filter pad which is folded in a way that sheets are formed. Because dust filters are not necessarily ‘equipment’ according to the ATEX-directive 2014/34/EU (former 94/9/EU, ATEX 95,…) it is in the responsibility of the plant manager / plant operator to assess the explosion hazards due to the handling of combustible dusts especially using dust filters.
    keywords: dust; elements; filter; housing; ignition; sources
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        item: #4965 of 7527
          id: cet-3365
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 025.docx
        date: 2016-05-06
       words: 3309
      flesch: 56
     summary: Grey triangles: isothermal DSC experiments. Hollow black squares: isothermal C80 experiments.
    keywords: dsc; heat; model; sadt; steel; temperature
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        item: #4966 of 7527
          id: cet-3366
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 025.docx
        date: 2016-05-06
       words: 3072
      flesch: 52
     summary: A very low probability of equipment failure is predicted when exterior walls sustain the onset of visible damage and equipment is mounted to these surfaces. A very low probability of equipment failure is predicted when exterior walls or the roof sustains moderate damage and equipment is mounted off exterior surfaces.
    keywords: blast; building; damage; equipment; fire; risk; sce
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        item: #4967 of 7527
          id: cet-3367
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 025.docx
        date: 2016-05-06
       words: 4014
      flesch: 46
     summary: statredredG ⋅−⋅⋅+⋅−⋅= −− (1) Several criticisms have been levelled at the Bartknecht formula including that KG-values used during the development of the formula are different to those measured today with current standards (EN 13673), DOI: 10.3303/CET1648082 Please cite this article as: Blanchard R., Schildberg H., Zeps R., Holtappels K., Kluge M., 2016, Sizing of explosion pressure relief using the efflux function, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 48, 487-492 DOI:10.3303/CET1648082 487 negative venting areas can result from gases with low KG-values and that relatively large changes in the KG- value result in relatively small changes in the required venting area (Blanchard 2013). Ausbreitung von Deflagrationen in geschlossenen langen Rohrleitungen PhD Dissertation, University Duisburg-Essen, Germany Kasmani, R. M., Andrews, G. E., Phylaktou, H. N., 2013 Experimental study on vented gas explosion in a cylindrical vessel with a duct, Process Saefty and Environmental Protection, 91, 245-252.
    keywords: efflux; explosion; method; pressure; temperature; time; venting; vessel
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        item: #4968 of 7527
          id: cet-3368
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 025.docx
        date: 2016-05-06
       words: 2401
      flesch: 57
     summary: Epoxidation reaction of vegetable oils by means of in-situ preparation of peroxy- acids using mineral acids as catalysts. Table 2: Test conditions and modelling results for epoxidation reaction.
    keywords: epoxidation; reaction; results; temperature; yield
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        item: #4969 of 7527
          id: cet-3369
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 025.docx
        date: 2016-05-06
       words: 1941
      flesch: 54
     summary: There are many different solutions of safety systems on the marked. There is a variety of different solutions for safety systems on the market.
    keywords: iec; risk; safety; sil; system
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        item: #4970 of 7527
          id: cet-337
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 211.docx
        date: 2017-10-04
       words: 2905
      flesch: 56
     summary: The pressure and temperature in the second stage is 150 kPa and 121 °C. 1720 Figure 3: Relative errors in the tested points for absorption column (a: CO2 contents in sweet gas, b: CO2 contents in rich solvent, c: capital cost for absorption column, d: temperature of rich solvent) Figure 4: Relative errors in the tested points for CO2 capture and compression process (a: CO2 content in lean gas, b: temperature of lean solvent, c: operating cost for flash process, d: capital cost for flash process) For the purpose of economic design of the combined process of raw natural gas treating and CO2 compression, a new superstructure combining CO2 removing and compression processes is presented.
    keywords: co2; column; compression; flash; gas; models; process; solvent; stage
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        item: #4971 of 7527
          id: cet-3370
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 025.docx
        date: 2016-05-06
       words: 3386
      flesch: 45
     summary: The main disadvantages of conventional process safety analysis methods including HAZOP are their time consuming character, cost requirements and the demand for experienced and skilled human expert team including safety engineers and process engineers for successful execution of process hazard analysis. Typical knowledge-based expert systems are e.g. HAZOPExpert, a HAZOP automation tool developed by Venkatasubramanian and Vaidhyanathan (1994), projects of OptHAZOP, TOPHAZOP and EXPERTOP (Khan and Abbasi, 2000), integration of knowledge-based and mathematical DOI: 10.3303/CET1648085 Please cite this article as: Janošovský J., Labovský J., Jelemensky L., 2016, Automated model-based hazop study in process hazard analysis, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 48, 505-510 DOI:10.3303/CET1648085 505 programming approaches for process safety verification by Srinivasan et al.
    keywords: ammonia; analysis; feed; hazop; model; process; study; temperature
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        item: #4972 of 7527
          id: cet-3371
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 025.docx
        date: 2016-05-06
       words: 3692
      flesch: 48
     summary: The SFP is storage water pool for spent fuel from nuclear reactors. A plan of the miniaturization or modularization, namely attenuation, of nuclear reactor was frustrated by the opposition of the priority to demand economic efficiency about thirty years ago.
    keywords: accident; fdnpp; nuclear; power; reactor; safety; table; tepco; water
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        item: #4973 of 7527
          id: cet-3372
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 025.docx
        date: 2016-05-06
       words: 3488
      flesch: 43
     summary: The main reason could be a higher sensitivity of QSPR models to over-parametrization. In particular, DSC derived parameters, and mostly the onset temperature and the decomposition enthalpy have been the focus of several QSPR models (Saraf et al. 2003; Klos et al. 2008; Lu et al. 2011).
    keywords: chemical; descriptors; dsc; gcm; models; parameters; process; properties; qspr; structure
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        item: #4974 of 7527
          id: cet-3373
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 025.docx
        date: 2016-05-06
       words: 2372
      flesch: 50
     summary: Even in water pipelines without concrete liner, massive scaling can occur, when the water has a high calcium / magnesium carbonate concentration over decades. Figure 2: Samples of downstream cooling water pipelines in the production building showing significant corrosion and reduction of wall thickness.
    keywords: facilities; hazards; maintenance; pipeline; pressure; safety; water
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        item: #4975 of 7527
          id: cet-3374
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 025.docx
        date: 2016-05-06
       words: 3214
      flesch: 50
     summary: Bochum, Germany michael.sippel@dekra.com Mechanically acting explosion isolation systems like fast-acting valves or explosion isolation flap valves are protective systems which shall avoid transmission of flames and explosion pressure waves via connecting pipes into other parts of apparatus or plant areas. Latest findings from explosion tests with explosion isolation flap valves connected to explosion vented vessels suggest that these devices might have an impact on the explosion course in the vessel and lead to an increased explosion overpressure in the connected vessel.
    keywords: explosion; explosion isolation; isolation; pipe; pressure; test; vessel
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        item: #4976 of 7527
          id: cet-3375
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 025.docx
        date: 2016-05-06
       words: 3150
      flesch: 48
     summary: 2.3 Development schedule The typical schedule of onshore LNG plant design can be divided into four major phases which are Concept Definition, Pre-FEED, FEED and EPC. Tanabe, M., Miyake, A., 2012a, Approach enhancing inherent safety application in onshore LNG plant design, Journal of Loss Prevention in the Process Industries, 25, 809-819.
    keywords: afc; design; gas; lng; onshore; phase; plant; separation
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        item: #4977 of 7527
          id: cet-3376
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 025.docx
        date: 2016-05-06
       words: 3431
      flesch: 37
     summary: Typical problems observed in such complex projects are differences in problem statements and optimal outcomes when there are multiple stakeholders, different philosophies, insufficient coordination and inefficient design change control, all leading to inconsistencies in HSE design. A specific Technical HSE Plan was prepared by the Technical HSE Manager in order to plan, monitor, and control the large number of HSE studies conducted by the several JV partners and consultants.
    keywords: design; engineering; hse; management; manager; plan; process; project; safety
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        item: #4978 of 7527
          id: cet-3377
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 025.docx
        date: 2016-05-06
       words: 3150
      flesch: 50
     summary: The temperature of the ceramic surface at the ignition moment is called micro ignition temperature in this contribution. Ignition experiments are performed with methane and ethene as fuel gases at reactor temperatures of 20 °C and 100 °C.
    keywords: channel; ignition; micro; reactor; temperature
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        item: #4979 of 7527
          id: cet-3378
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 025.docx
        date: 2016-05-06
       words: 3608
      flesch: 45
     summary: Figure 2-b: Dimensionless tank pressure profiles as function of the dimensionless time. Figure 3- b: Minimum temperature inside the tank as a function of initial pressure.
    keywords: co2; depressurization; discharge; figure; line; pressure; tank; temperature
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        item: #4980 of 7527
          id: cet-3379
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 025.docx
        date: 2016-05-06
       words: 2289
      flesch: 59
     summary: The onset of decomposition temperature has been calculated by zooming the variation of the derivative near the spike, as shown in Figure 3. Thermal behaviour, in terms of sample temperature and measured pressure (dashed line, right axis), for the two mixture analysed in this work.
    keywords: acid; decomposition; ramp; temperature
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        item: #4981 of 7527
          id: cet-338
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 211.docx
        date: 2017-10-04
       words: 2844
      flesch: 56
     summary: The basic components of a typical CWCT are heat transfer tubes, spray water, pump, fan, and drift eliminators, as shown in Figure 1(a). The process water temperature drop (△t) of fin tube cases is greater than the plain tube case, as shown in Figure 6.
    keywords: air; case; fin; heat; transfer; tube; water
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        item: #4982 of 7527
          id: cet-3380
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 025.docx
        date: 2016-05-06
       words: 3853
      flesch: 49
     summary: Reference DIN EN 61511 Functional safety - Safety instrumented systems for the process industry DIN EN 61508-2 Functional safety of electrical / electronic / programmable electronic systems - Part 2: Requirements for safety-related electrical / electronic / programmable electronic systems (IEC 61508- 2:2010) VDMA Guideline Functional Safety Safety Integrity Level – SIL EU Industrial Safety Regulation (BetriebsSichV), BGBL, 01.06.2015 EU Pressure Equipment Directive (Druckgeräte Richtlinie), BGBL, 2014 DIN AD2000-A1 (burst disks), Beuth, 10-2006 DIN AD2000-A2 (pressure relief valves), Beuth, 04-2015 H.G. Fisher et al. For a pure gas or vapor flow the cross section calculation can be applied, for example, according to AD 2000 A1 (bursting discs) or according to AD2000-A2 (safety valves).
    keywords: errors; pressure; pressure relief; relief; safety; safety valve; system; valve
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        item: #4983 of 7527
          id: cet-3381
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 025.docx
        date: 2016-05-06
       words: 3407
      flesch: 47
     summary: This issue will be investigated in different reaction systems. The experimental tests could confirm that early relieved reaction systems have a higher temperature rise rate than relieved systems with higher set pressures.
    keywords: effect; pressure; reaction; rise; solvent; system; temperature
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        item: #4984 of 7527
          id: cet-3382
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 025.docx
        date: 2016-05-06
       words: 3422
      flesch: 57
     summary: In some cases, the documentation of safety valve design seems to consist of some instrument list for periodical inspection, only. DOI: 10.3303/CET1648097 Please cite this article as: Westphal F., Christ M., 2016, Practical experiences with the assessment of safety valve design in chemical plants, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 48, 577-582 DOI:10.3303/CET1648097 577 Table 1: Results of the investigations: Ratio of design cases and types of deficiencies Design Case Ratio of SV per design case Ratio of SV with design failure Type of Deficiency SV size too low Inlet pressure loss Back pressure in vent line Chemical Reaction 5 % (3 %) 1 % (6 %) 0.5 % (2 %) 0.1 % (3 %) 0.4 % (1 %) Excessive heating 18 % (16 %) 15 % (36 %) 3 % (15 %) 7 % (12 %) 5 % (14 %)
    keywords: cases; chemical; design; pressure; relief; results; safety; valve
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        item: #4985 of 7527
          id: cet-3383
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 025.docx
        date: 2016-05-06
       words: 2783
      flesch: 45
     summary: For the reduction of air pressure within the drying chamber, a vacuum pump of Vacuubrand© (PC 3000 series) was provided with a rated output of 4.9 m3 / h. K. By the studies of the two test substances it could be overserved, that the shifts of the self-ignition temperatures were not uniform with regard to pressure reduction.
    keywords: bulk; ignition; ignition temperature; pressure; reduction; self; temperature
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        item: #4986 of 7527
          id: cet-3384
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 025.docx
        date: 2016-05-06
       words: 3176
      flesch: 39
     summary: This is the reason why there is such a high contribution from operational accidents risks in this QRA. Clearly, the failure frequencies in the Purple Book (2009) correspond to “fabric failures” and hence, “operational failures” should be assessed separately and include in the analysis.
    keywords: accidents; explosion; failure; fire; process; qras; risk
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        item: #4987 of 7527
          id: cet-3385
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 025.docx
        date: 2016-05-06
       words: 3564
      flesch: 41
     summary: DOI: 10.3303/CET1648100 Please cite this article as: Demeestere M., Lecocq A., Fayet G., 2016, Safety issues related to stationary electrochemical energy storage on industrial sites, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 48, 595-600 DOI:10.3303/CET1648100 595 2.2 Configurations Stationary electrochemical energy storage can be used on industrial sites for different types of applications including telecom, emergency power supply, load leveling, utility switching or peak shaving.
    keywords: accident; applications; battery; energy; fire; safety; storage; system; tests; ● ●
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        item: #4988 of 7527
          id: cet-3386
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 025.docx
        date: 2016-05-06
       words: 3480
      flesch: 51
     summary: At the same time, the reaction process also includes side reactions, such as dinitration and trinitration reactions, as well as oxidation reactions, which generate dinitrotoluene DNT, trinitrotoluene TNT, and some oxidation products (Chen et al., 2003), and these side reactions are often aggravated with the increasing temperature. 48, 2016 A publication of The Italian Association of Chemical Engineering Online at www.aidic.it/cet Guest Editors: Eddy de Rademaeker, Peter Schmelzer Copyright © 2016, AIDIC Servizi S.r.l., ISBN 978-88-95608-39-6; ISSN 2283-9216 Tcf and MTSR of Toluene Nitration in Mixed Acid Liping Chen, Yishan Zhou, Wanghua Chen*, Ting Yang, Sen Xu, Guoning Rao School of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210094, Jiangsu Province, PR China chenwh_nust@163.com Toluene nitration with mixed acid is a very complex process, because there are many reactions involved in the nitrotoluene production process, such as mononitration as a main reaction, dinitration, trinitration, oxidization, and decomposition of products as side reactions.
    keywords: method; reaction; tcf; temperature; toluene
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        item: #4989 of 7527
          id: cet-3387
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 025.docx
        date: 2016-05-06
       words: 3592
      flesch: 53
     summary: In the inlet pipe system analog pressure indicators are installed to monitor system pressure conditions for over pressure (steady connection) and under pressure (manually connectable). In the donor pipe always TFE at high pressure and in the receiving pipe TFE, nitrogen or air were present at an absolute pressure ranging from 500 Pa to atmospheric pressure.
    keywords: air; compression; pipe; pressure; reaction; setup; system; tests; tfe
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        item: #4990 of 7527
          id: cet-3388
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 025.docx
        date: 2016-05-06
       words: 3707
      flesch: 58
     summary: 3. Failures and shutdowns in the chemical industry The vast majority of safety function failures are field device failures. Contribution of diagnostics to device reliability The tool exSILentia (developed by Exida) is used to model example safety functions.
    keywords: devices; diagnostics; failure; hart; plant; safety; sensor
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        item: #4991 of 7527
          id: cet-3389
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 025.docx
        date: 2016-05-06
       words: 4063
      flesch: 47
     summary: • Safety manuals for SIS devices. Cabinets holding logic solver part with isolators interposing relays IO termination boards and so on • Manipulating elements on valve(e.g. hand wheel) • Clear identification of SIS devices via distinctively colored labels • Physical separation of SIS and BPCS equipment (making it easier to secure the associated enclosures with key-locks) 3.
    keywords: device; maintenance; operation; process; proof; requirements; safety; sis; systems
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        item: #4992 of 7527
          id: cet-339
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 211.docx
        date: 2017-10-04
       words: 4016
      flesch: 59
     summary: Liu Y., Chang Y., Wang F., 2014, Online process operating performance assessment and nonoptimal cause identification for industrial processes, Journal of Process Control, 24(10), 1548-1555. However, the immediacy of online operating performance assessment is limited by the scarcity of the online output data and the nonlinearity of the data degrades the accuracy of assessment.
    keywords: assessment; data; online; operating; p p; performance; process; test
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        item: #4993 of 7527
          id: cet-3390
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 025.docx
        date: 2016-05-06
       words: 4184
      flesch: 51
     summary: To avoid such incidents the approval of safety valves and the construction of inlet and outlet lines are determined by national standards. Therefore, the European Program on Evaluation of Safety Valve Stability (EuroValve) was started to investigate the stability of safety valves experimentally and to determine appropriate stability criteria especially for European safety valve designs.
    keywords: api; design; european; inlet; pressure; program; rule; safety; stability; tests; valve
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        item: #4994 of 7527
          id: cet-3391
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 025.docx
        date: 2016-05-06
       words: 4067
      flesch: 62
     summary: 635 4. Conclusion While substantial and well thought out understanding of flow through rupture disk vent lines exists today, there is need to enhance this knowledge with a view to improving safety in technical plants especially for compressible fluid flow which is often the case during emergency relief. 2. Sizing a rupture disk vent line system Sizing a rupture disk vent line as a first step involves determining possible conditions at inlet and the mass to be discharged by: (A) undertaking a HAZOP study to identify the scenarios, (B) determine the worst case boundary conditions based on engineering calculations and (C) determination of the minimum flow rate to be DOI: 10.3303/CET1648106 Please cite this article as: Mutegi M., Schmidt J., Denecke J., 2016, Challenges in sizing rupture disk vent line systems especially for compressible two-phase flow, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 48, 631-636 DOI:10.3303/CET1648106 631 discharged.
    keywords: device; disk; flow; line; pipe; pressure; rupture; rupture disk; system; vent
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        item: #4995 of 7527
          id: cet-3392
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 025.docx
        date: 2016-05-06
       words: 2647
      flesch: 51
     summary: These combinations of proof test module elements thus form the three different possible modules A, B, and C. Because of Eq(6) multiple proof test module elements have to be executed at the same time at certain multiples of the intervals.
    keywords: iec; proof; test
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        item: #4996 of 7527
          id: cet-3393
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 025.docx
        date: 2016-05-06
       words: 3510
      flesch: 46
     summary: 2.1 Method Theory PFP insulation thicknesses for steel structures are determined based on the fire condition (type, temperature, pressure, etc.), duration of fire, exposed surface area of steel structure, and Hp/A of steel structure (heat perimeter divided by cross sectional area). Firstly, LIN wet spray discharge test and LIN accumulation test are conducted to verify the assumption.
    keywords: insulation; lin; liquid; steel; structure; temperature; test
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        item: #4997 of 7527
          id: cet-3394
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 025.docx
        date: 2016-05-06
       words: 2531
      flesch: 59
     summary: Condensation-induced waterhammer is by far the most devastating cause of steam pipeline rupture (Kirsner 2010). References Gielisse M, Dröge M.T., Kuik G.R., Risicoanalyse aardgastransportleidingen, 2008, Report DEI.2008.R.0939, Groningen, Netherlands (in Dutch) Kirsner Consulting Engineering, 2010, Water in steam lines, BP manual Ministry VROM, 2005, Effecten van brand op personen (Effects of fire on persons), Publikatiereeks gevaarlijke stoffen deel 1A, Den Haag, Netherlands (in Dutch) RIVM, 2015, Handleiding risicoberekeningen Bevi, versie 3.3 (in Dutch) State of New York, Department of Public Service, Safety section, Office of Electric, Gas and Water, 2008, Report on steam pipeline rupture, 41 st Street and Lexington Avenue, Consolidated Edison Company of New York.
    keywords: body; burns; damage; heat; jet; pipeline; risk; rupture; skin; steam
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        item: #4998 of 7527
          id: cet-3395
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 025.docx
        date: 2016-05-06
       words: 3099
      flesch: 50
     summary: Grossmann I. E., Sargent R. W. H., 1978, Optimum design of heat exchanger networks, Computers & Chemical Engineering 2(1): 1-7. Gundepsen T., Naess L., 1988, The synthesis of cost optimal heat exchanger networks: An industrial review of the state of the art, Computers & Chemical Engineering 12(6): 503-530. Tecnológico y A.G. Cubas s/n, Celaya, Gto., CP 38010, México b Chemical Engineering Department, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Morelia, Michoacan 58060, México c Mary Kay O’Connor Process Safety Center, Artie McFerrin Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843-3122, U.S.A. richart@iqcelaya.itc.mx This paper proposes a new MINLP model for heat exchanger network synthesis considering streams with phase change and their geographical allocation based on safety.
    keywords: engineering; facilities; heat; hen; streams; synthesis; ∈ ∈
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        item: #4999 of 7527
          id: cet-3396
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 025.docx
        date: 2016-05-06
       words: 2539
      flesch: 54
     summary: Dry oil tank and crude oil transfer system with component capability sets Figure 4. Conclusions This work has shown that it is feasible to take component capability sets related to flowsheet equipment and represent them by three primary state spaces that can then be easily visualized.
    keywords: capabilities; capability; component; design; figure; space; state; system
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        item: #5000 of 7527
          id: cet-3397
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 025.docx
        date: 2016-05-06
       words: 3954
      flesch: 47
     summary: 48, 2016 A publication of The Italian Association of Chemical Engineering Online at www.aidic.it/cet Guest Editors: Eddy de Rademaeker, Peter Schmelzer Copyright © 2016, AIDIC Servizi S.r.l., ISBN 978-88-95608-39-6; ISSN 2283-9216 Emergency Isolation Valves at Pump Suction: Application for Flammable Liquids Shivaprakash Ponniah*, Venkatesh Sourirajan, Jason Fung Integrated Risk, Environmental & Safety Consultants (IRESC), shiva.prakash@irescglobal.com Emergency Isolation Valves (EIVs) are commonly provided at pump suction for butane and more volatile products and also for liquids handled above auto-ignition temperature. Conclusion EIVs are normally provided at pump suction for vessels handling butane, LPG or more volatile product.
    keywords: barg; eivs; fire; liquids; piping; pump; release; suction
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        item: #5001 of 7527
          id: cet-3398
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 025.docx
        date: 2016-05-06
       words: 2402
      flesch: 44
     summary: The following paper describes SIS security aspects as provided in ISA TR84.00.09, and Industrial Security aspects with additional security layers for the SIS as an integrated approach for SIS & BPCS. Architectures of industrial automation control & safety systems Annex A of ISA-TR84.00.09-2013 includes a series of example security architectures.
    keywords: bpcs; control; safety; security; sis; systems
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        item: #5002 of 7527
          id: cet-340
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 211.docx
        date: 2017-10-04
       words: 2647
      flesch: 46
     summary: More recently, membrane distillation (MD) (Tun et al.,2005) and integrated membrane distillation-crystallization (Creusen et al. 2013) have emerged as an alternative technology for an integrated brine concentration and crystallization process including crystallization of concentrated salts–flux and crystal formation. (a) (b) Figure 4: (a) Flow chart of preheating brine process.
    keywords: brine; crystallization; energy; heat; process; salt; scheme
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        item: #5003 of 7527
          id: cet-3400
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 115_paltrinieri.doc
        date: 2016-07-13
       words: 3682
      flesch: 41
     summary: 3. Methodology 3.1 Overview of the methodology In the present work, a methodology for the determination of leak frequency modification factors is presented. The methodology is based on DOI: 10.3303/CET1648115 Please cite this article as: Landucci G., Paltrinieri N., 2016, Accident frequency evaluation to support dynamic risk studies, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 48, 685-690 DOI:10.3303/CET1648115 685 the evaluation of technical, operational and organizational factors.
    keywords: case; factors; figure; frequency; indicators; management; modification; risk; safety
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        item: #5004 of 7527
          id: cet-3401
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 025.docx
        date: 2016-05-06
       words: 3781
      flesch: 39
     summary: 2. Evaluation of the likelihood contribution to security risk In case of security risk assessment, risk is usually analysed by using consequences, threats, target attractiveness and vulnerabilities in some combination. The proposed network, once quantified according to the approaches presented in Section 3 and Section 4, allowed the evaluation of probability values that represent the quantitative expression of the likelihood contribution to security risk of the analyzed set of attack scenarios.
    keywords: assessment; attack; chemical; equipment; low; probability; process; protection; response; risk; security; target; type
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        item: #5005 of 7527
          id: cet-3402
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 025.docx
        date: 2016-05-06
       words: 3080
      flesch: 52
     summary: As the transfer arm is the key factor during LNG off-loading process, and the power supply system is the insurance to ensure the transfer arms working normally, the reliability of power supply system for off- loading arms should be quantitatively analyzed. Besides, the inefficient preventive maintenance (PM) plan may also drag the system into a low reliability region, and the budget of power supply system should also be considered to fulfill the low cost and high reliability.
    keywords: lng; power; rate; reliability; state; system
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        item: #5006 of 7527
          id: cet-3403
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 025.docx
        date: 2016-05-06
       words: 3452
      flesch: 36
     summary: Introduction 1.1 Undesired reactions initiated by water contamination Under certain conditions, epoxy resin are prone to be hydrolysed, causing the conversion of the epoxy ring into a glycol (Lee and Neville, 1967). DOI: 10.3303/CET1648118 Please cite this article as: Tanasini P., Widmer G., Raballand R., 2016, Crosslinking and decomposition of epoxy resins induced by contamination with water – assessment of an industrial scale scenario, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 48, 703-708 DOI:10.3303/CET1648118 703 Figure 1: Scheme of undesired exothermic reactions of epoxy resins in presence of water.
    keywords: conditions; contamination; decomposition; epoxy; heat; reaction; resin; water
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        item: #5007 of 7527
          id: cet-3404
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 025.docx
        date: 2016-05-06
       words: 3369
      flesch: 40
     summary: The researching of relevant accidents for periodic safety reviews, the safety report (Seveso), emergency planning scenarios • The integration of information and lessons learned from accidents into training of staff at all levels, including tool-box talks for operators, fitters, electricians, etc.; induction of new engineers or new managers into a plant or facility. These may include: • Dissemination within the company - to other sites, other operating units, to other functions such as process design or maintenance and repair • Dissemination according to legal requirements - regulations such as the respective national implementation of the Seveso Directives require that major accidents are reported to the relevant 710 authorities, which then report these incidents to the eMARS database (https://emars.jrc.ec.europa.eu/) .
    keywords: accidents; chemical; investigation; learning; lessons; need; process; report; safety
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        item: #5008 of 7527
          id: cet-3405
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 025.docx
        date: 2016-05-06
       words: 3542
      flesch: 45
     summary: People caught in dust explosions are often either burned by the intense heat within the burning dust cloud, injured by flying objects or falling structures. At that time, all the conditions for dust explosion were present; with the addition of dispersion and confinement.
    keywords: board; chemical; dust; equipment; explosion; fire; hazard; investigation; safety; workers
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        item: #5009 of 7527
          id: cet-3406
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 025.docx
        date: 2016-05-06
       words: 4137
      flesch: 64
     summary: On 22:20, a small explosion in the manhole of storm water trench occurred about 1 km away from the initial leak scene. Figure 6: Schematic diagram of storm water trench, the pipeline, and the spread of the leak propylene.
    keywords: 1st; explosion; kaixuan; leak; pipeline; pressure; road; trench; vapour
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        item: #5010 of 7527
          id: cet-3407
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 025.docx
        date: 2016-05-06
       words: 2790
      flesch: 46
     summary: Industrial accident information sources The compilation of major industrial accidents by Mihailidou et al. (2012) has been utilised in this analysis as well as the United Nations Environment Program (UNEP) definition of major industrial accident.
    keywords: accidents; bhopal; distribution; events; fatalities; proportion
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        item: #5011 of 7527
          id: cet-3408
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 025.docx
        date: 2016-05-06
       words: 3909
      flesch: 44
     summary: It was already known from past ageing studies that the keywords associated with mechanical degradation can be used easily to filter an accident database for ageing accidents. Meanwhile, current practice in accident analysis does not sufficiently recognise age-related management of change and design failures (e.g., design exceedances) as ageing issues that should be highlighted along with material degradation.
    keywords: accidents; ageing; chemical; degradation; equipment; keywords; knowledge; loss; obsolescence; safety
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        item: #5012 of 7527
          id: cet-3409
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 025.docx
        date: 2016-05-06
       words: 3551
      flesch: 40
     summary: Amyotte P.R., Goraya A.U., Hendershot D.C., Khan, F.I., 2007, Incorporation of inherent safety principles in process safety management, Process Safety Progress, 26, 333-346. Enhancement of Process Safety Knowledge The exercise of assigning each hazard and common causation factor to a particular element in Table 1 illustrates the essential features and usefulness of a robust system for managing process safety.
    keywords: chemical; csb; dust; explosion; gas; incident; iron; management; process; refinery; safety
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        item: #5013 of 7527
          id: cet-341
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 211.docx
        date: 2017-10-04
       words: 3021
      flesch: 50
     summary: To compare the performance of soft sensing models, RMSE (root mean square error) is applied, which is calculated as Eq(2). Table 3: Soft sensing error of different models Evaluation index (unit) BP BP-MIV BP-PCA BP-GA RMSE (g/L) 177.3674 148.1806 124.1008 87.5861 From the Table 3, we can clearly find that the RMSE of BP model is the largest, which is 177.3674 g/L. The RMSE of BP-MIV model and BP-PCA model is relatively small, while BP-GA model has the smallest RMSE, which is only 84.4051 g/L.
    keywords: enzyme; fermentation; method; miv; model; sensing; variables
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        item: #5014 of 7527
          id: cet-3410
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 025.docx
        date: 2016-05-06
       words: 2735
      flesch: 50
     summary: The introduction of a new drying process for ammonium sulfate nitrate (spray process, “Spritzverfahren”) caused changes in all these parameters resulting in a salt with increased explosiveness. 3.3 Factors influencing the explosive Properties of ASN Though the chemical composition of ASN obtained from the changed drying process (spray process) remained unchanged (AN/AS ratio of 50:50), the physical properties differed from ASN obtained in the original drying process (drying screw).
    keywords: content; fraction; process; salt; silo
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        item: #5015 of 7527
          id: cet-3411
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 025.docx
        date: 2016-05-06
       words: 3746
      flesch: 40
     summary: 5. Results 5.1 Aspect related to major accident analysis The application of the RCA has identified as the most likely cause of the accident trigger in the contact of two incompatible substances. The Seveso Directive stipulates that Member States must exchange information on major accidents and, to this end, a register and an information system called MARS (Major Accidents Reporting System) has been realized.
    keywords: accident; analysis; event; infor.mo; management; process; safety; seveso; system
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        item: #5016 of 7527
          id: cet-3412
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 025.docx
        date: 2016-05-06
       words: 4263
      flesch: 41
     summary: Also in both cases the failure to change to inherently safer design alternatives was critical, with the reliance on the process safety and mechanical integrity programmes not providing a sufficient safety barrier. It is vitally important that management resist the temptation to use RBI programmes as the enabler for reducing asset integrity activities further.
    keywords: chevron; htha; inspection; integrity; process; programmes; rbi; report; review; risk; safety
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        item: #5017 of 7527
          id: cet-3413
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 025.docx
        date: 2016-05-06
       words: 2176
      flesch: 48
     summary: Due to its low boiling point of 39.7 °C it can be used for the extraction of amine compounds. However, caution is advised while handling and storing amine compounds diluted in dichloromethane, since there were incidents with unexpected reactions between amine compounds and dichloromethane in the past (Bretherick’s Handbook of Reactive Chemical Hazards, 2007).
    keywords: amine; decomposition; dichloromethane; pressure; temperature
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        item: #5018 of 7527
          id: cet-3414
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 025.docx
        date: 2016-05-06
       words: 2331
      flesch: 47
     summary: 48, 2016 A publication of The Italian Association of Chemical Engineering Online at www.aidic.it/cet Guest Editors: Eddy de Rademaeker, Peter Schmelzer Copyright © 2016, AIDIC Servizi S.r.l., ISBN 978-88-95608-39-6; ISSN 2283-9216 Root Cause Analysis – the Central Instrument in a Larger Orchestra Thomas Hill BASF SE, Occupational Safety – Global Concepts and Training, GUS/AS – M940, Carl-Bosch-Str. 38, 67056 Ludwigshafen, Germany thomas.hill@basf.com Within BASF there is a large variety of tools connected to learning from accidents or incidents like incident investigation, root cause analysis, databases, short notice communication, detailed communication about severe incidents or accumulation of similar incidents and so for. An evaluation – applied to LTIs (lost time injuries) - shows that there is room for improvement with respect to root cause analysis: In some cases the root cause analysis is not done or documented at all and in other cases the focus is only on “personal performance” but other root causes could and should also have been addressed but were missing.
    keywords: analysis; basf; cause; incident; rca; root
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        item: #5019 of 7527
          id: cet-3415
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 025.docx
        date: 2016-05-06
       words: 3696
      flesch: 60
     summary: Nevertheless, they were obliged to develop engineering solutions to the problem. 3.2 Research angle and limitations Here we present a shortened version of our work on engineering solutions.
    keywords: bop; deepwater; engineering; horizon; oil; response; riser; solutions; states; united
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        item: #5020 of 7527
          id: cet-3416
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 025.docx
        date: 2016-05-06
       words: 2513
      flesch: 50
     summary: 6. Conclusion VTA and Why-Why analysis was improved to implement effective cause analysis. These methods are often used but there are some problems that it takes much time to analyze an accident, it is difficult to identify the root cause DOI: 10.3303/CET1648131 Please cite this article as: Nakagawa M., Shibata T., 2016, Analysis methods for human factors in chemical process accidents, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 48, 781-786 DOI:10.3303/CET1648131 781 of an accident and these analyses sometimes lead to take misguided measures.
    keywords: accident; analysis; causes; vta; work
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        item: #5021 of 7527
          id: cet-3417
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 025.docx
        date: 2016-05-06
       words: 2493
      flesch: 32
     summary: Center for Chemical Process Safety (CCPS), 2000, Guidelines for Chemical Process Quantitative Risk Analysis, 2nd ed. AIChE. Center for Chemical Process Safety (CCPS), 1994, Guidelines for implementing process safety management systems-Center for Chemical Process Safety of the American Institute of Chemical Engineer 47-50,New York.
    keywords: chemical; education; engineering; management; process; psm; safety; university
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        item: #5022 of 7527
          id: cet-3418
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 025.docx
        date: 2016-05-06
       words: 3891
      flesch: 44
     summary: Keeping the same level of details between the incident reports as well as accepting incident reports submitted only from high quality sources (i.e. from the internal accident investigation team of the affected enterprises, rather than printed articles in the media) is a further aspect of data quality. One characteristic of this database is its minimalistic approach: Incident reports are listed only if they are unique, i.e. they are mot duplicating observations described in other reports in the database.
    keywords: accidents; database; incident; information; party; process; report; safety
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        item: #5023 of 7527
          id: cet-3419
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 025.docx
        date: 2016-05-06
       words: 2151
      flesch: 40
     summary: DOI: 10.3303/CET1648134 Please cite this article as: Weppelmann J., 2016, Incident cause pattern analysis at bayer, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 48, 799-804 DOI:10.3303/CET1648134 799 A LoPC incident is defined as an unintended release of a substance or energy from a primary containment (i.e., vessel or pipe) which is located in production, distribution, storage, utilities, pilot plants or laboratories of a facility meeting at least one of the following 3 criteria:  Incident cause pattern analysis The implementation of the TOPPS initiative and the corresponding training program was a milestone to a sustainable safety culture which was also demonstrated by a decreasing number of LoPC incidents.
    keywords: analysis; bayer; incident; process; safety
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        item: #5024 of 7527
          id: cet-342
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 211.docx
        date: 2017-10-04
       words: 2968
      flesch: 55
     summary: Based on the trained network, MIV correlation analysing method was applied to calculate the external correlation according to Eq(1) - Eq(6), and then NN correlation analysing method was applied to calculate the internal correlation according to Eq(7) - Eq(11). The calculated correlation values are also shown graphically in Figure 2. Table 2: The correlation between O3 and other variables Denotation x1 x2 x3 x4 x5 x6 x7 x8 x9 Variable SO2 NO2 CO PM2.5 PM10 T P H WS Correlation 0.0072 0.50 0.011 0.079 0.015 0.045 0.040 0.28 0.016 Sequence 9 1 8 3 7 4 5 2 6 1750 Figure 2: The correlation graph between O3 and other variables From the table and figure, the relationship between ozone concentration O3 and other atmosphere variables has the following features: (1) O3 has the maximum correlation with NO2 and has small correlation with SO2 and CO, which indicates that O3 is transformed from NO2 by photochemical reaction, not SO2 and CO.
    keywords: correlation; method; miv; ozone
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        item: #5025 of 7527
          id: cet-3420
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 025.docx
        date: 2016-05-06
       words: 2921
      flesch: 53
     summary: 2.3 Reactivity with organics As can be found in literature, although Sulphuryl Chloride is supplied in galvanised drums they may be unsafe and lead to unintended reactivity with this substance. As mentioned before, the reactive potential of Sulphuryl Chloride often involves gas generation, moreover documentation available describing the reactivity of this substance with organics and galvanised drums, triggers the suspicion that it is not a safe process condition to store Sulphuryl Chloride with Xylene in a galvanised drum for an extended period of time (a few hours).
    keywords: chloride; drum; process; sulphuryl; sulphuryl chloride; xylene
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        item: #5026 of 7527
          id: cet-3421
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 025.docx
        date: 2016-05-06
       words: 4148
      flesch: 51
     summary: Most of these accidents were predicted and risk reduction recommendations were made. Lesson 5: There is a need to determine urgency of risk reduction recommendations, for example by calculating “interim risk”, and communicate the urgency.
    keywords: accidents; alarp; analysis; measures; qra; recommendations; reduction; risk
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        item: #5027 of 7527
          id: cet-3422
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 025.docx
        date: 2016-05-06
       words: 2517
      flesch: 49
     summary: A performance indicator PSIR (process safety incident rate) is calculated out of number of PSI (process safety incidents) per 1 million working hours. Two examples: As a member of the German chemical industry association VCI, Wacker Chemie AG committed to provide data regarding process safety relevant incidents based on the “Guidance on Process Safety Performance Indicators” developed and provided by the European Chemical Industry Council CEFIC.
    keywords: data; incidents; process; reports; safety; system; wacker
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        item: #5028 of 7527
          id: cet-3423
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 025.docx
        date: 2016-05-06
       words: 3409
      flesch: 54
     summary: 2.4 Lower level requirements At the lower level, five of the chapters are required: 1 Management review and commitment 4 Process Safety Risk Analysis 5 Operating Procedure 10 Work Permit (safe work practices) 11 Risk assessment of change (Management Of Change). Successful candidates are authorized to use Solvay methods.
    keywords: analysis; level; management; process; rhodia; risk; safety; solvay
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        item: #5029 of 7527
          id: cet-3424
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 025.docx
        date: 2016-05-06
       words: 3940
      flesch: 50
     summary: (c) To enlarge effectiveness, HAZOP study results can be utilized in operations to alert personnel in real-time for a developing upset and through causal graph facilitate fault diagnosis. Individual performance claims have been made in which some results were quite disappointing, but no systematic round-robin of comparing various machine assisted HAZOP results are found with those obtained by human teams.
    keywords: analysis; data; engineering; flow; hazard; hazop; plant; process; results; scenarios; system; time; use
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        item: #5030 of 7527
          id: cet-3425
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 025.docx
        date: 2016-05-06
       words: 2951
      flesch: 59
     summary: It is affected by both the type of work to be performed, work factor, and the quantity of work done on a daily basis. The risk increase factor for each type of work = Number of persons performing * work factor * scaling factor.
    keywords: complexity; factor; plant; risk; work
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        item: #5031 of 7527
          id: cet-3426
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 025.docx
        date: 2016-05-06
       words: 3431
      flesch: 47
     summary: Another example was the classification of incident causes in the 3 main groups shown in chart 1, to allow strategies against clusters of causes. - Process Safety training, up-to-date plant documentation, sound procedures combined with operational discipline minimize operational incident causes, which are dominating and increasing.
    keywords: cause; design; incidents; plants; process; psi; safety; severity
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        item: #5032 of 7527
          id: cet-3427
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 025.docx
        date: 2016-05-06
       words: 2520
      flesch: 46
     summary: Following the disastrous BP Texas City incident, the Baker Panel recommended that a composite lagging indicator measuring process safety incidents, consisting of the numbers of fires, explosions, loss-of containment incidents and process-related injuries should be adopted (Baker et al., 2007). In order to cover a wider range of process safety incidents, additional thresholds were incorporated into the SI development.
    keywords: api; incident; performance; process; safety; severity; tier
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        item: #5033 of 7527
          id: cet-3428
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 025.docx
        date: 2016-05-06
       words: 4076
      flesch: 44
     summary: We have proposed a new approach to emergency management training and suggest a set of specifications in order to design a semi-virtual environment. Training in crisis management aims at facilitating the transposition of learned skills from theory to practice: learners can share their experiences, knowledge and points of view in order to experience new ways of thinking.
    keywords: approach; crisis; decision; events; management; scenario; simulation; skills; system; training
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        item: #5034 of 7527
          id: cet-3429
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 025.docx
        date: 2016-05-06
       words: 3272
      flesch: 38
     summary: Global PPS competence has been identified as one important pillar in managing process safety at Bayer. This means to enable and foster collaboration between all globally distributed PPS experts and HSE managers in order to gain a common understanding on process safety and risk evaluation and increase global consistency.
    keywords: bayer; competence; level; management; pha; pps; process; quality; safety
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        item: #5035 of 7527
          id: cet-343
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 211.docx
        date: 2017-10-04
       words: 3012
      flesch: 52
     summary: To solve this problem a kind of dynamic NN soft sensing model was proposed. In Section 2, the principle of dynamic soft sensing model is presented and its advantage is discussed.
    keywords: dynamic; enzyme; fermentation; model; process; sensing
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        item: #5036 of 7527
          id: cet-3430
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 025.docx
        date: 2016-05-06
       words: 3717
      flesch: 53
     summary: Process safety systems only act when things go wrong, so failures could go un-noticed in normal operation. Process operators face competing demands to maintain process safety, while at the same time meeting production targets.
    keywords: failure; process; requirements; safety; sis; system; test; valve
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        item: #5037 of 7527
          id: cet-3431
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 025.docx
        date: 2016-05-06
       words: 3177
      flesch: 40
     summary: Hence, they have to be all-rounders with a good engineering background, but inevitably they will have limited knowledge concerning details of process safety. Thirdly, there is a need of a - certainly not excessive - number of specialists in process safety with in-depth knowledge on hazard analysis, risk and consequences assessment, safety data testing and design and application of protection measures.
    keywords: bachelor; chemical; engineering; industry; knowledge; master; process; program; safety
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        item: #5038 of 7527
          id: cet-3432
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 025.docx
        date: 2016-05-06
       words: 4068
      flesch: 49
     summary: Thus, by using an approach based on crisis management training exercises, this paper aims at presenting an assessment tool that takes account of technical skills as well as human and organizational factors during crisis management exercises (simulations). The present work aims to present our method to assess trainees during crisis management training and feedback them, the EVADE (EVAluation and Debriefing) method.
    keywords: assessment; crisis; exercise; management; objectives; skills; technical; trainees; training
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        item: #5039 of 7527
          id: cet-3433
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 025.docx
        date: 2016-05-06
       words: 3148
      flesch: 47
     summary: Wu Zongzhi, Gao Jindong, Wei Lijun, 2001, Risk assessment method and its application. The acceptable risk function is calculated based on an analysis of the accident statistics and the PFD of the emergency protection is determined by fuzzy comprehensive evaluation and using a trapezoidal fuzzy set method; thus, this advanced method is more accurate and comprehensive than the traditional method employed for chemical process risk assessments.
    keywords: accident; chemical; emergency; method; probability; process; protection; risk
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        item: #5040 of 7527
          id: cet-3434
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 025.docx
        date: 2016-05-06
       words: 2907
      flesch: 42
     summary: “A1” activity did not promote enhancement of the PHA activity or active use of the experienced incident information to predict process safety incidents. 891 Figure 3: Tracing back over the LCE business process model from “A534432” to “A534” activities to find the defects of the activities of operation. However, PSM business process is comprehended in the plant lifecycle engineering business processes, so that even if the weakness of PSM system is identified, the key engineering business processes for that weakness cannot be recognized, so far.
    keywords: activities; business; business process; model; plant; process; safety
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        item: #5041 of 7527
          id: cet-3435
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 025.docx
        date: 2016-05-06
       words: 3157
      flesch: 53
     summary: (2015) and Ancione et al. (2015a)). A previous study of Ancione et al. (2015b) showed that civil tanks used to store fuels and water can give explosive scenarios, such as BLEVEs (Boiling Liquid Expanding Vapour Explosions) if they are exposed to thermal radiation.
    keywords: ancione; et al; lava; milazzo; water
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        item: #5042 of 7527
          id: cet-3436
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 025.docx
        date: 2016-05-06
       words: 3671
      flesch: 51
     summary: The analysis of the case studies demonstrated that a high impact on the risk profile of industrial facilities storing and processing hazardous materials is associated to NaTech scenarios caused by flood events. Cozzani V., Campedel M., Renni E., Krausmann E., 2010, Industrial accidents triggered by flood events: Analysis of past accidents, J. Haz.
    keywords: assessment; equipment; failure; flood; natech; risk; scenarios; vessel
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        item: #5043 of 7527
          id: cet-3437
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 025.docx
        date: 2016-05-06
       words: 3486
      flesch: 54
     summary: This model explores safety culture through three different players: person’s attitudes, person’s safety behaviour and organisation’s safety management system. Safety culture and the issue of power.
    keywords: cultural; culture; models; organisation; person; safety; system
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        item: #5044 of 7527
          id: cet-3438
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 025.docx
        date: 2016-05-06
       words: 3018
      flesch: 46
     summary: While operating inside safe boundaries sounds simple, modern control systems (e.g., DCS, SCADA) are not designed to track boundaries other than process alarms. While well-defined alarms and alarm limits help operators to identify the root cause of abnormal situations and address them, complex automation systems and poor HMI can make it nearly impossible to provide situation awareness.
    keywords: alarm; control; limits; operator; process; safety
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        item: #5045 of 7527
          id: cet-3439
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 025.docx
        date: 2016-05-06
       words: 2800
      flesch: 46
     summary: The situation is made more difficult by the fact that only little attention is devoted to safety work in 921 such situations, because the management is occupied with itself and the survival of the company at such a time. v) Insufficient qualification; thus far there has been no training for managers and safety officers on how to deal with such situations and how one is to act in them. These procedures have likewise been adopted in safety strategies and some of them are particularly very successful – when it comes to designing actual technical situations.
    keywords: behaviour; management; production; safety; site; situation
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        item: #5046 of 7527
          id: cet-344
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 211.docx
        date: 2017-10-04
       words: 3963
      flesch: 34
     summary: Thus, in spite of the same minimum work Wmin (Ex1,0) required for heat circulation to compensate for the exergy destruction An2 due to the heat transfer in HX the additional exergy Ex5 is required to discard heat Qdiscard (Ex5, Figure 4: Heat circulation system by self-heat recovery: (a) the process module expression, (b) the temperature T-entropy S diagram, (c) the energy conversion diagram and (d) the simplified energy conversion diagram Q out º Ex 2 + Ex 5 , An 2 + An 5( ) º Ex1 - An2 + Ex5, An2 + An5( ) Q in º Ex 4 , An 4( ) = Ex1 + Ex5, An5( ) Q min =W min +Q discard º Ex 1 , 0( ) + Ex5, An5( ) SHR SHTHR T 0 T T+ΔT T0 HT Q in Q outQ 3 Q 1 HX T T+ΔT The minimum work required for heat circulation, or work input, is converted to heat output, or the thermal energy of which anergy and exergy are the exergy destruction due to heat transfer in HX and the exergy to discard the anergy transformed by the exergy destruction, respectively.
    keywords: exergy; heat; process; self
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        item: #5047 of 7527
          id: cet-3440
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 025.docx
        date: 2016-05-06
       words: 5053
      flesch: 48
     summary: Indeed, because of the situational nature of human performance, it is only by being as specific as possible, identifying not only the judgments, decisions and actions that people are expected to take for a control to be effective, but putting them into a meaningful context that captures the individuals likely beliefs and expectations at the time they are expected to perform that the true robustness of human controls can really be tested. DOI: 10.3303/CET1648155 Please cite this article as: McLeod R., 2016, Issues in assuring human controls in layers-of-defences strategies, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 48, 925-930 DOI:10.3303/CET1648155 925 3.
    keywords: analysis; controls; layers; people; performance; procedures; process; safety; work
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        item: #5048 of 7527
          id: cet-3441
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 025.docx
        date: 2016-05-06
       words: 3105
      flesch: 37
     summary: LeadSafe Coaches have many opportunities to apply their coaching skills to hold effective toolbox talks, increase two way communications in HSE meetings, encourage valuable feedback in risk assessments, identify underlying beliefs that are obstacles to improved safety performance during safety dialogues, incident investigation or process safety reviews. Data collected from monthly reports is used to recognise and reward high safety performance and participation.
    keywords: besafe; coaching; engineering; group; linde; performance; program; safety
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        item: #5049 of 7527
          id: cet-3442
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 025.docx
        date: 2016-05-06
       words: 3601
      flesch: 49
     summary: Safety culture: the Hearts and Minds approach The Hearts and Minds methodology is one of the approaches for assessing safety culture and common in the chemical and process industries. The national associations are somewhat reserved about government initiatives on safety culture – in their view, safety culture assessment cannot be part of inspections since there is no legislation on this.
    keywords: companies; company; culture; management; program; safety
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        item: #5050 of 7527
          id: cet-3443
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 025.docx
        date: 2016-05-06
       words: 3568
      flesch: 31
     summary: In order to finalise the Risk Assessment Process in relation to selected Critical Infrastructure areas; Equation 2 was defined: VTAR ⋅⋅= (2) Where, R = Risk Level; A = Asset Value; T = Threat Level; V = Vulnerability Level. 48, 2016 A publication of The Italian Association of Chemical Engineering Online at www.aidic.it/cet Guest Editors: Eddy de Rademaeker, Peter Schmelzer Copyright © 2016, AIDIC Servizi S.r.l., ISBN 978-88-95608-39-6; ISSN 2283-9216 European Critical Infrastructure Risk and Safety Management: Directive Implementation in Practice David Rehaka, Martin Hromada*b, Petr Novotnya aVSB-Technical University of Ostrava, Faculty of Safety Engineering, Lumirova 13, Ostrava -Vyskovice, 700 30, Czech Republic b Tomas Bata University in Zlín, Faculty of Applied Informatics, Nad Stranemi 4511, Zlín, 760 05, Czech Republic hromada@fai.utb.cz Critical Infrastructure Protection began to be actively addressed in Europe in 2005, when the European Union issued a Call for a European Programme for Critical Infrastructure Protection (further only CIP) that first drew attention to the fact that several sectors and their elements were significant for today´s society - and that their failure could have serious impacts on national security, the economy, public administration and the basic vital functions of member states´ populations.
    keywords: assessment; czech; european; infrastructure; management; protection; resilience; risk; security
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        item: #5051 of 7527
          id: cet-3444
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 025.docx
        date: 2016-05-06
       words: 4784
      flesch: 49
     summary: The aim of MiSRaR was to exchange knowledge on spatial risk mitigation, including methods for risk assessment, capability planning and stakeholder involvement. 48, 2016 A publication of The Italian Association of Chemical Engineering Online at www.aidic.it/cet Guest Editors: Eddy de Rademaeker, Peter Schmelzer Copyright © 2016, AIDIC Servizi S.r.l., ISBN 978-88-95608-39-6; ISSN 2283-9216 Rail Transport of Hazardous Substances from the Perspective of ‘All Hazard’ Risk Management Ruud M. Houdijk ITINERIS health & safety, Zutphensestraatweg 36, 6955AH, Ellecom, the Netherlands ruud@itineris.nl In the Netherlands the method of Quantitative Risk Analysis for external safety risks of transport of hazardous substances is solely focused on fatal casualties.
    keywords: area; assessment; dordrecht; measures; netherlands; risk; safety; scenarios; south; transport
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        item: #5052 of 7527
          id: cet-3445
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 025.docx
        date: 2016-05-06
       words: 4008
      flesch: 54
     summary: Because the physical effect results in specific damage consequences it also corresponds to the impact on societal risk resulting from a new development. Conceptually it is hard to understand how societal risk may arise as a problem when at the same time one can state that the development meets the legally required safety.
    keywords: curve; netherlands; new; planning; risk; use; zones
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        item: #5053 of 7527
          id: cet-3446
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 025.docx
        date: 2016-05-06
       words: 2439
      flesch: 46
     summary: The project to transfer old examples to new example collection was initiated after consulting meeting with a member company of BG RCI. DOI: 10.3303/CET1648161 Please cite this article as: Poga B., 2016, Determination of explosion protection zones according to dguv regel 113-001 with examples, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 48, 961-966 DOI:10.3303/CET1648161 961 2.
    keywords: collection; examples; explosion; protection; sample; zones
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        item: #5054 of 7527
          id: cet-3447
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 02Revised.doc
        date: 2017-01-18
       words: 3627
      flesch: 43
     summary: 3 schemes were conducted to obtain the structure performance of slotted tunnels, which were different slot area ratios, different slot depths and their different combinations respectively. 3 schemes of different slot area ratios, different slot depths and their different combinations were conducted to obtain the structure performance of slotted tunnels.
    keywords: area ratio; explosion; monitoring; peak; ratio; slot; slot area; slot depth
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        item: #5055 of 7527
          id: cet-3448
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 02Revised.doc
        date: 2017-01-18
       words: 3956
      flesch: 49
     summary: The relationship between NO conversion rate and catalyst calcination temperature is shown in Figure 4. Fig. Under the condition of operating conditions, when the amount of Ce doped in 0.2~1.0 (Ce/Mn molar ratio), all the catalysts in the reaction temperature range of low temperature catalytic reduction activity compared to the Mn/TiO2 catalyst has been greatly improved.
    keywords: activity; catalyst; conversion; nh3; reaction; reduction; temperature; tio2
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        item: #5056 of 7527
          id: cet-3449
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 02Revised.doc
        date: 2017-01-18
       words: 3088
      flesch: 56
     summary: 3.3 Dyeing Method 3.3.1 The reduction process of plant indigo dye The reduction method of vatting/(g·L-1) Results and discussions 4.1 Confirmation of the plant indigo reduction process Factors that influence the reduction process of plant indigo dye include the amount of caustic soda, the amount of sodium hydrosulfite, reduction temperature and time etc., the degree of dyes’ reduction and dissolution is characterized by the absorbance of dye liquor.
    keywords: dyeing; indigo; plant; process; reduction; sodium; synthetic; time
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        item: #5057 of 7527
          id: cet-345
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 211.docx
        date: 2017-10-04
       words: 3052
      flesch: 50
     summary: Sheng (Sheng et al., 2007) has synthesized cationic modified starch by acrylamide and starch. However, seawater composition is more complex (Cho et al., 2006), including vast suspended particle bacteria (Chinu et al., 2010), organic matter and so on (Fritzmann et al., 2007).
    keywords: agent; cationic; flocculation; pga; reaction; water
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        item: #5058 of 7527
          id: cet-3450
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 02Revised.doc
        date: 2017-01-18
       words: 3100
      flesch: 52
     summary: Calculation basis of the reaction rate constants of opposing reaction Suppose that a certain opposing reaction is as follows 1 2 A B C Dk k a b c d+ + DOI: 10.3303/CET1655004 Please cite this article as: Huang X.Z., Zhang L., wang X., Wu D., 2016, Determination of the reaction rate constant for the opposing reaction by integral method, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 55, 19-24 DOI:10.3303/CET1655004 19 Among them, k1, k2 are reaction rate constants which are defined according to the extent of the reaction. DOI: 10.18280/ijht.34S250 Ge H.C., Zhu M.L., 2013, An efficient method for solving reaction orders with Excel software, Laboratory science 16(01), 108-110, doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-4305.2013.01.033 He G.Y., 2001, Visual Basic Common Algorithms Assembly, Xian: Xidian University Press.
    keywords: calculation; doi; equation; rate; reaction
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        item: #5059 of 7527
          id: cet-3451
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 02Revised.doc
        date: 2017-01-18
       words: 2998
      flesch: 44
     summary: DOI: 10.3303/CET1655005 Please cite this article as: Zhang B., Li Y., Qiao S.L., Li L., Wang Z.W., 2016, Research into fabrication and popularization of organic thin film solar cells, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 55, 25-30 DOI:10.3303/CET1655005 25 Given that the fabrication of silicon solar cells has high cost and theoretical energy conversion limits, more and more researchers and scholars turn their attention to studies on thin film solar cells which mainly contain a-Si thin film solar cells, CdTe solar cells, GaAs solar cells, Cu (In, Ga) Se2 solar cells (CIGS, for short), and Nano- crystalline TiO2 DSSC (Leonardo, 2014). In doing so, we concluded that the current situations provide a favorable objective environment for the popularization of organic thin film solar cells.
    keywords: cells; cigs; conversion; efficiency; energy; film; research; silicon; solar
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        item: #5060 of 7527
          id: cet-3452
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 02Revised.doc
        date: 2017-01-18
       words: 3448
      flesch: 47
     summary: Proper control over explosive loading is crucial to diminishing blasting-induced vibration response and realizing normal operation of existing tunnels. Restricted by topography and geology, the design spacing between newly-built tunnels and existing tunnels is limited to a certain value for most of the cases.
    keywords: blasting; engineering; figure; spacing; tunnel; velocity; vibration
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        item: #5061 of 7527
          id: cet-3453
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 02Revised.doc
        date: 2017-01-18
       words: 3410
      flesch: 48
     summary: Hepatoprotective and antioxidative activities of Silybum marianum L. plants have been reported (Banna et al, 2011) . The TFC and TPC in Silybum marianum L. plants may be affected by different solvents and extraction techniques and should be investigated in future.
    keywords: activity; antioxidant; fruit; marianum; pappi; parts; plant; scavenging; silybum
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        item: #5062 of 7527
          id: cet-3454
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 02Revised.doc
        date: 2017-01-18
       words: 3224
      flesch: 47
     summary: Tae S.H., Lee H.S., Noguchi T., Ujiro T., Shin S.W., 2006, Corrosion resistance of cr-bearing rebar in concrete with chloride ion content, Isij International, 46, 7, 1075-1080 Vera G., Hidalgo A., Climent M.A., Andrade C., Alonso C., 2004, Chloride‐ion activities in simplified synthetic concrete pore solutions: the effect of the accompanying ions, Journal of the American Ceramic Society, 83, 3, 640-644. In 1990s the United States concrete infrastructure project cost was 6 trillion dollars, and annual maintenance cost was about 300 billion dollars, of which the railway annual maintenance cost by steel corrosion was about 20 billion dollars; By 1980 in United Kingdom, 500 thousand bridge decks need repairing due to steel corrosion; 75% of reinforced concrete bridges was corroded by chloride ion in England and Wales, and maintenance and repair costs were the 200% of the original; In Japan, about 21.4% of the reinforced concrete structure damage was caused by steel corrosion (Edgar M and Edgar V 2016; Jin et al, 2014).
    keywords: ash; cement; chloride; concrete; content; fly; ion; ratio; structure; water
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        item: #5063 of 7527
          id: cet-3455
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 02Revised.doc
        date: 2017-01-18
       words: 3215
      flesch: 38
     summary: Guo conducted pure CO isothermal adsorption experiments of coal in different temperature conditions (t≤50℃), and concluded that CO adsorption of coal samples decreased with the increase of temperature in the experimental test of low temperature and low pressure conditions, CO adsorption quantity increased with the increase of temperature in high pressure conditions, Guo believes chemical adsorption happens (Xiao, 2007). The primal CO residual quantity after 10 hours desorption may be affected by characteristics of coal samples.
    keywords: analysis; co desorption; coal; crushing; desorption; iq10; sample; temperature; time
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        item: #5064 of 7527
          id: cet-3456
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 02Revised.doc
        date: 2017-01-18
       words: 3238
      flesch: 46
     summary: By understanding the chemical resistance properties of the textile fibre, this would allow technicians to select more rational and appropriate conditions for modified fibre, yarn and fabric processing, and thereby maximizes the use of bamboo charcoal polyester fibres in a precise and efficient way. Hu et al, 2008; Wang, DOI: 10.3303/CET1655010 Please cite this article as: Zhao L., Yuan X.H., 2016, The study of chemical resistances in bamboo charcoal polyester fibres, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 55, 55-60 DOI:10.3303/CET1655010 55 2007; Feng, 2009; Wang et al, 2007;
    keywords: acid; bamboo; change; charcoal; fibre; polyester; room; temperature
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        item: #5065 of 7527
          id: cet-3457
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 02Revised.doc
        date: 2017-01-18
       words: 3220
      flesch: 42
     summary: The Mw of purified EPS was determined by graphic plot of the log Mw of the dextran against elution volume (Ernstsen J et al., 2016). 2.5 Monosaccharide composition analysis of EPS 5 mg of purified EPS were hydrolysed with 2 ml trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) at 120 ℃ for 2 h. The hydrolysed EPS was freeze-dried, redissolved in deionized water, and measured by high performanceanion exchange chromatography (HPAEC) system (Dionex, Sunnyvale, CA, USA), equipped with a quaternary GP50 gradient pump(Dionex), and ED40 conductivity detector (Dionex).
    keywords: activity; antioxidant; doi; eps; helveticus; koumiss; radical; scavenging; smn2; strain
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        item: #5066 of 7527
          id: cet-3458
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 02Revised.doc
        date: 2017-01-18
       words: 2288
      flesch: 44
     summary: I 6.43 277 249* 20 178 36 tanshinone IIA 6.82 295 277* 17 249 22 cryptotanshinone 6.45 297 251* 22 254 25 dihydrotanshinone 6.15 279 261* 16 233 22 * indicates quantitative ions 68 3.2 The preparation of the solution 3.2.1 Standard solution 4 kinds of reference substance were weighed accurately according to 2.5 mg, and they were constanted to 25 mL with methanol solution and stored under 4°C. The reference substance solution was measured 1.0 mL respectively and constanted to 10 mL with methanol solution, they were also stored under 4°C.
    keywords: danshen; determination; methanol; miltiorrhiza; ng·ml-1; salvia; solution; tanshinone
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        item: #5067 of 7527
          id: cet-3459
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 02Revised.doc
        date: 2017-01-18
       words: 2921
      flesch: 48
     summary: In addition, it is also of essence that different sports drink samples have a great impact on the development of method. The 77 condition of high performance liquid chromatography was optimized, and the analytical method of seven kinds of acid industrial dyes in functional beverage was established.
    keywords: acid; chromatography; column; drinks; liquid; method; orange; phase; sample; sports
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        item: #5068 of 7527
          id: cet-346
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 211.docx
        date: 2017-10-04
       words: 3634
      flesch: 64
     summary: j j F F F F F D        t t
    keywords: iqt; t t;  
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        item: #5069 of 7527
          id: cet-3460
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 02Revised.doc
        date: 2017-01-18
       words: 3935
      flesch: 44
     summary: It has been rarely reported that the plant extract residue prepares porous carbon materials. There are many reports on the preparation of activated carbon materials from biomass.
    keywords: areas; carbon; figure; koh; materials; pore; size; structure; surface; temperature
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        item: #5070 of 7527
          id: cet-3461
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 02Revised.doc
        date: 2017-01-18
       words: 3563
      flesch: 48
     summary: DOI: 10.3303/CET1655015 Please cite this article as: Liu Z.W., Chen Y., Hu S.H., Qiu J.P., Meng Y., Li L.Q., 2016, Degradation of painting ink wastewater in a tubular reactor with electrochemical treatment, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 55, 85-90 DOI:10.3303/CET1655015 85 In this work, the study is focused on degradation studies of water-based printing ink wastewater for removal of chemical oxygen demand (COD) and color using tubular electrochemical reactor. The mass transfer coefficient kc increased with increasing flow velocity and Reynolds number.
    keywords: cod; flow; ink; printing; reactor; treatment; velocity; wastewater
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        item: #5071 of 7527
          id: cet-3462
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 02Revised.doc
        date: 2017-01-18
       words: 3068
      flesch: 53
     summary: Show the surface of wood laser fired more meticulously. The theory of wood laser processing During the course of wood laser processing, because of the feature of nanosecond laser, monochromatic, directional, coherent and high intensity of nanosecond laser, focus energy on a small area and a certain direction to ablate wood to what pattern needed (Sivakumar et al, 2015).
    keywords: ablation; area; figure; heat; laser; processing; surface; temperature; wood
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        item: #5072 of 7527
          id: cet-3463
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 02Revised.doc
        date: 2017-01-18
       words: 2639
      flesch: 39
     summary: After the mice swim for 10min, the average rising rate of blood lactic acid in polysaccharide group is lower than that in the control group, indicating that Morchella polysaccharide can well restrain the improvement of lactic acid in the process of movement (Yang et al, 2016). In order to study the effect of antioxidant and anti-fatigue activity of Morchella polysaccharide, determine the vitro antioxidant activity of Morchella polysaccharide (EPS), intracellular polysaccharide (IPS), and compare with the fermentation and mycelium extracts.
    keywords: acid; anti; blood; fermentation; group; mice; morchella; polysaccharide
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        item: #5073 of 7527
          id: cet-3464
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 02Revised.doc
        date: 2017-01-18
       words: 2818
      flesch: 52
     summary: In order to validate the veracity, apigenin standard solution was added into the sample solution for detecting recovery. 55, 2016 A publication of The Italian Association of Chemical Engineering Online at www.aidic.it/cet Guest Editors: Tichun Wang, Hongyang Zhang, Lei Tian Copyright © 2016, AIDIC Servizi S.r.l., ISBN 978-88-95608-46-4; ISSN 2283-9216 Study on the Electrochemical Behaviour of Apigenin and its Interaction with DNA Guoxin Zhaoa, Aijuan Zhaob, Lingchuan LIa, Chong Feng*a a Institute of chemical industry and food, ZhengZhou Institute of Technology, Zhengzhou Henan 450044, China b School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Zhengzhou Normal University, Zhengzhou Henan 450044, China chongf2004@163.com The electrochemical behavior of the antitumor herbal drug apigenin was studied in 0.1 M B-R buffer solution (50% ethanol, pH 9.0) by cyclic voltammetry (CV), normal pulse voltammetry (NPV), chronoamperometry (CA) and chronocoulometry (CC) at glassy carbon electrode.
    keywords: apigenin; buffer; dna; electrode; peak; reaction; solution
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        item: #5074 of 7527
          id: cet-3465
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 02Revised.doc
        date: 2017-01-18
       words: 3306
      flesch: 49
     summary: As a main component of nitrogen oxides in flue gas, there are significant differences in the properties of NO and NO2.NO2 has a greater solubility in the water, and dissolved nitric acid and nitrous acid can be generated with the common desulfurization absorber (such as calcium oxide, etc.) The initial concentration of NO: 650mg/m3, the temperature of flue gas: 130°C, the power of UV lamp is 40w, the flow rate of flue gas is 850ml/min, the concentration of H2O2 is 5%, the temperature of solution is 55°C.
    keywords: concentration; flue; gas; h2o2; rate; removal; system; technology
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        item: #5075 of 7527
          id: cet-3466
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 02Revised.doc
        date: 2017-01-18
       words: 3912
      flesch: 57
     summary: They also exhibited higher cucumber seedling growth activities than DA-6 at 12.5 mg/L. 2.5 Plant growth regulating activity assay Plant growth regulating activity of the synthesized compounds 4a-f against wheat (Triticum aestivum L., a monocotyledonous plant) and cucumber (Cucumis sativus L., a dicotyledonous plant) were investigated.
    keywords: compounds; growth
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        item: #5076 of 7527
          id: cet-3467
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 02Revised.doc
        date: 2017-01-18
       words: 2752
      flesch: 57
     summary: The optimum technical parameters of pomegranate peel dye were obtained: 1:50 of dye liquor ratio, 60°C of dyeing temperature, 60min of dyeing time, and 9 of pH. The dyed bamboo pulp fiber fabrics with pomegranate peel dye had good color fastness properties to soaping, rubbing and perspiration. 2. Experimental Experimental materials: bamboo pulp woven fabric (Dynasty Textile Co. Ltd, .Jiangsu) DOI: 10.3303/CET1655021 Please cite this article as: Yuan X.H., Li Y.G., Gan Y.L., Chen D.S., 2016, Dyeing properties of pomegranate peel dye to bamboo pulp fiber fabric, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 55, 121-126 DOI:10.3303/CET1655021 121 Experimental Drugs: pomegranate peel（the traditional Chinese medicine itinerant）; sodium hydrate; potassii; acetic acidacid; ferrisulfas (The above are the analysis of pure); salt; color fixing agent Y; nautral soap (Purchase of goods).
    keywords: bamboo; dyeing; fabrics; fastness; fiber; peel; pulp; temperature
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        item: #5077 of 7527
          id: cet-3468
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 02Revised.doc
        date: 2017-01-18
       words: 3271
      flesch: 62
     summary: It can be seen from Figure5 that the area suffers from highest wear rate is in the central of inner surface, where the sealing ring placed, showcasing a circumferential distribution. It can be seen from Figure 7 that higher concentration rate means higher wear rate.
    keywords: angle; figure; impeller; inlet; particle; pump; rate; wear
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        item: #5078 of 7527
          id: cet-3469
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 02Revised.doc
        date: 2017-01-18
       words: 2690
      flesch: 37
     summary: In addition, inoculation of HY21 strains had only a slight impact on performance of degrading organic wastewater, while organic wastewater pH could seriously affect the HY21 biodegradation ability of high-concentration organic wastewater, and the optimal pH for HY21 strains was between 6 and 8. In view of this, this paper treated high-concentration organic wastewater such as soybean wastewater, citric acid wastewater and distillery wastewater by using Rhodopesudomonas HY21 in the light anaerobic conditions, respectively and studied the performance of photosynthetic bacteria to treat organic wastewater, in the hope of providing references to remove high-concentration organic wastewater by using microorganisms.
    keywords: bacteria; cod; hy21; organic; removal; strains; wastewater
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        item: #5079 of 7527
          id: cet-347
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 211.docx
        date: 2017-10-04
       words: 3372
      flesch: 46
     summary: Enhanced heat transfer tubes are important options to be considered in the design of high efficiency systems. Figure 2c details the cross sectional view of test tube; thermal insulation blanket of the test section; and the preheating section.
    keywords: condensation; flux; heat; mass; surface; test; transfer; tubes
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        item: #5080 of 7527
          id: cet-3470
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 02Revised.doc
        date: 2017-01-18
       words: 2599
      flesch: 44
     summary: 10 20 30 40 50 60 0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2 1.4 O D 6 0 0 Time/h 141 Figure 3: Genome DNA of bacterium H2 Figure 4: Amplication of bacterium H2 16S rDNA M is DNA Marker DL2000 (TaKaRa) CAGCTACACATGCAAGTCGAACGGCAGCACAGTAAGAGCTTGCTCTTACGGGTGGCGAGT GGCGGACGGGTGAGGAATGCATCGGAATCTACTCTGTCGTGGGGGATAACGTAGGGAAAC TTACGCTAATACCGCATACGACCTACGGGTGAAAGCAGGGGATCTTCGGACCTTGCGCGA TTGAATGAGCCGATGCCCGATTAGCTAGTTGGCGGGGTAAGAGCCCACCAAGGCGACGAT CGGTAGCTGGTCTGAGAGGATGATCAGCCACACTGGAACTGAGACACGGTCCAGACTCCT ACGGGAGGCAGCAGTGGGGAATATTGGACAATGGGCGCAAGCCTGATCCAGCCATACCGC GTGGGTGAAGAAGGCCTTCGGGTTGTAAAGCCCTTTTGTTGGGAAAGAAAAGCAGCCGGT TAATACCCGGTTGTTCTGACGGTACCCAAAGAATAAGCACCGGCTAACTTCGTGCCAGCA GCCGCGGTAATACGAAGGGTGCAAGCGTTACTCGGAATTACTGGGCGTAAAGCGTGCGTA GGTGGTTGTTTAAGTCTGTCGTGAAAGCCCTGGGCTCAACCTGGGAATGGCGATGGAAAC TGGGCGACTAGAGTGTGGCAGAGGGTAGTGGAATTCCTGGTGTAGCAGTGAAATGCGTAG AGATCAGGAGGAACATCCGTGGCGAAGGCGACTGCCTGGGCCAACACTGACACTGAGGCA CGAAAGCGTGGGGAGCAAACAGGATTAGATACCCTGGTAGTCCACGCCCTAAACGATGCG AACTGGATGTTGGGTGCAATTTGGCACGCAGTATCGAAGCTAACGCGTTAAGTTCGCCGC CTGGGGAGTACGGTCGCAAGACTGAAACTCAAAGGAATTGACGGGGGCCCGCACAAGCGG TGGAGTATGTGGTTTAATTCGATGCAACGCGAAGAACCTTACCTGGCCTTGACATGCACG GAACTTTCCAGAGATGGATTGGTGCCTTCGGGAACCGTGACACAGGTGCTGCATGGCTGT CGTCAGCTCGTGTCGTGAGATGTTGGGTTAAGTCCCGCAACGAGCGCAACCCTTGTCCTT AGTTGCCAGCACGTAATGGTGGGAACTCTAAGGAGACCGCCGGTGACAAACCGGAGGAAG GTGGGGATGACGTCAAGTCATCATGGCCCTTACGGCCAGGGCTACACACGTACTACAATG GTAGGGACAGAGGGCTGCAAGCCGGCGACGGTGAGCCAATCCCAGAAACCCTATCTCAGT CCGGATTGGAGTCTGCAACTCGACTCCATGAAGTCGGAATCGCTAGTAATCGCAGATCAG CATTGCTGCGGTGAATACGTTCCCGGGCCTTGTACACACCGCCCGTCACACCATGGGAGT TTGTTGCACCAGAAGCAGGTAGCTTAACCTTCGGGAGGGCGCTTGCCACGGTGTGGCCGA TGACTGGGGGAAGT 60 120 180 240 300 360 420 480 540 600 660 720 780 840 900 960 1020 1080 1140 1200 1260 1320 1380 1440 1454 Figure 5: Sequence of bacterium H2 16S rDNA 142 Figure 6: Phylogenetic tree based on comparison of the 16S rDNA gene sequence to indicate the position of bacterium H2 The phylogenetic tree was generated using the neighbor-joining method.
    keywords: 16s; aeruginosa; algicidal; bacteria; bacterium; et al; microcystis; water
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        item: #5081 of 7527
          id: cet-3471
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 02Revised.doc
        date: 2017-01-18
       words: 3060
      flesch: 46
     summary: DOI: 10.3303/CET1655025 Please cite this article as: Wu Z.X., Wang Q., Yang Y.C., Cao C.M., 2016, Study on circulating aquaculture water treatment based on micro- electrolysis, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 55, 145-150 DOI:10.3303/CET1655025 145 Figure 1: Micro-electrolysis test system device diagram 1, breeding pond 2, pot spin separator 3, drawing box 4, combined electrolysis cell 5, bulking tank 6, pump 7, activated carbon filter 2.3 Experimental methods 1) Preparation of aquaculture water 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 0 3 0 6 0 9 0 1 2 0 1 5 0 1 8 0 Re si d ua l c h lo ri ne /m g/ L Time/min Electrolytic cell Mixing poo l Breeding pond Figure 4: Change of residual chlorine in the process of simulated aquaculture water electrolysis As shown in Figure 4, the effective chlorine concentration increased rapidly when the aquaculture pond water flowed through the electrolytic cell, especially in the first 30min, the highest rate reached 6.45mg / L, then kept rising trend, and reached 11.34mg / L at 180min.
    keywords: aquaculture; concentration; electrolysis; figure; pond; time; water; weight
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        item: #5082 of 7527
          id: cet-3472
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 02Revised.doc
        date: 2017-01-18
       words: 2536
      flesch: 45
     summary: Figure 4: The law of lubricant oxidation value changing with time Table 1: measurement result of the electrochemical analysis of engine oil acid number Sample No. /10 There are two types of titrations of oil product acid value with different principles: zeta potential titration and acid-base titration.
    keywords: acid; engine; measurement; method; number; oil; result; swv; value
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        item: #5083 of 7527
          id: cet-3473
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 02Revised.doc
        date: 2017-01-18
       words: 2995
      flesch: 35
     summary: (4) Sewage treatment can be carried out in the school, the implementation of convenient and quick, as landscape water reuse water, has a high guarantee rate. Conclusion (1) When the temperature of the system was controlled at 26 ~ 32 °C, the hydraulic retention time was controlled at 6h, and the dissolved oxygen concentration was controlled at 2 ~ 3mg / L, can guarantee the integrated effluent quality is ideal, which is most closely to ‘landscape water reuse water quality standards’ (2) The maximal activity of the microorganism can be guaranteed when the temperature of the system is controlled at about 30 °C; too much deviation from this range will affect the normal microbial survival and reproduction or even death and thus affect the treatment effect.
    keywords: concentration; contact; effluent; landscape; quality; removal; treatment; water
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        item: #5084 of 7527
          id: cet-3474
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 02Revised.doc
        date: 2017-01-18
       words: 2658
      flesch: 42
     summary: Tang D.Y., Zheng Z., Guo Z.B., Lin Z.R., Dong C., Wang X.L., 2011, Modification of Low Concentration Ammonia nitrogen wastewater by zeolite adsorption and desorption study. 2.3.1 The effect of potassium permanganate on the ammonia adsorption capacity of zeolite In this procedure, the ammonia adsorption capacity of natural zeolite and modified zeolite was investigated with the same dosing quantity in 10mg/L of ammonia solution.
    keywords: adsorption; ammonia; ammonium; nitrogen; permanganate; potassium; zeolite
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        item: #5085 of 7527
          id: cet-3475
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 02Revised.doc
        date: 2017-01-18
       words: 4344
      flesch: 56
     summary: We suppose the optical system is composed of N plane mirrors (M1, M2, ..., MN) at any position. In the paper, we have considered the existence of the self-conjugate rays in the resonator which is consisted of a number of mirrors and including spherical mirrors, the effect of spherical mirror misalignment in ring resonators was investigated.
    keywords: axis; cos; direction; mirror; resonator; sin; spherical; system
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        item: #5086 of 7527
          id: cet-3476
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 02Revised.doc
        date: 2017-01-18
       words: 2632
      flesch: 69
     summary: Third, Higgs quality problems due to radiation correction contribution to the quality of Higgs particles, fermions such as ring integral diverging term, this will lead to mass correction term Higgs particle δm2 ~Λ2, which is a low-energy physics no longer applyΛ2energy standard, which is within the scope of the standard model cannot be explained. Higgs particle mass is selected asmh=125Gev, For SUSY part, we use FormCalc package to solve the quality of supersymmetric particles, andtanᵝ, ma, Mμ, MAssey and Aeas input parameters.
    keywords: energy; higgs; model; standard
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        item: #5087 of 7527
          id: cet-3477
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 02Revised.doc
        date: 2017-01-18
       words: 3934
      flesch: 34
     summary: Reference Agarwal A., Dahotre N.B., 1998, Pulse electrode deposition of su-perhard boride coatings on ferrous alloy, Surf Coat Techn, 106, 242, DOI: 10.1016/j.apsusc.2012.03.054 Alexander V.R., Orhan S., 2003, The use of bipolar current pulses in electro spark alloying of metal surfaces, Surface and Coatings Technology, 168(2),129-135, DOI:10.1016/S0257-8972(02)00877-0 Azhari A., Schindler C., Kerscher E., 2012, Improving surface hardness of austenitic stainless steel using waterjet peening process, International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology, 63,1035-1046, DOI:10.1007/s00170-012-3962-1 Bailey Jeffrey A., 1992, Method for depositing braze alloy to base metal surfaces using electric discharge process, US pat, 51020231 Barash M.M., Kahlon C.S., 1964, Experiments with electric spark toughening, International Journal of Machine Tool Design and Research, 4(1), 1-8, DOI:10.1016/0020-7357(64)90005-8 Carlos A., Graciano G., Dimas J.S., Gennifer N.A., 2015, An empirical method for the estimation of yield strength on bonds and strands of expanded metal meshes, Revista de la Facultad de Ingeniería, (74): 132-142 Edgar M., Edgar V., 2016, State evaluation of steel bridges of the Colombian National roadway network, Revista de la Facultad de Ingeniería, 31(5), 462-489 Estévez J., Durán L., Hernández E., Castro J., 2009, Growth, structural, thermal, optical and electrical properties of CuIn5S8, Revista Tecnica De La Facultad De Ingenieria Universidad Del Zulia, 32(1), 92-108 Gärtner F., Stoltenhoff T., Schmidt T., 2006, The cold spray process and Its potential for industrial applications, J Therm Spray Technol, 15 (2), 223-232, DOI:10.1361/105996306X108110 Giulio L., Daniel H., Silva D., 2016, Numerical evaluation of the effect of type and shape of perforations on the buckling of thin steel plates by means of the constructal design method, International Journal of Heat and Technology, 34, S9-S20, DOI: 10.18280/ijht.34S102 Heitman Peter W., 2004, Method and apparatus for electro-spark deposition, US Pat, 6835908 Irissou É., Legoux J.G., Ryabinin A., Jodoin B.,Moreau C., 2008, Review on cold spray process and technology: Part I-intellectual poperty, J Therm Spray Technol, 17 (4), 495-516, DOI: 10.1007/s11666-008- 9203-3 Janmanee P., Muttamara A., 2012, Surface modification of tungsten carbide by electrical discharge coating (EDC) using a titanium powder suspension. 3. Results and Discussion 3.1 Hardness testing In strict accordance with the following table processes specification deposition layer, thickness of about 30- 50um.
    keywords: argon; blade; deposition; electrode; hardness; layer; material; metal; resistance; surface; wear
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        item: #5088 of 7527
          id: cet-3478
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 02Revised.doc
        date: 2017-01-18
       words: 2817
      flesch: 64
     summary: Construction of wavelet element 4.1 Daubechies wavelet axial force rod element and torsion bar element D3 wavelet is used to construct Daubechies wavelet axial force rod element and torsion bar element. Many scholars have made a lot of researches on wavelet finite element method, but most of the models are plane beam element and plate element.
    keywords: beam; daubechies; element; frame; function; method; wavelet
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        item: #5089 of 7527
          id: cet-3479
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 02Revised.doc
        date: 2017-01-18
       words: 2915
      flesch: 64
     summary: Through proper increase of the equivalent friction coefficient on the rope exit direction on the loose side, and its contact positive pressure and friction force, the stress distribution on every groove of the friction coiling block can be balanced, the number of the coiling block’s ring-grooves and the weight of the friction roiling block can be reduced. (See Table 1) From Table 1, it can be seen that the groove of traditional friction coiling blocks has the same structure and friction side conditions, but the friction traction thus generated differs greatly.
    keywords: block; coiling; coiling block; force; friction; friction coiling; groove
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        item: #5090 of 7527
          id: cet-348
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 211.docx
        date: 2017-10-04
       words: 2812
      flesch: 61
     summary: Barello M., Manca D., Patel R., Mujtaba I.M., 2015, Operation and modeling of RO desalination process in batch mode, Computers and Chemical Engineering, 83, 139-156. Desalination processes represent 53% of the desalination capacity globally (Mezher et al., 20110).
    keywords: feed; i=1; m i=1; pressure; process; salinity
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        item: #5091 of 7527
          id: cet-3480
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 02Revised.doc
        date: 2017-01-18
       words: 2909
      flesch: 50
     summary: Section 2 illustrates the literature review of fuzzy neural network. Fuzzy neural network is belonged to a type of machine learning technology which is able to accurately estimate the parameters of the fuzzy system using approximation techniques from neural networks.
    keywords: input; layer; network; neural; parameters; pool; process; reconstruction; surface; welding
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        item: #5092 of 7527
          id: cet-3481
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 02Revised.doc
        date: 2017-01-18
       words: 2805
      flesch: 39
     summary: Experiments and results 3.1 Hardware of power system data acquisition system Sensors, detectors, amplifiers and converters are the foundation of our instruments and control and measurement industry, they are also power data acquisition system eyes and ears.
    keywords: acquisition; compression; data; data acquisition; grid; noise; power; quality; signal; system
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        item: #5093 of 7527
          id: cet-3482
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 02Revised.doc
        date: 2017-01-18
       words: 3004
      flesch: 52
     summary: Although manufacturing cells formed by these two methods have achieved good results, in the cloud manufacturing environment, selected manufacturing resources were not limited to this manufacturing cell, this workshop or this enterprise. If logic manufacturing unit construction method is used, physical layout of manufacturing resources does not need to changed, which can form manufacturing cell promptly.
    keywords: cell; cost; manufacturing; processing; resources
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        item: #5094 of 7527
          id: cet-3483
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 02Revised.doc
        date: 2017-01-18
       words: 3684
      flesch: 46
     summary: However, those electrostatic accidents in pipeline flow were resulted from a variety of reasons and impact factors, and between which the relationship is extremely complex. Through the analysis of the key factors, it is obtained to the electrostatic influence mechanism and the control mode in the process of oil pipeline transportation, which also presents guidance for safety protection of oil pipeline.
    keywords: analysis; data; electrostatic; factors; flow; incidence; model; oil; pipeline
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        item: #5095 of 7527
          id: cet-3484
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 02Revised.doc
        date: 2017-01-18
       words: 3216
      flesch: 56
     summary: The final upward moving heat will melt snow, and ultimately achieve the purpose of melting snow, making the chemical PMMA pavement achieve the best results. It can be seen from the figure that the snow melting interface changes with the time from the solid state to the solid-liquid two-phase state, and finally to the liquid state in the process of snow melting on the road surface.
    keywords: heat; melting; pipes; radiating; road; snow; temperature
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        item: #5096 of 7527
          id: cet-3485
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 02Revised.doc
        date: 2017-01-18
       words: 2980
      flesch: 52
     summary: In order to study the thermal decomposition process of potato starch, the author codnucts DTA of three different kinds of standard potato starch by DTA-60 (Wang, 2008). 2.4.2 DTA of potato starch content The author takes about 5mg of standard sample and 5mg of the sample to be tested, and places them in separate ceramic crucibles.
    keywords: content; dta; potato; powder; starch; starch content
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        item: #5097 of 7527
          id: cet-3486
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 02Revised.doc
        date: 2017-01-18
       words: 4141
      flesch: 58
     summary: The results showed when freeze-thaw were placed into the process of heat pump drying process which could improve the quality of dried tilapia fillets effectively. Freeze-thaw parameters of 4-7 (twice placement) drying time point were optimized by L9(34) orthogonal experiment at 7th hours of drying.
    keywords: drying; freeze; freezing; heat; placement; points; process; rate; thaw; time; water
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        item: #5098 of 7527
          id: cet-3487
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 02Revised.doc
        date: 2017-01-18
       words: 2709
      flesch: 48
     summary: An overview of magnesium alloy materials 2.1 Characteristics of magnesium alloys The texture of pure magnesium is soft, not suitable for taking as a structural material to be directly used. Magnesium alloys, as the lightest metal structural materials, have been studied and applied to the new badminton rackets materials in recent years.
    keywords: alloy; deg; heat; magnesium; solution; strength; treatment
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        item: #5099 of 7527
          id: cet-3488
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 02Revised.doc
        date: 2017-01-18
       words: 3298
      flesch: 46
     summary: Analysis shows that: 60d strength and 28d strength, comparing the growth rate, the increase is not so obvious in 28d relative to 3d, which further illustrates that the excitation effect of lime - gypsum on fly ash -EPS thermal insulation mortar system, is rapid in the middle development and stable in the late period, providing a good guarantee for the durability of thermal insulation mortar; (4) From table 5, comparing the mortar, namely with no fly ash and EPS, but add mortar sample of lime and gypsum, then the 28d compressive strength gets 56.6MPa, which exceeds the strength 12 MPa of the cement used 42.5 grade. In this paper, we use lime and gypsum as the activators for fly ash activity, and add modified polystyrene foam to develop fly ash polystyrene insulation mortar and masonry with excellent thermal insulation performance and the durability, which fully meets the needs of China's current situation of building thermal insulation mortar and building insulation blocks, belonging to green energy-saving building materials (Herki et al., 2013).
    keywords: ash; conductivity; eps; fly; gypsum; insulation; lime; mortar; strength
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        item: #5100 of 7527
          id: cet-3489
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 02Revised.doc
        date: 2017-01-18
       words: 3458
      flesch: 43
     summary: (a) Coating of formulation 5 (b) Coating of formulation6 Figure 2: SEM images of SiO2 aerogel composite thermal insulation coatings of different formulas 3.2.2 FT-IR analysis Figure 3 displays the infrared images of SiO2 aerogel composite insulation coatings of different formulas. High temperature performance analysis of SiO2 aerogel composite thermal insulation coatings 3.3.1 XRD analysis Figure 5 displays the XRD images of SiO2 aerogel composite insulation coatings after being burned at different temperatures.
    keywords: aerogel; coating; composite; insulation; insulation coating; performance; sio2; sio2 aerogel
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        item: #5101 of 7527
          id: cet-349
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 211.docx
        date: 2017-10-04
       words: 3866
      flesch: 46
     summary: The use of fouling models is paramount to consider the transient change in fouling resistance over time. Development of fouling models for crude oil refinery The current state of the art covers the optimisation of operational conditions for fouling mitigation, as well as the minimisation of cleaning tasks to optimise cleaning costs.
    keywords: cleaning; conditions; crude; data; exchanger; fouling; heat; model; network
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        item: #5102 of 7527
          id: cet-3490
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 02Revised.doc
        date: 2017-01-18
       words: 4149
      flesch: 40
     summary: The principle of sterilization and disinfection of low-temperature plasma The formation of low- temperature plasma is a very complex physical and chemical reaction process, low- temperature plasma is partially ionized gas, including charged particles, high-energy electrons and neutral particles of electricity, such as free radicals, excited atoms and molecules etc. The mechanism of synergistic effect between low-temperature plasma and catalyst In the process of producing low- temperature plasma, the pollutants by high energy electron bombardment can be decomposed into elemental or transformed into harmless substances.
    keywords: catalyst; doi; electrons; energy; particles; plasma; reaction; reactor; temperature; temperature plasma; water
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        item: #5103 of 7527
          id: cet-3491
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 02Revised.doc
        date: 2017-01-18
       words: 3971
      flesch: 56
     summary: So it is of great importance to research on aluminum formwork system. Aluminum formwork system is a new kind of construction formwork system, which has been put into use for many years around the world, but it is still in the early stages of exploration and research in China.
    keywords: alloy; aluminum; aluminum alloy; construction; formwork; system; t t; − −
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        item: #5104 of 7527
          id: cet-3492
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 02Revised.doc
        date: 2017-01-18
       words: 4102
      flesch: 45
     summary: Porous ceramic membrane supports are the essential part of ceramic membranes. In addition, the present technical issues to address and the development trends of porous ceramic membrane supports were also proposed herein 1.
    keywords: alumina; ceramic; extrusion; membrane; performance; pore; preparation; sintering; size; support; technology
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        item: #5105 of 7527
          id: cet-3493
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 02Revised.doc
        date: 2017-01-18
       words: 2718
      flesch: 45
     summary: The approximate process of preparing LDHs encapsulated graphene oxide composites by in-situ growth method is shown in Figure 2. Using graphene oxide as template, LDHs in-situ growth in graphene oxide composite materials, and form LDHs coated graphene oxide composite materials.
    keywords: composite; figure; graphene; ldhs; ldo; materials; photocatalytic; properties; znnial
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        item: #5106 of 7527
          id: cet-3494
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 02Revised.doc
        date: 2017-01-18
       words: 3713
      flesch: 46
     summary: Introduction The use of corrosion inhibitor is one of the most effective measures for protecting metal surfaces against corrosion in acid environments (Goulart et al., 2013; Edgar M and Edgar V, 2016; The selection of pyrazine derivatives as corrosion inhibitors is based on the presence of two nitrogen atoms in their structure, which facilitates electrophilic attack.
    keywords: acid; concentration; corrosion; derivatives; efficiency; hcl; inhibition; inhibitors; solution; steel; surface
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        item: #5107 of 7527
          id: cet-3495
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 02Revised.doc
        date: 2017-01-18
       words: 2775
      flesch: 46
     summary: Analysis on metallogenic favourable degree of south China ore concentration area Many scholars have made a lot of researches on the geological structure, metallogenic regularity and genesis of South China ore area. In this paper, the metallogenic geological variables are selected, use genetic algorithm (GA) global search performance, to determine the optimal SVM kernel parameter and error penalty factor, construct favorable degree ore prediction model based on GA-SVM regression, and compare with BP neural network prediction results, so as to provide a new method for nonlinear metallogenic prediction, play a role of reference for the South China polymetallic concealed ore bodies.
    keywords: china; degree; error; mineralization; model; ore; prediction; svm
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        item: #5108 of 7527
          id: cet-3496
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 02Revised.doc
        date: 2017-01-18
       words: 2606
      flesch: 56
     summary: We also experimented with the magnetostrictive performance, and found some patterns as follows: (1) The performances of magnetostrictive composites will be improved by Ho element. (2) An appropriate heat treatment temperature is helpful for the properties of magnetostrictive composites.
    keywords: composites; epoxy; hysteresis; magnetostriction
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        item: #5109 of 7527
          id: cet-3497
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 02Revised.doc
        date: 2017-01-18
       words: 3454
      flesch: 40
     summary: 5. Results 5.1 Overall transmittance of aerogel Because of its ultra-low thermal coefficient, SiO2 aerogel thermal insulation materials have a good thermal insulation effect. SiO2 aerogel thermal insulation material has good transparency, and it can be used in architectural glass to achieve better lighting performance requirements.
    keywords: aerogel; application; building; glass; insulation; material; sio2; sio2 aerogel; transmittance
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        item: #5110 of 7527
          id: cet-3498
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 02Revised.doc
        date: 2017-01-18
       words: 3348
      flesch: 47
     summary: Conclusion In this paper, the measurement range of heavy metal ions is separately measured, and the addition experiments of four kinds of ion are carried out. Screen- printed electrodes for environmental monitoring of heavy metal ions: a review.
    keywords: + +; cd2; concentration; cu2 +; linear; measurement; metal; regression; results
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        item: #5111 of 7527
          id: cet-3499
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 02Revised.doc
        date: 2017-01-18
       words: 3086
      flesch: 46
     summary: Inagawa H., Hashimoto D., Ishimaru S., Kiso M., 2012, Electroless nickel plating bath and method for electroless nickel plating. In this paper, Ni-P alloy coating was prepared by electroless nickel plating with alkaline plating-acid plating double solution system on aluminum alloy 6061 sheet.
    keywords: alloy; aluminum; coating; electroless; electroless nickel; nickel; nickel plating; plating; surface
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        item: #5112 of 7527
          id: cet-350
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 211.docx
        date: 2017-10-04
       words: 3352
      flesch: 58
     summary: Li X.L, Su H.Y., Chu J., 2009, Multiple model soft sensor based on affinity propagation, Gaussian process and Bayesian committee machine. References Jin H.P., Chen X.G., Yang K., Wang L., 2015, Multi-model adaptive soft sensor modeling method using local learning and online support vector regression for nonlinear time-variant batch processes.
    keywords: clustering; data; density; method; models; number; sensor; sub
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        item: #5113 of 7527
          id: cet-3500
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 02Revised.doc
        date: 2017-01-18
       words: 3083
      flesch: 40
     summary: This paper uses 15% phosphate acid treatment of fly ash and bentonite, preparation of inorganic composite phenolic foam, and studied the influence of the acidification and addition on properties of phenolic foam composite, discusses the phenolic foam preparation process, analyzes the influence of acid curing agent on properties of phenolic foam, create the apparent density and mechanical properties of phenolic foam model. 3.3 Thermal conductivity of inorganic composite phenolic foam The thermal conductivity of the composite phenolic foam with 30% inorganic material is shown in Figure 4. Figure 4: Thermal Conductivity of Inorganic Composite Phenolic Foam Figure 4 shows that inorganic materials with no addition of phenolic foam compared to the thermal conductivity of inorganic materials composite foam thermal conductivity than pure phenolic foam has increased.
    keywords: building; composite; flame; foam; materials; phenolic; preparation; strength
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        item: #5114 of 7527
          id: cet-3501
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 02Revised.doc
        date: 2017-01-18
       words: 4264
      flesch: 57
     summary: People have recognized that the crack-tip plastic zone plays an important role in fatigue crack growth, and devote tremendous effort to introduce plastic zone as a mechanical parameter of fatigue failure criterion. 3. Conclusion The modified constitutive relation for fatigue crack growth of metals proposed by this paper is further generalized in the following three aspects: (1) To introduce an unstable fracture condition into the crack growth rate curve in order to cover the whole Fatigue crack propagation regime; (2) To define a virtual strength to replace the yield stress in order for the constitutive relation to be applicable from crack-fret plain specifying to crack from fatigue limit to ultimate strength; (3) To introduce: an overload/under load parameter 3 for modelling the overload retaliation and under load acceleration.
    keywords: crack; crack growth; fatigue; fatigue crack; growth; propagation; rate; sample; stress; π π
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        item: #5115 of 7527
          id: cet-3502
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 02Revised.doc
        date: 2017-01-18
       words: 2609
      flesch: 41
     summary: Iron minerals including hematite, limonite and ferruginous matters are main components in the ores. Anatase 0.90 0.66 0.97 98.02 96.46 Hematite 0.70 66.45 76.03 1.50 1.15 Others 0.50 - - - - Total 100.00 0.612 100.00 0.914 100.00 Raw ore 0.60 0.90 Balance coefficient 1.02 1.01 3.5 Analysis on the factors affecting beneficiation indexes A slight of Fe and TiO2 usually occurred in the kaolinite crystals as absorbed state or mechanical mixing materials, the Ti and Fe in these forms could not be disassociated effectively by using beneficiation methods, there would be 0.24% Fe and 0.03% TiO2 in kaolinite ore concentrates.
    keywords: anatase; chemical; form; hematite; iron; kaolinite; mineral; ores; quartz
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        item: #5116 of 7527
          id: cet-3503
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 02Revised.doc
        date: 2017-01-18
       words: 3062
      flesch: 46
     summary: 3.2 Influence factors analyze The results of orthogonal experiments show that the effect of each factor on CO2 huff puff is different. lyq89731007@163.com CO2 huff and puff has been continuously considered as an import EOR method for tight oil reservoirs.
    keywords: co2; coefficient; fractures; frequency; huff; oil; puff; reservoir; variation
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        item: #5117 of 7527
          id: cet-3504
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 02Revised.doc
        date: 2017-01-18
       words: 4013
      flesch: 45
     summary: 2.4 Samples Different brands of extra virgin olive oil samples and rapeseed oil samples used in the experiment were bought from the local market. FT-IR spectra of extra virgin olive oil samples and adulterated samples were obtained without any chemical pretreatment.
    keywords: abc; algorithm; doi; food; gmm; gmmrabc; oil; olive; parameters; samples; set; virgin
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        item: #5118 of 7527
          id: cet-3505
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 02Revised.doc
        date: 2017-01-18
       words: 3186
      flesch: 50
     summary: The CIE coordinates of Na3YSi2O7: Sm3+ phosphor are calculated, (0.5449, 0.4472), and the activation energy of thermal quenching is 0.22 e This is much smaller than the Sm3+ in the Na3YSi2O7 matrix, so the energy transfer mode between Sm3+ in Na3YSi2O7: Sm3+ phosphor should be electric multiple level interaction.
    keywords: color; concentration; emission; energy; excitation; light; na3ysi2o7; phosphor; sm3
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        item: #5119 of 7527
          id: cet-3506
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 02Revised.doc
        date: 2017-01-18
       words: 3399
      flesch: 46
     summary: That is possibly why the accumulation of biogenic silica is not much affected by the composition of sediments in the upper and middle reaches of the Yellow River. 364 Figure 1: Correlation between biogenic silica content in sediments of the Yellow River and the sediment composition 3.3 Analysis of correlation between biogenic silica content and organic matter Biogenic silica is an effective indicator of productivity because the generation and preservation of biogenic silica in the sediments are closely related to organic matter. Table 5: Physical and chemical properties and biogenic silica content of surface sediments in the upper and middle reaches of the Yellow River Sample No.
    keywords: biogenic; biogenic silica; content; extraction; river; sediments; silica; yellow
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        item: #5120 of 7527
          id: cet-3507
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 02Revised.doc
        date: 2017-01-18
       words: 3079
      flesch: 57
     summary: It was shown that under suitable SVWC Hippophae rhamnoides had a higher ability to use weak light. Pouyafard N., Akkuzu E., Kaya Ü., 2016, Determination of some physiologic and morphologic changes of young olive (cv ayvalık) trees under different water stress in coastal part of aegean region.
    keywords: hippophae; light; par; plant; rhamnoides; soil; svwc; value; water
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        item: #5121 of 7527
          id: cet-3508
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 02Revised.doc
        date: 2017-01-18
       words: 3617
      flesch: 56
     summary: After above preparation, concrete beam crack would fully extend, thus fatigue test was to be conducted. The maximum bearing capacity of beam was 114.1kN. (2) Constant amplitude fatigue test under corrosive environment: crack pattern and distribution law of corrosion fatigue loading of corrosion fatigue beam C1 and C2 were similar to those of beam B1 and B2.
    keywords: beam; concrete; corrosion; crack; environment; fatigue; maximum; times
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        item: #5122 of 7527
          id: cet-3509
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 02Revised.doc
        date: 2017-01-18
       words: 3091
      flesch: 48
     summary: Table 4: The effect of different years of organic compost mulching on soil organic material in the apple orchard Number Organic material content( 1−⋅ kgg ) 0-20cm 20-40cm CK 22.5 15.1 Y-1 42.3 26.2 Y-2 51.9 25.3 Y-3 64.7 33.7 From the figure in the Table above, it can be seen that, comparing with the contrast group, the organic material content of the other three groups has been increased obviously, and along with the increasing of years, the organic content kept increasing. Soil phosphorus content reflects the storage and supplying ability of the phosphorus in soil, playing a very important role in the respiratory and photosynthesis of the plant.
    keywords: compost; content; effect; mulching; orchard; soil; waste
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        item: #5123 of 7527
          id: cet-351
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 211.docx
        date: 2017-10-04
       words: 3440
      flesch: 50
     summary: Based on the two sets of reaction kinetics and the appropriate thermodynamics, mathematic models of DCH saponification under Ca(OH)2 and NaOH circumstances were built respectively. Secondly, based on the obtained reaction kinetics and the appropriate thermodynamics, the mathematic models of DCH saponification processes under Ca(OH)2 and NaOH circumstances were built respectively.
    keywords: ca(oh)2; case; dch; dehydrochlorination; ech; naoh; process; reaction; saponification
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        item: #5124 of 7527
          id: cet-3510
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 02Revised.doc
        date: 2017-01-18
       words: 2452
      flesch: 48
     summary: This test focuses on the screening and identification of heavy metal zinc adsorption strains in contaminated soil. SPX-250 intelligent biochemical incubator by Ningbo Haishu Saifu Experimental Instrument Plant; electronic balance (Adventurer) by Ohaus USA; benchtop by Suzhou Antai Airtech Co., Ltd; BC/BD-325 cryogenic refrigerator by Haier; benchtop by Sanyo; optical microscope by Nikon; 4°C refrigerator (MDF-382E) by Sanyo; 752-type ultraviolet and visible spectrophotometer by Spectrum Shanghai; TGL-16M high-speed centrifuge by Hunan Saitexiang Instrument Company; Eppendorf RS-311 micropipette by Shanghai Kenqiang Instrument Co., Ltd. DOI: 10.3303/CET1655065 Please cite this article as: Yang Z., 2016, Selection of heavy metal zinc adsorption strains in contaminated soil, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 55, 385-390 DOI:10.3303/CET1655065 385 2.2 The collection of soil samples
    keywords: adsorption; ivory; medium; soil; strains; test; zinc
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        item: #5125 of 7527
          id: cet-3511
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 02Revised.doc
        date: 2017-01-18
       words: 3027
      flesch: 41
     summary: Introduction The erosion deterioration of concrete sulphate involves three associated processes of the transmission of erosion ion in concrete pore system, the chemical reaction of erosion ion and cement hydration products or seed out of erosion matter and expansible erosion products causing destroy on concrete structure (manifest as expanding, cracking, peeling off and loss of strength), therefore, it’s a very complicated physical, chemical and mechanics changing process (Hernández et al., 2015; Liu et al, 2015; Zega et al., 2016; Zhang 2015; Zhang et al., 2016). In the short time, the combined action of double factors from chloride ion with sulfate ion changed the change law of single factor action from chloride ion or sulfate ion, in the combined action of double factors, there didn’t appear the simple superposition of erosion effect concrete, while there appear drag effects each other in short time.
    keywords: action; chloride; concrete; erosion; factors; sulfate; test; time; water
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        item: #5126 of 7527
          id: cet-3512
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 02Revised.doc
        date: 2017-01-18
       words: 3703
      flesch: 54
     summary: miyonggang2006@163.com The purpose of this paper is to research on the mechanical properties of steel fiber reinforced rubber concrete in this paper. It is found that only by emphasizing the selection of tire and rubber particles as well as fabrication and application of rubber concrete can the quality of construction engineering be improved to the highest extent, based on the concept and characteristics of rubber concrete and combining them with the status of their applications in building construction.
    keywords: concrete; construction; crc; materials; particles; performance; powder; properties; rubber
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        item: #5127 of 7527
          id: cet-3513
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 02Revised.doc
        date: 2017-01-18
       words: 2933
      flesch: 54
     summary: Through the analysis of the semi-floating bearing structure, rotor dynamic analysis of small vehicle gasoline engine turbocharger have been done, including the calculation and analysis of critical speed and unbalance response. Conclusions Through the analysis of the semi-floating bearing structure, rotor dynamic analysis of small vehicle gasoline engine turbocharger have been done, including the calculation and analysis of critical speed and unbalance response.
    keywords: analysis; bearing; impeller; rotor; shaft; speed; turbocharger
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        item: #5128 of 7527
          id: cet-3514
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 02Revised.doc
        date: 2017-01-18
       words: 3063
      flesch: 48
     summary: Mechanical transmission through the existing common test specification preliminary study, based on our company produces transmission structure and, combined with specific requests made by OEMs and the introduction of new technology-related provisions drawn up by test transmission of the test specifications, as the Transmission bench test method. The test platform modular structure design, full use of test bed on the floor, electrical sensors, clamps and other resources, through a combination of different forms of evolution can be achieved in the same test bed for different types of test transmission of the performance test.
    keywords: automobile; j j; performance; test; transmission
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        item: #5129 of 7527
          id: cet-3515
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 02Revised.doc
        date: 2017-01-18
       words: 4362
      flesch: 54
     summary: Salinity in irrigation water accumulates in the root zone of the soil profile continuously, and had interactions with soil absorbent complex, which lead to soil salinization and alkalization. The effects of two kinds of irrigation water on the horizontal drainage quality and soil of soda-alkali soil paddy field were compared with each other so as to provide theoretical basis for the irrigation management system of western paddy field.
    keywords: alkalinity; drainage; gypsum; irrigation; salinity; soil; water
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        item: #5130 of 7527
          id: cet-3516
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 02Revised.doc
        date: 2017-01-18
       words: 3339
      flesch: 41
     summary: And the improved testing device of autogenous shrinkage was used to test early autogenous shrinkage of UFA concrete. From the above the truth, it was proved that the inner early self-desiccation effect of cement-based materials and early autogenous shrinkage of concrete had good correlation.
    keywords: ash; cement; concrete; cracking; deformation; shrinkage; test; ufa; water
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        item: #5131 of 7527
          id: cet-3517
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 02Revised.doc
        date: 2017-01-18
       words: 3542
      flesch: 42
     summary: Experiment 2.1 Grey relational analysis method Because of the complexity of dispersedsoil itself and the uncertainty of the relationship between each index and cohesive soil dispersion, the paper selects grey correlation analysis method in the grey system theory as the analysis method forthe association degree between quantitative evaluation chemical properties index and cohesive soil dispersion. It explores the relationship between Sodium ions and cohesive soil dispersion, respectively using the pinhole test and the piece test to carry out dispersion identification.
    keywords: analysis; chemical; dispersion; grey; ions; samples; sodium; soil; test
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        item: #5132 of 7527
          id: cet-3518
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 02Revised.doc
        date: 2017-01-18
       words: 4072
      flesch: 55
     summary: Under the direction of the dynamics of the regional stability theory sparkplugged by Professor Peng Jian-bing, based on the previous researches about ground fissures, combining with analysis of the results of the reconnaissance of the active faults in Xi’an city and other geophysical data, the dynamical background of the forming of Xi’an ground fissures is studied systematically, and the regional unsterilized dynamical model of the forming of Xi’an ground fissures is put forward finally. 434 On the whole, in the formation of ground fissures in Xi’an city, tectonic factor is dominant, so ground fissures in Xi’an city are essentially tectonic ground fissures.
    keywords: city; crack; fissures; ground; ground fissures; model; xi’an
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        item: #5133 of 7527
          id: cet-3519
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 02Revised.doc
        date: 2017-01-18
       words: 2712
      flesch: 43
     summary: Practice had proved that a reasonable distribution of concrete hydration heat was also very important to temperature rise control of concrete. 4. Conclusion The third generation of high-performance polycarboxylate water reduce CPA represents the development direction of concrete admixture, is multi-functional concrete admixture combined large water reduction, high slump loss resistant, high strength, high resistance to cracking and high durability, with the performance that naphthalene series water reducer can’t go beyond.
    keywords: concrete; effect; heat; hydration; polycarboxylate; reducer; resistance; water
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        item: #5134 of 7527
          id: cet-352
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 211.docx
        date: 2017-10-04
       words: 2728
      flesch: 47
     summary: NaCl (kg/m3) pH Temperature (K) 1 550 20 1.8 7.1 302 2 363 460 2.5 7.5 303 3 220 325 1.7 6.8 297 4 425 150 2.5 7.0 300 5 45 15 3.5 8.5 315 6(freshwater) variable 0 0 7.0 298 Sinks Maximum inlet concentration Allowed inlet range 1 765 15 2.5 6.3 - 7.7 293 - 312 2 276 36 2.6 6.7 - 8.0 296 - 315 3 578 45 2.7 6.6 - 7.4 294 - 308 4(wastewater) variable 1 2.0 6.8 - 8.0 293 - 308 Figure 3: Optimal water network for scenario 3 of the Case 1. variable 1 2.0 6.8 - 8.0 293 -308 Figure 4: Optimal water network for scenario 3 of the Case 2. Table 4: Optimal Results of Water Network for the Case 2 Case 1 Freshwater (m3/y)
    keywords: case; chemical; coal; cost; network; treatment; wastewater
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        item: #5135 of 7527
          id: cet-3520
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 02Revised.doc
        date: 2017-01-18
       words: 3433
      flesch: 42
     summary: The risk of chemical reaction (5) chemical reaction heat (6) chemical activity Intrinsic safety indexes of technological conditions (7) process temperature (8) process pressure (9) storage 2.4 The evaluation index weight calculation of chemical process risk based on intrinsic safety Expert analysis, evaluation and AHP is used to calculate the evaluation index weight of chemical process risk based on intrinsic safety, the detailed calculation results are shown in table 2-table 6 Table 2: The first-level index weight of chemical process risk evaluation Target Chemical process risk evaluation based on intrinsic safety The largest eigenvalue Consistency ratio First-level indexes Intrinsic safety indexes of chemical substance Intrinsic safety indexes of technological conditions weight Intrinsic safety indexes of chemical substance 1 1 0.5 2.0000 0.0000 Intrinsic safety indexes of technological conditions 1 1 0.5 Table 3: The second-level index weight of chemical process risk evaluation First-level indexes Intrinsic safety indexes of chemical substance The largest eigenvalue Consistency ratio Second-level indexes The risk of chemical substance The risk of chemical reaction weight (4) Feasibility principle In the process of selecting chemical process risk evaluation indexes, the quantitative analysis index should be chosen as much as possible, namely, all the selected indexes could be measured or judged according to the known data.
    keywords: chemical; chemical process; evaluation; indexes; level; process; risk; safety
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        item: #5136 of 7527
          id: cet-3521
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 02Revised.doc
        date: 2017-01-18
       words: 3724
      flesch: 52
     summary: Based on the DEA model with pollution output considered and the related data of construction industry from 2008 to 2013, we measured the eco-efficiency, economic efficiency and environmental efficiency of construction industry in each region and tested the correlation of these three kinds of efficiency. The results show the highest efficiency of construction industry is eco-efficiency, followed by economic efficiency and environmental efficiency, and there is much room for the improvement of environmental efficiency.
    keywords: construction; construction industry; eco; efficiency; emission; environmental; industry
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        item: #5137 of 7527
          id: cet-3522
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 02Revised.doc
        date: 2017-01-18
       words: 2102
      flesch: 37
     summary: Conclusions and prospect Based on the security detection and alarm system application, it combined with the current management situation of petrochemical factory, designs a set of security monitoring and alarm system of petrochemical plants, including plant security detection node, portable handheld terminal, PC upper computer and GPRS remote terminal four parts. Reference Bai Z., 2003, Application status and development trend of fire monitoring system in intelligent building, Safety & Security Technology, 2, 24-26.
    keywords: monitoring; node; plant; safety; system; terminal
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        item: #5138 of 7527
          id: cet-3523
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 02Revised.doc
        date: 2017-01-18
       words: 2947
      flesch: 35
     summary: Combined with the actual requirements of the construction of the logistics network of the chemical hazardous goods, sort out the qualitative factors evaluation criteria, design model of chemical hazardous goods logistics network logistics enterprises, to provide support for the possibility of future logistics network construction of hazardous chemical, which has certain practical significance. 2.2 Study on the construction of logistics network of chemical hazardous goods The purpose of logistics network construction is: to build the logistics network taking pursuing the minimum logistics cost and the maximum customer satisfaction as the starting point, and from the angle of integrating the existing logistics resources.
    keywords: center; chemical; construction; goods; hazardous; logistics; logistics center; logistics network; network
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        item: #5139 of 7527
          id: cet-3524
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 02Revised.doc
        date: 2017-01-18
       words: 3398
      flesch: 49
     summary: (2) The livestock wastewater containing high nitrogen in chicken manure can be treated by anaerobic digestion and resource utilization. Chicken manure and corn stalks are used as compost raw materials.
    keywords: chicken; fermentation; livestock; manure; nitrogen; pollution; poultry; sampling; total; water
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        item: #5140 of 7527
          id: cet-3525
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 02Revised.doc
        date: 2017-01-18
       words: 3403
      flesch: 29
     summary: Therefore, we must proceed from China's specific conditions, according to the national production safety regulations and relevant technical standards, take a serious and responsible spirit, make the road transport of hazardous chemicals safety evaluation comprehensively, carefully and deeply, and adhere to the principle of the policy nature, scientific nature, systematic nature, operability, and highlighting. From the scientific research achievements at home and abroad, through the statistics and analysis of the road transportation accidents of hazardous chemicals in the domestic industry, this paper summarizes and establishes the safety evaluation system of hazardous chemicals road transport, makes use of combination weighting method of entropy value method and expert method to obtain the weights of each index in the index system, adopts comprehensive index method to establish the road transport of hazardous chemicals safety evaluation model, and applied to the road transportation safety evaluation of hazardous chemicals in Liaoning province.
    keywords: chemicals; evaluation; evaluation index; index; road; safety; system; transport
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        item: #5141 of 7527
          id: cet-3526
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 02Revised.doc
        date: 2017-01-18
       words: 2799
      flesch: 42
     summary: In this paper, uses the ARM processor-Linux system as the core, combined with GPRS DOI: 10.3303/CET1655081 Please cite this article as: Xiao J., 2016, Design and realization of embedded system in dangerous chemical warehouse monitoring system, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 55, 481-486 DOI:10.3303/CET1655081 481 technology, modern sensor technology and voice chip to achieve embedded remote monitoring system, furthermore to achieve remote monitoring and dangerous alarm for the scattered dangerous chemical warehouse (Edwards et al., 2002). 2. Brief introduction of ARM-Linux in embedded system Embedded system regards application as the center, based on computer technology, adapts to specific application systems, it is a dedicated computer system which has strict requirements of function, reliability, cost, size, power consumption(Ravi et al., 2004).
    keywords: alarm; ammonia; chemical; data; design; monitoring; reservoir; system; voice
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        item: #5142 of 7527
          id: cet-3527
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 02Revised.doc
        date: 2017-01-18
       words: 3162
      flesch: 41
     summary: See Table 1. Table 1: Qingshui River water quality evaluation system Target layer Criteria layer Indicator level Comprehensive index of Qingshui water quality index COD influencing factors (B1) Gradient of river water temperature C₁ Living pollution C2 Initial rainwater inclusions along the coastal pollutant content C3 Reduced suspended matter content C4 Decomposition of microorganisms in water C5 NH3-N influencing factors(B2) Using the analytic hierarchy process to establish the evaluation index system of water quality and safety, and using the rigor of logic and the comparison of the two factors to calculate and analyze the weight of each influencing factor, and then evaluate the main influencing factors of Qingshui River water quality.
    keywords: factors; layer; matrix; qingshui; qingshui river; quality; river; table; water; water quality
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        item: #5143 of 7527
          id: cet-3528
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 3debree.docx
        date: 2016-09-13
       words: 3413
      flesch: 52
     summary: This acceptable odour nuisance level is depending on many factors, of which the most important are: - The level of odour exposure, expressed in the odour concentration that occurs during a certain period of time; - The pleasantness of the odour expressed in the hedonic tune of the odour. This health effect screening (Fast et al, 2012) predicts the environmental health quality for odour exposure in a residential area on the basis of odour exposure expressed in the hedonic tune.
    keywords: companies; exposure; level; nuisance; odour; policy
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        item: #5144 of 7527
          id: cet-3529
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 3debree.docx
        date: 2016-09-13
       words: 2525
      flesch: 48
     summary: In addition, separation distances are also determined for an odour threshold of 0.25 (factor 4) of the German TA Luft (Technical Guideline for Clean Air) uniquely applied over all stability conditions and distances. Separation distances are determined for two odour impact criteria, namely exceedence probabilities of 3 and 8 %, each in combination with the odour threshold of 1 ouE/m 3.
    keywords: aodm; distances; lasat; odour; peak; separation; stability
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        item: #5145 of 7527
          id: cet-353
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 211.docx
        date: 2017-10-04
       words: 3255
      flesch: 54
     summary: References Altaee A., Hilal N., 2016, Dual stage PRO power generation from brackish water brine and wastewater effluent feeds, Desalination, 389, 68-77. In comparison with Figure 3a, the optimal qd of the multi-stage PRO process shown in Figure 3b is relatively less affected by the variation of r. However, in the high γ mode, multi-stage PRO shows a greater strength in improving the qd.
    keywords: pro; process; stage;  
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        item: #5146 of 7527
          id: cet-3530
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 3debree.docx
        date: 2016-09-13
       words: 3002
      flesch: 46
     summary: This with respect to default acceptable risk values especially for the cumulative carcinogenic risk for all actual and potential carcinogenic contaminants when the carcinogenic risk exceeds 10-5. For this MSW incinerator plant samples a minimum dilution value should be set at least to 73 for the commercial and to 24 for the institutional laboratory in order to guarantee a safe occupational level for panellists. The plant is equipped with a pollutant's automated measuring system (AMS) to assess the compliance with the emission limit values, but not to measure odour emissions.
    keywords: assessment; carcinogenic; emissions; health; laboratory; msw; odour; risk; study; values
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        item: #5147 of 7527
          id: cet-3531
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 3debree.docx
        date: 2016-09-13
       words: 2914
      flesch: 43
     summary: The goal of this legislative instrument is “to define a common approach intended to avoid, prevent or reduce on a prioritized basis the harmful effects, including annoyance, due to exposure to environmental noise”. According these, the aim of the present research is to provide a brief review of the most used European strategies in noise action plans end try to extend their approaches for the definition of a nuisance action plan, able to control both odour and noise.
    keywords: action; areas; land; noise; nuisance; odour; plan; sensitivity
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        item: #5148 of 7527
          id: cet-3532
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 3debree.docx
        date: 2016-09-13
       words: 4016
      flesch: 54
     summary: Since analytical results of trip blanks and method blanks in odour emission research are lacking, the present data cannot be further refined. Standard combinations of sources and sampling methods are summarized in Table 2.
    keywords: blanks; field; field blanks; lung; method; odour; sampling; sources
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        item: #5149 of 7527
          id: cet-3533
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 3debree.docx
        date: 2016-09-13
       words: 3062
      flesch: 53
     summary: Introduction The sampling of odour emissions and the stability of odour in different sampling bags has already been studied (e.g. van Harreveld, 2003; Zarra et al., 2012; McGinley et al., 2012) based on olfactometry. Watson (2016) listed the advantages and disadvantages of tube sampling and canister sampling, indicating that they can offer complementary technology for sampling.
    keywords: mercaptan; propyl; results; sampling; stability; steel; tubes
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        item: #5150 of 7527
          id: cet-3534
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 3debree.docx
        date: 2016-09-13
       words: 3643
      flesch: 54
     summary: The determination of sulfur compounds in environmental samples is difficult due to their low concentrations in ambient air. Consequently, Tenax is often preferred against other sorbents for sulfur compound active and passive sampling in research works (Schiffman et al., 2001; Gallego et al., 2012) but also in surveys carried out by engineering offices.
    keywords: air; compounds; humidity; rscs; sampling; sulfur; tenax
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        item: #5151 of 7527
          id: cet-3535
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 3debree.docx
        date: 2016-09-13
       words: 3246
      flesch: 52
     summary: The basis of this method is the DOI: 10.3303/CET1654008 Please cite this article as: Fisher R., Barczak R., Alvarez Gaitan J.P., Stuetz R., 2016, Comparing static headspace and dynamic flux hood measurements of biosolids odour emissions, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 54, 43-48 DOI: 10.3303/CET1654008 43 production of emissions from a nitrogen sweep applied to the biosolids surface simulating the effect of air movement stripping emissions from the biosolids pile surface. Emissions samples were taken on the day of sample delivery, as well as days 3, 7, and 14 with the samples stored in large plastic containers in ambient conditions between measurements.
    keywords: biosolids; concentrations; dfh; emissions; headspace; method; odour; samples
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        item: #5152 of 7527
          id: cet-3536
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 3debree.docx
        date: 2016-09-13
       words: 3459
      flesch: 53
     summary: + (4) Figure 1: Example of sensor response along a heating power cycle (left). 3.4 Sensor drift For the short term drift, sensor responses were evaluated at 0, 60 and 90 ppb of O3 on three consecutive days, each of them being separated by a period of time between 12 and 36 hours.
    keywords: calibration; humidity; ozone; power; ppb; response; sensor; temperature
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        item: #5153 of 7527
          id: cet-3537
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 3debree.docx
        date: 2016-09-13
       words: 4026
      flesch: 51
     summary: Three different kinds of area sources can be distinguished, i.e. liquid passive area sources, solid passive area sources, and landfill surfaces. Solid passive area sources are typically represented by contaminated soils.
    keywords: area; area sources; emission; landfill; odour; sampling; sources
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        item: #5154 of 7527
          id: cet-3538
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 3debree.docx
        date: 2016-09-13
       words: 2142
      flesch: 47
     summary: The long-term objective is that authorities could use this curve to translate eNose signals measured in the field into indicative values for restaurant related odour concentrations. The long-term objective is that authorities can use this curve to translate eNose signals into indicative values for restaurant related odour concentrations.
    keywords: enose; level; monitoring; odour; readings; restaurants
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        item: #5155 of 7527
          id: cet-3539
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 3debree.docx
        date: 2016-09-13
       words: 2711
      flesch: 53
     summary: To summarize and compare all these results, table 6 gives the relative errors on odor concentration ( ) obtained using measured ( ) or calculated chemical concentrations ( ) and odor detection thresholds from literature ( ) or measured in our laboratory ( ). Table 6: Relative error on odor concentration prediction - 0.829 - 0.587 - 0.519 + 0.523 Examination of this table shows that the most distant results of the value measured by olfactometry are those obtained with the geometric mean of odor detection thresholds from literature and the values of the chemical concentrations evaluated on the basis of GC / MS analysis (underestimation of 83%).
    keywords: chemical; compounds; concentration; detection; mixture; odor; table; thresholds; value
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        item: #5156 of 7527
          id: cet-354
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 211.docx
        date: 2017-10-04
       words: 2964
      flesch: 44
     summary: The structure of process simulation software One CPSS has several separated common modules, which makes the possibility of interface standards. DOI: 10.3303/CET1761301 Please cite this article as: Cai Z., Wang J., Chen Y., Xia L., Xiang S., 2017, The development of chemical process simulation software according to cape-open, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 61, 1819-1824 DOI:10.3303/CET1761301 1819 Figure 1: The structure of CPSS 2.1
    keywords: cape; chemical; cpss; open; operation; process; software; thermodynamics; unit
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        item: #5157 of 7527
          id: cet-3540
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 3debree.docx
        date: 2016-09-13
       words: 3377
      flesch: 49
     summary: Odour emission scenarios for fattening pigs as input for dispersion models: A step from an annual mean value to time series. Figure 1 – Spatial domain, odour sources and receptors 2.2 Simulated scenarios
    keywords: concentration; dispersion; emission; impact; landfill; model; odour; point; scenario; source
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        item: #5158 of 7527
          id: cet-3541
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 3debree.docx
        date: 2016-09-13
       words: 2332
      flesch: 45
     summary: The y axis represents time associated with GC separation, the x axis represents IMS drift time and the z axis represents the detector response (related to the amount of each component present). Emissions of VOCs and odours at wastewater treatment plants are a frequent cause of concern due to their general proximity to residential areas.
    keywords: figure; ims; monitoring; odour; sample; wastewater
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        item: #5159 of 7527
          id: cet-3542
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 3debree.docx
        date: 2016-09-13
       words: 2890
      flesch: 45
     summary: In this paper, the relationship between odour concentrations emitted by WWTP assessed by Japanese standard methods and odour concentration measured with dynamic olfactometry according to European standard EN13725:2003 are discussed and compared to the measurement carried out by novel prototip of e.Nose patented by University of Salerno. In this study odour samples were collected on municipal wastewater treatment plant located in south Italy at four different treatment units to determine the relationship between odour intensity assessed by Japanese “triangle odors bag method', odour concentration measured with dynamic olfactometry according to European standard EN13725:2003 and with odour concentration measured by a novel prototype of e.Nose patented by University of Salerno.
    keywords: concentration; engineering; measurement; methods; odour; olfactometry
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        item: #5160 of 7527
          id: cet-3543
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 3debree.docx
        date: 2016-09-13
       words: 2953
      flesch: 42
     summary: Specific Odour Emission Factors (SOEFs) for the organic fraction waste storage unit are also proposed as an activity index, adopting specific characteristic parameters of the unit, identified through correlation studies with odour emissions. Figure 1 – Flow-chart of the AATP of Salerno 2.2 Monitoring program Six sources, representative of the treatment units of the AATP with the highest tendency to odour emissions, were investigated during the monitoring program: S1, OFSW (organic waste receiving); S2, green waste (structuring material storage); S3I, S3II and S3III, biofilters respectively treated the exhausted air collected from the waste receiving shed and the biocells (ACT) (Biofilter 1), from the first curing shed (Biofilter 2), as well as from the second curing shed (Biofilter 3); S4, compost (final product storage).
    keywords: activity; emissions; index; odour; ofsw; plant; treatment; waste
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        item: #5161 of 7527
          id: cet-3544
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 3debree.docx
        date: 2016-09-13
       words: 3051
      flesch: 60
     summary: For a more sophisticated conversion of the concentrations of odorous substances into odour concentrations, we use not only the odour threshold concentration but also the slope of the relationship between odour concentration and odour intensity. The conversion methods which are used to transform the concentration into odour concentration or odour intensity are presented and evaluated by olfactometric measurements.
    keywords: concentration; intensity; m-3; mixture; odour; odour concentration; substances
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        item: #5162 of 7527
          id: cet-3545
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 3debree.docx
        date: 2016-09-13
       words: 3070
      flesch: 61
     summary: Air samples were analyzed using classical methods like GC-MS and new approaches like GC-IMS to determine the source of the odour contamination of a conference room. From left to right: 13 markers of room sample and 21 markers of floor samples.
    keywords: air; floor; odour; room; sample; sniffing; substances
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        item: #5163 of 7527
          id: cet-3546
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 3debree.docx
        date: 2016-09-13
       words: 3266
      flesch: 57
     summary: Thus, the drag/friction velocity formulations established for the ocean do not necessarily apply to liquid surfaces encountered at WWTP. Empirical expression in-built in the WATER9 model to estimate friction velocity over liquid surface in WWTPs Nearly all expressions used to determine and include ∗, therefore a good estimate of this parameter is essential to calculate the emission rate.
    keywords: emission; liquid; mass; s-1; surface; transfer; wind
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        item: #5164 of 7527
          id: cet-3547
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 3debree.docx
        date: 2016-09-13
       words: 2774
      flesch: 36
     summary: References Barona A., Elias A., Arias R., Acha E., Cano I., 2007, Desorption and biolfiltration for the treatment of residual organic gases evolved in soil decontamination processes, Chemical Engineering Technology, 30 (11), 1499–1505 El-Naas M.H., Acio A.J., El Telib A.E., 2014, Aerobic biodegradation of BTEX: Progresses and Prospects, Journal of Environmental Chemistry, Eng. 2, 1114-1122 Lebrero R., Rodriguez E., Martin M., Garcia-Encina P.A., Munoz R., 2010, H2S and VOCs abatement robustness in biofilters and air diffusion bioreactor: a comparative study, Water Resource 44, 3905–3914 Littlejohns J.V., Daugulis A.J., 2008, Kinetics and interactions of BTEX compounds during degradation by a bacterial Consortium, Process Biochemistry, 43, 1068–1076 Lu C., Lin M., Chu C., 2002, Effects of pH, moisture, and flow pattern on trickle-bed air biofilter performance for BTEX removal, Advances in Environmental Research, 6, 99-106 Muñoz R., Souza T.S.O., Glittmann L., Pérez R., Guillermo G., 2013, Biological Anoxic Treatment of O2-Free VOC Emissions From The Petrochemical Industry: A Proof Of Concept Study, Journal of Hazardous Material, 260, 442-450 Rahul, Mathur A.K., Balomajumder C., 2013, Biological treatment and modelling aspect of BTEX abatement process in a biofilter, Bioresource Technology, 142, 9-17 Robledo-Ortiz J.R., Ramirez-Arreola D.E., Perez-Fonseca A.A., Gomez C., Gonzalez-Reynoso O., Ramos- Quirarte J., Gonzalez-Nunez R., 2011, Benzene, toluene, and o-xylene degradation by free and immobilized P. putida F1 of postconsumer agave-fiber/polymer foamed composites, International Biodeterioration & Biodegradation, 65, 539– 546. A supplementary analysis for the identification of the trace level toxic metabolites accumulated in the cultivation broth under the different BTEX mixtures should be conducted in order to further understand the inhibition of BTEX biodegradation.
    keywords: anoxic; benzene; biodegradation; btex; conditions; degradation; m-3
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        item: #5165 of 7527
          id: cet-3548
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 3debree.docx
        date: 2016-09-13
       words: 2916
      flesch: 45
     summary: The most abundant species in the aromatic refining emissions were toluene (33%), m,p-xylene(16%), and benzene(7%).As expected, the compositions of these major VOC species were quite similar to those of the raw materials used for aromatic refining. The VOCs emitted from the whole refinery were characteristic by aromatic (43.2%), alkane (27.7%), halonhydrocarbon (21.2%) and oxygenated VOCs(7.3%).
    keywords: aromatic; compounds; olefin; petrochemical; refining; sectors; source; units; vocs; wastewater
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        item: #5166 of 7527
          id: cet-3549
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 3debree.docx
        date: 2016-09-13
       words: 3443
      flesch: 49
     summary: Reference Abdullah, A., Shakaff, A., Adom, A., Zakaria, A., Saad, F., Kamarudin, L., 2012, Chicken Farm Malodour Monitoring Using Portable Electronic Nose System, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 30, 55 – 60. Arshak, K. Moore, E., Lyons, G., Harris, J., Clifford, S., 2004, A review of gas sensors employed in electronic nose applications, Sensor Review, 24 (2), 181-198. Eklov T., Martensson, P., Lundstrom, I, 1997, Enhanced selectivity of MOSFET gas sensors by systematical analysis of transient parameters, Analytica Chimica Acta, 353, 291 – 300. Feature selection, on the other hand, may be achieved by means of filters, wrappers or embedded solutions.
    keywords: ammonia; analysis; concentration; features; gas; nose; sensors; tgs2602; tgs826
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        item: #5167 of 7527
          id: cet-355
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 211.docx
        date: 2017-10-04
       words: 2875
      flesch: 61
     summary: The mathematical models for calculating the energy utilization efficiency of heat exchanger networks (HENs) based on exergy analysis method and entransy analysis method are built, respectively. Exergy analysis method and entransy analysis method of HENs 2.1 Exergy analysis method of HENs Exergy analysis method of HENs is based on the first and second laws of thermodynamics.
    keywords: analysis; efficiency; entransy; exergy; hens; method; t t
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        item: #5168 of 7527
          id: cet-3550
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 3debree.docx
        date: 2016-09-13
       words: 2905
      flesch: 51
     summary: 63 and 54 VOCs were identified in perfume A and B respectively. Figure 1. GC-MS chromatograms of perfume A and B. 5.00 10.00 15.00 20.00 25.00 30.00 0 1e+07 2e+07 3e+07 4e+07 5e+07 6e+07 7e+07 Time--> Abundance TIC: Perfume_FK_DBC.d\ data.ms 5.00 10.00 15.00 20.00 25.00 30.00 0 1e+07 2e+07 3e+07 4e+07 5e+07 6e+07 7e+07 Time--> Abundance TIC: Perfume_FR_DBC.d\ data.ms Perfume A Perfume B 135 Figure 2 shows a slight difference in the concentration of terpenes for perfume A compared to B. Out of a total of 33 terpenes identified in both samples 32 were identified in perfume A and only 22 in perfume B. Terpenes identified only in perfume A were: α-gurjunene, α-bisabolene, α-guaiene, Longifolene, (E)-beta-Famesene, Germacrene D, alloocimene, Linalool, Carveol, 3-Carene and C10H16 terpene.
    keywords: acetate; analysis; chemical; compounds; odours; perfume; sniffing
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        item: #5169 of 7527
          id: cet-3551
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 3debree.docx
        date: 2016-09-13
       words: 3357
      flesch: 36
     summary: 3.1 Theoretical odour concentration 3.1.1 Calculation method of theoretical odour concentration Theoretical odour concentration basing on OAV is a comprehensive odour evaluation index of odour pollution. The gases that totally included 44 samples generated in the methanogenic stage were sampled at different time segments, odour concentration and odorants concentration were analysed to verify the calculation method of theoretical odour concentration.
    keywords: concentration; facilities; indicators; kitchen; method; odorants; odour; pollution; waste
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        item: #5170 of 7527
          id: cet-3552
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 3debree.docx
        date: 2016-09-13
       words: 2383
      flesch: 41
     summary: Among the most widely used diagnostic methods are those based on emission studies by EN-13725 (European Committee for Standardization, 2003) or NCh 3190 (Instituto Nacional de Normalización, 2010); and immission studies based on VDI 3940 (VDI, 2006), which can be complemented by studies of chemical speciation and standardized registration of complaints regulated by VDI 3883 (VDI, 1997). Through standardized registration of complaints (224 residents spread over 7 zones), odour impact studies (11 facilities belonging to 9 companies), and complementary chemical speciation studies (using passive samplers deployed for 11 days in 10 points in the area), it has been determined the degree of nuisance experienced by the resident population, its extent, and its origin.
    keywords: area; impact; nuisance; odour; studies; study
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        item: #5171 of 7527
          id: cet-3553
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 3debree.docx
        date: 2016-09-13
       words: 3000
      flesch: 45
     summary: Despite the fact that, there are several different air emission models focus on WWTP, Toxchem+, Baste and Cinci, none of them consider the dynamic evolution of the odorant compounds, because the model is based on algebraic equations instead of ordinary differential equations (ODE) (Carrera- Chapela et al., 2014). whereas when using EF; however, this does not affect to hydrogen sulfide emissions.
    keywords: air; dynamic; emissions; hydrogen; model; settling; sulfide
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        item: #5172 of 7527
          id: cet-3554
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 3debree.docx
        date: 2016-09-13
       words: 2224
      flesch: 57
     summary: It has several analog to digital converters (A/D) inputs for sensor measurements 158 and several pulse width modulation (PWM) outputs for sensor heating. Although not as sensitive nor selective of the above methods chemical sensors are a good alternative due to their rapid response time and low cost.
    keywords: network; node; nose; sensors; water
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        item: #5173 of 7527
          id: cet-3555
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 3debree.docx
        date: 2016-09-13
       words: 2783
      flesch: 53
     summary: The last of these is the best known organic agent used to impregnate wooden railway sleepers (95% wooden railway sleepers impregnated in 2010.). The last of these compounds is one of the best known and most used of the organic compounds for the saturation of wooden railway sleepers - 95% of impregnated wooden sleepers in 2010.
    keywords: creosote; odour; oil; olfactometers; parking; railway; sleepers; station
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        item: #5174 of 7527
          id: cet-3556
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 3debree.docx
        date: 2016-09-13
       words: 4229
      flesch: 47
     summary: To date, Colombia is the only country in South America with a regulatory approach on maximum impact criteria (immission protection) defined by time series of ambient air odour concentrations calculated by dispersion models, besides having odour standards homologated. For this purpose, odour impact criteria (OIC) are formed by an odour concentration threshold and an accepted probability of exceedance of this concentration (i.e., percentile) to define compliance.
    keywords: air; chile; concentration; control; criteria; dispersion; environmental; impact; odour; quality; resolution; standards
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        item: #5175 of 7527
          id: cet-3557
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 3debree.docx
        date: 2016-09-13
       words: 4170
      flesch: 49
     summary: For every single case, a good evaluation has to be made which odour measurement tool is best used, depending on the situation, the complexity of the source and the questions to be answered. In the CEN commission, this method was drafted to the so- called dynamic plume method, now described in the European pre-standard prEN16841-2.
    keywords: emission; impact; measurement; method; odour; plume; source; standard; van
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        item: #5176 of 7527
          id: cet-3558
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 3debree.docx
        date: 2016-09-13
       words: 3030
      flesch: 53
     summary: The exposure values according to GIRL are odour hours expressed as relative odour hour frequency. We will provide a discussion on the influence of odours of different sources and different characters occurring in the same period of time (odour hour) and the attempt to relate this to the effects on the citizens.
    keywords: areas; field; frequency; gmbh; grid; hour; measurement; odour; points
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        item: #5177 of 7527
          id: cet-3559
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 3debree.docx
        date: 2016-10-04
       words: 2560
      flesch: 53
     summary: 2 survey dates per farm, 20 survey days in summer half-year, in each case, 3 inspection rounds per farm with exercise yard soiled (i.e. “with exercise yard”) and 3 inspection rounds with covered exercise yard (i.e. “without exercise yard”), assessors at 30-145 m distance from the farm 13 survey days, 3 inspection rounds per day Assessors at 15-70 m distance from the test area 2.2 Odour-plume inspections Odour-plume inspections to determine the odour impact were conducted in summer half-year in each case on the test area and on each cattle farm (Table 1). The use of exercise yards in addition to the loose house usually causes an expansion in the soiled and hence emission-active areas.
    keywords: area; cattle; exercise; odour; wind; yard
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        item: #5178 of 7527
          id: cet-356
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 211.docx
        date: 2017-10-04
       words: 3483
      flesch: 49
     summary: The reduction kinetics were limited by the Cr(VI) reduction capacity of the cells and the toxicity of Cr(VI) to the cell such that Cr(VI) reduction could be represented by the modified Michaelis-Menten kinetic                 c o o c oCCr mc R CC X CKK Ck dt dC 1 (1) (a) (b) 1833 where C = Cr(VI) concentration (ML-3) at any time t (T), kmc = maximum specific Cr(VI) reduction rate coefficient (T-1), The Cr(VI) meas, C2 Cr(VI) meas, C1 Cr 6+ model fit X a model fit X a , g/m 3 Distance, cm 0 15 30 45 60 75 90 C r( V I) c o n c e n tr a ti o n , m g /L 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 V ia b le c e ll c o n c ., X a , g /m 3 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 Distance, cm 0 15 30 45 60 75 90 C r( V I) c o n c e n tr a ti o n , m g /L 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 V ia b le c e ll c o n c ., X a , g /m 3 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 Cr(VI) meas, C3 Distance, cm 0 15 30 45 60 75 90 C r( V I) c o n c e n tr a ti o n , m g /L 0 10 20 30 40 50 V ia b le c e ll c o n c ., X a , g /m 3 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 Cr(VI) meas, C2 Cr(VI) meas, C1 Cr 6+ model fit X a model fit X a , g/m 3 Distance, cm 0 15 30 45 60 75 90 C r( V I) c o n c e n tr a ti o n , m g /L 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 V ia b le c e ll c o n c ., X a , g /m 3 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 Distance, cm 0 15 30 45 60 75 90 C r( V I) c o n c e n tr a ti o n , m g /L 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 V ia b le c e ll c o n c ., X a , g /m 3 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 Cr(VI) meas, C3 Distance, cm 0 15 30 45 60 75 90 C r( V I) c o n c e n tr a ti o n , m g /L 0 10 20 30 40 50 V ia b le c e ll c o n c ., X a , g /m 3 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 Cr(VI) meas, C2 Cr(VI) meas, C1 Cr 6+ model fit X a model fit X a , g/m 3 Distance, cm 0 15 30 45 60 75 90 C r( V I) c o n c e n tr a ti o n , m g /L 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 V ia b le c e ll c o n c ., X a , g /m 3 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 Distance, cm 0 15 30 45 60 75 90 C r( V I) c o n c e n tr a ti o n , m g /L 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 V ia b le c e ll c o n c ., X a , g /m 3 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 Cr(VI) meas, C3 Distance, cm 0 15 30 45 60 75 90 C r( V I) c o n c e n tr a ti o n , m g /L 0 10 20 30 40 50 V ia b le c e ll c o n c ., X a , g /m 3 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 (a) (b) A b s o rb a n c e % A b s o rb a n c e % 100 100 HA HOM TOM HA HOM TOM (a) (c) (b) 1835 microbial composition distribution was not lost after operation of the columns for 45 d without re-inoculation of the columns during operation.
    keywords: c e; c o; cr(vi; e n; n c; o n; reduction
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        item: #5179 of 7527
          id: cet-3560
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 3debree.docx
        date: 2016-09-13
       words: 3424
      flesch: 59
     summary: This means that, in the future, time resolved odour emission rates will constitute a necessary prerequisite to calculate reliable separation distances. In the future, time resolved odour emission rates will constitute a necessary prerequisite to model reliable separation distances.
    keywords: distances; emission; odour; rate; schauberger; separation
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        item: #5180 of 7527
          id: cet-3561
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 3debree.docx
        date: 2016-09-13
       words: 3387
      flesch: 54
     summary: An olfactometric assessment is the most adequate method to know which is the best BAT to control odour emissions in a rendering plant with problems of odour impacts. With these data, the plant began to program production delays and to redirect the production to hours with no prevision of odour impact.
    keywords: hours; impact; incidents; model; odour; plant; prolor; results
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        item: #5181 of 7527
          id: cet-3562
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 3debree.docx
        date: 2016-09-13
       words: 3806
      flesch: 55
     summary: 2010, 61, 5, 1267-1278 Capelli, L., Sironi S., Del Rosso R., Centola, 2009 Predicting odour emissions from wastewater treatment plants by means of odour emission factors. Odour emission factors for assessment and prediction of Italian MSW landfills odour impact.
    keywords: area; concentration; emission; environmental; factors; impact; nuisance; odour; tone
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        item: #5182 of 7527
          id: cet-3563
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 3debree.docx
        date: 2016-09-13
       words: 3318
      flesch: 51
     summary: However, sensitivities differences are highlighted and those cross-sensitivities have to be interpreted as beneficial for measurement of complex ambient air using sensor arrays. Low cost sensors are good candidates for this application in particular for assessment of urban air to give, in real time, air quality information to the people living in cities.
    keywords: air; analysers; array; ch4; chemical; concentration; monitoring; nh3; odour; sensors
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        item: #5183 of 7527
          id: cet-3564
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 3debree.docx
        date: 2016-09-13
       words: 2993
      flesch: 59
     summary: Several studies related to the use of gas sensors in wireless sensor networks have been DOI: 10.3303/CET1654037 Please cite this article as: Arroyo P., Lozano J., Suárez J.I., Herrero J.L., Carmona P., 2016, Wireless sensor network for air quality monitoring and control, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 54, 217-222 DOI: 10.3303/CET1654037 217 developed, i.e. a WSN to detect gas leaks (Brunelli and Rossi, 2014), or a device to monitor and prevent possible explosions of gas and coal (Deng and Chen, 2010). They are able to collect information about the existence of gases in air using different types of gas sensors.
    keywords: cloud; data; figure; gas; information; network; nodes; samples; sensor; wireless
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        item: #5184 of 7527
          id: cet-3565
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 3debree.docx
        date: 2016-09-13
       words: 3062
      flesch: 44
     summary: For air pollution studies and especially for odour concentration estimation, the relationship between sensor responses and odour is not obvious. Reference Arshak K., Moore E., Lyons G.M., Harris F., Clifford S., 2004, A review of gas sensors employed in electronic nose application, Sens. Rev. 24, 181–198.
    keywords: air; conditions; gas; measurement; monitoring; nose; odour; response; sensors; signal; time
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        item: #5185 of 7527
          id: cet-3566
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 3debree.docx
        date: 2016-09-13
       words: 3246
      flesch: 51
     summary: In addition, in order to estimate short odor events (minutes) from hourly CALPUFF concentrations peak-to-mean approach was adopted. However, short odor events (less than 1 hour) are also estimated by using the peak-to-mean ratio, Eq.
    keywords: calmet; events; model; odor; peak; prolor; results; system; wind; wrf
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        item: #5186 of 7527
          id: cet-3567
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 3debree.docx
        date: 2016-09-13
       words: 2878
      flesch: 45
     summary: H2S concentrations in drainage conditions and sampling 3.4 Plumes of H2S concentration in industry Through the Figures 4 and 5, it was observed the concentration of H2S on the industry in two conditions. Figure 2: H2S concentrations in normal operation From Figure 2 can be seen the concentration of fugitive emissions, with H2S values at Gasometer reaching 45.4 ppm.
    keywords: chemical; concentration; drain; emissions; h2s; industry; plume; points; ppm
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        item: #5187 of 7527
          id: cet-3568
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 3debree.docx
        date: 2016-09-13
       words: 2268
      flesch: 47
     summary: DOI: 10.3303/CET1654041 Please cite this article as: Cariou S., Fanlo J.L., Stitou Y., Buty D., Samani D., Akiki R., 2016, Application of odems (odorant dispersion and emissions monitoring system) to measure odorous emissions from composting plant, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 54, 241-246 DOI: 10.3303/CET1654041 241 (a) (b) Figure 7: (a) Determination of emission sources by reverse modelling, (b) Dispersion model of NH3 With the calculated pollutant emission fluxes for each source, a dispersion map of each pollutant on the neighbourhood of the composting plant is obtained by using ARIA View 3D® software (Figure 7b).
    keywords: data; dispersion; emissions; figure; france; plant; sensors; system
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        item: #5188 of 7527
          id: cet-3569
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 3debree.docx
        date: 2016-09-13
       words: 3655
      flesch: 44
     summary: In each series has been tagged the background of air polluted with odorants (on the windward side of MBT installation). A brief characterization of the test object The site where the measuring campaigns were conducted is an plant of the mechanical-biological treatment of waste (MBT installation) in Central Poland.
    keywords: air; area; impact; installation; mbt; mbt installation; odour; waste
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        item: #5189 of 7527
          id: cet-357
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 211.docx
        date: 2017-10-04
       words: 3167
      flesch: 57
     summary: Yuan X., Ge Z., Song Z., 2014, Soft sensor model development in multiphase/multimode processes based on Gaussian mixture regression, Chemometrics and Intelligent Laboratory Systems, 138, 97-109. 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 Time(h) B io m as s co nc en tr at io n( g/ L ) measurements predicted value confidence interval Figure 1: Simulation results of GMR model 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 Time(h) B io m as s co nc en tr at io n( g/ L ) fitted analysing values predicted values confidence intervals Figure 2: Simulation results of MPA-GMR model 4.
    keywords: gmr; model; t t
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        item: #5190 of 7527
          id: cet-3570
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 3debree.docx
        date: 2016-09-13
       words: 3257
      flesch: 42
     summary: The estimated value was equal 30 ppb v/v; thanks to the obtained information about the threshold of odour sensing of the odorants mixture, the values of odour concentration of the reference mixtures were estimated and expressed in the units of [ou/m3]. Figure 4 presents a plot of odour concentration of the markers mixture versus the first principal component factor.
    keywords: air; concentration; landfill; measurement; nose; odorants; odour; prototype; values
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        item: #5191 of 7527
          id: cet-3571
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 3debree.docx
        date: 2016-09-13
       words: 2721
      flesch: 50
     summary: The measurement set-up utilized in the investigations with the electronic nose prototype consisted of: a Tedlar bag, a Tecfluid flow meter, the prototype of electronic nose, a suction pump and a PC class computer. Figure 1: Electronic nose of Fast GC-type - HERACLES II.
    keywords: air; ambient; classification; nose; petroleum; plant; prototype; samples
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        item: #5192 of 7527
          id: cet-3572
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 3debree.docx
        date: 2016-09-13
       words: 3097
      flesch: 45
     summary: Literature survey shows that the odorants present in ambient air, emitted from sewage treatment plants often have negative impact on human yielding such symptoms as: headache, vertigo, nausea, problems with DOI: 10.3303/CET1654045 Please cite this article as: Lewkowska P., Bylinski H., Wojnowski W., Dymerski T., Gebicki J., Namiesnik J., 2016, Comparison of the measurement techniques employed for evaluation of ambient air odour quality influenced by operation of industrial sewage treatment plant, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 54, 265-270 DOI: 10.3303/CET1654045 265 concentration and other health hazards (Trincavelli et al. 2009, Capelli et al. 2009). The level of emission of these compounds to the environment varies in time and strongly depends on sewage quality, rate of biological processes occurring in sewage or different technological solutions applied in sewage treatment plant (Naddeo et al. 2012).
    keywords: air; nose; odorants; odour; plant; prototype; samples; sewage; treatment
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        item: #5193 of 7527
          id: cet-3573
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 3debree.docx
        date: 2016-09-13
       words: 1988
      flesch: 53
     summary: An integrated method for palm oil mill effluent (POME) treatment for achieving zero liquid discharge – A pilot study. Identifying the impact of odor from palm oil mills to the surrounding community remains a challenge and one where the potential of field olfactometry and odor characterization has not been explored.
    keywords: mill; odor; oil; palm
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        item: #5194 of 7527
          id: cet-3574
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 3debree.docx
        date: 2016-09-13
       words: 2417
      flesch: 47
     summary: 3. Conclusions AC systems for odour removal in sewer networks have been designed to remove the major odorant, hydrogen sulfide (Perez et al., 2010). It is recommended that AC units for odour removal of sewer gases should be designed and provided to remove all known significant odorants, and that the design should cater for generated byproducts from the adsorption process.
    keywords: carbon; dimethyl; disulfide; odour; removal; sewer; sulfide; systems
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        item: #5195 of 7527
          id: cet-3575
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 3debree.docx
        date: 2016-09-13
       words: 1952
      flesch: 57
     summary: VDI 3940 guideline does not consider the measurement of odour concentration within the assessed area, therefore the utilization of the field olfactometer was a significant contribution for odour impact assessment. To assess field odour concentrations at grid points, SM100i portable olfactometers DOI: 10.3303/CET1654048 Please cite this article as: Bakhtari A., Medina S., 2016, Enhancing vdi3940 grid method via in-field olfactometry to obtain complete odour impact assessment, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 54, 283-288 DOI: 10.3303/CET1654048 283 were used by 2 panel members.
    keywords: assessor; concentration; figure; impact; odour; vdi
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        item: #5196 of 7527
          id: cet-3576
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 3debree.docx
        date: 2016-09-13
       words: 3608
      flesch: 46
     summary: The simulated waste gas consisted of a N2 gas stream containing 1 ± 0.1 % of O2 and 3377 ± 312 ppmv of N2O at the inlet of the BCR and 1 ± 0.1 % of O2 with N2O concentration of 3617 ± 342 ppmv at the inlet of the ALR. Bubble column (BCR) and internal loop airlift (ALR) bioreactors have been consistently proven as low cost alternative technologies for N2O abatement.
    keywords: abatement; acid; airlift; alr; bcr; concentrations; doi; gas; n2o; nitric
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        item: #5197 of 7527
          id: cet-3577
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 3debree.docx
        date: 2016-09-13
       words: 4089
      flesch: 47
     summary: These three sectors account for about 90% of biogas plants in France (SINOE waste, 2015). Then, the 2D model may be supplemented by a 3D simulation, especially when biogas plants will be located in hilly areas.
    keywords: anaerobic; biogas; biological; chemical; digestate; digestion; emissions; health; production; storage; treatment; waste
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        item: #5198 of 7527
          id: cet-3578
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 3debree.docx
        date: 2016-09-13
       words: 3378
      flesch: 53
     summary: Although A. aminovorans shows higher TMA specific consumption rate than Hyphomicrobium, its biomass yield value (0.1 g g-1) indicates that in the case of A. aminovorans the carbon from TMA was metabolized to other products like carbon dioxide, formaldehyde or formate in detriment of biomass production. Although A. aminovorans shows higher TMA specific consumption rate than Hyphomicrobium, its yield in biomass value (0.1 g g-1) indicates that in the case of A. aminovorans the carbon from TMA can be metabolized to carbon dioxide, in detriment of biomass production, according to the reports found in literature.
    keywords: aminovorans; h2s; hyphomicrobium; rate; tma; trimethylamine
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        item: #5199 of 7527
          id: cet-3579
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 3debree.docx
        date: 2016-09-13
       words: 3386
      flesch: 53
     summary: The MER of COCs faced a serious problem during the separation of mediator from water after reduction reaction was completed, which is solved especially by prior separation of pollutants from water and the successive dissolution in suitable solvents (Durante et al., 2009). Because of the COCs solubility in organic solvents like acetonitrile, dimethyl sulfoxide, dimethyl formamide has used electrochemical reduction in the name of electro synthetic processes (Molina et al., 2003; Rondinini and Vertova, 2010).
    keywords: dcm; degradation; efficiency; electrolysis; figure; ni(i)(cn)4; reaction; reduction; time
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        item: #5200 of 7527
          id: cet-358
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 211.docx
        date: 2017-10-04
       words: 3918
      flesch: 43
     summary: The comparative studies on both type of synthesized catalysts showed almost similar hydrocarbon yield. However, the major changes have been observed in DCO/ DCO2 ratio lower than C16/C18 ratio in both type of synthesized catalysts, these results are consistent with (Kubicka et al., 2010).
    keywords: al2o3; c18; catalysts; conversion; hydrodeoxygenation; oil; reaction; rubber
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        item: #5201 of 7527
          id: cet-3580
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 3debree.docx
        date: 2016-09-13
       words: 4488
      flesch: 58
     summary: Experimental data relevant to H2S diffusion over time in a Nalophan TM bag stored at temperature of 23°C and humidity respectively of 60%, 20 % T 23°C RH%20 T 23°C RH%60 Time Cti/C0 Experimental data relevant to H2S diffusion over time in a Nalophan TM bag after a thermic treatment respectively at 75°C and 130°C and stored at temperature of 23°C and humidity respectively of 20 and 60%.
    keywords: bag; bags; diffusion; h2s; humidity; temperature; time; ° c
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        item: #5202 of 7527
          id: cet-3581
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 3debree.docx
        date: 2016-09-13
       words: 3799
      flesch: 53
     summary: The experiments showed that generally O3 sensors do not suffer from gaseous interference from NO2, NO, CO, CO2 and NH3, Moreover, the matrix effect experiment showed that there is likely other unknown interfering compounds that affect the SENSE 3000 and NanoEnvi sensors since they showed biases according to the complementary gas used for dilution (either filtered, indoor or outdoor air). Additionally, the presence of hysteresis in sensor responses when changing O3 concentration levels, temperature or humidity was studied.
    keywords: air; calibration; effect; humidity; ppb; response; sensors; temperature; time
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        item: #5203 of 7527
          id: cet-3582
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 3debree.docx
        date: 2016-09-13
       words: 2288
      flesch: 49
     summary: Feet odour intensity was assessed by a calibrated and trained olfactory panel after 24 hours and 48 hours of continuously wearing the same socks. On the other hand, the difference between the untreated baseline (samples T0_24) and treated feet (samples T1_24) was significant, with an odour reduction from distinguishable to weak.
    keywords: feet; foot; hours; intensity; odour; product
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        item: #5204 of 7527
          id: cet-3583
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 3debree.docx
        date: 2016-09-13
       words: 3605
      flesch: 47
     summary: A publication of The Italian Association of Chemical Engineering Online at www.aidic.it/cet Guest Editors: Selena Sironi, Laura Capelli Copyright © 2016, AIDIC Servizi S.r.l., ISBN 978-88-95608-45-7; ISSN 2283-9216 Odour Monitoring of a Municipal Wastewater Treatment Plant in Poland by Field Olfactometry Radosław Barczak*, Andrzej Kulig Faculty of Building Services, Hydro and Environmental Engineering, Warsaw University of Technology, 20 Nowowiejska Street, 00-653 Warsaw, Poland Radoslaw.Barczak@is.pw.edu.pl At the mechanical-biological municipal wastewater treatment plant, located in Poland in Mazovia Voivodeship, and its surroundings odour measurements using the field olfactometry method were conducted. However, the Nasal Ranger field olfactometer range has not been evaluated in interlaboratory comparison studies yet, and the accuracy and reproducibility of odour measurements by this devices are unknown at this moment and should be subject of future studies.
    keywords: cod; impact; measurements; odour; receptor; sludge; treatment; wastewater
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        item: #5205 of 7527
          id: cet-3584
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 3debree.docx
        date: 2016-09-13
       words: 3568
      flesch: 46
     summary: Materials and methods This section presents the set-up features as well as the experimental procedure to prepare and measure odorants samples. 2.4 Assessment of odorants samples To process the information, three different pattern recognition algorithms were computed: Multi-Layer Perceptron (MLP), Self-Organizing Map (SOM) and Clustering Analysis (CA).
    keywords: analysis; beverages; data; figure; methanol; nose; odorants; samples; sensors; som; transient
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        item: #5206 of 7527
          id: cet-3585
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 3debree.docx
        date: 2016-09-13
       words: 3060
      flesch: 41
     summary: Figure 4: Time evolution of individual electronic nose sensor detection of untainted wine (VTQ), synthetically tainted wine (VTQ+STD) and naturally tainted wine (VC) of sensor 1 and 3. Table 1: Matrix of p-values of individual electronic nose sensor detections of untainted wine (VTQ), synthetically tainted wine (VTQ+STD) and naturally tainted wine (VC) of sensors 1 to 8 after 0, 1 and 2 days from the opening of the wine bottle.
    keywords: analysis; chemical; data; figure; gas; nose; sample; sensor; time; wine
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        item: #5207 of 7527
          id: cet-3586
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 35fakandu.docx
        date: 2016-09-12
       words: 3886
      flesch: 68
     summary: [2013] has adopted this approach to gas explosion vent design. In low flame speed explosions these pressure transducers had identical pressure time characteristics.
    keywords: explosion; flame; overpressure; peak; pressure; vent; venting; vessel
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        item: #5208 of 7527
          id: cet-3587
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 35fakandu.docx
        date: 2016-09-12
       words: 3327
      flesch: 56
     summary: The maximum pressure rise rate, dP/dTmax, during gas explosions in enclosures and the deflagration index, Kst, are important explosion characteristics of premixture. 3.2 Deflagration index and maximum rate of pressure rise The maximum pressure rise rate during gas explosions in enclosures, (dP/dt)max, and the deflagration index, KG, are important explosion characteristics of premixture.
    keywords: air; bar; chamber; coke; explosion; gas; maximum; pressure; vol.%
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        item: #5209 of 7527
          id: cet-3588
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 35fakandu.docx
        date: 2016-09-12
       words: 2786
      flesch: 47
     summary: Liu D.Y., Chen X.P., Liang C., Zhao C.S., 2009, Solids mixing in the bottom zone of fluidized bed, Proceedings on 20th International conference on fluidized bed combustion, X'ian, China, 459-463. Nowak W., 2015, Research, development and perspectives of fluidized bed boilers in Poland, Proceedings on 20th International conference on fluidized bed combustion, Turku, Finland, 12-22.
    keywords: air; bed; entry; exchange; heat; profile; velocity
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        item: #5210 of 7527
          id: cet-3589
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 35fakandu.docx
        date: 2016-09-12
       words: 3297
      flesch: 53
     summary: For illustration purposes we apply the proposed strategy to a real case of wildland fire. During the wildland fire that swept through Victoria, Australia in 2009, caused the death of 173 people (2009 Victorian Bushfires Royal Commission, 2010), while wildland fires in Greece in 2007 fires resulted in 84 dead (Rosenfeld, 2011).
    keywords: breaks; fire; forest; fuel; network; russo; vegetation; wildland
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        item: #5211 of 7527
          id: cet-359
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 211.docx
        date: 2017-10-04
       words: 3721
      flesch: 33
     summary: Diverse approaches have been applied to regress surrogate distillation models to process simulation results for the purposes of operational optimization of crude oil distillation columns; these include support vector regression (Yao and Chu, 2012), polynomial surrogate models (López C. et al., 2013) and artificial neural networks (Smith et al., 2013 and later Ochoa-Estopier et al. (2015a). Design optimization aims to select the column structure (number of stages in each column section), to determine the column diameter to avoid flooding, as well as to select optimal operating conditions.
    keywords: bounds; crude; design; distillation; models; oil; optimization; process; samples
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        item: #5212 of 7527
          id: cet-3590
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 35fakandu.docx
        date: 2016-09-12
       words: 3971
      flesch: 56
     summary: For the aim of a rapid hazard assessment, it is infeasible to perform fire experiments on every combustible item inside a given building due to the costs and the time required. However, since it is infeasible due to costs and time required to obtain and perform fire experiments on duplicates of every combustible item or group of items inside a given building, it is necessary to rely on some approximations.
    keywords: burning; fire; fuel; growth; heat; hrr; items; materials; method; rate; release
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        item: #5213 of 7527
          id: cet-3591
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 35fakandu.docx
        date: 2016-09-12
       words: 4766
      flesch: 70
     summary: For dust flames there is no agreed methodology for the measurement of Su and hence no agreed values that can be used in explosion protection design or in pulverised biomass burner design. As the flame thickness of dust flames is greater than gas flames, the measurement problems of Su for dusts are greater than for gas flames.
    keywords: andrews; biomass; dust; explosion; flame; gas; phylaktou; standard
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        item: #5214 of 7527
          id: cet-3592
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 35fakandu.docx
        date: 2016-09-12
       words: 3981
      flesch: 53
     summary: On the other hand, thermal radiation from a fire source can be considered as the primary cause of fire spread in pre-flashover conditions, when there is not direct flame impingement and outside the plume, where convective heat transfer is not a principal factor in fire heat transfer. Both the hot gas layer temperature and the thermal radiation to a target can be assessed by using either analytical equations or fire simulation models.
    keywords: fds; fire; gas; heat; layer; radiation; source; temperature
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        item: #5215 of 7527
          id: cet-3593
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 35fakandu.docx
        date: 2016-09-12
       words: 2727
      flesch: 48
     summary: listopadu 15/2172, 708 33 Ostrava - Poruba jan.veres@vsb.cz The principal application of autoignition temperature (AIT) is to define the maximum acceptable surface temperature in a particular area, usually for electrical classification purpose. Autoignition temperature (AIT) is defined as the lowest temperature at which a substance will produce hot-flame ignition in air at atmospheric pressure without the aid of an external energy source such as a spark or flame.
    keywords: ait; autoignition; figure; pentanol; temperature
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        item: #5216 of 7527
          id: cet-3594
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 35fakandu.docx
        date: 2016-09-12
       words: 2642
      flesch: 52
     summary: Lam R., Vlachos D. G., Katsoulakis M. A. Homogenization of mesoscopic theories: Effective properties of model membranes //AIChE journal. Creation of engineering methods for calculating mass transfer through thin microporous films or membranes is a relevant science problem (Basu et al., 2010).
    keywords: membrane; ∂ ∂; ∂ −; − ∂
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        item: #5217 of 7527
          id: cet-3595
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 35fakandu.docx
        date: 2016-09-12
       words: 3345
      flesch: 56
     summary: Natural materials or waste products from industry with a high capacity for heavy metals removal can be obtained, employed, and disposed of with a little cost. Sobhanardakani S., Parvizimosaed H., Olyai E., 2013, Heavy metals removal from wastewaters using organic solid waste-rice husk, Environmental Science and Pollution Research 20 (8), 5265-5271.
    keywords: concentration; metals; mg.l-1; removal; sawdust; solutions; sorption; wood
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        item: #5218 of 7527
          id: cet-3596
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 35fakandu.docx
        date: 2016-09-12
       words: 2873
      flesch: 63
     summary: Van den Berg A.C., 1985, The multi-energy method: A framework for vapour cloud explosion blast prediction, J. Hazard. Vapor cloud explosions involving gaseous fuel and pure oxygen may happen from the growing tendency towards the use of fuel–oxygen mixture as energy source (Hendershot et al., 2010) and since the chemical industry uses vast amounts of oxygen every year in a variety of chemical synthesis reactions.
    keywords: blast; cloud; energy; explosion; explosive; mixture; oxygen; pressure; test
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        item: #5219 of 7527
          id: cet-3597
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 35fakandu.docx
        date: 2016-09-12
       words: 3446
      flesch: 47
     summary: Raj P.K., 2007, Large hydrocarbon fuel pool fires: Physical characteristics and thermal emission variations with height, Journal of Hazardous Materials, 140, 280-292. Mudan K. S., 1984, Thermal radiation hazards from hydrocarbon pool fires, Progress in energy and combustion science, 10, 59-80.
    keywords: burning; fire; flame; heat; models; pool; rate
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        item: #5220 of 7527
          id: cet-3598
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 35fakandu.docx
        date: 2016-09-12
       words: 3082
      flesch: 60
     summary: Consequently, we cannot assume a stationary flow when dealing with droplets fragmentation induced by a shockwave. This characterization is prior to the study of droplets evaporation that may lead to toxic dispersion or vapor cloud explosion 2.
    keywords: breakup; droplets; flow; fragmentation; liquid; number; shockwave; velocity
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        item: #5221 of 7527
          id: cet-3599
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 35fakandu.docx
        date: 2016-09-12
       words: 3216
      flesch: 48
     summary: 1. Introduction LNG facilities often include large ground flares for the safe disposal of large quantities of process gases in the rare event of emergency situations and/or plant depressurization. Possible reasons for these differences in the results are: • Turbulence model: strength of buoyancy production in the transport equation of the turbulence dissipation rate is different; in FLACS there is less production of turbulence dissipation (more turbulence), therefore more mixing, that in the lower layers, at temperature close to ambient leads to a larger extension of the +2°C temperature rise above ambient, but at the same time leads to a shorter 70°C iso-surface; • Inlet wind turbulence conditions; this is responsible for the length of the plume in particular at large distances downwind; • Grid resolution.
    keywords: case; flacs; flare; fluent; plume; temperature; wind
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        item: #5222 of 7527
          id: cet-360
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 211.docx
        date: 2017-10-04
       words: 3696
      flesch: 61
     summary: The degrees of polynomials p(s) , q(s), r(s) and d(s) are, in the second-order TF in the ELM in Eq(3), equal to:                      deg deg 1 1; deg deg 2; deg 0; deg 2 deg This could be - for example, by the Spectral Factorization of the polynomial a(s), in the denominator of the controlled system’s Transfer Function:          * *n s n s a s a s (10) where we derive a new polynomial n(s), which is - due to Spectral Factorization always being stable even if the polynomial a(s), is identified as unstable - which could happen.
    keywords: control;  ;  
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        item: #5223 of 7527
          id: cet-3600
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 35fakandu.docx
        date: 2016-09-12
       words: 3861
      flesch: 44
     summary: The aim of this work has been to compare runaway boundaries obtained for steady state conventional operations of PFRs with that obtained under unsteady state operating conditions considering axial diffusivities. [m / s] 4. Results As it has been said before, the main aim of this work is to demonstrate that the use of a conventional steady state PFR model in order to calculate runaway boundaries can lead to the establishment of unsafe operating conditions, expecially during the start-up phase.
    keywords: conditions; inlet; model; pressure; reactor; runaway; state
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        item: #5224 of 7527
          id: cet-3601
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 35fakandu.docx
        date: 2016-09-12
       words: 3202
      flesch: 27
     summary: Introduction Predicting and modelling the impacts of disruption or failure of critical infrastructure is an important part of the research of critical infrastructure resilience. Preference risk assessment of critical infrastructure is also an important starting point for modelling the impacts of critical infrastructure failure as its results determine vulnerabilities enabling the spread of impacts throughout the infrastructure system.
    keywords: failure; impacts; infrastructure; resilience; system
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        item: #5225 of 7527
          id: cet-3602
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 35fakandu.docx
        date: 2016-09-12
       words: 2801
      flesch: 38
     summary: A comparison between probability values obtained with the classical deterministic FTA methodology (black line) and the median ones (blue line) derived with the proposed probabilistic FTA are also reported in Figure 3: it 100 can be noted how the probabilistic approach leads to higher probability values than those deterministically assessed. Release probability values derived in the ith simulation from the electro-mechanical initiator events branch and earthquake occurrence branch are thus processed according to the fault tree diagram (taking into account logical operators AND, OR) to derive a final set of aggregate release probability values for RS1, RS2 and RS3.
    keywords: analysis; failure; hazard; probability; release; tree; values
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        item: #5226 of 7527
          id: cet-3603
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 35fakandu.docx
        date: 2016-09-12
       words: 4009
      flesch: 31
     summary: Gavious, A., Mizrahi, S., Shani, Y., Minchuk, Y., 2009, The costs of industrial accidents for the organization: Developing methods and tools for evaluation and cost-benefit analysis of investment in safety, Journal of Loss Prevention in the Process Industries, 22, 434-438, DOI: 10.1016/j.jlp.2009.02.008 HSE, 2015, Internal guidance on cost benefit analysis (CBA) in support of safety-related investment decisions <www.orr.gov.uk> accessed 10.03.2016 Le Guernigou, Y., Revilla, F., 2015, Criminal intent seen in petrochemical fire on French Bastille Day <www.uk.reuters.com> accessed 10.03.2016 Paltrinieri, N., Bonvicini, S., Spadoni, G., Cozzani, V., 2012, Cost-Benefit Analysis of Passive Fire Protections in Road LPG Transportation, Risk Analysis, 32, 200-219, DOI: 10.1111/j.1539-6924.2011.01654.x Reniers, G.L.L., 2014, Safety and Security Decisions in times of Economic Crisis : Establishing a Competitive Advantage, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 36, 1-6, DOI: 10.3303/CET1436001 Reniers, G.L.L., Brijs, T., 2014a, An Overview of Cost-benefit Models/Tools for Investigating Occupational Accidents, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 36, 43-48, DOI: 10.3303/CET1436008 Reniers, G.L.L., Brijs, T., 2014b, Major accident management in the process industry: An expert tool called CESMA for intelligent allocation of prevention investments, Process Safety and Environmental Protection, 92, 779-788, DOI: 10.1016/j.psep.2014.02.003 Reniers, G.L.L., Van Lerberghe, P., Van Gulijk, C., 2015, Security Risk Assessment and Protection in the Chemical and Process Industry, Process Safety Progress, 34, 72-83, DOI: 10.1002/prs.11683 Stewart, M.G., Mueller, J., 2013, Terrorism Risks and Cost-Benefit Analysis of Aviation Security, Risk Analysis, 33, 893-908, DOI: 10.1111/j.1539-6924.2012.01905.x. In this paper, the role of the fundamental terms of cost-benefit analysis within the specific framework of process-industry security is discussed, focusing on the estimation of the threat probability, the assessment of physical security systems costs and performances and the evaluation of the costs of the losses derived from either perspective or retrospective accidental scenarios.
    keywords: analysis; assessment; benefit; benefit analysis; cost; process; scenario; security
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        item: #5227 of 7527
          id: cet-3604
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 35fakandu.docx
        date: 2016-09-12
       words: 4068
      flesch: 37
     summary: Khan F. I., Abbasi S. A., 2001, Risk analysis of a typical chemical industry using ORA procedure, Journal of Loss Prevention in the Process Industries 14, 43-59. Description of the Classical and CCD ROA In the following, a comparison between Classical and CCD ROA will be briefly presented.
    keywords: accident; analysis; ccd; fault; plant; process; reactor; risk; roa
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        item: #5228 of 7527
          id: cet-3605
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 35fakandu.docx
        date: 2016-09-12
       words: 2440
      flesch: 35
     summary: It has to be noted that SIMOPS risk assessment is a living activity, it shall be updated regularly according to the project status and according to the sequence of incoming site activities. 3.1 SIMOPS Assessment Study Workshop The SIMOPS assessment study workshop is the initiator event of SIMOPS risk assessment process, the key moment to share necessary information and to proper coordinate the involved parties.
    keywords: activities; assessment; commissioning; construction; process; risk; simops; site
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        item: #5229 of 7527
          id: cet-3606
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 35fakandu.docx
        date: 2016-09-12
       words: 3310
      flesch: 52
     summary: The aim of this study is to assess the sediment quality in the 22 sampling sites in east of Slovakia using potential ecological risk index for four kind of heavy metals concentrations in the samples taken from different locations of this interest area. Specific objective of this study is to assess the level of heavy metal concentrations in the sediment, its spatial distribution and compare it with the USEPA quality guideline, to select different pollution indices of the assessment of heavy metal contamination and to assess the ecological risk resulting from sediment contamination.
    keywords: assessment; contamination; creek; metals; risk; river; sediment; slovak; slovakia
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        item: #5230 of 7527
          id: cet-3607
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 35fakandu.docx
        date: 2016-09-12
       words: 4055
      flesch: 47
     summary: After a first legislative overview and a literature review on the topic, the authors conceptualize an AHP (Analytical Hierarchy process) model for analysing how critical factors affecting dangerous scenarios in confined spaces could affect the assessment of an IOT based device for preventing and managing confined spaces risks. Analyzing confined space risks at process industries Several industrial sectors face the risk of confined space work, i.e. confined areas characterize different processes in many industries, such as chemical industry (e.g. reaction vessels), food processing (e.g. above- ground storage silos) and utility sector (e.g. sewers and pipelines).
    keywords: criteria; iot; level; risk; space; system; technologies; workers
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        item: #5231 of 7527
          id: cet-3608
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 35fakandu.docx
        date: 2016-09-12
       words: 3700
      flesch: 35
     summary: Moreover, the integration of this type of evaluation with aspects related to the social, economic and political contest is not yet available and would be beneficial for a more structured evaluation of process facilities attractiveness. Figure 1, depicting an increase in the estimated level of attractiveness for Installation B and Installation C, shows the improved capability of capturing socio-political aspects, as well as ideological and strategic incentives to an attack, which play a significant role in determining industrial facilities attractiveness as targets.
    keywords: assessment; attractiveness; chemical; facilities; index; installation; process; security; table
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        item: #5232 of 7527
          id: cet-361
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 211.docx
        date: 2017-10-04
       words: 3050
      flesch: 48
     summary: Finally, in area A600 the biodiesel is produced by the transesterification of the refined soy oil, using a methanolic solution of NaOCH3 prepared in process area A500. 1863 sites need to go through the utility system (and are quantified by the TSA), allowing the decomposition of the design problem into HEN designs of each site with inter-site exchange terms fixed.
    keywords: area; design; heat; hen; oil; process; site; stream
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        item: #5233 of 7527
          id: cet-3610
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 35fakandu.docx
        date: 2016-09-12
       words: 3452
      flesch: 50
     summary: Conclusion A risk-based methodology consisting of four main steps for gas detector placement was proposed. Legg, S., Benavides-Serrano, A., Siirola, J., Watson, J., Davis, S., Bratteteig, A. & Laird, C. D, 2012, A stochastic programming approach for gas detector placement using CFD-based dispersion simulations, Computers & Chemical Engineering, 47, 194-201.
    keywords: data; detection; detectors; dispersion; gas; release; risk; scenario; set
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        item: #5234 of 7527
          id: cet-3611
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 35fakandu.docx
        date: 2016-09-12
       words: 3638
      flesch: 31
     summary: In the Bayesian approach, safety barriers performance has been assessed by means of specific gates, depending on barriers states and classification. Reference Ale B., Van Gulijk C., Hanea A., Hanea D., Hudson P., Lin, P-H., 2014, Towards BBN based risk modelling of process plants, Safety Science, 69, 48-56, DOI: 10.1016/j.ssci.2013.12.007 Bearfield G., Marsh W., 2005, Generalising event trees using Bayesian networks with a case study of train derailment, Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 3688, 52-66, DOI: 10.1007/11563228_5 Delvosalle C., Fiévez C., Pipart A., Debray B., 2006, ARAMIS project: a comprehensive methodology for the identification of reference accident scenarios in process industries, Journal of Hazardous Materials, 130, 200-219, DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2005.07.005 De Dianous V., Fiévez C., 2006, ARAMIS project: A more explicit demonstration of risk control through the use of bow-tie diagrams and the evaluation of safety barrier performance, Journal of Hazardous Materials, 130, 220-233, DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2005.07.010 Jensen F.V., Nielsen T.D., 2007, Bayesian Networks and Decision Graphs, Second edition, Springer, New York, USA.
    keywords: assessment; barriers; bayesian; event; performance; probability; safety; safety barriers
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        item: #5235 of 7527
          id: cet-3612
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 35fakandu.docx
        date: 2016-09-12
       words: 3344
      flesch: 57
     summary: After a 90º bend, each of these outlets end up in two pipes of smaller diameter (coal dust pipes with diameter d = 384 mm). Dust explosion has the potential to result in considerable damage to the power plant and injuries or fatalities among power plant personnel.
    keywords: coal; coal feeder; dust; feeder; mill; mill room; pressure; room
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        item: #5236 of 7527
          id: cet-3613
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 35fakandu.docx
        date: 2016-09-12
       words: 2622
      flesch: 44
     summary: It is therefore essential to perform seismic risk assessment of NG buried pipelines systems with the aim to identify potential criticalities and avoid significant consequences. For such reasons, this work illustrates the proposal of a probabilistic framework for seismic risk assessment of NG lifelines.
    keywords: assessment; earthquake; event; gas; pipe; pipeline; release; risk; values
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        item: #5237 of 7527
          id: cet-3614
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 35fakandu.docx
        date: 2016-09-12
       words: 3878
      flesch: 40
     summary: For this purpose, the use of risk indicators based on the continuous learning from events occurring during the lifecycle of the plant and inspection of safety critical elements may allow hazard and risk assessment to assume both dynamic and proactive features. Background on risk indicators 2.1 Classification of indicators Appropriate sets of indicators collected and evaluated on a regular basis can provide information on the overall risk level variation.
    keywords: assessment; factors; frequency; indicators; methodology; modification; process; risk; safety; year
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        item: #5238 of 7527
          id: cet-3615
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 35fakandu.docx
        date: 2016-09-12
       words: 3833
      flesch: 45
     summary: This article, moreover should be used as an example for the implementation of safety intervention in line with the research on safety rules and rules management. Specifically, safety work permits after being modified during the intervention results clearer, easier to use, more useful for users and safety performance and more effective in preventing accidents.
    keywords: chemical; focus; intervention; motivation; rules; safety; swps; system; work; workers
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        item: #5239 of 7527
          id: cet-3616
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 35fakandu.docx
        date: 2016-09-12
       words: 4095
      flesch: 28
     summary: Within this framework, the construct of proactive safety orientation toward safety emerged as a general and broad set of psychological orientations by individuals in managing safety issues, preventing injuries, improving workplace safety conditions and sustainability of organizational contexts, beyond the mere avoidance of negative events for individuals, teams and organizations. This role orientation would support a behavioural tendency characterized by: a) self-generation of initiatives supporting safety programs (i.e. looking after the safety of DOI: 10.3303/CET1653031 Please cite this article as: Curcuruto M., 2016, Safety participation in the workplace: an assessment tool of proactive safety orientations by individuals (pro-safe), Chemical Engineering Transactions, 53, 181-186 DOI: 10.3303/CET1653031 181 colleagues, or supporting the housekeeping of the work environment);
    keywords: dimensions; individuals; management; orientation; proactivity; research; role; safety; workplace
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        item: #5240 of 7527
          id: cet-3617
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 35fakandu.docx
        date: 2016-09-12
       words: 3590
      flesch: 32
     summary: The conceptual framework represents four categories of performance indicators identified in the review: team performance indicators that require empirical indicators, team performance indicators that do not require empirical indicators, individual performance indicators that require empirical indicators, and individual performance indicators that do not require empirical indicators, as shown in Figure 2. 3. Team performance indicators that require operationalisation (Category 2 in Figure 2) involve measuring latent constructs that explain team performance.
    keywords: assessment; figure; indicators; individual; performance; performance indicators; system; team
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        item: #5241 of 7527
          id: cet-3618
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 35fakandu.docx
        date: 2016-09-12
       words: 4035
      flesch: 43
     summary: This allows training operators to cope with abnormal, near misses, and real accidents (Manca et al., 2012). Afterwards, Nazir et al., 2012b, examined the need for training field operators with the support of specific tools such as virtual reality in 3D immersive environments.
    keywords: air; conditions; environments; manca; operators; pressure; temperature; training
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        item: #5242 of 7527
          id: cet-3619
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 35fakandu.docx
        date: 2016-09-12
       words: 3157
      flesch: 46
     summary: The system can distinguish between operation target equipment and others by image recognition techniques based on the SURF DOI: 10.3303/CET1653034 Please cite this article as: Nakai A., Suzuki K., 2016, Instructional information system using ar technology for chemical plants, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 53, 199-204 DOI: 10.3303/CET1653034 199 (speeded-up robust features) The operation report using the function of instructional information system 203 6.
    keywords: chemical; equipment; field; information; operating; operation; operators; system
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        item: #5243 of 7527
          id: cet-362
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 211.docx
        date: 2017-10-04
       words: 3688
      flesch: 45
     summary: Pt 873 60-150 oxides of Cu, Ni, Cr, Pt Cu2O, Ni2O, PtO, NiAl2O3 1,473 200-500 CuAl2O4, CrO4, Cr2O3, Ni2O3 (dispersing and enlarging) Cu2O, Pt, NiCrO4, Ni2O 3.5 Study of polyoxide catalysts based on Ni, Cu and Cr oxides on 2 % Ce/θ-Al2O3 by XRD method The developed Ni-Cu-Cr/2 % Ce/θ-Al2O3 catalyst was investigated by X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD). The study of multicomponent oxide catalysts based on NiCuCr over 2 % Ce/θ-Al2O3 by electron microscopy The morphology and particle size of the developed catalysts were investigated using a transmission electron microscope EM-125K with an increase of 80,000 times by replicas with extraction using microdiffraction of electrons, Figure 1.
    keywords: al2o3; catalysts; toluene
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        item: #5244 of 7527
          id: cet-3620
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 35fakandu.docx
        date: 2016-09-12
       words: 3566
      flesch: 36
     summary: In addition, future RPAS pilots, operators and all stakeholders need to achieve an optimum level of knowledge regarding safety issues. A survey to evaluate the background of future RPAS pilots was conducted at the beginning of 2014 and over 1000 responses were obtained.
    keywords: aircraft; aviation; collision; flying; knowledge; level; pilot; risk; rpas; safety
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        item: #5245 of 7527
          id: cet-3621
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 35fakandu.docx
        date: 2016-09-12
       words: 3352
      flesch: 33
     summary: The paper studies the concepts of the basis for safety education, which is formed from synergetic principles and techniques of interdisciplinary training. Concepts of safety education based on synergetic principles and interdisciplinary teaching approaches have been thoroughly researched in a number of papers (Aleksandrov A.A., 2013, Devisilov V.A., 2008, 2010, 2011) and noxological education has been introduced in Russia.
    keywords: culture; education; human; individual; risk; russian; safety; society; system; technical
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        item: #5246 of 7527
          id: cet-3622
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 35fakandu.docx
        date: 2016-09-12
       words: 3591
      flesch: 41
     summary: As we intend to perform simulations related to nuclear emergencies, we focus on CNEN agents training using the proposed CVE, despite of firefighters and police officers avatars actions are already implemented and available for the other type of scenarios and users. Therefore, it is important to create tools that address the methods and techniques to assist in the prior training of security agents, for example, the detection and approach people carrying radioactive elements.
    keywords: agents; avatars; cve; emergency; environment; reality; security; situations; training
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        item: #5247 of 7527
          id: cet-3623
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 35fakandu.docx
        date: 2016-09-12
       words: 4381
      flesch: 51
     summary: Level sensors are available or can be designed using variety of sensing principles. Incidents triggered by failures of level sensors, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 53, 223-228 DOI: 10.3303/CET1653038 223 repeat over the years.
    keywords: accident; distance; failure; incidents; level; misses; safety; search; sensors; systems; tankg
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        item: #5248 of 7527
          id: cet-3624
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 35fakandu.docx
        date: 2016-09-12
       words: 3340
      flesch: 56
     summary: Steady states solutions for 10s = , 6.5k = , 0.18ν = . 4. Conclusions We analysed steady states solutions and multistability in a model of a forest grassland model which considers dynamically the human interactions and their preference based on the rarity perception value.
    keywords: bifurcation; forest; parameter; solutions; states; system
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        item: #5249 of 7527
          id: cet-3625
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 35fakandu.docx
        date: 2016-09-12
       words: 3394
      flesch: 58
     summary: We study the effect of network topology on the dynamics of the Ebola virus disease epidemic that broke out in the Spring of 2014 and swept through the countries of West Africa leaving behind a death toll of more than 11,000 people. Extending an agent-based model that we have developed and which has proven to approximate and forecast quite well the evolution of the epidemic in Liberia and Sierra Leone, we study the influence of two types of networks that are used to approximate the underlying social transmission network: Newman-Watts and Albert-Barabasi.
    keywords: contact; ebola; epidemic; network; probability; transmission
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        item: #5250 of 7527
          id: cet-3626
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 35fakandu.docx
        date: 2016-09-12
       words: 3914
      flesch: 49
     summary: In order to avoid the accident, a number of safety improvement measures can be performed. The plant on which the case study is based has suffered the accident 2 y after an inspection has recommended a number of safety improvement measures.
    keywords: criticality; improvement; integration; investment; measures; process; safety; tshi
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        item: #5251 of 7527
          id: cet-3627
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 35fakandu.docx
        date: 2016-09-12
       words: 3172
      flesch: 42
     summary: “Not applicable questions” (N/A) have been sometimes found to be due to a of lack of safety concepts like safety management and culture; as an example, questions about the definition of figures/positions committed to safety such as the emergency personnel or about the company policy about safety audit and management of contracts and subcontractors have been excluded from the analysis since these issues are not managed in a systematic way has it occurs for larger companies. With the aim of verifying the lack in the aspects of safety management, safety climate and risk perception in the biogas field, the results of this application have been compared to those obtained from a previous application of MIMOSA methodology to the branch of a large multi-utility company operating in northern Italy, which manages the whole company’s fleet of road vehicles (Saracino, et al., 2015).
    keywords: biogas; company; health; key; management; mimosa; risk; safety
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        item: #5252 of 7527
          id: cet-3628
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 35fakandu.docx
        date: 2016-09-12
       words: 3507
      flesch: 45
     summary: The need to share with Authorities some aspects of risk management increases the need to reduce the uncertainties of the RBI models. With respect to available procedures in the literature (e.g. 580/81 API, ASME, ISPESL etc.), Section 2 of this paper aims at verifying: (i) the consistency between the assessment of risk made in Safety Reports (according the Seveso III Directive) and that carried out through the RBI; (ii) the compatibility with the standards in force in the field of risk management (ISO 31000 and ISO 55000); (iii) the consistency between the results of inspections imposed by the Directive Seveso III and those planned by the RBI.
    keywords: ageing; equipment; factors; inspection; management; rbi; risk; table
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        item: #5253 of 7527
          id: cet-3629
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 35fakandu.docx
        date: 2016-09-12
       words: 2737
      flesch: 36
     summary: Table 1: Major accidents at Italian fireworks plants in the last three years Place Date N° fatalities Città Sant’Angelo (Abruzzo) Lessons learned by the analysis of recent Italian accident and information collected in the European database are very useful to understand the causes of the accident and to suggest producers and tools to manage safety in firework establishments.
    keywords: accidents; control; directive; factors; fireworks; management; safety; seveso
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        item: #5254 of 7527
          id: cet-363
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 211.docx
        date: 2017-10-04
       words: 3848
      flesch: 54
     summary: Li L., Han W., Yu H., Tang H., 2013, CO2 absorption by piperazine promoted aqueous ammonia solution: absorption kinetics and ammonia loss, Greenhouse Gases: Science and Technology, 3(3), 231–245. Molina C.T., Bouallou C., 2015, Assessment of different methods of CO2 capture in post-combustion using ammonia as solvent, Journal of Cleaner Production, 103, 463–468. For NH3–PZ–CO2–H2O system, differential heat of absorption data and data from CO2 absorption process were used.
    keywords: absorption; case; co2; h2o; heat; model; nh3; rate
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        item: #5255 of 7527
          id: cet-3630
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 35fakandu.docx
        date: 2016-09-12
       words: 3471
      flesch: 47
     summary: A publication of The Italian Association of Chemical Engineering Online at www.aidic.it/cet Guest Editors: Valerio Cozzani, Eddy De Rademaeker, Davide Manca Copyright © 2016, AIDIC Servizi S.r.l., ISBN 978-88-95608-44-0; ISSN 2283-9216 Study on Formation of Oil-in-Water (O/W) Pickering type Emulsion via Complexation between Diesel and β- Cyclodextrin Alireza Monazzami, Farzaneh Vahabzadeh*, Abdolreza Aroujalian Chemical Engineering Department, Amirkabir University of Technology (Tehran Polytechnic), Tehran, Iran far@aut.ac.ir With use of β-cyclodextrin, Pickering type oil-in-water (O/W) emulsions were prepared using diesel sample obtained from an oil refinery plant. 266 2.2.4 Instrumental analyses The inclusion complex formed between βCD and diesel molecules was characterized using several instrumental techniques: DSC analysis with use of Mettler-Toledo DSC 823e (STARe SW version 9.10 software, Switzerland) under nitrogen atmosphere (N2 flow: 80 ml/min).
    keywords: diesel; drilling; emulsion; figure; study; water; βcd
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        item: #5256 of 7527
          id: cet-3631
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 35fakandu.docx
        date: 2016-09-12
       words: 3795
      flesch: 62
     summary: Safety of a tank filled with water during an earthquake The API 2510 standard for propane pressure vessels states that the supporting structure of the vessel should consider the static load during operation (including the load of fireproofing), plus applicable combinations of wind, ice, snow and earthquake loads. The results include fire characterization, radiative heat flux at the tank surface, tank wall temperatures, liquid temperature, tank pressure and vapor space temperature distribution.
    keywords: fire; heat; liquid; pressure; propane; tank; temperature; vessel; water
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        item: #5257 of 7527
          id: cet-3632
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 35fakandu.docx
        date: 2016-09-12
       words: 4214
      flesch: 48
     summary: At any time t1, in the interval [t2, 4800 s], when hydL HH  Δ−>Δ , MIC polymerization reaction contributes to the liquid heating and water inflow stop is not effective in stopping the runaway behaviour. Sharan M. and Gopalakrishnan S.G., 1997, Bhopal gas accident: a numerical simulation of the gas dispersion event, Environmental Modelling & Software 12, 135-141.
    keywords: accident; bhopal; emergency; energy; flow; mic; rate; reaction; safety; tank; time; water
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        item: #5258 of 7527
          id: cet-3633
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 35fakandu.docx
        date: 2016-09-12
       words: 3138
      flesch: 44
     summary: The levels of abstraction that a software-based system offers are not present in FPGA design. Figure 1 illustrates the types of electronic hardware technologies that can be applied in nuclear plant I&C systems.
    keywords: circuit; design; figure; fpga; i&c; logic; nuclear; safety; systems
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        item: #5259 of 7527
          id: cet-3634
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 35fakandu.docx
        date: 2016-09-12
       words: 2585
      flesch: 47
     summary: The objective of our work is to establish the regularities of particle separation from the gas-aerosol flow into the high-effective devices of new design with active hydrodynamic regimes (Bulekbayeva, 2004), the determination of optimal design and regime parameters of their work (Viswanathan et al, 2005), and the creation of the methods for calculating their hydrodynamic parameters and the rate of dust collection. DOI: 10.3303/CET1653049 Please cite this article as: Bulekbayeva K., Turalina M., Orynbayeva U., Brener A., 2016, Effective methods for dust collection and separation of aerosols on the active regimes of phase interaction, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 53, 289-294 DOI: 10.3303/CET1653049 289 2.
    keywords: apparatus; collection; design; dust; engineering; flow; gas; regimes
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        item: #5260 of 7527
          id: cet-3635
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 35fakandu.docx
        date: 2016-09-12
       words: 2516
      flesch: 58
     summary: °C, 180 °C during 2 hours, taking into consideration the temperature at 20 ° C for the untreated sludge. Sludge (T=180 °C) Times t=0 t=0 t=30’ t=1h t=0 t=30’ t=1h t=0 t=30’ t=1h pH 7.0 7.0 7.1 7.2 7.0 7.3 7.3 7.0 7.2 7.5 TS 16,2
    keywords: heat; sludge; solubilisation; temperature; treatment
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        item: #5261 of 7527
          id: cet-3636
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 35fakandu.docx
        date: 2016-09-12
       words: 3337
      flesch: 46
     summary: DOI: 10.3303/CET1653051 Please cite this article as: Palazzi E., Curro F., Lunghi E., Fabiano B., 2016, An analytical model of carbon dioxide jet from pressurized systems for safety distance evaluation, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 53, 301-306 DOI: 10.3303/CET1653051 301 The correlations (1.a) and (1.b) can be used, respectively, in order to address verification issues or to face design problems. The definition of the source term in CO2 releases of carbon dioxide from pressurized pipelines is currently an up-to-date research topic, as demonstrated by several research papers.
    keywords: air; carbon; co2; dioxide; jet; release
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        item: #5262 of 7527
          id: cet-3637
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 35fakandu.docx
        date: 2016-09-12
       words: 3422
      flesch: 59
     summary: The thermal load caused by the fire can be either assigned as a constant heat flux or defined by specifying the fire characteristics: fire temperature (Tf) and emissivity (εf) and flame convective heat transfer coefficient (hf). The internal and external shells are both made of AISI-304 stainless steel with a thickness of 26 and 30 mm respectively, the inner diameter is 6.5 m. The gap between the shells is filled by granular perlite kept in vacuum conditions, which provides thermal insulation.
    keywords: accident; case; fire; heat; insulation; liquid; lng; model; vapour
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        item: #5263 of 7527
          id: cet-3638
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 35fakandu.docx
        date: 2016-09-12
       words: 3187
      flesch: 50
     summary: The results show in Figure 1 that about two thirds of audit teams hold a pre-audit meeting with the auditee and a similar number request that the auditee completes a self-assessment questionnaire. Audit teams may also opt to gather opinion on the audit from the point of view of the auditee which may seem appropriate given that the site may be the greatest benefactor of the audit.
    keywords: audit; auditing; process; process safety; respondents; safety; team
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        item: #5264 of 7527
          id: cet-3639
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 35fakandu.docx
        date: 2016-09-12
       words: 3431
      flesch: 48
     summary: The method will be implemented in a tool in which scenarists fulfill exercise objectives, learners characteristics and answer questions to obtain crisis exercise scenarios (see part 4). The types of injections necessary to reach crisis exercise scenario requirements A scenario is composed of several types of injections with different consequences.
    keywords: crisis; design; events; exercise; injections; management; method; objectives; scenario
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        item: #5265 of 7527
          id: cet-364
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 211.docx
        date: 2017-10-04
       words: 3683
      flesch: 59
     summary: In this paper, the physical, microstructural and mechanical properties of the green concrete composite, which contains coir fibre as a reinforcing agent were studied. It was observed that the inclusion of coir fibre in the concrete decreases the slump factor and increases the VeBe time of the fresh Coir bio fibrous concrete composite.
    keywords: bio; coir; concrete; fibre; fibrous; impact; properties; strength; tensile
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        item: #5266 of 7527
          id: cet-3640
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 35fakandu.docx
        date: 2016-09-12
       words: 3250
      flesch: 44
     summary: In the work, the authors highlight the aspects that can be assumed as reference point for implementing H&S management systems in other sectors characterized by high variability of activities and a multiplicity of types of employment contracts. 326 Figure 1: Three main components/areas of the conceptual framework of H&S management system adopted for the development of the Ges.Sic.
    keywords: activities; ges.sic.a; h&s; management; risk; safety; system; work
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        item: #5267 of 7527
          id: cet-3641
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 35fakandu.docx
        date: 2016-09-12
       words: 4517
      flesch: 50
     summary: The RISING questionnaire To identify the most suitable information to provide on field emergency operators and the best way to display such information on-the-fly, we disposed an online survey for experts operating in the emergency management field (first aid staff, emergency operators, fire brigade, etc.). DOI: 10.3303/CET1653056 Please cite this article as: De Cillis F., Inderst F., Pascucci F., Setola R., Tesei M., Bragatto P., 2016, Improving the safety and the operational efficiency of emergency operators via on-field situational awareness, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 53, 331-336 DOI: 10.3303/CET1653056 331 Among different kind of data, Wei et al. (2008) assert that the geo-referenced information plays an important role in every stage of disaster management and emergency response.
    keywords: awareness; data; emergency; environment; field; information; management; pois; position; rescuer; rfid; tag
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        item: #5268 of 7527
          id: cet-3642
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 35fakandu.docx
        date: 2016-09-12
       words: 2864
      flesch: 48
     summary: When a compositional approach is used the mass balance of the chemical component contained in the vapour and liquid phases must be considered. Hydrogen sulphide vapour composition from steady state simulation.
    keywords: depressurization; fluid; liquid; phase; pressure; simulation; temperature; vapour
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        item: #5269 of 7527
          id: cet-3643
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 35fakandu.docx
        date: 2016-09-12
       words: 3480
      flesch: 54
     summary: This figure clearly shows a linear variation for the mass of chemical release for all tests and an increase of mass flow rate as the hole diameter increases. Reference Aprin L., Heymes F., Fuhrer M., Slangen P., Dusserre G., Le Floch S., 2014, Experimental analysis of n- butanol behavior in seawater due to chemical release from marine shipwreck, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 36, 19-24 DOI: 10.3303/CET1436004 Babinsky, E., Sojka, P. E., 2002, Modeling drop size distributions, Progress in Energy and Combustion Science 28(4): 303-329. Baptista, R. M., Quadri, M. B., Machado, R. A. F., Bolzan, A., Nogueira, A., Lopes, T. J., Mariano, G. C., 2007, Effective interfacial tension and geometrical parameters relationships for the description of oil leakages from submarine pipelines, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 28: 401-406.
    keywords: chemical; coefficient; discharge; flow; liquid; orifice; rate; release; size; water
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        item: #5270 of 7527
          id: cet-3644
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 35fakandu.docx
        date: 2016-09-12
       words: 2941
      flesch: 39
     summary: The application of the model shows good agreement with the experimental data series, especially in terms of pressure profiles and discharge time. Stagnation conditions refers to pressures up to 45 barg and temperatures in the range 0 – 40 °C and varying them, pressure and temperature profiles are collected during the rapid depressurizations.
    keywords: co2; heat; model; pressure; temperature; vessel
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        item: #5271 of 7527
          id: cet-3645
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 35fakandu.docx
        date: 2016-09-12
       words: 3113
      flesch: 52
     summary: However, when conservative results are enough as a first screening tool, analytical DOI: 10.3303/CET1653060 Please cite this article as: Palazzi E., Lunghi E., Reverberi A., Fabiano B., 2016, Large scale carbon dioxide release: short-cut modelling and application, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 53, 355-360 DOI: 10.3303/CET1653060 355 models can be conveniently applied in hazard assessment (Fabiano et al., 2015), to evaluate hazardous maximum build-up (Palazzi et al., 2013), or to evaluate hazardous events posing a higher risk than the safety level and to determine safety measures (Abrahamsen et al., 2013). Introduction Effective modelling of CO2 release situation is essential for pipeline and storage design and safe operation within sensitive or inhabited areas, as well as in obtaining stakeholder acceptance.
    keywords: carbon; dioxide; release
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        item: #5272 of 7527
          id: cet-3646
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 35fakandu.docx
        date: 2016-09-12
       words: 3006
      flesch: 41
     summary: Conclusions The design of safety depressurization systems for CCS and CO2 Enhanced Oil Recovery (EOR) installations is of particular importance due its impact on project costs. System blowdown and material selection for a CO2 EOR FEED project Application of the approach presented in this paper to determine minimum metal temperatures in a typical CO2 Enhanced Oil Recovery (EOR) project is described in this section.
    keywords: co2; depressurization; design; line; metal; process; system; temperature
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        item: #5273 of 7527
          id: cet-3647
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-3647
        date: 2016-11-02
       words: 2721
      flesch: 46
     summary: 50 100 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 24.12 2.16 17.54 1.61 18.13 QHP1 QHP2 QHI T, ◦ С ∆H, MW QHminQCmin 1 2 24.12 Figure 3: Total Site Profiles 1: Site source profile; 2: Site sink profile; QHP1, QHP2: the possibility to install a heat pump; QHI : Heat integration without heat pump The total temperature profile (Figure 3) allows one to consider the possibility of integration for a heat pump within the overall production complex. The heat transfer area and number of heat exchangers for a retrofitted heat exchanger network have been identified.
    keywords: energy; heat; integration; process; pump; separation; site; vapor
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        item: #5274 of 7527
          id: cet-3648
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-3648
        date: 2016-11-02
       words: 2999
      flesch: 45
     summary: Processing of natural gas is the largest industrial gas separation application. Natural gas contains many contaminants, water being the most common undesirable component.
    keywords: drop; gas; hydrate; pressure; separator; temperature; twister; water
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        item: #5275 of 7527
          id: cet-3649
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-3649
        date: 2016-11-02
       words: 2864
      flesch: 45
     summary: In this work a high resolved finite volume method is applied carrying out direct numerical simulation of fluid dynamics and heat transfer simultaneously. Chemical Engineering Journal, 166, 324–331 Farrell P.E., Maddison J.R., 2011, Conservative interpolation between volume meshes by local Galerkin projection, Computer Methods in Applied Mechanics and Engineering, 200, 89–100 Feng J., Dong H., Gao J., Li H. ,Liu J., 2016, Numerical investigation of gas-solid heat transfer process in vertical tank for sinter waste heat recovery, Applied Thermal Engineering, 107, 135–143 Ferziger J.H., Perić M., 2002, Computational Methods for Fluid Dynamics, Springer Berlin Heidelberg, Berlin, Heidelberg Klemeš J.J., Varbanov P.S., 2013, Process Intensification and Integration, Clean Technologies and Environmental Policy, 15, 417–422 OpenFOAM (Open Field Operation and Manipulation), 2011, <www.openfoam.org> accessed 15.04.2016 Schlünder E.-U., 1984, Heat transfer to packed and stirred beds from the surface of immersed bodies, Chemical Engineering and Processing, 18, 31-53 Singh R.I. ,Ghule K., 2016, Design, development, experimental and CFD analysis of a prototype fluidized bed stripper ash cooler, Applied Thermal Engineering, 107, 1077–1090 18
    keywords: gas; heat; heat transfer; mesh; order; plate; sphere; transfer
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        item: #5276 of 7527
          id: cet-365
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 211.docx
        date: 2017-10-04
       words: 3566
      flesch: 50
     summary: These revamps are undertaken without modification of pass partitions and can lead to a considerable increase in wall shear force and tube side heat transfer. This has similar effects as a flow restriction in the inlet of the exchanger with the additional benefit that the additional pressure drop is converted into flow turbulence with higher tube side heat transfer in this region.
    keywords: flow; fluid; fouling; heat; hitran; temperature; transfer; tube; wall
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        item: #5277 of 7527
          id: cet-3650
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-3650
        date: 2016-11-02
       words: 2874
      flesch: 52
     summary: Thus: (9) There are mean values used for energy analysis. The energy conservation law is mathematically presented by energy equation as follows: .
    keywords: accumulator; air; energy; gas; pressure; pulsator
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        item: #5278 of 7527
          id: cet-3651
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-3651
        date: 2016-11-02
       words: 3310
      flesch: 62
     summary: For the present papers, the connection cost is just a rough estimation, and consists of material flow piping cost only, ignoring the cost of steam piping. Introduction The designing of plant layout is a complex and multidisciplinary work.
    keywords: cost; layout; material; piping; plant; safety; scenario; steam; table
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        item: #5279 of 7527
          id: cet-3652
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-3652
        date: 2016-11-02
       words: 2924
      flesch: 61
     summary: If a difference in temperature of heat transfer, we could estimate an accurate energy consumption of new drying process. In this research, we focused on reducing waste of heat and proposed three new freeze drying processes with the concept of reducing a waste of heat by introducing the concept of SHR (Self-Heat Recuperation) technology to freeze drying process, leading to the minimization of the exergy loss for heat transfer.
    keywords: drying; energy; heat; process; sublimation; temperature
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        item: #5280 of 7527
          id: cet-3653
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-3653
        date: 2016-11-02
       words: 2534
      flesch: 39
     summary: ~ 800 Sintering Smoke Sintering Sensible heat vapor 150 ~ 200 Hot Pellet Pelletizing Sensible heat solid 350 ~ 500 Pelletizing Smoke Pelletizing Sensible heat vapor 100 ~ 200 Blast Furnace Slag Iron making Sensible heat solid 1,400 ~ 1,500 Blast Furnace Gas Iron making Sensible and combustible heat; pressure energy vapor 300 Stove-exhausting Gas Iron making Sensible heat vapor 200 ~ 300 Hot Steel Slag Steel making Sensible heat solid 1,400 Converter Gas Steel making Sensible heat; combustion heat solid > 1,000 Converter Smoke Steel making Sensible heat vapor 1,400 ~ 1,600 Steel-rolling Hot Blast Furnace Smoke Steel rolling Sensible heat vapor 350 ~ 400 Cooling Water All Sensible heat liquid < 100 Hot Coke Coking Sensible heat solid 950 ~ 1,050 Table 2: IRE forms of electrolytic aluminum industry Forms Process Category State of matter Temperature (°C) 150 Tin Bath Body Sensible heat solid 200 Melting Furnace Smoke Sensible heat vapor 450 ~ 550 Annealing Furnace Exhaust Air Sensible heat vapor 280 ~ 500 Circulating Cooling Water Sensible heat liquid 35 Table 5: IRE forms of other industrial sectors Industry sector Forms Category State of matter Temperature(°C) Oil Refining Oil products Sensible heat liquid 70 ~ 200 Oil Refining Smoke Sensible heat vapor < 200 Oil Refining Waste Water Sensible heat liquid < 150 Oil Refining Steam Sensible heat vapor Oil Refining Flare Gas Combustible heat vapor Cement Exhaust Sensible heat vapor < 400 Carbon Black Off-gas Combustible heat vapor Textile Dyeing Condensate Water Sensible heat liquid 100 Textile Dyeing Cooling Water Sensible heat liquid 60 Textile Dyeing Dye Vat Water Sensible heat liquid 60 ~ 70 Textile Dyeing Boiler Smoke Sensible heat vapor > 220 Textile Dyeing Calibrator's Waste gas Sensible heat vapor > 120 Paper Making Boiler Smoke Sensible heat vapor 110 ~ 145 Paper Making Hot Air Sensible heat vapor 65 Calcium Carbide Furnace Smoke Sensible heat vapor 350~600 Calcium Carbide Fused Products Sensible heat solid 2,000 Sodium Carbonate Calcinatory Gas Sensible heat vapor 120 Vitriol Sulfur Dioxide Gas Sensible heat vapor 950 Vitriol Sulfur Trioxide Gas Sensible heat vapor 400 Vitriol Oil Products of Vitriol Sensible heat liquid 110~120 Copper Refining Reverberatory Furnace Smoke Sensible heat vapor 1,200 Copper Refining Flash Furnace Smoke Sensible heat vapor 1,300 Copper Refining Converter Smoke Sensible heat vapor 1,100 Copper Refining Anode Furnace Smoke Sensible heat vapor 1,400 Copper Refining Electric Furnace Smoke Sensible heat vapor 270 Copper Refining Electric Furnace Slag Sensible heat solid > 1,200 39 Specific Formulas are given below: Sensible heat
    keywords: china; energy; gas; heat; industry; ire; smoke; vapor
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        item: #5281 of 7527
          id: cet-3654
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-3654
        date: 2016-11-02
       words: 3742
      flesch: 58
     summary: 4.2 Impacts of battery charge/discharge characteristics on the hybrid power supply system The relationship between battery charge rate, DOD and LCOE of the system is shown in Figure 2. 0 4 8 12 16 20 0.20 0.22 0.24 0.26 0.28 0.30 L C O E /€ ·k W h -1 Charge rate/C 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 L C O E /€ ·k W h -1 DOD (a) Battery charge rate and LCOE (b) Battery DOD and LCOE Figure 2: The relationship between battery charge rate, battery DOD and LCOE of the system 4.3 Scheduling scheme of the hybrid power supply system Figure 3 shows the scheduling scheme of the hybrid power system in the start-up period and the cyclic periods.
    keywords: battery; charge; energy; period; power; scenario; scheduling; system
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        item: #5282 of 7527
          id: cet-3655
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-3655
        date: 2016-11-02
       words: 3285
      flesch: 56
     summary: All of these materials consist mainly of carbon with varying amounts of hydrogen, oxygen, and impurities such as sulphur and ash (Pinto et al., 2015). 1.2 Processes and reactions in the gasifier In coal gasification, the principal processes that normally take place within the gasifier unit are dehydration, pyrolysis, combustion, gasification, water gas shift, and steam-methane reforming (Xiangdong et al., 2013). Figure 1: Flow diagram of coal gasification through an entrained flow gasifier 2.2 Model validation This model is verified with practical data in order to evaluate the gasifier performance and accuracy issues.
    keywords: coal; cost; gas; gasification; gasifier; model; plant; power
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        item: #5283 of 7527
          id: cet-3656
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-3656
        date: 2016-11-02
       words: 3984
      flesch: 64
     summary: t t tu t t tu t t t Overall water and contaminant balances for batch treatment unit:             max max 1, ' tu1 1, , ' 1 1, 1, ' tu1 1, , 'cap (1 ) cap (1 ) 1 TU1, , ' T , ' bt out in out tu t tu t t tu tu t tu t tu t tm
    keywords: batch; c t; network; t sr; t t; treatment; tu c; tu t; water
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        item: #5284 of 7527
          id: cet-3657
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-3657
        date: 2016-11-02
       words: 2942
      flesch: 50
     summary: Solar absorption cooling system in Dubrovnik The application of solar cooling has become the most discussed application of the absorption cooling technology. The absorption cooling system with LiBr/H2O as working media The LiBr/H2O solution is widely used as working media in absorption cooling systems because of its non- toxicity and being environmentally friendly by not contributing to ozone depletion.
    keywords: absorption; cooling; figure; heat; libr; solution; system; water
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        item: #5285 of 7527
          id: cet-3658
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-3658
        date: 2016-11-02
       words: 4066
      flesch: 52
     summary: Effect of Pt addition to Ni catalyst, Appl. Ceria has been widely employed as catalytic support due to its oxygen storage properties, which improves catalyst stability.
    keywords: catalyst; ceo2; conversion; ethanol; hydrogen; reduction; reforming; sio2; steam
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        item: #5286 of 7527
          id: cet-3659
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-3659
        date: 2016-11-02
       words: 4038
      flesch: 48
     summary: The experimental data of CO2 adsorption isotherms for Rw = 0 and Rw = 0.67 are further analyzed by five isotherm models which are Langmuir, Freundlich, Redlich-Peterson (R-P), Toth and Sips. A large increment of CO2 adsorption was observed on the wetted sample due to formation of CO2 hydrates, particularly at high pressure.
    keywords: adsorption; cao; co2; equilibrium; freundlich; isotherm; langmuir; model; sample; water
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        item: #5287 of 7527
          id: cet-366
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 211.docx
        date: 2017-10-04
       words: 3437
      flesch: 57
     summary: • A set of gas sweetening units of known performance (i.e. outlet CO2 concentration). 𝑅𝐶 = 𝐹𝑅𝑃(100−𝐶𝑅𝑃) 𝐹𝑅𝑖𝑛(100−𝐶𝑅𝑖𝑛) (3) • Two types of gas sweetening units (namely amine absorption and membrane) are typically adopted for offshore gas processing.
    keywords: co2; cta; field; flowrate; gas; sweetening
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        item: #5288 of 7527
          id: cet-3660
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-3660
        date: 2016-11-02
       words: 3409
      flesch: 47
     summary: With the aim of supplying the lack of electricity in non-interconnected areas solutions with diesel generation (Diesel-Gen) have been established, which are not sustainable in the long term, from an economic and environmental point of view (Rosso-Cerón, et al., 2015). Most of these households are located in non-interconnected areas, which are characterized by low population density (4 %), public services limited and undeveloped, people’s basic needs unsatisfied, and cover almost 66 % of the national territory including nearby 1,200 settlements, 16 departments, 91 towns and 2 million people (Castro, 2010).
    keywords: areas; case; energy; model; objective
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        item: #5289 of 7527
          id: cet-3661
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-3661
        date: 2016-11-02
       words: 2263
      flesch: 45
     summary: Organosolv process description The olive tree pruning was used as feedstock in the studied process, which was treated by ethanol water in the first step of biorefinery process. Velásquez-Arredondo et al. (2012), analysed the efficiency of biofuels production processes by exergy analysis.
    keywords: analysis; biomass; cellulose; exergy; losses; organosolv; process; stream
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        item: #5290 of 7527
          id: cet-3662
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-3662
        date: 2016-11-02
       words: 3234
      flesch: 41
     summary: This identified the possibility in principle of operation of catalytic converter gas emissions. One of the most common mathematical models in problems of gas dynamics is the continuum approximation, valid for describing gas flows in a wide range of flow settings.
    keywords: blades; converter; equations; flow; gas; gases; heat; mixture
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        item: #5291 of 7527
          id: cet-3663
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-3663
        date: 2016-11-02
       words: 3814
      flesch: 30
     summary: Today, CALS technologies are being implemented actively and successfully mostly at enterprises of the military-industrial complex. 3. Conclusions International practice shows that it takes five to seven years, from the time when the necessity of introducing CALS technologies in the manufacturing industry has been realized, to obtain tangible results of it.
    keywords: bessarabov; cals; chemical; data; engineering; information; product; stages; support; system; technologies
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        item: #5292 of 7527
          id: cet-3664
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-3664
        date: 2016-11-02
       words: 3604
      flesch: 56
     summary: CO2 adsorption capacity of the samples was found to be in the order of tri- > di- In this work, Activated carbon (AC) was functionalized with BZ via ring-opening polymerization to enhance CO2 adsorption capacity.
    keywords: adsorption; amine; capacity; co2; pbz; pbz(teta)/ac; wt%
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        item: #5293 of 7527
          id: cet-3665
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-3665
        date: 2016-11-02
       words: 2900
      flesch: 47
     summary: Meanwhile, authors have developed CO2 gas separation processes based on self-heat recuperation for power generation systems by post-combustion (Kishimoto et al., 2011) and pre-combustion (Kishimoto et al. 2012) from heat integration and process design points of view. In the conventional CO2 separation by absorption using amine based solutions, thermal energy is supplied from the bottom of a regenerator which utilizes reaction heat for regeneration of the solutions and heat of vaporization for stripping.
    keywords: co2; energy; gas; heat; process; pump; reaction; separation
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        item: #5294 of 7527
          id: cet-3666
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-3666
        date: 2016-11-02
       words: 3528
      flesch: 53
     summary: USA A numeric study was performed that compares the performance of heat exchangers using the Vipertex 1EHT enhanced heat transfer tubes to the performance of heat exchangers that use smooth surface tubes. Vipertex™ enhanced surfaces, have been designed and produced through material surface modifications that produce flow optimized heat transfer tubes that increase heat transfer.
    keywords: 1eht; case; design; heat; performance; surface; transfer; tubes; vipertex
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        item: #5295 of 7527
          id: cet-3667
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-3667
        date: 2016-11-02
       words: 2336
      flesch: 51
     summary: Activated carbons are the adsorbents with the most favourable characteristics for ANG storage, because they have a large microporous volume, are efficiently compacted into a packed bed, and can be cheaply DOI: 10.3303/CET1652021 Please cite this article as: Poomisitiporn K., Rangsunvigit P., Kitiyanan B., Kulprathipanja S., 2016, Competitive adsorption of methane and carbon dioxide on different activated carbons, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 52, 121-126 DOI:10.3303/CET1652021 121 mailto:Pramoch.r@chula.ac.th manufactured in large quantities (Esteves et al., 2008). Carbon-based materials, like activated carbons, are promising as an ANG storage adsorbent because of high surface area, high porosity, and high volumetric storage capacity.
    keywords: adsorption; carbon; ch4; co2; gas; methane; volume
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        item: #5296 of 7527
          id: cet-3668
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-3668
        date: 2016-11-02
       words: 2136
      flesch: 52
     summary: A publication of The Italian Association of Chemical Engineering Online at www.aidic.it/cet Guest Editors: Petar Sabev Varbanov, Peng-Yen Liew, Jun-Yow Yong, Jiří Jaromír Klemeš, Hon Loong Lam Copyright © 2016, AIDIC Servizi S.r.l., ISBN 978-88-95608-42-6; ISSN 2283-9216 Control of Solid Mass Flow Rate in Circulating Fluidized Bed by a Pulsed Gas Flow Masanori Ishizuka, Hiroyuki Mizuno, Yasuki Kansha, Atsushi Tsutsumi* Institute of Industrial Science, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8505, Japan a-tsu2mi@iis.u-tokyo.ac.jp As a coal-fired power generation technology for further improvement of power generation efficiency of coal- fired power generation, exergy recuperation type coal gasification power generation technology, a triple-bed circulating fluidized bed, has been proposed. Assuming a next-generation high-efficiency coal gasification combined cycle power generation (Tsutsumi), a triple-bed circulating fluidized bed (TBCFB) consists of riser as a combustion furnace, downer as pyrolysis furnace, bubbling fluidized bed as steam gasification reactor, has been proposed and developed as coal gasification reactor (Guan et al., 2010).
    keywords: bed; circuit; circulation; gas; pulse; riser
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        item: #5297 of 7527
          id: cet-3669
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-3669
        date: 2016-11-02
       words: 2802
      flesch: 44
     summary: Figure 1: SEM analysis of seaweed (a) and alginate extraction residues: (b) after first extraction and (c) after second extraction The images show irregular and porous structure with ruptures after the alginate extraction, since it is the major component of the algae’s cellular wall. Among the biomass which may be used, algae, like brown seaweeds, have been studied a lot because are extremely efficient, given that shows high ability to remove various toxic metals from contaminated DOI: 10.3303/CET1652023 Please cite this article as: Costa C. S. D., Cardoso S. L., Nishikawa E., Vieira M. G. A., da Silva M. G. C., 2016, Characterization of the residue from double alginate extraction from sargassum filipendula seaweed, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 52, 133-138 DOI:10.3303/CET1652023 133 wastewater.
    keywords: algae; alginate; chemical; cm-1; et al; extraction; residue; sargassum
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        item: #5298 of 7527
          id: cet-367
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 211.docx
        date: 2017-10-04
       words: 3226
      flesch: 55
     summary: Due to this, their optimisation model cannot be applied directly for design of heating medium system. Heating utility system like other central utility systems is a unique HIWN problem, as a single source (heating medium) is used to provide heating requirement to all its users.
    keywords: approach; cost; design; heating; medium; oil; system; temperature; utility
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        item: #5299 of 7527
          id: cet-3671
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-3671
        date: 2016-11-02
       words: 2701
      flesch: 50
     summary: Also hydrocarbons are first materials to be ignited the first, in this paper, the phenomenon denominated as hydrocarbon pool fire is studied. The Figure 1 present the problem denominated as hydrocarbon pool fire, the vast complexity in these types of phenomena resides in hundreds of elemental chemical reactions with intermediate processes that involve in a great number of chemical species simultaneously (Basevich, 2013).
    keywords: combustion; figure; fire; fuel; number; pool; reaction; temperature; values
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        item: #5300 of 7527
          id: cet-3672
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-3672
        date: 2016-11-02
       words: 2755
      flesch: 51
     summary: There are reports that anionic surfactants promote gas hydrate formation effectively (Mandal and Laik, 2008). Mandal A., Laik S., 2008, Effect of the promoter on gas hydrate formation and dissociation, Energy and Fuels, 22, 2527-2532.
    keywords: dissociation; formation; gas; hydrate; methane; sds; temperature
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        item: #5301 of 7527
          id: cet-3673
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-3673
        date: 2016-11-02
       words: 3028
      flesch: 52
     summary: In this research, THF and CTAB were used as hydrate promoters to investigate their effects on CO2 hydrate formation and dissociation. Gas hydrates can be used to develop technologies for transportation and storage of CO2 because hydrate formation provides unique gas storage properties.
    keywords: co2; formation; gas; hydrate; mol%; presence; system; thf
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        item: #5302 of 7527
          id: cet-3674
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-3674
        date: 2016-11-02
       words: 3929
      flesch: 56
     summary: This is done by developing energy efficiency concepts. Facing climate change and increasing energy costs, energy efficiency has to be increased at all stages of the energy chain from generation to final consumption.
    keywords: cooling; energy; heat; process; retort; steam; sterilization; temperature; water
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        item: #5303 of 7527
          id: cet-3675
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-3675
        date: 2016-11-02
       words: 3781
      flesch: 56
     summary: In order to show how is the Cr(III) distribution between the liquid phase and the solid phase at the equilibrium, biosorption isotherms were obtained at four different temperatures (20, 30, 40, 60 °C). The experimental and predicted isotherms are shown in Figure 2. 170 Figure 1: Effect of temperature on the biosorption of Cr(III) onto S-A particles (a) (b) Figure 2: Biosorption isotherms of Cr(III) onto S-A particles at temperatures of: (a) 20 and 30 °C, (b) 40 and 60 °C Non-linear regression analysis of the isotherm models was carried out in Statistica 7.0 software and the estimated constants are presented in Table 1, in conjunction with the correlation coefficient, 𝑅2, and mean absolute percentage deviation, 𝐷, calculated by Eq(2): 𝐷 = 1 𝑁 ∑| 𝑞𝑒𝑥𝑝 − 𝑞𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑 𝑞𝑒𝑥𝑝 | 𝑁 𝑖=1 × 100 (2) where, 𝑁 is the number of equilibrium data points, 𝑞𝑒𝑥𝑝 and 𝑞𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑 (mmol/g) are the experimental and predicted amount of Cr(III) biosorbed at the equilibrium.
    keywords: alginate; biosorption; cr(iii; mmol; particles; sericin
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        item: #5304 of 7527
          id: cet-3676
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-3676
        date: 2016-11-02
       words: 3517
      flesch: 50
     summary: Moreover, many nations are in the progress of increasing the share of renewables and energy efficiency, which impacts the framework conditions for industrial energy supply structures. Figure 6: Comparison locating a cheese factory of Norway, France, and the USA on the performance of various energy supply structures in 2015 Figure 7: Influence of energy transition in Germany for 2015, 2020, and 2030 including fossil fuel based systems
    keywords: chp; efficiency; electricity; emissions; energy; factory; gas; germany; heat; power; primary; steam; supply
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        item: #5305 of 7527
          id: cet-3677
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-3677
        date: 2016-11-02
       words: 2627
      flesch: 55
     summary: The composite curves of graphical method by Hohmann (1971) and problem table algorithm by Linnhoff and Flower (1978) and bath algorithm by Townsend and Linnhoff (1984) were useful in preliminary estimate of energy consumption targets. Energy integration of large-scale industrial sites with target-compatible sub- system division strategy.
    keywords: curve; integration; point; process; reactor; temperature
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        item: #5306 of 7527
          id: cet-3678
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-3678
        date: 2016-11-02
       words: 4153
      flesch: 53
     summary: Acid Insoluble Lignin (AIL) as well as Acid Soluble Lignin (ASL) were measured following the TAPPI UM250 um-83 standard for quantifying the purity of lignin samples. The lignin isolation process had an impact on the purity of lignin samples referred to the acid insoluble and soluble lignin.
    keywords: bagasse; bleaching; cellulose; leaves; lignin; process; samples; stages
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        item: #5307 of 7527
          id: cet-3679
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-3679
        date: 2016-11-02
       words: 4212
      flesch: 50
     summary: The aim of this work is to study the performances of Pt-Ni/CeO2-ZrO2 as catalyst for bio-ethanol steam reforming (ESR), with particular attention to the role of contaminants on catalyst stability. Further, at chosen operative conditions, a model mixture containing 1 mol% of the main bioethanol impurities (C2H4O, C3H7OH, C4H9OH, C5H11OH) was fed to the reformer and its effect on catalyst stability was studied at 450 °C, 15,000 h-1 and r.a.=6.
    keywords: bioethanol; carbon; catalyst; ceo2; ethanol; hydrogen; reforming; steam
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        item: #5308 of 7527
          id: cet-368
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 211.docx
        date: 2017-10-04
       words: 2937
      flesch: 44
     summary: Analysis of ammonia cycle integration was performed for energy price 330 $/kWy and Figure 4 shows that this value won’t be changed if energy prices will go up. Third case study was performed for energy price 365 $/kWy and Figure 6 shows that this solution will be stable for wide range of energy prices.
    keywords: approach; case; cost; energy; heat; hen; integration; prices; temperature
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        item: #5309 of 7527
          id: cet-3680
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-3680
        date: 2016-11-02
       words: 2055
      flesch: 52
     summary: Mathematical model requirements Model must take into account stages inlet/outlet ions to the ion-exchanger surface, ion exchange and complexation. Ion exchange can be described by dynamic equations of direct and reverse reactions.
    keywords: exchange; ion; phase
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        item: #5310 of 7527
          id: cet-3681
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-3681
        date: 2016-11-02
       words: 3455
      flesch: 45
     summary: Moreover, the realizations of operational uncertainties may be associated with that of strategic uncertainties. For instance, one might be less conservative towards strategic uncertainties and willing to explore all possibilities, but be more conservative towards operational uncertainties considering factors such as demand fulfill rate (Garcia and You, 2015a).
    keywords: chain; design; optimization; solution; stochastic; supply; uncertainties; uncertainty
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        item: #5311 of 7527
          id: cet-3682
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-3682
        date: 2016-11-02
       words: 3122
      flesch: 47
     summary: Using hydrogen in crude oil processes is one of the most important advances in refining technology in the twentieth century (Speight, 2014). The MSE values of aggregated neural network models on the training, testing and unseen validation data are quite consistent.
    keywords: bootstrap; data; figure; hydrotreating; model; network; neural; oil; optimisation; process
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        item: #5312 of 7527
          id: cet-3683
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-3683
        date: 2016-11-02
       words: 3482
      flesch: 53
     summary: The approximate analytical method for solving the following problems: physical absorption of poorly soluble gas and chemisorption with partly reversible reaction of the second order with specially allowance for the kinetics of surface reaction has been submitted. The paper deals with the methods for approximately analytical and numerical solving the non-self-similar problems of film absorption, accompanied by the partly reversible reaction of a second order.
    keywords: diffusion; film; reaction; surface; uaj
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        item: #5313 of 7527
          id: cet-3684
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-3684
        date: 2016-11-02
       words: 3379
      flesch: 48
     summary: High performance Ni–Sm0.15Ce0.85O2−δ cermet anodes for intermediate temperature solid oxide fuel cells using LaGaO3 based oxide electrolyte, Solid State Ionics, 174(1–4), 49-55. The main cause of the decrease of cell performance is an increase of the anode concentration overpotential with a thicker anode as a shown in Figure 3(b).
    keywords: anode; cathode; cell; electrolyte; model; operating; overpotentials; sdc; sofc; temperature; thickness
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        item: #5314 of 7527
          id: cet-3685
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-3685
        date: 2016-11-02
       words: 3256
      flesch: 39
     summary: Conclusions The validation method for evaluation of model variables simulation of practical production by the example of fluorine production was presented in general, taking into account its applicability for computer training and conditions of indeterminacy of simulation object input signals. At the first stage the validation quality of separate process variables is evaluated.
    keywords: emergency; evaluation; experts; model; process; simulation; stage; variables
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        item: #5315 of 7527
          id: cet-3686
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-3686
        date: 2016-11-02
       words: 3637
      flesch: 52
     summary: 50 100 150 200 250 300 T * * [ °C ] H [MJ/tp] HTHW LTHW Site Sink Profile (after flue gas heat recovery) Site Source Profile CHW Heat Pump Condenser 238 Figure 3: Combined heat and power system using Total Site Profiles. TSHI can aid the selection of the condenser pressure and identify the method for its integration, either direct with process stream and/or via the hot water utility network, using the appropriate placement principle for heat pumps (Yang et al., 2014).
    keywords: boiler; design; energy; heat; milk; process; use; utility
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        item: #5316 of 7527
          id: cet-3687
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-3687
        date: 2016-11-02
       words: 2801
      flesch: 47
     summary: For large scale biodiesel manufacturers, crude glycerol can be refined into a pure form and then be used in food, pharmaceutical, or cosmetics industries. In order to convert crude glycerol into valued-added products through thermo-chemical methods with an alternative for utilizing this waste stream.
    keywords: biodiesel; cost; engineering; gas; glycerol; hydrogen; plant; process; production
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        item: #5317 of 7527
          id: cet-3688
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-3688
        date: 2016-11-02
       words: 2805
      flesch: 54
     summary: (2014) the problems of robust stability analysis and robust control of linear discrete-time periodic systems is investigated. A publication of The Italian Association of Chemical Engineering Online at www.aidic.it/cet Guest Editors: Petar Sabev Varbanov, Peng-Yen Liew, Jun-Yow Yong, Jiří Jaromír Klemeš, Hon Loong Lam Copyright © 2016, AIDIC Servizi S.r.l., ISBN 978-88-95608-42-6; ISSN 2283-9216 Robust Controller Design for a Heat Exchanger Anna Vasičkaninová*, Monika Bakošová, Ľuboš Čirka, Martin Kalúz Slovak University of Technology in Bratislava, Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Institute of Information Engineering, Automation, and Mathematics, Radlinského 9, 812 37 Bratislava, Slovak Republic anna.vasickaninova@stuba.sk The aim of the paper is to show the benefits of two advanced control strategies in heat exchanger control.
    keywords: control; controller; design; exchanger; figure; heat; system; transfer
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        item: #5318 of 7527
          id: cet-3689
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-3689
        date: 2016-11-02
       words: 3429
      flesch: 59
     summary: DOI: 10.3303/CET1652043 Please cite this article as: Oravec J., Bakošová M., Meszáros A., 2016, Robust model predictive control of heat exchangers in series, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 52, 253-258 DOI:10.3303/CET1652043 253 Figure 1: Scheme of the HEN: (1) input stream, (2) product, (3) 3rd HE, (4) 2nd HE, (5) 1st 3. Results and discussion The simulation results of robust model predictive control of HEN were obtained using 1.7 GHz and 4 GB RAM.
    keywords: case; control; heat; stream; temperature
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        item: #5319 of 7527
          id: cet-369
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 211.docx
        date: 2017-10-04
       words: 3053
      flesch: 54
     summary: Pyrolysis oil was measured by GC, HPLC or even FTIR. Because of to increase the yields of volatiles and affect the composition of gases and pyrolysis oil, different catalysts were used: H/ZSM-5, Fe(III)/ZSM-5, Ni/ZSM-5 and Cu/ZSM-5.
    keywords: catalyst; oil; pyrolysis; reactor; stage; waste; wt%
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        item: #5320 of 7527
          id: cet-3690
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-3690
        date: 2016-11-02
       words: 3119
      flesch: 51
     summary: Kinetics of gas absorption are measured by recording the absolute pressure drop through a DRUCK pressure transducer, working in the range (0 to 250) kPa. The increase in the DEA mass fraction causes an increase of the absorption rate, upon reaching a loading rate of 0.25 moles of H2S / mole of DEA at T = 60 °C; absorption rates are then comparable (see Figure 4).
    keywords: absorption; dea; gas; h2s; methanol; rate; temperature; water
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        item: #5321 of 7527
          id: cet-3691
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-3691
        date: 2020-05-15
       words: 4571
      flesch: 62
     summary: The corresponding equations are written in the following form: 𝜌𝑘 𝐶𝑝𝑘 �̇�𝑘 𝑑𝑇𝑘 𝑑𝑥 = �̇�𝑘 ; −𝜆𝑘 𝑑𝑇𝑘 𝑑𝑦 | Г + = 𝛼𝑘Г + (𝑇𝑘Г + − 𝑇 +) ; 𝜆𝑘 𝑑2 𝑇𝑘 𝑑𝑦2 = �̇�𝑘 ; −𝜆𝑘 𝑑𝑇𝑘 𝑑𝑦 | Г − = 𝛼𝑘Г − (𝑇𝑘Г − − 𝑇 −) . − 𝑇 −]
    keywords: flow; heat; − ∙; − 𝑇𝑘г; 𝑇 −; 𝛼г −
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        item: #5322 of 7527
          id: cet-3692
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-3692
        date: 2016-11-02
       words: 2279
      flesch: 38
     summary: Measurements taken with the thermovision camera made it possible to determine the values of channel surface temperature, and to average those values. Introduction Currently, numerical simulations have become a tool that is widely used both in research and engineering applications.
    keywords: channel; heat; pulsator; simulations; surface; temperature; transfer
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        item: #5323 of 7527
          id: cet-3693
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-3693
        date: 2016-11-02
       words: 3537
      flesch: 35
     summary: Conclusions The results of these studies show the effectiveness of the use of secondary catalysts carriers synthesized by the newly developed method, which allows carrying out the process of the formation of the catalyst in a relaxed state. Catalytic surface is also characterized by clearly expressed with smooth lines of grooves edges, the lack of cracking, chipping, which indicates the active processes of glass transition at the moment the layer of palladium oxide catalyst formation and consequently possible redistribution of parts of palladium oxide from a coating surface to its bulk.
    keywords: benzene; carrier; catalyst; chemical; coating; conversion; gas; layer; surface; temperature
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        item: #5324 of 7527
          id: cet-3694
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-3694
        date: 2016-11-02
       words: 3020
      flesch: 43
     summary: Figure 2: Total water consumption and contribution of each stage as functions of the maximal allowed total protein concentration These research groups had previous experience with the design of membrane cascades to purify liquids (Abejón et al., 2012) and gases (Mourgues and Sanchez-Marcano, 2012) and decided to share the acquired knowledges to advance in the design of integrated membrane systems (combining UF and NF modules) for hydrolysate fractionation.
    keywords: costs; membrane; process; protein; recovery; stage; stream; water
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        item: #5325 of 7527
          id: cet-3695
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-3695
        date: 2016-11-02
       words: 4242
      flesch: 50
     summary: Corella J., Narvaez I., Orìo A., 1996, Criteria for selection of dolomites and catalysts for tar elimination from biomass gasification gas; kinetic constants, VTT Symposium, 163, 177–183. D’Orazio A., Rapagnà, S., Foscolo P.U., Gallucci K., Nacken M., Heidenreich S., Di Carlo A., Dell’Era A., 2015, Gas conditioning in H2 rich syngas production by biomass steam gasification:
    keywords: air; bed; biomass; dolomite; gases; gasification; olivine; particles; steam; tar
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        item: #5326 of 7527
          id: cet-3696
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-3696
        date: 2016-11-02
       words: 4104
      flesch: 53
     summary: By feeding reactants at room temperature, heat recovery module was able to effectively transfer heat from exhaust gases out-coming from ATR module to the reactants, resulting in a stream temperature ranging from 325 °C and 360 °C. In this way, metal based honeycomb monoliths and foams are selected as the best supports for ATR catalytic systems.
    keywords: atr; gas; heat; hydrogen; module; system; temperature; vol; wgs
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        item: #5327 of 7527
          id: cet-3697
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-3697
        date: 2016-11-02
       words: 3845
      flesch: 35
     summary: The comparison between prepared monoliths and commercial catalysts was investigated; the results were summarized in Figure 1 and Figure 2: the results highlighted better performances of monolithic catalysts for temperatures higher than 600 °C with respect to the commercial formulation, allowing a methane conversion on commercial catalyst at 700 °C of about 61 %, while monolithic samples assured a conversion close to 73 %. A publication of The Italian Association of Chemical Engineering Online at www.aidic.it/cet Guest Editors: Petar Sabev Varbanov, Peng-Yen Liew, Jun-Yow Yong, Jiří Jaromír Klemeš, Hon Loong Lam Copyright © 2016, AIDIC Servizi S.r.l., ISBN 978-88-95608-42-6; ISSN 2283-9216 Innovative Catalytic Systems for Methane Steam Reforming Intensification Vincenzo Palma, Antonio Ricca, Marco Martino, Eugenio Meloni University of Salerno, Department of Industrial Engineering, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 132 - 84084 Fisciano (SA), Italy aricca@unisa.it Structured catalysts based on highly conductive carriers, can improve the heat transfer along the catalytic bed, allowing a flattened radial temperature gradient and a consequently higher performance.
    keywords: catalysts; ceria; cordierite; hydrogen; methane; samples; sic; temperature; washcoat
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        item: #5328 of 7527
          id: cet-3698
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-3698
        date: 2016-11-02
       words: 3353
      flesch: 54
     summary: Microwave pyrolysis promotes the heterogeneous catalytic reaction and produces greater concentration of syngas and hydrogen in the product gas than convectional pyrolysis. In this work the influence of various parameters of microwave pyrolysis of spruce sawdust (microwave power, particle size, ratio of sawdust and char, pyrolysis duration, etc.) was studied to maximize the yield of hydrogen, or syngas.
    keywords: heating; material; microwave; process; products; pyrolysis; sawdust; syngas; water
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        item: #5329 of 7527
          id: cet-3699
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-3699
        date: 2016-11-02
       words: 2564
      flesch: 51
     summary: Aiming to add as few new exchangers as possible, the objective function is a weighed sum of the total utility consumption and the total 315 number of new heat exchangers. Subsequently, a MINLP model is solved to determine which new process exchangers should be added in order to minimize the total utility consumption.
    keywords: bridge; exchanger; heat; network; new; process
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        item: #5330 of 7527
          id: cet-370
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 211.docx
        date: 2017-10-04
       words: 3758
      flesch: 40
     summary: It was shown by BET, XRD and TEM methods that the Mn catalyst contains crystalline CeO2 and nanoparticles of Mn2O3 (d = 30 - 40 Ǻ), the amount of which decreases by heating to 1,173 K through a partial interaction with rare earth elements with the formation of La(Ce)MnO3, CeAlO3, then LaMnAl11O19 hexaaluminate at 1,273 – 1,473 K. The aim of the work is the development of active polyoxide Mn catalysts for deep oxidation of poor methane and propane- butane mixtures to CO2 for use in catalytic heat generators, solving environmental problems and studying the thermal stability of the developed catalysts. The high efficiency and thermal stability of Mn catalysts was due to the presence of dispersed Mn oxides in their composition, which form perovskites on heating on the one hand, and on the other hand - Mn hexaaluminates that are active in the oxidation of CH4.
    keywords: al2o3; catalysts; ch4; mnreeaee; oxidation
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        item: #5331 of 7527
          id: cet-3700
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-3700
        date: 2016-11-02
       words: 2949
      flesch: 40
     summary: Since transport operation energy consumption compared with construction energy consumption in lifespan is much higher, new infrastructure on new location or repairing construction on the present layout has no big difference in optimized layout. Because the high-speed railways deliver lower transport operational energy consumption per unit than the civil aviation whiles the civil aviation has an advantage over no fixed track construction energy consumption.
    keywords: aviation; construction; consumption; energy; model; passenger; railways; speed; transport
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        item: #5332 of 7527
          id: cet-3701
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-3701
        date: 2016-11-02
       words: 3881
      flesch: 55
     summary: The proposed method for water purification using EDM process is also one of the stages of the water purification process. Mathematical model for EDM process of water purification To determine the change in impurity concentration in the treated water it is necessary to determine the erosion products concentration, which are formed during the EDM process.
    keywords: edm; process; purification; water;  
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        item: #5333 of 7527
          id: cet-3702
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-3702
        date: 2016-11-02
       words: 2634
      flesch: 53
     summary: The present paper is proposing optimization of crystallization process. This paper proposes optimization of uranium crystallization process to provide insight into the trade-offs between performance and robustness explicitly.
    keywords: acs; controller; mpc; pid; process; setup; value
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        item: #5334 of 7527
          id: cet-3703
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-3703
        date: 2016-11-02
       words: 3033
      flesch: 53
     summary: This paper introduces a new graphical approach for revamping of existing heat exchanger networks (HENs) based on pinch analysis rules. 6. Conclusions A new graphical technique has been developed based on temperature driving forces across exchangers to revamp and analyze existing heat exchanger networks.
    keywords: exchanger; heat; hen; pinch; revamping; temperature
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        item: #5335 of 7527
          id: cet-3704
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-3704
        date: 2016-11-02
       words: 2755
      flesch: 42
     summary: By the evaluation of all the results presented, it was found that F2 and F3 particles showed the best properties for drug incorporation. F2 and F3 particles showed the best properties for drug incorporation by the evaluation of all results presented.
    keywords: alginate; blend; drug; incorporation; particles; sericin; size; sodium
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        item: #5336 of 7527
          id: cet-3705
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-3705
        date: 2016-11-02
       words: 3444
      flesch: 49
     summary: The ratio of air integration and nitrogen injection are treated as variable, while the related constraints are also added. The simultaneous optimisation and mass integration including nitrogen injection, steam injection and air integration, is achieved.
    keywords: air; asu; case; gas; igcc; integration; pressure; temperature; turbine
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        item: #5337 of 7527
          id: cet-3706
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-3706
        date: 2016-11-02
       words: 3813
      flesch: 73
     summary: iT - T - wv - wv ,i ,i , j ,p      (18) where, minT is the minimum temperature differences. i j p hh ccT T - - wv - wv ,i ,i , j ,p     (8)  , , , , , , hh cc er aM 2
    keywords: heat; integration; j j; j p; j uj; p ; tasks;  
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        item: #5338 of 7527
          id: cet-3707
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-3707
        date: 2016-11-02
       words: 3314
      flesch: 42
     summary: When the impact of SOFC temperature and SOFC pressure on the cell performance is determined, it can be found that the results of internal reforming SOFC have a same trend with external reforming. Figure 5 presents the power density and SOFC efficiency of internal reforming SOFC as a function of S/C ratio.
    keywords: biogas; density; efficiency; power; reforming; sofc; steam; temperature
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        item: #5339 of 7527
          id: cet-3708
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-3708
        date: 2016-11-02
       words: 3484
      flesch: 57
     summary: In particular, it was suggested that light trapping DOI: 10.3303/CET1652062 Please cite this article as: Kim D. I., Nam S.-H., Hwang K.-H., Lee Y.-M., Boo J.-H., 2016, Glass texturing affects optical properties of perovskite solar cells: comparison study between mesoscopic and planar structure, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 52, 367-372 DOI:10.3303/CET1652062 367 would have important benefits for solar cells and that high efficiency can be maintained without a mesoporous layer. The perovskite solar cells brought about technological innovation when the first solid-state mesoscopic heterojunction perovskite solar cell was introduced in 2012 (Kim et al., 2012).
    keywords: cell; glass; layer; light; perovskite; scattering; texturing; transmittance; trapping
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        item: #5340 of 7527
          id: cet-3709
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-3709
        date: 2016-11-02
       words: 3611
      flesch: 51
     summary: 2. Materials and Methods The effects of LHW treatment and subsequent EO treatment were tracked over time using five small (45 mL) reactors for later use in the creation of a kinetic model. 2.2 Large Batch LWH Pretreatment A 1 L high pressure autoclave (HDA 9/16, Zirbus, Germany) was used to prepare the feedstock for the organosolv experiments by LHW treatment of wheat straw.
    keywords: lhw; lignin; products; reactors; straw; time; treatment; yields
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        item: #5341 of 7527
          id: cet-371
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 211.docx
        date: 2017-10-04
       words: 2721
      flesch: 51
     summary: However, target products yield is significantly higher for SHS catalysts: hydrogen yield is about 48 – 51 % on the supported catalysts, and ~ 80 % on SHS catalysts; CO yield is about 40 – 42 % on supported catalysts, while about 90 % on SHS catalysts. The interest to SHS catalysts is growing every year and now many countries intensively working with SHS and combustion synthesis catalysts: Russian Federation, USA, Kazakhstan, Japan, Armenia, Greece, Brazil, China, Spain, Korea, India, etc. (Varma et al., 2016).
    keywords: al2o3; catalysts; conversion; methane; nio; reaction; shs
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        item: #5342 of 7527
          id: cet-3710
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-3710
        date: 2016-11-02
       words: 1649
      flesch: 43
     summary: CA crystallization process description include next steps: 1) determination of rules of the system evolution; 2) determination of processes which occur during crystallization such as latent heat release during crystallization and the decrease of solution concentration in neighbourhood of the crystallized cell; DOI: 10.3303/CET1652064 Please cite this article as: Ochoa Bique A. O., Serikov D. A., Goryunov A. G., Manenti F., 2016, Cellular automata application for simulation of uranium crystallization process, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 52, 379-384 DOI:10.3303/CET1652064 379 3) acceptance of assumptions that simplify implementation of the model but do not affect results of the research. CA approach is preferable for crystallization process to get a high purity of reprocessed materials.
    keywords: crystallization; figure; process; purity; state
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        item: #5343 of 7527
          id: cet-3711
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-3711
        date: 2016-11-02
       words: 2974
      flesch: 48
     summary: References Almeida C., Vaz S., Ziegler F., 2015, Environmental life cycle assessment of canned sardine product from Portugal, Journal Industrial Ecology, 19, 607-617. Life cycle impact assessment results The life cycle impact assessment (LCIA) was conducted with the LCA software GaBi 6.0 (PE International, 2014) and using the indicator Global Warming (GW) owing to the characteristics of this sector.
    keywords: anchovy; assessment; bat; cycle; lca; life; management; residues
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        item: #5344 of 7527
          id: cet-3712
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 397_66_pag391.docx
        date: 2016-11-02
       words: 3073
      flesch: 50
     summary: In order to measure the nanoparticles growth, the liquid-solid aerosol was sampled at the growth-tube exit and the particle size distributions were monitored using the Laser Aerosol Spectometer TSI 3340 (11) that is able to measure both liquid and solid with particle size between 90 nm and 7.5 µm, with a maximum particles flow rate of 3,000 particles/s. Downstream the removal unit, the aerosol size distribution (ASD) and the total number concentration were measured using a scanning mobility particle size (SMPS TSI Model 3910) Dp, nm 100 200 300 400 500 φ (D p) 0,0 0,2 0,4 0,6 0,8 1,0 Inlet Isothermal T=50°C T=60°C T=70°C T=80°C Figure 4: Cumulative distribution functions of the OptiBind aerosol at different water film temperature a) T, °C 30 50 60 70 80 η to t, - 0,0 0,2 0,4 0,6 0,8 1,0 b) dp, nm 11 15 20 27 36 48 64 86 11 5 15 4 20 5 η , - 0,0 0,2 0,4 0,6 0,8 1,0 Isothermal T=50°C T=60°C T=70°C T=80°C Figure 2: Total particle removal efficiency (a) and removal efficiency with the particle size (b) as function of the water film temperature in the growth-tube The nanoparticles abatement was studied by evaluating the total particle removal efficiency and the removal efficiency for each particle size at different water film temperatures.
    keywords: aerosol; bubble; column; efficiency; growth; particle; phase; removal; tube; water
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        item: #5345 of 7527
          id: cet-3713
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-3713
        date: 2016-11-02
       words: 3624
      flesch: 59
     summary: Modelling and optimisation for design of hydrogen networks for multi- period operation. Synthesis of hydrogen network with hydrogen header of intermediate purity.
    keywords: consumption; cost; figure; hydrogen; network; reactor; source
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        item: #5346 of 7527
          id: cet-3714
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-3714
        date: 2016-11-02
       words: 3325
      flesch: 58
     summary: Previous studies have introduced the idea of utilising process heat recovery pockets to assist TSHI. Process heat recovery pockets can assist in increasing TS heat recovery.
    keywords: heat; pocket; process; recovery; shaft; work
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        item: #5347 of 7527
          id: cet-3715
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-3715
        date: 2016-11-02
       words: 3753
      flesch: 47
     summary: Concerning the kinetic studies, the literature works are focused mainly on cadmium adsorption and, among them, Di Natale et al.( 2014) showed that cadmium adsorption rate presents different control mechanisms, depending on a critical uptake value. Erto et al. (2015) showed that cadmium adsorption capacity is affected by the presence of zinc in solution, while zinc adsorption is almost independent on cadmium presence.
    keywords: adsorption; cadmium; carbon; mmol; system; zinc
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        item: #5348 of 7527
          id: cet-3716
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-3716
        date: 2016-11-02
       words: 3575
      flesch: 46
     summary: In the framework of the carbon capture and storage (CCS) approach, post-combustion purification systems for CO2 capture from flue-gas have the greatest near-term potential to mitigate CO2 environmental impacts, as they can be retrofitted to existing emission sources (Erto et al., 2015). The use of alkali metal-based sorbents (e.g. K2CO3) is considered a cost-effective and an energy-efficient technology for CO2 capture when compared with the conventional MEA process (Zhao et al., 2013).
    keywords: capture; carbonate; carbonation; co2; k2co3; potassium; process; raw; sorbent; sup
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        item: #5349 of 7527
          id: cet-3717
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-3717
        date: 2016-11-02
       words: 3292
      flesch: 60
     summary: It was found that the experimental data were well described by induction charging model and a corrective factor of 0.243 was necessary to have a perfect coincidence between them. To take into account for the effect of charging potential on liquid sheet breakup, we introduced a dependence of surface tension on the droplet charge, while liquid density and viscosity were assumed as constant.
    keywords: bar; breakup; charge; charging; induction; liquid; nozzle; spray; water
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        item: #5350 of 7527
          id: cet-3718
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-3718
        date: 2016-11-02
       words: 3302
      flesch: 52
     summary: These are 4.2 to 4.8 kWh/m³ for hydrogen product pressure at 25.81 bar(a) (Ivy, 2014). Afterwards pressure swing adsorption (PSA) provides upgrading of hydrogen to the required quality (Ruthven, 1984).
    keywords: adsorption; cut; energy; gas; hydrogen; pressure; process; recovery; simulation; stage
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        item: #5351 of 7527
          id: cet-3719
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-3719
        date: 2016-11-02
       words: 2923
      flesch: 54
     summary: Figure 1: Membrane module and its dimensions 434 The properties for these different gases and the experimental operating conditions can be seen in Table 1. The new tool is capable of modelling membrane modules resolved in temporal and spatial dimensions.
    keywords: cfd; figure; flow; mass; membrane; module; permeate
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        item: #5352 of 7527
          id: cet-372
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 211.docx
        date: 2017-10-04
       words: 3238
      flesch: 53
     summary: Deng (1997) used 276 nm, but not suitable for PDS desulfurization solution polysulfide measurement. In addition to sulfide polysulfide solution, there are other water-soluble components including sodium carbonate, sodium bicarbonate, sodium thiocyanate, sodium thiosulfate, sodium sulphite, sodium sulfate and PDS.
    keywords: sodium; solution;  
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        item: #5353 of 7527
          id: cet-3720
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-3720
        date: 2016-11-02
       words: 2760
      flesch: 52
     summary: In the next stage of project multi-component adsorption (Doung, 1998) simulations will be carried out to find out more in detail about effect of different packing types on quality of adsorption. In this study we are not looking at the adsorption in packed beds therefore, the applicability of adsorpFoam for the simulation of fluid flow in the packed beds was demonstrated.
    keywords: adsorption; bed; distribution; figure; flow; packing; particles
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        item: #5354 of 7527
          id: cet-3721
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-3721
        date: 2016-11-02
       words: 3435
      flesch: 37
     summary: 3.3 Catalytic activity tests All the deposition tests were performed at the operating engine conditions of 920 rpm and Poil = 30 bar, with a fixed flow rate into the filter of about 110 L/min, with the exhaust gas temperature of 200 °C, and with a soot concentration in the exhaust gas of about 45 mg/m3.The deposition and MW assisted regeneration phases were performed following the previously optimized procedure (Palma et al., 2015a).The behaviour of the pressure drop through the filter (DP) during the soot deposition phase as function of the deposition time for a 20 %wt catalytic filter with and without modified porosity is reported in Figure 4. Figure 4: DP as function of soot deposition time for a 20 %wt catalytic filter with and without modified porosity From Figure 4 is evident that the porosity modifying procedure results in better filter performances, since with the same active species load the time needed to reach the limit value of DP (about 550 mbar) increase from about 450 to about 750 min: this important result allows to consequently decrease the frequency of regeneration step.
    keywords: diesel; filter; min; regeneration; soot; time
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        item: #5355 of 7527
          id: cet-3722
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-3722
        date: 2016-11-02
       words: 2975
      flesch: 35
     summary: 2. Methodology of carrying out experimental researches The given work considers opportunity to use natural sorbents of Kazakhstan (zeolites (Z), bentonites (B), and their mixes) as basic components of catalyst carriers of gas purification. The researches were carried out with the help of optical metallographic microscope Olympus BX 51 for defining grains size and other properties of original natural zeolites and bentonites, as well as catalyst carriers on their basis.
    keywords: catalysts; figure; surface; temperature
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        item: #5356 of 7527
          id: cet-3723
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-3723
        date: 2016-11-02
       words: 4181
      flesch: 52
     summary: The aim of this paper is to investigate the selection of utility temperatures (both supply and target) on fuel consumption, power generation, and energy cost using the UTST method. 2.2 Utility temperature selection and optimisation method The selection and optimisation of non-isothermal (e.g. hot water) utility temperatures has been investigated using the new Unified TSHI method.
    keywords: heat; method; supply; target; temperature; utilities; utility
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        item: #5357 of 7527
          id: cet-3724
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-3724
        date: 2016-11-02
       words: 3848
      flesch: 34
     summary: Makaruk A., Miltner M., Harasek M., 2010, Membrane biogas upgrading processes for the production of natural gas substitute, Separation and Purification Technology, 74(1), 83–92, DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2010.05.010. Biogas upgrading is commonly accepted as state-of-the-art and a considerable number of small and industrial scale plants have been commissioned to date representing the portfolio of currently available upgrading technologies.
    keywords: biogas; biomethane; co2; energy; membrane; plant; power; process; upgrading
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        item: #5358 of 7527
          id: cet-3725
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-3725
        date: 2016-11-02
       words: 3433
      flesch: 55
     summary: Desulfurization at 400°C Regeneration of the ZnO Sorbent at 500°C CO2 Removal at 700°C Regeneration of the CaO Sorbent at 900°C Water-Gas Shift Clean Syngas Raw Syngas Sulfur-Free Syngas HCl Removal at 400°C Flue Gas CO2 Solid Sorbent Solid Sorbent Figure 2: Process flow diagram of warm gas clean-up 2.3 Methanation processes Syngas after gas conditioning processes is delivered to methanation processes to generate methane. Natural gas is one of the options to reduce the GHG emissions due to lower CO2 emission in electricity generation.
    keywords: biomass; clean; co2; coal; energy; gas; processes; sng; syngas
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        item: #5359 of 7527
          id: cet-3726
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-3726
        date: 2016-11-02
       words: 3511
      flesch: 46
     summary: Nowadays, three different electrolysis techniques are applied: mercury, diaphragm, and membrane cell technology. Figure 1: Diagram of the chlor-alkali process: salt mining, brine preparation and purification, electrolysis cell and processing of NaOH, H2 and Cl2 ROCK SALT MINING SOLUTION MINING SOLAR SALT MINING KCL WASTE MINING VACUUM SALT TRANSPORT PRIMARY BRINE DEPURATION (close or open circuit) SECONDARY BRINE DEPURATION MERCURY CELL MEMBRANE CELL DIAPHRAGM CELL Cl2 PROCESSING NaOH PROCESSING (Mercury) H2 PROCESSING NaOH 50% Cl2 H2 SUBSYSTEM 1: Salt mining SUBSYSTEM 2: Brine preparation SUBSYSTEM 3: Technologies SUBSYSTEM 4: Treatment ENERGY WATER MATERIALS AIR EMISSIONS WATER EMISSIONS SOLID WASTES ODC CELL NaOH PROCESSING (Diaphragm, membrane & ODC)
    keywords: alkali; cell; chlor; cycle; electrolysis; energy; life; membrane; salt
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        item: #5360 of 7527
          id: cet-3727
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-3727
        date: 2016-11-02
       words: 3307
      flesch: 38
     summary: A molybdenum promotion effect was recently reported, for Pt-carbon supported catalysts, increasing the turnover frequency up to a factor of 4000 (Sener et al., 2016); while a comparative study of platinum catalysts supported on M-doped cerium oxide (M = Ca, La, Mg, Zn, Zr, Yb, Y, Gd) have shown a promotion effect on the activity, depending on the nature of the dopant, varying in the order of Yb>Gd>Zr>Mg>La>CeO2(undoped) > Comparative studies, on the activity of ceria/zirconia supported noble metals catalysts, showed the highest activity of platinum in the temperature range 473-593 K (Radhakrishnan et al., 2006), moreover in our previous studies the role of the support was investigated (Palma et al., 2014, 2015), highlighting the excellent performance of the ceria/zirconia system, however, these systems suffer of serious deactivation, by sintering and coking (Zalc et al., 2002), in real process conditions and a high methane selectivity (Torrente-Murciano et al., 2015).
    keywords: activity; catalysts; cezro4; gas; shift; temperature; water
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        item: #5361 of 7527
          id: cet-3728
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-3728
        date: 2016-11-02
       words: 4536
      flesch: 51
     summary: A publication of The Italian Association of Chemical Engineering Online at www.aidic.it/cet Guest Editors: Petar Sabev Varbanov, Peng-Yen Liew, Jun-Yow Yong, Jiří Jaromír Klemeš, Hon Loong Lam Copyright © 2016, AIDIC Servizi S.r.l., ISBN 978-88-95608-42-6; ISSN 2283-9216 Efficient Flow Modelling in Equipment Containing Porous Elements Vojtěch Turek*, Dominika Fialová, Zdeněk Jegla Institute of Process Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Brno University of Technology, Technická 2, 616 69 Brno, Czech Republic turek@fme.vutbr.cz Possible ways to model flow distribution and pressure drop in process and power equipment containing porous elements (e.g. tube sheets of dense tube bundles of recuperative heat exchangers, matrices of regenerative heat exchangers, packed beds of catalytic converters, etc.) are discussed. This is why it makes sense to develop simplified, fast, and automatable flow distribution models which can then be used effortlessly by process engineers.
    keywords: cfd; distribution; flow; heat; mesh; modelling; models; pressure; solution; tube
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        item: #5362 of 7527
          id: cet-3729
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-3729
        date: 2016-11-02
       words: 2288
      flesch: 33
     summary: In general, the intensity of the convective heat transfer can be expressed by the following equation: q=h(Text - Tamb) (1) where q is the average heat flux lost from the radiator surface, h is the average convective heat transfer coefficient, Text and Tamb denote temperatures of radiator surface and ambient, respectively. After necessary modifications and extension of the numerical model, the presented approach to heat dissipation from radiator surface will be used in further research on the heat transfer by forced convection when the air flow along the radiator is induced by a fan.
    keywords: heat; radiator; surface; temperature; transfer; values
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        item: #5363 of 7527
          id: cet-373
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 211.docx
        date: 2017-10-04
       words: 3523
      flesch: 49
     summary: Available methods for removal of phenols from resorcinol wastewater include activated carbon adsorption (Caturla et al., 1988), solid-phase extraction (Masque et al., 1998), emulsion liquid membrane (Balasubramanian and Venkatesan, 2012), electrocoagulation (Adhoum and Monser, 2004), chemical oxidation (Namasivayam and Sumithra, 2007), peroxidase treatment (Caza et al., 1999), activated sludge process (Mulas and Skogestad, 2005). Activated carbon adsorption The wastewater was pretreated with above mentioned condensation and neutralization.
    keywords: ammonium; carbon; content; formaldehyde; organics; resorcinol; sulphate; table; water
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        item: #5364 of 7527
          id: cet-3730
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-3730
        date: 2016-11-02
       words: 3440
      flesch: 58
     summary: P-graph methodology for biomass processing process synthesis As noted previously there was very little profit differential between solutions in region 1 and all six profitable products were present within this region. Feedstock cost has always been the major cost component in most biomass based products.
    keywords: biomass; cost; fuel; graph; kraft; processing; products; pulp; residues; wood
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        item: #5365 of 7527
          id: cet-3731
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-3731
        date: 2016-11-02
       words: 3732
      flesch: 55
     summary: As regard the effects of electric charge on mass transfer rate, the pertinent literature provided three main indications related to: i) the reduction of droplets surface tension; ii) the occurrence of turbulence phenomena DOI: 10.3303/CET1652085 Please cite this article as: Di Natale F., Carotenuto C., Lancia A., 2016, Enhanced so2 removal by using charged water droplets, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 52, 505-510 DOI:10.3303/CET1652085 505 on the droplets surface and iii) the occurrence of electrostatic interactions between charged droplets and dipoles of gas molecules, as SO2. A publication of The Italian Association of Chemical Engineering Online at www.aidic.it/cet Guest Editors: Petar Sabev Varbanov, Peng-Yen Liew, Jun-Yow Yong, Jiří Jaromír Klemeš, Hon Loong Lam Copyright © 2016, AIDIC Servizi S.r.l., ISBN 978-88-95608-42-6; ISSN 2283-9216 Enhanced SO2Removal by Using Charged Water Droplets Francesco Di Natale*a, Claudia Carotenutob, Amedeo Lanciaa a University of Naples, Department of Chemical, Material and Production Engineering, P.le Tecchio 80, 80125 Napoli, Italy, bThe Second University of Naples, Department of Information and Industrial Engineering, Via Roma 29, 81031, Aversa (CE), Italy francesco.dinatale@unina.it This paper reports preliminary results on the absorption of SO2 from water charged droplets, produced by an electrospray operated in dripping mode.
    keywords: absorption; charge; droplets; gas; mass; so2; surface; time; transfer; water
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        item: #5366 of 7527
          id: cet-3732
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-3732
        date: 2016-11-02
       words: 4009
      flesch: 42
     summary: Comparative results of the cycles show that the increase of heat exchanger effectiveness has a positive impact on both cycles. Towards this direction, the DOI: 10.3303/CET1652086 Please cite this article as: Salpingidou C., Misirlis D., Vlahostergios Z., Donnerhack S., Flourous M., Goulas A., Yakinthos K., 2016, Investigation of the performance of different recuperative cycles for gas turbines/aero engine applications, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 52, 511-516 DOI:10.3303/CET1652086 511 exploitation of waste heat energy in gas turbines by integration of heat exchangers can be of significant value (McDonald, 1990).
    keywords: cycle; effectiveness; engine; exchanger; heat; heat exchanger; performance; pressure; shr
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        item: #5367 of 7527
          id: cet-3733
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-3733
        date: 2016-11-02
       words: 3029
      flesch: 35
     summary: The use of heat exchangers in gas turbines for exhaust gas waste heat recovery can strongly contribute in this direction since it can lead to significant improvement of gas turbine performance and reduction of fuel consumption and pollutant emissions. In the last 15 years, various research activities DOI: 10.3303/CET1652087 Please cite this article as: Salpingidou C., Misirlis D., Vlahostergios Z., Flourous M., Donnerhack S., Yakinthos K., 2016, Numerical modeling of heat exchangers in gas turbines using cfd computations and thermodynamic cycle analysis tools, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 52, 517-522 DOI:10.3303/CET1652087 517 targeting the performance optimization of gas turbines with a particular interest in aero engine applications have taken place within the framework of major research projects funded by European Union in close collaboration with the main European aero engine manufacturers, Universities and Research Institutes.
    keywords: aero; cfd; cycle; engine; exchanger; gas; heat; model; pressure
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        item: #5368 of 7527
          id: cet-3734
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-3734
        date: 2016-11-02
       words: 3247
      flesch: 60
     summary: Converting natural gas to liquid fuels, gas-to-liquid (GTL), is one option in bringing remote natural gas to the market. The relative distribution of energy content of the natural gas in different product streams of the GTL plant, (Right) the relative distribution of carbon between the product stream and the tail gas 4. Conclusions A novel process concept is proposed for converting natural gas to liquid hydrocarbon products.
    keywords: fischer; gas; model; product; production; reactor; tropsch; water
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        item: #5369 of 7527
          id: cet-3735
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-3735
        date: 2016-11-02
       words: 2646
      flesch: 25
     summary: The concepts of rapid prototyping technologies, hierarchical analysis method and sustainable product development have been integrated to build the conceptual model to permit the execution of this experimental study. Rapid prototyping is used in several areas and can be of great importance to medical areas regarding the bone implants design (Sun et al., 2013), to electrical engineering with the full cells improvement (Jain, 2013) and to industrial engineering relating to sustainable products (Canciglieri et al., 2014).
    keywords: analysis; characteristics; development; method; product; prototype; prototyping; technology
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        item: #5370 of 7527
          id: cet-3736
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-3736
        date: 2016-11-02
       words: 4548
      flesch: 52
     summary: 539 Table 2: Performance parameters associated to reference H2 production plants with and without CO2 capture and the proposed SER process combined with chemical looping combustion (after Martínez et al., 2014) Ref. A more detailed integration of the process will be carried out in future works including a sensitivity analysis of the key design variables in order to determine the conditions that lead to optimal performance in terms of energy consumption and CO2 capture efficiency.
    keywords: air; capture; co2; fuel; gas; process; reactor; stage; stream
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        item: #5371 of 7527
          id: cet-3737
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-3737
        date: 2016-11-02
       words: 2529
      flesch: 49
     summary: The results of calculation of heat transfer area for Total Site heat recovery and intermediate utilities characteristics are shown in Table 2. 542 Figure 1: Total Site Cost Curves. The heat exchangers network for Total Site heat recovery is consisted of multiple steam boilers, condensers, water heaters and coolers.
    keywords: area; energy; heat; recovery; site; transfer; utility
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        item: #5372 of 7527
          id: cet-3738
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-3738
        date: 2016-11-02
       words: 2756
      flesch: 61
     summary: To make the problem more general, we assume that Pinch problem appears between heat source plant A and one heat sink plant B, while threshold problem appears between heat source plant A and another heat sink plant C. Note that in this paper, each plant is used only as heat source or heat sink, which uses the waste heat source/sink in the individual plants. The first effort about interplant heat integration was introduced by Dhole and Linnhoff (1993) and further elaborated had been done by Hu and Ahmad (1994).
    keywords: heat; integration; interplant; pinch; plants; streams
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        item: #5373 of 7527
          id: cet-3739
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-3739
        date: 2016-11-16
       words: 3350
      flesch: 61
     summary: The results of experimental study of heat transfer and pressure drop in a model of WPHE specially designed for work in ammonia synthesis columns are presented. DOI: 10.3303/CET1652093 Please cite this article as: Tovazhnyanskyy L. L., Kapustenko P. O., Perevertaylenko O. Y., Khavin G. L., Arsenyeva O. P., Arsenyev P. Y., 2016, Heat transfer and pressure drop in cross-flow welded plate heat exchanger for ammonia synthesis column, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 52, 553-558 DOI:10.3303/CET1652093 553
    keywords: channel; cross; flow; heat; model; plate; pressure; transfer; water; wphe
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        item: #5374 of 7527
          id: cet-374
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 211.docx
        date: 2017-10-04
       words: 3006
      flesch: 55
     summary: 3.5 Validation of the judgment model Table 3 shows comparisons of measured by literature, calculated by empirical models (FLUENT V6.3 Documentation, 2003) and the new model data, where the case of occurring hydraulic flip is represented as Y and the case of not occurring hydraulic flip is represented as N. The researcher can accurately judge the hydraulic flip in most cases by the empirical models and new models. However, Ghassemieh et al. (2006) got that the value of r/d is greater than 0.05, flow regime inside plain-orifice nozzle may be hydraulic flip, which causes the problems in the design of the nozzle.
    keywords: flip; flow; hydraulic; nozzle
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        item: #5375 of 7527
          id: cet-3740
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-3740
        date: 2016-11-02
       words: 3648
      flesch: 50
     summary: Milk powder plant specific energies range from 5,000 to 12,000 MJ/tp of powder for thermal and in the order of 150 to 400 kWhele/tp for electricity (Ramírez et al., 2006). On-farm specific energy per cow is between 200 and 300 kWhele/y. 2.1 Specific energy Improvements There has been significant reduction in the thermal energy efficiency of milk powder plants since the first oil shock in 1972.
    keywords: electricity; energy; geothermal; heat; milk; plant; powder; steam; temperature
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        item: #5376 of 7527
          id: cet-3741
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-3741
        date: 2016-11-02
       words: 3364
      flesch: 49
     summary: Another result which can be obtained by the comparison of Figures 2a and 3a is that CO2 methanation is more difficult than CO methanation at the same operating condition. In the beginning water gas shift reaction Eq(2) and then rapid methanation of carbon monoxide Eq(1) are the main side reactions after CO2 methanation.
    keywords: bar; carbon; co2; methanation; methane; pressure; reaction; temperature
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        item: #5377 of 7527
          id: cet-3742
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-3742
        date: 2016-11-02
       words: 3271
      flesch: 74
     summary: Linnhoff and Eastwood (1997) initiated the attempt about heat integration between individual plants. Zhang B.J., Li J., Zhang Z.L., Wang K., Chen Q.L., 2016 Simultaneous design of heat exchanger network for heat integration using hot direct discharges/feeds between process plants, Energy,109, 400-411.
    keywords: cost; energy; heat; integration; j k; k p; p j; p p; plant
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        item: #5378 of 7527
          id: cet-3743
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-3743
        date: 2016-11-02
       words: 3269
      flesch: 54
     summary: Co-gasification study of biomass mixed with plastic wastes, Fuel, 81, 291-297, DOI: 10.1016/S0016-2361(01)00164-8. 582 Hydrogen production from mixture of biomass and polyethylene waste in fluidized bed catalytic steam co-gasification process, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 35, 565-570, DOI: 10.3303/CET1335094.
    keywords: feedstock; study; temperature; yield
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        item: #5379 of 7527
          id: cet-3744
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-3744
        date: 2016-11-16
       words: 3283
      flesch: 53
     summary: DOI: 10.3303/CET1652098 Please cite this article as: Demirskyy A., Kapustenko P. O., Khavin G. L., Arsenyeva O. P., Matsegora O., Kusakov S., Bocharnikov I., 2016, Investigation of fouling in plate heat exchangers at sugar factory, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 52, 583-588 DOI:10.3303/CET1652098 583 It was made the assumption that all effects contributing to fouling growth are accounted for by deposition term φd and mitigation are accounted by removal term φr. The developed turbulent flow inside the channels between corrugated plates of plate heat exchangers has the complex structure with the fields of high and low velocities in channel cross-section.
    keywords: deposition; exchangers; fouling; heat; juice; operation; plate; time; transfer
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        item: #5380 of 7527
          id: cet-3745
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-3745
        date: 2016-11-02
       words: 3892
      flesch: 57
     summary: 𝑣𝑡 Binary variable on deciding whether the electricity from PV would go to the battery or to the customer 𝑗𝑡 Generated electricity of the diesel generator installed on month t sold to customer (kWh) 𝑦𝑡 1 Electricity from wind power that is supplied to the customer during month t (kWh) 𝑦𝑡 2 Electricity from wind power that is sold to the grid during month t (kWh) 𝑥𝑡 1 Electricity from photovoltaic power that is supplied to the customer during month t (kWh) 𝑥𝑡 2 Electricity from photovoltaic power that is sent to the battery during month t (kWh) 𝑥𝑡 3 Electricity from photovoltaic power that is sold to the grid during month t (kWh) 𝑓𝑡 Total electricity stored in batteries during month t (kW) 𝑧𝑡 1 Total net electricity supplied from batteries during month t (kW) 3.1 Generation Technologies The first component in the microgrid system is the generation technologies. Successful stories of microgrid implementation have not only shown its feasibility but also its benefits in reliability, quality, greater efficiency, and reduction of electricity cost (Ahmed, 2011).
    keywords: battery; electricity; energy; grid; kwh; microgrid; model; month; period; system
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        item: #5381 of 7527
          id: cet-3746
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-3746
        date: 2016-11-02
       words: 2629
      flesch: 50
     summary: Ha <3: both in the liquid phase and in the film diffusion Ha> 3 in the film diffusion In several literatures, kinetics of CO2 absorption by an aqueous mixture of MDEA is second order, the reaction of CO2 with MDEA is expressed by MDEACOMDEACOMDEACO CCkr 222   (9) kCO2-MDEA : is the second order constant kinetics reaction (m3.s-1.mol-1) 597 Therefore, for the absorption of CO2 into (HA+MDEA+H2O), the overall CO2 reaction kov (s-1), is expressed as follows: MDEACOHACOov rrr   22 (10) MDEACOMDEACOHACOHACOov CCkCCkr 2222   (11) 2COovov Ckr  (12)   2 1 2 1 COOV L DK k E  (13) There are different techniques for capturing CO2 (Kanniche et al., 2010), the chemical absorption method is the most used one for CO2 capture using a chemical solvent usually amine-based.
    keywords: absorption; co2; gas; mdea; reaction; solvent; wt%
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        item: #5382 of 7527
          id: cet-3747
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-3747
        date: 2016-11-02
       words: 3472
      flesch: 49
     summary: Krasnogorsky N N, Magid A. B., Trifonova N. A., 2004, Utilization of oil slime. Kurochkin A.K., Tamm T., 2010, Oil slime – resource raw materials for production of light motor fuels and road bitumens, the Sphere petrogas, 4, 72-81.
    keywords: catalytic; chlorides; non; oil; process; products; pyrolysis; slime; waste
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        item: #5383 of 7527
          id: cet-3748
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-3748
        date: 2016-11-02
       words: 2825
      flesch: 48
     summary: So it is necessary to develop cheap and effective catalysts for the thermal refining of pyrolysis gaseous products. Therefore the study of the fast pyrolysis process including the stage of thermocatalytic refining of pyrolysis gaseous products can help solve the problems of renewable feedstock processing with the energy generation followed.
    keywords: biomass; feedstock; figure; process; products; pyrolysis; tars; temperature
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        item: #5384 of 7527
          id: cet-3749
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-3749
        date: 2016-11-02
       words: 2287
      flesch: 53
     summary: A pyrolysis process can be an alternative way to dispose waste tyres without oxygen, produces pyrolysis gas, pyrolysis oil (tyre derived oil) and pyrolysis char. Murugan S., Ramaswamy M.C., Nagarajan G., 2008, The use of tyre pyrolysis oil in diesel engines.
    keywords: acid; compounds; hydrocarbons; oil; oils; tdo; treated; tyre
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        item: #5385 of 7527
          id: cet-375
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 211.docx
        date: 2017-10-04
       words: 2705
      flesch: 56
     summary: The effect of ejector throat length to entrainment ratio From the simulation, we can see that with the increase of ejector throat length L2, there is little change of entrainment ratio. The effect of ejector throat length to the operating flexibility For the optimization of steam ejector, greater operating flexibility should be made on the premise of a par- ticular entrainment ratio.
    keywords: ejector; fluid; length; pressure; ratio; steam; throat
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        item: #5386 of 7527
          id: cet-3750
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-3750
        date: 2016-11-02
       words: 1302
      flesch: 39
     summary: 76.927 142.21 124.624 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 Bearing wall Roof Floor on terrain 0.377 0.721 0.652 0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 Bearing wall Roof Floor on terrain 623 Second, environmental evaluation of building envelope constructions (EE – embodied energy, CO2 emissions, SO2 emissions) using EPS thermal insulation with graphite addition, showed lower emission compared to other materials used commonly in passive house design. In these times of minimizing an energy loads and negative emissions, passive houses (or even net-zero houses, positive houses) are one of the best ways to meet European “20-20-20” targets (Energy Efficiency Directive 2012/27/EU).
    keywords: emissions; energy; engineering; evaluation; house
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        item: #5387 of 7527
          id: cet-3751
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-3751
        date: 2016-11-02
       words: 3255
      flesch: 42
     summary: Table 3: Activity and selectivity of HPS-based catalysts in hydrogenation process Catalyst TOF, s-1 Stearyl alcohol yield, % 1%-Pd/MN-270 1.20 93.4 3%-Pd/MN-270 0.58 92.0 5%-Pd/MN-270 0.59 91.3 Further experiments focused on the selection of hydrogenation process optimal conditions showed that the following parameters allowed increasing of stearyl alcohol yield up to 95.0 %: hydrogen pressure – 2.8 MPa; temperature – 150 °C; catalyst concentration - 3∙10-4 mol Pd/L; substrate concentration – 0.1 mol/L. Basing on the kinetic experiments it was founded that the apparent activation energy of hydrogenation process in the presence of 1 %-Pd/MN-270 catalyst was 60±5 kJ/mol. According to the kinetic equation of stearic acid consumption Eq(1) the dependence of reaction rate on catalyst concentration can be expressed as a cofactor Eq(2).
    keywords: -pd; acid; catalysts; fatty; hydrodeoxygenation; hydrogenation; mn-270; process; stearic; substrate
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        item: #5388 of 7527
          id: cet-3752
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-3752
        date: 2016-11-02
       words: 4027
      flesch: 45
     summary: Data association rule mining is a supervised method for discovering associations among a set of variables. Data association rule mining has served in a variety of applications such as energy (Cabrera and Zareipour, 2013), medicine (Delen et al., 2005) and marketing (Rathod and Garg, 2016).
    keywords: association; coal; concentration; data; emission; energy; mining; operation; power; rule; so2
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        item: #5389 of 7527
          id: cet-3753
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-3753
        date: 2016-11-02
       words: 3482
      flesch: 54
     summary: Sun J., Liu H., 2011, Selective hydrogenolysis of biomass-derived xylitol to ethylene glycol and propylene glycol on supported Ru catalysts. Cellulose conversion into PG and EG can be carried out as one-pot process in subcritical water medium in the presence of heterogeneous catalysts (Verendel et al., 2011).
    keywords: catalyst; cellulose; conversion; process; selectivity; temperature
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        item: #5390 of 7527
          id: cet-3754
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-3754
        date: 2016-11-02
       words: 3061
      flesch: 43
     summary: For example, the conventional activated sludge process has been widely used in a long time but a variety of biological treatment systems were also being considered in recent years to meet a more stringent discharge standards. Figure 3: Decision structure for the selection of aerobic biological treatment processes for PRWW 646 A pool of experts and stakeholders were involved in the pairwise comparison among criteria and sub-criteria in order to rate the relative importance of each elements in the decision structure.
    keywords: alternatives; criteria; decision; respect; system; treatment; wastewater; weights
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        item: #5391 of 7527
          id: cet-3755
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-3755
        date: 2016-11-02
       words: 3223
      flesch: 39
     summary: Table 3: Decision matrix for desalination system alternatives and estimation of grey relational grade with ranking (Ψ = 0.50) Alternatives Energy* Requirement Land Footprint System* Efficiency Economic* Viability Maturity of Technology Grey Relational Grade Ranking RO 3 2 3 3 5 0.4676 5 MSF 3 4 4 3 3 0.5182 3 ED 5 2 4 2 3 0.5616 2 RO-FO 1 3 3 4 2 0.4934 4 FO-MD 2 3 5 4 2 0.7805 1 *Mehta et al., 2014 652 Figure 3: Sensitivity analysis of the priority weights of the five alternatives for the optimal selection of desalination systems at various criteria weight intervals (0 to 1): (C1) energy requirement, (C1) land footprint, (C3) system efficiency, (C4) economic viability, (C5) maturity of technology Hence, this work proposes a systematic approach for optimal selection of desalination systems using fuzzy analytic hierarchy process (FAHP) and grey relational analysis (GRA).
    keywords: ahp; alternatives; criteria; desalination; energy; fuzzy; selection; system
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        item: #5392 of 7527
          id: cet-3756
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-3756
        date: 2016-11-02
       words: 2764
      flesch: 54
     summary: Duprat F., Lopez G., 2001, Comparison of performance of heat regenerators: Relation between heat transfer efficiency and pressure drop. Eng., 22, 641–651, DOI:10.1016/S1359-4311(01)00116-8 Zarinekafsh M.T., Sadrameli S.M., 2004, Simulation of fixed bed regenerative heat exchangers for flue gas heat recovery, Appl.
    keywords: bed; drop; exchanger; gas; heat; material; regenerators; storage; transfer
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        item: #5393 of 7527
          id: cet-3757
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-3757
        date: 2016-11-02
       words: 2929
      flesch: 42
     summary: Figure 3: Dependence of total heat value of pyrolysis gaseous products on the composition and the CoCl2 presence The increase of the total calorific value of gaseous products of pyrolysis depending on the composition of the sample and the use of the catalyst might be explained by the growth of the formations of combustible gases. To investigate the inner interaction of the polymers pyrolysis process of pure fractions of polymeric fiber cord and rubber was carried out at temperature 450 °C in the presence of CoCl2 2 wt.
    keywords: increase; process; products; pyrolysis; rubber; temperature; value; waste
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        item: #5394 of 7527
          id: cet-3758
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-3758
        date: 2016-11-02
       words: 3523
      flesch: 25
     summary: For analyzed burner system of fired heater results of MPF model shown (see Figure 7) that fuel is completely burnt in first fourth calculation segments, namely 61.3 % of fuel in the first segment, 19.8 % in the second segment, 14.3 % in the third segment and 4.6 % in the fourth segment. The MPF model originally developed for calculation and identification of real distribution of heat flux along height (length) of combustion chamber burner testing facility of Institute of Process Engineering at Brno University of Technology is adapted and applied to situation of vertical cylindrical radiant chamber of fired heater in order to recognise a real thermal behaviour of actually operated low emission burner system and its influence on hardly operated fired heater characterized by high fouling rate of heated crude oil inside radiant tubes accompanied by significant deformations of radiant tubes.
    keywords: chamber; flux; heat; heater; model; mpf; results; section
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        item: #5395 of 7527
          id: cet-3759
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-3759
        date: 2016-11-02
       words: 2610
      flesch: 53
     summary: The results of such study for Ru based catalysts are described in the paper. Deconvolution of Ru based catalysts was made by simultaneous fitting of Ru 3p and C1s+Ru 3d energy levels.
    keywords: acc; catalysts; figure; glucose; hps; hydrogenation; reactor; ru-3
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        item: #5396 of 7527
          id: cet-376
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 18patella.docx
        date: 2017-09-12
       words: 3411
      flesch: 50
     summary: 2. Experimental Fabrication of NiO thin film was performed by annealing a commercial Ni foil (Alfa Aesar Product, 127µm thick, purity higher than 99%) in an air oven. Results and discussion Features of NiO thin film as a sensing material depend on annealing time and temperature.
    keywords: deposition; figure; film; mercury; nio; sensing; stripping; time
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        item: #5397 of 7527
          id: cet-3760
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-3760
        date: 2016-11-02
       words: 3286
      flesch: 47
     summary: Heterogeneous catalysts of LA hydrogenation are usually less active in comparison with homogeneous ones, and require high temperature and pressure. Currently, the conventional catalyst of LA hydrogenation is 5 %-Ru/C (Selva et al., 2013), the use of which allows achieving high yields of GVL.
    keywords: acid; catalyst; hydrogenation; reaction; temperature
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        item: #5398 of 7527
          id: cet-3761
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-3761
        date: 2016-11-02
       words: 4006
      flesch: 51
     summary: The additional use of syngas from the gasifier for the production of heat or combined heat and power is further evaluated during hours without asphalt production. This thermodynamic property model is widely used to model biomass conversion processes such as gasification, as seen with e.g. the works of Bridgwater (1994) and of Klaas (2015).
    keywords: asphalt; biomass; chp; energy; fuel; gasification; heat; heating; process; production; system; wood
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        item: #5399 of 7527
          id: cet-3762
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-3762
        date: 2016-11-02
       words: 3242
      flesch: 50
     summary: Many heterogeneous and homogeneous Pd catalysts have been developed for Suzuki reaction. Palladium salts, e.g. palladium acetate and (Alimardanov et al., 2004) and palladium chloride (Phan et al., 2004), which can be also easily removed from the reaction mixture, are also attributed to ligand-free catalysts of Suzuki reaction.
    keywords: bran; catalyst; conversion; coupling; cross; hps; reaction; suzuki
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        item: #5400 of 7527
          id: cet-3763
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-3763
        date: 2016-11-02
       words: 3264
      flesch: 41
     summary: This works thus attempts to DOI: 10.3303/CET1652117 Please cite this article as: Promentilla M. A. B., Aviso K. B., Lucas R. I. G., 2016, Understanding chemical engineering student’s learning of process systems engineering from metacognitive perspectives, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 52, 697-702 DOI:10.3303/CET1652117 697 understand such learning process with the aid of story problems and computational tools from the metacognitive perspectives. Future works should study deeper the self-regulated learning of undergraduate chemical engineering students in an e-learning environment.
    keywords: chemical; engineering; learning; problem; process; solving; students; systems
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        item: #5401 of 7527
          id: cet-3764
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-3764
        date: 2016-11-02
       words: 3203
      flesch: 54
     summary: Compared to previous studies on water minimization in ethanol processes, it has been estimated that for corn to ethanol process the minimum water demand is as low as 0.7 kg/kg DS feedstock (Ahmetovic et al., 2010) for an optimized water network. Fornell@sp.se The project presented here has focused on studying the water balance in a wheat straw-based conceptual High Gravity (i.e. suspended solids in the bioreactors at above 20 %) lignocellulosic ethanol process using xylose-fermenting yeast, cultivated on the hydrolysate from the process.
    keywords: alternatives; ethanol; feed; gravity; process; production; steam; water; yeast
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        item: #5402 of 7527
          id: cet-3765
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-3765
        date: 2016-11-02
       words: 3092
      flesch: 48
     summary: The costs of heat energy distribution were calculated for all the scenarios by assuming constant electricity price 136 EUR/MWh and heat energy tariff 48.68 EUR/MWh. BH flow rate, m 3 /h critical path BH Boiler house Figure 4: The scheme of heat energy distribution for hydraulic calculations The capacity of heat source depends on the heat energy load at consumers and distribution losses.
    keywords: buildings; distribution; energy; heat; regime; system; temperature
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        item: #5403 of 7527
          id: cet-3766
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-3766
        date: 2016-11-02
       words: 3539
      flesch: 51
     summary: Thus, the Pd-containing catalyst maintains its activity up to 10 × 103 h-1 and then decrease of catalyst activity is observed. 3. Results and Discussion 3.1 Catalytic results Results on study of activity of polyoxide catalysts in the reaction of deep oxidation of toluene at 723 K and space velocity 5 × 103 h-1 are shown in Figure 1.
    keywords: al2o3; catalyst; conversion; degree; nicucr; oxidation; toluene
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        item: #5404 of 7527
          id: cet-3767
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-3767
        date: 2016-11-02
       words: 2764
      flesch: 48
     summary: Each of H2 production efficiency, ηH2, power generation efficiency, ηpower, and total efficiency, ηtot, are calculated based on Eqs(7–10). Dried brown coal is fed using feeder, FDR, and mixed with a part of produced CO2 to reducer, RED.
    keywords: coal; efficiency; energy; generation; power; production
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        item: #5405 of 7527
          id: cet-3768
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-3768
        date: 2016-11-02
       words: 3278
      flesch: 50
     summary: EFB gasification temperature of 1,000 °C shows higher net generated power because of larger amount of remaining heat from EFB gasification unit. In addition, EFB gasification unit integrates EFB drying, gasification and power generation.
    keywords: efb; gasification; generation; heat; palm; pome; power; temperature; unit
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        item: #5406 of 7527
          id: cet-3769
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-3769
        date: 2016-11-02
       words: 3345
      flesch: 41
     summary: Rice hull at farm Rice hull at power plant Electricity generated Output Units Rice hull at farm 476,992.36 (476,992.36) - - ton Rice hull at power plant - 476,992.36 (476,992.36) - Ton Electricity generated - - 476,992,362.00 380,000,000.00 kWh Services - 19,079,694.48 - 15,200,000.00 kg CO2 Transport 476,992.36 (476,992.36) - - Ton Electricity - 476,992.36 (476,992.36) - Ton CO2 emissions at average distance of 20 km - - 476,992,362.00 380,000,000.00 kWh Table 3 presents the sensitivity analysis conducted for varying degrees of rice hull utilization and average distance from the farms to the power plant which is the main source of CO2 emission for rice hull power generation since the net flux of emissions as a result of converting rice hull into electricity is zero (Vandana Vidhyut Limited, 2007). 66,965.42 30,909.02 255.96 693.70 61,965.43 167,557.43 Total Input 105,109.52 619,422.98 4,094,285.15 2,496,785.99 37,451.45 167,557.43 Carbon intensity in kg CO2/PhP 0.0009 0.0085 0.0022 0.0013 0.3503 0.0530 Table 2: LCA structure for rice hull electricity generation.
    keywords: electricity; emissions; energy; hull; input; output; power; rice; table; waste
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        item: #5407 of 7527
          id: cet-377
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 18patella.docx
        date: 2017-09-12
       words: 3043
      flesch: 53
     summary: For fiber based materials, this approach has never been studied before. If the fibers are directly placed into the matrix material (beside the reinforcing fibers), an external contacting is necessary for measuring the electrical signal generated in the fibers, which becomes impossible if carbon fibers are applied as a reinforcing material (Walter et.
    keywords: carbon; cnt; draw; fibers; metal; polymer
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        item: #5408 of 7527
          id: cet-3770
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-3770
        date: 2016-11-02
       words: 3474
      flesch: 56
     summary: The paper aims to evaluate a potential of integration of air to water heat pumps in existing district heating substations, especially for supply of heat in an industrial sector. Introduction The paper focuses on air to water heat pumps, often called air source heat pumps (ASHP).
    keywords: ashp; cop; district; energy; heat; heating; temperature; water
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        item: #5409 of 7527
          id: cet-3771
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-3771
        date: 2016-11-02
       words: 4077
      flesch: 57
     summary: Kang L., Liu Y., Hou J., 2015, Synthesis of multi-period heat exchanger network considering characteristics of sub-periods, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 45, 49 – 54. The work of Verheyen and Zhang (2006) addressed the synthesis of multi-period heat exchanger networks using a modified version of the stage-wise superstructure (SWS) of Yee and Grossmann (1990).
    keywords: heat; matches; period; process; solution; stage; superstructure; utilities
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        item: #5410 of 7527
          id: cet-3772
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-3772
        date: 2016-11-02
       words: 3157
      flesch: 49
     summary: 3. Results and discussion The results of the two parametric studies for SR and LR tube bends have confirmed that severe displacements may indeed lead to significant increase of tube circumferential heat flux variability factor. The displayed variable in Figures 3 and 4 is thus the maximum of tube circumference heat flux variability factors, plotted on a matrix of displacements for the corresponding case as shown by x marks.
    keywords: design; factor; flux; heat; heat flux; tube; variability
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        item: #5411 of 7527
          id: cet-3773
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-3773
        date: 2016-11-02
       words: 2778
      flesch: 44
     summary: A publication of The Italian Association of Chemical Engineering Online at www.aidic.it/cet Guest Editors: Petar Sabev Varbanov, Peng-Yen Liew, Jun-Yow Yong, Jiří Jaromír Klemeš, Hon Loong Lam Copyright © 2016, AIDIC Servizi S.r.l., ISBN 978-88-95608-42-6; ISSN 2283-9216 Computational Analysis of Swirling Pipe Flow Miloslav Dohnal*, Jiří Hájek Brno University of Technology, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Technická 2, 616 69 Brno, Czech Republic dohnal@upei.fme.vutbr.cz Swirling pipe flow was investigated using advanced scale-adaptive turbulence model (𝑘 − 𝜔 SST SAS). Above mentioned experimental results provide a solid database for the validation of CFD simulations of swirling pipe flows.
    keywords: figure; flow; grid; model; pipe; velocity
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        item: #5412 of 7527
          id: cet-3774
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-3774
        date: 2016-11-02
       words: 3625
      flesch: 36
     summary: On the other hand, differences exists between steel grades of different families in particular in terms of by-products production and features and of electric energy consumption. The paper presents such simulation model, which has been developed through Aspen Plus® V 8.6 in order to assess the impact of each operation unit, including both production processes and fumes and wastewater treatment plants.
    keywords: e.g.; electric; energy; model; order; process; production; simulation; steel; sustainability; water
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        item: #5413 of 7527
          id: cet-3775
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-3775
        date: 2016-11-02
       words: 3012
      flesch: 36
     summary: The resulting optimization-based approach can synthesize integrated natural gas and carbon dioxide networks for industrial cities that can meet carbon dioxide emissions constraints while maximizing the profitability of natural gas monetization. The application of the method is illustrated through an example of an industrial park considering typical processes associated with natural gas monetization and carbon integration.
    keywords: approach; carbon; case; dioxide; energy; gas; industrial; integration; monetization; power
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        item: #5414 of 7527
          id: cet-3776
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-3776
        date: 2016-11-02
       words: 3217
      flesch: 42
     summary: There is a marginal difference observed in relative esterified efficiency values between the upstream pressure of 3 - 3.5 bar. In this regard, cavitation number effect, concentration effect and relative esterified efficiencies for all orifice plates were studied on various upstream pressure.
    keywords: acid; cavitation; distillation; efficiency; process; product; relative; value
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        item: #5415 of 7527
          id: cet-3777
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-3777
        date: 2016-11-02
       words: 3394
      flesch: 52
     summary: DOI: 10.3303/CET1652131 Please cite this article as: Shahbaz M., Yusup S., Inayat A., Patrick D. O., Partama A., 2016, System analysis of poly-generation of sng, power and district heating from biomass gasification system, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 52, 781-786 DOI:10.3303/CET1652131 781 mailto:drsuzana_yusuf@petronas.com.my The efficient utilization of biomass for energy production is very important (Arvidsson et al., 2012) due to its competition of land utilization with food crops. Molino A., Braccio G., 2015, Synthetic natural gas SNG production from biomass gasification– Thermodynamics and processing aspects, Fuel, 139, 425-429.
    keywords: biomass; energy; gas; heat; heating; power; process; production; sng; steam
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        item: #5416 of 7527
          id: cet-3778
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-3778
        date: 2016-11-02
       words: 3556
      flesch: 59
     summary: LD flow rate and evaporator heat transfer surface are assumed to be similar in every chamber. ∙ 𝑐𝑝𝑑𝑖𝑔 ∙ (𝑇𝑑𝑖𝑔,0 − 𝑇𝑐𝑤,1) =
    keywords: digestate; evaporation; evaporators; heat; water; 𝑀𝑑𝑖𝑔; 𝑇ℎ𝑤; 𝑇𝑟𝑒𝑐
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        item: #5417 of 7527
          id: cet-3779
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-3779
        date: 2016-11-02
       words: 4017
      flesch: 46
     summary: Huang K.F., Al-mutairi E.M., Karimi I.A., 2012, Heat exchanger network synthesis using a stage-wise superstructure with non-isothermal mixing, Chemical Engineering Science, 73, 30–43. Short M., Isafiade A.J., Fraser D.M., Kravanja Z., 2015, Heat exchanger network synthesis including detailed exchanger designs using mathematical programming and heuristics, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 45, 1849-1854, DOI: 10.3303/CET1545309 Underwood A.J.V., 1970, Simple formula to calculate mean temperature difference, Chemical Engineering, 77, 192.
    keywords: approximation; chen; heat; lmtd; paterson; superstructure; temperature; underwood
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        item: #5418 of 7527
          id: cet-378
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 18patella.docx
        date: 2017-09-12
       words: 3655
      flesch: 57
     summary: These methods require the use of expensive instrumentation and high operating costs for arsenic detection (Story et al., 1992). Although modified electrodes have shown interesting ability toward arsenic detection, they also display many problems related to the immobilization of the mediator, its toxicity and cost.
    keywords: arsenic; as3; detection; electrode; et al; fe3o4; figure; rgo
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        item: #5419 of 7527
          id: cet-3780
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-3780
        date: 2016-11-02
       words: 2625
      flesch: 44
     summary: 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 S u g a r R e je c ti o n ( % ) Feed Sugar Concentration (°Bx) Model Sugar Sugar+NaCl+MgCl2.6H2O Sugar+NaCl+Na2SO4 Sugar+NaCl Sugar+Na2SO4 Sugar+MgCl2.6H2O Sugar+MgCl2.6H2O+Na2SO4 Sugar+NaCl+MgSO4 Sugar+MgCl2.6H2O+MgSO4 Sugar+Na2SO4+MgSO4 Sugar+MgSO4 -40 -20 0 20 40 60 80 100 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 N a + Io n R e je c ti o n ( % ) Feed Sugar Concentration (°Bx) Sugar+NaCl+MgCl2.6H2O Sugar+NaCl+Na2SO4 Sugar+NaCl Sugar+Na2SO4 Sugar+MgCl2.6H2O+Na2SO4 Sugar+NaCl+MgSO4 Sugar+Na2SO4+MgSO4 802 Figure 5: Rejection of Mg2+ ion as a function of feed sugar concentration The rejection of monovalent anions e.g. Cl- has been investigated as a function of sugar concentration as depicted in Figure 6. In the present work the effect of the presence of monovalent and multivalent salts on the separation performance of a nanofiltration membrane during sugar concentration has been studied experimentally.
    keywords: concentration; membrane; monovalent; rejection; sugar
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        item: #5420 of 7527
          id: cet-3781
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-3781
        date: 2016-11-02
       words: 3462
      flesch: 45
     summary: To address the above mentioned challenges associated with bioethanol production in South Africa, a mathematical programming approach for the synthesis of optimal bioethanol supply network is developed. According to the analysis, the biomass to bioethanol supply chain for the case study considered is economically viable and could meet the 2 % target demand of blending bioethanol into the national liquid fuel supply.
    keywords: bioethanol; case; layer; processing; production; south; sugar; sugarcane; supply
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        item: #5421 of 7527
          id: cet-3782
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-3782
        date: 2016-11-02
       words: 3816
      flesch: 34
     summary: The row sum of the reachability matrix (Yi) is indicative of the relative driving power of a barrier to influence other barriers whereas the column sum (Zi) is indicative of the dependency of that barrier to other barriers in the system. This work thus proposes a problematique approach to understand and analyse such barriers toward a successful development of eco-industrial parks.
    keywords: barriers; fuzzy; influence; lack; matrix; network; problem; relation; system
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        item: #5422 of 7527
          id: cet-3783
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-3783
        date: 2016-11-02
       words: 3214
      flesch: 57
     summary: Compressor Heat Pump This work studies the possible application of open cycle mechanical vapour compression and thermo- compressor as heat pump system for upgrading the low grade waste heat for an industrial cluster, as illustrated in Figure 1. Power LPS IPS HPS LPS IPS (a) Mechanical Compressor (b) Thermo-compressor BFW Waste heat boiler BFW Waste heat boiler Waste heat stream Waste heat stream LPS . Liew P.Y., Lim J.S., Wan Alwi S.R., Abdul Manan Z., Varbanov P.S., Klemeš J.J., 2014, A retrofit framework for Total Site heat recovery systems, Applied Energy, 135, 778-790. Liew P.Y., Wan Alwi S.R., Manan Z.A., Klemeš J.J., Varbanov P.S., 2015, Incorporating district cooling system in total site heat integration, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 45, 19-24. Liew P.Y., Wan Alwi S.R., Varbanov P.S., Manan Z.A., Klemeš J.J., 2012, A numerical technique for Total Site sensitivity analysis, Applied Thermal Engineering, 40, 397-408. Liew P.Y., Wan Alwi S.R., Varbanov P.S., Manan Z.A., Klemeš J.J., 2013, Centralised utility system planning for a Total Site Heat Integration network, Computers & Chemical Engineering, 57, 104-111.
    keywords: energy; heat; mvr; site; steam; system; tvr; waste
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        item: #5423 of 7527
          id: cet-3784
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-3784
        date: 2016-11-02
       words: 4045
      flesch: 43
     summary: Operational optimization variables include stream split fractions and heat transfer area. Moreover, when attempting to improve the energy performance of these HENs, one must also consider the practical constraints related to the existing design, such as space and budget available for structural modifications, installed heat transfer area, pressure drop restrictions, acceptable inlet and outlet temperatures to the distillation units, etc.
    keywords: area; exchanger; heat; hen; optimization; retrofit; stream; transfer
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        item: #5424 of 7527
          id: cet-3785
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-3785
        date: 2016-11-02
       words: 2804
      flesch: 50
     summary: Analysis on features of water-using network with regeneration unit The models of regeneration units can be classified into fixed regenerated concentration type and fixed removal ratio (RR) type (Wang and Smith, 1994) and in (Kuo and smith, 1998). From the targeting procedure proposed, it can be seen that the deeper we understand the features of water-using networks with regeneration unit, the simpler the targeting procedure.
    keywords: contaminant; load; networks; regeneration; unit; water
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        item: #5425 of 7527
          id: cet-3786
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-3786
        date: 2016-11-02
       words: 2958
      flesch: 33
     summary: This is due, to the obviousness of thermodynamic fate for photocatalytic reactions dedicated to total oxidation of pollutants, because the formation of CO2, as it is well known, is widely favoured in mild temperature and pressure, typical of photocatalytic processes. Photocatalytic oxidation of isopropanol, Journal of Catalysis, 31, 398-407.
    keywords: acetaldehyde; contact; ethanol; photocatalytic; reaction; sannino; time; yield
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        item: #5426 of 7527
          id: cet-3787
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-3787
        date: 2016-11-02
       words: 2580
      flesch: 46
     summary: Tiles surface functionalization was achieved with a TiO2 sol obtained through a sol gel method (Sarno et al., 2015) mixing the reagents in the following order: titanium (IV) isopropoxide, (Ti(C3H7O)4, Sigma Aldrich), ethanol (C2H5OH, Fluka Analytical), acetyl acetone (CH3(CO)CH2(CO)CH3, Sigma Aldrich), acetic acid (CH3COOH, Aldrich Chemistry), urea (NH2CONH2, Sigma Aldrich), polyethylene glycol, (HO(C2H4O)nH, MW = 5,000 – 7,000, Aldrich Chemistry) and water. Functionalized tiles were obtained through a method that involves a sol- gel preparation followed by calcination at 550 °C for 2 h and different samples at different titanium and silver surface loads were prepared.
    keywords: composite; concentration; photocatalytic; surface; tile; tio2; zeolite
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        item: #5427 of 7527
          id: cet-3788
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-3788
        date: 2016-11-02
       words: 2951
      flesch: 53
     summary: These holes can absorb H 2O or DOI: 10.3303/CET1652142 Please cite this article as: Vaiano V., Iervolino G., Sannino D., 2016, Photocatalytic removal of tartrazine dye from aqueous samples on lafeo3/zno photocatalysts, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 52, 847-852 DOI:10.3303/CET1652142 847 hydroxyl groups from the reaction medium and produce highly reactive hydroxyl radical species. Moreover, additional control tests were carried out in the presence of tartrazine dye and irradiating the photoreactor with UV-LEDs or visible LEDs (photolysis reaction) in the absence of photocatalyst.
    keywords: band; dye; lafeo3; light; photocatalysts; photocatalytic; tartrazine; zno
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        item: #5428 of 7527
          id: cet-3789
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-3789
        date: 2016-11-02
       words: 1364
      flesch: 54
     summary: The results of stress analysis are shown in Figures 4, 5 and 6. Material of storage tank shell is carbon steel S235JRG2. DOI: 10.3303/CET1652143 Please cite this article as: Klučka I., Nekvasil R., 2016, Stress analysis of deformed storage tank shell, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 52, 853-858 DOI:10.3303/CET1652143 853 1.2 Performed measurements of deformation and shell thickness To map the current state of the deformed shell the necessary measurements of shell thickness and shell deformations were made.
    keywords: shell; storage; stress; tank
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        item: #5429 of 7527
          id: cet-379
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 18patella.docx
        date: 2017-09-12
       words: 3072
      flesch: 48
     summary: Curves a1' and a2' were obtained in blank solution and curves b1’ and b2’ were in scutellarin solution (2×10 -5 mol L-1). Generally, taurine was deposited onto bare glassy carbon electrodes (GCE) or modified GCE cycling the potential in a wide range.
    keywords: electrode; figure; gce; method; mol; scutellarin; taurine
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        item: #5430 of 7527
          id: cet-3790
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-3790
        date: 2016-11-02
       words: 2851
      flesch: 52
     summary: A publication of The Italian Association of Chemical Engineering Online at www.aidic.it/cet Guest Editors: Petar Sabev Varbanov, Peng-Yen Liew, Jun-Yow Yong, Jiří Jaromír Klemeš, Hon Loong Lam Copyright © 2016, AIDIC Servizi S.r.l., ISBN 978-88-95608-42-6; ISSN 2283-9216 Targeting and Design of Evacuated-Tube Solar Collector Networks Martín Picón-Núñez*, Guillermo Martínez-Rodríguez, Amanda L. Fuentes-Silva Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Guanajuato, Mexico picon@ugto.mx In this work the structure of solar collector networks for the supply of thermal energy to low energy intensity industrial processes is determined. Picón-Núñez M., Martínez-Rodríguez G., Fuentes-Silva A.L., 2014, Design of solar collector networks for industrial applications, Applied Thermal Engineering, 70(2014) 1238-1245.
    keywords: collectors; design; energy; inlet; network; solar; temperature
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        item: #5431 of 7527
          id: cet-3791
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-3791
        date: 2016-11-02
       words: 3122
      flesch: 52
     summary: Graph theoretic models in the form of a P-graph (process graph) have previously been developed for synthesizing single period polygeneration systems. The optimum is not enough: A near-optimal solution paradigm for energy systems synthesis.
    keywords: chemical; diesel; energy; engineering; graph; period; process
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        item: #5432 of 7527
          id: cet-3792
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-3792
        date: 2016-11-02
       words: 2412
      flesch: 60
     summary: In this study, Ni anode and LiAlO2 electrolyte green sheets were manufactured for MCFC system. In this study, Ni anode and LiAlO2 electrolyte green sheets were manufactured for MCFC system.
    keywords: casting; electrolyte; green; sheet; slurry
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        item: #5433 of 7527
          id: cet-3793
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-3793
        date: 2016-11-02
       words: 3825
      flesch: 38
     summary: References Águila R.V., 2008, Wastewater treatment system in the ECC Villa Clara, Company Engineering and Petroleum Projects, 3: 1-7 (in Spanish). For both alternatives, the first action to be executed in the project is the restoration and improvement of system API separator - Slop tank.
    keywords: alternative; chemical; company; cost; oil; process; system; treatment; us$; view; wastewater
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        item: #5434 of 7527
          id: cet-3794
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-3794
        date: 2016-11-02
       words: 2951
      flesch: 51
     summary: Consequently, the aim of our research work was to produce advanced biofuel, a gas oil blending component with bio gas oil content from waste feedstock. Nowadays, in the European Union and most of the world, the most widely used biocomponent of gas oils is biodiesel, which has many disadvantages (bad thermal and oxidation stability, high CFPP, lower energy content, etc.)
    keywords: content; feedstock; gas; oil; products; ratio
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        item: #5435 of 7527
          id: cet-3795
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-3795
        date: 2016-11-02
       words: 3721
      flesch: 55
     summary: Heat duties of PA1 and PA2 were set to the maximum possible values those did not have any detrimental effects on the quality of products to be defined with the distillation curves. In regard to heat duties it can be stated that both the minimum cooling and minimum heating requirements decreased for Case1 and Case2.
    keywords: arounds; case; distillation; heat; oil; process; pump
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        item: #5436 of 7527
          id: cet-3796
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-3796
        date: 2016-11-02
       words: 3283
      flesch: 43
     summary: The isoconversional method of kinetic analysis was used to calculate the kinetic parameters that best describe mercury thermal decomposition in the solid waste. The thermodynamic and kinetic parameters that best describe the kinetic model of mercury thermal decomposition in the solid waste are determined and the controlling reaction mechanism is investigated comparing the proposed model with nine previously reported in the literature.
    keywords: chemical; kinetic; mechanism; mercury; model; process; reaction; waste
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        item: #5437 of 7527
          id: cet-3797
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-3797
        date: 2016-11-02
       words: 3470
      flesch: 52
     summary: In this work has been study the biosorption of Chromium (VI) using packed bed column using chemical modified bagasse (BMC) and it been applied several mathematical models to describe the breakthrough curve to obtain the parameters to define this biosorption behavior. 2. In this work was studied the behavior of biosorption process of chromium from aqueous solutions onto modified sugar cane bagasse packed bed columns.
    keywords: bed; biosorption; breakthrough; chemical; chromium; column; concentration; experimental; metal; model
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        item: #5438 of 7527
          id: cet-3798
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-3798
        date: 2016-11-02
       words: 3227
      flesch: 37
     summary: 2.2 Description of wastewater treatment plant of TNR production process The role of treatment is to achieve the destruction and elimination of nitro aromatic compound wastewater from the synthesis, purification and washing of this product.
    keywords: aromatic; hypochlorite; nitro; process; reactor; sodium; tnr; treatment; wastewater
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        item: #5439 of 7527
          id: cet-3799
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-3799
        date: 2016-11-02
       words: 3638
      flesch: 38
     summary: The thermal data of processes are as follows: Process p1: The optimal solution yields in 16 % lower hot utilities consumption and 7 % lower energy cost compared with portfolio p1-p2 that was proved as good solution by using SSSPs for the two alternative combinations p1-p2 and p1-p3. 915 Figure 3: Site Sources and Sinks Profiles of process portfolios in illustrative example Figure 4: Utilities and energy cost of several p1-p2-p3 process combinations in illustrative example Table 1: Energy results of individually and Total Site integrated processes in illustrative example Individually integrated Total Site integration SSSPs (Binary combinations) SSSPs (10% splitting step) Proposed model Processes p1 p2 p3 p1-p2 p1-p3 p1-p2 (70 %)- p3 (30 %) p1-p2 (66.4 %)- p3 (33.6 %)
    keywords: energy; integration; processes; site; steam
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        item: #5440 of 7527
          id: cet-380
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 18patella.docx
        date: 2017-09-12
       words: 3090
      flesch: 53
     summary: [GPa] 25 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 65.5±2.9 68.3±2.3 69.4±0.9 65.9±4.5 48.1±2.1 200 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 59.9±1.9 61.1±2.1 49.8±2.5 51.7±2.4 42.9±0.3 400 0 42.9±0.3 43.6±1.8 44.7±0.9 39.4±4.5 0.5 1 1.5 2 39.5±2.1 29 possible to observe the direct influence of the reinforcement in composites properties. Reference Alam, S. N. and Kumar, L. (2016) ‘Mechanical properties of aluminium based metal matrix composites reinforced with graphite nanoplatelets’, Materials Science and Engineering A. Elsevier, 667, pp.
    keywords: carbon; cnts; composites; doi; fillers; matrix
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        item: #5441 of 7527
          id: cet-3800
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-3800
        date: 2016-11-02
       words: 3294
      flesch: 40
     summary: The influence of co- firing and co-combustion of straw on the main combustion characteristics will be evaluated, analysed and compared by measuring the main flame characteristics, combustion efficiency, produced heat energy and DOI: 10.3303/CET1652154 Please cite this article as: Barmina I., Valdmanis R., Zake M., 2016, Wheat straw combustion and co-firing for clean heat energy production, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 52, 919-924 DOI:10.3303/CET1652154 919 composition of the products at different levels of co-firing and by optimizing the composition of the wood and straw mixture by varying the mass fraction of straw pellets in the base fuel (wood pellets). The experimental study and analysis of the effects of wheat straw pellets co-firing with propane flame flow and co-combustion with wood pellets on the processes of thermo-chemical conversion and heat energy production are carried out with the aim to improve the combustion conditions and applicability of wheat straw as an alternative heat energy source.
    keywords: biomass; combustion; energy; heat; pellets; straw; wood
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        item: #5442 of 7527
          id: cet-3801
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-3801
        date: 2016-11-02
       words: 4217
      flesch: 77
     summary: A k V t T       (18) Eq(20) becomes:       2 , 1, , 2, , , , 1 2 1, 1, 2, , 2, 1, 2, , , , 1 1 ( ) ( ) 2 2 also let 4 ... and 2 ... ( ) 1, 0,1 N tr j t j t j t j s j s j t t t Q t t t t Q t t Q k t k t k g x t diag P w w x x w y y Q y w y
    keywords: inventory; j t; t k; t t
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        item: #5443 of 7527
          id: cet-3802
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-3802
        date: 2016-11-02
       words: 3058
      flesch: 51
     summary: The inherently low aromatic content (0.1 %) of the cracked gas oil (PPGO) caused lower aromatic content of the products obtained from higher PPGO content feedstocks with inherently lower aromatic content. The main properties of the used high-sulphur gas oil, thermal cracked gas oil fraction (PP cracked gas oil) and the 5, 10, 20, 30 % blends of these feeds are shown in Table 1.
    keywords: content; feedstock; figure; gas; oil; ppgo; products; temperature
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        item: #5444 of 7527
          id: cet-3803
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-3803
        date: 2016-11-02
       words: 2704
      flesch: 58
     summary: The value of heavy metals concentrations in sediments were compared by Pearson's correlation matrix at the 0.01 significance level. Heavy metals entering into the river can be from natural or anthropogenic sources.
    keywords: amd; chemical; cm-1; correlation; creek; metals; sediment; smolnik; water
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        item: #5445 of 7527
          id: cet-3804
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-3804
        date: 2016-11-02
       words: 3746
      flesch: 66
     summary: This work simulates total water networks as cascade systems, represented by transhipment models and uses a the two step iterative procedure to coordinate the targeting of minimum fresh water requirements, the calculation of recycle and treatment flows and the selection of water treatment processes. Figure 1(a), contains the cascade of water flows and Figure 1(b) presents the contaminant load intervals.
    keywords: concentration; k k; treatment; water
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        item: #5446 of 7527
          id: cet-3805
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-3805
        date: 2016-11-02
       words: 3600
      flesch: 59
     summary: DOI: 10.1115/1.2789718 Kumar P., Topin F., 2014, Investigation of fluid flow properties in open cell foams: Darcy and weak inertia regimes, Chem. References ANSYS Inc., 2011, ANSYS FLUENT Theory Guide, Release 14.0, Canonsburg, PA, USA, 794 p. Bach C., Dimopoulos Eggenschwiler P., 2011, Ceramic Foam Catalyst Substrates for Diesel Oxidation Catalysts: Pollutant Conversion and Operational Issues, SAE Technical Paper 2011-24-0179, DOI: 10.4271/2011-24-0179 Della Torre A., Montenegro G., Tabor G.R., Wears M.L., 2014, CFD characterization of flow regimes inside open cell foam substrates, Int.
    keywords: bcc; cell; drop; fcc; flow; foam; model; porosity; pressure; turbulence; values
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        item: #5447 of 7527
          id: cet-3806
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-3806
        date: 2016-11-02
       words: 3797
      flesch: 46
     summary: We quantify the effects of photo-periods on algal growth under autotrophic and mixotrophic conditions, and derive new growth models that account for effect of the algae’s circadian rhythm on its growth. The scope of the present work limits to the calibration of algal growth rates with respect to culture conditions with excess of nutrients.
    keywords: algal; biomass; dark; data; growth; growth rate; light; model; rate
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        item: #5448 of 7527
          id: cet-3807
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-3807
        date: 2016-11-02
       words: 3674
      flesch: 51
     summary: The proposed aggregation method makes use of the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) (Saaty, 1980) to determine weights of different energy quality indices. In the case of quality indices that do not follow a reverse scale (e.g., EROI), inverse of the indicator may be considered as the quality and normalised as above.
    keywords: analysis; energy; engineering; footprint; index; indices; pinch; process; quality; sustainability; tan
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        item: #5449 of 7527
          id: cet-3808
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-3808
        date: 2016-11-02
       words: 2951
      flesch: 41
     summary: Figure 1 and Figure 2 show a maximum glucose concentration of 15.28 mg/mL, with a yield of 75.71 % for 30 % of water addition and a reaction time of 15 min. Figure 1: Dynamics of Glucose, HMF and LA for different amounts of water addition Figure 2: Yield Analysis of Glucose, HMF and LA Yield for different amount of water addition 3.2 Effect of water over Rate Constants Using Eq(2), (3), (4) and (5), the kinetic constants k1, k2 and k3 are calculated and plotted against the % water addition (Figure 3 and Figure 4).
    keywords: addition; cellulose; figure; glucose; hmf; microwave; reaction; water
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        item: #5450 of 7527
          id: cet-3809
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-3809
        date: 2016-11-02
       words: 2971
      flesch: 43
     summary: Figure 1: Blast furnace process overview 974 1,5 1,0 1,0 2,0 ϑBG H2/H2O CO/CO2 Mixture Wuestite -1,0 -1,5 Metallic Iron Fe Wuestite FeO Magnetite Fe3O4 0,0 Operation Line Equilibrium Line CO2 + H2O CO + CO2 + H2 + H2O 1,00,0 Iron-Wuestite – Equilibrium Wuestite-Magnetite – Equilibrium Iron-Magnetite - Equilibrium Magnetite (O + H 2 )/ (F e ) (O+H2)/(C+H2) Indirect Reduction Direct Reduction Figure 2: Example of a Rist operating diagram 2. Therefore, the interdependencies between blast furnace process, RAFT and thermodynamic conditions can be described within the single mathematical model of the blast furnace unit operation model.
    keywords: blast; furnace; gas; hot; iron; model; process; reduction; rist; sub
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        item: #5451 of 7527
          id: cet-381
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 18patella.docx
        date: 2017-09-12
       words: 3657
      flesch: 53
     summary: Furthermore, by using PEEK fibres containing suitable additives, carbon nanotubes (CNT), the aimed conductivity can be achieved and the light weight potential can also be maintained. 1.4 Aim of this study The goal of this study is to manifest the possibility of spinning fibres consisting of Polyether ether ketone (PEEK) and carbon nanotubes (CNTs).
    keywords: carbon; cnt; concentration; conductivity; ether; fibres; ketone; melt; peek; polymer; properties
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        item: #5452 of 7527
          id: cet-3810
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-3810
        date: 2016-11-02
       words: 2913
      flesch: 51
     summary: Consequently, to obtain a composite Al2O3-CNT is necessary to provide the absence of porosity after the spark plasma sintering composite powder. The aim of this work is a computer simulation of the spark plasma sintering ceramic composite material reinforced by CNTs, optimization of sintering parameters in order to obtain composites with zero porosity and high strength characteristics.
    keywords: al2o3; cnt; composite; heating; pore; porosity; sintering; temperature; vol
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        item: #5453 of 7527
          id: cet-3811
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-3811
        date: 2016-11-02
       words: 3179
      flesch: 44
     summary: In particular, Maillard reaction is a very complex reaction scheme that, starting from proteins and carbohydrates, can develop a large number of compounds (more than 300) in solid, liquid and gas phases. Depending on the starting amino acid (derived from proteins) and sugar (from carbohydrates), on the water content and the medium pH, Maillard reaction can form very different compounds: some of these are characteristic of baked bread, and particularly interesting for this study.
    keywords: aroma; bread; chemical; compounds; crust; figure; food; formation; kinetic; maillard; reaction
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        item: #5454 of 7527
          id: cet-3812
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-3812
        date: 2016-11-02
       words: 3400
      flesch: 49
     summary: no FP7-2013-JTI-FCH-279075. Reference De Falco M., Marrelli L., Iaquaniello G., 2011, Membrane reactors for hydrogen production. Kyriakides A.-S., Rodriguez-Garcia L., Voutetakis S., Ipsakis D., Seferlis P., Papadopoulou S., 2014, Enhancement of pure hydrogen production through the use of membrane reactor, International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 39(9), 4749-4760.
    keywords: control; hydrogen; membrane; methane; model; production; reaction; reactor; steam; temperature
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        item: #5455 of 7527
          id: cet-3813
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-3813
        date: 2016-11-02
       words: 3396
      flesch: 55
     summary: The performance of PEMFC depends on various key operating parameters, such as pressure, flow rate and humidity of reactant gases, and cell temperature (60 - 100 °C). In this work, the steady-state operating points are selected at current density, j = 0.51 A/cm2, cell voltage, V = 0.59 V, power density, P = 0.30 W/cm2, and cell temperature, T = 332 K. 1000 Figure 3: The cell voltage, power density, and the cell temperature as a function of the current density.
    keywords: cell; hydrogen; pemfc; temperature
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        item: #5456 of 7527
          id: cet-3814
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-3814
        date: 2016-11-02
       words: 3225
      flesch: 42
     summary: This method involves several steps: preparation of catalytic inks, DOI: 10.3303/CET1652168 Please cite this article as: Mitrichev I. I., Vasilenko V., Scherbakov A., Koltsova E. M., 2016, Simulation of pemfc with pt/cnt nanostructured cathode catalyst, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 52, 1003-1008 DOI:10.3303/CET1652168 1003 application of cathode catalyst layer, application of anode catalyst layer, mechanical, thermal and chemical treatment of the obtained membrane with application of catalyst layers (Catalyst Coated Membrane (CCM)), connection of Gas Diffusion Layers (GDL) and gaskets to CCM with receipt (production) of MEA. Despite the fact that the initial ECSA of commercial catalyst is in three times higher the corresponding value of the synthesized catalyst, after 2,000 cycles of testing active catalyst surfaces are equal.
    keywords: anode; catalyst; cathode; current; data; fuel; mea; model; platinum; values
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        item: #5457 of 7527
          id: cet-3815
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-3815
        date: 2016-11-02
       words: 3007
      flesch: 45
     summary: A publication of The Italian Association of Chemical Engineering Online at www.aidic.it/cet Guest Editors: Petar Sabev Varbanov, Peng-Yen Liew, Jun-Yow Yong, Jiří Jaromír Klemeš, Hon Loong Lam Copyright © 2016, AIDIC Servizi S.r.l., ISBN 978-88-95608-42-6; ISSN 2283-9216 Decision Support for Energy-efficient Cooling Tower Operation using Weather Forecasts Daniel Krahé*a, Benedikt Beisheimb, Sebastian Engella aTechnische Universität Dortmund, Emil-Figge-Straße 70, 44227 Dortmund, Germany bINEOS Köln GmbH, Alte Straße 201, 50769 Köln, Germany daniel.krahe@bci.tu-dortmund.de Cooling towers have a significant share in the consumption of electrical energy at chemical production sites and the optimal operation of these pieces of equipment has a large potential for energy savings. Since only measurements of the ambient conditions as well as of the temperature and flow rates of the inlet and outlet cooling water are needed, the model can be implemented easily with the given instrumentation.
    keywords: cooling; decision; energy; number; temperature; towers; water
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        item: #5458 of 7527
          id: cet-3816
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-3816
        date: 2016-11-02
       words: 3624
      flesch: 36
     summary: The operation of process systems takes place at a highly dynamic environment. The next step will be to include more details to the representation of the ontology and utilize information from other systems already available at the shop floor related to the Computerized Maintenance Management Systems (CMMS) and the integrated Decision Support System (iDSS) where the activities related to the maintenance will be analysed to enable a comprehensive fault diagnosis and explore the potential of an early failure detection mechanisms for process systems.
    keywords: cidem; data; equipment; information; knowledge; notification; plant; process; rules; system
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        item: #5459 of 7527
          id: cet-3817
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-3817
        date: 2016-11-02
       words: 3669
      flesch: 37
     summary: Fuel cell systems (FCs) can be a potential alternative to the power production using renewable hydrogen or hydrogen which is reformed by fuels such methanol, LPG etc. However, the development and control of hybrid power generation system is a complex task as there are a number of challenges exist during the analysis, design and implementation of such systems that are related to interoperability and the connection of the multi-vendor subsystems into a common integrated platform.
    keywords: battery; cell; control; fuel; hybrid; operation; power; reformer; system
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        item: #5460 of 7527
          id: cet-3818
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-3818
        date: 2016-11-02
       words: 2574
      flesch: 49
     summary: There are several techniques for the removal of metal ions in industrial effluents, such as chemical precipitation, ion exchange (Lu et al., 2015), and ultrafiltration (González-Muñoz et al., 2006). 100 (1) 𝑞 = (𝐶0−𝐶𝑒𝑞)𝑉 𝑚 (2) Where: C0: initial concentration of the metal ion (mmol.L-1); Ceq: final concentration of metal ion after equilibrium (mmol.L-1);
    keywords: affinity; alginate; extraction; ions; metal; removal; residue
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        item: #5461 of 7527
          id: cet-3819
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-3819
        date: 2016-11-02
       words: 3397
      flesch: 52
     summary: In this case, the rate of drainage is influenced by the intensity of absorption and the speed of ascent of gas bubbles, which leads to the necessity of conducting experimental and theoretical studies of the process of mass transfer of gas bubbles in the gel. DOI: 10.3303/CET1652173 Please cite this article as: Khramtsov D. P., Vyazmin A. V., Pokusaev B. G., Karlov S. P., Nekrasov D. A., 2016, Numerical simulation of slug flow mass transfer in the pipe with granular layer, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 52, 1033-1038 DOI:10.3303/CET1652173 1033 Figure 1: Gas bubble in inclined channel inside gel Using of modern numerical techniques such as smoothed particle hydrodynamics method, allows to simplify the mathematical description, which makes possible the numerical simulation of three-phase systems with solid phases of different geometry.
    keywords: bubble; equations; fluid; gas; gel; mass; transfer;  
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        item: #5462 of 7527
          id: cet-382
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 18patella.docx
        date: 2017-09-12
       words: 3243
      flesch: 50
     summary: Wu, B., Yuan R., Fu X., 2009, Structural characterization and photocatalytic activity of hollow binary ZrO2/TiO2 oxide fibers, J. Solid State Chem., 182, 560-565. 42 3.2.2 Influence of calcinations temperature To do better investigation, we observed how effect of treatment temperatures on photocatalysis activity.
    keywords: activity; photocatalyst; photocatalytic; reactor; tio2; xo2; zrxti1
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        item: #5463 of 7527
          id: cet-3820
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-3820
        date: 2016-11-02
       words: 3088
      flesch: 40
     summary: Among the extraction procedures applied, ultrasound assisted extraction was found the most sustainable method so far for astaxanthin extraction, regarding its high yielding, low cost, short time and medium environmental impact. Figure 1: System boundaries for astaxanthin production 1040 4.
    keywords: astaxanthin; cycle; extraction; impact; life; pluvialis; potential; recovery
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        item: #5464 of 7527
          id: cet-3821
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-3821
        date: 2016-11-02
       words: 3432
      flesch: 58
     summary: In this work, iterative method for reconciling heat exchanger network HI is explored. Iterative method and models The HEN has non-linear system of constraints where temperature (T) and heat capacity (CP) are two parameters to be reconciled together.
    keywords: data; heat; iterative; method; model; parameters; strategy
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        item: #5465 of 7527
          id: cet-3822
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-3822
        date: 2016-11-02
       words: 2477
      flesch: 52
     summary: The SOFC-based trigeneration system can be physically decomposed into three sub-systems, i.e., power system (SOFC), heat recovery system (heat recovery steam generator, HRSG) and cooling system (absorption chiller). Heat recovery steam generator with double pressure levels shows the maximum efficiency when utilizing 10 - 30 % of recovered heat for cooling application and employing the remaining heat for heating devices at nearly saturated condition.
    keywords: cell; exergy; fuel; heat; hrsg; recovery; steam; system
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        item: #5466 of 7527
          id: cet-3823
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-3823
        date: 2016-11-02
       words: 3868
      flesch: 46
     summary: Heat transfer via an intermediate utility is optimized based on a superstructure presented in Figure 2. 1058 Figure 1: Superstructure of the TransGen model Figure 2: Indirect heat transfer between processes The intermediate utility is first evaporated in one of the processes and later transferred via a steam main to another process considering heat loss and pressure drop. It should be noted that this work considers the pipeline cost for heat transfer between processes.
    keywords: heat; integration; model; process; processes; site; step; total; transfer
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        item: #5467 of 7527
          id: cet-3824
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-3824
        date: 2016-11-02
       words: 2838
      flesch: 55
     summary: In the recent decades, it was found that microalgal proteins emerge as the most promising and sustainable alternative to conventional protein sources (Safi et al., 2015) such as fishmeal and soybean in aquaculture industry (Roy and Pal, 2014). Previous literature reported that the mass production of proteins source from microalgae has led to the increase of commercial interest due to several advantages possessed by microalgae over conventional crops (Solana et al., 2014) and other discussion in (Safi et al., 2014).
    keywords: cell; doi:10.1016; et al; extraction; microalgae; production; proteins; solvent; water
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        item: #5468 of 7527
          id: cet-3825
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-3825
        date: 2016-11-02
       words: 2686
      flesch: 53
     summary: Yi (D.C Fixed Cost) +Outbound O.B Transport + Inbound I.B Transport+ Manufacturing (Raw material cost) cost +D.C handling Cost. Rice straw annual cost is 91,533,308.79 USD.
    keywords: chain; cost; design; model; plant; rice; straw; supply
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        item: #5469 of 7527
          id: cet-3826
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-3826
        date: 2016-11-02
       words: 4132
      flesch: 49
     summary: The main differences are from environmental viewpoint, where environmental impacts relating to food are negative from both perspectives, while in terms of biofuels are negative at micro-economic level (companies profit only from the treatment of their own waste and from only those “green” products consumed within the company), and positive at macro-economic level (eco-profit is due to treatment of all the waste consumed and “green” products produced). r I FC f r (1) Economic, eco- and social NPVs are defined differently from the micro and macro-economic perspectives.
    keywords: company; economic; level; macro; snpv; social; t t
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        item: #5470 of 7527
          id: cet-3827
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-3827
        date: 2016-11-02
       words: 3513
      flesch: 40
     summary: After the correlation test was applied it became clear that from the 21 initial variables only 4 (four) variables were significantly correlated with P level output variables at the final refining process, as the initial phosphorus level (P*), the initial carbon level (C*), the manganese oxide level (MnO) and the loads composition (liquid). The modeling process consisted of estimating ANN models with logistic and hyperbolic activation function in the hidden layer to assess which was the most efficient model, using 4 (four) input variables, one output variables, crossover rate 0.8, mutation rate 1.6, 1084 learning rate 0.05, momentum rate 0.1 and population 198 obs.
    keywords: ann; carbon; function; levels; model; neural; output; phosphorus; process; refining; variables
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        item: #5471 of 7527
          id: cet-3828
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-3828
        date: 2016-11-02
       words: 3148
      flesch: 54
     summary: Further reduction of mass flow can be achieved by higher hot water temperatures, especially with the System presented in figure 5A. 4. Hot water integration Except for the CIP and the EHT, the heat is supplied by indirect heaters with an isolated hot water loop as shown in Figure 3, which illustrates a pasteurization plant.
    keywords: chp; energy; figure; heat; heating; integration; steam; system; water
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        item: #5472 of 7527
          id: cet-3829
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-3829
        date: 2016-11-02
       words: 2862
      flesch: 50
     summary: For operating units with non-linear cost functions, additional operating unit(s) representing each segment are added to the original structure with lower and upper capacity multiplier based on the production interval. 2.5 Error between non-linear cost function and linearized segments A purpose-built spreadsheet analysed the exported detailed result file from P-graph to ascertain the degree of error due to the linearization of the cost functions.
    keywords: cost; error; functions; graph; linear; operating; structure
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        item: #5473 of 7527
          id: cet-383
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 18patella.docx
        date: 2017-09-12
       words: 3242
      flesch: 47
     summary: This study reports a novel approach to produce nitrogen doped magnetic core TiO2 nanoparticles (N- TiO2/FM). The use of magnetic core TiO2 nanoparticles offers a solution to this problem.
    keywords: engineering; fe3o4; light; nanoparticles; phenol; photocatalytic; tio2
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        item: #5474 of 7527
          id: cet-3830
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-3830
        date: 2017-12-11
       words: 4061
      flesch: 36
     summary: Samaranayake P., Abeysinghe D., 2011, Conceptual framework for ERP system implementation using pre- implementation roadmap, 9th ANZAM Operations, Supply Chain and Services Management Symposium, Geelong, Australia, 266-279. A number of ERP implementation roadmaps had been reviewed by Chofreh et al. (2014b) in order to assist organizations in implementing ERP systems.
    keywords: erp; erp system; implementation; management; project; research; roadmap; sustainability; system
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        item: #5475 of 7527
          id: cet-3831
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-3831
        date: 2017-12-11
       words: 3750
      flesch: 44
     summary: This method relies primarily on the literature in sustainability implementation roadmap (Chofreh et al., 2015), ERP implementation roadmap (Chofreh et al., 2014b), and project management for direction and formation of ideas and concepts. (2014) mentioned that ERP system implementation is multifaceted.
    keywords: analysis; data; enterprise; erp; experts; implementation; roadmap; study; system
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        item: #5476 of 7527
          id: cet-3832
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-3832
        date: 2016-11-02
       words: 3334
      flesch: 43
     summary: The modification of biomass pellets includes the microwave (mw) pre-treatment of these biomass samples and spraying of waste cooking and mineral oils on the surface of the mw pre-treated pellets. Experimental setup and procedures 2.1 The main characteristics of biomass pellets The commercial spruce fuel pellets (d = 8.0 mm) and fuel pellets (d = 6.0 mm) produced by pelletizing ground wheat straw and debarked aspen wood in a laboratory mill KAHL-14175 (3.0 kW) were used as a material for investigations.
    keywords: biomass; biomass pellets; combustion; content; pellets; pre; spruce
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        item: #5477 of 7527
          id: cet-3833
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-3833
        date: 2016-11-02
       words: 2724
      flesch: 44
     summary: 1119 Table 3: Annual total production cost at 100% capacity. Results In Table 2, total capital investment for Biohydrogen production process is presented.
    keywords: costs; gas; hydrogen; material; operating; palm; plant; process; production; total
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        item: #5478 of 7527
          id: cet-3834
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-3834
        date: 2016-11-02
       words: 3692
      flesch: 51
     summary: About the first aspect, many techniques have been used to determine the behaviour of granular solids inside rotating cylinders, and are described in the scientific literature: Magnetic Resonance Imaging (Kawaguchi, 2010), Positron Emission Particle Tracking (Ingram et al., 2005), fibre optics probes (Boateng and Barr, 1997), Particle Image Velocimetry and Particle DOI: 10.3303/CET1652188 The methodology will be useful in the future study of the bed dynamic inside the rotating tube as a function of the operating conditions (biomass flow rate, cylinder slope and rotation rate) and will integrate the kinetic studies about pyrolysis, which will be conducted in parallel by the authors (Desogus and Carta, 2016).
    keywords: bed; biomass; cylinder; figure; line; pyrolysis; rate; rotating; section; tube
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        item: #5479 of 7527
          id: cet-3835
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-3835
        date: 2016-11-02
       words: 3468
      flesch: 63
     summary: For a given inlet feed flow rate, pressure, solute concentration and temperature with a guesstimate of the initial value of permeate pressure (close to 1 atm), the proposed model can predict the longitudinal variation of all parameters in the feed and permeate channels in the x-axis by using the estimated values of membrane transport parameters Lp, Bs, 𝜔, 𝜎 and b. Figure 2: Linear fitting of experimental and model prediction of outlet feed flow rate Figure 3: Linear fitting of experimental and model prediction of outlet feed pressure 6.
    keywords: feed; model; ∆𝑃𝑏(0; 𝐹𝑏(0; 𝐿𝑝 ∅(𝑥; 𝐿𝑝 𝑏; 𝑅 𝑇𝑏; 𝑊 𝐿𝑝; 𝑥 𝐹𝑏(0
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        item: #5480 of 7527
          id: cet-3836
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-3836
        date: 2016-11-02
       words: 3123
      flesch: 57
     summary: Costs associated with heat exchanger fouling include increased energy consumption, downtime, cleaning, and can also exacerbate problems associated with membranes (Shirazi, 2010). 5. Conclusions Modelling of heat exchanger fouling remains a difficult field of study and fouling remains a burden in industrial operations.
    keywords: fouling; heat; model; temperature; time; transfer; 𝑈𝑐 𝐴; 𝑈𝑓 𝐴
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        item: #5481 of 7527
          id: cet-3837
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-3837
        date: 2016-11-02
       words: 3511
      flesch: 49
     summary: The replacement of conventional lighting technology with innovative lighting solutions can save up to 40 % of lighting energy. The replacement of conventional lighting technology with innovative lighting solutions can save up to 40 % of lighting energy (Noortek, 2015).
    keywords: consumption; energy; footprint; hps; life; lighting; luminaire; spi; use
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        item: #5482 of 7527
          id: cet-3838
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-3838
        date: 2016-11-02
       words: 3454
      flesch: 60
     summary: Table 4: Comparison of design and acceptance test parameters of the two CHP plants Parameter Unit Grate-fired CHP plant BFB boiler CHP plant Design Actual Design Actual Fuel input MWth 12.6 11.9 12.6 13.0 Thermal output MWth 8 -* 8 8.26 Electrical output, gr MWe 2 2 2 2 Electric output, net MWe 1.85 1.88 1.73 1.80 Total efficiency** % Boriouchkine A., Sharifi V., Swithenbank J., Jämsä-Jounela S., 2014, A study on the combustion dynamics of a biomass fuel bed in a biograte boiler, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 39, 949-954 Kafarov V., Merino L., Saavedra J., Zuorro A., 2014, Influence of fuel mixtures and biomass on efficiency and safety in combustion process, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 38, 73-78 DOI: 10.3303/CET1438013 Li H., Gao B., li B., 2015, Numerical Analysis of Flow Dynamics of Cyclone Separator Used for Circulating Fluidized Bed Boiler, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 46, 991-996, DOI: 10.3303/CET1546166 Migliavacca G., Morreale C., Hugony F., Tombolato I., Pession G., 2014, Reduction of PM Emissions from Biomass Combustion Appliances: Evaluation of Efficiency of Electrostatic Precipitators, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 37, 25-30 Stoppiello G., Palma V., Hugony F., Meloni E., Gualtieri M., 2014, Catalytic wall flow filters for the reduction of biomass boilers emissions, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 37, 19-24 DOI: 10.3303/CET1437004 Verma V.K., Bram S., De Ruycj J., 2009, Small scale biomass heating systems: Standards, quality labelling and market driving factors – an EU outlook.
    keywords: bfb; biomass; boiler; chp; combustion; fuel; grate; plant; tests
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        item: #5483 of 7527
          id: cet-3839
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-3839
        date: 2016-11-02
       words: 3336
      flesch: 46
     summary: It shows that the concepts of Concentration Potential are powerful tools in design of the water networks with multiple contaminants. 1155 file:///C:/Users/Jun%20Yao/Downloads/PRES'15%20Temp%20Folder/1226_aidic.doc%23_ENREF_24 file:///C:/Users/Jun%20Yao/Downloads/PRES'15%20Temp%20Folder/1226_aidic.doc%23_ENREF_30 file:///C:/Users/Jun%20Yao/Downloads/PRES'15%20Temp%20Folder/1226_aidic.doc%23_ENREF_29 Table 1: The comparable results of application of concepts Concentration Potential No. of contaminants No. of processes Results in literature Results by concepts of Concentration Potential Fresh water consumption Connections Fresh water consumption Connections FC network 3 8 177.1 t/h (Wang et al., 2003) 20 174.95 t/h (Liu et al., 2009) 20 3 7 1,053.4 t/h (Alva-Argáez et al., 2007) 20 1,057.24 t/h (Liu et al., 2009) 17 3 3 105.65 t/h (Doyle and Smith, 1997) 8 106.7 t/h (Liu et al., 2009) 8 FF network 3 4 86.83 t/h (Teles et al., 2008) 9 86.83 t/h (Fan et al., 2012) 9 2 7 197.69 t/h (Teles et al., 2008) 20 200.47 t/h (Fan et al., 2012) 19 6 7 323.51 t/h (Teles et al., 2009) 21 330.43 t/h (Fan et al., 2012) 18 Network with single internal water main 3 7 156.85 t/h (Feng et al., 2008) 16 156.76 t/h (Su et al., 2012) 17 3 8 198.4 t/h (Wang et al., 2003) 22 183.33 t/h (Su et al., 2012) 20 Network with two internal water mains 3 7 144.6 t/h (He et al., 2010) 20 144.6 t/h (Zhao et al., 2014) 20 3 8 183.33 t/h (Ma et al., 2007) 20 178.66 t/h (Zhao et al., 2014) 21 Computer software 3 7 143.53 t/h (Zheng et al., 2006) 20 140.93 t/h (Wang et al., 2012) 17 3 4 81.22 t/h (Doyle and Smith, 1997) 81.22 t/h (Wang et al., 2012) 12 3 3 106.7 t/h (Wang et al., 2003) 9 105.6 t/h (Wang et al., 2012) 9 1156 file:///C:/Users/Jun%20Yao/Downloads/PRES'15%20Temp%20Folder/1226_aidic.doc%23_ENREF_4 file:///C:/Users/Jun%20Yao/Downloads/PRES'15%20Temp%20Folder/1226_aidic.doc%23_ENREF_4 file:///C:/Users/Jun%20Yao/Downloads/PRES'15%20Temp%20Folder/1226_aidic.doc%23_ENREF_7 file:///C:/Users/Jun%20Yao/Downloads/PRES'15%20Temp%20Folder/1226_aidic.doc%23_ENREF_7 file:///C:/Users/Jun%20Yao/Downloads/PRES'15%20Temp%20Folder/1226_aidic.doc%23_ENREF_30 file:///C:/Users/Jun%20Yao/Downloads/PRES'15%20Temp%20Folder/1226_aidic.doc%23_ENREF_30 file:///C:/Users/Jun%20Yao/Downloads/PRES'15%20Temp%20Folder/1226_aidic.doc%23_ENREF_13 file:///C:/Users/Jun%20Yao/Downloads/PRES'15%20Temp%20Folder/1226_aidic.doc%23_ENREF_13 Notation C concentration of contaminant (g/t) CPD concentration potential of demand CPS concentration potential of source D demand stream F flowrate (t/h) FC fixed contaminant load operation FF fixed flowrate operation M mass load (kg/h) NC number of contaminants ND number of demands NS number of sources Ri,j maximum quasi-allocation amount of Si for 1 ton of Dj S source stream Superscript in inlet lim limiting out outlet Subscript i,j process unit k contaminant Reference Alva-Argáez A., Kokossis A., Smith R., 2007, The design of water-using system in petroleum refining using a water-pinch decomposition, Chemical Engineering Journal, 128, 33-46. 2. Concepts of Concentration Potential To target and design a water network with single contaminant, the demand (inlet) streams and source (outlet) streams can be arranged in ascending order of their concentrations (Liu et al., 2004), respectively.
    keywords: concentration; contaminants; design; et al; networks; potential; water
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        item: #5484 of 7527
          id: cet-384
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 18patella.docx
        date: 2017-09-12
       words: 2670
      flesch: 45
     summary: Nanostructured electrode capacity was calculated through gravimetric measurements, considering only the array of nanostructures as an active material. To achieve these goals, the attention was focused on nanostructured electrodes.
    keywords: acid; battery; charge; electrode; lead; nanostructured
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        item: #5485 of 7527
          id: cet-3840
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-3840
        date: 2016-11-02
       words: 3289
      flesch: 60
     summary: The relationship between pressure drop and heat transfer coefficient, therefore, is: ∆𝑃𝑡 = 𝐾𝑇. 𝐴. ℎ 3.5 𝐾𝑇 = 𝑘1 𝜌𝑡𝐷𝑖 2 4𝑀𝑡𝐷𝑡 ( 1 𝑘2 ) 3.5 𝑘1 = 0.092( 𝜌𝑡 𝐷𝑖 )( 𝜌𝑡𝐷𝑖 𝜇𝑡 ) −0.2 𝑘2 = 0.023𝑃𝑟 1 3⁄ ( 𝑘𝑡 𝐷𝑖 )( 𝜌𝑡𝐷𝑖 𝜇𝑡 ) 0.8 (4) Scenario 2: Nanofluid HTE - Al2O3/water nanofluid in plain wall tubes In this case, the object is to evaluate the effect of nanofluid on heat exchanger design parameters. The following equations express the relationship between pressure drop and heat transfer coefficient:
    keywords: design; heat; nanofluid; shell; transfer; tube; turbulator; 𝐻 𝐷
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        item: #5486 of 7527
          id: cet-3841
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-3841
        date: 2016-11-02
       words: 3386
      flesch: 50
     summary: Quantification of oil palm biomass and nutrient value in a mature plantation; above-ground biomass, Journal of Oil Palm Research, 2, 23 – 32. The higher heating value (HHV) of the biomass also compared, where EFB has the highest value of HHV with 20.54 MJ/kg, while both trunk and frond has slightly lower HHV then the EFB, with 17.27 MJ/kg and 17.28 MJ/kg respectively 1166 Table 2: Properties of oil palm plantation biomass versus empty fruit branch.
    keywords: biomass; conversion; cost; ethanol; malaysia; oil; palm; plantation; power; value
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        item: #5487 of 7527
          id: cet-3842
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-3842
        date: 2016-11-02
       words: 3407
      flesch: 60
     summary: 2.1 Identify CO2 sources and demands Eight sources of potential CO2 captured points and four potential of CO2 demands in a potential area (Mohd Nawi et al. 2016) have been identified for an integrated network. Tables 1 and 2 show the CO2 sources and CO2 demands and their corresponding data.
    keywords: co2; drop; header; pipeline; pressure; purity; sources; storage; tsci
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        item: #5488 of 7527
          id: cet-3843
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-3843
        date: 2016-11-02
       words: 2465
      flesch: 50
     summary: Using the database and index calculation, this system is able to determine the EI performance rating between palm oil mill industries. This paper presents the development and the applicability of environmental index (EI) for palm oil mill in order to enhance the competitiveness of the industry.
    keywords: index; indicator; mill; oil; palm; parameter; score; water
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        item: #5489 of 7527
          id: cet-3844
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-3844
        date: 2016-11-16
       words: 3273
      flesch: 45
     summary: So, it is possible to determine waveguide modes, which propagate above the 1184 cut-off frequency and the corresponding resonant cavity can be designed knowing the diameter and the resonant frequency (Fanti et al., 2015b), which is 2.45 GHz, as can be derived from the following equation: 2 2 _2 nm nml r avg xc l f a h       Casu S., Fanti A., Djuric N., Desogus F., Mazzarella G., 2016, Microwave resonant cavity as a reactor for the enzymatic hydrolysis of sucrose, Proceedings of the 15th IEEE Mediterranean Microwave Symposium (MMS 2015), November 30-December 02 2015, Lecce, Italy, Paper ID: 119001.
    keywords: cavity; chemical; fanti; field; microwave; reactor; resonant
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        item: #5490 of 7527
          id: cet-3845
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-3845
        date: 2016-11-16
       words: 3724
      flesch: 52
     summary: Gas production processes, such as co-gasification (Moghadam et al., 2014) or fast pyrolysis (Bridgwater et al., 2002), seem to be a promising way for obtaining electricity from biomass, since the possibility of previous cleaning. The obtained data will be integrated with those coming from parallel studies about the biomass wet pyrolysis for gas production.
    keywords: gas; hydrogen; kinetic; production; reaction; reactor; temperature; water
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        item: #5491 of 7527
          id: cet-3846
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-3846
        date: 2016-11-16
       words: 4099
      flesch: 56
     summary: 1198 Table 2: Collected soil texture data of some Sardinian farmlands (Montaldo et al., 2008; 2013) Fields Coordinates (WGS84 GD) Soil Texture (%) Longitude Latitude Sand Silt Clay A – Silt loam 9.16691920436652 39.7029696452146 29.0 50.1 20.9 E – Clay loam 9.22181049758689 39.6876325325612 22.4 50.6 27.0 F – Loam 9.22368411780198 39.6900166394511 29.3 48.5 22.2 G – Silt 9.21743569879174 39.7317365306478 5.9 90.8 3.3 H – Silty clay loam 9.15900027986903 39.6883121736779 17.7 52.0 30.3 Figure 2: Soil temperature as a function of depth and time of irradiation (ρ=1,200 kg m-3; c=1200 J kg-1 K-1; Baghdadi N., Zribi M., Loumagne C., Ansart P., Anguela T.P., 2008, Analysis of TerraSAR-X data and their sensitivity to soil surface parameters over bare agricultural, Remote Sens. Envoiron. 112, 4370-4379.
    keywords: air; dielectric; et al; heat; microwave; model; power; soil; temperature; time; water
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        item: #5492 of 7527
          id: cet-3847
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-3847
        date: 2016-12-05
       words: 2062
      flesch: 45
     summary: The reaction parameters of H2S conversion, H2 yield and SO2 selectivity obtained by thermal decomposition of H2S in presence of oxygen have been investigated at different operating conditions such as O2/H2S molar feed ratio, residence time and reaction temperature. The influence of the feed molar ratio O2/H2S on H2S conversion was studied in the temperature range between 900 and 1,100 °C at different residence times (150 - 302 ms) (Figure 1).
    keywords: conversion; h2s; selectivity; so2; yield
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        item: #5493 of 7527
          id: cet-3848
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-3848
        date: 2016-12-05
       words: 2549
      flesch: 42
     summary: Figure 5: Composite curve for supercritical methanol process 4.2 CO2 emissions Carbon dioxide emissions are one of the main and critical emissions that must be estimated for any process. These emissions are emitted due to burning some kinds of fuels to produce sufficient heat that would satisfy the heating requirements of the desired process (biodiesel production process).
    keywords: biodiesel; energy; methanol; oil; process; reaction; transesterification
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        item: #5494 of 7527
          id: cet-3849
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-3849
        date: 2016-12-05
       words: 3468
      flesch: 60
     summary: Table 5: Energy cascade (Illustrative case) 1 2 3 4 5 6 Date (h) Σ Power source rating (kW) Σ Power demand rating (kW) Σ Electricity source (kWh) Σ Electricity demand (kWh) Σ Electricity surplus/deficit (kWh) From To DC AC DC AC DC AC DC AC DC AC 0 6 0 40 0 35 0 240 0 210 0 30 6 8 0 40 0 65 0 80 0 130 0 -50 8 12 0 90 0 150 0 360 0 600 0 This is due to the notion of priority in responding to electricity deficit in numerical approach that allows a higher optimization of energy storage.
    keywords: electricity; energy; power; storage; time
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        item: #5495 of 7527
          id: cet-385
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 18patella.docx
        date: 2017-09-12
       words: 2488
      flesch: 46
     summary: For use of polymer nanocomposites at a relatively high temperature conditions, their thermal stability is of great importance. Therefore, the study of physical and chemical properties of magnetic polymer nanocomposite based on PP+Fe3O4, including its thermal and mechanical properties is an urgent problem.
    keywords: fe3o4; magnetite; nanocomposites; nanoparticles; polymer; polypropylene; properties
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        item: #5496 of 7527
          id: cet-3850
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-3850
        date: 2016-12-05
       words: 3945
      flesch: 40
     summary: Therefore, foreign authors agree on the necessity to study the Russian market of energy production from renewable energy sources in terms of commercialization of their existing projects. Gross potential of biomass energy in Russia is estimated at 467 Mt/y of fuel equivalent (coal equivalent).
    keywords: biomass; development; energy; fuel; market; production; russia; sources; use; waste; wood
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        item: #5497 of 7527
          id: cet-3851
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-3851
        date: 2016-12-05
       words: 2442
      flesch: 55
     summary: W. It was shown that such values of the fouling resistance result in turbine power drop up to 4.1 %, whereas with new condenser tubes, reasonable values of the heat transfer coefficient can be maintained for 6 months and after one year of operation, turbine power drop does not exceed 1.5 %. The proposed estimation method of condensing turbine power is presented as a tool for power plant operator.
    keywords: build; cleaning; condenser; fouling; heat; power; pressure; steam; turbine
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        item: #5498 of 7527
          id: cet-3852
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-3852
        date: 2016-12-05
       words: 4088
      flesch: 51
     summary: After an additional drying by condensation at 4 °C the upgrading of methanation product gas to grid quality was performed using a membrane unit. DOI: 10.3303/CET1652206 Please cite this article as: Kirchbacher F., Miltner M., Lehner M., Steinmueller H., Harasek M., 2016, Demonstration of a biogas methanation combined with membrane based gas upgrading in a promising power-to-gas concept, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 52, 1231-1236 DOI:10.3303/CET1652206 1231 Table 1: Overview of storage technologies (Lehner et al., 2014) Technology Efficiency Specific Energy Storage in kWh/m³ Time Scale Pumped hydro storage Δ= 100 m 70-85 % 0.23 h – months Li-Ion battery pack 80-90 % 270 Min – d Power-to-gas, Methane p = 200 bar, ηE = 60 % 30-75 % 1,200 Min – months Compressed air 70-75% 6.9 h – months Lead acid battery 70-80 % 75 Min – d
    keywords: biogas; carbon; dioxide; energy; gas; hydrogen; membrane; methanation; methane; process
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        item: #5499 of 7527
          id: cet-3853
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-3853
        date: 2016-12-05
       words: 2943
      flesch: 47
     summary: The present authors seeing the shortcomings in the literature, hypothesized that the influence of fouling deposition in heat exchangers on the quality of their control should be studied with the aim of describing fouling effects DOI: 10.3303/CET1652207 Please cite this article as: Trafczynski M., Markowski M., Alabrudzinski S., Urbaniec K., 2016, Tuning parameters of pid controllers for the operation of heat exchangers under fouling conditions, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 52, 1237-1242 DOI:10.3303/CET1652207 1237 quantitatively. The optimal tuning parameters of a PID controller for the heat exchangers under fouling conditions Seeing the problem with optimal tuning of PID controllers for heat exchangers under fouling conditions, the authors proposed to use Signal Constraint block in MATLAB/SIMULINK for the optimization of PID controller settings (Figure 6(a)).
    keywords: control; exchanger; fouling; heat; parameters; pid; tuning
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        item: #5500 of 7527
          id: cet-3854
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-3854
        date: 2016-12-05
       words: 3463
      flesch: 44
     summary: The bioenergy park is composed of n number of bioenergy plants and each is characterized by scale- invariant material and energy balance ratios. The O-type or operating unit type vertex represents the operating units (e.g., bioenergy plants) in the network.
    keywords: bioenergy; component; graph; output; park; plant; risk
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        item: #5501 of 7527
          id: cet-3855
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-3855
        date: 2016-12-05
       words: 3151
      flesch: 47
     summary: Previously, coal bottom ash was used as bed material in coal gasification while wood ash was used in coal steam gasification (Baker et al., 1985).. DOI: 10.3303/CET1652209 Please cite this article as: Herman A. P., Yusup S., Shahbaz M., 2016, Utilization of bottom ash as catalyst in biomass steam gasification for hydrogen and syngas production, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 52, 1249-1254 DOI:10.3303/CET1652209 1249 Coal Bottom ash is a type of waste material that is produced, yet discarded continuously from the thermal power plant and it is made from the ash particles that is too heavy to be carried away in the flue gas then fall into the ash hopper at the bottom of the boiler (Meawad et al., 2010).
    keywords: ash; biomass; catalyst; coal; gasification; temperature; vol
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        item: #5502 of 7527
          id: cet-3856
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-3856
        date: 2016-12-05
       words: 3517
      flesch: 44
     summary: Another study (Lupíšek et al., 2015) is focused on design strategy for low embodied carbon and low embodied energy buildings. Lupíšek A., Vaculíková M., Mančík Š., Hodková J., Ružička J., 2015, Desing strategies for low embodied carbon and low embodied energy buildings: principles and examples, Energy Procedia, 83, 147-156, DOI: 10.1016/j.egypro.2015.12.205.
    keywords: assessment; building; cycle; emissions; energy; layer; life; roof; variant
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        item: #5503 of 7527
          id: cet-3857
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-3857
        date: 2016-12-05
       words: 3644
      flesch: 52
     summary: For instance, a value of 0.6 was used in (Yin et al., 2008) to reduce peak flame temperature in simulation of combustion in a biomass grate-fired boiler. Both steady and unsteady simulations are performed for values of the constant of 0.6 (as used in (Vondál, 2012) in order to decrease peak flame temperature), 1.2, 2 and 4 (originally proposed by (Magnussen and Hjertager, 1977)).
    keywords: combustion; concentrations; constant; flame; heat; model; results; temperature; value
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        item: #5504 of 7527
          id: cet-3858
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-3858
        date: 2016-12-05
       words: 2872
      flesch: 45
     summary: listopadu 15/2172, 708 33 Ostrava - Poruba jan.veres@vsb.cz The principal application of autoignition temperature (AIT) is to define the maximum acceptable surface temperature in a particular area, usually for electrical classification purpose. The industry is committed to proper safety and regulation to ensure appropriate care and measures are taken when working in the chemical industry or DOI: 10.3303/CET1652212 Please cite this article as: Veres J., Skrinsky J., 2016, Effect of experimental conditions on measuring autoignition temperature of met-oh and et-oh binary mixtures, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 52, 1267-1272 DOI:10.3303/CET1652212 1267 using methanol and ethanol.
    keywords: ait; autoignition; chemical; ethanol; experimental; figure; temperature
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        item: #5505 of 7527
          id: cet-3859
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-3859
        date: 2016-12-05
       words: 3731
      flesch: 47
     summary: The present paper reports explosion pressures and explosion times of stoichiometric mixtures of lower alkanes (methane, ethane and propane) with air, calculated for various initial temperatures from 25 to 250 °C in heated 1 m3 closed spherical vessel. (Holtappels et al., 2002) reports measurement of explosion pressures of hydrogen-air mixtures, at various initial concentrations close to stoichiometric (9.5 - 10.5 vol.%), in closed vessels of different volumes.
    keywords: air; explosion; fuel; mixtures; pressures; species
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        item: #5506 of 7527
          id: cet-386
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 18patella.docx
        date: 2017-09-12
       words: 2365
      flesch: 47
     summary: References A.M.Maharramov, M.A.Ramazanov, F.V.Hajiyeva , S.S.Amirov,2016, Investigation the structure and dielectric properties of PP+PbS nanocomposites synthesized on the basis of polypropylene polymer irradiated by accelerated heavy ions, Optoelectronics and Biomedical Materials, 8 (1), 15-20 A.M.Maharramov, M.A.Ramazanov, F.V.Hajiyeva, 2016,A structure and dielectric properties of polymer nanocomposites on the base of isotactic polypropylene and lead sulphide nanoparticles, Chalcogenide letters, 13(1), 35-40 LudmilaBakueva, Ivan Gorelikov, Sergei Musikhin, Xu Sheng Zhao, Edward H.Sargent and Eugenia Kumacheva 2004, PbS quantum dots with stable efficient luminescence in the near-IR spectral range Adv. Materials 16(11), 926-929 SinghV.,SharmaP.K., ChouhanP., 2010.Surfactant mediated phase transformation of CdS nanoparticles. As can be seen from Fig. 8 (a), peaks at 511 nm and 560 nm wavelengths belong to CdS nanoparticles.
    keywords: cds; figure; nanocomposites; polymer; pp+pbs; properties
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        item: #5507 of 7527
          id: cet-3860
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-3860
        date: 2016-12-05
       words: 3346
      flesch: 52
     summary: The qualitative and quantitative analysis of gas products were made by Chrompack CP 9001 gas chromatograph with flame ionization detector (Equity-1 column, at 35 °C). With increasing the temperature the yield of gas products and the C3 and C4 content also increased.
    keywords: beta; c21; yield; zeolite; zsm5
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        item: #5508 of 7527
          id: cet-3861
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-3861
        date: 2016-12-05
       words: 2958
      flesch: 39
     summary: 4. Estimation in case of unknown parameters In case one or more non-linear unknown parameters are contained in the mathematical model of the phenomenon, it is still possible to use the approach shown above. However, the presence of highly non-linear parameters (such as diffusivity and hydraulic conductivity) and of a random forcing term (the erratic time distribution of precipitation in the area), makes analytical solutions capable of describing saturated and unsaturated infiltration difficult and generally based on linear or quasi linear approximations.
    keywords: boundary; parameters; solution; water
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        item: #5509 of 7527
          id: cet-3862
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-3862
        date: 2016-12-05
       words: 3872
      flesch: 48
     summary: (2010) that China’s bioethanol production target could be achieved only if “all potential non-cereal feedstocks and potential marginal lands would be used for bioethanol production”. National Bureau of Statistics of China, 2006, China Statistical Yearbook <www.stats.gov.cn/tjsj/ndsj/2006/indexeh.htm>, Accessed 04/03/2016.
    keywords: bioethanol; china; coefficients; energy; production; regression
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        item: #5510 of 7527
          id: cet-3863
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-3863
        date: 2016-12-05
       words: 2653
      flesch: 57
     summary: However, powder ratio of 1/3 has the lowest standard deviation of average crushing strength compared with those of powder ratios of 3 and 1 (0.95 N and 0.74 N respectively). Reducing the amount of fine powder, promotes the formation of seeded granules and this was obtained at powder ratio of 1/3 coupled with binder content of 10 %.
    keywords: binder; fine; granulation; granules; powder; ratio; strength
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        item: #5511 of 7527
          id: cet-3864
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-3864
        date: 2016-12-05
       words: 4419
      flesch: 49
     summary: Other studies that integrated solar thermal energy with process heat demand using sequential approach include the work of Sharan and Bandyopadhyay (2015), where solar thermal energy was integrated with multiple effect evaporators, and that of Walmsley et al. The key model equations that illustrate the integration of solar thermal collectors and thermal storage with multi-period processes while considering the daily and seasonal variation in availability of solar thermal energy are presented in Equations 1 to 4.
    keywords: demand; energy; heat; multi; period; process; storage; thermal
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        item: #5512 of 7527
          id: cet-3865
      author: None
       title: cet-3865
        date: 2016-07-19
       words: 2635
      flesch: 35
     summary: At present, there are three main methods to study indoor air flow: jet flow theory analysis, model experiment and CFD technology. No matter the removal efficiency of indoor pollutants, the distribution of temperature field or human thermal comfort, the use of low grade energy, the form of air distribution of displacement ventilation outperforms other forms of air distribution; the pollutant load of fresh air in the air inlet will affect this pollutant’s concentration distribution in room.
    keywords: air; distribution; field; flow; indoor; model; room
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        item: #5513 of 7527
          id: cet-3866
      author: None
       title: cet-3866
        date: 2016-07-19
       words: 2885
      flesch: 47
     summary: Figure 2-1 EC antibacterial effect Figure 2-2 WP antibacterial of 50% propiconazole of 12.5% myclobutanil Figure 2-3 WP antibacterial Figure 2-4 WP antibacterial effect of 25% prochloraz effect of 80% carbendazim Figure 2-5 WP antibacterial Figure 2-6 WP antibacterial effect of 50% iprodione effect of 40% flusilazole Figure 2-7 WP antibacterial Figure 2-8 EC antibacterial effect of 20% difenoconazole effect of 20% kresoxim-methy 3.2.2 Allied Toxicity Measurement of Bactericide of Different Concentrations on H. undulatus Britt Scab We can see from the determination result (Table 1) applying growth rate method that the 8 kinds of reagents for experiment all have different degree of inhibitory effect on the growth of H. undulatus Britt scab mycelium under experiment concentration. H. undulatus Britt is a kind of newly emerging fruit tree in tropical and subtropical region, combing fruit, flower, vegetable and health care and having high economic value.
    keywords: britt; effect; fruit; hylocereus; inhibitory; scab; undulatus; undulatus britt
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        item: #5514 of 7527
          id: cet-3867
      author: None
       title: cet-3867
        date: 2016-07-19
       words: 2738
      flesch: 33
     summary: (4)AHP method is used to determine the weights of evaluation indexes at all levels (Han, 2005) AHP is one of the most common methods that determine the weight. According to the numbern of evaluation indexes, the random consistency indexRIcould be determined.
    keywords: carbon; economy; evaluation; indexes; level; low; ratio
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        item: #5515 of 7527
          id: cet-3868
      author: None
       title: cet-3868
        date: 2016-07-19
       words: 3310
      flesch: 36
     summary: Firstly, there exists a substitutional relation among capital, water resource and labour force which can be represented by a 2-layer nesting CES function; Through the matching of parameter estimation, it is found that it will be more practical to firstly compound capital and water resources, then compound with labour force to generate the two-layer CES nesting. However, the actual remuneration of water resource factors collected by our country is much less than that of theoretical value.
    keywords: consumption; factor; income; model; price; production; resource; water
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        item: #5516 of 7527
          id: cet-3869
      author: None
       title: cet-3869
        date: 2016-07-19
       words: 3511
      flesch: 49
     summary: A lot of cost for enterprises has been saved, which is of great significance to the further research of abrasive flow polishing small holes. Analysis for abrasive content Abrasive particle content has very large effect on the polishing efficiency of abrasive flow, but with the increase of the abrasive content, the flowing of abrasive flow media in the hole will be slow.
    keywords: abrasive; flow; nozzle; polishing; processing; stroke; test; working
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        item: #5517 of 7527
          id: cet-387
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 18patella.docx
        date: 2017-09-12
       words: 2970
      flesch: 43
     summary: Raman spectroscopy was performed using a Horiba XploRA Raman Microscope System (Horiba Jobin Yvon, Japan) with an excitation wavelength of λ=532 nm, while UV-vis absorption spectra were acquired on nanoparticle coatings deposited on quartz substrates, by means of an Agilent UV-visible 8453 spectrophotometer. The performances of AFS TiO2 coatings in terms of antifungal activity were compared to that of reference coated aluminum disks, produced by solvent evaporation technique, using the same mass amount of titanium dioxide P25 powder as the AFS TiO2 disk obtained with a total deposition time of 30 s. Figure 2 reports the Raman spectra acquired on the P25 coating and the AFS TiO2 coating.
    keywords: biofilm; coatings; deposition; flame; nanoparticles; substrates; tio2
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        item: #5518 of 7527
          id: cet-3870
      author: None
       title: cet-3870
        date: 2016-07-19
       words: 3404
      flesch: 44
     summary: For the same concentration of 6-BA, different concentrations of KT and ABA resulted in different trends in adventitious bud regeneration rate and the number of regenerated buds among explants. Colijn-hooymans et al. (1994) found that seedling age has a high impact on cucumber regeneration, and 3–5-d-old cotyledon explants have the highest adventitious bud regeneration rate.
    keywords: buds; cotyledonary; cucumber; l-1; mg l-1; number; regeneration
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        item: #5519 of 7527
          id: cet-3871
      author: None
       title: cet-3871
        date: 2016-07-19
       words: 4089
      flesch: 29
     summary: Logan, B. E., 2015, Development of carbon free diffusion layer for activated carbon air cathode of microbial fuel cells, Bioresource Technology, 197, 318-322, doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2015.08.119 Yu, E. H., Burkitt, R., Wang, X..Scott, K., 2012, Application of anion exchange ionomer for oxygen reduction catalysts in microbial fuel cells, Electrochemistry Communications, 21(0), 30-35, doi: 10.1016/j.elecom.2012.05.011 Yuasa, M., Yamaguchi, A.,Itsuki, H., Tanaka, K., Yamamoto, M.. Oyaizu, K., 2005, Modifying carbon particles with polypyrrole for adsorption of cobalt ions as electrocatatytic site for oxygen reduction, Chemistry of Materials, 17(17), 4278-4281, Zhang, F., Chen, G.,Hickner, M. A.. Logan, B. E., 2012, Novel anti-flooding poly(dimethylsiloxane) (pdms) catalyst binder for microbial fuel cell cathodes, Journal of Power Sources, 218(0), 100-105, doi: 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2012.06.088 Zhang, F., Cheng, S., Pant, D., Bogaert, G. V.. Logan, B. E., 2009, Power generation using an activated carbon and metal mesh cathode in a microbial fuel cell, Electrochemistry Communications, 11(11), 2177-2179, doi: 10.1016/j.elecom.2009.09.024 Zhang, F., Merrill, M. D., Tokash, J. C.,Saito, T.,Cheng, S.,Hickner, M. A..Logan, B. E., 2011, Mesh optimization for microbial fuel cell cathodes constructed around stainless steel mesh current collectors, Journal of Power Sources, 196(3), 1097-1102, doi: 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2010.08.011 Zhang, F., Pant, D.. Logan, B. E., 2011, Long-term performance of activated carbon air cathodes with different diffusion layer porosities in microbial fuel cells, Biosensors and Bioelectronics, 30(1), 49-55, doi: 10.1016/j.bios.2011.08.025 Zhang, F., Saito, T., Cheng, S., Hickner, M. A.. Logan, B. E., 2010, Microbial fuel cell cathodes with poly(dimethylsiloxane) diffusion layers constructed around stainless steel mesh current collectors, Environmental Science & Technology, 44(4), 1490-1495, doi: 10.1021/es903009d Zhang, J., Qu, L., Shi, G., Liu, J., Chen, J.. Dai, L., 2016, N,p-codoped carbon networks as efficient metal-free bifunctional catalysts for oxygen reduction and hydrogen evolution reactions, Angewandte Chemie International Edition, 55(6), 2230-2234, doi: 10.1002/anie.201510495 Zhao, F., Harnisch, F., Schröder, U., Scholz, F.,Bogdanoff, P.. Microbial fuel cell (MFC) is a bioelectrochemical device that directly converts organic matter in wastewater into electricity using bacteria as biocatalyst.
    keywords: air; carbon; cathode; cells; doi; et al; fuel; fuel cells; microbial; oxygen; reduction
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        item: #5520 of 7527
          id: cet-3872
      author: None
       title: cet-3872
        date: 2016-07-19
       words: 3003
      flesch: 38
     summary: Azaza M., Tanougast C., Fabrizio E., Mami A., 2016, Smart greenhouse fuzzy logic based control system enhanced with wireless data monitoring, 61(1), 297-307, DOI: 10.1016/j.isatra.2015.12.006. Park D.H., Kang B.J., Cho K.R., 2011, A Study on Greenhouse Automatic Control System Based on Wireless Sensor Network, Wireless Personal Communications, Vol. 56(1), 117-130, DOI: 10.1007/s11277-009- 9881-2. Simbeye D.S., Zhao J.M., Yang S.F., 2014, Design and deployment of wireless sensor networks for aquaculture monitoring and control based on virtual instruments, Computers and Electronics in Agriculture, 102(1), 31-42, DOI: 10.1016/j.compag.2014.01.004.
    keywords: card; collector; concentrator; data; gprs; module; monitoring; sensor; system; wireless
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        item: #5521 of 7527
          id: cet-3873
      author: None
       title: cet-3873
        date: 2016-07-19
       words: 3269
      flesch: 50
     summary: In order to observe the influence of membrane granular sludge, which may be polluted the circumstance, we test the membrane flux in the reactor (Xing and Zhang, 2009). Jiangsu Environmental Science and Technology, 19(4): 35-38 Zhu Z.Z., Zhou Y., Li X.F. et al., 2006, Characteristics of aerobic granular sludge membrane bioreactor for wastewater treatment
    keywords: aerobic; bioreactor; granular; membrane; rate; reactor; removal; sludge; wastewater
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        item: #5522 of 7527
          id: cet-3874
      author: None
       title: cet-3874
        date: 2016-07-19
       words: 3228
      flesch: 62
     summary: In water quality evaluation, there are many factors, such as oxygen dissolved (DO), oxygen demand biochemical (BOD), chemical oxygen demand (COD). Liu W. Z., 2015, Application of improved grey relation analysis to water quality evaluation, Advance Journal of Food Science and Technology 7(4), 293-297.
    keywords: evaluation; method; quality; water;  ;  
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        item: #5523 of 7527
          id: cet-3875
      author: None
       title: cet-3875
        date: 2016-07-19
       words: 3085
      flesch: 50
     summary: System test and result analysis 4.1 Step motor closed-loop control system test As shown in Figure 6 for zinc air battery power device in the process of actual power, the change of zinc plate movement speed. Which can be observed, in zinc air battery power generation process, zinc sheet movement speed at about 94.2mm/s, velocity error is relatively small.
    keywords: air; battery; control; generation; motor; power; speed; system; zinc
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        item: #5524 of 7527
          id: cet-3876
      author: None
       title: cet-3876
        date: 2016-07-19
       words: 3343
      flesch: 44
     summary: And new energy power generation scheduling has a strong policy (Shariatzadeh et al. 2015). With the gradual improvement of the proportion of new energy power generation, the real-time operation risk assessment of new energy sources to ensure the safe and stable operation of power system will be more and more important, but also the focus of future research.
    keywords: control; energy; grid; load; operation; power; response; scheduling; system; time; user; wind
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        item: #5525 of 7527
          id: cet-3877
      author: None
       title: cet-3877
        date: 2016-07-19
       words: 3117
      flesch: 57
     summary: Figure 4 shows a schematic view of the spatial distribution of SPH particles, in which the blue represents SPH particle element of water and the brown represents SPH particle element of abrasive. It can be seen that there is certain velocity difference between water and abrasive particles and the attenuation of abrasive particle velocity is slower than that of water, because the density of abrasive particles is greater than water, causing larger inertia.
    keywords: abrasive; cutting; particles; simulation; sph; velocity; water
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        item: #5526 of 7527
          id: cet-3878
      author: None
       title: cet-3878
        date: 2016-07-19
       words: 4126
      flesch: 58
     summary: Heat transfer in conjunction with other specific bio-tests has been successfully applied to assess the impacts of environmental hazardous pollutants on soil microbial metabolism (Mahmoudi and Mejri, 2015; Hongyang,2015; Biserni and Garai, 2016). In microcalorimetry, the heat evolution is positively correlated to the amount of glucose degradation, microbial biomass and activity in glucose- DOI: 10.3303/CET1651014 Please cite this article as: Chai H.K., Yao J., Zhu M.J., Ceccanti B., 2016, The susceptibility of soil microbial metabolism and diazotroph functional groups to silica nanoparticles, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 51, 79-84 DOI:10.3303/CET1651014 79 addition calorimetric assays (Kimura and Takahashi, 1985).
    keywords: 2013; activity; doi; et al; nanoparticles; size; snp; soil; time
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        item: #5527 of 7527
          id: cet-3879
      author: None
       title: cet-3879
        date: 2016-07-19
       words: 3156
      flesch: 62
     summary: The effect of residual stress on crack growth was observed by changing the length of initial crack, the size of residual stress and the thickness of residual stress layer. m） (a) (b) Figure 4: Threshold(a) and nominal stress(b) under 200Mpa X-axial initial residual compressive stress with different initial crack length Figure 5 shows stress intensity factor in the whole fracture process under different initial crack with 200MPa X- axial and Y-axial direction initial residual compressive stress.
    keywords: crack; element; finite; growth; initial; stress
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        item: #5528 of 7527
          id: cet-3880
      author: None
       title: cet-3880
        date: 2016-07-19
       words: 2583
      flesch: 44
     summary: Figure 7: Stepper motor control circuit 5. 6.1 Hardware and Software Test of Stepper Motor The core of stepper motor control module is reversing control and high and low speed switching, involve switch data sending and integer data transmission and reception.
    keywords: air; battery; circuit; control; figure; generation; motor; power; zinc
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        item: #5529 of 7527
          id: cet-3881
      author: None
       title: cet-3881
        date: 2016-07-19
       words: 2244
      flesch: 54
     summary: 4.45 4.50 4.55 4.60 4.65 4.70 4.75 4.80 -18.8 -18.6 -18.4 -18.2 -18.0 -17.8 -17.6 -17.4 ln ( /s -1 ) ln(/MPa) n=3.38 Figure 3: ln-ln curve of Mg-4Al-5.1Y-2.5LPC alloy after T6 treatment at 250℃ Some studies (Yi et al. 2011; Liu et al. 2014; Mordike 2002; Rokhlin et al. 2003; Wei et al. 1996) have indicated that during the creep of magnesium alloy, creep rate is the smallest in the steady creep stage, the deformation mechanism of magnesium alloy is relatively simple, and the steady creep rate can be described the function of temperature and stress. Copyright © 2016, AIDIC Servizi S.r.l., ISBN978-88-95608-43-3; ISSN 2283-9216 Creep Behaviour of T6 Treated Mg-4Al-5.1Y-2.5LPC Alloy Sijing Fua, Jing Wang*b aCollege of Mechanical Engineering, Chengdu Technological University,Chengdu 611730,China bSchool of Materials Engineering , Chengdu Technological University,Chengdu 611730,China wjcd1994@163.com The compressive creep curves of Mg-4Al-5.1Y-2.5LPC alloy in T6 condition were tested under different stresses and temperatures using an electronic creep testing machine.
    keywords: alloy; creep; mg-4al-5.1y-2.5lpc; stress; temperature
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        item: #5530 of 7527
          id: cet-3882
      author: None
       title: cet-3882
        date: 2016-07-19
       words: 3245
      flesch: 50
     summary: Through tests on three indexes closely related to environmental health, air temperature, air humidity and illumination, a quantitative comparing study was done on the three underlying surfaces to explore urban green spaces effects of regulating the microclimate in spring, summer and autumn. Ecological benefits produced by urban green spaces can be various owing to their different underlying surfaces and inner structures.
    keywords: effect; humidity; lawn; spaces; temperature; urban; woodland
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        item: #5531 of 7527
          id: cet-3883
      author: None
       title: cet-3883
        date: 2016-07-19
       words: 3374
      flesch: 37
     summary: The results showed that NH4+-N concentration in non-sterilization group continually increased and NO3- decreased by 97.7%. Therefore NH4+-N concentration in overlying water was minimum 10 days later.
    keywords: concentration; group; nh4; nitrogen; sediment; sterilization; water
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        item: #5532 of 7527
          id: cet-3884
      author: None
       title: cet-3884
        date: 2016-07-19
       words: 2791
      flesch: 57
     summary: The Physical and chemical properties of diesel samples were summarized in Table 1. The components of diesel samples were determined using a gas chromatograph mass spectrometer (GC7890A/MS5975C, Agilent).
    keywords: diesel; existent; gum; model; oxidation; oxygen; storage
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        item: #5533 of 7527
          id: cet-3885
      author: None
       title: cet-3885
        date: 2016-07-19
       words: 2732
      flesch: 52
     summary: Table 1: Physical properties of QDPSU membranes Samples Maximum strength /MPa Maximum Extention /mm Swelling degree/ % Water uptake/ % QDPSU-DS106 20.2 1.9 24±2 81±6 QDPSU-DS80 26.0 2.4 12.7±1 46.1±4 QDPSU-DS58 26.8 2.3 6.3±1 19.7±3 PSU 28.8 2.8 - - The morphology of QDPSU membrane was investigated using SEM.
    keywords: cell; dabco; fuel; membrane; qdpsu; temperature; water
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        item: #5534 of 7527
          id: cet-3886
      author: None
       title: cet-3886
        date: 2016-07-19
       words: 3188
      flesch: 62
     summary: The orthogonal design method is used in the current study and to obtain the optimum combination of parameters and to investigate the effects of differential roller speed, discrete roller speed and vertical clearance between differential roller and discrete roller on the discrete effect of corn ear. Discrete rate and damage rate are used as evaluation indexes, and the variance analysis method is used to analyze the influence of factors including discrete roller speed, differential roller speed and vertical clearance on the discrete effects of corn ear.
    keywords: corn; damage; ear; process; rate; roller; speed
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        item: #5535 of 7527
          id: cet-3887
      author: None
       title: cet-3887
        date: 2016-07-19
       words: 4288
      flesch: 29
     summary: Literature review This study will mainly reviews those literatures that are focus on the applications of evolutionary game theory in various conflicts issues of environmental pollution, moreover, the studies on the supervision and punishment mechanism between the local government and agritourism enterprises would be introduced as well. Evolutionary game theory provides people with a new way of thinking to analyze a variety of complex dynamic and long-term conflict relationship in social and economic fields.
    keywords: agritourism; agritourism companies; companies; environment; game; government; strategy; supervision
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        item: #5536 of 7527
          id: cet-3888
      author: None
       title: cet-3888
        date: 2016-07-19
       words: 2820
      flesch: 44
     summary: This paper applies 6LoWPAN network and WLAN technology into the perception and monitoring over lab environment data. Lab personnel can directly visit 6LoWPAN network through WLAN to timely obtain lab environment data.
    keywords: chemicals; data; environment; lab; layer; monitoring; network; sensor; system
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        item: #5537 of 7527
          id: cet-3889
      author: None
       title: cet-3889
        date: 2016-07-19
       words: 2054
      flesch: 58
     summary: built CFD model of horizontal section ball seats as shown in Figure 3, the ball seats and oil inflow as shown in Figure 4, no ball seat at the grid model respectively as shown figure 5. Figure 3: CFD model of horizontal section ball seat and the inflow Figure 4: Ball seat and flow entrance grid Figure 5: No ball seat and flow entrance grid 4.
    keywords: ball; drop; pressure; production; seat
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        item: #5538 of 7527
          id: cet-389
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 18patella.docx
        date: 2017-09-12
       words: 4929
      flesch: 47
     summary: Gambinossi F., Mylon S.E., Ferri J.K., 2015, Aggregation kinetics and colloidal stability of functionalized nanoparticles, Advances in Colloid and Interface Science, 222, 332-349. Kébaili N., Benrezzak S., Cahuzac P., Masson A., Bréchignac C., 2009, Diffusion of silver nanoparticles on carbonaceous materials. Tammet H., 1995, Size and mobility of nanometer particles, clusters and ions, Journal of Aerosol Science, 26(3), 459-475. Waite T.D., Cleave, J.K., Beattie J.K., 2001, Aggregation kinetics and fractal structure of γ-alumina assemblages, Journal of Colloid and Interface Science, 241(2), 333-339.
    keywords: aggregation; case; cell; clusters; collisions; kinetics; order; particles; time
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        item: #5539 of 7527
          id: cet-3890
      author: None
       title: cet-3890
        date: 2016-07-19
       words: 2684
      flesch: 56
     summary: The Study of Test Method Improvement for Organic Matter and Decomposition Degree of Turfy Soil Yan Lva,b, Zhifan Wang*a, Zhandong Suc, Hong Wanga, Yunchao Zhenga aCollege of Construction Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, CHINA bCollege of Transportation, Jilin University, Changchun, CHINA cDepartment of Disaster Prevention Engineering, Institute of Disaster Prevention, Beijing, CHINA wangzf14@mails.jlu.edu.cn The degree of turfy soil decomposition is the relative proportion that animal and plant residues decomposed by soil microbes account for and its special structures also lead to high content of organic matter. The decomposition degree and organic matter content of turfy soil can not only reflect the degree of peatification in the soil forming environment, but also influence the engineering and physical properties of turfy soil.
    keywords: content; decomposition; degree; matter; plant; residues; soil; turfy
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        item: #5540 of 7527
          id: cet-3891
      author: None
       title: cet-3891
        date: 2016-07-19
       words: 3407
      flesch: 50
     summary: Li D.S., Xia X.L., Chen C.C., Zhang J.F., Zou W.L, 2011, Experimental Study on Engineering Characteristics of Expansive Soils Modified with Lime, Cement and Sand[J], South-to-North Water Diversion and Water Science & Technology, 9(4)m 25-28(in Chinese) Li S.L., Chen H.D, 1992, Quick lime effect on reducing the disaster of the expansive soils-A case study on the expansive soil of Tai An-Lai Wu highway[J],The chinses journal of geological hazard and control, 33(1)m 65-71(in Chinese) Li Z.X., Hu R.L, Xiong Y.S., Hu X.R., Song J.H, 2005, Experimental study on optimai water content of the modified expansive clay used as the embankment fills[J],Journal of Engineering Geology, 13(1), 113- 117(in Chinese) Lu H.B., Zeng Z.T., Zhao Y.L., Lu H, 2009, Experimental studies of strength of expansive soil in drying and wetting cycle[J], Rock and Soil Mechanics, 30(2), 3797-3802 (in Chinese) 161 Mirzababaei M., Yasrobi S., Al-Rawas A., 2009, Effect of polymers on swelling potential of expansive soils. Copyright © 2016, AIDIC Servizi S.r.l., ISBN978-88-95608-43-3; ISSN 2283-9216 Experimental Study On Chemical Consolidation Of Expansive Soil Subgrade Xinzheng Wang*a, Jian Zhanga, Ping Heb aAcadedemy of Civil Engineering and Architechure, Nanyang Normal University, Nanyang 473061,China bAcadedemy of Art and Design, Nanyang Normal University, Nanyang 473061,China wxz791023@126.com Much attention on the use of expansive soils has been paid because of the special engineering characteristics and morphology and the damage effects as well.
    keywords: chinese; engineering; improvement; lime; rate; ratio; soil; strength; swelling; test; water
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        item: #5541 of 7527
          id: cet-3892
      author: None
       title: cet-3892
        date: 2016-07-19
       words: 3757
      flesch: 47
     summary: The overview of oil depot accidents in China is shown in Figure 1, and it should be claimed that not all fire and explosion accidents of oil depots in China are collected in Figure 1 for the reason of some unrecorded ones or those which were not showed in printed or electronic form. In other cases, though, the causes of oil storage tank accidents involve human errors, equipment failure, sabotage, tank crack and rupture, intentional act and nature disaster.
    keywords: accidents; area; china; depots; explosion; explosion accidents; fire; oil; storage
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        item: #5542 of 7527
          id: cet-3893
      author: None
       title: cet-3893
        date: 2016-07-19
       words: 2850
      flesch: 51
     summary: Table 1: Identification results Parameter PSO FOA IFOA (A/m)10M 6s  Due to its advantages, PSO is used widely in parameter optimization.
    keywords: algorithm; atherton; foa; fruit; ifoa; jiles; model; optimization; parameters
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        item: #5543 of 7527
          id: cet-3894
      author: None
       title: cet-3894
        date: 2016-07-19
       words: 3912
      flesch: 36
     summary: Energy Policy, 32, 1131-1139, DOI: 10.1016/S0301-4215(03)00076-4 Ang B.W., Liu F.L., Chung Hyun-Sik, 2004, A generalized fisher index approach to energy decomposition analysis, Energy Economics, 26, 757-763, DOI: 10.1016/j.eneco.2004.02.002 Ang B.W., Zhang F.Q., 2000, A survey of index decomposition analysis in energy and environmental studies, Energy, 25, 1149-1176, DOI: 10.1016/S0360-5442(00)00039-6 Ang J B., 2008, Economic development, pollutant emissions and energy consumption in Malaysia, Journal of Policy Modeling, 30, 271-278, DOI: 10.1016/j.jpolmod.2007.04.010 Dalton M., O'Neill B., Prskawetz A., Jiang L., Pitkin John., 2008, Population aging and future carbon emissions in the United States, Energy Economics, 30: 642-675, DOI: 10.1016/j.eneco.2006.07.002 Jiang J.H., 2011, An evaluation and decomposition analysis of carbon emissions in China, Resources Science, 33(4), 597-604 Lin B.Q., Jiang Z.j., 2009, The forecast and influencing factors analysis of the environmental Kuznets curve of carbon dioxide in China, Management World, 4, 27-36 Lise W., 2006, Decomposition of CO2 emissions over 1980-2003 in Turkey, Energy Policy, 34, 1841-1852, DOI: 10.1016/j.enpol.2004.12.021 Tian L., Tang J., Huang L.s., Wang B., 2014, Decomposition analysis of CO2 emission intensity of Jilin industry using LMDI, Ecological Economy, 1, 40-46 Wang Y.Z., Ma L.P., 2014, The relevant influencing factors analysis and prediction of carbon emissions in Beijing, International Journal of Earth Sciences and Engineering, 7, 2482-2488 Wang Y.Z., Ma L.P., Xu X.H., 2015, Factor decomposition analysis of carbon emission of energy consumption in China, Price: Theory & Practice,12, 59-61 Xu G.Q., Liu Z.Y., Jiang Z.H., 2006, Decomposition model and empirical study of carbon emissions for China, 1995-2004, China Population, Resources and Environment, 16(6), 158-161 Zhao M., Zhang W.G., Yu L.Z., 2009, Carbon emissions from energy consumption in Shanghai city, Research of Environmental Sciences, 22(8), 984-989 Zhu Q., Peng X.Z., Lu Z.M., Wu K.Y., 2009, Factors decomposition and empirical analysis of variations in energy carbon emission in China, Resources Science, 31(12), 2072-2079 180 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0301-4215(01)00131-8 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0301-4215(03)00076-4 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eneco.2004.02.002 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0360-5442(00)00039-6 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jpolmod.2007.04.010 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eneco.2006.07.002 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2004.12.021 From the industrial decomposition of energy structure of carbon emission, in the secondary industry that occupied the absolute predominance of carbon emission scale, carbon emission proportion of coal consumption was 74.05% and that of crude oil and coke was 16.04% and 6.34% respectively, and the sum of other types of energy consumption carbon emission proportions didn’t reach 5%.
    keywords: carbon; carbon emission; consumption; decomposition; emission; energy; energy consumption; population; structure
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        item: #5544 of 7527
          id: cet-3895
      author: None
       title: cet-3895
        date: 2016-07-19
       words: 3112
      flesch: 40
     summary: In order to reveal the influences of Sasobit on rubber asphalt, this paper studied the technical characteristics of Sasobit warm mix rubber asphalt through Sasobit rubber asphalt performance tests and preparation process test of Sasobit asphalt rubber. The influences of Sasobit on the performance of rubber asphalt, effects of Sasobit adding process on Sasobit rubber asphalt were acquired.
    keywords: adding; asphalt; performance; point; rubber; rubber asphalt; sasobit; temperature
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        item: #5545 of 7527
          id: cet-3896
      author: None
       title: cet-3896
        date: 2016-07-19
       words: 2680
      flesch: 51
     summary: It has positive significance for the indoor ventilation organization to reasonable shape, proper height, opening direction and size of patio cover. Table 1: Validity verification data of wind speed model Wind speed Monitoring point 1 Monitoring point 2 Monitoring point 3 Monitoring point 4 Monitoring point 5 0.9 0.331
    keywords: cover; patio; point; speed; ventilation; wind
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        item: #5546 of 7527
          id: cet-3897
      author: None
       title: cet-3897
        date: 2016-07-19
       words: 4297
      flesch: 27
     summary: At last, the paper describes the development prospect of petrochemical industry emergency logistics. The complicated and changeable international situation, climatic anomaly and social harm highlighted the demands of petrochemical emergency logistics.
    keywords: china; development; emergency; industry; information; logistics; management; oil; petrochemical; reserve; security; system; transportation
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        item: #5547 of 7527
          id: cet-3898
      author: None
       title: cet-3898
        date: 2016-07-19
       words: 2909
      flesch: 59
     summary: Conclusion This paper presents a novel approach for optimization of bus travelling speed to reduce bus delay and CO2 emission. A set of formulations are developed to capture explicitly the interaction between bus speed and signal timing.
    keywords: bus; buses; speed; 𝐿 𝑉𝑏𝑢𝑠; 𝐿 𝑉𝑚𝑎𝑥; 𝑉𝑏𝑢𝑠
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        item: #5548 of 7527
          id: cet-3899
      author: None
       title: cet-3899
        date: 2016-07-19
       words: 2419
      flesch: 45
     summary: Ore recovery rate is determined by analyzing ore, concentrate grade is calculated, and ore dressing recovery rate of high and low, the concentrate grade is related. For the certain silver concentrate grade, ore-dressing recovery rate increases as the raw ore grade increases: ore- dressing recovery rate and the raw ore grade are positively correlated; for a certain raw silver grade, ore- dressing recovery rate decreased, ore dressing recovery rate and selected ore grade is negative correlation.
    keywords: dressing; grade; model; ore; rate; recovery; silver
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        item: #5549 of 7527
          id: cet-390
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 18patella.docx
        date: 2017-09-12
       words: 3066
      flesch: 38
     summary: Among them, nanoparticles possessing magnetic properties offer great advantages due to a characteristic, named superparamagnetism, that makes magnetic nanoparticles attractive for biomedical applications because the risk of forming agglomerates is very low in the absence of magnetic fields. Magnetic nanoparticles are synthesized from a variety of metallic atoms combined eventually with oxygen including iron oxides, such as Fe3O4 and γ-Fe2O3 (Adamaki et al., 2016; DOI: 10.3303/CET1760015 Please cite this article as: Banis G., Kouli M.E., Ferraro A., Molino A., Karatza D., Chianese S., Musmarra D., Hristoforou E., 2017, An innovative application of super-paramagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles for magnetic separation, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 60, 85-90 DOI: 10.3303/CET1760015 85 Metaxa et al., 2016), spinel-type ferromagnets such as MgFe2O4, MnFe2O4, and CoFe2O4, alloys such as CoPt3 and FePt as well as pure metals such as Fe and Co.
    keywords: chemical; doi; engineering; field; nanoparticles; separation; solution; spions; surface
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        item: #5550 of 7527
          id: cet-3900
      author: None
       title: cet-3900
        date: 2016-07-19
       words: 3428
      flesch: 51
     summary: When the direction of leakage is the same with the wind direction, with the action of wind gas and air mixed well, and 215 the concentration of dangerous gases is diluted. Visible, wind leakage is the worst status to security, while vertical and wind leakage is less dangerous relatively.
    keywords: area; concentration; direction; gas; leakage; m/s; speed; wind
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        item: #5551 of 7527
          id: cet-3901
      author: None
       title: cet-3901
        date: 2016-07-19
       words: 2802
      flesch: 45
     summary: Figure 1: Multi Kalman filter adaptive fusion system workflow 219 From the above analysis, Kalman filter model of the basic equation can be expressed by formula (1) (which p represents position, v is the speed, a is the acceleration, dt is the interval of time), when the use of different sensors, H and X in formula (1) are vary.
    keywords: estimation; filter; fusion; information; kalman; model; position; sensor; system
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        item: #5552 of 7527
          id: cet-3902
      author: None
       title: cet-3902
        date: 2016-07-19
       words: 2698
      flesch: 40
     summary: For application of wireless sensor networks based on data provided by a plurality of sensor network applications will be shared; (2) Things applications may be simultaneously designed with concurrency, it may be the turn with concurrency. Wireless sensor networks and traditional wireless networks (such as WLAN and cellular mobile telephone network) has a different design goals, which is highly mobile in the environment by optimizing the utilization of routing and resource management strategies to DOI: 10.3303/CET1651038 Please cite this article as: Huang Y.H., 2016, Remote environmental monitoring embedded system design based on wireless sensor networks, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 51, 223-228 DOI:10.3303/CET1651038 223 maximize the bandwidth to provide users with a certain quality of service assurance in a wireless sensor network, in addition to a few nodes need to be moved outside, most of the nodes are static, because they usually run on poor people inaccessible and even dangerous, remote environment, energy cannot be replaced, effective design strategy to extend the life cycle of a core network of wireless sensor networks (Somov and Xu, 2014).
    keywords: applications; data; environment; monitoring; networks; nodes; sensor; system
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        item: #5553 of 7527
          id: cet-3903
      author: None
       title: cet-3903
        date: 2016-07-19
       words: 3506
      flesch: 44
     summary: This paper aims at laying a foundation for the promotion and application of the design DOI: 10.3303/CET1651039 Please cite this article as: Liu X.F., Liu X.C., 2016, Research on the low energy consumption building design based on gud, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 51, 229-234 DOI:10.3303/CET1651039 229 patterns of low energy buildings Integrated with GUD System; and meanwhile, the concept of integrated design provides a new thought for low energy building design. 3. Calculation and design analysis of low energy consumption building At present, the scale of residential building construction is unprecedented in the histories of china and world.
    keywords: building; coefficient; consumption; design; energy; energy consumption; heat; heating; system; temperature
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        item: #5554 of 7527
          id: cet-3904
      author: None
       title: cet-3904
        date: 2016-07-19
       words: 3047
      flesch: 33
     summary: Table 4: Jilin province public building energy efficiency rating 5.5 Evaluation system database created Through the establishment of public building energy efficiency evaluation index system, which was developed into the software, set up the database, making it a convenient way for general public building energy efficiency evaluation. System structure According to scholars established public building energy efficiency evaluation system, and referred to the domestic latest norms and standards existing relevant cold area public building energy efficiency class: Green Building Evaluation Standard (GB / T 50378-2014)( MOHURD, 2014), Cold and Cold Region Public Building Energy Efficiency Design Standards (JGJ26-2010)( MOHURD, 2010), Public Building Energy Efficiency Design Standards (DGJ08-107-2012)( MOHURD, 2012), Public Building Energy Efficiency Testing Standard (JGJ / T177-2009)( MOHURD, 2009), Jilin Public Building Energy Efficiency Design Standards (DB22 / 436-2007)( MOHURD, 2007), Green Building Evaluation System and Its Application in Engineering Practice( Frank T, 2005) et al, in accordance with the scientific, objective, system , level principles for public building energy efficiency indicators to filter the energy-saving targets into building envelope heat transfer coefficient, window to wall ratio, building shape coefficient, and building envelope detail structure, operation and management of five-level indicators, each index consists of a secondary indicators.
    keywords: building; efficiency; energy; evaluation; index; indicators; public; score; system
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        item: #5555 of 7527
          id: cet-3905
      author: None
       title: cet-3905
        date: 2016-07-19
       words: 3200
      flesch: 40
     summary: As magnesium alloy has the characteristics of low weight, high specific strength, good damping and noise reduction performance and outstanding recovery performance, it has attracted widespread attention and is expected to become the main force of a new generation of materials for the sports equipment (Liu, 2010; Aonuma and Nakata, 2012). On the premise that the existing advantages of the magnesium alloy are guaranteed, how to improve its corrosion resistance has become an important technical issue in the field of magnesium alloy and is also an urgent technical problem to be solved for the magnesium alloy for sports equipment.
    keywords: alloy; homogenization; magnesium; magnesium alloy; sample; test; treatment
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        item: #5556 of 7527
          id: cet-3906
      author: None
       title: cet-3906
        date: 2016-07-19
       words: 2677
      flesch: 42
     summary: It is fixed at one end of the boom, the interaction between the sample and the tip of the other end of the nanoscale morphology and mechanical pattern detecting nanomaterials sample surface. Experiment and results 4.1 Weight change in mice nest lymph nodes The left and right cerebral fossa lymph nodes compared with the observation group in the short and long-term observation group, the left popliteal lymph node weight and quite right side, no significant difference (P> 0.05) differences.
    keywords: afm; body; group; immune; lymph; mice; nanomaterials; nodes; response; study; term; weight
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        item: #5557 of 7527
          id: cet-3907
      author: None
       title: cet-3907
        date: 2016-07-19
       words: 2867
      flesch: 37
     summary: Overall Objective Objective 1 Sub-Objective i1 Objective m Objective i Sub-Objective m1 Sub-Objective in Sub-Objective 11 …… …… …… Property fm,m1 Property fi,in Property fi,i1 Property f1,1 Figure 1: Multi-objective multi-attribute recursive hierarchy 2.3 Evaluation system comparison matrix realization AHP evaluation system comparison matrix elements for the implementation is already complete construction of public building renovation design green evaluation system hierarchical model to transform green design 255 rating of the target layer, layer progressive build different levels of comparison matrix in secondary layer adjacent to the same criteria be between decision variables the key factors (or sub-goal rule layer under layer) twenty-two take right. Cool areas ≤0.3 ≤1.5 W/(m2·K) 0.3<S≤0.4 ≤1.5 W/(m2·K) Public buildings green transformation program design of the modified weighting, building renovation design weight of 46%, building physics environmental reconstruction design evaluation index weighting of 21%, building energy-saving design evaluation index weight of 14% (Figure 3).
    keywords: analysis; building; decision; design; evaluation; green; multi; objective; program; system
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        item: #5558 of 7527
          id: cet-3908
      author: None
       title: cet-3908
        date: 2016-07-19
       words: 3446
      flesch: 51
     summary: With this fact as a starting point, this paper probes into the method for urban water environment improvement project performance evaluation. The polar triangle whitening weight function-based grey evaluation method and D-S evidence theory are combined for rational, comprehensive and systematic evaluation of urban water environment improvement project by borrowing the domestic and foreign experience in urban water environment improvement project performance evaluation and making use of the more objective selection of extreme point by polar triangle whitening weight function based on the objective, function and characteristics of urban water environment improvement project performance evaluation on the basis of the predecessors' research findings regarding the method for combining grey theory and D-S evidence theory.
    keywords: environment; evaluation; performance; project; urban; water
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        item: #5559 of 7527
          id: cet-3909
      author: None
       title: cet-3909
        date: 2016-07-19
       words: 2615
      flesch: 30
     summary: This article will use dynamic simulation of distillation processes to separate these two processes in line, especially in heterogeneous batch azeotropic distillation and batch extractive distillation, distillation is an attempt to design and method of open up. This article will use dynamic simulation of distillation processes to separate these two processes were in line, especially in 269 heterogeneous batch azeotropic distillation and batch extractive distillation, distillation is an attempt to design and method of open up.
    keywords: chemical; column; composition; cyclohexane; distillation; liquid; phase; process; reflux; separation
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        item: #5560 of 7527
          id: cet-391
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 18patella.docx
        date: 2017-09-12
       words: 2091
      flesch: 52
     summary: Due to their brittleness combined with the ultrahigh porosity of aerogels (over 80 %), silica aerogels are very difficult to process into a product. One of the best known applications of silica aerogels is certainly the use as a particle collector in the space test Stardust in the early 2000s (NASA, 2004).
    keywords: aerogel; drying; fiber; figure; process; silica
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        item: #5561 of 7527
          id: cet-3910
      author: None
       title: cet-3910
        date: 2016-07-19
       words: 2594
      flesch: 53
     summary: After recent studies on the corrosion of steel surfaces, a scientific method needs to be promoted to predict the corrosion trend and make further prevention (Bhattacharjee et al., 1993; Wang et al., 2010).Compared with other corrosion prediction models such as neural network (Leifer & Mickalonis, 2000; Kenan, 2003), new hygrothermal model (Marra et al., 2015), time prediction model (Hua et al., 2014) and chemical model (Narimani et al., 2015), the Grey Model GM(1,1) in the Grey Theory, which is programmed by MATLAB, is introduced to the prediction of soleplate corrosion in petroleum storage tank based on the interconnected random corrosion data obtained by measuring (Deng, 1989; 2002; Liu et al., 2010). After the full-scale corrosion investigation, the overall soleplate corrosion is shown in Figure 3. Figure 2: Different types of soleplate corrosion 273 Figure 3: Soleplate corrosion of No.G-2 storage tank
    keywords: corrosion; model; prediction; soleplate; tank; thickness
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        item: #5562 of 7527
          id: cet-3911
      author: None
       title: cet-3911
        date: 2016-07-19
       words: 2961
      flesch: 37
     summary: The value of greenhouse environment control model as the basis for the prediction model, can control the greenhouse environment is in the best state of crop growth environment, illustrate the effectiveness of the method. Ghoumari M.Y.El., Tantau H.J., and Serrano J., 2005, “Nonlinear constrained MPC: real-time implementation of greenhouse air temperature control,” Comput.
    keywords: control; environment; greenhouse; humidity; model; system; temperature; value
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        item: #5563 of 7527
          id: cet-3912
      author: None
       title: cet-3912
        date: 2016-07-19
       words: 3071
      flesch: 41
     summary: (2) The fatigue property of magnesium alloy AZ91-0.15Y made in pressurized differential pressure casting achieves a remarkable promotion compared with that of magnesium alloy in common casting. And the fatigue properties of untrained AZ31 can be DOI: 10.3303/CET1651048 Please cite this article as: Hou Z.K., 2016, The effect of casting method on fatigue property magnesium alloy used in sports apparatus, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 51, 283-288 DOI:10.3303/CET1651048 283 understood.
    keywords: 0.15y; alloy; az91; casting; deformation; fatigue; magnesium; magnesium alloy; pressure
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        item: #5564 of 7527
          id: cet-3913
      author: None
       title: cet-3913
        date: 2016-07-19
       words: 2427
      flesch: 45
     summary: Compared with datas of hydroxyl radical scavenging, among the fermented powder suspension, hot water extraction and polysaccharides solution and BHT solutions(as positive control),shows Cantharellus sp. fermented products has high hydroxyl radical scavenging activity, which also increase with higher concentration of polysaccharides from Cantharellus sp.. The hot water extraction and the polysaccharides from Cantharellus sp. fermentation After 20 day’s fermentation,the kelp waste product was dried and shattered into microparticles (160~200 mesh),then suspended in distilled water.
    keywords: cantharellus; fermentation; hydroxyl; kelp; scavenging; waste
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        item: #5565 of 7527
          id: cet-3914
      author: None
       title: cet-3914
        date: 2016-07-19
       words: 3837
      flesch: 43
     summary: This paper proposes a method to evaluate the importance of each factor affecting raw material cost. This method can be applied to quantitative analysis of factors that affect raw material cost in steelmaking.
    keywords: attribute; consumption; cost; decision; factors; furnace; material; set; steel; steelmaking; table
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        item: #5566 of 7527
          id: cet-3915
      author: None
       title: cet-3915
        date: 2016-07-19
       words: 3101
      flesch: 25
     summary: As well as the distinction of band structure of all alloys systems doped lithium atoms was discussed in comparison with CoSn alloy model. At the same time, one separate band is can see in -47.6 eV place, which is caused by 1s electronic of lithium atoms, and indicates that new chemical bonds are formed while embedding between lithium atoms and tin atoms.
    keywords: alloy; atoms; band; cosn; doi; energy; figure; lithium; materials; tin
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        item: #5567 of 7527
          id: cet-3916
      author: None
       title: cet-3916
        date: 2016-07-19
       words: 3731
      flesch: 62
     summary: In recent years, the pollution in Yinshan mine attracted increasing attention (Yin et al., 2008), but no study has examined soil heavy metal pollutions in different functional areas of the Yinshan Lead/Zinc Mine. After soil samples were digested with concentrated nitric acid, Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectroscopy (ICP-AES) was used to determine heavy metals concentrations (Cd, Cr, Zn, Mn, Pb and Ni).
    keywords: activity; china; concentrations; contamination; metal; mining; pollution; samples; soil; yinshan
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        item: #5568 of 7527
          id: cet-3917
      author: None
       title: cet-3917
        date: 2016-07-19
       words: 2979
      flesch: 38
     summary: Fattah I.M.R., Masjuki H.H., Kalam M.A., Hazrat M.A., Masum B.M., Imtenan S., 2014, Effect of antioxidants on oxidation stability of biodiesel derived from vegetable and animal based feedstocks. Accelerated oxidation test methods are often used to evaluate the antioxidant efficiency on the oxidative stability of biodiesel and biodiesel blends: Rancimat (EN 14112) and PetroOXY (ASTM D7545).
    keywords: antioxidant; biodiesel; induction; oxidation; period; pyrogallol
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        item: #5569 of 7527
          id: cet-3918
      author: None
       title: cet-3918
        date: 2016-07-19
       words: 3135
      flesch: 53
     summary: However, compared with other communication networks, wireless sensor networks have some disadvantages, such as no global address mechanism, no dynamic topology and very limited resources. So, after analyzing and comparing some routing protocols, this paper derives the advanced algorithms and proposes a routing algorithm based on ant colony optimization algorithm for wireless sensor networks.
    keywords: algorithm; ant; colony; energy; network; node; routing; sensor
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        item: #5570 of 7527
          id: cet-3919
      author: None
       title: cet-3919
        date: 2016-07-19
       words: 3397
      flesch: 30
     summary: The differential mean value theorem includes Rolle theorem, Lagrange mean value theorem, Cauchy mean value theorem and Taylor mean value theorem. In the course of teaching, I should take the following innovative try: In the process of proving the Lagrange mean value theorem, because the function f(x) does not satisfy the condition of Rolle theorem, I will start with the conclusion of the Lagrange mean value theorem, and guide the students to analyze the equation f(b)-f(a)=f’()(b-a) with the help of the nature of the function and the derivative function, the auxiliary function F(x)= f(x)-((f(b)-f(a))/(b-a)) is structured, and Lagrange mean value theorem is proved by Rolle theorem.
    keywords: function; lagrange mean; mean value; rolle theorem; students; teaching; theorem; value theorem
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        item: #5571 of 7527
          id: cet-392
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 18patella.docx
        date: 2017-09-12
       words: 3162
      flesch: 51
     summary: This characteristic facilitates the formation of Pickering emulsion by using NCC as particles stabilizer. In this study, NCC was extracted from palm oil biomass i.e. empty fruit bunch (EFB), as an ideal candidate for Pickering emulsion due to its inherent biodegradability, sustainability and biocompatibility.
    keywords: acid; cellulose; chemical; efb; emulsion; hydrolysis; ncc; particles; pickering; size
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        item: #5572 of 7527
          id: cet-3920
      author: None
       title: cet-3920
        date: 2016-07-19
       words: 3376
      flesch: 44
     summary: The simulation results showed that the new method could get the optimal output within three iterations, which verified that the new method is a practical and efficient in power amplifier design. DOI: 10.3303/CET1651056 Please cite this article as: Li X.G., Bai X.C., Yuan Q., Zhang S.A., 2016, Application of load-pull in power amplifier design, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 51, 331-336 DOI:10.3303/CET1651056 331 At present, RF power amplifier is developing toward minimization and integration; however, it will affect the performance and the cost of communication systems.
    keywords: amplifier; circuit; design; efficiency; load; matching; method; momentum; output; power; power amplifier; simulation
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        item: #5573 of 7527
          id: cet-3921
      author: None
       title: cet-3921
        date: 2016-07-19
       words: 3021
      flesch: 59
     summary: This paper selects various air quality monitoring sensors, such as semiconductor air quality sensor (TGS2600/TGS260), dust sensor, carbon monoxide sensor (CO-BF), electrochemical sulphur dioxide sensor (SO2-A), and electrochemical NO2 gas sensor (NO2-A1) etc.. 2. DOI: 10.3303/CET1651057 Please cite this article as: Liu J.F., Wang Q.M., 2016, Application of an improved svm algorithm for wireless sensor networks in the prediction of air pollution, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 51, 337-342 DOI:10.3303/CET1651057 337 2.
    keywords: air; algorithm; data; pm2.5; prediction; sensor; wireless
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        item: #5574 of 7527
          id: cet-3922
      author: None
       title: cet-3922
        date: 2016-07-19
       words: 3262
      flesch: 24
     summary: 2.2 Analysis of problems exist in enterprise accounting informatization development The author of this paper holds that there exist various problems in development of enterprise accounting informatization combined with the implementation of enterprise accounting informatization and through the analysis of existing research data. In addition, mining and management of enterprise accounting informatization data needs to be conducted and the database of core data needs to be established to acquire richer enterprise development accounting information and achieve the effective management and application of mass data.
    keywords: accounting; accounting informatization; data; development; enterprise; enterprise accounting; informatization; support
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        item: #5575 of 7527
          id: cet-3923
      author: None
       title: cet-3923
        date: 2016-07-19
       words: 2923
      flesch: 70
     summary: 6. Conclusion The occurrence of supply chain risk always brings a huge loss to the whole supply chain. To predict the risk of the supply chain can warm the supply chain risk early and avoid the occurrence of supply chain risk.
    keywords: algorithm; chain; normal; risk; supply
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        item: #5576 of 7527
          id: cet-3924
      author: None
       title: cet-3924
        date: 2016-07-19
       words: 3026
      flesch: 67
     summary: DOI: 10.3303/CET1651060 Please cite this article as: Chang X., Li B.X., 2016, Power load forecasting based on the parallel chaos algorithm, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 51, 355-360 DOI:10.3303/CET1651060 355 2. References Akhmet M., Akhmetova Z., Fen M.O., 2014, Chaos in economic models with exogenous shocks, Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, 106: 95-108, DOI: 10.1016/j.jebo.2014.06.008 El-Shorbagy M.A., Mousa A.A., Nasr S.M., 2016, A chaos-based evolutionary algorithm for general nonlinear programming problems, Chaos, Solitons & Fractals, 2016, 85: 8-21, DOI: 10.1016/j.chaos.2016.01.007 Farshidianfar A., Saghafi A., 2014, Identification and control of chaos in nonlinear gear dynamic systems using Melnikov analysis,Physics Letters A, 378: 3457-3463, DOI: 10.1016/j.physleta.2014.09.060 He Y.X., Zhang J.X., Xu Y., Gao Y., Xia T., He H.Y, 2015, Forecasting the urban power load in China based on the risk analysis of land-use change and load density, International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems, 73: 71-79, DOI: 10.1016/j.ijepes.2015.03.018 Li S., Goel L., Wang P., 2016, An ensemble approach for short-term load forecasting by extreme learning machine, Applied Energy, 170: 22-29, DOI: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2016.02.114 Liang H.T., Kang F.J., 2016, Adaptive chaos parallel clonal selection algorithm for objective optimization in WTA application, Optik - International Journal for Light and Electron Optics, 127: 3459-3466, DOI: 10.1016/j.ijleo.2015.12.122 Malyutina E.I., Shiryaev V.I., 2014, Time Series Forecasting Using Nonlinear Dynamic Methods and Identification of Deterministic Chaos, Procedia Computer Science, 31: 1022-1031, DOI: 10.1016/j.procs.2014.05.355 Martinez-Anido C.B., Botor B., Florita A.R., Draxl C., Lu S.Y., Hamann H.F., Hodge B.M., 2016, The value of day-ahead solar power forecasting improvement, Solar Energy, 2016, 129: 192-203, DOI: 10.1016/j.solener.2016.01.049 Ömer F.E., 2016, Forecasting electricity load by a novel recurrent extreme learning machines approach, International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems, 78: 429-435, DOI: 10.1016/j.ijepes.2015.12.006 Panapakidis L.P., 2016, Clustering based day-ahead and hour-ahead bus load forecasting models, International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems, 80: 171-178, DOI: 10.1016/j.ijepes.2016.01.035 Xiao L.Y., Shao W., Liang T.L., Wang C., 2016, combined model based on multiple seasonal patterns and modified firefly algorithm for electrical load forecasting, Applied Energy, 2016, 167: 135-153, DOI: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2016.01.050 360
    keywords: algorithm; chaos; forecasting; load; n n; power
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        item: #5577 of 7527
          id: cet-3925
      author: None
       title: cet-3925
        date: 2016-07-19
       words: 2021
      flesch: 52
     summary: Compared to cable network, wireless network equips with both the mobility of high nodes and the convenience of the network, which makes wireless network more suitable to the network scenarios newly built or of highly movable nodes, such as on-site investigation and on-spot emergency. Choose needed network node models from the object panel, namely the switch, Ethernet server, wireless AP and wireless terminal, and then put them in the prepared setting.
    keywords: figure; network; simulation; time; traffic; wireless; wlan
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        item: #5578 of 7527
          id: cet-3926
      author: None
       title: cet-3926
        date: 2016-07-19
       words: 3589
      flesch: 48
     summary: Grey system theory model Grey modeling is to use the original data sequence to generate a number of differential equations (Hwang, 2014). Grey theory model based on the concept of correlation degree and the principle of correlation degree convergence.
    keywords: cost; grey; model; prediction;  ;  
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        item: #5579 of 7527
          id: cet-3927
      author: None
       title: cet-3927
        date: 2016-07-19
       words: 2841
      flesch: 60
     summary: Ant colony algorithm 2.1 The principle of ant colony algorithm Because of the advantages of ant colony algorithm in solving combinatorial optimization problems, it has been widely applied to various fields such as academic, industrial and commercial fields.
    keywords: algorithm; ant; colony; colony algorithm; path; pheromone; uniform
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        item: #5580 of 7527
          id: cet-3928
      author: None
       title: cet-3928
        date: 2016-07-19
       words: 3545
      flesch: 52
     summary: The Bayesian classification algorithm, using probability and statistics to classification samples, is one of the earliest methods for dealing with uncertainty by classification. The original data is from some operators in Harbin in Heilongjiang province, and from sample data for the data flow gas package users in March.
    keywords: algorithm; analysis; bayesian; classification; data; fisher; network; probability; sample
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        item: #5581 of 7527
          id: cet-3929
      author: None
       title: cet-3929
        date: 2016-07-19
       words: 3687
      flesch: 55
     summary: According to the Hadoop cloud computing platform, the parallelization of Random Forest algorithm has been studied. With the parallelization of Random Forest algorithm on Hadoop platform, the computational effciency and classification accuracy of the proposed algorithm are improved.
    keywords: classification; data; decision; forest; hadoop; method; platform; set; tree
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        item: #5582 of 7527
          id: cet-393
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 18patella.docx
        date: 2017-09-12
       words: 3590
      flesch: 49
     summary: In recent years, graphene has been widely used as reinforcing nanofiller for polymer to form functional and structural composites (Gopiraman,et al., 2013), such DOI: 10.3303/CET1760018 Please cite this article as: Li Z., Chen Y., Bi C., 2017, Preparation and properties of graphene/nanocopper reinforced epoxy resin composites, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 60, 103-108 DOI: 10.3303/CET1760018 103 as expanded graphite, graphite nanometer platelets, graphene oxide and graphene nanometer ribbons. Finally, the excellent mechanics capability and heat resistance of EP/graphene/Cu composites will add immensely to the development and research of the modification of epoxy resin.
    keywords: composites; content; epoxy; epoxy resin; graphene; properties; resin
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        item: #5583 of 7527
          id: cet-3930
      author: None
       title: cet-3930
        date: 2016-07-19
       words: 3422
      flesch: 60
     summary: Mazzariello C et al(2010) propose an intrusion detection system based on the network in the cloud environment, and they define a series of intrusion rules, so as to determine whether the corresponding behaviour belongs to the intrusion behaviour. DOI: 10.3303/CET1651066 Please cite this article as: Hu H.F., He W.N., 2016, Research on key technology of network intrusion detection system based on improved ga- bpnn algorithm, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 51, 391-396 DOI:10.3303/CET1651066 391 Chirag N. Modil et al (2012) apply the Bias classifier and Snort based network intrusion detection system to the cloud environment, and achieve very good classification results. In order to solve the problem of traditional intrusion detection algorithm in the presence of high false negative rate and high false positive rate, combined with the advantages of BP neural network algorithm, this paper puts forward a kind of intrusion detection algorithm which is used the genetic algorithm to optimize the BP neural network algorithm.
    keywords: algorithm; data; detection; intrusion; network; neural; tcp
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        item: #5584 of 7527
          id: cet-3931
      author: None
       title: cet-3931
        date: 2016-07-19
       words: 2883
      flesch: 37
     summary: The navigation coordinate system is the coordinate system using in strapdown inertial navigation system to solve the navigation parameters. The analysis has been presented in two steps, mainly including aw data focusing and phase error correction with strapdown inertial navigation system.
    keywords: coordinate; data; method; navigation; phase; q q; strapdown; system
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        item: #5585 of 7527
          id: cet-3932
      author: None
       title: cet-3932
        date: 2016-07-19
       words: 3504
      flesch: 58
     summary: Before extracting image color feature, the image is segmented in advance, so the space relation is added in certain degree, and color feature has not only the global color information but also the space information. The construction of color space has intuitionistic effect on image color features extraction.
    keywords: color; feature; hbch; image; information; method; retrieval; space
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        item: #5586 of 7527
          id: cet-3934
      author: None
       title: cet-3934
        date: 2016-07-19
       words: 3133
      flesch: 39
     summary: In addition, a clear and simple decision rule should have less antecedent combination, namely the number of produced reduction set condition attributes should be as less as possible. It utilizes rough to carry out attribute reduction for various historical data related to load, gets rid of those irrelative attribute to decision information and simplifies input variable so as to shorten the search space of neural network and improve the prediction performance.
    keywords: attribute; data; information; load; network; reduction; set; theory
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        item: #5587 of 7527
          id: cet-3935
      author: None
       title: cet-3935
        date: 2016-07-19
       words: 2899
      flesch: 41
     summary: And from the simulation result shown in Figure 5, with the increase of the iterations the PSNR of two kinds of algorithms for image reconstruction tends to be stable, but compared with the CS method, the new algorithm possesses higher result, which shows the better quality of the reconstructed image. In the process of image super resolution reconstruction, the traditional methods to recover the lost high frequency information of the image such as interpolation method will bring the fuzzy edges.
    keywords: algorithm; frequency; image; reconstruction; resolution; sensing; signal; wavelet
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        item: #5588 of 7527
          id: cet-3936
      author: None
       title: cet-3936
        date: 2016-07-19
       words: 3250
      flesch: 37
     summary: Example of applying BIM technology in foundation pit design 4.1 Project review The project of Changsha Zhongqing Square Center is located in Changsha Peace Avenue. In addition, the models and information will be used in the full DOI: 10.3303/CET1651072 Please cite this article as: Tian Y.Z., Yue H., 2016, Application research of bim technology in computer aided design of building foundation, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 51, 427-432 DOI:10.3303/CET1651072 427 building life cycle which includes construction engineering design, construction management, operation management, etc (Adamu et al., 2015).
    keywords: bim; building; construction; design; foundation; model; pit; technology
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        item: #5589 of 7527
          id: cet-3937
      author: None
       title: cet-3937
        date: 2016-07-19
       words: 2650
      flesch: 46
     summary: Reference Akyildiz I., Kasimoglu I., 2004, Wireless Sensor and Actor Networks: Research Challenges, Ad Hoc Networks, 4, 351-367, DOI: 10.1016/j.adhoc.2004.04.003 Pawlowski, A., Guzman J., 2009, Simulation of greenhouse climate monitoring and control with wireless sensor network and event-based control, Sensors, 9, 232- 252, DOI: 10.3390/s90100232 Romer K., Mattern F., 2004, The design space of wireless sensor networks, IEEE Wireless Commun., 6, 54- 61, DOI: 10.1109/MWC.2004.1368897 Skrzypczak, L., Grimaldi, D., Rak, R., 2009, Basic Characteristics of ZigBee and Simpliciti Modules to use in Measurement Systems, XIX IMEKO World Congress Fundamental and Applied Metrology, 9, 6-11 Song, W., Huang, R., Xu, M., 2010, Design and Deployment of Sensor Network for Real-Time High-Fidelity Volcano Monitoring, IEEE Transactions On Parallel And Distributed Systems, 11, 1658-1674, DOI: 10.1109/TPDS.2010.37 Wang N., Zhang N., Wang M., 2006, Wireless sensors in agriculture and food industry-Recent development and future perspective, Computers and Electronics in Agriculture, 50, 1-14, DOI: 10.1016/j.compag.2005.09.003 Wark T., Corke P., Sikka P., 2007, Transforming Agriculture through Pervasive Wireless Sensor Networks, Pervasive Computing, 2, 50-57, DOI: 10.1109/MPRV.2007.47 Zhu Y.W., Zhong X.X., Shi A., 2006, The Design of Wireless Sensor Network System Based on ZigBee Technology for Greenhouse, Journal of Physics, 1, 1195-1199, DOI: 10.1088/17426596/48/1/2236 438 The development of wireless sensor networks was motivated by military applications such as battlefield surveillance; today such networks are used in many industrial, agricultural and consumer applications, such as industrial process monitoring and control, machine health monitoring, agricultural greenhouse monitoring and so on.
    keywords: coordinator; data; end; network; sensor; system; wireless; zigbee
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        item: #5590 of 7527
          id: cet-3938
      author: None
       title: cet-3938
        date: 2016-07-19
       words: 2546
      flesch: 24
     summary: This paper puts forward a design method of hybrid active power filter which is based on harmonics detection and identifying. According to minimum current principle of harmonic compensation, the compensation performance of hybrid active power filter in power distribution system has been analyzed and verified by Matlab simulation, and the stable current experimental results shows this power filter in this paper is going quite well effect on harmonic compensation in circuit, and this hybrid filter which connects in series active filter and passive filter improves the compensations performance remarkably, meanwhile avoiding the expensive initial cost.
    keywords: compensation; current; filter; harmonic; power; power filter; voltage
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        item: #5591 of 7527
          id: cet-3939
      author: None
       title: cet-3939
        date: 2016-07-19
       words: 2868
      flesch: 55
     summary: Table 1: Supply chain risk evaluation system of the fresh agricultural products First order index Second order index Third order index Supply chain risk evaluation system of the fresh agricultural products Internal risk Risk in choosing suppliers and dealers Quality risk of the fresh agricultural products Technical risk Risk of deterioration for the fresh agricultural products Risk management decision Quality of supply chain risk Structure of the supply chain risk External risk Credit risks Market environment risk Demand fluctuation risk Supply fluctuation risk Natural risk Policy risk Cooperation risk Logistics risk Transportation risk Distribution of risk Inventory risk Information risk Information transfer risk Information security risk 3. Broccoli in the eastern United States, Food Policy, 49, 151-159, DOI: 10.1016/j.foodpol.2014.07.005 Chen W.C., Li J., Jin X.J., 2016, The replenishment policy of agri-products with stochastic demand in integrated agricultural supply chains, Expert Systems with Applications, 48, 55-66, DOI: 10.1016/j.eswa.2015.11.017 Ge H.T., Gray R., Nolan J., 2015, Agricultural supply chain optimization and complexity: A comparison of analytic vs simulated solutions and policies, International Journal of Production Economics, 159, 208-220, DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpe.2014.09.023 Jacxsens L., Luning P.A., van der Vorst J.G.A.J., Devlieghere F., Leemans R., Uyttendaele M., 2010, Simulation modelling and risk assessment as tools to identify the impact of climate change on 449 microbiological food safety – The case study of fresh produce supply chain, Food Research International, 43, 1925-1935, DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2009.07.009 Jayakumar D.N., Venkatesh P., 2014, Glowworm swarm optimization algorithm with topsis for solving multiple objective environmental economic dispatch problem, Applied Soft Computing, 23, 375-386, DOI: 10.1016/j.asoc.2014.06.049 Krohling R.A., Lourenzutti R., Campos M., 2015, Ranking and comparing evolutionary algorithms with Hellinger-TOPSIS, Applied Soft Computing, 37, 217-226, DOI: 10.1016/j.asoc.2015.08.012 Lima F.R. Jr., Osiro L., Carpinetti L.C.R., A comparison between Fuzzy AHP and Fuzzy TOPSIS methods to supplier selection, Applied Soft Computing, 21, 194-209, DOI: 10.1016/j.asoc.2014.03.014 Lourenzutti R., Krohling R.A., 2016, A generalized TOPSIS method for group decision making with heterogeneous information in a dynamic environment, Information Sciences, 330, 1-18, DOI: 10.1016/j.ins.2015.10.005 Mahdevari S., Shahriar K., Esfahanipour A., 2014, Human health and safety risks management in underground coal mines using fuzzy TOPSIS, Science of The Total Environment, 488–489, 85-99, DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2014.04.076 Mir M.A., Ghazvinei P.T., Sulaiman N.M.N., Basri N.E.A., Saheri S., Mahmood N.Z., Jahan A., Begum R.A., Aghamohammadi N., 2016, Application of TOPSIS and VIKOR improved versions in a multi criteria decision analysis to develop an optimized municipal solid waste management model, Journal of Environmental Management, 166, 109-115, DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2015.09.028 Nong G.P., Pang S.L., 2013, Coordination of Agricultural Products Supply Chain with Stochastic Yield by Price Compensation, IERI Procedia, 5, 118-125, DOI: 10.1016/j.ieri.2013.11.080 Noya I., Aldea X., Gasol C.M., González-García S., Amores M.J., Colón J., Ponsá S., Roman I., Rubio M.A., Casas E., Moreira M.T., Boschmonart-Rives J., 2016, Carbon and water footprint of pork supply chain in Catalonia: From feed to final products, Journal of Environmental Management, 171, 133-143, DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2016.01.039 Othman M.K., Fadzil M.N., Rahman N.S.F.A., 2015, The Malaysian Seafarers Psychological Distraction Assessment Using a TOPSIS Method, International Journal of e-Navigation and Maritime Economy, 3, 40- 50, DOI: 10.1016/j.enavi.2015.12.005 Perdana Y.R., 2012, Logistics Information System for Supply Chain of Agricultural Commodity, Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 65, 608-613, DOI: 10.1016/j.sbspro.2012.11.172 Vinodh S., Prasanna M., Prakash N.H., 2014, Integrated Fuzzy AHP–TOPSIS for selecting the best plastic recycling method: A case study, Applied Mathematical Modelling, 38, 4662-4672, DOI: 10.1016/j.apm.2014.03.007 Wanke P., Barros C.P., Chen Z.F., 2015, An analysis of Asian airlines efficiency with two-stage TOPSIS and MCMC generalized linear mixed models, International Journal of Production Economics, 169, 110-126, DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpe.2015.07.028 Yu J.F., Wang L., Gong X.L., 2013, Study on the Status Evaluation of Urban Road Intersections Traffic Congestion Base on AHP-TOPSIS Modal, Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 96, 609-616, DOI: 10.1016/j.sbspro.2013.08.071 450
    keywords: chain; index; method; products; risk; supply
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        item: #5592 of 7527
          id: cet-394
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 18patella.docx
        date: 2017-09-12
       words: 2789
      flesch: 57
     summary: Hu and others combined the thermal precipitation and physical evaporation to synthesize three-layer coaxial nanocables (Ga/Ga2O3/ZnO) and the Ga2O3/ZnO two-layer coaxial nanotubes (Hu, et al., 2014); for the composite material of one- dimensional TiO2 /SiO2 nano-structured materials, Zhang and others prepared the coaxial TiO2/SiO2 nanotubes by using the sol-gel and gas method; Xu and others prepared the TiO2/SiO2 composite hollow nanofibres, TiO2@SiO2 submicron coaxial cables and TiO2@SiO2 coaxial double-wall submicron by using electrospinning technology (Xu, et al., 2012). [PVP+（C2H5O) 4Si] coaxial composite fibers are roasted through the programmed temperature control furnace, and the heating rate is 1℃/min.
    keywords: analysis; coaxial; figure; olive; tio2; tube
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        item: #5593 of 7527
          id: cet-3940
      author: None
       title: cet-3940
        date: 2016-07-19
       words: 2752
      flesch: 59
     summary: Common rules for handling data include data extraction rule, data loading rule, filter rule, the projection rule, column splitting rule, rule to merge column, column function rule, column filtering rule, table joining rule, multi broadcast rule, search and replace rule, derived column rule, column mapping rules, order rule, and group rule. Traffic data includes data base, picture, video, text and other structured data, unstructured data and semi-structured data and so on.
    keywords: data; etl; extraction; network; processing; rule; system; traffic
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        item: #5594 of 7527
          id: cet-3941
      author: None
       title: cet-3941
        date: 2016-07-19
       words: 3183
      flesch: 43
     summary: The next is conducting parameter setting for operation object of S city distribution center system: (1) Since the daily processing amount of express items is 150,000, the parameter setting of generator obeys the uniform distribution function uniform (40, 20); (2) We set 8 colors to distinguish express items of different operational areas, among which, the color of express items in unpacking area is different from that an express item is set as 10s; (3) Since the quantity of express items in S city operational area is large, we use 4 colors to represent the express items entering this region, therefore, the parameter setting of generator is duniform (1,4); (4) The resolver parameter is set according to the field research result. General steps of logistics system simulation Logistics system simulation in general has the following steps: (1) System Research System research is the first step in system simulation.
    keywords: area; center; distribution; express; items; simulation; sorting; system
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        item: #5595 of 7527
          id: cet-3942
      author: None
       title: cet-3942
        date: 2016-07-19
       words: 3615
      flesch: 49
     summary: 4. Results of experiments 4.1 Experimental setup The database used in this work is the HEp-2 set of blood cell image provided by ICPR 2012 for classifying the type of blood cell (Theera-Umpon and Gader, 2002). zhaoxxmu@163.com Automatic analysis and classification of blood cell image has become the main stream of blood cell automatic detection technology.
    keywords: blood; blood cell; cell; classification; cnn; image; recognition
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        item: #5596 of 7527
          id: cet-3943
      author: None
       title: cet-3943
        date: 2016-07-19
       words: 3250
      flesch: 52
     summary: Currently, there are usually two automatic registration techniques used in engineering: feature-based matching algorithm, for example sample-sphere matching algorithm based on normal (Meng and Zhang, 2011) and algorithm based on the boundary of point cloud (Wang and Zhang, 2012); ICP algorithm (Besl and Mckay, 1992). Jiangsu Daxue Xuebao, 36(3), pp. 319-323, DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1671-7775.2015.03.013 Meng, Y., Zhang, H., 2011, Registration of point clouds using sample-sphere and adaptive distance restriction, Visual Computer, 27(6-8), 543-553, DOI: 10.1007/s00371-011-0580-0 Papazov, C., Burschka, D., 2010, An Efficient RANSAC for 3D Object Recognition in Noisy and Occluded Scenes, Computer Vision – ACCV 2010, Springer Berlin Heidelberg, pp. 135-148, DOI: 10.1007/978-3- 642-19315-6_11 Rusinkiewicz S., Levoy M., 2001, Efficient Variants of the ICP Algorithm, International Conference on 3D Digital Imaging and Modeling, Quebec City, Canada, 1, pp.
    keywords: algorithm; cloud; figure; icp; point; ransac; registration; sets
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        item: #5597 of 7527
          id: cet-3944
      author: None
       title: cet-3944
        date: 2016-07-19
       words: 3070
      flesch: 52
     summary: In this paper, an improved PSO algorithm of reducing inertia weight and adding the constriction factor combined with BP neural network is presented for endpoint prediction in BOF. PSO-BP applies the improved PSO to optimize the initial weights and thresholds of BP neural networks.
    keywords: algorithm; bof; endpoint; layer; network; neural; prediction; pso; temperature
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        item: #5598 of 7527
          id: cet-3945
      author: None
       title: cet-3945
        date: 2016-07-19
       words: 3737
      flesch: 48
     summary: Reactive power optimization of distribution network based on Dual Population ant colony 3.1 Mathematical model of reactive power optimization The mathematical model of reactive power optimization in distribution network includes three parts: the node power constraint equation, the variable constraint condition and the objective function. Conclusion According to the current situation and characteristics of reactive power optimization of distribution network and under the premise of satisfying the network performance requirement of reactive power of generator and load node voltage, this paper has established a mathematical model of reactive power integrated optimization which fits in with the actual distribution network, using the minimum of the distribution system network loss as the objective function.
    keywords: algorithm; ant; colony; distribution; optimization; pheromone; population; power
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        item: #5599 of 7527
          id: cet-3946
      author: None
       title: cet-3946
        date: 2016-07-19
       words: 2967
      flesch: 62
     summary: For overcoming the above shortcoming, combined with the characteristic of Levy flight, based on Levy flight ant colony optimization is proposed which used Levy flight instead of local search for improving the searching efficiency. This algorithm use Levy flight to perform local search algorithm and unlike ACO algorithm and random search, so local search ability of the algorithm has been greatly improved.
    keywords: algorithm; ant; levy; lfaco; search
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        item: #5600 of 7527
          id: cet-3947
      author: None
       title: cet-3947
        date: 2016-07-19
       words: 2661
      flesch: 45
     summary: Considerable work has been done developing models or approaches to facilitate the planning of construction machine operations. Most construction projects involve use of construction machines, construction plant manager has to consider both timeliness and flexibility to develop an efficient schedule of dispatching construction machines, which can balance the operations at different construction sites.
    keywords: construction; design; information; machines; range; site; system
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        item: #5601 of 7527
          id: cet-3948
      author: None
       title: cet-3948
        date: 2016-07-19
       words: 3099
      flesch: 68
     summary: Step 2: Let 𝑡 = 𝑡 + 1, according to (4), (5) and (6), computing the fitness of 𝑓(𝑋(𝑡)) and for 𝑖 = 1 to 𝑚, if 𝑓(𝑋𝑖 (𝑡 + 1)) In order to test the performance of the proposed algorithm in our work, we apply it to the benchmark function test and compare it with standard PSO and QPSO algorithm, which shows that the LFQPSO outperforms the standard PSO and QPSO algorithm.
    keywords: particle; qpso
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        item: #5602 of 7527
          id: cet-3949
      author: None
       title: cet-3949
        date: 2016-07-19
       words: 3535
      flesch: 56
     summary: In addition, we use the K-mean clustering algorithm based on genetic algorithm, which is commonly use in the field of financial early warning. Although the primary indicators of financial early warning are very comprehensive, it may not be able to sensitively forecast the Ltd financial situations.
    keywords: algorithm; clustering; companies; crisis; means; model; set; warning
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        item: #5603 of 7527
          id: cet-395
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 18patella.docx
        date: 2017-09-12
       words: 3743
      flesch: 46
     summary: 119 The LCA study was aimed at suggesting improvements for the production of NC based materials in terms of sustainability and future marketing. The materials studied were addressing the development and assessment of a complete biodegradable packaging solution by using Polylactic acid (PLA) based materials for the production of rigid packaging and flexible films.
    keywords: chitin; compost; food; materials; packaging; pla; production; test; use
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        item: #5604 of 7527
          id: cet-3950
      author: None
       title: cet-3950
        date: 2016-07-19
       words: 3335
      flesch: 46
     summary: For any SN, B, the consistent set of decision behavior of cluster agent and cluster group S under the influence function B can be expressed as: FB(S):={jN∀iIS[(Bi)j= iS]} By the same token, the inconsistent set of decision behavior of cluster agent and cluster group S under the influence function B can be expressed as: 𝐹B(S):={jN∀iIS[(Bi)j= -iS]} Theorem 1. In fact, strategic emerging industry cluster is not only a kind of economic form based on the specialization, but also is a multiple complex social network composed of society, cluster, culture and so on.
    keywords: agents; behavior; cluster; cooperation; decision; industry; influence; making
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        item: #5605 of 7527
          id: cet-3951
      author: None
       title: cet-3951
        date: 2016-07-19
       words: 2636
      flesch: 55
     summary: Considering the importance of image components and the effect of smoothness in image compression, the method use clustering algorithm to classify the image as edge blocks (main subject) and nonedge blocks (background), then the background of the image is subjected to low quality lossy compression and the main subject is compressed with high quality lossy compression. Douak proposed a new algorithm for color images compression (Douak et al., 2011).
    keywords: algorithm; block; color; compression; dct; image; jpeg
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        item: #5606 of 7527
          id: cet-3952
      author: None
       title: cet-3952
        date: 2016-07-19
       words: 3749
      flesch: 48
     summary: In this section, some concepts of ant colony algorithm are reviewed. Here, the selection and construction of intelligent medical system is the important task.
    keywords: algorithm; ant; colony; data; information; medical; path; pheromone; system
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        item: #5607 of 7527
          id: cet-3953
      author: None
       title: cet-3953
        date: 2016-07-19
       words: 4292
      flesch: 64
     summary: If the grid cell with Gaussian noise points is the non -edge grid cell, mean values and variance of gray scale of non- noise points in the grid cell are calculated to figure out gray scale values which are used to replace Gaussian noise points. For Gaussian noise points, edge points can be used to divide the pixel points in the grid cell into two classes and then replace Gaussian noise points with the non- edge grid method.
    keywords: algorithm; edge; grid; grid cell; image; noise; noise point; point
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        item: #5608 of 7527
          id: cet-3954
      author: None
       title: cet-3954
        date: 2016-07-19
       words: 3492
      flesch: 44
     summary: Collision detection is to carry out space collision conflict detection for three dimension building information model on the computer in advance. Using BIM technology and computer technology, aiming at some problems of construction engineering design, we put forward the effective solution, which helps to improve information technology and information management level of the design enterprise and enhance the core competitiveness of design enterprise.
    keywords: bim; building; construction; data; design; development; information; layer; model; platform
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        item: #5609 of 7527
          id: cet-3955
      author: None
       title: cet-3955
        date: 2016-07-19
       words: 2959
      flesch: 55
     summary: According to the analysis of Alleyne (1998), guided wave mode will convert into F (1, 3) if the incident mode is L (0, 2). Taking the circular distribution of guided wave reflection into consideration, two series of defects changing in depth and circular length were introduced in numerical simulation.
    keywords: defects; energy; figure; finite; mode; pipe; wave
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        item: #5610 of 7527
          id: cet-3956
      author: None
       title: cet-3956
        date: 2016-07-19
       words: 2907
      flesch: 54
     summary: After making generalizations and analyses of related research results, the influencing factors of software project risks in this paper are considered to generally include: DOI: 10.3303/CET1651092     (15) In this way, the gray category of software project risks can be determined based on the magnitude of gray close degree k.
    keywords: k j; k k; risk; software
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        item: #5611 of 7527
          id: cet-3957
      author: None
       title: cet-3957
        date: 2016-07-19
       words: 3380
      flesch: 52
     summary: Firstly, aiming at the difficulty of monitoring to the seawater hydrology, an online monitoring scheme composed of wireless sensor network and computer technology are proposed in this paper. Wireless sensor network is considered to be one of the most influential technology, and it has attracted great attention in both academia and industry.
    keywords: algorithm; data; layer; monitoring; network; sensor; temperature; water
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        item: #5612 of 7527
          id: cet-3958
      author: None
       title: cet-3958
        date: 2016-07-19
       words: 2415
      flesch: 37
     summary: Figure 3: Diagram of multi-scale morphological decomposition According to the calculation method of multi-scale morphological spectrum entropy of three groups of simulation signal spectrum entropy was calculated, and the calculation results as shown in table 1 and figure 1, which category 1-3 corresponding modulation frequency parameters of 60 Hz and 120 Hz and 240 Hz simulation signal. This article combines multi-scale decomposition with the information entropy theory, put forward a kind of feature extraction method based on multi-scale morphological spectrum entropy, with multi-scale morphological spectrum entropy (multi-scale morphological spectrum entropy, multi-scale morphological singular spectrum entropy) as a feature vector can effectively distinguish between different running state of rolling bearings, and through the simulation and experiment validation.
    keywords: decomposition; entropy; feature; multi; scale; signal; spectrum
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        item: #5613 of 7527
          id: cet-3959
      author: None
       title: cet-3959
        date: 2016-07-19
       words: 3323
      flesch: 51
     summary: Although most scholars make a lot of research on the characteristics of fly ash cement, and devote themselves to develop high performance fly ash cement, few research on hydratio n mechanism of fly ash cement and grouting mechanism. Conclusions (1)Hydration mechanism of cement fly ash is obtained by the thermal culvert analysis and free energy analysis: the main reason for the formation of the activity of fly ash is high temperatures; active fly ash and cement form a stable cement hardened body.
    keywords: ash; cement; fly; grouting; grouts; javascript; strength; test; void(0; water
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        item: #5614 of 7527
          id: cet-396
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 18patella.docx
        date: 2017-09-12
       words: 3212
      flesch: 49
     summary: An extensive study on the recovery of municipal solid waste incinerator fly ash is investigated. In order to avoid that chlorides and sulfates contained in MSWI fly ash could affect the cementitious binding matrix, a pre-washing treatment has been carried out to reduce their content (Colangelo 2012.
    keywords: aggregates; ash; fly; materials; pelletization; step; waste
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        item: #5615 of 7527
          id: cet-3960
      author: None
       title: cet-3960
        date: 2016-07-19
       words: 3297
      flesch: 39
     summary: After the observation and study of the users on microblog platform, it can be found that Weibo users have different relationship network compared with other social platforms. To recommend some concerned Weibo for centre users, and from the aspect of user relationship mining, we mainly deal with centre users’ concerns instead of processing their fans(not including mutual powder).
    keywords: algorithm; centre; collaborative; information; microblog; recommendation; user; weibo
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        item: #5616 of 7527
          id: cet-3961
      author: None
       title: cet-3961
        date: 2016-07-19
       words: 2659
      flesch: 51
     summary: Fei K., Xu Z.Y., 2011, Application of inquiry learning method in soil mechanics teaching, Journal of Architectural Education in Institutions of Higher Learning, 20(4), 108-111. This situation also applies to the teaching of soil mechanics in that students lacks innovation ability and capability of addressing problems via the principles and theories of soil mechanics.
    keywords: condition; earth; limit; mechanics; pressure; soil; teaching
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        item: #5617 of 7527
          id: cet-3962
      author: None
       title: cet-3962
        date: 2016-07-19
       words: 3076
      flesch: 57
     summary: Shon et al., (2006) present a method DOI: 10.3303/CET1651098 Please cite this article as: Tan B., Tan Y., Li Y.X., 2016, Research on intrusion detection system based on improved pso-svm algorithm, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 51, 583-588 DOI:10.3303/CET1651098 583 which is used the genetic algorithm to select the feature of TCP/IP data packets. There are also other learning algorithms used in the field of intrusion detection, such as support vector machine(Xu and Li, 2012; Li et al., 2012), genetic algorithm(Wang et al., 2010; Li et al., 2003) and artificial neural network (Liu, 2014; Zhang, 2012).
    keywords: algorithm; classification; detection; intrusion; network; number; pso; svm; system
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        item: #5618 of 7527
          id: cet-3963
      author: None
       title: cet-3963
        date: 2016-07-19
       words: 2801
      flesch: 60
     summary: Main use Ultra short term power load forecasting 10min~1hour Power grid on-line control short term power load forecasting 1day~1year Generation, power supply and distribution plan Medium term power load forecasting 1year~5year Grid operation plan and development plan Long term power load forecasting More than 5year Power grid development planning DOI: 10.3303/CET1651099 Please cite this article as: Zhang J.R., 2016, Research on power load forecasting based on the improved elman neural network, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 51, 589-594 DOI:10.3303/CET1651099 589 Power load forecasting is used to predict the time distribution and spatial distribution of future power grid load. Therefore, the application of fuzzy theory in power load forecasting has some limitations (Thair et al., 2015).
    keywords: forecasting; layer; load; network; neural; power; power load; value
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        item: #5619 of 7527
          id: cet-3964
      author: None
       title: cet-3964
        date: 2016-07-19
       words: 2715
      flesch: 2
     summary: (2)The combination of accuracy evaluation and fuzzy evaluation In the process of selecting computer network reliability evaluation indexes, most indexes need accurate data, according to its data to evaluate computer network reliability. , the evaluation vector of computer network reliability evaluation of Weifang University of Science and Technology is shown as follows:  0.2098 0.3081 0.3877 0.0807 0.0137w  , Based on the maximum principle we could get that the evaluation level of computer network reliability of Weifang University of Science and Technology is general.
    keywords: computer; evaluation; general; indexes; level; network; network reliability; reliability; transmission
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        item: #5620 of 7527
          id: cet-3965
      author: None
       title: cet-3965
        date: 2016-07-19
       words: 3131
      flesch: 60
     summary: In this paper, based on particle swarm optimization (PSO) (Malik et al., 2011; Kenedy and Eberhart, 1995), an improved SVM alogrithm is proposed to be applied in intelligent transportation system so as to detect or predict traffic incidents in time. It is widely accepted that traffic incident has strong randomness and unpredictable destructiveness Support vector machine proposed by Vapnik et al. is introduced in this paper to solve the existing problems in traffic incidents in order to help improve the efficiency and effect in intelligent transportation system.
    keywords: function; method; particle; step; svm; system; transportation
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        item: #5621 of 7527
          id: cet-3966
      author: None
       title: cet-3966
        date: 2016-07-19
       words: 3195
      flesch: 52
     summary: The advantage of DOI: 10.3303/CET1651102 Please cite this article as: Wu W.Z., Liu L.Q., Xu B., 2016, Application research on data mining algorithm in intrusion detection system, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 51, 607-612 DOI:10.3303/CET1651102 607 statistical analysis is that the user's behaviour patterns can be accurately characterized by carefully selected metrics, so as to find behaviours that violate the security policy. In order to improve the detection effect of intrusion detection system, this paper researches on the commonly used clustering and classification techniques in data mining.
    keywords: algorithm; clustering; data; detection; intrusion; means; method
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        item: #5622 of 7527
          id: cet-3967
      author: None
       title: cet-3967
        date: 2016-07-19
       words: 3473
      flesch: 54
     summary: Up to now, although cloud computing service achieved some success with the development to the deepening of the application, owing to security, technology, management, and other constraints, not all businesses are suitable for the use of this service model, so the business need consider their own actual situation and select a method to make effective evaluation of the comprehensive capacity of the cloud computing services. Thus, according to these characteristics, in this paper, we analysis cloud computing service from security and risk, data, services, resources, economic dimensions and then introduce a new multiple attribute decision making method to assess cloud computing service where a cloud computing service adaptability evaluation system is constructed.
    keywords: cloud; computing; decision; method; service
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        item: #5623 of 7527
          id: cet-3968
      author: None
       title: cet-3968
        date: 2016-07-19
       words: 2556
      flesch: 45
     summary: Therefore, we can use Nutch to build agricultural search engine fast and conveniently. The architecture of agricultural vertical search engine based on Nutch is depicted as figure Initialize URL seeds Information retrieval WEB URL library Information acquisition Webpage analysis Topics filtering Establish index Index library URL Http request Http response html page index User interface Retrieval request Retrieval results Retrieval results Retrieval page URL Agricultural field ontology library Figure 2: Nutch-based Agricultural Vertical Search Engine Structure 620 From the logical analysis, the construction of agricultural vertical search engine based on Nutch is divided into 5 stages: the initial URL seed, information collection, information filtering, establishment of index, and information retrieval.
    keywords: engine; information; nutch; page; results; retrieval; search; web
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        item: #5624 of 7527
          id: cet-3969
      author: None
       title: cet-3969
        date: 2016-07-19
       words: 4349
      flesch: 60
     summary: i i in r r r be n uncertain preference ordinals and   2 2 2 2 1 2, , , ,t t t t Let , , , , , 1, , 1.t L U L U ij ijt ijt ijt ijt r r r r r M h L L U L        Then, the probability vector on t ij r is represented by  1 2, , ,t t t t ij ij ij ij m r r r r p p p p and the elements of t ijr p are given by     2 2 2 2 2 2 0, 1, 2, 1; , , 1, , , 1; 0 , 1, 2, , . n n t ij n n L ijt h u k L L U ijt ijt ijtr h u U j L U U ijt ijt k r e p k r r r h h L e k r r m                            (7) where t ij k r p denotes the probability that the alternative is ranked in the k th position, such that 1 1t ij m k r k p   and 0 1, 1, 2, , .t ij k r p k m   Remark 5.
    keywords: r r; t t
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        item: #5625 of 7527
          id: cet-397
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 18patella.docx
        date: 2017-09-12
       words: 2474
      flesch: 50
     summary: DOI: 10.3303/CET1760022 Please cite this article as: Kasher R., Regev C., Feinstein R., Belfer S., 2017, Fabrication of a polymeric coating layer with unique micro- spherical structure on water treatment membranes, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 60, 127-132 DOI: 10.3303/CET1760022 127 Figure 1: Flat (smooth) vs. spherical coating of membrane surface. In this study a straight, one-step generation of spherical polymeric coating on NF membrane surfaces was performed by emulsion co-polymerization of styrene and polyethylene glycol methacrylate (PEGMA) in water.
    keywords: coating; membrane; micelles; styrene; surface; water
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        item: #5626 of 7527
          id: cet-3970
      author: None
       title: cet-3970
        date: 2016-07-19
       words: 2796
      flesch: 52
     summary: The main innovations of this paper lie in that 1) we introduce the GARCH model in stock market risk measuring, and 2) we utilize the Value-at-Risk (VaR) as the stock market risk measure. From a macro perspective, stock market risk has a great negative impact on the stability of the securities market and the healthy development of the national economy.
    keywords: algorithm; index; market; market risk; model; risk; stock; stock market; value
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        item: #5627 of 7527
          id: cet-3971
      author: None
       title: cet-3971
        date: 2016-07-19
       words: 3654
      flesch: 53
     summary: Over the years, with the further research on uncertain theories, there has been a series of methods coping with random and fuzzy information, from the initial probability theory to fuzzy mathematic theory proposed by Zadeh in 1965, from the classic Cantor sets to Fuzzy sets, which opens up a new method for processing fuzzy information. Copyright © 2016, AIDIC Servizi S.r.l., ISBN 978-88-95608-43-3; ISSN 2283-9216 Research on Method Application of Transforming Fuzzy Sets Using SPA Sets Li Xie*, Wenbo Zhou, Lei Shi Institute of Disaster Prevention,Yanjiao Town,065201,PR China xieli@cidp.edu.cn Research on SPA sets is an important part of the processing and decision of uncertain information in intelligent information processing, which is of great theoretical significance and practical application value in such methods as multi-attribute decision-making, fuzzy information processing, artificial intelligence and group decision.
    keywords: information; method; potential; processing; sets; spa; vague
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        item: #5628 of 7527
          id: cet-3972
      author: None
       title: cet-3972
        date: 2016-07-19
       words: 2519
      flesch: 49
     summary: 4.2 Mineral dissolution and precipitation under different methane flux rates Different methane leakage rates affect the AOM reaction, making the difference between the ion concentrations in the pore water, which affects the formation of carbonate minerals. Enhanced pyrite formation near the SMI due to sufficient supply of methane is able to serve as a useful indicator for methane flux in the sea bottom.
    keywords: aom; case; flux; methane; model; precipitation; rate; sea
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        item: #5629 of 7527
          id: cet-3973
      author: None
       title: cet-3973
        date: 2016-07-19
       words: 3611
      flesch: 56
     summary: But there is few research and practice in view of CDIO engineering ability evaluation. 2.2 Construction of evaluation index system based on CDIO
    keywords: b b; cdio; education; engineering; evaluation; index; level;  
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        item: #5630 of 7527
          id: cet-3974
      author: None
       title: cet-3974
        date: 2016-07-19
       words: 2128
      flesch: 50
     summary: Software design 4.1 Software for single greenhouse control system Real Time Clock Alarm circuit Display circuit data storage Monomer Greenhouse (sub-station) CAN to USB PC USB bus CAN bus H u m id ity S e n s o r T e m p e r a tu r e S e n s o r L ig h t s e n s o r R e la y c o n tr o l Monomer Greenhouse (sub-station) Figure 2: Block diagram of hardware design 2.3 Software design Software design includes the design of control system software for a single greenhouse, CAN bus transmission, USB data transmission and upper computer management software.
    keywords: control; data; design; greenhouse; sensor; software; system; temperature
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        item: #5631 of 7527
          id: cet-3975
      author: None
       title: cet-3975
        date: 2016-07-19
       words: 2764
      flesch: 41
     summary: The high-frequency trading strategy evaluation DOI: 10.3303/CET1651111 Please cite this article as: Chen Y.W., Guo J.F., Wang C., Feng N., 2016, High frequency trading strategy evaluation system based on grey relational analysis and power spectral estimation, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 51, 661-666 DOI:10.3303/CET1651111 661 mailto:chenyouwei@163.com http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/search/searchresult.jsp?searchWithin=p_Authors:.QT.Jian%20Zou.QT.&newsearch=true system based on gray relational analysis and power spectral estimation algorithm (Strategy Evaluation System, SES), its function modules and performance flowchart are shown in Figure 1: Figure 1: Evaluation system model of high frequency trading strategy 1) Strategy compiler module does the natural language processing of trading strategies, and analyzes and describes the strategy factors. 2) Strategy analyzer module identifies and discover strategy execution timing from historical data based on power spectrum estimation algorithm timely. The strategy principles used in high-frequency trading have no fundamental difference with common trading principles, they are just models constructed through careful quantification by mathematicians or physicists who have a high level of mathematical logic ability, and then packed into strategy pools one by one through sequencing in order to establish objective criteria for trading strategy by IT engineers according to the special requirements of high-frequency trading hardware and software performance environment.
    keywords: analysis; average; data; evaluation; frequency; power; price; strategy; system; trading; xi’an
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        item: #5632 of 7527
          id: cet-3976
      author: None
       title: cet-3976
        date: 2016-07-19
       words: 3493
      flesch: 72
     summary: m Q tQ                   (25) t Q p                 (9) and:
    keywords: supply;  
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        item: #5633 of 7527
          id: cet-3977
      author: None
       title: cet-3977
        date: 2016-07-19
       words: 3273
      flesch: 54
     summary: The high deficit not only reflected the competitiveness of China's agricultural products in the world, but also warned us that it is important to consider the reasonableness of trade during agricultural trade, and thus the evaluation of agricultural products trade is necessary. The system of agricultural products trade is calculated using the unascertained measure model, and the evaluation result of China-India trade in agricultural products in 2012 is encouraging.
    keywords: china; index; information; products; trade;  
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        item: #5634 of 7527
          id: cet-3978
      author: None
       title: cet-3978
        date: 2016-07-19
       words: 2064
      flesch: 53
     summary: Here TCP module is constructed and its performance is simulated under different delay using OPNET. 2. TCP module in OPNET OPNET simulator is used for performance analysis of TCP.
    keywords: control; data; delay; module; network; simulation; tcp
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        item: #5635 of 7527
          id: cet-3979
      author: None
       title: cet-3979
        date: 2016-07-19
       words: 2287
      flesch: 44
     summary: And ZigBee terminal nodes can be in the asleep or awaken state, so they are used to supply the electricity. 686 3.2 Design plan of the monitoring system This wireless industrial monitoring system was built based on ZigBee network in line with the requirement of the industrial spot for the monitoring system.
    keywords: figure; monitoring; network; nodes; router; system; terminal; zigbee
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        item: #5636 of 7527
          id: cet-398
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 18patella.docx
        date: 2017-09-12
       words: 3516
      flesch: 48
     summary: Accordingly, nanocrystalline materials with high surface area is imperative for application with high photocatalytic activity under visible light irradiation. The achieved degradation percentage of methylene blue are very promising showing that under visible light irradiation it is possible to obtain a maximum dye removal percentage ~ 50 % higher than that obtained with the Degussa P25.
    keywords: irradiation; light; photocatalytic; surface; tio2
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        item: #5637 of 7527
          id: cet-3980
      author: None
       title: cet-3980
        date: 2016-07-19
       words: 4200
      flesch: 54
     summary: In this paper we propose a new approach to analyze the behavior of Android applications and distinguish between applications which have the same name and version but behave differently. In this paper, a data mining approach through dynamic analysis of application behavior for detecting malware in the Android platform is proposed.
    keywords: analysis; android; application; behavior; detection; kernel; malware; system
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        item: #5638 of 7527
          id: cet-3981
      author: None
       title: cet-3981
        date: 2016-07-19
       words: 2885
      flesch: 45
     summary: 3.2 Coaxial distribution of optical fiber In the optical fiber’s probe designing, people often adopt the distribution structure that output optical fibers are coaxial with the reflective surface. The position relations between the end surface EF of the reflected light cone and the receiving optical fiber are as shown in figure 5 below.
    keywords: distribution; fiber; figure; intensity; light;  
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        item: #5639 of 7527
          id: cet-3982
      author: None
       title: cet-3982
        date: 2016-07-19
       words: 3415
      flesch: 44
     summary: Fundamental theories of regression analysis Mathematic regression analysis is a commonly-used method of statistical analysis. Copyright © 2016, AIDIC Servizi S.r.l., ISBN 978-88-95608-43-3; ISSN 2283-9216 Application of the Method of Mathematical Regression to Financial Status Analysis Qiyan Tian Xi'an International University, Xi'an City, Shaanxi Province, Yanta District fish bucket Road No. 18, China 920517840@qq.com As a commonly-used method of mathematical and statistical analysis, regression analysis is based on existing observation data to establish reasonable dependent relations between two or more variables.
    keywords: analysis; assets; company; indicators; regression; turnover
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        item: #5640 of 7527
          id: cet-3983
      author: None
       title: cet-3983
        date: 2016-07-19
       words: 3483
      flesch: 26
     summary: This paper puts forward a design method of ultra-high temperature borehole inclinometer based on fiber- optical gyroscope, and this borehole clinometer can be used for measuring the borehole trajectory and its bending value in ultra-high temperature, and the maximum outer temperature is not more than 270℃, and it also can control the internal temperature below 125℃ with the help of the metal vacuum flask. 4. Conclusions This paper puts forward a design method of ultra-high temperature borehole inclinometer based on fiber- optical gyroscope, and its measurement method is based on strapdown inertial navigation system.
    keywords: axis; borehole; drilling; fiber; flask; heat; inclinometer; q q; temperature; vacuum
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        item: #5641 of 7527
          id: cet-3984
      author: None
       title: cet-3984
        date: 2016-07-19
       words: 3201
      flesch: 51
     summary: According to the fuzziness of safety culture evaluation indicators, we confirm the weight by using combination weighting approach which based on the spearman rank correlation coefficients, and propose the fuzzy TOPSIS evaluation method by introducing triangular fuzzy number. It can be seen from table 1, the accident causation chain consists of two separated levels, namely, organizational and individual behavior, and two stages as guiding behavior and operating behavior at organizational level, and two stages as habitual behavior and act at individual level, which respectively covers from root, radical, DOI: 10.3303/CET1651120 Please cite this article as: Ma Y., 2016, Safety culture construction evaluation based on combination weighting and fuzzy topsis methods, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 51, 715-720 DOI:10.3303/CET1651120 715 indirect to direct reasons of an accident.
    keywords: culture; evaluation; g g; g vg; level; method; safety; weighting
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        item: #5642 of 7527
          id: cet-3985
      author: None
       title: cet-3985
        date: 2016-07-19
       words: 3744
      flesch: 57
     summary: It aims to analyze population distribution in different periods by comparing the thermodynamic diagram which has characteristics of describing the population distribution, population density and the changing trend in real time. It takes Shanghai Bund Stampede Accident on 2015 New Year's Eve as an example; it aims to analyze population distribution in different periods by comparing the thermodynamic diagram which has characteristics of descripting population distribution, population density and the changing trend in real time.
    keywords: accident; area; density; figure; meter; persons; population; population density; square
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        item: #5643 of 7527
          id: cet-3986
      author: None
       title: cet-3986
        date: 2016-07-19
       words: 3701
      flesch: 48
     summary: First of the analysis, testing for subsets of gas stations in order to implement classified management which has proven to be a good management practice in actual operation. This paper applies cluster analysis (CA) toincrease the discriminatory power of DEAand improve the classification of gas stations.
    keywords: analysis; dea; efficiency; gas; model; profitability; results; stations; types
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        item: #5644 of 7527
          id: cet-3987
      author: None
       title: cet-3987
        date: 2016-07-19
       words: 3492
      flesch: 44
     summary: There are many factors that affect the quality of reservoir water, one of the direct factor is water level of reservoirs. Water level and in / out flow of the reservoirs select the actual data of the year (Table 2).
    keywords: diffusion; flow; level; model; pollutants; quality; reservoir; total; water; water level
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        item: #5645 of 7527
          id: cet-3988
      author: None
       title: cet-3988
        date: 2016-07-19
       words: 2783
      flesch: 35
     summary: The maximum membership degree principle is used to determine the fault causes of computer software When there are 4 symptoms of computer software fault, that is, software can't be installed x1, software icons can't be displayed properly x3, after turning on the software, it would automatically shut down x4, during the operation of software, it would suddenly shut down x5, use number 1 to express that there appear computer software fault symptoms, use number 0 to express that computer software fault symptoms don’t appear. The fault diagnosis of computer software is to establish an appropriate model (Cui, 2014) using the study of the data relationship between computer software fault and the symptoms, and then according to its model to diagnose the fault.
    keywords: computer; computer software; fault; software;  ;  
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        item: #5646 of 7527
          id: cet-3989
      author: None
       title: cet-3989
        date: 2016-07-19
       words: 2943
      flesch: 47
     summary: A total cost model is constituted on the factors of transshipment cost and shortage cost. considering the change of demand and lead time, formulated a transshipment model with the assumption of full-sharing transshipment, lateral transshipment instant arrival, and transshipment cost relevant with transshipment frequency.
    keywords: cost; location; sharing; shortage; supply; time; transshipment
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        item: #5647 of 7527
          id: cet-399
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 18patella.docx
        date: 2017-09-12
       words: 2940
      flesch: 49
     summary: Sediment management strategies may involve non removal options as monitored natural recovery (De Gisi et al., 2017), in-situ capping, and removal options, such as dredging with containment, and dredging with sediment treatment (Lofrano et al., 2017). According to results, nZVI was more suitable to be used for specific elements removal rather than to be applied for a generalised contamination, meaning that a mix of techniques can be suggested for whole sediment remediation.
    keywords: dosage; low; metals; nzvi; remediation; sediment
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        item: #5648 of 7527
          id: cet-3990
      author: None
       title: cet-3990
        date: 2016-07-19
       words: 2570
      flesch: 47
     summary: How to strengthen the security management, how to make a wireless network to strike a balance between security and performance, which requires us to design the most appropriate and successful deployment of wireless network security solutions (Gao and Pandurang, 2015). However, wireless network security problems in the process of rapid application brought in more and more people's attention.
    keywords: key; network; security; wep; wireless;  ;  ;  ;  ;  
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        item: #5649 of 7527
          id: cet-3991
      author: None
       title: cet-3991
        date: 2016-07-19
       words: 2880
      flesch: 30
     summary: 2. Smart home system home gateway (ICDT) 2.1 ICDT control system block diagram Intelligent network control data terminal (ICDT) act as special role, its contact within the family all the smart home installations (Long, 2012), smart home network system is the hub to connect an external network, CDT is the core unit of work is clearly the smart home system, often referred to as home gateway , as shown in Figure 1. Community management center server Cell local area network Cell local area network Door module Emergency button Electric meter module Heat meter module Infrared probe module Smoke alarm module Door module Water meter module Gas meter module Light module Household Electric Appliances Lighting system module ICDT RTU extend PC T0 INTERNET High speed PLC Cable Figure 1: ICDT control system block diagram As a home gateway, ICDT have good adaptability to provide for the smart home system friendly interface, user-friendly operation. Intelligent home control in one of the intelligent digital cell for application of intelligent home systems and power line communication technology has opened up new areas.
    keywords: communication; control; home; line; management; module; network; power; power line; system; technology
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        item: #5650 of 7527
          id: cet-3992
      author: None
       title: cet-3992
        date: 2016-07-19
       words: 3471
      flesch: 42
     summary: The study object of this article is enterprise online product recommendation service model of e-commerce based on big-data. At the same time, it constructs an enterprise online DOI: 10.3303/CET1651128 Please cite this article as: Liu W.W., 2016, Enterprise online product recommendation service model based on big data environment, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 51, 763-768 DOI:10.3303/CET1651128 763 product recommendation service model and proposes a model for e-commerce based on achievements of scholars both abroad and at home and conclusion by questionnaire survey.
    keywords: algorithm; data; filtering; information; model; product; recommendation; similarity; user
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        item: #5651 of 7527
          id: cet-3993
      author: None
       title: cet-3993
        date: 2016-07-19
       words: 2712
      flesch: 41
     summary: (4) Calculating the error rate (1) Collecting the agricultural economy data (2) Estimating parameters of the proposed monitoring model (3) Obtaining the agricultural economy prediction results Crops analyzing Crops for rotation analyzing Time sequence analyzing Space analyzing Region estimating Data analyzing module Comprehensive benefit evaluation Influencing factors analysis Correlation analysis Efficiency evaluation Output forecasting Decision supporting module Learning platform Dynamically monitoring agricultural economy Dynamically monitoring agricultural economy system 770 0 1t t t y x     (1) where symbol yt means the value of the response or dependent variable from the tth pair, parameters β0,β1 denote two weights respectively. Copyright © 2016, AIDIC Servizi S.r.l., ISBN 978-88-95608-43-3; ISSN 2283-9216 Dynamically Monitoring Agricultural Economy based on Decision Support Technology Mingqi Sun*, Dezhi Pang Harbin University of Science and Technology Rongcheng Campus, Shandong Rongcheng, 264300, China 124505282@qq.com In this paper, we focus on the problem of dynamically monitoring agricultural economy, which is a key problem in economic development of the national economy.
    keywords: data; decision; economy; model; monitoring; support; system
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        item: #5652 of 7527
          id: cet-3994
      author: None
       title: cet-3994
        date: 2016-07-19
       words: 2851
      flesch: 35
     summary: Network reliability optimization of network design is a classic problem. h h h h R i   (8) 3.3 Application of genetic algorithms in computer communications network reliability optimization
    keywords: algorithm; communication; computer; network; optimization; problem; reliability
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        item: #5653 of 7527
          id: cet-3995
      author: None
       title: cet-3995
        date: 2016-07-19
       words: 2635
      flesch: 36
     summary: Intelligent home control system achieved management control of home devices, all home devices constituting a network system and intelligent gateway via ZigBee network. Intelligent home control system is to achieve management control of home devices, all home devices constituting a network system and intelligent gateway via ZigBee network, embedded systems and wireless communication technology, proposed the use of ARM processor-based controllers, embedded Linux operating system, GSM technology for remote wireless communication technology, ZigBee wireless sensor technology for the intelligent home design short-range communication technology.
    keywords: communication; control; gateway; gsm; home; interface; message; module; network; system; technology
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        item: #5654 of 7527
          id: cet-3997
      author: None
       title: cet-3997
        date: 2016-07-19
       words: 2885
      flesch: 42
     summary: Computer network optimization network design is a systematic project, to be considered at the meet business performance requirements, and to ensure the reliability of the premise, as far as possible to control costs; or in the provision of certain preconditions, a computer network can not only meet business requirements and to ensure the stability to maximize. In this paper, the key technologies of computer network radiation information attack and defense had a full and detailed study to solve the computer virus information radiation attack and defense mechanism, radiation injection computer virus information, security, wired recognition technology computer virus information, computer network antivirus radiation attack key technical protection radius, according to research, computer network virus attack and defense radiation information mechanistic detailed theoretical analysis, it helps to understand the information against the principle behind the smooth start of the program designed to lay a solid foundation.
    keywords: attack; computer; information; n n; network; radiation; reliability; virus
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        item: #5655 of 7527
          id: cet-3998
      author: None
       title: cet-3998
        date: 2016-07-19
       words: 2863
      flesch: 65
     summary: Figure 2: The crawling Process Traditional focused crawler is targeting web pages that are relevant to some specific topics. Set the parameter values asα=0.6, β=0.8, γ=0, δ=0.5, μ=3.Under the certain number of crawled pages, the more the number of the relevant pages, the higher the validity.
    keywords: algorithm; class; pages; search; set; shark; topic; tunnel; web
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        item: #5656 of 7527
          id: cet-3999
      author: None
       title: cet-3999
        date: 2016-07-19
       words: 3565
      flesch: 49
     summary: On day 22, they were assigned to two groups: Group I, including broilers reared in indoor floor system in the poultry house at a stocking density of 10 chickens/m2, and Group II, comprising free range broilers that were provided with a grass range of 4m2/chicken, besides the identical usable area in the poultry house. The lowest and highest manganese concentrations were found 0.1296 μg/kg in breast muscle and 0.2398 μg/kg in leg muscle from the products of free range broilers.
    keywords: breast; broilers; chicken; content; floor; leg; meat; muscle; range; systems; trace
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        item: #5657 of 7527
          id: cet-400
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 18patella.docx
        date: 2017-09-12
       words: 3110
      flesch: 55
     summary: Experimental Section 2.1 Preparation of G-FeCo nanoparticles The Co, Fe catalyst (50 wt.% of each metal) was prepared by wet impregnation of gibbsite (γ-Al(OH)3) powder (Sarno et al., 2012; Giubileo et al., 2012; Sarno et al., 2014) with cobalt acetate and iron acetate solutions followed by drying at 80°C for 3 h. CCVD was performed in a continuous flow microreactor fed by a methane–hydrogen gas mixture. Zhang S.X., Niu H.Y., Cai Y.Q., Shi Y.L., 2010, Barium alginate caged Fe3O4@C18 magnetic nanoparticles for the pre-concentration of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and phthalate esters from environmental water samples, Anal.
    keywords: carbon; extraction; feco; figure; nanoparticles; nps; pahs; sarno
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        item: #5658 of 7527
          id: cet-4000
      author: None
       title: cet-4000
        date: 2016-07-19
       words: 2800
      flesch: 44
     summary: A Case Study Nan Xiao Business School,Hohai University,Nanjing,China 57081@qq.com Based on the systematic analysis of relevant researches in China and beyond, this paper built the system of Jiangsu province ecological competitiveness evaluation indices. Table 1: Establishment of Jiangsu province ecological competitiveness evaluation indices system and its weight Target layer System layer Weight Index layer Unit Weight Ecologi cal competi tivenes s evaluati on Economic growth 0.091
    keywords: b b; competitiveness; evaluation; set
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        item: #5659 of 7527
          id: cet-4001
      author: None
       title: cet-4001
        date: 2016-07-19
       words: 3197
      flesch: 42
     summary: Given to these four categories, this paper makes an evaluation index system of urban ecosystem sustainable development, as shown in Table 1. 3.2 Building evaluation models based on information entropy According to the theory of entropy, if a random variable X={x1, x2,…, xn}(n≥2) and is used to describe the characteristics of a certain system; the corresponding probability of each value of X is P={P1, P2,…, Pn} (0≤pi≤1; i =1, 2, ……n), and ∑=1, then the information entropy of the system can be formulated as given by Eq. This showed that the environmental pollution in Nanjing had been effectively controlled, Nanjing urban ecosystem was improved.
    keywords: development; ecosystem; entropy; evaluation; nanjing; type; urban
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        item: #5660 of 7527
          id: cet-4002
      author: None
       title: cet-4002
        date: 2016-07-19
       words: 2780
      flesch: 32
     summary: DOI: 10.3303/CET1651138 Please cite this article as: Chen L.S., Ding C.Q., Wu F., 2016, Auxiliary decision-making of enterprise green innovation under the background of environmental regulation, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 51, 823-828 DOI:10.3303/CET1651138 823 After years of development, the balanced scorecard is now an important tool of enterprise performance evaluation and it has also been used in enterprise environmental performance evaluation, but there are few literatures about the balanced scorecard applied in the auxiliary decision-making of green innovation project. Table 5: Weight of index of environmental performance evaluation for clean production project Index Weight Score (s) B1 C1 C2 C3 C4 M1 M2 U111 0.0821 90 85 85 90 90 100 100 U112 0.0575 90 U121 0.0710 70 80 U122 0.0317 70 70 U211 0.0316 70 100 70 U212 0.0286 0 U213 0.0205 80 85 80 U214 0.0244 80 85 80 U221 0.0600 70 70 U222 0.0709 70 70 U311 0.0362 90 90 90 U312 0.0160 90 86 90 U313 0.0321 U321 0.0382 85 70 U322 0.0327 85 70 U323 0.0333 70 U331 0.0255 70 U332 0.0212 70 U333 0.0159 70 U334 0.0244 U341 0.0408 U342 0.0245 90 U411 0.0093 90 90 90 95 U412 0.0203 90 85 U413 0.0396 95 U414 0.0898 90 90 U421 0.0048 90 U422 0.0111 90 U423 0.0058 90 90 90 90 W*S 31.2783 13.0312 46.3100 12.0018 13.4415 12.8544 45.1263 Priority 3 5 1 7 4 6 2 827 5.4 analysis and discussion Adding new facilities in C3 scheme (add small oil free air compressor) can reduce energy consumption by changing the situation in the evening when only a few devices such as the lyophilizer requiring air compressor.
    keywords: enterprise; evaluation; green; index; innovation; performance; perspective; process; production; system
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        item: #5661 of 7527
          id: cet-4003
      author: None
       title: cet-4003
        date: 2016-07-19
       words: 3733
      flesch: 58
     summary: Many research and literature in the area of human resource management focuses on the positive impact of human resource management practices. It is widely accepted that human resource management is very important in a company.
    keywords: u u; u v; v v;  
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        item: #5662 of 7527
          id: cet-4004
      author: None
       title: cet-4004
        date: 2016-07-19
       words: 2897
      flesch: 50
     summary: Besides manual and mechanical virtuous interaction not only provided good production efficiency, but also saved construction costs. Furthermore, steel bar construction was a concrete skeleton or embedded parts, and it was also hidden works.
    keywords: construction; coordination; cost; line; measures; metro; section
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        item: #5663 of 7527
          id: cet-4005
      author: None
       title: cet-4005
        date: 2016-07-19
       words: 3279
      flesch: 2
     summary: The judgment and idea for energy saving buildings and green buildings 3.1 Judgment basis According to the standard requirements of Technical Specification for Energy Conservation and Reconstruction of Public Buildings, the need for energy saving reconstruction and the contents are determined in combination with the introduction to the practical situation of this project as well as the judgment principle and method of energy saving and reconstruction of public buildings. First of all, both the construction of energy-efficient buildings and green buildings are analyzed on the existing buildings to put forward reconstruction strategies for energy conservation and green building.
    keywords: analysis; building; effect; energy; energy saving; green; reconstruction; saving; structure; test; water
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        item: #5664 of 7527
          id: cet-4006
      author: None
       title: cet-4006
        date: 2016-07-19
       words: 4082
      flesch: 44
     summary: Green energy strategy is prior to the traditional political strategy as the core of the social responsibility of the Enterprise strategy and enterprise strategy for the two wings of the green and environment model. 01 significant level, the business combination has a significant mediating effect. 850 Table 1: Effect of the legitimacy of green energy strategy business performance the moderating role of regression analysis (standardized)
    keywords: analysis; energy; energy strategy; enterprise; innovation; legitimacy; performance; political; strategy; system
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        item: #5665 of 7527
          id: cet-4007
      author: None
       title: cet-4007
        date: 2016-07-19
       words: 3248
      flesch: 32
     summary: Copyright © 2016, AIDIC Servizi S.r.l., ISBN 978-88-95608-43-3; ISSN 2283-9216 The Sustainable Space Development Model Based on Smart Urban Jing Wang*, Xiaopeng Li Architecture engineering department, Huanghuai University wangjing8899@163.com The paper, from four levels--monitoring, collection, interconnection and sharing of city data; grooming and comprehensive analysis of operation problems in city systems; simulation and decision-making evaluation of city space development; planning system of city space development--tries to construct the overall framework for sustainable urban space development model based on smart cities, which is of great significance to enriching theoretical framework of city sustainable development and guiding the spatial planning and construction practice of smart cities. DOI: 10.3303/CET1651143 Please cite this article as: Wang J., Li X.P., 2016, The sustainable space development model based on smart urban, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 51, 853-858 DOI:10.3303/CET1651143 853 2.1 Objective of model building The sustainable development model of city space based on smart city proposed in the paper fully absorbs and integrates the concepts of traditional city sustainable development model, city space development model and city simulation model, centers on the integration and analysis of city operational data and is oriented by solving city problems; on the basis of reflecting city form and the land spatial expansion rules with the nature of structural change, the paper achieves the dynamic simulation and collaboration configuration of various elements and resources’ operation - industry, transport, community, culture and ecology through the dynamic monitoring, analysis, integration and use of city elements’ operational data (Ferdinand and Danlin, 2011).
    keywords: city; construction; data; development; model; simulation; space; urban
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        item: #5666 of 7527
          id: cet-4008
      author: None
       title: cet-4008
        date: 2016-07-19
       words: 3201
      flesch: 66
     summary: Zhang T., Zhao D.F., Zhou L., Wang X.F., Xia D.Z., 2001, Short term load forecasting method based on RBF neural network and expert system[J]. Zhao J.J., Zhang B.H., 2003, Short term load forecasting method based on radial basis function[J].
    keywords: forecasting; load; method; model; prediction
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        item: #5667 of 7527
          id: cet-4009
      author: None
       title: cet-4009
        date: 2016-07-19
       words: 2811
      flesch: 28
     summary: 2. Indicators selection After entering into 21st century, China joined into WTO organization, its economy gradually fused into world economy entity, China’s agricultural products and others due to family decentralized operation, it caused low competitiveness, low productivity as well as other drawbacks increasing, in the background of one place market economy gradually fusing into rural small-peasant economy, peasants started to establish various of producers’ cooperatives (Chen and Wu, 2009), from which it mainly includes: economic complex, professional association, professional cooperatives, community cooperatives and so on, then, with economic development (Zheng, 2015), China established new pattern rural cooperatives, but from which some aspects were urgently to be improved, main aspects were as following (Zhang et al., 2015): (1) Government roles in new rural cooperatives development were relative fuzzy; (2) New rural cooperatives continuously development weakness; (3) New rural cooperatives lacked of normalized internal running mechanism; (4) New rural cooperatives professional extent was not good enough; DOI: 10.3303/CET1651145 Please cite this article as: Wang H., Yin X.H., 2016, Based on hierarchy analysis model of the new rural cooperative system development related research, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 51, 865-870 DOI:10.3303/CET1651145 865 (5) New rural cooperatives scales were small, proportions were little; (6) New rural cooperatives cover area was small, cooperation extent was single To solve above problems, the paper studies system development problems of them, selects correlation indicators from “New rural cooperatives” and other articles, analyzes obtained data by questionnaire survey, mathematical statistics and other methods (Chen, 2013), finally it gets each indicator table as following Table 1: New pattern rural cooperatives system development problem involves multiple reference indicators; the decision problem is suitable to analytic hierarchy process.
    keywords: city; cooperatives; development; judgment; matrix; pattern; problem; system; table
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        item: #5668 of 7527
          id: cet-401
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 18patella.docx
        date: 2017-09-12
       words: 2832
      flesch: 42
     summary: In this paper, we report on the chemical reactivity of reduced graphene oxide decorated with silver nanoparticles (rGO_Ag) in degrading halogenated pesticides, taking chlordane as case study. 2.2 Synthesis of rGO_Ag We synthesized reduced graphene oxide (rGO) starting from GO obtained by a modified Hummers method (Chen et al. 2009).
    keywords: chlordane; graphene; nanoparticles; oxide; rgo_ag; silver; water
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        item: #5669 of 7527
          id: cet-4010
      author: None
       title: cet-4010
        date: 2016-07-19
       words: 3490
      flesch: 31
     summary: Integration of information and industrialization shows the process that enterprise or industry introduces, assimilates and re-innovates information technology in the form of information production, management equipment, production and management software and diffuses it to production, design, sale and management. Performance analysis of production information In the estimated result of GMM model, three cross terms kit, lit and tit are all obviously positive, it indicates information and capital stock, labour and industrial technology has positive influence relation and information technology enhances industrial production performance through interaction of various production factors.
    keywords: industry; information; investment; performance; production; technology
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        item: #5670 of 7527
          id: cet-4011
      author: None
       title: cet-4011
        date: 2016-07-19
       words: 3225
      flesch: 64
     summary: A network model is presented to describe the distribution of SAR teams and a simple algorithm is developed to solve the model. SAR teams can learn each other’s position and path selection information, however they had to cruise to search DOI: 10.3303/CET1651147 Please cite this article as: Liu Q.Q., Wang Q., 2016, A team distribution model of post-disaster search and rescue considering information accuracy difference, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 51, 877-882 DOI:10.3303/CET1651147 877 mailto:lqqbohe2015@foxmail.com and find more survivors.
    keywords: grid; rescue; sar; survivors; teams; time
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        item: #5671 of 7527
          id: cet-4012
      author: None
       title: cet-4012
        date: 2016-07-19
       words: 2833
      flesch: 33
     summary: The adaptability of enterprise culture The purpose of enterprise culture Team wizard Customer wizard Process optimization Innovation iwizard Financial level: return on investment Customer level: Customer satisfaction Internal processes: production rate Learning level: staff skills Figure 4: Organizational culture mechanism between HRM practices and organizational performance Based on the perspective 4.3 Transition from Mandatory Management to Human-based Management The power of politics should be avoid in enterprise management, we should implement people-oriented theory to transit from mandatory management to human-based management. As enterprises keep growing, some of their organizational structure can’t meet needs of current DOI: 10.3303/CET1651148 Please cite this article as: Zheng C., 2016, Research on performance improvement of enterprise management efficiency based on organizational behavior, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 51, 883-888 DOI:10.3303/CET1651148 883 competition and development.
    keywords: culture; development; employees; enterprise; human; management; performance; problems; system
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        item: #5672 of 7527
          id: cet-4013
      author: None
       title: cet-4013
        date: 2016-07-19
       words: 3032
      flesch: 7
     summary: hydraulic system D hydraulic station, hydraulic valve and ect tool holder M tool holder, cutter head and ect CNC system CNC cnc system, display, control panel and ect electrical system V power supply, wire, cable, electronic components and ect feed system F X/Z axis servo motor, travel switch, silk pole, silk pole encoder and ect lubrication system L Lubrication Oil Pipeline, oil pump, valve body and ect cooling system W cooling pump, air-conditioning and ect protection system Q Hood, protective door and ect collecting and transferring system K Cuttings Removal pipeline, spiral thruster and ect The hierarchy analysis diagram of nc machine tool reliability evaluation system is shown in figure 1. 3. In this paper, the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation model of heavy nc machine tool reliability is established using fuzzy theory(Cai et al., 2015).
    keywords: evaluation; heavy; machine; tool;  ;  ;  
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        item: #5673 of 7527
          id: cet-4014
      author: None
       title: cet-4014
        date: 2016-07-19
       words: 3160
      flesch: 10
     summary: This article takes organizational citizenship behavior as the relationship variables to analyze the relationship between human resource management and organizational citizenship behavior, organizational citizenship behavior and organizational performance, and then to deduce the impact of human resources management on organizational effectiveness, and puts forward the method and suggestion to improve the human resource management, improves the core competitiveness of the organization from the angle of the internal management of enterprises, perfects the practice of human resource management practices and helps the employees make flexible, high quality response in perception management, the importance of procedural justice, improving the performance of the whole organization and other aspects to solve the problem, ultimately promotes the achievements of its goals. Conclusion This article takes organizational citizenship behavior as the relationship variables to analyze the relationship between human resource management and organizational citizenship behavior, organizational citizenship 899 behavior and organizational performance, and then to deduce the impact of human resources management on organizational effectiveness, and puts forward the method and suggestion to improve the human resource management, improves the core competitiveness of the organization from the angle of the internal management of enterprises, perfects the practice of human resource management practices and helps the employees make flexible, high quality response in perception management, the importance of procedural justice, improving the performance of the whole organization and other aspects to solve the problem, ultimately promotes the achievements of its goals.
    keywords: behavior; citizenship; employees; enterprise; management; organization; resource management
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        item: #5674 of 7527
          id: cet-4015
      author: None
       title: cet-4015
        date: 2016-07-19
       words: 3459
      flesch: 46
     summary: So far, paralleled with systematic construction of Chinese market and development of the reform in SOEs, institutional factors affecting enterprise efficiency have improved gradually. The economic crisis in 2008 has provided some good opportunities for the expansion of state owned enterprises.
    keywords: china; efficiency; enterprises; industry; manufacturing; model; scale; soes; state
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        item: #5675 of 7527
          id: cet-4016
      author: None
       title: cet-4016
        date: 2016-07-19
       words: 3340
      flesch: 60
     summary: An Improved Gasoline Blending System for Texaco, Interfaces, 1, 85-101 Kella O., 1991, Optimal manufacturing of a two product mix, Operations Research, 3, 496-501, DOI: 10.1287/opre.39.3.496 Kondili E., Shah N., Pantelides C., 1993, Production planning for the rational use of energy in multiproduct continuous plants, Computers & Chemical Engineering, 3, 123-128, DOI: 10.1016/0098-1354(93)80217-B Lee H., Pinto M., Grossmann E., Park S., 1996, Mixed-integer linear programming model for refinery short- term scheduling of crude oil unloading with inventory management, Industrial Engineering Chemistry and Research, 35, 1630-1641, DOI: 10.1021/ie950519h Pinto M., Grossmann E., 1994, Optimal cyclic scheduling of multistage continuous multiproduct plants, Computers & Chemical Engineering, 9, 797-816, DOI: 10.1016/0098-1354(93)E0021-Z Sahinidis V., Grossmann E., 1991, MINLP model for cyclic multiproduct scheduling on continuous parallel lines, Computers & Chemical Engineering, 2, 85-103, DOI: 10.1016/0098-1354(91)87008-W Shah N., 1996, Mathematical programming techniques for crude oil scheduling, Computers and Chemical Engineering, 20, 1227-1232, DOI: 10.1016/0098-1354(96)00212-8 912 It is a chemical plant that processes crude oil and produces several valuable products.
    keywords: crude; model; oil; production; products; refinery; scheduling
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        item: #5676 of 7527
          id: cet-4017
      author: None
       title: cet-4017
        date: 2016-07-19
       words: 3446
      flesch: 31
     summary: 2.2.1 Scientific principle It is necessary to absorb fully the knowledge of marketing management, economy and sociology, to learn from current talent ecological environment construction in China, and to refer to corresponding research achievement on talent ecological environment assessment that conforms to an enterprise’s real needs for core DOI: 10.3303/CET1651153 Please cite this article as: Lin L.Q., 2016, Optimization of core talent ecological environment in an enterprise based on job embeddedness, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 51, 913-918 DOI:10.3303/CET1651153 913 development. The analysis results showed that four indices of core talent ecological environment in an enterprise impact on the three dimensions of core talent job embeddedness significantly.
    keywords: community; core; embeddedness; employee; enterprise; environment; job; organization; talent
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        item: #5677 of 7527
          id: cet-4018
      author: None
       title: cet-4018
        date: 2016-07-19
       words: 2707
      flesch: 67
     summary: In this paper, we propose an improved LSSVM algorithm to improve the accuracy of e-commerce sales prediction and use the method to predict the sales. The optimized formula is, 1 1 0, ( ) 0, 0 0, 0, ( ) 0 N k k i N k i k k k T k k k i L x L b L e e L x b e y                         
    keywords: algorithm; commerce; k k; lssvm
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        item: #5678 of 7527
          id: cet-4019
      author: None
       title: cet-4019
        date: 2016-07-19
       words: 4035
      flesch: 57
     summary: Eq. (4), the profits function for the SC each member as follows: 𝜋𝑀 (𝑥1, 𝑤1, 𝑥2, 𝑤2) = (𝑤1 − 𝑐 − 𝜈𝑥1)(𝛼1𝜙 − 𝛽𝑝1 + 𝛾𝑝2 The conclusions show that: from the market share point of view, whether the two manufacturers are competing or cooperation, the greater the market share of the manufacturers, product quality level, market demand and profits of manufacturers and retailer are higher, and they increasing with the increase of the market share.
    keywords: manufacturers; market; price; quality; retailer; supply
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        item: #5679 of 7527
          id: cet-402
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 18patella.docx
        date: 2017-09-12
       words: 3185
      flesch: 52
     summary: Figure 2: (a) Comparison of adsorption model responses for cadmium adsorption on SCG at T=10°;.(b) Pseudo-second order plot for cadmium adsorption (co=20 mg L -1) on SCG at the different studied temperatures: 10°C (○), 25°C (▲) and 40°C (□). Langmuir equation provided the best fit to the data at all the studied temperatures (high R2 value) as shown in Figure 2, in which is reported the data fitting of the run performed at 10°C, identified in our test as the most favorable temperature for cadmium adsorption.
    keywords: adsorption; cadmium; order; pseudo; removal; scg
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        item: #5680 of 7527
          id: cet-4020
      author: None
       title: cet-4020
        date: 2016-07-19
       words: 3651
      flesch: 68
     summary: From proposition 2 we can know that, with the increase of the demand responsiveness to green SC’s green level, the green level increases gradually, which means that consumer are more sensitive to green level, then the higher of product green level. Introduction With the rapid development of the global economy, The change of consumer's demand driven economic development mode, a kind of green supply chain model based on supply chain, considering the resource consumption and environmental impact, came into being.
    keywords: enterprise; green; level; model; supply
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        item: #5681 of 7527
          id: cet-4021
      author: None
       title: cet-4021
        date: 2016-07-19
       words: 3046
      flesch: 47
     summary: Table 2 lists the VAR model 3rd order lag lag fifth-order hypothesis test results, test results in favor of shorter lag order; and the third-order lag lag order 4 hypothesis testing, test results in favor of 3 lags number, so after determining the VAR model of order 3. Table 2: The LR test result of optimal delay degree H0:p=3 H1：=5 H0:p=3 H1：=4 LR Probability LR Probability GDP growth model 10.89 0.281 29.57 0.002 Inflation Model 9.21 0.423 34.92 0.000 Import & Export Type model 13.56 0.346 23.47 0.019 Bayesian vector autoregression VAR (p) prediction model and its application in economic forecasting, including Tony Bayes restriction VAR (p) model predictive inference and non-limiting VAR (p) model prediction Bayesian inference, the structure Mirmesota total reel prior distribution and the prior distribution analysis Bayesian inference under VAR (p) forecasting model, combined with empirical analysis and forecasting of AR model, VAR model and Bayesian VAR model effects were compared, the results showed that: the effect of prediction Bayesian VAR model is better than other types of predictive models. VAR model and Bayesian VAR model effects were compared, the results showed that the effect of prediction Bayesian VAR model is better than other types of predictive models.
    keywords: bayesian; distribution; model; prediction; var;  
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        item: #5682 of 7527
          id: cet-4022
      author: None
       title: cet-4022
        date: 2016-07-19
       words: 2604
      flesch: 47
     summary: With the advent and advancement of the theory of NP-hard, many new intelligent algorithms such as neural networks, genetic algorithms and ant colony algorithm, began to be applied to the network routing optimization being achieved some results, but more or there are some small problems, such as neural networks easy to fall into local minimum, genetic algorithm premature convergence. In this paper the mathematical essence of route optimization will be elaborated, and put forward the basic ant colony algorithm in two state transition rule and pheromone update rule improvements, ant colony algorithm can solve the slow convergence, very easy to fall into local of small value.
    keywords: algorithm; ant; colony; network; optimization; path; routing
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        item: #5683 of 7527
          id: cet-4023
      author: None
       title: cet-4023
        date: 2016-07-19
       words: 3048
      flesch: 36
     summary: DOI: 10.3303/CET1651159 Please cite this article as: Li W., Teng Y., 2016, Enterprise internal control system model based on workflow mining, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 51, 949-954 DOI:10.3303/CET1651159 949 2. 1. Introduction Enterprise internal control system means that the evaluation subject generally evaluates the effectiveness of enterprise internal control system, forms evaluating idea and recognizes internal control defect.
    keywords: business; control; enterprise; mining; model; process; system; technology; workflow
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        item: #5684 of 7527
          id: cet-4024
      author: None
       title: cet-4024
        date: 2016-07-19
       words: 3152
      flesch: 36
     summary: Therefore, the job chain is closely customer demand chain, value chain is a chain of currency manifestation jobs, both in production and operation process is always uniform formation and operation mechanism of the enterprise value chain work under the concept shown in Figure 2 as follows: 956 Client needs Put in Purchase of equipment, raw materials, services Change All operations of an enterprise value activities Output To meet customer demand for products, services Value Chain Figure 2: Value Chain operations formation mechanism perspective Specific objectives to maximize enterprise value of value chain management, we can use this as the basis to build a competitive value chain optimization strategy. Such as financial indicators reflect the poor business conditions, lack of market competitiveness problems, value chain analysis can be made by analysis of each stage of the value chain work activities, identify the crux links.
    keywords: activities; analysis; business; chain; enterprise; job; management; value; value chain
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        item: #5685 of 7527
          id: cet-4025
      author: None
       title: cet-4025
        date: 2016-07-19
       words: 2957
      flesch: 28
     summary: Copyright © 2016, AIDIC Servizi S.r.l., ISBN 978-88-95608-43-3; ISSN 2283-9216 Research on Evaluation System of Community Management Services Based on Decision Tree Analysis Yan Zhu Management Department of Xinxiang University, Xinxiang, Henan, 453000, China cherry19780712@163.com Contents of this paper present situation of community service as the background, provide the necessary guidance on the implementation strategy the key to the build process to achieve a seamless community services and urban grid management and organic combination of community services through the system grid management mode, hoping to achieve the following practical significance. Based on the Analytic Hierarchy Process, according to the actual situation, select the appropriate evaluation method, a multi-level index system, because of space limitations, in this case to the secondary indicator system, for example, is given to solve the corresponding mathematical model: Let an index weight set is U, under which there are n an index, so there 1 3 3 ( , , ) n U u u u u , 1 1 n i i u   (3) Wherein M represents a weight set that weight vector; ui-level representatives of the i-th right index values: 1 11 12 13 1 ( , , ) n W w w u u 2 21 22 23 2 ( , , ) n W w w u u 964 3 31 32 33 3 ( , , ) n W w w u u , 1 1 n nm i w   (4) and …… 1 2 3 ( , , ) n n n n nn W w w u u On the basis of obtained secondary index score Yn on the secondary weights are calculated and then the value of the indicator and level indicators obtained solving score level indicators X: 1 1 2 2 ) n n X Y u Y u Y u      (5) Contents of this paper is to present situation of community service as the background, analysing trends in community services and infrastructure management needs of the future, the grid management model extends to the end node urban structure / street a community, by the community grid service management model systematic research, providing a set of effective management ideas and theoretical framework for community service grid management mode configuration and health, and provide the necessary guidance on the implementation strategy the key to the build process to achieve a seamless community services and urban grid management and organic combination of community services through the system grid management mode, hoping to achieve the following practical significance.
    keywords: community; community service; facilities; grid; grid management; management; node; residents; service; system
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        item: #5686 of 7527
          id: cet-4026
      author: None
       title: cet-4026
        date: 2016-07-19
       words: 4303
      flesch: 67
     summary:  (9) 3.2 Logistics cost analysis of closed loop supply chain management (TotalCm analysis) Integrated logistics system cost can be divided into various aspects of logistics cost like logistics and transportation costs of each link, logistics management costs, and information management costs according to the function of logistics activities. Integrated modelling of closed loop logistics system 2.1 The inventory constraints conditions of closed loop integrated logistics system The relationship among input and output logistics and the corresponding storage capacity is defined by the inventory constraint.
    keywords: cost; logistics; m r
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        item: #5687 of 7527
          id: cet-4027
      author: None
       title: cet-4027
        date: 2016-07-19
       words: 3013
      flesch: 53
     summary: , , , , , , {0,1} k l f v iv klf inv z z y x xz z  , , , , ,i I l L k K f F v V n N       (19) 4. iab represents the relative optimal membership degree vector of relief supplies demand.
    keywords: distribution; point; relief; supplies;  
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        item: #5688 of 7527
          id: cet-4028
      author: None
       title: cet-4028
        date: 2016-07-19
       words: 3253
      flesch: 46
     summary: Other aspects of the line can also be further deepening subway construction safety risk management as a great background. Subway excavation construction safety management factors mainly refer to the manager in accordance with objective laws of deep excavation construction.
    keywords: analysis; bayesian; construction; excavation; fault; management; risk; safety; security; subway; tree
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        item: #5689 of 7527
          id: cet-4029
      author: None
       title: cet-4029
        date: 2016-07-19
       words: 2147
      flesch: 45
     summary: Grade I Lack of water resources, extremely improper underground water exploitation, few water resources per capita, low waste water treatment rate Grade II Moderate storage of water resources, improper underground water exploitation, small investment in water resource facilities, and poor-quality waste water treatment Grade III Relatively abundant water resources, nutrient-rich, proper underground water exploitation, relatively high forest coverage rate, little soil and water loss Grade IV abundant water resources, hypereutrophic, proper underground water exploitation, much investment in water resource facilities, high forest coverage rate On the foundation of SWRDWLB indices and its requirements, four grey classifications could be established (referring to Table 1). 4. Simulation computation of SWRDWLB for the Yellow River Basin Based on the above established model and requirements for water resource evaluation, and in combination with scores from five experts, the paper summarized grey classification scores of SWRDWLB for the Yellow River Basin in Table 4.
    keywords: evaluation; grade; grey; index; resources; swrdwlb; system; water
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        item: #5690 of 7527
          id: cet-403
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 18patella.docx
        date: 2017-09-12
       words: 3044
      flesch: 54
     summary: According to the AFM analysis the size of ZVI NPs changes was in the range of 40-50 nm. The results of this study indicate that the application of GF-ZVI and ZE-ZVI NPs as membrane component is advantageous because it allows to prevent the additional pollution of treated solution caused by unreacted ZVI NPs.
    keywords: figure; nitrate; nps; removal; zvi; zvi nps
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        item: #5691 of 7527
          id: cet-4030
      author: None
       title: cet-4030
        date: 2016-07-19
       words: 4396
      flesch: 54
     summary: The result shows that when the displacement angle, displacement ratio, cycle ratio, stiffness ratio, the ratio of stiffness to weight, shear weight ratio, axial compression ratio meet the requirements of the building code and are in a specific range, the structure is not only safe but also economical and the ratios of the structural design are also easier to implement. Compared with the structural stiffness and ductility, such as displacement ratio, displacement angle, period ratio, stiffness ratio, stiffness ratio, shear Weight ratio, axial compression ratio, etc. Based on the comparison of the calculated results of the example project, the structural stiffness and ductility are compared.
    keywords: compression ratio; displacement; displacement ratio; ratio; shear; stiffness; stiffness ratio; structure; wall
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        item: #5692 of 7527
          id: cet-4031
      author: None
       title: cet-4031
        date: 2016-07-19
       words: 3350
      flesch: 44
     summary: Industrial low-carbon evaluation system At present, many parts of China have carried out calculations of carbon emissions inventory, keep statistics of industrial carbon emissions. i=1, 2, 3 (1) where i represents the primary, secondary and tertiary industries, qi represents industrial output, Ci represents corresponding industrial carbon emissions and r is weight coefficient.
    keywords: carbon; carbon level; china; chinese; development; emissions; et al; evaluation; industrial; industry; level
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        item: #5693 of 7527
          id: cet-4032
      author: None
       title: cet-4032
        date: 2016-07-19
       words: 3070
      flesch: 60
     summary: A 5 E 9 I 13 M 2 B 6 F 10 J 14 N 3 C 7 G 11 K 15 O 4 D 8 H 12 L 16 P Si is the safety coefficient of various shelter points; s is the minimum safety coefficient; then Si>=s. Assumed s=2.5, the safety condition of various shelter points after the expert evaluation was showed in Table 2.
    keywords: arcgis; engineering; index; path; point; risk; shelter; system; table
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        item: #5694 of 7527
          id: cet-4033
      author: None
       title: cet-4033
        date: 2016-07-19
       words: 2757
      flesch: 51
     summary: 2. Calculation of short-term deflection of external of external pre-stressed concrete beam In the process of pre-stressing, we can use the equivalent load to analyze the strengthening effect of external pre-stressed concrete members. We can use the method of short-term rigidity of bias component to calculate the short-term rigidity of external pre-stressed concrete beam.
    keywords: beam; concrete; external; pre; rigidity; steels; stress
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        item: #5695 of 7527
          id: cet-4034
      author: None
       title: cet-4034
        date: 2016-07-19
       words: 4069
      flesch: 47
     summary: In this experimental study of continuous collapse of reinforced concrete frame structure, the authors design a 2*2 layer of reinforced concrete frame model and simulate the continuous collapse process of frame structure with the pseudo static test method, and hybrid control force and displacement loading method. While the Angle collapsed failure process and plastic hinge form development are observed, the date on resistance, reinforcement and concrete strain is collected and the characteristics of resistance to the continuous collapse of reinforced concrete frame structure is analyzed.
    keywords: beam; collapse; column; concrete; corner; displacement; failure; frame; process; resistance
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        item: #5696 of 7527
          id: cet-4035
      author: None
       title: cet-4035
        date: 2016-07-19
       words: 2808
      flesch: 38
     summary: With system integration for security monitoring and inspection, the system could monitor UI sources, interface development, gas chromism, and abnormity warning and forewarning, and could transform data from industrial ring net and from informatization database into graphic data. In general, there are some problems in various systems of mine inspection and monitoring as well as in construction of the system of production automation.
    keywords: alarm; babao; coal; comprehensive; data; integrated; integration; management; monitoring; system
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        item: #5697 of 7527
          id: cet-4036
      author: None
       title: cet-4036
        date: 2016-07-19
       words: 3218
      flesch: 60
     summary: By analysis and studying the hydrogeology of the study field, while getting the maximal Lyapunov exponent 0.1844  >0 by wolf algorithm, we know mine discharge has Chaos characteristics and can find out the hidden evolution rule of mine discharge time series by Phase Space Reconstruction, and as SimpleMKL input and output parameters, so as to transform the nonlinear problem into linear solution in multi- kernels mapping space. The Phase Space Reconstruction based on chaotic dynamic system are similar to machine learing, the article attempt to approach a method of prediction mine discharge based on Phase Space Reconstruction and simpleMKL, so SimpleMKL theoretical research can be applied to practical work, thus, serveing for the safety production of mines better.
    keywords: discharge; kernel; phase; reconstruction; space; time
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        item: #5698 of 7527
          id: cet-4037
      author: None
       title: cet-4037
        date: 2016-07-19
       words: 3252
      flesch: 40
     summary: For rheological deformation, first, reverse analysis by laboratory rheological test or field test data to obtain the relative calculating parameter, then according to layerwise summation method, rheological settlement of embankment is: 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 exp n i R i i E S t But expressway in mountainous area can still have DOI: 10.3303/CET1651173 Please cite this article as: Yang P., 2016, Study on rheological properties of mountains area coarse-- grained soil embankment and settlement prediction method, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 51, 1033-1038 DOI:10.3303/CET1651173 1033 noticeable post-construction settlement because of high filling embankment, it is caused by squeezing among particles and the slow development of rheological deformation which usually takes dozens of years to reach stability.
    keywords: coarse; confining; deformation; embankment; engineering; properties; settlement; soil; strain; stress
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        item: #5699 of 7527
          id: cet-4038
      author: None
       title: cet-4038
        date: 2016-07-19
       words: 3984
      flesch: 58
     summary: Chemical components are seen in Table 1. DOI: 10.3303/CET1651174 Please cite this article as: Zhang J.W., He W.D., Ni W., Hu W., Chen J., 2016, Research on the fluidity and hydration mechanism of mine backfilling material prepared in steel slag gel system, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 51, 1039-1044 DOI:10.3303/CET1651174 1039 mailto:hewd@ustb.edu.cn Slag: S75 Slag Steel by Slag Development Company of Ansteel Group with the specific surface area reaching 480m2/kg. Introduction As the main waste residue in metallurgical industry, steel slag has always been the focus of solid waste recycling research.
    keywords: ash; coal; filling; fluidity; material; slag; slurry; steel; tailings
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        item: #5700 of 7527
          id: cet-4039
      author: None
       title: cet-4039
        date: 2016-07-19
       words: 3119
      flesch: 37
     summary: Table 2: Permeability comparison of coal samples before and after treatment activator autogenous nitrogen No. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 original coal samples (mD) 0.253 0.285 0.177 0.293 0.257 0.419 0.079 0.428 0.162 0.231 coal samples after treatment (mD) 0.286 0.315 0.259 0.480 0.416 0.770 0.111 0.819 0.230 0.360 Increase amplitude(%) 12.85 10.46 46.69 63.87 61.91 83.72 40.10 91.38 41.42 55.85 4. Mechanism of enhancing coal reservoir permeability by autogenous nitrogen fracturing liquid The mechanism of enhancing coal reservoir permeability by autogenous nitrogen fracturing fluid is similar to the theory of micro-fissure hydrocarbon expulsion (HOEK E. et.al, 1998). As many existing measures to enhance coal reservoir permeability are characterized by lack of adaptability, deficiency in maintaining the permeability enhancement effects for a long period of time and unsatisfactory extraction effects, new theories and technologies for enhancing coal reservoir permeability are needed urgently
    keywords: agent; coal; fluid; fracturing; gas; nitrogen; permeability; reaction; reservoir
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        item: #5701 of 7527
          id: cet-404
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 18patella.docx
        date: 2017-09-12
       words: 3283
      flesch: 49
     summary: Bhaumik M., Noubactep C., Gupta V.K., McCrindle R.I., Maity A., 2015, Polyaniline/Fe0 composite nanofibers: An excellent adsorbent for the removal of arsenic from aqueous solutions, Chemical Engineering Journal, 271, 135-146, DOI: 10.1016/j.cej.2015.02.079. Bhowmick S., Chakraborty S., Mondal P., Renterghem W.V., Berghe S.V., Roman-Ross G., Chatterjee D., Iglesias M., 2014, Montmorillonite-supported nanoscale zero-valent iron for removal of arsenic from aqueous solution: Kinetics and mechanism, Chemical Engineering Journal, 243, 14-23, DOI: 10.1016/j.cej.2013.12.049.
    keywords: cr(vi; doi; iron; mmt; nanoparticles; nzvi; removal
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        item: #5702 of 7527
          id: cet-4040
      author: None
       title: cet-4040
        date: 2016-07-19
       words: 3354
      flesch: 64
     summary: When the porosity of large particles is filled with small particles, permeability coefficient is determined by the area ratio of small particles to the layer. When small particles are all carried away, permeability coefficient is determined by the area ratio of large particles to the layer.
    keywords: coefficient; grains; layer; permeability; permeability coefficient; piping
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        item: #5703 of 7527
          id: cet-4041
      author: None
       title: cet-4041
        date: 2016-07-19
       words: 2494
      flesch: 40
     summary: Copyright © 2016, AIDIC Servizi S.r.l., ISBN 978-88-95608-43-3; ISSN 2283-9216 Non-linear Calculation and Analysis on Horizontal Bearing Pile Jun Yao*, Ya Wang Department of Architectural Engineering, HeFei University, HeFei, AnHui, China yaojunaaa@qq.com At present, numerical methods are mainly used in the calculation and consideration on lateral displacement of horizontal bearing pile under the non-linear relation of pile side soil mass, while the analytical methods are relatively seldom used. In order to facilitate the formula calculation, establish single pile horizontal model as shown in the figure 2, wherein Y is the demarcation point between elasticity and plasticity of the soil mass, which can be achieved from force equilibrium of the pile shaft in this model: / y ZPPQ  (2) 2/ y / 5.0 ZPPZM  (3) EI ZM EI ZP EI PZ t /3/ y 2/ 62  (4) 1058 2 / 1 2/4/3/ 2246 CZC EI ZM EI
    keywords: calculation; displacement; mass; pile; shaft; soil
       cache: cet-4041.pdf
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        item: #5704 of 7527
          id: cet-4042
      author: None
       title: cet-4042
        date: 2016-07-19
       words: 3317
      flesch: 61
     summary: The mainstay of RFRDs on the upstream face from inside out was: transition layer, dry stone cushion, inner foam cushion, rubber face layer, and outer foam cushion wall (as shown in Figure 1). Gao B.H., 2002, development and prospect of rubber dams at home and abroad.
    keywords: concrete; dam; doi; face; layer; rubber; sample; stress; water
       cache: cet-4042.pdf
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        item: #5705 of 7527
          id: cet-4043
      author: None
       title: cet-4043
        date: 2016-07-19
       words: 4049
      flesch: 53
     summary: In this connection, the most commonly-used approach is to mix cement soil with fibrous material, including polypropylene fiber, glass fiber, and steel fiber, aiming to enhance cement soil strength. As a result, there appear pores between straw and cement soil, which lowers the completeness of gelatinous substances in cement soil, and affects cement soil strength as well.
    keywords: cement; cement soil; rice; rice straw; soil; straw; strength; wheat
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        item: #5706 of 7527
          id: cet-4044
      author: None
       title: cet-4044
        date: 2016-07-19
       words: 3183
      flesch: 50
     summary: As a result, it was replaced with grid walls, as is shown in Figure 1(a), with good decorative, lighting, and ventilating effects. Thus, for wall samples with the same height-width ratio, the diagonal bracing will not be damaged.
    keywords: bearing; capacity; compression; concrete; strength; wall
       cache: cet-4044.pdf
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        item: #5707 of 7527
          id: cet-4045
      author: None
       title: cet-4045
        date: 2016-07-19
       words: 3027
      flesch: 59
     summary: Figure 4: Trajectory curve control polygon -0,5 0 0,5 1 1,5 2 2,5 3 3,5 4 4,5 -40 -20 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 L a te r a l d is p la c e m e n t /m Longitudinal displacement /m 1084 Figure 5: Expected trajectory curve 4. Therefore, this paper introduces β spline curve to establish an expected operating trajectory model which is curvature continuous.
    keywords: change; control; curvature; curve; lane; spline; trajectory; vehicle
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        item: #5708 of 7527
          id: cet-4046
      author: None
       title: cet-4046
        date: 2016-07-19
       words: 3467
      flesch: 58
     summary: 3. Collapse column ‘s electrical response characteristics 3.1 Through type collapse column For the research of response characteristics of collapse column by geoelectric transillumination, three layers geoelectric model with collapse column has been designed. To improve the application effect of this method, we researched the response characteristics of collapse column in coal mining working face based on FDTD numerical modelling with the singularity removal technique.
    keywords: body; coal; collapse; column; kji; point
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        item: #5709 of 7527
          id: cet-4047
      author: None
       title: cet-4047
        date: 2016-07-19
       words: 2800
      flesch: 29
     summary: Seismic design method for optimizing structure prefabricated concrete shear wall structure with horizontal seams and prefabricated concrete shear wall structure of horizontal seams and seismic performance evaluation made recommendations, such as crimping technology; local non-stick indirect pulp lap anchor knot reinforced connection technology: fastening closed stirrups technology. Shear wall structure to ensure the overall stiffness of building structures, seismic action can be effectively transmitted to the foundation, the structure itself is protected from damage or reduce the extent of the damage, which will help after the earthquake repair (Marthong, 2013).
    keywords: concrete; connection; horizontal; performance; shear; shear wall; structure; vertical; wall
       cache: cet-4047.pdf
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        item: #5710 of 7527
          id: cet-4048
      author: None
       title: cet-4048
        date: 2016-07-19
       words: 2338
      flesch: 39
     summary: Based on pervious concrete mix design features in-depth analysis of the relationship between the parameters and principles of performance and mechanical properties of porous concrete between the constituent materials; and selecting suitable raw materials, optimizing pervious concrete material, permeable to determine the best ratio of concrete; Finally, life cycle environmental assessment system, ordinary concrete, pervious concrete and pervious concrete high performance environment coordination of the evaluation carried out. Therefore, it is necessary to state pervious concrete aggregate bulk porosity was tested.
    keywords: aggregate; analysis; concrete; design; mix; performance; porosity; water
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        item: #5711 of 7527
          id: cet-4049
      author: None
       title: cet-4049
        date: 2016-07-19
       words: 2319
      flesch: 38
     summary: Summarizing existing connection based on the concept of prefabricated reinforced concrete frame structure part, that reinforced concrete prefabricated column frame structure is decomposed into two parts and precast beams, beams and only reinforced the core area disposed within the range of the connection zone member, in reinforced concrete structures is not continuous, non-reinforced connecting region of SRC (Ricci, 2013). 3 specimens, 1SI and 2SI connecting region did not appear damaged, 3SI connection area damage because of the lower part of the column of steel reinforcement, so the contrast intensity beam-column joints connecting area and the core area of the connecting area of cracks is always less than 0.2mm, meet regulatory requirements, the situation on the steel reinforced concrete from peeling does not appear, shear key reliable anti-slip effect, can be 1109 connected by means of connection of reinforced concrete structures of unreinforced steel reinforced concrete structure.
    keywords: beam; concrete; displacement; frame; load; specimen; steel; structure
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        item: #5712 of 7527
          id: cet-405
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 18patella.docx
        date: 2017-09-12
       words: 3205
      flesch: 49
     summary: The purpose of this work consists in the development of a simple competitive model capable of predicting the nZVI-p consumption taking into account the initial concentration of the chemical species and the theoretical stoichiometry of the parallel reactions (competitive reduction of nitrates and Cr(VI) by nZVI-p). 178 Figure 3: competitive model results of nitrates reduction fixing the initial Cr(VI) concentration to 1.8 mM. Table 1: kinetic parameters obtained by model data fitting (Unit of measure defined in the text).
    keywords: cr(vi; model; nzvi; palma; reduction
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        item: #5713 of 7527
          id: cet-4050
      author: None
       title: cet-4050
        date: 2016-07-19
       words: 2969
      flesch: 37
     summary: Yang Z.Q., Niu X.D., Hou K.P., Zhou Z.H., Liang W., Guo Y.H., Lu Y.F., Yang B.J., Cheng Y., 2015, Columnar diffusion of cement grout with time dependent rheological parameters, Chinese Journal of rock mechanics and Engineering, 34(7): 1415-1425. Based on the water cement ration (W/C), cement grouts usually may be divided into three categories: Power- law fluid, Bingham fluid and Newtonian fluid (Zenit et al., 2001).
    keywords: cement; coefficient; grouts; law; power; time; viscosity
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        item: #5714 of 7527
          id: cet-4051
      author: None
       title: cet-4051
        date: 2016-07-19
       words: 3446
      flesch: 54
     summary: The property right of the water resources is defined, and an eco- compensation model based on water rights auction is described where the price of water rights is determined under the premise of benefit maximization of the bidders. (3) By water rights auction, the water rights price will constantly approach the true value if the government provides limited quota and clear definition of water rights.
    keywords: compensation; eco; price; quota; resources; rights; water; water rights
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        item: #5715 of 7527
          id: cet-4052
      author: None
       title: cet-4052
        date: 2016-07-19
       words: 3918
      flesch: 47
     summary: Theory DOI: 10.3303/CET1651188 Please cite this article as: Wei L.W., 2016, Research on tunnel engineering geological exploration system based on tunnel seismic predication and ground-penetrating radar, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 51, 1123-1128 DOI:10.3303/CET1651188 1123 and practice have make know, that TSP method mainly reflects the rock’s mechanical property so belongs to the long distance geological forecast, and its detecting effects is better to the layered media, but detecting effect is unperfected on mini type karst, its interpret to the long distance is not enough accurate. With application of advanced detecting methods in home and abroad, to forecast unfavourable geological structures in front of working face, accurately and in time, many sensors are currently investigated for this demand, for example ground-penetrating radar(GPR), tunnel GPR is a quick, continuous and non-destructive geophysical prospecting method.
    keywords: engineering; fault; fracture; gpr; groundwater; rock; structure; tsp; tunnel
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        item: #5716 of 7527
          id: cet-4053
      author: None
       title: cet-4053
        date: 2016-07-19
       words: 3034
      flesch: 41
     summary: The Geological Features of Oil and Gas in Salt Related Basin Whether shale gas development has business values depend on the gas shale reservoirs identify. Based on the analysis above, the evaluation management theory, the sustainable development theory, and the system theory could be used as a guidance to study evaluation indexation system of evaluation development in oil fields.
    keywords: basin; businesses; development; evaluation; fields; gas; oil; salt; shale
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        item: #5717 of 7527
          id: cet-4054
      author: None
       title: cet-4054
        date: 2016-07-19
       words: 2849
      flesch: 50
     summary: According to the relevant inrush accident research report, five kinds of water samples (ordovician limestone water, goaf water, alluvial water, sandstone water, limestone water) are collected from a mine at Huai Nan, An Hui province. Figure1: Original fluorescence spectrum of water samples 2.3 The theory of experiment LDA, a Pattern Recognition algorithm, projects the high-dimensional pattern sample into the optimal identification vector space for the classification information extraction, feature space dimension compression and pattern model both with maximum distance between classes and minimum distance within classes for the best reparability in the space.
    keywords: coal; component; fluorescence; lda; number; pre; processing; samples; water
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        item: #5718 of 7527
          id: cet-4055
      author: None
       title: cet-4055
        date: 2016-07-19
       words: 2255
      flesch: 46
     summary: Given this, by testing the consolidation wave speed of stress waves from exciters in anchoring segments of reinforced concrete, the paper proposed a new real-time, nondestructive approach to deduce concrete strength. Under transient impact force, the rebar end propagated the vibration to the other end in the form of stress wave.
    keywords: concrete; consolidation; rebar; stress; stress wave; wave
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        item: #5719 of 7527
          id: cet-4056
      author: None
       title: cet-4056
        date: 2016-07-19
       words: 3505
      flesch: 39
     summary: The laws on food safety in China consist of a set of laws, guided by Food Safety Law, Product Quality Law and Standardization Law, with special regulations on food safety including Food Hygiene Administrative Punishment Measures and Food Hygiene Supervision Procedures as the main body, and supplemented by relevant specifications in laws and rules such as Law on Protection of Consumers Rights and Interests, Contagious Law Prevention Law, Criminal Law, etc. Social supervision mechanism of media (including network media and so on), experts, public figures and the public has drawbacks in the field of food safety.
    keywords: enterprises; food; gmf; haccp; human; law; public; risk; safety
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        item: #5720 of 7527
          id: cet-4057
      author: None
       title: cet-4057
        date: 2016-07-19
       words: 3727
      flesch: 63
     summary: Table 3: Smoke points and chemical analysis results of soybean oil and rapeseed oil samples smoke point (°C) acid value (mg KOH/g oil) peroxid e value (meq/kg ) residual solvent (mg/kg) 49631263@qq.com To satisfy consumers’ requirement of less smoke, vegetable oils should possess certain thermal stability, which was evaluated by smoke point and dependent on the content of the minor compounds.
    keywords: equation; oil; oils; point; regression; smoke; value
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        item: #5721 of 7527
          id: cet-4058
      author: None
       title: cet-4058
        date: 2016-07-19
       words: 3409
      flesch: 37
     summary: We gather and analyze various research information based on the correlation between carbon emission and operation management (i.e. production and distribution, inventory control and supply chain management). The aim of this paper is to report and review several models and methods available on operation management field, help readers appreciate various mechanisms for operation management considering carbon emission and lay some foundation work for future research.
    keywords: cap; carbon; cost; emission; inventory; management; model; operation
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        item: #5722 of 7527
          id: cet-4059
      author: None
       title: cet-4059
        date: 2016-07-19
       words: 3889
      flesch: 47
     summary: Using this as an entry point, and tourism in Hubei province as study object, this paper adopts a method in which documenting and statistic analysis are combined to calculate tourism carbon emissions in Hubei province, which provides the low-carbonization of tourism development in Hubei province with theoretical foundation and scientific basis. The calculation of tourism carbon emissions in Hubei province Tourism carbon emissions mainly refer to the CO2 emissions in tourism, and figuring out carbon emissions amount is a necessary prerequisite in studying tourism low-carbonation.
    keywords: carbon; carbon emission; china; economy; emission; hubei; low; province; tourism; transportation
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        item: #5723 of 7527
          id: cet-406
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 18patella.docx
        date: 2017-09-12
       words: 3650
      flesch: 49
     summary: El-Gamal, S. M. A., Amin, M. S. & Ahmed, M. A. 2015. When facing a dye contamination, silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are very promising as they present both catalytic (Sagitha et al., 2016) and antibacterial activity (Kumari et al., 2016), thus achieving not only the degradation of the dye but also inhibiting biological activity, usually obtained with UV and/or sonication (Naddeo et al., 2009), preventing the potential formation of toxic metabolites.
    keywords: chemical; degradation; dyes; nanoparticles; particles; removal; silver
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        item: #5724 of 7527
          id: cet-4060
      author: None
       title: cet-4060
        date: 2016-07-19
       words: 3024
      flesch: 56
     summary: This paper, by calculating tourist carbon footprint(mainly came from tourists’ breath and the transportation) and the scenic area’s carbon sink ability(vegetation’s ability to absorb CO2), successfully got the carbon distribution load rate and carbon distribution equilibrium degree of 1175 the scenic area, making the measurement of carbon distribution order of the scenic area a possible thing. In this case, tourist carbon emission in each scenic area is Eq(5) : 1172 ( )t k b k k k Q t Q t kq τ τ ′× + ×
    keywords: area; carbon; carbon distribution; distribution; rate; spot; time; tourist
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        item: #5725 of 7527
          id: cet-4061
      author: None
       title: cet-4061
        date: 2016-07-19
       words: 3186
      flesch: 46
     summary: As can be seen in Figure 1, the characteristic of industrial carbon emissions structure in Jiangsu is consistent with the characteristics of industrial structure, in a “Second-Third -First” pattern as well. duyw@njupt.edu.cn Based on relevant data in Jiangsu from 1995 to 2014, this article uses the measurement model to analyze the influence on carbon emissions of the industrial structure evolution.
    keywords: capita; carbon; carbon emissions; emissions; industry; proportion; structure
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        item: #5726 of 7527
          id: cet-4062
      author: None
       title: cet-4062
        date: 2016-07-19
       words: 3946
      flesch: 9
     summary: Through the calculation, there are the following methods for the improvement of wall block thermal resistance and the enhancing of its thermal performance: (1) Use rectangular holes of staggered arrangement, improve the ratio of the length of long and short holes, but after L1/L2= 7～10, it is meaningless to improve the staggered degree of long and short holes. 5.2 The influence factors of thermal resistance of composite wall block (1) The influence of the number of hole rows on block thermal resistance The average thermal conductivity coefficient of exterior wall k1.5W /(m℃), and considering the thermal resistance of beams and columns is small, the wall thermal resistance must be improved in order to achieve the purpose of 50% energy saving; according to the calculation, the thermal resistance of 240mm thick new concrete hollow wall block should be up to 0.70m2℃/W. so large amounts of calculation is made on the blocks with cement with the thermal conductivity coefficient of 0.79 w/(m℃) as an aggregate, and it can be found from the results that the hole size and the number of hole rows have certain influence on the thermal resistance of block.
    keywords: block; figure; heat; hole; resistance; thermal; wall; width
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        item: #5727 of 7527
          id: cet-4063
      author: None
       title: cet-4063
        date: 2016-07-19
       words: 3243
      flesch: 27
     summary: In this paper, in order to implement sanding for the surface of pine anaglyph, find the best way to eliminate surface roughness under the best action of sanding; established the thermodynamics model for the surface of pine anaglyph when laser ablation instantaneously, by considering the energy absorption and the mechanism of heat transfer, latent heat, thermal parameters of materials, simulated the distribute of temperature field and the parameters such as the shape and depth of the laser ablation analyzed and compared with experimental results at the same time, obtained referenced date after the laser ablation process, not only contributed to deeply understand the physical mechanism of action between laser and wooden materials, but also take a theoretical guiding function to the control parameters of actual design(Ming et al., 2001). In the meanwhile, find reasonable sanding area of the laser ablation from thermal stress distribution of pine embossment, on the basis of cell crack experiment image analysis, get the sintering process condition of pine anaglyph embossed shaped surface by laser ablation, find out formation mechanism of sanding and ablation, can provide a theoretical basis for the design of anaglyph laser sand mill.
    keywords: ablation; density; depth; heat; laser; material; power; process; surface; target; temperature
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        item: #5728 of 7527
          id: cet-4064
      author: None
       title: cet-4064
        date: 2016-07-19
       words: 3548
      flesch: 51
     summary: Conclusions This paper proposed a new nanometer mineral as additive of cemented stabilized soil, nano-CaO, to improve the behavior of cemented soils and analyzed the strength development of cement stabilized Tianjin soft clay by using unconfined compression strength tests, and the results were compared with some other nanometer minerals. Journal of Tongji University, (1), 72-85. Zhang T., Yue X., Deng Y., Zhang D., Liu S., 2014, Mechanical behaviour and micro-structure of cement- stabilised marine clay with a metakaolin agent, Construction & Building Materials, 73, 51–57, DOI: 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2014.09.041 Zhou L., Shen X., Bai Z., 2009, The experimental study on change in property of cement soil by added additives, Industrial Construction, 39(7), 74–78, DOI: 10.13204/j.gyjz2000.01.007 Zhu X., Wang L., Ding T., 2003, Study on engineering properties of nanometer silica and cement-stabilized soil[J].
    keywords: cao; cement; content; days; effect; nano; nanometer; soil; strength
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        item: #5729 of 7527
          id: cet-4065
      author: None
       title: cet-4065
        date: 2016-07-19
       words: 2613
      flesch: 52
     summary: This conclusion turns out to be of great value to the study on the process of energy piles for heat storage. This conclusion turns out to be of great value to the study on the process of energy pile for heat storage.
    keywords: concrete; energy; heat; pile; storage; temperature
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        item: #5730 of 7527
          id: cet-4066
      author: None
       title: cet-4066
        date: 2016-07-19
       words: 2486
      flesch: 53
     summary: Copyright © 2016, AIDIC Servizi S.r.l., ISBN 978-88-95608-43-3; ISSN 2283-9216 Preparation and Properties of Blue Edible Inkjet Ink Based on Chitosan Oligochitosan Ting Guoa,b, Houbin Lia*, Xuejun Tianb, Hongju Zhanc, Hong Shic aSchool of Printing and Packaging , Wuhan University,Wuhan 430079, CHINA bSchool of Electronic Information Engineering , Jingchu University of Technology,Jingmen 448000,CHINA cCollege of Chemical Engineering and Pharmacy,Jingchu University of Technology,Jingmen 448000,CHINA 349770300@qq.com Different formulations of blue edible inkjet inks were prepared in this study using chitosan oligochitosan as a binder. In this study, different formulations of blue edible inkjet inks were prepared using COS.
    keywords: figure; ink; inkjet; inks; surface; tension; viscosity
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        item: #5731 of 7527
          id: cet-4067
      author: None
       title: cet-4067
        date: 2016-07-19
       words: 3557
      flesch: 70
     summary: Liu and Zhu (1995) characterized C2 rational schemes and presented certain C2 discrete triangular interpolants. Since C2 schemes supersede C1 ones in better approximation and visual effect (esthetic feeling), endeavor has been paid in designing C2 schemes (Alfred, 1984; Wang, 1992).
    keywords: interpolant; interpolation; polynomials; scheme
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        item: #5732 of 7527
          id: cet-4068
      author: None
       title: cet-4068
        date: 2016-07-19
       words: 2239
      flesch: 37
     summary: Figure 7: Temperature distribution of temperature field in refrigerated compartment 276.3 276.4 276.5 276.6 276.7 276.8 276.9 277.0 277.1 277.2 0 1 2 3 4 5 pr ob ab ili ty d is tri bu tio n t/k 【 Ambient Temperature 308.15k Vehicle Speed 10m/s】 Computer Simulation Result Gauss Fit of Computer Simulation Result 276.5 277.0 277.5 278.0 278.5 279.0 279.5 280.0 0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 experimental result 【 ambient temperature 308.15k vehicle speed 10m/s】 pr ob ab ili ty d is tri bu tio n t/k 1222 Figure 7 shows the temperature field of the experimental compartment in the compartment of the refrigerated truck. Therefore, temperature distribution, also reflects the distribution of temperature field in space.
    keywords: compartment; distribution; field; figure; probability; temperature; temperature field
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        item: #5733 of 7527
          id: cet-4069
      author: None
       title: cet-4069
        date: 2016-07-19
       words: 3221
      flesch: 60
     summary: 2.2 Smoothly adjusting charging mode In the smoothly adjusting charging mode, at any time, the charging power of the off-board charger is adjusted continuously and automatically. 4.2.3 Smoothly adjusting charging mode In this mode, the charging power of electric cars can be adjusted continuously.
    keywords: cars; charging; electric; load; mode; power; t t
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        item: #5734 of 7527
          id: cet-407
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 18patella.docx
        date: 2017-09-12
       words: 2174
      flesch: 44
     summary: Figure 3 shows the results in terms of discoloration for dyeing water and finishing waters as a function of run time. In particular, it was obtained a discoloration degree of about 56, 76 and 98% for dyeing water, finishing water 1 and 2, respectively, while TOC removal was about 40% for all the treated waters.
    keywords: dyeing; photocatalyst; photocatalytic; waters; zno
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        item: #5735 of 7527
          id: cet-4070
      author: None
       title: cet-4070
        date: 2016-07-19
       words: 2385
      flesch: 49
     summary: Conclusions This system can realize the function of quantitative description of air tightness test of electric pneumatic valves and complete automated air tightness test. In order to solve the problem, differential pressure method to realize the quantitative requirements of air tightness test of electric pneumatic valves is proposed.
    keywords: air; leakage; method; pressure; system; test; tightness
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        item: #5736 of 7527
          id: cet-4071
      author: None
       title: cet-4071
        date: 2016-07-19
       words: 3076
      flesch: 70
     summary: During the cutter DOI: 10.3303/CET1651207 Please cite this article as: Li S., 2016, Modeling and simulation research of ball end mill rake face, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 51, 1237-1242 DOI:10.3303/CET1651207 1237 mailto:lishuai66@163.com grinding process of the rake face, the great circle circumference of the grinding wheel is first tangent to the groove bottom curve, B. Ball blade rake face machining Ball end mill is made up of two parts, the ball end and the blade handle.
    keywords: ball; rake; sin;  ;  ;  ;  
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        item: #5737 of 7527
          id: cet-4072
      author: None
       title: cet-4072
        date: 2016-07-19
       words: 3719
      flesch: 47
     summary: In order to ensure that the system of electricity sales and ensure efficiency of large units, reducing the power of small thermal power generators during peak hours peak power, promote energy conservation and energy efficiency, this special setting a peak period pricing constraints, namely peak hours the price should be less than equal to the small power generating units of cost: 1245 ≥f sc c (7) On this basis, load shifting, so that daily load curve of the system becomes more smooth for the purpose of considering the establishment of a user response peak and valley electric charges model and constraint condition set in a peak period pricing constraint that electricity peak period should not be higher than the cost of a small turbine to generate electricity, thereby reducing the small power generating units in the peak period of peak power generation, promote energy conservation.
    keywords: charges; electric; electricity; load; peak; period; power; price; valley
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        item: #5738 of 7527
          id: cet-4073
      author: None
       title: cet-4073
        date: 2016-07-19
       words: 3274
      flesch: 51
     summary: The intake advance angle, intake retard angle, exhaust advance angle, exhaust retard angle, duration angle, exhaust valve lift and intake valve lift of the CVVTL are increased as the increase engine speed by both adjusting the phase regulator and lift regulator, and the varying tendency satisfies the gas distribution requirements of various working conditions of engine very well. It is seen that overall volumetric efficiencies are increased under the engine speeds from 1000r/min to 5000r/min. Due to the exhaust valve timing, intake valve timing and intake valve lift are adjusted and suitable for the engine working conditions, so the volumetric efficiencies of CVVTL engine are all higher than that of the baseline engine under various engine speeds.
    keywords: cylinder; engine; intake; lift; regulator; timing; valve
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        item: #5739 of 7527
          id: cet-4074
      author: None
       title: cet-4074
        date: 2016-07-19
       words: 2967
      flesch: 32
     summary: Firstly the paper analyzes several solutions to cable lines temperature measurement, then the best solution to cable temperature measurement should be chosen from characters and defects of these temperature measurements. The best solution to cable temperature measurement should be chosen from characters and defects of these temperature measurements.
    keywords: bragg; cable; fbg; fiber; grating; measurement; power; system; temperature
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        item: #5740 of 7527
          id: cet-4075
      author: None
       title: cet-4075
        date: 2016-07-19
       words: 3339
      flesch: 47
     summary: It can be widely applied in desulfurization control system, especially the desulfurization system of sintering machine Acknowledgments The work was supported by Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Centre for Ecological Building Materials and Environmental Protection Equipment (Grant No.cp201502). DOI: 10.3303/CET1651211 Please cite this article as: Ji Z.B., Bian J.H., Zhang L., 2016, Study on control system of steel slag desulfurization of sintering gas, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 51, 1261-1266 DOI:10.3303/CET1651211 1261 2.
    keywords: control; data; desulfurization; desulfurizer; pump; slag; steel; system; water
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        item: #5741 of 7527
          id: cet-4076
      author: None
       title: cet-4076
        date: 2016-07-19
       words: 2787
      flesch: 61
     summary: t t t t σ θ θ σ σ σ σ σ θ θ θ = = −        = 1271 Figure 5: The comparison of the system output curves (----the two degree of freedom controller design method;—the model inverse control) 5 Conclusions In this paper, the design of nonlinear system controller is studied.
    keywords: controller; function; nonlinear; system; t t; u t; y t
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        item: #5742 of 7527
          id: cet-4077
      author: None
       title: cet-4077
        date: 2016-07-19
       words: 2960
      flesch: 63
     summary: Copyright © 2016, AIDIC Servizi S.r.l., ISBN 978-88-95608-43-3; ISSN 2283-9216 Research on Probability Density Estimation Method for Random Dynamic Systems Yanrong Ni*, Ru Min Department of Electrical Engineering, Henan Institute of Technology niyanrong666@126.com In this paper, the author researches on probability density estimation method for random dynamic systems. At last, the algorithm proposed in his paper is realized by MATLAB, and many DOI: 10.3303/CET1651213 Please cite this article as: Ni Y.R., Min R., 2016, Research on probability density estimation method for random dynamic systems, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 51, 1273-1278 DOI:10.3303/CET1651213 1273 datasets is used to experiment.
    keywords: probability
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        item: #5743 of 7527
          id: cet-4078
      author: None
       title: cet-4078
        date: 2016-07-19
       words: 3267
      flesch: 52
     summary: Comprehensive consideration of pumped storage power units capacity and the factors influencing the load time, the optimization of load distribution for pumped storage power units and coal-fired power units, peak shaving modes was analyzed and the corresponding economic model was constructed. Therefore, given the large-scale modern units and the mounting difference between peak load and valley load of power grids, the economical analysis of peak load regulation schemes of large units exerts great significance on comparison and optimization of such schemes.
    keywords: coal; consumption; load; peak; power; regulation; storage; units
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        item: #5744 of 7527
          id: cet-4079
      author: None
       title: cet-4079
        date: 2016-07-19
       words: 3815
      flesch: 30
     summary: 1. Introduction Gas sensitive sensors are focused on improving the sensitivity and stability and selectivity, and expanding the scope (Kim et al., 1999, Hays et al., 2005 and, Rajpure et al., 2000), therefore, chemical sensors have gained consideration attention in environmental monitoring. (Kim et al., 2011; Snaith and Ducat, 2010;
    keywords: absorption; band; doi; doped; et al; gap; oxygen; properties; sno2; structure; vacancy
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        item: #5745 of 7527
          id: cet-408
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 18patella.docx
        date: 2017-09-12
       words: 3815
      flesch: 47
     summary: 60, 2017 A publication of The Italian Association of Chemical Engineering Online at www.aidic.it/cet Guest Editors: Luca Di Palma, Elisabetta Petrucci, Marco Stoller Copyright © 2017, AIDIC Servizi S.r.l. ISBN978-88-95608- 50-1; ISSN 2283-9216 Pore-Scale Simulations of Particle Transport for Groundwater Remediation: the Effect of Gravitational Settling Eleonora Crevacore*a, Gianluca Boccardob, Alfio Grilloa, Daniele L. Marchisioc, Rajandrea Sethid a DISMA “G.L. Lagrange”, Politecnico di Torino, C.so Duca degli Abruzzi 24, 10129 Torino, Italy b School of Mechanical Engineering, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, 69978, Israel c DISAT, Politecnico di Torino, C.so Duca degli Abruzzi 24, 10129 Torino, Italy d DIATI, Politecnico di Torino, C.so Duca degli Abruzzi 24, 10129 Torino, Italy eleonora.crevacore@polito.it In this work, we investigate particle deposition efficiency in porous media by way of pore-scale computational fluid dynamics simulations. Then, we focus on the effect of gravitational settling on particle deposition, comparing our results with the well-known simplified theoretical laws, showing how pore-scale numerical experiments can improve the prediction accuracy of these laws but, most of all, help gain fundamental insights in the physical mechanisms at work.
    keywords: deposition; fluid; grains; gravity; particle; simulations; transport
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        item: #5746 of 7527
          id: cet-4080
      author: None
       title: cet-4080
        date: 2016-07-19
       words: 2197
      flesch: 64
     summary: The proper specification of tension bolt is gained directly, and the repeated verifications of all kinds of tensioning bolt are got rid of. Table 1: Comparisons of nominal diameters M t and pitches P Nominal Diameters 1 1.2 1.6 2 2.5 3 4 5 6 8 Pitch 0.25 0.25 0.35 0.4 0.45 0.5 0.7 0.8 1 1.25 Nominal Diameters 64 72 80 90 100 110 125 140 160 180 Pitch 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 8 8 Table 2: Comparisons of nominal diameters M t and pitches P (continue) Nominal Diameters 8 10 12 16 20 24 30 36 42 48 56 Pitch 1.25 1.5 1.75 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5 5.5 Nominal Diameters 180 200 220 250 280 320 360 400 450 500 550 Pitch 8 8 8 8 8 6 6 6 6 6 6 Minor diameters of tension bolts DMt-2P c.Input the tension displacement L1 with the screen input form (Unit: m).
    keywords: bolt; figure; force; program; stress; tension; unit
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        item: #5747 of 7527
          id: cet-4081
      author: None
       title: cet-4081
        date: 2016-07-19
       words: 3027
      flesch: 34
     summary: Firstly, the nonlinear mapping model established by BP neural network functions as prediction in AWJ cutting depth and process parameters; moreover, GA plays a role in optimization of neural network structure, i.e., obtain the individual of the maximum fitness value by means of global optimization idea, and the fitness value in GA shall be calculated through neural network. DOI: 10.3303/CET1651217 Please cite this article as: Deng S.S., Guo L.H., Guan J.F., Guo G.D., Yang X., 2016, Research on the prediction model for abrasive water jet cutting based on ga-bp neural network, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 51, 1297-1302 DOI:10.3303/CET1651217 1297 2. Implementation of Neural Network 2.1 Network input/output parameters Many factors will affect AWJ cutting performance. In combination with genetic algorithm (GA), the prediction in abrasive water jet (AWJ) cutting depth and process parameters optimization are implemented aiming at the disadvantages of slow convergence rate and prone to trap in local optimal solution of BP neural network.
    keywords: cutting; depth; model; network; neural; optimization; prediction
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        item: #5748 of 7527
          id: cet-4082
      author: None
       title: cet-4082
        date: 2016-07-19
       words: 2535
      flesch: 39
     summary: Scatter diagram of enterprise innovation capability comprehensive index 3. As shown in Figure 1. Figure 1: Evaluation system of enterprise innovation capability 2.2 Grey Correlation Degree analysis method to determine index weight
    keywords: capability; enterprises; evaluation; index; innovation
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        item: #5749 of 7527
          id: cet-4083
      author: None
       title: cet-4083
        date: 2016-07-19
       words: 3540
      flesch: 42
     summary: DOI: 10.3303/CET1651219 Please cite this article as: Xu P.F., Shi K., Zhu H.Q., Zhao D., Li R.K., 2016, Research on super capacitor energy storage system and its control of wind power system based on virtual synchronous technology, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 51, 1309-1314 DOI:10.3303/CET1651219 1309 However, research of existing literatures focused more on “virtual synchronous” control strategy of grid- connected inverters while paid little attention to ESS devices including type, capacity and control method. On the analysis of virtual synchronous control of ESS used in wind power system, this paper probes into the scheme for configuring ESS capacities for compensating for virtual inertia of wind turbines, and proposes a systematic overall control strategy based on virtual synchronous technology.
    keywords: control; energy; ess; frequency; generator; grid; power; system; wind
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        item: #5750 of 7527
          id: cet-4084
      author: None
       title: cet-4084
        date: 2016-07-19
       words: 3117
      flesch: 49
     summary: The decrease of valve lift in the timing adjustment accord with the tendency of gas distribution requirement at the engine speed decreases and the load decreases as well. If the engine load is constant or increases, it can be compensated by increasing the adjustment of valve lift.
    keywords: adjustment; lift; lift regulator; piston; regulator; valve
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        item: #5751 of 7527
          id: cet-4085
      author: None
       title: cet-4085
        date: 2016-07-19
       words: 2717
      flesch: 39
     summary: Product design theory and method through research and development of a century, it has been developed from experience-based design pattern is based on scientific principles and knowledge-based design patterns, and the emergence of the theory and methodology of product design has a guiding role (Balog, 2007). From product hierarchy to consider, product design structure may be a product, organization, component, part, structure design element.
    keywords: activity; activity activity; axis; design; element; information; model; process; product; structure; surface
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        item: #5752 of 7527
          id: cet-4086
      author: None
       title: cet-4086
        date: 2016-07-19
       words: 2158
      flesch: 34
     summary: Through the power electronic circuits in complex behavior research can reveal the nonlinear nature of the circuit, to improve the stability of the circuit, to provide a theoretical guarantee the reliability of this type of circuit design, circuit design to provide guidance to manufacturers of power electronic circuits to meet the needs of the national economy in various fields of high stability power electronic circuits (Vasan, 2014). The numerical simulation of power electronic circuits gives the complex dynamic behavior of the circuit.
    keywords: analysis; chaos; circuit; control; dynamics; power; system
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        item: #5753 of 7527
          id: cet-4087
      author: None
       title: cet-4087
        date: 2016-07-19
       words: 2672
      flesch: 45
     summary: Since the beginning of research on analog circuit fault diagnosis, it has raised many basic theory and method of fault diagnosis. + - + 0 V1 1V 4.8k R1 R2 C1 0.33uF 0 0 R6 62k R5 9.42k V- V+ LF412 U1A C2 0.33uF 4.8k Figure 3: Butterworth low-pass filter circuit Fault feature extraction analog circuit fault diagnosis system is an important part, since different extraction methods from the failure characteristics of the signal in the frequency domain, so the realization of simulation and process analysis of analog circuit fault diagnosis are slightly different, here are sampling from the effective implementation of the sampling points and the wavelet transform fault feature extraction, SVM fault diagnosis were achieved on the final results of fault diagnosis further comparative analysis.
    keywords: analog; circuit; classification; diagnosis; fault; feature; method; svc; vector
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        item: #5754 of 7527
          id: cet-4088
      author: None
       title: cet-4088
        date: 2016-07-19
       words: 3024
      flesch: 49
     summary: Line detection of the fermentation process, real time control and optimization of the process flow plus is an effective way to improve the overall level of fermentation, but fermentation process of biomass key variable (cell concentration, product concentration and substrate concentration), due to biological limit level sensor technology development, has not been solved, leading to advanced control algorithms and optimization strategy can only stay in the theoretical study (Gu, 2015). Existing models established fermentation process can be divided into three categories: white box model and gray box model, black-box model (Jia, 2012).
    keywords: data; fermentation; model; process; svm
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        item: #5755 of 7527
          id: cet-4089
      author: None
       title: cet-4089
        date: 2016-07-19
       words: 3010
      flesch: 44
     summary: This paper uses software compensation method mainly, it adopt the appropriate sensor information fusion algorithm to compensate the influence of pressure sensor causing by the change from temperature, and puts forward a kind of temperature compensation method which combines polynomial curve fitting and cubic-spline interpolation, this method is flexible, and also can achieves high precision. The pressure through temperature compensation is shown in Table.2 Table 2: The pressure through temperature compensation P/MPa 8.2℃ 4.6℃ 22.3℃ 36.5℃ U/mv U/mv U/mv U/mv 0 9.99 9.994 0.02 9.992 5 5.006 4.994 5.002 4.994 20 9.993 9.993 20.02 9.996 25 25.009 25.02 24.983 25.005 30 30.006 29.994 29.004 30.006 35 34.992 34.994 35.008 35.02 40 40.005 39.994 39.993 39.996 Table 3 gives the overall fusion effect of the algorithm performance test when the marked point pressure is 10, 20, 30, 40, 50 and the temperature is 17.6 ℃, 23.3 ℃and 32.5 ℃(Test method is same as above).
    keywords: compensation; curve; fitting; interpolation; method; pressure; sensor; temperature
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        item: #5756 of 7527
          id: cet-409
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 18patella.docx
        date: 2017-09-12
       words: 2453
      flesch: 44
     summary: Yamaguchi N.U., Bergamasco R., and Hamoudi S. 2016, Magnetic MnFe2O4–graphene hybrid composite for efficient removal of glyphosate from water, Chemical Engineering Journal, 295391-402. Scheme of pilot batch scale reactor built for this study.
    keywords: adsorption; glyphosate; graphene; mnfe2o4; removal; scale; water
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        item: #5757 of 7527
          id: cet-4090
      author: None
       title: cet-4090
        date: 2016-07-19
       words: 3102
      flesch: 78
     summary: γy y y y p e p e γe e α e e α p e p e              (16) substitute Eq. γ p p e u e e e α e α p p p σe p σ p p p                                , (24) where p3>0.
    keywords: e e; e p;  
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        item: #5758 of 7527
          id: cet-4091
      author: None
       title: cet-4091
        date: 2016-07-19
       words: 3210
      flesch: 55
     summary: However, China solar greenhouse cultivation was mainly planted with soil, and the continuous production cannot be achieved resulting from the seriously soil-borne diseases (Qu et al., 2010; Wang et al., 2010). The specific objectives of the study were to :( i) using the closed substrate which is stuffing into the plastic bag instead of soil meanwhile, it can be used the heat storage in greenhouse soil, and (ii) design the circulating irrigation system for nutrient solution.
    keywords: cultivation; greenhouse; irrigation; nutrient; soil; system; tank; water
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        item: #5759 of 7527
          id: cet-4092
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 43poletti.docx
        date: 2016-03-11
       words: 4217
      flesch: 34
     summary: Scholars has not been detailed enough the relationship between smart city projects (or smart city) and its sustainability, although there are working groups that stress the importance of the theme (United Nation Agency International Telecommunication (ITU) - Focus Group on Smart Sustainable Cities 2015). The first outcome concerns the fact that real time environmental monitoring via nanotechnology, especially air sensing, is one of the most prosperous use of nano and micro-sensors in smart city projects.
    keywords: air; cities; city; cost; data; environmental; micro; monitoring; nano; quality; sensing; sensors; technology; time
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        item: #5760 of 7527
          id: cet-4093
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 43poletti.docx
        date: 2016-03-11
       words: 3227
      flesch: 59
     summary: 2.2 Synthesis of ZnO nanoparticles A ‘green’ and easy method to prepare ZnO nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) was used. To provide aqueous stability to ZnO NPs: (i) 0.015 g of precipitates obtained after washing were dispersed in 19 ml of ethanol; (ii) 2 ml of ethanol containing 0.2 g of APTES, were added dropwise to the suspension; (iii) 0.1 ml of bidistilled water was immediately mixed with the suspension; (iv) the solution was stirred for 1 hour at room temperature, allowing the long-chained APTES molecules to cap ZnO nanoparticles.
    keywords: aptes; concentration; figure; nanoparticles; nitroaniline; nps; water; zno
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        item: #5761 of 7527
          id: cet-4094
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 43poletti.docx
        date: 2016-03-11
       words: 3178
      flesch: 48
     summary: The fastest analysis (t0.9 = 2 min) was obtained for flow rates equal to 100 µl/min, which is a sufficient effect paralleled to the other reported optical laccase biosensors (i.e. 10 min for laccase in a chitosan film (Abdullah et al., 2007)). The LTCC technology is cost-effective, easy, and the possibility for the integration of microfluidic species and electronic elements in a single LTCC substrate is the great profit of LTCC (Vasudev et al., 2013).
    keywords: biosensor; laccase; ltcc; min; polymer; sensor
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        item: #5762 of 7527
          id: cet-4095
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 43poletti.docx
        date: 2016-03-11
       words: 2815
      flesch: 46
     summary: Deposition solution was a 0.1M CuSO4.5H2O and 0.05M H3BO4 aqueous electrolyte at pH=2. SEM images of Figure 1 show morphology of Cu nanostructures.
    keywords: deposition; electrodes; hydrogen; nanostructures; sensors; solution
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        item: #5763 of 7527
          id: cet-4096
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 43poletti.docx
        date: 2016-03-11
       words: 3308
      flesch: 46
     summary: The good agreement between results obtained with the two independent measurements demonstrates that transient-thermocouple measurement is a powerful technique to detect the total particulate volume fraction, together with particle emissivity. This procedure allows to obtain particle emissivity at various HAB, thus, to characterize combustion generated nanoparticles.
    keywords: carbon; combustion; emissivity; flame; measurements; nanoparticles; particle; soot; thermocouple
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        item: #5764 of 7527
          id: cet-4097
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 43poletti.docx
        date: 2016-03-11
       words: 3182
      flesch: 51
     summary: cm-1, IRaman is the Raman intensity at 1089 cm-1, CRaman corresponds to the concentration of 4-ABT deposited on glass slide without AgNP, and CSERS is the concentration of 4-ABT deposited on AgNP SERS substrates. This study provides an efficient method for detecting of Levofloxacin using AgNP SERS sensor, which can be extended for others quinolones.
    keywords: abt; aggregates; agnp; figure; films; levofloxacin; nanoparticles; raman; sers; surface
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        item: #5765 of 7527
          id: cet-4098
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 43poletti.docx
        date: 2016-03-11
       words: 3362
      flesch: 39
     summary: A publication of The Italian Association of Chemical Engineering Online at www.aidic.it/cet Guest Editors: Angelo Chianese, Luca Di Palma, Elisabetta Petrucci, Marco Stoller Copyright © 2016, AIDIC Servizi S.r.l., ISBN 978-88-95608-38-9; ISSN 2283-9216 Magnetoliposomes: Envisioning new Strategies for Water Decontamination Stefania Petralitoa*, Patrizia Paolicellia, Martina Nardonia, Francesca Apolloniob, Micaela Libertib, Caterina Merlad, Rosanna Pintod, Maria Antonietta Casadeia, Maria Cristina Annesinic a Department of Drug Chemistry and Technologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy b Department of Information Engineering, Electronics and Telecommunications, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy c Chemical, Material and Environmental Engineering, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy d Unit of Radiation Biology and Human Health, Enea Research Center, Rome, Italy stefania.petralito@uniroma1.it In this work, the inclusion of magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) within phospholipid vesicles has been investigated as novel strategy for improving stability and reactivity of these nanoparticles and extending their potential use in the environmental field. In this context, magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) have proved to be effective sorbents for removal of toxic pollutants, such as heavy metals, in contaminated water
    keywords: hspc; liposomes; mls; mnps; nanoparticles; phospholipid; release; vesicles
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        item: #5766 of 7527
          id: cet-4099
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 43poletti.docx
        date: 2016-03-11
       words: 3433
      flesch: 42
     summary: In this work, in addition to the fabrication method, also the performance of different nanostructured materials are presented, and discussed. A publication of The Italian Association of Chemical Engineering Online at www.aidic.it/cet Guest Editors: Angelo Chianese, Luca Di Palma, Elisabetta Petrucci, Marco Stoller Copyright © 2016, AIDIC Servizi S.r.l., ISBN 978-88-95608-38-9; ISSN 2283-9216 Nanostructured Electrochemical Devices for Sensing, Energy Conversion and Storage Carmelo Sunseri*, Cristina Cocchiara, Fabrizio Ganci, Alessandra Moncada, Roberto Luigi Oliveri, Bernardo Patella, Salvatore Piazza and Rosalinda Inguanta Laboratorio di Chimica Fisica Applicata, Dipartimento di Ingegneria Chimica Gestionale Informatica Meccanica, Università di Palermo, Viale delle Scienze - 90128 Palermo (Italy) Carmelo.sunseri@unipa.it Nanostructured materials are attracting growing interest for improving performance of devices and systems of large technological interest.
    keywords: energy; inguanta; materials; nanowires; template
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        item: #5767 of 7527
          id: cet-410
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 18patella.docx
        date: 2017-09-12
       words: 3022
      flesch: 44
     summary: Nanoscale zerovalent iron (nZVI) demonstrated to be effective for the removal of arsenic through reduction mechanismsto elemental arsenic which in turn immobilizes the arsenic anionsonto the iron for easy removal (Ramos et al., 2009).Nanoparticles DOI: 10.3303/CET1760035 Please cite this article as: Chiavola A., Stoller M., Di Palma L., Boni M.R., 2017, Magnetic core nanoparticles coated by titania and alumina for water and wastewater remediation from metal contaminants, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 60, 205-210 DOI: 10.3303/CET1760035 205 can also be surfacemodified for environmental applications (Luther et al., 2012), e.g. by coating with activated alumina or titania oxide to enhance their reactivity to arsenic (Chiavola et al., 2016a). Based on these previous results, it was decided to investigate in the present study the arsenic adsorption capacity of magnetic core nanoparticles prepared with different coatings consisting of pure titania, pure AA and a mix of titania and AA.
    keywords: adsorption; alumina; arsenic; nanoparticles; removal; tio2; water
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        item: #5768 of 7527
          id: cet-4100
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 43poletti.docx
        date: 2016-03-11
       words: 4221
      flesch: 38
     summary: This means that nanocellulose production nearly doubles the total energy consumption of the system (a hypothetical sugarcane biorefinery that uses SO2-catalyzed steam explosion during the biomass fractionation step currently producing only ethanol) (Ensinas et al., 2013).This is obviously a large amount for the total energy to increase by, but we think it is justifiable in that nanocellulose production adds much more value to the process than ethanol production, as previously demonstrated. This is a benefit as the surplus heat can be redirected to the pretreatment, enzymatic hydrolysis, or ethanol production processes, thus reducing the required fuel for heating.
    keywords: co2; energy; ethanol; explosion; feedstock; hydrolysis; nanocellulose; pretreatment; process; production
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        item: #5769 of 7527
          id: cet-4101
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 43poletti.docx
        date: 2016-03-11
       words: 2471
      flesch: 46
     summary: 2. Method A search procedure was set analyzing different works present in literature to have an overview of nanotechnology applications in environmental sector. The goal of this work is to map the influence and the use of nanotechnology in environmental sector and its impact in scientific research topics.
    keywords: chemical; environment; nano; nanotechnology; research; sector
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        item: #5770 of 7527
          id: cet-4102
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 43poletti.docx
        date: 2016-03-11
       words: 3067
      flesch: 47
     summary: 2.2 Preparation of non-woven tissues The non-woven tissue was electrospun by the NS Lab 500 (Elmarco, Chezch Republic). Collecting electrode (CE): cylinder Spinning electrode (SE): cylinder Distance SE/CE: 10-16 cm CE rotation: 2-8 rpm Voltage: 45-60 or 45-70 kV Substrate material: Spunbond, 30 gsm, polypropylene 100% with antistatic treatment 2.4 Characterization of nanoparticles and non-woven tissues The particle size distribution of the CN-lignin nanoparticles was measured by means of the dynamic light scattering instrument 90 Plus supplied by Brookhavn.
    keywords: chitin; electrospinning; electrospun; green; lignin; material; morganti; non; tissue; water
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        item: #5771 of 7527
          id: cet-4103
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 43poletti.docx
        date: 2016-03-11
       words: 3277
      flesch: 54
     summary: The feasibility of producing silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) using phenolic extracts from agro-industrial wastes as reducing agents was investigated. The formation of Ag NPs was monitored spectrophotometrically by measuring the intensity of the surface plasmon resonance (SPR) band of silver at 415–435 nm.
    keywords: extracts; nanoparticles; nps; scg; silver
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        item: #5772 of 7527
          id: cet-4104
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 43poletti.docx
        date: 2016-03-11
       words: 2697
      flesch: 50
     summary: Starting from the results by Shu et al., (2013), we have investigated the synthesis and characterization of nanostructured PbOHCl. This work focused on the synthesis and characterization of nanostructured lead hydroxide chloride (PbOHCl) that is an innovative anode material for lithium-ion batteries (LIBs).
    keywords: figure; ion; lead; nanostructures; pbohcl; template
       cache: cet-4104.pdf
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        item: #5773 of 7527
          id: cet-4105
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 3ADAMAKI_revised.docx
        date: 2016-06-16
       words: 2948
      flesch: 44
     summary: Thus, if Ga-ferrites are going to be used in various applications, there is strictly demanded not to overcome the temperature of 200⁰C. Figure 1: XRD diffractogram for pure magnetite samples (FeO∙Fe2O3). Figure 4: SEM image of pure magnetite sample.
    keywords: ferrite; iron; magnetic; magnetite; properties; samples; spinel
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        item: #5774 of 7527
          id: cet-4106
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 43poletti.docx
        date: 2016-03-11
       words: 3072
      flesch: 43
     summary: The nanostructure synthetized by two- step anodization show better performance than the one synthetized by simple anodization, achieving a photocurrent density of 0.079 mA cm-2 at 0.58 V vs. Ag/AgCl. This means that the sample synthetized by two- step anodization might be better photocatalyst for degradation of organic pollutants than the one anodized by simple anodization.
    keywords: anodization; degradation; hematite; nanostructures; nanotubes; pollutants; samples; step; step anodization; water
       cache: cet-4106.pdf
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        item: #5775 of 7527
          id: cet-4107
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 43poletti.docx
        date: 2016-03-11
       words: 4018
      flesch: 51
     summary: This demonstrates that the velocity of gel formation decreases with the increase of concentration of nano-particles. For investigation of the kinetics of gel formation with nano-particles and the diffusion transfer the spectroscopic method is used.
    keywords: density; diffusion; formation; gel; gels; light; nano; particles; solution; structure; transfer
       cache: cet-4107.pdf
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        item: #5776 of 7527
          id: cet-4108
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 43poletti.docx
        date: 2016-03-11
       words: 3341
      flesch: 43
     summary: Moreover, nickel electrodes have been early proposed for the degradation of several organic compounds such as amines and alcohols (Fleischmann et al.,1971) At nickel electrodes the commonly accepted mechanism for the formation of highly oxidation sites involves the hydroxylation of the nickel surface as follows: (Hutton et al., 2010): Ni +
    keywords: electrodes; figure; foams; nickel; oxidation; oxygen; phenol; surface
       cache: cet-4108.pdf
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        item: #5777 of 7527
          id: cet-4109
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 43poletti.docx
        date: 2016-03-11
       words: 3428
      flesch: 46
     summary: Introduction Among the broad spectrum of nanoscale materials being investigated for various environmental and biomedical applications, magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) have gained significant attention due to their interesting magnetic properties, which make them of great interest to researchers in magnetic fluids, catalysis, biotechnology/biomedicine, magnetic resonance imaging, data storage, and environmental remediation (Zhu et al., 2013). Zhao S.-Y., Lee D.K., Kim C.W., Cha H.G., Kim Y.H., Kang Y.S., 2006, Synthesis of magnetic nanoparticles of Fe3O4 and CoFe2O4 and their surface modification by surfactant adsorption, Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society, 27, 237-242.
    keywords: fe3o4; field; figure; magnetite; nanocomposites; nanoparticles; properties; temperature; wt%
       cache: cet-4109.pdf
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        item: #5778 of 7527
          id: cet-411
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 18patella.docx
        date: 2017-09-12
       words: 2285
      flesch: 52
     summary: In this perspective, TiO2 has been doped with nitrogen (N-TiO2) for exploiting also of the re-emitted radiation by phosphors. Subsequently, to permit a higher capture of the light emitted by phosphors the N-TiO2 photocatalysts was supported on phosphors materials by modified sol- gel method (N-TiO2/phophors).
    keywords: degradation; light; phosphors; tio2; zsp
       cache: cet-411.pdf
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        item: #5779 of 7527
          id: cet-4110
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 43poletti.docx
        date: 2016-03-11
       words: 3514
      flesch: 45
     summary: The wide band at 3330-3350 cm-1, corresponding to ν(OH) and ν(NH) in pristine MC, disappears in the spectra of nanostructures Figure 3 (a) and 4 (a), and that is strong evidence of coordination of MC molecules with magnetite surface via OH and NH groups of MC. The intense band at 1251 cm-1 (Ar-O-CH2) of MC Figure 3 (b) and 4 (b) is shifted to 1180 cm-1 region in the spectra of MC@Fe3O4@CTAX and disappears in the spectra of MC@Fe3O4@CTRIX.
    keywords: antibiotics; cefotaxime; ceftriaxone; figure; magnetite; mc@fe3o4@ctrix; nanoparticles; nanostructures; nps; spectra
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        item: #5780 of 7527
          id: cet-4111
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 43poletti.docx
        date: 2016-03-11
       words: 3107
      flesch: 39
     summary: (2012) prepared ordered structures of Mg(OH)2 nanoparticles by a slow injection of aqueous ammonia in a precursor solution of magnesium chloride under vigorous stirring, where 0.75% by weight of a suitable surfactant had been previously added to inhibit particles aggregation. A solid phase made of Mg(OH)2 nanoparticles is formed in the stirred vessel according to the following reaction: MgSO4 + 2 NaOH → Mg(OH)2 + Na2SO4 (1)
    keywords: chemical; figure; liquid; mg(oh)2; nanoparticles; naoh; phase; reactor; solution; vessel
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        item: #5781 of 7527
          id: cet-4112
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 43poletti.docx
        date: 2016-03-11
       words: 2963
      flesch: 52
     summary: DOI: 10.3303/CET1647021 Please cite this article as: Kisyelova T., Novruzova A., Hajiyeva F., Ramazanov M., Chianese A., 2016, Effect of the reactor configuration on the production of silver nanoparticles, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 47, 121-126 DOI: 10.3303/CET1647021 121 2.2 Characterization The images of the SNP samples have been obtained by a scanning electron microscopy (SEM, Jeol JSM-767 F). 2.3 Synthesis of silver nanoparticles The adopted recipe of the chemical synthesis is that proposed by Chee Meng Ng (2012).
    keywords: disc; nanoparticles; reactor; silver; size; snp; starch
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        item: #5782 of 7527
          id: cet-4113
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 43poletti.docx
        date: 2016-03-11
       words: 2777
      flesch: 40
     summary: The parameters selected at the end of the procedure for the deposition of optimized coatings are resumed in Table 3, together with the corresponding for conventional alumina-titania powders. Microstructural characterization of APS nanostructured coatings confirmed the presence of fully molten areas combined with unmolten particles still retaining their spherical morphology, and with elongated particles whose microstructure showed initial stages of grain growth and recrystallization processes.
    keywords: alumina; coatings; deposition; modulus; parameters; plasma; variation; wear
       cache: cet-4113.pdf
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        item: #5783 of 7527
          id: cet-4114
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 43poletti.docx
        date: 2016-03-11
       words: 2840
      flesch: 41
     summary: As regards the influence of UV-radiation, the results demonstrate that the sensitivity to UV radiation for kaolinite matrix materials increases as the estimated content of TiO2 up to 100 mg/g in presence of UV-irradiation, and up to 150 mg/g - in the presence of pre-activation, whereas the influence of ultraviolet on montmorillonite is noticeably lower. In this regard, the focus is on the creation of nanostructured coatings of TiO2 and selecting an optimal matrix for photocatalyst, which will be chemically and photochemically stable, and capable to capture of particles of the TiO2.That is why the selecting an optimal carrier for photocatalyst material is the one of the most promising directions in the study of this technology.
    keywords: adsorption; dioxide; kaolinite; materials; montmorillonite; results; samples; titanium
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        item: #5784 of 7527
          id: cet-4115
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 43poletti.docx
        date: 2016-03-11
       words: 2945
      flesch: 45
     summary: Reference Ahmad M.Z., Hashim H., Yunus N.A., Muis Z.A., 2015, Optimal solvent design for CO2 capture process, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 45, 1135-1140 Chavez R.-H., Guadarrama J.J., 2015, Numerical evaluation of co2 capture on post-combustion processes, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 45, 271-276 Fennell S.P., Pacciani R., Dennis J. S., Davidson J. F., Hayhurst A. N., 2007, The effects of repeated cycles of calcination and carbonation on a variety of different limestones, as measured in a hot fluidized bed of sand. Currently, the commercially available technique for CO2 capture is based on amine-scrubbing processes (Chavez et al., 2015).
    keywords: capture; co2; li4sio4; pellets; sorption; temperature
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        item: #5785 of 7527
          id: cet-4116
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 43poletti.docx
        date: 2016-03-11
       words: 3460
      flesch: 49
     summary: However, the absorption spectrum of these metal oxides is limited to ultraviolet region due to their large band gap and therefore efforts to activate Ni oxide and TiO2 for a visible light range have to be done. When Ni oxide is obtained from the related salt (N3 and N4 samples) a structure of microspheres consisting of interconnected nanoplates is obtained.
    keywords: figure; light; oxide; photo; sample; solution; tio2
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        item: #5786 of 7527
          id: cet-4117
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 43poletti.docx
        date: 2016-03-11
       words: 3373
      flesch: 44
     summary: 3. Conclusions The synthetic route applied in this work comprehensive of DTAB-assisted coprecipitation, 1h hydrothermal treatment at 120°C, followed by low temperature heat treatment (100 °C) demonstrated to be a cheap and effective method for copper ferrites magnetic nanoparticle synthesis. Zabihi F., Isfahani T.D., Hadi I., 2012, Hydrothermal synthesis of copper ferrite nanoparticles by sodium citrate synthetic process, Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Nanostructures (ICNS4) 1394-1396, 12-14 March, 2012, Kish Island, I.R. Iran.
    keywords: copper; ferrite; hydrothermal; sample; sintering; surface; synthesis; temperature; treatment
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        item: #5787 of 7527
          id: cet-4118
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 43poletti.docx
        date: 2016-03-11
       words: 3272
      flesch: 45
     summary: Various preparation methods are used to load WO3 species in TiO2 nanotubes, including hydrothermal synthesis (Kim et al., 2009) and sol–gel technique (Yang et al., 2010). In the present work we investigated the use of TiO2 nanotubes as a skeleton to develop WO3/TiO2 nanostructures.
    keywords: electrode; figure; nanotubes; oxidation; phenol; potential; tio2; wo3
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        item: #5788 of 7527
          id: cet-4119
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 43poletti.docx
        date: 2016-03-11
       words: 3256
      flesch: 56
     summary: I / A cm-2 b a Figure 2: Cyclic scan voltammogram of 1M LiCl (curve a) and 1M LiCl + 0.01M (NH4)6Mo7O24(curve b) in DMSO solution, at 25 mV/s scan rate. H2O in DMSO solution, at 25 mV/s scan rate.
    keywords: dmso; figure; film; licl; molybdate; molybdenum; solution; substrate; water
       cache: cet-4119.pdf
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        item: #5789 of 7527
          id: cet-412
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 18patella.docx
        date: 2017-09-12
       words: 3011
      flesch: 44
     summary: The degradation efficiency obtained using TiO2 nanotubes was higher than that obtained in presence of the coupled structure. In the present work we investigated the use of TiO2 nanotubes as a skeleton to develop WO3/TiO2 nanostructures.
    keywords: electrode; light; nanotubes; oxidation; potential; tio2; wo3
       cache: cet-412.pdf
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        item: #5790 of 7527
          id: cet-4120
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 43poletti.docx
        date: 2016-03-11
       words: 2674
      flesch: 55
     summary: We have found that graphene/Ni nanoparticles are active for chlordane removal through a two-step mechanism, involving chlordane degradation by Ni nanoparticles supported on graphene and subsequent adsorption of the degraded products by the graphene surface. Here we report on the chemical reactivity of graphene supported Ni nanoparticles, prepared by an one-step bottom-up chemical strategy in the presence of graphene nanosheets obtained by physical exfoliation of graphite.
    keywords: chlordane; figure; flg; graphene; nanoparticles
       cache: cet-4120.pdf
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        item: #5791 of 7527
          id: cet-4121
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 43poletti.docx
        date: 2016-03-11
       words: 3455
      flesch: 46
     summary: Cao, J., Elliott, D., Zhang, W.-X., 2005, Perchlorate reduction by nanoscale iron particles, J. Nanoparticle Res., 7, 499-506. Xu, X., Gao, B., Jin, B., Zhen, H., Wang, X., Dai, M., 2015, Study of microbial perchlorate reduction: Considering of multiple pH, electron acceptors and donors, (2015) J. Hazard.
    keywords: chlorine; gl-1; iron; nzvi; perchlorate; reduction; solution
       cache: cet-4121.pdf
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        item: #5792 of 7527
          id: cet-4122
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 43poletti.docx
        date: 2016-03-11
       words: 3522
      flesch: 55
     summary: CO2 captures are slightly increased when the CO2 concentration in the gas flow is increased (5 % -20 %) due to a displacement of the equilibrium towards CO2 capture, when the partial CO2 pressure increases. CO2 capture on the sorption sites by amine loading is believed to occur via chemisorption mechanism by formation of ammonium carbamate.
    keywords: adsorption; capture; co2; isotherms; materials; mcm-41; pei; samples; sba-15
       cache: cet-4122.pdf
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        item: #5793 of 7527
          id: cet-4123
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 43poletti.docx
        date: 2016-03-11
       words: 3014
      flesch: 55
     summary: ZSP phosphors emit in visible region when activated with UV light. The Figure 1 shows also the photoluminescence spectrum of ZSP phosphors.
    keywords: ebt; light; phosphors; photocatalytic; removal; zno; zsp
       cache: cet-4123.pdf
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        item: #5794 of 7527
          id: cet-4124
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 43poletti.docx
        date: 2016-03-11
       words: 2906
      flesch: 56
     summary: Conclusions In the paper the modifications of Smoluchowski and Becker-Döring kinetic equations for clusters aggregation with allowance for the age-dependent clusters properties have been submitted. The discrete interpretation for evolution of the concentration of the clusters with given order i is shown in Figure 1. Figure 1: Discrete scheme for evolution of the clusters concentrations Here 0iC is the concentration of clusters of i -th order at the initial moment; tΔ is the time step; ( ),0 tCi Δ ( ),20 tCi Δ ( )tCi Δ30 are the concentrations of i -th order clusters which were arisen at the moment (0) and which have been observed at moments tΔ , tΔ2 , tΔ3 ; ,IiC ( ),tC Ii Δ ( )tC Ii Δ2 are the similar denotations for i -th order clusters which were arisen at the moment ( tΔ ) and which have observed at subsequent moments, and etc.
    keywords: age; aggregation; clusters; equations; order; properties; time
       cache: cet-4124.pdf
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        item: #5795 of 7527
          id: cet-4125
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 43poletti.docx
        date: 2016-03-11
       words: 2790
      flesch: 52
     summary: In this study, TiO2 nanoparticles (NPs) and glass balls coated by an N-doped TiO2 nanostructured layer were used for photocatalytic degradation of organic compounds in aqueous solutions. This work reports the application of photocatalysis assisted by TiO2 nanoparticles and glass spheres coated by a nanostructured layer of titanium dioxide.
    keywords: degradation; glass; lamp; light; spheres; tio2
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        item: #5796 of 7527
          id: cet-4126
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 43poletti.docx
        date: 2016-03-11
       words: 2751
      flesch: 53
     summary: It was in fact reported that coating of nZVI by copper decreases the aggregation and agglomeration of nZVI and enhances the rate of nitrate reduction in aqueous solution (Vodyanitskii and Mineev, 2015). In the present study, the effect of various parameters, including the copper content in nano-Fe/Cu particles and initial concentration, on nitrate reduction was investigated.
    keywords: concentration; nanoparticles; nitrate; nzvi; reduction; solution
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        item: #5797 of 7527
          id: cet-4127
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 43poletti.docx
        date: 2016-03-11
       words: 2689
      flesch: 44
     summary: The obtainment, which is known from “Demeev et al. (2011, 2013) and Chulovskaya et al. (2006), of copper powders from inorganic aqueous electrolytes based on simple copper salts, which contain monohydric organic alcohols, allows to synthesize fine powders. Electrodeposition of copper powder was performed in galvanostatic mode in a temperature-controlled cell under constant stirring of the electrolyte.
    keywords: alcohol; composition; copper; current; electrolyte; powders; solution
       cache: cet-4127.pdf
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        item: #5798 of 7527
          id: cet-4128
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 43poletti.docx
        date: 2016-03-11
       words: 3022
      flesch: 51
     summary: Fluorides adsorption can be carried out utilizing various adsorbents such as fly ash (Chaturvedi et. Lavecchia R., Medici F., Piga L., Rinaldi G., Zuorro a., 2012, Fluoride removal from water by adsorption on a high alumina content bauxite, Chemical Engineering Transaction, 26, 225-230.
    keywords: adsorption; bauxite; breakthrough; column; fluoride; removal; tests; water
       cache: cet-4128.pdf
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        item: #5799 of 7527
          id: cet-4129
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 43poletti.docx
        date: 2016-03-11
       words: 2971
      flesch: 44
     summary: The MFC were operated in batch conditions and daily monitored by analysing the anodic solution in term of pH (by using pHmeter GLP21 Crison equipped by an electrode Ag/AgCl), TOC (by using TOC-analyzer Shimadzu), ammonium nitrogen (by using UDK 139- Velp), nitrite and nitrate ions (by using Dionex ICS-1100 Thermo Scientific). However, in the view of assessing nitrogen removal from wastewater, a possible solution is to allow the development of reductive pathway in the anodic cell, involving an initial partial ammonia oxidation to nitrite (Ciudad et al., 2005).
    keywords: ammonium; carbon; glucose; nitrogen; removal; toc; wastewater
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        item: #5800 of 7527
          id: cet-413
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 18patella.docx
        date: 2017-09-12
       words: 2448
      flesch: 57
     summary: This work focuses on the preparation and characterization from modified bentonite by DMSO and DMF. For modified bentonite the X-ray peak shifted to lower angles indicating increasing basal spacing.
    keywords: acid; adsorption; bentonite; dmf; dmso
       cache: cet-413.pdf
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        item: #5801 of 7527
          id: cet-4130
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 43poletti.docx
        date: 2016-03-11
       words: 3076
      flesch: 47
     summary: 2- ST-NA; 3- COM-I; 4 – COM- Figure 2: Schematic representation of bipyramid TiO2 nanocrysytals: left- only Ti atoms; right – oxygens layers 1 2 1 2 Figure 3: HRTEM images of individual nano- Figure 4: Aggregates of individual nanocrystals in TiO2 crystals in TiO2 materials: 1 - ST-TA; 2 - ST-NA; materials: 1 - ST-TA; 2 - ST-NA; 3 – COM-I; 4 -COM-II 3 – COM-I; 4 – COM-II Figure 5: Association spaces of nanocrystals in nanowires of ST-TA TiO2 material 231 Table 2: Exposure of [001] facets in TiO2 materials and rate constants of phenol mineralization in CWPO In other materials nanocrystals, aggregates did not show a specific orientation (Fig.4.2-4). Lazzeri M, Vittadini, Selloni A., 2001, Structure and energetics of stoichiometric TiO2 anatase surfaces, Phys.Rev. B 63, 155509-1-9.
    keywords: area; com; facets; materials; nanocrystals; surface; tio2
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        item: #5802 of 7527
          id: cet-4131
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 43poletti.docx
        date: 2016-03-11
       words: 3056
      flesch: 49
     summary: The limitation of the slurry process is that the N-TiO2 nanoparticles must be separated from the system after the treatment. The shifting of the absorption onset from about 530 nm (for N-TiO2) to about 610 nm (for N-TiO2/FM) is due to the absorption properties of FM indicating an additive effect of the specific band edges of N-TiO2 and FM on the N-TiO2/FM catalyst.
    keywords: fe3o4; light; nanoparticles; phenol; removal; tio2
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        item: #5803 of 7527
          id: cet-4132
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 43poletti.docx
        date: 2016-03-11
       words: 3668
      flesch: 30
     summary: DOI: 10.3303/CET1647041 Please cite this article as: Gomez-Pastora J., Bringas E., Ortiz I., 2016, Design of novel adsorption processes for the removal of arsenic from polluted groundwater employing functionalized magnetic nanoparticles, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 47, 241-246 DOI: 10.3303/CET1647041 241 However, arsenic adsorption on mineral surfaces could be affected or even suppressed, by the presence of competing ions typically found in groundwater, i.e. phosphate, silicate, nitrate, chloride, carbonate, and sulphate, due to their competition with the target compound to reach active adsorption sites and thus limiting the feasibility of the separation processes (Badruddoza et al., 2013). If kinetic phenomena are neglected, adsorption equilibrium, which depends on both the adsorbate/adsorbent characteristics and temperature, quantifies the maximum amount of the target species potentially collected by the solid and the thermodynamic behavior of the adsorption process.
    keywords: adsorption; arsenate; arsenic; equilibrium; l-1; material
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        item: #5804 of 7527
          id: cet-4133
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 43poletti.docx
        date: 2016-03-11
       words: 3026
      flesch: 55
     summary: In particular, the influence of operating conditions on membrane performance and catalytic activity of TiO2 particles was evaluated, concentrating on (1) the effect of permeate flux on the performance of submerged MF for TiO2 separation without UV irradiation and reaction; (2) the photocatalytic efficiency of hybrid photocatalysis – membrane process. The photocatalysis – membrane process was obtained with 25 % – 33 % higher permeability compared to process of MF alone.
    keywords: cake; catalyst; flux; membrane; particles; permeate; process; tio2
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        item: #5805 of 7527
          id: cet-4134
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 43poletti.docx
        date: 2016-03-11
       words: 3626
      flesch: 55
     summary: Caetano et al. studied phenol adsorption onto AuRix 100 (weak base anion exchange resin) and Dowex XZ (strong anion exchange resin) for initial phenol concentrations in the range 5-2000 mg L-1. Ku et al. investigated phenol removal from aqueous solutions by using Purolite A-510 resin in the chloride form and found that phenol removal increased steadily with increasing pH
    keywords: adsorption; anion; base; concentration; exchange; phenol; removal; resin
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        item: #5806 of 7527
          id: cet-4135
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 43poletti.docx
        date: 2016-03-11
       words: 2858
      flesch: 59
     summary: We have studied the cleaning of dried starch adhered to stainless-steel fibers using alkaline solutions, surfactants and ozone in the presence of Al2O3 and TiO2 nanoparticles. At buffer pH=13, the use of ozone in the cleaning process allowed to obtain substantial improvements in the washing of dried starch adhered on steel surfaces.
    keywords: al2o3; cleaning; detergency; nanoparticles; ozone; starch; steel; tio2
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        item: #5807 of 7527
          id: cet-4136
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 43poletti.docx
        date: 2016-03-11
       words: 3031
      flesch: 58
     summary: Under these conditions, uranium removal strongly depends on the presence of DO, decreasing with increasing DO. Future Technology <nanoiron.cz> accessed 16.10.2015. Noubactep C., Schöner A., Meinrat G., 2006, Mechanism of uranium removal from the aqueous solution by elemental iron, J. Hazard.
    keywords: figure; iron; l-1; nzvi; removal; uranium
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        item: #5808 of 7527
          id: cet-4137
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 43poletti.docx
        date: 2016-03-11
       words: 3295
      flesch: 47
     summary: The present analysis compare different porous media structures and highlights the role played by the geometry of the medium on the physics of the problem. Introduction The investigation of transport and deposition of colloidal particles in porous media is a key factor in several fields, from environmental engineering to medicine.
    keywords: concentration; deposition; efficiency; media; transport
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        item: #5809 of 7527
          id: cet-4138
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 43poletti.docx
        date: 2016-03-11
       words: 3897
      flesch: 60
     summary: As shown in Fig. 1, iron ions IE removal efficiency increased with an increase in the pH value up 4 but it can be observed that higher pH values led to lower IE efficiency. 3. Results and discussion 3.1 Fixed-bed column studies The influence of the inlet value (pH0) on iron IE efficiency is reported in Fig.
    keywords: breakthrough; column; concentration; exchange; inlet; iron; model; process; resin
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        item: #5810 of 7527
          id: cet-4139
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 43poletti.docx
        date: 2016-03-11
       words: 2634
      flesch: 50
     summary: The influence of initial glucose concentration, catalyst dosage, and light source has been evaluated. Fisciano (SA), Italy b Department of Civil Engineering, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 132, 84084 Fisciano (SA) Italy giiervolino@unisa.it The aim of this work was to evaluate the influence of operating conditions in the photocatalytic hydrogen production from glucose solution on LaFeO3 nanoparticles under UV and visible through light-emitting diodes (LEDs).
    keywords: concentration; figure; glucose; hydrogen; lafeo3; light; photocatalytic; production; solution
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        item: #5811 of 7527
          id: cet-414
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 18patella.docx
        date: 2017-09-12
       words: 4142
      flesch: 53
     summary: The activity and stability of nickel catalyst in CO2 methanation, as well as for the dry-reforming of methane, vary significantly with support materials, promoters and preparation methods (Frontera et al., 2011; Frontera et al., 2017). Lu H., Yang X., Gao G., Wang J., Han C., Liang X., Li C., Li Y., Zhang W., Chen X., 2016, Metal (Fe, Co, Ce or La) doped nickel catalyst supported on ZrO2 modified mesoporous clays for CO and CO2 methanation, Fuel, 183, 335-344.
    keywords: catalysts; co2; gdc; metal; methanation; nickel; reforming; support
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        item: #5812 of 7527
          id: cet-4140
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 43poletti.docx
        date: 2016-03-11
       words: 3341
      flesch: 55
     summary: 3.2 Effect of soil organic matter on Cr(VI) reduction It was observed that only a slight decrease (about 12%) in the amount of Cr(VI) in the soils S2 occurred after 2 hours of treatment by the nZVI (x25) reducing solution. Such compounds are released by organisms or are produced during the decomposition of larger biopolymers and can alter chemical processes in soils through complexation with metal ions in solution and ligand exchange reactions at soil surfaces (Gonzini et al., 2010).
    keywords: cr(vi; iron; matter; metals; nzvi; organic; presence; reduction; soil
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        item: #5813 of 7527
          id: cet-4141
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 71 DEF Lavecchia Medici Patterer Zuorro.doc
        date: 2016-03-28
       words: 2626
      flesch: 54
     summary: One g of any ground adsorbent was contacted with 100 mL of 10 mg L–1 lead solution for 3 h under agitation of 300 rpm. Figure 2: Lead concentration decay curves Figure 3: Langmuir plot for lead adsorption on SCG 298 Figure 4: Freundlich plot for lead adsorption on SCG Figure 5: D-R plot for lead adsorption on SCG Figure 6: Comparison of adsorption model responses for lead adsorption on SCG Based on these results, it can therefore be inferred that lead adsorption on SCG is well described by the Langmuir model.
    keywords: adsorption; coffee; italy; lavecchia; lead; removal; scg; water
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        item: #5814 of 7527
          id: cet-4142
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 43poletti.docx
        date: 2016-03-11
       words: 3207
      flesch: 36
     summary: Nevertheless, we notice that the conversion in the present case study, with or without TiO2 annealing, is acceptable but significantly lower than expected when compared to the yield of the same photocatalyst in degrading dyes (Zhang et al., 2007), or other organic compounds. The plots have been interpolated with a linear fitting, according to the well-known simplified Langmuir-Hinshelwood kinetic law (Kumar et al., 2008): KC KCk dt dC r + −= 1 (1) where C is lactose concentration, kr is the maximum asymptotic reaction kinetics for C→∞, K is the equilibrium constant for lactose adsorption on solid substrate, and t is time.
    keywords: annealing; chemical; electron; et al; figure; lactose; process; surface; tio2; titania
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        item: #5815 of 7527
          id: cet-4143
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 43poletti.docx
        date: 2016-03-11
       words: 4012
      flesch: 59
     summary: For example, Lin and coworkers produced graphene-metal NPs based hydrogels for several applications such as formic acid oxidation (Zhang et al., 2011) and sensoring for organophosphate pesticide (Wang et al., 2011). In this report, we present the formation of GO based macromolecular hydrogels in the presence of spermine (N,N′-Bis(3-aminopropyl)-1,4-diaminobutane, C10H26N4) and the in situ simultaneous reduction of GO and formation of silver (Ag) nanoparticles by a ‘green’ approach with vitamin C (L-ascorbic acid).
    keywords: catalyst; graphene; groups; hydrogels; oxide; spermine; water
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        item: #5816 of 7527
          id: cet-4144
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 43poletti.docx
        date: 2016-03-11
       words: 2772
      flesch: 43
     summary: To overcome these disadvantages, magnetic solid-phase extraction (MSPE), a novel form of SPE, has been developed, based on the use of magnetic nanoparticles (Liu et al., 2012). The separation efficiency of the proposed method was compared with the extraction efficiencies of other magnetic materials including Fe3O4/C (Zhang et al., 2010a), C10–C18 carboxylates DOI: 10.3303/CET1647053 Please cite this article as: Sarno M., Ponticorvo E., Cirillo C., Ciambelli P., 2016, Magnetic nanoparticles for pahs solid phase extraction, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 47, 313-318 DOI: 10.3303/CET1647053 313 (Ballesteros-Gòmez et al., 2009), Fe3O4–C18 (Zhang et al., 2010b), Fe3O4-MPNP (Zhang et al., 2012a), Fe3O4/PC (Zhang et al., 2012b), Fe3O4/PDA (Wang et al., 2013a), Fe3O4@SiO2-G (Wang et al., 2013b), in terms of amount of sorbent, extraction time, loading volume, Limit of detection (LOD), etc.. In particular, lower amount of TBCD-functionalized MNPs sorbent, that is able to work in a very short time, was needed if compared with other sorbents (Ballesteros-Gòmez et al., 2009; Zhang et al., 2010b; Zhang et al., 2012a; Zhang et al., 2012b).
    keywords: cm-1; extraction; fe3o4@oa; nanoparticles; pahs; tbcd; water
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        item: #5817 of 7527
          id: cet-4145
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 43poletti.docx
        date: 2016-03-11
       words: 4400
      flesch: 50
     summary: It does not require an DOI: 10.3303/CET1647054 Please cite this article as: Sarno M., Troisi A., Scudieri C., Ciambelli P., 2016, Synthesis and functionalization of carbon nanotubes and graphene based supercapacitor for arsenic removal and water desalination: a comparison, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 47, 319-324 DOI: 10.3303/CET1647054 319 installation of a large, heavy and expensive high pressure system. In this paper, we report a systematic comparison of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and graphene oxide (GO) adsorption and desalination efficiency at different oxidation level under electrochemical conditions.
    keywords: carbon; cntf; cntftt; desalination; figure; nanotubes; sec; water
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        item: #5818 of 7527
          id: cet-4146
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 43poletti.docx
        date: 2016-03-11
       words: 3048
      flesch: 42
     summary: The present work investigates the application of a new nano-adsorbent for arsenic removal from water. The most commonly used technologies are: oxidation, co-precipitation followed by adsorption onto coagulated flocks, lime treatment, ion exchange, adsorption onto various solid media and membrane filtration (Choong et al., DOI: 10.3303/CET1647055 Please cite this article as: Chiavola A., D Amato E., Stoller M., Chianese A., Boni M.R., 2016, Application of iron-based nanoparticles as adsorbents for arsenic removal from water, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 47, 325-330 DOI: 10.3303/CET1647055 325 2007).
    keywords: adsorption; arsenic; chemical; concentration; iron; nanoparticles; removal; solution; water
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        item: #5819 of 7527
          id: cet-4147
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 43poletti.docx
        date: 2016-03-11
       words: 3204
      flesch: 46
     summary: However, the adsorption process efficiency may significantly vary, depending on many factors among which the type of adsorbent media plays a key role. Table 1: Tested adsorbent media and their main properties Media Composition Average grain size
    keywords: adsorbent; adsorption; al2o3; alumina; arsenic; media; removal; titanium; water
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        item: #5820 of 7527
          id: cet-4148
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 43poletti.docx
        date: 2016-03-11
       words: 3211
      flesch: 43
     summary: 4. Conclusions The main objective of the present work was the investigation of phenolic compounds recovery from OMW. OMW is a by-product characterized by the very high concentration of organics and phenolic compounds rendering its biodegradability very difficult.
    keywords: compounds; crystallization; glucose; olive; omw; tyrosol
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        item: #5821 of 7527
          id: cet-4149
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 43poletti.docx
        date: 2016-03-11
       words: 3114
      flesch: 51
     summary: Table 2: Catalyst separation using OSN RRh The organic solvent nanofiltration is a sustainable unit operation, which ensures catalyst separation at low energy demands on the one hand and prevents Rh contamination of the environment on the other.
    keywords: catalyst; figure; membrane; nanofiltration; process; reaction; recovery; separation; solvent
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        item: #5822 of 7527
          id: cet-415
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 18patella.docx
        date: 2017-09-12
       words: 3208
      flesch: 54
     summary: Anyway, for all the doped photocatalysts it was found an improvement in photocatalytic hydrogen production compared to the value obtained with the undoped LaFeO3. Photocatalytic hydrogen production over nanostructured mesoporous titania from olive mill wastewater.
    keywords: glucose; hydrogen; lafeo3; photocatalysts; photocatalytic; production; solution
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        item: #5823 of 7527
          id: cet-4150
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 43poletti.docx
        date: 2016-03-11
       words: 4267
      flesch: 50
     summary: In particular, in the activity range from 0 to 0.5, the curves representing pure MFC and the 50-50 MFC/PVAm cured blend are substantially overlapping, while higher values of water absorption should be expected for the latter in view of higher PVAm water uptake with respect to MFC. Unfortunately, indeed, when the materials show a relevant increase of water uptake, which is at the highest activity inspected, the increase in permeability is accompanied by a substantial decrease in selectivity, which slowly bring the membranes below the trade-off curves of the 2008 Robeson’s plot.
    keywords: co2; gas; humidity; material; membrane; mfc; permeability; pvam; separation; water
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        item: #5824 of 7527
          id: cet-4151
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 43poletti.docx
        date: 2016-03-11
       words: 3208
      flesch: 52
     summary: Geometrical data were derived from existing spiral wound membrane modules typically employed in Reverse Osmosis. Aim of this work is to investigate the performance of PRO modules arranged in series via a purposely developed process model based on transport and balance equations.
    keywords: brine; membrane; power; pressure; solution; water
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        item: #5825 of 7527
          id: cet-4152
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 43poletti.docx
        date: 2016-03-11
       words: 2512
      flesch: 51
     summary: 2.5 Ion Chromatography To quantify transported ions across ion exchange membranes, Metrohm 861 Advanced Compact Ion Chromatograph was used. Increasing Mg2+ concentration resulted in a remarkable decrease of Pd and open circuit voltage (OCV), and in a significant increase in stack resistance Rstack.
    keywords: energy; figure; membrane; mgcl2; power; resistance; solutions
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        item: #5826 of 7527
          id: cet-4153
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 43poletti.docx
        date: 2016-03-11
       words: 3246
      flesch: 42
     summary: In this work, we explored how catalytic membrane reactors can be used to intensify a catalytic process from batch conditions to continuous flow production. Most reported catalytic membranes are based on inorganic materials due to their high resistance (Julbe et al. 2001).
    keywords: catalytic; flow; hydrogenation; membrane; nanoparticles; palladium; reaction; reactor; system
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        item: #5827 of 7527
          id: cet-4154
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 43poletti.docx
        date: 2016-03-11
       words: 2287
      flesch: 44
     summary: It was found that depositing nanoparticles on membrane macrostructure increased membrane roughness from 126 nm to 160 nm (and accordingly the water contact angle from 139° to 154°), leading to increasing liquid repelling property of the coated membranes. In general, the roughness parameters of original membranes became higher when they were coated with nanoparticles.
    keywords: angle; contact; distillation; feed; membrane; permeate; roughness; wetting
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        item: #5828 of 7527
          id: cet-4155
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 43poletti.docx
        date: 2016-03-11
       words: 3390
      flesch: 50
     summary: Table 1: Technical specification of the AFC 80 and AFC 40 membranes Membranes structural parameters AFC 80 AFC 40 Data origin Membrane type Thin-film composite, tubular configuration Supplier Material Aromatic polyamide skin layer on polysulfone substrate Supplier NaCl rejection (%) 80 a ~60%b aSupplier; b(Deon et al., 2012) NF membranes allow passage of dissolved molecules with molecular weight less than 200-1000 Da and of some salts, rejecting the other ones.
    keywords: afc; feed; ions; lead; membrane; rejection; solutions
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        item: #5829 of 7527
          id: cet-4156
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 43poletti.docx
        date: 2016-03-11
       words: 3140
      flesch: 48
     summary: DOI: 10.3303/CET1647065 Please cite this article as: Stoller M., 2016, About the validation of advanced membrane process control systems in wastewater treatment applications, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 47, 385-390 DOI: 10.3303/CET1647065 385 The latter case is, in case of wastewater treatment, the most common one. Nowadays membrane processes are controlled by a constant permeate flow rate or constant applied operating pressure.
    keywords: control; flux; fouling; membrane; process; set; stoller; system
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        item: #5830 of 7527
          id: cet-4157
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 43poletti.docx
        date: 2016-03-11
       words: 3824
      flesch: 52
     summary: Therefore, the optimal operation of membrane processes should be targeted to attain only a reversible fouling in order to ensure constant performances over a long period of time, without any run stop Stoller and Chianese, 2006). The boundary flux model can help the successful design and control of membrane processes inhibiting irreversible fouling issues.
    keywords: costs; flux; fouling; membrane; processes; stoller; threshold; treatment; wastewater
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        item: #5831 of 7527
          id: cet-4158
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 43poletti.docx
        date: 2016-03-11
       words: 3905
      flesch: 53
     summary: Some years later these Authors also proved it empirically for ultrafiltration (UF) and NF membranes (Bacchin et al., 2006; Field and Pearce, 2011). In this sense, OMW2 contains high concentrations of a wide range of solutes in the form of suspended solids and colloidal particles which are all very prone to cause membrane fouling, such as organic pollutants comprising phenolic compounds, organic acids, tannins and organohalogenated contaminants, as well as inorganic matter.
    keywords: flux; fouling; membrane; ochando; olive; omw2st; operating; permeate; wastewater
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        item: #5832 of 7527
          id: cet-4159
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 43poletti.docx
        date: 2016-03-11
       words: 3451
      flesch: 52
     summary: In this sense, OMW2 contains high concentrations of a wide range of solutes in the form of suspended solids and colloidal particles which are all very prone to cause membrane fouling, such as organic pollutants comprising phenolic compounds, organic acids, tannins and organohalogenated contaminants, as well as inorganic matter. On the effect of flocculation as pretreatment process and particle size distribution for membrane fouling reduction.
    keywords: bar; flux; fouling; membrane; olive; ptm; stoller; threshold
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        item: #5833 of 7527
          id: cet-416
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 18patella.docx
        date: 2017-09-12
       words: 2582
      flesch: 47
     summary: Photocatalytic process, realized by application of titanium dioxide nanoparticles, has been carried in various time and temperature regimes in UV-reactor. Titanium dioxide nanoparticles are very sensitive to the visible spectrum of light and, especially, towards ultraviolet radiations (Jin et al. 2013, Nishizawa et al. 2014, Kaneko et al. 2014).
    keywords: dioxide; doi; ethylene; nanoparticles; photocatalytic; process; tio2; titanium
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        item: #5834 of 7527
          id: cet-4160
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 43poletti.docx
        date: 2016-03-11
       words: 3367
      flesch: 49
     summary: In the last decade, membrane processes have gained a main role to seek for a viable process to treat olive mill wastewater streams due to their capability to eliminate almost all of the pollutants in the water. Nowadays, proper membrane process design can be a difficult task to accomplish when fouling is present and must be considered.
    keywords: flux; fouling; membrane; olive; omw; process; stoller; treatment; wastewater
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        item: #5835 of 7527
          id: cet-4161
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 43poletti.docx
        date: 2016-03-11
       words: 2985
      flesch: 49
     summary: Table 1: Thickness, Water Uptake of Membranes 4.3 MEA Measurement As it can be seen in Figure 4, the membrane electrode assemblies manufactured from hybrid membranes showed similar behaviour. 200 400 600 800 0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 V o lta g e ( V ) Current density mA·cm-2 N-TiO2 N-ZrO2 N-YSZ 0 50 100 150 200 250 P o w e r d e n si ty /m W ·c m -2 Figure 4: Polarization and power density curves of hybrid membranes Nafion based, Nafion-ZrO2 (3%), Nafion-ZrO2 (1.5%) -TiO2 (1.5 %), Nafion-YSZ (3%) and Nafion-TiO2 (3%)
    keywords: fuel; hybrid; membranes; nafion; nanoparticles; tio2; uptake; water; ysz; zro2
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        item: #5836 of 7527
          id: cet-4162
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 43poletti.docx
        date: 2016-03-11
       words: 2353
      flesch: 34
     summary: Rende (CS) Italy e.curcio@unical.it Membrane crystallization is today recognized as an innovative and efficient method for enhancing crystallization of biomolecules, allowing the production of crystals with controlled shape, size distribution, and polymorphism. The development of membranes having ordered structures and tailored surface properties is, therefore, a key issue in order to fully exploit the potential of membrane crystallization.
    keywords: crystallization; form; membrane; nucleation; profio; surface
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        item: #5837 of 7527
          id: cet-4163
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 43poletti.docx
        date: 2016-03-11
       words: 2781
      flesch: 47
     summary: Although the chosen surfactants didn’t have obviously effect on preventing particle growth or enhancing particles stability, Tween 80 show clear effect on the morphology of cefmenoxime hydrochloride particles. Although the addition of stabilizers don’t show an effective effect on preventing particle growth or enhancing particles stability, they have effect on the morphology of the particles, especially for Tween 80.
    keywords: cefmenoxime; crystallization; hydrochloride; morphology; particles; products; rate; solvent
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        item: #5838 of 7527
          id: cet-4164
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 43poletti.docx
        date: 2016-03-11
       words: 4130
      flesch: 48
     summary: Two mechanisms can be considered for trapping particles in water samples. The procedure for collecting combustion- generated particles in water and eliminating volatiles by rotary evaporation or nitrogen purging offers a way of dispersing particles in water suspensions without the use of filters.
    keywords: cells; combustion; concentration; cooking; flame; gas; nanoparticles; order; particles; pot; size; water
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        item: #5839 of 7527
          id: cet-4165
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 43poletti.docx
        date: 2016-03-11
       words: 2753
      flesch: 52
     summary: Those peaks clearly show that carbon growth occurs together with titania nanoparticles synthesis when particles are produce in Flame_1.73 conditions. The aim of this study was to produce by flame synthesis and to characterize pure titania nanopowder and carbon-titania nanopowder for cosmetic applications, in order to investigate the possible reduced health effects in terms of ROS production given by the addition of carbon to titania nanopowder.
    keywords: carbon; conditions; flame; flame_1.73; nanoparticles; nanopowder; phase; ros; tio2; titania
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        item: #5840 of 7527
          id: cet-4166
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 43poletti.docx
        date: 2016-03-11
       words: 2290
      flesch: 51
     summary: Peak pressure of leading shock front of detonation with different concentration 3.3 Simulation of suspended nanometer aluminum dust detonation Suspended Nano aluminum dust detonation is numerically simulated. Besides the temperature, other parameters are almost same as the parameters of CJ point of aluminum dust detonation of 1.7μm.
    keywords: aluminum; detonation; dust; particles; pressure
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        item: #5841 of 7527
          id: cet-4167
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 43poletti.docx
        date: 2016-03-11
       words: 2449
      flesch: 40
     summary: Fixed-bed experiments were performed to obtain equilibrium and kinetic data for IPA adsorption. Table 1: Operative conditions of IPA adsorption runs (T=30 °C, F=0.49 L/min) C0 Mads Bed length KLDF mol/m3 g m s-1 A 0.397 8 11.9 2.51E-04 B 0.363 4 6.5 2.34E-04 C 0.554 4 6.1 3.21E-04 D 0.963 8 11.5 5.61E-04 3.2 Adsorption column dynamics
    keywords: adsorption; carbon; data; equilibrium; gas; ipa
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        item: #5842 of 7527
          id: cet-4168
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 43poletti.docx
        date: 2016-03-11
       words: 3371
      flesch: 29
     summary: In increase experiments, polymerization started at 140 mW/cm2, and after an stablished time UV light intensity was suddenly increased to 700 mW/cm2, and maintained at that value until the polymerization was completed. In decrease experiments, UV light intensity was decreased from 700 to 140 MW/cm2, starting from a few seconds after the onset of gelation (400 seconds) and increaseng the moment of the disturbance in 100 seconds.
    keywords: hydrogels; intensity; light; microalgae; photopolymerization; pore; size; time
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        item: #5843 of 7527
          id: cet-4169
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 43poletti.docx
        date: 2016-03-11
       words: 2564
      flesch: 52
     summary: According to the National Biofuels Federation of Colombia Fedebiocombustibles in 2014 the country produced over 518,452 Tons of biodiesel, however its production has a major drawback: glycerol which it is a byproduct of the transesterification (with a production ratio 1:10), therefore for the Colombian case it had produced about 51,845 Tons of crude glycerol during 2014. Is worth noting that crude glycerol was completely consumed by C.vulgaris in all treatments, proving its viability as a carbon source.
    keywords: carbohydrates; concentration; glycerol; nitrogen; production; proteins
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        item: #5844 of 7527
          id: cet-417
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 18patella.docx
        date: 2017-09-12
       words: 3698
      flesch: 51
     summary: Regarding this, the main handicap of this technology is inevitably membrane fouling. In this sense, OMW2 contains high concentrations of a wide range of solutes in the form of suspended solids and colloidal particles which are all very prone to cause membrane fouling, such as organic pollutants comprising phenolic compounds, organic acids, tannins and organohalogenated contaminants, as well as inorganic matter.
    keywords: fouling; membrane; mill; olive; omw; operating; stoller; treatment; wastewater
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        item: #5845 of 7527
          id: cet-4170
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - cet-01.docx
        date: 2016-01-07
       words: 3317
      flesch: 46
     summary: Through semantic quantitative survey of clothing material samples, and using BP neural network, the images and feelings characteristics of clothing material can be modeled. The paper puts forward the methods of designing the texture of the clothing material, investigates the customer’s sensory feelings of the material, and discovers the way to express emotions through clothing design.
    keywords: algorithm; clothing; clothing material; design; engineering; gene; image; material; texture
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        item: #5846 of 7527
          id: cet-4171
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - cet-01.docx
        date: 2016-01-07
       words: 3597
      flesch: 11
     summary: As one of the commonest close-fitting clothing, at present, the existed researches about socks mainly focused on the pressure comfort of the top part of sock at home and abroad, and the study of thermal-wet comfort of sock was relatively less, therefore, it was necessary to study the thermal -wet comfort of sock(Dan et al (2011)). References Cannistraro G., Cannistraro M., Restivo R., 2015, Some observations on the radiative exchanges influence on thermal comfort in rectangular open-space environments, International Journal of Heat and Technology, 33(2), 79-84, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.18280/ijht.330213 Dan R., Fan X.R., Chen D.S., 2011, Study on dynamic pressure and displacement at top part of men's socks using FEM, Journal of Textile Research, 32(11), 106-112, DOI: 10.13475/j.fzxb.2011.11.013 Dan R., Fan X.R., Chen D.S., 2011, Study on pressure at top part of man’s socks using finite element method, Journal of Textile Research, 32(1), 105-110, DOI: 10.13475/j.fzxb.2011.01.020 Hassan A.R., Gbadeyan J.A., 2015, A reactive hydromagnetic internal heat generating fluid flow through a channel, International Journal of Heat and Technology, 33(3), 43-50, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.18280/ijht.330306 Huang S.P., Ma C.Q., Zhou H.S., 2009, Model of thermal and moisture comfort evaluation of bamboo fiber fabric based on grey correlation degree, Journal of Textile Research, 30(9), 33-36, DOI: 10.13475/j.fzxb.2009.09.008 Kong L.J., Yan X., 2007, Application of gray system theory in evaluation of thermal and moisture comfort of bast fiber fabrics, Journal of Textile Research, 28(4), 41-44, DOI: 10.13475/j.fzxb.2007.04.012 Loganathan P., Sivapoornapriya C., 2015, Unsteady heat and mass transfer effects on an impulsively started infinite vertical plate in the presence of porous medium, International Journal of Heat and Technology, 33(2), 69-74, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.18280/ijht.330211 Meng X.l., Zhang W.Y., 2006, Progress of study on pressure comfort of clothing, Journal of Textile Research, 27(7), 109-112, DOI: 10.13475/
    keywords: comfort; fiber; moisture; permeability; sock; thermal; women
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        item: #5847 of 7527
          id: cet-4172
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - cet-01.docx
        date: 2016-01-07
       words: 2852
      flesch: 57
     summary: 14 2.3 The selection of spectral peak sections A, B, C, D, E For the CO2 flow time spectrum after smoothing, we determine the mean valve  and mean square deviation  . The processing results of the measured data showed that the effect of the selecting methods of background spectrum on the interpretation results of interpretation model is very small and the interpretation accuracy is higher than the one of the existing model.
    keywords: flow; interpretation; model; peak; spectrum; time
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        item: #5848 of 7527
          id: cet-4173
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - cet-01.docx
        date: 2016-01-07
       words: 3119
      flesch: 46
     summary: It can be assumed that cordycepin production is linked to the development of aerial hyphae and conidiophores by analyzing the results of kinetics and morphology of C. militaris fermentation. The specific growth rate and production rate were DOI: 10.3303/CET1546004 Please cite this article as: Tang J.P., Qian Z.Q., Zhu L., 2015, Two-step shake-static fermentation to enhance cordycepin production by cordyceps militaris, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 46, 19-24 DOI:10.3303/CET1546004 19 calculated on C. militaris fermentation in order to obtain useful information for large-scale production of secondary metabolites by the bioprocess.
    keywords: cordycepin; doi; fermentation; militaris; mycelia; production
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        item: #5849 of 7527
          id: cet-4174
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - cet-01.docx
        date: 2016-01-07
       words: 3409
      flesch: 54
     summary: This paper aims to understand the chemical properties of bamboo pulp fiber, and to provide a theoretical basis for developing bamboo pulp fiber fabric. The chemical agent resistance ability of bamboo pulp fiber is therefore researched through analyzing and comparing the dissolution of the fiber at different concentrations and different temperatures of the chemical reagents.
    keywords: acid; bamboo; bamboo fiber; bamboo pulp; fiber; pulp; pulp fiber; resistance; viscose
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        item: #5850 of 7527
          id: cet-4175
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - cet-01.docx
        date: 2016-01-07
       words: 4261
      flesch: 44
     summary: Under anaerobic growth conditions, 3-HB production was more effective and 0.47 g 3-HB/g glucose was produced compared with 0.32 g 3-HB/g glucose obtained from an aerobic process (Liu et al. 2007). Next, 3-HB, 3-HBME and 3-HBEE (3- hydroxybutyrate ethyl ester) were evaluated for their ability to stimulate metabolic activity of neuroglial cells (Zou et al. 2009).
    keywords: acid; cell; chen; coli; doi; hydroxybutyrate; monomers; oxidative; pha; phb; production
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        item: #5851 of 7527
          id: cet-4176
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - cet-01.docx
        date: 2016-01-07
       words: 3759
      flesch: 35
     summary: when the movement, so the study of abrasion resistance of fabric of women's knee high sock can help us to choose appropriate women's knee high sock correctly. Knee high sock covers foot and leg, not only can keep foot temperature, but also can modify leg form.
    keywords: fiber; knee; permeability; polyester; sock; women
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        item: #5852 of 7527
          id: cet-4177
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - cet-01.docx
        date: 2016-01-07
       words: 3067
      flesch: 47
     summary: (S)- dehydroabietylamine, a cheap chiral amine, was selected as resolution chemical and (S)-methyl 2-hydroxy-3- methoxy-3, 3-diphenylpropanoate (6) was obtained through chiral resolution (Amberg et al,1999; Bolchi et al, 2007; Guo et al, 2007). Bolchi C., Pallavicini M., Fumagalli L., et al, 2007, Resolution of 2-substituted 1, 4- benzodioxanes by entrainment, Tetrahedron: Asymmetry, 18(9), 1038-1041, DOI:10.1016/j.tetasy.2007.04.026.
    keywords: compound; et al; methyl; reaction; solution; synthesis
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        item: #5853 of 7527
          id: cet-4178
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - cet-01.docx
        date: 2016-01-07
       words: 2646
      flesch: 50
     summary: Producing no harmful impact on humans, chlorine dioxide is classified as a disinfectant of A1 safety class by the World Health Organization. Xi (2012) studied the disinfection effect using chlorine dioxide in public space.
    keywords: acid; chlorine; concentration; dioxide; rate; reaction; sodium
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        item: #5854 of 7527
          id: cet-4179
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - cet-01.docx
        date: 2016-01-07
       words: 2935
      flesch: 51
     summary: The reason is that with higher content of nano SiC particles, there will be more SiC particles transported to the cathode in unit time, leading to higher probability of SiC particles being adsorbed and higher probability of SiC particles entering the coating[10]. Result and discussion 3.1 XRD 3.1.1 Effect of temperature on the composite coating Figure 1: X-ray diffraction spectrum of nano zinc-doped silicon carbide composite coating of different temperatures In Figure 2, the XRD spectra of zinc doped nano SiC composite coatings were expressed at different temperatures.
    keywords: coating; content; figure; nano; particles; plating; sic; solution
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        item: #5855 of 7527
          id: cet-418
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 18patella.docx
        date: 2017-09-12
       words: 3719
      flesch: 60
     summary: Figure 1: Top view of Nafen membrane before (a) and after (b) deposition of carbon by CVD method. The samples with and without deposited carbon will be referred to as C–Nafen membrane and Nafen membrane, respectively.
    keywords: carbon; charge; ion; membrane; nafen; potential
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        item: #5856 of 7527
          id: cet-4180
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - cet-01.docx
        date: 2016-01-07
       words: 3383
      flesch: 53
     summary: According to the foaming process of foamed gel with fly ash, the foaming agent is one of the key factors of forming foamed gel. Moreover, D/Max-3B x-ray diffractometer and Bruker (Veeco) atomic force microscope are adopted to carry out studies on the foaming reasons of fly ash slurry and the crosslinking mechanism of compounding between thickener and crosslinker so as to provide a reference for the appl ication of foamed gel with fly ash in preventing and extinguishing fire.
    keywords: ash; coal; crosslinker; fly; foamed; foaming; foams; gel; thickener
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        item: #5857 of 7527
          id: cet-4181
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - cet-01.docx
        date: 2016-01-07
       words: 3366
      flesch: 56
     summary: 375 mg·kg-1·d-1 oral) and vitamin D3 50 U/kg per day oral; GC+ low dose RRP group were treated with glucocoroticoids plus PPR (4 ml·kg-1·d-1 oral); GC+ high dose RRP group were treated with glucocoroticoids plus PPR (7.5 ml·kg-1·d-1oral). low dose RRP group was given methylprednisolone by intraperitoneal injection, plus RRP (at a dose of 4 ml·kg-1·d-1 oral); 6) GC+high dose RRP group was given methylprednisolone by intraperitoneal injection, plus RRP (at a dose of 7.5 ml·kg-1·d-1 oral).Methylprednisolone was given for 3 days, stop for a week, intraperitoneal injection once a week according to the plan.
    keywords: bone; con; dose; gio; glucocorticoid; group; osteoporosis; p<0.05; rats; rrp
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        item: #5858 of 7527
          id: cet-4182
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - cet-01.docx
        date: 2016-01-07
       words: 3255
      flesch: 41
     summary: Silicon as anode materials always attracts the large amount of attention in the academic fields, which is also due to its own characteristics, such as its extremely high theoretical capacity (4200mAhg-1)(Besenhard JO et al., 1997, S. Misra et al., 2012 and K. Kang et al., 2010) and relatively low negative electrochemical potential (Average operating voltage is only 0.4V, lower than 0.5V vs Li/Li+)(Huggins RA,1999, T. Nagaura,1990, D. C. Langreth et al.,1997 and R. M. Dreizler et al.,1990). Focused on DOI: 10.3303/CET1546013 Please cite this article as: Li Y., Zhang Y.X., Tang J.Y., Ding Y.P., 2015, First-principles study on lithium intercalation of silicon anode materials in supercapacitor, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 46, 73-78 DOI:10.3303/CET1546013 73 mailto:liyong@ncwu.edu.cn http://dict.youdao.com/w/furthermore/ http://dict.cn/studies%20have%20shown the material choice, they achieved phased progress in the experiment, however little is known about the lithiation/delithiation process.
    keywords: anode; band; crystalline; density; energy; figure; lithium; materials; silicon; structure
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        item: #5859 of 7527
          id: cet-4183
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - cet-01.docx
        date: 2016-01-07
       words: 2730
      flesch: 45
     summary: +-N adsorption under different oscillation time A figure 1 show that during different oscillation times, absorption of ammonia nitrogen concentration in the solution is almost the same, which indicates that time has little effect on the absorption of ammonia nitrogen. 3.4 Effect of zeolite powder dosing quantity and absorption isotherms The results of the same initial concentration of ammonia nitrogen but with different zeolite powder dosing amount in the equilibrium concentration of ammonia nitrogen is shown in Figure 5, the absorption capacity in Figure 6. 81 Figure 5: NH4+-N concentration after adsorption with different zeolite powder dosage Figure 6: different adsorption of zeolite powder dosage NH4+-N As we can see from Figure 5, for the same initial concentration of ammonia nitrogen solutions, zeolite absorption of ammonia nitrogen decreases with the increase of dosage.
    keywords: absorption; ammonia; concentration; nitrogen; powder; solution; temperature; water; zeolite
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        item: #5860 of 7527
          id: cet-4184
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - cet-01.docx
        date: 2016-01-07
       words: 2834
      flesch: 66
     summary: binghuoyan2005@163.com To investigate the characteristics of lotus fiber length and fineness to provide theoretical basis for developing lotus fiber products, 1500 fibers were extracted by physical method from tip part, middle part and bottom part of lotus stalks (500 fibers for each part) and measured. The ratio of lotus fiber length to fineness was about 104, which can meet the textile processing requirement.
    keywords: distribution; fiber; fineness; length; lotus; tip
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        item: #5861 of 7527
          id: cet-4185
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - cet-01.docx
        date: 2016-01-07
       words: 3626
      flesch: 51
     summary: DOI: 10.3303/CET1546016 Please cite this article as: Dong X.J., Meng J.B., Zhou H.A., Liu W.H., Wei X.T., 2015, Surface modification for anti-adhesion enhancement of aluminum alloy using an electrolytic plasma, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 46, 91-96 DOI:10.3303/CET1546016 91 A binary micro-nano structure is essential for achieving anti-adhesive surfaces on aluminum and its alloys. 2. Experiments 2.1 Experimental setup and materials The experimental setup of anti-adhesive surface fabricated on aluminum alloys by electrolytic plasma was developed.
    keywords: aluminum; anti; concentration; contact; energy; figure; micro; plasma; structures; surface
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        item: #5862 of 7527
          id: cet-4186
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - cet-01.docx
        date: 2016-01-07
       words: 3801
      flesch: 61
     summary: Consequently, contact angles measured on the centre of the sample surface increase with the increase of scanning velocity of atmospheric pressure plasma arc. Meng J.B., Xu W.J., Song W.Q., 2008, Modelling of reactive kinetics in the metal surface contaminant cleaning using atmospheric pressure plasma arc, Appl.
    keywords: appa; arc; cleaning; contact; field; magnetic; plasma; surface
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        item: #5863 of 7527
          id: cet-4187
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - cet-01.docx
        date: 2016-01-07
       words: 3827
      flesch: 58
     summary: The oxygen consumption rate, CO gas generation rate, and exothermic intensity of coal samples from high to low was in the order of 9.82%, 7.4%, 5.51%, 2,21%, 11.21%, and 3.56% when the temperature was over 100℃. The diameter of the homemade container filled with coal sample is 9.5 cm and the height is 25 cm, which is made of steel.
    keywords: coal; combustion; content; moisture; rate; temperature; water
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        item: #5864 of 7527
          id: cet-4188
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - cet-01.docx
        date: 2016-01-07
       words: 3283
      flesch: 55
     summary: (2)Laminates bucking failure in compression area From failure mode of B1, B2, B5 specimen can be seen that the kind of failure was ideal, compressive strength of timber was given full play and reflect advantage; the neutral axis was near bottom laminate, which would make most of timber beam section at compression status, the top beam plate was crushed when reached to ultimate load, then occurred the phenomenon that beam bottom layer plate failed in tension due to excessive deformation. (4) The defects of timber were more dispersing and material distributed uniform ly with decrease of layer plate thickness, which made mechanical property of timber beam correspondingly increase, the deformation capacity of glue-lumber beam decreased along with the decrease of layer plate thickness; the influence of lamina lay-ups type to timber beam was not big, to prevent glue-lumber from cracking failure, the effect of interval layout was relative optimal, it is suggested that northeast larch of 7 layer plates was used to design when prestressed high strength glue-lumber beam was further studied.
    keywords: beam; failure; glue; level; lumber; spf; strength; timber; type
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        item: #5865 of 7527
          id: cet-4189
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - CET_template_vol46.docx
        date: 2016-01-08
       words: 2328
      flesch: 56
     summary: At the initial time, set the concentration of each substance as following A A 0 B B0 C C0 D D0, , ,= = = =c c c c c c c Calculate the concentrations of these substances at reaction time 73.2 minutes and the reaction reached equilibrium; simulate the reaction process.
    keywords: reaction
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        item: #5866 of 7527
          id: cet-419
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 18patella.docx
        date: 2017-09-12
       words: 3216
      flesch: 55
     summary: Layer-by-layer assembly of graphene oxide membranes via electrostatic interaction. Graphene oxide membrane for liquid phase organic molecular separation.
    keywords: graphene; membrane; modification; nanosheets; pes; surface; water
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        item: #5867 of 7527
          id: cet-4190
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - cet-01.docx
        date: 2016-01-07
       words: 2543
      flesch: 58
     summary: HSA were shown in figure 2. Figure 2: Quenching fluorescence spectra of HSA-OrangeⅡ 122 a-i: CHSA=1.0×10 -5mol/L, COrange= (0,0.51.0,1.5,2.0,2.5,3.0,3.5,4.0)×10 -5 mol/L Figure 2 shows that the fluorescence intensity of HSA decreased successively with the increasing concentration of OrangeⅡ, and the largest emission wavelength generated a slight blue-shift. A: The synchronous fluorescence spectrum at 15 nm B: The synchronous fluorescence spectrum at 60 nm Figure 3: The synchronous fluorescence spectra of HSA and OrangeⅡ Figure 3 shows that the fluorescence intensity decreased regularly with the increasing dosage of OrangeⅡ.The largest emission wavelength at 15 nm in figure A has a slight red shift and the wavelength at 60 nm in figure B has no obvious shift, which illustrate that the existence of OrangeⅡ leads to a weak change of HSA conformation.
    keywords: energy; figure; fluorescence; hsa; orangeⅱ; pigment; quenching; transfer
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        item: #5868 of 7527
          id: cet-4191
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - cet-01.docx
        date: 2016-01-07
       words: 3854
      flesch: 47
     summary: The pseudo code of the algorithm is as follows: 1) Find an indicator for data analysis get Next Indicator(); 2) Determine the list of computer nodes (denoted by L={c1, c2,…, cn}) that store relevant data. 3) Compute the weight of each of the N computer nodes based on Eq. 5. Conclusions The normal cloud model is introduced to the distributed data aggregating system to perform data analysis.
    keywords: analysis; cloud; computer; data; indicators; model; nodes
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        item: #5869 of 7527
          id: cet-4192
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - cet-01.docx
        date: 2016-01-07
       words: 1956
      flesch: 55
     summary: Figure 1.Process planning of system DOI: 10.3303/CET1546023 Please cite this article as: Song Q.X., 2015, Research on steel pipe tracing system, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 46, 133-138 DOI:10.3303/CET1546023 133 Pipe traceability system developed in this paper mainly uses in B / S structure, which was confirmed by Chen Changxi, et al, uses asp.net, which was confirmed by Adam Freeman and Aguilar, and three-tier(presentation layer, business logic layer, data access layer) mechanism to develop. Achieve function that steel information can be added and queried, cycles and station information can be queried and added and so on, which supervise and manage the steel pipe from the source.
    keywords: figure; information; int; management; pipe; steel; system; user
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        item: #5870 of 7527
          id: cet-4193
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - cet-01.docx
        date: 2016-01-07
       words: 3424
      flesch: 69
     summary: k m k m k                 (14) Compute the partial derivative of J  , and let   0 , J m k      , the optimal value of   ,m k can be obtained as:   2 1 , ( , ) ( 1, ) 1 ( , ) 1 opt m k m k m k m k              (15) In practical application, because ( , )m k is unknown, we can substitute ( , )m k in the above formula with max( ( , ) 1, 0)m k  . ( , ) D m k m k m k T m k     
    keywords: g m; m k; method; noise; reduction; speech
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        item: #5871 of 7527
          id: cet-4194
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - cet-01.docx
        date: 2016-01-07
       words: 3292
      flesch: 59
     summary: 656, doi: 10.1016/j.mejo.2014.03.020 Jung J.H., Yun T.Y., Choi J.H., Kim H.T., 2007, Wideband and low noise CMOS amplifier for UWB receivers, Microw Opt Technol Lett, 49 (4) pp. Fig. 3 shows the complete schematic diagram of the 3.1–10.6 GHz CMOS UWB LNA, in which the important device parameters are labelled.
    keywords: cmos; gain; ghz; input; lna; noise; power; uwb
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        item: #5872 of 7527
          id: cet-4195
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - cet-01.docx
        date: 2016-01-07
       words: 2641
      flesch: 56
     summary: Figure 1: Block-diagram of the PID control system based on RBF neural network 3.1 PID parameter tuning principle With the use of incremental PID controller, the control error is: ( ) ( ) ( ) d e k y k y k  (5) Three inputs of PID are: (1) ( ) ( 1)x e k e k   (6) (2) ( )x e k (7) (3) ( ) 2 ( 1) ( 2)x e k e k e k     (8) The control algorithm is: ( ) ( 1) ( )u k u k u k   (9)     ( ) ( ) ( 1) ( ) ( ) 2 ( 1) ( 2) P I D u k k e k e k k e k k e k e k e k           (10) For this reason, people combine the neural network (NN) with PID control for the implementation of controlling complex system (Tichun et al (2015), Yan (2015), Isaac (2013)).
    keywords: control; network; neural; pid
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        item: #5873 of 7527
          id: cet-4196
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - cet-01.docx
        date: 2016-01-07
       words: 2765
      flesch: 67
     summary: y t t dy x t d f P u x t t t                    (6) x t f x t u t D t (2) where  nx R ,  mu R ,  t R and f is first-order derivable and continuous.
    keywords: control
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        item: #5874 of 7527
          id: cet-4197
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - cet-01.docx
        date: 2016-01-07
       words: 3297
      flesch: 51
     summary: The matching for the rated power of drive motor is carried out according to the distribution of load power of electric vehicle’s given state of cyclic conditions; considering both the economy and power performance of the vehicle in limiting conditions, the optimization design of the motor peak power, speed, speed ratio of transmission system and other parameters is implemented in a wide range with the dynamic performance as the constraint condition and the genetic optimal algorithm as the means, in order to reduce the entire vehicle mass. 2) The features and processes of genetic algorithm are introduced briefly, and the parameter matching design of power transmission system is boiled down to the nonlinear programming class, and the problem is solved; through the simulation of matched parameter of transmission system in MATLAB/Simulink, the driving mileage of vehicle of 118.78km is obtained (greater than the national standard of 100), indicating that the optimization algorithm can well satisfy the design requirements of lengthening the operating range. It corresponds to the curve 2, that is, corresponding battery output power remains unchanged after increasing to a certain extent, in order to 166 maintain the uniform working of the vehicle; and what the curve 3 shows just indicates that the output power of battery cannot be absolutely transmitted to the driving system.
    keywords: battery; motor; parameter; power; speed; transmission; vehicle;  
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        item: #5875 of 7527
          id: cet-4198
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - cet-01.docx
        date: 2016-01-07
       words: 2749
      flesch: 54
     summary: f Q f f f f (3) ( 1) arg min ( | ) f f f
    keywords: image; reconstruction; regularization; resolution; super; video
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        item: #5876 of 7527
          id: cet-4199
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - cet-01.docx
        date: 2016-01-07
       words: 3052
      flesch: 55
     summary: Considering the objectivity of the effect evaluation, PSNR and EPI were adopted as the objective indices to evaluate the quality of de-noised images. On the foundation of work by Elad and Aharon (2006), Z. Zhou, et al (2012) proposed a K-least mean square algorithm (K-LMS) for the dictionary learning and image representation, and the de-noising could be achieved by combine the adaptive image sparse decomposition in a learned over-complete dictionary and the threshold process.
    keywords: ij ij; image; method; proposed
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        item: #5877 of 7527
          id: cet-420
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 18patella.docx
        date: 2017-09-12
       words: 4062
      flesch: 48
     summary: To define an efficient pre-treatment and to overcome major obstacles of membrane treatment (fouling), economic organic coagulant has been tested. A conventional jar test apparatus was employed for the flocculation tests followed by photo catalysis and membrane treatment includes Nano Filtration process by means of a pilot-scale plant.
    keywords: chemical; membrane; nanoparticles; olive; omw; stoller; tio2; treatment; wastewater
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        item: #5878 of 7527
          id: cet-4200
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - cet-01.docx
        date: 2016-01-07
       words: 3106
      flesch: 51
     summary: The algorithm contains the following steps: firstly, we k-anonymize the original table by a utility-driven adaptive clustering method which can partition tuples with best data quality similarly, Secondly, check each QI group and call SA_Generalization algorithm to ensure each tuple satisfy personalized privacy requirement. By Theorem 1, if the privacy requirement of data owner is less than 1/b, then the tuple t* will not satisfy the privacy requirement whatever to do for it, that is the anonymous table fails to satisfy privacy requirement.
    keywords: anonymity; anonymization; data; privacy; table; tuple
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        item: #5879 of 7527
          id: cet-4201
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - cet-01.docx
        date: 2016-01-07
       words: 2989
      flesch: 56
     summary: Using the principle of maximum membership classify Through the calculation we could obtain several fuzzy subsets of solar cell color classification n AAA ~~~ ,,,  21 . In this paper, the blue has a main effect on solar cell color depth.
    keywords: cell; classification; color; gray; image; method;  
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        item: #5880 of 7527
          id: cet-4202
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - cet-01.docx
        date: 2016-01-07
       words: 3909
      flesch: 59
     summary: Decision tree complexities and generating pareto set This section comprises two subsections: the first focuses on definitions of time and spacial complexities of decision trees; the second illustrates how Pareto optimal points are derived with respect to objective functions involving decision tree complexities. The time and spacial DOI: 10.3303/CET1546033 Please cite this article as: Jia L., Sun N.G., 2015, A method for determining decision tree complexities based on multiobjective optimization for online learning community, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 46, 193-198 DOI:10.3303/CET1546033 193 complexities of decision tree are defined and employed as objective functions of multiobjective optimization whose desired solutions form Pareto set.
    keywords: decision; pareto; t f; trees
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        item: #5881 of 7527
          id: cet-4203
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - cet-01.docx
        date: 2016-01-07
       words: 2802
      flesch: 59
     summary: Image processing 2.1 Image preprocessing A series of maize diseases images were collected by digital camera under the sunlight condition. A new method for SVM model selection using genetic algorithm flowchart is presented below.
    keywords: classification; image; kernel; svm; value; vol
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        item: #5882 of 7527
          id: cet-4204
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - cet-01.docx
        date: 2016-01-07
       words: 2418
      flesch: 61
     summary: Particle swarm optimization algorithm A publication of The Italian Association of Chemical Engineering Online at www.aidic.it/cet Guest Editors: Peiyu Ren, Yancang Li, Huiping Song Copyright © 2015, AIDIC Servizi S.r.l., ISBN 978-88-95608-37-2; ISSN 2283-9216 Research On Steel Strip Image Segmentation Algorithm Based On Particle Swarm Optimization Zhiyong Zhanga, Xiaoyang Hea*, Xiaohua Sunb, Junhao Wangc, Fushun Wangc a College of Information Science and Technology, Agricultural University of Hebei, Baoding, China b Department of Digital Media, Hebei Software Institute, Baoding, China c College of Information Science and Technology, Agricultural University of Hebei, Baoding, China hexiaoyang0667@163.com A method based on particle swarm optimization (PSO) for steel strip image segmentation was presented.
    keywords: algorithm; image; optimization; particle; results; segmentation
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        item: #5883 of 7527
          id: cet-4205
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - cet-01.docx
        date: 2016-01-07
       words: 2615
      flesch: 53
     summary: Therefore, the study of coherent signal estimation problem in the small number of snapshot background has important significance. Conclusions This paper mainly studies the small snapshot number of coherent signal direction finding problems, through the use of sampling technology, for the reconstruction of the coherent signal sampling and coherent.
    keywords: algorithm; array; estimation; matrix; method; number; signal
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        item: #5884 of 7527
          id: cet-4206
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - cet-01.docx
        date: 2016-01-07
       words: 3468
      flesch: 53
     summary: Therefore, in this paper, the reliability based OWA aggregation operators are employed to aggregate the similarities between instances m easured by different features for hierarchical clustering, in order to reduce the interference of noise data and increase the accuracy and robust of clustering algorithms. Aggregation of feature based similarities In general, a data set used in pattern recognition and machine learning contains many features (attributes).
    keywords: aggregation; clustering; data; dowa; feature; knn; set
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        item: #5885 of 7527
          id: cet-4207
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - cet-01.docx
        date: 2016-01-07
       words: 2573
      flesch: 48
     summary: (2010) reported, etc. DV-Hop algorithm is one of the most widely used algorithms in wireless sensor network node localization, A. Zhang et al. (2012), J. Wen et al. All of them had improved the DV-Hop algorithm in the second or the third stage during the localization, but all the improved algorithms still not achieved the desired results, so DV-Hop algorithm still needed to be improved.
    keywords: algorithm; anchor; average; distance; fish; hop; nodes
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        item: #5886 of 7527
          id: cet-4208
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - cet-01.docx
        date: 2016-01-07
       words: 3263
      flesch: 49
     summary: Conclusions and prospect In this paper, analysis of the structural principle of permanent magnet type of retarder, Artificial neural network algorithm is selected, all effects of permanent magnet retarder factors as hidden layer regulating function, practical formulas for the ultimate goal constructed based on artificial neural network algorithm of pe rmanent magnet type of retarder structural parameters optimization design model. Further to verify the scientific nature of the model, the influence of various permanent magnet retarder design factors can provide a reliable fuzzy algorithm model.
    keywords: brake; design; layer; magnet; model; parameters; retarder; torque; value
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        item: #5887 of 7527
          id: cet-4209
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - cet-01.docx
        date: 2016-01-07
       words: 2657
      flesch: 52
     summary: After we got target image in a specified area, the histograms in R, G and B component, from which color model established, are calculated. A publication of The Italian Association of Chemical Engineering Online at www.aidic.it/cet Guest Editors: Peiyu Ren, Yancang Li, Huiping Song Copyright © 2015, AIDIC Servizi S.r.l., ISBN 978-88-95608-37-2; ISSN 2283-9216 DOI: 10.3303/CET1546040 Please cite this article as: Wang H.J., Zhang H.L., 2015, A target tracking algorithm based on energy distribution, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 46, 235-240 DOI:10.3303/CET1546040 235 mailto:wanghj323@126.com Figure 2.1: Pre-acquisition target image 2.2 Binary image processing Color image obtained in 2.1 is binary processed using a color model, and then binary images are collected.
    keywords: color; energy; figure; hand; image; target; tracking
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        item: #5888 of 7527
          id: cet-421
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 18patella.docx
        date: 2017-09-12
       words: 3626
      flesch: 55
     summary: Effective fouling inhibition by critical flux based optimization methods on a NF membrane module for olive mill wastewater treatment. Stoller M., Ochando-Pulido J.M., Vilardi G., Vuppala S., Bravi M., Verdone N., Di Palma L., 2017, Technical and economic impact of photocatalysis as a pretreatment process step in olive mill wastewater treatment by membranes, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 57, 1171-1176.
    keywords: compounds; kda; membrane; mill; oil; olive; omw; treatment; wastewater
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        item: #5889 of 7527
          id: cet-4210
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - cet-01.docx
        date: 2016-01-07
       words: 2282
      flesch: 57
     summary: Qin Y.Y., Zhang J.W., 2015, Intelligent parking lot system based on internet of things, Journal of Hebei University of engineering (natural science edition), vol. Sun H., Chen Y.R., 2013, Underground parking information system based on wireless sensor network, Journal of University of Chinese Academy Of Sciences, vol.
    keywords: data; design; figure; network; parking; sensor; system; zigbee
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        item: #5890 of 7527
          id: cet-4211
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - cet-01.docx
        date: 2016-01-07
       words: 3543
      flesch: 58
     summary: 2 min ( ) ( , ) | | : ( , ) 0, ( , ) av A n imize J D K x y D D ds where D D x y x y the edge of A              (11) Formula (2)’s boundaries meet: ( , ) 0 , ( , ) n D x y x y A   (3) where A is A’s boundary.
    keywords: area; network; routing; vector
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        item: #5891 of 7527
          id: cet-4212
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - cet-01.docx
        date: 2016-01-07
       words: 2919
      flesch: 33
     summary: Fault gases hydrogen gas concentration quantitative detection is an important test indicators based infrared photoacoustic spectroscopy in transformer oil. Second method: using the method hydrogen gas concentration is measured based on the method of sound waves conduction properties , It is assumed that the same measured before and after the hydrogen gas concentration of the air at different temperature corresponding to, i.e., T = T ', and considering hydrogen gas concentration is at a very small amount ,obtained: 2 rRT n x M     (2) x ―Acoustic wave propagation distance; ω ―Acoustic frequency; Δφ―Acoustic wave phase varying amounts By Equation (2) shows the phase variation Δφ is a function of hydrogen gas concentration n in air, by measuring the acoustic phase change Δφ, the change of hydrogen concentration can be measured.
    keywords: concentration; detection; gas; hydrogen; oil; system; temperature; transformer; velocity
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        item: #5892 of 7527
          id: cet-4213
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - cet-01.docx
        date: 2016-01-07
       words: 2562
      flesch: 72
     summary: Jiang J., Papavassiliou S., 2006, Enhancing network traffic prediction and anomaly detection via statistical network traffic separation and combination strategies [J], Computer Communications, 29(10), 1627-1638. Compared with other prediction methods, this method has the higher accurate.
    keywords: algorithm; network; prediction; traffic
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        item: #5893 of 7527
          id: cet-4214
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - cet-01.docx
        date: 2016-01-07
       words: 2856
      flesch: 59
     summary: The problems of security and risk are the main obstacles for the development of electronic bank. Along with the gradual advance of modernization about bank business, based on the existing financial risk, the risk of information system is added and close to the business of electronic bank.
    keywords: bank; grey; information; risk; system
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        item: #5894 of 7527
          id: cet-4215
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - cet-01.docx
        date: 2016-01-07
       words: 1608
      flesch: 57
     summary: temperature transducer DBS18B20 Keyboard control MCU AT89C51 LCD discplay Alarm system FAN Figure 1: System Diagram DOI: 10.3303/CET1546046 Please cite this article as: Xu K.L., 2015, Design of temperature control system for computer rooms based on at89c51 single-chip, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 46, 271-276 DOI:10.3303/CET1546046 271 3. System design The MCU processed the data of measured temperature and room temperature data set by keyboard control circuit based on temperature measurement circuit.
    keywords: circuit; computer; control; fan; system; temperature; vol
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        item: #5895 of 7527
          id: cet-4216
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - cet-01.docx
        date: 2016-01-07
       words: 2971
      flesch: 49
     summary: Shreyamsha Kumar B.K., 2013, Image fusion based on pixel significance using cross bilateral filter, Signal, image and video processing, 1-12, DOI: 10.1007/s11760-013-0556-9. Wang L., Li B., Tian L.F., 2014, Multi-modal medical image fusion using the inter-scale and intra-scale dependencies between image shift-invariant shearlet coefficients, Information Fusion, 19, 20-28. Qu X.B., Yan J.W., Yang G.D., 2009, Multifocus image fusion method of sharp frequency localized Contourlet transform domain based on sum-modified-Laplacian, Optics and Precision Engineering, 17(5):1203-1212.
    keywords: contourlet; fig; fusion; image; mdfb; method; multiwavelet; proposed; transform
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        item: #5896 of 7527
          id: cet-4217
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - cet-01.docx
        date: 2016-01-07
       words: 3214
      flesch: 43
     summary: This is associated with the DOI: 10.3303/CET1546048 Please cite this article as: Jiang Z.H., Zhang J., 2015, Neonatal anti-theft system and outpatient transfusion management system based on internet of things, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 46, 283-288 DOI:10.3303/CET1546048 283 special circumstances of the newborn, weak and cannot express or alarm on his/her own, not easy to distinguish, also, hospital as a public environment, the people who come to visit sometimes is hardly to discern their motives. Figure 2: Flow chart of mobile outpatient transfusion system 285 3.2 The system function 3.2.1 Desktop PC functions Desktop PC mainly completes the task of transfusion.
    keywords: hospital; internet; management; medical; mobile; neonatal; patient; system; things; transfusion
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        item: #5897 of 7527
          id: cet-4218
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - cet-01.docx
        date: 2016-01-07
       words: 2627
      flesch: 52
     summary: A publication of The Italian Association of Chemical Engineering Online at www.aidic.it/cet Guest Editors: Peiyu Ren, Yancang Li, Huiping Song Copyright © 2015, AIDIC Servizi S.r.l., ISBN 978-88-95608-37-2; ISSN 2283-9216 DOI: 10.3303/CET1546049 Please cite this article as: Jia D.R., Wang S.Y., Tian J.F., 2015, Electric parameter acquisition system based on arm, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 46, 289-294 DOI:10.3303/CET1546049 289 computer RS485 Upstream data Descending order Data acquisition equipment analog signal Figure 1: Composition of electric parameter acquisition system After the initialization of the equipment, the host sends the data acquisition module to the data acquisition module to collect the command and the task parameters. The key to electric parameter acquisition system is the data acquisition and reliable transmission.
    keywords: acquisition; data; design; electric; host; parameter; power; rs485; system; transmission
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        item: #5898 of 7527
          id: cet-4219
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - cet-01.docx
        date: 2016-01-07
       words: 2734
      flesch: 52
     summary: A publication of The Italian Association of Chemical Engineering Online at www.aidic.it/cet Guest Editors: Peiyu Ren, Yancang Li, Huiping Song Copyright © 2015, AIDIC Servizi S.r.l., ISBN 978-88-95608-37-2; ISSN 2283-9216 DOI: 10.3303/CET1546050 Please cite this article as: Tian J.F., Jia D.R., Wang S.Y., 2015, Information acquisition system based on zigbee and arm, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 46, 295-300 DOI:10.3303/CET1546050 295 3. The ARM microprocessor uses an embedded wince operating system, and the ZigBee module constructs a network of RFID readers through the structure of a tree network.
    keywords: arm; communication; data; information; network; reader; rfid; system; test; zigbee
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        item: #5899 of 7527
          id: cet-422
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 18patella.docx
        date: 2017-09-12
       words: 3193
      flesch: 51
     summary: 2.3 Preparation of CNTs/Al2O3 membrane decorated by ZnO nanoparticles For the preparation of CNTs/Al2O3 membrane decorated by ZnO nanoparticles, in the following named CNTs/Al2O3_ZnO, a wet chemistry approach was used, too. Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have been applied as one of the most potential adsorbents for removal of environmental pollutants thanks to their high adsorption capacity and good regeneration capability (Del Canto et al., 2012; Fang et al., 2012).
    keywords: adsorption; carbon; cnts; high; membrane; removal; sarno; zno
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        item: #5900 of 7527
          id: cet-4220
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - cet-01.docx
        date: 2016-01-07
       words: 2430
      flesch: 47
     summary: An issue that should be given the highest priority is how to achieve the lowest packet loss probability of sensor node data in the transmission (J. Guo and X.M. Ma (2013)). The structure of agricultural information collection system is shown in Figure 1.
    keywords: collection; data; design; figure; node; sensor; system; zigbee
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        item: #5901 of 7527
          id: cet-4221
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - cet-01.docx
        date: 2016-01-07
       words: 2566
      flesch: 54
     summary: The construction of the robot path planning cost rules When we are finding the optimal planning of robot competition path, the final path is the ideal one in which condition we ignore the practical contest site factors and some restrictions of competition rules. As shown in Figure 7. Figure 7: Optimal robot path We can get the best attractions travel route after the comparison combining with the actual path of Figure.
    keywords: algorithm; competition; figure; matrix; path; problem; robot
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        item: #5902 of 7527
          id: cet-4222
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - cet-01.docx
        date: 2016-01-07
       words: 2993
      flesch: 53
     summary: Glucose sensors 3.1 Working principle Figure 3: Working principle of OECT glucose sensors. Organic thin film transistors (OTFTs) are being widely used in glucose sensors.
    keywords: concentration; detection; device; doi; glucose; oect; sensors
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        item: #5903 of 7527
          id: cet-4223
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - cet-01.docx
        date: 2016-01-07
       words: 3254
      flesch: 28
     summary: In conclusion, the proposed model could overcome the disadvantage of trapping into the local optimal point of BP model, and the speed of convergence is more quickly and time consumption is less than the other two classical models. In conclusion, the establishment of new model with all the advantages of the above mentioned models equipped is in great need and will be the most promising direction of the fault diagnosis subject.
    keywords: attribute; decision; diagnosis; fault; model; network; pso; set
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        item: #5904 of 7527
          id: cet-4224
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - cet-01.docx
        date: 2016-01-07
       words: 2926
      flesch: 65
     summary: Cloud computing platform of railway passenger flow data based on hadoop With the characteristics of railway passenger transport, the big data of railway passenger flow in the design of the cloud platform using distributed and hierarchical structure. Conclusions In this paper, a distributed cloud computing method is proposed to improve the speed and efficiency of big data analysis of railway passenger flow data.
    keywords: cloud; computing; data; flow; parallel; passenger; railway; svm
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        item: #5905 of 7527
          id: cet-4225
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - cet-01.docx
        date: 2016-01-07
       words: 3164
      flesch: 64
     summary: DOI: 10.3303/CET1546056 Please cite this article as: Yuan F., Wang Z.P., 2015, Image quality enhancement model and its application based on pde, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 46, 331-336 DOI:10.3303/CET1546056 331 Catte F, Lions and Morel put forward a kind of anisotropic diffusion model, the model use ( ) g u ,   2.1 Catte model of image enhancement Among all the PDE models, the man-made structure of energy function and model established based on this function have a large proportion.
    keywords: equation; image
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        item: #5906 of 7527
          id: cet-4226
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - cet-01.docx
        date: 2016-01-07
       words: 2651
      flesch: 57
     summary: The concept of decision granular set is: DK = {Grdk,1,Grdk,2 …Grdk,t}, it shows a set of all elementary decision granules about a decision attribute. A → Vai f is a mapping,∀u ∈ U,ai ∈ A, f(u,ai) ∈ Va DOI: 10.3303/CET1546057 Please cite this article as: Liu P., Wu Z.G., Ge L.C., Wang H.C., Yang J.P., 2015, Decision tree algorithm based on granular computing and important degree of attribute value, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 46, 337-342 DOI:10.3303/CET1546057 337 Definition 1(Elementary granule) Forai(ai ∈ A) , Function h(ai,vj) reflects the set of objects whose value is vj(vj ∈ Vai) .
    keywords: algorithm; attribute; condition; decision; granular; granule; set; tree
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        item: #5907 of 7527
          id: cet-4227
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - cet-01.docx
        date: 2016-01-07
       words: 2935
      flesch: 58
     summary: And the PWM generation module of dsPIC30F2010, it’s PWM time base control is provided by the 15bitsspecial timer with a pre scaler and frequency divider. If the variable value from 0 to 65536 increasing, voltage space vector rotate the corresponding angle from 0 to 2π.
    keywords: control; frequency; output; pwm; svpwm; system; time; value; vector; voltage
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        item: #5908 of 7527
          id: cet-4228
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - cet-01.docx
        date: 2016-01-07
       words: 3226
      flesch: 50
     summary: For now, the system has completed verification with laboratory standard sample, and applied in automatic detection system of heavy metals in water successfully. 3. 3 Automatic range switching for sampling Traditional electrochemical detection system , its sampling range was selected artificially, whose detection circuit channel for current signal detection was fixed, so the adaptability of fixed range detection system is not very good.
    keywords: circuit; current; detection; error; figure; process; range; system; unit; water
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        item: #5909 of 7527
          id: cet-4229
      author: SERSC
       title: Journal Paper Format
        date: 2016-01-08
       words: 2656
      flesch: 62
     summary: Sensor technology, 22(10): 20-23. Wang Y., 2004, High precision platinum resistance temperature measuring nonlinear correction method This article conducts fitting algorism based on three temperature ranges of platinum resistor within temperature range and obtains cubic and quartic polynomial coefficients via the method of adjusting weight function using least square method after a brief summary of the regular method and problems existing in platinum resistor non-linear function inversion calculation.
    keywords: error; fitting; platinum; range; resistor; temperature
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        item: #5910 of 7527
          id: cet-423
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 64tufa.docx
        date: 2017-10-09
       words: 3698
      flesch: 46
     summary: This allows subsequent regeneration of the salinity-gradient for RED stack. Table 1 presents the properties of the membranes used in RED stack.
    keywords: hydrogen; membrane; nh4hco3; power; production; red; solution; water
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        item: #5911 of 7527
          id: cet-4230
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - cet-01.docx
        date: 2016-01-07
       words: 2131
      flesch: 50
     summary: Different from traditional calibration sensor method by neural network with single output, this thesis is actually carrying out surface fitting to the sensor with biaxial output. The error is 25.5% by using traditional calibration method, while adopting the method of neural network correction error is only 6%.
    keywords: correction; error; method; network; neural; output; sensor
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        item: #5912 of 7527
          id: cet-4231
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - cet-01.docx
        date: 2016-01-07
       words: 3153
      flesch: 61
     summary: Particle swarm optimization algorithm has been widely used in function optimization, neural network training, pattern classification, fuzzy system control and other fields (Zhang C (2000), Mendes F (2002) and Juang C (2004)). Parallel particle swarm optimization algorithm is used to optimize the parameters ( 2,C σ ) of SVM.
    keywords: algorithm; data; flow; optimization; parallel; particle; passenger; railway; swarm
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        item: #5913 of 7527
          id: cet-4232
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - cet-01.docx
        date: 2016-01-07
       words: 3172
      flesch: 64
     summary: Current frame image enhanced by enhanced coefficient, the Camshift algorithm will apply Grabcut object segmentation to achieve pure histogram for target object and then move the centroid which has been distracted due to similar color objects’ obstacles to uncovered parts of the target object by using LBP centroid tracking correction model. Conclusions This paper, after analysis of the processes of the tradition Camshift algorithm, has presented a Camshift algorithm that is based on Grabcut with a LBP model of correction tracking centroid, which can be applied into tracking moving target objects.
    keywords: algorithm; camshift; centroid; color; grabcut; object; search; tracking; window
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        item: #5914 of 7527
          id: cet-4233
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - cet-01.docx
        date: 2016-01-07
       words: 2593
      flesch: 69
     summary: ENSG00000000457 ENST00000470238 2443552 661 956 ENSG00000000457 ENST00000470238 Fig 1: Illustration of the relationships among genes, splice isoforms and probes Suppose that gjc gjkc k y s=  , where gjcy is the gray value of the j -th PM probe of gene g on array c . g j g j g gP s a c d d P s P c dβ α β β=  ( ) ( ) ( )
    keywords: gene; k c
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        item: #5915 of 7527
          id: cet-4234
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - cet-01.docx
        date: 2016-01-07
       words: 2889
      flesch: 48
     summary: DOI: 10.3303/CET1546065 Please cite this article as: Yuan B.L., 2015, Features extraction of moving target image based on nuclear method and spatio-temporal correlation theory, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 46, 385-390 DOI:10.3303/CET1546065 385 2. Bit-level analysis, noise filter, composed of moving target area image generator of bit difference operation and binarization shown in Figure 4. Bit plane delamination 0 ( , , )bp x y k 1 ( , , )bp x y k 2 ( , , )bp x y k 7 ( , , )bp x y k ... (x, y) domain block of bit plane Dividing among the ratio number of connected regions block Filtering out the details and noise of (x, y) domain image by the proportion of connected regions Filtering criterion Filtering threshold Gray level image bit plane (layer) analysis XOR of each bit plane Or operation merge of each bit plane Binary image of moving target area Gray level image bit plane (layer) analysis Frame memory Frame memory ( , , )I x y k ... ... ...
    keywords: background; detection; image; kernel; method; motion; target
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        item: #5916 of 7527
          id: cet-4235
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - cet-01.docx
        date: 2016-01-07
       words: 2847
      flesch: 55
     summary: Therefore, how to obtain the load information of each node and how to use PSO measurement and evaluation of the local agent to schedule resource will be the main research directions in clouding system.(Hayes,2003) DOI: 10.3303/CET1546066 Please cite this article as: Zhao H.W., Shen H.Y., 2015, Optimization of resource schedule based on improved particle swarm algorithm in cloud computing environment, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 46, 391-396 DOI:10.3303/CET1546066 391 2. With the development of biological heuristic algorithms, many scholars proposed cloud resource scheduling algorithm based on ABC(artificial bee colony)algorithm, fish, PSO(particle swarm optimization) , these biological heuristic algorithm has characteristics of simple structure, strong search capability and can quickly find the optimal solution of the cloud resource scheduling, improve the efficiency of cloud resource scheduling.
    keywords: algorithm; cloud; computing; particle; resource; swarm
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        item: #5917 of 7527
          id: cet-4236
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - cet-01.docx
        date: 2016-01-07
       words: 3337
      flesch: 41
     summary: The establishment of the assist decision support system can solve some long-standing problems that exist in agricultural product supply chain with scientific means, and its implementation can provide intelligent, personalized decision support for agricultural supply chain Data problems cause decision deviation, which affects the promotion and application of agricultural product decision support system.
    keywords: chain; decision; problem; product; production; supply; supply chain; support; system; table
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        item: #5918 of 7527
          id: cet-4237
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - cet-01.docx
        date: 2016-01-07
       words: 2815
      flesch: 58
     summary: Based on the theory of fuzzy set, the parameters of neural network can be adjusted according to the adaptive learning ability of intuitionistic fuzzy neural network. Conclusions Based on the theory of fuzzy set, the parameters of neural network can be adjusted according to the adaptive learning ability of intuitionistic fuzzy neural network.
    keywords: cloud; computing; membership; network; neural; sets
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        item: #5919 of 7527
          id: cet-4238
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - cet-01.docx
        date: 2016-01-07
       words: 3203
      flesch: 69
     summary: DOI: 10.3303/CET1546069 Please cite this article as: Yang X.B., Feng S.Q., 2015, Research on the middle-distance running achievement prediction for college students based on lssvmgas, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 46, 409-414 DOI:10.3303/CET1546069 409 In this paper, we combine the LSSVM with GAS and propose an improved LSSVMGAS method. Lin Z.L., Deng N.C., Yang Y.H., 2003, Study on the division of year's training of middle- distance run player of college student, Journal of Nanjing Institute of Physical Education, 8: 103-105.
    keywords: college; method; particle; running; students
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        item: #5920 of 7527
          id: cet-424
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 18patella.docx
        date: 2017-09-12
       words: 3328
      flesch: 48
     summary: 292 Figure 4: LC-OCD analysis of the SE feed waters, permeate obtained on pristine membrane and cysteine grafted membrane filtration. Water Research, 85, 316–326. Cho, J., Amy, G., & Pellegrino, J., 2000, Membrane filtration of natural organic matter: Factors and mechanisms affecting rejection and flux decline with charged ultrafiltration (UF) membrane.
    keywords: electron; filtration; fouling; irradiation; membrane; molecules; mwcnt; surface
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        item: #5921 of 7527
          id: cet-4240
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - cet-01.docx
        date: 2016-01-07
       words: 2977
      flesch: 62
     summary: There are various methods about forecasting tourist arrival, for example, Cho (2003)find that the artificial neural networks to forecast tourist arrivals perform well in comparison to the exponential smoothing ;Gil-Alana (2005)forecast international monthly arrivals by using seasonal univariate long-memory processes ;Chu (2008) uses fractionally integrated ARMA models to forecast tourism arrivals; S Chen (2010) apply ANFIS model to forecast the tourist arrivals to Taiwan; H Song (2011) forecast quarterly tourist arrivals by using a new model ,the TVP-STSM. Tourism Economics, 17(1), 5e20. DOI: 10.5367/te.2011.0031 Chen M. S., Ying L. C., Pan M. C., 2010, Forecasting tourist arrivals by using the adaptive network-based fuzzy inference system [J].
    keywords: data; model; number; prediction; scale; time
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        item: #5922 of 7527
          id: cet-4241
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - cet-01.docx
        date: 2016-01-07
       words: 2916
      flesch: 31
     summary: calculate the maturity of comprehensive synergistic development Define ）（kD as the maturity of synergistic development among various indexes, then: ）（KUKD i n 1i i(K)C)(    (4) There are interconnection and interaction among the aforementioned association degree, synergistic degree of development, and maturity of comprehensive synergistic development respectively among various indexes of synergistic innovation development in school-enterprise cooperation. 4. Empirical analysis 4.1 Construction of evaluation index system of synergistic innovation development in school- enterprise cooperation Colleges and enterprises collaborate to integrate resources that each of them possesses and make use of its advantage for the purpose of achieving synergistic development in school -enterprise cooperation.
    keywords: cooperation; degree; development; enterprise; innovation; school; vocational
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        item: #5923 of 7527
          id: cet-4242
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - cet-01.docx
        date: 2016-01-07
       words: 3093
      flesch: 42
     summary: += (6) The most critical variable of citrus industry is the industrial economy of fixed capital. Therefore, with the market-oriented reform in rural area and the development of citrus industry, the role of planning tools will be greatly undermined and finance and taxation will become increasingly prominent economic means of the citrus industry.
    keywords: citrus; distribution; equilibrium; industry; market; price; supply; yield
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        item: #5924 of 7527
          id: cet-4243
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - cet-01.docx
        date: 2016-01-07
       words: 3916
      flesch: 28
     summary: Although some scholars distinguish the internal and external driving power of collaborative innovation, they regard them as the dynamic mechanism of an important part of collaborative innovation mechanism .There Further on the basis of investigation, it makes an empirical test on the influence of driving factors of SMEs collaborative innovation by statistical analysis of sample data.
    keywords: analysis; driving; factors; hypothesis; innovation; paper; research; smes; technology
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        item: #5925 of 7527
          id: cet-4244
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - cet-01.docx
        date: 2016-01-07
       words: 2931
      flesch: 47
     summary: Forward modelling of GPR in urban road base disease The GPR can detect the road diseases, such as the disengaging, cavities and leakiness in urban road base and so on, which have different signals and image features on the radar cross-sectional drawn, mainly reflect in the waveform phases, amplitude, frequencies and other features The paper summarizes the urban road base diseases in ground penetrating radar profile feature of signal, and analyses field exploration radar profile and further research on primary diseases of urban road ground penetrating radar fingerprint for urban road base disease detection of ground penetrating radar data interpretation to provide the reference.
    keywords: base; disease; disengaging; figure; forward; modelling; radar; road
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        item: #5926 of 7527
          id: cet-4245
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - cet-01.docx
        date: 2016-01-07
       words: 3379
      flesch: 52
     summary: Goodwill may bring enterprises more excess economic benefits than the other enterprise of the same industry in the future, but goodwill value has high uncertainty at the same time, it will change with the change of business environment; and goodwill has no legal validity, it can survive forever, it may also lose the ability of getting excess profits in a short time. 453 4.2 Regression analysis Table 3: The regression results of goodwill value relevance (1) (2) (3) (4) VARIABLES p p p p yxjzc -2.129*** -2.236*** -2.923*** -2.708*** (-10.42) (-10.45) (-10.13) (-8.86) mgjlr 53.12*** 52.23*** 55.23*** 54.98*** (34.24) (34.34) (31.23) (27.52) mgwxzc -5.231*
    keywords: + +; accounting; enterprise; goodwill; price; value; year
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        item: #5927 of 7527
          id: cet-4246
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - cet-01.docx
        date: 2016-01-07
       words: 3154
      flesch: 66
     summary: Athletic ability evaluation model for professional football teams based on the extension theory 3.1 Standardization of indicators There are two categories of indicators for athletic ability evaluation, namely quantitative indicator and qualitative indicator. Please cite this article as: Dang L., Bu G., 2015, Study of athletic ability evaluation model for professional football teams based on the extension theory, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 46, 457-462 DOI:10.3303/CET1546077 457 Table 1: Index system of athletic ability of professional football teams System layer Criteria layer Index layer The index system of athletic ability of professional football teams U Ability of coaching staff 1U Game strategy arrangement 11u Adjustments during games 12u Team training ability 13u Basic qualities 14u Coordination and organization skills 15u Team building 2U Capital investment 21u Echelon building 22u Team management 23u Construction of incentive mechanism 24u Team cohesion 25u Ability of individual athletes 3U Athletic quality 31u Athletic skill 32u Athletic function 33u Psychological quality 34u Cooperation and coordination ability 35u Tactic execution ability 36u Wisdom during games 37u 2.2 Matter-element model of athletic ability According to the concept and model of matter-element in extents, a matter-element model for athletic ability of professional football teams can be established.
    keywords: u u; v v
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        item: #5928 of 7527
          id: cet-4247
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - cet-01.docx
        date: 2016-01-07
       words: 2961
      flesch: 63
     summary: By analyzing the relationship of stress level, creep rupture and loading time, it can be figure out that the safe work duration of C-GFRP tendons is 500,000 hours when its stress level is 42% of its ultimate tensile strength in value. Based on a large number of research results, stress levels in this test were decided as 0.8fu, 0.70fu, 0.6fu, 0.
    keywords: creep; frp; level; stress; tendons; tensile; test
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        item: #5929 of 7527
          id: cet-4248
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - cet-01.docx
        date: 2016-01-07
       words: 3685
      flesch: 55
     summary: Consequently, financing enterprises and Series A investors usually consult with the uncertainties in the future based on the future performance and other conditions by signing the Valuation Adjustment Mechanism (VAM). Where α is continuous andα 0, which represents the effort level of financing enterprise.
    keywords: adjustment; enterprises; financing; mechanism; valuation; vam
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        item: #5930 of 7527
          id: cet-4249
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - cet-01.docx
        date: 2016-01-07
       words: 2669
      flesch: 65
     summary: As a result, the development of modern mathematics and computer technology is widely used in the field of physical education, such as grey theory, fuzzy mathematics, and neural network and so on. Therefore, this paper tries to use the particle swarm optimization algorithm to optimize the parameters of neural network, and uses a discrete method to improve the neural network, so as to achieve the purpose of accurate prediction.
    keywords: data; method; network; neural; prediction
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        item: #5931 of 7527
          id: cet-425
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 18patella.docx
        date: 2017-09-12
       words: 3336
      flesch: 53
     summary: The main issue appears to be membrane fouling, that appears to be more severe in case of UF membranes if compared to NF membranes. Membrane fouling, expressed as a permeate flux reduction as a function of time given by some phenomena different than polarization and/or aging of the membrane, can be subdivided in three main typologies: 1.
    keywords: flux; fluxes; fouling; membrane; stoller; treatment; wastewater
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        item: #5932 of 7527
          id: cet-4250
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - cet-01.docx
        date: 2016-01-07
       words: 2583
      flesch: 49
     summary: DOI: 10.3303/CET1546081 Please cite this article as: Miao L.E., 2015, The application of ahp in college propaganda work, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 46, 481- 486 DOI:10.3303/CET1546081 481 Table 1: College propaganda channels and the effect index of each propaganda channel Propaganda channels the effect index of each propaganda channel TV propaganda picture quality, play time, time, audience rating newspaper propaganda article quality, layout position, printing quality , circulation network propaganda article quality, location, website influence broadcast propaganda Play time, article quality, listening number interpersonal propaganda Student propaganda, parent propaganda, mass propaganda Analytic hierarchy process (AHP) is presented in the 1970s which is an effective and multiobjective planning method, and also an optimization decision method. The basic channels of college propaganda and the effect index of each channel are clarified through the literature research and the field research of the related colleges and universities.
    keywords: channel; college; comparison; effect; index; propaganda; table; weight
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        item: #5933 of 7527
          id: cet-4251
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - cet-01.docx
        date: 2016-01-07
       words: 3032
      flesch: 61
     summary: Teaching method B 0.238 0.14 0.192 5.231 0.000 Po‐Lin Lai, et al. (2015) used the multi-criteria decision making method AHP to incorporate the weightings of input and output variables into DEA and DEA-AR models.
    keywords: ahp; college; education; evaluation; method; quality; teaching
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        item: #5934 of 7527
          id: cet-4252
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - cet-01.docx
        date: 2016-01-07
       words: 2966
      flesch: 48
     summary: Among them, Ep, Prs, Tb, Fc, Dec, Ge, Ri stand for enterprise performance, proportion of rent seeking, tax burden, financing constraints, decentralization, government efficiency and reduce intervention respectively. Table 2: Rent seeking, relational resources favouritism effect and enterprise performance (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) Fixed capital stock per capital 0.0637*** 0.0727*** 0.0784*** 0.0790*** 0.0793*** (8.45) (7.77) (8.40) (8.46) (8.50) Middle per capital investment 0.484*** 0.413*** 0.415*** 0.415*** 0.417*** (65.51) (45.16) (45.74) (45.77) (45.90)
    keywords: behavior; capital; effect; enterprise; performance; rent; seeking
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        item: #5935 of 7527
          id: cet-4253
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - cet-01.docx
        date: 2016-01-07
       words: 3111
      flesch: 45
     summary: Empirical analyses 3.1 Variable and data source 3.1.1 Variable processing Using DEA method to carry out performance evaluation, the choice of input output indicators are very important. So high-tech industry output value, percentage of high-tech industry output value to industrial output value above designated size, contribution of high-tech industry to the growth of industrial output value, number of patents authorized per 100 thousand population, labor productivity, newly increased GDP per 100 million yuan investment, amount of industrial dust per 100 million yuan GDP is selected as the output indicators.
    keywords: dea; factor; industrialization; informatization; input; integration; output; value
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        item: #5936 of 7527
          id: cet-4254
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - cet-01.docx
        date: 2016-01-07
       words: 2322
      flesch: 65
     summary: They are the DOI: 10.3303/CET1546085 Please cite this article as: Lei N., 2015, The research on demand forecasting of supply chain based on iccelman, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 46, 505-510 DOI:10.3303/CET1546085 505 input layer, the hidden layer, the undertake layer and the output layer. Numerical analysis In order to compare the accuracy of different methods, we select sales data of one commodity in one large supermarket.
    keywords: demand; forecasting; method; network; time
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        item: #5937 of 7527
          id: cet-4255
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - cet-01.docx
        date: 2016-01-07
       words: 3330
      flesch: 36
     summary: Analysis of socialization levels of agent construction systems in provinces Despite unanimous support for the socialized model from theorists, the highly socialized model hasn ’t been considered as the basic goal of the construction of agent construction system among the provinces . After a comparative analysis of relevant policies of the 24 provinces, it can be seen that many provinces didn’t pursue DOI: 10.3303/CET1546086 Please cite this article as: Wang C.F., Yuan Y., Gao Z.P., Qi B., 2015, Comparative analysis of agent construction system under the instrumentalism model, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 46, 511-516 DOI:10.3303/CET1546086 511 the socialized model which is theoretically most ideal when building agent construction systems, but was conservative and even established the centralized agent construction system framework.
    keywords: agent; agent construction; construction; construction system; management; model; project; system
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        item: #5938 of 7527
          id: cet-4256
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - cet-01.docx
        date: 2016-01-07
       words: 3758
      flesch: 53
     summary: Cold chain logistics is closely related to food safety issues, demand for cold chain logistics in China is increased dramatically which was confirmed (Hu (2010)). Cold chain logistics is one kind of supply chain system which maintain a given temperature range.
    keywords: chain; data; humidity; information; logistics; rfid; temperature; time; zigbee
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        item: #5939 of 7527
          id: cet-4257
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - cet-01.docx
        date: 2016-01-07
       words: 4444
      flesch: 54
     summary: (2009) examined the economic consequences of constrained supply in agricultural cooperatives and deal with the effects of adding price contracts to the current cooperative contract. Contract prices are taken to be of a general window form, linear in the spot price but capped by upper and lower limits on realized contract price.
    keywords: enterprise; farmers; price; supply; trading
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        item: #5940 of 7527
          id: cet-4258
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - cet-01.docx
        date: 2016-01-07
       words: 4044
      flesch: 53
     summary: Kreng et al. (2012) discussed knowledge diffusion model of the substitutive knowledge based on the activity-based costing (ABC) model and the diffusion model of single knowledge, presented to evaluate the changes of knowledge value and its corresponding enterprise benefits. Based on the complex network theory, using the method of combining qualitative analysis and model deduction, we established a knowledge diffusion network model that view staff of supply chain as network node, discussed the mechanism of knowledge diffusion, analysed the main control parameters which impact on the speed of knowledge diffusion, and we found of knowledge diffusion laws of the supply chain network process.
    keywords: chain; diffusion; knowledge; knowledge diffusion; model; network; owner; supply
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        item: #5941 of 7527
          id: cet-4259
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - cet-01.docx
        date: 2016-01-07
       words: 3376
      flesch: 64
     summary: The selection of initial clustering centers determines the quality of the algorithm. After eliminating the isolated points, the remaining data objects run the K-means clustering algorithm for clustering results.
    keywords: algorithm; centers; clustering; data; points
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        item: #5942 of 7527
          id: cet-426
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 18patella.docx
        date: 2017-09-12
       words: 2777
      flesch: 37
     summary: The increase of transmembrane flux is not linearly dependent on the Ag NPs concentration: flux increased by 170% when changing from PVDF-15% Ag NPs to PVDF-20% Ag NPs membrane, and by further 20% when adopting PVDF-25% Ag NPs membrane. Figure 3: Time-variant performance of thermoplasmonic VMD system equipped with PVDF membranes at different Ag NPs content (feed: 0.5M NaCl solution): a) relative temperature increase in the bulk of the outlet feed stream with starting temperature of 30°C; b) transmembrane flux of water vapour.
    keywords: feed; flux; membrane; nps; temperature
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        item: #5943 of 7527
          id: cet-4260
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - cet-01.docx
        date: 2016-01-07
       words: 3862
      flesch: 48
     summary: Figure 1: Comprehensive evaluation index of Sci- tech innovation and Sci-tech finance in Hunan cities Figure 2: The spatial difference between Sci-tec innovation and Sci-tech finance coupling coordination degree in Hunan 545 4. From the angle of space, Hunan province Sci-tech innovation and Sci-tech finance coordination degree have obvious regional imbalance, the Changsha-Zhuzhou-Xiangtan core region has highest coupling coordination level.
    keywords: coordination; coupling; degree; development; finance; innovation; sci; tech; tech finance; tech innovation
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        item: #5944 of 7527
          id: cet-4261
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - cet-01.docx
        date: 2016-01-07
       words: 3308
      flesch: 61
     summary: Much of the research on supply chain contract has assumed that the agents in the supply chain are risk neutral. Fisher and Raman (1996) reported much of the research on supply chain contract has assumed that the agents in the supply chain are risk neutral.
    keywords: chain; contract; retailer; risk; supply
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        item: #5945 of 7527
          id: cet-4262
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - cet-01.docx
        date: 2016-01-07
       words: 3483
      flesch: 58
     summary: is transaction price, rP is reservation price of consumers (suppose that it is the same in group purchase groups), tC is the cost of group purchase marketing and fees 555 paid to group purchase websites, and 0C is total cost of production. Under this background, Kauffman and Wang (2001) first conducted the research on the behavior of group purchase consumer, and following it many researchers from home and abroad have studied the online group purchase company from many perspectives.
    keywords: consumers; discrimination; group; price; purchase; welfare
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        item: #5946 of 7527
          id: cet-4263
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - cet-01.docx
        date: 2016-01-07
       words: 3407
      flesch: 23
     summary: References Andrew W.K, Conard N.J., 2012, “Settlement patterns during the earlier and middle stone age around Langebaan Lagoon, Western Cape (South Africa)”, Quaternary International, 270: 15-29, DOI: 10.1016/j.quaint.2011.06.038 Badr M.A., Hussein S.D.A., l-Tohamy W.A.F., Gruda N., 2010, “Efficiency of subsurface drip irrigation for potato production under different dry stress conditions”, Gesunde Pflanzen, 62(2): 63-70, DOI: 10.1007/s10343-010-0222-x Eldrandaly K., 2010, “A GEP-based spatial decision support system for multisite land use allocation”, Applied Soft Computing, 10: 694-702, DOI: 10.1016/j.asoc.2009.07.014 Grace M.G., Seabrook L., Jackobson C., McAlpine C., Price B., Baxter G., 2011, “Land cover change under un-planned human settlements: a Study of the Chyulu Hills squatters, Kenya”, Landscape and Urban Planning, 99: 154-165, DOI: 10.1016/j.landurbplan.2010.10.002 Kao C., 2009, “Efficiency measurement for parallel production systems”, European Journal of Operational Research, 196(3): 1107-1112, DOI: 10.1016/j.ejor.2008.04.020 Latinopoulos D., 2009, “Multicriteria decision-making for efficient water and land resources allocation in irrigated agriculture”, Environment, Development and Sustainability, 11(2): 329-343, DOI: 10.1007/s10668- 007-9115-2 Marques J.E., Samper J., Pisani B., Alvares D., Carvalho J.M., Chaminé H.I., Marques J.M., Vieira G.T., Mora C., Borges F.S., 2011, “Evaluation of water resources in a high-mountain basin in Serra da Estrela, Central Portugal, using a semi-distributed hydrological model”, Environmental Earth Science, 62(6): 1219-1234, DOI: 10.1007/s12665-010-0610-7 Nahry A.H.E., Mohamed E.S., 2011, “Potentiality of land and water resources in African Sahara:a case study of south Egypt”, Environuiental Earth Sciences, 63(6):1263-1275, DOI:10.1007/s12665-010-0799-5 Newbold S.C., 2002, “Integrated modeling for watershed management: multiple objectives and spatial effects”, Journal of the American Water Resources Association Middleburg, 38(2): 338-341 DOI: 10.1111/j.1752- 1688.2002.tb04321.x Okubo S., Takeuehi K., Chakranon B., Jongskul A., 2003, “Land characteristics and plant resources in relation to agricultural land-use planning in a humid tropical strand plain, southeastern Thailand”, Landscape and Urban Planning, 65(3): 133-148, doi: 10.1016/S0169-2046(03)00011-2 Serra T., Zilberman D., Jose M., Featherstone G.A., 2009, “The effects of decoupling on land allocation”, Applied Economics, 41(18): 2323-2333, DOI: 10.1080/00036840701222520 Straatman B., Hasbani J.G., Tang T., Berg K., Moreno N., Marceau D.J., 2011, “Linking a land-use cellular automata with a water allocation model to simulate land development constrained by water availability in the Elbow River Watershed in southern Alberta”, GEOMATICA, 65(4): 365-374, DOI: 10.5623/cig2011-059 Tian G.J., Qiao Z., Zhang Y.Q., 2012, “The investigation of relationship between rural settlement density, size, spatial distribution and its geophysical parameters of China using landsat TMImages”, Ecological Modelling, 231: 25-36, DOI: 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2012.01.023 Winz I., Brierley G., Trowsdale S., 2009, “The use of system dynamics simulation in water resources management”, Water Resources Management, 23: 1301-1323, DOI: 10.1007/s11269-008-9328-7 Yao W .W., Ma X.Y., Li J., 2011, “Simulation of point source wetting pattern of subsurface drip irrigation”, Irrigation Science, 29: 331-339, DOI: 10.1007/s00271-010-0236-2 564 In order to analyze regional difference in optimum allocation efficiency of water-land resources, the article selected panel data of 2011 to make up input-output index system of optimum allocation efficiency on water- land resources.
    keywords: allocation; allocation efficiency; china; efficiency; index; input; land; land resources; regions; resources; water
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        item: #5947 of 7527
          id: cet-4264
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - cet-01.docx
        date: 2016-01-07
       words: 2862
      flesch: 49
     summary: Wiley, DOI: 10.1002/047084535X Pham D.T., Liu X., 1996, Training of Elman networks and dynamic system modeling, International Journal of Systems Science, 27(2), 221–226, DOI: 10.1080/00207729608929207 Saadettin A., Aydin M., 2011, Elman neural network-based nonlinear state estimation for induction motors, Turkish Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences, 19(6), 861-875, DOI: 10.3906/elk-1002- 406 Song Q., 2010, On the W eight Convergence of Elman Networks, Neural Networks on IEEE Transactions, 21(3), 463-480, DOI: 10.1109/TNN.2009.2039226 Wang J.J., Zhang W.Y., Li Y.N., Wang J.Z., Dang Z.L., 2014, Forecasting wind speed using empirical mode decomposition and Elman neural network, Applied Soft Computing, 23, 452-459, DOI: 10.1016/j.asoc.2014.06.027 Wu W., Xu D.P., Li Z.X., 2008, Convergence of gradient method for Elman networks, Applied Mathematics and Mechanics, 29(9), 1231-1238, DOI: 10.1007/s10483-008-0912-z Zhong C.W., 2014, Empirical research on the impact of China's stock market on the real economy, Exploration of economic problems, 00(04), 34-39, doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-2912.2014.04.006 570 References Aussem A., 1999, Dynamical recurrent neural networks towards prediction and modeling of dynamical systems, Neurocomputing, 28, 207-232, doi: 10.1016/S0925-2312(98)00125-8 Chandra R., 2014, Memetic cooperative coevolution of Elman recurrent neural networks, Soft Computing, 18(8), 1549-1559, DOI: 10.1007/s00500-013-1160-1 Ciarlini P., Maniscalco U., 2008, Wavelets and Elman Neural Networks for monitoring environmental variables, Journal of Computational and Applied Mathematics, 221(2), 302-309, DOI: 10.1016/j.cam.2007.10.040 Cui A.Q., Xu H., Jia P.F., 2011, An Elman neural network-based model for predicting anti-germ performances and ingredient levels with limited experimental data, Expert Systems with Applications, 38(7), 8186-8192, DOI: 10.1016/j.eswa.2010.12.164 Elman J.L., 1990, Finding structure in time, Cognitive Science, 14, 179-211, DOI: 10.1207/s15516709cog1402_1 Hsu C.F., 2014, Adaptive backstepping Elman-based neural control for unknown nonlinear systems, Neurocomputing, 136, 170-179, DOI: 10.1016/j.neucom.2014.01.015 Kremer S.C., 1995, On the computational power of Elman-style recurrent networks, Neural Networks, 6(4), 1000-1004, DOI: 10.1109/72.392262 Li P.H., Li Y.G., Xiong Q.Y., Chai Y., Zhang Y., 2014, Application of a hybrid quantized Elman neural network in short-term load forecasting, International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems, 55, 749 -759, DOI: 10.1016/j.ijepes.2013.10.020 Mandic D.P., and Chambers J.A., 2001, Recurrent Neural Networks for Prediction: Learning Algorithms, Architecture and Stability, 2001:
    keywords: elman; input; layer; model; network; output; stock
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        item: #5948 of 7527
          id: cet-4265
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - cet-01.docx
        date: 2016-01-07
       words: 2713
      flesch: 58
     summary: Performance analysis model of sports talent training in colleges 3.1 Selection of performance analysis indicator According to strategies of sports talents training in colleges and universities introduced in Section 2, it is seen that the effect of training can be directly reflected on athlete qualities. In this paper, strategies, methods and approaches for sports talent training of colleges are studied and discussed and training performance is evaluated.
    keywords: colleges; membership; performance; sports; talent; training
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        item: #5949 of 7527
          id: cet-4266
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - cet-01.docx
        date: 2016-01-07
       words: 2958
      flesch: 70
     summary: The costs optimization model based on model predictive control 3.1 Model Predictive Control Like many technical inventions, the idea of the Model Predictive Control (MPC) appears to have been proposed long before the model came to the forefront. DOI: 10.3303/CET1546097 Please cite this article as: Li S.P., Wang X.H., 2015, The costs optimization model based on stochastic model predictive control in multi-level supply chain, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 46, 577-582 DOI:10.3303/CET1546097 577
    keywords: chain; control; costs; model; predictive; supply; supply chain
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        item: #5950 of 7527
          id: cet-4267
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - cet-01.docx
        date: 2016-01-07
       words: 4410
      flesch: 64
     summary: WS LT s LT CC s CC EC s EC ECC s ECC TQ s TQ AQ r AQ WF r WF ES r E                                                                               0 1 1 , 0, 0, 1, 2, , , , , , , , , , 0 n j n j j j WS LT CC EC ECC TQ AQ WF ES S j n s s s s s s r r r                       (4-5) 586   0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 max . . WS LT s LT CC s CC EC s EC ECC s ECC TQ s TQ AQ r                                                                              0 1 0 1 0 1 1 , 0, 0, 1, 2, , , , , , , , , , 0 n j n j j WF j n j j ES j n j j j WS LT CC EC ECC TQ AQ WF ES AQ WF r WF ES r ES j n s s s s s s r r r                                             (4-4) , , , , , , , , WS LT CC EC ECC TQ AQ WF ES s s s s s s r r r          are called slack variables, while , , , , WS LT CC EC ECC s s s s s      stands for overload input, , , , TQ AQ WF ES s r r r     stands for overload output.
    keywords: j j; j s; n j; s s;  ;  ;  ;  
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        item: #5951 of 7527
          id: cet-4268
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - cet-01.docx
        date: 2016-01-07
       words: 2598
      flesch: 47
     summary:  (13) 3.4 Establishment of the evaluation model and realization of the algorithm Through abovementioned analysis, the unified measurement of indicator j of physical education evaluation can be obtained, which is , a b j j j v v v    . Suppose there are m grades in the evaluation of physical education, the classic domain ijG of indicator j about evaluation grade i is: , a b ij ij ij G g g    , a b ij ij g g (8) The classic domain ijG is subject to standardization, as shown in Section 3.1 and gets: , a b ij ij ij H h h    , 0 1 a b ij ij h h   (9) 3.3 Weight of indicators
    keywords: colleges; education; evaluation; j j; physical
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        item: #5952 of 7527
          id: cet-4269
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - cet-01.docx
        date: 2016-01-07
       words: 2815
      flesch: 65
     summary: i i j i u u b u b u f u u a u u b u b u a u u a                                         0 1 j j u u 1 0 0.4 0.5 0.8 0.90.70.6  5f u  4f u  1f u 3f u  2f u Figure 5: Whitening weight functions of overall sunshine sports capacity According to the whitening weight functions in Figure 5, whitening weight functions of different evaluation levels can be expressed by the followings:  5 0 0.6 0.6 0.4 0.6 0.2 1 0.4 u u f u u u         (8)  4 0 0.5 0.7 0.5 0.5 0.6 0.1 0.7 0.6 0.7 0.1 1 0.6 u or u u u f u u u u                 (9)  3 0 0.6 0.8 0.6 0.6 0.7 0.1 0.8 0.7 0.8 0.1 1 0.7 u or u u u f u u u u                 (10)  2 0 0.7 0.9 0.7 0.7 0.8 0.1 0.9 0.7 0.9 0.1 1 0.8 u or u u f u u u u                (11)  1 0 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.9 0.1 1 0.9 u u f u u u         (12)
    keywords: u u;  
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        item: #5953 of 7527
          id: cet-427
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 18patella.docx
        date: 2017-09-12
       words: 3840
      flesch: 47
     summary: A nascent, still less explored alternative is the use of different industrial wastewaters as feed solutions. In the present work a high salinity waste brine from a fish processing factory and a low-salinity water from a sewage Membrane Bio Reactor (MBR) treatment plant were selected as feed solutions for a testing on a laboratory-scale RED unit.
    keywords: doi; drops; membrane; power; pressure; red; salinity; solutions; stack; wastewaters
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        item: #5954 of 7527
          id: cet-4270
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - cet-01.docx
        date: 2016-01-07
       words: 3655
      flesch: 53
     summary: Tang X.H., Yang Y. and Yang C., 2010, Life-cycle cost analysis and software development based on product structure tree, Journal of Central South University of Forestry &Technology, 30(5), p. 174-178, 10.14067/j. Vyas A., Cuenca R., Gaines L., 1998, An assessment of electric vehicle life cycle cost to consumers, SAE Technical Papers, 12, p. 161-172, 10.4271/982182. (1) 2.2 Cost model of manufacturing phase Cost of manufacturing phase is composed by m aterial procurement cost and vehicle production cost.
    keywords: bevs; combustion; cost; cycle; engine; environmental; lcc; life; model; stage; vehicles
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        item: #5955 of 7527
          id: cet-4271
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - cet-01.docx
        date: 2016-01-07
       words: 3155
      flesch: 69
     summary: * *0 0 * * 1 ( ) 1 ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) c c c c c c c c f d L r F F d L r c F F                          (7) Because of * * 1 * 0 c b c U A        , It may be achieved that: * 0 1 c     . [1 ( ) ] ( ) ( ) ( ) 1 ( ) ( ) c c c c c b c c F f d L r c U A A c f d L r F                               So max ( ) min ( ) c c c
    keywords: debt;  
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        item: #5956 of 7527
          id: cet-4272
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - cet-01.docx
        date: 2016-01-07
       words: 3027
      flesch: 52
     summary: Based on the analysis of strategy and working content of universities, this thesis combines models proposed home and abroad: it draws merits from mature international competency model (competency dictionary and general competency model) while taking into account working content of universities and finally a competency model that addresses the features of Chinese universities. Lichun641100.xie@126.com Human resources are the primary kind of university resources.
    keywords: competency; competency model; doi; evaluation; model; resource; universities
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        item: #5957 of 7527
          id: cet-4273
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - cet-01.docx
        date: 2016-01-07
       words: 2653
      flesch: 56
     summary: The application of BP neural network have to determine the network structure in advance, and the network structure optimization has always been the hot spot for researchers around the world, Cui Dongwen (2013) reported. Thus the variable vector algorithm in BP neural network need to be improved to reduce the initial learning epochs.
    keywords: area; income; network; neural; number; rural; tourism; training
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        item: #5958 of 7527
          id: cet-4274
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - cet-01.docx
        date: 2016-01-07
       words: 2726
      flesch: 58
     summary: The relative control chart is constituted on the basis of difference value between scenic spot load rate and scenic area load rate. (a) Control chart of the current load rate (b) Control chart of the total load rate of the scenic area of scenic spots Figure 8: The scenic spots in the current load rate control diagram and the total load rate control chart In Fig. 8(a), the yellow line J1 represents the load rate of scenic spot 1, the blue line is for scenic spot 2, while green line for scenic spot 3 and purple for scenic spot 4.
    keywords: area; carbon; chart; control; load; rate; spot
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        item: #5959 of 7527
          id: cet-4275
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - cet-01.docx
        date: 2016-01-07
       words: 2962
      flesch: 60
     summary: Because of the difficulty of expressing the experts' opinions exactly, hesitant fuzzy sets are introduced to form a multiple attribute decision making model. Thus, they defined hesitant fuzzy sets to deal with this problem, which allows the membership into a set demonstrated as several possible values between 0 and 1 (Torra and Narukawa (2009)).
    keywords: decision; distance
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        item: #5960 of 7527
          id: cet-4276
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - cet-01.docx
        date: 2016-01-07
       words: 2498
      flesch: 43
     summary: Throughout the previous studies, foreign scholars mainly use mature theories and models to evaluate e- marketing performance, and domestic scholars put focus on building e-marketing performance evaluation DOI: 10.3303/CET1546107 Please cite this article as: Zhou F., 2015, Enterprise e-marketing performance evaluation based on interval-valued intuitionistic fuzzy sets owa operator, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 46, 637-642 DOI:10.3303/CET1546107 637 index system, focus that domestic and foreign scholars put on is different, when doing e -marketing performance evaluation research, if synthesize the research methods of scholars both at home and abroad, the effect of 0 research would be better. Therefore, the experimental result is consistent with the artificial judgment, and the model is used for enterprise e-marketing performance evaluation is feasible.
    keywords: evaluation; interval; marketing; performance; sets
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        item: #5961 of 7527
          id: cet-4277
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - cet-01.docx
        date: 2016-01-07
       words: 2468
      flesch: 44
     summary: Problem of can't is the teacher's questions, moaning whinge -bags mechanical, but to have its naturalness, enlightening, logic; Students can't always problem of passive, some issues that need to be the teacher regarding the teaching subject, creating an environment of the students through observation, analysis, abstract; There are some problems is found in the process of students in learning and discussion and put forward. The reform of teaching mode and teaching method, First of all, to change to teach the teacher as the center of the traditional teaching idea, to give full play to the initiative and creativity of students.
    keywords: mathematics; problem; process; questions; students; teaching
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        item: #5962 of 7527
          id: cet-4278
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - cet-01.docx
        date: 2016-01-07
       words: 3061
      flesch: 50
     summary: Big data doesn’t equal to simple accumulation of data, at the same time of information explosion, the data mining technology are developing rapidly, big data mainly collects the objects’ multidimensional data through various channels, then with analysis and mining of huge amounts of data, finds out the potential patterns of behaviors or related information. Moreover, SMEs are easily affected by environment and policy, with the advent of the era of big data, more and more factors are generated, the traditional evaluation model based on the project’s own financial status is difficult to satisfy the expected forecast.
    keywords: data; development; enterprises; equity; investment; method; network; neural; smes
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        item: #5963 of 7527
          id: cet-4279
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - cet-01.docx
        date: 2016-01-07
       words: 3408
      flesch: 44
     summary: Unetched Aluminum Foil b.2:1 c.3:1 d.4:1 657 The galvanostatic graph of the above four kinds of aluminum foil super capacitor is shown in Figure 5. Figure 5: The galvanostatic curve of super capacitor Figure 6: The specific capacitance of super capacitor with different aluminum foil etching solution with different etching solution concentration 5. Effect of tunnel structure on the specific capacitance of etched aluminum foil.
    keywords: aluminum; aluminum foil; capacitor; current; density; etching; figure; foil; super
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        item: #5964 of 7527
          id: cet-428
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 18patella.docx
        date: 2017-09-12
       words: 2194
      flesch: 54
     summary: Physical parameters from marine water with thermotolerant coliforms before of treatment. The thermotolerant coliforms in T1, T2 and T3 were within the Water’s Environmental Quality Standard (EQS), which is 1000 CFU/100mL. • The best treatment reduction Efficiency of thermotolerant coliforms in marine water was in T1 by applying air- ozone micro-nanobubbles.
    keywords: coliforms; marine; ozone; thermotolerant; treatment; water
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        item: #5965 of 7527
          id: cet-4280
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - cet-01.docx
        date: 2016-01-07
       words: 3267
      flesch: 51
     summary: Figure 1: Sandwich structure proposed by Lorentz et al (2008) Figure 2: Schematic of used tire cushion layer Research has reference sense for further study of used tires cushion layer.
    keywords: bag; capacity; cushion; energy; layer; sand; set; tires; wire
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        item: #5966 of 7527
          id: cet-4281
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - cet-01.docx
        date: 2016-01-07
       words: 2602
      flesch: 56
     summary: Cracked span length beam element for service load analysis of steel concrete composite bridges. Being 17.3 m wide(Xu and Zhang 2008), it is a continuous pre-stressed concrete box beam bridge, with four lanes, span being 3×25m, continuous pre-stressed concrete box girder being 1.65m high, the mid-span section web being 0.4 thick, bottom plate being 0.22m, top plate being 0.25m, the pivot point of the section web at the foot of the girder being 0.6m, side pivot being 0.5m. Figure 1: Transverse cracks on the bottom The appearance inspection and static loading tests show that: there exists many transverse cracks at the bottom of the 1st and the 9th span continuous box beam with the largest crack being 0.2mm wide (Figure 1) (Yepes et al. 2015);a
    keywords: assumption; beam; bridge; concrete; figure; loading; reinforcement; span; steel
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        item: #5967 of 7527
          id: cet-4282
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - cet-01.docx
        date: 2016-01-07
       words: 3073
      flesch: 46
     summary: Seismic waves produced with a small amount of explosives in the focal point. Seismic wave in the form of spherical wave propagation in the coal and rock, when faced with petrol physical interface (that is, the interface wave impedance difference such as fault, rock fracture zone and collapse column structure), part of the seismic signal reflected, another part of the signal refraction into the front.
    keywords: coal; detection; fracture; multi; reflection; rock; wave; yes; zone
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        item: #5968 of 7527
          id: cet-4283
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - cet-01.docx
        date: 2016-01-07
       words: 4401
      flesch: 58
     summary: Keywords: thin bedrock; roof water inrush; overlying rock structure; caving zone; The rock structural mechanics models should be classified as rupture, separation, bend, and loose impact layer zones, which further broadens an understanding of the mechanism of roof water inrush.
    keywords: aquifer; clay; coal; drilling; height; layer; roof; water; zone
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        item: #5969 of 7527
          id: cet-4284
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - cet-01.docx
        date: 2016-01-07
       words: 3531
      flesch: 56
     summary: In order to overcome the over-segmentation problem appeared after crack extracting, this paper proposes the concept of general data field, which is based on the characteristic that the ratio between grayscale change steep area and total area is statistically less in dam crack images, and serves the increase and decrease of gradient entropy after region merging as the criterion of judging region merging. Afterwards, combined with that criterion, this paper designs an adaptive algorithm which can calculate the threshold of watershed edge segmentation, and that algorithm can solve the over-segmentation problem in crack image extracting effectively.
    keywords: classification; crack; dam; data; data field; field; grid; method; potential; value
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        item: #5970 of 7527
          id: cet-4285
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - cet-01.docx
        date: 2016-01-07
       words: 3184
      flesch: 57
     summary: This model has been built with the consideration of horizontal compression-only nonlinearity and vertical friction effect of pile side soil and nonlinear indentation and lift-off effect of pile tip soil. This model takes into account the horizontal nonlinearity and vertical nonlinear frication of pile side soil and nonlinear indentation and lift-off effect of pile tip soil.
    keywords: analysis; foundations; loading; model; pile; soil; spring; test
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        item: #5971 of 7527
          id: cet-4286
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - cet-01.docx
        date: 2016-01-07
       words: 3400
      flesch: 62
     summary: Physical, empirical, and statistical approaches are widely used to evaluate debris flow susceptibility (Montgomery and Dietrich (1994); This paper aims to determine debris flow susceptibility using a combination weighting and an improved fuzzy C-means clustering.
    keywords: algorithm; combination; debris; factors; flow; method; susceptibility; weights
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        item: #5972 of 7527
          id: cet-4287
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - cet-01.docx
        date: 2016-01-07
       words: 2976
      flesch: 52
     summary: The method of analysis is field testing, include indoor air temperature and humidity, outdoor air temperature and humidity .The result shows the relationship between indoor thermal environment and envelope materials, heating methods, location of room s. The bedroom PMV value is 1 in 14:00 with indoor hotter and the other time indoor thermal environment in a comfortable range, living room PMV value below 0
    keywords: building; environment; indoor; liu; living; room; temperature; test; winter
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        item: #5973 of 7527
          id: cet-4288
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - cet-01.docx
        date: 2016-01-07
       words: 3357
      flesch: 61
     summary: Under the earthquake horizontal stress and the dead weight of landslide body, there is a brittle shear failure of the locking section of rock. Microsoft Word - cet-01.docx The Mechanic Model of Tension-shearing Landslide Triggered by Wenchuan Earthquake Zuan Pei*, Runqiu Huang, Qiang Xu, Xiangjun Pei State key Laboratory of Geohazard Prevention and Geoenvironment Protection, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, 610059, China 27825683@qq.com Under complex geologic conditions, the Wenchuan Earthquake, with its high magnitude and unusually long duration of shock, has triggered massive landslides.
    keywords: area; congeries; earthquake; landslide; mountain; section; wenchuan
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        item: #5974 of 7527
          id: cet-4289
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - cet-01.docx
        date: 2016-01-07
       words: 3466
      flesch: 72
     summary: wangcm@jlu.edu.cn Hoek-Brown criterion is widely used to predict rock strength and analyze stability. The fractal dimension of rock discontinuities is a function which combined with rock strength, the formation of environmental and engineering geological characteristics.
    keywords: criterion; gsi; hoek; rock; slope; strength
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        item: #5975 of 7527
          id: cet-429
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 18patella.docx
        date: 2017-09-12
       words: 4083
      flesch: 36
     summary: 320 Also in plants chitin and its derived compounds seem effective against bacterial, fungi and viruses attack because capable to induce its defenses and stimulate the growth and activity of beneficial microbes. The hydrolyzed lignin portion of plant biomass, in fact, releases different phenolic acid-derivatives of hydroxybenzoic acid, such as the p-hydroxybenzoic and vanillic acids as well as the hydroxycinamic acid-derivatives, such as p-coumaric and cerulic acid, as previously reported.
    keywords: chitin; immune; ingredients; lignin; materials; morganti; plant; production; products; use
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        item: #5976 of 7527
          id: cet-4290
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - cet-01.docx
        date: 2016-01-07
       words: 2634
      flesch: 50
     summary: Li X., Cheng G.D., Lu L., 2007, Comparison of spatial interpolation methods, Advances in Earth Science, vol. 16(5): 5-13 Zhao T., Yang X.Y., 2012, Research on spatial interpolation methods of annual average precipitation on Loss Plateau, Ground Water, vol.
    keywords: data; icesat; interpolation; kriging; lvliang; methods; mountain; research; results
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        item: #5977 of 7527
          id: cet-4291
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - cet-01.docx
        date: 2016-01-07
       words: 2508
      flesch: 49
     summary: W hen testing, making the cohesive soil with different water content fill the cup and play the conical instrument in clay surface, and then release of conical instrument make it into the soil sample, if the vertebral insertion depth up to 10mm, at this time, the water content of soil sample is liquid limit of cohesive soil. The test use Leveraged compression apparatus, get soil sample with cutting ring, the volume of cutting ring is 100 cm3, 2 cm in height, when set up the instrument, in order to guarantee soil sample is pervious to water fully, put filter paper and porous stone on and under the saturated soil sample.
    keywords: interface; pile; sand; shear; soil; strength; test
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        item: #5978 of 7527
          id: cet-4292
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - cet-01.docx
        date: 2016-01-07
       words: 2995
      flesch: 46
     summary: This system realizes spatial information analysis, ecological risk assessment and results visualization functions. Introduction Chen and Liu (2014) reported ecological risk assessment (ERA) is a major part of the environmental risk assessment which assesses the potential harmfulness of one or more risk factors to the ecological results.
    keywords: assessment; data; ecological; environment; oilfield; pollution; receptor; risk; risk assessment; system
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        item: #5979 of 7527
          id: cet-4293
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - cet-01.docx
        date: 2016-01-07
       words: 2479
      flesch: 45
     summary: Android system is the name of the open source mobile phone operating system which is based on Linux platform, and is made by Google Company in 2007. The system is based on Android operating system smart phone.
    keywords: android; control; environment; greenhouse; mobile; module; monitoring; software; system
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        item: #5980 of 7527
          id: cet-4294
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - cet-01.docx
        date: 2016-01-07
       words: 2252
      flesch: 59
     summary: In this paper, to achieve rational distribution of municipal pipe network in Bayi Town Centre Area, Box dimension and Rank dimension are used to carry out evaluation studies on the planning of water supply network and drainage network in Bayi Town. The Rank dimension of drainage network meets the law of optimization, so there is no problem that drainage network can achieve its basic functions, but the Length ratio and Branch ratio of it are small.
    keywords: dimension; drainage; fractal; network; ratio; supply; water
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        item: #5981 of 7527
          id: cet-4295
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - cet-01.docx
        date: 2016-01-07
       words: 2791
      flesch: 47
     summary: In the process of oil migration, as interaction should happen between polar nitrogen compounds and the surrounding rock surface, the concentration of the nitrogen compounds would decrease, and the ratio of different isomers would vary. For basin with fault, the fault imposed great influence on the process of oil migration and reservation, and the dynamics of oil migration was often connected with tectonic stress.
    keywords: area; basin; carbazole; gas; migration; north; oil; region; zhenjing
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        item: #5982 of 7527
          id: cet-4296
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - cet-01.docx
        date: 2016-01-07
       words: 2969
      flesch: 51
     summary: 4.1 Construct the system of decision making evaluation indexes On the basis of practical technical level in China construction and Catastrophe evaluation theory, the system of decision making evaluation indexes is constructed. Catastrophe progression evaluation method comes from the catastrophe model, which can be used to solve the multi-attribute decision making problem (Hidekazu et al (2014), Lev and Alexander (2015)).
    keywords: catastrophe; construction; decision; evaluation; indexes; making; method; scheme; system
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        item: #5983 of 7527
          id: cet-4297
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - cet-01.docx
        date: 2016-01-07
       words: 3307
      flesch: 61
     summary: The coarse grain alkaline granite of Laoding DOI: 10.3303/CET1546128 Please cite this article as: Song Z.J., Tang W.J., Liu X.Q., Wang L.B., Xiang S.B., Li J.P., Yang S.S., 2015, Genesis and geological significance of granite caves in laoshan of china, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 46, 763-768 DOI:10.3303/CET1546128 763 sub-superunit is light grey, greyish white or light flesh red, which is miarolitic granite. 3.2 Primary Cave At present, a batch of primary granite caves have been discovered in the tourist attraction of Laoshan[Committee of Qingdao Chronicles Compilation(1999) has reported, Song et al(2012) has reported, Song et al(2013) has reported], which are commonly called bubble-like caves(Figure.2d)..
    keywords: bubble; cave; granite; laoshan; miarolitic; rolling; stone; type
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        item: #5984 of 7527
          id: cet-4298
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - cet-01.docx
        date: 2016-01-07
       words: 3810
      flesch: 59
     summary: The average wind velocity from 2000-2005 was 2.34 m/s. Figure 4: Annual wind velocity anomaly and cumulative anomaly from 1951 to 2005 in Shiyang River 3.4 Zhou J.J., Shi P.J., Shi W., 2012, Temporal and spatial characteristics of climate change and extreme dry and wet events in Shiyang River basin from 1960 to 2009, Journal of Natural Resources, 27(1), 143-153, 1000- 3037(2012)01-0143-11.
    keywords: anomaly; average; humidity; rainfall; temperature; years
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        item: #5985 of 7527
          id: cet-4299
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - cet-01.docx
        date: 2016-01-07
       words: 3307
      flesch: 35
     summary: Conclusions The construction of mountain torrent disaster warning systems for the small river basins can further improve the prevention and control measures for various mountain torrents and geological disasters, so that the warning information can be timely and accurately sent to the risky regions and the related persons can adopt the precautionary measures in time according to the flood prevention plans. Guo L., Tang X.Z., Kong F.Z., 2007, Studies on mountain flood warning system based on distributed hydrological model and its application, China Water Resources, (14): 23-4.
    keywords: disaster; flood; forecasting; information; management; mountain; mountain torrent; system; torrent; warning; water
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        item: #5986 of 7527
          id: cet-430
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 18patella.docx
        date: 2017-09-12
       words: 3763
      flesch: 47
     summary: Increasing content of petroleum hydrocarbon concentrations noted in some samples in separate seasons is most likely due to the spotted distribution of these in the Caspian Sea. Since environmental factors play an essential role in the processes of formation of the resource potential of the Caspian Sea, the deterioration of the quality of the water condition due to external natural and anthropogenic factors and the continuing unstable state of marine biota, the technogenic load will inevitably lead to ecosystem degradation and irreparable damage the biota of the Caspian Sea (Patin, 2008).
    keywords: caspian; concentration; oil; sea; water; zooplankton
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        item: #5987 of 7527
          id: cet-4300
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - cet-01.docx
        date: 2016-01-07
       words: 3481
      flesch: 60
     summary: Chen Y. K., Wang Y. M., Xu R. Q.and Gong X. N., 2004, Numerical analysis of passive earth pressure on rigid retaining wall, Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, vol. Fang Y. S., Ho Y. C. and Chen T. J., 2002, Passive earth pressure with critical state concept, Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, vol.
    keywords: backfill; case; earth; failure; pressure; soil; surface; wall
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        item: #5988 of 7527
          id: cet-4301
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - cet-01.docx
        date: 2016-01-07
       words: 3661
      flesch: 62
     summary: Results and analysis 3.1 Effects of PAM dosage on soil erosion modulus Fig. 1 shows the effects of PAM dosage on soil erosion modulus. In order to explore the technology of soil and water conservation in coastal saline soil area, improve the prevention and control of soil erosion, white clover (Trifolium repens L) combined with different dosage of polyacrylamide (PAM) was applied to the soil and water conservation in plot tests, and the influence of PAM on the soil and water conservation effects of white clover (Trifolium repens L) was examined.
    keywords: clover; conservation; dosage; effects; erosion; evapotranspiration; pam; soil; water; white
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        item: #5989 of 7527
          id: cet-4302
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - cet-01.docx
        date: 2016-01-07
       words: 3041
      flesch: 42
     summary: sxzlj@126.com Identification of areas susceptible to mountain torrent disasters is the basis of decision making for river basin flood control and flood disaster loss analysis, and analysis for those areas in small basin lacking data is key and difficult points of our study. Identification of areas susceptible to mountain torrent disasters is the basis of decision making for flood control and flood loss estimation.
    keywords: areas; basin; catchment; data; disasters; flood; mountain; mountain torrent; torrent; water; year
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        item: #5990 of 7527
          id: cet-4303
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - cet-01.docx
        date: 2016-01-07
       words: 3892
      flesch: 67
     summary: In addition, provide test foundation for the design of steel pipe anti-sliding pile through observing pile body and damages of landslide. Among them, the application of anti-slide pile is more extensive(Ashour and Ardalan 2012; Xu and Niu 2014).
    keywords: anti; moment; pile; pressure; section; sliding; soil; soil pressure
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        item: #5991 of 7527
          id: cet-4304
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - cet-01.docx
        date: 2016-01-07
       words: 3044
      flesch: 47
     summary: Hence, this work was carried out to assess the performance of iron- carbon filler on the nitrite accumulation, COD removal, nitrogen and phosphorus removal in the course of short-cut nitrification and denitrification. The COD, TP and NH4+-N removal efficiency and catalytic selectivity to N2 were calculated as: COD removal efficiency (%) = C0-Ct C0 × 100% (3) Nitrate removal efficiency (%) = C'0-C't C0 × 100% (4) Nitrite removal efficiency (%) = C'0-C't C0 × 100% (5) TP removal efficiency (%) = C''0 -C''t C0 × 100% (6) where C0 is the initial concentration of COD in wastewater (mg/L), Ct is the COD concentration (mg/L) at time t (min) ; C'0 is the initial concentration of nitrate in wastewater (mg/L), C't is the nitrate concentration (mg/L) at time t (min); C'0 is the initial concentration of nitrite in wastewater (mg/L), C't is the nitrite concentration (mg/L) at time t (min) ; C''0 is the initial concentration of TP in wastewater (mg/L), C''t is the TP concentration (mg/L) at time t (min) .
    keywords: carbon; efficiency; filler; iron; nitrite; nitrogen; phosphorus; removal
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        item: #5992 of 7527
          id: cet-4305
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - cet-01.docx
        date: 2016-01-07
       words: 2971
      flesch: 55
     summary: It can be observed from the range value difference R that among short blade design influencing factors: the primary and secondary sequence that influences lift is ACDB. 812 4.2 Simulation test results of orthogonal method The above 16 kinds of compound impeller centrifugal pump design schemes have been performed simulating calculation, as shown in figure 1.
    keywords: blade; compound; design; efficiency; impeller; lift; pump; value
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        item: #5993 of 7527
          id: cet-4306
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - cet-01.docx
        date: 2016-01-07
       words: 2942
      flesch: 47
     summary: The research of wind resistant effect for plate chimney belongs to the category of structure wind engineering. The research methods of structure wind engineering mainly include: Theoretical analysis, field measurement, wind tunnel test, numerical simulation (He (2012)).
    keywords: chimney; figure; height; opening; plate; pressure; simulation; stress; structure; wind
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        item: #5994 of 7527
          id: cet-4307
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - cet-01.docx
        date: 2016-01-07
       words: 2528
      flesch: 60
     summary: Each stage of the geometric model and creep effect as shown in figure 3 to figure 4, creep effect, the cumulative effect, and the ratio are shown in table 1-2. 4.1 48+80+48m Prestressed concrete continuous girder bridge For 48+80+48m continuous beam, when the segmental construction cycle is 5 days, 10 days, 15 days and 20 days, creep effect after the bridge finished within three years as shown in figure 3, creep effect, the cumulative effect and the ratio of middle span nodes are shown in table 1. (a) one year after the bridge finished (b) two years after the bridge finished 825 (c) three years after the bridge finished Figure 3: 48+80+48 m creep effect comparison after the bridge finished when the segment construction cycles is different Table 1: Creep effect, the cumulative effect and the ratio of middle span nodes Segment cycles One year Tow years Three years ε Σ ω ε Σ ω ε Σ ω 5days 3.966 -1.771 -223.941 4.316 1.470 293.605 3.694 4.218 87.577 10days 3.865 -1.565 -246.965 4.202 1.591 264.111 3.600 4.270 84.309 15days 3.786 -1.383 4.2 72m+128m+72m Prestressed concrete continuous girder bridge For 48+80+48m continuous beam, when the segmental construction cycle changes the creep effect after the bridge finished within three years as shown in figure 4, creep effect, the cumulative effect and the ratio of middle span nodes are shown in table 2. (a) one year after the bridge finished 826 (b) two years after the bridge finished (c) three years after the bridge finished Figure 4: 72+128+72 m creep effect comparison after the bridge finished when the segment construction cycles is different Table 2: Creep effect, the cumulative effect and the ratio of middle span nodes Segment cycles One year Tow years Three years ε Σ ω ε Σ ω ε Σ ω 5days 2.000 -12.100 -16.529
    keywords: bridge; construction; creep; effect; span
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        item: #5995 of 7527
          id: cet-4308
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - cet-01.docx
        date: 2016-01-07
       words: 3610
      flesch: 47
     summary: 4. Conclusions With the development of the Internet of things, job scheduling process is more and more important in intelligent manufacturing of virtual cloud enterprise. grongli@njit.edu.cn In-depth and detailed requirements of intelligent manufacturing are analyzed for the virtual cloud enterprise, and it is explained that the process of the main task of job scheduling about intelligent manufacturing based on Internet of things.
    keywords: column; internet; job; job scheduling; manufacturing; number; process; production; scheduling; ticket; work
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        item: #5996 of 7527
          id: cet-4309
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - cet-01.docx
        date: 2016-01-07
       words: 2942
      flesch: 44
     summary: Building energy efficiency and index evaluation system was not only the important key to decide whether a building was energy saving or not but also method of the result of the evaluation system. However, among the completed buildings, the area is 40 billion square meters, but the percentage of energy saving building is only 1%.
    keywords: building; efficiency; energy; evaluation; indicator; phase; saving; score; system
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        item: #5997 of 7527
          id: cet-431
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-431
        date: 2018-07-19
       words: 4010
      flesch: 43
     summary: Other metrics that have been used include: Emergy transformity, which measures the amount of “solar energy memory” embedded in energy streams (Bandyopadhyay et al., 2010); inoperability, which measures risk of partial supply failure (Tan and Foo, 2013); Energy Return on Investment (EROI), which measures the total input-output energy ratio over the lifetime of an energy system (Walmsley et al., 2014); and risk to humans as measured via statistical fatalities (Jia et al., 2016). The original CEPA paper dealt with primary energy allocation in three major geographic regions in the Philippines (Tan and Foo, 2007); this problem has recently been revisited based on economic sectors, in the context of analysing this country’s intended nationally determined contribution (INDC) to the Paris Accord (Tan et al., 2018).
    keywords: analysis; carbon; cepa; emissions; energy; et al; foo; pinch; planning; r.r; tan
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        item: #5998 of 7527
          id: cet-4310
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - cet-01.docx
        date: 2016-01-07
       words: 3593
      flesch: 48
     summary: Only 6 months magnetic field data are collected, which presents a definite attenuation. The attenuation of metal magnetic memory signal on the surface of the metal specimens can be explained by energy.
    keywords: data; day(d; energy; field; fitting; memory; metal; signal; specimen; stress
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        item: #5999 of 7527
          id: cet-4311
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - cet-01.docx
        date: 2016-01-07
       words: 3522
      flesch: 43
     summary: The concept of a safe operating window for the transient operation of RO membrane systems with wind power was first proposed by Feron (1985). Xenarios G., Papadopoulos P. and Tzen E., 2013, Wind desalination for the Island of Mykonos in Greece: a case study, Desalination and Water Treatment, Vol. 51, Issue 4-6, pp. 1219-1228, DOI:10.1080/19443994.2012.714603.
    keywords: component; control; desalination; level; operating; power; services; system; water; wind
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        item: #6000 of 7527
          id: cet-4312
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - cet-01.docx
        date: 2016-01-07
       words: 3439
      flesch: 61
     summary: China mayan@vip.163. com The author uses softwood Pinus koraiensis and hardwood Acer mono which are the common tree species to be the experimental materials in this paper, and the author mainly discussed several factors affecting the morphology of wood surface burr. These are to establish the mathematical model of wood burr, and to prepare subsequent for laser ablation, and they can provide research foundation for the laser sanding on the surface of wood products.
    keywords: burr; content; cutting; figure; grain; moisture; processing; surface; wood
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        item: #6001 of 7527
          id: cet-4313
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - cet-01.docx
        date: 2016-01-07
       words: 2881
      flesch: 51
     summary: 2. Depth Information Estimation of Micro Image Accurate measurement of digital image depth information is widely used in computer vision, automatic control, medical and other fields. Error value of digital image depth information 3.1 Analysis of experiment results 1) Advantages of the algorithm of depth information measurement based on energy distribution The maximum error can be seen in the range of 3 μm.
    keywords: algorithm; depth; estimation; image; image segmentation; information; micro; segmentation
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        item: #6002 of 7527
          id: cet-4314
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - cet-01.docx
        date: 2016-01-07
       words: 2609
      flesch: 45
     summary: yhs221@163.com At present, our country’s information base of ancient architecture has lagged behind the times. Significance of Parameterization and Digitalization of Ancient Architecture Around the world, ancient architecture has been important cultural heritage.
    keywords: architecture; figure; model; modeling; roof;  ;  
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        item: #6003 of 7527
          id: cet-4315
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - cet-01.docx
        date: 2016-01-07
       words: 2968
      flesch: 37
     summary: In accordance with the fundamental principles and methods of Human-Computer Interaction (HCI), this paper has explored the design process and methods on modeling technique of furniture equipment through studying the computer-aided modeling design of modern furniture products; and builds up a complete set of 2D and 3D sketch design system through demonstrating the transformation of furniture product modeling design from 2D to 3D, namely from freehand sketching, CAD to CATIA, which proved by experiments to have greatly shortened and increased the time and efficiency of product development from concept proposal to computer- aided modeling design, and to be significant for promoting the design and development of other products and equipment. Therefore, in the process of product design and development, the designer is required to express accurately, rigorously and effectively his/her design creativity and idea through the way of drawing with computer-aided software, thus shortening the time from the overall idea (sketch design), design expression (2D, 3D computer simulation), craft processing (material and texture) and component mounting to product sales (Sendin, M, Lopez-Gil, JM, Lopez-Jaquero, V, (2014)).
    keywords: computer; design; equipment; figure; furniture; interaction; modeling; process; sketch
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        item: #6004 of 7527
          id: cet-4316
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - cet-01.docx
        date: 2016-01-07
       words: 2517
      flesch: 47
     summary: 2.4 Sensitivity of LAMP assay Ten-fold serial dilutions (100–10−8) of DNA extracted from Khuskia oryzae were used as the template for LAMP reaction with the optimized condition described above. Khuskia oryzae has been identified by the next-generation DNA sequencing (NGS) techniques which was used to analyze the microbiology diversity of the jet fuel.
    keywords: detection; dna; fuel; khuskia; lamp; lfd; oryzae; pcr; reaction
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        item: #6005 of 7527
          id: cet-4317
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - cet-01.docx
        date: 2016-01-07
       words: 3274
      flesch: 48
     summary: This paper selects the industrial structure, total energy consumption, energy consumption structure and energy consumption density as the main analyze indicators. Various industries have different energy consumption related to their own characteristic, therefore changes in industry structure result the change in energy consumption structure.
    keywords: consumption; development; energy; industrial; industry; structure
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        item: #6006 of 7527
          id: cet-4318
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - cet-01.docx
        date: 2016-01-07
       words: 3338
      flesch: 42
     summary: In the study of the influence of automobile vibration on driving fatigue, Tiankoumenxing used the adrenaline content in urine to evaluate the degree of driving fatigue, and increased with the increase of the degree of driving fatigue, adrenaline containing increased Stephen evaluated the driver's fatigue by the car status, think that with the increase of driver fatigue, the driver driving operation instability will increase, collected motoring condition quantity through installing in sensor on steering wheel and accelerator pedal, compared with analysing its instability, thus judges the weary degree of pilot. In the experiment, the effects of different terrain conditions on driver fatigue are studied, and the characteristics of the driver's individual differences (such as age, physical condition, etc.) and the characteristics of freeway driving tests are studied.
    keywords: driver; driving; fatigue; heart; heart rate; rate; reaction; reaction time; road; time
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        item: #6007 of 7527
          id: cet-4319
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - cet-01.docx
        date: 2016-01-07
       words: 3681
      flesch: 53
     summary: Because ANFIS fuzzy inference system can the concept of control and neural network together, not only has the advantage of neural networks, such as learning ability, the ability to optimize the connection structure and the control object model does not rely on, there are the advantages of fuzzy control system, If-Then rules as thought humanoid and easy placement expertise. Thus, we can lower the neural network learning and computing capabilities to fuzzy control system, but can also be advanced, thinking and reasoning mechanisms humanoid
    keywords: anfis; control; data; input; learning; method; model; output; parameters; system; training
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        item: #6008 of 7527
          id: cet-432
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-432
        date: 2018-07-19
       words: 3583
      flesch: 38
     summary: The architecture of the software component-based computer-aided tools must allow flexibility to handle large and complex problems by breaking them down into smaller solvable problems (as in the case of 12 tasks based sustainable process design) while at the same time, designing different chemicals-based products through similar design templates but having different software components (for example, database and property models). ProCAPD (Kalakul et al. 2018) is an integrated tool for computer aided product design.
    keywords: chemical; computer; design; new; process; product; software; tools
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        item: #6009 of 7527
          id: cet-4320
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - cet-01.docx
        date: 2016-01-07
       words: 2550
      flesch: 60
     summary: With the rapid development of solar photovoltaic devices and high power LED device technology, the use of solar energy street lamps is much more extensive. Traditional solar energy street lamps have problems such as low control accuracy, poor anti-interference ability, high cost and so on.
    keywords: circuit; design; energy; lamps; leds; luminance; solar; street
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        item: #6010 of 7527
          id: cet-4321
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - cet-01.docx
        date: 2016-01-07
       words: 2904
      flesch: 48
     summary: Concrete filled steel tube is featured with high bearing capacity and good seismic performance. At home and abroad, the research of concrete filled steel tube has been mature and widely used, the research of recycled concrete filled steel tube mainly focuses on axial compression specimens, the research for the bending specimens is less, but most of members in practical process under both axial force and bending moment loads, and there is no absolutely axial compression member in practical process.
    keywords: bearing; capacity; compression; concrete; load; steel; tube
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        item: #6011 of 7527
          id: cet-4322
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - cet-01.docx
        date: 2016-01-07
       words: 2891
      flesch: 61
     summary: Debut A., Randoux S., and Zemmouri J., 2001, Experimental and theoretical study of linewidth narrowing in Brillouin fiber ring lasers. The spontaneous Brillouin scattering induced by the probe pulse from the sensing fiber is measured by heterodyning the output of Brillouin laser from the 20% port of coupler 2 with the backscattered light on a balanced PD.
    keywords: botdr; brillouin; fiber; fig; frequency; laser; pulse; shift
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        item: #6012 of 7527
          id: cet-4323
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - cet-01.docx
        date: 2016-01-07
       words: 2351
      flesch: 46
     summary: N., 2010, Ultrasonic treatment for micro-biological control of water systems. DIO: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2009.11.011 Duda S., Stout J.E., Vidic R.N., 2011, Biological control in cooling water systems using nonchemical treatment devices.
    keywords: control; figure; operation; pump; screen; system; treatment; water
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        item: #6013 of 7527
          id: cet-4324
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - cet-01.docx
        date: 2016-01-07
       words: 2296
      flesch: 51
     summary: Automobile glass not only protects the passenger, but also affects the security, appearance of automobile and passenger’s comfort. As a result, optical performance of automobile glass, which is the most parameter, has provoked the attention of manufacturer and consumer.
    keywords: automobile; detection; figure; glass; light; reflectivity; signal; system; transmissivity
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        item: #6014 of 7527
          id: cet-4325
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - cet-01.docx
        date: 2016-01-07
       words: 2921
      flesch: 65
     summary: Wang, Rad and Chan(2001), Akbarzadeh and Shahnazi.(2005), Bai et al.(2009), Liu, Liu and Jiang Jihai(2010) combined adaptive algorithms with fuzzy sliding mode control to enhance robust stability and weaken the high frequency chattering phenomenon in the control signal. Figure 2: Double adaptive fuzzy sliding mode control system 933 3.2 self-adaptive control algorithm design From equation (3), we have ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
    keywords: adaptive; control; e t; mode
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        item: #6015 of 7527
          id: cet-4326
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - cet-01.docx
        date: 2016-01-07
       words: 3964
      flesch: 35
     summary: In the temperature monitoring process of industrial production, when the monitoring distance or the environment changes, target temperature measurement can be achieved again only by re-measuring the atmospheric parameters and the environment temperature using the colorimetric temperature measurement method considering atmosphere and ambient radiation. As a non-contact temperature measurement method, colorimetric temperature measurement method has all the advantages of Radiation thermometry; in addition, colorimetric temperature measurement method can measure the true temperature of targets with unknown emissivity, which overcomes the difficulty of emissivity measurement during measuring temperature.
    keywords: measurement; method; radiance; radiation; targets; temperature; temperature measurement
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        item: #6016 of 7527
          id: cet-4327
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - cet-01.docx
        date: 2016-01-07
       words: 2672
      flesch: 35
     summary: Activity decomposition activity decomposition is a collaborative workflow design method which uses a single activity as collaborative boundary. 945 The access control of activity decomposition model is shown in Figure 2.
    keywords: activity; business; decomposition; design; model; pattern; process; workflow
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        item: #6017 of 7527
          id: cet-4328
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - cet-01.docx
        date: 2016-01-07
       words: 3106
      flesch: 45
     summary: Through the figure 1, we can get that the model and algorithm put forward in this paper can make an efficient adjustment to the train operation plan with a rational and feasible result, which ensures the train operate as scheduled, and provide a new, efficient and feasible way to the train operation adjustment Table 1: Original train operation plan. 10:44 G115 9:16 9:37 9:39 10:03 10:03 10:19 10:19 10:36 10:38 11:02 G41 9:33 9:52 9:52 10:08 10:10 10:30 10:30 10:53 10:55 11:19 D317 9:38 9:59 10:01 10:17 10:17 10:42 10:56 11:26 — — G13 0:00 10:17 10:17 10:29 10:29 10:49 10:49 11:12 　— — D335 10:30 10:51 10:53 11:10 — — — — — — G119 10:45 11:06 — — — — — — — — Langf ang Tianjin South Cangzhou West Dezhou East Note: the italics in the figure show the adjusted arrival time and departure time Figure 1: adjusted train operation diagram 6.
    keywords: adjustment; algorithm; evolution; formula; operation; speed; step; time; train; train operation
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        item: #6018 of 7527
          id: cet-4329
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - cet-01.docx
        date: 2016-01-07
       words: 4021
      flesch: 63
     summary: In the second phase, the injection gas enters the tubing from the annulus via gas lift valve. Journal of Petroleum Technology, 54(5), 60-74, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/0502-0060-JPT Everitt T. A., 1994, Gas-Lift Optimization in a Large, Mature GOM Field, SPE28466, 25-33, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/28466-MS Guerrero-Sarabia I., Fairuzov Y.V. 2004, Stability Analysis of Gas Lift Wells Used for Deepw ater Oil Production, SPE 104037, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/104037-MS Gutierrez F., et al. 2007, A new approach to gas lift optimization using an integrated asset model, SPE - 11594-MS, 1371–1380, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.2523/11594-MS Hu B., Golan M., 2003, Gas-lift Instability Resulted Production Loss and Its Remedy by Feedback Control: Dynamic Simulation Results, SPE 84917, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/84917-MS Loganathan.
    keywords: gas; gas lift; lift; lift valve; pressure; process; tubing; unloading; valve
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        item: #6019 of 7527
          id: cet-433
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-433
        date: 2018-07-19
       words: 2992
      flesch: 49
     summary: Kukulka D.J., Smith R., Li W., 2014, Condensation and evaporation characteristics of Vipertex 1eht enhanced heat transfer tubes, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 39, 727-732. Kukulka D.J., Yan H., Smith R., Li W., 2017, Condensation and evaporation characteristics of flows inside three dimensional vipertex enhanced heat transfer tubes, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 61, 1777-1782. Enhanced heat transfer tubes are important options to be considered in the design of high efficiency systems.
    keywords: 1eht-1; 1eht-2; drop; heat; mass; transfer; tubes
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        item: #6020 of 7527
          id: cet-4330
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - cet-01.docx
        date: 2016-01-07
       words: 3080
      flesch: 52
     summary: The experiment gives some results: (1) In the toluene solution of PbS quantum dot, the peak intensity of PbS quantum dots will be decreased when SnO2 nanoparticles are injected; (2) The open circuit voltage and short-circuit current have some extent improvement. Figure 3: Effect of different drops of SnO2 nanoparticle on the luminescence of PbS quantun dots In the toluene solution of PbS quantum dot, the peak intensity of PbS quantun dots is decreased when SnO 2 nanoparticles are injected.
    keywords: cell; chemical; compound; dots; energy; method; pbs; performance; quantum; sno2; solution
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        item: #6021 of 7527
          id: cet-4331
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - cet-01.docx
        date: 2016-01-07
       words: 2300
      flesch: 50
     summary:           (2) Temperature distribution in the soil around the heat exchanger is expressed as follow:  0 , s q T T G z p L    (3) DOI: 10.3303/CET1546162 Please cite this article as: Zhao S.Y., Lu J.X., Qin J.Q., Xiao Y., 2015, Numerical simulation analysis of continuous heat storage using different number of inclined ground heat exchangers, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 46, 967-972 DOI:10.3303/CET1546162 967 Where T  is the temperature at border radius (℃); 0 T is the temperature of outer wall of ground heat exchanger (℃); q is the quantity of heat exchange of the heat exchanger ( W ); s  is the coefficient of thermal conductivity of soil,  mkW ;  ,G z p is the theoretical function of G ;      dPYPJPYPJ YJ e pzG z 20110 0 21 2 1 2 1 )]()(()()([ )()( 11 ),( 2        2 0 ,s a t r z p r r   2.3 Geometric model and mesh division For both the inclined and vertical ground heat exchangers, the model is constructed within a cylindrical soil area measuring 14m in diameter and 20m in height, as shown in Figure 1. Figure 5 shows the variation of temperature with burial depth in soil after continuous heat storage for 3 years using different number of ground heat exchangers.
    keywords: diameter; exchangers; ground; heat
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        item: #6022 of 7527
          id: cet-4332
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - cet-01.docx
        date: 2016-01-07
       words: 2464
      flesch: 57
     summary: 3.2 Effects of harmonics on the pump unit energy consumption The equation below can be utilized when quantitatively evaluating N, called pump unit energy consumption according to Tang (2007). 975 (a) Before filtering (b) After filtering Figure 3: A comparison of oscillogram for the frequency converter filtering pre and post under the 50 Hz 4.2 Comparison of pump unit energy consumption before and after filtering During the experiment of frequency change and speed adjusting energy consumption of the pump unit
    keywords: consumption; energy; filtering; frequency; motor; power; pump; unit
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        item: #6023 of 7527
          id: cet-4333
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - cet-89.docx
        date: 2016-01-11
       words: 2558
      flesch: 54
     summary: A publication of The Italian Association of Chemical Engineering Online at www.aidic.it/cet Guest Editors: Peiyu Ren, Yancang Li, Huiping Song Copyright © 2015, AIDIC Servizi S.r.l., ISBN 978-88-95608-37-2; ISSN 2283-9216 Numerical Simulation and Experimental Research on Flow Field of Swirling Cold Air Diffuser Dongyi Zhou*, Chuping Shi Department of Mechanical and Energy Engineering, Shaoyang College, Shaoyang, 422000, China zhoudongyi2005@163.com Experimental and numerical research was carried out on swirling cold air diffuser. In experimental research, following the cold air distribution requirements, cold air distribution experiment table was constructed for testing specimen of swirling cold air diffuser.
    keywords: air; diffuser; distribution; doi; field; figure; room; temperature
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        item: #6024 of 7527
          id: cet-4334
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - cet-01.docx
        date: 2016-01-07
       words: 3084
      flesch: 57
     summary: The imaginary part of the dielectric function ε2(ω) of the pure ZnO, and Al doped ZnO for different composition is shown in Fig. On the other hand, compared with the two main peaks of pure ZnO, the corresponding peaks for Al doped ZnO shift upward energy region because the optical band gap increase with Al doped.
    keywords: band; concentration; doi; doped; doping; functional; states; zno
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        item: #6025 of 7527
          id: cet-4335
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - cet-01.docx
        date: 2016-01-07
       words: 2906
      flesch: 52
     summary: Gas flows downwards near cyclone separator wall while gas flows upwards in the central of cyclone separator. Gas flows downwards near cyclone separator wall while gas flows upwards in the central of cyclone separator.
    keywords: cyclone; exhaust; flow; pipe; separator; velocity; δh=350 mm
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        item: #6026 of 7527
          id: cet-4336
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - cet-01.docx
        date: 2016-01-07
       words: 2303
      flesch: 48
     summary: Temperature points are inserted into the tetrahedron point by point, and the chain table of new points is updated continuously. In this paper, we use linear interpolation (Milanese, Norton, Piet-Lahanier, & Walter, 2013) to obtain coordinates of temperature points in furnaces.
    keywords: field; figure; points; t t; temperature
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        item: #6027 of 7527
          id: cet-4337
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - cet-01.docx
        date: 2016-01-07
       words: 2859
      flesch: 55
     summary: In this paper, a new type structure of condenser of automotive air conditioning system has been studied, and some conclusion has been obtained: (1) Unit area heat exchange decreases when the fin width increases. In the development of automotive air conditioning system, the role of numerical simulation model becomes more and more important (B. Taxis-Reischl, S. Morgenstern, F. Brotz (2001)).
    keywords: air; condenser; conditioning; fin; fin width; heat; system; transfer; width
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        item: #6028 of 7527
          id: cet-4338
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - cet-01.docx
        date: 2016-01-07
       words: 3667
      flesch: 53
     summary: Conclusion This paper conducted a deep research to wavelet de-noising methods of acoustic emission signal, analysing the selection of threshold value function and optimization of threshold value in de-noising processes. This thesis adopts wavelet threshold value noise method to deal with de-noising of acoustic emission signal without exception.
    keywords: algorithm; n x; noising; signal; wavelet; y n
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        item: #6029 of 7527
          id: cet-4339
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - cet-01.docx
        date: 2016-01-07
       words: 3818
      flesch: 37
     summary: This article firstly introduces the development of space laser communication technique at home and abroad in recent years and the introduces the research situation of several key technology in space laser communication tracking and pointing system to provide guidance to the research on space laser communication system and tracking and pointing technology. A publication of The Italian Association of Chemical Engineering Online at www.aidic.it/cet Guest Editors: Peiyu Ren, Yancang Li, Huiping Song Copyright © 2015, AIDIC Servizi S.r.l., ISBN 978-88-95608-37-2; ISSN 2283-9216 Overview of Research on Space Laser Communication Tracking and Pointing Technology Qinglong Hu*a,b, Zhaohui Lia, Liang Yanga, Ke Qiaoa, Xuejun Zhanga a Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics, Chinese Academy of Science, Changchun 130033, China b University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China huqinglong.hit@163.com Laser communication system is built to satisfy the urgent need of information transmission of the earth observation system and space-based information in high resolution and the need of high-speed transmission rate of distribution system.
    keywords: communication; laser; laser communication; pointing; research; satellite; space; system; technology; tracking
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        item: #6030 of 7527
          id: cet-434
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-434
        date: 2018-07-19
       words: 3708
      flesch: 40
     summary: The basis of the framework develops process temperature demand profiles for industrial heating and cooling demand, allows targeting to be carried out, and provide a standard to assess emissions reduction measures against. The basis of the framework develops process temperature demand profiles for heating and cooling demand, allows benchmarking and targeting to be carried out, and provides a standard to assess emissions reduction measures against.
    keywords: abatement; cost; emissions; energy; heat; mac; policy; process; reduction; sector
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        item: #6031 of 7527
          id: cet-4340
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - cet-01.docx
        date: 2016-01-07
       words: 2809
      flesch: 46
     summary: High-pressure jet grouting combined with capsule- type underreamed anchor is invented to meet the massive demand of underground space constructions (Kuihua et al (2013)). A destructive pull-out experiment based on the engineering demands was carried out for this type of underreamed anchor, which was then compared with the conventional anchor.
    keywords: anchor; construction; displacement; strength; type
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        item: #6032 of 7527
          id: cet-4341
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - cet-01.docx
        date: 2016-01-07
       words: 2861
      flesch: 59
     summary: Seeds image is collected in order to locate and analyze. 2 3 X Position 149.47 135.50 655.50 Y Position 126.46 175.50 73.50 Angle 0.01 111.00 300.00 Scale 100.13 100.00 100.00 Score 1000.00 803.55 795.72 4.4 Morphology experiments Seeds image after pre-treatment needs to be morphological processed.
    keywords: analysis; figure; image; processing
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        item: #6033 of 7527
          id: cet-4342
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - cet-01.docx
        date: 2016-01-07
       words: 3836
      flesch: 45
     summary: The simulation model is established based on finite element analysis (FEA) software in order to analyze PMSM’s various operation performance parameters both normal condition and asymmetry condition caused by single-phase power voltage sag, and the experimental and simulation results show that the relationship between output torque and power voltage sag is linear, and the output torque fluctuation is raised with aggravation of power asymmetry level; it is take a long time to make the PMSM run in steady state; the current of fault phase is degraded, and the fluctuation is raised, and the third harmonic of the fault phase is raised so significant compared with normal condition that it can be as a feature for fault diagnosis; the flux linkage of three phases is no remarkable change and the flux linkage of the fault phase has a little more obvious change than the other two phase; the PMSM output torque contains harmonic components caused by negative sequence component, and these results of the paper can provide the basis for catching fault character and regaining healthy operation as fast as possible. The first term of PMSM flux linkage equation associates with the stator current, so flux linkages produced by three-phase current is no longer symmetric and they all have different level decline under the fault condition, which depends on the amplitude of fault phase current.
    keywords: condition; current; fault; fig; flux; phase; pmsm; torque; voltage
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        item: #6034 of 7527
          id: cet-4343
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - cet-01.docx
        date: 2016-01-07
       words: 3528
      flesch: 66
     summary: ( )G s of airgap to electromagnet voltage with open-loop state can be expressed as: 0 ( ) ( ) / ( )u eG s N s D s= 1041 where, ( )uN s denotes the numerator of transfer function, ( )eD s denotes the characteristic polynomial of the system, which can be expressed as follows: 5 4 2 2 3 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 ( ) ( 2 ) ( 2 ) ( 2 ) ( 2 ) e m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m i z at equilibrium point as follows: ( ) ( ), ,m m m m N
    keywords: control; guideway; system
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        item: #6035 of 7527
          id: cet-4344
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - cet-01.docx
        date: 2016-01-07
       words: 2707
      flesch: 46
     summary: [Maintenance and Reliability], 48 (4), 72-81 Krisada W., Somchai C., 2008, Surachai S, Simulation algorithm for piston ring dynamics,Simulation Modelling Practice and Theory, 16(1), 127-146, DOI: 10.1016/j.simpat.2007 Lu P., Zhang Y., Zhang M.H., Liu X.R., 2014, Simulation and analysis of the effect of piston ring group parameters on blow-by, Journal of Chinese Agricultural Mechanization, 35(2), 193-197, DOI: 10.13733/j.jcam.issn.2095-5553.2014.02.047 Mohammed, U., Gokhale N., Pardeshi S., Gokhale U., Kumar M.N., 2015, Analysis of parameters affecting liner bore distortion in diesel engines, SAE Technical Papers, DOI: 10.4271/2015-26-0178 Poort M., Cheng C., Richardson Dan., Schock H., 2014, Piston ring and groove side wear analysis for diesel engines, ASME 2014 Internal Combustion Engine Division Fall Technical Conference, DOI: 10.1115/ICEF2014-5670 Poort M., Cheng C., Richardson D., Schock H., 2015, Piston ring and groove side wear analysis for diesel engines, Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power, 137(11) DOI: 10.1115/1.4030290 Senatore A., Aleksendric D., 2014, Engine piston rings improvement through effective materials, advanced manufacturing methods and novel design shape, Industrial Lubrication and Tribology, 66(2), 298-305, DOI: 10.1108/ILT-01-2012-0010 Su Y.Y., W ang B.J., 1998, The blow-by analysis of engine piston ring, Journal of University of Shanghai For Science and Technology, 20(4), 330-334. Sealing is the main task of gas rings, namely sealing the gas, to prevent the gas of combustion chamber to flow into the crankcase, and to keep the amount of gas leakage as few as possible (Kong (1992), Lu (2014)).
    keywords: chamber; combustion; gas; leakage; piston; piston ring; pressure; ring
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        item: #6036 of 7527
          id: cet-4345
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - cet-01.docx
        date: 2016-01-07
       words: 3866
      flesch: 50
     summary: 3.3.2 Characteristic analysis of part information combination oriented to MC-VE Parts geometry information oriented to MC-VE is described by the international standard STEP and XML format file. And parts information are acquired and recognized.
    keywords: cloud; combination; information; internet; parts; surface; tree
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        item: #6037 of 7527
          id: cet-4346
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - cet-01.docx
        date: 2016-01-07
       words: 2244
      flesch: 55
     summary: First brake drum assembly 3D model including brake drum, brake shoe, brake block, and friction plate was established; then finite element analysis of drum brake assembly was made, considering the friction between assemblies as well as the relative sliding between brake shoe and brake block, brake block and friction plate. Schematic structure of drum brake was as shown in figure 1.The simplified drum brake assemble (Rudolf (1992), Shi Wenku (2005),) was made up of 7 parts: brake drum, left and right brake shoes, two pieces of brake blocks and two pieces of friction plates, in which left and right brake shoes, two pieces of brake blocks and two pieces of friction plates were completely symmetry.
    keywords: brake; displacement; drum; friction; right; shoe; stress
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        item: #6038 of 7527
          id: cet-4347
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - cet-01.docx
        date: 2016-01-07
       words: 2549
      flesch: 54
     summary: With the increase of tension, connector sealing ability declines, which is characterized with the decrease of maximum contact pressure, and PSC-Ⅰ is worse than the PSC- Ⅱ. Specially, contact pressure in sealing surface is higher than in the shoulder as the tension exceeds 600 kN, indicating that the sealing surface / spot played a major role for connector seal. After make-up, the pipe body and connector contact and the moment of annular friction force (Mf) about the central axis balances with the make-up torque (N•m) (Wu et al. (2013)), niif MrFM   (1) Where ri is the radius of node about axis, and μ is the friction coefficient with 0.02.
    keywords: connector; contact; load; mpa; pressure; sealing; stress; surface
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        item: #6039 of 7527
          id: cet-4348
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - cet-01.docx
        date: 2016-01-07
       words: 2979
      flesch: 54
     summary: The s plane left half plane poles conferred )(sH , as ∏ − = − Ω = 1 0 )( )( N k k N c ss sH (5) To the power frequency grid, electric shock frequency signal will not exceed 1 kHz, and higher than 20 times harmonics the shock exist, large amplitude. It is a foundation for the future analog filter circuit design of electric shock signal in intelligent detection board.
    keywords: current; electric; filter; frequency; harmonic; leakage; pass; shock; signal
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        item: #6040 of 7527
          id: cet-4349
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - cet-01.docx
        date: 2016-01-07
       words: 2969
      flesch: 40
     summary: Overall structure and working principle of system System consists of data transmission unit (DTU) module, wireless data transmission module, the soil moisture sensors, memory, irrigation control module, power module, PC and so on, the single-chip microcomputer to collect data via soil moisture sensor, then send data to the coordinator via wireless RF module, data are uploaded to the monitoring center through GPRS and Internet network by DTU module at last, so as to control consumption of irrigation water by the analysis of the soil moisture data in the monitoring center. It lays a solid foundation for the further development of precision irrigation system.
    keywords: control; data; irrigation; module; moisture; sensor; soil; system; terminal; water; wireless
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        item: #6041 of 7527
          id: cet-435
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-435
        date: 2018-07-19
       words: 3609
      flesch: 48
     summary: Robust model predictive control (MPC) is one of these strategies and it combines benefits of model predictive control and robust control approaches. The challenge of control design for such energy intensive industrial plants as heat exchangers is their complex non-linear and asymmetric behaviour affected by various structured or non- DOI: 10.3303/CET1870005 Please cite this article as: Oravec J., Bakosova M., Vasickaninova A., Meszaros A., 2018, Robust model predictive control of a plate heat exchanger , Chemical Engineering Transactions, 70, 25-30 DOI:10.3303/CET1870005 25 structured uncertainties.
    keywords: constraints; control; exchanger; heat; model; mpc; plate; system
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        item: #6042 of 7527
          id: cet-4350
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - cet-01.docx
        date: 2016-01-07
       words: 3037
      flesch: 48
     summary: The fragmentation of soil salinization distribution also indicates that the influence of human to soil salinization is becoming more and more. When K > 0, soil salinization area is in a decreasing trend; when K < 0, soil salinization area is in a increasing trend; Ua, Ub respectively is the area of salinization of the beginning and end of the study area; T is the length of the time period, and in this study each time is decided according to the time between two RS images.
    keywords: area; river; salinization; soil; soil salinization; years; yellow; yrd
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        item: #6043 of 7527
          id: cet-4351
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - cet-01.docx
        date: 2016-01-07
       words: 2950
      flesch: 63
     summary:       Estimate using EGT alert Value 22 15 7 C ALERT C EGTM EGT EGT C  The relationship between flight cycles and Engine EGT rate of decline of a PW4000-94 inch Engine is shown in Figure 5.
    keywords: egt; egtm; engine; life; margin; thrust
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        item: #6044 of 7527
          id: cet-4352
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - cet-01.docx
        date: 2016-01-07
       words: 2834
      flesch: 46
     summary: If the uniform equivalent pressure stress which is parallel to Z-axis is sσ ∗ , the stress F of unit’s Z-direction is: 24 sin cossF lσ θ θ ∗= (25) Equivalent pressure strain of unit in the direction of Z is: 2z S F E ld ε ∗ = (26) Equivalent elastic modulus in the direction of Z can be defined as: Z z Z E σ ε ∗ ∗ ∗ = (27) Adding formula (25), (26) and (27): sin 2 S z E E β θ ∗ = (28) 4. Therefore, total deflection in the Y direction is： 3 cos cos sin cos cos sin 12Y s s l l l GA A θ θ θ δ θ κ θ θ Ρ Ρ Ρ = + + Ε ⋅ Ι Ε 2 23 2 2 2 4 16 80(1 )
    keywords: mesh; resistance; steel; wire
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        item: #6045 of 7527
          id: cet-4353
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - cet-01.docx
        date: 2016-01-07
       words: 3238
      flesch: 53
     summary: The crankpin roundness based on different grinding wheel height errors            sin)(sin sinsin coscos pt pg pg RRR RRy RRx  cos)(cosOO 1 Ptt RRRd                  pt p RR R t    sin arcsin 1100 3.1 The roundness error caused by grinding wheel centre height error Because of the processing and assembling errors of the components, the grinding wheel centre height and the crank rotating centre height always has difference. The roundness error affection caused by grinding wheel radius error During practical grinding, the grinding wheel radius changes because of wearing and thermal deformation.
    keywords: centre; crankpin; error; grinding; grinding wheel; height; radius; roundness; wheel; wheel radius
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        item: #6046 of 7527
          id: cet-4354
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - cet-01.docx
        date: 2016-01-07
       words: 3686
      flesch: 52
     summary: The research of the product quality and defective product can realize the high efficient, strict standard and fast processing operations of product quality process of mixed cloud enterprise, in order to reach the goal of intelligent manufacturing of enterprise (Fang, C., 2015). They are provided such as qualified rate statistical of product quality inspection, failure of Plato analysis, responsibility, team failure analysis, defective statistical query, etc (Guan, X., 2015).
    keywords: defective; number; process; product; production; quality; scrap; status; ticket
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        item: #6047 of 7527
          id: cet-4355
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - cet-01.docx
        date: 2016-01-07
       words: 2840
      flesch: 37
     summary: Thus, it can work out the following basic principles of information systems integration: (1) To achieve the overall coverage of the main line of business, forming a closed loop business to eliminate CPB main business processes: the integrated software framework for integrated planning, the sum of the function of each unit of the integrated system should be fully consistent with all the main process requirements, it can not be artificially separated overall business, but can not function vacancy occurs. According to the basic principles of information systems integration, integration model in an integrated software framework based on the combination of integrated logic model, the Integration may submit data model shown in Figure 3.
    keywords: business; data; enterprise; erp; information; integration; model; plm; system
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        item: #6048 of 7527
          id: cet-4356
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - cet-01.docx
        date: 2016-01-07
       words: 2810
      flesch: 62
     summary: Furthermore, AZO thin films are suitable for various deposition techniques [Ekem N, et al (2009) reported, Li B S, et al (2002) reported]. The X-ray diffraction patterns show that AZO films deposited over 100°C have hexagonal-wurtzite phase structures with highly c-axis preferred orientations, and the average crystal size increases upon the promotion of the Ts.
    keywords: azo; films; properties; sputtering; zno
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        item: #6049 of 7527
          id: cet-4357
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - cet-01.docx
        date: 2016-01-07
       words: 3290
      flesch: 46
     summary: Table 2: Ability to form complex fracture contrast table of the chang 8 reservoir in Hohe oil field Oil Field Fracture Intensity Angel between Principle and Natural Fractures Variation Coefficient of Horizontal Stress Construction Displacement/m3.min- 1 Net Pressure Prediction/ MPa Hohe Developed 0-30° 0.152 3.0-3.5 7-9 4.1 Geostress The dynamics of network fractures will be discussed on the base of natural fractures extension, which are shown in Fig 2 (Weng D. et al. (2011)). If the condition is allowed, the fracture height is limited, and it tends to grow into network fractures.
    keywords: chang; fracture; fracturing; hydraulic; network; oil; pressure; reservoir; stress
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        item: #6050 of 7527
          id: cet-4358
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - cet-01.docx
        date: 2016-01-07
       words: 3054
      flesch: 55
     summary: In order to compare flocculant prepared under different conditions in orthogonal experiment, this paper carried out waste water treatment experiment using desulfurization waste water of second stage from the Power Plant and proceeded the comparison through measuring the turbidity of water after treatments. When the Al/Fe proportion is 1:1, waste water treatment achieves best results, with the lowest level of turbidity, which at the same time suggests that only when the contents of aluminum and ferric are at the same level can the advantages of PSAFS be shown because the proportion can give full play of aluminum and ferric flocculants’ strengths and weaken the two’s short comings so as to achieve the treatment’s best performance.
    keywords: psafs; table; time; treatment; waste; water
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        item: #6051 of 7527
          id: cet-4359
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - cet-01.docx
        date: 2016-01-07
       words: 3340
      flesch: 40
     summary: upinglee@qq.com The operating condition is normalized based on unit parameters and runner velocity triangle for hydraulic turbine in this paper. According to theoretical analysis and actual data, the regularity of hydraulic turbine during operating can be revealed and summarized more directly and easily by means of adopting the normalized operating condition parameter.
    keywords: condition; flow; hydraulic; operating; parameter; performance; runner; turbine; water
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        item: #6052 of 7527
          id: cet-436
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-436
        date: 2018-07-19
       words: 3279
      flesch: 60
     summary: “Surface selection” is a process whereby a given surface is chosen from among the available pool of options whereas, “surface design” consists in the DOI: 10.3303/CET1870006 Please cite this article as: Garcia-Castillo J.L., Picon-Nunez M., 2018, Design and operability of multi-stream heat exchangers for use in lng liquefaction processes , Chemical Engineering Transactions, 70, 31-36 DOI:10.3303/CET1870006 31 identification of the surface geometrical features that will meet a design criterion. A way to simplify the analysis and design of multi-stream heat exchangers and eliminate these complex thermal flow paths is by means of the uniform channel heat load that gives rise to the uniform wall temperature assumption (Chato et al.,1971).
    keywords: design; exchangers; fin; flow; heat; stream; surface; value
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        item: #6053 of 7527
          id: cet-4360
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - cet-01.docx
        date: 2016-01-07
       words: 2917
      flesch: 51
     summary: Effect of pulsed magnetic field treatment on the fracture resistance of a cracked specimen. It is developed in recent years to reduce the residual stress of steel materials by pulsed magnetic treatment (Klamecki, Barney E. (2003) and Kovalev, S.l. (2007) and Marin, Georgiana Rosu et al.
    keywords: bearing; circuit; device; field; rings; stress; treatment
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        item: #6054 of 7527
          id: cet-4361
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - cet-01.docx
        date: 2016-01-07
       words: 2703
      flesch: 59
     summary: The structure diagram of the system is shown in Figure 1: DOI: 10.3303/CET1546192 Please cite this article as: Chu J., Wang G.Y., 2015, Research and design of control system for vibration transmission machine, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 46, 1147-1152 DOI:10.3303/CET1546192 1147 Figure 1: structure diagram of vibration transmission system Because the system uses the vibration speed sensor, it is possible to make the closed -loop feedback system to become self excited system of negative resistance. The minimum value of 1J is:               0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 2 0 0, 2  T TV X t
    keywords: control; system; t t; vibration
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        item: #6055 of 7527
          id: cet-4362
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - cet-01.docx
        date: 2016-01-07
       words: 3062
      flesch: 56
     summary: System pressure is a closed-loop control, so the actual pressure can be adjusted to set the value around 3 MPa. The anti disturbance ability of pressure close loop control is strong, and the robustness is good.
    keywords: control; flow; hydraulic; pressure; relief; response; system; valve
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        item: #6056 of 7527
          id: cet-4363
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - cet-01.docx
        date: 2016-01-07
       words: 3039
      flesch: 52
     summary: To investigate the mechanical properties of material under high temperature and high strain rate during cold roll beating process is of great significance. For the features of the forming process, it is necessary to study the forming mechanism under thermal–mechanical coupling conditions, thus it is very significant to investigate the mechanical properties of material under high temperature and high strain rate.
    keywords: beating; equation; forming; rate; roll; s-1; strain; temperature
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        item: #6057 of 7527
          id: cet-4364
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - cet-01.docx
        date: 2016-01-07
       words: 2598
      flesch: 56
     summary: However, control of surface integrity in hard cutting, especially the prediction and modeling of surface residual stress also needs to be studied systematically. Jeffrey D. Thiele, Shreyes N. Melkote, Roberta A. Peascoe, et al., 2000,Effect of cutting-edge geometry and workpiece hardness on surface residual stresses in finish hard turning of AISI 52100 steel[J].
    keywords: cutting; increase; speed; stress; surface; tensile stress; vibration
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        item: #6058 of 7527
          id: cet-4365
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - cet-01.docx
        date: 2016-01-07
       words: 2807
      flesch: 52
     summary: 3.3 Friction surface analysis Figure 5 (a) shows the original surface optical photograph of the sample; figure 5 (b) and (c) show the optical photograph of MCMI and MCB sample friction look after running for 20 h. Figure 5: Photos of sample surfaces after 30 h (280×) (a) SEM micrograph of MCB sample worn surface (b) SEM micrograph of MCMI sample worn surface Figure 6: SEM micrographs of worn surface lubricated with different lubricants after 40 h Figure 6 (a) and (b) show the superficial look of MCB sample and MCMI sample after friction running for 40 h.
    keywords: abrasion; friction; mmt; nano; pair; sample; surface; system; wear
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        item: #6059 of 7527
          id: cet-4366
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - cet-01.docx
        date: 2016-01-07
       words: 3081
      flesch: 54
     summary: As can be seen from the figure, the wear scar diameter of friction sample in the solid-phase nano-powder lubrication system is smaller than that in the base oil. In higher pair friction sample, due to the short running time (60 min), it is hard to form clear alloying repairing film containing MMT characteristic elements formed by chemical reactions on the sample surface; In contrast, the heat coating film is easy to be formed by the soft metal.
    keywords: ball; friction; kh550; mmt; nano; oil; sample; surface; wear
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        item: #6060 of 7527
          id: cet-4367
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-4367
        date: 2016-01-11
       words: 2778
      flesch: 52
     summary: On the other hand, recently, most works on chaos control and synchronization have noticed the important role of the stability time; e.g., Mohammad et al ap-plied a terminal sliding mode controller to synchronize a class of chaotic systems with mismatched parametric uncertainties (Mohammad et at al. (2010)), Yu and Peng (2005) proposed finite-time chaos control and synchronization for unified chaotic systems with uncertain parameters. On the other hand, recently, most works on chaos control and synchronization have noticed the important role of the stability time; e.g., Li et al applied a terminal sliding mode controller to synchronize a class of chaotic systems with mismatched parametric uncertainties Li et al. (2005), Mohammad Ataei et al (2006) reported and Yu and Peng (2005).
    keywords: chaos; control; pmsm; system
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        item: #6061 of 7527
          id: cet-4368
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - cet-01.docx
        date: 2016-01-07
       words: 2591
      flesch: 54
     summary: The result of the production forecast model of multi-stage fracture of horizontal well with water flooding shown that, even in the condition of water flooding, production of multi-stage fracture horizontal well mainly depend on formation energy. (4) As it’s showing in the production forecast model of multi-stage fracture horizontal well with water injection, even in the condition of water injection, the variation of daily output per multi-stage fracture horizontal well mainly depend on formation energy.
    keywords: fracture; production; stage; y y
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        item: #6062 of 7527
          id: cet-4369
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - cet-01.docx
        date: 2016-01-07
       words: 3188
      flesch: 51
     summary: However, there still remain some limitations and flaws in the present study on evaluation system and model of college ideological and political education. Evaluation system of college ideological and political education 2.1 Multi-attribute and multi-variant qualitative analysis According to the evaluation system of college ideological and political education shown in Table 1, some of the indicators need qualitative descriptions, which are likely to be fuzzy.
    keywords: education; evaluation; ij ij; v v
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        item: #6063 of 7527
          id: cet-437
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-437
        date: 2018-07-19
       words: 2950
      flesch: 43
     summary: Next, the Solution Structure Generation (SSG) algorithm (Friedler et al., 1992b) can generate all combinatorially feasible structures for a PNS problem, even prior to the specification of flowrate constraints. Finally, Accelerated Branch-and-Bound (ABB) utilizes the information in PNS problems to eliminate combinatorially infeasible and redundant network structures during optimization (Friedler et al., 1996), thus leading to more efficient search than is possible using conventional algorithms such as branch-and-bound used for mixed integer linear programming (MILP) models in process synthesis.
    keywords: biochar; carbon; engineering; et al; graph; process; systems; tan
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        item: #6064 of 7527
          id: cet-4370
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - cet-01.docx
        date: 2016-01-07
       words: 3148
      flesch: 47
     summary: The simulation analysis of overlapped peaks resolution Here, a mixed-peaks simulated signal is constructed by combination of multi-Gaussian peak signals, and ensures that contain overlapped peaks, and on this basis, appropriate to add a certain amount of noise signal, then to process the mixed-peaks simulated signal using the curve fitting resolution algorithm, aim to verify the effectiveness of the algorithm. a. Mixed liquor stripping curve with overlapped peaks b. resolution results of overlapped peaks Figure 4: Overlapped peaks and resolution results of mixed liquor stripping curve Table 2: The parameters obtained from the overlapping peaks parsed data No. Species Peak Height Peak Position Peak Width 1 Zn2+ 1.32 -1.2 0.032 2 Cd2+ 0.50 -0.8 0.030 3 Pb2+ 0.38 -0.63 0.038 4 Cu2+ 0.40 -0.28 0.035 5.
    keywords: analysis; curve; fitting; function; method; peak; resolution
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        item: #6065 of 7527
          id: cet-4371
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - cet-01.docx
        date: 2016-01-07
       words: 2679
      flesch: 52
     summary: The evaluation vector of archives management level of this college is calculated as:  0.1318 0.2378 0.2239 0.0669 0.0140w , In colleges and universities, it is inevitable to evaluate archives management which is the focus of daily operation.
    keywords: archives; colleges; evaluation; factors; management; universities
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        item: #6066 of 7527
          id: cet-4372
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - cet-01.docx
        date: 2016-01-07
       words: 3199
      flesch: 48
     summary: Based on existing literature, we integrate material flow cost accounting (MFCA) and life-cycle impact assessment method (LIME) and establish the model for the accounting of external environmental cost of an enterprise. Deng M.J., 2009, Research on the operation mechanism and application of material flow cost accounting, J.CENT.SOUTH UNIV (SOCIAL SCIENCE), 15(8), 524-532.
    keywords: accounting; cost; environmental; material; waste
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        item: #6067 of 7527
          id: cet-4373
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - cet-01.docx
        date: 2016-01-07
       words: 2635
      flesch: 61
     summary: 2.3 Empirical study on the price discovery function of Treasury bond future in China Huang Hai used the Vector Error Correction (VEC) Model to conduct a research on the Lead-Lag relationship between prices of Treasury bond futures and spots. LNFP is the logarithm sequence of the closing prices of Treasury bond future while LNSP is the logarithm sequence of the closing prices of Treasury bond spot.
    keywords: bond; discovery; function; future; market; price; spot; treasury
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        item: #6068 of 7527
          id: cet-4374
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - cet-01.docx
        date: 2016-01-07
       words: 2562
      flesch: 55
     summary: In order to improve the precision of computer network security evaluation, Wu Renjie (2011) proposed a particle swarm optimization neural network model for the evaluation of computer network security. Domestic and foreign scholars pay much attention to the study of computer network security.
    keywords: computer; model; network; neural; security; system; value
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        item: #6069 of 7527
          id: cet-4375
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - cet-01.docx
        date: 2016-01-07
       words: 3023
      flesch: 64
     summary: Finally, we analyze the changeable trend of financial risk in the framework of the financial risk index system of listing Corporation. The risk control ability of the mature listing Corporation has been able to resist all kinds of financial risks.
    keywords: corporation; evaluation; financial; listing; method; risk; scale
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        item: #6070 of 7527
          id: cet-4376
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - cet-01.docx
        date: 2016-01-07
       words: 2342
      flesch: 56
     summary: In real estate price expectations of the two games, the decision maker is highly influenced by the others. This research proposes a model for expected alterations in real estate prices by analyzing variations using two-person game theory.
    keywords: estate; expectations; game; group; price
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        item: #6071 of 7527
          id: cet-4377
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - cet-01.docx
        date: 2016-01-07
       words: 3077
      flesch: 53
     summary: Government should continue to reinforce the supervision of air heavy pollution enterprises and more effective measures must be taken to guide and urge heavy air pollution enterprises to reduce the discharge of pollutants. This study examines the impacts of haze governance on heavy air pollution enterprises’ over-investment based on the data of Chinese listed companies.
    keywords: air; enterprises; governance; haze; investment; pollution; pollution enterprises; state
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        item: #6072 of 7527
          id: cet-4378
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - cet-01.docx
        date: 2016-01-07
       words: 3166
      flesch: 56
     summary: Thus the innovation method and product design evaluation method are described intuitively. INFORMATION SYSTEMS, 40: 142-152. 10.1016/j.is.2012.11.011 Rashedi E., Nezamabadi-Pour H., Saryazdi S., 2014, Long term learning in image retrieval systems using case based reasoning [J].
    keywords: case; design; evaluation; product; reasoning
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        item: #6073 of 7527
          id: cet-4379
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - cet-01.docx
        date: 2016-01-07
       words: 4032
      flesch: 41
     summary: In the process of cooperation innovation in the industrial clusters, every company participating cooperation is rational, it will not get involved into the cooperation alliance if the reward required through cooperation can’t satisfied their individual rationality, and then, the cooperation will not be happened. In the process of innovation cooperation, each will receive an instantaneous reward at each time, therefore, each can not only compared themselves’ reward at different points, but also can compared the reward of different enterprises if the payment can be transferred, so it can increase their confidence to the cooperative alliance.
    keywords: 2/1; clusters; cooperation; enterprise; industry; innovation; rationality; research; technology; time
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        item: #6074 of 7527
          id: cet-438
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-438
        date: 2018-07-19
       words: 2585
      flesch: 41
     summary: Energy harvesting involves electric power generation for online operation of sensor and electric devices from low level energies such as low temperature heat, vibration and light. Compared with the other low-level energies, vibration and light, large amount of low temperature heat can be easily obtained around industrial plants and local communities.
    keywords: cycle; gadolinium; generation; heat; power; temperature
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        item: #6075 of 7527
          id: cet-4380
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - cet-01.docx
        date: 2016-01-07
       words: 2731
      flesch: 61
     summary: Network security risk prediction is an important component of network security awareness (China Internet Network Information Center 2012 and 2013). At the same time, the problem of network security has become increasingly prominent.
    keywords: layer; method; network; neural; security; value
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        item: #6076 of 7527
          id: cet-4381
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - cet-01.docx
        date: 2016-01-07
       words: 3201
      flesch: 56
     summary: 4.3 Comprehensive analysis of sustainable development capacity Per capita ecological footprint diversity and sustainable development capacity index, shown in Table 6, are worked out through formulas (4) and (5). Therefore, in this case, researches on supply and demand of Anhui ecological capacity (EC) and scientific evaluation on the capacity of sustainable development of Anhui province has become an important issue of the current society.
    keywords: anhui; capacity; development; hm2; land; person
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        item: #6077 of 7527
          id: cet-4382
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - cet-01.docx
        date: 2016-01-07
       words: 2743
      flesch: 56
     summary: Results and Conclusion According to the results of DEA analysis, in 2012 the innovation performance of listed companies in our country as a whole is low The comprehensive efficiency innovation good or better accounted for only 25% of the total, achieve DEA efficient enterprises only 11, 21.5% of the total it shows that the enterprise resource allocation ability resources use efficiency there is a big problem Comprehensive efficiency of the pharmaceutical industry and automobile industry average at around 0.4, DEA efficient enterprise less, furthermore, the enterprise production efficiency due to technical factors, namely each decision-making unit inputs in optimal scale has a better production efficiency Since chames waiting C2R of DEA model, this kind of the production frontier is constructed to unit relative efficiency evaluation method has received the widespread attention, and obtained the rapid development.
    keywords: j j; t j; t t
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        item: #6078 of 7527
          id: cet-4383
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - cet-01.docx
        date: 2016-01-07
       words: 3333
      flesch: 46
     summary: Furthermore, it proposes supplier selection methods based on TOPSIS of triangular fuzzy numbers and will provide helpful references for enterprise supply chain management and supplier selection. For an enterprise’s raw material supply, the assessment index system of supplier selection is established by analyzing its basic principles and method.
    keywords: enterprise; ij ij; selection; supplier; y y
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        item: #6079 of 7527
          id: cet-4384
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - cet-01.docx
        date: 2016-01-07
       words: 3415
      flesch: 58
     summary: Li J.Q., Zhang J., Ma Z.E., 2004, A Global Epidemic with general contact rate model with constant input and analysis. On the basis of reading a large number of references, understand the specific significance of various factors in different epidemic model, and then connecting with the reality, the series method were figured out that can eradicate Ebola.
    keywords: ebola; model; rate; stage;  
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        item: #6080 of 7527
          id: cet-4385
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - cet-01.docx
        date: 2016-01-07
       words: 3682
      flesch: 58
     summary: Based on the present studies in combination with Chinese fact， From the perspective of social network analysis this paper study of the formation and its connotation of social capital in the organization. The establishment of a social network analysis model 2.1The basic concept of social network analysis and modeling 2.1.1The basic concept of social network risk In recent years, on the statistical characteristics of complex network structure, many of the concepts and methods are put forward.
    keywords: analysis; capital; degree; doi; network; node; variables
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        item: #6081 of 7527
          id: cet-4386
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - cet-01.docx
        date: 2016-01-07
       words: 2511
      flesch: 73
     summary: Network traffic prediction based on improved BP wavelet neural network Hybridized ant colony algorithm for the Multi Compartment Vehicle Routing Problem
    keywords: algorithm; ant; colony; network; network traffic; traffic
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        item: #6082 of 7527
          id: cet-4387
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - cet-01.docx
        date: 2016-01-07
       words: 3568
      flesch: 47
     summary: Comparison between genetic network programming (GNP) and genetic programming (GP). Based on dynamic characteristics of genetic programming, a two -phase data fitting algorithm is proposed.
    keywords: algorithm; data; fitness; function; individuals; method; population; programming
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        item: #6083 of 7527
          id: cet-4388
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - cet-01.docx
        date: 2016-01-07
       words: 3558
      flesch: 84
     summary: 4 4L L L L L L L n dx n n n C By Gagliardo-Nirenberg inequality, we know that 24 2 ( 1) 22 2 1 2 1 1 2 , ,p p p L L L L L L CC         ‖ ‖‖ ‖  4 2 2 2 2 1 1 2 2 . L L L L L C VCV V V V    Hence from Eq(14)
    keywords: l l; l t
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        item: #6084 of 7527
          id: cet-4389
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - cet-01.docx
        date: 2016-01-07
       words: 2904
      flesch: 68
     summary: With the development of electronic bank, the most concerned problem is the safety of electronic bank system. Then, it can be obtained the value or score of risk index from multiplying weights with assessment set of the second layer of index framework.
    keywords: = =; bank; method; risk
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        item: #6085 of 7527
          id: cet-439
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-439
        date: 2018-07-19
       words: 3509
      flesch: 45
     summary: Pandyaswargo A.H., Premakumara D.G.J., 2014, Financial sustainability of modern composting: the economically optimal scale for municipal waste composting plant in developing Asia, International Journal of Recycling of Organic Waste in Agriculture, 3(66), 1-14 Saer A., Lansing S., Davitt N.H., Graves R.E., 2013, Life cycle assessment of a food waste composting system: Environmental impact hotspots’, Journal of Cleaner Production. Results and discussion A range of composting case studies in several Asian countries is shown in Table 2.
    keywords: composting; countries; government; medium; msw; price; studies; system; waste
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        item: #6086 of 7527
          id: cet-4390
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - cet-01.docx
        date: 2016-01-07
       words: 2166
      flesch: 72
     summary: In order to predict effectively the performance of the college aerobics, this paper improves the SVM method and forecasts the performance of college aerobics. According to studying the aerobics terminology, the author introduced emphatically the classification and recording symbols of the aerobics terminology, the current application status of aerobics terminology and the factors which influenced the development of aerobics terminology.
    keywords: aerobics; svm
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        item: #6087 of 7527
          id: cet-4391
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - cet-01.docx
        date: 2016-01-07
       words: 2625
      flesch: 55
     summary: The following conclusions are draw n: (1) The main influence factor of domestic tourism consumption is income level. Cities of category 3 have lower travel rate but higher tourism consumption per capita, and the proportion of sightseeing tour is high.
    keywords: propensity; residents; tourism; travel; urban
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        item: #6088 of 7527
          id: cet-4392
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - cet-01.docx
        date: 2016-01-07
       words: 4782
      flesch: 53
     summary: Qi X. Y., Yuan Z. H., Qi X. X., Zhang W. Q., 2011, Design of penicillin fermentation process simulation system, The International Society for Optical Engineering, 8205, 223-228, DOI: 10.1117/12.906106. wangbo@ujs.edu.cn As for the problem that the crucial parameters of penicillin fermentation process are difficult to be online measured, a soft-sensing modeling method is proposed based on PSO-FNN inversion.
    keywords: fermentation; process; s u; system; u u; x u; ∂ ∂
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        item: #6089 of 7527
          id: cet-4393
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - cet-01.docx
        date: 2016-01-07
       words: 3157
      flesch: 40
     summary: We obtain sugar crystal image from state 1-5 by sugar crystallization microscopic image process platform, and arrange the set of image randomly, so as to ensure this sample set having excellent representation. Overall structure of sugar cane crystallization microscopic image process platform As is shown in Fig. 1, overall architecture of sugar crystallization microscopic image process platform includes hardware architecture and software architecture.
    keywords: architecture; crystallization; image; platform; process; state; sucrose; sugar; system
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        item: #6090 of 7527
          id: cet-4394
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - cet-01.docx
        date: 2016-01-07
       words: 3862
      flesch: 56
     summary: Several studies have reported that changes in epigenetic properties such as DNA methylation have occurred during the heterosis formation process in plants (Zhao et al., 2008). But there is a void of information on heterosis and epigenetics such as DNA methylation in pepper.
    keywords: d85×d34; dna; dna methylation; hybrids; level; lines; loci; methylation; patterns; pepper; type
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        item: #6091 of 7527
          id: cet-4395
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - cet-01.docx
        date: 2016-01-07
       words: 4045
      flesch: 44
     summary: The high-dosage group with rich selenium effectively delayed the production of BUN.The main reason may be that the effective components of selenium-rich Cordyceps militarris, such as selenium polysaccharides, selenium protein, etc., acted on organism. There was significant difference among the pure blank contrasting group, the nonselenium-rich blank contrasting group and mid-dosage group with rich selenium (P＜0.01).
    keywords: content; cordyceps; dosage; group; mice; militarris; mycelium; polysaccharides; selenium; swimming; time
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        item: #6092 of 7527
          id: cet-4396
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - cet-01.docx
        date: 2016-01-07
       words: 3007
      flesch: 63
     summary: As the popularization of Internet of thing and RFID technologies, through RFID technology combined with the existing information security technologies, realization of supply chain security and traceability of goods, low cost, and high-tech features, that can ensure the safety of goods in circulation. Aiming at this problem, a large number of studies have been launched and a set of assumptions has been put forward about security authentication protocol which was confirmed (Oh, R, et al.
    keywords: authentication; rfid; security; | |
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        item: #6093 of 7527
          id: cet-4397
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - cet-01.docx
        date: 2016-01-07
       words: 3160
      flesch: 51
     summary: Zhou Bo (2009) reported that the ammonium salt has big impact on the metabolism of Monascus ruber red pigment and citrinin. So liquid volume has a significant impact on producing Monascus ruber pigment.
    keywords: citrinin; color; culture; fermentation; monascus; pigment; production; red; source
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        item: #6094 of 7527
          id: cet-4398
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - cet-01.docx
        date: 2016-01-07
       words: 3342
      flesch: 64
     summary: Moreover, in the crates, piglets performed more lying, and less standing and walking in the morning observation period (p < 0.01), and all activity increased (p < 0.01) except suckling behaviour in the afternoon observation period, but there was a significant difference in only suckling behaviour for straw pen piglets (p < 0.01). But there was a significant difference in suckling behaviour for straw pen piglets (p < 0.01)
    keywords: behaviour; crates; pen; piglets; straw; suckling
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        item: #6095 of 7527
          id: cet-4399
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - cet-01.docx
        date: 2016-01-07
       words: 3085
      flesch: 49
     summary: After 0.4 mg/kg intravenous pushing for 5 minutes, the injection of 0.4 mg/kg/h continuous intravenous drip, Nifekalant blood drug concentration rise steadily, and steady-state concentration after 4 hours, the steady state concentration of 423 ng. Ml-1. A simple and selective high-performance liquid chromatography method was developed and validated for the determination of Nifekalant hydrochloride in canine plasma (Zhou et al.
    keywords: changelink('http://scholar.cnki.net; injection; intravenous; javascript; nifekalant; plasma
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        item: #6096 of 7527
          id: cet-440
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-440
        date: 2018-07-19
       words: 3461
      flesch: 50
     summary: Hence it is possible to obtain the curve Pressure vs time and obtain the parameter . Figure 2: CO2 absorption into DPA + DMCA 3 M at 20 °C: normalised logarithmic pressure decreases Knowing the value of the slope, it is possible to compute the correlated Enhancement factor. 58 Figure 3: Arrhenius law for the apparent kinetic constant for CO2 absorption into aqueous solution of DPA + DMCA 3 M
    keywords: absorption; amine; capture; chemical; co2; constant; dmca; phase; solvent
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        item: #6097 of 7527
          id: cet-4400
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - cet-01.docx
        date: 2016-01-07
       words: 2378
      flesch: 57
     summary: 3.2 Methods 60 mice were randomly divided into four groups (low dose group, middle dose group, high dose group and physiological saline group). Table 3 shows that in movement late (60min) glucose content of physiological saline group and low dose group is significantly decreased compared with in quiet state.
    keywords: dose; exercise; glycogen; group; jujube; jujube polysaccharide; movement; polysaccharide
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        item: #6098 of 7527
          id: cet-4401
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - cet-01.docx
        date: 2016-01-07
       words: 2825
      flesch: 48
     summary: Results and analysis 3.1 Single factor experiment 3.1.1 Effect of material-liquid ratio on extraction rate Figure1: Effect of material-liquid ratio on the extraction rate Figure 2: Effect of extraction temperature on extraction rate As seen from Fig. 1, when the material-liquid ratio was 1:10-1:18g/mL, the extraction rate increased with the increase of the material-liquid ratio, from 21.52% to 22.82%. 3.1.2 Effect of extraction temperature on extraction rate It can be seen from Fig. 2 that temperature had a considerable impact on the extraction rate and the extraction rate first increased and then decreased.
    keywords: extraction; oil; power; rate; response; temperature
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        item: #6099 of 7527
          id: cet-4402
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - cet-01.docx
        date: 2016-01-07
       words: 3409
      flesch: 53
     summary: Our research compared the WUS gene expression of castor explants under different inducing conditions in order to screen for the optimal condition. The influence of TDZ on WUS gene expression Again, we used explants cultured under different TDZ concentrations for 3, 5, and 7 d to acquire the cDNA as the template for WUS expression analysis.
    keywords: budding; castor; explants; expression; induction; rate; regeneration; wus
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        item: #6100 of 7527
          id: cet-4403
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - cet-01.docx
        date: 2016-01-07
       words: 2942
      flesch: 61
     summary: A significant red-shift was observed in the intrinsic fluorescence going from LF (332.87±0.50 nm, curve a) to LF -OA (339.10±0.71 nm, curve b) and LF-LnA (339.70±0.14 nm, curve c), indicating that the Trp residues were exposed to the solvent 1401 Figure 2: Intrinsic fluorescence emission spectra of LF (a), LF-OA (b) and LF-LnA (c) 3.3 Changes in the exposure of hydrophobic regions in LF induced by OA and LnA ANS can bind to hydrophobic clusters in the protein and the changes in its fluorescence emission spectrum clearly indicate the folding intermediate state of the protein (Fang et al. (2012)). zhangming@th.btbu.edu.cn Bovine lactoferrin (LF) was used to prepare complexes with oleic acid (OA) and linoleic aci d (LnA), the anti- tumor activity of the lactoferrin-oleic acid complex (LF-OA) and lactoferrin-linoleic acid complex (LF-LnA) was measured on liver cancer, colon cancer and breast cancer cells using the methylene blue method.
    keywords: acid; binding; cells; fluorescence; lna
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        item: #6101 of 7527
          id: cet-4404
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - cet-01.docx
        date: 2016-01-07
       words: 2952
      flesch: 52
     summary: Figure 3: Average absorbance of soil samples with different concentrations: (a) iron phosphate, (b) magnesium phosphate, (c) calcium phosphate, (d) aluminum phosphate 1407 Figure 3a shows that from zero to high iron phosphate concentration, the average absorbance of soil samples has two peaks, 1396 nm and 1933 nm, which is due to the effect of soil moisture on the spectrum. Figure 3b shows that from zero to high magnesium phosphate concentration, average absorbance of soil samples has two peaks, 1374 nm and 1945 nm, and the water absorption zone is also obvious.
    keywords: absorbance; infrared; model; phosphate; phosphorus; samples; soil
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        item: #6102 of 7527
          id: cet-4405
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - cet-01.docx
        date: 2016-01-07
       words: 3075
      flesch: 43
     summary: Based on the daily meteorological observation data in Yuanmou dry-hot region during 1956-2010, sugarcane water requirement and crop water surplus deficit index were estimated, and the variation characteristics were analyzed at different temporal scale. The result showed that sugarcane water requirement in dry-hot region was significantly higher than other months from June to October and less in April, May, November and December.
    keywords: crop; deficit; factors; meteorological; region; requirement; sugarcane; water; water requirement
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        item: #6103 of 7527
          id: cet-4406
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - cet-01.docx
        date: 2016-01-07
       words: 2918
      flesch: 46
     summary: Figure 2: Colonization of pslb3Amp, GFP, pslbtw43Amp, GFP in melon hypocotyl 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 0 6 9 12 15 18 21 24 27 30 Time（d） L O G 1 0 C F U / g pslb3 pslbtw43 1419 Bacteria quantity of melon root which inoculated subgroup II pslbtw43 bacteria strain showed continuous decreasing trend, it began to 0 at 18th day; Bacteria quantity of melon root which inoculated subgroup Ipslb3 strains reduced to 0 at 30th day(figure 3). 2.2.3.2 Sample retrieve processing Take the sample randomly every time, rinsed clean the sample use sterile water, weigh them after blot up surface water use sterilization filter papper, 75% alcohol disinfect for 30 s, sodium hypochlorite disinfect for 5 min, use sterile water wash three times, grinding to mud use outer hole mortar, add 1mL sterile water blending, dilution to10-1, 10-2, 10-3 concentration respectively, absorb 200 uL to coat KB tablet containing Ka and Amp, cultivate inverted in 28ºC cultivation box for 48 h, statistic fluorescent colony number inverted on the fluorescence microscope, converted to CFU/g, the conversion formula: Amount of watermelon acidophilic bacteria colonization (CFU/g) = (colony number×5×10×diluted multiples)/sample weight (g) 3.
    keywords: bacteria; colonization; gfp; melon; pslb3; pslbtw43; strains; subgroup; watermelon
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        item: #6104 of 7527
          id: cet-4407
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - cet-01.docx
        date: 2016-01-07
       words: 3654
      flesch: 40
     summary: Expression profiles of CHS, F3H, F3′H, DFR, and UFGT were parallel with the accumulation of anthocyanin, suggesting that the corresponding genes are involved in anthocyanin biosynthesis and likewise reflected in a concerted activation of anthocyanin gene expression. The relationship between gene expression and flavonoid content was calculated among the eight tested cultivars at all four development stages.
    keywords: accumulation; acid; anthocyanin; bayberry; chinese; content; development; expression; flavonoid; fruit; genes; total
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        item: #6105 of 7527
          id: cet-4408
      author: sara
       title: Format And Type Fonts
        date: 2015-08-15
       words: 3880
      flesch: 59
     summary: UK consumers are thus paying at least £ 3.55 billion/y extra for wind power. However, this is not what makes wind power really ugly.
    keywords: electricity; energy; power; renewable; solar; turbines; wind
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        item: #6106 of 7527
          id: cet-4409
      author: sara
       title: Format And Type Fonts
        date: 2015-08-15
       words: 4383
      flesch: 56
     summary: A significant step change in energy efficiency for milk evaporators is achieved in this study by modifying the set-up of the concentration processing pathway in combination with an improved heat exchanger network design. Available documentation from a global supplier presents set-ups and operation techniques for milk evaporators, which achieve a high energy economy (Westergaard, 2010), but, as will be demonstrated, their standard solution is sub-optimal.
    keywords: effect; evaporator; heat; milk; mvr; temperature; tvr; vapour
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        item: #6107 of 7527
          id: cet-441
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-441
        date: 2018-07-19
       words: 3181
      flesch: 55
     summary: It indicates that improving the ZT value of TEG can increase the efficiency of the combined system. 1,100 1,150 1,200 1,250 1,300 1,350 0 50 100 150 200 TIT /K W sy s /k J k g -1 Single microturbine System Combined System with TEG, Case 1 Combined System with TEG, Case 2 1,100 1,150 1,200 1,250 1,300 1,350 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 Single microturbine System Combined System with TEG, Case 1 Combined System with TEG, Case 2  sy s TIT /K Figure 2: Effects of turbine inlet temperature on power output and efficiency: (a) Power output, (b) Efficiency 5.2 Effect of compressor pressure ratio Figure 3a shows the trend of the power output varying with the compressor pressure ratio (2.0-3.6) for the single microturbine system and combined system with different ZT values. In this study, a thermodynamic model is developed for the thermoelectric power generator and microturbine combined power generation system.
    keywords: compressor; efficiency; microturbine; output; power; pressure; system; teg
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        item: #6108 of 7527
          id: cet-4410
      author: sara
       title: Format And Type Fonts
        date: 2015-08-15
       words: 2659
      flesch: 52
     summary:  , ,SRi SKj SRi SKjSRiCC aF c D   (10) A publication of The Italian Association of Chemical Engineering www.aidic.it/cet Guest Editors: Petar Sabev Varbanov, Jiří Jaromír Klemeš, Sharifah Rafidah Wan Alwi, Jun Yow Yong, Xia Liu Copyright © 2015, AIDIC Servizi S.r.l., ISBN 978-88-95608-36-5; ISSN 2283-9216 DOI: 10.3303/CET1545003 Please cite this article as: Ong B.H.Y., Pang Y.S., Wan J.Y., Yap A.K.S. , Ng W.P.Q., Foo D.C.Y., 2015, Water network optimisation with consideration of network complexity, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 45, 13-18 DOI:10.3303/CET1545003 13 Water Network Optimisation with Consideration of Network Complexity Benjamin H. Y. Ong a , Yoong Sze Pang a , Jian Yuan Wan a , Adrian K. S. Yap a , Wendy P. Q. Ng b , Dominic C. Y. Foo* a a Centre of Excellence for Green Technologies/Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Nottingham Malaysia, Broga Road, 43500 Semenyih, Selangor, Malaysia b Eureka Synergy Sdn Bhd, No. 41-2, Jalan MPK 4, Medan Perdagangan Kepayang, 70300 Seremban, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia Dominic.Foo@nottingham.edu.my This paper presents a superstructural model for the synthesis of water network, with the objective to reduce its complexity.
    keywords: cost; network; piping; process; sink; skj; source; sri; water
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        item: #6109 of 7527
          id: cet-4411
      author: sara
       title: Format And Type Fonts
        date: 2015-08-30
       words: 3468
      flesch: 49
     summary: Perry et al. (2008) introduced Locally Integrated Energy System (LIES) concept for integrating district heating system and renewable energy system with industrial processes. Space cooling system is essential for tropical countries and during summer in four-season countries.
    keywords: absorption; chiller; cooling; energy; heat; process; site; system; waste
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        item: #6110 of 7527
          id: cet-4412
      author: sara
       title: Format And Type Fonts
        date: 2015-08-15
       words: 1887
      flesch: 58
     summary: A publication of The Italian Association of Chemical Engineering www.aidic.it/cet Guest Editors: Petar Sabev Varbanov, Jiří Jaromír Klemeš, Sharifah Rafidah Wan Alwi, Jun Yow Yong, Xia Liu Copyright © 2015, AIDIC Servizi S.r.l., ISBN 978-88-95608-36-5; ISSN 2283-9216 DOI: 10.3303/CET1545005 Please cite this article as: Picón-Núñez M., Alvarado-Briones B., Rodríguez-Ibarra J.E., 2015, Thermo-hydraulic design of single and multi-pass helical baffle heat exchangers, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 45, 25-30 DOI:10.3303/CET1545005 25 Thermo-Hydraulic Design of Single and Multi-Pass Helical Baffle Heat Exchangers Martin Picón-Núñez*, Benjamín Alvarado-Briones, Jonathan Edwin Rodríguez- Ibarra Chemical Engineering Department, University of Guanajuato, Mexico picon@ugto.mx Helical baffle heat exchangers offer and attractive option in terms of reduced heat transfer area for the same pressure drop and heat duty compared to conventional exchangers. Helical baffle heat exchangers also called “helixchangers” exhibit a more uniform flow distribution on the shell side compared to conventional shell and tube exchangers for the same pressure drop (Sivarajan et al,. 2013).
    keywords: baffle; design; exchangers; heat; shell; tube
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        item: #6111 of 7527
          id: cet-4413
      author: sara
       title: Format And Type Fonts
        date: 2015-08-15
       words: 4151
      flesch: 50
     summary: H1 A1: 170 °C A2: 167 °C A3: 172 °C A1: 25 °C A2: 25 °C A3: 18 °C C1 A1: 1.5 MW A2: 1.36 MW A3: 1.39 MW A1: 100 °C A2: 109 °C A3: 89 °C 1 A1: 143 °C A2: 144.48 °C A3: 152.11 °C A1: 30 °C A2: 41 °C A3: 36 °C C3 A1: 3.5 MW A2: 3.58 MW A3: 4.3 MW A1: 53.3 °C A2: 65 °C A3: 61 °C 2 A1: 80 °C A2: 84.98 °C A3: 90.59 °C 170 °C 170 °C 3 A1: 1.75 MW A1: 65 °C 19 °C 15 °C 3 A2: 0.66 MW A3: 0.67 MW A2: 74 °C A3: 81 °C H3 A1: 200 °C A2: 196 °C A3: 202 °C A1: 75 °C A2: 79 °C A3: 60 °C C7 A1: 7 MW A2: 6.54 MW A3: 7.75 MW A1: 150 °C A2: 154 °C A3: 147 °C 6 A1: 116 °C A2: 112.52 °C A3: 98.36 °C A1: 20 °C A2: 20 °C A3: 21 °C C4 A1: 3 MW A2: 3 MW A3: 1.75 MW A1: 80 °C A2: 80.1 °C A3: 58.3 °C 7 A1: 80 °C A2: 74 °C A3: 75 °C H4 A1: 150 °C A2: 165 °C A3: 147 °C A1: 2.15 MW A2: 3.2 MW A3: 2.58 MW A1: 104.3 °C A2: 107.5 °C A3: 93 °C 8 A1: 120.4 °C A2: 121 °C A3: 109 °C A1: 1 MW A2: 1 MW A3: 1.35 MW A1: 100 °C A2: 101 °C A3: 87 °C 10 A1: 106.65 °C A2: 106.45 °C A3: 89.19 °C C5 A1: 100 °C A2: 101 °C A3: 89 °C 9 A1: 7.85 MW A2: 9.1 MW A3: 14.47 MW A1: 120 °C A2: 126 °C A3: 121 °C A1: 60 °C A2: 61 °C A3: 53 °C C6 A1: 0.5 MW A2: 0.66 MW A3: 0.33 MW A1: 85 °C A2: 86 °C A3: 69 °C 11 A1: 99.78 °C A2: 97.23 °C A3: 84.4 °C 12 13 A1: 4.35 MW A2: 4.2 MW A3: 3.22 MW A1: 40 °C A2: 39 °C A3: 37 °C A1: 0.5 MW A2: 0.45 MW A3: 0.52 MW A1: 110 °C A2: 103 °C A3: 95 °C A1: 150 °C A2: 154 °C A3: 145 °C A1: 70 °C A2: 67 °C A3: 74 °C C2 A1: 1.05 MW A2: 0.92 MW A3: 0.83 MW A1: 100 °C A2: 98 °C A3: 104 °C 4 A1: 134.6 °C A2: 139 °C A3: 134.2 °C 5 A1:5.43 MW A2: 4.72 MW A3: 5.95 MW A1: 55 °C A2: 62 °C A3: 57 °C H2 19 °C 15 °C 170 °C 170 °C 170 °C 170 °C 19 °C 15 °C Figure 2: HEN for plants A and B under varying operating conditions Figure 3: Total Site Profiles for existing design operating under varying conditions with the potential for hot water production 3.3 Identification of Modifications As from the targeting stage significant potential for energy consumption reduction was shown, the next step was the pre-screening and selections of the modifications. Numerical output provides economic parameters, e.g. incremental profit, investment cost, pipeline cost, and payback time, utility consumption reduction, modifications of existing heat exchange units, proposed new matches, etc.
    keywords: c a2
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        item: #6112 of 7527
          id: cet-4414
      author: sara
       title: Format And Type Fonts
        date: 2015-08-15
       words: 3903
      flesch: 36
     summary: 41 Figure 2: Aspen Plus ® (Aspen Technology Inc., 2013) flowsheet of BOF gas washing system Table 1: Comparison for main water streams of real data and simulation results at current conditions Fresh water RHOB water Clarifier overflow Water blowdown Parameter Units Data Simulated Data Simulated Data Simulated Data Simulated Mass flow kg/h 35,000 35,000 23,333 23,333 478,308 474,078 55,000 53,780 Temperature °C 27 27 30 30 35 34.8 35 34.8 pH 7.9 7.9 8.5 9.3 10 10.3 11 10.3 Elect. In particular water contamination need to respect the limiting values for each chemical species coming from the nature of water user process.
    keywords: analysis; aspen; data; plant; process; results; simulation; streams; water
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        item: #6113 of 7527
          id: cet-4415
      author: sara
       title: Format And Type Fonts
        date: 2015-08-15
       words: 3127
      flesch: 53
     summary: It aims to determine the flow rate targets for hydrogen network with intermediate hydrogen header and explore the relationship between the Purity and flow rate of hydrogen header. A publication of The Italian Association of Chemical Engineering www.aidic.it/cet Guest Editors: Petar Sabev Varbanov, Jiří Jaromír Klemeš, Sharifah Rafidah Wan Alwi, Jun Yow Yong, Xia Liu Copyright © 2015, AIDIC Servizi S.r.l., ISBN 978-88-95608-36-5; ISSN 2283-9216 DOI: 10.3303/CET1545008 Please cite this article as: Deng C., Zhou Y., Feng X. , 2015, Flowrate targeting for hydrogen network with intermediate header, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 45, 43-48 DOI:10.3303/CET1545008 43 Flowrate Targeting for Hydrogen Network with Intermediate Header Chun Deng* ,a , Yuhang Zhou a , Xiao Feng b a State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, College of Chemical Engineering, China University of Petroleum, 18 Fuxue Rd., Changping, 102249, Beijing, China b New Energy Institute, China University of Petroleum, Beijing, 102249, China chundeng@cup.edu.cn In this paper, Improved Problem Table (IPT) is utilized to locate the flow rate targets of hydrogen network with intermediate hydrogen header.
    keywords: flow; header; hydrogen; mol; network; purity; rate
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        item: #6114 of 7527
          id: cet-4416
      author: sara
       title: Format And Type Fonts
        date: 2015-08-15
       words: 3569
      flesch: 51
     summary: H1 H2 C1 C2 66.8㎡ 264.3㎡ 113.3㎡ 83.7㎡ 50.8㎡ 17.7㎡ Figure 2: The final structure of multi-period HEN in Scenario 1 obtained by the representative period method Scenario 2 Durations of sub-periods are similar or variable Table 3: Assignment of heat transfer areas in Scenario 2 Match (i, j, k) (2, 1, 2) (1, 1, 1) (1, 2, 2) (2, CU, 3) (HU, 1, 0) (2, 2, 2) (1, CU, 3) Assigned Area/ m 2 264.3 113.3 66.8 50.8 17.7 14.6 6.9 H1 H2 C1 C2 66.8㎡ 264.3㎡ 113.3㎡ 14.6㎡ 6.9㎡ 50.8㎡ 17.7㎡ Figure 3: The final structure of multi-period HEN in Scenario 2 obtained by the stepwise simplifying method Table 4: Comparison of replacement strategies for multi-stream heat exchangers Replacement strategies Combined dual- stream exchangers Area of multi- stream exchangers/ m 2 Capital cost of multi-stream exchangers/ $ Total capital cost after replacement/ $ The same hot stream (1, 1, 1)+(1, 2, 2) 180.1 97,746 224,820 (2, 1, 2)+(2, 2, 2) 278.9 127,074 The same cold stream (1, 1, 1)+(2, 1, 2) 331.1 140,852 220,452 (1, 2, 2)+(2, 2, 2) 127.9 79,600 To simplify the HEN structure and reduce the capital cost, the dual-stream heat exchangers with the same hot or cold stream are combined and replaced by the multi-stream heat exchangers.
    keywords: heat; hen; method; period; representative; sub
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        item: #6115 of 7527
          id: cet-4417
      author: sara
       title: Format And Type Fonts
        date: 2015-08-15
       words: 3388
      flesch: 61
     summary: Targeting for water regeneration network were also carried out using the CTA by Agrawal and Shenoy (2006). Conclusions In this work, the Improved Composite Table Algorithm has been proposed for targeting regeneration- recycle water network.
    keywords: concentration; cta; network; ppm; recycle; regeneration; targeting; water
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        item: #6116 of 7527
          id: cet-4418
      author: sara
       title: Format And Type Fonts
        date: 2015-08-15
       words: 2735
      flesch: 62
     summary: wangyufei@cup.edu.cn Fouling severely reduces energy recovery in heat exchanger network (HEN). In practice, fluid velocity can’t be greater than 2.0 m/s, or vibration and abrasion of heat exchanger will be a big problem.
    keywords: drop; exchanger; flow; fouling; heat; oil; rate; velocity
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        item: #6117 of 7527
          id: cet-4419
      author: sara
       title: Format And Type Fonts
        date: 2015-08-15
       words: 2866
      flesch: 61
     summary: The flow rate of intermediate-fluid needs to be large enough to recover the heat from heat source plant to heat sink plant, but the increased http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0360544211008097 68 flow rate will directly increase the diameter of pipe and pump power so that both investment and operation cost will increase. Bagajewicz M., Rodera H., 2002, Multiple plant heat integration in a total site, AIChE Journal, 48(10), 2255-2270.
    keywords: heat; ik ik; integration
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        item: #6118 of 7527
          id: cet-442
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-442
        date: 2018-07-19
       words: 3506
      flesch: 52
     summary: 𝑎𝑖 area/capacity of power source i 𝑝𝑖𝑡 e excess power from source i in time interval t 𝑝𝑠𝑡 in power charged to energy storage system s in time interval t 𝑝𝑠𝑡 out power discharged from energy storage system s in time interval t 𝑝𝑖𝑡 power output of source i in time interval t 𝑝𝑖𝑗𝑡 power from source i to demand j in time interval t 𝑝𝑖𝑠𝑡 power from source i to energy storage system s in time interval t 𝑝𝑠𝑗𝑡 power from energy storage system s to demand j in time interval t 𝑞𝑠𝑡 energy stored in storage system s at the end of time interval t 𝑞𝑠 cap energy-related capacity of energy storage system s References Bandyopadhyay S., 2011, Design and optimization of isolated energy systems through pinch analysis, Asia- Pacific Journal of Chemical Engineering, 6 (3), 518–526. Chen C.L., Lai C.T., Lee J.Y, 2014a, Transshipment model-based MILP (mixed-integer linear programming) formulation for targeting and design of hybrid power systems, Energy, 65, 550–559. Chen C.L., Lai C.-T., Lee J.Y., 2014b, Transshipment model-based linear programming formulation for targeting hybrid power systems with power loss considerations, Energy, 75, 24–30. This approach has led to the study of different types of hybrid power systems (HPSs), with an emphasis on sizing and optimisation to ensure a cost-effective system.
    keywords: design; energy; interval; power; source; storage; system; time
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        item: #6119 of 7527
          id: cet-4420
      author: sara
       title: Format And Type Fonts
        date: 2015-08-15
       words: 2908
      flesch: 56
     summary: Steam networks transport steam from producers to consumers and across different pressure levels. Redundancy is usually built into steam networks through the oversizing of the boilers and through the construction of back up units, implying important investment costs.
    keywords: boiler; costs; failure; network; sites; steam; units
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        item: #6120 of 7527
          id: cet-4421
      author: sara
       title: Format And Type Fonts
        date: 2015-08-15
       words: 2685
      flesch: 55
     summary: Similar microbial communities were found in other lignocellulose-fed 80 air-cathode MFC with aquatic plant (Guo et al., 2009) and corn stover (Xin et al., 2010) but there is some evidence that clostridium sp. emerged during the long period of acclimation process of the hydrolysate in MFC that may also contribute to cellulose degradation (Xin et al. 2010). In addition, at low concentration (1.5 g of pre-treated EFB) at 100 Ohm, achieved higher power value of 0.678 W/m 2 , compared with 3.5 g and 5.5 g, the maximum power value of 0.56 and 0.42 W/m 2 .
    keywords: cellulose; efb; fuel; mfc; microbial; power; pre
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        item: #6121 of 7527
          id: cet-4422
      author: sara
       title: Format And Type Fonts
        date: 2015-08-15
       words: 3634
      flesch: 60
     summary: To guarantee the product quality and flow rate, the inlet hydrogen, hydrogen consumption and outlet hydrogen of the hydro-cracking reactor will change correspondingly. The quantitative relationships between the hydrogen utility adjustment and the coupled sink and source connecting to the VGO reactor are determined and applied to construct the quantitative relationship diagram, and analyze the effect of the feed oil’s sulfur content, inlet hydrogen flow rate and purity.
    keywords: hydrogen; oil; reactor
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        item: #6122 of 7527
          id: cet-4423
      author: sara
       title: Format And Type Fonts
        date: 2015-08-15
       words: 2471
      flesch: 43
     summary: Based on the variables mentioned above, if only one objective was considered in process synthesis, the mathematical model of the synthesis master task can be formulated as a MINLP problem with the following form:   I C I C , , I C I C Wang D., Feng X., Deng C., 2013, Modular integrated framework for process synthesis and optimization based on sequential process simulator, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 35,49-54.
    keywords: consumption; energy; ethylene; hydrogen; process; rate; recovery; synthesis
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        item: #6123 of 7527
          id: cet-4424
      author: sara
       title: Format And Type Fonts
        date: 2015-08-15
       words: 2725
      flesch: 54
     summary: Inlet Outlet Supply Target Cp (kJ/kg.K) Flowrate (kg/h) ∆Temp. (°C) FCp (kJ/K) H1 111 105 128 60 1.882 101 68 190.08 H2 153 153 140 65 2.176 14,657 75 31,893.63 H3 134 135 209 65 2.553 7,000 144 17,871.00 C1 101 105 70 130 2.053 37,000 60 75,961.00 C2 109 110 128 193 2.205 22,817 65 50,311.49 3.2 Stage 1: Target Selection (a) (b) (c) (d) Figure 1: Grid Diagram of heat exchanger network at different ΔTmin a) ΔTmin = 10 °C, b) ΔTmin = 20 °C, c) Researchers study on HEN optimality and aiming to design networks that have higher energy recovery with lower operating cost and implement the researches into real industries.
    keywords: controllability; heat; hens; value; δtmin
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        item: #6124 of 7527
          id: cet-4425
      author: sara
       title: Format And Type Fonts
        date: 2015-10-04
       words: 3455
      flesch: 63
     summary: The streams are linked vertically by heat exchangers. (iii) Important data such as temperature differences at the ends of heat exchangers are not able to be directly shown on the graph.
    keywords: analysis; cold; exchanger; heat; path; pinch; stream
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        item: #6125 of 7527
          id: cet-4426
      author: sara
       title: Format And Type Fonts
        date: 2015-08-15
       words: 4060
      flesch: 51
     summary: Figure 2: Total Site Profiles with hot water production for operating condition C4 112 3.2 Identification and Selection of Modifications From the targeting step, significant potential for hot water production and for energy consumption reduction are shown. Four plants P1 – P4 within the refinery are analysed under four operating conditions C1 – C4.
    keywords: heat; modifications; software; step; transgen
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        item: #6126 of 7527
          id: cet-4427
      author: sara
       title: Format And Type Fonts
        date: 2015-08-15
       words: 2396
      flesch: 59
     summary: Using the proposed model, the hot utility and cold utility requirements were calculated to be 13 MJ and 15.4 MJ. The minimum allowable temperature difference for heat exchange is given to be 10 ºC. It should be noted that without heat integration hot utility and cold utility requirement are 470 kWh and 510 kWh.
    keywords: batch; heat; model; process; stream; utility
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        item: #6127 of 7527
          id: cet-4428
      author: Nemet
       title: Microsoft Word - 0381_CET45_021
        date: 2015-08-17
       words: 4198
      flesch: 51
     summary: HPS: indirect transfer; high pressure steam Figure 3: Overall frequency and severity of a certain heat transfer by considering a) toxicity, b) flammability, c) explosiveness and d) heat loss risk assessment. On a Total Site three different configurations of heat transfer are possible: i) Indirect, via an intermediate utility (Figure 1a) and direct, by transporting either ii) cold (Figure 1b) or iii) hot (Figure 1c) process streams of one process to exchange heat within another process.
    keywords: h1p1; heat; process; risk; site; stream; total; transfer; valve
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        item: #6128 of 7527
          id: cet-4429
      author: sara
       title: Format And Type Fonts
        date: 2015-08-16
       words: 2633
      flesch: 49
     summary: A publication of The Italian Association of Chemical Engineering www.aidic.it/cet Guest Editors: Petar Sabev Varbanov, Jiří Jaromír Klemeš, Sharifah Rafidah Wan Alwi, Jun Yow Yong, Xia Liu Copyright © 2015, AIDIC Servizi S.r.l., ISBN 978-88-95608-36-5; ISSN 2283-9216 DOI: 10.3303/CET1545022 Please cite this article as: Lee J.-Y., Seid E.R., Majozi M., 2015, Heat integration of material transfer streams in batch processing plants, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 45, 127-132 DOI:10.3303/CET1545022 127 Heat Integration of Material Transfer Streams in Batch Processing Plants Jui-Yuan Lee* a , Esmael R. Seid b , Thokozani Majozi b a Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, National Taipei University of Technology, 1, Sec. 3, Zhongxiao E. Rd., Taipei 10608 Taiwan, R.O.C. b School of Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, 1 Jan Smuts Avenue, Braamfontein 2000, Johannesburg, South Africa juiyuan@ntut.edu.tw Batch processes are flexible allowing the production of different products within the same facility, and suitable for producing low volume, high value-added products such as pharmaceuticals and agrochemicals. In addition to process scheduling, heat integration has been increasingly considered for batch plants to reduce external utility (e.g. steam and cooling water) requirements for tasks involving heating or cooling, such as endothermic and exothermic reactions.
    keywords: batch; cooling; heat; integration; material; streams; temperature
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        item: #6129 of 7527
          id: cet-443
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-443
        date: 2018-07-19
       words: 3554
      flesch: 42
     summary: A large-scale case study of shale gas supply chains based on Marcellus Shale is presented to illustrate the applicability of the proposed modeling framework and solution strategy. Gao, J., You, F., 2017b, Game theory approach to optimal design of shale gas supply chains with consideration of economics and life cycle greenhouse gas emissions, AIChE Journal, 63, 2671-2693.
    keywords: chain; decisions; design; gas; leader; problem; processing; shale; supply
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        item: #6130 of 7527
          id: cet-4430
      author: sara
       title: Format And Type Fonts
        date: 2015-08-16
       words: 2801
      flesch: 52
     summary: The latter strategy is based on the so-called golden rule of Pinch Analysis, which allows sub-problems above and below the Pinch point (i.e., system bottleneck) to be optimally solved independently. Fundamentals of Pinch Analysis are now described in modern textbooks (e.g., Smith, 2005) and handbooks (e.g., Klemeš, 2013).
    keywords: analysis; approach; criticality; curve; foo; pinch; process; risk; sub
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        item: #6131 of 7527
          id: cet-4431
      author: sara
       title: Format And Type Fonts
        date: 2015-08-16
       words: 3466
      flesch: 57
     summary: i i out e F C, , in i i in e F C , load i e M t (a) Water regeneration plant r From water supply plant From another water-using plant i From water regeneration plant To another water-using plant To treatment plant To water regeneration plant i r , , ir ir i out e F Z C , , r r r r r out e F Z C    ,wr wr w e F Z C , , rr rr r out e F Z C   , ,rt rt r out e F Z C , , ri ri r out e F Z C   M S , , in r r in e F C , , out r r out e F C , load r e M r t (b) Wastewater treatment plant t From water supply plant From another water-using plant i From water regeneration plant r , , The superstructures for water-using plant, water regeneration plant, and wastewater plant are shown as Figure 1.
    keywords: flowrate; freshwater; gal; plant; regeneration; supply; water
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        item: #6132 of 7527
          id: cet-4432
      author: sara
       title: Format And Type Fonts
        date: 2015-08-16
       words: 2387
      flesch: 44
     summary: A new application of Waste Management Pinch Analysis (WAMPA) for carbon emission was proposed to identify waste management strategies based on specified landfill reduction target and carbon emission target. This study used WAMPA methodology to analysis the effect of recycling target and cost reduction target towards waste management planning.
    keywords: analysis; management; pinch; reduction; target; wampa; waste
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        item: #6133 of 7527
          id: cet-4433
      author: sara
       title: Format And Type Fonts
        date: 2015-08-17
       words: 3739
      flesch: 58
     summary: The following key points should be considered in safety issue assessment for the TSHI: i) Utility. Heating Modules safety Pipeline safety Cooling modules safety Heat exchanger, pump, compresor safety TSHT safety assessment scope Streams Process 1 Process N Figure 2: Safety evaluation structure for TSHI 2.2 Method The proposed procedure for safety issue assessment for TSHI consists of five steps, designed to help engineers in decision making on site-level safety.
    keywords: assessment; heat; level; loss; process; risk; safety; tshi; utility
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        item: #6134 of 7527
          id: cet-4434
      author: sara
       title: Format And Type Fonts
        date: 2015-08-16
       words: 2720
      flesch: 44
     summary: ∑ (6) Total numbers of heat transfer equipment for Total Site heat recovery are calculated from Eq(7): (7) Figure 3 well illustrated the numbers of heat exchangers and definition of heat transfer area in enthalpy interval of Total Site Profiles. It dealt with minimum heat transfer area for Total Site heat recovery.
    keywords: area; energy; heat; recovery; site; transfer; utility
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        item: #6135 of 7527
          id: cet-4435
      author: sara
       title: Format And Type Fonts
        date: 2015-08-16
       words: 3208
      flesch: 55
     summary: Given a set of power sources (i ∈ I ) consist of wind power (i = w) and diesel-fired power (i = d). Three power sources consist of wind power, solar power and diesel-fired power, but the supply of solar photovoltaic is so small that it can be ignored even though it is one of the power sources.
    keywords: diesel; energy; power; wind;  ;  ;  ;  ;  ;  
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        item: #6136 of 7527
          id: cet-4436
      author: sara
       title: Format And Type Fonts
        date: 2015-08-16
       words: 3557
      flesch: 52
     summary: LP steam for process heat for the TMP mill and sawmill is also produced using waste wood/hog fuel boilers. Surplus Black Liquor for Biorefinery Processes A major opportunity for producing chemicals exists by utilising black liquor as the feedstock instead of burning it for process heat; however the challenge is to still provide the heat demand to the kraft mill despite the reduction in black liquor going to the recovery boiler.
    keywords: cluster; heat; integration; new; process; urea; utility; wood
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        item: #6137 of 7527
          id: cet-4437
      author: sara
       title: Format And Type Fonts
        date: 2015-08-16
       words: 3435
      flesch: 56
     summary: As a result of the two analyses, it became clear that there was a huge amount of energy saving potential in block A. The conclusion was that optimizing energy use for an entire complex would theoretically yield energy saving potential in total of about 6,030 GJ/h. It was calculated that the annual energy saving potential was 48 × 10 6 GJ by 8,000 h/y. This was equivalent to almost 2 d domestic crude oil consumption in the whole of Japan because the domestic crude oil energy consumption is 23 × 10 6 GJ/d.
    keywords: analysis; area; energy; heat; potential; saving; site
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        item: #6138 of 7527
          id: cet-4438
      author: sara
       title: Format And Type Fonts
        date: 2015-08-16
       words: 3326
      flesch: 56
     summary: Objective of this paper is to develop a methodology to determine the optimal operating temperature of solar integrated MEE systems for the minimum capital cost of the entire system. A C A C A (6) Let, the ratio of product of ηo and It to collector loss coefficient be characteristic temperature Tsolar, ratio of solar collector cost to evaporator cost per unit area be C1 * , ratio of heat exchanger cost to evaporator cost per unit area be C2 * , ratio heat loss coefficient for collector to heat transfer coefficient for effect 1 be U1 * and ratio heat loss coefficient for collector to heat transfer coefficient for heat exchanger be U2 * .In order to find the optimal operating temperature Tout/optimal, the total cost of the system must be minimized for a given solar isolation, Id.
    keywords: collector; cost; effect; heat; mee; solar; system; temperature
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        item: #6139 of 7527
          id: cet-4439
      author: sara
       title: Format And Type Fonts
        date: 2015-08-16
       words: 2911
      flesch: 53
     summary: The energy required (W) for the thermal process based on self-heat recuperation can be derived by the following equation when process stream temperature is close to T0 and ΔT is much smaller than T0. It has the characteristics whereby total process heat can be recirculated within the process, leading to a marked reduction in energy consumption.
    keywords: energy; heat; process; processes; self; stream; temperature
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        item: #6140 of 7527
          id: cet-444
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-444
        date: 2018-07-19
       words: 3372
      flesch: 49
     summary: Each distillation column was modeled as an equilibrium stage operation which is deconstructed as a succession of control volume nodes (the trays) which are intermediated by flow restriction non-capacitive nodes (the weirs). (2002) for the decomposition of process plants and their models, into control volume graphs.
    keywords: analysis; centrality; chemical; control; engineering; network; plantwide; process
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        item: #6141 of 7527
          id: cet-4440
      author: sara
       title: Format And Type Fonts
        date: 2015-08-16
       words: 3430
      flesch: 55
     summary: The increase of inner annulus flow (correspondingly decrease of outer annulus flow), as in the case of B2 and B3, results in much higher emissions of NO and NO2 while B3 shows higher CO. (1998) reported that double annulus swirl flame burner presents the advantage of enabled control of radial distribution of flow and the degree of swirl to achieve stable flames over a wide range of operating conditions.
    keywords: air; annulus; emissions; flame; flow; outer; ratio; swirl
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        item: #6142 of 7527
          id: cet-4441
      author: sara
       title: Format And Type Fonts
        date: 2015-08-16
       words: 3594
      flesch: 51
     summary: The use of this methodology leads to the development of a mathematical model that maximizes robustness against uncertainty, subject to the achievement of system targets. Mathematical programming methods have proven to be valuable for the optimal synthesis of such polygeneration systems.
    keywords: demand; design; model; optimization; polygeneration; process; profit; system; target
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        item: #6143 of 7527
          id: cet-4442
      author: sara
       title: Format And Type Fonts
        date: 2015-08-16
       words: 3488
      flesch: 47
     summary: The last flowsheet is based on biomass reforming process integrated with SOFC. All possible flowsheets of hydrogen production processes are generated and the process assessment is performed based on the multi-evaluation of efficiency, economic and environmental impacts.
    keywords: anaerobic; biomass; criteria; digestion; gas; hydrogen; process; reforming; sofc; temperature
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        item: #6144 of 7527
          id: cet-4443
      author: sara
       title: Format And Type Fonts
        date: 2015-08-16
       words: 2749
      flesch: 46
     summary: A smaller derivative means that the process sensitivity is lower, hence, from process control of view, distillation column design A is less sensitive to the effect of disturbance thus make it more robust in maintaining its controlled variable in the presence of disturbances. From the result tabulated in Table 7, it is clearly seen that the multi-objective function, J for distillation column design A is the highest compared to other designs due to it has the best value for design, controller design, sustainability and economic.
    keywords: analysis; column; control; design; distillation; methodology; process; sustainability
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        item: #6145 of 7527
          id: cet-4444
      author: sara
       title: Format And Type Fonts
        date: 2015-08-16
       words: 2716
      flesch: 45
     summary: Rigorous simulations of refrigeration cycles are carried out with the following assumptions: 1. Case 2: Prediction power requirement in cascaded refrigeration cycle This case compares the total shaft work prediction by the shortcut model with the shaft work calculated using HYSYS and with the published data of Branan (2005) when there is a large temperature difference between refrigerant condensing and evaporation.
    keywords: cycle; heat; model; power; refrigeration; temperature
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        item: #6146 of 7527
          id: cet-4445
      author: sara
       title: Format And Type Fonts
        date: 2015-08-16
       words: 2732
      flesch: 56
     summary: It can be stated the value of  sC should be significantly decrease in order to reach higher water flux. It can 227 also be stated from this figure that the concentration fall on the sponge layer and on the external boundary layer is also rather high due to its low values at higher value of S and A. Accordingly, decreasing values of S of them can essentially increase the value of Cm,s-Cm,p, and thus, the water flux as well.
    keywords: energy; pressure; solution; value; water
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        item: #6147 of 7527
          id: cet-4446
      author: sara
       title: Format And Type Fonts
        date: 2015-08-16
       words: 2209
      flesch: 53
     summary: Until very recently, graphical methods are still important tools for synthesis of water network (Zhang et al., 2015), design of hydrogen networks (Yang et al., 2014), planning and design of low carbon product (Mohd Nawi et al., 2014), and targeting and design of multiple utility systems (Wan Alwi et al., 2014). 234 Notation Cmax,in —— the limiting data for inlet concentration, ppm Cmax,out —— the limiting data for outlet concentration, ppm Fmax —— the maximum flow rate of the processes, t/h FOPs —— the processes which use freshwater only M —— the mass load of the processes, g/h Reference Feng X., Bai J., Zheng X.S., 2007, On the use of graphical method to determine the targets of single- contaminant regeneration recycling water systems, Chemical Engineering Science, 62, 2127-2138.
    keywords: method; processes; regeneration; stream
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        item: #6148 of 7527
          id: cet-4447
      author: sara
       title: Format And Type Fonts
        date: 2015-08-16
       words: 3045
      flesch: 50
     summary: Figure 1: The flowchart of the existing process (COMP – compressors; R – reactors; K – distillation columns; M – mixers; HE – heat exchangers; GC – gas cooler; COL – coolers; AC – air coolers; RW - recycled water; HW – hot water; CW – cold water) The main parameters, which influence the HEN capital cost includes number of heat exchangers, their heat exchanger area, the type of heat exchangers and pressure drop of heat carriers, the installed capital cost of heat exchanger and re-piping.
    keywords: benzene; cost; energy; heat; integration; process; retrofit; unit
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        item: #6149 of 7527
          id: cet-4448
      author: sara
       title: Format And Type Fonts
        date: 2015-08-16
       words: 3879
      flesch: 38
     summary: A system of systems approach to energy sustainability assessment: Are all renewables really green? The paper highlights that the awareness and the engagement of all people involved will be driver factors for energy savings in hospitals.
    keywords: actions; doi; energy; framework; health; hospitals; management; program; saving; sustainability
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        item: #6150 of 7527
          id: cet-4449
      author: sara
       title: Format And Type Fonts
        date: 2015-08-16
       words: 3123
      flesch: 48
     summary: flavio.manenti@polimi.it This article is devoted to the study of optimal control strategies for reverse osmosis membrane modules with recirculation. In recent years more and more research papers devoted to the development of mathematical models of reverse osmosis membranes have been published.
    keywords: concentration; control; flow; membrane; module; mpc; permeate; water
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        item: #6151 of 7527
          id: cet-445
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-445
        date: 2018-07-19
       words: 2827
      flesch: 41
     summary: This study demonstrates the potential of efficiently managing the organic component of nuclear waste using a cleaner, environmentally friendly biological process. In this study, a bioseparation process for extraction of 14C and de-radiation of nuclear graphite was investigated in a continuous flow sequencing-batch/biofilm reactor.
    keywords: chirwa; compounds; degradation; energy; figure; pathway; process; waste
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        item: #6152 of 7527
          id: cet-4450
      author: sara
       title: Format And Type Fonts
        date: 2015-08-30
       words: 3093
      flesch: 54
     summary: 2.2 CO2 absorption test CO2 capture efficiency (η) was experimentally determined from the inlet and outlet gas flow rate (Q) and CO2 concentration (CCO2). The prevention of membrane wetting is important to maintaining high performance in CO2 absorption.
    keywords: absorption; ammonia; capture; co2; efficiency; gas; membrane; solution
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        item: #6153 of 7527
          id: cet-4451
      author: sara
       title: Format And Type Fonts
        date: 2015-08-16
       words: 3446
      flesch: 52
     summary: The effects of Au-loading into TiO2 for photocatalytic CO2 reduction with H2 to CO through RWGS reaction using different irradiation times at 100 ° C, CO2/H2 ratio 1.0 and flow rate 20 mL/min are presented in Figure 4 (a). The stability test for photocatalytic CO2 reduction with H2 over Au-doped TiO2 catalyst is illustrated in Figure 5 (b).
    keywords: catalyst; co2; monolith; photocatalytic; photoreactor; reduction; surface; tio2
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        item: #6154 of 7527
          id: cet-4452
      author: sara
       title: Format And Type Fonts
        date: 2015-08-17
       words: 3701
      flesch: 60
     summary: Aside from estimating CO2 utilisation, this method also allows an industrial site planner to identify the suitable industries that can act as CO2 sources or CO2 demands for a given region. (3) How can the amount of CO2 purity required by the industries (demands) be satisfied?
    keywords: capture; carbon; co2; header; purity; storage; utilisation
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        item: #6155 of 7527
          id: cet-4453
      author: sara
       title: Format And Type Fonts
        date: 2015-08-16
       words: 3080
      flesch: 48
     summary: Meldom J.H., 2011, Amine screening for flue gas CO2 capture at coal-fired power plants: Should the heat of desorption be high, low or in between? Mikulcic H., Vujanovic M., Markovska N., Filkoski R., Ban M., Duic N., 2013, CO2 emission reduction in the cement industry, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 35, 703-708. Moioli S., Pellegrini L.A., 2013, Regeneration section of CO2 capture plant by MEA scrubbing with a rate- based model, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 35, 1849-1854.
    keywords: capture; chemical; co2; engineering; flue; gas; plant; power; transactions
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        item: #6156 of 7527
          id: cet-4454
      author: sara
       title: Format And Type Fonts
        date: 2015-08-16
       words: 3195
      flesch: 42
     summary: Cormos C.C., 2014, Economic evaluations of coal-based combustion and gasification power plants with post-combustion CO2 capture using calcium looping cycle, Energy 78, 665-673. NGCC power plant with calcium looping concept and main design assumptions Calcium looping cycle in a NGCC-based post-combustion capture configuration uses the flue gases from the gas turbine.
    keywords: calcium; capture; case; co2; energy; gas; looping; ngcc; plant; power
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        item: #6157 of 7527
          id: cet-4455
      author: sara
       title: Format And Type Fonts
        date: 2015-08-16
       words: 2625
      flesch: 50
     summary: Introduction Formerly significant portion of households were connected to the low voltage grid with single phase connection through single phase power meter. Many countries have changed their regulating laws about power supply to allow for grid-tie inverter systems to provide spare power from renewable sources to local low voltage grids.
    keywords: asymmetry; controller; current; grid; phase; power; unbalance; voltage
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        item: #6158 of 7527
          id: cet-4456
      author: sara
       title: Format And Type Fonts
        date: 2015-10-08
       words: 2861
      flesch: 54
     summary: Conclusions Using a statistical approach, dynamic MOO was performed on two different technologies for reducing NGCC based power plant CO2 emissions. Supap T., Idem R., Tontiwachwuthikul P., Saiwan C., 2006, The roles of O2 and SO2 in the degradation of monoethanolamine during CO2 absorption from industrial flue gas streams, EIC Climate Change Technology, IEEE, 1-6. Xu C., Wang Z., Li X., Sun F., 2011, Energy and exergy analysis of solar power tower plants, Applied Thermal Engineering, 31, 3904-3913.
    keywords: carbon; co2; data; electricity; energy; gas; plant; power; price
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        item: #6159 of 7527
          id: cet-4457
      author: sara
       title: Format And Type Fonts
        date: 2015-08-16
       words: 3455
      flesch: 58
     summary: (2015) predict that the development of alternative fuels is still marginal in the future as opposed to fossil fuels and discussed the possibility of adapting carbon capture and storage (CCS); a technology that comprises of three stages: carbon capture, transport and storage. To find the cost of fuels used, there are two types of fuels involved in cement production which are fossil fuels k and alternative fuels l. Ck and Cl in the model represents cost of fuels k and cost of fuels l in €/kg of fuels while mk and ml represents mass of fuels k and mass of fuels l in kg/t clinker produced.
    keywords: ccs; cement; clinker; co2; cost; fossil; fuels; mass; materials
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        item: #6160 of 7527
          id: cet-4458
      author: sara
       title: Format And Type Fonts
        date: 2015-08-16
       words: 3295
      flesch: 55
     summary: CO2 adsorption was faster initially and then subsequently decreased with time. (a) (b) Figure 1: Equilibrium isotherm of CO2 adsorption on (a) M4P2 and (b) M5P2 at various temperatures correlated with 2-parameter Freundlich and Langmuir models The CO2 uptake isotherm profile is of type 1 according to IUPAC classification of isotherms.
    keywords: adsorption; co2; freundlich; isotherm; langmuir; models; sips
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        item: #6161 of 7527
          id: cet-4459
      author: sara
       title: Format And Type Fonts
        date: 2015-08-16
       words: 2840
      flesch: 59
     summary: Apart from conventional heat exchangers, also special heat exchanger types designed specifically for particular applications are often used – these are the so called tailor made heat exchangers. In this article, an evaluation procedure of several types (both conventional and special) of heat exchangers that are suitable for utilization of flue gas’ waste heat and the possibilities of their intensification will be described.
    keywords: exchanger; flue; gas; heat; tubes; type
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        item: #6162 of 7527
          id: cet-446
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-446
        date: 2018-07-19
       words: 4365
      flesch: 37
     summary: This graph-theoretic framework is based on mathematical axioms (Friedler et al., 1992a) that provide a basis for the development of efficient algorithms for PNS (Friedler et al., 1992b). Given a predefined set of system component units and streams, it is possible to use the P-graph framework to develop a maximal structure, which represents the union of all combinatorially feasible process networks (Friedler et al., 1993).
    keywords: applications; approach; chemical; engineering; et al; framework; friedler; graph; pns; problems; process
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        item: #6163 of 7527
          id: cet-4460
      author: sara
       title: Format And Type Fonts
        date: 2015-08-16
       words: 2629
      flesch: 49
     summary: Simulation results obtained using designed fuzzy neural network predictive control (FNNPC) in the task of set point tracking and in the task of disturbance rejection are shown in Figure 6. References Abu-Siada A., Hmood S., 2013, Fuzzy logic approach for power transformer asset management based on dissolved gas-in-oil analysis, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 33, 997-1002. 318 Ahmadi A., Hosseini M.R., 2015, A Fuzzy Logic Model to Predict the Bioleaching Efficiency of Copper Concentrates in Stirred Tank Reactors, International Journal of Nonferrous Metallurgy, 4, 1-8. Bello O., Hamam Y., Djouani K., 2014, Fuzzy dynamic modeling and predictive control of a coagulation chemical dosing unit for water treatment plants, Journal of Electrical Systems and Information Technology, 1, 129-143.
    keywords: control; data; engineering; exchanger; heat; model; network; neural
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        item: #6164 of 7527
          id: cet-4461
      author: sara
       title: Format And Type Fonts
        date: 2015-10-08
       words: 2781
      flesch: 48
     summary: For instance, Heat Integration tool ―i- Heat‖ developed by Process Integration Ltd (i-HEAT, 2015) provides capability to import from or export to process simulators, but inter-operability with other tools of similar purpose or a data exchange format description are limited as the tool is mainly for the in-house use. It started (Linnhoff and Flower, 1978) mainly as Heat Integration (HI).
    keywords: data; format; heat; hen; integration; model; process
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        item: #6165 of 7527
          id: cet-4462
      author: sara
       title: Format And Type Fonts
        date: 2015-08-16
       words: 2652
      flesch: 37
     summary: Analysis of the data revealed that the top three regions show relatively high values in terms of regional performance 328 indicators – water supply for region XII, and carbon dioxide sources shared by both regions III and IV-A. These sub-criteria belong to natural resources main criteria which obtained the highest percentage of importance at 40 %. Meanwhile, the pairwise comparison matrix was generated as an n by n matrix in which n is the number of main criteria, or the number of sub-criteria relative to each main criterion.
    keywords: analysis; criteria; industry; microalgae; philippines; region; sub; xii
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        item: #6166 of 7527
          id: cet-4463
      author: sara
       title: Format And Type Fonts
        date: 2015-08-16
       words: 3612
      flesch: 51
     summary: A publication of The Italian Association of Chemical Engineering www.aidic.it/cet Guest Editors: Petar Sabev Varbanov, Jiří Jaromír Klemeš, Sharifah Rafidah Wan Alwi, Jun Yow Yong, Xia Liu Copyright © 2015, AIDIC Servizi S.r.l., ISBN 978-88-95608-36-5; ISSN 2283-9216 DOI: 10.3303/CET1545056 Please cite this article as: Máša V., Vondra M., 2015, Operational problems: biomass boilers with oversized output, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 45, 331-336 DOI:10.3303/CET1545056 331 Operational Problems: Biomass Boilers with Oversized Output Vítězslav Máša*, Marek Vondra Brno University of Technology, NETME Centre & Inst. of Process and Environmental Engineering – VUT ÚPEI. This design solution cannot be applied on biomass boilers since operational range of standard industrial biomass boilers is set to operate above 30 % of boiler nominal capacity.
    keywords: biomass; boiler; capacity; combustion; demand; efficiency; energy; heat; output
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        item: #6167 of 7527
          id: cet-4464
      author: sara
       title: Format And Type Fonts
        date: 2015-08-16
       words: 4235
      flesch: 50
     summary: The major ingredients of KSA’s waste are food waste (50.6 %), plastics (17.4 %), paper (11.9 %) and cardboard (6.7 %) The physical and chemical composition of food waste is given in Table 3.
    keywords: electricity; energy; food; fuel; generation; ksa; pyrolysis; rdf; table; technologies; waste; wte
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        item: #6168 of 7527
          id: cet-4465
      author: sara
       title: Format And Type Fonts
        date: 2015-08-17
       words: 3356
      flesch: 51
     summary: Results show that the solar and wind inclusion into the existing diesel plant decreased diesel fuel consumption, reduced carbon emission and decreased operation time of diesel generators. Results show that an HPS that combines solar and wind system with diesel power generation can provide significant diesel fuel savings while satisfying the demands at a reasonable cost.
    keywords: diesel; electricity; generator; power; system; wind
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        item: #6169 of 7527
          id: cet-4466
      author: sara
       title: Format And Type Fonts
        date: 2015-10-08
       words: 3690
      flesch: 45
     summary: “Surrogate-assisted” MOO refers to the use of surrogate models, either partially or completely, during the course of a MOO run with an aim to speed up the search. Hence, in their approach new points are only included for surrogate model fitting if they are expected to impact the domination decisions made by the genetic algorithm and on the basis of error estimates, provided by the kriging models.
    keywords: evaluations; framework; model; moo; optimisation; problems; space; surrogate; variable
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        item: #6170 of 7527
          id: cet-4467
      author: sara
       title: Format And Type Fonts
        date: 2015-08-16
       words: 3678
      flesch: 60
     summary: An algal bioenergy park (ABP) is a special example of an EIP mainly focusing on the production of algal bioenergy products such as biofuels, biochemicals and energy. FLP models have been applied previously for the design of bioenergy systems (Tan et al., 2009).
    keywords: abp; algal; bioenergy; park; plant; profit; tenants
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        item: #6171 of 7527
          id: cet-4468
      author: sara
       title: Format And Type Fonts
        date: 2015-08-16
       words: 3793
      flesch: 38
     summary: Mater., 20(1), 110-117. Buhler N., Meier K., Reber J., 1984, Photochemical hydrogen production with cadmium sulfite suspensions, Journal of Physical Chemistry, 88, 3261-3268 Funk J.E., 2001, Thermochemical hydrogen production: past and present, International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 26(3), 185-190. A publication of The Italian Association of Chemical Engineering www.aidic.it/cet Guest Editors: Petar Sabev Varbanov, Jiří Jaromír Klemeš, Sharifah Rafidah Wan Alwi, Jun Yow Yong, Xia Liu Copyright © 2015, AIDIC Servizi S.r.l., ISBN 978-88-95608-36-5; ISSN 2283-9216 DOI: 10.3303/CET1545061 Please cite this article as: Kalyva A.E., Vagia E.C., Konstandopoulos A.G., Srinivasa A.R., T-Raissi A., Muradov N., Kakosimos K.E., 2015, Investigation of the solar hybrid photo-thermochemical sulfur-ammonia water splitting cycle for hydrogen production, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 45, 361-366 DOI:10.3303/CET1545061 361 Investigation of the Solar Hybrid Photo-Thermochemical Sulfur-Ammonia Water Splitting Cycle for Hydrogen Production Agni E. Kalyva a , Ekaterini Ch.
    keywords: ammonium; cycle; energy; hydrogen; oxygen; production; solar; step; sulfate; water
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        item: #6172 of 7527
          id: cet-4469
      author: sara
       title: Format And Type Fonts
        date: 2015-08-16
       words: 3668
      flesch: 37
     summary: Recently, the optimization of supply chains (SC) associated to biorefineries and the multi-objective optimization of SC based on biomass conversion that include environmental and sustainability implications have gained the attention of the industry and academia. With respect to the consideration of the environmental issue in applications for supply chains, Czarnowska et al. (2014) analysed several methods to measure the environmental impact such as the methods based on life cycle assessment.
    keywords: chain; materials; method; objective; processing; supply; supply chain; uncertainty
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        item: #6173 of 7527
          id: cet-447
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-447
        date: 2018-07-19
       words: 3330
      flesch: 48
     summary: Conclusions The above introduced methodology and software provides an effective tool by process network synthesis and its extensions to avoid waste production even during time periods when certain operating units are not available. Friedler F., Varga J.B., Feher E., Fan LT., 1996, Combinatorially accelerated branch-and-bound method for solving the MIP model of process network synthesis, State of the Art in Global Optimization, 609-626.
    keywords: graph; network; operating; periods; process; set; synthesis; time; waste
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        item: #6174 of 7527
          id: cet-4470
      author: sara
       title: Format And Type Fonts
        date: 2015-08-16
       words: 4072
      flesch: 54
     summary: (*)( tI G T - NOCT ( t)TtT T NOCT NOCTa, acell          (14) 376 It is to be noted the behaviour of thermal system constitute non linear programming (NLP) mathematical formulation for separate thermal system. As only thermal output is generated by thermal system, the useful thermal output Eq(1) of PVT system is changed to Eq(15) to analyze the thermal system performance.
    keywords: area; collector; demands; energy; load; pvt; ratio; system; temperature
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        item: #6175 of 7527
          id: cet-4471
      author: sara
       title: Format And Type Fonts
        date: 2015-08-16
       words: 3124
      flesch: 42
     summary: Another important property of system dynamics is that this tool is used to explore the nature of system with interlinked elements, where general system‟s behaviour not the point‟s predictions are of interest (Barlas, 1996).To create system dynamics model following main elements should be used: stocks, flows, auxiliaries, and connectors. Blumberga A., Timma L., Vilgerts J., Blumberga D., 2014b, Assessment of sustainable collections and recycling policy of lead-acid accumulators from the perspective of system dynamics modelling, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 39, 649-655.
    keywords: ann; blumberga; box; dynamics; model; modelling; substitution; system
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        item: #6176 of 7527
          id: cet-4472
      author: sara
       title: Format And Type Fonts
        date: 2015-08-16
       words: 4028
      flesch: 51
     summary: Rahman M., Heikkila A.-M., Hurme M., 2005, Comparison of inherent safety indices in process concept evaluation, Journal of Loss Prevention in the Process Industries, 18, 327-334. An alternate concept known as inherent safety design aims to eliminate or minimize the hazards present in the plant through the introduction of inherent safety principles into process design.
    keywords: chemical; design; health; index; indices; molecule; process; properties; property; safety; target
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        item: #6177 of 7527
          id: cet-4473
      author: sara
       title: Format And Type Fonts
        date: 2015-08-16
       words: 3747
      flesch: 53
     summary: j j j j j However, at the minimum production cost solution, approximately 90 % of the water is used in the biomass cultivation stage, with only 10 % overall coming from process water consumption.
    keywords: biomass; consumption; cost; energy; j j; production; solution; technology; water; water consumption
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        item: #6178 of 7527
          id: cet-4474
      author: sara
       title: Format And Type Fonts
        date: 2015-08-16
       words: 3648
      flesch: 58
     summary: In Table 2, method denotes implemented control strategy, ΔT2 (3) is the steady-state offset of the controlled temperature, J is the value of quadratic criterion in Eq(3), Ju is the value of quadratic criterion in Eq(3) without taking states into account, and tsol is the average computational time necessary for solving the controller design problem. The heat losses can rise up to 50 % (Čuček et al., 2013) and therefore it is necessary to implement advanced control strategies and to optimize operation of HEs.
    keywords: case; control; heat; model; rmpc
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        item: #6179 of 7527
          id: cet-4475
      author: sara
       title: Format And Type Fonts
        date: 2015-08-16
       words: 2869
      flesch: 53
     summary: Case Study A case study from literature example (Hiete et al., 2012) is resolved to demonstrate the proposed approach. Process Integration (PI) techniques are well established approaches for maximizing heat recovery and thus reducing energy consumption in industrial plants (Linnhoff et al., 1982).
    keywords: approach; game; integration; model; process
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        item: #6180 of 7527
          id: cet-4476
      author: sara
       title: Format And Type Fonts
        date: 2015-08-16
       words: 2954
      flesch: 49
     summary: In this research, TRNSYS is implemented as one the best tools for dynamic simulations especially in renewable energy systems. Electrolysers convert electrical energy to electrochemical energy and for this purpose it is shown as practical applications in energy storage systems, where the storage element in this case is the hydrogen which has highest energy density per mass.
    keywords: electrolyser; energy; figure; hydrogen; power; storage; system; temperature; time; trnsys; water
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        item: #6181 of 7527
          id: cet-4477
      author: sara
       title: Format And Type Fonts
        date: 2015-08-16
       words: 3140
      flesch: 62
     summary: t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t CostOp
    keywords: cp t; energy; g t; t t; t w; t 
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        item: #6182 of 7527
          id: cet-4478
      author: sara
       title: Format And Type Fonts
        date: 2015-08-16
       words: 3079
      flesch: 55
     summary: This leads to a strong seasonal component in the demand of natural gas, which is mainly used by heat and power plants. In demand nodes where natural gas is not available (e.g., if the pipeline does not extend to the site or if the price of natural gas is not competitive) the local fuel demand is taken to be satisfied by an alternative fuel.
    keywords: demand; fuel; gas; lng; network; node; pipeline; pressure
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        item: #6183 of 7527
          id: cet-4479
      author: sara
       title: Format And Type Fonts
        date: 2015-08-18
       words: 3875
      flesch: 48
     summary: This study presents investment cost estimates for three different gasification based biofuel production systems producing synthetic natural gas (SNG), methanol and Fischer-Tropsch (FT) fuels. A comparison of investment cost estimates based on literature sources and estimates by industry is also made.
    keywords: biomass; cost; energy; equipment; estimates; investment; production; study; systems
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        item: #6184 of 7527
          id: cet-448
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-448
        date: 2018-07-19
       words: 3659
      flesch: 49
     summary: Ponce‐ Ortega J.M., Hortua A.C., El‐ Halwagi M., 2009, A property‐ based optimization of direct recycle networks and wastewater treatment processes, AIChE Journal, 55, 2329-2344. Liu C.Z., Li A.H., Liu Z.Y., 2017, A modified method for design of distributed wastewater treatment systems: Each unit removing multiple contaminants, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 61, 1213-1218.
    keywords: design; flowrate; liu; methods; processes; systems; treatment; wastewater
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        item: #6185 of 7527
          id: cet-4480
      author: sara
       title: Format And Type Fonts
        date: 2015-08-16
       words: 3161
      flesch: 33
     summary: A publication of The Italian Association of Chemical Engineering www.aidic.it/cet Guest Editors: Petar Sabev Varbanov, Jiří Jaromír Klemeš, Sharifah Rafidah Wan Alwi, Jun Yow Yong, Xia Liu Copyright © 2015, AIDIC Servizi S.r.l., ISBN 978-88-95608-36-5; ISSN 2283-9216 DOI: 10.3303/CET1545073 Please cite this article as: Busto Y., Palacios E.W., Tack F.M.G., Peralta L.M., Cabrera X., Dominguez E.R., Rios L.M., 2015, Environmental assessment of remediation technologies for mercury containing wastes using lca approach, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 45, 433-438 DOI:10.3303/CET1545073 433 Environmental Assessment of Remediation Technologies for Mercury Containing Wastes using LCA Approach Yailen Busto a , Edesmin W. Palacios* ,b , Filip M.G. Tack c , Luis M. Peralta d , Xiomara Cabrera d , Elena R. Dominguez d , Liz M. Rios d a Technological University of Israel, Francisco Pizarro street and Orellana Avenue E4-142, Quito, Ecuador b Central University of Ecuador, University Citadel between Bolivia and Salgado street, Quito, Ecuador c Bioengineering Science Faculty, Gent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000B, Gent, Belgium d Central University of Las Villas, Camajuani street km 5 ½, Santa Clara, Villa Clara, Cuba wsaudades@gmail.com Mercury cell chlor-alkali plants are not anymore considered a good industrial practice and the Integrated Pollution Prevention and Control of the European Union has indicated that chlor-alkali installations require obtaining licenses based on the Best Available Techniques. UNEP Chemicals website <www.unep.org/chemicalsandwaste/Portals/9/Mercury/Documents/Publications/Technical_background _report.pdf> accessed 02.04.2015 Busto Y., Cabrera X., Tack F.M.G., Verloo M.G., 2011, Potential of thermal treatment for decontamination of mercury containing wastes from Chlor-alkali industry, Journal of Hazardous Materials, 186, 114-118.
    keywords: alkali; assessment; chlor; environmental; impact; lca; mercury; scenario; treatment; waste
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        item: #6186 of 7527
          id: cet-4481
      author: sara
       title: Format And Type Fonts
        date: 2015-08-16
       words: 3294
      flesch: 60
     summary: r t r g t r r g t , , , ,rc tinv tom tfct r t r t r t r   (2) 2.2.1.1 Regional revenues For the first and second groups of technologies, revenues can be calculated by Eq(3) and Eq(4).
    keywords: capacity; china; costs; energy; power; t r; transmission
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        item: #6187 of 7527
          id: cet-4482
      author: sara
       title: Format And Type Fonts
        date: 2015-08-16
       words: 3736
      flesch: 52
     summary: Note that, F1 and F2 in Figure 1 are the hypothetically common factor for green elements, or known as factor loading in factor analysis. For this study, F1 and F2 will be calculated and used as the weighting for green elements.
    keywords: consumption; elements; facility; factor; green; index; performance; study; weighting
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        item: #6188 of 7527
          id: cet-4483
      author: sara
       title: Format And Type Fonts
        date: 2015-08-16
       words: 3028
      flesch: 66
     summary: C V j j P X a b X c X d X P T (10) Brine and Distillate tray Holdup calculation: B B B B j j j j j M Oh L V  Conclusions A detailed dynamic MSF process model describing the physical behaviour of the plant is considered here to study the impact of dynamic seawater temperature change on the performance of the process.
    keywords: j j; model; temperature
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        item: #6189 of 7527
          id: cet-4484
      author: sara
       title: Format And Type Fonts
        date: 2015-08-16
       words: 2502
      flesch: 51
     summary: One sources of energy that started to get attention is biogas release from sewage treatment plant (STP) which contains up to 70 % methane. Optimizations on sewage treatment plant are usually done on micro scale which concern on plant efficiency and cost.
    keywords: cost; electricity; location; plant; sewage; technology; treatment
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        item: #6190 of 7527
          id: cet-4485
      author: sara
       title: Format And Type Fonts
        date: 2015-08-16
       words: 3365
      flesch: 50
     summary: There are competing each other for biomass supply and market share. To further demonstrate the application of game theory in palm industry, a competitive environment criteria have been set up for the analysis which is short of biomass supply.
    keywords: analysis; biomass; cost; energy; game; industry; malaysia; oil; palm; strategy; supply
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        item: #6191 of 7527
          id: cet-4486
      author: sara
       title: Format And Type Fonts
        date: 2015-08-16
       words: 3147
      flesch: 56
     summary: This demands good process control, majority of which can be addressed using PID controllers, with some specific cases demanding more advanced control algorithms. c Department of Chemical Engineering, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 Bangi, Malaysia arshad@cheme.utm.my Product separations in petroleum refineries depend significantly on distillation process, which is known to be challenging to be optimally managed, especially when multiple products with variety of purity requirements are involved due to nonlinear dynamics and high degree of process interactions.
    keywords: control; distillation; flow; process
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        item: #6192 of 7527
          id: cet-4487
      author: sara
       title: Format And Type Fonts
        date: 2015-08-16
       words: 2578
      flesch: 55
     summary: Ng W.P.Q., Ng R.T.L., Lam H.L., Kamal M., Ng E.H., Ng D. K. S., 2012, Biomass corridor synthesis for Malaysia green energy supply chain, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 29, 703-708. Furthermore, utilisation of the wastes offers the prospective to reduce the environmental impact (i.e. reduction in greenhouse gasses) of energy supply (Sun, et al., 2014).
    keywords: biomass; energy; hub; malaysia; processing; supply
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        item: #6193 of 7527
          id: cet-4488
      author: sara
       title: Format And Type Fonts
        date: 2015-08-16
       words: 3725
      flesch: 46
     summary: Papasidero D., Manenti F., Corbetta M., Rossi F., 2014, Relating bread baking process operating conditions to the product quality: A Modelling approach, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 39, 1729- 1734. For this reason, while many researchers are focusing on the new technologies, some are more interested in optimising the food processing based on the consolidated technologies (Khatir et al., 2012).
    keywords: baking; bread; case; energy; food; gelatinization; optimisation; process; quality; temperature
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        item: #6194 of 7527
          id: cet-4489
      author: sara
       title: Format And Type Fonts
        date: 2015-10-20
       words: 3458
      flesch: 46
     summary:  Investigation on the integration of CCS and CU supply chains;  Multi-scale modelling and optimisation that integrates the scale of supply chain network design and the scale of process design and operations for algal biorefineries;  Multi-period modelling to capture seasonality in CO2 emissions at power plants due to changes in demand and in lipid productivity at algal biorefineries due to variability of solar irradiation;  Real-world case study in the state of Texas that reveals the economic and environmental potentials of integrating the two GHG abatement options. The power plants are sources of CO2 emissions, where the monthly CO2 output and corresponding unit capture costs and emissions are given.
    keywords: algal; biorefineries; chain; co2; cost; emissions; ghg; power; supply
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        item: #6195 of 7527
          id: cet-449
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-449
        date: 2018-07-19
       words: 4015
      flesch: 54
     summary: The mathematical modelling of fouling formation along PHE heat transfer surface, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 61, 247-252. Demirskiy et al. (2018) have checked the validity of PHE thermal model employing a dimensional model of fouling by experimental data of Chernyshov (2002).
    keywords: fouling; heat; model; phe; pressure; transfer;  
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        item: #6196 of 7527
          id: cet-4490
      author: sara
       title: Format And Type Fonts
        date: 2015-08-16
       words: 3049
      flesch: 47
     summary: Due to the significant economic and environmental impacts, it is essential to simultaneously take both of these two criteria into account when addressing the optimal design and operations of shale gas supply chains. Thus, the main goal of this work is to develop a functional-unit based life cycle optimisation model for optimal design and operations of shale gas supply chain, which can simultaneously evaluate and optimise the economic and environmental performance by optimisation of decisions for network design, drilling scheduling, technology selection, facility location and sizing, natural gas storage, and transportation, etc.
    keywords: chain; cycle; electricity; gas; life; optimisation; shale; shale gas; supply
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        item: #6197 of 7527
          id: cet-4491
      author: sara
       title: Format And Type Fonts
        date: 2015-08-16
       words: 3786
      flesch: 46
     summary: A publication of The Italian Association of Chemical Engineering www.aidic.it/cet Guest Editors: Petar Sabev Varbanov, Jiří Jaromír Klemeš, Sharifah Rafidah Wan Alwi, Jun Yow Yong, Xia Liu Copyright © 2015, AIDIC Servizi S.r.l., ISBN 978-88-95608-36-5; ISSN 2283-9216 DOI: 10.3303/CET1545084 Please cite this article as: Ye W., You F., 2015, A simulation-based optimization method for solving the integrated supply chain network design and inventory control problem under uncertainty, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 45, 499-504 DOI:10.3303/CET1545084 499 A Simulation-Based Optimization Method for Solving the Integrated Supply Chain Network Design and Inventory Control Problem under Uncertainty Wenhe Ye, Fengqi You* Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL 60208, USA you@northwestern.edu One of the key objectives of an optimised supply chain is to maintain a low operation cost as well as the service quality at a satisfactory level under demand uncertainty. However, the supply chain network design and inventory control optimisation are usually conducted in a sequential manner where the supply chain network is first determined by solving a mixed-integer programing (MIP) problem, and then the supply chain system with the given network design is tested as a “what if” problem in order to evaluate and improve its performance.
    keywords: chain; cost; design; inventory; network; optimisation; problem; simulation; supply; supply chain
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        item: #6198 of 7527
          id: cet-4492
      author: sara
       title: Format And Type Fonts
        date: 2015-08-16
       words: 3614
      flesch: 55
     summary: This approaches the concept of allowing the capacities of the various projects to change, but does not take into account the nonlinearly scaling aspect of capital cost with capacity. Figure 2: Flowchart for the proposed algorithm to solve MIFP problems with capital cost budget constraints using a parametric algorithm, piecewise linear approximations, and NLP subproblems to ensure feasibility and optimality (details about implementation and computer programs are given in Section 3).
    keywords: algorithm; capital; cost; j j; j n; nlp; problem; solution
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        item: #6199 of 7527
          id: cet-4493
      author: sara
       title: Format And Type Fonts
        date: 2015-08-16
       words: 2448
      flesch: 64
     summary: Luo X., Yuan M., Wang H., Jia Y., Wu F., 2012, On steam pipe network modeling and flow rate calculation, Procedia Engineering, 29,1897-1903. The Proposed model for pipe network analysis In this study, we proposed a modified Hardy Cross method which can be applied to analyze looped pipe networks with compressible and non-isothermal steam flows.
    keywords: analysis; flow; network; pipe; steam
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        item: #6200 of 7527
          id: cet-4494
      author: sara
       title: Format And Type Fonts
        date: 2015-08-16
       words: 3489
      flesch: 48
     summary: However the overall efficiency reduces at power generator capacity of 10 MW, this is mainly due to the turndown ratio of the system. (4) At power generator capacity of 7 MW, the ES storage capacity is revealed to be 3.78 MW (power-related) and 6.95 MWh (energy-related).
    keywords: capacity; cost; efficiency; energy; generator; power; system
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        item: #6201 of 7527
          id: cet-4495
      author: sara
       title: Format And Type Fonts
        date: 2015-08-16
       words: 2397
      flesch: 43
     summary: A publication of The Italian Association of Chemical Engineering www.aidic.it/cet Guest Editors: Petar Sabev Varbanov, Jiří Jaromír Klemeš, Sharifah Rafidah Wan Alwi, Jun Yow Yong, Xia Liu Copyright © 2015, AIDIC Servizi S.r.l., ISBN 978-88-95608-36-5; ISSN 2283-9216 DOI: 10.3303/CET1545088 Please cite this article as: Tan R.R., Aviso K.B., Uy O.M., 2015, Comprehensive sensitivity analysis in nlp models in pse applications using space-filling doe strategy, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 45, 523-528 DOI:10.3303/CET1545088 523 Comprehensive Sensitivity Analysis in NLP Models in PSE Applications Using Space-Filling DOE Strategy Raymond R. Tan* ,a , Kathleen B. Aviso a , Oscar M. Uy b a Chemical Engineering Department, De La Salle University, 2401 Taft Avenue, 0922, Manila, Philippines b Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, 11100, Johns Hopkins Road, Laurel, Maryland, USA raymond.tan@dlsu.edu.ph Sensitivity analysis is an integral step in the interpretation of the solutions of optimization models, particularly when there are uncertainties in the numerical values of model parameters. Table 1: Effect of model parameters F1 and F2 on optimal objective function value Term Estimate p-value Remark F1 0* > 0.05
    keywords: analysis; function; model; optimization; sensitivity; space
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        item: #6202 of 7527
          id: cet-4496
      author: sara
       title: Format And Type Fonts
        date: 2015-08-16
       words: 3595
      flesch: 35
     summary: Studies that report that lean tools help to identify and combat waste, could analyse and point out that in the same way these tools may contribute to the solution of hospital problems and provided to hospitals with a different perspective, assisting in making hospital decision. The model will provide processes for an alignment of all the hospital staff in order to minimize the wastes of hospital processes and environmental impacts by means of transparent management and engagement (Nazir et al., 2014).
    keywords: chain; decision; hospital; lean; making; management; model; process; supply; waste
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        item: #6203 of 7527
          id: cet-4497
      author: sara
       title: Format And Type Fonts
        date: 2015-08-16
       words: 3425
      flesch: 44
     summary: MFP then represents a dimensionless ratio between those savings originating from the footprint reduction, and lost economic value which is the result of the deviation from the economic optimum because of decreased footprint. In most cases, the optimum investment level for maximum economic benefit would be lower than for minimum footprint because more investment into footprint reduction technologies is required to achieve lower environmental impacts.
    keywords: co2; cost; figure; footprint; investment; reduction; tax; values
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        item: #6204 of 7527
          id: cet-4498
      author: sara
       title: Format And Type Fonts
        date: 2015-08-16
       words: 2845
      flesch: 53
     summary: This paper presents a design procedure to retrofit existing water network by adding regeneration units. 0.88×10 -3 Existing water network Stop Adding the regenerated stream into the existing network to form the network involving regeneration Identifying the demand to be satisfied, and selecting the sources streams to satisfy it Are all the demands satisfied?
    keywords: design; network; regeneration; stream; water
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        item: #6205 of 7527
          id: cet-4499
      author: sara
       title: Format And Type Fonts
        date: 2015-08-16
       words: 2890
      flesch: 51
     summary: Conclusions In this paper, a method based on PN for incorporating heat integration in batch process scheduling is developed. The problems for incorporating scheduling in batch process heat integration were simultaneously optimised by the combined model.
    keywords: batch; figure; heat; integration; operation; process; scheduling; time
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        item: #6206 of 7527
          id: cet-450
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-450
        date: 2018-07-19
       words: 2552
      flesch: 55
     summary: The eS-graph (event scheduling graph) model was introduced (Hegyhati, 2015) to provide a more flexible frame, that allows to solve wider range of scheduling problems, if an optimization approach is provided for this general model. Precedence based MILP models, however, also show a lot of similarities.
    keywords: batch; graph; model; reactor; scheduling
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        item: #6207 of 7527
          id: cet-4500
      author: Javier Fernandez
       title: Format And Type Fonts
        date: 2015-08-16
       words: 3705
      flesch: 54
     summary: Resulting streams of membrane processes were subjected to High Performance Size Exclusion Chromatography (HPSEC) to evaluate the average molecular weight (MW) of the solutes and also their molecular weight distribution (MWD), employing a JASCO instrument equipped with an interface (LC- NetII/ADC) and a refractive index detector (RI-2031Plus). Restolho J.A., Prates A., de Pinho M.N., Afonso M.D., 2009, Sugars and lignosulphonates recovery from eucalyptus spent sulphite liquor by membrane processes, Biomass Bioenergy, 33(11), 1558-1566.
    keywords: concentration; kda; membrane; permeate; process; rejection; ssl; stream; sugars
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        item: #6208 of 7527
          id: cet-4501
      author: sara
       title: Format And Type Fonts
        date: 2015-08-16
       words: 3918
      flesch: 56
     summary: Adi V.S.K., Chang C.T., 2015, Development of flexible designs for PVFC hybrid power systems, Renew. Energ. Figure 1: PVFCWT power generation system (adapted from Saathoff, 2009) PV Array Equipment Load Battery Fuel Cells Hydrogen Supply Wind Power Charge Controller Charge Controller DC Bus 560 Although numerous studies on the optimisation, modelling and design of the photovoltaics/fuel cell (PVFC) and the PVFCWT hybrid systems have been carried out in recent years, e.g., see Wang and Nehrir (2008), where overall power management strategy of PVFCWT hybrid system is addressed, Saathoff (2009), where the importance of solar, wind, fuel cell, and batteries are discussed, and Chen et al. (2013) where a mathematical programming approach is established for the analysis and design of the off-grid hybrid power system (HPS).
    keywords: battery; cell; energy; flexibility; power; system; wind
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        item: #6209 of 7527
          id: cet-4502
      author: sara
       title: Format And Type Fonts
        date: 2015-08-16
       words: 3673
      flesch: 46
     summary: Table 2: Model parameters, R 2 values and Sum of Absolute Errors after curve fitting Pretreatment Type Temperature / °C Newton Model Page Model k1 R 2 SAE k2 n R 2 SAE Untreated 60 0.3113 0.9823 63.96 0.1899 1.367 0.9995 14.31 70 0.4034 0.9803 56.06 0.2588 1.404 0.9995 11.99 80 0.8032 0.9220 66.68 0.4195 1.363 0.9994 11.27 90 0.5493 0.9764 46.12 0.3802 1.480 0.9994 12.16 100 0.7701 0.9904 22.11 0.7167 1.179 0.9949 22.61 Alkali 60 0.2648 0.9923 56.70 0.2904 0.9383 0.9933 47.60 70 0.3626 0.9783 83.49 0.4450 0.8243 0.9875 55.93 80 0.3770 0.9860 63.75 0.4430 0.8588 0.9917 41.68 90 0.4966 0.9940 34.82 0.5195 0.9483 0.9946 30.00 100 0.6110 0.9923 32.31 0.6312 0.9500 0.9928 29.20 Acid 60 0.2648 0.9930 54.10 0.2906 0.9380 0.9941 44.35 70 0.3874 0.9915 46.93 0.3464 1.103 0.9933 47.37 80 0.3911 0.9929 39.34 0.3407 1.127 0.9956 38.18 90 0.6729 0.9870 45.44 0.6557 1.051 0.9874 46.79 100 0.4500 0.9934 40.90 0.4755 0.9428 0.9941 35.32 Hydrothermal 60 0.3351 0.9712 80.93 0.1725 1.518 0.9994 11.79 70 0.4428 0.9735 60.30 0.2670 1.507 0.9998 6.708 80 0.5694 0.9762 44.90 0.3985 1.482 0.9997 6.517 90 0.6543 0.9769 39.07 0.4920 1.471 0.9998 4.202 100 0.9107 0.9723 30.95 0.7884 1.547 0.9997 3.766 Figure 1: Experimental and model drying curves for hydrothermal pretreatment with TGA at 90 °C 0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 0 10 20 30 40 M o is tu re R a ti o , M R ( d ry b a si s) Time (min) Comparison of experimental and model results of hydrothermal pretreatment with TGA at 90 °C Hydrothermal, T=90°C Newton Page 569 3.3 Elemental analysis of microalgae after pretreatment Elemental analysis was carried out on microalgae samples after pretreatment to determine the change in composition that arose due to the chemical pretreatment methods. g 7.62 7.405 7.4 Change in mass of microalgae sample / g -0.09 0.035 -0.17 Percentage change in mass of microalgae sample / % -8.82 4.76 -18.04 570 4. Conclusion Drying models, mass loss and change in elemental composition of microalgae samples after pretreatment were investigated.
    keywords: acid; content; drying; mass; microalgae; moisture; pretreatment; samples
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        item: #6210 of 7527
          id: cet-4503
      author: sara
       title: Format And Type Fonts
        date: 2015-08-17
       words: 2947
      flesch: 43
     summary: According to the Chen and Chen (2013) 57 % of international virtual water trade is embodied in all industry product trade, and 43 % is embodied in agricultural and processed food trade alone. pdf> accessed 16.03.2015. Chen Z.M., Chen G.Q., 2013, Virtual water accounting for the globalized world economy: national water footprint and international virtual water trade.
    keywords: carbon; china; co2; consumption; emissions; flows; trade; water
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        item: #6211 of 7527
          id: cet-4504
      author: sara
       title: Format And Type Fonts
        date: 2015-10-20
       words: 3643
      flesch: 47
     summary: A publication of The Italian Association of Chemical Engineering www.aidic.it/cet Guest Editors: Petar Sabev Varbanov, Jiří Jaromír Klemeš, Sharifah Rafidah Wan Alwi, Jun Yow Yong, Xia Liu Copyright © 2015, AIDIC Servizi S.r.l., ISBN 978-88-95608-36-5; ISSN 2283-9216 DOI: 10.3303/CET1545097 Please cite this article as: Kamyab H., Goh R.K.Y., Wong J.H., Lim J.S., Khademi T., Ho W.S., Ahmad R., Hashim H., Ho C.S. , Lee C.T., 2015, Cost-benefit and greenhouse-gases mitigation of food waste composting: a case study in malaysia, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 45, 577-582 DOI:10.3303/CET1545097 577 Cost-Benefit and Greenhouse-Gases Mitigation of Food Waste Composting: A Case Study in Malaysia Hesam Kamyab a , Rebecca Kar Yee Goh b , Jin Hong Wong b , Jeng Shiun Lim c , Tayebeh Khademi d , Wai Shin Ho e , Rahmalan bin Ahmad f , Haslenda Hashim c , Chin Siong Ho g , Chew Tin Lee *,b a Faculty of Civil Engineering, Department of Environmental Engineering, Centre for Environmental Sustainability and Water Security (IPASA), Water Research Alliance, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor81310, Malaysia b Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Department of Bioprocess Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 Johor Bahru, Malaysia c Faculty of Chemical Engineering, PROSPECT, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 Johor Bahru, Malaysia d Faculty of Management, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 UTM Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia e Faculty of Petroleum and Renewable Energy Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 UTM Johor Bahru Johor, Malaysia f Facuty of Science, Department of Chemistry, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 Johor Bahru, Malaysia g Faculty of Built Environment, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 Johor Bahru, Malaysia ctlee@utm.my Waste generation nowadays is rising in the world and it seems hard to prevent it. Conversion of food waste to compost can be an attractive solution for MSW management in Malaysia as the MSW has high moisture content (about 55 %)
    keywords: composting; cost; emission; food; ghgs; green; malaysia; management; study; utm; waste
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        item: #6212 of 7527
          id: cet-4505
      author: sara
       title: Format And Type Fonts
        date: 2015-10-08
       words: 2297
      flesch: 35
     summary: Results show that biodiesel production costs can be significantly reduced from 795 $/t to 584 $/t, by incorporating in the chemical supply chain soy meal, lecithins and soy deodorization distillate (SODD) products that have high commercial value. Figure 4: Process flowsheet diagram of extraction area (A200) Figure 5: Process flowsheet diagram of miscella distillation area (A300) Figure 6: Soy oil refining processing area (A400) 587 Figure 7: Sodium methoxide production area (A500) Figure 8: Biodiesel production area (A600)
    keywords: biodiesel; chemical; costs; figure; oil; process; production; products
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        item: #6213 of 7527
          id: cet-4506
      author: sara
       title: Format And Type Fonts
        date: 2015-10-20
       words: 2940
      flesch: 56
     summary: A publication of The Italian Association of Chemical Engineering www.aidic.it/cet Guest Editors: Petar Sabev Varbanov, Jiří Jaromír Klemeš, Sharifah Rafidah Wan Alwi, Jun Yow Yong, Xia Liu Copyright © 2015, AIDIC Servizi S.r.l., ISBN 978-88-95608-36-5; ISSN 2283-9216 DOI: 10.3303/CET1545099 Please cite this article as: Suleman H., Nasir Q., Maulud A.S., Man Z., 2015, Comparative study of electrolyte thermodynamic models for carbon dioxide solubility in water at high pressure, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 45, 589- 594 DOI:10.3303/CET1545099 589 Comparative Study of Electrolyte Thermodynamic Models for Carbon Dioxide Solubility in Water at High Pressure Humbul Suleman, Qazi Nasir, Abdulhalim S. Maulud*, Zakaria Man Department of Chemical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Bandar Seri Iskandar, 31750, Tronoh, Perak, Malaysia halims@petronas.com.my The electrolyte thermodynamic models have been extensively studied for carbon dioxide – water system for the prediction of vapour liquid equilibrium at low pressures. Contrarily, base model efficiently predicts the discussed system without using complex set of equations, with slight loss of accuracy as compared to mTCPC – LCVM model.
    keywords: carbon; dioxide; model; prediction; solubility; water
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        item: #6214 of 7527
          id: cet-4507
      author: sara
       title: Format And Type Fonts
        date: 2015-08-16
       words: 3859
      flesch: 50
     summary: Another main principle of helium extraction processes is distillation. Hence, crude helium production with a constant helium fraction is increased by reducing both the 1 st flash gas pressure and its condensing temperature.
    keywords: distillation; extraction; flash; gas; helium; hexu; lng; process; temperature
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        item: #6215 of 7527
          id: cet-4508
      author: sara
       title: Format And Type Fonts
        date: 2015-08-16
       words: 3415
      flesch: 58
     summary: Synthetic natural gas (SNG) from solid fuel via gasification is possible to provide a relative lower price than that of natural gas to NGCC units and to decrease the cost of electricity. It is possible to convert solid 602 fuel to synthetic natural gas (SNG) via gasification to provide a relative lower price than that of natural gas to decrease the cost of electricity.
    keywords: chip; co2; coal; feedstock; gas; gasification; kpc; sng; wood
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        item: #6216 of 7527
          id: cet-4509
      author: sara
       title: Format And Type Fonts
        date: 2015-08-16
       words: 2574
      flesch: 54
     summary: Sulphide oxidizing bacteria were isolated to determine the most appropriate loading conditions for sulphide removal and if possible sulphur production. Heterotrophic growth of a selected strain was determined using the nutrient broth, in which lactate and glucose were added to determine which one the carbon source is appropriate for sulphide removal.
    keywords: bacillus; bacteria; elemental; oxidation; solution; sulphate; sulphide; sulphur
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        item: #6217 of 7527
          id: cet-451
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-451
        date: 2018-07-19
       words: 2794
      flesch: 43
     summary: 4. Results In this work the effect of the use of gases with variable composition for the combustion in industrial furnaces was evaluated by means of a three-dimensional simulation using CFD, for which three cases were simulated with gas mixtures of different composition that were taken from the work done by O. Cala et al, which are shown in Table 1. The objective of this simulation is to evaluate the effect of using fuels with variable composition and calorific power in the combustion process in industrial furnaces by means of a three-dimensional simulation in CFD.
    keywords: cfd; combustion; furnace; gases; mixture; model; simulation
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        item: #6218 of 7527
          id: cet-4510
      author: sara
       title: Format And Type Fonts
        date: 2015-08-16
       words: 3149
      flesch: 41
     summary: Furthermore, a detailed evaluation of drying module related to energy efficiency is performed. In addition, detailed evaluation on proposed drying module has been conducted and significantly high energy efficiency can be achieved.
    keywords: chemical; drying; energy; heat; hydrogen; lrc; module; moisture; process
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        item: #6219 of 7527
          id: cet-4511
      author: sara
       title: Format And Type Fonts
        date: 2015-08-16
       words: 3497
      flesch: 50
     summary: In this context, there have been a lot of optimizations and modifications in targeting of an energy efficient usage of distillation columns. Firstly Pinch Analysis for stand-alone modification of distillation column is considered, followed by principles for appropriate integration of 620 distillation columns with the remaining process.
    keywords: butane; column; configuration; distillation; draw; exergy; iso; process
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        item: #6220 of 7527
          id: cet-4512
      author: sara
       title: Format And Type Fonts
        date: 2015-08-16
       words: 3471
      flesch: 41
     summary: It can be seen that the conversion of the toxic components such as CO and NOx on the Cu - Ni - Cr / zeolite - bentonite catalyst begins at the minimum contact time at temperature of 50 °C, while 20 % conversion or more is achieved only at 180 °C on the Cu-Ni / zeolite – bentonite catalyst. Effect of the method and conditions of preparation of granular catalyst systems was installed as a result of simultaneous mixing of all components of the catalyst mass and subsequent manufacture of the granules and by means of extrusion blocks and by successive manufacturing of the carrier, followed by supporting an active ingredient by incipient wetness.
    keywords: bentonite; carrier; catalyst; engineering; samples; surface; temperature; zeolite
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        item: #6221 of 7527
          id: cet-4513
      author: sara
       title: Format And Type Fonts
        date: 2015-10-08
       words: 2863
      flesch: 43
     summary: These devices can provide similar light output at the expense of only 20 % electricity consumption in comparison to incandescent lamps due to less energy lost as heat during luminance phenomenon. CFLs convert about 45 % energy into visible light, while incandescent lamp converts only 10 % (Tosenstock, 2007).
    keywords: energy; footprint; incandescent; lamps; life; light; lighting; spi
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        item: #6222 of 7527
          id: cet-4514
      author: sara
       title: Format And Type Fonts
        date: 2015-08-16
       words: 2963
      flesch: 52
     summary: In the proposed methodology following analogies are adopted: the energy potentials of renewable energy sources as flows from internal sources (kWh), unutilized renewable energy sources as waste, non-renewable energy source as resource, and per-unit cost of energy (Rs./kWh or $/kWh) as quality. In recent years, there is a rise in electricity generation from renewable energy sources (i.e., solar photovoltaic, solar thermal, wind, biomass, etc.).
    keywords: cost; electricity; energy; sources; subsidy; unit
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        item: #6223 of 7527
          id: cet-4515
      author: sara
       title: Format And Type Fonts
        date: 2015-08-16
       words: 3323
      flesch: 61
     summary: When Pinch Compression is used, according to Theorem 1, the entire stream is compressed at PIT if its pmc is less than p comp,PI,max(mc ) , which is determined using the concept of Potential Pinch Points. T T ?
    keywords: compression; expansion; heat; pinch; portion
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        item: #6224 of 7527
          id: cet-4516
      author: sara
       title: Format And Type Fonts
        date: 2015-08-16
       words: 3904
      flesch: 48
     summary: Using waste derived fuels in cement calciners does not only reduce combustion related CO2 emissions in cement production by 10-30 %, depending on the amount of used waste derived fuels and the biogenic fraction in the used waste derived fuel, but is also an environmentally beneficial alternative to waste landfill disposal. However, incineration of high share of waste derived fuels in cement calciners still faces significant challenges.
    keywords: calciner; cement; chemical; co2; coal; combustion; emissions; fuels; process; temperature; waste
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        item: #6225 of 7527
          id: cet-4517
      author: sara
       title: Format And Type Fonts
        date: 2015-08-16
       words: 3920
      flesch: 46
     summary: Heat integration opportunities and energy balances were established for the integrated concepts, both for high gravity process conditions and more conventional solids concentrations and the overall economics of the ethanol production were evaluated (Lundberg, 2015). In previous studies, the effect of high gravity was investigated for an alkaline-based ethanol process integrated with a pulp mill.
    keywords: costs; ethanol; gravity; process; production; solids; steam; yield
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        item: #6226 of 7527
          id: cet-4518
      author: sara
       title: Format And Type Fonts
        date: 2015-10-20
       words: 3101
      flesch: 39
     summary: Steel production is an energy intensive industry; in Sweden, the steel industry is the second largest energy consuming industry, and accounts for 18 % of the total energy use by the industry sector. Environmental concerns such as energy- & resource efficiency and minimizing of waste generation are ever-present topics for energy intensive industries such as steel production and aluminum recycling, and research for reducing the environmental impact is constantly ongoing work.
    keywords: aluminate; aluminum; calcium; dross; energy; production; steel
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        item: #6227 of 7527
          id: cet-4519
      author: sara
       title: Format And Type Fonts
        date: 2015-08-16
       words: 3410
      flesch: 51
     summary: Besides, co-pyrolysis of peat with polymeric waste and oil slime was investigated. The oil products concentration in oil slime was about 20 % wt., the catalyst loading was varied from 1 to 10 % wt.
    keywords: clay; oil; peat; products; pyrolysis; slime; waste
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        item: #6228 of 7527
          id: cet-452
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-452
        date: 2018-07-19
       words: 3421
      flesch: 51
     summary: However, one of the main disadvantage of these technologies is the atmospheric disposal of geothermal gases. Table 1: Composition of geothermal gas emitted from Hellisheiði and Nesjavellir power plants CO2 H2S H2 CH4 Nesjavellir 43.0% 33.9% 23.0% 0.2%
    keywords: co2; emissions; energy; gases; geothermal; h2s; plants; power; process
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        item: #6229 of 7527
          id: cet-4520
      author: sara
       title: Format And Type Fonts
        date: 2015-08-16
       words: 2131
      flesch: 54
     summary: Step 1, similar to ESCA methodology, data is collected, however in this case, additional data which include existing power plants capacity, soon to be shut down power plant, system configuration, and new energy demand profile (future energy demand) is required. Case study The Case Study presented in this paper begins with three power plants: Two coal fired power plant of 375 MW and 500 MW, and a natural gas (NG) power plant with capacity of 375 MW, supplying power to meet energy demands as shown in Figure 2.
    keywords: capacity; demand; energy; plant; power
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        item: #6230 of 7527
          id: cet-4521
      author: sara
       title: Format And Type Fonts
        date: 2015-08-16
       words: 3097
      flesch: 54
     summary: As a result, sulphur compounds are present in the products of waste tyre pyrolysis. The purpose of this work was therefore to investigate the potential of Al-MCM-48 catalyst in waste tyre pyrolysis in terms of the quality and quantity in tyre-derived oil.
    keywords: aromatics; catalyst; compounds; mcm-48; oil; pyrolysis; sulphur; tyre; waste
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        item: #6231 of 7527
          id: cet-4522
      author: sara
       title: Format And Type Fonts
        date: 2015-08-16
       words: 2621
      flesch: 50
     summary: These results can confirm the characteristics of gamma phase of the alumina, and are the basic evidence supporting the chemical state of cobalt oxide catalyst. Liu C., Li J., Zhang Y., Chen S., Zhu J., Liew K., 2012, Fischer–Tropsch synthesis over cobalt catalysts supported on nanostructured alumina with various morphologies, Journal of Molecular Catalysis A: Chemical, 363–364, 335-342.
    keywords: alumina; bio; catalyst; co3o4; cobalt; dehydration; ethanol; oxide
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        item: #6232 of 7527
          id: cet-4523
      author: sara
       title: Format And Type Fonts
        date: 2015-08-16
       words: 3665
      flesch: 36
     summary: Tsai M.T., Chuang L.M., Chao S.T., Chang H.P., 2012, The effects assessment of firm environmental strategy and customer environmental conscious on green product development, Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 184(7), 4435-4447. The issue of sustainability is even more acute when facing new product development (NPD) uncertainties and market competition pressuring for short time-to-market, reliability, and conformance quality at low cost.
    keywords: development; et al; journal; management; npd; papers; product; pujari; research; sustainability
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        item: #6233 of 7527
          id: cet-4524
      author: sara
       title: Format And Type Fonts
        date: 2015-10-08
       words: 3072
      flesch: 46
     summary: However, this scenario is changing as the freshwater price, wastewater penalty to achieve the discharge standard, wastewater treatment cost and land price are increasing. As freshwater tariff, wastewater treatment cost and land price varies from time to time, the OTWN model is able to adequately produce a dynamic cost profile and to predict the effect of total cost should any of the factors such as freshwater tariff or land cost rise.
    keywords: cost; design; freshwater; land; model; network; primary; treatment; unit; wastewater
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        item: #6234 of 7527
          id: cet-4525
      author: sara
       title: Format And Type Fonts
        date: 2015-08-16
       words: 3777
      flesch: 48
     summary: Simulation results referring to overall CH4 utilization for a number of different reactor lengths for 900 cm 3 /min and 800 cm 3 /min of pure H2 production flow rate are shown in Figure 4(b). Kyriakides A.-S., Rodriguez-Garcia L., Voutetakis S., Ipsakis D., Seferlis P., Papadopoulou S., 2014, Enhancement of pure hydrogen production through the use of membrane reactor, International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 39(9), 4749-4760.
    keywords: ch4; flow; gas; membrane; production; reaction; reactor; steam; sweep
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        item: #6235 of 7527
          id: cet-4526
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 0351_CET45_119.docx
        date: 2016-01-18
       words: 2843
      flesch: 40
     summary: In summary, the objective of the present contribution was to analyze the effect of environmentally benign IL-assisted pretreatment of lignocellulosic OPF fiber on the mechanical properties of biocomposite board fabricated by compression moulding technique with biopolymer thermoplastic starch as binder. The study demonstrates the feasibility of using highly effective and clean IL-assisted pretreatment technology of lignocellulosic fiber for fabrication thermo-moulded biocomposite panels.
    keywords: biomass; board; composite; fiber; lignocellulosic; opf; pretreatment; properties
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        item: #6236 of 7527
          id: cet-4527
      author: sara
       title: Format And Type Fonts
        date: 2015-08-16
       words: 3192
      flesch: 51
     summary: From this premise, this study aims to identify the impact of pro-social status in the dimensions of environmentally conscious consumer behaviour (concern, willingness, information, and behaviour). This study is divided into four stages: the literature review on conscious consumption, the environmentally conscious consumer behaviour, the perception of pro-social status, and the presentation of the theoretical model elaborated by Zabkar and Hosta (2013) used in this research.
    keywords: analysis; behaviour; perception; status; table; variables; willingness; zabkar
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        item: #6237 of 7527
          id: cet-4528
      author: sara
       title: Format And Type Fonts
        date: 2015-08-16
       words: 3450
      flesch: 47
     summary: 725 Table 2: Specific surface area of catalysts Catalysts SBET, m 2 /g 20 % Al2O3 – 80 % HZSM-5 308.6 3 % Cu/20 % Al2O3 – 80 % HZSM-5 281.5 3 % CuCe/20 % Al2O3 – 80 % HZSM-5 282.1 By infrared spectroscopy of ammonia adsorption were studied acidic characteristics of 20 % Al2O3-80 % HZSM-5 (Si/Al = 40). 3 % Cu/20 % Al2O3-80 % H-ZSM-5 catalyst was prepared by capillary impregnating the carrier by moisture capacity of an aqueous solution of copper nitrate.
    keywords: al2o3; catalyst; conversion; ethanol; ethylene; hzsm-5; reaction; space
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        item: #6238 of 7527
          id: cet-4529
      author: sara
       title: Format And Type Fonts
        date: 2015-08-16
       words: 3921
      flesch: 34
     summary: Companies are turning their management to environmental sustainability in order to collaborate with the social environment. Future generations, need to take care of the economy to have other sustainable gains, such as environmental sustainability.
    keywords: environment; health; hospitals; management; organizations; planning; society; strategic; sustainability
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        item: #6239 of 7527
          id: cet-453
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-453
        date: 2018-07-19
       words: 4230
      flesch: 54
     summary: Kang L., Liu Y., 2014b, Target-oriented methodology on matching heat transfer areas for a multi-period heat exchanger network retrofit, Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Research, 53, 17753–17769. Kang L., Liu Y., 2015, Minimizing investment cost for multi-period heat exchanger network retrofit by matching heat transfer areas with different strategies, Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering, 23, 1153–1160. Kang L., Liu Y., 2017, A systematic strategy for multi-period heat exchanger network retrofit under multiple practical restrictions, Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering, 25, 1043–1051. This has the benefit of giving multi-period retrofit networks that have fewer reassigned matches or fewer matches changing location.
    keywords: heat; multi; network; period; superstructure; ° c
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        item: #6240 of 7527
          id: cet-4530
      author: sara
       title: Format And Type Fonts
        date: 2015-10-08
       words: 3071
      flesch: 54
     summary: We want to estimate waste treatment costs for the producers. (a) (b) Figure 6: (a) Average waste treatment cost, (b) standard deviation of waste treatment cost So far we have shown benefits for municipalities only.
    keywords: flow; municipality; network; problem; producers; treatment; waste
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        item: #6241 of 7527
          id: cet-4531
      author: sara
       title: Format And Type Fonts
        date: 2015-08-16
       words: 3097
      flesch: 50
     summary: Increased use of limes stone due to increased recycling material also has a penalty on material costs as well as energy carriers. This can be explained by the fact that recycled material with high iron content replaces iron ore pellets with a higher iron ore content.
    keywords: bof; case; energy; material; plant; recycling; slag; sludge; steel
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        item: #6242 of 7527
          id: cet-4532
      author: sara
       title: Format And Type Fonts
        date: 2015-08-16
       words: 4095
      flesch: 38
     summary: Further, NGOs also play a vital role in anticipating public’s negative view towards government initiative in river restorations and to obtain funding and support from corporations. As a result, data derived shown the key factor underlying the cause of river pollution is human factor with low awareness, information and knowledge leading to the lack of sensitivity in river restoration participants and programmes.
    keywords: approach; education; environment; information; japan; malaysia; pollution; public; restoration; river; river restoration; water
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        item: #6243 of 7527
          id: cet-4533
      author: sara
       title: Format And Type Fonts
        date: 2015-08-16
       words: 4066
      flesch: 47
     summary: Busto Y., Cabrera X., Tack F.M.G., Verloo M.G., 2011, Potential of thermal treatment for decontamination of mercury containing wastes from chlor-alkali industry. The main objective of this study is to propose a technological design of the thermal treatment (retorting) to treat mercury contaminated waste generated by the chlor-alkali Cuban plant.
    keywords: alternative; furnace; mercury; pilot; plant; process; scale; treatment; waste
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        item: #6244 of 7527
          id: cet-4534
      author: sara
       title: Format And Type Fonts
        date: 2015-08-16
       words: 2986
      flesch: 37
     summary: The main Journals publishing on hospital waste management research worldwide are depicted in Table 2. This paper is an exploratory synthesis on research topics related to hospital management waste, as featured in 285 studies indexed on MEDLINE.
    keywords: disposal; health; hospital; management; medical; research; studies; table; waste
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        item: #6245 of 7527
          id: cet-4535
      author: sara
       title: Format And Type Fonts
        date: 2015-08-16
       words: 3426
      flesch: 48
     summary: The aim is then to design a comprehensive, predictive tool to estimate waste production LHV at several levels of territorial arrangement. The wait-and-see optimization model is used to obtain point estimates of desired parameters that can be used for waste production and LHV forecasts.
    keywords: data; lhv; management; model; production; rsw; value; waste
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        item: #6246 of 7527
          id: cet-4536
      author: sara
       title: Format And Type Fonts
        date: 2015-08-16
       words: 3687
      flesch: 36
     summary: Francheti (2012) built a model to better understand the generation of solid waste US companies and government agencies. 5. Conclusions The study showed that adoption of waste management practices can contribute to the environment as well as for a competitively management of organizations, by costs savings.
    keywords: companies; company; energy; environment; management; paper; practices; results; sustainability; waste
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        item: #6247 of 7527
          id: cet-4537
      author: sara
       title: Format And Type Fonts
        date: 2015-08-16
       words: 3912
      flesch: 49
     summary: On the other hand, the impregnation of HZSM-5 catalyst with nickel strongly increases the production of mono-aromatics, whereas the yields of olefins, naphthenes and poly-aromatics decrease. As a result in Figure 2(c), HZSM-5 catalyst clearly enhances the yields of ethylbenzene and toluene, whereas yields of styrene, cumene and limonene significantly decrease.
    keywords: aromatics; catalyst; hzsm-5; nickel; oil; sulphur; tyre; waste; zeolite
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        item: #6248 of 7527
          id: cet-4538
      author: sara
       title: Format And Type Fonts
        date: 2015-08-16
       words: 2419
      flesch: 48
     summary: Laminar flame speed is a key parameter to be taken into account during designing equipment for the gas utilisation. a) b) Figure 2: Laminar flame speed as a function of air ratio The laminar flame speed of analysed syngases reaches its maximum at fuel rich condition.
    keywords: combustion; flame; gas; gasification; hydrogen; laminar; speed; syngas
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        item: #6249 of 7527
          id: cet-4539
      author: sara
       title: Format And Type Fonts
        date: 2015-08-16
       words: 3928
      flesch: 49
     summary: For the MTObioON case, export of superheated HP steam to the cracker’s steam network was prioritised to minimise import of natural gas fuel for steam production, and the remaining excess heat was used for electricity production. Arvidsson M., Johansson E., Pettersson L., Morandin M., Harvey S., 2015, Integration of biomass gasification-based olefins production in a steam cracker plant – Consequences for steam balances, In proceedings of the 23rd European Biomass Conference and Exhibition, ICV 4.18, Vienna, Austria.
    keywords: biomass; case; cracker; gas; methanol; process; production; site; steam
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        item: #6250 of 7527
          id: cet-454
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-454
        date: 2018-07-19
       words: 3323
      flesch: 44
     summary: Since Malaysia receives an abundance amount of solar radiation throughout the year, generating thermal energy from solar thermal energy system is highly attractive. Generating thermal energy from solar thermal energy system in Malaysia is highly attractive.
    keywords: collector; energy; heat; malaysia; process; storage; study; system; temperature; thermal
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        item: #6251 of 7527
          id: cet-4540
      author: sara
       title: Format And Type Fonts
        date: 2015-08-16
       words: 2673
      flesch: 45
     summary: A publication of The Italian Association of Chemical Engineering www.aidic.it/cet Guest Editors: Petar Sabev Varbanov, Jiří Jaromír Klemeš, Sharifah Rafidah Wan Alwi, Jun Yow Yong, Xia Liu Copyright © 2015, AIDIC Servizi S.r.l., ISBN 978-88-95608-36-5; ISSN 2283-9216 DOI: 10.3303/CET1545133 Please cite this article as: Pendyala R., Wong Y.S., Ilyas S.U., 2015, Cfd simulations of natural convection heat transfer in enclosures with varying aspect ratios, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 45, 793-798 DOI:10.3303/CET1545133 793 CFD Simulations of Natural Convection Heat Transfer in Enclosures with Varying Aspect Ratios Rajashekhar Pendyala* ,a , Yean Sang Wong b , Suhaib Umer Ilyas a a Chemical Engineering Department, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, 32610 Bandar Seri Iskandar, Perak Darul Ridzuan, Malaysia b Plexus, Penang-Riverside, Plot 87, Lebuhraya Kampung Jawa, 11900 Bayan Lepas, Penang, Malaysia rajashekhar_p@petronas.com.my Buoyancy driven natural convection in enclosures has wide range of engineering applications in heat transfer processes. Natural convection heat transfer and fluid flow in enclosures is getting more attention in the recent years due to wide range of engineering applications involving energy conservation, cooling system for electronic devices, non-Newtonian chemical processes, solar energy collector and double pane windows (Ganguli et al., 2007).
    keywords: aspect; enclosures; fluid; heat; transfer
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        item: #6252 of 7527
          id: cet-4541
      author: sara
       title: Format And Type Fonts
        date: 2015-08-16
       words: 3347
      flesch: 50
     summary: Figure 1: Surface enhancement structure of the 1EHT tube The 1EHT enhanced heat transfer tube developed by Vipertex, is a novel kind of tube that was developed by modifying surface geometries (i.e. creating a modified surface that is a combination of larger dimples and smaller petals) which can enhance the heat transfer coefficient on both the inside and outside surface of the tube; its details are shown in Figure 1. The 1EHT enhanced heat transfer tube is neither a classic ‘‘integral roughness’’ (little surface area increase) tube, nor an internally finned tube (surface area increase with no flow separation).
    keywords: 1eht; evaporation; flow; heat; mass; pressure; transfer; tube
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        item: #6253 of 7527
          id: cet-4542
      author: sara
       title: Format And Type Fonts
        date: 2015-08-16
       words: 3879
      flesch: 44
     summary: Proposed approach In this work we propose a systematic approach to select solvent mixtures from a large pool of candidates that offer high performance simultaneously in many property criteria associated with effective chemical absorption of CO2 and solvent regeneration. The problem is approached in several decision making stages, where solvent mixtures are evaluated based on the simultaneous consideration of important mixture properties selected to capture the molecular physical and chemical effects on the absorption/desorption process.
    keywords: capture; co2; index; m13; mixtures; performance; properties; selection; solvent
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        item: #6254 of 7527
          id: cet-4543
      author: sara
       title: Format And Type Fonts
        date: 2015-08-16
       words: 3814
      flesch: 65
     summary: In this paper, the thermo-economic comparisons between SRC and ORC based CSP plants are presented. For heat exchanger and regenerator = 10 °C; For condenser = 5 °C For regenerator = 10 °C; For condenser = 5 °C Isentropic efficiency of pump 0.6 0.6 Table 3: Data used for the analysis of SRC and ORC based CSP plants Input Parameter SRC ORC Power block cost (β0/PD) 900 $/kW n-Pentane:1,800 $/kW; OMTS: 2,300 $/kW Isentropic efficiency of the turbine at design (ηis,D) Superheated turbine: 0.65; Saturated turbine: 0.45 0.77 Turn down ratio of turbine (Pmin/Pmax) 0.2 0.1 Willans’ line equation: Turbine power output (P) = a + b∙m a = -y∙PD; y = 0.2;
    keywords: csp; cycle; orc; organic; plant; power; selection; src; turbine
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        item: #6255 of 7527
          id: cet-4544
      author: sara
       title: Format And Type Fonts
        date: 2015-08-16
       words: 4107
      flesch: 52
     summary: Figure 2: Comparison of turbulence models prediction for (a) ux* and (b) temperature; and (c) effect of gradient methods on temperature prediction. To our best knowledge, SAS model has never been employed to study the 818 reactive flow in PCL previously; hence this is the aim of this work.
    keywords: combustion; flow; heat; model; pcl; prediction; sas; temperature; turbulence
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        item: #6256 of 7527
          id: cet-4545
      author: sara
       title: Format And Type Fonts
        date: 2015-10-08
       words: 2989
      flesch: 56
     summary: While such formulations are of great relevance, the selection of one type of power plant over another is a complex decision which requires satisfying multiple requirements ranging from cost to social acceptability. In addition to carbon dioxide, power plants emit a large number of other gases which are harmful to the environment.
    keywords: cost; emission; energy; factor; objective; plants; power
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        item: #6257 of 7527
          id: cet-4546
      author: Tan Jully
       title: cet-4546
        date: 2015-08-16
       words: 2804
      flesch: 42
     summary: In this work, we propose a systematic and simple methodology in the multi-criteria evaluation of alternatives for the harvesting and drying process. Cost, environmental impacts and technology capability are used as the criteria in selecting of optimum option for harvesting and drying processes.
    keywords: ahp; alternatives; criteria; drying; engineering; harvesting; microalgae; pairwise; process
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        item: #6258 of 7527
          id: cet-4547
      author: sara
       title: Format And Type Fonts
        date: 2015-08-16
       words: 2379
      flesch: 61
     summary: This works is aimed at developing mathematical models for optimization on scheduling for cleaning heat exchangers in heat exchanger networks and its application in the chemical industry in general. Therefore, how to schedule the cleaning for heat exchangers in an industrial complex becomes more important.
    keywords: cleaning; cost; exchanger; fouling; heat; scheduling
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        item: #6259 of 7527
          id: cet-4548
      author: sara
       title: Format And Type Fonts
        date: 2015-08-16
       words: 3341
      flesch: 57
     summary: SMA springs possess memory of their shapes at certain temperatures, and therefore, by controlling the temperature of the spring, it is possible to exert different forces. It was observed that SMA springs are promising as a replacement to the actuation mechanism driven by a motor.
    keywords: aperture; bias; figure; mechanism; opening; reactor; sma; spring; temperature
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        item: #6260 of 7527
          id: cet-4549
      author: sara
       title: Format And Type Fonts
        date: 2015-08-16
       words: 3103
      flesch: 46
     summary: The aim of this paper is to provide an overview on the developments in LCI methods towards sustainable green manufacturing practice, their strengths and limitations and applicability of LCI into different methods currently in practice under green manufacturing. Some recent contributions of the practitioners’ are given in Table 1: Table 1: Recent contribution of LCI methods Reference Contribution Comments Munksgaard et al.
    keywords: analysis; assessment; cycle; hybrid; lci; life; manufacturing; methods; output; process
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        item: #6261 of 7527
          id: cet-455
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-455
        date: 2018-07-19
       words: 3524
      flesch: 39
     summary: In this way heat pump dryer (HPD) is designed focusing on capacity, efficiency, sustainability and operation with environmentally friendly fluids. Conventional dryer’s limitations on low quality product, environment, energy and high cost can be solved by applying heat pump dryers that now are a ready-to-use technology.
    keywords: dryer; energy; fluids; heat; pressure; pump; technology; vapor
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        item: #6262 of 7527
          id: cet-4550
      author: sara
       title: Format And Type Fonts
        date: 2015-08-16
       words: 2293
      flesch: 57
     summary: A publication of The Italian Association of Chemical Engineering www.aidic.it/cet Guest Editors: Petar Sabev Varbanov, Jiří Jaromír Klemeš, Sharifah Rafidah Wan Alwi, Jun Yow Yong, Xia Liu Copyright © 2015, AIDIC Servizi S.r.l., ISBN 978-88-95608-36-5; ISSN 2283-9216 DOI: 10.3303/CET1545143 Please cite this article as: Kim S., Ko D., Moon I., 2015, Dynamic optimization of ch4/co2 separating operation using pressure swing adsorption process with feed composition varies, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 45, 853-858 DOI:10.3303/CET1545143 853 Dynamic Optimisation of CH4/CO2 Separating Operation using Pressure Swing Adsorption Process with Feed Composition Varies Seungnam Kim a , Daeho Ko b , Il Moon* ,a a Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Yonsei University 262 Seongsanno, Seodaemun-ku, Seoul 120-749, Korea b GS E&C, Gran Seoul 33, Jongro, Jongnogu, Seoul, 110-714, Korea ilmoon@yonsei.ac.kr Pressure Swing Adsorption (PSA) is widely used process for gas separation. Table 3: Optimisation results on various methane feed compositions CH4 feed composition PR steptime AD steptime DP steptime RG steptime P/F ratio CH4 recovery (%) (s) (s) (s) (s) (%) (%) 50 40 122.889 40 122.889 0.117332 0.681348 55 40 130.680 40 130.680 0.125143 0.691041 60 40 137.980 40 137.980 0.132090 0.701349
    keywords: adsorption; feed; gas; methane; pressure; process; step
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        item: #6263 of 7527
          id: cet-4551
      author: sara
       title: Format And Type Fonts
        date: 2015-10-08
       words: 3594
      flesch: 56
     summary: The full space MINLP problem is decomposed into an integrated planning and scheduling problem with flexible recipes and a set of dynamic optimisation problems. A publication of The Italian Association of Chemical Engineering www.aidic.it/cet Guest Editors: Petar Sabev Varbanov, Jiří Jaromír Klemeš, Sharifah Rafidah Wan Alwi, Jun Yow Yong, Xia Liu Copyright © 2015, AIDIC Servizi S.r.l., ISBN 978-88-95608-36-5; ISSN 2283-9216 DOI: 10.3303/CET1545144 Please cite this article as: Shi H., You F., 2015, Robust optimisation for integrated planning, scheduling and dynamic optimisation of continuous processes under uncertainty, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 45, 859-864 DOI:10.3303/CET1545144 859 Robust Optimisation for Integrated Planning, Scheduling and Dynamic Optimisation of Continuous Processes under Uncertainty Hanyu Shi, Fengqi You* Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL 60208, USA you@northwestern.edu In this work, a robust optimisation approach has been developed to handle the uncertainty in integrated planning, scheduling and dynamic optimisation for continuous manufacturing processes.
    keywords: model; optimisation; planning; problem; production; scheduling; transition
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        item: #6264 of 7527
          id: cet-4552
      author: sara
       title: Format And Type Fonts
        date: 2015-08-16
       words: 3712
      flesch: 44
     summary: A publication of The Italian Association of Chemical Engineering www.aidic.it/cet Guest Editors: Petar Sabev Varbanov, Jiří Jaromír Klemeš, Sharifah Rafidah Wan Alwi, Jun Yow Yong, Xia Liu Copyright © 2015, AIDIC Servizi S.r.l., ISBN 978-88-95608-36-5; ISSN 2283-9216 DOI: 10.3303/CET1545145 Please cite this article as: Schimith C.D., Scavarda A., Bittencourt S., Santos M.B., Vaccaro G.L.R., Gabbi A., Weise A.D., 2015, The system dynamics use for measurement of the results of technological applications for genetic improvement in milk supply chain, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 45, 865-870 DOI:10.3303/CET1545145 865 The System Dynamics Use for Measurement of the Results of Technological Applications for Genetic Improvement in Milk Supply Chain Cristiano D. Schimith a , Annibal Scavarda* ,b , Sandro Bittencourt a , Marindia B. Santos c , Guilherme L. R. Vaccaro a , Adriana Gabbi c , Andreas D. Weise c a University of the Sinos Valley, São Leopoldo 93022-000, Brazil b Federal University of the State of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 22290-240, Brazil c Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria 97105-900, Brazil annibal.scavarda@unirio.br The Brazilian economy is based on natural resources, classified as an exporter of commodities, with an emphasis on milk production in the last decade, represented by the ranking of having the second largest dairy herd in the world. Based on this context, this research aims to study the link production of milk production chain, in particular the activity of livestock, which, when developed with tools and genetic improvement techniques, provides better financial results to producers.
    keywords: animals; chain; cost; improvement; milk; model; production; property; variable
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        item: #6265 of 7527
          id: cet-4553
      author: sara
       title: Format And Type Fonts
        date: 2015-08-16
       words: 3678
      flesch: 47
     summary: With this model we analyse the effectiveness of various policy measures aiming to reduce GHG emissions in non-ETS sectors. This case is unique and of interest due to the high share – up to 75 % – of GHG emissions from non-ETS sectors in 2012 (LNIR, 2014).
    keywords: emissions; energy; ets; ghg; model; non; policy; sectors; system
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        item: #6266 of 7527
          id: cet-4554
      author: sara
       title: Format And Type Fonts
        date: 2015-08-16
       words: 2632
      flesch: 49
     summary: The increased air flow rate in sintering bed not only accelerates the convective heat transfer from high temperature zone to the downstream unburnt reactive micro pellets but also enhances the cooling effect of hot sinters in the upstream of high temperature zone. Basically, the flowing gas plays dual role of supplying oxidiser (O2) as well as transferring heat through convection in sintering bed.
    keywords: bed; carbon; iron; ore; peak; sintering; temperature
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        item: #6267 of 7527
          id: cet-4555
      author: sara
       title: Format And Type Fonts
        date: 2015-08-16
       words: 3229
      flesch: 27
     summary: References Bandyopadhyay A., Biswasa M.N., 2006, Prediction of the removal efficiency of a novel two-stage hybrid scrubber for flue gas desulfurization, Chemical Engineering Technology, 29(1), 130145. As a key component in wet flue gas desulfurization, the development and optimization of wet scrubber have received much attention.
    keywords: desulfurization; engineering; equipment; flue; gas; scrubber; so2; venturi
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        item: #6268 of 7527
          id: cet-4556
      author: sara
       title: Format And Type Fonts
        date: 2015-08-16
       words: 2717
      flesch: 52
     summary: With this approach, in order to estimate the circuit element property, the flow property of downer and riser in triple bed circulating fluidized bed were measured experimentally. Mixing is often done in riser, but less in our triple bed circulating fluidized bed system downer.
    keywords: bed; circuit; downer; flow; model; pressure; riser
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        item: #6269 of 7527
          id: cet-4557
      author: sara
       title: Format And Type Fonts
        date: 2015-08-16
       words: 3342
      flesch: 57
     summary: Since the TDO is a complex mixture of a large number of bulky molecules, the estimation of average molecular size is not simple, and has not been accomplished. Figure 2: Molecular size distributions of components Table 2: Average kinetic and maximum diameters of compositions in each group Group of components Average kinetic diameter (Øk,avg ; Å) a,b Average maximum diameter (Øm,avg; Å) b,c Small (< 8 Å) Medium (8-16 Å) Large (>16 Å) SATs 8.1 - 9.8, 15.7 23.4, 34.7 OLEs 7.2 - 8.1, 10.9 21.0 NAPs 6.8 7.8 13.0 - TERs 6.7 - 8.2 - MAHs 6.6, 7.2 6.6 9.0 - DAHs 6.7 7.6 13.5 - PAHs 7.2 - 8.6, 10.4, 14.6 PPAHs 6.5 7.2 13.3 - a Eq(2), b Eq(3), and c Royal society of chemistry, 2015
    keywords: avg; compounds; kinetic; oil; size; tyre
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        item: #6270 of 7527
          id: cet-4558
      author: Jun Yow Yong
       title: cet-4558
        date: 2015-08-16
       words: 3685
      flesch: 48
     summary: Also, solute-membrane interactions might pose additional problems, since organosolv lignins have different functional groups than kraft lignins (El Mansouri and Salvadó, 2007) which could be a part of the explanations for the differences to the rejections of Silva 906 (2012). Tsui E., Cheryan M., 2004, Characteristics of nanofiltration membranes in aqueous ethanol, Journal of Membrane Science, 237, 61—69, DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2004.02.026.
    keywords: concentration; lignin; liquor; membrane; nanofiltration; organosolv; precipitation; process; rejection; simulation
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        item: #6271 of 7527
          id: cet-4559
      author: sara
       title: Format And Type Fonts
        date: 2015-10-08
       words: 2691
      flesch: 42
     summary: Traditionally, esterification reaction was conducted in the presence of mineral acids such as H2SO4, H3PO4 or HCl (Bart et al. 1994) but homogeneous acid catalysts are unrecycleable and always costly in its operation. However, homogeneous acid catalyst especially sulphuric acid have some serious drawback which harmful to the reaction equipment and environment (Lee et al.2010).
    keywords: acid; catalyst; h3pw12o40; levulinate; levulinic; reaction; zro2
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        item: #6272 of 7527
          id: cet-456
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-456
        date: 2018-07-19
       words: 3057
      flesch: 53
     summary: Literature review shows that researchers most often focus on nozzle parameters. M = 1.7) and transient airflow through two types of nozzles:
    keywords: baffle; energy; flow; heat; inlet; nozzle; pressure; time
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        item: #6273 of 7527
          id: cet-4560
      author: sara
       title: Format And Type Fonts
        date: 2015-10-08
       words: 2993
      flesch: 43
     summary: Present study explores this approach and aims at outlining the concept of reducing air quality local impact of a particular process via a dynamic optimization and control of the process itself. A publication of The Italian Association of Chemical Engineering www.aidic.it/cet Guest Editors: Petar Sabev Varbanov, Jiří Jaromír Klemeš, Sharifah Rafidah Wan Alwi, Jun Yow Yong, Xia Liu Copyright © 2015, AIDIC Servizi S.r.l., ISBN 978-88-95608-36-5; ISSN 2283-9216 DOI: 10.3303/CET1545153 Please cite this article as: Kakosimos K.E., 2015, A conceptual approach on downwind optimization of processes for air pollution control, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 45, 913-918 DOI:10.3303/CET1545153 913 A Conceptual Approach on Downwind Optimization of Processes for Air Pollution Control Konstantinos E. Kakosimos* Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas A & M University at Qatar, PO Box 23874, Education City, Doha, Qatar k.kakosimos@qatar.tamu.edu Control of air pollutant emissions is a mean to protect air quality.
    keywords: air; calpuff; control; dispersion; model; odour; optimization; pollution; process
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        item: #6274 of 7527
          id: cet-4561
      author: sara
       title: Format And Type Fonts
        date: 2015-08-16
       words: 2767
      flesch: 40
     summary: Several researchers has worked on devolatilization process kinetics and mechanism and their works have provided many techniques for accurately predicting the devolatilization kinetic parameters (activation energies and pre-exponential factors) from non-isothermal thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) data using either “model free” or “model fitting” techniques (Sanchirico, 2014). About 5-9 mg of I. cylindrica was placed in an aluminum crucible and heated from 30-1,000 °C at heating rates of 5, 10, 15 and 20 K/min in the Netzsch 209 F3 thermogravimetric (TG) analyser.
    keywords: cylindrica; data; devolatilization; fit; kinetic; model; pseudocomponents; pyrolysis
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        item: #6275 of 7527
          id: cet-4562
      author: sara
       title: Format And Type Fonts
        date: 2015-08-16
       words: 3353
      flesch: 45
     summary: However, in the present work, the case is modelled and simulated using process simulators. However, ED might not be as accurate, precise and extensive as mathematical model based optimization since the latter accounts for process phenomenon through mass, equilibrium, summation and enthalpy (MESH) equations.
    keywords: analysis; column; control; design; dwc; model; optimization; process; variables
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        item: #6276 of 7527
          id: cet-4563
      author: sara
       title: Format And Type Fonts
        date: 2015-08-16
       words: 3885
      flesch: 46
     summary: 2.4 Acid value test The initial free fatty acids content of Ceiba Pentandra seed oil was 6.996 %. In this research, acid value test for Ceiba Pentandra seed oil was carried out to determine the amount of acid reduction through titration based on AOCS official method (Cd, 3d-63), as shown in equation (2) and equation (3).
    keywords: acid; biodiesel; catalyst; ceiba; esterification; ffa; methanol; microwave; oil; pentandra; reaction
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        item: #6277 of 7527
          id: cet-4564
      author: sara
       title: Format And Type Fonts
        date: 2015-08-16
       words: 2341
      flesch: 54
     summary: In this work, the production of cellulose nanofibers from recycled cellulose pulp using ultrasound technology was studied. The properties of the paper sheet formed with different percentages of cellulose fibers and nanofibers were determined.
    keywords: cellulose; cnf; nanofibers; paper; properties; pulp; sheet
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        item: #6278 of 7527
          id: cet-4565
      author: sara
       title: Format And Type Fonts
        date: 2015-08-16
       words: 3350
      flesch: 54
     summary: The coupling effect of %compression and flow rate of electrolyte solution was also analyzed. The suitable selection of % compression lowers the resistance, but increases the voltage efficiency.
    keywords: cell; compression; electrode; electrolyte; flow; resistance; soc
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        item: #6279 of 7527
          id: cet-4566
      author: sara
       title: Format And Type Fonts
        date: 2015-08-16
       words: 3060
      flesch: 61
     summary: The discrepancy can be explained by different experimental conditions: wastewater properties, type of heat transfer surface, flow velocity, etc. It was found that these heat exchangers have high thermal performance (overall heat transfer coefficient up to 2,020 W/m 2 K) and can transfer significant amounts of heat (up to 6.5 kW) when in clean conditions.
    keywords: day; experiment; fouling; heat; transfer; wastewater
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        item: #6280 of 7527
          id: cet-4567
      author: sara
       title: Format And Type Fonts
        date: 2015-09-17
       words: 3129
      flesch: 56
     summary: A publication of The Italian Association of Chemical Engineering www.aidic.it/cet Guest Editors: Petar Sabev Varbanov, Jiří Jaromír Klemeš, Sharifah Rafidah Wan Alwi, Jun Yow Yong, Xia Liu Copyright © 2015, AIDIC Servizi S.r.l., ISBN 978-88-95608-36-5; ISSN 2283-9216 DOI: 10.3303/CET1545160 Please cite this article as: Marneni N., Ashraf M., 2015, Mixed convection flow over a permeable stretching wedge in the presence of heat generation/absorption, viscous dissipation, radiation and ohmic heating, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 45, 955-960 DOI:10.3303/CET1545160 955 Mixed Convection Flow over a Permeable Stretching Wedge in the Presence of Heat Generation/Absorption, Viscous Dissipation, Radiation and Ohmic Heating Narahari Marneni*,a, Mehwish Ashrafb aPetroleum Engineering Department, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, 32610 Bandar Seri Iskandar, Perak, Malaysia. The analysis of magnetohydrodynamic mixed convection boundary layer flow over a permeable stretching wedge in the presence of heat generation, viscous dissipation, thermal radiation and ohmic heating has been presented.
    keywords: absorption; flow; heat; parameter; radiation; velocity; wedge
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        item: #6281 of 7527
          id: cet-4568
      author: sara
       title: Format And Type Fonts
        date: 2015-08-16
       words: 3287
      flesch: 52
     summary: 3.4 Effect of adsorbent dosage Figure 4 shows the removal trend of Pb(II) at equilibrium using various PP adsorbent dosage. The papaya fruit received great attention in heavy metal adsorption studies from the various research teams in those countries i.e. Malaysia that have the large papaya cultivation and its agricultural by-products can be employed as potential environmental friendly low-cost adsorbent.
    keywords: adsorbent; adsorption; ions; metal; papaya; pb(ii; removal; solution; surface
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        item: #6282 of 7527
          id: cet-4569
      author: sara
       title: Format And Type Fonts
        date: 2015-08-16
       words: 4248
      flesch: 50
     summary: 3.2 Effects of different concentration of crude glycerol on microalgal growth and lipid accumulation Six different concentrations of crude glycerol were investigated in Medium 1 and Medium 2 to determine the effect of crude glycerol concentration on microalgal growth and lipid accumulation. A publication of The Italian Association of Chemical Engineering www.aidic.it/cet Guest Editors: Petar Sabev Varbanov, Jiří Jaromír Klemeš, Sharifah Rafidah Wan Alwi, Jun Yow Yong, Xia Liu Copyright © 2015, AIDIC Servizi S.r.l., ISBN 978-88-95608-36-5; ISSN 2283-9216 DOI: 10.3303/CET1545162 Please cite this article as: Lung Y.-T., Tan C.H., Show P.L., Lam H.L., Lan J.C.W., 2015, Docosahexaenoic acid production from crude glycerol by schizochytrium limacinum sr21, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 45, 967-972 DOI:10.3303/CET1545162 967 Docosahexaenoic Acid Production from Crude Glycerol by Schizochytrium Limacinum SR21 Yun-Tsun Lung a , Chung Hong Tan b , Pau Loke Show b,c* , Hon Loong Lam b , John Chi-Wei Lan a a Biorefinery & Bioprocess Engineering Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering and Material Science, Yuan Ze University, No. 135
    keywords: biomass; concentration; crude; cultivation; dha; glycerol; growth; heterotrophic; lipid; medium
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        item: #6283 of 7527
          id: cet-457
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-457
        date: 2018-07-19
       words: 3723
      flesch: 42
     summary: An amount of 2 g of catalyst samples (in powder, pelletized to 180-355 µm grains) was placed in the middle of the tubular reactor, and hold through 2 quartz-wool flakes. In order to investigate the effect of nickel load on CO2 methanation reaction, different powder samples were prepared by wet impregnation method by selecting a CeO2-ZrO2 solid solution (provided by Rhodia) as support, and varying Ni loading from 3 wt% to 13 wt%.
    keywords: catalyst; ceo2; ceria; co2; loading; nickel; reaction; sample; temperature
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        item: #6284 of 7527
          id: cet-4570
      author: sara
       title: Format And Type Fonts
        date: 2015-08-16
       words: 3181
      flesch: 49
     summary: A publication of The Italian Association of Chemical Engineering www.aidic.it/cet Guest Editors: Petar Sabev Varbanov, Jiří Jaromír Klemeš, Sharifah Rafidah Wan Alwi, Jun Yow Yong, Xia Liu Copyright © 2015, AIDIC Servizi S.r.l., ISBN 978-88-95608-36-5; ISSN 2283-9216 DOI: 10.3303/CET1545163 Please cite this article as: Kaimbi L.A., Chirwa E.M.N., 2015, Kinetics of cr(vi) reduction and remobilisation in an aquifer permeable reactive barrier: microcosm simulation, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 45, 973-978 DOI:10.3303/CET1545163 973 Kinetics of Cr(VI) Reduction and Remobilisation in an Aquifer Permeable Reactive Barrier: Microcosm Simulation Lapaka A. Kaimbi, Evans M. N. Chirwa* Water Utilisation and Environmental Engineering Division, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002 evans.chirwa@up.ac.za Chromium is found in the environment mainly as hexavalent chromium, Cr(VI), and the trivalent form, Cr(III).
    keywords: acid; barrier; chromium; concentration; cr(iii; cr(vi; reduction; species; washing; water; zone
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        item: #6285 of 7527
          id: cet-4571
      author: sara
       title: Format And Type Fonts
        date: 2015-08-16
       words: 2615
      flesch: 52
     summary: Eq(7) can be simplified by using relation of mass flux (with symmetry of numerical model taken into account) which is as follows: (8) Averaged value of specific enthalpy is a sum of internal energy, pressure energy, kinetic, and potential one. Hence: (9) Potential energy zg can be neglected because of its almost infinitesimal influence on the total value of energy flux.
    keywords: accumulator; air; energy; gas; pressure; pulsator; vessel
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        item: #6286 of 7527
          id: cet-4572
      author: sara
       title: Format And Type Fonts
        date: 2015-08-16
       words: 2694
      flesch: 46
     summary: A publication of The Italian Association of Chemical Engineering www.aidic.it/cet Guest Editors: Petar Sabev Varbanov, Jiří Jaromír Klemeš, Sharifah Rafidah Wan Alwi, Jun Yow Yong, Xia Liu Copyright © 2015, AIDIC Servizi S.r.l., ISBN 978-88-95608-36-5; ISSN 2283-9216 DOI: 10.3303/CET1545165 Please cite this article as: Wernik J., Wolosz K.J., 2015, Study of heat transfer in fins of pneumatic pulsator using thermal imaging, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 45, 985-990 DOI:10.3303/CET1545165 985 Study of Heat Transfer in Fins of Pneumatic Pulsator Using Thermal Imaging Jacek Wernik, Krzysztof J. Wolosz* Department of Process Equipment, Warsaw University of Technology, Plock Branch, Al. It was assumed that the subject of the test in area of heat transfer in pneumatic pulsator is ducts of changeable diameter and changeable direction of airflow.
    keywords: distribution; head; heat; pulsator; surface; temperature; transfer
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        item: #6287 of 7527
          id: cet-4573
      author: sara
       title: Format And Type Fonts
        date: 2015-09-22
       words: 3436
      flesch: 57
     summary: The most important part of analysing nanofluid heat transfer enhancement is to find how much different correlations led to increase in heat transfer coefficient when compared to water. Rather it increases heat transfer by changing the surface geometry or by adding some additives to the fluid (Huminic and Huminic, 2012).
    keywords: coefficient; heat; hot; hrl; increase; nanofluid; recovery; transfer; walmsley; water
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        item: #6288 of 7527
          id: cet-4574
      author: sara
       title: Format And Type Fonts
        date: 2015-08-16
       words: 3198
      flesch: 62
     summary: Future work The future work will be focused on the optimisation of burner geometry to achieve higher flame stability when the burner is operated with small ratio of primary fuel or high ratio of primary combustion air. The main factors, which contribute to the NOx formation, are the temperature of combustion air, combustion air excess, temperature peaks in the flame zone and long residence time of reactants in high temperature zones.
    keywords: air; burner; combustion; flame; head; nox
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        item: #6289 of 7527
          id: cet-4575
      author: sara
       title: Format And Type Fonts
        date: 2015-08-16
       words: 2772
      flesch: 49
     summary: In this study, a full analysis of the main possible reactions occurring in the reactor of carbon oxides methanation is considered using the Aspen Plus® V8.6. Methanation as catalytic reaction The catalysts being investigated for carbon oxide methanation are generally made up of Group VIII, IX, X and XI transition metals.
    keywords: atm; carbon; cox; methanation; methane; model; reaction; reactor; temperature
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        item: #6290 of 7527
          id: cet-4576
      author: sara
       title: Format And Type Fonts
        date: 2015-08-16
       words: 2746
      flesch: 52
     summary: Figure 6: Dependence of removal efficiencies of the monitored pollutants on the outlet oxygen concentration in dry gas Increase in the input stream oxygen concentration does not contribute to a better combustion of VOC, due to dilution of VOC concentration between catalytic beds and therefore reduction of the stream temperature 1014 that negatively affects conversion of VOC. It is more difficult to achieve VOC concentrations that meets emission limit in this case than CO, so oxygen concentration in the inlet stream of 2.1 vol.
    keywords: catalyst; concentration; flow; gas; oxidation; oxygen; pilot; start; unit; voc
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        item: #6291 of 7527
          id: cet-4577
      author: sara
       title: Format And Type Fonts
        date: 2015-08-16
       words: 3354
      flesch: 52
     summary: Petipas F., 2013b, Design and control of high temperature electolyser systems fed with renewable energies, PhD thesis, MINES ParisTech, Paris, France. Coupling with solar 3.1 Solar power data For coupling of the SOEC system with solar power, the selected site is Marignane (Southern France), since very high irradiation is reported for this region.
    keywords: hydrogen; load; power; soec; system; temperature; unit
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        item: #6292 of 7527
          id: cet-4578
      author: sara
       title: Format And Type Fonts
        date: 2015-10-08
       words: 2925
      flesch: 49
     summary: An example of such properties is laminar flame speed, which plays a crucial role in issues connected with the flame stability, extinction and flashback (Lee et al., 2014). In the combustion community, laminar flame speed is also one of the fundamental 1022 parameters that helps validate chemical kinetic models and aids the design of the combustor.
    keywords: combustion; flame; hydrogen; laminar; mech; ratio; results; speed; waste
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        item: #6293 of 7527
          id: cet-4579
      author: sara
       title: Format And Type Fonts
        date: 2015-08-16
       words: 3345
      flesch: 54
     summary: This result provides guidance for assessment of effervescent spray unsteadiness. This has implications for combustion applications of effervescent spray, where unsteadiness is an undesirable property.
    keywords: droplets; effervescent; interparticle; size; spray; time; unsteadiness
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        item: #6294 of 7527
          id: cet-458
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-458
        date: 2018-07-19
       words: 3274
      flesch: 29
     summary: ASTM A335 P92 steel is widely used in processes that require operating at high temperatures according to Peña et al. Figure 3: Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of ASTM A335 P92 steel (500x) a) Oxidation-water vapor after 200 h of exposure and temperature of 750 °C b) Oxidation-nitridation-water vapor after 200 h of exposure and temperature of 750 °C c) oxidation-carburization-water vapor after 200 h of exposure and temperature of 750 C 3.3 Kinetic study Due to the protective nature of the inner layer observed in Figures 2a, 2b and 2c, the chemical kinetics of the studied environments is controlled by the diffusion of the ions.
    keywords: astm; exposure; nitridation; oxidation; steel; temperature; vapor; water
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        item: #6295 of 7527
          id: cet-4580
      author: sara
       title: Format And Type Fonts
        date: 2015-08-16
       words: 3116
      flesch: 58
     summary: Angeli S.D., Monteleone G., Giaconia A., Lemonidou A., 2013, Low temperature methane steam reforming: Catalytic activity and coke deposition study, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 35, 1201- 1206. Kyriakides A., Rodriguez-Garcia L., Voutetakis S., Ipsakis D., Seferlis P., Papadopoulou S., 2014, Enhancement of pure hydrogen production through the use of membrane reactor, International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 39, 4749-4760.
    keywords: hydrogen; pcl; temperature
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        item: #6296 of 7527
          id: cet-4581
      author: sara
       title: Format And Type Fonts
        date: 2015-08-16
       words: 3125
      flesch: 45
     summary: Greeves G., Khan I.M., Onion G.,, Effects of water introduction on diesel engine combustion and emissions, 16-th Symposium Int. Strategies for reducing diesel engine emissions are diverse and range from fuel reformulations to engine retrofits.
    keywords: astm; b10; combustion; diesel; emissions; emulsions; engine; fuel; load; water
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        item: #6297 of 7527
          id: cet-4582
      author: sara
       title: Format And Type Fonts
        date: 2015-08-16
       words: 2990
      flesch: 52
     summary: 1049 3.3 Effect of SOFC temperature on system efficiencies Effect of SOFC temperatures on system efficiencies is shown in Figure 4. Figure 4 Effect of SOFC temperature on system efficiencies 4.
    keywords: combustion; fuel; power; sofc; stream; system; turbine
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        item: #6298 of 7527
          id: cet-4583
      author: sara
       title: Format And Type Fonts
        date: 2015-10-08
       words: 3470
      flesch: 52
     summary: The deformations of liquid surface were also taken into account by means of a volume-of-fluid (VOF) approach. The concept of mean drag further suggests that the particle residence time on the surface is governed by the tank diameter, as in case of larger tanks particle has to travel greater distance to reach the wall before getting pulled into the liquid.
    keywords: cfd; impeller; liquid; modelling; scale; solids; stirred; surface; tanks
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        item: #6299 of 7527
          id: cet-4584
      author: sara
       title: Format And Type Fonts
        date: 2015-08-16
       words: 5212
      flesch: 54
     summary: The Brazilian guideline for heart transplantation edited by the Brazilian society of cardiology does not include the rules of allocation of patient waiting heart transplantation (Bocchi et al., 2012). References Amarelli C., De Santo L.S., Marra C., Maiello C., Bancone C., Della Corte A., Nappi G., Romano G., 2012, Early graft failure after heart transplant: risk factors and implications for improved donor-recipient matching.
    keywords: brazilian; heart; impact; mortality; patients; population; risk; score; society; study; system; transplantation; variables
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        item: #6300 of 7527
          id: cet-4585
      author: sara
       title: Format And Type Fonts
        date: 2015-08-16
       words: 3445
      flesch: 43
     summary: A publication of The Italian Association of Chemical Engineering www.aidic.it/cet Guest Editors: Petar Sabev Varbanov, Jiří Jaromír Klemeš, Sharifah Rafidah Wan Alwi, Jun Yow Yong, Xia Liu Copyright © 2015, AIDIC Servizi S.r.l., ISBN 978-88-95608-36-5; ISSN 2283-9216 DOI: 10.3303/CET1545178 Please cite this article as: Baizhumanova T.S., Tungatarova S.A., Zheksenbaeva Z.T., Kassymkan K., Zhumabek M., 2015, Synthesis of oxygenates by oxidation of light alkanes on modified catalysts, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 45, 1063- 1068 DOI:10.3303/CET1545178 1063 Synthesis of Oxygenates by Oxidation of Light Alkanes on Modified Catalysts Tolkyn S. Baizhumanova, Svetlana A. Tungatarova*, Zauresh T. Zheksenbaeva, Kaisar Kassymkan, Manapkhan Zhumabek D.V. Sokolsky Institute of Organic Catalysis and Electrochemistry, 142, Kunaev str., Almaty, 050010, Republic of Kazakhstan tungatarova58@mail.ru Supported polyoxide catalysts on the base of Mo and W, as well as natural Kazakhstan’s clays were tested in the process of oxidative conversion of propane and propane-butane mixture. Erofeev V.I., Medvedev A.S., Khomyakov I.S., Erofeeva E.V., 2013, Conversion of gas-condensate straight-run gasolines to high-octane gasolines over zeolite catalysts modified with metal nanopowders, Russian Journal of Applied Chemistry, 86, 979-985.
    keywords: acetone; catalysts; mixture; mocrga; oxidation; oxidative; propane; yield
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        item: #6301 of 7527
          id: cet-4586
      author: sara
       title: Format And Type Fonts
        date: 2015-08-16
       words: 3007
      flesch: 52
     summary: At this high temperature, it was found that the reaction rate increases with the amounts of CO, H2O, and H2 while increasing the CO2 amount results in decrease in CO reaction rate. 1/T (1/K) ln k 8.5E-04 9.0E-04 9.5E-04 1.0E-03 -22 -21.5 -21 -20.5 -20 -19.5 -19 E/R=-22771 1074 Figure 4: Measured reaction rate vs. calculated CO reaction rate for WGSR over 2.5wt%Pt- 2.5wt%Ni/5wt%CeO2/Al2O3 catalyst at 750°C under selected inlet gas compositions.
    keywords: catalyst; rate; reaction; syngas; temperature; wgsr
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        item: #6302 of 7527
          id: cet-4587
      author: sara
       title: Format And Type Fonts
        date: 2015-08-16
       words: 3491
      flesch: 50
     summary: In comparison, the interfacial tension between upper top phases, herb powder phase and methanol phase, is much larger due to the solid phase of herb powders. By changing methanol concentration while maintain salt concentration, the volume ratio between methanol phase and salt phase greatly influenced.
    keywords: andrographolide; atpf; concentration; extraction; methanol; min; phase; time; yield
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        item: #6303 of 7527
          id: cet-4588
      author: sara
       title: Format And Type Fonts
        date: 2015-08-16
       words: 3739
      flesch: 46
     summary: Goodarzi M., 2010, A proposed stack configuration for dry cooling tower to improve cooling efficiency under crosswind, Journal of Wind Engineering & Industrial Aerodynamics, 98(12), 858-863. References Al-Waked R., Behnia M., 2004, The performance of natural draft dry cooling towers under crosswind: CFD study, International Journal Of Energy Research, 28(2), 147-161.
    keywords: cooling; crosswind; enclosure; flow; heat; nddct; performance; tower; windbreaks
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        item: #6304 of 7527
          id: cet-4589
      author: sara
       title: Format And Type Fonts
        date: 2015-08-16
       words: 3882
      flesch: 56
     summary: The wood based sectors of wood processing and pulp and paper processing make up about 30 % of NZ process heat demand. Reducing industrial process heat emissions through improvements in industrial energy efficiency (i.e. heat recovery) and through using renewable energy sources of heat generation is consequently an important part of the NZ strategy for achieving the 2020 emissions target.
    keywords: co2; emissions; energy; heat; process; wood
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        item: #6305 of 7527
          id: cet-459
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-459
        date: 2018-07-19
       words: 2813
      flesch: 39
     summary: A publication of The Italian Association of Chemical Engineering Online at www.aidic.it/cet Guest Editors: Timothy G. Walmsley, Petar S. Varbanov, Rongxin Su, Jiří J. Klemeš Copyright © 2018, AIDIC Servizi S.r.l. ISBN 978-88-95608-67-9; ISSN 2283-9216 Conceptual Process Design and Optimization of Refrigeration Cycles for the Liquefaction of Boil-off Gas Hyunsoo Son, Habin Cho, Miae Gim, Sekwang Yoon, Mun-Gi Jang, Dong-Hun Kwak, Jin-Kuk Kim* Department of Chemical Engineering, Hanyang University, Wangsimni-ro 222, Seongdong-gu, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea jinkukkim@hanyang.ac.kr Improving thermodynamic efficiency for refrigeration cycles is one of the key elements in conceptual process design activities for achieving cost-effective and sustainable production of liquefied natural gas. Various structural and heat recovery options are available for the design of refrigeration cycles, with which shaft power required to drive compressors is attempted to be minimized.
    keywords: boil; cycle; design; gas; liquefaction; optimization; process; refrigeration
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        item: #6306 of 7527
          id: cet-4590
      author: sara
       title: Format And Type Fonts
        date: 2015-08-16
       words: 3065
      flesch: 60
     summary: Min Env T T T T T T T T T T Trade-off M M M M M M M T T T 0.55 Min Env T T T T T T T T T T Trade-off M M M M M M M T T T 124 Min TAC M M M M M M M M M M
    keywords: drives; m m; m t; steam; t t; t trade
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        item: #6307 of 7527
          id: cet-4591
      author: sara
       title: Format And Type Fonts
        date: 2015-08-16
       words: 2350
      flesch: 50
     summary: (a) R = 0.08 (b) R = 0.18 Figure 4: Velocity profiles in p1 and p2 at U0 = 30 m/s 1103 (a) R=0.08 (b) R=0.13 (c) R=0.18 Figure 5: Streamwise velocity profiles, ρ(n,2) and AR at U0 = 30 m/s 5. 1104 (a)U0 = 40 m/s, R = 0.18 (b)U0 = 50 m/s, R = 0.13 Figure 6: Streamwise velocity profiles, ρ(n,2) and AR References Costa N.P., Maia R., Proenca F.M., Pinho F.T., 2006, Edge Effects on the Flow Characteristics in a 90 deg Tee Junction, Journal of Fluids Engineering, 128(6), 1204-1217.
    keywords: duct; figure; flow; junction; pipe; suction; velocity
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        item: #6308 of 7527
          id: cet-4592
      author: sara
       title: Format And Type Fonts
        date: 2015-08-16
       words: 3392
      flesch: 53
     summary: A publication of The Italian Association of Chemical Engineering www.aidic.it/cet Guest Editors: Petar Sabev Varbanov, Jiří Jaromír Klemeš, Sharifah Rafidah Wan Alwi, Jun Yow Yong, Xia Liu Copyright © 2015, AIDIC Servizi S.r.l., ISBN 978-88-95608-36-5; ISSN 2283-9216 DOI: 10.3303/CET1545185 Please cite this article as: Ghosh P.C., Bandyopadhyay S., Krishnapriya G.S., Sharan P., 2015, Design space approach for storage sizing of hydrogen fuel cell systems through pinch analysis, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 45, 1105-1110 DOI:10.3303/CET1545185 1105 Design Space Approach for Storage Sizing of Hydrogen Fuel Cell Systems through Pinch Analysis Prakash Chandra Ghosh*, Santanu Bandyopadhyay, Govindankutty Sreelatha Krishnapriya, Prashant Sharan Department of Energy Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India pcghosh@iitb.ac.in Fuel cell based systems can be used effectively to supply electricity to an isolated power system. Figure 1: Block diagram of hydrogen fuel cell system 3.
    keywords: cell; energy; fuel; hydrogen; load; reformer; size; storage; system
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        item: #6309 of 7527
          id: cet-4593
      author: sara
       title: Format And Type Fonts
        date: 2015-08-16
       words: 3616
      flesch: 47
     summary: Many technologies for biomass gasification have been proposed; the prominent ones are the updraft gasifier, the downdraft gasifier, the bubbling fluidised bed gasifier, the circulating fluidised bed gasifier and entrained flow gasification. The simulation models for biomass gasification can be grouped under four major methodologies, namely, the equilibrium model, the kinetic model, the Computational Fluid Dynamic (CFD) 1112 model, and the Artificial Neural Network (ANN) model.
    keywords: bed; biomass; gasification; gasifier; model; results; steam; syngas
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        item: #6310 of 7527
          id: cet-4594
      author: sara
       title: Format And Type Fonts
        date: 2015-08-16
       words: 4232
      flesch: 64
     summary: R2 is higher for BED for higher E contents (Batches 1, 4 and 5); otherwise, it is lower. The optimization variables were the reflux ratios of the steps (fore-cuts, main cut), duration of fore-cut withdrawals and for the BED the flow rate and duration of entrainer (water) feeding.
    keywords: batch; batches; bed; cut; fore; water
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        item: #6311 of 7527
          id: cet-4595
      author: sara
       title: Format And Type Fonts
        date: 2015-08-16
       words: 3221
      flesch: 52
     summary: This technique will be constructed using logistic function which offers not only hazard assessment numerically but also graphically visualizes the effect of inherent safety parameters in designing an inherently safer process. A publication of The Italian Association of Chemical Engineering www.aidic.it/cet Guest Editors: Petar Sabev Varbanov, Jiří Jaromír Klemeš, Sharifah Rafidah Wan Alwi, Jun Yow Yong, Xia Liu Copyright © 2015, AIDIC Servizi S.r.l., ISBN 978-88-95608-36-5; ISSN 2283-9216 DOI: 10.3303/CET1545188 Please cite this article as: Ahmad S.I., Hashim H., Hassim M.H., Muis Z.A., 2015, Inherent safety assessment technique for separation equipment in preliminary engineering stage, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 45, 1123-1128 DOI:10.3303/CET1545188 1123 Inherent Safety Assessment Technique for Separation Equipment in Preliminary Engineering Stage Syaza I. Ahmad a,b , Haslenda Hashim a,b* , Mimi H. Hassim b,c , Zarina Abdul Muis a,c a Process System Engineering Centre (PROSPECT), Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 UTM Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia b Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 UTM.
    keywords: assessment; chemical; parameter; process; safety; score; technique; value
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        item: #6312 of 7527
          id: cet-4596
      author: sara
       title: Format And Type Fonts
        date: 2015-08-16
       words: 3485
      flesch: 50
     summary: Huang S., 2010, Cylinder drag reduction by the use of helical grooves, Proceedings of the HYDRALAB III Joint User Meeting., 3, 115-118. Jose M.G. Pascual Mechanical Engineering Department, De La Salle University, 2401 Taft Ave, 1004 Manila, Philippines neil.lopez@dlsu.edu.ph Past and present studies have proven that rotating cylinders can generate significantly higher lift forces compared to airfoils.
    keywords: cylinder; drag; effects; lift; model; modifications; ratio; speed; surface; wind
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        item: #6313 of 7527
          id: cet-4597
      author: sara
       title: Format And Type Fonts
        date: 2015-08-16
       words: 3200
      flesch: 51
     summary: Case study In this section, the case study of fossil fuels fired power plant is used to demonstrated the systematic framework for optimal solvent design of CO2 capture process. Amine 18 Ketones 19 Amine and alcohol 8 Alcohol 4 Aldehydes 1 4. Conclusion A systematic methodology for optimal solvent design of CO2 capture process has been developed in this paper.
    keywords: capture; chemical; co2; design; energy; process; properties; solvent; step; target
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        item: #6314 of 7527
          id: cet-4598
      author: sara
       title: Format And Type Fonts
        date: 2015-08-16
       words: 3158
      flesch: 46
     summary: Figure 2: Decision structure for the prioritization of energy storage technologies To quantify the relative importance of these criteria with respect to the goal of prioritizing these technologies, value judgments were elicited from a domain expert to fill up the pairwise comparison matrix as shown in Figure 3. Saaty T.L., 1977, A scaling method for priorities in hierarchical structures, Journal of Mathematical Psychology, 15, 234 – 281. Schoenung S., 2011, Energy storage systems cost update: A study for the DOE energy storage systems program.
    keywords: battery; cost; decision; energy; process; storage; technologies; weights
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        item: #6315 of 7527
          id: cet-4599
      author: sara
       title: Format And Type Fonts
        date: 2015-10-20
       words: 3060
      flesch: 40
     summary: The method not only accounts for ASTM materials specifications but also considers attributes relevant to product preference. AHP results show high preference on compressive strength (0.609), thermal conductivity (0.470) and cost (0.748) for each category (level 2) of desirability attribute.
    keywords: ash; astm; desirability; geopolymer; materials; product; properties; value
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        item: #6316 of 7527
          id: cet-460
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-460
        date: 2018-07-19
       words: 3528
      flesch: 59
     summary: This is a huge increase from the present combined length of CO2 pipelines of about 7,000 km. Therefore, evaluating fluid properties for each CO2 stream will optimise the design of CO2 pipelines.
    keywords: co2; effect; impurities; phase; pipelines; pressure; so2; temperature
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        item: #6317 of 7527
          id: cet-4600
      author: sara
       title: Format And Type Fonts
        date: 2015-08-16
       words: 3185
      flesch: 54
     summary: Description of flash point prediction model The flash point prediction model for pseudo binary mixture of B5-alcohol blends is expressed in Eq(1), which is derived from Liaw model (Liaw et al., 2002). Performance of flash point prediction model using Original-UNIFAC and NIST-UNIFAC model The prediction accuracy of the flash point prediction model using Original-UNIFAC and NIST-UNIFAC was evaluated by calculating the average absolute relative deviation (AARD) expressed in Eq(3).
    keywords: data; flash; group; model; parameters; point; prediction; unifac
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        item: #6318 of 7527
          id: cet-4601
      author: sara
       title: Format And Type Fonts
        date: 2015-08-16
       words: 2708
      flesch: 57
     summary: By the simulation of the HEN the Pinch Point is dotted line - Figure 6, it was shown that there are 7 heat exchangers transferring heat cross Pinch and the total amount of heat transfer cross Pinch is 2.8 MW. Verification of the capacities of the heat exchangers The Aspen Exchanger Design and Rating (EDR) software (Aspen Tech, 2015) delivers the range of heat exchanger design and rating. CRUDE - Crude Oil, C1, C2, C32 - the first, second and the third side draw of the ADU; J1JTOP, J2, J3 - the first, second and the third side draw of the VDU In HEN1 (Figure 1), the 50 °C feed crude oil is heated by the top gas of the ADU first before being divided into two streams heated with heat exchangers of E102, E103, E104 and E105, E106, E107 separately, and subsequently mixed again at 130 °C into the desalination unit.
    keywords: adu; aspen; energy; exchanger; figure; heat; pinch; vdu
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        item: #6319 of 7527
          id: cet-4602
      author: sara
       title: Format And Type Fonts
        date: 2015-08-16
       words: 3313
      flesch: 52
     summary: A publication of The Italian Association of Chemical Engineering www.aidic.it/cet Guest Editors: Petar Sabev Varbanov, Jiří Jaromír Klemeš, Sharifah Rafidah Wan Alwi, Jun Yow Yong, Xia Liu Copyright © 2015, AIDIC Servizi S.r.l., ISBN 978-88-95608-36-5; ISSN 2283-9216 DOI: 10.3303/CET1545195 Please cite this article as: Yildirim O., Flechsig S., Brinkmann U., Kenig E.Y., 2015, Application of the wallis plot for the determination of the loading limits of structured packings and sandwich packings, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 45, 1165-1170 DOI:10.3303/CET1545195 1165 Application of the Wallis Plot for the Determination of the Loading Limits of Structured Packings and Sandwich Packings Ömer Yildirim, Steve Flechsig, Ulf Brinkmann, Eugeny Y. Kenig* University of Paderborn, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Chair of Fluid Process Engineering, Pohlweg 55, D-33098Paderborn, Germany eugeny.kenig@upb.de Structured packings are widely used in many separation units in the chemical process industry. Parameters of the Wallis equation were adapted, and a correlation was proposed allowing the loading limits of structured packings and sandwich packings to be described in a reliable way as functions of the geometrical surface area, declination angle to the vertical as well as physical properties.
    keywords: drop; flooding; layer; packings; pressure; sandwich
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        item: #6320 of 7527
          id: cet-4603
      author: sara
       title: Format And Type Fonts
        date: 2015-08-16
       words: 3566
      flesch: 57
     summary: The different investment and maintenance costs between HDCM pre-optimised and optimised is due to the fact that more membrane area is required with VP systems pre-optimised than that optimised. It overcomes disadvantages of conventional methods and is proved to be an effective way for process parameters analysis that uses mathematical and statistical techniques to analyse the influence of independent variables on a specific response (Dahmoune et al., 2014).
    keywords: -1 -1; design; ipa; process; tac
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        item: #6321 of 7527
          id: cet-4604
      author: sara
       title: Format And Type Fonts
        date: 2015-08-16
       words: 3278
      flesch: 51
     summary: Figures 4 and 5 then show comparisons of tube mass flow rates yielded by the simulation tool and the corresponding data from ANSYS Fluent obtained with both steady and fully converged unsteady computations. Second, though in terms of flow distribution the model performs rather well, the accuracy could still be higher in case of flow systems with larger numbers of tube rows.
    keywords: ansys; data; distribution; flow; fluent; heat; model; tube
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        item: #6322 of 7527
          id: cet-4605
      author: sara
       title: Format And Type Fonts
        date: 2015-08-16
       words: 3511
      flesch: 54
     summary: +0.103•v v v v v  2 1 3 4 5 = -1.42+ 0.115• +0.0099• Eff v v v v v v v v       1 2 4 5 0.0042 1.106 0.032 0.002TotCost v v v
    keywords: carbon; cost; efficiency; technology; v v
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        item: #6323 of 7527
          id: cet-4606
      author: sara
       title: Format And Type Fonts
        date: 2015-10-08
       words: 3464
      flesch: 34
     summary: An apparent shift of the maximum heat flux farther from the burner compared to usually published shape of combustion heat flux profiles was caused by a relatively great length of the flame in comparison to the overall combustion chamber length due to staged air supply effect. This encouraging observation gives an opportunity to utilise the validated MPF model in future work in the course of development of an accurate practical method for thermal design of process equipment employing combustion chambers such as power boilers, fired heaters, furnaces, etc.
    keywords: burner; chamber; combustion; design; flux; heat; model; mpf
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        item: #6324 of 7527
          id: cet-4607
      author: sara
       title: Format And Type Fonts
        date: 2015-08-16
       words: 2966
      flesch: 59
     summary: Ho (2014) also used similar components: DEC-PA, DEC-EtAc, DEC-DPC, PA-EtAc, PA-DPC, and EtAc-DPC. C6i 1.74×10 -18 2.83×10 -18 3.87×10 -18 1.79×10 -17 2.93×10 -5 C7i 6 6 6 6 2 Table 3: Boiling point of DPC production process Component B.P. (at 1 atm) EtAc 77.20 °C DEC 126.82 °C PA 195.67 °C EPC 239.49 °C DPC 302.00 °C 3.
    keywords: dec; dpc; etac; process; rd1; rd2; reaction
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        item: #6325 of 7527
          id: cet-4608
      author: sara
       title: Format And Type Fonts
        date: 2015-08-16
       words: 2345
      flesch: 62
     summary: The first model is retrofit design of water network model by a liner programming (LP) for design with treatment. A publication of The Italian Association of Chemical Engineering www.aidic.it/cet Guest Editors: Petar Sabev Varbanov, Jiří Jaromír Klemeš, Sharifah Rafidah Wan Alwi, Jun Yow Yong, Xia Liu Copyright © 2015, AIDIC Servizi S.r.l., ISBN 978-88-95608-36-5; ISSN 2283-9216 DOI: 10.3303/CET1545201 Please cite this article as: Pungthong K., Siemanond K., 2015, The retrofit design for water network with multiple contaminants of industrial process, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 45, 1201-1206 DOI:10.3303/CET1545201 1201 The Retrofit Design for Water Network with Multiple Contaminants of Industrial Process Kittichai Pungthong, Kitipat Siemanond* Petroleum and Petrochamical College, Chulalongkorn University, 254 Phayathai Rd., Pathumwan, Bangkok 10330 kitipat.s@chula.ac.th Water is the important resources for process industry.
    keywords: design; model; network; wastewater; water
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        item: #6326 of 7527
          id: cet-4609
      author: sara
       title: Format And Type Fonts
        date: 2015-08-16
       words: 2506
      flesch: 29
     summary: The capability of this methodology is tested in designing sustainable energy distillation column sequence for hydrocarbon mixtures separation process, which consists of eleven compounds (propane, i-butane, n- butane, i-pentane, n-pentane, n-hexane, benzene, cyclohexane, n-heptane, toluene, and n-decane) with ten indirect sequence distillation columns. Accordingly, the methodology is divided into four hierarchical sequential stages: i) existing sequence sustainability analysis, ii) optimal sequence determination, iii) optimal sequence sustainability analysis, and iv) sustainability comparison.
    keywords: driving; energy; force; separation; sequence; sustainability
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        item: #6327 of 7527
          id: cet-461
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-461
        date: 2018-07-19
       words: 2970
      flesch: 44
     summary: Concentration of phenol and detection of the aromatic intermediates of phenol degradation were monitored on a Waters High Performance Liquid Chromatograph (HPLC) and Gas Chromatogram- Mass Spectrometer (GC-MS), respectively. This study aims to identify and investigate the intermediates formed during the UV/TiO2 photocatalytic degradation of phenol in a batch DOI: 10.3303/CET1870031 Please cite this article as: Jay L., Chirwa E.M.N., 2018, Pathway analysis of phenol degradation by uv/tio2 photocatalysis utilising the c-13 isotopic labelling technique , Chemical Engineering Transactions, 70, 181-186 DOI:10.3303/CET1870031 181 system.
    keywords: c-13; chemical; degradation; intermediates; phenol; photocatalysis; reaction; tio2
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        item: #6328 of 7527
          id: cet-4610
      author: sara
       title: Format And Type Fonts
        date: 2015-08-16
       words: 3584
      flesch: 43
     summary: The study of multicomponent oxide catalysts based on NiCuCr over 2 % Ce/θ-Al2O3 by electron microscopy The morphology of the Ni-Cu-Cr catalysts was examined by a transmission electron microscopy at increasing components in the Ni-Cu-Cr catalyst. Komashko L.V., Zheksenbaeva Z.T., 2002, Study of multicomponent oxide catalysts of methane combustion on Ce/Al2O3 by electron microscopy, Bulletin of the National Academy of Sciences of Kazakhstan Ser Chem, 6, 68-72 (in Russian).
    keywords: al2o3; catalysts; toluene
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        item: #6329 of 7527
          id: cet-4611
      author: sara
       title: Format And Type Fonts
        date: 2015-08-16
       words: 2952
      flesch: 44
     summary: Figure 1: Carbon Integration planning over time; filled circles represent treated sources, unfilled circles represent raw sources, and pentagons represent sinks (Al-Mohannadi and Linke, 2015) Figure 2: Planning horizon with carbon footprint reduction policies 3. A step- wise approach, from data acquisition to network design, is followed to determine the lowest cost carbon integration network for carbon footprint reductions in a given industrial park adopted below from Al- Mohannadi and Linke (2015).
    keywords: carbon; cost; dioxide; footprint; integration; network; period; planning; policy; reduction
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        item: #6330 of 7527
          id: cet-4612
      author: sara
       title: Format And Type Fonts
        date: 2015-08-16
       words: 3988
      flesch: 43
     summary: It is observable that technology transfer has a major importance in determining new technology strategies in the industries studied. The effects achieved with technology transfers are confirmed to guide decision-making and the determination of new technology strategies.
    keywords: business; companies; company; development; innovation; management; products; strategies; strategy; technology; transfer; value
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        item: #6331 of 7527
          id: cet-4613
      author: sara
       title: Format And Type Fonts
        date: 2015-08-16
       words: 3385
      flesch: 58
     summary: Basing on previous researches of plate heat exchangers presented in Tovazhnyansky et al. Accounting for thermal resistance of cooling water fouling in plate heat exchangers.
    keywords: cold; design; exchangers; heat; oil; plate; sphe; transfer
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        item: #6332 of 7527
          id: cet-4614
      author: sara
       title: Format And Type Fonts
        date: 2015-08-16
       words: 3638
      flesch: 45
     summary: A publication of The Italian Association of Chemical Engineering www.aidic.it/cet Guest Editors: Petar Sabev Varbanov, Jiří Jaromír Klemeš, Sharifah Rafidah Wan Alwi, Jun Yow Yong, Xia Liu Copyright © 2015, AIDIC Servizi S.r.l., ISBN 978-88-95608-36-5; ISSN 2283-9216 DOI: 10.3303/CET1545207 Please cite this article as: Timma L., Blumberga D., 2015, The improvements of performance reliability in solar combisystem by the applications of artificial intelligence, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 45, 1237-1242 DOI:10.3303/CET1545207 1237 Thus the objective of the paper is to present the development of an automatic fault detection system, which can deal with abrupt in solar combisystems.
    keywords: ann; combisystem; data; detection; energy; failure; fault; model; network; simulation
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        item: #6333 of 7527
          id: cet-4615
      author: sara
       title: Format And Type Fonts
        date: 2015-10-20
       words: 2600
      flesch: 44
     summary: Neural network and fuzzy logic systems came into being in an effort to answer the limitation of the mechanistic simulations (Hajmeer and Basheer, 2002). Conclusions A multi-layer feed forward neural network consisting of an input layer with three neurons, a single hidden layer with ten neurons and an output layer with one neuron, provided good correlations between experimental and estimated biodegradation for the training and control data sets used.
    keywords: biodegradation; data; input; layer; network; neural; neurons; output; phenol
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        item: #6334 of 7527
          id: cet-4616
      author: sara
       title: Format And Type Fonts
        date: 2015-08-16
       words: 4174
      flesch: 42
     summary: All systems present K value around 0.5 which means that laccase has 2 times higher concentration in bottom phase compared to that of top phase, suggesting these systems have potential for laccase recovery and can be further optimized (Lladosa et al., 2012). However, it appears that the recycling can be performed continuously as long as new salt phase is used after every second recycling since constant polymer recovery was achieved throughout the studies.
    keywords: atps; et al; laccase; lysozyme; partitioning; phase; phosphate; polymer; recovery; system
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        item: #6335 of 7527
          id: cet-4617
      author: sara
       title: Introduction
        date: 2015-08-16
       words: 1861
      flesch: 47
     summary: This traditional biomass cook stove (Figure 1) usually lacks a chimney which releases the combustion products directly into the kitchen as smoke which causes Indoor Air Pollution. By reviewing existing literature on stoves aimed at low-income populations, four types of mud built improved cook stoves were designed and installed in Chemical Engineering Department, BUET, Bangladesh. Extensive literature review is carried out by MacCarty et al (2015) on role of Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) based modelling to analyse combustion process of cook stove.
    keywords: 2015; autodesk; cfd; simulation; stove; temperature
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        item: #6336 of 7527
          id: cet-4618
      author: sara
       title: Format And Type Fonts
        date: 2015-08-16
       words: 3108
      flesch: 57
     summary: Heat transfer coefficients are determined by numerical simulations with varying coolant velocities. The study has significant importance towards the estimation of heat transfer coefficient and percentage enhancement in thermal efficiency of a 1262 car radiator using nanofluid coolants.
    keywords: avg; coolant; flow; heat; mov; nanofluids; transfer; water
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        item: #6337 of 7527
          id: cet-4619
      author: sara
       title: Format And Type Fonts
        date: 2015-08-16
       words: 2636
      flesch: 45
     summary: The application of waste material based heterogeneous catalyst (KOH/EFB) under ultrasonic-irradiation of transesterification process showed low conversion of FAME. The aim of this study is to investigate transesterification process of rubber seed oil (RSO) through direct-ultrasonic irradiation (UI) with addition of waste material based heterogeneous catalyst.
    keywords: amplitude; catalyst; efb; ffa; oil; process; transesterification; ultrasonic
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        item: #6338 of 7527
          id: cet-462
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-462
        date: 2018-07-19
       words: 3277
      flesch: 46
     summary: The reactor was operated in an up-flow mode for a period of 150 days over a range of influent Cr(VI) concentrations (30-200 mg/L) and As(III) concentrations in the ratio of 1:1.7 (51 - 340 mg/L). Sa m pl in g p or ts Figure 1: Laboratory set-up of a ceramic media biofilm reactor 3.2 Mass transport along the longitudinal column Cr(VI) reduction efficiency across the longitudinal reactor column was evaluated at different Cr(VI) concentrations of (30 mg/L, 50 mg/L 100 mg/L, and 200 mg/L) and As(III) concentration in the mole ratio of 1:1.7 Figure 3 and 4.
    keywords: as(iii; chirwa; column; concentration; cr(vi; reactor; reduction
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        item: #6339 of 7527
          id: cet-4620
      author: sara
       title: Format And Type Fonts
        date: 2015-10-20
       words: 3146
      flesch: 53
     summary: A publication of The Italian Association of Chemical Engineering www.aidic.it/cet Guest Editors: Petar Sabev Varbanov, Jiří Jaromír Klemeš, Sharifah Rafidah Wan Alwi, Jun Yow Yong, Xia Liu Copyright © 2015, AIDIC Servizi S.r.l., ISBN 978-88-95608-36-5; ISSN 2283-9216 DOI: 10.3303/CET1545213 Please cite this article as: Choopun W., Jitkarnka S., 2015, Enhancing bio-kerosene and bio-gas oil production from bio- ethanol dehydration using the hierarchical mesoporous msu-szsm-5, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 45, 1273-1278 DOI:10.3303/CET1545213 1273 Enhancing Bio-Kerosene and Bio-Gas Oil Production from Bio-ethanol Dehydration Using The Hierarchical Mesoporous MSU-SZSM-5 Waranpong Choopun a,b , Sirirat Jitkarnka* ,a,b a The Petroleum and Petrochemical College, Chulalongkorn University, 254 Soi Chulalongkorn 12, Phayathai Rd. Pathumwan, Bangkok 10330, Thailand b Center of Excellence on Petrochemical and Materials Technology, Chulalongkorn University Research Building, Soi Chulalongkorn 12, Phayathai Rd., Bangkok 10330, Thailand sirirat.j@chula.ac.th HZSM-5 zeolite has been noticed for its potential to convert bio-ethanol to monoaromatics hydrocarbons such as C6-C8s due to its suitable pore size and shape selectivity. Moreover, Ramasamy et al. (2014) synthesized nano-size hierarchical HZSM-5 with mesoporore created from stacked nano-crystals, and compared its stability with that of a conventional HZSM-5 at the same Si/Al ratio on ethanol dehydration to hydrocarbons.
    keywords: bio; dehydration; ethanol; hzsm-5; msu; oil; szsm5
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        item: #6340 of 7527
          id: cet-4621
      author: Dep Director
       title: Format And Type Fonts
        date: 2015-08-16
       words: 3737
      flesch: 47
     summary: Therefore, a surface response for catalyst and reaction time was performed by fixing the previously optimised methanol to oil molar ratio of 11.62:1. 1283 Figure 2: a) 3D response surface plot; b) contour plot and c) interaction of catalyst and methanol to oil ratio of biodiesel conversion at a fixed reaction time of 4.47 min Figure 3: a) 3D response surface plot; b) contour plot and c) interaction of catalyst and reaction time of biodiesel conversion at fixed methanol to oil molar ratio of 11.62:1 Figure 4: a) 3D response surface plot; b) contour plot and c) interaction of methanol to oil and reaction time of biodiesel conversion at a fixed catalyst loading of 0.68 wt% Figure 3 shows the WCO conversion increased from 92.0 % to 96.0 % when the reaction time increased from 4.40 to 5.20 min, but decreased afterwards, due to soap formation often associated with prolonged transesterification reaction. (2010) who reported optimum conversion yellow horn oil at methanol to oil molar ratio of 12:1.
    keywords: biodiesel; catalyst; conversion; methanol; microwave; model; molar; oil; ratio; reaction; time; wco
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        item: #6341 of 7527
          id: cet-4622
      author: sara
       title: Format And Type Fonts
        date: 2015-08-16
       words: 3766
      flesch: 61
     summary: In this work, relation of biomass feedstock element characteristic to crude bio-oil production yield and low heating value (LHV) in semi-batch fixed bed pyrolysis is studied. The oil-bio yield and LHV from each case are compared to determine the relationship to biomass feedstock element characteristic of this pyrolysis process.
    keywords: bio; biomass; characteristic; element; oil
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        item: #6342 of 7527
          id: cet-4623
      author: sara
       title: Format And Type Fonts
        date: 2015-08-16
       words: 3623
      flesch: 47
     summary: 2. Experimental Methods Materials Synthesis: Mesoporous silica SBA-15 was synthesized according to the reported method as follows Zhao et al., (1998). TEM images of sample SBA-15 and LiOH10/SBA-15 are shown in Figure 2(a) and (b).
    keywords: al10; alumina; area; glycerol; lioh10; loading; samples; sba-15; structure; surface
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        item: #6343 of 7527
          id: cet-4624
      author: Jun Yow Yong
       title: cet-4624
        date: 2015-08-16
       words: 3153
      flesch: 53
     summary: The results for the first identification for the NARX model is shown as a model residuals output plot in Figure 4. (a) (b) Figure 4: (a) Autocorrelation of residual, (b) Cross correlation, for NARX model In Figure 4(a), the big fluctuation of the NARX model outside the confidence interval is insignificant while the strong correlation in the middle (high peak) indicates that the model residual is strongly uncorrelated. In the next section, NARX model will be represent the model in NMPC development.
    keywords: concentration; control; fermentation; lmpc; model; mpc; narx; process
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        item: #6344 of 7527
          id: cet-4625
      author: sara
       title: Format And Type Fonts
        date: 2015-08-16
       words: 3676
      flesch: 50
     summary: However, the success of this technology depends on preparation of stable sorbent with high CO2 adsorption capacity, low cost, easy to regenerate, high selectivity (Samanta et al., 2011). For effective preparation CO2 sorbent, high CO2 adsorption capacity is necessary for economically viable process (Shafeeyan et al., 2011).
    keywords: adsorption; carbon; co2; microwave; model; peek; power; preparation; response
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        item: #6345 of 7527
          id: cet-4626
      author: sara
       title: Format And Type Fonts
        date: 2015-08-16
       words: 3008
      flesch: 60
     summary: The overall results indicate that CH4 enriched biogas can be generated from fruit and vegetable waste at larger scale to fulfill the Pakistan’s energy demands with sustainable management of organic fraction of municipal solid waste (OFMSW). While, the 1311 results of S2 and S3 schemes under MT condition are presented in Figure 2 (c & e) for biogas production and Figure 2 (d & f) for pH variation.
    keywords: biogas; ch4; co2; energy; h2s; production; waste
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        item: #6346 of 7527
          id: cet-4627
      author: sara
       title: Format And Type Fonts
        date: 2015-08-16
       words: 2853
      flesch: 51
     summary: Sulong M., Abdul Aziz A., Md Top A.G., 2008, Bio-fertilizer from palm oil mill biomass and POME solids by mobile composter, MPOB Information Series, <palmoilis.mpob.gov.my/publications/TOT/TT-381.pdf>, accessed 01.02.2015 USDA, (United States Department of Agriculture), 2013, Oilseeds: World Markets and Trade <www.fas.usda.gov/psdonline/circulars/oilseeds.pdf>, accessed 15.02.2015 http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/13595113/47/3 The treated liquid waste or palm oil mill effluent (POME) meets the discharge standard steadily and it is further treated for reuse and recycle in the palm oil mill.
    keywords: biomass; mill; oil; palm; pome; regen; system; waste
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        item: #6347 of 7527
          id: cet-4628
      author: sara
       title: Format And Type Fonts
        date: 2015-08-16
       words: 2406
      flesch: 50
     summary: Towards to promote sustainability, oil palm industry must find a balance between economic and environmental needs. The model shall assist the decision maker to identify the sub- industries in the EIT in order to promote sustainability in oil palm industry.
    keywords: bio; biomass; eit; industries; industry; mill; oil; palm
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        item: #6348 of 7527
          id: cet-4629
      author: Bemgba Bevan Nyakuma
       title: Format And Type Fonts
        date: 2015-08-16
       words: 2984
      flesch: 43
     summary: 4. Conclusions The pyrolysis kinetics of OPEFB pellets pyrolysis was investigated under non-isothermal conditions using a TG analyser. Table 2: Characteristic temperatures for OPEFB pellet decomposition at different heating rates Heating Rate (°C/min) Reaction Time (min) Peak Temperature (°C )
    keywords: analysis; biomass; decomposition; energy; kinetic; opefb; palm; pellets; pyrolysis
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        item: #6349 of 7527
          id: cet-463
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-463
        date: 2018-07-19
       words: 3508
      flesch: 50
     summary: Fouling resistance updating using fouling rate models Fouling can be dynamically updated from a time step n to (n+1) using a fouling rate model as it is defined in Eq(1). Extraction of crude oil fouling model parameters from plant exchanger monitoring.
    keywords: crude; data; error; exchanger; fouling; heat; model; network; reconciliation
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        item: #6350 of 7527
          id: cet-4630
      author: sara
       title: Format And Type Fonts
        date: 2015-08-17
       words: 3615
      flesch: 40
     summary: The answer to the challenge: P-graph P-graph (Friedler et al., 1992) and the associated framework in terms of the main algorithm (Friedler et al., 1993), the further procedure extensions (Friedler et al., 1995) including Accelerated Branch and Bound optimisation (Friedler et al., 1996) have been developed for treating network optimisation problems. 1334 2. P-graph fundamentals: a concise review For handling network optimisation problems of practical complexity, the P-graph framework and tools has been efficiently applied.
    keywords: engineering; framework; friedler; graph; network; optimisation; problems; process; synthesis
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        item: #6351 of 7527
          id: cet-4631
      author: sara
       title: Format And Type Fonts
        date: 2015-08-17
       words: 2965
      flesch: 45
     summary: A publication of The Italian Association of Chemical Engineering www.aidic.it/cet Guest Editors: Petar Sabev Varbanov, Jiří Jaromír Klemeš, Sharifah Rafidah Wan Alwi, Jun Yow Yong, Xia Liu Copyright © 2015, AIDIC Servizi S.r.l., ISBN 978-88-95608-36-5; ISSN 2283-9216 DOI: 10.3303/CET1545224 Please cite this article as: Tan R.R., Aviso K.B., Yu K.D.S., Promentilla M.A.B., Santos J.R., 2015, P-graph approach to allocation of inoperability in urban infrastructure systems, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 45, 1339-1344 DOI:10.3303/CET1545224 1339 P-Graph Approach to Allocation of Inoperability in Urban Infrastructure Systems Raymond R. Tan* a , Kathleen B. Aviso a , Krista Danielle S. Yu b , Michael Angelo B. Promentilla a , Joost R. Santos c a Chemical Engineering Department, De La Salle University, 2401 Taft Avenue, 0922, Manila, Philippines b School of Economics, De La Salle University, 2401 Taft Avenue, 0922, Manila, Philippines c Department of Systems Engineering, The George Washington University, 1776 G Street NW, Washington, DC, USA raymond.tan@dlsu.edu.ph Inoperability input-output modeling (IIM) was introduced as a methodology for determining ripple effects propagating through interdependent infrastructure systems as a result of disruptive events such as natural disasters. Similarly, Haimes and Jiang (2001) proposed the dimensionless quantity known as inoperability as a normalized index of risk in infrastructure systems.
    keywords: graph; iim; infrastructure; inoperability; methodology; system
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        item: #6352 of 7527
          id: cet-4632
      author: sara
       title: Format And Type Fonts
        date: 2015-08-17
       words: 2852
      flesch: 49
     summary: Table 3: Optimal water flows and cost distribution for Scenario 1 in m 3 /d Sink M O P Optimal water flows and cost distribution for Scenario 2 in m 3 /d
    keywords: cost; graph; model; network; quality; water
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        item: #6353 of 7527
          id: cet-4633
      author: sara
       title: Format And Type Fonts
        date: 2015-08-17
       words: 3215
      flesch: 54
     summary: Though originally, the P-graph problem was developed for chemical industry problems, it is now used at several area from energy supply chains (Lam et al., 2010) until operational adjustment in plants (Tan et al., 2014). The present work proposes the P-graph framework for designing energy supply chains while taking into account sustainability criteria.
    keywords: energy; graph; operating; pns; process; structure; supply; sustainability; units
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        item: #6354 of 7527
          id: cet-4634
      author: sara
       title: Format And Type Fonts
        date: 2015-08-17
       words: 3181
      flesch: 53
     summary: A mathematical programming approach to life-cycle based optimisation with consideration of fatalities in biomass supply chains was developed by Ramadhan et al. The initial work of Lam et al. (2010) was first proposing for the PNS approach to biomass supply chain planning.
    keywords: biomass; chain; cost; graph; risk; supply; total
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        item: #6355 of 7527
          id: cet-4635
      author: sara
       title: Format And Type Fonts
        date: 2015-08-17
       words: 3030
      flesch: 56
     summary: Case Study As mentioned above, palm oil biomass, paddy waste, sugar cane biomass and pineapple residues are the four chosen sources of biomass which will be utilised in the multiple biomass corridors. In short, the increased interest in the utilisation of biomass waste not only reduces the environmental impact but also creates local business opportunity (Lam et al., 2010).
    keywords: biomass; cost; energy; hub; potential; problem; profit; supply
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        item: #6356 of 7527
          id: cet-4636
      author: sara
       title: Format And Type Fonts
        date: 2015-08-17
       words: 3109
      flesch: 41
     summary: In this work, authors develop process flowsheets in terms of profit for the production of benzaldehyde from toluene via process-network synthesis by deploying an algorithmic method based on P-graphs. Conclusions Our preliminary exploration has revealed that the algorithmic method based on P-graphs can be successfully applied to the development of process flowsheets for the production of benzaldehyde from toluene in terms of profit via PNS.
    keywords: benzaldehyde; flowsheets; graph; operating; process; production; structure; toluene; units
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        item: #6357 of 7527
          id: cet-4637
      author: sara
       title: Format And Type Fonts
        date: 2015-08-17
       words: 2583
      flesch: 55
     summary: This article evaluates the potential for achieving environmental and economic benefits through utilising the waste from oil palm biomass processing based on Jengka region. The abundance source of oil palm biomass can be utilised and developed properly to meet the demand in bio-power generation.
    keywords: biomass; felda; jengka; oil; palm; plant; road
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        item: #6358 of 7527
          id: cet-4638
      author: sara
       title: Format And Type Fonts
        date: 2015-10-04
       words: 3164
      flesch: 49
     summary: Whereas, 50 % of toner percentage coverage have reduced about 33.3 % of laser printer speed to 20 pages/min, and 75 % and 100 % of toner percentages coverage have decreased 50 % of laser printer speed corresponding with 15 pages/min. 3.3 TVOC Emission Figure 4: TVOC Emission from laser printer due to different toner coverages 3.4 Temperature Increment and CO2 Emission Along with TVOC, others IAQ parameter such as temperature and CO2 have also been monitored and measured in order to have a better understanding of laser printer emission.
    keywords: coverage; emission; laser; pages; printer; printing; speed; toner
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        item: #6359 of 7527
          id: cet-4639
      author: sara
       title: Format And Type Fonts
        date: 2015-10-04
       words: 2961
      flesch: 54
     summary: Ce (mg/L) Experiment D-R Temkin Langmuir Freundlich Figure 5: Comparison of experimental and predicted isotherms of SA adsorption onto C12-H2SO4 based on MPSD (a),  2 (b), ARE (c) and SAE (d) Non-linear regression analysis on equilibrium data revealed that SA adsorption was best described by D-R model which exhibited the lowest SNE (0.7551).
    keywords: adsorption; c12; c60; graphene; h2so4; model; removal
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        item: #6360 of 7527
          id: cet-464
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-464
        date: 2018-07-19
       words: 3453
      flesch: 54
     summary: The WTP initially consists of a set of available wastewater treatment processes. Water input is independent of each other and the quality is deterministic in nature.
    keywords: input; model; period; process; quality; treatment; wastewater; water; 𝐶𝑜𝑠𝑡
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        item: #6361 of 7527
          id: cet-4640
      author: sara
       title: Format And Type Fonts
        date: 2015-10-04
       words: 3731
      flesch: 47
     summary: Rapid growth rate  High oil production per unit area of land  Does not compete for arable land  Can be cultured using wastewater  Microalgal bio-oil has higher quality than lignocellulosic biomass  5. Conclusion Small scale research using microalgae to treat POME wastewater has already been proven successful.
    keywords: cultivation; energy; gas; growth; malaysia; microalgae; nutrients; oil; palm; pome; production; wastewater
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        item: #6362 of 7527
          id: cet-4641
      author: sara
       title: Format And Type Fonts
        date: 2015-10-04
       words: 4327
      flesch: 34
     summary: Generally, process synthesis is to design an optimum process flow sheet in order to meet the given objectives (e.g., maximize profit or economic performance, minimize waste or environmental impact) by providing the condition data (i.e., chemical reaction, conversion rate, chemical component) on the chemical processing pathway. IEBA is another assessment available quantifying environmental impact by adapting the environmental potency factors in calculating the incremental environmental burden score for each pathway based on per tonne of product formed.
    keywords: assessment; biomass; biorefinery; chemical; design; energy; health; impact; optimization; process; sustainability; synthesis
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        item: #6363 of 7527
          id: cet-4642
      author: sara
       title: Format And Type Fonts
        date: 2015-10-04
       words: 3933
      flesch: 54
     summary: Finally, drying process eventually ceases when moisture content reaches equilibrium moisture content denotes the final value at the end of drying (Kowalski and Mierzwa, 2013). Perré P., Remond R., Turner I.W., 2007, Comprehensive drying models based on Volume Averaging: Background, Application and Perspective, vol.
    keywords: drying; figure; heat; material; mesh; model; transport; water
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        item: #6364 of 7527
          id: cet-4643
      author: sara
       title: Format And Type Fonts
        date: 2015-10-04
       words: 3309
      flesch: 56
     summary: While transporting the mixture of crude oil and water through all these oil production units, the turbulence, mixing and agitation through valves, pumps, surface chokes and pipes will lead to the formation of W/O emulsions in crude oil flow (Lim et al., 2015). Introduction The oil and gas industries play a very important role in all the countries around the world because these industries not only contribute to the countries’ economies but they also support the needs of community in the demand for crude oil.
    keywords: crude; emulsions; flow; oil; shear; study; viscosity; w/o; water
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        item: #6365 of 7527
          id: cet-4644
      author: sara
       title: Format And Type Fonts
        date: 2015-10-04
       words: 3035
      flesch: 58
     summary: The pure CO2 permeance data were obtained for CMS membrane from previous literature (Ahmad et al., 2010). The authors acknowledge the financial support provided by Ministry of Science, Technology, and Innovation (MOSTI), Malaysia e–Science fund (0153AB-B57) and Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS. 1422 References Ahmad M.A., Rashid N.K.A., Harun W.H.F.W., Hameed B.H., 2010, Effects of polyetherimide pyrolysis temperature on CMS membranes: study on CO2 permeance and CO2/CH4 permselectivity, Int.
    keywords: cms; co2; gas; matrix; membranes; mmms; performance; pes; separation
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        item: #6366 of 7527
          id: cet-4645
      author: sara
       title: Format And Type Fonts
        date: 2015-10-04
       words: 2135
      flesch: 46
     summary: Membrane gas separation is a one of the most attracting methods in natural gas separation due to its wide range of advantages. These results are believed to be an extended and novel future direction for membrane gas separation.
    keywords: co2; gas; ionic; liquid; membrane; pes; separation
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        item: #6367 of 7527
          id: cet-4646
      author: sara
       title: Format And Type Fonts
        date: 2015-10-04
       words: 3354
      flesch: 54
     summary: 1: Effect of DGA and TEA on permeate flux across AFC40 membranes (Cb= 5000 mg/L, u= 6.0 L/min and pH=8) 3.2 Effect of Feed pH on Permeate Flux Figure 2 shows the effect of feed pH on permeate of DGA and TEA fluxes across AFC40 membrane. The objectives of this study are to investigate the flux and rejection of two different types of amines called diglycolamine (DGA) and triethanolamine (TEA) across AFC40 membrane, and to evaluate the effect of feed pH on flux and rejection performance for this membrane against various types of amines.
    keywords: afc40; dga; effect; flux; membrane; rejection; surface; tea
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        item: #6368 of 7527
          id: cet-4647
      author: sara
       title: Format And Type Fonts
        date: 2015-10-04
       words: 2784
      flesch: 48
     summary: Effects of annealing Bi2Te3 thermoelectric films on the surface morphology and Seebeck coefficient were investigated. Seebeck coefficient is given due attention in this study, as it has the largest contribution to the ZT value as shown in Eq (1).
    keywords: annealing; bi2te3; carbon; coefficient; fibre; films; rcf; seebeck; temperature
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        item: #6369 of 7527
          id: cet-4648
      author: None
       title: cet-4648
        date: 2015-10-04
       words: 3009
      flesch: 43
     summary: On one side, higher ER will cause higher gasification temperature can accelerate the oxidation reaction and hence improve the product quality to a certain limit. Furthermore, increasing of gasification temperature also increases thermal cracking of tar and heavy hydrocarbons into gaseous components (Babu, 1995).
    keywords: bed; biomass; energy; gasification; oil; opf; palm; temperature
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        item: #6370 of 7527
          id: cet-4649
      author: None
       title: cet-4649
        date: 2015-10-04
       words: 3878
      flesch: 38
     summary: Fluids with high thermal conductivity are able to conduct and dissipate heat generated at a higher rate as compared to fluids with poor thermal conductivity. At lower nanoparticle loadings of 0.01 % weight fraction, they were able obtain 1.55 % thermal conductivity increment at 293 K. However, at a higher temperature, there are able to obtain 8.48 % increment at 333 K. Nevertheless, higher mass fraction of nanoparticles increases the thermal conductivity effectiveness at a given temperature due to presence of higher nanoparticle concentrations suspended in nanofluid.
    keywords: base; conductivity; drilling; et al; fluid; mud; nanofluid; nanoparticles; properties; stability; water
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        item: #6371 of 7527
          id: cet-465
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-465
        date: 2018-07-19
       words: 2771
      flesch: 37
     summary: This work presents a modified graphical illustration method which expressed the economic and environmental performance of a given process in the form of vector (or sustainability vector). The conceptual idea of sustainability vector was introduced in the previous work.
    keywords: biomass; dimension; lam; performance; process; quadrant; sustainability; vector; work
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        item: #6372 of 7527
          id: cet-4650
      author: sara
       title: Format And Type Fonts
        date: 2015-10-04
       words: 3757
      flesch: 49
     summary: The sampling procedures were made according to the standard procedure USEPA Method 5 - “Determination of particulate emissions from stationary sources”. Overloading of fuel (i.e. fibre and shell) could cause higher rate of particulate emission.
    keywords: air; boiler; combustion; emission; malaysia; mill; oil; palm; particulate; plant; total
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        item: #6373 of 7527
          id: cet-4651
      author: sara
       title: Format And Type Fonts
        date: 2015-10-04
       words: 3434
      flesch: 60
     summary: Environmentalists have further recognised the formation of EIP as one of the effective solutions for waste minimization. In the context of industrial ecology, an EIP represents an urban industrial area where multiple industries cooperate together through the exchange of material and energy.
    keywords: biorefinery; connectance; eco; eip; plant; product
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        item: #6374 of 7527
          id: cet-4652
      author: None
       title: cet-4652
        date: 2015-10-05
       words: 2989
      flesch: 49
     summary: Intermediate polymer to carbon gas separation membranes based on Matrimid PI. Recently, there has been a growing interest in the development of gas separation by using carbon membrane as it may give high separation performance (Wey et al., 2014).
    keywords: carbon; ch4; co2; gas; matrimid; membrane; performance; polymer; process; separation
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        item: #6375 of 7527
          id: cet-4653
      author: sara
       title: Format And Type Fonts
        date: 2015-10-04
       words: 2521
      flesch: 34
     summary: A publication of The Italian Association of Chemical Engineering www.aidic.it/cet Guest Editors: Petar Sabev Varbanov, Jiří Jaromír Klemeš, Sharifah Rafidah Wan Alwi, Jun Yow Yong, Xia Liu Copyright © 2015, AIDIC Servizi S.r.l., ISBN 978-88-95608-36-5; ISSN 2283-9216 DOI:10.3303/CET1545246 Please cite this article as: Chew C.B., Mat R., 2015, The efficacy of calcium carbonate scale inhibition by commercial polymer scale inhibitors, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 45, 1471-1476 DOI:10.3303/CET1545246 1471 The efficacy of calcium carbonate scale inhibition by three selected inhibitors, Polymaleic Acid (PMA), Polyamino Polyether Methylene Phosphonic Acid (PAPEMP) and Acrylic Acid-Maleic Anhydride (AA/MA) copolymer was investigated via static beaker tests at 40 °C, pH 8.50 and incubated for 20 h. The calcium carbonate scales formed in the presence and absence of inhibitors have been examined by SEM.
    keywords: calcium; carbonate; crystal; inhibition; inhibitors; papemp; scale; water
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        item: #6376 of 7527
          id: cet-4654
      author: sara
       title: Format And Type Fonts
        date: 2015-10-04
       words: 3739
      flesch: 50
     summary: At high drying temperature, the turbidity removal decreased. Similarly, the viscosity was low at high drying temperature.
    keywords: coagulant; extraction; model; removal; temperature; turbidity; value; viscosity
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        item: #6377 of 7527
          id: cet-4655
      author: None
       title: cet-4655
        date: 2015-10-04
       words: 2475
      flesch: 43
     summary: The highest recovery was obtained from MIP compared with non-imprinted polymer (NIP) by using a commercial C8 sorbent. The tube was sealed and placed in a water bath at 60 °C for 20 h. As a control, non-imprinted polymer (NIP) was simultaneously prepared in the same manner but without the addition of the template.
    keywords: atrazine; binding; imprinted; mip; molecular; polymer; template; water
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        item: #6378 of 7527
          id: cet-4656
      author: sara
       title: Format And Type Fonts
        date: 2015-10-04
       words: 3985
      flesch: 39
     summary: The TEM images demonstrated that single PDDA layer promote a thinner IONPs deposition with orderly IONPs distribution compared to multiple PDDA/PSS/PDDA layer. Therefore, greater value of D-F (0.36×10 -6 Hz -1 ) for PDDA-IONPs system indicated a more flexible adsorbed films had been constructed by single polyelectrolyte layer than the PDDA-PSS-PDDA-IONPs system (0.24×10 -6 Hz -1 ).
    keywords: ionps; layer; nanocomposite; pdda; polyelectrolyte; pss; silica; structure; surface; water
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        item: #6379 of 7527
          id: cet-4657
      author: None
       title: cet-4657
        date: 2015-10-04
       words: 2973
      flesch: 45
     summary: Purification factor (PF) was defined as the ratio of top phase PHA concentration to the overall PHA concentration using: PF = (Top Phase PHA Concentration)/(Overall PHA Concentration) (4) 2.4 Optimisation Model Optimization of parameters pH and salt addition concentration was done through the application of software called Design Expert™. The optimum result obtained in this study is PHA concentration and recovery yield of 0.139 g/L and 65 % using ATPS of polyethylene glycol 8,000/sodium sulphate with conditions of pH 6 and addition of 0.5M NaCl.
    keywords: addition; atps; concentration; design; partitioning; phase; purification; recovery; salt
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        item: #6380 of 7527
          id: cet-4658
      author: sara
       title: Format And Type Fonts
        date: 2015-10-04
       words: 3771
      flesch: 43
     summary: The production of citric acid using fungi is already renowned, but the continuously growing demand for citric acid urged more studies on the optimisation of citric acid production. A publication of The Italian Association of Chemical Engineering www.aidic.it/cet Guest Editors: Petar Sabev Varbanov, Jiří Jaromír Klemeš, Sharifah Rafidah Wan Alwi, Jun Yow Yong, Xia Liu Copyright © 2015, AIDIC Servizi S.r.l., ISBN 978-88-95608-36-5; ISSN 2283-9216 DOI:10.3303/CET1545251 Please cite this article as: Lee S.Y., Zakry F.A.A., Show P.L., 2015, Optimisation of citric acid production from a novel strain of aspergillus niger by submerged fermentation, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 45, 1501-1506 DOI:10.3303/CET1545251 1501 Optimisation of Citric Acid Production from a Novel Strain of Aspergillus niger by Submerged Fermentation Sze Ying Lee a , Fitri Abdul Aziz Zakry b , Pau Loke Show* a a Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Nottingham Malaysia Campus, Jalan Broga, Semenyih 43500, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia.
    keywords: acid; concentration; fermentation; initial; medium; niger; production; sugar
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        item: #6381 of 7527
          id: cet-4659
      author: sara
       title: Format And Type Fonts
        date: 2015-10-04
       words: 3676
      flesch: 38
     summary: Data analysis proved that both activation temperatures and types of starting materials were significant in producing activated carbons intended for CO2 capture, since p-value was < 0.05. However, energy penalty and associated environmental problems caused by amine consumptions causes the researchers to shift to other technologies (Saiwan et al., 2013), such as adsorption by activated carbons that will be the focus point in this work.
    keywords: activation; adsorption; analysis; anova; carbon; co2; min; rate; temperature
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        item: #6382 of 7527
          id: cet-466
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-466
        date: 2018-07-19
       words: 4444
      flesch: 47
     summary: The purpose of this article is to analyze the mutual exchange of materials that occur among a steelmaking plant, vendors, and other business partners in a network of industrial companies. The purpose of this article is to analyze the mutual exchange of materials that occur among a steelmaking plant, vendors, and other business partners in a network of industrial companies.
    keywords: companies; cost; journal; network; sludge; study; symbiosis; zinc
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        item: #6383 of 7527
          id: cet-4660
      author: None
       title: cet-4660
        date: 2015-10-08
       words: 3432
      flesch: 52
     summary: This study reports under optimised condition, fatty acids yield was significantly increased and this also showed the potential of Jatropha Curcas oil as feedstock for fatty acids production. 3.2 Analysis of Regression model and Statistical Analysis of variance (ANOVA) for fatty acid yield was used in order to check the adequacy of the empirical model and the results were summarized in Table 2.
    keywords: acids; catalyst; concentration; ffa; hydrolysis; microwave; oil; ratio; solvent; temperature; yield
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        item: #6384 of 7527
          id: cet-4661
      author: sara
       title: Format And Type Fonts
        date: 2015-10-04
       words: 3357
      flesch: 62
     summary: The water is either sourced from river via water treatment plant (WTP) and/or freshwater from local authorities. A publication of The Italian Association of Chemical Engineering www.aidic.it/cet Guest Editors: Petar Sabev Varbanov, Jiří Jaromír Klemeš, Sharifah Rafidah Wan Alwi, Jun Yow Yong, Xia Liu Copyright © 2015, AIDIC Servizi S.r.l., ISBN 978-88-95608-36-5; ISSN 2283-9216 DOI:10.3303/CET1545254 Please cite this article as: Wan Y.K., Ng D.K.S., 2015, Synthesis and optimisation of total water network via material flow cost accounting (MFCA)-based approach, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 45, 1519-1524 DOI:10.3303/CET1545254 1519 Synthesis and Optimisation of Total Water Network via Material Flow Cost Accounting (MFCA)-Based Approach Yoke Kin Wan a,b , Denny K. S. Ng* a a Department of Chemical & Environmental Engineering, The University of Nottingham, Malaysia Campus, Broga Road, 43500 Semenyih Selangor, Malaysia b Crop for the Future Research Centre, The University of Nottingham, Malaysia Campus, Broga Road, 43500 Semenyih Selangor, Malaysia Denny.Ng@nottingham.edu.my Material flow cost accounting (MFCA)-based approach which incorporated prioritisation concept of waste recovery to synthesise and optimise a total water network is presented in this work.
    keywords: cost; flowrate; process; rec; treatment; unit; water
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        item: #6385 of 7527
          id: cet-4662
      author: sara
       title: Format And Type Fonts
        date: 2015-10-04
       words: 3314
      flesch: 49
     summary: Some attention has been paid to the potential applications of carbohydrates due to their ability in value-added conversions (Kubik et al., 1996) and the growth of research on this field has been noticed in the past few years (James et al., 2010). 1526 Protic ionic liquids were used as biomass pretreatment for the production of ethanol (Enio de Azevedo Rocha et al., 2014).
    keywords: acid; biomass; hydrogen; lttms; materials; solubility; solvents; temperature; water
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        item: #6386 of 7527
          id: cet-4663
      author: sara
       title: Format And Type Fonts
        date: 2015-10-04
       words: 4736
      flesch: 47
     summary: A publication of The Italian Association of Chemical Engineering www.aidic.it/cet Guest Editors: Petar Sabev Varbanov, Jiří Jaromír Klemeš, Sharifah Rafidah Wan Alwi, Jun Yow Yong, Xia Liu Copyright © 2015, AIDIC Servizi S.r.l., ISBN 978-88-95608-36-5; ISSN 2283-9216 DOI:10.3303/CET1545256 Please cite this article as: Tan Y.Y., Tang F.E., Saptoro A., Khor E.H., 2015, Septage treatment using vertical-flow engineered wetland: a critical review, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 45, 1531-1536 DOI:10.3303/CET1545256 1531 Septage Treatment Using Vertical-Flow Engineered Wetland: This paper presents a critical review on the state-of-the art of septage treatment using vertical-flow engineered wetland with regards to their characteristics and operation.
    keywords: efficiency; septage; slr; sludge; stage; substrate; system; treatment; vfew; wetland
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        item: #6387 of 7527
          id: cet-4664
      author: sara
       title: Format And Type Fonts
        date: 2015-10-04
       words: 3245
      flesch: 42
     summary: Before large-scale deployment of CO2 sequestration can commence, a framework is needed to aid the selection of promising CO2 storage sites with characteristics suitable for long term storage. There are 14 sedimentary basins all around Malaysia that has been identified as potential CO2 storage.
    keywords: basins; co2; criteria; evaluation; malaysia; potential; sequestration; storage
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        item: #6388 of 7527
          id: cet-4665
      author: sara
       title: Format And Type Fonts
        date: 2015-10-04
       words: 3604
      flesch: 48
     summary: In conclusion, as the pyrolysis temperature increases, the bio char yield decreases with significant trend, leaving high pyrolysis oil yield and low quantity of char residue. The nitrogen gas flow rate and heating rate are kept constant at 60 mL/min and 20 °C/min. Comprehensive evaluation of the catalyst performances in term of pyrolysis oil yields are performed at various reaction temperatures and catalyst loadings in thermal pyrolysis of OPF.
    keywords: bio; biomass; catalyst; char; gnf; oil; opf; pyrolysis; temperature; wt%; yield
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        item: #6389 of 7527
          id: cet-4666
      author: Suhana
       title: Format And Type Fonts
        date: 2015-10-04
       words: 3835
      flesch: 48
     summary: The diameter of the stack is 7.3 m. Table 1: Description of the CFPP Type of coal Non-local coal, sub-bituminous CFPP capacity (MW) Total amount of coal burn per day ( Malaysia Atomic Energy Licensing (Radioactive Waste Management) Regulations, 2011, Atomic Energy Licensing Board, <www.aelb.gov.my>, accessed 04.11.2013. Nisnevich M., Sirotin G., Schlesinger T., Eshel Y., 2008, Radiological safety aspects of utilizing coal ashes for production of lightweight concrete, Fuel, 87,1610–1616.
    keywords: ashes; coal; concentration; radioactivity; radionuclides
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        item: #6390 of 7527
          id: cet-4667
      author: sara
       title: Format And Type Fonts
        date: 2015-10-04
       words: 3247
      flesch: 42
     summary: A publication of The Italian Association of Chemical Engineering www.aidic.it/cet Guest Editors: Petar Sabev Varbanov, Jiří Jaromír Klemeš, Sharifah Rafidah Wan Alwi, Jun Yow Yong, Xia Liu Copyright © 2015, AIDIC Servizi S.r.l., ISBN 978-88-95608-36-5; ISSN 2283-9216 DOI:10.3303/CET1545260 Please cite this article as: Nguyen L.H., Chong N.M., 2015, Energy profiles of activated sludge degradation of a xenobiotic compound, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 45, 1555-1560 DOI:10.3303/CET1545260 1555 Energy Profiles of Activated Sludge Degradation of a Xenobiotic Compound Lan H. Nguyen*, Nyuk M. Chong Department of Environmental Enginnering, DaYeh University, 168 University Road, Dacun, Changhua, 51591 Taiwan lanhuongph_2@yahoo.com.vn Stable structure of xenobiotic requires a large amount of energy for the microorganisms to metabolize. Activated sludge degradation reactions of 2,4-D were performed with the sole feed of 2,4-D, and sucrose and/or peptone added to the 2,4-D degradation reactions to serve as external energy supply to the metabolism of the xenobiotic.
    keywords: 2,4; atp; cells; degradation; energy; sludge; sucrose; xenobiotic
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        item: #6391 of 7527
          id: cet-4668
      author: sara
       title: Format And Type Fonts
        date: 2015-10-08
       words: 3016
      flesch: 47
     summary: Table 2: Emission concentrations of Hg and dioxins/furans from the existing and the proposed air pollution control (APC) strategies Pollutant Existing APC strategy Proposed APC strategy Limits as per CAR 2014 Mercury (Hg) (mg/Nm 3 ) 0.01 0.001 0.03 Dioxins/furans (ng I- TEQ/Nm 3 ) 0.01 0.001 0.1 CAR 2014 – Environmental Quality (Clean Air) Regulations 2014 3.2 Ambient concentrations of pollutants from the existing and the proposed APC strategies The predicted maximum ambient concentrations of Hg and dioxins/furans obtained from AERMOD modelling for the two APC strategies are shown in Table 3 and 4. 3.3 Economic aspects of APC strategies Qualitative economic evaluation of both APC strategies indicates that the proposed APC strategy costs higher than the existing APC strategy.
    keywords: air; ambient; apc; coal; dioxins; emission; furans
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        item: #6392 of 7527
          id: cet-4669
      author: sara
       title: Format And Type Fonts
        date: 2015-10-04
       words: 3203
      flesch: 56
     summary: To date, there is no work reported addressing IL mixture design problem, using either mathematical programming or visual approach. The significance of this approach is that IL mixture design problems, which can be described by three or more properties, are analysed visually on a ternary diagram and provide useful insights to user.
    keywords: approach; co2; design; ils; mixture; mol; properties; property
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        item: #6393 of 7527
          id: cet-467
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-467
        date: 2018-07-19
       words: 3663
      flesch: 49
     summary: After seven weeks of evaluation of composting processes, it was found that the two final products comply with Standard legislation (NTC-5167). 0.53±0.01 0.55±0.01 Report if >1% C/N ratio 10.7 9.71 - Temperature (°C) 30 27 - Respirometry (mg/CO2) 0.14±0.04 0.11±0.09 - Enterobacteriaceae (CFU/g) 30±0.04 12±0.00 < 1,000 O2 (%) 0.47 0.37 - 3.2 Selected models and fitting of kinetic parameters Experimental data from composting process in site 1 and site 2 were used to test the selected equations as a representative of first-order models shown in Table 1.
    keywords: composting; kinetic; process; 𝐸𝐶 𝑇; 𝑀𝑐 𝑇; 𝑂2 𝑇
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        item: #6394 of 7527
          id: cet-4670
      author: LIYANA
       title: cet-4670
        date: 2015-10-08
       words: 3570
      flesch: 39
     summary: Figure 3: XRD images for raw Jatropha seed cake (A) and ultrasonic reactive extracted Jatropha seed cake (B) 4. The physical properties of raw Jatropha seed sample and ultrasonic extracted sample were characterized by Scanning Electron Microscopy, SEM (JEOL JSM-6360 LA) employed in Institute of Oceanography (INOS), University Malaysia Terengganu.
    keywords: cake; cellulose; extraction; jatropha; lignin; process; seed; ultrasonic
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        item: #6395 of 7527
          id: cet-4671
      author: sara
       title: Format And Type Fonts
        date: 2015-10-04
       words: 3491
      flesch: 42
     summary: The method shows that the resilience of the bioenergy park is influenced by the recovery time of bioenergy plants and their degree of connectivity within the network. In this work, a disruption resilience framework is proposed to analyze the recovery of bioenergy plants in an MMBS.
    keywords: bioenergy; component; disruption; mmbs; plant; recovery; resilience; time
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        item: #6396 of 7527
          id: cet-4672
      author: zulfa89
       title: cet-4672
        date: 2015-10-20
       words: 2993
      flesch: 46
     summary: Biogas production of cow manure was investigated using two anaerobic reactors (R1 and R2) in batch mode. Reactor R1 (controlled) was operated using cow manure as the sole substrate and reactor R2 consist of cow manure and mixed fungal, as inoculum.
    keywords: biogas; cow; manure; production; reactor; treatment
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        item: #6397 of 7527
          id: cet-4673
      author: sara
       title: Format And Type Fonts
        date: 2015-10-04
       words: 2701
      flesch: 57
     summary: The objective of the current work is to develop an analytical methodology for integrating MEE with background process for given effect temperatures to minimize the energy consumption of the entire plant. Background GCC 1595 Procedure for optimally integrating the background process with MEE for given effect temperature is also discussed.
    keywords: background; effect; energy; mee; process; requirement
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        item: #6398 of 7527
          id: cet-4674
      author: sara
       title: Format And Type Fonts
        date: 2015-10-04
       words: 3547
      flesch: 58
     summary: Cau and Cocco (2014) compared the thermodynamic performances of thermal oil based PTC and LFR plants using ORC and reported that PTC based plant gives about 35 - 38 % higher electricity output compared to LFR based plant. This is mainly because of very low saturated turbine efficiency, which is used in LFR based plant.
    keywords: csp; cycle; efficiency; field; lfr; orc; plants; power; ptc; solar
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        item: #6399 of 7527
          id: cet-4675
      author: sara
       title: Format And Type Fonts
        date: 2015-10-04
       words: 2836
      flesch: 61
     summary: It then allows for calculating the quantity of existing power plants to be retro-fitted. This interdependency between two energy sources (the CCS unit, and existing power plant) had to be taken into account.
    keywords: emission; energy; factor; plants; power
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        item: #6400 of 7527
          id: cet-4676
      author: sara
       title: Format And Type Fonts
        date: 2015-10-04
       words: 3904
      flesch: 53
     summary: Kulkarni G.N., Kedare S.B., Bandyopadhyay S., 2008, Design of solar thermal systems utilizing pressurized hot water storage for industrial applications, Sol. Energy, 82, 686–699. The comparative analysis of PVT system with the battery excess energy dumped into the storage tank or use of an auxiliary heater for the domestic hot water system are carried out in this paper.
    keywords: battery; collector; design; energy; load; pvt; space; storage; system; tank
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        item: #6401 of 7527
          id: cet-4677
      author: None
       title: cet-4677
        date: 2015-10-04
       words: 2800
      flesch: 53
     summary: CCS operations are highly dependent on the 3 critical success factors on CO2 capture, CO2 transport and CO2 storage. Both CO2 capture and CO2 storage involves technology selection, R&D maturation and large scale deployment which is widely discussed today as compared to CO2 transport.
    keywords: co2; eor; oil; operations; packing; pipeline; strip
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        item: #6402 of 7527
          id: cet-4678
      author: sara
       title: Format And Type Fonts
        date: 2015-10-04
       words: 4141
      flesch: 53
     summary: Rahman M., Heikkila A.-M., Hurme M., 2005, Comparison of inherent safety indices in process concept evaluation, J. Loss Prevent. An alternate concept known as inherent safety design aims to eliminate or minimize the hazards present in the plant through the introduction of inherent safety principles into process design.
    keywords: chemical; design; health; index; indexes; molecule; process; properties; property; safety; value
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        item: #6403 of 7527
          id: cet-4679
      author: sara
       title: Format And Type Fonts
        date: 2015-10-04
       words: 3497
      flesch: 45
     summary: Process Unit Cost-capacity Function ($) Energy Requirement (MJ/kg dry biomass) Other Information References Raceway Pond 51,200x 0.6 5.63×10 -5 Centrifuge 59,500x 0.49 2.15 95 % recovery Safi et al., 2014 Microfilter 412,000x 0.68 0.685 100 % recovery Danquah et al., 2009 Bead Mill 364,000x 0.74 23.1 96 % algal oil increase Doucha and Livansky, 2008; Halim et al., 2012b High-Pressure Homogenizer 2,740x 0.6 529 405 % algal oil increase Oven Dryer 331x 0.42 7.53 MJ/kg H2O evaporated 6.4 % less algal oil per 10 % increase in moisture Genskow et al., 2008 Solar Dryer 3,540x 0.6 0 Extraction Vessel 153x 0.42 2.462 Dassey et al., 2014 Transesterification 4840x 0.54 1631 Figure 2: Flowchart of Optimal Integrated Algal Bioenergy System 5. The technology required for production of microalgal biomass is already sufficient (Chisti, 2007), although exclusive production of biodiesel may be economically infeasible (Pinzon et al., 2014).
    keywords: algal; algorithm; ars; biomass; energy; luus; optimization; process; search; system
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        item: #6404 of 7527
          id: cet-468
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-468
        date: 2018-07-19
       words: 3863
      flesch: 44
     summary: Co-firing biomass with coal is an attractive alternative because it is an immediate and practical way to reduce coal usage and harmful emissions, requiring only minor modifications to the power plant. Changes in biomass properties along a biomass supply chain, specifically during storage, transport, and pre-treatment, must be considered to accurately determine feedstock amounts to source, transport, and use to satisfy energy demand.
    keywords: biomass; coal; content; emissions; model; power; pre; treatment
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        item: #6405 of 7527
          id: cet-4680
      author: sara
       title: Format And Type Fonts
        date: 2015-10-04
       words: 3475
      flesch: 54
     summary: (1) Shrinkage of oil palm mesocarp, S, was calculated according to Eq. Zheng X., Wang Y., Liu C., Sun J., Liu B., Zhang B., Lin Z., Sun Y., Liu H., 2013, Microwave energy absorption behavior of foamed berry puree under microwave drying conditions, Drying Technology, 31, 785-794.
    keywords: content; drying; mesocarp; microwave; moisture; oil; palm; process; treatment
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        item: #6406 of 7527
          id: cet-4681
      author: sara
       title: Format And Type Fonts
        date: 2015-10-04
       words: 3366
      flesch: 47
     summary: In term of nitrogen flow rate, the maximum liquid bio-oil and bio-char was obtained at the highest flow rate of 100 mL. Table 3: Average S/N ratio of bio-oil yields at each factor and level Factors Levels S/N Average Range Rank Catalysis Loading (wt%) 1.5 32.4 4.7 4 3.25 27.7 5 31.6 Temperature ( ) 300 26.9 6.2 2 400 31.8 500 33.1 Nitrogen Flow Rate (mL/min) 60 30.9 5.3 3 80 27.7 100 33.1 Particle Size (µm) 100 20.9 11.8 1 250 32.8 500 27.2 Table 4: Average S/N ratio of solid yields at each factor and level Factors Levels S/N Average Range Rank Catalysis Loading (wt%) 1.5 -32.11 2.9 1 3.25 -31.57 5 -31.50 Temperature (°C) 300 -29.10 2.1 3 400 -31.93 500 -25.39 Nitrogen Flow Rate (mL/min) In order to evaluate the significance of each individual factor on product yields, the average S/N ratio for each factor f at level j is computed for each factor level as shown in Eq (4): 3 at level j factor i values for Sum of S/N N S  (4) 3.
    keywords: bio; char; flow; nitrogen; oil; particle; temperature; yield
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        item: #6407 of 7527
          id: cet-4682
      author: sara
       title: Format And Type Fonts
        date: 2015-10-04
       words: 2682
      flesch: 44
     summary: During hydrogen production process, aqueous samples were collected at regular interval (24 h). Comparisons of biological process of hydrogen production are listed in Table 1.
    keywords: crude; dark; fermentation; glycerol; hydrogen; microorganisms; production
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        item: #6408 of 7527
          id: cet-4683
      author: sara
       title: Format And Type Fonts
        date: 2015-10-04
       words: 3186
      flesch: 53
     summary: The cost RCk,k’ as described in Eq.(11) accounts for the cumulative flow that sinks j in plant k receive from sources i in plant k’ and also the cumulative flow rate that sources i in plant k export to sinks j in plant k’ UrHyFFRC k kk k Jj Ii ji Ii Jj jikk )( ' ,,',      ', kkk  (13) where Ur is the unit cost of reused water.  ' ', k kkk RCTRC ', kkk  (11)   ' ', ' ', k kk k kkk PCRPCETPC ', kkk  (12) where Uw is the unit cost of return stream, Hy is the yearly operating time, Uchw is the unit cost of fresh chilled water, Ucw is the unit cost of fresh cooling water, RCk,k’ is the cost associated with reused streams in plant k, PCEk,k’ is the cross-plant piping cost of plant k as source exporter for plant k’, and PCRk,k’ is the cross-plant piping cost of plant k as source receiver from plant k’.
    keywords: criteria; eip; game; network; plant; process; score; water
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        item: #6409 of 7527
          id: cet-4684
      author: sara
       title: Format And Type Fonts
        date: 2015-10-04
       words: 2825
      flesch: 53
     summary: A publication of The Italian Association of Chemical Engineering www.aidic.it/cet Guest Editors: Petar Sabev Varbanov, Jiří Jaromír Klemeš, Sharifah Rafidah Wan Alwi, Jun Yow Yong, Xia Liu Copyright © 2015, AIDIC Servizi S.r.l., ISBN 978-88-95608-36-5; ISSN 2283-9216 DOI:10.3303/CET1545277 Please cite this article as: Andiappan V., Tan R.R., Ng D.K.S., 2015, Systematic allocation of cost savings among energy systems in an eco-industrial park, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 45, 1657-1662 DOI:10.3303/CET1545277 1657 Systematic Allocation of Cost Savings among Energy Systems in an Eco-Industrial Park Viknesh Andiappan a , Raymond R. Tan b , Denny K. S. Ng* a a Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering/Centre of Sustainable Palm Oil Research, The University of Nottingham, Malaysia Campus, Broga Road, Semenyih 43500, Malaysia b Chemical Engineering Department, De La Salle University, 2401Taft Avenue, Manila, Philippines Denny.Ng@nottingham.edu.my To achieve sustainability goals, various strategies have been used which include symbiotic strategies with other companies. As such, this objective of this work presents a systematic approach to determine the fair allocation of cost savings among participating facilities within an EIP. 3.
    keywords: cooperative; cost; eip; energy; palm; power; savings; water
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        item: #6410 of 7527
          id: cet-4685
      author: sara
       title: Format And Type Fonts
        date: 2015-10-08
       words: 3779
      flesch: 44
     summary: The aim was to convince consumers to buy and manufacturers to produce energy efficient appliances. The label contains the information about energy rating, appliance type, appliance energy rating, energy consumption, energy savings compared to the lowest 2-Star rated product, and testing standards used.
    keywords: appliances; efficiency; energy; labelling; malaysia; program; s&l; standards
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        item: #6411 of 7527
          id: cet-4686
      author: None
       title: cet-4686
        date: 2015-10-06
       words: 3653
      flesch: 45
     summary: Conclusions The paper serves as a reference for 3D printing processes, covering the reviews on 3D printing filaments, 3D printers, online community repositories and sustainability-related research. Finally, a standard certification system for 3D printing filaments is also crucial to improve extrusion and 3D printing processes using shredded recycled plastics.
    keywords: 2014; 3d printing; cradle; filaments; materials; plastic; printers; printing; products; recycling; waste
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        item: #6412 of 7527
          id: cet-4687
      author: None
       title: cet-4687
        date: 2015-10-04
       words: 3423
      flesch: 47
     summary: Table 1: Effect of mode of autoclave on lipase production at constant temperature (37 °C), incubation time (24 h) and pH of fermentation medium (pH 6.0) Mode of Autoclave Lipase Production (U/mL) Mixed 0.07 ± 0.01 Separate 0.03 ± 0.004 3.2 Effect of agitation speed Figure 1 shows the results obtained for the effect of agitation on lipase production. Figure 1: Effect of agitation on lipase production at constant temperature (37 °C), incubation time (72 h) and pH of fermentation medium (pH 6.0) 1678 3.3 Effect of incubation time Incubation time is the most important parameters that would significantly affect the overall production performance.
    keywords: agitation; effect; fermentation; lipase; production; time
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        item: #6413 of 7527
          id: cet-4688
      author: sara
       title: Format And Type Fonts
        date: 2015-10-04
       words: 2705
      flesch: 56
     summary: Pyrolysis processes can be categorized into slow pyrolysis, fast pyrolysis and flash pyrolysis. Table 1: Range of main operating parameters for pyrolysis process (Maschio et al., 1992)
    keywords: biomass; data; durian; energy; loss; model; process; pyrolysis; weight
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        item: #6414 of 7527
          id: cet-4689
      author: sara
       title: Format And Type Fonts
        date: 2015-10-04
       words: 3481
      flesch: 51
     summary: The current mode of landfill design and operation, allows landfill gases to be recovered from the solid waste matrix via gas vents and only about 50 % of the total theoretical gas volume is being recovered from the actual generated volume of landfill gas, due to escape of landfill gases from leachate pipes, landfill covers, gas venting systems and from the surface of leachate ponds (Spokas et al., 2006). A publication of The Italian Association of Chemical Engineering www.aidic.it/cet Guest Editors: Petar Sabev Varbanov, Jiří Jaromír Klemeš, Sharifah Rafidah Wan Alwi, Jun Yow Yong, Xia Liu Copyright © 2015, AIDIC Servizi S.r.l., ISBN 978-88-95608-36-5; ISSN 2283-9216 DOI:10.3303/CET1545282 Please cite this article as: Olisa E., Sapari N., Malakahmad A., Orji K.U., Riahi A., 2015, Detection of landfill gas in leachate pipe and pond of a semi-aerobic landfill, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 45, 1687-1692 DOI:10.3303/CET1545282 1687 Detection of Landfill Gas in Leachate Pipe and Pond of a Semi-Aerobic Landfill Emmanuel Olisa*, Nasiman Sapari, Amirhossein Malakahmad, Kalu Uka Orji, Ali Riahi Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, 32610 Bandar Seri Iskandar Perak Darul Ridzuan, Malaysia emidear2003@yahoo.com Landfills provide very simple and affordable means of solid waste disposal, hence they are widely accepted and adopted as means for disposing off solid waste.
    keywords: collection; gas; landfill; leachate; methane; pipe; pond; values
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        item: #6415 of 7527
          id: cet-469
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-469
        date: 2018-07-19
       words: 3784
      flesch: 36
     summary: As different stages of oil palm biomass industry are associated with different economic, environmental and social factors, the model is structured based on stages of palm oil biomass industry to understand the priority of sustainability indicators on individual stages and as an overall industry. The sustainability index can act as a framework for the assessment of palm oil industry to improve overall economic, environmental and social performance.
    keywords: elements; index; indicators; industry; level; oil; palm; priority; process; sustainability
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        item: #6416 of 7527
          id: cet-4690
      author: sara
       title: Format And Type Fonts
        date: 2015-10-04
       words: 4091
      flesch: 36
     summary: Process synthesis is one of the most important activities in chemical process design. A publication of The Italian Association of Chemical Engineering www.aidic.it/cet Guest Editors: Petar Sabev Varbanov, Jiří Jaromír Klemeš, Sharifah Rafidah Wan Alwi, Jun Yow Yong, Xia Liu Copyright © 2015, AIDIC Servizi S.r.l., ISBN 978-88-95608-36-5; ISSN 2283-9216 DOI:10.3303/CET1545283 Please cite this article as: Goh W.S., Ng D.K.S., 2015, Hierarchical decomposition approach for process synthesis of integrated biorefinery, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 45, 1693-1698 DOI:10.3303/CET1545283 1693 Hierarchical Decomposition Approach for Process Synthesis of Integrated Biorefinery Wui Seng Goh, Denny K. S. Ng* Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering/ Centre of Excellence for Green Technologies, The University of Nottingham Malaysia, Broga Road, 43500, Semenyih, Selangor, Malaysia Denny.Ng@nottingham.edu.my
    keywords: approach; biomass; biorefinery; chemical; design; flowsheet; level; process; synthesis; system
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        item: #6417 of 7527
          id: cet-4691
      author: sara
       title: Format And Type Fonts
        date: 2015-10-05
       words: 3570
      flesch: 53
     summary: Although the ESPs unit installed in medical waste incinerator is generally smaller in size than that in municipal solid waste (MSW) incinerator, the installation cost incurred is higher because of the complexity of the installation. Meanwhile Tsuji and Shiraishi (1996) pointed out that apart from using limestone only to remove heavy metals, several pilot tests have shown that activated carbon can also be used in addition, to control mercury emission from medical waste incinerators.
    keywords: air; ash; fly; incinerator; plant; study; tes; waste
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        item: #6418 of 7527
          id: cet-4692
      author: sara
       title: Format And Type Fonts
        date: 2015-10-04
       words: 2629
      flesch: 47
     summary: Due to these intriguing properties, NCC has gained significant attention as additives for coatings and paints (Coccia et al., 2014) as well as a reinforcing nanofiller in nanocomposites (Lu and Hsieh, 2012). Based on the previous studies, NCC isolated from maize straw show average length of 388 ± 43 nm (Rehman et al., 2014), hemp and flax with 580 nm and 400 nm respectively (Mondragon et al., 2014), hence, the current obtained readings fit within the defined range.
    keywords: cellulose; efb; et al; ftir; ncc; particle; size
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        item: #6419 of 7527
          id: cet-4693
      author: sara
       title: Format And Type Fonts
        date: 2015-10-04
       words: 2673
      flesch: 49
     summary: The applied accelerating voltage was 15.0 kV. 1713 2.6 Crystals Violet (CV) dye adsorption Ultrasonicated CS and DS samples with desired particle size distribution were dried again in the oven at 90 °C for 24 h.15 mL of 10 ppm working crystals violet (CV) solution was added into vials containing dried eggshells powder. Comparing the data in both Tables 1 and 2, samples without DCM treatment [X-DCM] have shown lower Z-Avg and PdI values in both CS and DS samples.
    keywords: avg; calcium; dcm; dye; pdi; removal
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        item: #6420 of 7527
          id: cet-4694
      author: sara
       title: Format And Type Fonts
        date: 2015-09-25
       words: 4258
      flesch: 40
     summary: A publication of The Italian Association of Chemical Engineering www.aidic.it/cet Guest Editors: Petar Sabev Varbanov, Jiří Jaromír Klemeš, Sharifah Rafidah Wan Alwi, Jun Yow Yong, Xia Liu Copyright © 2015, AIDIC Servizi S.r.l., ISBN 978-88-95608-36-5; ISSN 2283-9216 DOI: 10.3303/CET1545287 Please cite this article as: Varbanov P.S., Lam H.L., Nemet A., 2015, Professor Dr Jiří Jaromír Klemeš: Celebration of the Jubilee in Science and Engineering, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 45, 1717-1722 DOI:10.3303/CET1545287 1717 Professor Dr Jiří Jaromír Klemeš: Celebration of the Jubilee in Science and Engineering Petar Sabev Varbanov* ,a , Hon Loong Lam b , Andreja Nemet a a Centre for Process Integration and Intensification – CPI 2 , MÜKKI, FIT, University of Pannonia b The University of Nottingham Malaysia Campus, Centre of Excellence for Green Technologies, Jalan Broga, Semenyih, 43500 Selangor, Malaysia. Following the spontaneous decision of the friends within the Process Integration community, the current Jubilee Part of the Chemical Engineering Transactions (CET) Vol. 45 has been created, to celebrate the scientific achievements and the personality of Professor Dr Jiří Jaromír Klemeš.
    keywords: analysis; batch; chemical; design; doi; engineering; heat; indicators; integration; klemeš; process; prof; transactions; university
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        item: #6421 of 7527
          id: cet-4695
      author: sara
       title: Format And Type Fonts
        date: 2015-09-25
       words: 3560
      flesch: 47
     summary: The more significant features of the framework are (Čuček and Kravanja, 2014): i) enabling the obtaining of existing, target and modified (proposed) HEN designs, ii) handling multiple utilities and production of intermediate utilities by including preheating when appropriate, iii) insights from Pinch Technology, iv) data independence, v) MILP form and therefore the globally-optimal solutions, vi) internal and Total Site Heat Integration under fixed and varying operational conditions, vii) possibility of analysing HENs of all scales, from few up to hundreds of heat exchange units. The obtained solutions under nominal and flexible conditions could be obtained in ‘real’ time even if the number of heat exchange units is large (e.g. they are hundreds of them).
    keywords: case; heat; modifications; retrofitting; total
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        item: #6422 of 7527
          id: cet-4696
      author: sara
       title: Format And Type Fonts
        date: 2015-09-25
       words: 2913
      flesch: 42
     summary: The 1EHT enhanced heat transfer tube developed by Vipertex, is a novel kind of tube that was developed by modifying surface geometries (i.e. creating a modified surface that is a combination of larger dimples and smaller petals) which can enhance the heat transfer coefficient on both the inside and outside surface of the tube; its details are shown in Figure 3. The 1EHT enhanced heat transfer tube is neither a classic ‘‘integral roughness’’ (little surface area increase) tube, nor an internally finned tube (surface area increase with no flow separation).
    keywords: enhancement; exchangers; figure; heat; increase; surface; transfer; tube
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        item: #6423 of 7527
          id: cet-4697
      author: sara
       title: Format And Type Fonts
        date: 2015-10-20
       words: 2308
      flesch: 50
     summary: A comparison of process dynamic behaviour and investigation of influence of process recycle loop parameters are carried out, applying simulation experiments on linear transfer function models. A comparison of process dynamic behaviour and investigation of influence of process recycle loop parameters is carried out, applying simulation experiments on linear transfer function models.
    keywords: figure; loop; process; recycle; system
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        item: #6424 of 7527
          id: cet-4698
      author: sara
       title: Format And Type Fonts
        date: 2015-09-25
       words: 3520
      flesch: 47
     summary: Beyond Heat Pinch Subsequent extensions of Pinch Analysis have since been developed using analogous quality indicators; in the same manner that mass Pinch Analysis is derived directly via analogies between heat and mass transfer. In this paper, past applications of Pinch Analysis are reviewed, and its further prospective extensions that may be developed, based on similar analogies, for non-conventional problem domains are discussed.
    keywords: analysis; chemical; design; energy; engineering; foo; mass; pinch; planning; process; systems; tan
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        item: #6425 of 7527
          id: cet-4699
      author: sara
       title: Format And Type Fonts
        date: 2015-10-08
       words: 2195
      flesch: 43
     summary: In this study, we investigate the concept of increasing cooling water flowrate for the coolers to which reused cooling water is fed. This reuse concept for cooling water can provide new debottlenecking options by effectively utilizing existing cooling tower.
    keywords: coolers; figure; network; study; temperature; water
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        item: #6426 of 7527
          id: cet-470
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-470
        date: 2018-07-19
       words: 3058
      flesch: 48
     summary: 1. Introduction Nitrate removal from urban wastewater (Stoller et al., 2014) and from contaminated groundwater represented a severe environmental issue (De Filippis et al., 2013) and various technologies, applied also in more complex liquid matrix (Ochando-Pulido et al., 2014) such as membrane processes (Ochando-Pulido and Stoller, 2015), AOPs (De Filippis et al., 2011), photocatalysis (Stoller et al., 2015), or a combination of these processes (Vuppala et al., 2017), have been successfully used to treat organic (Bavasso et al., 2016) and nitrogen- polluted wastewaters (Di Palma et al., 2018). References Bavasso I., Di Palma L., Petrucci E., 2016, Treatment of wastewater in H-Type MFC with protonic exchange membrane: experimental study of organic carbon and ammonium reduction with electrochemical characterization, Chem.
    keywords: core; diffusion; model; nitrate; nzvi; palma; reaction
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        item: #6427 of 7527
          id: cet-4700
      author: sara
       title: Format And Type Fonts
        date: 2015-10-20
       words: 3453
      flesch: 53
     summary: In this paper, a generalized problem definition for Pinch Analysis problems is mathematically analyzed and a rigorous methodology to solve this problem is discussed. A network representing the generalized Pinch Analysis problem is shown in Figure 1. Figure 1: Network representation of Pinch Analysis problem Before mathematical equations can be written for the generalized mathematical problem, it is important to define the condition of summability of flows and qualities.
    keywords: analysis; curve; flow; pinch; problem; quality; resource; waste
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        item: #6428 of 7527
          id: cet-4701
      author: sara
       title: Format And Type Fonts
        date: 2015-09-25
       words: 2580
      flesch: 71
     summary: f T               i HPS (10) , out in j j j j j CP j CP j j j j f f f           j CPS (11) , in out out in j j j j j j j CP j CP j j j upp y j s Bagajewicz, M., Rodera, H., 2002, Multiple plant heat integration in a total site.
    keywords: heat; j j; plant
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        item: #6429 of 7527
          id: cet-4702
      author: sara
       title: Format And Type Fonts
        date: 2015-09-25
       words: 3124
      flesch: 41
     summary: Biomass production potentials in Central and Eastern Europe are analyzed by Dam et al. Biomass production potentials in Central and Eastern Europe under different scenarios, Biomass and Bioenergy, 31, 345-366.
    keywords: biomass; biorefinery; chemicals; concentration; crops; energy; ethanol; lignocellulosic; processes; production; residues; separation
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        item: #6430 of 7527
          id: cet-4703
      author: sara
       title: Format And Type Fonts
        date: 2015-09-25
       words: 3318
      flesch: 47
     summary: Catalytic effect of ashes is considered too in the case of coal gasification. Therefore, this technology can be used not only for coal gasification, as in this case, but also for all chemical process in which there are acid gases, such as hydrodesulfuration.
    keywords: biomass; coal; gasification; model; process; ranzi; solid; syngas
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        item: #6431 of 7527
          id: cet-4704
      author: sara
       title: Format And Type Fonts
        date: 2015-10-08
       words: 3837
      flesch: 38
     summary: The parameters used in vector F as system performance indices include the ORC thermal efficiency (ηORC), the net generated power ( ), the volume ratio across the turbine (V Tr ), the mass flow rate of the working fluid ( ), the evaporator temperature glide ( Ev gl T ), calculated as the difference between the temperature at evaporator outlet and the corresponding bubble point temperature, the ORC total operating duration (top), and an irreversibility metric (Ir), calculated as the difference between the maximum power that can be extracted from a heat source at Ts and the net generated power. The proposed method is applied to 11 mixtures, which were previously identified to present increased energy and exergy performance in solar ORC systems.
    keywords: fluid; mixtures; orc; parameters; performance; sensitivity; system; variability; working
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        item: #6432 of 7527
          id: cet-4705
      author: sara
       title: Format And Type Fonts
        date: 2015-10-08
       words: 2575
      flesch: 56
     summary: Figure 1: Parity plot of simulated compared to experimental CO2 absorption degrees 4. A crucial evaluation criterion of CO2 absorption processes is the energy demand of the total absorption- desorption loop, which is primarily determined by the solvent regeneration in the desorber.
    keywords: absorption; co2; column; degree; gas; liquid; phase; power
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        item: #6433 of 7527
          id: cet-4706
      author: sara
       title: Format And Type Fonts
        date: 2015-09-25
       words: 3751
      flesch: 30
     summary: Sun F., Du W., Qi R., Qian F., Zhong W., 2013, A hybrid improved genetic algorithm and its application in dynamic optimization problems of chemical processes. This is presented as a powerful alternative to deterministic solution methods due to their simple concept, plain structure, and independence of gradient information.
    keywords: batch; decisions; design; deterministic; optimization; plant; problem; process; solution; stochastic; variables
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        item: #6434 of 7527
          id: cet-4707
      author: sara
       title: Format And Type Fonts
        date: 2015-09-25
       words: 3813
      flesch: 54
     summary: Among many different types of batch reactive distillation column configurations, conventional (CBRD) and middle vessel batch reactive distillation (MVBRD) columns are considered here for hydrolysis of methyl lactate and only CBRD is considered for an esterification of acetic acid and ethanol. Edreder et al. (2011) optimized production of lactic acid in batch reactive distillation using Measure 3.
    keywords: batch; case; column; distillation; product; ratio; reflux; time
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        item: #6435 of 7527
          id: cet-4708
      author: None
       title: cet-4708
        date: 2015-09-25
       words: 4225
      flesch: 25
     summary: Agenda 21 specifically called for the harmonization of efforts to develop sustainable development indicators (SDI) at the national, regional and global levels, including the incorporation of a suitable set of these indicators in common, regularly updated and widely accessible reports and databases. UN Conference on SD RIO+20 has called for expanded use of key environmental indicators that allow the measurement and monitoring of progress towards the environmental sustainability of selected product chains, building on a limited number of Life Cycle Assesment (LCA) based key environmental indicators with the involvement of potential and current decision makers in governments, private sector and the academia.
    keywords: assessment; chemical; commission; development; energy; environmental; european; gdp; indicators; iso; management; progress; sustainability; sustainable
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        item: #6436 of 7527
          id: cet-4709
      author: sara
       title: Format And Type Fonts
        date: 2015-09-25
       words: 4221
      flesch: 36
     summary: Consequently the number of publications presenting environmental impact measures to be applied in the process industry is rising quickly (e.g. Klemeš, 2015) as well as the provision of tools and methods to help engineers estimating the impact of their design (Bare, 2014). Guidelines for using environmental measures taking their normative basis into account The previous section made it clear that there is no way to avoid normative assumptions when evaluating human activities and in particular production systems ecologically.
    keywords: decisions; design; energy; evaluation; footprint; impact; material; measures; process
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        item: #6437 of 7527
          id: cet-471
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-471
        date: 2018-07-19
       words: 3509
      flesch: 47
     summary: Adsorptions through biomaterials are widely studied for metal ion removals. Hence, the further experiment of metal ion removal must be explored for real industrial wastewater using 400-K2CO3MSSH as an adsorbent.
    keywords: adsorption; ions; k2co3mssh; metal; pb(ii; removal; wastewater; zn(ii
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        item: #6438 of 7527
          id: cet-4710
      author: sara
       title: Format And Type Fonts
        date: 2015-10-04
       words: 2615
      flesch: 31
     summary: Nevertheless, the implementation of renewable energy technologies for the generation of electricity in situ in developing countries is presented as a solution for these people who do not have this service (Zerriff, 2010). For this purpose, the current solution: diesel engine and renewable energy technologies (photovoltaic, small hydropower, wind turbines, and biomass combustion) were considered.
    keywords: analysis; criteria; electricity; energy; figure; supply; values
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        item: #6439 of 7527
          id: cet-4711
      author: sara
       title: Format And Type Fonts
        date: 2015-10-04
       words: 2104
      flesch: 46
     summary: Ruiz Y., Cárdenas Y., Romero H., Kafarov V., 2012, Implementation of the synthesis and analysis methodology to microalgae harvesting stage for biodiesel production, Prospectiva. Results The purpose of developing a conceptual topology of a biorefinery from microalgae, given a schema for using the whole biomass to become in biofuels and valuable substances; is grounded on making contributions to the principal obstacle of renewable energy production, high production costs.
    keywords: biorefinery; energy; figure; microalgae; tgs
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        item: #6440 of 7527
          id: cet-4712
      author: sara
       title: Format And Type Fonts
        date: 2015-10-08
       words: 2676
      flesch: 56
     summary: Electricity selling price ($/y) 188,576,000 Operating and maintenance (O & M) cost (20 % of the electricity selling cost) ($/y) 37,715,200 Total operating cost (heating and cooling duties cost + cost of coal + O&M cost) ($/y) 85,378,826 Cost of additional heat exchanger area ($) - Total fixed cost (plant fixed cost + cost of additional heat exchanger area) 35,166,666 35,166,666 Net power of the existing IGCC plant (MW) 322 322 Electricity selling price ($/y) 188,576,000 188,576,000 Operating and maintenance (O & M) cost (20% of the electricity selling cost) ($/y) 37,715,200 37,715,200 Total operating cost (heating and cooling duties cost + cost of coal + O&M cost) ($/y) 85,378,826 84,048,626 Cost of additional heat exchanger area ($) - 890,181 Total fixed cost (plant fixed cost + cost of additional heat exchanger area) ($) 892,801,900 893,692,081 Plant life time (y) 10 10 Annualized fixed cost (total fixed cost / plant life time) ($/y) 89,280,190 89,369,208 Total annualized cost (total operating cost + annualized fixed cost) ($/y) 174,659,016 173,417,834 1830 Where ηt is thermal efficiency, Mfuel is the mass flow rate of fuel used such as coal (kg/s), LHVfuel is the lower heating value of the fuel used (MJ/kg) and Pnet is the net power output (MW).
    keywords: coal; cost; heat; igcc; plant
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        item: #6441 of 7527
          id: cet-4713
      author: sara
       title: Format And Type Fonts
        date: 2015-10-04
       words: 3083
      flesch: 46
     summary: In order to develop ANN model, the large number of inputs and outputs data needed were generated using validated Batchfrac model. The developed Batchfrac model was used to generate the inputs-outputs data for ANN model development.
    keywords: ann; composition; data; distillation; extrapolation; mimo2; model; process
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        item: #6442 of 7527
          id: cet-4714
      author: sara
       title: Format And Type Fonts
        date: 2015-10-04
       words: 2572
      flesch: 54
     summary: The function for heat exchangers capital cost (€/y) is: A700000,1invC  i k,w imkFF  , k=1 (9) 1839 Inlet and outlet temperatures for the superstructure: wiT1,cinT 1,hiTi,Tout N,hiTi,inT    (10) Hot process streams temperatures restrictions on every stage: 1k,coutiTk,coutiT k,cinTwiT k,coutiTk,cinT 1k,hiTk,hiT     (11) Logical constraints regarding temperature differences: k,izminTk,idthot k,izminTk,idtcold )k,iz1(ik,cinTk,hiTk,idthot )k,iz1(ik,coutiTk,hiTk,idtcold     (12)
    keywords: heat; hen; temperature; water
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        item: #6443 of 7527
          id: cet-4715
      author: sara
       title: Format And Type Fonts
        date: 2015-10-04
       words: 3889
      flesch: 44
     summary: Adding acid hydrolysis to steam explosion (SA) to produce bio-ethanol increases profitability and reduces environmental impact however the glucose flowrate from this flowsheet is low. These flowsheets are: – Steam explosion followed by acid hydrolysis (SA); – Steam explosion, delignification followed by acid hydrolysis (SDA); – Steam explosion followed by enzymatic hydrolysis (SE); – Steam explosion, delignification followed by enzymatic hydrolysis (SDE); – Acid pre-hydrolysis followed by acid hydrolysis (AA); – Acid pre-hydrolysis, delignification followed by acid hydrolysis (ADA); 1845 – Acid pre-hydrolysis followed by enzymatic hydrolysis (AE); – Acid pre-hydrolysis, delignification followed by enzymatic hydrolysis (ADE).
    keywords: acid; delignification; explosion; hydrolysis; impact; naoh; pre; production; steam; treatment
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        item: #6444 of 7527
          id: cet-4716
      author: sara
       title: Format And Type Fonts
        date: 2015-10-04
       words: 4036
      flesch: 56
     summary: This paper presents a new methodology for the synthesis of heat exchanger networks using detailed heat exchanger design models that takes into account the aforementioned design parameters. The objective function of network synthesis model presented in this study is modified through the use of detailed designs in order to provide it with more information regarding non- ideal behaviour of the actual individual exchanger designs.
    keywords: cost; exchanger; factors; heat; model; network; stream
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        item: #6445 of 7527
          id: cet-4717
      author: sara
       title: Format And Type Fonts
        date: 2015-10-04
       words: 3028
      flesch: 47
     summary: More ash content in biomass feedstock produces more char in pyrolysis (Choi et al., 2014). For example, R1 provides 88.6 % of biomass feedstock for Technology 1 at Plant 1 in Case A. Due to unforeseen circumstances where R1 generates 50 % less biomass as described in Case B, an alternative solution is proposed to utilise same biomass species of PS from R2 as substitution.
    keywords: biomass; case; chain; element; plant; process; supply; technology
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        item: #6446 of 7527
          id: cet-4718
      author: sara
       title: Format And Type Fonts
        date: 2015-10-04
       words: 2354
      flesch: 42
     summary:  (3) Apart from efficiency, energy density is another paramount index for energy storage systems. The influence of β and λ on system energy density is shown in Figure 2 (right).
    keywords: air; cahes; efficiency; energy; heat; storage; system
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        item: #6447 of 7527
          id: cet-4719
      author: sara
       title: Format And Type Fonts
        date: 2015-10-08
       words: 3689
      flesch: 50
     summary: For gas hydrate process, this condition is satisfied when operating condition be inside the gas hydrate region. Experiment apparatus, procedure and materials The main lacking of information on gas hydrate formation process is the absence of quantitative study of hydrodynamic parameters’ effect on kinetics of process.
    keywords: carbon; ch4; co2; dioxide; formation; gas; hydrate; phase; pressure; process; reactor; separation
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        item: #6448 of 7527
          id: cet-472
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-472
        date: 2018-07-19
       words: 3486
      flesch: 41
     summary: This was confirmed by the kinetic study of the thermal decomposition of straw pellets and crashed coal, which gives evidence of a faster thermal decomposition with the correlating release of combustible volatiles (CO, H2) at the thermal decomposition of straw pellets, with a pronounced difference in weight loss peaks for straw pellet and for crashed coal (Figure 1c, d). The experimental study involves joint measurements of the main fuel characteristics (elemental composition, heating values) along with the DTG and DTA analysis of straw and coal thermal decomposition, as well as measurements of the mixture weight loss rate (dm/dt), an FTIR spectral analysis of the composition of volatiles at the combustor inlet (Zhao et al., 2017), an analysis of the flue gas composition by Testo 350 and calorimetric measurements of the cooling water separately for the gasifier and for the combustor.
    keywords: chemical; coal; combustion; decomposition; heat; mass; mixture; straw
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        item: #6449 of 7527
          id: cet-4720
      author: sara
       title: Format And Type Fonts
        date: 2015-10-04
       words: 2742
      flesch: 38
     summary: The capability of this methodology is tested in designing minimum energy distillation column sequence for NGLs fractionation process, which consists of nine compounds (methane, ethane, propane, i-butane, n- butane, i-pentane, n-pentane, n-hexane, n-heptane) with eight direct sequence distillation columns. All 1878 of this findings show that the methodology is able to design minimum energy distillation column sequence for NGLs fractionation process in an easy, practical and systematic manner.
    keywords: distillation; driving; energy; force; fractionation; method; ngls; sequence
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        item: #6450 of 7527
          id: cet-4721
      author: User
       title: cet-4721
        date: 2015-10-08
       words: 3528
      flesch: 42
     summary: Consequently, buildings typically accounts for nearly 20 – 40 % of the total energy consumption in advanced countries (Juan et al., 2010) and up to 80 % of total building energy consumption during its operational life cycle (Ihm et al., 2009). Nikpour M., Kandar M.Z., Ghasemi M., Ghomeshi M., Safizadeh M.R., 2012, Heat transfer reduction using self shading strategy in energy commission building in Malaysia, Journal of Applied Sciences, 12(9), 897.
    keywords: building; criteria; emissions; energy; gbi; green; index; malaysia; nippon; paint; points; rating
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        item: #6451 of 7527
          id: cet-4722
      author: sara
       title: Format And Type Fonts
        date: 2015-10-04
       words: 3856
      flesch: 61
     summary: In year t, vehicle travelled km for m vehicle with f fuel VFEm,f,t,a In year t, fuel economy for m th vehicle with f th fuel registered in year a FCm,f,t,a In year t, annual fuel cost of m th vehicle with f th fuel registered in year a FPf,t In year t, the unit cost of f th fuel VACm,f,t,a In year t, annual acquisition cost of m th vehicle with f th fuel registered in year a AFRm,f,t,a In year t, equal share coefficient of annual acquisition cost for m th vehicle with f th fuel registered in year a i Discount rate OMCm,f,t,a In year t, single O&M cost of m vehicle with f th fuel registered in year a OMPRm,f,t,a In year t, the factor of O&M cost for singe m th vehicle with f fuel in year a ACOm,f,t,a In year t, the cost of single m th vehicle with f th fuel registered in year a ATC The accumulated cost over the planning horizon INCNRF Constrained parameters of annual vehicle production capacity FSGS,t FSDS,t FSNG,t In year t, constrained supply of gasoline In year t, constrained supply of diesel In year t, constrained supply of natural gas Considering private passenger vehicle increased rapidly while the other categories of passenger vehicle increased moderately, the method of GDP elasticity coefficient was employed to forecast private passenger vehicle population while that of linear extrapolation was employed to forecast the other categories of passenger vehicles:             1 1 1 1 t t t t t t t VP cap VP cap GDP cap GDP cap E VP cap GDP cap         (1) , m t m m t VP p g q cap         (2) app:ds:capital app:ds:letter 1888 , , , , , , , - exp m ak m t a m Methodology 2.1 Passenger vehicle classification In this study, passenger vehicles were classified into large-sized, middle-sized, and small-sized according to vehicle length (VL) and approved number (AN).
    keywords: china; cost; f t; fuel; m t; t t; vehicle; year t
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        item: #6452 of 7527
          id: cet-4723
      author: sara
       title: Format And Type Fonts
        date: 2015-10-05
       words: 3614
      flesch: 43
     summary: There are two main aspects of process integration, which are heat integration and mass integration. Besides that, the relationship between process integration and process optimization is another key point, which is essential to be mentioned.
    keywords: energy; gasification; heat; igcc; integration; optimization; plant; process; technology; turbine
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        item: #6453 of 7527
          id: cet-4724
      author: sara
       title: Format And Type Fonts
        date: 2015-10-04
       words: 3674
      flesch: 50
     summary: However, the success of this technology depends on preparation of stable sorbent with high CO2 adsorption capacity, low cost, easy to regenerate, high selectivity (Samanta et al., 2011). For effective preparation CO2 sorbent, high CO2 adsorption capacity is necessary for economically viable process (Shafeeyan et al., 2011).
    keywords: adsorption; carbon; co2; microwave; model; peek; power; preparation; response
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        item: #6454 of 7527
          id: cet-4725
      author: sara
       title: Format And Type Fonts
        date: 2015-10-04
       words: 2783
      flesch: 53
     summary: Siemanond K., Kosol S., 2012, Heat exchanger network retrofit by pinch design method using stage-model mathematical programming, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 29, 367-372. Sieniutycz S., Jeżowski J., 2009, Energy Optimization in Process Systems, Elsevier, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. It limits more feasible region than the original Synheat model did where the constraints in modified model are used to ensure that existing heat exchanger is used at once.
    keywords: area; cost; exchanger; heat; hen; model; retrofit
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        item: #6455 of 7527
          id: cet-4726
      author: sara
       title: Format And Type Fonts
        date: 2015-10-04
       words: 3042
      flesch: 48
     summary: 28.226±3 14.199±4 15.594±4 26.005±2 r2 0.9993 0.9995 0.9992 0.9990 0.9998 1912 a) 1 10 0.0028 0.003 0.0032 0.0034 0.0036 η l (P a · s ) 1/T (K-1) Triacetin - Tributyrin 20% 40% 60% 80% 0% 100% T ri a ce ti n b) 1 10 0.0028 0.003 0.0032 0.0034 0.0036 η l (P a · s ) 1/T (K-1) Tributyrin - Tripropionin 20% 40% 60% 80% 0% 100%T ri p ro p io n in c) 1 10 0.0028 0.003 0.0032 0.0034 0.0036 η l (P a · s ) 1/T (K-1) Triacetin - Tripropionin 20% 40% 60% 80% 0% 100%T ri p ro p io n in Figure 2: Short chain oil mixtures viscosities and correlation a) 1 10 0.0028 0.003 0.0032 0.0034 0.0036 η l (P a · s ) 1/T (K-1) Triacetin - Methyl Oleate 20% 40% 60% 80% triacetin 0% b) 1 10 0.0028 0.003 0.0032 0.0034 0.0036 η l (P a · s ) 1/T (K-1) Tripropionin - Methyl Oleate 20% 40% 60% 80% 0% Tripropionin c) 1 10 0.0028 0.003 0.0032 0.0034 0.0036 η l (P a · s ) 1/T (K-1) Tributyrin - Methyl Oleate 20% 40% 60% 80% 0% tributyrin Figure 3: Short chain oils and methyl oleate mixtures viscosities and correlation at different mass percentages of short chain oils 1913 Table 2: Andrade constants for binary interaction viscosities (viscosity in Pa.S) and coefficient of correlation of parameters regressed and between experimental and regressed viscosities Triacetin Tripropionin Triacetin Triacetin Tripropionin Tributirin Tributyrin Tributyrin Tripropionin Biodiesel Biodiesel Biodiesel a 2.1466±1.7 0.90575±0.8 1.6656±1.6 1.6110±1.3 -2.3496±0.82 -2.1734±0.5 b -843.52±527 A publication of The Italian Association of Chemical Engineering www.aidic.it/cet Guest Editors: Petar Sabev Varbanov, Jiří Jaromír Klemeš, Sharifah Rafidah Wan Alwi, Jun Yow Yong, Xia Liu Copyright © 2015, AIDIC Servizi S.r.l., ISBN 978-88-95608-36-5; ISSN 2283-9216 DOI: 10.3303/CET1545319 Please cite this article as: Bonet-Ruiz A., Pleşu V., Bonet-Ruiz J., Tohăneanu M.C., Llorens J., Lepinay M., Dineiro C., 2015, Experimental study of short chain oils viscosity as biodiesel additives, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 45, 1909- 1914 DOI:10.3303/CET1545319 1909 Experimental Study of Short Chain Oils Viscosity as Biodiesel Additives Alexandra E. Bonet-Ruiz* a , Valentin Pleşu a , Jordi Bonet-Ruiz b , Mădălina-Cosmina Tohăneanu a , Joan Llorens b , Marion Lepinay c , Cecile Dineiro c a University POLITEHNICA of Bucharest, Centre for Technology Transfer in Process Industries (CTTPI), 1, Gh.
    keywords: acids; biodiesel; chain; fatty; glycerol; methyl; oils; triacetin; tripropionin; viscosity
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        item: #6456 of 7527
          id: cet-4727
      author: sara
       title: Format And Type Fonts
        date: 2015-10-04
       words: 3611
      flesch: 77
     summary: The total annualised cost of cooling water systems (CWSs) is taken as its objective function, including CW cost, pumping cost and capital cost of coolers and pumps. The total annualised cost of a CWS, consisting of CW cost, pumping cost and capital cost of coolers and pumps, is taken as the objective function.
    keywords: cooler; cost; node
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        item: #6457 of 7527
          id: cet-4728
      author: sara
       title: Format And Type Fonts
        date: 2015-10-04
       words: 2778
      flesch: 54
     summary: In a study (Cisse and Karim, 2007), fuel gases dispersion in air was studied and it was found that formation of flammable mixture zones in fuels which are less dense than air is very fast as compared to fuels heavier than air. A publication of The Italian Association of Chemical Engineering www.aidic.it/cet Guest Editors: Petar Sabev Varbanov, Jiří Jaromír Klemeš, Sharifah Rafidah Wan Alwi, Jun Yow Yong, Xia Liu Copyright © 2015, AIDIC Servizi S.r.l., ISBN 978-88-95608-36-5; ISSN 2283-9216 DOI: 10.3303/CET1545321 Please cite this article as: Pendyala R., Yong J., Azman I.A., Ilyas S.U., 2015, CFD simulations of transient fuel gases mixing, leakage and flammability in air, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 45, 1921-1926 DOI:10.3303/CET1545321 1921 CFD Simulations of Transient Fuel Gases Mixing, Leakage and Flammability in Air Rajashekhar Pendyala* a , Jenn Yong b , Irsyad Ahnaf Azman c , Suhaib Umer Ilyas a a Chemical Engineering Department, Universiti Teknologi Petronas, 32610 Bandar Seri Iskandar, Perak Darul Ridzuan, Malaysia b Shell MDS (M) Sdn Bhd, Tanjong Kidurong, 97008 Bintulu, Sarawak, Malaysia c Sutera Analytics Sdn Bhd, B2-5-12, Solaris Dutamas, Jalan Dutamas 1, Hartamas Heights, 50480 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia rajashekhar_p@petronas.com.my Dispersion of fuel gases in air is very rapid during accidental release which can lead to minor asphyxiate to major explosion.
    keywords: air; dispersion; fuel; gases; geometry; hydrogen
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        item: #6458 of 7527
          id: cet-4729
      author: sara
       title: Format And Type Fonts
        date: 2015-10-05
       words: 2368
      flesch: 44
     summary: The construction materials are one of the major sources of carbon footprint in execution phase of construction projects known as “embodied carbon footprint”. A publication of The Italian Association of Chemical Engineering www.aidic.it/cet Guest Editors: Petar Sabev Varbanov, Jiří Jaromír Klemeš, Sharifah Rafidah Wan Alwi, Jun Yow Yong, Xia Liu Copyright © 2015, AIDIC Servizi S.r.l., ISBN 978-88-95608-36-5; ISSN 2283-9216 DOI: 10.3303/CET1545322 Please cite this article as: Gardezi S.S.S., Shafiq N., Abdullah N.A.W., Khamidi M.F., Farhan S.A., 2015, Minimization of embodied carbon footprint from housing sector of Malaysia, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 45, 1927-1932 DOI:10.3303/CET1545322 1927 Minimization of Embodied Carbon Footprint from Housing Sector of Malaysia Syed S. Shujaa Gardezi* a , Nasir Shafiq a , Noor A. Wan Abdullah a , Muhd F. Khamidi b , Syed A. Farhan a a Department of Civil Engineering, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Bandar Seri Iskander, 31750 Tronoh Perak, Malaysia b Department of Built Environment, University of Reading Malaysia, Menara Kotaraya, 80000 Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia engineershujaa@gmail.com
    keywords: carbon; construction; footprint; materials; recycle; reduction; study
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        item: #6459 of 7527
          id: cet-473
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-473
        date: 2018-07-19
       words: 3763
      flesch: 43
     summary: Buker M.S., Riffat S.B., 2016, Solar assisted heat pump systems for low temperature water heating applications: A systematic review, Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 55, 399-413. The integration between heat pumps and renewable energy sources (i.e., solar energy) is a promising and recognised technology to reduce primary energy consumption for building cooling/heating.
    keywords: dhw; energy; heat; heat pump; operation; pump; system; temperature
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        item: #6460 of 7527
          id: cet-4730
      author: sara
       title: Format And Type Fonts
        date: 2015-10-04
       words: 3594
      flesch: 53
     summary: In this work, visual experiments were conducted for studying the impacts of microalgae on CO2 bubble growth and detachment in bubble column bioreactor. 2.2 Experimental system The experimental system for studying the impact of microalgae on CO2 bubble growth and detachment in bubble column bioreactor is shown in Figure 1, which consists of a gas mixing system, a gas injection system and data acquisition system.
    keywords: bubble; co2; detachment; gas; growth; microalgae; surface; suspension
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        item: #6461 of 7527
          id: cet-4731
      author: sara
       title: Format And Type Fonts
        date: 2015-10-04
       words: 3898
      flesch: 41
     summary: From an Arrhenius plot activation energy for AuNP synthesis reaction was estimated to be 21.69 ±2.3 kJ/mol suggesting that precursor reduction occurred in aqueous phase followed by diffusion controlled nucleation and aggregation of reduced metals ions forming larger nanoparticles. Time-concentration profiles of chloroauric acid reduction reaction and formation of AuNPs were determined using iodometric and UV-Vis spectroscopic methods and the data were analyzed to determine the pseudo-first order reaction rate constants.
    keywords: acid; aunp; chloroauric; citrate; formation; gold; medium; nanoparticles; reaction; synthesis
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        item: #6462 of 7527
          id: cet-4732
      author: sara
       title: Format And Type Fonts
        date: 2015-10-04
       words: 2123
      flesch: 42
     summary: These are translated into strains and stresses that produce complex and severe working conditions on pipe welded joints whose bearing capacity depends on the heterogeneity of the mechanical properties of different areas of the joint and on the quality of the seam amongst others. For the detection of defects in welded joints non-destructive control is used (Baldev et al, 2000).
    keywords: control; defects; joints; pipelines; probability; products; reliability
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        item: #6463 of 7527
          id: cet-4733
      author: sara
       title: Format And Type Fonts
        date: 2015-10-08
       words: 4256
      flesch: 50
     summary: Hydrocarbon fire is more dangerous than natural fire or Cellulosic in which the temperature increment is slow compared to hydrocarbon fire (API, 2000). Among of them hydrocarbon fire is the most frequently reported thread to offshore industry.
    keywords: analysis; behaviour; et al; fire; hydrocarbon; steel; studies; study; temperature
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        item: #6464 of 7527
          id: cet-4734
      author: sara
       title: Format And Type Fonts
        date: 2015-10-04
       words: 2842
      flesch: 47
     summary: As extractive solvents, different conventional liquids can be employed. Feed (ethanol – water mixture) and extractive solvent (IL) enter the column as independent streams.
    keywords: column; distillation; ethanol; ils; solvent; water
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        item: #6465 of 7527
          id: cet-4735
      author: sara
       title: Format And Type Fonts
        date: 2015-10-04
       words: 3150
      flesch: 51
     summary: This study proves serious discrepancies in the extractor design parameters using the NRTL equation parameters evaluated from experimental ternary equilibrium data. In case of lower solvent specific consumption, the computed extract and raffinate compositions at the equilibrium stages 1–8 correspond to the upper stable steady states (Figure 2), while isola solutions (Figure 3) represent the compositions of extract and raffinate phases at equilibrium stages 9 a 10.
    keywords: equilibrium; extraction; liquid; ternary
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        item: #6466 of 7527
          id: cet-4736
      author: sara
       title: Format And Type Fonts
        date: 2015-10-05
       words: 4094
      flesch: 37
     summary: A consistent approach is still lacking aimed to evaluate the sustainability of nanotechnology based products. It is based on life cycle thinking, and it has a sequential and iterative nature, as shown in Figure 1. Interpretation System boundary definition Identification of significant aspects Indicators selection and calculation Sustainability evaluation Figure 1: Methodology for the sustainability assessment of nanotechnology based products First, one needs to define the system boundary for the study.
    keywords: cycle; environmental; indicators; life; mata; nanotechnology; products; sustainability
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        item: #6467 of 7527
          id: cet-4737
      author: sara
       title: Format And Type Fonts
        date: 2014-10-14
       words: 3108
      flesch: 59
     summary: When employing the ORC, the maximum temperature difference in the evaporator is greater than the temperature at the pinch point of the heat exchanger (Figure 1, left), and heat energy provided by the heat source is thus not used efficiently. For example, geothermal energy and solar heat are utilized low temperature heat for thermal or electric energy (Keroneos et al., 2003).
    keywords: efficiency; energy; flash; heat; power; system
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        item: #6468 of 7527
          id: cet-4738
      author: sara
       title: Format And Type Fonts
        date: 2014-10-14
       words: 2813
      flesch: 53
     summary: Information technology in district heating system One of the key factors of district heating system management is accurate data from the system. This includes remote control and management of district heating systems, SCADA- supervisory, control and data acquisition, Termis - the district energy networks simulation platform for improving system design and operation.
    keywords: district; energy; heating; management; sjenjak; substations; system; tuzla
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        item: #6469 of 7527
          id: cet-4739
      author: sara
       title: Format And Type Fonts
        date: 2014-10-14
       words: 4123
      flesch: 41
     summary: Year:Theme Positive Neutral Negative 2004: ‘Proposed’ Government looks at desalination to alleviate water crisis (Oct 18, ABC) 2005: ‘Examined, committed’ Recycling more expensive than desal- ination: Carr (June 29, SMH); Desal- ination plant ‘too important to debate’ (July 12, SMH) NSW desalination plant would be built at Kurnell (July 11, ABC); Iemma (Premier) confirms Kurnell desalination plant planning (Aug 10, ABC) Desalination to fill state coffers, not dams (June 4, SMH); Sydney desalination plans criticised (July 10, SMH) 2006: ‘On hold’ PM ponders wish list for saving water (Sep 30, News) Desalination plant put on hold (Feb 8, ABC); Sydney desalination plant gets planning OK (Nov 16, SMH); NSW Lottery sale proposal ‘a gamble’ (Dec 11, The Australian) Water plant ‘workshop’ walkout (Jan 18, SMH); Recycling embraced as Sydney’s water woes worsen: Water (May 8, ABC) 2007: 4. Desalination planning, practices and perceptions: the case of Sydney The story of how desalination was implemented in Sydney has been explored as part of an international comparison (Tal, 2010), an Australian review of desalination plants with a focus on technical and operational aspects (Saliby et al., 2009) and inquiry into Australia’s urban water sector (PC, 2011).
    keywords: abc; australia; desalination; drought; energy; future; planning; plant; scenarios; supply; sydney; water
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        item: #6470 of 7527
          id: cet-474
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-474
        date: 2018-07-19
       words: 3062
      flesch: 54
     summary: The CDF is considered as a comprehensive visual tool to express MEN as any point on the plot is the locus of: composition driving force, lean stream composition and rich stream composition. Case study: copolymerization plant A copolymerization plant to produce a copolymer from two stages reactions; first catalytic reactor uses a catalytic solution (process lean stream S2) while the second stage reactor enhance the polymer properties using some additives (process lean stream S1).
    keywords: composition; exchanger; line; mass; stream
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        item: #6471 of 7527
          id: cet-4740
      author: sara
       title: Format And Type Fonts
        date: 2014-10-14
       words: 3099
      flesch: 41
     summary: Figure 3: Variation of inundation volume and area according to inlet capacity changes at inundation peak (a) 0.25 inlet capacity (b) 0.75 inlet capacity (c) 1.0 inlet capacity Figure 4: Changes of inundation area by altering inlet capacity in the case of 110mm/hr at inundation peak In this study, inlet capacity is adopted as a non-dimensional constant, which means the currently installed maximum allowable area of the inlets to drain surface flow into the sewer system for preventing urban areas from inundation or flooding.
    keywords: area; capacity; inlet capacity; inlets; inundation; study; surface
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        item: #6472 of 7527
          id: cet-4741
      author: sara
       title: Format And Type Fonts
        date: 2014-10-14
       words: 4658
      flesch: 60
     summary: The theoretical design for the water supply Three main concepts dominate the organization for water infrastructure sites (infrastructure in general):  The general observation is that the advantages of the private involvement in water supply are: 
    keywords: companies; concession; connections; infrastructure; jakarta; percent; public; supply; water; water supply
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        item: #6473 of 7527
          id: cet-4742
      author: sara
       title: Format And Type Fonts
        date: 2014-10-14
       words: 3324
      flesch: 50
     summary: According to the authors' calculation based on data from CWRM (2010), water use of primary industry (excluding that of livestock) accounted for 62.4 % of total water use in China in 2009. Kahrl and Roland-Holst (2008) traced relationships between energy and water resources through China’s input-output table structure, drawing conclusions focused on the energy implications of water use.
    keywords: china; consumption; electricity; energy; kwh; nexus; supply; treatment; use; water
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        item: #6474 of 7527
          id: cet-4743
      author: sara
       title: Format And Type Fonts
        date: 2014-10-14
       words: 2575
      flesch: 50
     summary: 42, 2014 A publication of The Italian Association of Chemical Engineering www.aidic.it/cet Guest Editors: Petar Sabev Varbanov, Neven Duić Copyright © 2014, AIDIC Servizi S.r.l., ISBN 978-88-95608-33-4; ISSN 2283-9216 DOI: 10.3303/CET1442007 Please cite this article as: Kahveci E.E., Taymaz I., 2014, An investigation of GDL porosity on PEM fuel cell performance, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 42, 37-42 DOI:10.3303/CET1442007 37 An Investigation of GDL Porosity on PEM Fuel Cell Performance Elif Eker Kahveci*, Imdat Taymaz Department of Mechanical Engineering, Sakarya University, Sakarya, Turkey eeker@sakarya.edu.tr One of the design parameters of fuel cell is GDL (gas diffusion layer) porosity which helps to remove the water produced and accumulated in the catalyst layers toward the flow channels. In this study, a three-dimensional, isothermal model of a proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cell with a straight flow field channel has been developed to investigate the influence of the GDL parameters on performance of PEM fuel cells.
    keywords: cell; channel; diffusion; fuel; gas; layer; performance; porosity
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        item: #6475 of 7527
          id: cet-4744
      author: sara
       title: Format And Type Fonts
        date: 2014-10-14
       words: 2789
      flesch: 53
     summary: Hungary nagy@mukki.richem.hu Concentration polarization has often been observed in membrane gas separation when there is an accumulation of the less permeable species and a depletion of the more permeable components in the boundary layer of the fluid phase as a result of high fluxes of solute and selectivity and low bulk diffusion. Nagy E., Nagy R., Dudas J., 2013, Separate expression of polarization modulus and enrichment by mass transport parameters for membrane gas separation, Ind. Eng.
    keywords: gas; layer; mass; membrane; polarization; separation; value
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        item: #6476 of 7527
          id: cet-4745
      author: sara
       title: Format And Type Fonts
        date: 2014-10-14
       words: 3402
      flesch: 45
     summary: Table 1: Lipolytic activity of the different types of enzyme preparations achieved via the isolation process (maximal values for the experimental errors were: total activity U/mL±0.01, prot. The supernatant was used as a source of crude enzymes for estimation of lipolytic activity.
    keywords: activity; enzyme; fractions; isolation; lipases; preparation; purification
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        item: #6477 of 7527
          id: cet-4746
      author: sara
       title: Format And Type Fonts
        date: 2014-10-14
       words: 3583
      flesch: 41
     summary: Furthermore, the results are shown through a Pareto curve that can be used by decision makers to implement a network for waste processing to obtain multiple products in places where there is not any waste management system at all. 42, 2014 A publication of The Italian Association of Chemical Engineering www.aidic.it/cet Guest Editors: Petar Sabev Varbanov, Neven Duić Copyright © 2014, AIDIC Servizi S.r.l., ISBN 978-88-95608-33-4; ISSN 2283-9216 DOI:10.3303/CET1442010 Please cite this article as: Santibañez-Aguilar J.E., Ponce-Ortega J.M., González-Campos J.B., Serna-Gonzaléz M., El- Halwagi M.M., 2014, Optimal planning of supply chains for multi-product generation from municipal solid waste, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 42, 55-60 DOI:10.3303/CET1442010 55 Optimal Planning of Supply Chains for Multi-Product Generation from Municipal Solid Waste José Ezequiel Santibañez-Aguilar a , José María Ponce-Ortega* a , Janett Betzabe González-Campos b , Medardo Serna-Gonzaléz a , Mahmoud M. El-Halwagi c a Chemical Engineering Department, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Morelia, Michoacán, México b Chemical-Biological Research Institute, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Morelia, Michoacán, México c Chemical Engineering Department, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA jmponce@umich.mx In recent years there has been increased the amount of generated municipal solid waste in most of the developing countries, where the waste management systems are not adequate because of lack of organization and infrastructure.
    keywords: city; management; processing; s w; waste
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        item: #6478 of 7527
          id: cet-4747
      author: sara
       title: Format And Type Fonts
        date: 2014-10-14
       words: 4334
      flesch: 52
     summary: Hydrogen fuel cell vehicles (HFCV) are taking advantage of the tremendous advances in fuel cell technology. Table 1 : comparison of hydrogen fuel to gasoline LHV (kWh/kg)
    keywords: /wp; capital; cost; efficiency; fuel; gasoline; hydrogen; production; vehicle
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        item: #6479 of 7527
          id: cet-4748
      author: sara
       title: Format And Type Fonts
        date: 2014-10-14
       words: 3687
      flesch: 58
     summary: An experimental study of combustion and emissions of biomass briquettes in a domestic wood stove, Applied Energy, 99, 206-212. Sellin N., de Oliveira B.G., Marangoni C., Souza O., de Oliveira A.P.N., de Oliveira T.M.N., 2013. During biomass combustion, nitrogen content in fuel (Zhang et al., 2008) and the amount of free oxygen available for chemical reactions are the main factors affecting the formation of NOx (Dias et al., 2004).
    keywords: ash; biomass; briquettes; combustion; content; energy; fuel; production; wood
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        item: #6480 of 7527
          id: cet-4749
      author: sara
       title: Format And Type Fonts
        date: 2014-10-14
       words: 3988
      flesch: 54
     summary: Concerning emissions, CO and NOx resulting of burning Acacia pellets were significantly higher than burning Pine pellets. At reduced, medium and high loads, Acacia pellets emitted, on average, 58, 241, and 106 % more CO compared with Pine pellets, respectively.
    keywords: acacia; boiler; combustion; dealbata; efficiency; emissions; flow; fuel; mass; pellets; pine; rate
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        item: #6481 of 7527
          id: cet-475
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-475
        date: 2018-07-19
       words: 3352
      flesch: 40
     summary: Such strategies which relate to competency based education is recognized as the most appropriate technique for education programs that expect to develop professionals (Bensah et al., 2011) who will benefit more from performing tasks rather than just knowing. The development of competencies in chemical engineering students particularly in PSE/PI may resemble those proposed by Pintarič and Kravanja (2016) for computer-aided chemical engineering.
    keywords: chemical; competencies; engineering; learning; matrix; pse; skills; students
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        item: #6482 of 7527
          id: cet-4750
      author: sara
       title: Format And Type Fonts
        date: 2014-10-14
       words: 3986
      flesch: 53
     summary: Castro C.S., Ferreti C., Di Cosimo J.I., Assaf J.M., 2013, Support influence on the basicity promotion of lithium-based mixed oxides for transesterification reaction, Fuel, 103, 632-638. Di Serio M., Tesser R., Ferrara A., Santacesaria E., 2004, Heterogeneous basic catalysts for the transesterification and the polycondensation reactions in PET production from DMT, J Mol Catal a- Chem, 212, 251-257. Chung K.H., Park B.G., 2009, Esterification of oleic acid in soybean oil on zeolite catalysts with different acidity, J Ind Eng Chem, 15, 388-392.
    keywords: catalyst; mixed; molar; oxides; ratio; yield
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        item: #6483 of 7527
          id: cet-4751
      author: sara
       title: Format And Type Fonts
        date: 2014-10-14
       words: 2910
      flesch: 63
     summary: Biogas plants can reduce the carbon footprint of a farm, help with manure management and additionally, they can provide a source of income to the owner. Not only can the implementation of biogas plants reduce the greenhouse gas emissions from a farm through the burning of the produced methane, it also produces electricity, heat and digestate, a high quality biological fertilizer, (Abubaker, et al., 2012) which can all generate extra profit for its owner.
    keywords: biogas; efficiency; energy; irr; manure; plants; transport
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        item: #6484 of 7527
          id: cet-4752
      author: sara
       title: Format And Type Fonts
        date: 2014-10-14
       words: 2937
      flesch: 49
     summary: In the present approach the unacceptable interface delamination in a pre-cracked (1 st mode) bi-material structure as a part of the straight line of wind rotor blade under static mechanical, temperature, and electric loading and moisture will be considered. The electric voltage acting on the first piezoelectric plate of bi-material structure will be used as a sensor identifying the possible delamination between the layers.
    keywords: blade; case; interface; material; moisture; rotor; shear; wind
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        item: #6485 of 7527
          id: cet-4753
      author: sara
       title: Format And Type Fonts
        date: 2014-10-14
       words: 3397
      flesch: 47
     summary: Figure 2: Map with the position of Bor town urban areas relative to the copper smelter and wind rose for 10 years period (2001-2010) There are a significant percentage of winds blowing westwards thus pushing smelter facility emissions and particulate towards Bor town (as shown in Figure 2).
    keywords: agglomeration; air; aqp; bor; emissions; measures; pollution; quality; so2; sources
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        item: #6486 of 7527
          id: cet-4754
      author: sara
       title: Format And Type Fonts
        date: 2014-10-14
       words: 3051
      flesch: 52
     summary: A publication of The Italian Association of Chemical Engineering www.aidic.it/cet Guest Editors: Petar Sabev Varbanov, Neven Duić Copyright © 2014, AIDIC Servizi S.r.l., ISBN 978-88-95608-33-4; ISSN 2283-9216 DOI: 10.3303/CET1442018 Please cite this article as: Tasić V., Maluckov B., Kovačević R., Apostolovski - Trujić T., Šteharnik M., Stanković S., 2014, Analysis of SO2 concentrations in the urban areas near copper mining and smelting complex Bor, Serbia, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 42, 103-108 DOI:10.3303/CET1442018 103 Analysis of SO2 Concentrations in the Urban Areas near Copper Mining and Smelting Complex Bor, Serbia Viša Tasić* a , Biljana Maluckov b , Renata Kovačević a , Tatjana Apostolovski Trujić a , Mirjana Šteharnik a , Suzana Stanković a a Mining and Metallurgy Institute Bor, Zeleni bulevar 35, Bor, Republic of Serbia b University of Belgrade, Technical Faculty in Bor, Vojske Jugoslavije 12, Bor, Republic of Serbia visa.tasic@irmbor.co.rs Monitoring of SO2 mass concentrations is very important from the aspect of human health risk assessment, having in mind the negative effects of elevated levels of SO2 in ambient air on human health. The analysis has shown that SO2 concentrations exceeded the corresponding Serbian and European Union (EU) air quality standards.
    keywords: air; bor; concentrations; copper; smelter; so2; time
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        item: #6487 of 7527
          id: cet-4755
      author: sara
       title: Format And Type Fonts
        date: 2014-10-14
       words: 3929
      flesch: 56
     summary: It should be noted that since fuel flow rate is a strong function of flight speed, for a given flight and altitude level, various flight speed would typically lead to various fuel flow rates, and in turn various Figure 3: Effects of descent altitude and FPA on emissions, by engine category, for -7BX and -7BX/3 engines for the FPA categories 2.25 ° < Furthermore, since we deal with descent flight only, so the SRG parameter should id denoted by an additional index D for descent.
    keywords: altitude; descent; emission; flight; flow; fpa; fuel; nox
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        item: #6488 of 7527
          id: cet-4756
      author: sara
       title: Format And Type Fonts
        date: 2014-10-14
       words: 4104
      flesch: 44
     summary: Namely, although addressing climate change is a global challenge, national responsibilities should be differentiated, with developed countries having a heavier burden in both reducing emissions and providing resources for adaptation measures with respect to developing countries. The issue of CBDR is currently considered as a crucial issue in the Post-Kyoto negotiations since CBDR is mainly considered by developing countries as based on historical responsibility to Green House Gas (GHG) emissions whereas developed countries emphasize the role of current and future emissions.
    keywords: carbon; climate; costs; countries; energy; gcf; gtap; model; policy; ppm; target
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        item: #6489 of 7527
          id: cet-4757
      author: sara
       title: Format And Type Fonts
        date: 2014-10-14
       words: 3498
      flesch: 37
     summary: For the purpose of developing a branch and country/region specific reference SME, statistical data on energy consumption desegregated by fuels and SMEs value added was obtained in correspondence with the regional/national statistical authorities. However, the success of the follow-up and fine tuning process largely depends on dedication and commitment of the SMEs and their willingness to sustainably change established patterns of energy consumption.
    keywords: 3emt; benchmark; consumption; energy; indicators; performance; smes; sustainability; tool
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        item: #6490 of 7527
          id: cet-4758
      author: sara
       title: Format And Type Fonts
        date: 2014-10-14
       words: 4288
      flesch: 49
     summary: Virtually all life cycles, including products in the chemical sector, involve at some tier land operations and emissions leading to changes in the state of biodiversity; however, it is particularly important to take biodiversity impacts into consideration in LCA studies dealing directly with land use and land use change (such as food or bioenergy studies, as in Čuček et al., 2011) – which currently is scarcely done due to methods not being recognized as stable and mature (Freidberg, 2013). Due to its importance, as identified by the MA, and since it is the most active field today, the rest of this article is devoted to biodiversity impacts from land use only.
    keywords: assessment; biodiversity; ecosystem; impacts; land; lca; services; species; use
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        item: #6491 of 7527
          id: cet-4759
      author: sara
       title: Format And Type Fonts
        date: 2014-10-14
       words: 3807
      flesch: 55
     summary: A final section studies the implications other models would have in LCA impact assessment models, and propose some open threads that should be addressed in future research. Reflections on the concept of species richness for biodiversity endpoints in LCA, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 42, 133-138 DOI:10.3303/CET1442023 133 Which Species Count?
    keywords: area; assessment; biodiversity; impact; land; lca; model; richness; sar; species; use
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        item: #6492 of 7527
          id: cet-476
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-476
        date: 2018-07-19
       words: 4068
      flesch: 49
     summary: Anguillarese 301, 00123 Roma, Italy bDepartment of Chemistry, Sapienza Università di Roma, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Roma, Italy cDepartment of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, Università di Genova, Via Dodecaneso 31, 16146 Genova, Italy loris.pietrelli@enea.it The possible optimization of metal recovery from Printed Circuit Boards (PCBs) and Central Processing Units (CPUs) has been investigated. PCBs’ availability also plays a key role in the choice of the treatment process finalized to metal recovery, especially in terms of costs.
    keywords: content; copper; gold; leaching; metals; pcbs; process; recovery; t-1; treatment; waste
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        item: #6493 of 7527
          id: cet-4760
      author: sara
       title: Format And Type Fonts
        date: 2014-10-14
       words: 4027
      flesch: 50
     summary: The obtained results indicate, that from the point of view of improvement of ecological effectiveness of hard coal mine, the energy subsystem should be examined firstly. Table 4: Energy carriers consumption in hard coal mines in Poland in the years 2008-2011
    keywords: coal; consumption; cost; energy; lca; production; resources; table; tec
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        item: #6494 of 7527
          id: cet-4761
      author: sara
       title: Format And Type Fonts
        date: 2014-10-14
       words: 2952
      flesch: 48
     summary: Water treatment plants that employ the conventional processes of coagulation, flocculation and sedimentation produce large quantities of sludge and Qasim et al., (2006) suggested that the volume of generated sludge can be as high as 2 % of the total volume of water treated, and the use of water treatment plant sludge for various industrial and commercial manufacturing processes has been seen in most part of the world including the USA and the UK (Victoria, 2013), hence as studied previously (Anyakora et al, 2012) asserted mineralogical composition of the water treatment sludge being close to that of clay, which therefore encourages the use of water treatment sludge in brick manufacture. Evaluation of water treatment sludge for ameliorating acid mine waste.
    keywords: line; plant; process; pwtp; recirculation; sludge; treatment; water
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        item: #6495 of 7527
          id: cet-4762
      author: sara
       title: Format And Type Fonts
        date: 2014-10-14
       words: 3924
      flesch: 37
     summary: Many analytical instruments and experimental methods, such as potential titration, 27 Al nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), small angle X-ray diffraction and scattering, infrared and Raman spectroscopy, laser light scattering, electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy, Al-Ferron colorimetry and other wet chemical methods, have been employed in the study of Al speciation and the structural characterization of Al species. Al species in the electrolyte were analyzed at the end of the electrolytic process.
    keywords: al13; aluminium; ferron; method; nmr; pac; solution; species; water
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        item: #6496 of 7527
          id: cet-4763
      author: sara
       title: Format And Type Fonts
        date: 2014-10-14
       words: 3526
      flesch: 52
     summary: When TiO2 was loaded on AC surface, the average pore size and the total pore volume of TiO2/AC was smaller than AC. While CB had fewer micropores than AC, less TiO2 was deposited into the micropores.
    keywords: adsorption; materials; removal; surface; tio2
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        item: #6497 of 7527
          id: cet-4764
      author: sara
       title: Format And Type Fonts
        date: 2014-10-14
       words: 4018
      flesch: 52
     summary: 3.3 Effect of feed flow rate on kinetic of fixed bed photoreactor under visible light To study the effect of feed flow rate of waste stream on the kinetics of the fixed bed photoreactor, all experiments were conducted at a variable feed flow rate ranging from 100 to 1,000 mLmin -1 . mLmin -1 ) Table 1: Values of kinetic parameters including initial rate, r, kinetic constant, kobs and half-life of total Cr, t1/2, based on feed flow rate of fixed bed photoreactor under visible light Flow rate (mLmin -1 ) Initial rate, r (mgL -1 .min -1 ) Kinetic rate constant, k (min -1 ) Half-life, t1/2 (min) R 2 100 0.2170 0.0059 117.48257 0.9812 250 0.3520 0.0101 68.6284 0.9741 500 0.6000 0.0261 26.5574 0.9611 750 1.2000 0.0452 15.3351 0.9907 1,000 0.4400 0.0173 40.0663 0.9679
    keywords: bed; film; flow; light; photocatalytic; rate; tio2; total
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        item: #6498 of 7527
          id: cet-4765
      author: sara
       title: Format And Type Fonts
        date: 2014-10-14
       words: 2988
      flesch: 47
     summary: Sugar beet pulp carbon obtained from different methods to use as an adsorbent was studied for removing heavy metals in earlier works, such as (Aksu and İşoğlu, 2005) on Copper removal, as well as Cadmium (Özer and Tümen, 2005), Chromium; Altundoğan, 2005) and phenol (Beker et al., 2010).There are also some studies of phenol adsorption by sugar beet pulp carbon, but little attention has been paid to the investigation of pH, adsorbent dosage, phenol concentration, temperature and contact times dependence of adsorption process and evaluating equilibrium, and kinetic parameters of the system, which are important in the design of treatment systems (Dursun et al., 2005). At basic pH (>7), phenol adsorption became difficult due to the repulsion of the accumulation for negatively charged hydroxyl ions around the adsorbent surface.
    keywords: acsp; adsorbent; adsorption; carbon; dosage; phenol; removal; sugar
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        item: #6499 of 7527
          id: cet-4766
      author: sara
       title: Format And Type Fonts
        date: 2014-10-14
       words: 4092
      flesch: 45
     summary: The higher dosage requirements for decolourising real textile wastewater compared to synthetic textile wastewater can be linked to the difference in residual dyes concentration as well as the type of dyes being used and complexity of wastewater. Hence, to protect the water environment, textile wastewater must be treated up to the safe discharge limits as recommended by USEPA.
    keywords: ach; coagulant; decolourisation; dosage; efficiency; textile; wastewater
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        item: #6500 of 7527
          id: cet-4767
      author: sara
       title: Format And Type Fonts
        date: 2014-10-14
       words: 2978
      flesch: 53
     summary: Figure 3: XRD patterns of typical samples obtained in this work Figure 4: Nitrogen adsorption-desorption isotherms (77 K) of a typical sample insolubilized by Fe 2+ Figure 5 shows the cesium adsorption isotherms of samples, in which different cations were used to insolubilize the ferrocyanide included in them. Figure 1: Experimental apparatus for flow systems 183 3. Results and discussion Figure 2 shows photographs and cross sectional SEM images of typical samples obtained in this work.
    keywords: cesium; ferrocyanide; figure; particles; pbas; resistance; samples
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        item: #6501 of 7527
          id: cet-4768
      author: sauro
       title: Microsoft Word - 476hernandez.docx
        date: 2015-04-25
       words: 3949
      flesch: 62
     summary: Homemade mead is becoming popular among local beekeepers, but there are certain problems related to this practice, such as a DOI: 10.3303/CET1543001 Please cite this article as: Hernandez C., Serrato J.C., Quicazan M., 2015, Evaluation physicochemical and sensory aspects of mead, produced by different nitrogen sources and commercial yeast, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 43, 1-6 DOI: 10.3303/CET1543001 1 lack of uniformity of the final product, honey composition, re-fermentation by yeast or by acetic acid-producing bacteria and lactic acid-producing bacteria, that could abnormally increase, the production of ester or volatile acidity, affecting the sensory quality of the final product (Pereira et al. 2012). Therefore, the aim of the present investigation was to evaluate the physicochemical and sensory aspects of mead, produced with different nitrogen sources and commercial yeasts, to obtain a product with better quality characteristics.
    keywords: ethanol; mead; nitrogen; pollen; production; yeast
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        item: #6502 of 7527
          id: cet-4769
      author: sauro
       title: Microsoft Word - 476hernandez.docx
        date: 2015-04-25
       words: 4088
      flesch: 64
     summary: nd 45,8 ± 0,2 herbaceou 2-ethyl hexanol nd nd 4,3 ± 0,1 nd nd nd 8,7 ± 0,2 mushroom 2,3-butandiol 33,6 ± 2,5 nd nd 18,3 ± 0,2 nd 17,6 ± 1,3 9,4 ± 0,2 butter phenethyl l h l 3122,59 ± 238, 1084,6 ± 113,1 1621, ± 37,8 118,2 871,4 ± 20,3 3110,3 ± 44,9 1840, ± 4,1 2066,1 ± 153, 2704,3 ± 54,4 fruity isobutyl acetate 7,7 ± 0,6 19,8 ± 2,1 nd 19,4 ± 0,2 9,6 ± 0,02 nd 8,90 ± 0,2 fruity Ethyl butanoate 121,1 ± 9,2 90,4 ± 9,4
    keywords: coda; fermentation; grape; min; volpe; wine; yeast
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        item: #6503 of 7527
          id: cet-477
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-477
        date: 2018-07-19
       words: 2943
      flesch: 37
     summary: There is now a need to employ research staff, teaching assistants and faculty dedicated to research. Furthermore, human resource management should also consider the DOI: 10.3303/CET1870047 Please cite this article as: Aviso K.B., Demeterio III F.P.A., Lucas R.I.G., Tan R.R., 2018, P-graph approach to planning human resource expansion for universities in transition , Chemical Engineering Transactions, 70, 277-282 DOI:10.3303/CET1870047 277 different processes and management strategies to contribute to the growth of the organization (Kucharcíková et al., 2015).
    keywords: faculty; graph; output; planning; research; resource; staff; support; teaching
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        item: #6504 of 7527
          id: cet-4770
      author: sauro
       title: Microsoft Word - 476hernandez.docx
        date: 2015-04-25
       words: 4044
      flesch: 53
     summary: Moreover, maltodextrins were added in low alcohol beer in order to increase body and mouthfeel of the beer. Turbidity value differs in low alcohol beer with respect to the original one: a decrease occurred after the dealcoholization process, as reported in Table 1.
    keywords: alcohol; beer; compounds; content; dealcoholization; l-1; process; solutions
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        item: #6505 of 7527
          id: cet-4771
      author: sauro
       title: Microsoft Word - 476hernandez.docx
        date: 2015-04-25
       words: 3569
      flesch: 53
     summary: Within the same heat treatment there was no significant difference in diastase activity between 15 and 21 min. Tyndallization reduced diastase activity by 52 % in A. mellifera honey and 32 % in T. angustula honey; while, pasteurization reduced diastase activity by 5 % in A. mellifera honey and 7 % in T. angustula honey. Within the same heat treatment, there was no significant difference in colour between 15 and 21 min. Tyndallization increased colour by 20 % in A. mellifera honey and 40 % in T. angustula honey.
    keywords: angustula; heat; honey; mellifera; min; tyndallization
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        item: #6506 of 7527
          id: cet-4772
      author: sauro
       title: Microsoft Word - 476hernandez.docx
        date: 2015-04-25
       words: 2787
      flesch: 60
     summary: A publication of The Italian Association of Chemical Engineering Online at www.aidic.it/cet Chief Editors: Sauro Pierucci, Jiří J. Klemeš Copyright © 2015, AIDIC Servizi S.r.l., ISBN 978-88-95608-34-1; ISSN 2283-9216 Effect of Rosemary Oil and an Emulsion of Essential Oils on Structure and Physical Properties of Chitosan Film Elena Torrieri*,a, Silvana Cavellaa, Paolo Masia,b a Food and Agricultural Department -University of Naples Federico II –Naples, Italy bCAISIAL-Centre of Food Innovation and Development in the Food Industry University of Naples Federico II – Naples, Italy elena.torrieri@unina.it The objective of this work was to study the effect of Rosemary oil (Resemary Officinalis) and an emulsion at 68 % of EOs (EA3) on chitosan (CH) film forming dispersion (FFD) and CH films properties. The WVTR of CH film has an average value of 2.3x10-3 g m-2 s-1.
    keywords: chitosan; ea3; eos; film; food; oil; properties; reo
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        item: #6507 of 7527
          id: cet-4773
      author: sauro
       title: Microsoft Word - 476hernandez.docx
        date: 2015-05-26
       words: 2247
      flesch: 37
     summary: Three samples, each of 1 mL, during different fermentation times were taken and placed in 30 mL Pyrex® vials provided with a pierceable Silicon Teflon disks in the cap. 3. Results The behaviour of different physicochemical variables at different fermentation times are presented in the Figures 1 and 2.
    keywords: analysis; fermentation; mead; nose; process; sensors; time; tongue
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        item: #6508 of 7527
          id: cet-4774
      author: sauro
       title: Microsoft Word - 476hernandez.docx
        date: 2015-04-25
       words: 2689
      flesch: 34
     summary: Results and Discussions 2.1 PANI – PAAMPSA Screen Printed Electrodes The working principle of ethanol biosensor based on the alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) enzyme immobilized on a PANI-PAAMPSA modified screen-printed electrode was described in Figure 1. 38 Figure 1: Enzymatic reaction involved for ethanol determination by ADH on a PANI-PAAMPSA/SPCE As reported by Tarver et al. For this purpose different ethanol biosensors were stored at 4 °C without any chemical preservative and characterized at regular interval times.
    keywords: biosensor; electrode; ethanol; nadh; paampsa; pani; polymer
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        item: #6509 of 7527
          id: cet-4775
      author: sauro
       title: Microsoft Word - 476hernandez.docx
        date: 2015-04-25
       words: 3747
      flesch: 50
     summary: The frozen emulsion was dried for 72 h. 2.6 Shelf-life tests Accelerated storage tests were carried out on walnut paste (as control) and dried samples. Martínez M., Barrionuevo G., Nepote V., Grosso N., Maestri D., 2011, Sensory characterisation and oxidativestability of walnut oil.
    keywords: acidity; content; drying; freeze; min; paste; samples; walnut
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        item: #6510 of 7527
          id: cet-4776
      author: sauro
       title: Microsoft Word - 476hernandez.docx
        date: 2015-04-25
       words: 3923
      flesch: 49
     summary: The aim of this study was, then, to investigate the possibility of producing dried probiotic formulations to be easily used together with commercial ice-cream bases. Base ingredients, in decreasing order, are: powder skim milk, powder full cream, dextrose, emulsifiers (E472, E471, E473), anhydrous glucose syrup, maltodextrins, concentrated milk proteins, stabilizers (E401, E410, E412), vanillin, natural flavour.
    keywords: base; cream; drying; food; ice; powder; probiotics; process; spray
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        item: #6511 of 7527
          id: cet-4777
      author: sauro
       title: Microsoft Word - 476hernandez.docx
        date: 2015-04-25
       words: 3192
      flesch: 36
     summary: Moreover, different essential oils were encapsulated in order to evaluate their antimicrobial activity on leaf vegetables. Therefore, this formulation, comprising 0.05%wt modified chitosan and 0.1%wt nanoemulsified lemon essential oil, was further tested in product for the stabilization of a leaf vegetable, such as rucola, during a shelf-life, consisting of storage at 4°C for 3 d and then at 8°C for a total of 21 d. Microbial viability as well as colour and texture changes were monitored during the shelf-life.
    keywords: antimicrobial; chitosan; coating; life; oil; samples; shelf; storage
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        item: #6512 of 7527
          id: cet-4778
      author: sauro
       title: Microsoft Word - 476hernandez.docx
        date: 2015-04-25
       words: 2639
      flesch: 62
     summary: It plays however a very important role in the precipitation of green tea catechins. Sevillano, D.M., van der Wielen, L.A.M., Hooshyar, N. and Ottens, M. (2014) Resin selection for the separation of caffeine from green tea catechins.
    keywords: catechins; column; dryer; drying; process; spray; tea
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        item: #6513 of 7527
          id: cet-4779
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 547_miele_revised_corretto.docx
        date: 2015-05-26
       words: 3216
      flesch: 55
     summary: Mostefa N.M., Sadok A.H., Sabri N., Hadji A., 2006, Determination of optimal cream formulation from long- term stability investigation using a surface response modeling, International Journal of Cosmetic Science, 28, 211–218. Thomareis A.P., Chatziantoniou S., 2011, Evaluation of the consistency of low-fat mayonnaise by squeezing flow viscometry, Procedia Food Science, 1, 1997-2002. aw was higher for samples with a high water content and low fat replacer content (1 - 2 - 3 - 5 – 7 - 19).
    keywords: content; creams; fat; filling; formulation; ingredients; n.s; replacer
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        item: #6514 of 7527
          id: cet-478
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-478
        date: 2018-07-19
       words: 3336
      flesch: 27
     summary: Literature overview This study examines two areas of study including sustainability implementation guidelines and Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) guidelines to gain knowledge gaps and ideas in developing S-ERP guidelines. Sustainability implementation guidelines are required to provide a clear and practical direction for practitioners to contribute to sustainability and provide practical solutions that organisations can use to solve environmental problems.
    keywords: activities; erp; guidelines; implementation; levels; management; project; steps; sustainability; systems
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        item: #6515 of 7527
          id: cet-4780
      author: sauro
       title: Microsoft Word - 476hernandez.docx
        date: 2015-04-25
       words: 2824
      flesch: 43
     summary: Cell wall materials, or some selected constitutive components, might hence play a key role as adaptable thickening agent in food formulations, due to their well-known ability to bind a large amount of water. There is an implicit assumption that by understanding the biophysics and molecular biology underpinning the physiology of cell walls materials (CWM), it should be possible to manipulate fruit tissue structure and therefore cell-wall- dependent quality characteristics.
    keywords: cell; dispersions; food; materials; strain; stress; wall
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        item: #6516 of 7527
          id: cet-4781
      author: sauro
       title: Microsoft Word - 476hernandez.docx
        date: 2015-04-25
       words: 3462
      flesch: 46
     summary: Different insects, including bees, take advantage of pollen as a source of protein, fat, vitamins and minerals (Seeley, 2006). Fuenmayor C., Zuluaga C., Diaz C., Quicazán M., Cosio M., Mannino S., 2014, Evaluation of the physicochemical and functional properties of Colombian bee pollen, Rev. MVZ Córdoba 19, 4003–4014. ICONTEC, 1994, NTC 719: Animal food: Determination of pepsin digestibility of protein of animal origin, Instituto Colombiano de Normas Técnicas y Certificación, Bogotá, Colombia (in Spanish).
    keywords: antioxidant; bee; colombia; compounds; min; pollen; protein; treatment
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        item: #6517 of 7527
          id: cet-4782
      author: sauro
       title: Microsoft Word - 476hernandez.docx
        date: 2015-04-25
       words: 2302
      flesch: 42
     summary: To investigate the mixing effects between pectin and protein solutions, in the microfluidic approach different flow rates of pectin solution were tested, keeping a constant protein flow rate set at 1.0 mL/min. Figure 2: Particles size distribution at different P/P mixture ratio (4:1 and 7.5:1) Three Al-300 infusion syringe pumps were used to control protein, pectin and focusing flow mass flow rates.
    keywords: complexes; flow; mixing; pectin; protein; size
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        item: #6518 of 7527
          id: cet-4783
      author: sauro
       title: Microsoft Word - 476hernandez.docx
        date: 2015-04-25
       words: 3838
      flesch: 45
     summary: Higher pressure level and prolonged times in HHP processes as well as higher number of pulses and lower distances from the lamp in PL treatments enhance protein hydrolysis. Protein hydrolysis, which is based on the cleavage of peptide bonds, can be carried out by chemical or enzymatic processes.
    keywords: bsa; hhp; hydrolysis; pressure; protein; treatments; trypsin
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        item: #6519 of 7527
          id: cet-4784
      author: sauro
       title: Microsoft Word - 476hernandez.docx
        date: 2015-04-25
       words: 3478
      flesch: 41
     summary: 2.3 Spray drying of olive pomace extract Spray drying of olive pomace extract was performed using a Büchi Mini Spray Dryer B-290 (BÜCHI Labortechnik AG, Flawil, Switzerland), with fixed values of inlet temperature, feed flow, aspiration rate and amount of coating agent, equal to 160 °C, 5 mL/min, 30 m3/h and 10 % w/v (100 g/L), respectively. ARP were comprised, for all the samples, between 11.5 ± 1.5 and 12.5 ± 0.9 mgDPPH˙/mL, while MD and GA without olive pomace extract show negligible values of ARP (data not shown), indicating that the coating agents does not contribute to the final ARP of the powders.
    keywords: coating; drying; microparticles; olive; polyphenols; pomace; spray
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        item: #6520 of 7527
          id: cet-4785
      author: sauro
       title: Microsoft Word - 476hernandez.docx
        date: 2015-04-25
       words: 2996
      flesch: 39
     summary: International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering, 30, 767-777 Katz P., and Stinsky H., 1987, Determining optimum drying conditions for dry sausage products in ripening rooms. Therefore, the aim of this paper was that of improving such mathematical model to account for sausage irregular geometry and volume shrinking during drying.
    keywords: air; axi; drying; figure; geometry; sausage; simulation; water
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        item: #6521 of 7527
          id: cet-4786
      author: sauro
       title: Microsoft Word - 476hernandez.docx
        date: 2015-04-25
       words: 3153
      flesch: 49
     summary: Grains such as rice, wheat and corn have high food energy yields per hectare and high energy return ratios (food energy OUT to fossil fuel energy IN). 4.1 Land Footprint Wheat processed into bread was determined to be the most efficient means of producing food energy from a land use perspective (Figure 3).
    keywords: california; emissions; energy; food; footprint; grain; land; products; water
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        item: #6522 of 7527
          id: cet-4787
      author: sauro
       title: Microsoft Word - 476hernandez.docx
        date: 2015-04-25
       words: 3357
      flesch: 32
     summary: A System Dynamics model for water footprint management In this section, we provide the analysis of the dynamic behaviour of the WF and water scarcity across an indicative AFSC. Indicatively, the agricultural sector consumes and pollutes approximately 70 % of the global freshwater resources (UNESCO, 2009), intensifying DOI: 10.3303/CET1543020 Please cite this article as: Aivazidou E., Tsolakis N., Vlachos D., Iakovou E., 2015, Water footprint management policies for agrifood supply chains: a critical taxonomy and a system dynamics modelling approach, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 43, 115-120 DOI: 10.3303/CET1543020 115 global water scarcity.
    keywords: afsc; food; freshwater; management; production; products; water
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        item: #6523 of 7527
          id: cet-4788
      author: sauro
       title: Microsoft Word - 476hernandez.docx
        date: 2015-04-25
       words: 2870
      flesch: 40
     summary: More specifically, in a previous work CA membranes loaded with lysozime have been prepared from CA- acetone solutions at various polymer concentrations (from 5 to 20 % w/w in CA), temperatures (between 35 and 55 °C) and pressures (from 150 to 250 bar) by SC-CO2 assisted phase inversion method (Baldino et al., 2014c). Starting from the encouraging results obtained for CA-lysozyme system, in the present work, the production of CA membranes loaded with Psb by SC-CO2 assisted phase inversion is proposed, to obtain an active packaging device.
    keywords: cardea; co2; membranes; phase; psb; reverchon
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        item: #6524 of 7527
          id: cet-4789
      author: sauro
       title: Microsoft Word - 476hernandez.docx
        date: 2015-04-25
       words: 2790
      flesch: 51
     summary: 1.4 Objective This study was conducted to investigate the efficiency of red dragon fruit anthocyanins encapsulation using microwave-assisted technique at different drying times and the thermal stability of encapsulated anthocyanins. 3. Results and discussion 3.1 Encapsulation of anthocyanins The encapsulation process of red dragon fruit anthocyanins was done by microwave assisted technique at five different drying times to find the outcome of using the different time as well as to identify the most efficient and suitable condition.
    keywords: anthocyanins; capsule; drying; encapsulation; food; min; time
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        item: #6525 of 7527
          id: cet-479
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-479
        date: 2018-07-19
       words: 3047
      flesch: 40
     summary: 5.2 Computational results and analysis Table 1: Flow rate ( dayton / ) of biomass from growing region to bioethanol plants (Plant-R-XX) and solid waste from Plant-R-XX to solid waste plants (SW-R-XX) for 2020 Transport → TRACTOR Energy crops Wheat Corn Straw Wheat Straw Corn Flow path Solid Waste Plant-R-9 R-26 to R-9 1.00 1.00 500.72 1.00 Plant-R-9 to SW-R-26 258.24 Plant-R-8 R-12 to R-8 1.00 1.00 500.72 1.00 Plant-R-8 to SW-R-12 258.24 Plant-R-26 R-9 to R-26 500.72 Plant-R-26 to SW-R-26 258.24 R-26 to R-26 1.00 1.00 1.00 Plant-R-12 R-8 to R-12 364.03 Plant-R-12 to SW-R-12 258.24 R-12 to R-12 1.00 1.00 136.68 R-22 to R-12 1.00 Plant-R-27 R-4 to R-27 47.34 Plant-R-27 to SW-R-18 219.51 R-27 to R-27 78.11 R-18 to R-27 1.00 1.00 298.48 1.00 R-2 to R-27 1.00 Plant-R-18 R-27 to R-18 1.00 374.40 Plant-R-18 to SW-R-18 193.68 R-22 to R-18 1.00 R-18 to R-18 1.00 Plant-R-22 R-14 to R-22 1.00 1.00 393.66 38.02 Plant-R-22 to SW-R-14 258.24 R-16 to R-22 70.04 293 Table 2: Summary of computational results in case - Minimum Annualized Total Cost Years 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 Investment cost ($/year)106 1.862 2.793 3.531 4.462 6.248 Production cost ($/year)106 4.326 6.740 9.907 13.871 20.756 Transportation cost ($/year)106 3.165 4.457 6.086 8.317 12.854 Carbon tax levied in the work of IBSC ($/year)106 1.743 2.727 4.014 5.661 12.952 Government incentives for bioethanol production -2.800 -4.371 -6.453 -9.079 -13.622 TOTAL COST ($/year)106 8.297 12.346 17.086 23.232 34.778 GHG emission to grow biomass 1422 1413 1978 1792 1792 GHG emission for production bioethanol and waste 64.220 100.238 147.930 208.018 312.033 GHG emission from transportation 228.289 211.298 311.615 266.253 277.120 GHG emission from biofuel usage 37.866 59.113 87.276 122.781 184.219 Total GHG emission for IBSC (kgCO2-eq./year)106 The problem for optimal location of bioethanol production plants and the efficient use of the available land is formulated as a MILP model with the following notation. 3.1 Mathematical model description To start with the description of the MILP model, we first introduce the parameters, that are constant and known a priori, and the variables that are subject to optimization.
    keywords: bioethanol; biomass; cost; ghg; ibsc; impact; model; production; total; transportation; waste
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        item: #6526 of 7527
          id: cet-4790
      author: sauro
       title: Microsoft Word - 476hernandez.docx
        date: 2015-04-25
       words: 2975
      flesch: 42
     summary: Before extraction corn silage was dried at 45 °C during 24 h and milled in a blender (HR 2860, Philips). 2.6 Experimental design Box - Behnken design was applied to identify optimum levels of extraction conditions, including liquid - solid ratio, extraction temperature, extraction time and solvent composition regarding of response - content of total phenolic compounds (TPC), total extractible proanthocyanidins (TPA) and antiradical power (ARP) of corn silage extracts.
    keywords: arp; corn; ethanol; extraction; liquid; ratio; silage; temperature; tpa
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        item: #6527 of 7527
          id: cet-4791
      author: sauro
       title: Microsoft Word - 476hernandez.docx
        date: 2015-04-25
       words: 2613
      flesch: 61
     summary: 3.3 Rehydration curves Figures 5 and 6 show the rehydration curves of dried onion slices (5mm and 10 mm thickness) at 30 ºC. In all cases it was observed a high rehydration rate during the first ten minutes, and after that an asymptotic increase happened during the next 50 min. From this point onwards the moisture content remained constant. After that, the DOI: 10.3303/CET1543024 Please cite this article as: Reyes A., Cares V., Mahn A., 2015, Analysis of dried onions in a hybrid solar dryer, freeze dryer and tunnel dryer, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 43, 139-144 DOI: 10.3303/CET1543024 139 air enters the drying chamber (0.5 m*0.5m *1.2 m), where it distributes to pass over 10 perforated plate trays made of stainless steel (0.45m*0.5m), located in two sections of 5 trays each one.
    keywords: dryer; drying; freeze; hybrid; onion; solar; tunnel
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        item: #6528 of 7527
          id: cet-4792
      author: sauro
       title: Microsoft Word - 476hernandez.docx
        date: 2015-04-25
       words: 2658
      flesch: 32
     summary: CALS software systems (Bessarabov et al., 2010) are designed to support a single information space of the lifecycle stages of a product. 2. Information CALS-model of drying-agglomeration process in production of biologically active additives In this work, using CALS methods, an information model was elaborated which includes all the steps (marketing, design, production, service and repair, and realization and sale) of the technology of producing biologically active additives of a new generation from an extract of medicinal herbs and gelatin-starch 146 complex.
    keywords: additives; cals; design; information; methods; product; production; step; technology
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        item: #6529 of 7527
          id: cet-4793
      author: sauro
       title: Microsoft Word - 476hernandez.docx
        date: 2015-04-25
       words: 3054
      flesch: 50
     summary: Dealing with this topic, meat cooking is one of the processes that can extend the storage life and prevent damages to the consumer by the destruction of a considerable number of microorganisms, according to the time and temperature of the process (i.e. it is well renowned that bacteria are gradually destroyed at temperatures above 70 °C. Since roast beef cooking is a very common dish, it has been considered as a good base case for meat cooking.
    keywords: cooking; food; heat; loss; mass; meat; model; process; temperature; water
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        item: #6530 of 7527
          id: cet-4794
      author: sauro
       title: Microsoft Word - 476hernandez.docx
        date: 2015-04-25
       words: 3056
      flesch: 48
     summary: A publication of The Italian Association of Chemical Engineering Online at www.aidic.it/cet Chief Editors: Sauro Pierucci, Jiří J. Klemeš Copyright © 2015, AIDIC Servizi S.r.l., ISBN 978-88-95608-34-1; ISSN 2283-9216 Product-Driven Process Synthesis for the Extraction of Polyphenols from Fresh Tea Leaves Aleksandra Zderic*, Edwin Zondervan, Jan Meuldijk Eindhoven University of Technology, Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry a.zderic@tue.nl Polyphenolic compounds present in fresh tea leaves are related to health benefits, and they can be used as food items and vitamin supplements. The Product-driven process synthesis methodology a well-defined structured approach for the conceptual design of an extraction process for polyphenols from fresh tea leaves was highlighted in this study.
    keywords: design; extraction; field; leaves; number; polyphenols; pps; process; tea
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        item: #6531 of 7527
          id: cet-4795
      author: sauro
       title: Microsoft Word - 476hernandez.docx
        date: 2015-04-25
       words: 3171
      flesch: 50
     summary: According to literature, the range of gelatinization temperatures of wheat starch is: 51 – 79°C (Singh et al., 2003). 80, 755-763. Eliasson A.C., 1983a, Differential Scanning Calorimetry studies on wheat starch gluten mixtures.
    keywords: dough; figure; food; gluten; granules; proteins; starch; thermal; water; wheat
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        item: #6532 of 7527
          id: cet-4796
      author: sauro
       title: Microsoft Word - 476hernandez.docx
        date: 2015-04-25
       words: 2436
      flesch: 48
     summary: Maffei M., 2014, Magnetic field effects on plant growth, development, and evolution, Frontiers in Plant Science, 5:445 DOI:10.3389/fpls.2014.00445 Chlorophyll type Chlorophyll a Chlorophyll b Total Chlorophyll C h lo ro p h yl l co n te n t (m g /g le a ve s ) 0 1 2 3 4 Unexposed seeds (US) Low Intensity Magnetic Fields (LIMF) High Intensity Magnetic Fields (HIMF) Electric Fields (EF) Electromagnetic Fields (EMF) 173 Pietruszewski S., 2014, Electromagnetic Fields, Impact on Seed Germination and Plant Growth. In this regard, our study focuses on the comparison of the effects on seeds when exposed to magnetic fields of high and low intensities, and to electric and electromagnetic fields.
    keywords: chlorophyll; fields; figure; germination; growth; mays; seeds; zea
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        item: #6533 of 7527
          id: cet-4797
      author: sauro
       title: Microsoft Word - 476hernandez.docx
        date: 2015-04-25
       words: 3931
      flesch: 52
     summary: Wilara, 2014, Threshing and buying-in bee bread, <www.wilara.lt> accessed 14.11.2014 Zuluaga C., 2010, Chemometric analysis to differentiate the physical-chemical fingerprint of bee products in Colombia, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Medellín, Colombia (in Spanish). Damintoti K., Mamoudou H., Simpore J., Traore A., 2005, Antioxidant and antibacterial activities of polyphenols from ethnomedicinal plants of Burkina Faso, African J. Biotechnol. 4, 823–828. DeGrandi-Hoffman G., Eckholm B., Huang M., 2013, A comparison of bee bread made by Africanized and European honey bees (Apis mellifera) and its effects on hemolymph protein titers, Apidologie 44, 52-63.
    keywords: activity; antioxidant; bee; bread; colombia; compounds; content; pollen; protein
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        item: #6534 of 7527
          id: cet-4798
      author: sauro
       title: Microsoft Word - 476hernandez.docx
        date: 2015-04-25
       words: 2935
      flesch: 42
     summary: The data were processed in two ways: in a single cluster, including all the available samples and, separately, for Conegliano Valdobbiadene Prosecco Superiore DOCG and Prosecco DOC samples. Figure 4: Classification analysis by PCA of DOCG samples (left) and DOC samples (right).
    keywords: analysis; chemical; classification; data; docg; non; nose; prosecco; samples
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        item: #6535 of 7527
          id: cet-4799
      author: sauro
       title: Microsoft Word - 476hernandez.docx
        date: 2015-04-25
       words: 4012
      flesch: 46
     summary: Further innovation was the direct inclusion of grape seeds (by-products from distillery) that represents a simple solution for the recovery of low cost bio-active compounds. g Total polyphenols 0.034 g 0.007 g 1.2 Innovative raw materials The basic ingredient of SOcrock is, therefore, national white sorghum which, alongside grape seeds, gives the product an healthy and eco-innovative connotation.
    keywords: bar; environmental; fiber; food; grape; product; production; seeds; socrock; sorghum; water
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        item: #6536 of 7527
          id: cet-480
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-480
        date: 2018-07-19
       words: 3623
      flesch: 53
     summary: Pan M., Bulatov I., Smith R., 2016, Improving heat recovery in retrofitting heat exchanger networks with heat transfer intensification, pressure drop constraint and fouling mitigation, Applied Energy, 161, 611–626. Using this analysis, it can be known during the Bridge Analysis targeting phase the required features of a retrofit design including the number of heat exchangers as well as whether a stream split or cyclic match is needed.
    keywords: analysis; bridge; exchanger; figure; heat; hen; recovery; retrofit; stream
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        item: #6537 of 7527
          id: cet-4800
      author: sauro
       title: Microsoft Word - 476hernandez.docx
        date: 2015-04-25
       words: 3054
      flesch: 50
     summary: A publication of The Italian Association of Chemical Engineering Online at www.aidic.it/cet Chief Editors: Sauro Pierucci, Jiří J. Klemeš Copyright © 2015, AIDIC Servizi S.r.l., ISBN 978-88-95608-34-1; ISSN 2283-9216 Life Cycle Assessment of Apple Powders Produced by a Drum Drying Process Iolanda De Marco, Raffaele Iannone, Salvatore Miranda, Stefano Riemma* University of Salerno, Department of Industrial Engineering, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 132, 84084, Fisciano (SA), Italy riemma@unisa.it This work aimed at evaluating the environmental performances of apple powders production based on a life cycle approach. In this work, a Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) study was performed to evaluate the environmental impacts of the industrial phases of apple powders production, obtained by a drum drying process.
    keywords: apple; cycle; drum; drying; energy; life; powders; production
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        item: #6538 of 7527
          id: cet-4801
      author: sauro
       title: Microsoft Word - 476hernandez.docx
        date: 2015-04-25
       words: 3265
      flesch: 57
     summary: 2.4 Determination of shelf-life for low water activity food products Shelf-life of low water activity food products could be calculated from the moisture adsorption isotherm by using the equation 6 according to the methodology of Escobedo-Avellaneda et al. 2012, in which X ( g water / g product) is the moisture content of food products with subscripts i, c and e for: initial content, critical (initial level of moisture content where the product becomes unacceptable), and the equilibrium moisture content (level of moisture content when the product would be in equilibrium with the external relative humidity) respectively. Thus, the objective of this study was modelling shelf-life of apple products according to their water activity.
    keywords: activity; apple; food; life; moisture; products; shelf; time; water
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        item: #6539 of 7527
          id: cet-4802
      author: sauro
       title: Microsoft Word - 476hernandez.docx
        date: 2015-04-25
       words: 3403
      flesch: 39
     summary: TLE: total lipid extraction, HTL: hydrolysis after total lipid extraction; AHTL: acidification after HTL; AHTL + base: basification after AHTL; SAE: specific method for astaxanthin extraction; SAH: specific astaxanthin hydrolysis after SAE. However Scenedesmus sp. can be a good candidate for astaxanthin production owing to the fast growth rate and good resistance in stressed condition (e.g. growth in wastewater).
    keywords: acid; astaxanthin; biomass; carbohydrates; concentration; extraction; lipids; microalgae; production; recovery
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        item: #6540 of 7527
          id: cet-4803
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 298Zuorro1.docx
        date: 2015-05-26
       words: 3699
      flesch: 55
     summary: Overall, the results obtained strongly support the use of commercial enzyme preparations to improve lipid recovery from microalgae and provide useful information on the influence of process conditions on the treatment efficiency. This is due to the fact that microalgae have thick and highly resistant cell walls that must be broken to allow lipid recovery.
    keywords: cell; enzyme; lipid; nannochloropsis; recovery
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        item: #6541 of 7527
          id: cet-4804
      author: sauro
       title: Microsoft Word - 476hernandez.docx
        date: 2015-04-25
       words: 3808
      flesch: 49
     summary: Once validated the model will allow to predict PI curves using fast and reliable fluorescence measurement, instead of performing a time consuming and inaccurate PI curve protocol. In particular, the importance of considering the protocol used to perform PI curve measurements will be pointed out.
    keywords: curves; experiment; fluorescence; light; microalgae; model; parameter
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        item: #6542 of 7527
          id: cet-4805
      author: sauro
       title: Microsoft Word - 476hernandez.docx
        date: 2015-04-25
       words: 3407
      flesch: 44
     summary: Two of the most critical aspects during hydrolysate fermentation to obtain high ethanol productivity are: yeast selection and nutrient supplementation. The objective of this study was to evaluate different nutrients supplementation (ZnSO4, MgSO4, MnSO4 and KH2PO4) in a sugarcane bagasse hydrolysate to increase ethanol productivity during fermentation with a native strain of Saccharomyces cerevisiae (202-3).
    keywords: cerevisiae; ethanol; fermentation; g l-1; kh2po4; l-1; productivity; strain; sugarcane
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        item: #6543 of 7527
          id: cet-4806
      author: sauro
       title: Microsoft Word - 476hernandez.docx
        date: 2015-04-25
       words: 3931
      flesch: 46
     summary: Table 1: Catalyst activity testing with different ethanol purity H2O/ethanol = 3 (mol/mol) 2.2 Catalytic activity testing with bioethanol of different purity Two different bioethanol solutions have been experimentally tested, with ethanol concentration ca.
    keywords: bioethanol; ethanol; fuel; process; production; purification; ratio; rossetti; water
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        item: #6544 of 7527
          id: cet-4807
      author: sauro
       title: Microsoft Word - 476hernandez.docx
        date: 2015-04-25
       words: 3266
      flesch: 41
     summary: The rate of mass transfer is expressed by the overall volumetric mass transfer coefficient, which is a function of interfacial area and liquid phase mass transfer coefficient. A publication of The Italian Association of Chemical Engineering Online at www.aidic.it/cet Chief Editors: Sauro Pierucci, Jiří J. Klemeš Copyright © 2015, AIDIC Servizi S.r.l., ISBN 978-88-95608-34-1; ISSN 2283-9216 Mass Transfer, Light Pulsing and Hydrodynamic Stress Effects in Photobioreactor Development Agnese Ciccia*, Marco Stollera, Monica Moronib, Marco Bravia a Dipartimento Ingegneria Chimica Materiali Ambiente, Sapienza Università di Roma, Roma, Italy b Dipartimento di Ingegneria Civile Edile ed Ambientale, Sapienza Università di Roma, Roma, Italy agnese.cicci@uniroma1.it Photobioreactor scalability involves multiple different interacting aspects including mass transfer, light pulsing and hydrodynamic stress.
    keywords: dye; flow; liquid; mass; photobioreactor; rate; transfer
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        item: #6545 of 7527
          id: cet-4808
      author: sauro
       title: Microsoft Word - 476hernandez.docx
        date: 2015-04-25
       words: 4051
      flesch: 43
     summary: Composition % (wt/wt) Mass (g/25 g BSG) Ribose 59.49 2.29 56.51 1.61 53.79 1.61 Xylose 14.35 0.55 0.00 0.00 9.52 0.28 Arabinose 0.00 0.00 22.02 Composition % (wt/wt) Mass (g/25 g BSG) Ribose 65.91 3.67 57.72 1.84 55.09 2.16 Xylose 5.95 0.33 0.00 0.00 8.52 0.33
    keywords: bsg; ethanol; fermentation; hydrolysis; marxianus; pre; stipitis; sugars; treatment
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        item: #6546 of 7527
          id: cet-4809
      author: sauro
       title: Microsoft Word - 476hernandez.docx
        date: 2015-04-25
       words: 2713
      flesch: 43
     summary: Laboratory experiments regarding commercial gasoline components The experimental program’s objective follows the physical properties of the blending components and the gasoline obtained by blending the components into different proportions determination. The laboratory experiments have determinate: a) physical properties for four components used to obtain commercial gasoline (FCC gasoline, reformer gasoline, izopentane and bioethanol); b) physical properties of 60 blends with known composition, using the four components studied earlier.
    keywords: = =; blending; components; content; gasoline; properties
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        item: #6547 of 7527
          id: cet-481
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-481
        date: 2018-07-19
       words: 3378
      flesch: 59
     summary: The boundary condition is assumed as follows: excess air percentage is 20%, coal feed flow rate is 0.24 kgs-1 for all types of coal, primary air feed flow rate is 1 kgs-1, secondary air feed flow rate is 1 kgs-1, outlet pressure is 101.325 kPa, wall temperature is 1,000 K, specific heat for all types of coal is 1,680 Jkg-1s-1 and thermal conductivity is 0.033 Wm-1K-1. For modelling the turbulence characteristics of pulverized coal combustion, Kurose et.
    keywords: coal; combustion; feeding; flow; furnace; model; temperature
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        item: #6548 of 7527
          id: cet-4810
      author: sauro
       title: Microsoft Word - 476hernandez.docx
        date: 2015-04-25
       words: 3586
      flesch: 48
     summary: In order the obtain the TOC profiles, the hypothesis of proportionality between TOC reduction rate and biomass growth rate was adopted: acid T=25°C T=30°C T=35°C T=40°C Palmitic acid (C16:0) 22.0 22.3 22.3 22.5 Stearic acid (C18:0) 17.4 17.6 18.1 18.5 Oleic acid (C18:1) 45.1 44.9 44.8 44.6 Linoleic acid (C18:2) 6.0 5.9 6.1 5.9 References Angerbauer C., Siebenhofer M., Mittelbach M., Guebitzn, G.M., 2008, Conversion of sewage sludge into lipids by Lipomyces starkeyi for biodiesel production, Biores.
    keywords: biodiesel; biomass; growth; lipid; production; starkeyi; temperature; toc
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        item: #6549 of 7527
          id: cet-4811
      author: sauro
       title: Microsoft Word - 476hernandez.docx
        date: 2015-04-25
       words: 3342
      flesch: 44
     summary: Table 1: Results of immobilization yield, CLEA concentration and immobilized activity of bovine CA CLEA and bovine CA m-CLEA prepared at 2 g/L bovine CA and 100 mM glutaraldehyde. 2.2 Activity assay Activity assay of bovine CA CLEA was performed following the titrimetric method reported by Worthington (1993) for free CA and adapted to the CLEA suspension, as reported, in a previous work, on immobilized CA on solid support (Russo et al., 2013b).
    keywords: activity; anhydrase; bovine; clea; co2; concentration; cross; enzyme; glutaraldehyde; immobilization
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        item: #6550 of 7527
          id: cet-4812
      author: sauro
       title: Microsoft Word - 476hernandez.docx
        date: 2015-04-25
       words: 3928
      flesch: 43
     summary: In this work, the dynamic response of a single, spherical and isotonic cell during the osmotic runs is described on the basis of the following 2-parameters model by Kleinahns (1998): ( ) ( )[ ] 0@intint ==−+−−= + tVVMMMMRTAL dt dV iso wwDMSO ext DMSONaCl ext SucroseNaClP w (1) ( ) 0@0~ int ==−= tVMMAP dt dV CPADMSO ext DMSODMSODMSO DMSO υ (2) Here wV and DMSOV represent the water and DMSO volumic contributions to cell volume cellV ; R is the universal gas constant; T is the system temperature; A is the cell membrane area (assumed to change spherically with cellV ); DMSOυ~ is the DMSO molar volume (equal to 7.1 10 -5 m3/mol). In such a case, the osmotic equilibrium condition between the intra- and extra-cellular compartments is reached when cell volume and its DMSO contribution will attain the following values: ( ) ( )extDMSODMSOext SucroseNaCl iso NaCl bbiso cell equilcell M M M V V υυυ ~11
    keywords: cell; dmso; hypertonic; isotonic; model; volume
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        item: #6551 of 7527
          id: cet-4813
      author: sauro
       title: Microsoft Word - 476hernandez.docx
        date: 2015-04-25
       words: 3036
      flesch: 49
     summary: In particular, Figure 4a shows that high pyrene concentrations lead to higher growth rate when lecithin is absent in the medium, while its addition decreases growth rate. The research was carried out by using in vitro systems developed on Petri dishes, where microbial strains are exposed to chemical pollutants, in particular pyrene and chrysene along with addition of surfactants, peptone, copper sulphate and lecithin that may promote fungal growth and tolerance.
    keywords: chrysene; growth; lecithin; model; peptone; pyrene; rot; tween
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        item: #6552 of 7527
          id: cet-4814
      author: sauro
       title: Microsoft Word - 476hernandez.docx
        date: 2015-04-25
       words: 2585
      flesch: 41
     summary: The application of the pineapple residue as a substrate renewable source ensures low cost production, since the pineapple is extensively cultivated in Brazil and these residues are discarded. There is still, however, a need to improve and expand such production process with the development of new technologies for application and suitability production conditions.
    keywords: biosurfactant; glycerol; oil; production; substrate; surface; tension
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        item: #6553 of 7527
          id: cet-4815
      author: sauro
       title: Microsoft Word - 476hernandez.docx
        date: 2015-04-25
       words: 3632
      flesch: 48
     summary: They are based on mathematical models able to predict the dynamics of drug concentration in the organism. Finally, it is worth observing that the apparent overestimation of concentration in the PT compartment, should take into account that experimental values refer exclusively to drug concentration in the skin while PT refers to a larger set of tissues (e.g., muscles) which reasonably account for higher drug concentration respect to skin.
    keywords: compartment; drug; liver; model; plasma; sorafenib; tissues; ∙ ∙
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        item: #6554 of 7527
          id: cet-4816
      author: sauro
       title: Microsoft Word - 476hernandez.docx
        date: 2015-04-25
       words: 3034
      flesch: 50
     summary: The samples were characterized with respect to biomass content, pH and PHB concentration. The analysis of the data of PHB concentration vs. time assessed for both cultures (Figure 2 B and D) highlights that nitrogen deficiency was favorable to PHB synthesis.
    keywords: cell; concentration; conditions; cultures; cyanobacteria; medium; nitrogen; phb; plastics; production
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        item: #6555 of 7527
          id: cet-4817
      author: sauro
       title: Microsoft Word - 476hernandez.docx
        date: 2015-04-25
       words: 3562
      flesch: 46
     summary: Stone washing tests showed 48.0 % removal at 0.5 % biosurfactant concentration and testing for oil removal in soil results showed around 63.0 % for the removal of motor oil adsorbed on fresh sand. The material was then carefully placed in a 100 mL beaker 296 with the aid of a pincers and submitted to washing with the cell-free metabolic broth (crude biosurfactant) and with the isolated biosurfactant at ½ CMC and at the CMC concentration.
    keywords: application; biosurfactant; cmc; motor; oil; pseudomonas; removal; soil; surface; water
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        item: #6556 of 7527
          id: cet-4818
      author: sauro
       title: Microsoft Word - 476hernandez.docx
        date: 2015-04-25
       words: 3208
      flesch: 47
     summary: through sulfur-deprived and hybrid system strategy, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 43, 301-306 DOI: 10.3303/CET1543051 301 In the current study, hydrogen production by Chlorella sp., a green unicellular alga, was investigated under different culture conditions, including sulphur deprivation, autotrophic and heterotrophic systems. In addition, the integration of more than one biological route, anaerobic consortium and phototrophic microorganisms, for hydrogen production utilizing residual organic substrates, in connection with wastewater treatment, is a competitive process.
    keywords: chlorella; dark; fermentation; hydrogen; medium; production; sulfur
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        item: #6557 of 7527
          id: cet-4819
      author: sauro
       title: Microsoft Word - 476hernandez.docx
        date: 2015-04-25
       words: 3080
      flesch: 42
     summary: In this work, we further developed the processing of starch aerogels, studying the effect of starch source (maize, potato and wheat starch), time of solvent exchanging and starch concentration (5, 10 and 15 wt %) on the morphology of aerogels. Indeed, at all the starting concentrations in the range 5 – 15 % w/w, the aerogel was constituted by microparticles with a nanoporous structure, as evidenced in Figures 4a and 4b, where maize starch aerogels obtained at different starting concentrations are reported.
    keywords: aerogels; drying; materials; reverchon; solvent; starch; supercritical; time
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        item: #6558 of 7527
          id: cet-482
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-482
        date: 2018-07-19
       words: 3897
      flesch: 56
     summary: One of the techniques is the synthesis of heat integrated water regeneration networks (HIWRN). The freshwater (and wastewater), regeneration water, and utility requirements are identical to the results from a fixed regeneration temperature of 60°C.
    keywords: energy; heat; regeneration; temperature; water; ↓ ↓
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        item: #6559 of 7527
          id: cet-4820
      author: sauro
       title: Microsoft Word - 476hernandez.docx
        date: 2015-04-25
       words: 3810
      flesch: 37
     summary: The cultivation of Lc. lactis CECT 4434 was conducted with the addition of 10% (v/v) of the inoculum in 250 mL Erlenmeyer flasks containing 100 mL of MRS supplemented individually with the prebiotic ingredient under analysis. The growth kinetics for Lc. lactis CECT 4434 was investigated during the fermentation, both in the absence of prebiotics (control) and in their presence.
    keywords: cect; growth; inulin; lactis; medium; mrs
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        item: #6560 of 7527
          id: cet-4821
      author: sauro
       title: Microsoft Word - 476hernandez.docx
        date: 2015-04-25
       words: 3653
      flesch: 44
     summary: Nonetheless, due to strong ethanol inhibition, molasses dilution is necessary in order to maintain ethanol concentration in the broth below the threshold of toxicity at the end of fermentation. Optimized sugar concentration were found after analyzing the following output variables: ethanol stripped (%), ethanol concentration in condensate (w/w), ethanol recovered (%), selectivity and ethanol mass fraction in the broth (w/w).
    keywords: broth; concentration; ethanol; feed; fermentation; flow; gas; process; rate; sugar
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        item: #6561 of 7527
          id: cet-4822
      author: sauro
       title: Microsoft Word - 476hernandez.docx
        date: 2015-04-25
       words: 3591
      flesch: 50
     summary: Compared to soybean oil, palm oil has a higher content of free fat acids (FFA), which must be removed before transesterification for biodiesel production (Zhang et al., 2003a). A residence time of 0.3 h was necessary for the conversion of 50 % of the FFA in soybean oil and 7.1 h were necessary for the conversion of 95 % of the FFA in palm oil.
    keywords: biodiesel; brazil; cost; ethanol; oil; palm; process; production; soybean; vegetable
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        item: #6562 of 7527
          id: cet-4823
      author: sauro
       title: Microsoft Word - 476hernandez.docx
        date: 2015-04-25
       words: 3028
      flesch: 60
     summary: A publication of The Italian Association of Chemical Engineering Online at www.aidic.it/cet Chief Editors: Sauro Pierucci, Jiří J. Klemeš Copyright © 2015, AIDIC Servizi S.r.l., ISBN 978-88-95608-34-1; ISSN 2283-9216 Reuse of Whey Cheese for Lipase Production by Candida lipolytica Marcelo A. Silvaa,b, Thayse A. L. Silva*b, Alexandra A. Salgueirob, Galba M. Campos-Takakib, Elias B. Tambourgia aSchool of Chemical Engineering, University of Campinas, UNICAMP 13083-852, Campinas, SP, Brazil bDepartment of Chemistry, Catholic University of Pernambuco, UNICAP, Recife, PE, Brazil silva_tal@yahoo.com.br This work evaluated the use of cheese whey for lipase production by Candida lipolytica under submerged cultivation. Please cite this article as: Andrade Silva M., Silva T.A.L., Amorim Salgueiro A., Campos Takaki G.M., Tambourgi E.B., 2015, Reuse of whey cheese for lipase production by candida lipolytica, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 43, 331-336 DOI: 10.3303/CET1543056 331 have large capacity adjust to environmental conditions, are capable of performing catalytic reactions under extreme conditions of temperature and pH in the presence of organic solvents and (Lima et al., 2014; Messias et al, 2011; Nagar, Dwivedi, Shrivastava, 2013; Nigam, 2013; Sharma, Kanwar, 2014).
    keywords: candida; cheese; lipase; lipolytica; oil; olive; production; whey
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        item: #6563 of 7527
          id: cet-4824
      author: sauro
       title: Microsoft Word - 476hernandez.docx
        date: 2015-04-25
       words: 3630
      flesch: 40
     summary: Microbial fuel cell is based on a biochemical oxidation process which generates electrical energy to be transferred to the cathode chamber. Rabaey K., Verstraeten W., 2005b, Microbial fuel cells: novel biotechnology for energy generation, Trends in Biotechnology, 23 (6), 291-298. Salmon J.M., 1989, Effect of sugar transport inactivation in Saccharomyces Cerevisiae on sluggish and stuck enological fermentations, Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 55, 933-958.
    keywords: acceptor; anode; blue; cell; chamber; electron; energy; fuel; mediator; methylene
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        item: #6564 of 7527
          id: cet-4825
      author: sauro
       title: Microsoft Word - 476hernandez.docx
        date: 2015-04-25
       words: 4388
      flesch: 34
     summary: In Brazil, experiments with the use of bioreactors for the management of pesticide waste started four years ago, seeking to evaluate efficiency of systems for safety disposal of pesticide effluents, its recommendation for official use by the Brazilian government with international recognition, and besides its efficiency as a safety system to the environment, rural workers and food products from Brazil. 1.1 Disposal of pesticide effluents Brazilian law provides that the residue of pesticides, not being mixed with other chemicals, must have proper disposal according to the manufacturer's labelling.
    keywords: bioreactors; brazil; brazilian; chemical; contamination; disposal; pesticides; soil; substrate; system; tests; water
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        item: #6565 of 7527
          id: cet-4826
      author: sauro
       title: Microsoft Word - 476hernandez.docx
        date: 2015-04-25
       words: 2376
      flesch: 36
     summary: Several advances in process synthesis has been achieved in recent decades, taking into account proposed strategies, tools and frameworks for process synthesis, three types of approaches can be differenced: heuristic-based approaches which uses specialized knowledge of a process and specific experience, mathematical programming-based approaches which uses a DOI: 10.3303/CET1543059 Please cite this article as: Paredes K., Boneu A., Gaviria F., Gonzalez-Delgado A.D., 2015, Development of a hybrid methodology for synthesis of biofuels production processes based on optimization superstructures, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 43, 349-354 DOI: 10.3303/CET1543059 349 superstructure optimization formulation with an objective function desired, and hybrid approaches, which combines both hierarchical decomposition and mathematical programming (Yuan et al., 2013). On the other hand, the conceptual design of processes belongs to the area of chemical process synthesis, which was pioneered by authors as Douglas (1988) and Rudd & Watson (1968), process synthesis has had an important impact in the development, of chemical processes, providing systematic methodologies for identifying flowrates, design conditions and optimal networks.
    keywords: chemical; g k; optimization; process; product; superstructure
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        item: #6566 of 7527
          id: cet-4827
      author: sauro
       title: Microsoft Word - 476hernandez.docx
        date: 2015-04-25
       words: 4223
      flesch: 47
     summary: 4.2 Effects of using 100% (v/v) CO2 on cell growth, pH evolution and lipid content The effect of high CO2 concentration on the growth of N. eucaryotum in semi-batch photobioreactors was also investigated. From 358 Figure 2a it can be observed that, under these conditions, microalgae start growing with a modest lag phase, which probably indicates the intrinsic affinity of N. eucaryotum for high dissolved CO2 concentration in the growth medium.
    keywords: batch; co2; concentration; data; eucaryotum; growth; microalgae; rate
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        item: #6567 of 7527
          id: cet-4828
      author: sauro
       title: Microsoft Word - 476hernandez.docx
        date: 2015-04-25
       words: 3245
      flesch: 45
     summary: When developing a mathematical model of the kinetics of Chlorella vulgaris biomass growth the following assumptions have been made: access of gas-and-air mixture bubbles to a cell is not inhibited; the concentration of oxygen is sufficient for energy metabolism; the concentration of mineral salts in all parts of the photobioreactor is the same; the level of illuminance of the biomass cells provides enough energy for photosynthesis; cells age and die-out rate were not considered in the model of lipid formation process; the cultivation process is carried out under pH=6.2÷8.0; the processes of feeding, photosynthesis, reproduction etc. are simultaneous. Figure 4: Dynamics of biomass growth in Tamiya medium at different levels of illuminance Figure 5: Dynamics of Chlorella vulgaris IFR № С- 111 biomass growth at different temperatures 0 10 20 30 0 20 40 0 50 100 Il lu m in an ce l ev el , % Radius, mm Cells, MCells/mL Figure 6: Dependency of illuminance level on the radius and the concentration of cells Figure 7: Сhlorella vulgaris biomass increase in standard (1) and nitrogen-depleted Tamiya (2) media During the fifth stage of the experiment the distance between lighting elements was adjusted.
    keywords: biomass; chlorella; cultivation; figure; growth; medium; microalgae; vulgaris
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        item: #6568 of 7527
          id: cet-4829
      author: sauro
       title: Microsoft Word - 476hernandez.docx
        date: 2015-04-25
       words: 4147
      flesch: 52
     summary: [ ] [ ] [ ] 2 1 2 2 3 2 4 5 2L L L L L d L k OH LH Moreover, the treatment resulted in a significant improvement of the quality of fatty acid methyl esters (FAMEs) obtained by trans- DOI: 10.3303/CET1543062 Please cite this article as: Concas A., Pisu M., Cao G., 2015, Microalgal cell disruption through fenton reaction: experiments, modeling and remarks on its effect on the extracted lipids composition, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 43, 367-372 DOI: 10.3303/CET1543062 367 esterification of extracted lipids.
    keywords: biomass; cell; disruption; lipids; reaction
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        item: #6569 of 7527
          id: cet-483
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-483
        date: 2018-07-19
       words: 2807
      flesch: 56
     summary: Mellal M., Benzeguir R., Sahel D., Ameur H., 2017, Hydro-thermal shell-side performance evaluation of a shell and tube heat exchanger under different baffle arrangement and orientation, International Journal of Thermal Sciences, 121, 138–149. Varga T., Szepesi G. Siménfalvi Z., 2017, Horizontal scraped surface heat exchanger - Experimental measurements and numerical analysis, Pollack Periodica, 12(1), 107–122. Vukic M.V., Tomic M.A., Zivkovic P.M., Ilic G.S., 2014, Effect of segmental baffles on the shell-and-tube heat exchanger effectiveness, Hemijska industrija, 68(2), 171–177. Overall heat transfer coefficient (W/m2K) Transferred heat (analytical) (W) Transferred heat (CFD) (W) difference 1 25.51 639.06 40,933.97 45,123.73 9.29 % 2 23.58 882.67 52,271.57 64,110 18.47 % 3 24.88 841.35 52,556 51,103.99 -2.84 % 4 24.53 941.49 57,991.87 54,616.87 -6.18 % 5 24.93 901.01 56,418.42
    keywords: baffles; flow; heat; heat transfer; shell; transfer; tube; type
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        item: #6570 of 7527
          id: cet-4830
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 596sforza_errata corrige.docx
        date: 2015-05-26
       words: 4025
      flesch: 49
     summary: In this work, the possibility of exploiting nutrients from landfill leachate was tested. An alternative source of nutrients with similar economical and environmental advantages is landfill leachate, which is defined as “a liquid that has passed through or emerged from solid waste and contains soluble, suspended or miscible materials removed from such waste” (US Code of Federal Regulations, 1980).
    keywords: biomass; concentration; dilution; growth; landfill; leachate; nutrient; rate
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        item: #6571 of 7527
          id: cet-4831
      author: sauro
       title: Microsoft Word - 476hernandez.docx
        date: 2015-04-25
       words: 2579
      flesch: 48
     summary: 3. Results and discussion The main chemical – physical characteristics of the biowaste and SS used as fed in this experiment are reported in Table 1 and 2. 380 Table 1: Characterization of OFMSW Parameters Units Average SD Max Min TS g/KgWW 249.2 40.9 303.2 171.5 TVS COD g/KgWW g/KgDW 225.8 967.9 38.1 86.5 275 1,078.5 153.8 874.4 TKN g/KgDW 25.58 3.5 29.4 18.8 PTOT g/KgDW 6.7 4.4 15.2 3 Table 2: Characterization of SS Parameters Units Average SD Max Min TS g/Kg 52.6 14.5 96.3 26.7 TVS COD g/Kg g/KgDW 36.9 780.7 10.1 59.2 63.4 910.2 17.8 737.4 TKN g/KgDW 51.3 5.9 62.3 45.2 PTOT g/KgDW 14.9 4.3 21.7 8.5 pH 6.4 0.1 6.7 6 Alkalinity (pH = 6) mgCaCO3/L 186.3 93.2 360 64.6 Alkalinity (pH = 4) mgCaCO3/L 803.2 209.4 1,098.2 510 NH4+ mgN-NH4+/L 133.3 45.9 196.9 71.4 To optimize the hydrogen production by fermentation is necessary to optimize the activity of enzyme hydrogenase: recent studies have shown that to maximize the yield of hydrogen production the pH should be maintained in the range 5 - 6.5, with an optimum value at 5.5 (Valdez – Vazquez et al., 2009). The proof of the good functionality of the enzymes above mentioned was showed in hydrogen production in the first stage.
    keywords: anaerobic; biowaste; codigestion; gas; hydrogen; phase; production; sludge
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        item: #6572 of 7527
          id: cet-4832
      author: sauro
       title: Microsoft Word - 476hernandez.docx
        date: 2015-04-25
       words: 3124
      flesch: 49
     summary: Introduction The constant increase in energy demand associated with the decrease in the availability of fossil fuels, as well as the universally recognized need to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and the environmental pollution, are directing energy production processes towards the use of renewable fuels. Fermentation process produce products.
    keywords: acid; biomass; fermentation; medium; process; production
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        item: #6573 of 7527
          id: cet-4833
      author: sauro
       title: Microsoft Word - 476hernandez.docx
        date: 2015-04-25
       words: 3503
      flesch: 46
     summary: The effectiveness of these pre-treatments on H2 production depends on nature of biomass, which in turn can cause the occurrence of inconsistency in results from lab scale experiments(Wang & Wan 2009). Therefore a deeper knowledge of the effects that pre-treatment methods have on H2 production from DF is necessary before operating the scaling up of these methods as well as, being H2 highly flammable and explosive, safety aspects in large-scale reactors is also a primary concern.
    keywords: bhp; biomass; hydrogen; load; methods; pre; production; tests; treatment
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        item: #6574 of 7527
          id: cet-4834
      author: sauro
       title: Microsoft Word - 476hernandez.docx
        date: 2015-04-25
       words: 4097
      flesch: 50
     summary: By performing biomass gasification tests in presence of the mixture air-steam, the amount of organic compounds heavier than naphthalene increases considerably and account for more than 20 % of the total tar. References González J.F., Romána S., Bragadoa D., Calderón M., 2008, Investigation on the reactions influencing biomass air and air/steam gasification for hydrogen production, Fuel Processing Technology, 89, 764–772. International Energy Outlook, 2014, DOE/EIA-0484, September 2014.
    keywords: air; bed; biomass; filter; gasification; gasifier; presence; steam; tar; tests
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        item: #6575 of 7527
          id: cet-4835
      author: sauro
       title: Microsoft Word - 476hernandez.docx
        date: 2015-04-25
       words: 3959
      flesch: 50
     summary: The activity of char-supported iron catalysts toward steam tar reforming process was investigated under different operational conditions. The experimental data show that catalysts have activity in steam tar reforming process.
    keywords: biomass; catalyst; char; ilmenite; process; reforming; steam; tar; temperature
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        item: #6576 of 7527
          id: cet-4836
      author: sauro
       title: Microsoft Word - 476hernandez.docx
        date: 2015-04-25
       words: 3328
      flesch: 42
     summary: The aim of the work is to perform a techno-economic analysis to compare biomethane production from three different feedstocks and considering the two most widespread technologies for biogas upgrading (i.e., water scrubbing and amine washing). Several technologies for biogas upgrading are commercially available (Bauer et al., 2013), including water washing or scrubbing with organic solvents, chemical scrubbing by means of alkanolamine solutions, pressure swing adsorption using activated carbon or molecular sieves and membrane technologies.
    keywords: biogas; biomethane; chemical; costs; energy; landfill; mdea; production; upgrading; water
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        item: #6577 of 7527
          id: cet-4837
      author: sauro
       title: Microsoft Word - 476hernandez.docx
        date: 2015-04-25
       words: 2608
      flesch: 45
     summary: Analysis of ethanol conversion products showed that among its hydrocarbons with even number of carbon atoms dominates. Its addition (not more than 40 wt.%) to ethanol halves C1-C2 yields and increases hydrocarbons yield by 20-30 wt.% in comparison with pure ethanol conversion products.
    keywords: al2o3; conversion; cross; ethanol; glycerol; hydrocarbons; products; reaction
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        item: #6578 of 7527
          id: cet-4838
      author: sauro
       title: Microsoft Word - 476hernandez.docx
        date: 2015-04-25
       words: 3331
      flesch: 47
     summary: The porosity of cellulose materials (accessible surface areas), the crystallinity of cellulose fibers, as well as lignin and hemicellulose content, influence their effectiveness (Sun and Cheng, 2002). Searching for the best conditions for cellulose conversion was continued by the hydrolysis of coniferous cellulose, which was homogenised this time.
    keywords: acid; cellulose; coniferous; eucalyptus; hydrolysis; pre; production; reaction; treatment
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        item: #6579 of 7527
          id: cet-4839
      author: sauro
       title: Microsoft Word - 476hernandez.docx
        date: 2015-04-25
       words: 3062
      flesch: 49
     summary: Table 1: Experiments Test Alcohol US amplitude, % Pulses, s on: s off Micronizer Catalyst, In the second test (in which the media mill was not rotating), US converts over 90 % of the triglycerides in 1 min. 429 Figure 2: a) Conversion to esters b) Conversion to methyl esters with US pulses and a mass fraction of 1 % catalyst and 20 % alcohol/oil (room temperature).
    keywords: biodiesel; esters; meoh; methyl; oil; reaction; triglycerides; ultrasonic
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        item: #6580 of 7527
          id: cet-484
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-484
        date: 2018-07-19
       words: 3960
      flesch: 34
     summary: Figure 1: Comparison of energy demand of simulated hybrid butanol purification processes with standalone distillation sequence In Figures 2 and 3, details of the contribution of involved separation steps to the overall energy demand of ABE purification are given. However, to ensure an economic operation two bottlenecks has to be overcome: (1) high cost of the fermentation substrate, and (2) high energy demand for butanol purification via distillation due to low solvent concentration in fermentation broth.
    keywords: adsorption; butanol; demand; distillation; energy; fermentation; hybrid; process; purification; stripping
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        item: #6581 of 7527
          id: cet-4840
      author: sauro
       title: Microsoft Word - 476hernandez.docx
        date: 2015-04-25
       words: 3716
      flesch: 41
     summary: The first approach is physically more similar to that of pellet or wood chips combustion and the latter to that of wood log combustion; 3) empirical distributions for and from the bed based on either simplified physics or experimental data to describe the heat release and species formation as a function of time (e.g. Saastamoinen, 2006). 95, 96- 108 Mehrabian R., Shiehnejadhesar A., Scharler R., Obernberger I., 2014, Multi-physics modelling of packed bed biomass combustion, Fuel 122, 164-178 Saastamoinen J., Huttunen M., Kilpinen P., Kjäldman L., Oravainen H., Boström S., 2006, Emission formation during wood log combustion in fireplaces – part II – volatile combustion stage, Prog.
    keywords: cfd; combustion; fuel; heat; log; model; modelling; stove; transient; wood
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        item: #6582 of 7527
          id: cet-4841
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 48costa_PART1_pag439_074.docx
        date: 2015-05-26
       words: 2443
      flesch: 42
     summary: In this perspective, equilibrium models reproduce the ideal performance of a gasifier. Jarungthammachote S., Dutta A., 2007, Thermodynamic equilibrium model and second law analysis of a downdraft waste gasifier.
    keywords: biomass; equilibrium; gasification; model
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        item: #6583 of 7527
          id: cet-4842
      author: sauro
       title: Microsoft Word - 476hernandez.docx
        date: 2015-04-25
       words: 2644
      flesch: 51
     summary: Chemical kinetics of biomass pyrolysis. A publication of The Italian Association of Chemical Engineering Online at www.aidic.it/cet Chief Editors: Sauro Pierucci, Jiří J. Klemeš Copyright © 2015, AIDIC Servizi S.r.l., ISBN 978-88-95608-34-1; ISSN 2283-9216 A Comprehensive CFD Model for the Biomass Pyrolysis Giancarlo Gentile*, Alberto Cuoci, Alessio Frassoldati, Tiziano Faravelli, Eliseo Ranzi Politecnico di Milano; Dipartimento di Chimica, Materiali e Ingegneria Chimica “Giulio Natta”, Piazza Leonardo Da Vinci, 32; 20133 Milano; Italia giancarlo.gentile@polimi.it The present work addresses the study of the pyrolysis of biomass particle, with the aim to improve the comprehensive mathematical model of the thermochemical processes involving solids decomposition.
    keywords: biomass; cylinder; gas; pyrolysis; temperature
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        item: #6584 of 7527
          id: cet-4843
      author: sauro
       title: Microsoft Word - 476hernandez.docx
        date: 2015-04-25
       words: 3313
      flesch: 49
     summary: Basile L., Tugnoli A., Stramigioli C., Cozzani V., 2014, Influence of pressure on the heat of biomass pyrolysis, Fuel, 137, 277-284. McKendry P., 2002, Energy production from biomass (part 2): conversion technologies, Bioresource Technology 83, 47–54. Mok W.S.L., Jr Antal M.J., 1983, Effects of pressure on biomass pyrolysis.
    keywords: biomass; dsc; heat; pressure; process; pyrolysis; runs; switchgrass
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        item: #6585 of 7527
          id: cet-4844
      author: sauro
       title: Microsoft Word - 476hernandez.docx
        date: 2015-04-25
       words: 1812
      flesch: 48
     summary: The processes of homogeneous and heterogeneous cracking of pyrolysis products on the surface of coal were studied, the optimal parameters of the carbon catalyst for this type of biomass were determined. 2. Figure 2: Gas yield per one kg of raw material during pyrolysis of softwood pellets and two types of tars cracking 458 From these data it follows that heterogeneous cracking of pyrolysis tars on the surface of charcoal is more effective than homogeneous cracking in volume of the reactor and allows receiving the maximum volume of synthesis gas in the same reactor.
    keywords: cracking; gas; products; pyrolysis
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        item: #6586 of 7527
          id: cet-4845
      author: sauro
       title: Microsoft Word - 476hernandez.docx
        date: 2015-04-25
       words: 2322
      flesch: 47
     summary: Methodology 2.1 Simulation of biodiesel production process from Sapium sebiferum. 3. Results The Figure 1 show the simulation of biodiesel production process obtained in Aspen One V 8.4.
    keywords: analysis; biodiesel; exergy; oil; process; production
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        item: #6587 of 7527
          id: cet-4846
      author: sauro
       title: Microsoft Word - 476hernandez.docx
        date: 2015-04-25
       words: 2544
      flesch: 56
     summary: 2.2 Characterization of lignin The yield of Kraft lignin in g/L was determined by gravimetric method, based on total dry solid of black liquor. • DPPH radical Regarding the ability to inhibit the DPPH radical, it was observed that after 18 min of Kraft lignin with different alcohols showed a variable behaviour, resulting higher for lignin with n-propanol (Figure 2), specially for the lignin (KLPROP ) with 1: 4 and 1:6 that showed the highest percentage of inhibition of DPPH about (98 %), after 54 min of exposure.
    keywords: cacl2; kraft; lignin; liquor; total
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        item: #6588 of 7527
          id: cet-4847
      author: sauro
       title: Microsoft Word - 476hernandez.docx
        date: 2015-04-25
       words: 3152
      flesch: 49
     summary: As depicted in Figure 1, the precipitate content of POB incubated at 4 °C was more than two-fold higher than that of POB incubated at 18 °C, confirming that temperature has a marked effect on biodiesel precipitate formation. 4. Conclusions The precipitate content and CSFT of POB incubated at 4 °C were markedly higher than those of POB incubated at 18 °C, confirming that temperature has a marked effect on biodiesel precipitate formation.
    keywords: biodiesel; cloud; fsg; pob; point; precipitate; temperature
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        item: #6589 of 7527
          id: cet-4848
      author: sauro
       title: Microsoft Word - 476hernandez.docx
        date: 2015-04-25
       words: 3529
      flesch: 45
     summary: A detailed characterization (including reaction kinetics and products distribution) of biomass devolatilization is required to provide fundamental parameters for the feasibility, design, modelling, optimisation and scaling of biomass conversion systems. As a matter of fact, in recent years TG-FTIR analysis proved to be a powerful tool for the study of biomass devolatilization (Gomez et al., 2009) and the quantitative determination of volatile species formed in the thermal decomposition of biomass substrates (Barontini et al., 2013b).
    keywords: analysis; biomass; devolatilization; figure; min; pks; temperature
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        item: #6590 of 7527
          id: cet-4849
      author: sauro
       title: Microsoft Word - 476hernandez.docx
        date: 2015-04-25
       words: 3648
      flesch: 47
     summary: The results reported in this paper were obtained by fermentation with a duration of 21 d, making the extrusions weekly with subsequent recovery of the liquid fraction for the determination of enzyme activities produced. Table 1: Ligninolytic activities yields (µmol/min*g) of dry weight of substrates on the total recovered samples at weekly frequency until 3 weeks of fermentation Yields of enzyme activities produced Enzymes Wheat bran Grape stalks Grape seeds Cellulase (reducing sugar)
    keywords: activities; bran; enzymes; fermentation; grape; production; substrates; water
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        item: #6591 of 7527
          id: cet-485
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-485
        date: 2018-07-19
       words: 2733
      flesch: 42
     summary: Despite the presence of several studies, no method for H2S decomposition can be considered commercially feasible today. H2S conversion and the H2 yield very close to the thermodynamic values (Palma et al., 2017).
    keywords: conversion; h2s; reaction; so2; yield
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        item: #6592 of 7527
          id: cet-4850
      author: sauro
       title: Microsoft Word - 476hernandez.docx
        date: 2015-04-25
       words: 3824
      flesch: 50
     summary: After a pre-screening analysis, it is possible to say that algal biomass completely meets the requirements needed for anaerobic digestion process. Anaerobic digestion process with algae and organic fraction of municipal solid waste was inhibited by high concentration of hydrogen sulfide.
    keywords: algae; anaerobic; digester; digestion; ofmsw; process; sludge
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        item: #6593 of 7527
          id: cet-4851
      author: sauro
       title: Microsoft Word - 476hernandez.docx
        date: 2015-04-25
       words: 3344
      flesch: 53
     summary: According to Table 2, it can be found that the cellulose yield was in a range of 16.32 to 32.53%, and the condition of the run n°8 (46.21% solids at 75°C) was that which allowed more maintaining the cellulose content after the delignification of açaí seeds treated with dilute H2SO4 material. Enzymatic hydrolysis of dried material was performed in Erlenmeyer flasks (250 mL) with 10 % (w/v) raw or pretreated material with sodium citrate buffer 0.05 M (pH 4.8) and 0.7 % of sodium azide/ g of dry material.
    keywords: acid; delignification; lignin; material; run; seeds; solids
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        item: #6594 of 7527
          id: cet-4852
      author: sauro
       title: Microsoft Word - 476hernandez.docx
        date: 2015-04-25
       words: 3178
      flesch: 50
     summary: The changing in the slope of the curve between the first and the second stage has been modelled introducing a convective resistance Rc. 0.0 0.5 1.0 0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 M a s s y ie ld ( -) T=250°C 0.0 0.5 1.0 M a s s y ie ld ( -) T=220°C 0.0 0.5 1.0 M a s s y ie ld ( -) T=180°C A B C solid Time (h) 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0 0 5 10 H y d ro c h a r y ie ld ( -) Time (h) Experimental values Model prediction 180 °C 220 °C 250 °C 509 Figure 3: Thermal model: comparison between measured (dashed lines) and model (continuous lines) values of temperature and vapour pressure. This is clearly shown in Figure 2b, where the evolution in time of the elements considered in the reaction scheme is reported for different HTC temperature.
    keywords: experimental; heat; htc; model; reactor; temperature; water
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        item: #6595 of 7527
          id: cet-4853
      author: sauro
       title: Microsoft Word - 476hernandez.docx
        date: 2015-04-25
       words: 3734
      flesch: 39
     summary: Along these lines the complete chloroplast (Orsini et al., 2014a) and mitochondrial (Orsini et al., 2014b) genomes sequences of C. sorokiniana strain (SAG 111-8k) have been recently presented thus completing the knowledge of the organelles genomes of this organism. To this aim, whole-genome sequencing of C. sorokiniana strain was performed using the Illumina HiSeq2000 platform described above, after quality trimming reads were assembled by a de novo approach under the Orione framework (Cuccuru et al., 2014).
    keywords: co2; data; growth; lipid; microalgae; model; sorokiniana
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        item: #6596 of 7527
          id: cet-4854
      author: sauro
       title: Microsoft Word - 476hernandez.docx
        date: 2015-04-25
       words: 3298
      flesch: 38
     summary: Figure 1 shows the decrement of FFA content w.r.t reaction time at optimized conditions for hydrodynamic cavitation reaction compared with the conventional approach. (Khan et al., 2010) describe a method for preparing esters oil from rubber seed oil.
    keywords: cavitation; esters; methyl; oil; palm; process; reaction; reactor; time
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        item: #6597 of 7527
          id: cet-4855
      author: sauro
       title: Microsoft Word - 476hernandez.docx
        date: 2015-04-25
       words: 3788
      flesch: 47
     summary: Cellulignin material was processed by enzymatic hydrolysis using a solid loading of 3.0 % w/v (on a dry basis) and by the action of cellulase from T. reesei and cellobiase from Aspergillus niger. The dynamic models developed can be used to predict GYield during enzymatic hydrolysis of H2SO4- catalyzed hydrothermally (CHP) pre-treated sugarcane bagasse, which promote a successful hydrolysis process control.
    keywords: acid; bagasse; gyield; hydrolysis; mlpn; pretreatment; sugarcane; wis
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        item: #6598 of 7527
          id: cet-4856
      author: sauro
       title: Microsoft Word - 476hernandez.docx
        date: 2015-04-25
       words: 2750
      flesch: 51
     summary: Exergy analysis of palm oil biodiesel production. In order to improve the biodiesel from palm oil production process, the stages of acid esterification, basic trans- esterification, biodiesel washing and purification were simulated in the software Aspen ONETM 8.4.
    keywords: analysis; biodiesel; chemical; exergy; oil; process; production
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        item: #6599 of 7527
          id: cet-4857
      author: sauro
       title: Microsoft Word - 476hernandez.docx
        date: 2015-04-25
       words: 3134
      flesch: 52
     summary: Simulation of biodiesel production process using E. lathyris oil through transesterification with alkaline catalysis in Aspen PlusTM software was performed. Simulation of furfural production process for revamping with ethanol technology from lignocellulosic residuals.
    keywords: analysis; biodiesel; chemical; exergy; process; production; volume
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        item: #6600 of 7527
          id: cet-4858
      author: sauro
       title: Microsoft Word - 476hernandez.docx
        date: 2015-04-25
       words: 3346
      flesch: 40
     summary: When considered only glucose as available sugar, the multi-effect system exhibited lower sugar concentrations, except for pseudostem. After the delignification step (i.e., pre-treatment), various methods of polymer DOI: 10.3303/CET1543091 Please cite this article as: Prado C., Souza O., Sellin N., Marangoni C., 2015, Comparison between single and multi-effect evaporators for sugar concentration in ethanol production, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 43, 541-546 DOI: 10.3303/CET1543091 541 hydrolysis can be used, including enzymatic and acid hydrolysis.
    keywords: concentration; effect; ethanol; fruit; glucose; production; pseudostem; sugar
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        item: #6601 of 7527
          id: cet-4859
      author: sauro
       title: Microsoft Word - 476hernandez.docx
        date: 2015-04-25
       words: 3175
      flesch: 54
     summary: Lan P., Xu Q., Zhou M., Lan L., Zhang S., Yan Y., 2010, Catalytic steam reforming of fast pyrolysis bio-oil in fixed bed and fluidized bed reactors, Chem. Flash pyrolysis of biomass allows obtaining a gas yield of 10-20 %, bio-oil yield of 60-80 % and char yield of 15-25 %, depending on the type of biomass and reactor used and operating conditions (Amutio et al., 2012).
    keywords: biomass; hydrogen; oil; pyrolysis; reactor; reforming
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        item: #6602 of 7527
          id: cet-486
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-486
        date: 2018-07-19
       words: 2719
      flesch: 42
     summary: 334 Figure 5: Particle size distributions and SEM images of particles from precipitations with pH 1 and pH 2 antisolvents, and an addition flowrate of 3 ml/min. Figure 6 shows particle size distributions of precipitation with addition flowrates ranging from 3 to 50.9 ml/min. A significantly reduced particle size distribution can be seen for the highest addition flowrate whereas the particle size distributions for addition flowrates of 3 and 4 ml/min show only minor differences.
    keywords: addition; antisolvent; lignin; particle; precipitation; pretreatment; size
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        item: #6603 of 7527
          id: cet-4860
      author: sauro
       title: Microsoft Word - 476hernandez.docx
        date: 2015-04-25
       words: 4101
      flesch: 52
     summary: Dual bed reactor for the study of catalytic biomass tars conversion, Exp. Therm. Therefore, it can be generally concluded that this specific feature of powder catalysts is kept in the monolith samples.
    keywords: ammendola; biomass; catalysts; conversion; gas; powder; reactor; tar
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        item: #6604 of 7527
          id: cet-4861
      author: sauro
       title: Microsoft Word - 476hernandez.docx
        date: 2015-04-25
       words: 3645
      flesch: 50
     summary: 3.2 Catalytic behavior of Pt-Ni/CeO2 and Pt-Ni/CeO2-ZrO2 The activity of CeO2 based powders and foams for ESR was preliminary tested by evaluating ethanol conversion (Figure 3 a) and hydrogen yield (Figure 3 b) as a function of the reaction temperature. The deconvoluted reduction profiles of Pt-Ni based catalysts are reported in Figure 2 while the calculated hydrogen consumptions are compared with the theoretical ones in Table 2.
    keywords: catalysts; ceo2; ceria; reactor; reforming; zro2
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        item: #6605 of 7527
          id: cet-4862
      author: sauro
       title: Microsoft Word - 476hernandez.docx
        date: 2015-04-25
       words: 3320
      flesch: 48
     summary: The biodiesel produced by subcritical water hydrolysis and esterification was analysed by Gas Chromatography (GC). Once hydrolysis reactions were completed, a significant increase in the acid value was observed for all samples.
    keywords: acid; biodiesel; esterification; hydrolysis; min; oil; production; reaction; water; wfo
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        item: #6606 of 7527
          id: cet-4863
      author: sauro
       title: Microsoft Word - 476hernandez.docx
        date: 2015-04-25
       words: 2753
      flesch: 42
     summary: 4. Conclusions The influence of enzyme concentration (between 5.0 and 60.0 FPU/gsubstrate) and substrate concentration (between 30 and 100 gsubstrate/LSOL) on the production of glucose was studied by the Michaelis–Menten model showing good correlation with experimental data. 573 3. Results and discussion 3.1 Estimation of kinetic parameters for cellulase The initial rate of the glucose released from cellulose presented in the H2SO4-catalyzed hydrothermally pretreated sugarcane bagasse (under a combination of [A-S-tP] equal to [1.0% w/v - 25% - 90 min]; [2.0% w/v - 25% - 90 min] and [3.0% w/v - 25% - 90 min]) by the synergistic action of cellulase from T. reesei and cellobiase from Aspergillus niger as a function of substrate concentration is shown in Figure 4.
    keywords: cellulase; concentration; enzyme; hydrolysis; substrate
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        item: #6607 of 7527
          id: cet-4864
      author: sauro
       title: Microsoft Word - 476hernandez.docx
        date: 2015-04-25
       words: 3078
      flesch: 43
     summary: This was done by analysing the economic efficiency of technologies for generating electricity from biomass energy sources using the energetic planning software, Homer Energy. With the aim of estimate maximum energy demand was included the following appliances: an iron, a fan, a water heater and a washing machine.
    keywords: biomass; demand; energy; maximum; minimum; power
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        item: #6608 of 7527
          id: cet-4865
      author: sauro
       title: Microsoft Word - 476hernandez.docx
        date: 2015-04-25
       words: 3048
      flesch: 56
     summary: The tests carried out indicated the potential use of waste orange peel as a solid biofuel material. Introduction The use of biomass as an energy resource has acquired great visibility as an alternative route to the consumption of fossil fuels (Kim et al., 2010; Protasio, 2013), highlighting the use of fruit peel or parts of plants, mainly because they are reused, since they are waste of agricultural activity (Vieira, 2011).
    keywords: biomass; energy; orange; parameters; peel; use; waste
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        item: #6609 of 7527
          id: cet-4866
      author: sauro
       title: Microsoft Word - 476hernandez.docx
        date: 2015-04-25
       words: 1911
      flesch: 32
     summary: Figure 3: Minimum profitable composition of metabolites for microalgae products 3.1 Sensibility analysis Figures 4 and 5 show the MPCMM variation with respect to plant capacity, in terms of raw material, and the cost of feedstock. The balance between plant capacity, in terms of raw material, and null annual income, represents 592 the start point, 100493.2 t/y, where microalgae biorefinery for obtaining valuable products and energy can be converted in profitable industry.
    keywords: biorefinery; composition; cost; microalgae; production; products; strain
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        item: #6610 of 7527
          id: cet-4867
      author: sauro
       title: Microsoft Word - 476hernandez.docx
        date: 2015-04-25
       words: 3894
      flesch: 50
     summary: 4. Conclusion This study presents algae biodiesel production in two-steps. The acid esterification was carried out to reduce algae oil acidity from 29 % to less than 1 %.
    keywords: acidity; algae; biodiesel; catalyst; fatty; methanol; oil; production; reaction; so42-/tio2; surface; zro2
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        item: #6611 of 7527
          id: cet-4868
      author: sauro
       title: Microsoft Word - 476hernandez.docx
        date: 2015-04-25
       words: 2705
      flesch: 47
     summary: Microalgae have the advantage of presenting high rates of cell growth, high biomass production and the ability of accumulating high quantities of lipids when compared to conventional feedstock for biodiesel production - namely soybean and palm oils. Both curves depict the shape of a characteristic S-curve, which is composed by four defined phases: an initial lag phase, during which cells adapt to the culture medium; a following exponential growth phase (log phase), where cells multiply at their maximum rate; an ensuing stationary phase, in which cell growth rate equals cell death rate; and a death phase (not show in Figure 3), in which cell concentration declines.
    keywords: biomass; cell; culture; growth; l-1; lipid; medium; microalgae; production
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        item: #6612 of 7527
          id: cet-4869
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 198 Trindade-Junior_PART1_pag607_102.docx
        date: 2015-05-26
       words: 2624
      flesch: 51
     summary: The main objective of this work was to perform glucose adsorption by a commercial resin Amberlite XAD4 ® (XAD4) and to obtain information about the process adsorption, such as equilibrium and kinetics aspects, to find out if it is a friendly alternative to prepare the fermentation solution to produce ethanol. The amount of glucose adsorption onto resin have been plotted as function of time t in minutes under two different temperature which shown in Figure 1.A and Figure 1.B.
    keywords: adsorption; data; glucose; gvl; model; order; pseudo; resin; solution
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        item: #6613 of 7527
          id: cet-487
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-487
        date: 2018-07-19
       words: 3556
      flesch: 39
     summary: We are also not aware of any life-cycle assessment for wastewater treatment systems in the Philippines. Please cite this article as: Pausta C.M.J., Razon L.F., Promentilla M.A.B., Saroj D.P., 2018, Life cycle assessment of a retrofit wastewater nutrient recovery system in metro manila , Chemical Engineering Transactions, 70, 337-342 DOI:10.3303/CET1870057 337 waste, among others (Blanco et al., 2016).
    keywords: assessment; cycle; life; nutrient; recovery; scenario; system; treatment; wastewater
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        item: #6614 of 7527
          id: cet-4870
      author: sauro
       title: Microsoft Word - 476hernandez.docx
        date: 2015-04-25
       words: 3321
      flesch: 42
     summary: The adsorption isotherms used here were the Langmuir and Freundlich, since these are commonly used for describing adsorption equilibrium in water and wastewater treatment. From Table 2, it is observed that for the granular AC, the R2 value is higher for the Freundlich model, which suggests that adsorption equilibrium for granular AC can be more effectively described by the Freundlich isotherm.
    keywords: adsorption; area; carbon; granular; pellets; pore; powder; surface
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        item: #6615 of 7527
          id: cet-4871
      author: sauro
       title: Microsoft Word - 476hernandez.docx
        date: 2015-04-25
       words: 3506
      flesch: 47
     summary: Analysis of the latest data on energy from renewable sources, Statistics in focus 44/2012, Environment and Energy, Eurostat, 1-7. Zhang Q., Zhang P., Pei Z.J., Wang D., 2013, Relationships between cellulosic biomass particle size and enzymatic hydrolysis sugar yield: Analysis of inconsistent reports in the literature, Renew. Knutsen J.S., Davis R.H., 2004, Cellulase retention and sugar removal by membrane ultrafiltration during lignocellulosic biomass hydrolysis, Appl Biochem Biotechnol., 113-116, 585-599.
    keywords: biomass; hydrolysis; sugar; treatment; water; yields
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        item: #6616 of 7527
          id: cet-4872
      author: sauro
       title: Microsoft Word - 476hernandez.docx
        date: 2015-04-25
       words: 2865
      flesch: 55
     summary: As reported in the tests with sugarcane bagasse size of 0.5 mm at 2.0% H2SO4 for 120 min, there is no significant influence between the different particle sizes of sugarcane bagasse. Kinetic study of acid hydrolysis of sugarcane bagasse.
    keywords: acid; bagasse; particle; size
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        item: #6617 of 7527
          id: cet-4873
      author: sauro
       title: Microsoft Word - 476hernandez.docx
        date: 2015-04-25
       words: 2682
      flesch: 45
     summary: This could be overcome by making waste paper pulp an attractive biomass feedstock for production of fermentable sugars and further for the production of bioethanol (Lin et al., 2012). The conversion of waste paper pulp pretreated with phosphoric acid gave significantly higher values compared to those pretreated only by milling.
    keywords: ethanol; fermentation; hydrolysis; paper; production; pulp
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        item: #6618 of 7527
          id: cet-4874
      author: sauro
       title: Microsoft Word - 476hernandez.docx
        date: 2015-04-25
       words: 3046
      flesch: 44
     summary: This study was aimed at investigating the production of yeast biomass using cheese whey in which lactose is hydrolysed by low amounts of externally added β-galactosidase and glucose and galactose released are simultaneously fermented. Hence, controlled addition of β- galactosidase has proven to be a promising approach for the production of yeast biomass using cheese whey.
    keywords: biomass; cerevisiae; cheese; galactose; glucose; growth; lactose; production; whey
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        item: #6619 of 7527
          id: cet-4875
      author: sauro
       title: Microsoft Word - 476hernandez.docx
        date: 2015-04-25
       words: 3366
      flesch: 48
     summary: This indicated the suitability of turbidimetry for non-isothermic systems, and therefore to follow precipitate formation during the cold soak filtration test of biodiesel, regardless of biodiesel precipitate content. The nature of biodiesel precipitate may be quite heterogeneous depending on the location where the precipitate was originated (Moreau et al., 2008), the oil refining process, and the biodiesel production process (Tang et al., 2008).
    keywords: biodiesel; content; filter; model; oil; pob; precipitate; turbidimetry; turbidity
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        item: #6620 of 7527
          id: cet-4876
      author: sauro
       title: Microsoft Word - 476hernandez.docx
        date: 2015-04-25
       words: 3504
      flesch: 31
     summary: A publication of The Italian Association of Chemical Engineering Online at www.aidic.it/cet Chief Editors: Sauro Pierucci, Jiří J. Klemeš Copyright © 2015, AIDIC Servizi S.r.l., ISBN 978-88-95608-34-1; ISSN 2283-9216 Combustion Dynamics of Swirling Flame at Thermochemical Conversion of Biomass Inesa Barmina, Antons Kolmickovs, Raimonds Valdmanis, Maija Zaķe Institute of Physics, University of Latvia, 32 Miera Street, Salaspils-1, LV-2169, Latvia barmina@sal.lv Development of the swirling flame dynamics at thermo chemical conversion of biomass (wood pellets) has been investigated experimentally at a low swirl number of the swirling flame flow (S < 0.6), different rates of biomass thermal decomposition and swirling air supply with the aim to estimate key factors determining the formation of the flame dynamics and local variations of the flame temperature, composition and processes of heat energy production for such type of swirling flame flow. In accordance with the results of the previous experimental study and numerical simulation, the formation of swirling flow dynamics (Abricka, 2014) for the given system configuration is strongly influenced by the upstream swirling air flow formation that propagates towards the biomass layer with primary swirl-enhanced mixing of the axial flow of volatiles with the upstream air swirl.
    keywords: air; biomass; combustion; flame; flow; volatiles
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        item: #6621 of 7527
          id: cet-4877
      author: sauro
       title: Microsoft Word - 476hernandez.docx
        date: 2015-04-25
       words: 3524
      flesch: 53
     summary: In addition, during treatment alkaline conditions were established, depending on the concentration of Fe0, due to the reaction (2) and the side reaction of Fe0 with water producing hydroxyl ion according to the (Liu et al., 2005): Fe0 + 2H2O → Fe2+ + H2 + OH- (3) The formation of oxy-hydroxides of Cr and Fe on the surface of the nanoparticles during the reaction also determined the passivation of reactive surface (Lee et al., 657 2003), thus explaining the reduction of reagent efficiency over time, as already observed in other studies (Rivero-Huguet and Marshall, 2009).
    keywords: chromium; cr(vi; fe0; iron; nzvi; reduction; soil
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        item: #6622 of 7527
          id: cet-4878
      author: sauro
       title: Microsoft Word - 476hernandez.docx
        date: 2015-04-25
       words: 3451
      flesch: 44
     summary: The model is applied to two different types of infiltrated MIEC electrodes, i.e. SSC infiltrated LSCF cathodes, and also GDC infiltrated LST anodes, in order to investigate the mechanism of electrochemical promotion of infiltrated nano-particles. 1/Rp is the reciprocal overall electrode resistance, accounting for all sources of voltage loss, including electrochemical reaction and charge transport through the electrode.
    keywords: electrode; infiltration; ionic; miec; model; particles; reaction
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        item: #6623 of 7527
          id: cet-4879
      author: sauro
       title: Microsoft Word - 476hernandez.docx
        date: 2015-04-25
       words: 3373
      flesch: 45
     summary: -0.2 0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2 1.4 1.6 TiO2 Degussa P25 TiO2 NT Au TiO2 NT Cu TiO2 NT time, min 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 ph ot o- cu rr en t, m A c m -2 0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2 AM 1.5G filter UVC blocking filter UVB/C blocking filter ON OFF 670 dilute to be processed by conventional catalytic routes, i.e. to produce H2 by catalytic processes or methane by anaerobic digestion, or to be used as feed in the new generation of fuel cells. The highly ordered TiO2 nanotube arrays were synthesized by anodic oxidation of Ti foils applying a constant voltage in the range 40-70 V. Metal nanoparticles of noble (Au) and non-noble (Cu) metals were deposited on the TiO2 surface by photodeposition method to enhance visible light photoresponse.
    keywords: ampelli; nanotube; photoelectrodes; production; tio2
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        item: #6624 of 7527
          id: cet-488
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-488
        date: 2018-07-19
       words: 3257
      flesch: 50
     summary: Various NGL recovery applications are available in industry and selection of certain process depends on the natural gas liquid content, gas inlet pressure and economics (Kidnay et al., 2006). The second part of gases with an estimated flow rate of 3,686 kgmole/h are directed to the high pressure scrubber D-2580 followed by the glycol contactor D-2531 where the water content of the gases reaches a value of 150 ppm under the action of back pressure controller.
    keywords: condensate; flow; gas; gosp; kpa; pressure; refrigeration; stream; temperature
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        item: #6625 of 7527
          id: cet-4880
      author: sauro
       title: Microsoft Word - 476hernandez.docx
        date: 2015-04-25
       words: 3140
      flesch: 41
     summary: This deviationfromthe theoretical asymptotic curveis due to the current contribution of proton reduction onto cobalt metals nanoparticles produced during the electrodeposition. A publication of The Italian Association of Chemical Engineering Online at www.aidic.it/cet Chief Editors:SauroPierucci, JiříJ. Klemeš Copyright © 2015, AIDIC ServiziS.r.l., ISBN 978-88-95608-34-1; ISSN 2283-9216 Synthesis of Cobalt Nanoparticles by Electrodeposition onto Aluminium Foils Pier Giorgio Schiavi*, Pietro Altimari, Francesca Pagnanelli, Emanuela Moscardini, Luigi Toro Dipartimento di Chimica, Sapienza University of Rome, p.le Aldo Moro 00185 Rome piergiorgio.schiavi@uniroma1.it In this contribution a study of electrochemical deposition of cobalt nanoparticles onto aluminium foils is presented.
    keywords: aluminium; cobalt; current; density; electrode; nanoparticles; nucleation; number
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        item: #6626 of 7527
          id: cet-4881
      author: sauro
       title: Microsoft Word - 476hernandez.docx
        date: 2015-04-25
       words: 3405
      flesch: 51
     summary: Conductivity of hybrid membranes is by 15-20% higher than that of Nafion. Hybrid membranes containing minor amounts of CsxH3-xPW12O40 can be considered as promising electrolytes for proton exchange membrane fuel cells due to their high conductivity at low RH and high selectivity.
    keywords: acid; concentration; conductivity; cspwa; dopant; hybrid; membrane; nafion; water
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        item: #6627 of 7527
          id: cet-4882
      author: sauro
       title: Microsoft Word - 476hernandez.docx
        date: 2015-04-25
       words: 3306
      flesch: 50
     summary: Here we extend this technique to the fabrication of Mo oxide nanostructures using polycarbonate membranes as template. 2.45±0.16 (0.041) 120 2.78±1.22 (0.023) 3.63±0.21 (0.03) Figure 1: SEM images of Mo oxide nanostructures obtained at different solution pH: (a) pH 2.7; (b) pH 5.5; (c) pH 8.5; (d) tilted-view of nanostructures obtained at pH 5.5.
    keywords: electrodeposition; etching; molybdenum; moo2; moo3; nanostructures; oxide; solution; time
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        item: #6628 of 7527
          id: cet-4883
      author: sauro
       title: Microsoft Word - 476hernandez.docx
        date: 2015-04-25
       words: 2388
      flesch: 52
     summary: In particular, in Figure 3d a TEM image of Sample 4, obtained by loading 0.15 mL of nanoparticles solution, is reported. Introduction Multifunctional nanoprobes combining magnetic nanoparticles with organic dyes have attracted tremendous interest due to their promising applications in biomedical field.
    keywords: fe3o4; nanoparticles; nanoprobes; nh2; sample; silica; solution
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        item: #6629 of 7527
          id: cet-4884
      author: sauro
       title: Microsoft Word - 476hernandez.docx
        date: 2015-04-25
       words: 3138
      flesch: 51
     summary: Akhavan V.A., Harvey T.B., Stolle C.J., Ostrowski D.P., Glaz M.S., Goodfellow B.W., Panthani M.G., Reid D.K., VandenBout D.A., Korgel B.A., 2013, Influence of composition on the performance of sintered Cu(In,Ga)Se2 (CIGS) nanocrystal thin film photovoltaic devices, ChemSusChem 6, 481-486. Thin films of CIGS (~ 100 nm in thickness) were obtained by nanocrystal dispersion in non-polar organic solvent and by spry-deposition of the resulting ink onto ITO conductive glass substrate without any post annealing treatment.
    keywords: cigs; devices; figure; films; heating; ink; light; nanocrystals; synthesis; temperature
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        item: #6630 of 7527
          id: cet-4885
      author: sauro
       title: Microsoft Word - 476hernandez.docx
        date: 2015-04-25
       words: 3282
      flesch: 46
     summary: The investigated suspensions gave rise to heat transfer coefficients different from those of their respective clear thermal fluid, the thermal efficiency being higher or lower, depending on the fluid dynamic parameter used as a base for comparing the systems. At the same Reynolds number, the use of nanofluids gives rise to heat transfer coefficients invariably higher than those of the clear thermal fluids, with an increase up to 60 %, in the tested conditions.
    keywords: al2o3; fluid; heat; heat transfer; nanofluids; sic; transfer; water
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        item: #6631 of 7527
          id: cet-4886
      author: sauro
       title: Microsoft Word - 476hernandez.docx
        date: 2015-04-25
       words: 2981
      flesch: 59
     summary: An original growth mode of MWCNTs on alumina supported iron catalysts. Finally, the kinetic expression for carbon nanotubes synthesis can be expressed as: 1 = 1420720786 ∙ . .
    keywords: carbon; catalyst; ethylene; figure; iron; kinetic; process; reaction
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        item: #6632 of 7527
          id: cet-4887
      author: sauro
       title: Microsoft Word - 476hernandez.docx
        date: 2015-04-25
       words: 3133
      flesch: 46
     summary: However, as already mentioned in the case of conventional nanozeolite syntheses, the traditional procedures for the preparation of zeolite layers and coatings often require many steps, toxic solvents and templates and special conditions, and cannot be straightforwardly scaled up at an industrial level. In this paper we report on a divalent procedure for the synthesis of FAU zeolites with particle size distribution in the nanometer range and for the concomitantly assembling of a uniform layer of a quasi-solid gel containing nanozeolite precursor species on the support surface.
    keywords: fau; figure; gel; layer; nanozeolites; support; surface; synthesis; zeolite
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        item: #6633 of 7527
          id: cet-4888
      author: sauro
       title: Microsoft Word - 476hernandez.docx
        date: 2015-04-25
       words: 2335
      flesch: 41
     summary: Ruzmanova, Y., Ustundas, M., Stoller, M., Chianese, A., Photocatalytic treatment of olive mill wastewater by n-doped titanium dioxide nanoparticles under visible light, 2013a, Chemical Engineering Transactions 32, 2233-2238. Ruzmanova, Y., Stoller, M., Chianese, A., Photocatalytic treatment of olive mill wastewater by magnetic core titanium dioxide nanoparticles, 2013b, Chemical Engineering Transactions 32, 2269-2274.
    keywords: degradation; nanoparticles; phenol; photocatalytic; tio2; treatment
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        item: #6634 of 7527
          id: cet-4889
      author: sauro
       title: Microsoft Word - 476hernandez.docx
        date: 2015-04-25
       words: 4075
      flesch: 54
     summary: Despite several papers reporting SC data for Fe3O4 on GO, even after reduction (rGO), never results have been reported in the range of 0−1 volts and in H2SO4 solution, regarding Fe3O4 nanoparticles dispersed on the more conductive graphene, obtained by physical exfoliation of graphite (Sarno et al., 2014b). It is worth noticing: (i) we have obtained the highest value of the capacity measured (227 F/g) in presence of a very low amount of Fe3O4 compared with other papers; and (ii) the layers arrangement in FLG, which consists of a certain fraction of monolayers together with more thicker fractions (Sarno et al., 2014b) could open new perspectives for further improvements.
    keywords: capacitance; et al; fe3o4; figure; flg; graphene; nanoparticles; sarno
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        item: #6635 of 7527
          id: cet-489
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-489
        date: 2018-07-19
       words: 3256
      flesch: 51
     summary: Umweltgerechte Produkte und Prozesse, Kurt-Wolters-Strasse 3, 34125 Kassel, Germany bSustainable Process Integration Laboratory – SPIL, NETME Centre, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Brno University of Technology - VUT Brno, Technická 2896/2, 616 69 Brno, Czech Republic peesel@upp-kassel.de Prerequisite for an efficient cooling energy system is the knowledge and the optimal combination of different operating conditions of individual compression and free cooling chillers. The relative high process cooling temperature of 14°C offers the opportunity to integrate free cooling chillers as well as multiple compression chillers.
    keywords: chiller; cooling; electricity; energy; optimisation; simulation; system; tank
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        item: #6636 of 7527
          id: cet-4890
      author: sauro
       title: Microsoft Word - 476hernandez.docx
        date: 2015-04-25
       words: 3426
      flesch: 49
     summary: The TEM images of the composite sample show large aggregates of CeO2 nanoparticles. This agrees with recent results reported by Ispas et al. (2008), who, investigating CeO2 nanoparticles for H2O2 detection at different pH, noted a higher electrocatalytic activity when working in alkaline medium than when the pH was nearly neutral.
    keywords: ceo2; electrode; figure; h2o2; nanoparticles; sensors
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        item: #6637 of 7527
          id: cet-4891
      author: sauro
       title: Microsoft Word - 476hernandez.docx
        date: 2015-04-25
       words: 3261
      flesch: 40
     summary: DOI: 10.3303/CET1543124 Please cite this article as: Baldino L., Cardea S., Reverchon E., 2015, Natural composite aerogels production by supercritical gel drying, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 43, 739-744 DOI: 10.3303/CET1543124 739 To overcome these difficulties, supercritical assisted processes have been proposed in the pharmaceutical (García-González et al., 2011) and biomedical field for scaffolds generation such as, PCL (Karimi et al., 2012), PMMA (Cardea et al., 2014a), PLLA (Cardea et al., 2014b), PLLA loaded with ibuprofen (Cardea et al., 2014c) and Ethylcellulose (De Marco et al., 2014). These results suggest that increasing Gelatin amount in the sample, the final morphology is similar to the one of the simple Gelatin, that is generally nanofibrous [Liu et al., 2009] and viceversa.
    keywords: aerogels; cardea; drying; gelatin; scaffolds
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        item: #6638 of 7527
          id: cet-4892
      author: sauro
       title: Microsoft Word - 476hernandez.docx
        date: 2015-04-25
       words: 3821
      flesch: 49
     summary: Among the materials employed as cover layer for PV cells, thin films of TiO2 are often used (Gronet and Truman, 2007). All acquired spectra measure the transmittance of thin film present on both sides of glass substrate, due to the characteristics of the dip-coating procedure.
    keywords: coating; dip; film; glass; nanosol; preparation; properties; surface; tio2; transmittance
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        item: #6639 of 7527
          id: cet-4893
      author: sauro
       title: Microsoft Word - 476hernandez.docx
        date: 2015-04-25
       words: 3280
      flesch: 49
     summary: We tried to overtake this limit with nanostructured electrodes of PbO2 and Pb, obtained by electrodeposition in polycarbonate template. Nanostructured electrodes were tested in a zero gap configuration, using commercial plates as counter- electrode and an AGM type separator in a 5M H2SO4 aqueous solution.
    keywords: acid; cycles; discharge; electrodes; lead; nanostructured; rate
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        item: #6640 of 7527
          id: cet-4894
      author: sauro
       title: Microsoft Word - 476hernandez.docx
        date: 2015-04-25
       words: 2748
      flesch: 53
     summary: Bhatelia, T., Utikar, R., Pareek, V., Tade, M., 2009, Characterizing liquid film thickness in spinning disc reactors, Proceedings of Seventh International Conference on CFD in the Minerals and Process Industries, Melbourne, Australia, 9-11 December, 1-6.. Burns, J.R., Ramshaw, C., Jachuck, R.J., 2003, Measurement of liquid film thickness and the determination of spin-up radius on a rotating disc using an electrical resistance technique. In this work, a CFD model, already validated (de Caprariis et al., 2012), was further developed in order to investigate the use of a SDR for the production of hydroxyapatite nanoparticles by chemical reaction and precipitation.
    keywords: film; liquid; model; nanoparticles; reaction; sdr
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        item: #6641 of 7527
          id: cet-4895
      author: sauro
       title: Microsoft Word - 476hernandez.docx
        date: 2015-04-25
       words: 3034
      flesch: 44
     summary: De Marco I., Reverchon E., 2011a, Influence of pressure, temperature and concentration on the mechanisms of particle precipitation in supercritical antisolvent micronization, J. Supercritical Fluids 58, 295–302. De Marco I., Knauer O., Cice F., Braeuer A., Reverchon E., 2012, Interactions of phase equilibria, jet fluid dynamics and mass transfer during supercritical antisolvent micronization: The influence of solvents, Chem.
    keywords: antisolvent; dmso; mixtures; phase; reverchon; sas; supercritical
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        item: #6642 of 7527
          id: cet-4896
      author: sauro
       title: Microsoft Word - 476hernandez.docx
        date: 2015-04-25
       words: 3344
      flesch: 54
     summary: On the other hand, we also expect that the release of dust particles is inversely proportional to the force, Fc, connecting a single particle to his neighbors: We assume that the number of released dust particles are proportional to the available aggregate surface area, At, and to the number of particles present per unit surface: 2 pwtp dAN ∝ (5) The available aggregate area, can be calculated from the bed volume: ( ) ( ) a e c a a e c d
    keywords: acceleration; bed; column; dust; fluidization; material; powders; silica; vibration
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        item: #6643 of 7527
          id: cet-4897
      author: sauro
       title: Microsoft Word - 476hernandez.docx
        date: 2015-04-25
       words: 4483
      flesch: 40
     summary: Among all the available techniques, sound assisted fluidization has been indicated as one of the best technological option. Among all these available techniques, sound assisted fluidization has been indicated as one of the best technological option to smoothly fluidize fine and ultra-fine powders: under the influence of appropriate acoustic fields channeling and/or slugging tend to disappear, the bed expands uniformly (Raganati et al., 2011a) and the minimum fluidization velocity is remarkably reduced (Raganati et al., 2011b).
    keywords: aggregates; al2o3; bed; fe2o3; fluidization; mixing; powders; sound
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        item: #6644 of 7527
          id: cet-4898
      author: sauro
       title: Microsoft Word - 476hernandez.docx
        date: 2015-04-25
       words: 2637
      flesch: 41
     summary: The mathematical treatment of experimental crystal size distributions leads to the following agglomeration kernel (expressed in cubic meters per second):       −×= −−− RT SI 40900 exp1055.2 24.070.07 γβ  S > 61 293 K < T < 333 K (7) 600 mol.m-3 < Primary nucleation, crystal growth and agglomeration are taken into account in the model.
    keywords: agglomeration; crystal; growth; mean; neodymium; nucleation; precipitation; size
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        item: #6645 of 7527
          id: cet-4899
      author: sauro
       title: Microsoft Word - 476hernandez.docx
        date: 2015-04-25
       words: 3534
      flesch: 54
     summary: Solid cycle times (average, maximum and minimum) and circulation mass flowrates have been measured in draft tube conical spouted beds for different geometric factors of the contactor (angle and gas inlet diameter), draft tubes (diameter, height of the entrainment zone and width of the faces) and under different operating conditions. In this work, solid cycle times of chickpeas have been measured in draft tube conical spouted beds.
    keywords: bed; beds; cycle; draft; draft tube; particle; time; tube
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        item: #6646 of 7527
          id: cet-490
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-490
        date: 2018-07-19
       words: 2151
      flesch: 52
     summary: In order to diagnose the influence of fouling resistance on the behavior of heat exchanger, the ANN model requires the following process data, obtained from measurements: inlet and outlet temperature on shell side (Tsi and Tso), inlet and outlet temperature on tube side (Tti and Tto ), mass flow on tube side (mti) and shell side (msi) (Figure 1). To select the time span of the steady-state operation of heat exchanger, the authors propose the objective function expressed by the standard deviation σ: 𝑂𝐹 = √ ∑ (𝑥𝑖 − 𝑥𝑚) 2𝑁 𝑖=1 𝑁 − 1 (4)
    keywords: ann; exchanger; figure; fouling; heat; measurements
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        item: #6647 of 7527
          id: cet-4900
      author: sauro
       title: Microsoft Word - 476hernandez.docx
        date: 2015-04-25
       words: 2702
      flesch: 49
     summary: To properly grow crystals and operate uranium crystallization processes, it is important to carry out comprehensive studies of the phenomena involved in. For these reasons, many authors focused on crystallization process to improve controllability and operability for safety purposes.
    keywords: crystallization; liquid; model; phase; process
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        item: #6648 of 7527
          id: cet-4901
      author: sauro
       title: Microsoft Word - 476hernandez.docx
        date: 2015-04-25
       words: 2721
      flesch: 55
     summary: The experimental results revealed that the amount of seed crystals plays an important role for the morphology of product crystals as well. It is estimated that the effect of additive on the shape of crystals depend on the amount of seed crystals .
    keywords: acid; crystals; seed; size
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        item: #6649 of 7527
          id: cet-4902
      author: sauro
       title: Microsoft Word - 476hernandez.docx
        date: 2015-04-25
       words: 3728
      flesch: 49
     summary: The ground Elvax™265 has presented flow function average values oscillations, changing cohesion classification depending on the normal consolidation stress (Table 2). It represents the typical behavior of free flowing powder which significantly differs of the cohesive behavior presented by the Al(OH)3 particles (Martinal™OL104) at 6 kPa and 9 kPa (Table 2).
    keywords: consolidation; elvax; flow; halogen; kpa; premixes; stress; surlyn; table
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        item: #6650 of 7527
          id: cet-4903
      author: sauro
       title: Microsoft Word - 476hernandez.docx
        date: 2015-04-25
       words: 2332
      flesch: 54
     summary: The models of aggregation of a disperse phase in systems with chemical reactions have been developed. It can be phase transition, as in cases of crystallization or desublimation, or it can be formation of low soluble substances during chemical reactions (Voloschuk and Sedunov, 1975).
    keywords: aggregation; chemical; clusters; order; phase; reaction; time
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        item: #6651 of 7527
          id: cet-4904
      author: sauro
       title: Microsoft Word - 476hernandez.docx
        date: 2015-04-25
       words: 3331
      flesch: 49
     summary: In this paper, a Euler- Lagrange approach with one-way coupling was proposed to evaluate the dynamics of particles in a chamber of SAS precipitation prescribing one distribution of particle diameters, assuming values within ranges specified from experimental values. Were observed large particle diameters around the chamber outlet pipe, which suggests that a change in the outlet position of the camera can improve the process yield.
    keywords: capillary; chamber; figure; flow; injection; mixture; outlet; particles; region; supercritical
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        item: #6652 of 7527
          id: cet-4905
      author: sauro
       title: Microsoft Word - 476hernandez.docx
        date: 2015-04-25
       words: 3712
      flesch: 50
     summary: Thus, these two models can represent the dissolution profile (drug release) of the DS to System 1 (simulated enteric system). Sodium alginate is a natural polysaccharide extracted from brown seaweed that has an abundant use in drug delivery systems.
    keywords: alginate; drug; gompertz; models; order; parameters; release; sericin; system
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        item: #6653 of 7527
          id: cet-4906
      author: sauro
       title: Microsoft Word - 476hernandez.docx
        date: 2015-04-25
       words: 3054
      flesch: 44
     summary: In the present work, mucoadhesive particles of sericin, sodium alginate and diclofenac sodium drug (DS) were prepared by ionic gelation technique and the incorporation of the drug in these dried particles was investigated for different formulations. Sodium alginate is a linear polysaccharide extracted from brown seaweed and considered a good mucoadhesive agent which has abundant use in drug delivery systems.
    keywords: alginate; diclofenac; drug; incorporation; particles; sericin; silva; sodium; solution
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        item: #6654 of 7527
          id: cet-4907
      author: sauro
       title: Microsoft Word - 476hernandez.docx
        date: 2015-04-25
       words: 3067
      flesch: 45
     summary: The Taylor-Couette reactor (TCR) allows a precise control of the flow conditions combining the benefits of continuously stirred tank reactors (CSTR) and plug-flow reactors (PFR). A ribbed Taylor Couette reactor for the application in homogeneous catalysis was developed and tested in the continuous hydroamination of the renewable β-myrcene in miniplant-scale.
    keywords: catalyst; couette; hydroamination; reaction; reactor; system; taylor
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        item: #6655 of 7527
          id: cet-4908
      author: sauro
       title: Microsoft Word - 476hernandez.docx
        date: 2015-04-25
       words: 3615
      flesch: 57
     summary: A publication of The Italian Association of Chemical Engineering Online at www.aidic.it/cet Chief Editors: Sauro Pierucci, Jiří J. Klemeš Copyright © 2015, AIDIC Servizi S.r.l., ISBN 978-88-95608-34-1; ISSN 2283-9216 Microstructural Properties and HDS Activity of CoMo Catalysts Supported on Activated Carbon, Al2O3, ZrO2 and TiO2 Karel Soukup, Martin Procházka, Luděk Kaluža* Institute of Chemical Process Fundamentals of the ASCR, v. v. i.; Rozvojová 135; 165 02 Prague 6–Suchdol; Czech Republic kaluza@icpf.cas.cz Unconventional supports of CoMo catalysts, such as activated carbon, ZrO2 and TiO2 and conventional Al2O3 support in the form of cylindrical extrudates were studied using inverse gas chromatography with single pellet- string column (SPSC) configuration, high pressure mercury porosimetry and nitrogen adsorption methods to assess both the transport and textural characteristics. The activated carbon supported CoMo catalyst exhibited the highest HDS activity and the mean transport-pore radius despite the highest volume of micropores.
    keywords: al2o3; catalysts; como; hds; pore; tio2; transport
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        item: #6656 of 7527
          id: cet-4909
      author: sauro
       title: Microsoft Word - 476hernandez.docx
        date: 2015-04-25
       words: 2621
      flesch: 46
     summary: The peculiarities of used catalysts are usage of heterometallic precursors that possesses metal-metal bonds. The peculiarities of used catalysts are usage of heterometallic precursors that possesses metal-metal bonds.
    keywords: al2o3; catalyst; conversion; hydrocarbons; oil; olefins; wt.%
       cache: cet-4909.pdf
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        item: #6657 of 7527
          id: cet-491
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-491
        date: 2018-07-19
       words: 3068
      flesch: 48
     summary: Initially, 1 g of sawdust was placed in a bux and kept in 25 mL of 72 % sulfuric acid at 25 °C for 1.5 h, then the mixture was transferred to a flask of 250 mL, 200 mL of water was added and boiled with a reflux for 3 h, after which the lignin was filtered on a Buhner funnel and dried at 102 °C (Chen et al., 2010). Acetic lignin was obtained using the solution of the following composition: 24.7 wt % CH3COOH + 5.3 wt % H2O2 + 2 wt % H2SO4, the treatment was carried out under standard conditions for 3 h, after which the lignin was filtered on a Buechner funnel and dried at a temperature of 102 °C (Chen et al., 2011).
    keywords: catalysts; conversion; lignin; mn270; process; temperature
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        item: #6658 of 7527
          id: cet-4910
      author: sauro
       title: Microsoft Word - 476hernandez.docx
        date: 2015-04-25
       words: 4039
      flesch: 44
     summary: Thermal treatment of Cu/13X catalyst however, induced a significant decrease in total acidity of the catalyst what is no doubt connected with the structural changes of the material. The residual concentrations of total phenols after 180 minutes of the reaction were 140.1 mg dm- 3 with Cu/13X catalyst (XTPh = 84 %) and 84.7 mg dm-3 with Cu/13X-K1273-1 catalyst (XTPh = 88 %).
    keywords: catalyst; copper; cu/13x; hydrogen; k1273; oxidation; peroxide; reaction; treatment; zeolite
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        item: #6659 of 7527
          id: cet-4911
      author: sauro
       title: Microsoft Word - 476hernandez.docx
        date: 2015-04-25
       words: 3315
      flesch: 51
     summary: However, as Beta deactivated over time the resulting o/p ratio (at X= 40-60 mol %) increased similar to that of ZSM-5 catalysts (at X >= 80 mol %). It is also worth noting the synergistic effect of mixing Beta and regular ZSM-5 on the propylene yield selectivity with increased propylene yield and increased catalyst stability.
    keywords: beta; catalysts; conversion; cracking; effect; mol; propylene; yield; zeolite
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        item: #6660 of 7527
          id: cet-4912
      author: sauro
       title: Microsoft Word - 476hernandez.docx
        date: 2015-04-25
       words: 3148
      flesch: 43
     summary: Photocatalytic degradation was performed under different operating conditions to find the optimal reaction conditions for photocatalytic degradation, the unaltered pH of the terbuthylazine solution proved to be effective enough and pH of the solution did not change more than 1 pH unit during all the reactions, proving a buffer 0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 c (T B A ) / m g L -1 t / min 254 nm 395 nm 365+395 nm 365 nm ( ) , TBAA TBA dC r f C T dt = = − TBA TBAr kC= ,0 ln TBA TBA C kt C   = −   The results on the degradation part of TBA show that there are no major differences when photolytic degradation is compared to photocatalytic degradation (Figure 4).
    keywords: degradation; photocatalyst; photocatalytic; terbuthylazine
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        item: #6661 of 7527
          id: cet-4913
      author: sauro
       title: Microsoft Word - 476hernandez.docx
        date: 2015-04-25
       words: 3692
      flesch: 45
     summary: While Table 1 shows that the cracking behavior of the different C10 isomers are significantly different, it is of interest to analyse the effect of different internal distribution of the whole fraction of the branched alkanes C10H22. By individually considering the different isomers inside the overall kinetic scheme, it is possible to analyse the effect of different internal distributions, as a function of a limited number of feedstock parameters, such as the methylation and alkylation probability, the average number and length of side substitutions, and so on.
    keywords: branched; distribution; isomers; kinetic; methyl; number; pyrolysis; reconstruction; species
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        item: #6662 of 7527
          id: cet-4914
      author: sauro
       title: Microsoft Word - 476hernandez.docx
        date: 2015-04-25
       words: 3585
      flesch: 39
     summary: We can observe that the ignition reactor temperature is almost insensitive to mixture composition while the extinction temperature is very sensitive to this parameter, with a maximum at 0.8AΦ = (fuel rich mixtures). The extinction residence time and reactor temperature behave almost mirror, i.e. when extinction residence time grows the extinction reactor temperature decrease and vice-versa.
    keywords: analysis; bifurcation; chemical; combustion; conditions; extinction; fuels; ignition; residence; temperature; time
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        item: #6663 of 7527
          id: cet-4915
      author: sauro
       title: Microsoft Word - 476hernandez.docx
        date: 2015-04-25
       words: 3705
      flesch: 44
     summary: Experimental tests, realized for C3H8/O2 mixtures diluted in N2, showed that for inlet temperatures higher than 900 K, MILD combustion condition is established for an overall dilution level of 90 % in nitrogen. In MILD combustion, the inlet temperature of reactants remains higher than auto-ignition temperature of the mixture and, at the same time, the maximum temperature increase achieved during combustion usually remains lower than mixture auto-ignition temperature (Cavigiolo et al., 2003).
    keywords: chamber; combustion; conditions; flow; fuel; inlet; jet; mixing; mixture; temperature
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        item: #6664 of 7527
          id: cet-4916
      author: sauro
       title: Microsoft Word - 476hernandez.docx
        date: 2015-04-25
       words: 3348
      flesch: 43
     summary: DOI: 10.3303/CET1543149 Please cite this article as: Bertei A., Nicolella C., 2015, Multi-scale simulation of solid oxide fuel cell power units, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 43, 889-894 DOI: 10.3303/CET1543149 889 Fuel Air Computational domain 2e- H2 H2O O -2 Figure 1: Schematic representation of an anode-supported SOFC During operation, hydrogen and oxygen are depleted along the channel length due to the electrochemical reactions occurring, respectively, within the anode and the cathode as follows: −− +→+ )()(2 2 )()(2 2 NigYSZg eOHOH (1) 2 )( 2 )()(22 1 2 −− →+ YSZLSMg OeO (2) Within the electrodes, reactions (1) and (2) occur at the three-phase boundaries (TPB) between gas phase, electron-conducting and ion-conducting particles. Conclusions A multi-scale model for the simulation of solid oxide fuel cell power units was presented in this study.
    keywords: cell; conditions; conducting; figure; flow; fuel; model; power; unit
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        item: #6665 of 7527
          id: cet-4917
      author: sauro
       title: Microsoft Word - 476hernandez.docx
        date: 2015-04-25
       words: 3115
      flesch: 47
     summary: Comparison with the conventional methods showed that the compounds involved in the process can be correctly distinguished and the main reaction steps, such as reactants consumption, occurrence of intermediate amorphous phase and MKPC formation can be clearly identified. 4. Results and discussion 4.1 Experimental spectra By comparing XRPD patterns over the time with theoretical ones, three significant changes were identified (dissolution of reactants, amorphous phase formation and growth of MKP crystals) as depicted in Figure 1: a) at t = 0 the spectrum is characterized by a linear combination of the MgO and KDP patterns (Figure 1.a); b) at t
    keywords: als; figure; mcr; mgo; min; mkp; phase; reaction; spectra
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        item: #6666 of 7527
          id: cet-4918
      author: sauro
       title: Microsoft Word - 476hernandez.docx
        date: 2015-04-25
       words: 2886
      flesch: 49
     summary: This paper reports on new insights on the utilization of both apatite and strontium oxide as CO2 sorbents for very high temperature. By high temperature DOI: 10.3303/CET1543151 Please cite this article as: Miccio F., Doghieri F., Landi E., 2015, Insights into high temperature sorbents for carbon dioxide, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 43, 901-906 DOI: 10.3303/CET1543151 901 calcination, it gives rise to the oxide, having temperature of fusion of 2430 °C.
    keywords: apatite; calcination; carbonatation; co2; temperature
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        item: #6667 of 7527
          id: cet-4919
      author: sauro
       title: Microsoft Word - 476hernandez.docx
        date: 2015-04-25
       words: 3539
      flesch: 58
     summary: In addition, thin films of structured zeolite catalysts (ZSM-5 and Zeolite Y) were grown onto the surface of a metal substrate using in-situ hydrothermal synthesis. The alumina loaded FeCralloy catalyst showed high activity and selectivity and helped significantly reduce the temperature drop in the reactor system when tested for a highly endothermic reaction and thus demonstrated improved heat transfer characteristics and kinetic interpretation.
    keywords: alumina; catalysts; fecralloy; rods; surface; zeolite
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        item: #6668 of 7527
          id: cet-492
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-492
        date: 2018-07-19
       words: 3508
      flesch: 30
     summary: Table 3: Calculated global priority and ranking of energy systems Ranking Alternative Global priority 1 Diesel and Solar PV 0.1500 2 Diesel, Solar PV, and Technologies accompanied by complexities and unfamiliarity to the general public greatly impacted the ranking of energy systems with battery energy storage systems despite promising features.
    keywords: alternatives; criteria; decision; diesel; energy; grid; solar; system
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        item: #6669 of 7527
          id: cet-4920
      author: sauro
       title: Microsoft Word - 476hernandez.docx
        date: 2015-04-25
       words: 4661
      flesch: 55
     summary: The residual content of Cl was carefully monitored in the prepared catalysts because Cl is a poison to Pt catalysts, it increases the propensity of PEMFC to corrosion and it decreases the catalytic activity in PEMFC (Job et al., 2013). The size of Pt crystallites (dPt,XRD) was calculated by the use of the Scherrer equation and the reflection angles 39.8, 46.3, 67.5, 81.3, 85.8 °.
    keywords: carbon; catalysts; cb3; cb5; esa; sbet; support; surface
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        item: #6670 of 7527
          id: cet-4921
      author: sauro
       title: Microsoft Word - 476hernandez.docx
        date: 2015-04-25
       words: 2810
      flesch: 40
     summary: Finally, the experimental results demonstrated that high thermal conductivity monolithic catalyst in WF configuration allowed to overcome the energy and mass limitations, which are the main bottlenecks of the commercial steam reforming catalysts. 923 References Halabi M.H., Van der Schaaf J., Cobden P.D., Schouten J.C., 2011, Reactor modeling of sorption-enhanced autothermal reforming of methane. The TPR analysis assessed the good agreement of the experimental and theoretical H2 uptake in the case of non washcoated sample, while the washcoat deposition improved sample reducibility (by anticipating the reduction temperature).
    keywords: methane; non; sic; temperature
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        item: #6671 of 7527
          id: cet-4922
      author: sauro
       title: Microsoft Word - 476hernandez.docx
        date: 2015-04-25
       words: 3194
      flesch: 56
     summary: The Ni/MA catalyst shows the highest CH4 conversion and Co/MA catalyst exhibits the lowest CH4 conversion. Catalyst samples; 10 wt% Ni/Al-Mg-O (Ni/MA), 10 wt% Co/Al-Mg-O (Co/MA) and 5 wt% Ni- 5 wt% Co/Al-Mg-O (Ni-Co/MA), were prepared by incipient wetness impregnation method.
    keywords: catalyst; co2; temperature
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        item: #6672 of 7527
          id: cet-4923
      author: sauro
       title: Microsoft Word - 476hernandez.docx
        date: 2015-04-25
       words: 4539
      flesch: 55
     summary: Please cite this article as: Oliveira N., Valenca G., Vieira R., 2015, Water gas shift reaction on copper catalysts supported on alumina and carbon nanofibers, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 43, 931-936 DOI: 10.3303/CET1543156 931 et al., 2014). Chen W-H., Hsieh T-C., Jiang T.L., 2008, An experimental study on carbon monoxide conversion and hydrogen generation from water gas shift reaction, Energy Conversion and Management, 49, 2801-2808, DOI: 10.1016/j.enconman.2008.03.020.
    keywords: al2o3; catalysts; cnf; copper; metal; reaction; water; wgs
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        item: #6673 of 7527
          id: cet-4924
      author: sauro
       title: Microsoft Word - 476hernandez.docx
        date: 2015-04-25
       words: 2998
      flesch: 38
     summary: The objective of this work is to improve this efficiency, regarding particularly the photodegradation of an endocrinal disruptor: bisphenol-A (BPA), via the synthesis of a new catalytic system based on ZnO and the modeling of both the synthesis process and photocatalytic performance of this new catalytic system. These analyses clearly demonstrated that the two-functionalization methods promoted homogeneous distribution of AgNPs on ZnO catalyst.
    keywords: agnps; bpa; model; optimization; photocatalytic; system; zno
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        item: #6674 of 7527
          id: cet-4925
      author: sauro
       title: Microsoft Word - 476hernandez.docx
        date: 2015-04-25
       words: 2940
      flesch: 57
     summary: The typical peaks of orthorhombic α-MoO3 (Stoyanova et al., 2009) and β-Mo2C phases were observed (Chen et al., 2013). 2. Experimental Core-shell Mo2C/MoO3 nanoplatelets were prepared by a solid precursor (ammonium molybdate (NH4)6Mo7O24·4H2O) thermolysis under a nitrogen (200 cm3(STP)/min) flow, in a continuous flow reactor (Di Bartolomeo et al., 2009), from room temperature to 700°C, followed by a controlled CVD (Ciambelli et al., 2004) of CH4 (Sarno et al., 2012b)
    keywords: figure; mo2c; moo3; sarno
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        item: #6675 of 7527
          id: cet-4926
      author: sauro
       title: Microsoft Word - 476hernandez.docx
        date: 2015-04-25
       words: 2410
      flesch: 45
     summary: The natural polymers, which are rich in oxygen, may be also be converted to oxygenated compounds through catalytic hydrogenation, which under more drastic conditions of temperature and pressure leads to cleavage of the carbon chain (Yoon at al., 2012).The processing of raw materials rich in saccharides (sugarcane, starch) and their derivates (molasse, sugarcane bagasse) to obtain products with industrial application as polyols (Baudel et al., 2005) and organic acids, has been the object of several studies (Lichtenthaler, 2004). Biomass conversions employing pretreatments of hemicellulose and lignin, and acid hydrolysis of cellulose were carried out to break the polymeric structures.
    keywords: acid; biomass; chemical; hydrolysis; lignin; sugarcane; wt.%
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        item: #6676 of 7527
          id: cet-4927
      author: sauro
       title: Microsoft Word - 476hernandez.docx
        date: 2015-04-25
       words: 3484
      flesch: 44
     summary: Typically, the R&D of enzymatic hydrolysis processes of lignocellulosic mass for certain substrate-enzyme- equipment system is based on how much sugar is obtained at the end of the experiments, and another question can be added about how fast the process evolves. In the studies of this kind of processes, experiments are carried out over a long period of time (e.g., 72 h) to assure a maximum conversion of holocellulose to reducing sugars (Ruiz et al., 2012); although a total conversion is never achieved, the maximum conversion is always almost completed in a shorter time, as can be observed in Figure 1 where sugar trajectories of enzymatic hydrolysis experiments are illustrated.
    keywords: enzyme; hydrolysis; model; performance; process; straw; substrate; wheat
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        item: #6677 of 7527
          id: cet-4928
      author: sauro
       title: Microsoft Word - 476hernandez.docx
        date: 2015-04-25
       words: 3110
      flesch: 40
     summary: Results and discussions 3.1 Experimental design methodology Based on the obtained results, an empirical relationship between the response Y and selected variables was attained and expressed by the following first–order polynomial equation therefore insignificant terms were eliminated since they did not have any statistical effect Eq( 3): Y = 94.30 - 1.26 X1 + 3.69 X2 - 2.08 X3 + 4.43 X4 + 1.81 X2X3 – 2.83 X2X3 + 1.28 X3X4 - 1.27 X2X3X4 (3) Experimental value versus predicted value displays the real responses data against the predicted responses shown in the design matrix (Table 2), which shows the statistical combinations of independent variables: initial dye concentration (X1), Intensity (X2), I (w.m-2), flow rate (X3) and reaction time (X4) with the yield Y (%) (Behnajady and Modirshahla, 2006) Figure 3: Contour plots of photocatalytic decolourization efficiency Y (%) for (a) X2 (Intensity I) and X3 (Flow rate) in fixed X1 (dye concentration) at 20 mg.L-1 and X4 (time) at 60min, (b) X2 (Intensity I) and X4 (time) in fixed X1 (dye concentration) at 20 mg.L-1 and X3 (Flow rate) at 0.3 L.min-1.
    keywords: +1 +1; decolourization; dye; efficiency; flow; intensity; photocatalytic; rate; time
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        item: #6678 of 7527
          id: cet-4929
      author: sauro
       title: Microsoft Word - 476hernandez.docx
        date: 2015-04-25
       words: 3441
      flesch: 47
     summary: resin degradation products can also result in compounds with a higher value than the original monomer. The catalyst R-67-7H did not exhibit enhanced resin elimination, why this catalyst is not favored in further studies regarding UP resin degradation.
    keywords: acid; catalyst; ch2; degradation; diethyl; esterification; ethanol; propanol; resin
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        item: #6679 of 7527
          id: cet-493
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-493
        date: 2018-07-19
       words: 2418
      flesch: 45
     summary: Before supplying LNG to the end users, LNG cold energy (827 kJ/kg) utilisation during the regasification process is cheap and sustainable energy for Seawater Freezing Desalination (SFD) or electricity generation (Le et al., 2017). Seawater freezing desalination systems Xie et al. (2017) proposed a novel device, a direct contact type ice generator, for seawater freezing desalination using LNG cold energy.
    keywords: energy; figure; generator; ice; lng; seawater
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        item: #6680 of 7527
          id: cet-4930
      author: sauro
       title: Microsoft Word - 476hernandez.docx
        date: 2015-04-25
       words: 3265
      flesch: 34
     summary: Under the limited air supply and fuel-rich conditions in the gasifier, the field-enhanced endothermic process of biomass gasification results in field-enhanced heat energy consumption thus decreasing the heat power released at biomass gasification that is used to support the biomass gasification by limiting the rate of volatiles’ production and reducing the electric field effect on the combustion dynamics. If the electric field is applied to the biomass layer, the field-enhanced thermal decomposition of biomass pellets results in a sharp increase of the peak value of the biomass weight loss up to dm/dt = 0.4 g/s during the primary stage of biomass decomposition (t = 200-400 s) with a higher average biomass weight loss rate (dm/dt = 0.16-0.18 g/s) during the biomass thermo- chemical conversion (Figure 2-a, b).
    keywords: biomass; combustion; decomposition; electric; field; field effect; flame; reaction
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        item: #6681 of 7527
          id: cet-4931
      author: sauro
       title: Microsoft Word - 476hernandez.docx
        date: 2015-04-25
       words: 2963
      flesch: 50
     summary: Application of low-cost adsorbents for dye removal--a review. Assessment of the breakdown products of solar/UV induced photolytic degradation of food dye tartrazine.
    keywords: discoloration; dye; fenton; h2o2; photo; removal; solution; tartrazine
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        item: #6682 of 7527
          id: cet-4932
      author: sauro
       title: Microsoft Word - 476hernandez.docx
        date: 2015-04-25
       words: 2187
      flesch: 50
     summary: 3. Results and discussion 3.1 Samples characterization In Figure 1 it is reported the comparison between XRF results of raw tile and functionalized samples with only TiO2 (Tile T) and with TiO2/zeolite composite (Tile Z). Moreover tile Z shows a higher Ag surface concentration with respect to raw tile and tile
    keywords: photocatalytic; solution; tile; tio2; zeolite
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        item: #6683 of 7527
          id: cet-4933
      author: sauro
       title: Microsoft Word - 476hernandez.docx
        date: 2015-04-25
       words: 3251
      flesch: 48
     summary: The experimental tests show that with Ni catalyst very good activity can be achieved from temperature of 973 K. 1. Courson C., Makaga E., Petit C., Kiennemann A., 2000, Development of Ni catalysts for gas production from biomass gasification.
    keywords: catalyst; combustion; dry; methane; perovskite; reaction; reforming; structure
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        item: #6684 of 7527
          id: cet-4934
      author: sauro
       title: Microsoft Word - 476hernandez.docx
        date: 2015-04-25
       words: 3552
      flesch: 48
     summary: This could be explained by slightly higher temperatures in the bed, as a result of temperature gradients developed inside the catalyst bed. 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 Experimental MIBK conversion T h e o re tic a l M IB K c o n v e rs io n Testing Domain (II) Estimation Domain (I) A 0 0.05 0.1 0.15 0.2 0.25 0.3 0 0.05 0.1 0.15 0.2 0.25 Experimental selectivity in CO T h e o re tic a l s e le c tiv ity in C O Testing Domain (II) Estimation Domain (I) B 1001 Table 2: Kinetic parameters for MIBK combustion over CoMgAlO catalyst. Jiang Z., Yu J., Cheng J., Xiao T., Jones M.O., Hao Z., Edwards P.P., 2010, Catalytic combustion of methane over mixed oxides derived from Co–Mg/Al ternary hydrotalcites, Fuel Processing Technology, 91, 97-102.
    keywords: catalyst; combustion; comgalo; conversion; ldh; mibk; mixed; temperature
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        item: #6685 of 7527
          id: cet-4935
      author: sauro
       title: Microsoft Word - 476hernandez.docx
        date: 2015-04-25
       words: 2827
      flesch: 57
     summary: In the same Table the metal nominal loading, equivalent band gap energy, TiO2 average crystallite size, and PZC values are also reported. 1. Introduction Transition and noble metals supported on titania (TiO2) have been extensively studied as photocatalysts in several chemical reactions.
    keywords: ch4; chemical; co2; photocatalytic; tio2; vaiano
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        item: #6686 of 7527
          id: cet-4936
      author: sauro
       title: Microsoft Word - 476hernandez.docx
        date: 2015-04-25
       words: 3807
      flesch: 53
     summary: 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 200 220 240 260 280 300 320 340 12% 16% 20% 24% 28% 32% 36% M a x T e m p e ra tu re ( ºC ) CHP concentration (w/w) Tmax PT2 Tmax PT1 Pmax PT2 Pmax PT1 M a x P re s s u re (b a r) 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 0 5 10 15 20 25 12% 16% 20% 24% 28% 32% 36% d T /d t m a x ( ºC /s ) CHP concentration (w/w) dT/dtmax PT2 dT/dtmax PT1 dP/dtmax PT2 dP/dtmax PT1 d P /d t m a x (b a r/s ) 1012 Table 3: Equations used to correct the maximum gas production rate. [mol/(min*kg)] Phi-TEC I 16 0.004 155.5±0.4 140.0 18.51 235.0 0.026 0.113 24 0.141 142.0±0.9 125.5 21.12 304.0 0.725 9.531 32 1.007 127.5 115.6 21.29 379.2 5.638 190.20 Phi-TEC II 16 0.161 155.5±0.4 142.0 23.00 225.6 0.186 0.328 24 0.422 142.0±0.9 122.6 26.67 276.2 1.742 2.478 The maximum gas generation rate increases with CHP concentration and shows an exponential behavior.
    keywords: chp; gas; maximum; phi; pressure; runaway; tec; temperature
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        item: #6687 of 7527
          id: cet-4937
      author: sauro
       title: Microsoft Word - 476hernandez.docx
        date: 2015-04-25
       words: 3476
      flesch: 51
     summary: DOI: 10.3303/CET1543170 Please cite this article as: Brunazzi E., 2015, Mass transfer study on catalytic structured packings for reactive separations, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 43, 1015-1020 DOI: 10.3303/CET1543170 1015 Among the large variety of the two-fluid systems, the absorption of CO2 into NaOH solution is especially proper (Rejl et al. 2009). Viva A., 2009, Experimental analysis and modelling of catalytic structured packing for reactive separations, PhD Thesis, Pisa University, Pisa.
    keywords: area; gas; katapak; liquid; mass; packing; transfer
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        item: #6688 of 7527
          id: cet-4938
      author: sauro
       title: Microsoft Word - 476hernandez.docx
        date: 2015-04-25
       words: 3042
      flesch: 38
     summary: The designs applied in the general chemical technology from high-alloyed steels and the devices gummed by rubber are suitable in production of fluoric acid only at stages of receiving and storage of a technical product. it is also dissolved in fluoric acid, its application was limited to receiving acid of reagent purity (pure, pure for the analysis, chemically pure).
    keywords: acid; cals; chemical; equipment; fluoric; modules; production; rectification; standard
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        item: #6689 of 7527
          id: cet-4939
      author: sauro
       title: Microsoft Word - 476hernandez.docx
        date: 2015-04-25
       words: 2947
      flesch: 53
     summary: permeate flux at different initial concentrations of Linablue G1 in aqueous solution The most diluted solution shows the typical flux decay trend with time, while the rest of the solutions show a low initial flux that first increases and tends to decrease after some time to converge into a constant flux when all the D-trehalose is removed. Optimization of parameters such as molecular weight cut-off, initial concentration of feed, process temperature and transmembrane pressure has been conducted.
    keywords: concentration; feed; flux; membrane; permeate; process; proteins; temperature
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        item: #6690 of 7527
          id: cet-494
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-494
        date: 2018-07-19
       words: 3411
      flesch: 47
     summary: Number of cycles 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 C o n v e rs io n , % 60 70 80 90 100 3% Pd/HPS 3% Pd/Al 2 O 3 3% Pd/Fe 2 O 3 /HPS Figure 4: (a) the Pd catalyst stability in ten cycles, (b) separation of the 3% Pd/Fe3O4/HPS catalyst from the reaction mixture by a magnet 4. Conclusions Studies and catalytic tests of palladium catalysts in a complex multistage process of furfural hydrogenation involving the main reaction for the formation of the desired product - furfuryl alcohol and side reactions of hydrogenation were carried out. The results of the study of palladium catalysts in the selective hydrogenation of furfural to furfural alcohol are presented.
    keywords: alcohol; catalysts; fe3o4; furfural; furfuryl alcohol; hps; hydrogenation; palladium; phase
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        item: #6691 of 7527
          id: cet-4940
      author: sauro
       title: Microsoft Word - 476hernandez.docx
        date: 2015-04-25
       words: 4207
      flesch: 43
     summary: In particular, effectiveness of CO2 adsorption has been assessed in terms of the moles of CO2 adsorbed per unit mass of adsorbent, the breakthrough time and the fraction of bed utilized at breakpoint. Indeed, the application of acoustic fields allows to speed up the adsorption process: under sound assisted conditions the time for CO2 to approach the saturation value is remarkably decreased (60 min for the sound assisted test against 120 min for the test performed in ordinary conditions), being both the values of nads and average rate of CO2 adsorption higher than those obtained in ordinary conditions.
    keywords: adsorption; bed; carbon; co2; conditions; fluidization; frequency; gas; sound; tests
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        item: #6692 of 7527
          id: cet-4941
      author: sauro
       title: Microsoft Word - 476hernandez.docx
        date: 2015-04-25
       words: 2825
      flesch: 49
     summary: In this case the conversion measurement using the thermo-gravimetric analysis may lead to inaccurate results (apparent reaction rate) if the mass transfer of the gaseous reactant is not properly accounted for. The numerical simulations were performed with gas flow rates equal to 100 and 200 NmL min-1.
    keywords: carbonation; co2; conversion; gas; rate; reaction; tga
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        item: #6693 of 7527
          id: cet-4942
      author: sauro
       title: Microsoft Word - 476hernandez.docx
        date: 2015-04-25
       words: 3654
      flesch: 55
     summary: In addition, by using SF and its methyl ester as alternative co-solvents ASX yields of about 25 and 35 mg/ kg of DW, respectively, were achieved. In this study, supercritical fluid extraction (SCFE) was used as a green technique and the effects of pressure (200, 300, and 400 bar), temperature (35, 45, and 55 °C), and three green co-solvents (ethanol (EtOH), sunflower oil (SF), and its methyl ester) on ASX yield and total extract yield were investigated.
    keywords: asx; co2; extraction; shrimp; solvent; total; waste; yield
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        item: #6694 of 7527
          id: cet-4943
      author: sauro
       title: Microsoft Word - 476hernandez.docx
        date: 2015-04-25
       words: 3705
      flesch: 55
     summary: For example, Bernardo-gil et al. (1999) applied empirical, HBD model, and BIC models to the SCO2 extraction of olive husk oil. jKK = for jj φφφ ≤≤−1 (9) 2.4 Model adjustable parameters The adjustable parameters of each models are as follows: For BIC model, the grinding efficiency (G), the external (k a ) and internal mass transfer coefficient (k a ).
    keywords: bic; extraction; mass; model; oil; particle; transfer
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        item: #6695 of 7527
          id: cet-4944
      author: sauro
       title: Microsoft Word - 476hernandez.docx
        date: 2015-04-25
       words: 3051
      flesch: 46
     summary: 2. Cascade design and modelling Very diverse configurations of organic solvent nanofiltration membrane cascades can be implemented, but the final design would depend on the specific separation targets and the desired objectives. 5. Conclusions Different configurations of organic solvent nanofiltration membrane cascades can be designed for solute fractionation.
    keywords: cascade; costs; membrane; nanofiltration; recovery; solute; solvent; stage
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        item: #6696 of 7527
          id: cet-4945
      author: sauro
       title: Microsoft Word - 476hernandez.docx
        date: 2015-04-25
       words: 2718
      flesch: 48
     summary: Membrane reactors have been studied experimentally (Santucci et al., 2011) and models have been widely presented in literature. References Giaconia, A., Turchetti, L., Monteleone, G., Morico, B., Iaquaniello, G., Shabtai, K., Sheintuch, M., Boettge, D., Adler, J., Palma, V., Voutetakis, S., Lemonidou, A., Annesini, M.C., den Exter, M., Balzer, H., 2013, Development of a solar-powered, fuel-flexible compact steam reformer: the CoMETHy Project, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 35, 433-438 Godini, H.R., Xiao, S., Kim, M., Holst, N., Jaso, S., Gorke, O., Steinbach, J., Wozny, G., 2014, Experimental and model-based analysis of membrane reactor performance for methane oxidative coupling: effect of radial heat and mass transfer, Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry, 20, 1993-2202 Jin, W., Gu, X., Li, S., Huang, P., Xu, N., Shi, J., 2000, Experimental and simulation study on a catalyst packed tubular dense membrane reactor for partial oxidation of methane to syngas, Chemical Engineering Science, 55, 2617-2625 Nekhamkina, O., Sheintuch, M., 2014, Effective approximations for concentration-polarization in Pd- membrane separators, Chemical Engineering Journal, 260, 835-845 Santucci, A., Annesini, M.C., Borgognoni, F., Marrelli, L., Rega, M., Tosti, S., 2011, Oxidative steam reforming of ethanol over a Pt/Al2O3 catalyst in a Pd-based membrane reactor, International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 36, 1503-1511 Ward T.L., Dao, T., 1999, Model of hydrogen permeation behaviour in palladium membranes, Journal of Membrane Science, 153, 211-231 1068
    keywords: dimensionless; mass; membrane; model
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        item: #6697 of 7527
          id: cet-4946
      author: sauro
       title: Microsoft Word - 476hernandez.docx
        date: 2015-04-25
       words: 3119
      flesch: 61
     summary: Many concepts to explain the fouling phenomena in membrane processes have been proposed during the last decades in order to overcome the knowledge gap. The designer normally should consider the project variables concerning productivity and selectivity and follow these targets; in the presence of fouling, additional parameters, in particular the longevity DOI: 10.3303/CET1543179 Please cite this article as: Stoller M., Ochando Pulido J.M., De Caprariis B., Verdone N., Di Palma L., Chianese A., 2015, The boundary flux: new perspectives for membrane process design, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 43, 1069-1074 DOI: 10.3303/CET1543179 1069 of the membrane modules and the constancy of the permeate fluxes as a function of time must be considered.
    keywords: concept; design; flux; fouling; membrane; process; stoller
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        item: #6698 of 7527
          id: cet-4947
      author: sauro
       title: Microsoft Word - 476hernandez.docx
        date: 2015-04-25
       words: 2677
      flesch: 56
     summary: alessio.caravella@unical.it This modelling paper is focused on the evaluation of the performance of DD3R zeolite membranes for light gases separation. Conclusions The separation performances of DD3R zeolite membranes were investigated using the multicomponent Maxwell-Stefan approach.
    keywords: adsorption; ch4; co2; figure; membrane; pressure; separation; zeolite
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        item: #6699 of 7527
          id: cet-4948
      author: sauro
       title: Microsoft Word - 476hernandez.docx
        date: 2015-04-25
       words: 4397
      flesch: 50
     summary: Recent studies of CO2 adsorption on low-cost iron metal oxide surfaces strongly encourage the possible use of metal oxide as sorbents, but the tendency of magnetite particles to agglomerate causes a lowering of CO2 uptake capacity. The results addressed on the material stability during a cyclic operation strategy for CO2 adsorption and desorption.
    keywords: adsorption; bed; co2; composites; gas; magnetite; raganati; sound
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        item: #6700 of 7527
          id: cet-4949
      author: sauro
       title: Microsoft Word - 476hernandez.docx
        date: 2015-04-25
       words: 4349
      flesch: 47
     summary: In particular, effectiveness of CO2 adsorption has been assessed in terms of the moles of CO2 adsorbed per unit mass of adsorbent, the breakthrough time and the fraction of bed utilized at breakpoint. Raganati F., Ammendola P., Chirone R., 2014a, CO2 adsorption on fine activated carbon in a sound assisted fluidized bed: effect of sound intensity and frequency, CO2 partial pressure and fluidization velocity, Appl.
    keywords: adsorption; bed; co2; conditions; fluidization; gas; hkust-1; sound
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        item: #6701 of 7527
          id: cet-495
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-495
        date: 2018-07-19
       words: 2932
      flesch: 48
     summary: So it is necessary to develop cheap and effective catalysts for the thermal refining of pyrolysis gaseous products. Therefore, the study of the fast pyrolysis process including the stage of thermocatalytic refining of pyrolysis gaseous products can help to solve the problems of renewable feedstock processing with the energy generation followed.
    keywords: catalysts; gas; metal; process; products; pyrolysis; tars
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        item: #6702 of 7527
          id: cet-4950
      author: sauro
       title: Microsoft Word - 476hernandez.docx
        date: 2015-04-25
       words: 2832
      flesch: 45
     summary: The weight increase due to CO2 sorption was recorded as a function of time during the adsorption process lasted 120 min. Furthermore, the stability of the sorbent undergoing several cycles of CO2 sorption and desorption was tested.
    keywords: co2; gas; li4sio4; so2; sorbent; sorption; temperature
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        item: #6703 of 7527
          id: cet-4951
      author: sauro
       title: Microsoft Word - 476hernandez.docx
        date: 2015-04-25
       words: 2902
      flesch: 42
     summary: Conclusions In general, distributed control exhibited better performance compared with conventional control for the analysis of the distributed action either in stripping or rectifying section. The temperature of tray 3 and 11 (stages used in distributed control) was also analyzed.
    keywords: control; conventional; strategy; temperature; time; tray
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        item: #6704 of 7527
          id: cet-4952
      author: sauro
       title: Microsoft Word - 476hernandez.docx
        date: 2015-04-25
       words: 2794
      flesch: 49
     summary: This study investigated the effect of evaporation time to the gas separation performance of PLA membrane. As seen in Figure 1, the glass transition temperature (Tg) of PLA membrane has nearly the same as pure PLA polymer which is within 60 °C to 65 °C and the melting point (Tm) is between 150 °C to 170 °C.
    keywords: evaporation; gas; membrane; pla; polymer; separation; time
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        item: #6705 of 7527
          id: cet-4953
      author: sauro
       title: Microsoft Word - 476hernandez.docx
        date: 2015-04-25
       words: 2537
      flesch: 52
     summary: In particular, Figure (2a) 1114 is a plot of the concentration of H2S in gas phase versus time. A publication of The Italian Association of Chemical Engineering Online at www.aidic.it/cet Chief Editors:SauroPierucci, JiříJ. Klemeš Copyright © 2015, AIDIC ServiziS.r.l., ISBN 978-88-95608-34-1; ISSN 2283-9216 Pressure Swing Adsorption Technology Using 5A Zeolite for the Removal of H2S in the Fixed Bed Reactor Victor H. B. Teles*,Jornandes D. da Silva Polytechnic School - UPE, Environmental and Energetic Technology Laboratory; Rua Benfica - 455, Madalena, Recife - PE, Brazil.
    keywords: gas; h2s; initial; mathematical
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        item: #6706 of 7527
          id: cet-4954
      author: sauro
       title: Microsoft Word - 476hernandez.docx
        date: 2015-04-25
       words: 4077
      flesch: 49
     summary: Calcium (Ca) based materials are the best candidates for CO2 capture sorbents, due to their abundance, low cost and high CO2 uptake at gasification temperatures (Florin and Harris 2007). Ruoppolo G., Miccio F., Brachi P., Picarelli A., Chirone R., 2013, Fluidized bed gasification of biomass and biomass/coal pellets in oxygen and , Chemical Engineering Transactions, vol.
    keywords: alumina; bed; cao; co2; equilibrium; fuel; gasification; temperature
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        item: #6707 of 7527
          id: cet-4955
      author: sauro
       title: Microsoft Word - 476hernandez.docx
        date: 2015-04-25
       words: 3442
      flesch: 49
     summary: Besides, the cost of this natural coagulant would be less expensive compared the conventional coagulant (alum) for water purification since it is available in most rural communities in developing countries where treated water is a scarce resource (Ghebremichael, 2005). Control DAF C/F/DAF (MO+NaCl) C/F/DAF (MO+KCl) 1125 Table 1 shows that the C/F/DAF, both with KCl and NaCl saline solution, produced treated water with color and turbidity within the limits established by WHO (2006), regardless of the initial crude water turbidity.
    keywords: cells; daf; membrane; nanofiltration; ntu; removal; turbidity; water
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        item: #6708 of 7527
          id: cet-4956
      author: sauro
       title: Microsoft Word - 476hernandez.docx
        date: 2015-04-25
       words: 2893
      flesch: 39
     summary: The extraction of essential oil from rosemary plants has been performed by means of various techniques like solvent free microwave extraction (Okoh et al., 2010), solvent extraction (Aruoma et al., 1996), fast controlled pressure drop process (Rezzoug et al., 2005), microwave hydrodiffusion and gravity (Nabil et al.,2009), DOI: 10.3303/CET1543189 Please cite this article as: Ouzzar M.L., Louaer W., Zermane A., Meniai A.H., 2015, Comparison of the performances of hydrodistillation and supercritical co2 extraction processes for essential oil extraction from rosemary (rosmarinus officinalis l.), Chemical Engineering Transactions, 43, 1129-1134 DOI: 10.3303/CET1543189 1129 hydrodistillation (Zaouali et al., 2010), (Nabil et al., 2009), (Okoh et al., 2010) and (Anton et al., 2010) and supercritical fluid extraction (Carvalho Jr et al., 2005), (Pilar et al., 2004) and (García-Risco et al., 2011), etc. Extraction time (hr) d p = 0.180 mm d p = 0.250 mm d p = 0.500 mm d p = 1.000 mm 0,0 0,5 1,0 1,5 2,0 2,5 3,0 3,5 4,0 0,00 0,25 0,50 0,75 1,00 1,25 1,50 1,75 2,00 2,25 2,50 2,75 3,00 Es se nt ia l o il ex tr ac tio n yi el d (% ) Extraction time (hr) d p = 0.180 mm d p = 0.250 mm d p = 0.500 mm d p = 1.000 mm Figure 3: Essential oil extraction yield as a function of extraction time for different particle size, (a) Supercritical CO2, (b) Hydrodistillation.
    keywords: co2; extraction; hydrodistillation; mass; oil; rosemary; supercritical
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        item: #6709 of 7527
          id: cet-4957
      author: sauro
       title: Microsoft Word - 476hernandez.docx
        date: 2015-04-25
       words: 2624
      flesch: 46
     summary: The adsorbent such as magnesium DOI: 10.3303/CET1543190 Please cite this article as: Assawasaengrat P., Jintanavasan P., Kitchaiya P., 2015, Adsorption of ffa, soap and glycerin in biodiesel using magnesium silicate, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 43, 1135-1140 DOI: 10.3303/CET1543190 1135 silicate has the potential of selectively adsorbing hydrophilic materials such as glycerine, mono- and diglycerides. In this paper, the adsorption of free fatty acid, soap, and total glycerine in biodiesel was studied by using magnesium silicate as an adsorbent 2.
    keywords: adsorption; magnesium; mgo; molar; ratio; silicate; sio2; soap
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        item: #6710 of 7527
          id: cet-4958
      author: sauro
       title: Microsoft Word - 476hernandez.docx
        date: 2015-04-25
       words: 2653
      flesch: 46
     summary: According to Table 2, only the molar ratio ethanol: lactic acid was statistically significant for ethyl lactate yield. Among the investigated 1145 operation conditions, only molar ratio ethanol: lactic acid was statistically significant on ethyl lactate yield to a confidence level of 95 %.
    keywords: acid; chemical; distillation; ethanol; ethyl; ethyl lactate; lactate; yield
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        item: #6711 of 7527
          id: cet-4959
      author: sauro
       title: Microsoft Word - 476hernandez.docx
        date: 2015-04-25
       words: 2765
      flesch: 42
     summary: Distribution of gas flow parameters in mass transfer columns with regularly spaced shelves, Theoretical Foundations of Chemical Engineering, 36(5), 409-413. Lapkin A.A., Plucinski P.K., 2010, Engineering factors for efficient flow processes in chemical Industries. Gas flow through the allonge can be calculated on the condition of iso-kinetic capture.
    keywords: apparatuses; chemical; dust; engineering; flow; gas; packing; parameters
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        item: #6712 of 7527
          id: cet-496
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-496
        date: 2018-07-19
       words: 2916
      flesch: 59
     summary: ( / dt) j j j j j k k kddN C dCt dV V= + (1) diff mig conv k k k kJ J J J= − − − − − − (19) ( )242 anode refref 0 cell 4 4cathode anodecathode anode ref ref 0.041 ln 1.266 ln Zn OHO e e OH OH CP RT RT CPE z F z FC C C C − − −            
    keywords: air; anode; battery; cathode; flow; k k; zinc
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        item: #6713 of 7527
          id: cet-4960
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 253benedetti_PART2_pag1153_193.docx
        date: 2015-05-26
       words: 3263
      flesch: 53
     summary: Figure 3a shows the differential pore size evolution as carbonation reaction occurs and the particle porosity is completely lost (Figure 3b) due to the pore closure after 2-3 min. Figure 4a and 4b show the trends of the total pore and reaction surface vs the CaO conversion; the predicted pore specific surface area reaches a value of less than 10 % (of the initial specific surface) at the end of the carbonation. Previous carbonation reaction models (except for Sun et al., 2008b) were not capable to predict simultaneously both the regimes and the sharp regime transition (an example is shown in Figure 1 for the model of Bhatia and Perlmutter, 1981 considering the temperature at 650 °C).
    keywords: carbonation; distribution; model; pore; reaction; size
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        item: #6714 of 7527
          id: cet-4961
      author: sauro
       title: Microsoft Word - 476hernandez.docx
        date: 2015-04-25
       words: 2787
      flesch: 53
     summary: Figure 5: tangential velocity results in point 01: (a) Pareto chat; (b) fitted response surface. Figure 3: axial velocity results in point 03: (a) Pareto chat; (b) fitted response surface.
    keywords: figure; model; parameters; pressure; velocity
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        item: #6715 of 7527
          id: cet-4962
      author: sauro
       title: Microsoft Word - 476hernandez.docx
        date: 2015-04-25
       words: 2908
      flesch: 53
     summary: Ionic liquids are organic salts that are liquids at low temperature and form a family of solvents that have found application in many areas of chemical product and process development. For example, due to their adjustable hydrophobicity and dissolution ability, ionic liquids have been used as effective solvents in extraction processes and gas separations (Brennecke and Maginn, 2003; Zhao, 2006).The interest in ionic liquids has been boosted in recent years due to increasing need for environmentally friendly fluids.
    keywords: heab; heah; heap; ionic; liquids; properties; temperature
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        item: #6716 of 7527
          id: cet-4963
      author: sauro
       title: Microsoft Word - 476hernandez.docx
        date: 2015-04-25
       words: 3421
      flesch: 49
     summary: However, optimal thermodynamic designs using an inline configuration are cheaper for velocities of 1, 2 and 5 m/s. A closer analysis on fan power consumption indicates that it depends both on air volumetric flow and on air pressure drop. To this end, an optimum configuration of the heat exchanger (number of pipes, pipe diameter, tube spacing, air velocity, and so on) must be found.
    keywords: air; condenser; entropy; heat; pressure; production; transfer; tube
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        item: #6717 of 7527
          id: cet-4964
      author: sauro
       title: Microsoft Word - 476hernandez.docx
        date: 2015-04-25
       words: 1359
      flesch: 41
     summary: 1. Materials and methods All the samples of carbon block have been obtained by means extrusion: this process is in general preferred because it is a continuous one and allows changing the parameters during the production. Conclusions The SEM-BSE image analyser demonstrated to be an efficient and reliable method in order to determinate very precisely the degree of filtration of carbon blocks and, generally speaking, of every filtering solid substrate.
    keywords: area; carbon; sample; water
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        item: #6718 of 7527
          id: cet-4965
      author: sauro
       title: Microsoft Word - 476hernandez.docx
        date: 2015-04-25
       words: 3228
      flesch: 51
     summary: Size Exclusion Chromatography SEC The technique used to determine molecular weights of PC samples before and after treatments. 50 100 150 200 20 50 100 neutral pH E a ( kj m o l-1 ) (a) 0 50 100 150 200 20 50 100 neutral pH E a ( kj m o l-1 ) (b) 1186 Table 2: Activation energies and Molecular weights of PC samples after treatment conditions.
    keywords: activation; bpa; degradation; polymer; samples; weight
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        item: #6719 of 7527
          id: cet-4966
      author: sauro
       title: Microsoft Word - 476hernandez.docx
        date: 2015-04-25
       words: 3538
      flesch: 53
     summary: Figure 3: Specific cost of wastes disposal as function of fly ash feed flow rate without additive Figure 4: Specific cost of wastes disposal as function of fly ash feed flow rate with additive References Anthony E.J., Granatstein D.L., 2001, Sulfation phenomena in fluidized bed combustion systems, Progress in Energy and Combustion Science 27(2). The rheological parameters of fly ash slurries with and without additive at different concentrations are reported in Table 1 and Table 2, respectively.
    keywords: ash; coal; combustion; cost; disposal; fly; mining; plant; slurry; underground; wastes
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        item: #6720 of 7527
          id: cet-4967
      author: sauro
       title: Microsoft Word - 476hernandez.docx
        date: 2015-04-25
       words: 4014
      flesch: 35
     summary: Changing in global gene expression (Valenzuela et al., 2012) and protein synthesis (Yang et al., 2014) have been extensively characterized during enhanced lipid production as a consequence of nutrient starvation in the diatoms P. tricornutum. This number will undoubtedly increase in the near future, mainly due to the global growing interest in microalgae production.
    keywords: accumulation; biofactories; biomass; engineering; et al; genomic; lipid; microalgae; production; sequencing; species; tricornutum
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        item: #6721 of 7527
          id: cet-4968
      author: sauro
       title: Microsoft Word - 476hernandez.docx
        date: 2015-04-25
       words: 3061
      flesch: 50
     summary: Ras, M. et al., 2011. Tambone, F. et al., 2009.
    keywords: biomass; digestate; growth; l-1; medium; microalgae; production
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        item: #6722 of 7527
          id: cet-4969
      author: sauro
       title: Microsoft Word - 476hernandez.docx
        date: 2015-04-25
       words: 3094
      flesch: 58
     summary: 4. Conclusion A study on the biogas upgrading by physical CO2 absorption at low pressure and temperature was carried out using water in a bench scale absorption column. Bottoms R. R., 1930, Separating acid gases, U.S. Patent 1783901 Budzianowski M.W., 2011, Benefits of biogas upgrading to biomethane by high-pressure reactive solvent scrubbing, Biofuels Bioprod.
    keywords: absorption; biogas; co2; column; flow; pressure; temperature; water
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        item: #6723 of 7527
          id: cet-497
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-497
        date: 2018-07-19
       words: 2679
      flesch: 54
     summary: 2-D and 3-D models have been developed for the numerical simulation of gas-liquid flow behavior outside tubes, attributed to the significance of falling film flow mode and film distribution (Chen, et al., 2015). Considered the water evaporating rate, the trade- off curve of flow modes from droplet to stable sheet with 2-D model of staggered tube bundle had been obtained (Fiorentino and Starace, 2016).
    keywords: air; column; droplet; film; flow; spray; water
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        item: #6724 of 7527
          id: cet-4970
      author: sauro
       title: Microsoft Word - 476hernandez.docx
        date: 2015-04-25
       words: 3268
      flesch: 47
     summary: A barrier for small and medium enterprises (SMEs) DOI: 10.3303/CET1543203 Please cite this article as: Leva M.C., Naghdali F., Balfe N., Gerbec M., Demichela M., 2015, Remote risk assessment: a case study using scope software, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 43, 1213-1218 DOI: 10.3303/CET1543203 1213 to such use of risk assessment can be the access needed to risk assessment expertise. 1 Introduction Current techniques of risk assessment aim to take into account also human and organizational factors, as suggested by NORSOK Z-013.
    keywords: analysis; assessment; case; process; risk; risk assessment; safety; scope; software; task
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        item: #6725 of 7527
          id: cet-4971
      author: sauro
       title: Microsoft Word - 476hernandez.docx
        date: 2015-04-25
       words: 2692
      flesch: 34
     summary: Since the limited knowledge of accident root causes, slapdash remedies, and occasional inspections are clearly inadequate to highlight and control the criticalities of complex activities, the first target should be an unbiased analysis of the causal chain of events that led to the accident. References Camisassi A., Cigna C., Patrucco M., 2004, Safety at the construction sites: risk analysis and operating conditions of the machineries and lifting equipment (in Italian), GEAM - Geoingegneria ambientale e mineraria, XLI, 19-32.
    keywords: accident; analysis; causes; prevention; risk; root; safety; work
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        item: #6726 of 7527
          id: cet-4972
      author: sauro
       title: Microsoft Word - 476hernandez.docx
        date: 2015-04-25
       words: 3873
      flesch: 41
     summary: Figure 1: Scheme of ensemble clustering approach Several methods have been used to obtain the final ensemble clustering. The novel unsupervised ensemble clustering approach In this Section, the novel unsupervised ensemble clustering approach is proposed to overcome the need of having “a priori” knowledge of the number of clusters M in the final ensemble clustering.
    keywords: approach; base; clustering; clusters; data; ensemble; matrix; number
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        item: #6727 of 7527
          id: cet-4973
      author: sauro
       title: Microsoft Word - 476hernandez.docx
        date: 2015-04-25
       words: 4022
      flesch: 52
     summary: They do this using linguistic DOI: 10.3303/CET1543206 Please cite this article as: Djapan M., Macuzic I., Tadic D., Jeremic B., 2015, Influence of hot factors on risk assessment level based on fuzzy set theory, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 43, 1231-1236 DOI: 10.3303/CET1543206 1231 expressions, which reflects the human way of thinking. Introduction Nowadays, risk management and risk assessment have become very popular and much used terms.
    keywords: assessment; factors; importance; level; model; risk; safety; sub; value
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        item: #6728 of 7527
          id: cet-4974
      author: sauro
       title: Microsoft Word - 476hernandez.docx
        date: 2015-04-25
       words: 2465
      flesch: 35
     summary: Sequential, Epidemiological, Systematic and Dynamic Sequential Models (DSAMs) are main classes of accident models as reported by the Al-Shanini et al (2014), and illustrated in the Figure 1. Sequential models follow the chain of events while epidemiological models focus on the performance deviations and also on the environmental conditions. DOI: 10.3303/CET1543207 Please cite this article as: Ahmad M., Pontiggia M., 2015, Modified swiss cheese model to analyse the accidents, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 43, 1237-1242 DOI: 10.3303/CET1543207 1237 Figure 1: Accident model classification 2.
    keywords: accident; cheese; errors; human; manual; model; safety
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        item: #6729 of 7527
          id: cet-4975
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 626geng-Table 3 correction-confirmed.docx
        date: 2015-05-26
       words: 3386
      flesch: 43
     summary: It was used to validate the result derived from FUZZY CREAM tool application. Application of FUZZY CREAM FUZZY CREAM tool was applied to a case study from a food manufacturing company, which produced food stabilizers, ingredients, starches and gums.
    keywords: area; assessment; atex; classification; cream; hep; method; probability; risk
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        item: #6730 of 7527
          id: cet-4976
      author: sauro
       title: Microsoft Word - 476hernandez.docx
        date: 2015-04-25
       words: 3895
      flesch: 44
     summary: Although, all above mentioned approaches can be useful in keeping human robot interaction safe, their insufficient information of human bio-mechanics about the power of the human body weaken their efficiency. Hence, surveys in the area of human robot cooperation requires to be considered from the safety and risk assessment points of view as well as system control prospective.
    keywords: analysis; assessment; collision; control; design; human; interaction; phri; risk; robot; safety; system
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        item: #6731 of 7527
          id: cet-4977
      author: sauro
       title: Microsoft Word - 476hernandez.docx
        date: 2015-04-25
       words: 2022
      flesch: 38
     summary: The running work is now the application of the revised model to the new set of occupational accidents data, and namely: 1. maintenance activities; 2. minimal handling of loads; 3. more recent data on the wood and metallurgical industry, to which the method was previously applied. The activities are here introduced with their early results related to: a) the analysis of large database of occupational accidents, with the aim of identifying, through the clustering of similar events, the more critical features to be used in risk assessment and prevention; b) the in-depth analysis of occupational accidents, that through a combination of Event Tree and Fault Tree Analysis, leads to focus step by step the intermediate and root causes of work-related accidents; c) the collection, classification and analysis of unsafe acts and unsafe conditions as precursors of occupational accidents, in order to identify the measures to be adopted to minimize their recurrence.
    keywords: accidents; analysis; data; figure; prevention; risk
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        item: #6732 of 7527
          id: cet-4978
      author: sauro
       title: Microsoft Word - 476hernandez.docx
        date: 2015-04-25
       words: 2952
      flesch: 45
     summary: The method has been applied successfully to a data base of occupational accident with the purpose of grouping the element according with their similarity and making a clear visualisation of this classification. The systematic reporting and collecting of occupational accidents in an organised data base represent a measurement of the safety level of a system and not only a collection of single events.
    keywords: accident; analysis; clustering; data; level; method; number
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        item: #6733 of 7527
          id: cet-4979
      author: sauro
       title: Microsoft Word - 476hernandez.docx
        date: 2015-04-25
       words: 3168
      flesch: 41
     summary: The goal of this study is improving actual used human error analysis tools and replace or upgrade them with more efficient one. The application of taxonomy HFACS allows to understand the general trends of human errors in a structured way to identifying the causes of an accident, but only represents the first step in the analysis of the problem.
    keywords: accidents; analysis; errors; factors; hfacs; human; method; safety; system; wcm
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        item: #6734 of 7527
          id: cet-498
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-498
        date: 2018-07-19
       words: 3588
      flesch: 48
     summary: Schumm G., Philipp M., Schlosser F., Hesselbach J., Walmsley T.G., Atkins M.J., 2017, Hybrid heating system for increased energy efficiency and flexible control of low temperature heat, Energy Efficiency, DOI: 10.1007/s1205. Umweltgerechte Produkte und Prozesse, Kurt-Wolters-Straße 3, 34125 Kassel, Germany bTechnische Hochschule Ingolstadt, Institute of new Energy Systems, Esplanade 10 85049 Ingolstadt, Germany cSustainable Process Integration Laboratory – SPIL, NETME Centre, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Brno University of Technology - VUT Brno, Technická 2896/2, 616 69 Brno, Czech Republic schlosser@upp-kassel.de Prerequisite for hot water recovery in the dairy and beverage industry is the use of heat storage, such as stratified tanks.
    keywords: energy; heat; layers; model; recovery; simulation; storage; tank; temperature; thermocline; walmsley
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        item: #6735 of 7527
          id: cet-4980
      author: sauro
       title: Microsoft Word - 476hernandez.docx
        date: 2015-04-25
       words: 3320
      flesch: 59
     summary: I, k ∈ ST, bh ∈ BH, sk = STSK thi,k ≥ THi,OUT ; i ∈ I, k ∈ STlast tcj,k ≥ tcj,k+1 tcpj,k,bc,sk ≥ tcpj,k,bc,sk+1 ; j ∈ J, k ∈ ST, bc ∈ BC, sk = STSK tci,k ≤ TCj,OUT ; j ∈ J, k ∈ STfirst 6.1 Maximum matching constraints 6.2 Flow constraints Σj,bc zi,j,k,bh,bc,sk ≤ 1 ; I, k ∈ ST, bh ∈ BH, sk = STSKlast TCj,IN = tcj,k ; j ∈ J, k = STlast tcj,k+1 = tcpj,k,bc,sk ; j ∈ J, k ∈ ST, bc ∈ BC, sk = STSKlast FCjtcj,k+1 = Σbc (fcpj,k,bctcpj,k,bc,sk) + (FCj - Σbc fcpj,k,bc)tcj,k+1 ; j ∈ J, k ∈ ST, bc ∈ BC, sk = STSKlast FCjtcj,k = Σbc (fcpj,k,bctcpj,k,bc,sk) + (FCj - Σbc fcpj,k,bc)tcj,k+1 ; j ∈ J, k ∈ ST, bc ∈ BC, sk = STSKfirst 5.
    keywords: bc ∈; bh ∈; j ∈; k ∈; model; ∈ st
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        item: #6736 of 7527
          id: cet-4981
      author: sauro
       title: Microsoft Word - 476hernandez.docx
        date: 2015-04-25
       words: 3731
      flesch: 56
     summary: Waste heat streams that have lower supply temperature are preferably cooled using in parallel arrangement. Therefore they are considered as waste heat streams.
    keywords: exchangers; heat; hen; network; stream; temperature; waste; water
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        item: #6737 of 7527
          id: cet-4982
      author: sauro
       title: Microsoft Word - 476hernandez.docx
        date: 2015-04-25
       words: 2637
      flesch: 57
     summary: For that purpose, the point’s size is proportional to the amount of exergy losses in the unit operation. In order to make exergy analysis more understandable and to overcome some of the difficulties in industrial application, it was decided to develop a supporting graphical representation of the exergy analysis.
    keywords: analysis; diagram; exergy; figure; streams; temperature; unit
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        item: #6738 of 7527
          id: cet-4983
      author: sauro
       title: Microsoft Word - 476hernandez.docx
        date: 2015-04-25
       words: 3349
      flesch: 56
     summary: Linnhoff, B., Mason, D. R., and Wardle, I. (1979) ‘Understanding heat exchanger networks’, Comp Chem Eng, 3, pp. 295- Linnhoff, B., Townsend, D. W., Boland, D., Hewitt, G. F., Thomas, B. E. A., and Guy A. R. (1982) Linnhoff, B., and Flower, J. R. (1978) ‘Synthesis of heat exchanger networks: I. Systematic generation of energy optimal networks’, AIChE J, 24(4), pp.
    keywords: cold; energy; exchanger; heat; pinch; stream; temperatures
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        item: #6739 of 7527
          id: cet-4984
      author: sauro
       title: Microsoft Word - 476hernandez.docx
        date: 2015-04-25
       words: 3519
      flesch: 46
     summary: Yusup S., Zabiri H., Yusoff N., Yew Y.C., 2006, Modeling and optimization of ammonia reactor using shooting methods, in: Proceedings of the Fifth WSEAS Int. An effective way of dealing with this kind of optimization problem is carrying out a full discretization of the DAE system and incorporating the discretized DAEs into an NLP formulation.
    keywords: ammonia; gas; optimization; problem; properties; reactor; temperature; work
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        item: #6740 of 7527
          id: cet-4985
      author: sauro
       title: Microsoft Word - 476hernandez.docx
        date: 2015-04-25
       words: 3828
      flesch: 42
     summary: Conclusions This work has presented technical and semantic interfaces between software for process simulation and other software packages commonly used in process engineering. 3.1 Property Data Typically, process simulation programs provide property data from specialized vendors.
    keywords: chemcad; chemical; data; engineering; excel; flow; object; process; simulator; software
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        item: #6741 of 7527
          id: cet-4986
      author: sauro
       title: Microsoft Word - 476hernandez.docx
        date: 2015-04-25
       words: 3582
      flesch: 46
     summary: Since the biofuel company usually has advantages in terms of resources and technologies, we assume the biofuel company to be the DOI: 10.3303/CET1543219 Please cite this article as: Yue D., You F., 2015, Bilevel optimization for design and operations of non-cooperative biofuel supply chains, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 43, 1309-1314 DOI: 10.3303/CET1543219 1309 leader of the supply chain, while the farmers and biofuel consumers are assumed to be followers. Introduction Most existing works on biofuel supply chain optimization assume that the management over the entire supply chain is centralized (Akgul et al., 2013).
    keywords: biofuel; biomass; biorefineries; chain; company; minlp; optimization; problem; supply
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        item: #6742 of 7527
          id: cet-4987
      author: sauro
       title: Microsoft Word - 476hernandez.docx
        date: 2015-04-25
       words: 4003
      flesch: 35
     summary: Journal of Cleaner Production 47, 274-282 Srivastava S., 2007, Green supply-chain management: A state-of-the-art literature review, International Journal of Management Reviews 9, 53-80 Sundarakani B., Souza R., Goh M., Wagner S., Manikandan, S., 2010, Modeling carbon footprints across the supply chain, International Journal of Production Economics 128, 43-50 Testa F., Iraldo F., 2010, Shadows and lights of GSCM (Green Supply Chain Management): determinants and effects of these practices based on a multi-national study, Journal of Cleaner Production 18, 953-962 Zhu Q., Sarkis J., 2007, The moderating effects of institutional pressures on emergent green supply chain practices and performance, International Journal of Production Research 45, 18-19, 4333-4355 Zhu Q., Sarkis J., Geng Y., 2005, Green supply chain management in China: pressures, practices and performance, International Journal of Operations & Production Management 25, 449-468 Zhu Q., Sarkis J., Lai K., 2007, Green supply chain management: pressures, practices and performance within the Chinese automobile industry, Journal of Cleaner Production 15, 1041-1052 Zhu Q., Sarkis J., Lai K., 2008, Confirmation of a measurement model for green supply chain management practices implementation, International Journal of Production Economics 111, 261-273 Zhu Q., Sarkis J., Lai K., 2012, Examining the effects of green supply chain management practices and their mediations on performance improvements, International Journal of Production Research 50, 1377-1394 1320 Environmental Quality Management, 19, 7-22 Borchardt M., Wendt M., Pereira G., Sellitto M., 2011, Redesign of a component based on ecodesign practices: environmental impact and cost reduction achievements, Journal of Cleaner Production, 19, 49- 57 Carter C., Rogers D., 2008, A framework of sustainable supply chain management: moving toward new theory, International Journal of Physical Distribution & Logistics Management, 38, 360-387 Deutsch N., Dravavolgyi T., Rideg A., 2013, Note on the development of sustainable supply chain strategy, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 35, 655-660 Ferretti I., Zanoni S., Zavanella L., Diana A., 2007, Greening the aluminium supply chain, International Journal of Production Economics, 108, 236-245 Gopalakrishnan K., Yusuf Y., Musa A., Abubakar T., Ambursa H., 2012, Sustainable supply chain management: A case study of British Aerospace (BAe) Systems, International Journal of Production Economics, 140, 193-203 Govindan K., Kaliyan M., Kannan D., Haq A., 2014, Barriers analysis for green supply chain management implementation in Indian industries using analytic hierarchy process, International Journal of Production Economics 147, 555-568 Hervani A., Helms M., Sarkis J., 2005, Performance measurement for green supply chain management.
    keywords: chain; green; gscm; implementation; management; performance; practices; supply
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        item: #6743 of 7527
          id: cet-4988
      author: sauro
       title: Microsoft Word - 476hernandez.docx
        date: 2015-04-25
       words: 3680
      flesch: 42
     summary: Mathias, P.M. et al., 2013, Thermodynamic analysis of CO2 capture solvents. While natural deep eutectic solvents represent the next generation solvents, whether they can duplicate the success story of ionic liquids and the dazzling performance of switchable solvents, however, is yet to tell.
    keywords: chemical; co2; distillation; extraction; liquids; market; oil; polarity; solvent; switchable
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        item: #6744 of 7527
          id: cet-4989
      author: sauro
       title: Microsoft Word - 476hernandez.docx
        date: 2015-04-25
       words: 3786
      flesch: 50
     summary:  − = otherwise 0 ogy by technol produced is material if 1 logy for techno material raw a is material if /1 , ev ev b e ev η Variables CCe,t: expansion cost of tech e at time t CRv,t: cost of nonrenewable material v at time t, ∀vVRvVRR CXe,t: cumulative capacity of tech e at time t CRDe,t: total R&D expenditure of tech e at time t Pe,t: production from tech e at time t Rv,t: amount of material v produced (∀vVP) or consumed (∀vVR) at time t TC: total cost Xe,t: capacity expansion of technology e at time t    = otherwise 0 at time stageat least at is y technologif 1 ,, tse Y tse 1329 teete BLTermCXCC ,0,, 3= et,∀ (2a) tetete NLTermNLTermBLTerm ,,, 213 ⋅= et,∀ (2b) e e te te CX CX NLTerm α         = 0, , ,1 et,∀ (2c) e e te te CRD CRD NLTerm β         = 0, , ,2 et,∀ (2d) The Capacity Constraint (Figure 1) includes another bilinear term and is reformulated as shown in Eq(3): tete BLTermP ,, 4≤ et,∀ (3a) tetete CXYBLTerm ,,3,,4 ⋅= et,∀ (3b) With these modifications, it is observed that the BTCC investment planning problem has two groups of nonlinear terms (NLterm1e,t and NLterm2e,t) and four groups of bilinear terms (BLterm1e,t, BLterm2e,t, BLterm3e,t, and BLterm4e,t).
    keywords: minlp; mip; nonlinear; number; planning; solution; terms
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        item: #6745 of 7527
          id: cet-499
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-499
        date: 2018-07-19
       words: 3005
      flesch: 58
     summary: In this report a chemical energy storage facility is proposed as a solution for energy storage. Please cite this article as: Setiadjid D.H., 2018, Green energy storage: a developing technique to store excess electricity with bicarbonate salts , Chemical Engineering Transactions, 70, 409-414 DOI:10.3303/CET1870069 409 2.
    keywords: bicarbonate; cost; electrolysers; energy; process; storage; water
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        item: #6746 of 7527
          id: cet-4990
      author: sauro
       title: Microsoft Word - 476hernandez.docx
        date: 2015-04-25
       words: 3972
      flesch: 52
     summary: Proposed model This Section is devoted to identify the structure and features of a family of econometric models capable of describing the functional dependency of a general commodity price (specifically the benzene one) respect to the quotation of the reference component (e.g., crude oil). The exploitation of econometric models makes more realistic and detailed the feasibility study of industrial processes.
    keywords: average; benzene; models; moving; number; prices; time
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        item: #6747 of 7527
          id: cet-4991
      author: sauro
       title: Microsoft Word - 476hernandez.docx
        date: 2015-04-25
       words: 3062
      flesch: 43
     summary: Before describing the structure of “&cOlive”, the next paragraph presents virgin olive oil production system as the core of the tool. The double axes interpretation of the method permits to make more understandable the complexity of a complex system such as virgin olive oil production system.
    keywords: approach; assessment; enterprise; life; oil; olive; process; production; sustainability; system; virgin
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        item: #6748 of 7527
          id: cet-4992
      author: sauro
       title: Microsoft Word - 476hernandez.docx
        date: 2015-04-25
       words: 3480
      flesch: 41
     summary: Case study: A posteriori integration of different university CAPE developments 3.1 Exemplary developments ICAS-MoT and BzzMath ICAS-MoT is based on in-depth work-flows for different generic modelling tasks such as model development, analysis, identification, discrimination, documentation and application. A framework for local model storage in an intranet, in contrast to the centralized database available from around the world, is a need to protect industrial models containing valuable proprietary information.
    keywords: bzzmath; code; file; icas; model; modelling; mosaic; mot; software; xml
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        item: #6749 of 7527
          id: cet-4993
      author: sauro
       title: Microsoft Word - 476hernandez.docx
        date: 2015-04-25
       words: 1858
      flesch: 39
     summary: Table 3: Experimental combustion temperature (K). 3.2 Combustion wave temperature and propagation rate Figure 6 shows results of combustion temperature for mixture methane-air in function of equivalence ratio.
    keywords: combustion; energy; equivalence; figure; gas; ratio; temperature
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        item: #6750 of 7527
          id: cet-4994
      author: sauro
       title: Microsoft Word - 476hernandez.docx
        date: 2015-04-25
       words: 3074
      flesch: 30
     summary: Results from strategic model are sent to the lower level of optimization model in which operating conditions of the plant are optimized through an iterative process simulation and stochastic optimization. In the first stage (strategic model) different scenarios are developed based on stochastic forecasts for uncertain market parameters including price and demand of bioproducts.
    keywords: model; optimization; parameters; process; production; results; risk; simulation; stochastic
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        item: #6751 of 7527
          id: cet-4995
      author: sauro
       title: Microsoft Word - 476hernandez.docx
        date: 2015-04-25
       words: 3357
      flesch: 51
     summary: A deep study in spouted beds using appropriate multiphase models must be performed in order to understand what it is actually happening inside the fluidized bed. Several studies (Wang et al., 2006) have shown that this approach is capable of predicting gas-solids behaviour in spouted beds with high accuracy.
    keywords: bed; fluid; gas; model; particles; phase; rice
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        item: #6752 of 7527
          id: cet-4996
      author: sauro
       title: Microsoft Word - 476hernandez.docx
        date: 2015-04-25
       words: 3664
      flesch: 50
     summary: DOI: 10.3303/CET1543229 Please cite this article as: Bacci Di Capaci R., Scali C., Rossi E., Gomiero F., Pagano A., 2015, A system for advanced performance monitoring: application to complex plants of the chemical industry, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 43, 1369-1374 DOI: 10.3303/CET1543229 1369 Figure 1: The reference scheme for a control loop with: left) standard equipment; right) advanced devices The research group of the Chemical Process Control Laboratory (CPCLab) of the University of Pisa is active in control loop monitoring systems since many years. Examples of field results are then presented, with illustration of loops performance assessment and actions suggested by the monitoring system.
    keywords: control; figure; loops; pcu; performance; scali; stiction; system; valve
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        item: #6753 of 7527
          id: cet-4997
      author: sauro
       title: Microsoft Word - 476hernandez.docx
        date: 2015-04-25
       words: 3204
      flesch: 36
     summary: However, the effect of antisolvent flow rate is more noticeable compared with temperature. In Eq(5) the β parameter changes inversely with the amount of antisolvent flow rate.
    keywords: antisolvent; concentration; conductivity; crystallization; model; rate; salt; temperature
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        item: #6754 of 7527
          id: cet-4998
      author: sauro
       title: Microsoft Word - 476hernandez.docx
        date: 2015-04-25
       words: 3091
      flesch: 55
     summary: We DOI: 10.3303/CET1543231 Please cite this article as: Preisig H.A., 2015, Constructing process models systematically, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 43, 1381-1386 DOI: 10.3303/CET1543231 1381 view the process we model as one part of the universe with the other being its environment into which it is embedded (Preisig, 2010 and 2014) . We discuss on a simple example the systematic construction of process models based on system theoretical concepts that gives us the possibility to guarantee the completness and structural correctness of the resulting equations.
    keywords: behaviour; definition; equations; flow; model; state; system
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        item: #6755 of 7527
          id: cet-4999
      author: sauro
       title: Microsoft Word - 476hernandez.docx
        date: 2015-04-25
       words: 2878
      flesch: 47
     summary: Conclusions Optimal operation of batch reactive distillation column involving the esterification process of AA with MeOH to produce MeAc and H2O was considered. The integration of chemical reaction and separation processes in one unit operation results in batch reactive distillation.
    keywords: batch; case; conversion; distillation; esterification; meac; reflux; time
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        item: #6756 of 7527
          id: cet-500
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-500
        date: 2018-07-19
       words: 3063
      flesch: 51
     summary: To capture the phenomena of CWCTs and gain a more realistic and manageable model, this work takes advantage of the previous knowledge to develop a CFD-assistant modeling optimization strategy for synthesizing cooling water system which incorporates multiple CWCTs installed with plain tubes. In this way, the high-efficient removal of heat by circulating cooling water can be achieved.
    keywords: cfd; cooling; cwcts; systems; water
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        item: #6757 of 7527
          id: cet-5000
      author: sauro
       title: Microsoft Word - 476hernandez.docx
        date: 2015-04-25
       words: 3532
      flesch: 51
     summary: Some examples of existing overdesigned membrane plants are reported in DOI: 10.3303/CET1543233 Please cite this article as: Stoller M., 2015, About the development of advanced membrane process control systems, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 43, 1393-1398 DOI: 10.3303/CET1543233 1393 bibliography (Hassan et al.; Pirokova, 2006). Nowadays membrane processes are controlled by a constant permeate flow rate or constant applied operating pressure.
    keywords: control; flux; fouling; membrane; process; processes; stoller; time; values
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        item: #6758 of 7527
          id: cet-5001
      author: sauro
       title: Microsoft Word - 476hernandez.docx
        date: 2015-04-25
       words: 2373
      flesch: 57
     summary: Moreover, particle mass flow rates are investigated at each outlet by the number of feed injector. Standard deviations of particle mass flow rate at the 4-injector riser case and 6-injector riser case represent respectively 11.3 and 8.8.
    keywords: cyclone; deposit; figure; flow; mass; particle; riser
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        item: #6759 of 7527
          id: cet-5002
      author: sauro
       title: Microsoft Word - 476hernandez.docx
        date: 2015-04-25
       words: 2860
      flesch: 46
     summary: The rig can be divided into a few sections (Pental 2011): storage tank, test sections, pumps, cooling loop and circulation pipework. Calculated velocities are presented in Table 2 and 3 and plotted in Figure 7 and 8, when using two parallel tubular test sections, with test section 1 a ¾“ diameter tube and test section 2 of 1” diameter.
    keywords: data; figure; fouling; model; oil; rig; section; test
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        item: #6760 of 7527
          id: cet-5003
      author: sauro
       title: Microsoft Word - 476hernandez.docx
        date: 2015-04-25
       words: 2496
      flesch: 52
     summary: This work, therefore, showed that the fermentation time spent in flasks (144 h), could be reduced in 12 hours, increasing 3.6 times the yield and keeping the surface and interface tensions at the lowest level. Moreover, the biosurfactant produced by C. guilliermondii shows potential to be applied in oil spills.
    keywords: biosurfactant; extraction; figure; surface; tension
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        item: #6761 of 7527
          id: cet-5004
      author: sauro
       title: Microsoft Word - 476hernandez.docx
        date: 2015-04-25
       words: 2697
      flesch: 42
     summary: 1419 Table 3: Neural Networks training results using KP, KA and PF as output variables T (Nrn,Lyr) R MSE KP KA PF Inter. Function Inter. Function 2 Output Function T1 (10,1) 0.8862 0.14369 0.88394 0.91154 0.67951 Tansig Purelin Purelin T2 (20,1) 0.9514 0.06371 0.95463 0.95836 0.87268 Tansig Purelin Purelin T3 (30,1) 0.9846 0.02045 0.99418 0.98574 0.92548 Tansig Purelin Purelin T4 (30,2) 0.6465 0.40178 0.63385 0.66119 0.49902 Tansig Purelin Purelin T5 (30,2) 0.9807 0.02573 0.99149 0.98097 0.91795 Logsig Purelin Purelin T6 (40,2) 0.9858 0.01901 0.99351 0.98713 0.93540 Tansig Purelin Purelin T7 (50,2) 0.9854 0.01953 0.99307 0.98720 0.93223 Tansig Purelin Purelin T8 (5,2) 0.7577 0.28486 0.75959 0.76642 0.54001 Tansig Purelin Purelin T9 (10,2) 0.8814 0.14927 0.88072 0.90113 0.70156 Tansig Purelin Purelin T10 (20,2) 0.9688 0.04160 0.98592 0.97862 0.80179 Tansig Purelin Purelin T11 (30,3) 0.9840 0.02118 0.99243 0.98553 0.92806 Tansig Purelin Purelin T12 (30,4) Over the years, researchers have investigated the use of alternatives bulk recovery techniques, such as expanded bed absorption (Silveira et al., 2009) and Fractional Precipitation (Martins et al., 2014) but the use of ATPS if by far the most employed: Reverse micelles (Umesh Hebbar et al., 2008) , High-speed counter-current chromatography (Yin et al., 2011), combining it with fractional precipitation (Coelho et al., 2012) and endless variety of salts and polymers, such as PEG/potassium phosphate (Ferreira et al., 2014) and PEO–PPO–PEO block polymers (Rabelo et al., 2004).
    keywords: bromelain; data; network; neural; purelin; purification; variables
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        item: #6762 of 7527
          id: cet-5005
      author: sauro
       title: Microsoft Word - 476hernandez.docx
        date: 2015-04-25
       words: 3756
      flesch: 49
     summary: Cost breakdown of water management options in MILFP problem (P) and MILP problem (EP) Water acquisition Transportation Onsite treatment CWT Storage MILFP problem (P) 3% 6% 79% 11% 1% MILP problem (EP) 4% 29% 13% 51% 3% To facilitate the solution process of resulting MILFP problem, we present three tailored global optimization algorithms: a parametric algorithm based on the exact Newton’s method, a reformulation-linearization method, and an algorithm integrating the Branch-and-Bound and Charnes-Cooper transformation methods.
    keywords: constraints; freshwater; gas; management; milfp; problem; production; shale; treatment; water
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        item: #6763 of 7527
          id: cet-5006
      author: sauro
       title: Microsoft Word - 476hernandez.docx
        date: 2015-04-25
       words: 3100
      flesch: 64
     summary: A U T T ρ ω ρ ω − − − − − − = = =  + = − A U T T ρ ω ρ ω ω − − − − − − = = =  + = − +   + Δ + − + −      (0) ( ) ( ) ( ) , 1 , , 1 1 1 1 , 1 1 , , , 1 0 2 i n i n V VNC p pV V V V V V mix n n n n n i n i NC LV TOT V eq ev L LV LV V L n n i n i n n n n n n i c
    keywords: l l; mix n; n l; n n; v v
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        item: #6764 of 7527
          id: cet-5007
      author: sauro
       title: Microsoft Word - 476hernandez.docx
        date: 2015-04-25
       words: 3045
      flesch: 54
     summary: This methodology achieves by using several heuristics to reduce energy consumption and transforming CCs to exergy diagram for exergy destruction. In addition, exergy diagram is constructed by transforming temperature in CCs to exergetic temperature (T ) which use the square bracket factor in Eq.
    keywords: case; exergy; figure; process; refrigeration; temperature; work
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        item: #6765 of 7527
          id: cet-5008
      author: sauro
       title: Microsoft Word - 476hernandez.docx
        date: 2015-04-25
       words: 3347
      flesch: 37
     summary: a b Figure 1: LCA for petrochemical complex before (a) and after (b) GWP minimization Figure 2: Petrochemical complex environmental impact with Eco-Indicator 99 Figure 3 shows Pareto optimal solutions. The objective function considers the maximization of total profit and the minimization of environmental impact, subject to constraints on mass balances, bounds on product demands, equipment capacities and intermediate and final product storage tanks limitations.
    keywords: complex; cycle; gas; gwp; impact; lca; lci; life; optimization; petrochemical
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        item: #6766 of 7527
          id: cet-5009
      author: sauro
       title: Microsoft Word - 476hernandez.docx
        date: 2015-04-25
       words: 3387
      flesch: 41
     summary: These projects for the implementation of renewable energy systems have been formulated by the Ministry of Mines and Energy (MME) and other entities attached, such as: the Mining and Energy Planning Unit (UPME), the Regulatory Commission for Energy and Gas (CREG), public facilities such as Planning Institute of Energy Solutions for ZNI (IPSE), among other. In addition, energy solution commonly used in ZNI (diesel oil generation) is not the most feasible economically, since the costs necessary to supply the minimum energy demand is very high due to the rising costs of fuels used and the lack of technological development and skills in renewable energy systems.
    keywords: demand; energy; hydro; maximum; minimum; power; scenarios; system; wind
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        item: #6767 of 7527
          id: cet-501
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-501
        date: 2018-07-19
       words: 3031
      flesch: 60
     summary: Suggested recipes were shaped in standard tile form, dried and fired at 1,160 oC for 15 min. Tests performed on these tiles revealed that they abide by standard requirements for ceramic wall tiles. DOI: 10.3303/CET1870071 Please cite this article as: Elmahgary M.G., Amin S.K., Sadek M.A., Abadir M.F., 2018, Waste minimisation of ceramic wall tiles , Chemical Engineering Transactions, 70, 421-426 DOI:10.3303/CET1870071 421 2.
    keywords: ceramic; dust; mix; roller; sludge; table; tiles; wall; waste
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        item: #6768 of 7527
          id: cet-5010
      author: sauro
       title: Microsoft Word - 476hernandez.docx
        date: 2015-04-25
       words: 2940
      flesch: 42
     summary: Process times that intrinsically contain an uncertainty and/or are managed by an operator, and the plant up-time and break-down times were modelled using probabilistic distributions with parameters determined through measured data fittings and/or data directly obtained from decaffeinated coffee producers. The application scope of this work refers to an industrial decaffeination process of coffee beans, based on a supercritical carbon dioxide extraction, executed by a semi-continuous flow of materials as well as a discrete units production.
    keywords: beans; caffeine; coffee; model; parameters; plant; process; production; simulation; time
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        item: #6769 of 7527
          id: cet-5011
      author: sauro
       title: Microsoft Word - 476hernandez.docx
        date: 2015-04-25
       words: 3644
      flesch: 47
     summary: Reactor temperature ( º C) HEMA N2 TBPO N2 HEMA TBPO Reaction Zone Deposition Area T1 10 100 2 20 225 110 25 25 T2 7.5 75 1.5 15 225 110 25 25 T3 5 50 1 10 225 110 25 25 T4 7.5 75 4 40 225 110 25 25 T5 7.5 75 2 20 225 110 25 25 T6 7.5 75 1 10 225 110 25 25 T7 10 50 2 10 225 110 25 25 T8 10 100 2 20 175 60 25 25 T1.1 10 100 2 20 225 110 100 25 T1.2 10 100 2 20 225 110 150 25 T1.3 10 100 2 20 225 110 200 25 T1.2.1 10 100 2 20 225 110 150 5 Table 3: Heat capacity, specific heat, viscosity and thermal conductivity of the CVD precursors Properties HEMA TBPO Viscosity (N.s / m2) 15.31815.288 The development of CVD reactors has been extensively studied, but little is known about their fluid dynamic behavior and associated heat and mass transfer effects.
    keywords: chemical; cvd; deposition; distribution; flow; heat; reaction; reactor; temperature; velocity
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        item: #6770 of 7527
          id: cet-5012
      author: sauro
       title: Microsoft Word - 476hernandez.docx
        date: 2015-04-25
       words: 3016
      flesch: 61
     summary: The bottom stream leaving the flash drum (S-1011) is directed to SEP-1 block (Figure 2a) in which the stream S-106 recovers the rest of syngas and methane that come from R-1001, and in the stream S-104 which contains 66,34 % w/w of the water entering the distillation column and 100 % w/w of the acetic acid. In SEP-7, using a solvent (Ethylene Glycol, EG) the entering mixture is dehydrated in the first column (C-701) generating the top stream (S-707), consisting in an acetate- rich stream and the bottom stream (S-708) that consists of solvent, water and ethanol (the proportion in mass solvent:feed stream is 1:3).
    keywords: energy; ethanol; figure; process; stream; syngas; water
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        item: #6771 of 7527
          id: cet-5013
      author: sauro
       title: Microsoft Word - 476hernandez.docx
        date: 2015-04-25
       words: 3402
      flesch: 49
     summary: To deal with the computational difficulty of the integrated problem, we first propose a flexible recipe method which decomposes the integrated problem into an integrated planning and scheduling problem with flexible recipes and a set of dynamic optimization problems. Recently, a few advances have been made on integrating the process operations and dynamic optimization problems, for both batch processes (Chu and You, 2014a) and for the continuous processes.
    keywords: level; method; optimization; planning; problem; recipe; scheduling
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        item: #6772 of 7527
          id: cet-5014
      author: sauro
       title: Microsoft Word - 476hernandez.docx
        date: 2015-04-25
       words: 3023
      flesch: 43
     summary: Second generation bioethanol production process and its integration stages (SSF and SSCF). These correspond to first generation bioethanol (route 1), second generation bioethanol (route 2) and bioethanol joint production (route 3).
    keywords: bioethanol; distillation; exergy; fermentation; generation; joint; process; processes; production; stage
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        item: #6773 of 7527
          id: cet-5015
      author: sauro
       title: Microsoft Word - 476hernandez.docx
        date: 2015-04-25
       words: 3411
      flesch: 57
     summary: The SO2 is next reduced by residual H2S by means of catalytic reactors for obtaining elemental sulfur: 2 2 2 32 2xH S SO S H Ox+ → + (2) DOI: 10.3303/CET1543248 Please cite this article as: Bassani A., Manenti F., Ranzi E., Lima N.N.M., Zuniga Linan L., 2015, Novel coal gasification process: improvement of syngas yield and cut of emissions, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 43, 1483-1488 DOI: 10.3303/CET1543248 1483 The elemental sulfur is partially used in process industry to produce sulfuric acid; nevertheless, since most portion of sulfur is stocked and commercial demand for sulfuric acid can be weak, the neutralization process represents a significant plant cost. Although some aspects are still unresolved, thermodynamics, kinetics (Manenti et al., 2013a) and process control (Signor et al., 2010) of Claus process have been plentifully studied so far; consequently, the H2S and CO2 conversion process starts from a conceptual and technological validated basis.
    keywords: co2; h2s; process; reactor; section; stream; syngas; wash
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        item: #6774 of 7527
          id: cet-5016
      author: sauro
       title: Microsoft Word - 476hernandez.docx
        date: 2015-04-25
       words: 3374
      flesch: 51
     summary: 1493 Figure 6: The control action on the reverse osmosis pressure 4. Conclusions The paper discusses some existing works devoted to the modeling of reverse osmosis membranes and the development of control systems for the same units. It examines the existing mathematical models of reverse osmosis membranes and the need for developing own mathematical model of these elements.
    keywords: control; controller; membrane; model; osmosis; permeate; water
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        item: #6775 of 7527
          id: cet-5017
      author: sauro
       title: Microsoft Word - 476hernandez.docx
        date: 2015-04-25
       words: 3279
      flesch: 50
     summary: ILs are salts in liquid state with a melting point below 100 ºC. ILs can be possibly tuned to have special properties by adjusting the cation and anion in their molecules for many applications especially absorbent for CO2 capture process. However, the limitation of MEA process was the corrosion due to loaded MEA solutions, high losses of solvent and degradation of MEA.
    keywords: co2; energy; heat; integration; mea; process; system
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        item: #6776 of 7527
          id: cet-5018
      author: sauro
       title: Microsoft Word - 476hernandez.docx
        date: 2015-04-25
       words: 3454
      flesch: 50
     summary: Savola T., Fogelholm C., 2006, Increased power to heat ratio of small scale CHP plants using biomass fuels and natural gas, Energy Conversion and Management, 47, 3105-3118. .7 .8 .9 P E M FC e ffi ci en cy ( % ) 30 40 50 60 70 0 0 0 0 0 Figure 2: Power-to-heat ratio of the biomass gasification and PEMFC system Figure 3: Effect of power production on cell potential and PEMFC efficiency 1504 3.3 Hydrogen production
    keywords: biomass; heat; pemfc; power; production; ratio; system
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        item: #6777 of 7527
          id: cet-5019
      author: sauro
       title: Microsoft Word - 476hernandez.docx
        date: 2015-04-25
       words: 3164
      flesch: 29
     summary: A program allows to prepare specialists in Nuclear Engineering field with Computer Aided Process abilities for Nuclear Reactor Engineering и Chemical Enginering. Thus, the program implementation will provide a significant economic effect and safety in Nuclear Engineering field.
    keywords: automation; chemical; control; department; development; engineering; industry; nuclear; process; program; systems
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        item: #6778 of 7527
          id: cet-502
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-502
        date: 2018-07-19
       words: 3971
      flesch: 51
     summary: Then, the mixture of ETBE and ethanol is mixed with the concentrated ethanol from ethanol concentration column by appropriate ratio, which will be illustrated in 3.2 Section. In addition, pure water (stream 13) is also feed to the ethanol extraction column Ⅱ. Then, ETBE with purity greater than 98 wt% can be obtained as raffinate, and extract liquor (stream 15) with almost all unreacted ethanol recovered, is concentrated in ethanol concentration column, which is used to concentrate the dilute ethanol solution made from biomass.
    keywords: coupling; etbe; ethanol; fraction; gap; mass; process; separation
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        item: #6779 of 7527
          id: cet-5020
      author: sauro
       title: Microsoft Word - 476hernandez.docx
        date: 2015-04-25
       words: 2754
      flesch: 42
     summary: Including driver selection into utility system design with availability estimation is a complex integration problem. Considerable researches have been carried out on utility system design that excludes driver selection.
    keywords: availability; design; driver; electricity; power; selection; steam; system; turbines; utility
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        item: #6780 of 7527
          id: cet-5021
      author: sauro
       title: Microsoft Word - 476hernandez.docx
        date: 2015-04-25
       words: 3065
      flesch: 52
     summary: Higher alcohols production from syngas through chemical route has gained attention over the last decade because of characteristics such as: short-time reaction, abundant and lower price feedstocks, the use of lignin (a biomass component that is hardly used) and the almost complete conversion of the initial feedstock. In this scenario, we can cite higher alcohols as a possible alternative to fossil fuels, being some of them, as ethanol, already largely used.
    keywords: alcohols; catalyst; energy; process; production; reactor; stream; syngas
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        item: #6781 of 7527
          id: cet-5022
      author: sauro
       title: Microsoft Word - 476hernandez.docx
        date: 2015-04-25
       words: 3127
      flesch: 58
     summary: PID based control systems are those that are commonly employed in the industrial practice because, if they are properly tuned, they can ensure both good performances in servomechanism and regulation problems and the controlled system stability. Finally, a modern PID tuning method has been used to develop a reliable and efficient control system for PFR reactors.
    keywords: control; pfr; pid; reactor; system
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        item: #6782 of 7527
          id: cet-5023
      author: sauro
       title: Microsoft Word - 476hernandez.docx
        date: 2015-04-25
       words: 3529
      flesch: 52
     summary: − − + −     (5) ( )2 3 2 3 2 2 21 2 , 1 2 r H r r r V r r SiHCl The problem of rod temperature control in such a reactor is broached in this work.
    keywords: control; rods; sihcl; temperature
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        item: #6783 of 7527
          id: cet-5024
      author: sauro
       title: Microsoft Word - 476hernandez.docx
        date: 2015-04-25
       words: 3826
      flesch: 47
     summary: It is undeniable that all the aforementioned applications, which rely on PFR models, require elevated accuracy and reliability of the model predictions. Then, also a conventional version of PFR model is built and some simplifications are identified as to neglect the pressure dependence in the energy conservation equation.
    keywords: chemical; energy; enthalpy; model; pfr; pressure; reactor
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        item: #6784 of 7527
          id: cet-5025
      author: sauro
       title: Microsoft Word - 476hernandez.docx
        date: 2015-04-25
       words: 2845
      flesch: 53
     summary: 2.3 Chemical equilibrium reactions only For chemical equilibrium reactions only, a reactive Rayleigh distillation model may be written as: ∀ ∈ 1,…, ; ∙∙ = ∑ , ( , , ) According to (23) an arbitrary number of kinetically controlled chemical reactions and/or chemical equilibrium reactions can be modelled within a single framework.
    keywords: = −; chemical
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        item: #6785 of 7527
          id: cet-5026
      author: sauro
       title: Microsoft Word - 476hernandez.docx
        date: 2015-04-25
       words: 2992
      flesch: 47
     summary: Quality control is usually performed on the end-product at the completion of the process with off-line conventional analytical techniques (e.g. chromatography) that introduce time delay and consequently reduce the effectiveness of quality control. Moreover, small variations of the other components in the blend were introduced in order to mimic typical fluctuations unavoidably present in the standard mass DOI: 10.3303/CET1543259 Please cite this article as: Taris A., Grosso M., Zonfrilli F., Guida V., 2015, Quality control of industrial detergents through infra-red spectroscopy measurements coupled with partial least square regression, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 43, 1549-1554 DOI: 10.3303/CET1543259 1549 production.
    keywords: concentration; control; model; pls; process; quality; samples; surfactant
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        item: #6786 of 7527
          id: cet-5027
      author: sauro
       title: Microsoft Word - 476hernandez.docx
        date: 2015-04-25
       words: 3264
      flesch: 52
     summary: We developed a method which improves the effectiveness of data based MFI soft sensor. The aim of this article to show how data based models can improve the effectiveness of hybrid models to estimate MFI of polypropylene.
    keywords: data; flow; melt; mfi; model; pca; process; sensor
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        item: #6787 of 7527
          id: cet-5028
      author: sauro
       title: Microsoft Word - 476hernandez.docx
        date: 2015-04-25
       words: 2596
      flesch: 53
     summary: 1564 Figure 3: Surface responses for statistical prediction models as function of Tp and Ng. Table 5: Calculated %AAD: prediction model and genetic algorithm results. Finally, a variable analysis procedure was developed in order to determine the influence of the genetic algorithm parameters (population size and number of generations) in the obtained response and improve the average absolute deviation percent (%AAD).
    keywords: astm; distillation; petroleum
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        item: #6788 of 7527
          id: cet-5029
      author: sauro
       title: Microsoft Word - 476hernandez.docx
        date: 2015-04-25
       words: 2236
      flesch: 60
     summary: This agreement is possible because in the region where the greater flow of radiant heat transfer occurs for the particle (near the entrance of the reactor) the quasi-linearization of the radiant contribution is an adequate approximation if the temperature of the particle surface does not vary significantly; that probably is due to the high heat capacity of the solid, associated with the convective heat transfer between the fluid and the particle. Also in the present work it was possible to confirm several results from the literature obtained with the analytical solution of the equivalent linearized heat transfer model for moving beds: In Bertoli (1989, 2000) it was pointed that radiant heat transfer between the particle and the wall plays an important role and cannot be neglected in comparison with the fluid–particle convective heat transfer; in Bertoli et al.
    keywords: heat; transfer; ∂ ∂
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        item: #6789 of 7527
          id: cet-503
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-503
        date: 2018-07-19
       words: 2694
      flesch: 55
     summary: Supply chain cost for WCO is of a big share of the total investment cost. Problem statement The cost of biodiesel fuels varies depending on plant production cost, which is discussed in details and supply chain cost with all its costing items, including stock availability, raw material fixed and variable costs, traveling distance, geographic area, distribution centre handling cost, inbound as well as outbound transportation cost.
    keywords: biodiesel; chain; cost; figure; model; oil; petroleum; plant; supply; wco
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        item: #6790 of 7527
          id: cet-5030
      author: sauro
       title: Microsoft Word - 476hernandez.docx
        date: 2015-04-25
       words: 3002
      flesch: 54
     summary: Qg = 2.86x10-5m3 s-1 (22) ( ) ( ) 127.2s Q791.40Ka  = R2 = 0.9978; 4.95x10-6≤ Qℓ≤ 1.25x10-6m3 s-1; QG = 2.86x10-5 m3s-1 (23) (a) 0 4 8 12 16 20 24 0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 2 rdhLtQ4 π=τ  ϑ G lu c. (ξ ,τ )/ ϑ G lu c. ,0 Experimental results of Sodium Gluconate Results of the Model (b) 0 4 8 12 16 20 24 0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 2 rdhLtQ4 π=τ  ϑ G lu c. (ξ ,τ )/ ϑ G lu c. ,0 Experimental results of Sodium Gluconate Results of the Model Figure 2: Comparison between experimental databases (NaC6H11O7) obtained at the exit of the trickle-bed reactor of fixed bed to two different flows. These results led to the proposal of two empirical correlations to quantify the influence of liquid phase flow rate changes on the axial dispersion and liquid-solid mass transfer in the low interaction regime.
    keywords: bed; liquid; phase; silva
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        item: #6791 of 7527
          id: cet-5031
      author: sauro
       title: Microsoft Word - 476hernandez.docx
        date: 2015-04-25
       words: 2883
      flesch: 56
     summary: The effect of the viscosity and solid load under mean liquid velocity was measured using a non-intrusive technique Stereo Particle Image Velocimetry (Stereo-PIV) with Rhodamine B as a tracer particle. Figure 2: Vector field for liquid velocity Vy for: (a) air - water system, (b) air – water – FCC particles (10 g) system and (c) air –water- FCC particles (15 g) system at 732 mm of the injection section In the Figure 2, it can be seen that the three systems demonstrate a developed flow.
    keywords: air; bubble; column; figure; liquid; particles; system; velocity
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        item: #6792 of 7527
          id: cet-5032
      author: sauro
       title: Microsoft Word - 476hernandez.docx
        date: 2015-04-25
       words: 4022
      flesch: 63
     summary: For RT the assessed Np values are Np = 4.9 for the configuration D = T/3, C = T/3; Np = 4.8 for D = T/2, C = T/3;
    keywords: = t/3; pbt; unbaffled
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        item: #6793 of 7527
          id: cet-5033
      author: sauro
       title: Microsoft Word - 476hernandez.docx
        date: 2015-04-25
       words: 2866
      flesch: 57
     summary: In comparison, conventional use of the MTPM results in 36 pair of De values for estimating rm without the use of predicted De values. This issue is investigated in the present report along with an effective method for estimating rm from a minimum number of De values.
    keywords: diffusion; gas; pore; values
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        item: #6794 of 7527
          id: cet-5034
      author: sauro
       title: Microsoft Word - 476hernandez.docx
        date: 2015-04-25
       words: 2419
      flesch: 50
     summary: A hybrid mesh with 800 thousand control elements was built and applied in this work; meshes between 700 to 900 thousand control elements are independent and recommended for a good representation of industrial risers as showed in previous works by Alvarez-Castro et al., (2012). [m] 1601 Alvarez-Castro, H. C., Matos, E. M., Mori, M., Martignoni, W., Ocone, R., 2015, the influence of the fluidization velocities on products yield and catalyst residence time in industrial risers, Advanced Powder Technology, (accepted for publication, in press).
    keywords: cracking; feedstock; industrial; injection; process; riser
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        item: #6795 of 7527
          id: cet-5035
      author: sauro
       title: Microsoft Word - 476hernandez.docx
        date: 2015-04-25
       words: 3266
      flesch: 46
     summary: Over years in operation, flow cyclones have been continuously scrutinized in order to gain understanding of the underlying fluid-flow mechanics and their effects in the separation efficiency of fluid/solid mixtures. The results obtained using the aforementioned experimental methods in cyclone flows generated an extensive database of measurements and test-conditions, useful for developing and validating CFD models.
    keywords: cyclone; figure; flow; models; multiphase; oil; phase; vortex
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        item: #6796 of 7527
          id: cet-5036
      author: sauro
       title: Microsoft Word - 476hernandez.docx
        date: 2015-04-25
       words: 3377
      flesch: 49
     summary: Beside, most of the literature investigations on continuous flow stirred tanks deal with the τ/tm ratio (or, in a similar way, the ratio between inlet flow rate and impeller-generated flow rate), suggesting its adoption as the main scale factor (Mavros et al. 2002; The Moimp/Mojet ratio is allegedly able to better grasp the underlying physics of the interaction between inlet jet and stirred vessel fluid flow.
    keywords: flow; fluid; impeller; inlet; mixing; ratio; time; vessel
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        item: #6797 of 7527
          id: cet-5038
      author: sauro
       title: Microsoft Word - 476hernandez.docx
        date: 2015-04-25
       words: 3792
      flesch: 50
     summary: This study focused on turbulent flows around cylindrical storage tanks, with a diameter in the range [10 m – 52 m]. Water vapor condensed in the cloud and produced a DOI: 10.3303/CET1543271 Please cite this article as: Lauret P., Heymes F., Aprin L., Johannet A., Slangen P., 2015, 2d modeling of turbulent flow around a cylindrical storage tank by artificial neural networks, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 43, 1621-1626 DOI: 10.3303/CET1543271 1621 visible mist that has been captured by security cameras.
    keywords: ann; coefficient; cylinder; dispersion; flow; model; networks; test; values
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        item: #6798 of 7527
          id: cet-5039
      author: sauro
       title: Microsoft Word - 476hernandez.docx
        date: 2015-04-25
       words: 2852
      flesch: 46
     summary: Alves J. J. N., Mori M., 1998, Fluid dynamic modelling and simulation of circulating fluidized bed reactors: analyses of particle phase stress models, Comput. Li P., Lan X. Y., Xu C. M., Wang G., Lu C. X., Gao J. S., 2009, Drag models for simulating gas-solid flow in the turbulent fluidization of FCC particles, Particuology, 7, 269-277.
    keywords: drag; emms; flow; gas; models; riser; solids; zone
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        item: #6799 of 7527
          id: cet-504
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-504
        date: 2018-07-19
       words: 3467
      flesch: 39
     summary: Results and discussion 3.1 Viscoelastic property, thermal stability, and network formation of BA-35x:BTDA copolymer films A series of a novel poly(benzoxazine-ester) copolymer films based on bisphenol A/3,5-dimethylaniline (BA-35x) and BTDA at BA-35x:BTDA mole ratios of 1:0, 1:0.25, 1:0.33, 1:0.50, 1:0.67, and 1:1 were prepared. 2.2 Preparation of BA-35x:BTDA copolymers and their composites Each resin component was first measured at the desirable mole ratios.
    keywords: ba-35x; btda; composite; copolymer; ester; films; nanoalumina; poly(benzoxazine
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        item: #6800 of 7527
          id: cet-5040
      author: sauro
       title: Microsoft Word - 476hernandez.docx
        date: 2015-04-25
       words: 3449
      flesch: 49
     summary: Higher solution flow rates causes a better mixture of the CO2 and the solution due the jet entrainment effect as well as more recirculation zones, which also implies higher supersaturation mean values and a vortex capture of precipitated particles according to Stokes number analyses has shown. Concerning an increase in inlet flow rate of solution, Cardoso et al. (2008) and collaborators, using a incompressible, isothermal regime, indicate that the flow rate of solution has little effect on the average size of the particles, but it plays a role in the size distribution: a narrowing of the size distribution and an increased homogeneity of the precipitated particles were observed.
    keywords: chamber; co2; doi; flow; model; particles; rate; solution; supersaturation; turbulence
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        item: #6801 of 7527
          id: cet-5041
      author: sauro
       title: Microsoft Word - 476hernandez.docx
        date: 2015-04-25
       words: 3029
      flesch: 58
     summary: Bubble columns are essentially liquid filled vessels in which gas bubbles through single or multipoint devices called spargers. The flow behaviour of bubble columns has been of interest for several decades and many researchers have investigated the columns experimentally in terms of gas holdup and liquid circulation (Freedman and Davidson (1969)), on the effect of sparger design and gas holdup (Thorat et al.
    keywords: bubble; figure; flow; force; gas; liquid; oscillation; plume
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        item: #6802 of 7527
          id: cet-5042
      author: sauro
       title: Microsoft Word - 476hernandez.docx
        date: 2015-04-25
       words: 3497
      flesch: 50
     summary: (2015) investigated the effect of micro-mixer aspect ratio on flow regimes. References Andreussi T., Galletti C., Mauri R., Camarri S., Salvetti M.V., 2015, Flow regimes in T-shaped micro-mixers, Comput Chem Eng., in press.
    keywords: case; flow; mixing; mixture; regime; type; viscosity
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        item: #6803 of 7527
          id: cet-5043
      author: sauro
       title: Microsoft Word - 476hernandez.docx
        date: 2015-04-25
       words: 2717
      flesch: 57
     summary: One example of three-phase system is bubble columns operating with solid phase as catalyst in the process. DOI: 10.3303/CET1543276 Please cite this article as: Klock Da Costa K., Sanchez-Forero D.I., Amaral R.L., Taranto O.P., Mori M., 2015, Effect of solid phase and geometry on liquid velocity of three-phase bubble columns, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 43, 1651-1656 DOI: 10.3303/CET1543276 1651 2.
    keywords: column; diameter; figure; gas; phase; velocity
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        item: #6804 of 7527
          id: cet-5044
      author: sauro
       title: Microsoft Word - 476hernandez.docx
        date: 2015-04-25
       words: 2542
      flesch: 55
     summary: Good agreement between riser residence time and product yields was observed, which allows for concluding that the method presented is employable to estimate important parameters in riser designs and selectivity of products process. The 12 lump model is considered in combination with the fluid dynamic model of the industrial riser of the FCC unit; the complete DOI: 10.3303/CET1543277 Please cite this article as: Alvarez-Castro H.C., Mori M., Martignoni W.P., Ocone R., 2015, Three dimensional model of computational fluid dynamic to predict products yield and residence time in riser of fcc, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 43, 1657-1662 DOI: 10.3303/CET1543277 1657 model (including hydrodynamics and catalytic reactions) is thus solved.
    keywords: catalyst; fcc; model; residence; riser; time
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        item: #6805 of 7527
          id: cet-5045
      author: sauro
       title: Microsoft Word - 476hernandez.docx
        date: 2015-04-25
       words: 2983
      flesch: 52
     summary: For mixing study, oil was used as constraint and for reaction study inert oil was included as a constraint in simulation to ensure the mass fraction restriction ( ) Many microdevices have been tested in order to enhance the interaction between vegetable oil and alcohol to raising the conversion into biodiesel.
    keywords: biodiesel; conversion; micromixer; mixing; oil; reaction; reynolds; spiral
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        item: #6806 of 7527
          id: cet-5046
      author: sauro
       title: Microsoft Word - 476hernandez.docx
        date: 2015-04-25
       words: 3033
      flesch: 53
     summary: 1672 3.3 Hot air flow characteristic inside stationary tray dryer by using CFD method From the simulation of hot air flow characteristic inside the dryer in case of two-way inlets hot air flow at ratio 30:30:40 (upper : middle : lower) with stationary tray dryer and case of hot air entering the dryer at the bottom entrance only, result demonstrate the distribution of heat as shown in figure 6. (a) Stationary tray dryer (b) Rotating tray dryer Figure 3: Moisture content vs time for inlet hot air flow ratio 0: 0: 100 (upper : middle : lower) (a) Inlet hot air flow ratio 20: 20: 60 (upper: middle: lower) (b) Inlet hot air flow ratio 30: 30: 40 (upper: middle: lower) Figure 4: Moisture content vs time for vary inlet hot air flow ratio with rotating tray dryer Figure 5: Moisture content vs time for two-way inlets hot air flow at ratio 30:30:40 (upper : middle : lower) with stationary tray dryer 1673 Temp. 2.4 Study of hot air flow characteristic inside stationary tray dryer by using CFD method In this section, the preliminary CFD simulation was conducted to support the experimental data, meaning that the model without drying materials was simulated.
    keywords: air; dryer; drying; flow; inlet; tray; way
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        item: #6807 of 7527
          id: cet-5047
      author: sauro
       title: Microsoft Word - 476hernandez.docx
        date: 2015-04-25
       words: 2981
      flesch: 47
     summary: Souza F. J., Silva A. L., Utzig J., 2014, Four-way coupled simulations of the gas–particle flow in a diffuser, Powder Technology, 253, 496-508. Zheng Y., Rinoshika A., Yan F., 2012, Multi-scale analysis on particle fluctuation velocity near the minimum pressure drop in a horizontal pneumatic conveying, Chemical Engineering Science, 72, 94-107.
    keywords: analysis; flow; fluctuations; gas; particle; phase; pressure; scales; turbulence; wavelet
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        item: #6808 of 7527
          id: cet-5048
      author: sauro
       title: Microsoft Word - 476hernandez.docx
        date: 2015-04-25
       words: 3667
      flesch: 47
     summary: At last, optical methods can be used for measuring the gel structure anisotropy through visualization of distribution of solute diffusion transfer, and this can offer physical explanation of this phenomenon. DOI: 10.3303/CET1543281 Please cite this article as: Pokusaev B., Karlov S., Vyazmin A., Nekrasov D., 2015, Diffusion phenomena in gels, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 43, 1681-1686 DOI: 10.3303/CET1543281 1681 There are many publications relating to the study of the diffusion in gels, either by experimental measurements of diffusion coefficients for gels of different chemical compositions (see, for example, research of Muhr and Blanshard, 1982), or by different degrees of validity for the relation the calculation of the diffusion coefficients (critical analysis of some of them is given, for example, in Amsden, 1998).
    keywords: coefficient; diffusion; gel; gels; mass; processes; structure; study; time; transfer
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        item: #6809 of 7527
          id: cet-5049
      author: sauro
       title: Microsoft Word - 476hernandez.docx
        date: 2015-04-25
       words: 2562
      flesch: 54
     summary: To keep the fluid in the reactor at the desired temperature, heat must be added or removed by a jacket on the tank wall and/or through coils (axial or helical) immersed in the fluid with aims of promoting heat transfer. 3. Results and discussion Figure 3 (a) shows a comparison between the coefficient of heat transfer (Nusselt number) generated by the simulation results (Equation 4) and the heat transfer coefficient obtained in the experimental work by Oldshue Gretton (1954).
    keywords: coils; figure; flow; fluid; heat; impeller; tank; transfer
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        item: #6810 of 7527
          id: cet-505
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-505
        date: 2018-07-19
       words: 3478
      flesch: 48
     summary: A detailed study regarding drivers and barriers for the dissemination of biogas digesters in Ethiopia was given by Kamp and Bermúdez Forn (2016). The problems and DOI: 10.3303/CET1870075 Please cite this article as: Azouma Y.O., Jegla Z., Reppich M., Turek V., Weiss M., 2018, Using agricultural waste for biogas production as a sustainable energy supply for developing countries , Chemical Engineering Transactions, 70, 445-450 DOI:10.3303/CET1870075 445 causes of the failures of African biogas production facilities are described in detail by Amigun et al. (2008) and are as follows: • Poor design and construction of digesters, incorrect operation, lack of maintenance.
    keywords: biogas; digester; energy; engineering; methane; pineapple; production; series; substrate; waste
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        item: #6811 of 7527
          id: cet-5050
      author: sauro
       title: Microsoft Word - 476hernandez.docx
        date: 2015-04-25
       words: 2148
      flesch: 52
     summary: Figure 3: Catalyst volume fraction in cross-sectional planes In order to establish the better nozzles arrangement, the histogram of the mean catalyst volume fraction in the planes at 6 m and 9 m height, is presented, as show in Figures 4 and 5, respectively: the dashed line represents the average of the catalyst distribution in the cross-sectional area at the same height in each case and the y axis indicates the amount of catalyst in the radial direction. Figure 4: Radial distribution of catalyst volume fraction at 6 m Figure 5: Radial distribution of catalyst volume fraction at 9 m 5.
    keywords: catalyst; cracking; distribution; gas; nozzles; riser
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        item: #6812 of 7527
          id: cet-5051
      author: sauro
       title: Microsoft Word - 476hernandez.docx
        date: 2015-04-25
       words: 3425
      flesch: 54
     summary: In this paper, the melt- spinning process of such polyethylene precursors and their conversion to carbon fibres in a chemical stabilization (sulfonation) and carbonization process are presented. The decision on HDPE was made, because carbon fibres based on HDPE have shown to achieve the highest level of tensile strength among carbon fibres based on polyolefin precursors.
    keywords: carbon; carbonization; fibres; polyethylene; production; sulfonation; temperature
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        item: #6813 of 7527
          id: cet-5052
      author: sauro
       title: Microsoft Word - 476hernandez.docx
        date: 2015-04-25
       words: 3446
      flesch: 45
     summary: DOI: 10.3303/CET1543285 Please cite this article as: Puccini M., Seggiani M., Vitolo S., 2015, Polyethylene and hydrolyzed collagen blend films produced by blown extrusion, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 43, 1705-1710 DOI: 10.3303/CET1543285 1705 As the shape of the bubble depends on the combined influence of process parameters, blends films were prepared by varying temperature and screw rpm.
    keywords: blends; collagen; films; polyethylene
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        item: #6814 of 7527
          id: cet-5053
      author: sauro
       title: Microsoft Word - 476hernandez.docx
        date: 2015-04-25
       words: 3682
      flesch: 55
     summary: →  (13) β -scission of end-chain methyl groups are responsible for the formation of methane ( )4CH while aldehydes are formed by the β -scission of alkoxy radicals (Wheale, Barker, and Badyal, 1998): 2 3 2 2 3[ CH -CH - CH [ CH = CH + CH→  (14) 3 4CH H CH+ Partial discharge principles The degradation phenomena in polymeric dielectrics is related to the occurrence of partial discharges (PD), these can be corona, surface or internal discharges (Kao, 2004); however, great attention has been made to surface and internal partial discharges as these are the most common due to the presence of microcavities in the matrix of the polymer or in the interface between the polymer and another material; such microcavities are formed while manufacturing, handling or utilization of the dielectric and even though several efforts have been made to reduce their quantity and size, their density is still around 10 to 10 and their size range around 1 to 5 (Mayoux et al., 2013).
    keywords: ch =; ch ch; degradation; o ch
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        item: #6815 of 7527
          id: cet-5054
      author: sauro
       title: Microsoft Word - 476hernandez.docx
        date: 2015-04-25
       words: 2900
      flesch: 59
     summary: In these equations, c2 is the concentration of polymer solution, KH is the Huggins coefficient, and KK is the Kramer coefficient; relative viscosity (ηr) is the ratio between the flow time of the polymer solution through the viscosimeter, and the flow time of the pure solvent through the apparatus; finally, specific viscosity (ηsp) is defined as relative viscosity minus one, and represents the viscosity increasing due to the polymer. Flory P.J., 1941, Thermodynamic of high polymer solutions, J. Chem.
    keywords: flory; huggins; polymer; pvac; solvent
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        item: #6816 of 7527
          id: cet-5055
      author: sauro
       title: Microsoft Word - 476hernandez.docx
        date: 2015-04-25
       words: 3346
      flesch: 52
     summary: 1726 Table 6: Results of leaching tests Test pH COD (mgO2/L) Pb(mg/L) Zn(mg/L) Cd(mg/L) Cu(mg/L) SA1 10.6 471 0.05 0.08 0.03 0.23 SA2 10.8 448 0.05 0.08 0.03 0.23 SA3 10.9 187 0.05 0.08 0.03 0.22 SB1 10.9 214 0.04 0.07 0.02 0.04 SB2 11.0 164 0.03 0.08 0.02 0.04 SB3 11.2 134 0.05 0.08 0.02 0.05 2003/33/CE inert 50 0.05 0.4 0.004 0.2 2003/33/CE not hazardous 80 1 5 0.1 5 3.2 Concrete Mixes Characterization Mechanical and chemical properties of each concrete sample were investigated by leaching test, ionic chromatography, compressive strength test and freeze-thaw test. Mechanical test results showed that these particular aggregates are suitable to be used in lightweight concrete.
    keywords: concrete; fluff; granules; results; strength; table; test; weight
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        item: #6817 of 7527
          id: cet-5056
      author: sauro
       title: Microsoft Word - 476hernandez.docx
        date: 2015-04-25
       words: 3880
      flesch: 50
     summary: The same technology can be also used to make reaction synthesis and densification in one single processing step, by the so-called Reactive SPS (RSPS), starting from appropriate reactants (Nikzad et al., 2013). Then, the Ī value was maintained for a certain duration tD. The temperature profile follows the applied current, so that higher heating rates can be obtained by decreasing the tH parameter.
    keywords: min; synthesis; temperature; zrb2
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        item: #6818 of 7527
          id: cet-5057
      author: sauro
       title: Microsoft Word - 476hernandez.docx
        date: 2015-04-25
       words: 2937
      flesch: 46
     summary: The objective was to develop calcium phosphate composites and silica that meet physical and chemical characteristics for potential applications in bone treatments as synthetic filler and assess their degradation in simulated physiological fluid. Hydroxyapatite (HAp), obtained from natural sources or synthetic sources, is considered a bioactive substance that forms strong chemical DOI: 10.3303/CET1543290 Please cite this article as: Montanez Supelano N.D., Pena Ballesteros D.Y., 2015, Calcium phosphate composites and silica obtained from the rice hull for biomedical use.
    keywords: calcium; characterization; chemical; composite; degradation; husk; phosphate; rice; silica
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        item: #6819 of 7527
          id: cet-5058
      author: sauro
       title: Microsoft Word - 476hernandez.docx
        date: 2015-04-25
       words: 3040
      flesch: 54
     summary: Chen et al. (2011) obtained pure hercynite by sintering alumina and mill scale (i.e. a mixture of FeO and Fe2O3), in the presence of carbon black under nitrogen atmosphere at 1550-1650 °C, while at lower temperatures (1450 °C) a mixture of alumina, magnetite and hematite was obtained. The aim of this paper is to show that pure hercynite can be obtained in much milder conditions (in the temperature range 490-600 °C) by DOI: 10.3303/CET1543291 Please cite this article as: Daghetta M., Dapiaggi M., Pellegrino L., Pastore B., Pagliari L., Mazzocchia C., 2015, Synthesis of hercynite at very mild condition, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 43, 1741-1746 DOI: 10.3303/CET1543291 1741 means of a sol-gel approach: various conditions of reaction atmosphere and various iron precursors were tried, in order to optimize the synthesis process.
    keywords: figure; hercynite; iron; nitrogen; sample
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        item: #6820 of 7527
          id: cet-5059
      author: sauro
       title: Microsoft Word - 476hernandez.docx
        date: 2015-04-25
       words: 2583
      flesch: 51
     summary: 4. Conclusions In this work, a new formulation was developed for low surface area cerium oxide dispersion and deposition. Accordingly, in this work the development of an acid-free stable oxide dispersions has been studied to disperse low surface area oxides.
    keywords: coating; deposition; dipping; process; properties; slurry; surface; washcoat
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        item: #6821 of 7527
          id: cet-506
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-506
        date: 2018-07-19
       words: 2831
      flesch: 32
     summary: Development of environmental AIM on the basis of sodium formate The developed CQM systems AIM and Environmental impact of AIM are interrelated and complementary. Fine Chemicals, Krasnobogatyrskaya st. 42, 107564 Moscow, Russian Federation priorov@irea.org.ru Two automated systems have been developed for the ecological monitoring of road anti-icing materials: a computer-aided quality management system for anti-icing materials, in which the environmental indicators have a big section; system of ecological monitoring of the influence of anti-icing materials on the most important components of the environment (snow cover, water objects and groundwater, soil cover, green plantations, atmospheric air).
    keywords: aim; cals; chemical; cqm; figure; materials; method; quality; system
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        item: #6822 of 7527
          id: cet-5060
      author: sauro
       title: Microsoft Word - 476hernandez.docx
        date: 2015-04-25
       words: 2980
      flesch: 53
     summary: The feasibility of LSFCu as cathode material for IT-SOFCs has been demonstrated on the basis of structural (Natali Sora et al., 2012), thermal and electrochemical studies (Vogt et al., 2009). In particular, the most used cathode material for SOFC is a perovskite oxide La1- xSrxMnO3 (LSM), which is a mixed ionic-electronic conductor successfully applied as cathode material in YSZ- based high-temperature HT-SOFCs; however it shows higher overpotential at intermediate operating temperatures (IT) when coupled with doped lanthanum gallate (LSGM) electrolyte (Dotelli et al., 2006).
    keywords: orthorhombic; perovskite; phase; solid
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        item: #6823 of 7527
          id: cet-5061
      author: sauro
       title: Microsoft Word - 476hernandez.docx
        date: 2015-04-25
       words: 2775
      flesch: 44
     summary: Comparison between estimates of model parameters of the first and the second reactors shows that the pre- exponential factor of the model for the first reactor is greater than for the second reactor. The analysis of the technology of polystyrene production revealed that polymerization process was sensitive to the technological conditions such as: different admixtures in the raw styrene, the decrease of the reactor work volume due to sticking the polymer to the walls of apparatus, and others factors (Penidis et al., 1992).
    keywords: mathematical; model; parameters; polymerization; process; reactor; time
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        item: #6824 of 7527
          id: cet-5062
      author: sauro
       title: Microsoft Word - 476hernandez.docx
        date: 2015-04-25
       words: 2793
      flesch: 50
     summary: This provides the possibility to incorporate fire resistance of gypsum and beneficial properties of porous materials in foam gypsum.. DOI: 10.3303/CET1543295 Please cite this article as: Pulkis K., Iljins U., Skujans J., Gross U., 2015, Research on fire safety parameters on foam gypsum products, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 43, 1765-1770 DOI: 10.3303/CET1543295 1765 The goal of this study is to experimentally examine the fire resistance of foam gypsum boards in high temperature and to create a comparatively simple theoretical board heating model based on experimental studies for the prediction of foam gypsum board fire resistance. It should be noted that temperature in the cold surface of foam gypsum sample with density of 288 kg/m3 at layer depth of d = 60 mm, after 100 min in the opposite side of the fire does not exceed 32 °C.
    keywords: figure; fire; foam; gypsum; sample; temperature
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        item: #6825 of 7527
          id: cet-5063
      author: sauro
       title: Microsoft Word - 476hernandez.docx
        date: 2015-04-25
       words: 3705
      flesch: 48
     summary: On the other hand, the lack of transparency in the SPSed sample obtained using HAp_a powders could be likely associated to the significant compositional changes taking place during SPS (Figure 3(a)). I (a .u .) 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60                         HAp(e) Diffraction angle, 2Θ (degree) I (a .u .) Figure 3: XRD and SEM images of optimal dense HAp products: (a)-(b) HAp_a, (c)-(d) HAp_b and (e)-(f) HAp_c.
    keywords: conditions; hap_a; powders; products; properties; sintering; sps; temperature
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        item: #6826 of 7527
          id: cet-5064
      author: sauro
       title: Microsoft Word - 476hernandez.docx
        date: 2015-04-25
       words: 2647
      flesch: 50
     summary: raupppereira@yahoo.com.br In this work, glass compositions from glass bottles with different colours and graphite (2 - 12 vol%) as the pore-forming agent were prepared for the production of materials with controlled porosity for applications where thermal and acoustic insulations are main technical requirements. Chemical compositions of transparent glass bottles (VGT), green glass bottles (VGV) and brown glass bottles (VGM) were obtained by X-ray Fluorescence (Philips, model PW 2400) as shown in Table 1.
    keywords: figure; glass; graphite; materials; porosity; temperature
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        item: #6827 of 7527
          id: cet-5065
      author: sauro
       title: Microsoft Word - 476hernandez.docx
        date: 2015-04-25
       words: 2833
      flesch: 52
     summary: It is estimated that for each 100,000 m2 of ceramic tiles produced, 10 t of ceramic sludge are generated. This can be achieved by replacing one or more raw materials of the original composition by ceramic sludge respecting the technological characteristics of the process and the product properties (Casagrande et al., 2008).
    keywords: ceramic; glass; graphite; materials; sludge; sts; temperature; vol%
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        item: #6828 of 7527
          id: cet-5066
      author: sauro
       title: Microsoft Word - 476hernandez.docx
        date: 2015-04-25
       words: 2881
      flesch: 47
     summary: 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 20 40 60 80 100 D SC (m W ) Temperature (°C) T G (% ) -100 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 (a) (b) 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 50 60 70 80 90 100 D SC (m W ) The addition of foaming agent and polymerization in situ of monomers added previously to the ceramic suspension allowed the production of highly porous structures (˃ 90 %), which were used as catalytic supports in the decomposition of ethanol using Ni and Co as active phases.
    keywords: catalytic; ethanol; figure; min
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        item: #6829 of 7527
          id: cet-5067
      author: sauro
       title: Microsoft Word - 476hernandez.docx
        date: 2015-04-25
       words: 2558
      flesch: 56
     summary: A publication of The Italian Association of Chemical Engineering Online at www.aidic.it/cet Chief Editors: Sauro Pierucci, Jiří J. Klemeš Copyright © 2015, AIDIC Servizi S.r.l., ISBN 978-88-95608-34-1; ISSN 2283-9216 Characterisation of Sand Casting and Oyster Shells as Potential Sources of Raw Material for the Production of Soda- Lime Glasses Bianca G. de Oliveira Maiaa, Sabrina Arcaroa, Marcelo T. Souzaa, Antonio P. Novaes de Oliveira*a, T.M. Novais de Oliveirab, João B. Rodrigues Netoa aGraduate Program in Materials Science and Engineering – PGMAT, Laboratory of Glass-Ceramic Materials – VITROCER, Federal University of Santa Catarina - UFSC, 88040- 900 Florianópolis - SC, Brazil bUniversity of Joinville Region – UNIVILLE, 89219-710 Joinville - SC, Brazil antonio.pedro@ufsc.br In this work, foundry sands (silica source) from metal casting and oyster shells (source of calcium carbonate) wastes were collected and characterized for use as raw materials for the production of soda-lime glasses. (2010), classification of foundry sands depends up on the type of binder systems used in metal casting: clay-bondedsand (green sand) and chemically bonded sand.
    keywords: foundry; glasses; oyster; samples; sand; shells; waste
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        item: #6830 of 7527
          id: cet-5068
      author: sauro
       title: Microsoft Word - 476hernandez.docx
        date: 2015-04-25
       words: 2588
      flesch: 49
     summary: 2.2.3 Preparation of suspensions and ceramic foams The ceramic suspension containing acetone (75 wt%), calcined powder (25 wt%) and a mixture of glycerine (80 % blonde glycerine and 20 % crude glycerine) in the fraction of 100 % with respect to solids was prepared in an alumina ball mill, for 60 min. Subsequently, the suspension was heated at 40 °C, for 30 min, until it became rigid. (2014) to produced ceramic foams with different porosities, using the thermal foaming of aqueous suspensions of alumina powders.
    keywords: ceramic; foams; glycerine; min; powder; wt%
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        item: #6831 of 7527
          id: cet-5069
      author: sauro
       title: Microsoft Word - 476hernandez.docx
        date: 2015-04-25
       words: 3196
      flesch: 51
     summary: The crystallite size decreases as the Sr/Cu doping increases (Natali Sora et al., 2013a). Moreover, Mössbauer measurements performed by Natali Sora et al. (2013b) on LSFC10 powders indicated the presence of two sextets with isomer shifts corresponding to Fe3+, the presence of one sextet with isomer shift corresponding to Fe5+ and hyperfine parameters typical of Fe3+ and Fe5+ ions with octahedral coordination, while no structure related to Fe4+ is observed.
    keywords: powders; sora; surface
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        item: #6832 of 7527
          id: cet-507
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-507
        date: 2018-07-19
       words: 3297
      flesch: 47
     summary: This work evaluates the hybrid system design in terms of energy and compares the performance (i.e. the accuracy and computational efficiency) of stochastic optimisation method (Simulated Annealing) and deterministic method (Pattern search method) for optimisation of process operating conditions. In conclusion, the literature reviews show that few researchers have applied stochastic optimisation methods to explore the optimisation of design and operation of hybrid systems.
    keywords: annealing; design; distillation; hybrid; membrane; optimisation; pattern; pressure; search; separation
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        item: #6833 of 7527
          id: cet-5070
      author: sauro
       title: Microsoft Word - 476hernandez.docx
        date: 2015-04-25
       words: 3630
      flesch: 53
     summary: PHB 0.00 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.10 0.12 0.14 0.16 0.18 0.20 0.22 0.24 ta n δ 1816 Table 1: Mechanical properties of PHB based composites with wood fibres Sample Yield stress (MPa) 4.0 PEG 1500 PHB PEG 1500 PHB H e a t F lo w ( W /g )
    keywords: biodegradation; blends; composites; fibres; peg; phb; soil; test; wood
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        item: #6834 of 7527
          id: cet-5071
      author: sauro
       title: Microsoft Word - 476hernandez.docx
        date: 2015-04-25
       words: 2436
      flesch: 50
     summary: Vapour phase H2O2 decomposition on Mn based monolithic catalysts synthesised by innovative procedures, Applied Catalysis B: Environmental, 140-141, 516–522. 1822 CYL-30-P3 CYL-60-P3 CYL-30-P5 CYL-60-P5 0 20 40 60 80 100 223 mL min-1 280 mL min-1 Sample C o n v e rs io n , % Figure 3: Results of H2O2 decomposition tests on cylindrical monoliths at two flow rate (223 and 280 mL min-1) Sample C o n v e rs io n , % HCB-30-P3 HCB-60-P3 HCB-30-P5 HCB-60-P5 0 20 40 60 80 100 223 mL min-1 280 mL min-1 Figure 4: Results of H2O2 decomposition tests on honeycombs monoliths at two flow rate (223 and 280 mL min-1)
    keywords: catalysts; decomposition; h2o2; mnox; phase
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        item: #6835 of 7527
          id: cet-5072
      author: sauro
       title: Microsoft Word - 476hernandez.docx
        date: 2015-04-25
       words: 3907
      flesch: 56
     summary: Pet'kov and Orlova (2003) proposed a system of empirical heat expansion rules for the lattice of NZP phosphates, which is suitable for extending the data to compounds that have not yet been studied and for targeted change in the thermal expansion characteristics. Many representatives of the phosphates belong to NZP structure with trigonal symmetry.
    keywords: nzp; phosphates; solid; structure
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        item: #6836 of 7527
          id: cet-5073
      author: sauro
       title: Microsoft Word - 476hernandez.docx
        date: 2015-04-25
       words: 3394
      flesch: 56
     summary: The reaction yields proved to be highly dependent on the reaction conditions; low temperature, high pressure and H2/CO molar ratio of 2.0/1.0 are achieved as the best conditions to promote HC production in FTS process. In this paper, optimization techniques were applied in Gibbs energy minimization method to perform the thermodynamic characterization of FTS reaction for HC production.
    keywords: fts; number; production; reaction
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        item: #6837 of 7527
          id: cet-5074
      author: sauro
       title: Microsoft Word - 476hernandez.docx
        date: 2015-04-25
       words: 2544
      flesch: 54
     summary: Modelling of phase equilibria When considering dissolution of CO2 in aqueous MEA solution, chemical reactions (1) to (5) may take place in the liquid phase: ↔ + (1) + ↔ + (2) ↔ + (3) + ↔ + (4) ↔ + (5) DOI: 10.3303/CET1543307 Please cite this article as: Djaballah M.L., Kabouche A., 2015, Vapor-liquid equilibrium prediction of carbon dioxide in an aqueous alkanolamine solution using deterministic and stochastic algorithms, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 43, 1837-1842 DOI: 10.3303/CET1543307 1837 Usually the Henry’s law and the equilibrium reaction constants are considered as a function of temperature. Data regression In this work, the solubility data of CO2 in aqueous alkanolamine solutions of various concentrations, in a wide range of CO2 partial pressure and temperatures and below a CO2 loading of 1.0 mol CO2 /mol amine, have been used to estimate the interaction parameters by regression analysis.
    keywords: co2; equilibrium; mea; model
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        item: #6838 of 7527
          id: cet-5075
      author: sauro
       title: Microsoft Word - 476hernandez.docx
        date: 2015-04-25
       words: 3606
      flesch: 55
     summary: Figure 4 compares the rdfs between the phosphorous atoms of TBP ions in pure TBPBr, in DES, and in the presence of DBT, and TP. In order to explain this further, we also simulate pure TBPBr (refer to figure 4), where the first coordination number of TBP ion around another TBP ion was observed to be 4.4, whereas in the DES we found the number to be 3.4, indicating a decrease in the intermolecular interactions between TBP ions in the DES.
    keywords: chloride; compounds; dbt; des; formation; interactions; simulations; tbp
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        item: #6839 of 7527
          id: cet-5076
      author: sauro
       title: Microsoft Word - 476hernandez.docx
        date: 2015-04-25
       words: 3837
      flesch: 54
     summary: We also show the first numerical determination of critical Bond numbers as a function of static contact angle by phase-field simulation. In addition, results of 3D simulations are compared to critical Bond numbers from a static stability analysis based on a numerical integration of the Young-Laplace equation.
    keywords: bond; contact; detachment; number; phase; surface; wall
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        item: #6840 of 7527
          id: cet-5077
      author: sauro
       title: Microsoft Word - 476hernandez.docx
        date: 2015-04-25
       words: 3175
      flesch: 52
     summary: Representative binary and ternary experimental data of phase equilibrium for systems containing components present in biodiesel production were selected to validate the methodology. Teh Y.S., Rangaiah G.P., 2002, A study of equation-solving and gibbs free energy minimization methods for phase equilibrium calculations, Trans IChemE 80, 745-759. Tivzar R., Mclean D.D., Kates M., Dube M.A., 2008, Liquid−Liquid Equilibria of the Methyl Oleate−Glycerol−Hexane−Methanol System, Ind. Eng.
    keywords: biodiesel; chemical; data; equilibrium; liquid; molar; phase; systems
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        item: #6841 of 7527
          id: cet-5078
      author: sauro
       title: Microsoft Word - 476hernandez.docx
        date: 2015-04-25
       words: 3113
      flesch: 55
     summary: DOI: 10.3303/CET1543311 Please cite this article as: Rocha S., Silva L., Boros L., Krahenbuhl M.A., Guirardello R., 2015, Development of thermodynamic models and parameters determination of solid liquid equilibrium for binary and ternary fatty acids and esters, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 43, 1861-1866 DOI: 10.3303/CET1543311 1861 The solid phase was characterized using a modified Slaughter and Doherty model and liquid phase with Margules 2 – suffixes.
    keywords: equilibrium; mixtures; phase; δhf
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        item: #6842 of 7527
          id: cet-5079
      author: sauro
       title: Microsoft Word - 476hernandez.docx
        date: 2015-04-25
       words: 2710
      flesch: 50
     summary: Generally the models using molecular interaction parameters lead to more accurate results compared to models using group interaction parameters like the GC-NRTL or UNIFAC. Table 1: Binary group interaction parameters for GC-NRTL model CH3 CH2 CH C ACH AC ACCH3 ACCH2 (CH2)cycl CH=CH CH3 0.00 217.95 757.72
    keywords: activity; contribution; experimental; group; nrtl; parameters
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        item: #6843 of 7527
          id: cet-508
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-508
        date: 2018-07-19
       words: 3313
      flesch: 51
     summary: After the bacteria and algae cells were harvested and re-suspended in 50 mL Erlenmeyer flasks containing different concentrations of Cr(VI) and 3N-BBM+V media (pH of 7), the flasks were placed in an orbital shaker (Labotec, Gauteng, South Africa) at 30 ±2 °C. Another control experiment only contained algae cells and Cr(VI) and there was very little change in the Cr(VI) concentration, thus the possibility of using the algae as a biosorbent at a pH of 7 is not viable.
    keywords: algae; bacteria; carbon; cells; chemical; cr(vi; crb; engineering; reduction; source
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        item: #6844 of 7527
          id: cet-5080
      author: sauro
       title: Microsoft Word - 476hernandez.docx
        date: 2015-04-25
       words: 2479
      flesch: 52
     summary: 4. Results and discussion The minimization of the objective function defined in Equation 8 lead to the following results: Table 1: NRTL Interaction parameters (α(i, j) =0.2) System T (K) Interaction parameters τ(1,2) τ(2,1) τ(1,3) τ(3,1) τ(2,3) τ(3,2) Clearly the obtained results showed large deviations with the experimental values, indicating the non reliability of this model to retrieve solubility data for these system types. 5.
    keywords: 0,0; ethanol; liquid; nrtl; solubility; water
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        item: #6845 of 7527
          id: cet-5081
      author: sauro
       title: Microsoft Word - 476hernandez.docx
        date: 2015-04-25
       words: 2734
      flesch: 51
     summary: Data of experimental activity coefficients (γ ) obtained from literature (Soujanya et al., 2010) were compared with calculated values (γ ) by two different methods. The mean absolute deviation (MAD) between the experimental and calculated values of activity coefficients was obtained Eq(1): (%) = 1NP γ − γ ∙ 100 (1)
    keywords: activity; coefficients; cosmo
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        item: #6846 of 7527
          id: cet-5082
      author: sauro
       title: Microsoft Word - 476hernandez.docx
        date: 2015-04-25
       words: 3174
      flesch: 45
     summary: Even though compositions and concentrations of landfill leachate vary depending on the kind of waste received, landfill age, location and climate, operation technology, there are some common features of municipal landfill leachate. Moreover, the ultrafiltration membranes are coupled with the biological system with the optional use both as membrane biological reactor (MBR) and as tertiary treatment (TT) after the secondary clarifier.
    keywords: ammonia; diffusers; landfill; leachate; load; nitrogen; reactor; scale
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        item: #6847 of 7527
          id: cet-5083
      author: sauro
       title: Microsoft Word - 476hernandez.docx
        date: 2015-04-25
       words: 3939
      flesch: 50
     summary: Fire and explosion safety in workplaces, buildings and premises is a major concern of European legislation, in particular through the ATEX Directives 1994/9/EC (1994) and 1999/92/EC (1999). Inspect: a new method for fire safety in existing premises.
    keywords: assessment; chemical; effects; explosion; fire; hazard; premises; safety; substances; workplace
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        item: #6848 of 7527
          id: cet-5084
      author: sauro
       title: Microsoft Word - 476hernandez.docx
        date: 2015-04-25
       words: 3688
      flesch: 47
     summary: DOI: 10.3303/CET1543317 Please cite this article as: Mocellin P., Vianello C., Maschio G., 2015, Carbon capture and storage hazard investigation: numerical analysis of hazards related to dry ice bank sublimation following accidental carbon dioxide releases, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 43, 1897-1902 DOI: 10.3303/CET1543317 DOI: 10.3303/CET1543317 Please cite this article as: Mocellin P., Vianello C., Maschio G., 2015, Carbon capture and storage hazard investigation: numerical analysis of hazards related to dry ice bank sublimation following accidental carbon dioxide releases, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 43, 1897-1902 DOI: 10.3303/CET1543317 1897 In light of these toxicological properties, gas concentration is therefore the most important parameter and most of the results represent the evolution of carbon dioxide concentration in space following the release from the dry ice bank and the ruptured pipeline.
    keywords: bank; carbon; carbon dioxide; co2; dioxide; dry; ice; ice bank; release; sublimation
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        item: #6849 of 7527
          id: cet-5085
      author: sauro
       title: Microsoft Word - 476hernandez.docx
        date: 2015-04-25
       words: 4356
      flesch: 34
     summary: These features enrich and connote a different approach to smart city initiatives than even the most advanced in northern Europe that are located in areas radically different and offering solutions that are not suited to the Genoese context. 4.1 Strengths The generally availability of procedural guidance both in building smart city strategy and in targeted indicators are resources usable for the assessment stage.
    keywords: assessment; cities; city; development; energy; future; impact; need; projects; smart; sustainability
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        item: #6850 of 7527
          id: cet-5086
      author: sauro
       title: Microsoft Word - 476hernandez.docx
        date: 2015-04-25
       words: 3179
      flesch: 45
     summary: Ca X X X X Cu X X X X Fe X X X X K X X X X P X X X X S X X X X Sc -- X X -- Sr X X X X Ti -- X -- -- Zn X X X X Zr X X X X 4. Ca X X X X Cu X X X X Fe X X X X K X X X X P X X X X S X X X X Sc X X X -- Sr X X X X Ti X X X X Zn X X X X Zr -- X X X Table 2: Elemental Analysis of the PM10 sample by Energy Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence Spectrometry.
    keywords: air; catalão; chemical; city; matter; particles; particulate; pm10
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        item: #6851 of 7527
          id: cet-5087
      author: sauro
       title: Microsoft Word - 476hernandez.docx
        date: 2015-04-25
       words: 3134
      flesch: 51
     summary: With respect to cement materials, leaching can be discussed two ways: potential leaching from products made with cement, and the use of cement to control the leaching of waste materials, such as fly ash and slag. As mentioned, it was confirmed that the leaching of heavy metals from cement materials increases with waste material addition e.g. the fly ash or slag (Yu et al. 2005).
    keywords: barium; cement; concrete; days; leaching; sample; water
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        item: #6852 of 7527
          id: cet-5088
      author: sauro
       title: Microsoft Word - 476hernandez.docx
        date: 2015-04-25
       words: 2963
      flesch: 55
     summary: The risks associated with biogas production and upgrading to biomethane were investigated. Figure 3: Reference scheme for biogas production from livestock slurry.
    keywords: biogas; damage; distances; fire; membrane; process; production; release; upgrading
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        item: #6853 of 7527
          id: cet-5089
      author: sauro
       title: Microsoft Word - 476hernandez.docx
        date: 2015-04-25
       words: 3159
      flesch: 43
     summary: In addition, in order to classify and display the spatial variation of risks off site, groundwater risk maps were obtained by using an analytical model, implemented ad-hoc, and a Geographical Information System (GIS). A range of risk criteria can be adopted to provide an indicative measure of flooding risk from groundwater sources, and to highlight the areas where a more detailed assessment of groundwater flooding risk is required.
    keywords: area; assessment; figure; groundwater; risk; site; soil; transport
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        item: #6854 of 7527
          id: cet-509
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-509
        date: 2018-07-19
       words: 2925
      flesch: 46
     summary: Results and Discussion 3.1 Effect of Cr(VI) concentration Preliminary tests at selected Cr(VI) initial concentration were performed to establish a possible effect of nMG or GnMG on the adsorption process. In the case of high Cr(VI) concentration (20 mg L-1), the effect of nanoparticle dimension was relevant in which low nanoparticle size (44.1 nm) of nMG corresponded to a high adsorption capacity.
    keywords: adsorption; concentration; cr(vi; l-1; nmg; removal
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        item: #6855 of 7527
          id: cet-5090
      author: sauro
       title: Microsoft Word - 476hernandez.docx
        date: 2015-04-25
       words: 3081
      flesch: 50
     summary: Our study also involves an internet word search on a set of words related to European biogas accidents in different European languages. The number of biogas stations continues to grow.
    keywords: accident; analysis; biogas; czech; european; frequency; leakage; stations
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        item: #6856 of 7527
          id: cet-5091
      author: sauro
       title: Microsoft Word - 476hernandez.docx
        date: 2015-04-25
       words: 3621
      flesch: 39
     summary: In the present paper, a theoretical framework to assess environmental risk caused by fire from tank rupture, or catastrophic failure of a cruise ship is presented by utilizing numerical methods. For the assessment of the acceptability criteria of environmental risk, we considered a simplified ALARP matrix (see Figure 5), based on the definition of risk as the relation between frequency and the number of people/environmental targets suffering from a specified level of harm in a given population from the realization of specified hazards.
    keywords: accidents; area; assessment; cruise; fabiano; figure; fire; frequency; risk; safety; ship
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        item: #6857 of 7527
          id: cet-5092
      author: sauro
       title: Microsoft Word - 476hernandez.docx
        date: 2015-04-25
       words: 4293
      flesch: 33
     summary: Thus, the conventional/ classical decision making in the form of risk assessment provides the basis for a relationship between the regulator and the regulated in the context of the Safety Case Regime. High hazard risks and safety climate in offshore oil and gas facilities.
    keywords: assessment; australia; consequence; decision; hazard; level; process; risk; safety; system
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        item: #6858 of 7527
          id: cet-5093
      author: sauro
       title: Microsoft Word - 476hernandez.docx
        date: 2015-04-25
       words: 3792
      flesch: 37
     summary: Hughes, L., Ranjan, A., 2013, Event-related stresses in energy systems and their effects on energy security. To that end, energy supply diversity is often regarded as an essential approach that could assist in promoting energy security of an energy consuming system.
    keywords: approach; dynamics; energy; energy security; policy; production; security; sources; supply; system
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        item: #6859 of 7527
          id: cet-5094
      author: sauro
       title: Microsoft Word - 476hernandez.docx
        date: 2015-04-25
       words: 2774
      flesch: 43
     summary: Different washcoats uncatalysed and catalysed with 2 wt% of V2O5 were tested in catalytic activity test at 200°C in order to compare the catalytic performance in terms of H2S abatement efficiency and resistance to the deactivation. Table 1: Elemental composition (wt%) of different washcoats by ED-XRF analysis Ce, wt% Zr, wt% Al, wt% ECOCAT 58 5 31 MEL CHEMICALS 38 57 5 Ultrasonic testing was performed on the washcoated catalysts to evaluate the adhesion and the stability of the washcoat on the mechanical support.
    keywords: catalysts; ecocat; h2s; so2; washcoat; wt%
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        item: #6860 of 7527
          id: cet-5095
      author: sauro
       title: Microsoft Word - 476hernandez.docx
        date: 2015-04-25
       words: 3263
      flesch: 43
     summary: References Altenor S., Carene B., Emmanuel E., Lambert J., Ehrhardt J.-J., Gaspard S., 2009, Adsorption studies of methylene blue and phenol onto vetiver roots activated carbon prepared by chemical activation, J. Hazard. Activated carbons synthesized from lignocellulosic precursors are an interesting alternative for their use as adsorbents and catalyst supports in the wastewater treatment field.
    keywords: adsorption; blue; carbon; chemical; dyes; methylene; removal; solution; surface
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        item: #6861 of 7527
          id: cet-5096
      author: sauro
       title: Microsoft Word - 476hernandez.docx
        date: 2015-04-25
       words: 3161
      flesch: 57
     summary: Subsequently concentration rapidly decreased, as effect of soil gas extraction, until approximately the fifth operational month. Figure 4: on the left side gas sampling analytical results, diamonds represent total VOCs concentration, squares total chlorinated VOCs and triangle BTEX; on the right side is reported VOCs removal rate, squares, and cumulative amount of VOCs removed Effects of the optimization activities would be observed more clearly observing soil gas concentration inside each single extraction well instead overall extracted gas flux.
    keywords: concentration; extraction; figure; gas; pss; remediation; soil; vocs
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        item: #6862 of 7527
          id: cet-5097
      author: sauro
       title: Microsoft Word - 476hernandez.docx
        date: 2015-04-25
       words: 3976
      flesch: 56
     summary: enthalpy of solubility [kJ/mol CO2] ASPEN Plus® default parameters literature model (Austgen, 1989) literature model (Zhang et al., 2011) literature model (Freguia, 2002) literature model (Liu et al., 1999) proposed parameters y = x 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200 0 50 100 150 200 e n th a lp y o f s o lu b il it y [ k J /m o l] exp. enthalpy of solubility [kJ/mol] ASPEN Plus® default parameters literature model (Austgen, 1989) literature model (Zhang et al., 2011) literature model (Freguia, 2002) literature model (Liu et al., 1999) proposed parameters y = x 1978 Figure 3: detailed results obtained with different methods of simulation of data by Mathonat et al. (1998) for loadings < 0.5.
    keywords: absorption; chem; co2; data; eng; et al; model; parameters
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        item: #6863 of 7527
          id: cet-5098
      author: sauro
       title: Microsoft Word - 476hernandez.docx
        date: 2015-04-25
       words: 2572
      flesch: 53
     summary: Regin A.F., Solanki S.C., Saini J.S., 2008, Heat transfer characteristics of thermal energy storage system using PCM capsules: A review, Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 12, 2438–2458. This can be achieved by shifting the power consumption needed by the air conditioning units towards off peak hours, integrating thermal storage systems.
    keywords: energy; heat; pcm; storage; system; water
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        item: #6864 of 7527
          id: cet-5099
      author: sauro
       title: Microsoft Word - 476hernandez.docx
        date: 2015-04-25
       words: 2527
      flesch: 41
     summary: In the present paper we describe the results of indium recovery from waste LCD panels using sulphuric acid leaching followed by zinc cementation. The present paper describes an innovative hydrometallurgical process for indium recovery from LCD scraps.
    keywords: doi; indium; lcd; leaching; process; recovery; waste
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        item: #6865 of 7527
          id: cet-510
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-510
        date: 2018-07-19
       words: 3515
      flesch: 44
     summary: The performance in sterol adsorption of MIPs synthesized under various conditions was investigated using a model solution of sterol mixture in n-heptane with initial concentration of 1.40×10-4 kg/kg-solution comparing with non-imprinted polymer (NIP). Batch adsorption was performed to evaluate the performance of the obtained MIPs in sterol adsorption using a model solution of sterol mixture in n-heptane comparing with non-imprinted polymer (NIP).
    keywords: adsorption; cross; linker; mip; molecule; percentage; polymer; sterol; template
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        item: #6866 of 7527
          id: cet-5100
      author: sauro
       title: Microsoft Word - 476hernandez.docx
        date: 2015-04-25
       words: 3264
      flesch: 35
     summary: Maritime Navigation is composed of hardware in the form of vessels (e.g., hull, machinery), of control system hardware (e.g., input devices, screens, dials) and of software in the form of control systems (e.g., dynamic positioning systems; Sørensen, 2011) and finally of the operative environment – which is continuously changing and that requires constant adaptation. Likewise, the chemical industry is saturated with complex interdependencies, dynamic interactions among various agents , and multi-level control loops and nuclear power plants, which are composed of several sub-systems e.g., hardware, human operators and control systems (Junior et al., 2012, Carvalho et al., 2007).
    keywords: agents; awareness; chemical; control; dsa; human; maritime; operators; systems
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        item: #6867 of 7527
          id: cet-5101
      author: sauro
       title: Microsoft Word - 476hernandez.docx
        date: 2015-04-25
       words: 3669
      flesch: 55
     summary: We also got almost the same results for different 2 types of target objects, which indicated that our developed system had a potential to dismantle targets continuously by switching database if shapes of the targets are getting changed as works proceed. 4. Evaluation experiments We conducted below experiments on 2 types of target objects as shown in Figure 4(a) and (b).
    keywords: camera; model; position; posture; system; target
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        item: #6868 of 7527
          id: cet-5102
      author: sauro
       title: Microsoft Word - 476hernandez.docx
        date: 2015-04-25
       words: 3063
      flesch: 40
     summary: In the present study we analyze dynamics of soluble radioactive gas scavenging by rain taking into account the effects which were neglected in the previous studies, e.g. droplet evaporation, inhomogeneous altitudinal temperature and concentration distributions in the atmosphere and radioactive decay of soluble gases. Notably, the altitudinal dependence of scavenging coefficient at different times during soluble gas scavenging by non-evaporating rain droplets in the atmosphere with inhomogeneous temperature distribution is described by parallel lines (see Elperin et al. 2014).
    keywords: atmosphere; coefficient; distribution; gas; rain; scavenging; temperature
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        item: #6869 of 7527
          id: cet-5103
      author: sauro
       title: Microsoft Word - 476hernandez.docx
        date: 2015-04-25
       words: 2794
      flesch: 45
     summary: • Na (gas) is predicted at high temperatures (above 1200 °C) • A liquid slag is predicted, mainly at high temperatures, representing above 10 % of fuel-Na at 1100-1500 °C.
    keywords: ash; chemistry; fuel; gasification; phase; temperature
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        item: #6870 of 7527
          id: cet-5104
      author: sauro
       title: Microsoft Word - 476hernandez.docx
        date: 2015-04-25
       words: 3210
      flesch: 43
     summary: Japan, 64(9), 716-733, DOI: 10.3775/jie.64.9_716 Higman C., Van Der Burgt M., 2007, Gasification: Appendix E, Elsevier Science, Massachusetts, USA. Lee H., Choi S., Paek M., 2010, Interpretation of coal gasification modeling in commercial process analysis simulation codes, J. Mech. % Feed rate 50,000 kg/h Moisture 04.58 C 77.76 Pyritic 0.87 Particle size 1.0 cm Fixed Carbon 37.37 H 05.24 Sulfate 0.87 Coal-to- steam ratio 0.5 Volatiles 50.31 N 01.47 Organic 0.88 Ash 07.74 S 02.62 O 04.79 Ash 08.12 Table 3: Simulation results compared to conventional gasification processes with Pittsburgh seam coal Process
    keywords: bayonet; coal; gases; gasification; gasifier; heat; process; scheme; simulation; steam
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        item: #6871 of 7527
          id: cet-5105
      author: sauro
       title: Microsoft Word - 476hernandez.docx
        date: 2015-04-25
       words: 3419
      flesch: 55
     summary: Figure 8: Range of temperature for CO production when Qg = 1.367x10-6 m3 s-1. The yield of CO production grows to the maximum value in ± 30 s
    keywords: chemical; figure; reaction; temperature; time
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        item: #6872 of 7527
          id: cet-5106
      author: sauro
       title: Microsoft Word - 476hernandez.docx
        date: 2015-04-25
       words: 3036
      flesch: 51
     summary: Several studies on plastic catalytic pyrolysis over FCC catalysts show that the spent FCC catalyst still has cracking activity and high selectivity to gasoline and light olefin fractions (Salmiaton et al., 2011). Conclusions The two-step system (pyrolysis-catalytic cracking) is an interesting technology for the catalytic cracking of HDPE over spent FCC catalysts.
    keywords: bed; catalyst; cracking; fcc; pyrolysis; reactor; temperature
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        item: #6873 of 7527
          id: cet-5107
      author: sauro
       title: Microsoft Word - 476hernandez.docx
        date: 2015-04-25
       words: 3360
      flesch: 40
     summary: INCA Energy 350, Oxford Instruments, Witney, UK): the results reported in our previous works (Palma et al., 2012) showed the very homogeneous distribution of the active species on the filter surface, and the comparison among the uncatalysed filter and the catalysed filter with various Cu0.95K0.05Fe2O4 loads showed that the active species cover all the SiC granules surface and that increasing their load, they don’t deposit inside the inner wall pores but only on the external surface, and so on another layer of catalyst: in this way there is only the decrease of the pore diameter, but not their occlusion, so allowing its use as catalytic filter. Liu G., Huang Z., Shangguan W. and Yan C., 2003, Simultaneously catalytic removal of NOx and particulate matter on diesel particulate filter, Chinese Science Bulletin, 48(3), 305 – 308.
    keywords: catalyst; cu0.95k0.05fe2o4; diesel; dpf; temperature
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        item: #6874 of 7527
          id: cet-5108
      author: sauro
       title: Microsoft Word - 476hernandez.docx
        date: 2015-04-25
       words: 4006
      flesch: 45
     summary: d d d c c b a 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 T u rb id it y R e m o va l (% ) pH (1) (2) (1) (2) 2043 Based on these results, it was established to Tanfloc SG coagulant dosage of 20 mg.L-1 and pH 6, as to the dosage of 20 mg.L-1, there is no statistically significant difference for pH levels 3 to 6 according Tukey test at 5% probability. Figure 2 shows the turbidity removal efficiency for the dosage of 20 mg.L-1 to SG Tanfloc coagulants (1) and SH Tanfloc Coagulant (2) at different pH values tested.
    keywords: coagulants; coagulation; dosage; effluent; flocculation; removal; tanfloc; treatment; turbidity
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        item: #6875 of 7527
          id: cet-5109
      author: sauro
       title: Microsoft Word - 476hernandez.docx
        date: 2015-04-25
       words: 2875
      flesch: 44
     summary: The special trend, that define a “critical PPI value”, is more evident for foam samples with higher diameters (> 0.010 m). A predictive expression of foam thermal conductivity was proposed by Bhattacharia et al (2002), in which the effective thermal conductivity of foam samples was evaluated.
    keywords: conductivity; foam; gas; heat; intensification; model; temperature; transfer
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        item: #6876 of 7527
          id: cet-511
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-511
        date: 2018-07-19
       words: 3666
      flesch: 51
     summary: Process simulation The model RK-BM is chosen as the physical property method of gasification process. Therefore, whether the composition of the syngas from the liquid-nitrogen washing process reaches the industrial requirements is an important reference index for the smooth operation of the ammonia production from coal process.
    keywords: consumption; energy; energy consumption; gasification; nitrogen; oxygen; oxygen purity; process; purity; unit
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        item: #6877 of 7527
          id: cet-5110
      author: sauro
       title: Microsoft Word - 476hernandez.docx
        date: 2015-04-25
       words: 3474
      flesch: 45
     summary: Bio-oils produced by rice wastes pyrolysis present some undesirable properties: chemical instability, high solids content, ashes, oxygenated compounds and water, which prevent its direct use in conventional engines. In addition, advantages regarding storage and transport, and the possibility of use pyrolysis liquids in different applications after processing are not of great concern.
    keywords: bio; compounds; hydrogenation; liquids; production; pyrolysis; rice; wastes
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        item: #6878 of 7527
          id: cet-5111
      author: sauro
       title: Microsoft Word - 476hernandez.docx
        date: 2015-04-25
       words: 4230
      flesch: 54
     summary: A publication of The Italian Association of Chemical Engineering Online at www.aidic.it/cet Chief Editors: Sauro Pierucci, Jiří J. Klemeš Copyright © 2015, AIDIC Servizi S.r.l., ISBN 978-88-95608-34-1; ISSN 2283-9216 Investigations of Deflagration in a Four-Litre-Autoclave under Atmospheric and Non-Atmospheric Conditions Steffen Salg*a, Marcus Malowa, Heinrich Morhennb aFederal Institute for Materials Research and Testing (BAM), Department 2 “Chemical Safety Engineering”, 12200 Berlin, Germany bBayer Technology Services GmbH, Process and Plant Safety, 51368 Leverkusen, Germany steffen.salg@bam.de A four-litre-autoclave was used to perform deflagration tests in a closed vessel. The validation of test results showed that the autoclave is suited for the performance of deflagration tests.
    keywords: autoclave; deflagration; maximum; pressure; rise; temperature; test; time; tube
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        item: #6879 of 7527
          id: cet-5112
      author: sauro
       title: Microsoft Word - 476hernandez.docx
        date: 2015-04-25
       words: 2934
      flesch: 53
     summary: References AIChE/CCPS, 2010, Guidelines for vapor cloud explosion, pressure vessel burst, bleve and flash fire hazards, 2nd Edition. %ABR and pitch≥8D (D is the diameter of obstacles), medium congestion is defined between 10 and 40 %ABR and the pitch varies from 4D to 8D and high congestion is greater than 40 % ABR (the pitch is less than 4D).
    keywords: ammonia; atm; cloud; congestion; explosion; flame; method
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        item: #6880 of 7527
          id: cet-5113
      author: sauro
       title: Microsoft Word - 476hernandez.docx
        date: 2015-04-25
       words: 3296
      flesch: 53
     summary: The overall scenario simulated for the propane involves 12 residents (which obviously greatly increased in case of water tank explosions), however it must been taken into account that, as reported for the event occurred in 2002, more people could be hit. Lava flow scenario in Nicolosi, scale 1:25000 (Comune di Nicolosi, 2007).
    keywords: effects; explosion; flow; lava; liquid; milazzo; tank
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        item: #6881 of 7527
          id: cet-5114
      author: sauro
       title: Microsoft Word - 476hernandez.docx
        date: 2015-04-25
       words: 3140
      flesch: 33
     summary: The use of hypothesis or procedures not supported by analysis should be avoided; b. Failures cause and consequence of the components of monitoring and managing system (e.g. faults in gas detection system, ventilation system, etc.), and failure rates; c. Possible consequences in the case of lack of adequate supplying of energy, air, etc.; Figure 4: Extract of Fault Tree Analysis for double flow ventilation system 5.
    keywords: analysis; case; firedamp; management; risk; system; tunnel; tunneling; ventilation
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        item: #6882 of 7527
          id: cet-5115
      author: sauro
       title: Microsoft Word - 476hernandez.docx
        date: 2015-04-25
       words: 3536
      flesch: 48
     summary: As stated by Fodor and Klemeš (2011), landfills have the advantage of being a technology of relatively low cost and easy to implement, complement with other technology options for handling residual waste, and can derive landfill gas (LFG) as a by-product for household and industrial uses. This estimative was performed by considering the number of inhabitants in each year and the correspondent average rate of waste generation (t/capita/y), according to data from São Paulo State Environmental Agency (CETESB, 2013), and resulted in a total amount of 1,447,067 t of MSW over the period.
    keywords: brazil; data; emissions; energy; ghg; landfill; msw; waste
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        item: #6883 of 7527
          id: cet-5116
      author: sauro
       title: Microsoft Word - 476hernandez.docx
        date: 2015-04-25
       words: 3259
      flesch: 43
     summary: As a consequence, the intermediates start to accumulate thus creating inhibiting conditions (Liotta et al., 2014)(e.g. pH and alkalinity drop) for the activity of the microorganisms that are more sensitive to DOI: 10.3303/CET1543349 Please cite this article as: Pontoni L., Panico A., Salzano E., Frunzo L., Iodice P., Pirozzi F., 2015, Innovative parameters to control the efficiency and safety of anaerobic digestion process, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 43, 2089-2094 DOI: 10.3303/CET1543349 DOI: 10.3303/CET1543349 Please cite this article as: Pontoni L., Panico A., Salzano E., Frunzo L., Iodice P., Pirozzi F., 2015, Innovative parameters to control the efficiency and safety of anaerobic digestion process, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 43, 2089-2094 DOI: 10.3303/CET1543349 2089 environmental conditions changes.
    keywords: anaerobic; digestion; figure; methane; process; production; reactor; waste
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        item: #6884 of 7527
          id: cet-5117
      author: sauro
       title: Microsoft Word - 476hernandez.docx
        date: 2015-04-25
       words: 3307
      flesch: 60
     summary: Among them, pressure relief valve (aiming to control pressure increase) and thermal insulation (aiming to reduce wall temperature) are commonly used. It is possible that the EA will slow the opening of the vessel and this could suppress the formation of a shock The first point could delay vessel failure in a fire: it only takes a small decrease in wall temperature to change the failure time by several minutes.
    keywords: aluminium; heat; pressure; temperature; vapour; vessel; wall
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        item: #6885 of 7527
          id: cet-5118
      author: sauro
       title: Microsoft Word - 476hernandez.docx
        date: 2015-04-25
       words: 3464
      flesch: 54
     summary: As reported by Ancione et al. (2014b), common failure modes associated with the presence of volcanic ash in the sewage are: (1) screen clogging due to a deposit formation, occurring when the particles’ size is greater than their openings and causing a flow-rate reduction; (2) incomplete grit removal due to an incomplete ash deposition the channels, it causes abrasion and wear of mechanical equipment, grit deposition in pipelines and accumulation in anaerobic digesters and aeration basins. This observation allows stating that the presence of few quantities of volcanic ash, with characteristics similar to those emitted by Mt. Etna, quickly causes the system clogging.
    keywords: area; ash; milazzo; particles; screens; volcanic; wastewater
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        item: #6886 of 7527
          id: cet-5119
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 212Sacco 26-05-15.docx
        date: 2015-05-26
       words: 2886
      flesch: 56
     summary: 2θ (degree) a) b) 400Fe-NT/GP 200Fe-NT/GP GP GP GP Anatase GP a) b) 2110 Figure 6 SEM images of 200Fe-NT/GP and 400Fe-NT/GP samples. Figure 5 SEM images of GP samples.
    keywords: figure; irradiation; light; photocatalytic; tio2
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        item: #6887 of 7527
          id: cet-512
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-512
        date: 2018-07-19
       words: 3380
      flesch: 52
     summary: The inlet and outlet temperature requirements of cooler j are as follows: 489 , , ,  in out DAC j DAC j t t j CU (9) , , , , , ,   in out in out SAC j SAC j SAC j SAC j t t T T j CU (10) , max , max , , , , , ,   in in out out CWS j CWS j CWS j CWS j T T T T j CU (11) , , 5 - 15,   out in CWS j CWS j T T j CU (12) With regard to Eq(12), since the temperature difference of water coolers between inlet and outlet is about 8~10 oC in industrial practice, the sliding interval of temperature is relaxed to 5~15 oC. (4) The restrictive condition of binary variables on existence of cooling mediums is shown as Eq(13). (2) On the entry node of water cooler j (Mj), circulating cooling water is received from the cooling tower and other water coolers.
    keywords: cooler; cooling; cws j; dac j; network; sac j; water
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        item: #6888 of 7527
          id: cet-5120
      author: sauro
       title: Microsoft Word - 476hernandez.docx
        date: 2015-04-25
       words: 2972
      flesch: 47
     summary: The flow field inside such combustion chamber is shown in Figure 1. Figure 1: Velocity [m/s] distribution. 2116 Table 2: Values of the outlet parameters for the ten selected configurations Tout, K ηcomb, % ΔP, % 1 1342 99.7 1.23 2 1326 99.8 0.95 3 1329 99.7 3.62 4 1325 99.6 0.97 5 1311 99.5 0.62 6 1241 99.7 3.86 7 1284 99.7 1.96 8 1206 99.7 1.36 9 1211 99.6 0.85 10 1323 99.6 1.07 3.3 Second Optimization Study To better integrate such combustion chamber in the micro gas-turbine it was chosen to analyse and optimize a slightly different configuration, characterized by having the exhaust gases outlet placed on the opposite side of the inlets, close to the side wall of the chamber.
    keywords: chamber; combustion; combustion chamber; gas; inlet; micro; turbine
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        item: #6889 of 7527
          id: cet-5121
      author: sauro
       title: Microsoft Word - 476hernandez.docx
        date: 2015-04-25
       words: 4134
      flesch: 58
     summary: Two conditions must be satisfied: i) the pressure drop through the PHT (∆PPHT) must be lower than the maximum allowable (called hydraulic limit, HL); ii) the furnace duty (Qf) must be below its maximum capacity (also called thermal limit, TL). Please cite this article as: Diaz-Bejarano E., Pelloja G., Coletti F., Macchietto S., 2015, Heat exchanger bypass control to mitigate the cost of fouling in refinery preheat trains, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 43, 2119-2124 DOI: 10.3303/CET1543354 DOI: 10.3303/CET1543354
    keywords: bypass; exchanger; fouling; heat; hydraulic; pressure; thl
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        item: #6890 of 7527
          id: cet-5122
      author: sauro
       title: Microsoft Word - 476hernandez.docx
        date: 2015-04-25
       words: 2968
      flesch: 45
     summary: Further development of this innovative combustion technology would benefit of Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) tools; however, modelling flameless combustion is much more challenging than conventional flames, because of the strong coupling between turbulent mixing and chemical kinetics. The present work describes the numerical modelling of an ethylene jet flame issuing in a hot coflow burner, which is fully characterized in literature and emulates flameless combustion conditions (Medwell and Dally, 2008).
    keywords: chemical; coflow; combustion; figure; model; reduction; species; temperature
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        item: #6891 of 7527
          id: cet-5123
      author: sauro
       title: Microsoft Word - 476hernandez.docx
        date: 2015-04-25
       words: 3169
      flesch: 46
     summary: A wet flue gas desulphurisation process is likely to be controlled by mass transport rather than chemical reaction, due to the high solid loadings compared to the dissipated energy. Thus, the dissolution is assumed to be limited by chemical reaction at the solid-liquid interface according to, -V dCH+ dt =k ACH+
    keywords: chemical; diffusion; dissolution; mass; model; number; reaction; step; transport
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        item: #6892 of 7527
          id: cet-5124
      author: sauro
       title: Microsoft Word - 476hernandez.docx
        date: 2015-04-25
       words: 3318
      flesch: 52
     summary: In order to provide such goods novel methods of product quality control are required to be developed and used in industrial practice. Furthermore, a method of product quality control robust to neural model uncertainty is developed.
    keywords: control; design; method; model; neural; product; pump; quality; quality control
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        item: #6893 of 7527
          id: cet-5125
      author: sauro
       title: Microsoft Word - 476hernandez.docx
        date: 2015-04-25
       words: 3755
      flesch: 52
     summary: The paper highlights mercury emission sources in Europe and Asia, and provides an over view of health hazards and safety measures in mercury removal technologies. Figure 1: Mercury emissions sources in Asia and Europe data extracted from (UNEP, 2013a)
    keywords: asia; emissions; europe; gas; mercury; removal; sources
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        item: #6894 of 7527
          id: cet-5126
      author: sauro
       title: Microsoft Word - 476hernandez.docx
        date: 2015-04-25
       words: 4063
      flesch: 52
     summary: Giulio Natta, Piazza Leonardo Da Vinci, 32; 20133 Milano; Italia federico.lucernoni@polimi.it Usually the Odour Emission Rate (OER) for passive area sources is evaluated by means of a ventilated hood: a forced air flow is insufflated from an air cylinder in the hood in order to mimic the action of the wind and obtain a value for the emissivity of the source. In DOI: 10.3303/CET1543359 Please cite this article as: Lucernoni F., 2015, The evaluation of the odour emission rate for passive area sources: a new approach, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 43, 2149-2154 DOI: 10.3303/CET1543359 DOI: 10.3303/CET1543359 Please cite this article as: Lucernoni F., 2015, The evaluation of the odour emission rate for passive area sources: a new approach, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 43, 2149-2154 DOI: 10.3303/CET1543359 2149 other examples, odour regulations specify the minimum distance from the closest inhabited area where possible odoriferous facilities can be located.
    keywords: area; emission; odour; oer; sources; speed; wind
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        item: #6895 of 7527
          id: cet-5127
      author: sauro
       title: Microsoft Word - 476hernandez.docx
        date: 2015-04-25
       words: 2418
      flesch: 25
     summary: Figure 5: Equipment analysis adopted approach Quality Management: the last step towards the adoption of a OS&H Management Systems based on the well - know Deming cycle. The Guideline was carefully tested both in terms of general approach and in some sub-applications to special critical topics.
    keywords: approach; italian; management; os&h; risk; safety; universities
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        item: #6896 of 7527
          id: cet-5128
      author: sauro
       title: Microsoft Word - 476hernandez.docx
        date: 2015-04-25
       words: 4411
      flesch: 46
     summary: Therefore, environmental agencies and public offices generally seek for tight control of PM10 concentration in urban areas. In order to previously act before PM10 concentrations rise above safety thresholds, techniques capable of forecasting these values are very important, and this work focuses on a specific tool: ensembles of artificial neural networks.
    keywords: approach; concentration; data; ensemble; forecast; networks; piracicaba; pm10; training
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        item: #6897 of 7527
          id: cet-5129
      author: sauro
       title: Microsoft Word - 476hernandez.docx
        date: 2015-04-25
       words: 3382
      flesch: 45
     summary: Figure 7: Performance of the costs of various process steps in an industrial plant for the production of bioethanol Figure 8: Production cost and sale on market As mentioned above, our simulation does not take into account the recovery of energy (it can be obtained by the combustion of the biogas produced from biomasses), which could potentially satisfy all the energy requirement of the plant such as a II generation biorefinery (Kwiatkowski et al., 2006). The process unit, that requires major costs of chemicals combined with higher energy costs for functionality, is hydrolysis with enzymatic processes.
    keywords: bioethanol; cost; donax; energy; figure; hydrolysis; process; production; simulation
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        item: #6898 of 7527
          id: cet-513
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-513
        date: 2018-07-19
       words: 4063
      flesch: 46
     summary: The relationship between bacterial growth and butyric acid degradation were investigated. The growth of and butyric acid degradation by Serratia marcescen was conducted at 30 oC, pH 7 and agitation rate of 110 rpm for incubation period of 24 h. The bacterial growth was expressed by the absorbance value (OD600) while the butyric degradation was expressed as degradation rate (%).
    keywords: acid; butyric; butyric acid; degradation; growth; model; pit; sanitation; serratia; strain; time; water
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        item: #6899 of 7527
          id: cet-5130
      author: sauro
       title: Microsoft Word - 476hernandez.docx
        date: 2015-04-25
       words: 3401
      flesch: 50
     summary: 18, 590−602. Point E., Tyedmers P., Naugler C., 2012, Life cycle environmental impacts of wine production and consumption in Nova Scotia, Canada. To perform an LCA analysis of the production of wine, four main stages have to be taken into account: viticulture (related to vineyard planting and grapes cultivation), wine production and bottling (from vinification to storage), wine distribution and sales, and disposal of empty bottles.
    keywords: cycle; emissions; life; production; stages; temperature; wine
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        item: #6900 of 7527
          id: cet-5131
      author: sauro
       title: Microsoft Word - 476hernandez.docx
        date: 2015-04-25
       words: 3338
      flesch: 45
     summary: In order to ensure the highest efficiency for the CSP plant, two different solar collection systems were considered: parabolic solar through for medium temperature heat and central solar tower (Romero and Steinfeld, 2012) for high temperature heat. The HyS cycle was originally conceived to use continuous high temperature waste heat from nuclear plants as thermal input (Gorensek, 2011).
    keywords: catalyst; heat; hydrogen; plant; so3; solar; temperature
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        item: #6901 of 7527
          id: cet-5132
      author: sauro
       title: Microsoft Word - 476hernandez.docx
        date: 2015-04-25
       words: 3101
      flesch: 52
     summary: The constant questions in the questionnaire were as principles: to characterize the respondents while maintaining anonymity; verify the possibility of adaptation to odors and the notion of pollution; general questions about the weather conditions (temperature, wind direction, time of day and year) for the analysis of possible associations with odors; identify the main source of odors; relate some symptoms of disease; and check the degree of unpleasantness of perceived odors. The average wind speed calculated from 1 January to 23 August 2013 was 2.0 m/s. 3.2 Perception of odors via questionnaire Through the analysis of the field of white applied in Aparecida, it was found that place does not suffer from the odor problem, as only 10 % of respondents said they note some kind of odor, however, none them could not inform their origin.
    keywords: chemical; industry; odor; perception; population; problem; questionnaire; source
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        item: #6902 of 7527
          id: cet-5133
      author: sauro
       title: Microsoft Word - 476hernandez.docx
        date: 2015-04-25
       words: 3054
      flesch: 57
     summary: Figures 2(e) and (f) compare the energy efficiency and CEC of different fuel cell systems at their optimal operating conditions. In this study, performance of such the fuel cell DOI: 10.3303/CET1543366 Please cite this article as: Jienkulsawad P., Saebea D., Patcharavorachot Y., Arpornwichanop A., 2015, Design of the integrated solid oxide fuel cell and molten carbonate fuel cell system to reduce carbon dioxide emissions, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 43, 2191-2196 DOI: 10.3303/CET1543366 DOI: 10.3303/CET1543366 Please cite this article as: Jienkulsawad P., Saebea D., Patcharavorachot Y., Arpornwichanop A., 2015, Design of the integrated solid oxide fuel cell and molten carbonate fuel cell system to reduce carbon dioxide emissions, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 43, 2191-2196 DOI: 10.3303/CET1543366 2191 integrated system with different designs is investigated and compared in terms of power generation and carbon dioxide emissions.
    keywords: cell; fuel; mcfc; sofc; system
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        item: #6903 of 7527
          id: cet-5134
      author: sauro
       title: Microsoft Word - 476hernandez.docx
        date: 2015-04-25
       words: 3267
      flesch: 42
     summary: Figure 1: Process diagram for hot asphalt mix production To develop the potential environmental impact assessment, the LCA methodology was applied to the production of hot dense mix asphalt (MDC-2) in a discontinuous plant.
    keywords: aggregates; analysis; asphalt; energy; impact; mix; process; production; scenario
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        item: #6904 of 7527
          id: cet-5135
      author: sauro
       title: Microsoft Word - 476hernandez.docx
        date: 2015-04-25
       words: 2806
      flesch: 46
     summary: Exergy analysis plays an important role in developing strategies and in providing guidelines for more effective use of exhaust heat in existing systems. Exergy analysis has become a very important tool for improving the efficiency of energy-resource usage, as it quantifies the locations, types and magnitudes of wastes and losses.
    keywords: analysis; destruction; exergy; fuel; heat; sofc; system
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        item: #6905 of 7527
          id: cet-5136
      author: sauro
       title: Microsoft Word - 476hernandez.docx
        date: 2015-04-25
       words: 3854
      flesch: 38
     summary: This point leads the way for the discussion of chemical products and processes under the perspective of economic sustainability. When referring to economic sustainability, some authors draw attention to the risk associated with market fluctuations (Carter and Rogers, 2008), and observe that traditional economic performance measures neglect the dynamic attribute of prices and costs over time (Bakshi et al., 2003).
    keywords: assessment; chemical; design; engineering; indicators; manca; price; process; scenarios; sustainability; time
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        item: #6906 of 7527
          id: cet-5137
      author: sauro
       title: Microsoft Word - 476hernandez.docx
        date: 2015-04-25
       words: 3583
      flesch: 38
     summary: Starting from the spatial analysis of territorial vulnerability and local conflicts against the infrastructure development, the paper focuses on the potential benefit of ESIA in order to achieve an integrated assessment of environmental, economic and social impacts within the decisional process and to minimize the level of social conflicts. Environmental impact assessment: restrospect and prospect.
    keywords: analysis; assessment; conflicts; esia; impact; lci; number; vulnerability
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        item: #6907 of 7527
          id: cet-5138
      author: sauro
       title: Microsoft Word - 476hernandez.docx
        date: 2015-04-25
       words: 3136
      flesch: 52
     summary: The correlation calculated between chemical elements and pH in each kind of liquid media and for case of each kind of concrete sample is shown in Table 5. 2224 Figure 3: Dissolving trend of Ca from the 0 AC sample (0% coal fly ash) in sulphuric acid and pH Figure 4: Dissolving trend of Ca from the 5 AC sample (5% coal fly ash) in sulphuric acid and pH Correlation is high in case of relation between Si and pH in deionized water leachate of concrete sample with 5% of coal fly ash replacement (0.75) and Mn-pH in sulphuric acid of concrete sample without coal fly ash replacement (0.71). 2. Material and Methods Concrete composites with/without coal fly ash were studied in the laboratory corrosion experiments.
    keywords: ash; cement; chemical; coal; concrete; correlation; corrosion; fly
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        item: #6908 of 7527
          id: cet-5139
      author: sauro
       title: Microsoft Word - 476hernandez.docx
        date: 2015-04-25
       words: 3398
      flesch: 48
     summary: Thus, it was selected for the comparison of gasification gas composition when air or oxygen was used as gasification medium both blended with steam. However, gasification gas composition presented in Figure 3 refers to dry basis and without N2 to easier the comparison between air-blown and oxygen-blown gasification and also the comparison with data found in literature.
    keywords: air; gasification; rice; temperature; wastes
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        item: #6909 of 7527
          id: cet-514
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-514
        date: 2018-07-19
       words: 3405
      flesch: 50
     summary: As for the primary energy savings in scenario A, with the heat rejected, the integration of an accumulator tank makes it possible to increase CHP heat utilisation and decrease natural gas consumption. The target level for the share of CHP electricity in gross electricity consumption was 20 % for 2020.
    keywords: accumulator; biomass; chp; electricity; energy; heat; tank
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        item: #6910 of 7527
          id: cet-5140
      author: sauro
       title: Microsoft Word - 476hernandez.docx
        date: 2015-04-25
       words: 3081
      flesch: 49
     summary: This is justifiable given that Moringa oleifera Lam is an oilseed rich in organic substances, such as oil, protein, fat, vitamins, etc. franciele_camacho@hotmail.com The objective of this study was to evaluate the lipid content in the sludge produced by the biomass of Microcystis protocystis, obtained in the process of water treatment coagulation/flocculation/dissolved air flotation (C/F/DAF), using as coagulant Moringa oleifera Lam (MO) seeds.
    keywords: acid; cells; coagulant; fatty; moringa; oleifera; removal; water
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        item: #6911 of 7527
          id: cet-5141
      author: sauro
       title: Microsoft Word - 476hernandez.docx
        date: 2015-04-25
       words: 3891
      flesch: 42
     summary: It might be possible that nitrogen removal process might have partially proceeded through anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) by utilizing NH4+-N as electron donors and nitrite as acceptors (Van Hulle et al, 2010). In any case, several novel and cost-effective biological nitrogen removal DOI: 10.3303/CET1543374 Please cite this article as: Di Palma L., Geri A., Maccioni M., Paoletti C., Petroni G., Di Battista A., Varrone C., 2015, Experimental assessment of a process including microbial fuel cell for nitrogen removal from digestate of anaerobic treatment of livestock manure and agricultural wastes, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 43, 2239-2244 DOI: 10.3303/CET1543374 DOI: 10.3303/CET1543374 Please cite this article as: Di Palma L., Geri A., Maccioni M., Paoletti C., Petroni G., Di Battista A., Varrone C., 2015, Experimental assessment of a process including microbial fuel cell for nitrogen removal from digestate of anaerobic treatment of livestock manure and agricultural wastes, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 43, 2239-2244 DOI: 10.3303/CET1543374 2239 processes have been developed in the last few years, including partial nitritation, denitrification (Aytimur et al., 2008), anaerobic ammonium oxidation, and its combined system (Jetten et al., 2002).
    keywords: anaerobic; biofilm; carbon; chamber; circuit; digestate; fuel; nitrogen; process; reactor; removal
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        item: #6912 of 7527
          id: cet-5142
      author: sauro
       title: Microsoft Word - 476hernandez.docx
        date: 2015-04-25
       words: 4443
      flesch: 37
     summary: This may be due to the granular configuration of Anammox sludge, which hampers the availability of IC to Anammox bacteria as IC has to diffuse into the granule to be used by Anammox bacteria. However, a wide use of this process at full scale is hampered by the extremely slow growth rate of bacteria operating Anammox process and by the difficulty in the control of critical co-existence of different bacterial strains that compete for the same substrate and thrive in opposite environmental conditions.
    keywords: ammonium; anammox; bacteria; concentration; day; nh4; no2; process
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        item: #6913 of 7527
          id: cet-5143
      author: sauro
       title: Microsoft Word - 476hernandez.docx
        date: 2015-04-25
       words: 3761
      flesch: 45
     summary: Metallic ions generated at the anode during ECP undergo hydrolysis with further production of a series of activated intermediates destabilizing the dispersed particles in the wastewater DOI: 10.3303/CET1543376 Please cite this article as: Rehman A., Kim M., Reverberi A., Fabiano B., 2015, Operational parameter influence on heavy metal removal from metal plating wastewater by electrocoagulation process, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 43, 2251-2256 DOI: 10.3303/CET1543376 DOI: 10.3303/CET1543376 Please cite this article as: Rehman A., Kim M., Reverberi A., Fabiano B., 2015, Operational parameter influence on heavy metal removal from metal plating wastewater by electrocoagulation process, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 43, 2251-2256 DOI: 10.3303/CET1543376 2251 (Vasudevan et al., 2011). Synthetic wastewater The effects of operating parameters (pH, inter-electrode distance, hydraulic retention time, HRT, and current density, CD) on heavy metal removal efficiency were thoroughly studied by using aluminium and iron electrodes for synthetic wastewater.
    keywords: density; efficiency; electrode; metal; process; removal; wastewater
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        item: #6914 of 7527
          id: cet-5144
      author: sauro
       title: Microsoft Word - 476hernandez.docx
        date: 2015-04-25
       words: 2799
      flesch: 39
     summary: Laboratory batch experiments were (and are) performed in order to study both sorption kinetics and spent resin regeneration; four materials have been tested until now: A600E, PAD500, A520E and MN102. So four different types of anion exchange resins, adsorbent polymers and hybrid polymers were tested in batch sorption experiments in order to determine the kinetic profiles of removal processes for four specific PFAS (PFBA, PFBS, PFOA, PFOS) investigating the effect of resin and polymer properties on sorption capacity and sorption kinetics.
    keywords: a600e; experiments; pfas; resin; sorption; water
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        item: #6915 of 7527
          id: cet-5145
      author: sauro
       title: Microsoft Word - 476hernandez.docx
        date: 2015-04-25
       words: 3100
      flesch: 47
     summary: The effect of initial concentration of DEA (500 – 2,000 ppm), effect of initial H2O2 concentration (500 – 2,000 ppm), effect of pH (3 - 9) and the effect of temperature (30 - 50 oC) on the degradation of DEA were studied. Hence it can be concluded that the combination of UV/H2O2 will generate more hydroxyl radical, which has a major role to play in the degradation of DEA. 2264 3.2 Effect of initial H2O2 concentration The effect of initial H2O2 concentration on the degradation efficiency is investigated by adding different concentration of H2O2 ranging from 500 ppm to 2,000 ppm.
    keywords: concentration; dea; degradation; effect; h2o2; ppm
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        item: #6916 of 7527
          id: cet-5146
      author: sauro
       title: Microsoft Word - 476hernandez.docx
        date: 2015-04-25
       words: 3668
      flesch: 57
     summary: The inorganic dirt adherent to wool fibres was evaluated by a thermal treatment at 500 °C for 2h; the residual ashes were collected and weighted according to Ferrero et al. 1988. Wool fibres, homogeneously distributed on the liquid surface, were sunk by the rolling cylinder for contact times in the 5 - 120 s range.
    keywords: contact; liquid; oil; sorption; surface; test; water; wool
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        item: #6917 of 7527
          id: cet-5147
      author: sauro
       title: Microsoft Word - 476hernandez.docx
        date: 2015-04-25
       words: 3078
      flesch: 45
     summary: In a 25 mL flask containing imidazolium acetate IL (30 %) and water (5 mL), pure 1-octene or cyclohexene or chalcone (3.0 mmol) was added. 1-trans-dibromo-cyclohexane and 1,3-diphenyl-trans-2,3-dibromo-1- propanone (solids) were collected by filtration and purified by crystallization in the minimum amount of boiling methanol (yield, respectively, 84 % and ~ 100 %), while the remaining aqueous solution containing imidazolium acetate IL was ready for reuse.
    keywords: acetate; ils; imidazolium; ionic; liquids; primerano; synthesis; water
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        item: #6918 of 7527
          id: cet-5148
      author: sauro
       title: Microsoft Word - 476hernandez.docx
        date: 2015-04-25
       words: 3782
      flesch: 46
     summary: Particularly, gas phase CO2 reduction has some advantages such as ease in recovery of products, no CO2 solubility issues and it allows the formation of oxygenates and hydrocarbons with higher chains (C2-C9). The cathodic side of the cell (the electrocatalyst side) operates in contact with a constant flow of the electrolyte solution (KHCO3), saturated with CO2 gas (gas flow rate of 10 mL/min) in a separate small tank.
    keywords: ampelli; carbon; co2; gas; liquid; phase; reduction
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        item: #6919 of 7527
          id: cet-5149
      author: sauro
       title: Microsoft Word - 476hernandez.docx
        date: 2015-04-25
       words: 3452
      flesch: 52
     summary: While the modelling of the rise of oil droplets in the water column is widely documented, in particular through analytical model using slip velocity concept, there is a lack of information on the effect of dispersants addition on rising oil droplet. This paper contributes to the characterization of dispersant effect on accidental oil release especially in term of physical modification for oil droplets.
    keywords: column; depth; dispersant; droplets; oil; shape; water
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        item: #6920 of 7527
          id: cet-515
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-515
        date: 2018-07-19
       words: 3430
      flesch: 54
     summary: The next step of this study is to identify the equation in defining the relationship between air emission and the amount of goods to be transported by different transport modes. However, the transport modes with lower GHGs emission do not necessary produce lower emission of air pollutants.
    keywords: emission; freight; goods; lorry; mode; rail; ship; transport
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        item: #6921 of 7527
          id: cet-5150
      author: sauro
       title: Microsoft Word - 476hernandez.docx
        date: 2015-04-25
       words: 4084
      flesch: 57
     summary: Treatment of olive mill wastewaters by nanofiltration and reverse osmosis membranes, Desalination 259, 65-70. A publication of The Italian Association of Chemical Engineering Online at www.aidic.it/cet Chief Editors: Sauro Pierucci, Jiří J. Klemeš Copyright © 2015, AIDIC Servizi S.r.l., ISBN 978-88-95608-34-1; ISSN 2283-9216 Comparison of the Performance of two Reverse Osmosis Membranes for the Final Purification of Olive Mill Wastewater Javier Miguel Ochando-Pulido*a, María Dolores Víctor-Ortegaa, Marco Stollerb, Antonio Martínez-Féreza aChemical Engineering Department, University of Granada, Avda.
    keywords: asymmetric; bar; flux; membrane; olive; permeate; pressure; ptm; wastewater
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        item: #6922 of 7527
          id: cet-5151
      author: sauro
       title: Microsoft Word - 476hernandez.docx
        date: 2015-04-25
       words: 2973
      flesch: 46
     summary: Extraction technology and reservoir characteristics affect the amount of produced water generated that sometimes may be tenfold the quantity of produced oil. The purpose of this paper is to develop a process suitable for the purification of produced waters, by devising a treatment train aimed at industrial and agricultural reuse.
    keywords: case; membrane; oil; ppm; process; stage; table; treatment; water
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        item: #6923 of 7527
          id: cet-5152
      author: sauro
       title: Microsoft Word - 476hernandez.docx
        date: 2015-04-25
       words: 3665
      flesch: 46
     summary: Conclusions Application of CAST for analysis of the Deepwater Horizon accident indicates that STAMP provides a different analytical approach for accident analysis, more focused on controls and ways on how they may fail. Lundberg, J., Rollenhagen, C., and Hollnagel, E., 2009, What-You-Look-For-Is-What-You-Find – The consequences of underlying accident models in eight accident investigation manuals.
    keywords: accident; analysis; control; engineering; oil; process; reports; safety; stamp; system
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        item: #6924 of 7527
          id: cet-5153
      author: sauro
       title: Microsoft Word - 476hernandez.docx
        date: 2015-04-25
       words: 3646
      flesch: 47
     summary: Obtained results show that specific methane production is higher in CAS sludge compared to MBR sludge because of the higher solid retention time of the MBR. Methane production measured during BMP tests is around 250 NmL/gVS for MBR sludge, equaling 2/3 of methane production obtained, in similar condition, for CAS sludge.
    keywords: anaerobic; cas; cst; dewaterability; digestion; filtration; mbr; sludge; srf; time
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        item: #6925 of 7527
          id: cet-5154
      author: sauro
       title: Microsoft Word - 476hernandez.docx
        date: 2015-04-25
       words: 3902
      flesch: 49
     summary: Reconnaissance of seismic damages occurred to WTPs Damages caused to WTPs by the main earthquakes occurred in the last 25 years have been collected from the technical literature and analysed. Bulletin of the New Zealand Society for Earthquake Engineering, 33, 248-264.
    keywords: damage; earthquake; engineering; pga; risk; seismic; supply; usa; vii; water; wtp; wtps
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        item: #6926 of 7527
          id: cet-5155
      author: sauro
       title: Microsoft Word - 476hernandez.docx
        date: 2015-06-19
       words: 4005
      flesch: 46
     summary: DOI: 10.3303/CET1543388 Please cite this article as: Bongiovani M.C., Pereira Camacho F., Cardoso Valverde K., Rhuna Tonial Dos Santos T., Nishi L., Bergamasco R., 2015, Evaluation of trihalomethanes formation using combined process coagulation/floculation/membranes in water treatment, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 43, 2323-2328 DOI: 10.3303/CET1543388 DOI: 10.3303/CET1543388 Please cite this article as: Bongiovani M.C., Pereira Camacho F., Cardoso Valverde K., Rhuna Tonial Dos Santos T., Nishi L., Bergamasco R., 2015, Evaluation of trihalomethanes formation using combined process coagulation/floculation/membranes in water treatment, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 43, 2323-2328 DOI: Franco, M.; Silva, G. K.; Paterniani, J. E. S., 2012, Water treatment by multistage filtration system with natural coagulant from Moringa oleifera seeds, Journal of the Brazilian Association of Agricultural Engineering, 32, 989 – 997. Gopal, K., Tripathy, S.S., Bersillon, J., Dubey, S.P., 2007, Chlorination byproducts, their toxicodynamics and removal from drinking water, Journal of Hazardous Materials, 140, 1-6.
    keywords: coagulant; coagulation; flocculation; oleifera; pac; removal; treatment; turbidity; water
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        item: #6927 of 7527
          id: cet-5156
      author: sauro
       title: Microsoft Word - 476hernandez.docx
        date: 2015-04-25
       words: 3954
      flesch: 42
     summary: During this second potentiostatic condition, the influent acetate concentration varied between 608 and 906 mgCOD/L while the value of acetate concentration in the effluent was on average 60 ± 7 mgCOD/L (Figure 1 - A ); thus, the average value of COD removal efficiency was 92 ± 1 %. COD removal efficiency (%) 91 ± 1 92 ± 1 Coulombic efficiency (%) 64 ± 3 49 ± 3 Methane production rate (meq/Ld) 79 ± 3 57 ± 3 Cathode capture efficiency
    keywords: anode; cod; efficiency; energy; mec; methane; potential; production
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        item: #6928 of 7527
          id: cet-5157
      author: sauro
       title: Microsoft Word - 476hernandez.docx
        date: 2015-04-25
       words: 2004
      flesch: 57
     summary: Material and methods 2.1 Characteristics of the water from Hamma The physicochemical results of the analysis of Hamma water are recapitulated in Table 1. State of art of natural inhibitors of calcium carbonate scaling.
    keywords: carbonate; ghizellaoui; hamma; scaling; water
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        item: #6929 of 7527
          id: cet-5158
      author: sauro
       title: Microsoft Word - 476hernandez.docx
        date: 2015-04-25
       words: 3171
      flesch: 53
     summary: One of the main open-problems in the area is related to the efficient spatially distribution of fire breaks that can serve as barriers in the fire spread. Within this context, methods coming from mathematical modeling, simulation and analysis of complex systems can thus enhance our efficiency in DOI: 10.3303/CET1543393 Please cite this article as: Russo L., Russo P., Evaggelidis I.N., Siettos C., 2015, Complex network statistics to the design of fire breaks for the control of fire spreading, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 43, 2353-2358 DOI: 10.3303/CET1543393 DOI: 10.3303/CET1543393 Please cite this article as: Russo L., Russo P., Evaggelidis I.N., Siettos C., 2015, Complex network statistics to the design of fire breaks for the control of fire spreading, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 43, 2353-2358 DOI: 10.3303/CET1543393 2353 designing better control policies, especially for disaster spread situations (Hu and Sheng, 2015).
    keywords: approach; breaks; distribution; fire; forest; network; spread
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        item: #6930 of 7527
          id: cet-5159
      author: sauro
       title: Microsoft Word - 476hernandez.docx
        date: 2015-04-25
       words: 2657
      flesch: 45
     summary: It is acknowledged that the sensitivity of ignition is dependent on the minimum ignition energy, minimum ignition temperature and minimum explosible concentration, while the severity of explosion can be thought of in terms of maximum explosion pressure and maximum rate of pressure rise (Cashdollar, 1996). Results and discussion 3.1 The effect of oxy-fuel atmosphere on minimum ignition energy The experiments were carried out to determine the minimum ignition energy (MIE) of South African in oxy-fuel atmosphere, with the oxygen mole fraction in the range of (20-50 %).
    keywords: coal; concentration; energy; explosion; ignition; maximum; pressure
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        item: #6931 of 7527
          id: cet-516
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-516
        date: 2018-07-19
       words: 3211
      flesch: 51
     summary: Ridoutt B.G., Pfister S., 2010, A revised approach to water footprinting to make transparent the impacts of consumption and production on global freshwater scarcity, Global Environmental Change, 20(1), 113-120. Steen-Olsen K., Weinzettel J., Cranston G., Ercin A.E., Hertwich E.G., 2012, Carbon, land, and water footprint accounts for the European Union: consumption, production, and displacements through international trade, Environmental Science & Technology, 46(20), 10883-10891. Zhang F., Zhan J., Li Z., Jia S., Chen S., 2017a, Impacts of urban transformation on water footprint and sustainable energy in Shanghai, China, Journal of Cleaner Production, DOI: 10.1016/j.jclepro.2017.08.157.
    keywords: energy; footprint; hoekstra; production; publications; research; water
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        item: #6932 of 7527
          id: cet-5160
      author: sauro
       title: Microsoft Word - 476hernandez.docx
        date: 2015-04-25
       words: 2958
      flesch: 63
     summary: In order to simply identify the cases in which FM Global seismic design is compliant with NTC 2008, the Authors propose to use the abacus in Figure 4. FM Global strength design is more conservative with respect to NTC 2008 of a factor of about 10%.
    keywords: design; ntc; seismic; strength
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        item: #6933 of 7527
          id: cet-5161
      author: sauro
       title: Microsoft Word - 476hernandez.docx
        date: 2015-04-25
       words: 2386
      flesch: 54
     summary: The onset of decomposition temperature has been calculated by zooming the variation of the derivative near the spike, as shown in Figure 3. Through the processing of the experimental data of temperature and pressure, the decomposition behavior has been evaluated in terms of gas moles ngas (Yield, Ygas, v/v) with respect to the oxygen moles nH2O2 obtained by hydrogen peroxide decomposition, by using ideal gas law and the following correlations: -50.00 -40.00 -30.00 -20.00 -10.00 0.00 10.00 20.00 30.00 40.00 50.00 65 70 75 80 d T/ d t, °C /m in Time, min H2O2 -50 -40 -30 -20 -10 0 10 20 30 40 50 70 72 74 76 78 80 d T/ d t, °C /m in Time, min AA+H2O2 -50 -40 -30 -20 -10 0 10 20 30 40 50 25 30 35 40 d T/ d t, °C /m in Time, min FA+H2O2 -500 0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 30 40 50 60 70 80 d T/ d t, °C /m in Time, min FA+H2O2 H2O2 AA+H2O2 2374 P = P − P − P (6) Y = ⁄
    keywords: acid; decomposition; h2o2; min; peroxy; temperature
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        item: #6934 of 7527
          id: cet-5162
      author: sauro
       title: Microsoft Word - 476hernandez.docx
        date: 2015-04-25
       words: 3993
      flesch: 42
     summary: Industriale - Università di Pisa, Largo Lucio Lazzarino, 56126, Pisa, Italy gabriele.landucci@unipi.it A simplified methodology was developed for the assessment of fire protection barriers and to support the Quantitative Risk Assessment (QRA) of industrial facilities. In the following, a simplified methodology for the assessment of fire protection barriers is presented and applied to a case-study.
    keywords: assessment; barriers; equipment; escalation; failure; fire; protection; scenario; time; vessel
       cache: cet-5162.pdf
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        item: #6935 of 7527
          id: cet-5163
      author: sauro
       title: Microsoft Word - 476hernandez.docx
        date: 2015-04-25
       words: 3815
      flesch: 43
     summary: Furthermore, a systematic and quantitative assessment of safety measures contribution to the reduction of plant residual risk was included in the analysis. The case study demonstrated the effectiveness of the method in quickly detecting weaknesses in IPL design, enabling decision-makers to take prompt actions to keep plant residual risk under control.
    keywords: analysis; assessment; chemical; evaluation; factor; lopa; methodology; plant; risk; safety; scenario
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        item: #6936 of 7527
          id: cet-5164
      author: sauro
       title: Microsoft Word - 476hernandez.docx
        date: 2015-04-25
       words: 3398
      flesch: 35
     summary: In materials with an high gas fractions (i.e. high porosity), such as the silica blanket, the radiative contribution to apparent thermal conductivity may pay a significant role at higher temperatures, as shown by Moricone et al., 2014. The approach relies on the experimental characterization of properties such as thermal conductivity, density, porosity and thermal effect of the degradation.
    keywords: coating; conductivity; fire; fireproofing; materials; properties; protection; thermal
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        item: #6937 of 7527
          id: cet-5165
      author: sauro
       title: Microsoft Word - 476hernandez.docx
        date: 2015-04-25
       words: 2756
      flesch: 53
     summary: Feedstock recycling of polymer wastes. A publication of The Italian Association of Chemical Engineering Online at www.aidic.it/cet Chief Editors: Sauro Pierucci, Jiří J. Klemeš Copyright © 2015, AIDIC Servizi S.r.l., ISBN 978-88-95608-34-1; ISSN 2283-9216 Enhanced Feedstock Recycling of Post-Consumer Plastic Waste Aaron Akaha, Jesus Hernandez-Martinezb, Chandni Rallanb, Arthur A. Garforth*b a Chemicals Division, Research and Development Centre, Saudi Aramco, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia bSchool of Chemical Engineering and Analytical science, The University of Manchester, UK, M13 9PL arthur.garforth@manchester.ac.uk Feedstock recycling of waste plastics is becoming more crucial as a method to convert plastics back into a source of useful platform chemicals.
    keywords: hydrocracking; plastic; pressure; product; usy; waste
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        item: #6938 of 7527
          id: cet-5166
      author: sauro
       title: Microsoft Word - 476hernandez.docx
        date: 2015-04-25
       words: 3100
      flesch: 50
     summary: The majority of Norwegian WtE plants are of medium to small capacity, with the smallest national average size in Europe, namely 60 000 t/y (EC JRC IPPC Bureau, 2005). They can offer more favourable rates because of significantly higher revenues from energy sales than the ones achieved by Norwegian WtE plants.
    keywords: capacity; energy; heating; norway; norwegian; plants; waste; wte
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        item: #6939 of 7527
          id: cet-5167
      author: sauro
       title: Microsoft Word - 476hernandez.docx
        date: 2015-04-25
       words: 2237
      flesch: 52
     summary: In this study we used a synthetic MSW having the composition shown in Table 1 (Krishna et al., 2009), adding a volume of deionized water equal to 24% of MSW total weight. DOI: 10.3303/CET1543402 Please cite this article as: Al Zuahiri F., Pirozzi D., Ausiello A., Florio C., Turco M., Zuccaro G., Micoli L., Toscano G., 2015, Biogas production from solid state anaerobic digestion for municipal solid waste, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 43, 2407-2412 DOI: 10.3303/CET1543402 DOI: 10.3303/CET1543402 Please cite this article as: Al Zuahiri F., Pirozzi D., Ausiello A., Florio C., Turco M., Zuccaro G., Micoli L., Toscano G., 2015, Biogas production from solid state anaerobic digestion for municipal solid waste, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 43, 2407-2412 DOI: 10.3303/CET1543402 2407 Cuetos, M.J., Gomez, X., Otero, M., Moran, A., 2008, Anaerobic digestion of solid slaughterhouse waste (SHW) at laboratory scale: influence of co-digestion with the organic fraction of municipal solid waste (OFMSW), Biochem.
    keywords: acid; anaerobic; biogas; digestion; ethanol; inoculum
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        item: #6940 of 7527
          id: cet-5168
      author: sauro
       title: Microsoft Word - 476hernandez.docx
        date: 2015-04-25
       words: 3340
      flesch: 47
     summary: Donelli F., Girolimetto M., 2014, Analysis of operating parameters and recovery efficiency of Rare Earths in based clays systems, Master Dissertation, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italia, in Italian. However, 70 - 90 % of the Lanthanum is recovered and also in this step a strong improvement is obtained, considering the values of release efficiency of 30 % obtained with natural clays (Iannicelli Zubiani et al., 2013).
    keywords: clay; lanthanum; polymer; recovery; release; stx; uptake
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        item: #6941 of 7527
          id: cet-5169
      author: sauro
       title: Microsoft Word - 476hernandez.docx
        date: 2015-04-25
       words: 3271
      flesch: 57
     summary: Figure 4 presents the variation of received heat flux on/by the target according to the distance from RP at the maximum emitted heat flux (118 kW/m²). The inclinations of panels can be modified to concentrate radiative heat flux on test sample.
    keywords: fire; flux; heat; ignition; material; pmma; rapaces; rate; scale; time
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        item: #6942 of 7527
          id: cet-517
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-517
        date: 2018-07-19
       words: 2433
      flesch: 49
     summary: Namely, the existing correlations describing heat transfer coefficients in the shell and tube heat exchangers are inaccurate because they are calculated with errors at values ranging from 10 to 40 % (Ullmann’s Encyclopedia, 1988). Figure 2: Theoretically assumed (curve 1) and numerically reproduced (curve 2) variation of the thermal resistance of fouling in time for heat exchanger No. 11 from Figure 5 (Markowski et al., 2013) 4.
    keywords: control; exchanger; fouling; heat; hen; process; transfer
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        item: #6943 of 7527
          id: cet-5170
      author: sauro
       title: Microsoft Word - 476hernandez.docx
        date: 2015-04-25
       words: 2270
      flesch: 56
     summary: Moreover, for the concentration of 50 mg/L it was observed a direct relationship between the amount of inoculums and the reduction capacity, higher amount of inoculums produced higher reduction. Inoculum had a population of approximately 12x108 CFU/mL. Results suggest the occurrence of reduction in all the samples studied.
    keywords: chromium; reduction; tests
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        item: #6944 of 7527
          id: cet-5171
      author: sauro
       title: Microsoft Word - 476hernandez.docx
        date: 2015-04-25
       words: 3749
      flesch: 49
     summary: Barbato P.S., Landi G., Russo G., 2013 b , Catalytic combustion of CH4-H2-CO mixtures at pressure up to 10 bar, Fuel Processing Technolology, 107, 147–154. Barbato P.S., Di Sarli V., Landi G., Di Benedetto A., 2015, High pressure methane catalytic combustion over novel partially coated LaMnO3-based monoliths, Chem. Formulations in which A sites are occupied by La or La-Sr and B sites are occupied by Co, Fe, o Mn (Arai et al., 1986) are claimed as the most active phases for methane combustion, Mn-based perovskite providing the best performance (Saracco et al., 1999).
    keywords: barbato; co2; combustion; ignition; methane; pressure
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        item: #6945 of 7527
          id: cet-5172
      author: sauro
       title: Microsoft Word - 476hernandez.docx
        date: 2015-04-25
       words: 3258
      flesch: 50
     summary: The production of expanded glass starts with ultra-fine grinding of the recycling glass. Expanded glass is used in dry mortar, panels and lightweight concrete as functional lightweight aggregate in construction chemical products and mineral casting.
    keywords: agent; elements; energy; glass; material; process; production; separation
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        item: #6946 of 7527
          id: cet-5173
      author: sauro
       title: Microsoft Word - 476hernandez.docx
        date: 2015-04-25
       words: 2731
      flesch: 40
     summary: The statistic value of the t Student test of polyaniline is the highest among the other components, so it appears that this component will determine the electrical conductivity of the composite, but the statistic value of the t Student test of the interaction between the graphite polyaniline and [AB (A-B)] is the largest, making this interaction the responsible for producing a composite with higher electrical conductivity. The method is based on the experimental design of mixtures with graphite, polyaniline and epoxy resin acting as system components and electrical conductivity as the response variable.
    keywords: components; composite; conductivity; electrical; electrode; epoxy; graphite; polyaniline
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        item: #6947 of 7527
          id: cet-5174
      author: sauro
       title: Microsoft Word - 476hernandez.docx
        date: 2015-04-25
       words: 3275
      flesch: 48
     summary: S, N and Cl contents in eucalyptus stumps were lower than those usually found in forestry biomass and in other eucalyptus stumps, Gominho et al. No operational problems were observed during eucalyptus stumps gasification in presence of air and steam.
    keywords: air; biomass; combustion; contents; eucalyptus; figure; gasification; stumps; temperature
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        item: #6948 of 7527
          id: cet-5175
      author: sauro
       title: Microsoft Word - 476hernandez.docx
        date: 2015-04-25
       words: 3516
      flesch: 36
     summary: The actions developed by the company demanded considerable investments in the years 2006-2012, however, these practices enabled the company to obtain revenue from the sale of carbon credits, Table 1. Table 1: Investments and revenue from CDM projects Year CDM Investment (U$) Carbon Credit Revenue (U$) 2006 3,944,954 1,402,294 2007 1,948,718 948,718 2008 1,803,279 2,786,885 2009 800,000 2,157,000 2010 1,250,000 609,302 2011 958,084 628,743 2012 994,765 553,208 TOTAL 11,699,800 9,086,150 2457 It is observed in the results presented that investments in CDM provided the accumulation of carbon credit, which were sold and generated revenues. In many countries CO2 emissions have been growing significantly in recent years, despite the limits imposed by the Kyoto Protocol (Aichele and Felbermayr, 2013), in contrast, environmental awareness along with development has caused many companies to start investing in sustainability by participating in CDM projects based on the Kyoto protocol, which brought the opportunity to generate and sell carbon credits from investments in technological innovations for companies to reduce the emission of greenhouse gases in their production processes DOI: 10.3303/CET1543410 Please cite this article as: Gabbi A., Godoy L., Bittencourt S.A.M., Sellitto M., Basso R., 2015, Measurement of the results of investments in clean development mechanisms and carbon credit generation, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 43, 2455-2460 DOI: 10.3303/CET1543410 DOI: 10.3303/CET1543410 Please cite this article as: Gabbi A., Godoy L., Bittencourt S.A.M., Sellitto M., Basso R., 2015, Measurement of the results of investments in clean development mechanisms and carbon credit generation, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 43, 2455-2460 DOI: 10.3303/CET1543410 2455 (Parnphumeesup and Kerr, 2011).
    keywords: carbon; cdm; company; credits; investments; measurement; performance; projects; results
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        item: #6949 of 7527
          id: cet-5176
      author: sauro
       title: Microsoft Word - 476hernandez.docx
        date: 2015-04-25
       words: 3258
      flesch: 45
     summary: DOI: 10.3303/CET1543411 Please cite this article as: Musmarra D., Karatza D., Lancia A., Prisciandaro M., Mazziotti Di Celso G., 2015, A comparison among different sorbents for mercury adsorption from flue gas, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 43, 2461-2466 DOI: 10.3303/CET1543411 DOI: 10.3303/CET1543411 Please cite this article as: Musmarra D., Karatza D., Lancia A., Prisciandaro M., Mazziotti Di Celso G., 2015, A comparison among different sorbents for mercury adsorption from flue gas, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 43, 2461-2466 DOI: 10.3303/CET1543411 2461 A simulated flue gas, at the required temperature and Hg0 concentration, was produced and mercury adsorption on fixed bed was carried out.
    keywords: adsorption; carbon; darco; flue; g60; gas; karatza; mercury
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        item: #6950 of 7527
          id: cet-5177
      author: sauro
       title: Microsoft Word - 476hernandez.docx
        date: 2015-04-25
       words: 2379
      flesch: 49
     summary: Shimiao D., Eun-Sik K., Alla A., Hiroshi N., Yang L., Mohamed G. E.-D., 2014, Treatment of oil sands process- affected water by submerged ceramic membrane microfiltration system, Separation and Purification Technology, 138, 198-209. chikhi_mustapha@yahoo.fr Recovery of penicillin V in wastewater from a membrane microfiltration process, aims to minimize the pharmaceutical pollution in our discharges.
    keywords: penicillin; permeate; time
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        item: #6951 of 7527
          id: cet-5178
      author: sauro
       title: Microsoft Word - 476hernandez.docx
        date: 2015-04-25
       words: 3905
      flesch: 45
     summary: The results independency on meshing criteria has been checked comparing the result of a sample grid simulating the empty AL with an initial uniform H2S concentration of 25000 ppm to the results of a coarser and a finer grid. A scaled model have been realized and analyzed using CO2 as tracing gas to determine the concentration field; even if the realization constraints above mentioned do not allow for a full scaling of all the involved variables, fluid-dynamic conditions have been set to reproduce real AL purging capabilities as close as possible.
    keywords: air; cfd; concentration; gas; h2s; model; personnel; results; simulation
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        item: #6952 of 7527
          id: cet-5179
      author: sauro
       title: Microsoft Word - 476hernandez.docx
        date: 2015-04-25
       words: 3511
      flesch: 39
     summary: The CSA cements are very interesting hydraulic binders inasmuch as they can couple the engineering properties useful for structural applications with environmentally friendly characteristics of their manufacturing cycle (Marroccoli et al., 2010a), such as low synthesis temperature and limestone requirement as well as reduced thermal input to the kiln and CO2 generation (Marroccoli et al., 2010b). In particular, the utilization of fluidized bed combustion (FBC) residues, which generally have a low potential for the reuse in the traditional fields of employment [e.g., ordinary cements and concrete (Montagnaro et al., 2005)], due to both the poor pozzolanic behaviour and the exothermal/expansive phenomena occurring during their hydration (which also complicate the landfill disposal), is worthy of consideration (Marroccoli et al., 2009).
    keywords: calcium; ettringite; telesca; valenti
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        item: #6953 of 7527
          id: cet-518
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-518
        date: 2018-07-19
       words: 2809
      flesch: 41
     summary: Quality and cost value of the final product, as well as the service life of the equipment and industrial safety level, depend on the efficiency of water management systems. 3. Local system for steam generating, and collecting and processing of condensate Energy saving issues are mainly resolved in steam generation and hot water supply systems.
    keywords: cals; chemical; condensate; figure; steam; supply; system; treatment; water
       cache: cet-518.pdf
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        item: #6954 of 7527
          id: cet-5180
      author: sauro
       title: Microsoft Word - 476hernandez.docx
        date: 2015-04-25
       words: 4246
      flesch: 36
     summary: Tagliafico L.A., Scarpa F., Tagliafico G., Valsuani F., 2012a, An approach to energy saving assessment of solar assisted heat pumps for swimming pool water heating, Energy and Buildings 55, 833-840. Solar energy based systems may play a positive role in integrating and phasing out fossil fuels, so reducing the risk connected to different accident scenarios (Palazzi et al., 2013) and consequently process accidents and near-misses (Fabiano and Currò, 2012).
    keywords: compressor; control; energy; heat; pump; sahp; system; temperature; water
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        item: #6955 of 7527
          id: cet-5181
      author: sauro
       title: Microsoft Word - 476hernandez.docx
        date: 2015-04-25
       words: 3490
      flesch: 39
     summary: A detailed study on concentration fluctuations and time series is presented yielding reliable information on the influence of the different source types and flow rates. From an experimental point of view, many studies have been devoted to the statistical analysis of time series pertaining to concentration fluctuations of pollutants whose diffusion is subject to natural or artificial obstacles and meteorological cycles.
    keywords: analysis; concentration; data; figure; fluctuations; gas; process; time; tracer; tunnel
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        item: #6956 of 7527
          id: cet-5182
      author: sauro
       title: Microsoft Word - 476hernandez.docx
        date: 2015-04-25
       words: 3587
      flesch: 38
     summary: DOI: 10.1080/13669877.2014.919515 Paltrinieri, N., Scarponi, G. E., Khan, F.I., Hauge, S., 2014c, Addressing Dynamic Risk in the Petroleum Industry by Means of Innovative Analysis Solutions. 2500 Figure 3: Bow-tie diagram as a starting point for representative example of Risk Barometer dynamic approach.
    keywords: analysis; assessment; doi; paltrinieri; process; risk; safety
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        item: #6957 of 7527
          id: cet-5183
      author: sauro
       title: Microsoft Word - 61millet.doc
        date: 2014-09-17
       words: 3185
      flesch: 40
     summary: 3D printing technology is still evolving rapidly and electrochemical cells design can benefit from this technology: flow cells can be designed and constructed in a single day, a complete electrolyte compartment with a built in turbulence promoter can be manufactured. The 3D printed flow cell operates well and its global mass transport behaviour is comparable to traditional flow cells.
    keywords: cell; doi; electrolyte; flow; manufacturing; mass; printing; technology
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        item: #6958 of 7527
          id: cet-5184
      author: sauro
       title: Microsoft Word - 61millet.doc
        date: 2014-09-17
       words: 3693
      flesch: 43
     summary: PEM water electrolysis cells use thin (150 – 250 μm thick) proton-conducting membranes. In order to increase the production capacity of the electrolyser, individual PEM cells are stacked together in a filter-press configuration.
    keywords: cell; design; electrolysis; energy; figure; flow; hydrogen; liquid; pem; stack; water
       cache: cet-5184.pdf
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        item: #6959 of 7527
          id: cet-5185
      author: sauro
       title: Microsoft Word - 61millet.doc
        date: 2014-09-17
       words: 3649
      flesch: 46
     summary: The electrocatalytic composite materials were fully characterized and tested in the electrocatatalytic process of CO2 conversion in gas phase. The electrodes for this type of operation are also conceptually different from those used in the liquid phase for CO2 conversion.
    keywords: ampelli; cmp; co2; conversion; energy; fuels; gas; phase
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        item: #6960 of 7527
          id: cet-5186
      author: sauro
       title: Microsoft Word - 61millet.doc
        date: 2014-09-17
       words: 4252
      flesch: 55
     summary: In this study I extend our previous short communication (Hodnik et al., 2012) with results on the Pt nano- particle size dependant MOR activity and explain in more depth our basic approach for the explanation of MOR activity of the Pt-based catalyst. The same trend was also shown Pt-alloy nanoparticles (Hodnik et al., 2012).
    keywords: et al; platinum; surface; water
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        item: #6961 of 7527
          id: cet-5187
      author: sauro
       title: Microsoft Word - 61millet.doc
        date: 2014-09-17
       words: 4060
      flesch: 47
     summary: Furthermore, the regeneration rate of silver(II) on BDD anode is approximately equal to that obtained on platinum coated titanium anode for the same hydrodynamic conditions in the tubular reactor. In fact, Ferro et al. (2000) showed by comparison of current-potential curves for chlorine and oxygen evolution that under the same acidic condition (pH = 3.5) the faradaic yield for chlorine evolution was very high on BDD anode.
    keywords: anode; bdd; chloride; current; l-1; mol; rate
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        item: #6962 of 7527
          id: cet-5188
      author: sauro
       title: Microsoft Word - 61millet.doc
        date: 2014-09-17
       words: 3689
      flesch: 51
     summary: To avoid the supply of electric energy to the system, both the utilization of microbial fuel cells (Feng et al., 2010b) or reverse electrodialysis processes was proposed (Cusick et al., 2012; Scialdone et al., 2012; Scialdone et al., 2013b). The treatment of wastewaters contaminated by AO7 was here carried out by EF route driven by electrolysis processes in conventional and microfluidic reactors, by microbial fuel cell and reverse electrodialysis processes.
    keywords: ao7; cathode; cell; process; processes; scialdone; treatment
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        item: #6963 of 7527
          id: cet-5189
      author: sauro
       title: Microsoft Word - 61millet.doc
        date: 2014-09-17
       words: 3340
      flesch: 51
     summary: 3.2 Deposit Characterisation Figure 3 shows profilometry of copper deposits plated on a nickel substrate with a 1 x 5 mm rectangle of exposed copper anode surface Figure 3 – Profilometry of deposited copper features on a nickel substrate with 1 x 5 mm of anode feature. It was found that plating using long current pulses with bursts of ultrasound during the off-time provided the most stable potential response, reduced the deposit roughness and improved the adherence of the copper feature to the substrate.
    keywords: copper; current; deposit; electrode; gap; ilim; plating; time
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        item: #6964 of 7527
          id: cet-519
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-519
        date: 2018-07-19
       words: 3885
      flesch: 43
     summary: Thermal hygienization 2.1 Worldwide regulations on hygienization of biowastes Many countries and authorities impose imperatively, prior to the transformation units, a thermal pasteurisation unit of biowastes. Table 2: Literature review of mild thermal pretreatment related to methane yield enhancement of biowastes Authors, year Operational condition Origin of the substrates AD process BMP enhancement Edström et al., 2003 70 °C, 1 h ABP MAD
    keywords: anaerobic; biowastes; digestion; energy; hygienization; methane; pretreatment; production; sludge
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        item: #6965 of 7527
          id: cet-5190
      author: sauro
       title: Microsoft Word - 61millet.doc
        date: 2014-09-17
       words: 3046
      flesch: 51
     summary: Future work will investigate dissolution processes at elevated temperature. Rotating ring disk electrode experiments were also conducted in order to determine if a recovery process from halide solution would be possible.
    keywords: dissolution; electrode; figure; ring; ruthenium; solutions
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        item: #6966 of 7527
          id: cet-5191
      author: sauro
       title: Microsoft Word - 61millet.doc
        date: 2014-09-17
       words: 3341
      flesch: 49
     summary: As concluded previously due to the kinetic limitation of overall process and specific insulating properties of the surface layer current peak A(II) is less visible in the case of FeSi and pure iron electrodes than A(I) one at low temperatures and for all electrodes at high temperatures (Hives et al., 2008a). The highest current densities are observed for pure iron electrode.
    keywords: electrochemical; electrode; iron; peak; potential; temperature
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        item: #6967 of 7527
          id: cet-5192
      author: sauro
       title: Microsoft Word - 61millet.doc
        date: 2014-09-17
       words: 2605
      flesch: 60
     summary: Results of the techniques indicate that the potential range to carry out the reduction of Ti are between -0.5 and -0.6V vs SCE for CX clay and the reduction of the Fe is performed between -0.6 and-1.3V vs SCE for AAM clay. Finally it is appreciated that the titanium oxide content is lesser in the AAM than in CX clay sample.
    keywords: aam; clay; electrode; figure; potential; sce
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        item: #6968 of 7527
          id: cet-5193
      author: sauro
       title: Microsoft Word - 61millet.doc
        date: 2014-09-17
       words: 2848
      flesch: 61
     summary: Zn depleted solution 65 The FAST® Pb cell is really unconventional. The development stages are quite different: The EZINEX® cell was tested in an industrial plant producing 2000 t/y of zinc from the electric arc furnace dusts produced in a steel plant, the Fluoborate cell has been tested in a demonstration plant producing 2000 t/y of lead from lead concentrates, the FAST® Pb cell is quite recent and under development in a pilot plant operating at our lab.
    keywords: cell; process; reaction
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        item: #6969 of 7527
          id: cet-5194
      author: sauro
       title: Microsoft Word - 61millet.doc
        date: 2014-09-17
       words: 3192
      flesch: 46
     summary: If the previous work experimentally demonstrated the validity of a lithium withdrawal from synthetic solutions containing the Co2+ cation, this paper reports the influence of the medium acidity and of the organic carbonates present in the Li-ion battery on the LiMn2O4 intercalation properties and describe the investigations of lithium transfer from a real industrial liquid waste (sulphuric leachate of a Black Mass). These preparations make ETJ very promising for a new recycling process of metal values from spent lithium-ion (LIBs) or lithium metal batteries.
    keywords: etj; figure; intercalation; limn2o4; lithium; mass; transfer
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        item: #6970 of 7527
          id: cet-5195
      author: sauro
       title: Microsoft Word - 61millet.doc
        date: 2014-09-17
       words: 3479
      flesch: 51
     summary: However no catalytic improvement of single metal NP’s over the bulk metal has been reported yet for benzyl bromide reduction. 2.2 Surface and electrochemical characterization of deposited nanoparticles The activity of the deposited electrodes towards benzyl bromide reduction was assessed using cyclic voltammetry (CV).
    keywords: activity; benzyl; electrode; nucleation; potential; reduction
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        item: #6971 of 7527
          id: cet-5196
      author: sauro
       title: Microsoft Word - 61millet.doc
        date: 2014-09-29
       words: 3405
      flesch: 45
     summary: To the best of our knowledge, the functionalization of gold electrodes using ionic liquids as solvents, has not been reported up to now. 2.3 Modification and characterization of gold electrodes Prior to modification, gold electrodes were manually polished with water and acetone on a cloth polishing pad and then submitted to 70 voltammetric cycles (-0.45 / 1.4 V, scan rate 100 mV/s) in 0.2 M phosphate buffer at pH 7.
    keywords: acetonitrile; electrochemical; electrode; gold; ionic; liquid; nbd; reduction; scan; surface
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        item: #6972 of 7527
          id: cet-5197
      author: sauro
       title: Microsoft Word - 61millet.doc
        date: 2014-09-17
       words: 3037
      flesch: 45
     summary: The aim of this work is to study theoretically the regularities of mask electrochemical machining on the basis of recent achievements in the field of modeling of electrochemical machining (Hinduja and Kunieda, 2013). Qian Sh., Zhu D., Qu N., Li H., Yan D., 2010, Generating micro-dimples array on the hard chrome-coated surface by modified through mask electrochemical micromachining, International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology 47, 1121-1127.
    keywords: areas; current; elements; machining; mask; surface; time; workpiece
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        item: #6973 of 7527
          id: cet-5198
      author: sauro
       title: Microsoft Word - 61millet.doc
        date: 2014-09-17
       words: 3091
      flesch: 43
     summary: The aim of this work is to develop the methods of numerical simulation of wire electrochemical machining with regard for possible topological changes in the workpiece surface and to study various schemes of DOI: 10.3303/CET1441016 Please cite this article as: Volgin V., Do D., Davydov A., 2014, Modeling of wire electrochemical machining, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 41, 91-96 DOI: 10.3303/CET1441016 91 formation of typical features (slits and openings of various shapes). For the scheme of wire electrochemical machining (Figure 1), in the case that the polarization of electrodes can be ignored, the boundary conditions for the dimensionless potential should be as follows:
    keywords: boundary; electrode; machining; surface; tool; wire; workpiece
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        item: #6974 of 7527
          id: cet-5199
      author: sauro
       title: Microsoft Word - 61millet.doc
        date: 2014-09-17
       words: 4081
      flesch: 45
     summary: The mechanisms of electrochemical reduction of Tantalum(V) depends strongly on the composition of the bath; using TaF5 as metal salt, two cathodic peaks due to Ta(V)/Ta(III) and Ta(III)/Ta reduction were observed. Introduction The electrochemistry of refractory metals (IVB, VB and VIB groups) has been widely studied in molten salts to optimize the cathodic deposition process of these metals.
    keywords: electrode; gold; metals; peak; platinum; reduction
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        item: #6975 of 7527
          id: cet-520
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-520
        date: 2018-07-19
       words: 3262
      flesch: 54
     summary: The second main possibility of recovery LNG regasification waste energy, and the one this paper focuses on, relates to its use in power cycles. (in French) Choi I.H., Lee S., Seo Y., Chang D., 2013, Analysis and optimization of cascade Rankine cycle for liquefied natural gas cold energy recovery, Energy, 61, 179–195. Franco A., Casarosa C., 2015, Thermodynamic analysis of direct expansion configurations for electricity production by LNG cold energy recovery, Applied Thermal Engineering, 78, 649–657.
    keywords: cost; cycle; efficiency; energy; gas; heat; lng; optimization; table
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        item: #6976 of 7527
          id: cet-5200
      author: sauro
       title: Microsoft Word - 61millet.doc
        date: 2014-09-17
       words: 3505
      flesch: 48
     summary: Souza, F.L., Sáez, C., Cañizares, P., Motheo, A.J., Rodrigo, M.A., 2014, Coupling photo and sono technologies to improve efficiencies in conductive diamond electrochemical oxidation. In this way, several authors (Pinhedo et al., 2005, Osugi et al., 2005, Socha et al., 2007, Freitas et al., 2011) propose that the combination of photo and electrolysis technologies leads to a synergistic effect due to photoactivation of electrochemically generated reactive species, increasing also the yield by photolysis (Catanho et al., 2006, Socha et al., 2006).
    keywords: caffeine; cañizares; cdeo; diamond; et al; oxidation; triclosan
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        item: #6977 of 7527
          id: cet-5201
      author: sauro
       title: Microsoft Word - 61millet.doc
        date: 2014-09-17
       words: 2701
      flesch: 45
     summary: This is an emerging group of technologies that tries to combine the advantages of the electrokinetic soil flushing technology (EKSF) and biological soil remediation processes. Introduction Many different technologies can be applied for the remediation of polluted soils (Gan et al., 2009; Mulligan et al., 2001; Yeung and Gu, 2011).
    keywords: bioremediation; ebr; eksf; single; soil; test; treatment
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        item: #6978 of 7527
          id: cet-5202
      author: sauro
       title: Microsoft Word - 61millet.doc
        date: 2014-09-17
       words: 3510
      flesch: 43
     summary: Nam K.W., Kim K.B., 2006, Manganese oxide film electrodes prepared by electrostatic spray deposition for electrochemical capacitors, J. Electrochem. 41, 2014 A publication of The Italian Association of Chemical Engineering www.aidic.it/cet Guest Editors: Simonetta Palmas, Michele Mascia, Annalisa Vacca Copyright © 2014, AIDIC Servizi S.r.l., ISBN 978-88-95608-32-7; ISSN 2283-9216 Production and Characterization of Manganese Oxide- Based Electrodes for Anodic Oxidation of Organic Compounds Giovanni Sotgiua, Matteo Foderàb, Francesco Marrab, Elisabetta Petruccib* a Dipartimento di Ingegneria, Università di Roma Tre, Via Vito Volterra, 62 - 00146, Roma b Dipartimento di Ingegneria Chimica Materiali Ambiente, Università degli Studi di Roma “La Sapienza”,Via Eudossiana, 18 - 00184, Roma *elisabetta.petrucci@uniroma1.it Preliminary results concerning the fabrication and use of manganese oxide thin film electrodes are presented.
    keywords: chlorine; dye; electrode; films; materials; oxide; treatment; type
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        item: #6979 of 7527
          id: cet-5203
      author: sauro
       title: Microsoft Word - 61millet.doc
        date: 2014-09-17
       words: 3052
      flesch: 40
     summary: 3. Results and discussion 3.1 Effect of operating parameters on dye decolorization A large number of tests were performed to evaluate the effect of the main operating parameters on the degradation efficiency. 100 mL of dye solution were treated in each run.
    keywords: decolorization; dye; dyes; effect; rg19
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        item: #6980 of 7527
          id: cet-5204
      author: sauro
       title: Microsoft Word - 61millet.doc
        date: 2014-09-17
       words: 3106
      flesch: 44
     summary: AOX concentration is not a 129 Figure 2: THM formation 0.5 (left) and 24 h (right) after experiments in the discontinuous cell at 200 A m-2 and at flow rate of 0.2 m³ h-1 using tap water and electrode material A, 30°C. parameter in rules for drinking water but the relatively high concentration measured is probably an indication that AOX should be additionally controlled in drinking water regulation. Partially, at higher specific charge flow passed, THM concentration exceeded the limiting value of 50 µg dm-3.
    keywords: chemical; chlorine; concentration; dm-3; drinking; formation; research; thm; water
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        item: #6981 of 7527
          id: cet-5205
      author: sauro
       title: Microsoft Word - 61millet.doc
        date: 2014-09-17
       words: 3502
      flesch: 40
     summary: References APHA–AWWA–WPCF, 1998, Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater (seventeenth ed.), Washington, DC, USA. Cañizares, P., Carmona, M., Lobato, J., Martínez, F., Rodrigo, M.A., 2005, Electrodissolution of Aluminum Electrodes in Electrocoagulation Processes, Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Research, 44, 4178- 4185, DOI: 10.1021/ie048858a Cañizares, P., Sáez, C., Sánchez-Carretero, A., Rodrigo, M.A., 2009, Synthesis of novel oxidants by electrochemical technology, Journal of Applied Electrochemistry, 11, 2143-2149, DOI: 10.1007/s10800-009-9792-7 Cano, A., Cañizares, P., Barrera-Díaz, C., Sáez, C., Rodrigo, M.A., 2012, Use of conductive-diamond electrochemical-oxidation for the disinfection of several actual treated wastewaters, Chemical Engineering Journal, 211, 463-469, DOI: 10.1016/j.cej.2012.09.071 Cotillas, S., Llanos, J., Cañizares, P., Mateo, S., Rodrigo, M.A., 2013, Optimization of an integrated electrodisinfection/electrocoagulation process with Al bipolar electrodes for urban wastewater reclamation, Water Research, 47, 1741-1750, DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2012.12.029 Cotillas, S., Llanos, J., Miranda, O.G., Díaz-Trujillo, G.C., Cañizares, P., Rodrigo, M.A., 2014, Coupling UV irradiation and electrocoagulation for reclamation of urban wastewater, Electrochimica Acta, In press, DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2014.04.037 Cotillas, S., Sánchez-Carretero, A., Cañizares, P., Sáez, C., Rodrigo, M.A., 2011, Electrochemical synthesis of peroxyacetic acid using conductive diamond electrodes, Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Research, 18, 10889-10893, DOI: 10.1021/ie2009422 Llanos, J., Cotillas, S., Cañizares, P., Rodrigo, M.A., 2014, Effect of bipolar electrode material on the reclamation of urban wastewater by an integrated electrodisinfection/electrocoagulation process, Water Research, 53, 329-338, DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2014.01.041 Panizza, M., Cerisola, G., 2006, Olive mill wastewater treatment by anodic oxidation with parallel plate electrodes, Water Research, 40, 1179-1184, DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2006.01.020 Rodrigo, M.A., Cañizares, P., Buitrón, C., Sáez, C., 2010, Electrochemical technologies for the regeneration of urban wastewaters, Electrochimica Acta, 55, 8160-8164, DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2010.01.053 Sáez, C., Cañizares, P., Llanos, J., Rodrigo, M.A., 2013, The Treatment of Actual Industrial Wastewaters Using Electrochemical Techniques, Electrocatalysis, 4, 252-258, DOI: 10.1007/s12678-013-0136-3 Zaleschi, L, Sáez, C., Cañizares, P., Cretescu, I., Rodrigo, M.A., 2013, Electrochemical coagulation of treated wastewaters for reuse, 51, 3381-3388, DOI:10.1080/19443994.2012.749192 Zongo, I., Hama Maiga, A., Wéthé, J., Valentin, G., Leclerc, J-P., Paternotte, G., Lapicque, F., 2009, Electrocoagulation for the treatment of textile wastewaters with Al or Fe electrodes: Compared variations of COD levels, turbidity and absorbance, Journal of Hazardous Materials, 169, 70-76, DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2009.03.072 138 Urban wastewater present significant concentration of chlorides in their composition and these species are susceptible of being oxidized on the anode surface favouring the generation of hypochlorite.
    keywords: aluminium; concentration; electrocoagulation; hypochlorite; process; species; urban; wastewater
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        item: #6982 of 7527
          id: cet-5206
      author: sauro
       title: Microsoft Word - 61millet.doc
        date: 2014-09-17
       words: 2916
      flesch: 52
     summary: 41, 2014 A publication of The Italian Association of Chemical Engineering www.aidic.it/cet Guest Editors: Simonetta Palmas, Michele Mascia, Annalisa Vacca Copyright © 2014, AIDIC Servizi S.r.l., ISBN 978-88-95608-32-7; ISSN 2283-9216 Utilization of Reverse Electrodialysis Processes for the Abatement of Pollutants in Water Onofrio Scialdone, Adriana D’Angelo*, Elisa De Lumè, Alessandro Galia Dipartimento di Ingegneria Chimica, Gestionale, Informatica, Meccanica, Università degli Studi di Palermo, Palermo, Italy adriana.dangelo@unipa.it The simultaneous generation of electric energy and the treatment of waters contaminated by Cr(VI) was carried out by reverse electrodialysis processes using salinity gradients. 142 4. Conclusions The effect of the nature of the cathode on the treatment of Cr(VI) by reverse electrodialysis processes was studied using carbon felt, reticulated vitreous carbon or compact graphite cathode.
    keywords: carbon; cathode; cr(vi; electrodialysis; figure; reduction; solutions
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        item: #6983 of 7527
          id: cet-5207
      author: sauro
       title: Microsoft Word - 61millet.doc
        date: 2014-09-17
       words: 3386
      flesch: 52
     summary: Gonzalez del Campo A., Cañizares P., Rodrigo M.A., Fernandez F.J., Lobato J., 2013, Microbial fuel cell with an algae-assisted cathode: A preliminary assessment. He Z., Angenent L.T., 2006, Application of bacterial biocathodes in microbial fuel cells, Electroanalysis 18 (19-20), 2009-2015.
    keywords: algae; biofilm; cathode; cathodic; cell; electrode; formation; mfc; oxygen
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        item: #6984 of 7527
          id: cet-5208
      author: sauro
       title: Microsoft Word - 61millet.doc
        date: 2014-09-17
       words: 1867
      flesch: 58
     summary: Transport model The advection-dispersion equation is used to model transport problem + (− ∇ + ) 41, 2014 A publication of The Italian Association of Chemical Engineering www.aidic.it/cet Guest Editors: Simonetta Palmas, Michele Mascia, Annalisa Vacca Copyright © 2014, AIDIC Servizi S.r.l., ISBN 978-88-95608-32-7; ISSN 2283-9216 Three-dimensional Modelling of Reactive Solutes Transport in Porous Media Ouacil Saouli*a, Mosaab Bencheikh Lehocineb a Unité de recherche URSMA, Constantine University, Algeria b Laboratoire LIPE, Constantine University 3, Algeria saouli_ouacil2000@yahoo.fr The simulation of solutes transport in porous media is of importance in many disciplines including CO2 sequestration simulations, the evaluation of underground water quality, nuclear waste simulations, and petroleum reservoir engineering.
    keywords: chemical; concentrations; method; transport
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        item: #6985 of 7527
          id: cet-5209
      author: sauro
       title: Microsoft Word - 61millet.doc
        date: 2014-09-17
       words: 3248
      flesch: 47
     summary: The influence of operating parameters that play an important role in the electrokinetic process, such as effect of the electrolyte and applied current density were investigated 2. Materials and Methods 2.1 Preparation of soil samples Sample of soil was collected from Northeast Brazilian gas & oil station. The soil was spiked with commercial diesel fuel by introducing a pollutant solution of diesel fuel (10 mL) in n-hexane (20 mL) into soil samples (1 Kg) to obtain a representative contaminant concentration for soil.
    keywords: anode; cathode; organic; remediation; removal; soil
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        item: #6986 of 7527
          id: cet-521
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-521
        date: 2018-07-19
       words: 3252
      flesch: 49
     summary: Furthermore, theoretically, the removal of both reactants in CBD process should improve the conversion ratio of acetic acid and will save operation batch time. The control variables (reboil ratio for MVD, IBD columns) and (reflux ratio in case of CBD column) are considered as piecewise constants over batch time.
    keywords: batch; benzyl; cbd; ibd; process; product; ratio; time
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        item: #6987 of 7527
          id: cet-5210
      author: sauro
       title: Microsoft Word - 61millet.doc
        date: 2014-09-17
       words: 3346
      flesch: 43
     summary: This procedure is only valid in a range of active chlorine concentrations from 0.05 to 4 mg dm-3 of ClO- (Moberg and Karlberg, 2000), so samples were diluted when necessary, and between pH 6.3 and 6.5. Figure 4 shows the comparison of active chlorine concentrations measured in the outlet stream from electrolysis both in presence and in absence of M. aeruginosa.
    keywords: algae; chlorine; dm-3; flow; rate; removal; water
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        item: #6988 of 7527
          id: cet-5211
      author: sauro
       title: Microsoft Word - 61millet.doc
        date: 2014-09-17
       words: 4081
      flesch: 36
     summary: During the life cycle analysis that will be carried out in the project, the environmental assessment of both materials (new coatings and current Cr-based coatings) will be compared. The glass-like CexOy coatings that will be industrialised in this project provide an environmentally friendly solution to the problem, providing self-healing corrosion behaviour comparable to CCC coatings apart from other required properties such as good adhesion to the substrate and to organic layers applied on top.
    keywords: cerium; chromate; coatings; corrosion; glass; life; market; process; product; project; protection
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        item: #6989 of 7527
          id: cet-5212
      author: sauro
       title: Microsoft Word - 61millet.doc
        date: 2014-09-17
       words: 3751
      flesch: 54
     summary: Introduction 1.1 Bipolar Plates The three main functions of bipolar plates are: 1. to provide stable, low resistance electrical interconnection between cells; 2. to transport reactants and products to and from the MEAs allowing efficient and safe operation; 3. to aid with the thermal management of product sized stacks. Non-porous graphite has been a traditional choice for bipolar plates as they have good electrical properties and can be machined easily on a small scale.
    keywords: carbon; cell; contact; current; design; fuel; metallic; plates; resistance; slm; stack
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        item: #6990 of 7527
          id: cet-5213
      author: sauro
       title: Microsoft Word - 61millet.doc
        date: 2014-09-17
       words: 1851
      flesch: 53
     summary: Reason of decrease of catalyst surface is agglomeration and Ostwald ripening, when small particles reduce own surface energy by the agglomeration and thus increasing particles diameter. after applying ten blocks each with 1000 cycles (right) at sweep rate 20 mV.s-1 Figure 3: histogram of distribution of particles diameter of catalyst based on pure platinum before ageing 183 Although catalyst based on pure platinum assign higher initial surface, catalyst based on platinum-cobalt alloy assign higher stability in all type of ageing.
    keywords: alloy; catalyst; diameter; particles; platinum; surface
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        item: #6991 of 7527
          id: cet-5214
      author: sauro
       title: Microsoft Word - 61millet.doc
        date: 2014-09-17
       words: 2689
      flesch: 51
     summary: The replacement of diaphragm by ion selective membrane represents one way to intensify process of alkaline water electrolysis. Beside new catalyst development the replacement of diaphragm represents promising way to intensify process of alkaline water electrolysis.
    keywords: alkaline; electrolysis; membrane; nafion; process; water
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        item: #6992 of 7527
          id: cet-5215
      author: sauro
       title: Microsoft Word - 61millet.doc
        date: 2014-09-17
       words: 3648
      flesch: 41
     summary: 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 0.001 0.01 0.1 1 En er gy y ie ld (% ) Ratio Co-adsorbent/dye BMPP GBA CDC Figure 4: Energy yield of the solar cell depending on the nature and the amount of co-adsorbent. 197 0 0.001 0.002 0.003 0.004 0.005 0.001 0.01 0.1 1 i 0 2 (A c m -2 ) Ratio Co-adsorbent/dye Electron transfer at the anode BMPP CDC GBA 4E+16 5E+16 6E+16 7E+16 8E+16 9E+16 1E+17 1.1E+17 0.001 0.01 0.1 1 n s (c m -2 ) Ratio Co-adsorbent/dye Charge carrier density in TiO2 BMPP CDC GBA 0 0.001 0.002 0.003 0.004 0.001 0.01 0.1 1 i 0 k (A c m -2 ) Ratio Co-adsorbent/dye Recombination BMPP CDC GBA 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 0.001 0.01 0.1 1 R d (O hm ) Ratio Co-adsorbent/dye Diffuson of electrons in TiO2 BMPP CDC GBA Figure 6: Variations of various electrochemical features of the cell with the co-adsorbent/dye ratio.
    keywords: adsorbent; cell; dssc; dye; figure; impedance; recombination
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        item: #6993 of 7527
          id: cet-5216
      author: sauro
       title: Microsoft Word - 61millet.doc
        date: 2014-09-17
       words: 2631
      flesch: 45
     summary: 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 0 0.005 0.01 0.015 0.02 0.025 -0.2 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 R at io I f on t : I be hi nd C ur re nt , I / A Applied Electrode Potential, E (SHE) / V 203 Figure 9: Time dependences of rate and charge yield of hydrogen evolution at Ti | Pt mesh cathode at an applied reactor potential difference of 1.5 V, which corresponded to a cathode potential of -1 V (SHE) and photo-anode potential of +0.5 V (SHE), in stationary 1 M NaOH solution. The results show a much improved current density distribution, and hence the average current density, confirming that the use of a partially expanded mesh substrate may serve to partially obviate the problems associated with current density distribution, without compromising on the illumination of the electrode.
    keywords: anode; area; current; electrode; fe2o3; figure; photo; potential
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        item: #6994 of 7527
          id: cet-5217
      author: sauro
       title: Microsoft Word - 61millet.doc
        date: 2014-09-17
       words: 3531
      flesch: 47
     summary: Logically, higher current densities favours the amount of hydrogen produced and approaches the experimental values to the theoretical ones. On the other hand, in terms of hydrogen generation, it can be observed that the higher the current density, the larger is the amount of hydrogen produced, even though high current densities can be only obtained at the highest temperature (90°C).
    keywords: cell; current; glycerol; hydrogen; koh; mol; production; reforming; temperature; water
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        item: #6995 of 7527
          id: cet-5218
      author: sauro
       title: Microsoft Word - 61millet.doc
        date: 2014-09-17
       words: 3885
      flesch: 49
     summary: Concerning the MFC-based polymer electrolyte membrane, the photoinduced polymerization process led to a rapid light-driven curing of a macromolecular network which helped in maintaining a homogeneous dispersion of the filler. A) CMC-based gel-polymer electrolyte on a spatula; B) CMC-based gel-polymer electrolyte being overturned for 10 min; C) MFC-based polymer membrane; D) activated MFC-based polymer electrolyte membrane.
    keywords: cells; cellulose; cmc; dye; electrolyte; et al; gel; liquid; membrane; mfc; polymer; polymer electrolyte
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        item: #6996 of 7527
          id: cet-5219
      author: sauro
       title: Microsoft Word - 61millet.doc
        date: 2014-09-17
       words: 3334
      flesch: 57
     summary: Among the different methods to synthesize nanomaterials, one of the most promising is a “bottom-up” chemical strategy, offering many advantages, such as experimental easiness and potential low-cost fabrication (Altavilla et al., 2011; Altavilla et al., 2013). On the other hand, MoS2 is a promising catalyst for electrocatalytic or photocatalytic hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) in aqueous solution (Sarno et al., 2014b), nickel is often used as HER electrocatalyst (Popczun et al., 2013), also commercially.
    keywords: figure; flg; graphene; mos2; nimos; raman; sarno
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        item: #6997 of 7527
          id: cet-522
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-522
        date: 2018-07-19
       words: 2904
      flesch: 49
     summary: This made it possible to apply thermal methods of control using vision systems in the infrared spectrum region when sorting out agricultural products for storage, or shipment to the consumer (Ginesu, 2004). The results of the measurements were used to determine the process parameters of thermal control for automated sorting of potatoes using a machine vision system in the infrared region of the spectrum.
    keywords: control; heat; plant; potato; surface; thermal; time
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        item: #6998 of 7527
          id: cet-5220
      author: sauro
       title: Microsoft Word - 61millet.doc
        date: 2014-09-17
       words: 2879
      flesch: 52
     summary: In this field, titanium dioxide has been proved to be extremely promising for its high versatility, especially enhanced when used in form of nanotube arrays. In this contest, the nanotube array geometry appears to be an ideal architecture: under UV-spectrum illumination (320–400 nm), nanotube arrays 30 μm long demonstrate a photoconversion efficiency of 16.25% with a current density of 25 mA/cm2.
    keywords: cell; et al; grimes; light; nanotubes; tio2; water
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        item: #6999 of 7527
          id: cet-5221
      author: sauro
       title: Microsoft Word - 61millet.doc
        date: 2014-09-17
       words: 2567
      flesch: 52
     summary: Current density distribution was measured by a 49 cm2 sensor plate formed by 100 sensors which is placed behind the cathode flow field. If current density distribution was only affected by reagent depletion, a virtually flat profile should be measured at 0.60 V due to the great reagent excess employed.
    keywords: average; cell; density; distribution; figure; fuel; performance
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        item: #7000 of 7527
          id: cet-5222
      author: sauro
       title: Microsoft Word - 61millet.doc
        date: 2014-09-18
       words: 3505
      flesch: 51
     summary: Iwahara H., 1992, Oxide-ionic and protonic conductors based on perovskite-type oxides and their possible applications, Solid State Ionics 52:1-3, 99-104. Vladikova D., Stoynov Z., Raikova G., Thorel A., Chesnaud A., Abreu J., Viviani M., Barbucci A., Presto S., Carpanese P., 2011, Impedance spectroscopy studies of dual membrane fuel cell, El. To verify that this process takes place, the filling of the porous DM by water has been obtained through a potentiostatic polarisation at 0.2 V of cell potential difference (i.e. high current density in fuel cell mode), by feeding hydrogen and air at the respective electrodes.
    keywords: bcy; cell; current; figure; hydrogen; membrane; oxygen; soec; water
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        item: #7001 of 7527
          id: cet-5223
      author: sauro
       title: Microsoft Word - 61millet.doc
        date: 2014-09-18
       words: 3896
      flesch: 50
     summary: Fuel cells assembled with the sample containing CNTs showed better performances than those obtained with traditional CNTs-free MPLs. Changes in physical-chemical and morphological properties of the samples were assessed at intermediate ageing times over the whole test period, and, in addition to that, the performance of fuel cells assembled with aged GDMs was tested too.
    keywords: current; density; fuel
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        item: #7002 of 7527
          id: cet-5224
      author: sauro
       title: Microsoft Word - 61millet.doc
        date: 2014-09-17
       words: 3982
      flesch: 56
     summary: Please cite this article as: Nash S., Andrieux F., Dawson R., Sutherland H., Lewis G., 2014, Direct fuel oxidation alkaline fuel cells; the kinetics of borohydride oxidation, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 41, 247-252 DOI: 10.3303/CET1441042 247 Along with the limitations encountered by all AFCs such as carbon dioxide contamination of the electrolyte, DFAFC also require the identification of the most appropriate fuel type from a selection of alcohols and inorganic salts, each with their own advantages and disadvantages. Direct oxidation alkaline fuel cells: from materials to systems.
    keywords: borohydride; current; electrocatalyst; electrode; figure; fuel; oxidation; surface
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        item: #7003 of 7527
          id: cet-5225
      author: sauro
       title: Microsoft Word - 61millet.doc
        date: 2014-09-18
       words: 3954
      flesch: 48
     summary: The electrochemical activity for glycerol oxidation was evaluated in a three electrode glass cell by cyclic voltammetry, revealing that Pt/C possesses the lowest onset potential and Au/C the maximum current density. Heterogeneous catalysis can be a very promising alternative for glycerol oxidation.
    keywords: acid; carbon; case; catalysts; glycerol; metal; potential
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        item: #7004 of 7527
          id: cet-5226
      author: sauro
       title: Microsoft Word - 61millet.doc
        date: 2014-09-18
       words: 3112
      flesch: 45
     summary: At the cathode, circulating gas are written in upright characters in electrolyser mode and in italics in mixed cell mode. The open circuit voltage should be equal to 1.20 V at 60 °C in electrolyser and to zero in mixed cell mode.
    keywords: air; anode; cathode; cell; co2; electrolyser; evolution; oxygen; water
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        item: #7005 of 7527
          id: cet-5227
      author: sauro
       title: Microsoft Word - 61millet.doc
        date: 2014-09-18
       words: 2644
      flesch: 50
     summary: Through the C2-H2···Cg1 (4.016 Å) and C1-H1···Cg2 (3.685Å) interactions (Table 1S, Cg1 and Cg2 stands for centroids of O1, C5, C6, C7, C9, C10 and C11, C12, C13, C14, C15, C16 rings, respectively) a bilayer of modified coumarin molecules, parallel to the (001) plane is formed as shown in Figure 1(iii) (top view) and Figure 1 (iv) (side view). The importance of crystal structure, molecule arrangement, orientation and isomerization on optoelectronic properties have also been reported (Saito et al., 1997 & Wang et al., 2013).
    keywords: c11; c14; c16; coumarin; figure; molecules; structure
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        item: #7006 of 7527
          id: cet-5228
      author: sauro
       title: Microsoft Word - 61millet.doc
        date: 2014-09-18
       words: 3398
      flesch: 52
     summary: Those considerations are supported by optical microscope images (Figure 2) where the presence of GDL carbon wires on MPL surface can be detected for sample GDM PFPE-6. ( V ) T60 RH80-100 T80 RH80-100 T80 RH80-60T60 RH80-60 0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 P o te n tia l ( V ) Current Density (W/cm 2 ) 0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 P o te n tia l ( V ) Current Density (W/cm 2 ) 0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 P o te n tia l ( V ) Current Density (W/cm 2 ) 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 P o w e r D e n si ty ( W /c m 2 ) 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 P o w e r D e n si ty ( W /c m 2 ) 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 P o w e r D e n si ty ( W /c m 2 ) 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 P o w e r D e n si ty ( W /c m 2 ) Figure 3: Polarization curves at 60 °C and 80 °C with different RH condition (80-100 and 80-60) Polarization curves show how GDM PFPE-6 and GDM STD samples reach almost the same performance.
    keywords: 0,0; fuel; gdm; polymer; rh80; samples
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        item: #7007 of 7527
          id: cet-5229
      author: sauro
       title: Microsoft Word - 61millet.doc
        date: 2014-09-17
       words: 2649
      flesch: 50
     summary: Figure 5: Effect of the rate of the environmental parameters change on the evolution of liquid film thickness on a 3 mm thick sample. Firstly, a model to predict the time dependent film thickness is presented based on condensation and evaporation processes.
    keywords: corrosion; figure; film; heat; temperature; thickness
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        item: #7008 of 7527
          id: cet-523
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-523
        date: 2018-07-19
       words: 2717
      flesch: 52
     summary: However, limited information is available on the use of biological process in coal desulphurization prior to combustion. The results presented in Table 1 shows the effect of microbial treatment on coal ash content.
    keywords: ash; coal; content; day; desulphurization; hrts; power; process; sulphur
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        item: #7009 of 7527
          id: cet-5230
      author: sauro
       title: Microsoft Word - 61millet.doc
        date: 2014-09-17
       words: 2813
      flesch: 48
     summary: Alternatively one can study and model corrosion in idealised laboratory conditions such that many of the influencing parameters are made irrelevant. Finally it will be explained how we see an integration of these models together with film-variation models to stepwise improve atmospheric corrosion models.
    keywords: corrosion; electrolyte; film; models; oxygen; reactions; surface; thickness
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        item: #7010 of 7527
          id: cet-5231
      author: sauro
       title: Microsoft Word - 61millet.doc
        date: 2014-09-17
       words: 2690
      flesch: 53
     summary: The effect of the metal (Mo, Ni, W) nature on the corrosion behavior of rhenium alloys with these metals was shown. DOI: 10.3303/CET1441049 Please cite this article as: Davydov A., Shaldaev V., Malofeeva A., Chernyshova O., Volgin V., 2014, Determination of corrosion rate of rhenium and its alloys, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 41, 289-294 DOI: 10.3303/CET1441049 289
    keywords: alloys; corrosion; current; molybdenum; nacl; rhenium; solution
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        item: #7011 of 7527
          id: cet-5232
      author: sauro
       title: Microsoft Word - 61millet.doc
        date: 2014-09-17
       words: 3716
      flesch: 50
     summary: Introduction The importance to study copper oxides is high both from the point of view of copper corrosion as well as of the semiconducting and photochemical properties of the oxides themselves (Abrantes et al. 1984, Aruchamy and Fujishima, 1989). Thermodynamic data suggest that two types of copper oxides can be formed on copper, cuprous oxide Cu2O and cupric oxide CuO (or copper hydroxide, Cu(OH)2), at low and high anodic potentials, respectively, within the range of neutral to basic pH values (Jones, 1992).
    keywords: capacitance; copper; electrode; layer; oxide; potential; reduction; scan
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        item: #7012 of 7527
          id: cet-5233
      author: sauro
       title: Microsoft Word - 61millet.doc
        date: 2014-09-17
       words: 3446
      flesch: 51
     summary: Finally, immersion tests in marine environment revealed that the silicone antifouling coating provides a better antifouling protection, due to its self-cleaning ability. The discoloration was more intense during laboratory immersion test, due to leaching, shifting the solution’s pH to alkaline values.
    keywords: aging; antifouling; coat; coatings; immersion; months; specimens; test
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        item: #7013 of 7527
          id: cet-5234
      author: sauro
       title: Microsoft Word - 61millet.doc
        date: 2014-09-17
       words: 3757
      flesch: 57
     summary: On the other hand, Chen et al. report that, in presence of solid carbon source, a temperature of 800°C is sufficient to determine the beginning of the formation of Mo2C, indeed the incorporation of C is most likely to occur in two possible ways (Frauwallner et al., 2011), either by filling anionic vacancies, without going through the MoO2 formation, or by direct exchange with an oxygen atom. The weight loss appearing below 300°C, arising from the decomposition of ammonium molybdate (as clearly indicated by the corresponding total ion current (TIC) of the most intense mass fragments peaks: m/z = 15, 16, 17 from NH3); MoO3 is thus formed (Chen et al., 2013).
    keywords: carbon; figure; flg; graphene; images; moo2; synthesis; tem
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        item: #7014 of 7527
          id: cet-5235
      author: sauro
       title: Microsoft Word - 61millet.doc
        date: 2014-09-17
       words: 3473
      flesch: 43
     summary: °C. 315 3.2 Photoelectrochemical response The photoelectrochemical behaviour of TiO2 photoanodes produced at different deposition pressures (keeping the total deposited mass per unit surface constant (0.5M)) and annealed at 500°C, is shown in Figure 3A. For comparison purpose a typical result obtained under dark condition is also reported. For this purpose, photoelectrochemical experiments were performed on TiO2 photoanodes prepared at 5Pa oxygen with 0.5M mass and annealed at 500, 650 and 800°C.
    keywords: deposition; films; mass; photoelectrochemical; potential; surface; tio2
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        item: #7015 of 7527
          id: cet-5237
      author: sauro
       title: Microsoft Word - 61millet.doc
        date: 2014-09-17
       words: 3224
      flesch: 43
     summary: Some perspectives for enhanced performances of PEM water electrolysis cells are also discussed. Such compounds can be implemented in PEM water electrolysis cells after surface adsorption on electronic carrier of large surface area.
    keywords: cell; cobalt; electrolysis; figure; hydrogen; pem; performances; platinum; water
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        item: #7016 of 7527
          id: cet-5238
      author: sauro
       title: Microsoft Word - 61millet.doc
        date: 2014-09-18
       words: 3020
      flesch: 38
     summary: They are explained by the variation in the electroactive area, when the pores between the 331 DOI: 10.3303/CET1441056 Please cite this article as: Volgin V., Kabanova T., Davydov A., 2014, Modeling of metal electrodeposition through colloidal crystal mask, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 41, 331-336 DOI: 10.3303/CET1441056 particles are filled in the course of deposit growth (Sumida et al., 2002; Spada et al., 2008; Sapoletova et al., 2010). Statement of problem and basic equations In the electrodeposition through a colloidal crystal mask, several zones near the electrode can be recognized (Figure 1): (I) a zone adjacent to the substrate, where the distributions of concentration and potential are 3D (zone of colloidal crystal mask); (II) the outer part of diffusion layer, where the distributions of concentration and potential can be considered as 1D (zone of diffusion layer in electrolyte solution); (III) – bulk electrolyte solution, where the concentrations are constant and potential varies linearly as we move away from the substrate with colloidal crystal mask.
    keywords: boundary; colloidal; concentration; crystal; current; electrodeposition; mask; metal
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        item: #7017 of 7527
          id: cet-5239
      author: sauro
       title: Microsoft Word - 61millet.doc
        date: 2014-09-18
       words: 3351
      flesch: 43
     summary: Actually, depending on the operative conditions at which each measurement is carried out, different capacitances may be measured at the same sample, because different phenomena may be evidenced by the different technique. Different capacitances were derived from different techniques and the related values were compared and the differences among them were discussed.
    keywords: capacitance; charge; figure; pani; potential; samples; scan; values
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        item: #7018 of 7527
          id: cet-524
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-524
        date: 2018-07-19
       words: 2899
      flesch: 42
     summary: However, aerobic processes often show lower carbon efficiency as compared to anaerobic processes. – Ethanol concentration has to be kept below 20 gL-1 to avoid inhibition DOI: 10.3303/CET1870094 Please cite this article as: Hirschmann R., Borodkin N., Baganz F., Hass V.C., 2018, Towards the integration of the anaerobic ethyl (s)-3- hydroxybutyrate production process into a biorefinery concept , Chemical Engineering Transactions, 70, 559-564 DOI:10.3303/CET1870094 559 – EAA concentration has to be kept below 0.5 gL-1 to avoid inhibition – (S)-E3HB may be produced up to 40 gL-1 in the broth – pH value can be adjusted in a range of 2.2 to 8 and influences optical product purity – Yield losses by evaporation of EAA, (S)-E3HB and ethanol have to be considered – Formation of byproducts may have an influence on the product yield So far, aerobic process conditions were supposed to be essential for the regeneration of the cofactor NADP during the biocatalytic process.
    keywords: anaerobic; conditions; eaa; ethanol; process; production; s)-e3hb
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        item: #7019 of 7527
          id: cet-5240
      author: sauro
       title: Microsoft Word - 61millet.doc
        date: 2014-09-18
       words: 3190
      flesch: 50
     summary: In order to get information on the electrochemical behavior of Zn electrode in the proposed choline chloride based ionic liquids electrolytes, cyclic voltammograms have been recorded at 25 oC in the precursors (pure ILEG, ILEG-H2O2, ILEG_ZnAc) and in the full electrolyte (ILEG-H2O2-ZnAc). -1.5 -1.0 -0.5 0.0 -0.005 0.000 0.005 0.010 0.015 0.020 I / A E/V vs. Ag ILEG (1) ILEG-H 2 O 2 -ZnAc (2) (1) (2) Figure 1: CV curves of Zn working electrode in different choline chloride based ionic liquids systems (scan rate: 50 mV s-1, 25oC) (SWE = 0.38 cm 2)
    keywords: anodic; chloride; choline; electrode; h2o2; ileg; ionic; liquids; zinc; zno
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        item: #7020 of 7527
          id: cet-5241
      author: sauro
       title: Microsoft Word - 61millet.doc
        date: 2014-09-18
       words: 2814
      flesch: 50
     summary: According to the literature (Ye et al., 2014), the presence of high water contents in EG based electrolytes may destroy the NT structure, generating cotton-like structures on the substrate. 349 DOI: 10.3303/CET1441059 Please cite this article as: Ampudia P., Palmas S., Vacca A., Mascia M., Matarrese R., 2014, Design of experiments (doe) for synthesis of nanotubular structured electrodes, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 41, 349-354 DOI: 10.3303/CET1441059 In this context, this work focuses on the effect of the anodization bath composition (i.e. organic solvent and water content and fluoride concentration) on both the structure and photo-electrocatalytic performance of TiO2 nanotubes in the PEC water splitting reaction.
    keywords: anodization; content; effects; parameters; samples; solvent; tio2; water
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        item: #7021 of 7527
          id: cet-5242
      author: sauro
       title: Microsoft Word - 61millet.doc
        date: 2014-09-17
       words: 3079
      flesch: 56
     summary: 2. Methodology 2.1 Cell setup, Inoculation and Operation 3-electrode half-cells for enrichment and study of aerobic biocathode biofilms were assembled. (Ter Heijne et al., 2010) for the growth of aerobic biocathode biofilms and containing the following; 50mM pH 5.8 phosphate buffer, 10ml/L of a macro nutrients solution, 1ml/L of a micro nutrients solution and 1ml/L of a vitamin solution.
    keywords: biocathode; cell; electrode; electron; peak; potential; scan
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        item: #7022 of 7527
          id: cet-5243
      author: sauro
       title: Microsoft Word - 61millet.doc
        date: 2014-09-17
       words: 3896
      flesch: 49
     summary: Recent works demonstrated that natural cellulose in the form of both fibres and microfibrils can be used as binder for the elaboration of single cell components (i.e., anode, cathode and separator) by casting or filtration (Jabbour et al., 2012a; Leijonmarck et al., 2013a) and of complete flexible cells by filtration (Jabbour et al., 2013; Leijonmarck et al., 2013b) with good results. Alum was used in order to promote the coagulation of carbon black with graphite and MFC as well as to favour water removal during slurry dewatering (Jabbour et al., 2013) while CB is the conductivity enhancer.
    keywords: batteries; capacity; cell; cellulose; electrodes; ion; lifepo4; lithium; paper
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        item: #7023 of 7527
          id: cet-5244
      author: sauro
       title: Microsoft Word - 61millet.doc
        date: 2014-09-17
       words: 3681
      flesch: 48
     summary: This could be because of the homotetrameric structure of P2O enzyme since it has different mechanism for substrates to enter the active side of the enzyme which was previously reported by Hallberg et al. (2004). The experiments with CA show enhanced stability with oxygen resistant P2O where GOx loses 30 % of its current density in the presence of oxygen after 3 hours.
    keywords: air; enzyme; glucose; gox; oxygen; p2o; t169
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        item: #7024 of 7527
          id: cet-5245
      author: sauro
       title: Microsoft Word - 222Martinez-Huitle new version.doc
        date: 2014-09-29
       words: 3896
      flesch: 42
     summary: It is important to remark that, under high concentrations of NaCl in solution (a key characteristic of petrochemical effluents) EO via •OH radicals is not the only oxidation mechanism that occurs on electrochemical treatment. During electrochemical treatment, various operating parameters were investigated, such as temperature, pH, conductivity, current density, total organic carbon (TOC), chemical oxygen demand (COD) as well as energy consumption and cost.
    keywords: bdd; cod; current; removal; treatment; water
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        item: #7025 of 7527
          id: cet-5246
      author: sauro
       title: Microsoft Word - 61millet.doc
        date: 2014-09-17
       words: 3378
      flesch: 50
     summary: WO3 films were fabricated from powder WO3 particles by sedimentation and thermal annealing. 3. Results and Discussion 3.1 WO3 films XRD diffraction patterns of WO3 powder and WO3 films (0.1 mg/cm 2) deposited on FTO substrate and calcined at 300, 450 and
    keywords: fe2o3; figure; films; hematite; hipims; photocurrent; water; wo3
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        item: #7026 of 7527
          id: cet-5247
      author: sauro
       title: Microsoft Word - 61millet.doc
        date: 2014-09-17
       words: 4004
      flesch: 57
     summary: Very recently, an enhanced and stable electrocatalytic HER activity has been reported for MoO2 nanobelts@nitrogen self-doped MoS2 nanosheets (Zhou et al., 2014) (onset −156 mV (vs RHE), 105 mV more positive than that of pure MoS2, and a Tafel slope of 47.5 mV/dec compared to a Tafel slope of 77.7 mV/dec for MoS2, under identical experimental conditions), accounting for nitrogen doping that leads to enhanced electronic conductivity of the heterostructures as well as a high density of spinning electron states around the N and Mo atoms in MoS2 nanosheets that are the active sites for HER. Here we report, the synthesis of MoS2 nanosheets/few layer graphene (FLG) and of MoS2/MoO2/FLG hybrids by thermolysis of (NH4)2MoS4, in a continuous flow reactor.
    keywords: et al; figure; flg; graphene; moo2; mos2; nanosheets; sarno
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        item: #7027 of 7527
          id: cet-5248
      author: sauro
       title: Microsoft Word - 61millet.doc
        date: 2014-09-17
       words: 4107
      flesch: 57
     summary: (Lee et al., 2010), the frequency difference between the two most prominent Raman peaks depends monotonically on the number of MoS2 layers. MoS2_1 (Figure 4a) is constituted of larger (tens of microns in size) and smaller few aggregates (1 micron in size); MoS2 layers, 0.62 nm stacked, are visible in both aggregates (Figure 4c and d).
    keywords: et al; figure; mos2; mos2_3; nanosheets; temperature
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        item: #7028 of 7527
          id: cet-5249
      author: sauro
       title: Microsoft Word - 61millet.doc
        date: 2014-09-17
       words: 2890
      flesch: 43
     summary: Both the capacitive properties of samples and the quantity/accessibility of the existing active sites are examined by means of CV and EIS measurements. Measurements were done in the dark at a bias potential at which capacitive behaviour of samples was observed.
    keywords: 10pa; capacitance; figure; pressure; samples; tio2
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        item: #7029 of 7527
          id: cet-525
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-525
        date: 2018-07-19
       words: 2647
      flesch: 49
     summary: A novel methodology for operating point transition optimization is applied to a vacuum distillation column unit in which concentration of cumene-hydroperoxide intermediate occurs. In this work it has been shown that operating point transition optimization problem can be efficiently solved using a commercial process simulator.
    keywords: operating; optimization; point; process; product; simulator; transition
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        item: #7030 of 7527
          id: cet-5250
      author: sauro
       title: Microsoft Word - 61millet.doc
        date: 2014-09-17
       words: 3173
      flesch: 54
     summary: Similar results were obtained also in a previous work, in which Porous Si samples with different thickness were utilised, and characterized through GEIS within a frequency range from 100 kHz to 100 mHz and AC amplitude of 10 µA (Mula et al, 2014). Different forms of silicon have been investigated, including single crystal, polycrystalline, amorphous, nanocrystalline and porous Si: the last two may be considered as quantum-confined systems (Kenyon, 2005).
    keywords: doping; process; silicon
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        item: #7031 of 7527
          id: cet-5251
      author: sauro
       title: Microsoft Word - 61millet.doc
        date: 2014-09-17
       words: 3172
      flesch: 58
     summary: Powder pattern indexing with the dichotomy method. On DOI: 10.3303/CET1441069 Please cite this article as: Stagi L., Ricci C., Chiriu D., Napolitano E., Enzo S., 2014, Structure solution of nayo2 compound prepared by soft chemistry from x-ray diffraction powder data, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 41, 409-414 DOI: 10.3303/CET1441069 409 the other hand, the widespread availability of powerful personal computers combined with advanced crystallography programs for interpretation of data coming from high-resolution commercial powder diffractometers have increased the successful solution of relatively complex structures (so-called ab-initio methods).
    keywords: data; diffraction; nayo2; powder; structure
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        item: #7032 of 7527
          id: cet-5252
      author: sauro
       title: Microsoft Word - 61millet.doc
        date: 2014-09-17
       words: 3281
      flesch: 46
     summary: In this context, electrochemical glucose sensors based on metal oxide materials such as NiO, CoO, MnO2, CuO, offer many advantages compared to enzyme-based glucose sensors. Introduction Reliable and fast determination of glucose is essential in many fields such as clinical diagnostics, ecological application of industrial waste water treatment, biotechnology and food industry, therefore over the past few decades great attention has been paid to the development of glucose sensors (Lee et al., 2008; Vaddiraju et al., 2010).
    keywords: cuo; electrode; fig; glucose; modified; nanowires; peak; sensors; surface
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        item: #7033 of 7527
          id: cet-5253
      author: sauro
       title: Microsoft Word - 26jonassen.docx
        date: 2014-09-04
       words: 2706
      flesch: 50
     summary: Table 1: ODTV for selected compounds based on Binary, Triangular Methods with decreased dilution compared to the Triangular Method with increased dilution Compound ODTV based on Binary Method with decreasing dilution * OU ODTV based on Triangular Method with decreasing dilution* OU ODTV based on Triangular Method with increasing dilution** OU Ammonia 489 407 272 Hexane 493 433 120 N butanol 1310 914 766 Acetone 1700 1610 855 Ethanol 1200 980 410 Butyric Acid 120 98 49 *Based on Geometric Mean of ODTV from three evaluations ** Based on ODTV from one evaluation 2.3. Table 2: Raw ODTV for Samples Collected During Nine Episodes Based on Evaluation of Samples using three Different Methods Episode Raw ODTV based on Binary Method with decreasing dilution OU Raw ODTV based on Triangular Method with decreasing dilution OU Raw ODTV based on Triangular Method with Increasing dilution OU Episode 1 2200 2120 1200 Episode 2 1650 1570 870 Episode 3 1450 1380 790 Episode 4 120 110 54 Episode 5 167 154 83 Episode 6 194 175 89 Episode 7 22 18 15 Episode 8 36 29 24 Episode 9 25 19 14 3.3 Case Study 2 Conclusions This study showed a good correlation between the two most commonly used methods in Europe, Australia, Canada and the USA: the Binary and Triangular Method with decreased dilutions between steps with slightly lower values for Triangular Method.
    keywords: dilution; method; odour; odtv; samples; triangular
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        item: #7034 of 7527
          id: cet-5254
      author: sauro
       title: Microsoft Word - 26jonassen.docx
        date: 2014-09-04
       words: 2269
      flesch: 49
     summary: Introduction Odour nuisance from intensive pig production is a well-known problem for people living in the vicinity of pig production facilities, and increased attention during recent years has resulted in the development of housing and mitigation systems aimed at reducing odour emissions from pig production facilities. Right: Sampling of odour bag for delayed olfactometry, the bags were connected to the sampling point with a Teflon tube.
    keywords: day; laboratories; laboratory; mobile; olfactometry; sampling
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        item: #7035 of 7527
          id: cet-5255
      author: sauro
       title: Microsoft Word - 26jonassen.docx
        date: 2014-09-04
       words: 2157
      flesch: 44
     summary: Acceptability evaluation This new indicator requires two steps of analysis: determination of odour concentration followed by the evaluation of odour acceptability. This last parameter, odour acceptability representing the pleasant or unpleasant character, is a key element in estimating odour annoyance (Van Harreveld, 2001).
    keywords: acceptability; annoyance; concentration; method; odour; potential
       cache: cet-5255.pdf
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        item: #7036 of 7527
          id: cet-5256
      author: sauro
       title: Microsoft Word - 26jonassen.docx
        date: 2014-09-04
       words: 2411
      flesch: 38
     summary: In addition to the odour sample, the sampling protocol includes also the collection of a blank, taken in order to verify the level of concentration in absence of odour annoyance. References Aatamila M., Verkasalo P.K., Korhonen M. J., Suominen A. L., Hirvonen M.R., Viluksela M.K., Nevalainen A., 2011, odour annoyance and physical symptoms among residents living near waste treatment centres.
    keywords: annoyance; events; figure; odour; perception; taranto; time
       cache: cet-5256.pdf
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        item: #7037 of 7527
          id: cet-5257
      author: sauro
       title: Microsoft Word - 26jonassen.docx
        date: 2014-09-04
       words: 3698
      flesch: 51
     summary: Erto et al., 2010) and scrubbing with Advanced Oxidizing Process (AOP) (Smet et al., 1998, Lancia and Musmarra, 1999; Capocelli et al., 2012), but these may be not applicable to the treatment of high and disseminated emissions as the kind of emissions of waste landfills. [%] SC-1 SC-2 SC-3 Training Set 71 70 63 62 Validation Set 71 71 65 62 68 69 64 56 72 68 67 61 Total Set 70 69 65 60 4. Conclusions In the present study a Smart Fuzzy System (SFS) for early warning, as a real-time decision-making support tool to mitigate annoying odours from waste landfills, is proposed.
    keywords: ccost; emissions; landfill; o.u./m3; odour; set; sfs; system; waste
       cache: cet-5257.pdf
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        item: #7038 of 7527
          id: cet-5258
      author: sauro
       title: Microsoft Word - 26jonassen.docx
        date: 2014-09-04
       words: 2841
      flesch: 49
     summary: The findings of the AMB 2006 study are available in the public domain and were used as a basis to evaluate the predictions of CALPUFF Lite, CALPUFF NoObs and CALPUFF Hybrid (Feliubadaló, 2008). These mechanisms are the same when conducting CALPUFF Lite, CALPUFF NoObs or CALPUFF Hybrid.
    keywords: air; calpuff; data; hybrid; lite; model; noobs; odour; surface
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        item: #7039 of 7527
          id: cet-5259
      author: sauro
       title: Microsoft Word - 26jonassen.docx
        date: 2014-09-04
       words: 3298
      flesch: 43
     summary: However continuous odour measurement is necessary to monitor odour emission from wastewater treatments plants as well as to identify strategies to control the impacts of odour emissions on local communities. In Europe the dynamic olfactometry method was standardized in 2003 by EN 13725 and was proposed for the measurement of odour emissions.
    keywords: emissions; et al; measurement; methods; odour; olfactometry; zarra
       cache: cet-5259.pdf
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        item: #7040 of 7527
          id: cet-526
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-526
        date: 2018-07-19
       words: 3477
      flesch: 46
     summary: The achievable total energy efficiency of the integrated system is 66.92 %, including NH3 production efficiency of 66.69 % and power generation efficiency of 0.23 %. Cryogenic N2 production is adopted with consideration of applicability for large scale and high purity of produced N2 stream (Smith and Klosek, 2001).
    keywords: efficiency; energy; nh3; power; process; production; stream; synthesis; system
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        item: #7041 of 7527
          id: cet-5260
      author: sauro
       title: Microsoft Word - 26jonassen.docx
        date: 2014-09-04
       words: 2240
      flesch: 40
     summary: DOI: 10.3303/CET1440008 Please cite this article as: Sivret E., Le-Minh N., Wang B., Wang X., Stuetz R., 2014, Impact of sewer emission dynamics on monitoring campaign design, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 40, 43-48 DOI: 10.3303/CET1440008 43 2. 47 4. Conclusions Odour concentration (via dilution olfactometry) and specific odorant (VOCs and VSCs) concentrations in headspace air of a sewer pumping station were measured over a 24 hour sampling period to investigate the impact of a typical sewage diurnal cycle on sewer emission dynamics.
    keywords: dynamics; emission; odour; sampling; sewer; wang; water
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        item: #7042 of 7527
          id: cet-5261
      author: sauro
       title: Microsoft Word - 26jonassen.docx
        date: 2014-09-04
       words: 3869
      flesch: 59
     summary: DOI: 10.3303/CET1440009 Please cite this article as: Schauberger G., Piringer M., Heber A.J., 2014, Modelling of odour emission rates for fattening pigs as time- resolved input for dispersion models, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 40, 49-54 DOI: 10.3303/CET1440009 49 2. Materials and Methods 2.1 Growth model For an all-in/all-out (AIAO) production system, an animal growth model describes the increase of emissions by the growing of the animal live mass of the herd. Due to the lack of data, none of the existing setbacks or odour dispersion models consider diurnal and seasonal variations in odour emission rates, which may result in great uncertainty in the predicted results (Guo et al., 2007).
    keywords: emission; factor; mass; modification; odour; rate; release
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        item: #7043 of 7527
          id: cet-5262
      author: sauro
       title: Microsoft Word - 26jonassen.docx
        date: 2014-09-04
       words: 3360
      flesch: 54
     summary: Based on the experience with rapid decay of H2S emission, great care was taken in order to measure immediately after slurry application. Since static chamber techniques are often used for collecting samples for odor analysis by sensory evaluation (olfactometry) (Hansen et al., 2006), this sampling method could give very erroneous results if sulphur compounds (as expected (Feilberg et al., 2011))
    keywords: application; emissions; feilberg; h2s; odor; odorants; slurry
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        item: #7044 of 7527
          id: cet-5263
      author: sauro
       title: Microsoft Word - 26jonassen.docx
        date: 2014-09-04
       words: 3099
      flesch: 48
     summary: Figure 4 depicts the theoretical polarity profiles for the concepts of fragrance and stench as well as the facility odour biogas, as average values from 19 assessors. The average value of the facility odour biogas across all properties and assessors is -1.5 and therefore definitely within the range of unpleasant odour.
    keywords: assessors; biogas; facilities; facility; farm; field; inspections; odour; plume; wind
       cache: cet-5263.pdf
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        item: #7045 of 7527
          id: cet-5264
      author: sauro
       title: Microsoft Word - 26jonassen.docx
        date: 2014-09-04
       words: 3721
      flesch: 44
     summary: To determine odour concentrations in field conditions, portable dynamic olfactometers are used especially in North America, but those solutions are gaining popularity in Europe. Dynamic olfactometry is now a widespread and common technique for the quantification of odour emissions in terms of odour concentration (Munoz et al., 2010).
    keywords: correlation; field; hydrogen; odour; olfactometers; results; sm-100; table; tests
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        item: #7046 of 7527
          id: cet-5265
      author: sauro
       title: Microsoft Word - 26jonassen.docx
        date: 2014-09-04
       words: 3300
      flesch: 44
     summary: For this reason, this study investigates the possibility to use electronic noses for indoor air quality monitoring. Ventilation is the technique used for regulating indoor air quality.
    keywords: air; co2; concentration; electronic; indoor; monitoring; nose; quality
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        item: #7047 of 7527
          id: cet-5266
      author: sauro
       title: Microsoft Word - 26jonassen.docx
        date: 2014-09-04
       words: 2376
      flesch: 60
     summary: Fingerprints are generated using air samples that are taken at odour sources and analysed by dynamic olfactometry and eNose. Milan et al. (2012) reported a method in the Port of Rotterdam by investigating time and place correlations between eNose recordings and odour complaints of annoyed citizens reported to the 24/7 manned control room of the DCMR EPA.
    keywords: enose; odour; plant; steel; tata; tata steel
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        item: #7048 of 7527
          id: cet-5267
      author: sauro
       title: Microsoft Word - 26jonassen.docx
        date: 2014-09-04
       words: 2837
      flesch: 46
     summary: jacek.gebicki@pg.gda.pl The paper presents the results of investigation on classification of atmospheric air samples collected in a vicinity of municipal landfill with respect to their odour nuisance. Table 1: Classification of atmospheric air samples using LDA collected from different directions around the landfill.
    keywords: air; classification; electronic; nose; nuisance; odour; prototype; samples
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        item: #7049 of 7527
          id: cet-5268
      author: sauro
       title: Microsoft Word - 26jonassen.docx
        date: 2014-09-04
       words: 3260
      flesch: 60
     summary: Indian experts were delighted to have odour measurement method which can separate weak and strong odours in digital form without technical facilities or deep expertise. Odour source area and odour measurement point (MP 1).
    keywords: frequency; india; intensity; measurement; method; odour; point
       cache: cet-5268.pdf
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        item: #7050 of 7527
          id: cet-5269
      author: sauro
       title: Microsoft Word - 26jonassen.docx
        date: 2014-09-04
       words: 2390
      flesch: 53
     summary: © 2014, AIDIC Servizi S.r.l., ISBN 978-88-95608-31-0; ISSN 2283-9216 Odour Nuisance and the Need for Effective Complaint Measures in Malaysia: A Case Study of a Public Institution in Penang Nastaein Qamaruz Zaman*, Zuriana Mat Jam School of Civil Enginering, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Engineering Campus, 14300 Nibong Tebal, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia cenastaein@usm.my Odour regulations worldwide highly regard odour complaints to indicate compliance to an Environmental Act regarding odour emissions. 100 Figure 4 Preferred media to voice odour complaints 4.
    keywords: complaint; malaysia; malodour; odour; respondents; students; study
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        item: #7051 of 7527
          id: cet-527
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-527
        date: 2018-07-19
       words: 3605
      flesch: 62
     summary:           (15) (a) (b) Figure 2: Critical time functions (a) of the Lewis number and (b) of the Prandtl number. z t c T z t T for t    
    keywords: t t; time
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        item: #7052 of 7527
          id: cet-5270
      author: sauro
       title: Microsoft Word - 26jonassen.docx
        date: 2014-09-04
       words: 2867
      flesch: 60
     summary: Stability class σu/u σv/u σw/u Robins OSP Robins OSP Robins OSP 2 very unstable Stability class σu/u σv/u σw/u Robins OSP Robins OSP Robins OSP 2 very unstable
    keywords: curves; mean; odour; osp; peak; robins; stability
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        item: #7053 of 7527
          id: cet-5271
      author: sauro
       title: Microsoft Word - 26jonassen.docx
        date: 2014-09-04
       words: 3194
      flesch: 58
     summary: The e.Nose system called seedOA (Simple Environmental Electronic Device for Odour Application) consists of a measurement chamber equipped by sensors polarly distributed over two horizontal layer: 2 specific gas sensors (NH3 and H2S), 12 metal oxides non-specific gas sensors and 2 internal conditions control sensors (humidity and temperature). Up to date, many researches have studied the performance of different combination of sensors in odours detection and relative pattern recognition (Zarra et al., 2009, Giuliani et al., 2012), on other way little effort seems to have been made to study the optimization of the measurement chamber in terms of proper definition of chamber size and shape (Di Francesco et al., 2005), spatial displacement of sensors (Lezzi et al., 2001), allocation and geometry of a diffuser (Falcitelli et al., 2002, Pan et al., 2009).
    keywords: chamber; diffuser; measurement; sensors; time
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        item: #7054 of 7527
          id: cet-5272
      author: sauro
       title: Microsoft Word - 26jonassen.docx
        date: 2014-09-04
       words: 2606
      flesch: 45
     summary: The technical law admits two standardized methods for the presentation of odour sample to the panel: forced choice and yes/no method. Figure 2: Scheme of the pneumatic section Wolf adopts the yes/no method for the presentation of odour samples and the dilution steps are produced automatically.
    keywords: air; dilution; odour; olfactometer; panel; results; valves
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        item: #7055 of 7527
          id: cet-5273
      author: sauro
       title: Microsoft Word - 26jonassen.docx
        date: 2014-09-04
       words: 3698
      flesch: 41
     summary: Lenviros srl – spin off dell’Università degli Studi di Bari, via Orabona 4, 70126 Bari, Italia m.brattoli@arpa.puglia.it The gas chromatography-olfactometry (GC-O) methodology couples traditional gas chromatographic analysis with sensory detection in order to identify odor active compounds in complex mixtures. The main purpose of research activity is to recognize odor active compounds and to relate qualitative and quantitative information with human perception.
    keywords: air; analysis; bag; chemical; compounds; gas; odor; vocs
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        item: #7056 of 7527
          id: cet-5274
      author: sauro
       title: Microsoft Word - 26jonassen.docx
        date: 2014-09-04
       words: 2843
      flesch: 37
     summary: Comparing the electronic nose with the chromatographic techniques (frequently utilized in industrial investigations of agricultural distillates quality) one can notice a significant advantage connected with practical application of electronic nose device. The authors also believe that in future electronic nose device can be successful in providing routine evaluation of agricultural distillates quality and can constitute relatively cheap, fast and non-invasive technique widely applied in alcohol industry.
    keywords: classification; distillates; electronic; nose; prototype; quality; samples
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        item: #7057 of 7527
          id: cet-5275
      author: sauro
       title: Microsoft Word - 26jonassen.docx
        date: 2014-09-04
       words: 3234
      flesch: 49
     summary: The electronic nose was trained with all real samples at different odour concentrations, between 10 and 100% of the measured odour concentration. For this purpose, different samples having different odour concentrations were obtained from collected real samples.
    keywords: concentration; emission; ethanol; nose; odour; odour concentration; samples
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        item: #7058 of 7527
          id: cet-5276
      author: sauro
       title: Microsoft Word - 26jonassen.docx
        date: 2014-09-04
       words: 3358
      flesch: 46
     summary: The questions aimed: • characterize the respondents (proportion of men/women and age) while maintaining their anonymity; • identify the emission source of odour; • weather conditions (temperature, wind direction, period of day and season) related to episodes of exposure to odours from the food industry; • Identify adverse symptoms on human health from exposure to food industry odours. Some of the respondents answered smell other odours different from food odour, such as smoke and sewage, which are related to vehicular traffic and illegal connections to the storm sewer network, respectively.
    keywords: annoyance; area; environment; food; industry; odour; population; region
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        item: #7059 of 7527
          id: cet-5277
      author: sauro
       title: Microsoft Word - 26jonassen.docx
        date: 2014-09-04
       words: 4133
      flesch: 38
     summary: © 2014, AIDIC Servizi S.r.l., ISBN 978-88-95608-31-0; ISSN 2283-9216 Use of Computational Fluid Dynamics in the Analysis of a Portable Wind Tunnel for Sampling of Odorous Emissions at Liquid Surfaces Ademir A. Prata Jra, Jane Meri Santosb, Victoria Timchenkoc, Richard M. Stuetz*a a UNSW Odour Laboratory, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia b Departamento de Engenharia Ambiental, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Av. Fernando Ferrari 514, 29.060- 970 Vitória, ES, Brazil c School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia r.stuetz@unsw.edu.au Enclosure sampling devices, such as wind tunnels and flux chambers, are commonly applied to quantify the emission rate of odorous compounds at passive liquid surfaces. Introduction The emission rate of odorous compounds at passive liquid surfaces can be directly quantified by using sampling devices (such as flux chambers, hoods and wind tunnels), which are able to enclosure minimal parts of the emitting surface, so that the emitted compounds are captured by an air flow passing through the sampling system (Hudson and Ayoko, 2008; Capelli et al., 2013).
    keywords: air; boundary; et al; layer; results; tunnel; velocity; wind
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        item: #7060 of 7527
          id: cet-5278
      author: sauro
       title: Microsoft Word - 26jonassen.docx
        date: 2014-09-04
       words: 2871
      flesch: 57
     summary: If a higher limit of flow rate seems obvious, a lower limit appears too, because low flow chamber give high concentration due to accumulation inside, and then low odor flow due to lower impact of the flow rate in calculation. It could confirm that low flow chambers underestimate the emissions. .
    keywords: chambers; devices; flow; liquid; sampling; source; wind
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        item: #7061 of 7527
          id: cet-5279
      author: sauro
       title: Microsoft Word - 26jonassen.docx
        date: 2014-09-04
       words: 3372
      flesch: 60
     summary: Frequently manufacturers of sample bags claim excellent stability of the stored substances. van Harreveld, A. P., 2003, Odor concentration decay and stability in gas sampling bags.
    keywords: adsorption; bags; gas; losses; measurement; nalophan; sample; sampling; tedlar; time
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        item: #7062 of 7527
          id: cet-528
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-528
        date: 2018-07-19
       words: 4175
      flesch: 49
     summary: Later on, carbon content reduction combined with thermo-mechanical processing followed by accelerated cooling (Acc) and Ti addition lead to the development of high strength steel (X80) with good weldability. Welding of high strength steel In single pass welds, the HAZ is divided into four distinct zones based on the microstructure changes at different distances from the welding line (Wang et al., 2015), defined as: coarse grained (CGHAZ), fine grained (FGHAZ), intercritical (ICHAZ) and sub-critical (SCHAZ) heat affected zones (a, b, c and d in figure 1).
    keywords: austenite; constituents; effect; haz; heat; steel; toughness; welding
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        item: #7063 of 7527
          id: cet-5280
      author: sauro
       title: Microsoft Word - 26jonassen.docx
        date: 2014-09-04
       words: 3796
      flesch: 58
     summary: For waste water treatment plant odour samples have high degradation in both Nalophan (60 % in 24 hours) and Tedlar® (35 %) but far better in PTFE sample bags (23 %). DOI: 10.3303/CET1440028 Please cite this article as: Bakhtari A., 2014, Managing odour sample degradation through on-site olfactometery and proper sample transportation and storage, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 40, 163-168 DOI: 10.3303/CET1440028 163 D- Sample decomposition due to interaction with Oxygen or other reactive gases.
    keywords: bags; degradation; nalophan; odour; ptfe; sample; tedlar
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        item: #7064 of 7527
          id: cet-5281
      author: sauro
       title: Microsoft Word - 26jonassen.docx
        date: 2014-09-04
       words: 4028
      flesch: 61
     summary: This parameter allows to highlight the differences obtained with different bag surfaces. Double bags are concentric bags obtained starting from two different tubular films cut in different lengths.
    keywords: bag; bags; concentration; diffusion; loss; nh3; ratio; sample; surface; volume
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        item: #7065 of 7527
          id: cet-5282
      author: sauro
       title: Microsoft Word - 26jonassen.docx
        date: 2014-09-04
       words: 3046
      flesch: 54
     summary: 4. Conclusions In many countries, odour impact criteria OIC are in use defined as the combination of odour concentration threshold (in ou m-3) and tolerated exceedance probability (in %). Taking into account the relationship between odour concentration and odour intensity (Bundy et al., 1997;
    keywords: concentration; exceedance; odour; oic; probability; separation; threshold
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        item: #7066 of 7527
          id: cet-5283
      author: sauro
       title: Microsoft Word - 26jonassen.docx
        date: 2014-10-01
       words: 3530
      flesch: 42
     summary: For this reason, in NSW, three levels of odour impact assessment for odour sources have been adopted, depending on whether an odour- emitting activity is new, modified or existing, regardless of whether these are classed as point or diffuse (DEC, 2006a). Odour assessment criteria provide guideance for decisions about effective odour management but recognise it may be neither possible nor desirable to achieve ‘no odour’ (DEC, 2006a).
    keywords: assessment; criteria; dec; impacts; level; management; new; odour
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        item: #7067 of 7527
          id: cet-5284
      author: sauro
       title: Microsoft Word - 26jonassen.docx
        date: 2014-09-04
       words: 3538
      flesch: 55
     summary: 10/06/2014 1,88E-02 3,51E-02 4. Conclusions A “flux chamber” and a “static box” were designed and developed based on literature studies and other considerations deriving from our Laboratory’s experience in the field of environmental sampling for measuring LFG fluxes from landfill surfaces. DOI: 10.3303/CET1440032 Please cite this article as: Capelli L., Sironi S., Del Rosso R., Magnano E., 2014, Evaluation of landfill surface emissions, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 40, 187-192 DOI: 10.3303/CET1440032 187 For this reason, it is preferable to base such studies on periodical site-specific sampling campaigns, which are more congruent with the real emissions.
    keywords: ch4; chamber; flux; landfill; lfg; sampling
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        item: #7068 of 7527
          id: cet-5285
      author: sauro
       title: Microsoft Word - 26jonassen.docx
        date: 2014-09-04
       words: 3752
      flesch: 49
     summary: References Capelli L., Sironi S., Del Rosso R., Céntola P., 2009a, Predicting odour emissions from wastewater treatment plants by means of odour emission factors, Water Res. 43, 1977-1985. This paper discusses the importance odour emission factors (OEFs) and gives an indication of how to develop them, and organizing them in form of database, with the aim of allowing their continuous update.
    keywords: activity; emission; emission factors; factors; odour; oefs; oue; plant; treatment; wastewater
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        item: #7069 of 7527
          id: cet-5286
      author: sauro
       title: Microsoft Word - 26jonassen.docx
        date: 2014-09-04
       words: 3764
      flesch: 55
     summary: Whereas the removal of hydrogen sulphide was observed to be also dependent on mass loading rate and concentration for the ceramic saddles packed biofilter column, the removal efficiency of H2S was independent on mass loading rate or concentration for cellulose packed biofilter column. This model could be linearized as below with m and n as constants: mEBRTn RE EBRT +⋅= (3) 0 20 40 60 80 100 0 200 400 600 RE (% ) Mass load of H2S (mg m-3 h-1) H2S.cellulose MT.cellulose DMS.cellulose H2S.ceramic MT.ceramic (b) 0 20 40 60 80 100 0 500 1000 1500 RE (% ) Air load (m3 m-3 h-1) H2S.cellulose MT.cellulose DMS.cellulose H2S.ceramic MT.ceramic (a) Figure 2: (a): Under fix mass load, removal efficiencies (RE) of H2S, methanethiol (MT) and dimethyl sulphide (DMS) as functions of air load; Mass load is 130, 5 and 5 mg m-3 h-1 for H2S, MT and DMS for cellulose packed biofilter column and 65, 5 and 5 mg m-3 h-1 for H2S, MT and DMS for ceramic saddles packed biofilter column; (b): RE of H2S, MT and DMS as functions of mass load of H2S under fix air loading rate (130 m3 m-3 h-1) for cellulose packed and ceramic saddles packed biofilter columns.
    keywords: air; biofilter; column; fix; h2s; load; mass; removal
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        item: #7070 of 7527
          id: cet-5287
      author: sauro
       title: Microsoft Word - 26jonassen.docx
        date: 2014-09-04
       words: 2547
      flesch: 49
     summary: The research objective was to determine odour abatement efficiency of waste gases from sludge thickeners with the use of bioscrubbers. The choice of a deodorization method is highly dependent upon investment and operating costs as well as odour abatement efficiency required.
    keywords: abatement; chemical; concentration; efficiency; figure; odour; sampling
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        item: #7071 of 7527
          id: cet-5288
      author: sauro
       title: Microsoft Word - 26jonassen.docx
        date: 2014-09-04
       words: 3428
      flesch: 39
     summary: CH4 concentration influenced the population structure of the enriched cultures, which were mainly constituted by type I and, in a lesser extent, by type II methanotrophs. Microorganisms enriched at 2 gCH4 m -3 presented the highest maximum specific degradation rate (qmax) and those enriched at 20 and 0.2 gCH4 m -3 exhibited the lowest half-saturation constant (KS), which ruled out a potential correlation between CH4 concentration and kinetic parameters.
    keywords: ch4; concentration; phb
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        item: #7072 of 7527
          id: cet-5289
      author: sauro
       title: Microsoft Word - 26jonassen.docx
        date: 2014-09-04
       words: 2697
      flesch: 51
     summary: One is dedicated for sulphide measurement in analogy with DIN 38409-29 (2003), thus lowering pH-value of the sample from the sewer, and H2Sg in the off-gas of this stripping reactor is the responsible signal and is converted into “sulphide in liquid concentration in mg/L”. Here, it is necessary to measure in analogy to the OEC measurement method, thus an electronic nose has to be used to determine the “odorants concentration in the liquid in ouE/m 3 liquid” 2.2 Measurement device hardware – the sulphide and odour measurement unit SOU As mentioned, liquid has to be withdrawn from the sewer and has to be analyzed by an automated device that is able to perform sulphide and OEC measurement in order to deliver relevant quality parameters for the intended closed loop control strategy.
    keywords: control; dosing; liquid; measurement; odour; sewer; sulphide
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        item: #7073 of 7527
          id: cet-529
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-529
        date: 2018-07-19
       words: 3446
      flesch: 49
     summary: Problem statement The formal problem statement can be stated as follows: Given that there is M number of contractors (both local and external) that are classified into K different categories depending on their capability to fund construction projects with a given maximum total available funds for project construction. Ci (3) ∑ xij= N i=1 Qj (4) xij≤1000 zij (Fi-Pj+1) (5) zij={0,1} (6) Figure 1: Source-sink model having four classifications of contractors assigned to construction projects 4.
    keywords: carbon; construction; contractors; firm; footprint; model; project; rebuilding; region
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        item: #7074 of 7527
          id: cet-5290
      author: sauro
       title: Microsoft Word - 26jonassen.docx
        date: 2014-09-04
       words: 3326
      flesch: 54
     summary: In this work we have conducted an assessment of the performance of 3 Advanced Biofilters used for the treatment of odour emissions and removal of VOCs from: a) an Animal Waste Rendering Plant in Hamar, Norway (where an Advanced Biofilter was installed in 2008 that has successfully minimized important odour-related problems) b) a Municipal Waste Water Treatment Plant in Middelfart, Denmark (treating an emission of 1,500m3/h) c) a WWTP sludge Composting Plant in Mallorca, Spain. Odour concentration efficiencies were also very high, in the range of 95-99% or final odour concentrations lower than 500ouE/m 3.
    keywords: biofilter; conc; data; inlet; odour; outlet; plant; rendering; voc
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        item: #7075 of 7527
          id: cet-5291
      author: sauro
       title: Microsoft Word - 26jonassen.docx
        date: 2014-09-04
       words: 2928
      flesch: 53
     summary: O+O+•OHHO+O → -- , k = 2.8 × 106 M-1s-1 (von Gunten, 2003) Reaction 1 productsDMS+•OH → , k = 1.9 × 10 10 M-1s-1 (Bonifacic et al., 1975) Reaction 2 Figure 3 Removal efficiency of DMS under different processing conditions Figure 4 Examples of DMS concentration (m/z 63) when inject ozone and the fluctuation of dissolved ozone in the bubble reactor. Processing parameters, such as flow rate, DMS concentration, gas injection depth, and mixing approaches were evaluated.
    keywords: air; bubble; concentration; dms; flow; gas; ozone; reactor
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        item: #7076 of 7527
          id: cet-5292
      author: sauro
       title: Microsoft Word - 26jonassen.docx
        date: 2014-09-04
       words: 3383
      flesch: 53
     summary: Therefore, the adsorbent surface is positively charged at pH< 4.66 and negatively charged at pH> 4.66. 236 3.2 Effect of contact time and initial phenol concentration Various experimental parameters such as contact time, adsorbent dose, initial phenol concentration, temperature and solution pH were optimized.
    keywords: adsorbent; adsorption; equilibrium; phenol; removal; ssba
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        item: #7077 of 7527
          id: cet-5293
      author: sauro
       title: Microsoft Word - 26jonassen.docx
        date: 2014-09-04
       words: 2971
      flesch: 50
     summary: 3. Results and discussion 3.1 Precision Figure 3: Concentration of dimethyl sulfide in room ventilation air measured by PTR-MS (empty circles) and GC-SCD (full circle) with standard deviation (n around 40 and n=3, respectively) Figure 4: Concentration in room ventilation air (µg/m³) (a) and emission (g/h) (b) of dimethyl sulfide, p- cresol and propanoic acid over one week of measurements.
    keywords: air; analysis; concentration; pig; sampling; ventilation
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        item: #7078 of 7527
          id: cet-5294
      author: sauro
       title: Microsoft Word - 26jonassen.docx
        date: 2014-09-04
       words: 2601
      flesch: 38
     summary: It is suggested that in cases where storage over 4 hours is unavoidable, some preliminary measurements would be taken to assess the loss expected during storage and then use a correction factor to minimize underestimations of odor emissions. Conceptualized role of active vs. passive odor emissions during a full cycle of windrow composting (described in the text).
    keywords: dispersion; emission; measurement; odor; sampling; sources; uncertainties; use
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        item: #7079 of 7527
          id: cet-5295
      author: sauro
       title: Microsoft Word - 26jonassen.docx
        date: 2014-09-04
       words: 2920
      flesch: 50
     summary: Koziel, J.A., Spinhirne, J.P., Lloyd, J.D., Parker, D.B., Wright, D.W., Kuhrt, F.W., 2005, Evaluation of sample recovery of malodorous livestock gases from air sampling bags, solid-phase microextraction fibers, Tenax TA sorbent tubes, and sampling canisters, J. Air Waste Man. At each measurement day three repetitions were carried out at each odour source (before and after biological air cleaner; control versus slurry acidification).
    keywords: air; laboratory; odorants; odour; olfactometry; pig; slurry
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        item: #7080 of 7527
          id: cet-5296
      author: sauro
       title: Microsoft Word - 26jonassen.docx
        date: 2014-09-04
       words: 3130
      flesch: 53
     summary: Tea sample (50 ml) was taken in a Sample Chamber. Figure 3: Flow chart of the statistical correlation algorithm used for Aroma Score Generation of Tea sample under test 4.
    keywords: aroma; data; hen; nose; quality; sample; section; sensors; tea
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        item: #7081 of 7527
          id: cet-5297
      author: sauro
       title: Microsoft Word - 26jonassen.docx
        date: 2014-09-04
       words: 2711
      flesch: 55
     summary: Being an export commodity, ideal blossoming time and quality testing of jasmine flowers are extremely crucial matters in exportation of flowers and concrete. Hence, there is a need for an automated, portable, low-power, easy-to use and reliable machine, which can evaluate quality objectively and repetitively, so that it can assist the Floriculture Industry, research laboratories and flower exporters for final evaluation of jasmine flower and its concrete quality.
    keywords: compounds; concrete; flowers; fragrance; jasmine; jasminum; tgs; time
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        item: #7082 of 7527
          id: cet-5298
      author: sauro
       title: Microsoft Word - 26jonassen.docx
        date: 2014-09-04
       words: 3459
      flesch: 51
     summary: Determination of burning smell is important because it can help in early fire detection and prevention. Almost all the cases of fire can be prevented if the existing fire detection system is improved with reliable hardware incorporated with effective algorithm for early fire detection and prevention.
    keywords: burning; classification; data; detection; fire; nose; sensors; smell; system
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        item: #7083 of 7527
          id: cet-5299
      author: sauro
       title: Microsoft Word - 26jonassen.docx
        date: 2014-09-04
       words: 3988
      flesch: 50
     summary: Other odour dispersion models cover a wider geographical range (Yu et al., 2009). Modelling of odour dispersion around a pig farm building complex using AERMOD and CALPUFF.
    keywords: data; dispersion; german; impact; odour; planning; poland; procedures; protection; waste; zones
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        item: #7084 of 7527
          id: cet-530
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-530
        date: 2018-07-19
       words: 4197
      flesch: 51
     summary: Since then, the structural observability (Liu et al., 2013a), the control energy DOI: 10.3303/CET1870100 Please cite this article as: Leitold D., Vathy-Fogarassy A., Abonyi J., 2018, Design-oriented structural controllability and observability analysis of heat exchanger networks , Chemical Engineering Transactions, 70, 595-600 DOI:10.3303/CET1870100 595 (Yan et al., 2015), the effect of the degree correlation on the controllability (Pósfai et al., 2013), and the robustness of the input configuration (Liu et al., 2013b) have also been analysed. Pósfai, M., Liu, Y.Y., Slotine, J.J. & Barabási, A.L., 2013, Effect of correlations on network controllability.
    keywords: controllability; exchanger; heat; hens; network; nodes; observability; state
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        item: #7085 of 7527
          id: cet-5300
      author: sauro
       title: Microsoft Word - 26jonassen.docx
        date: 2014-09-04
       words: 2666
      flesch: 50
     summary: Compounds are identified using available databases or substances library stored in a computer based on used column (DB5) and the Kovats index. For example, from building materials, household products, human activities, cleaning, smoking, or industrial emissions, exhaust from vehicles are some of the anthropogenic sources of VOCs in the outdoor environment which contribute to indoor VOCs.
    keywords: air; compounds; house; laboratory; measurements; model; temperature; vocs
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        item: #7086 of 7527
          id: cet-5301
      author: sauro
       title: Microsoft Word - 26jonassen.docx
        date: 2014-09-04
       words: 3512
      flesch: 35
     summary: This aspect is particularly useful because it makes the software very versatile and easy to use even for inexperienced users who do not posses a deep knowledge of the fluid dynamics influencing the dispersion of contaminants and odors into the atmosphere (and, therefore, they would not be able to choose in between different dispersion models implemented into a software). Copelli S., Torretta V., Raboni M., Viotti P., Luciano A., Mancini G., Nano G., 2012, Improving Biotreatment Efficiency of Hot Waste Air Streams: Experimental Upgrade of a Full Plant, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 30, 49-54, DOI: 10.3303/CET1230009 Google Inc., 2014, Keyhole Markup Language – KML Documentation, <https://developers.google.com/kml/> accessed 20.05.2014. Holmes N. S., Morawska L., 2006, A review of dispersion modelling and its application to the dispersion of particles: An overview of different dispersion models available, Atmospheric Environment, 40, 5902- 5928, DOI: 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2006.06.003. Department for Environment Food and Rural Affairs (DEFRA), 2010, Odour Guidance for Local Authorities, DEFRA, London, UK.
    keywords: aermod; area; calpuff; dispersion; field; model; nm-3; odor; source; state
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        item: #7087 of 7527
          id: cet-5302
      author: sara
       title: Format And Type Fonts
        date: 2014-07-30
       words: 2796
      flesch: 46
     summary: © 2014, AIDIC Servizi S.r.l., ISBN 978-88-95608-30-3; ISSN 2283-9216 DOI: 10.3303/CET1439001 Please cite this article as: Lund H., Mathiesen B.V., Connolly D., Østergaard P.A., 2014, Renewable energy systems - a smart energy systems approach to the choice and modelling of 100 % renewable solutions, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 39, 1-6 DOI:10.3303/CET1439001 1 Renewable Energy Systems - A Smart Energy Systems Approach to the Choice and Modelling of 100 % Renewable Solutions Henrik Lund* a , Brian Vad Mathiesen b , David Connolly b , Poul A. Østergaard a a Aalborg University, Department of Planning and Development, Vestre Havnepromenade 9, Aalborg b Aalborg University, Department of Planning and Development, A.C. Meyers Vænge 15, Copenhagen Lund@plan.aau.dk This paper presents the learning of a series of studies that analyse the problems and perspectives of converting the present energy system into a 100 % renewable energy system using a smart energy systems approach. Moreover, the combination of electricity and gas infrastructures may play an important role in the design of future renewable energy systems.
    keywords: electricity; energy; gas; heating; power; systems
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        item: #7088 of 7527
          id: cet-5303
      author: sara
       title: Format And Type Fonts
        date: 2014-07-30
       words: 3709
      flesch: 52
     summary: Table 1: Stream data for Illustrative Case Study Stream Ts (°C) Tt (°C) ∆H (MW) ṁCP (kW/°C) Stream Ts (°C)
    keywords: design; heat; hen; interval; process; temperature; utility
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        item: #7089 of 7527
          id: cet-5304
      author: sara
       title: Format And Type Fonts
        date: 2014-09-16
       words: 3240
      flesch: 58
     summary: © 2014, AIDIC Servizi S.r.l., ISBN 978-88-95608-30-3; ISSN 2283-9216 DOI:10.3303/CET1439003 Please cite this article as: Li B.H., Zhang N., Smith R., 2014, Rate-based modelling of CO2 capture process by reactive absorption with MEA, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 39, 13-18 DOI:10.3303/CET1439003 13 Rate-Based Modelling of CO2 Capture Process by Reactive Absorption with MEA Bao-Hong Li* a , Nan Zhang b , Robin Smith b a Department of Chemical Engineering, Dalian Nationalities University, Dalian 116600, China b Centre for Process Integration, School of Chemical Engineering and Analytical Science, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK libh@dlnu.edu.cn A rate-based model of CO2 capture process by MEA is built within Aspen Plus V8.0 software in this study. A rate-based model of CO2 capture process by MEA is built in this study, which is based on an example model within Aspen Plus software (Aspen Technology, 2012).
    keywords: co2; mea; model; process; section
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        item: #7090 of 7527
          id: cet-5305
      author: sara
       title: Format And Type Fonts
        date: 2014-07-30
       words: 3863
      flesch: 59
     summary: Liu F., Zhang N., 2004, Strategy of purifier selection and integration in hydrogen networks, Chemical Engineering Research & Design, 82, 1315-1330. Wu S., Liu G., Yu Z., Feng X., Liu Y., Deng C., 2012, Optimization of hydrogen networks with constraints on hydrogen concentration and pure hydrogen load considered, Chemical Engineering Research and Design, 90, 1208-1220.
    keywords: gas; hydrogen; network; plant
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        item: #7091 of 7527
          id: cet-5306
      author: sara
       title: Format And Type Fonts
        date: 2014-07-30
       words: 3227
      flesch: 47
     summary: Gatti et al. (2013) looked at the role of energy integration in optimization of chilled methanol based CO2 capture process. The results of this sub-program are analysed as part of the wider Multi-Objective Optimisation (MOO) which sets the process decision variables such as the solvent flow-rates and solvent regeneration pressure levels in order to minimise the total electrical power consumption and maximise CO2 capture rate.
    keywords: bar; capture; case; co2; figure; optimisation; process; refrigeration; stage; temperature
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        item: #7092 of 7527
          id: cet-5307
      author: sara
       title: Format And Type Fonts
        date: 2014-07-30
       words: 3677
      flesch: 44
     summary: As mentioned above, the research was focused on the study of a single stage WGS catalyst; in particular, in this work some differently supported platinum based catalysts (CeO2, CeO2/ZrO2, 14 % CeO2/γ-Al2O3) were prepared and tested for the LT-WGS; the role of the support was investigated and the performances of potential one-stage WGS catalysts were tested. © 2014, AIDIC Servizi S.r.l., ISBN 978-88-95608-30-3; ISSN 2283-9216 DOI: 10.3303/CET1439006 Please cite this article as: Palma V., Pisano D., Martino M., Ricca A., Ciambelli P., 2014, Comparative studies of low temperature water gas shift reaction over platinum based catalysts, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 39, 31-36 DOI:10.3303/CET1439006 31 Comparative Studies of Low Temperature Water Gas Shift Reaction over Platinum Based Catalysts Vincenzo Palma, Domenico Pisano*, Marco Martino, Antonio Ricca, Paolo Ciambelli Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 13 - 84084 Fisciano (SA), Italy dpisano@unisa.it Water gas shift reaction (WGS) is normally performed in a two-stage process, a first stage at high temperature (HTS) conventionally carried out at 623 - 873 K on Fe/Cr-based catalyst, to take advantage from a fast reaction, and a second stage at low temperature (LTS) at 423 - 573 K on Cu/Zn-based catalysts, to reach a favourable thermodynamic equilibrium condition.
    keywords: catalysts; ceo2; ceria; reaction; stage; temperature; water; wgs
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        item: #7093 of 7527
          id: cet-5308
      author: sara
       title: Format And Type Fonts
        date: 2014-09-04
       words: 3009
      flesch: 42
     summary: Emersonprocessxperts, 2010, Reducing distillation column energy <www.emersonprocessxperts.com> accessed 27/02/2014. The neural networks models are then used for exergy efficiency optimisation subject to product quality constraints.
    keywords: ann; column; data; distillation; efficiency; exergy; models; network; optimisation
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        item: #7094 of 7527
          id: cet-5309
      author: sara
       title: Format And Type Fonts
        date: 2014-07-30
       words: 2878
      flesch: 54
     summary: Gundersen T., 2013, Analysis and design of heat recovery system for grassroots and retrofit situations, ha te (8), I : Klemeš, J.J. (E .), a b k e I te at ( I): m at E e y a Wateruse, Waste Emissions, Cambridge, United Kingdom, Woodhead Publishing/Elsevier. Then sub-system A with its connection to other sub-systems is separated from the rest of the graph (Figure 2.e).
    keywords: heat; hld; number; problem; streams; sub; system
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        item: #7095 of 7527
          id: cet-531
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-531
        date: 2018-07-19
       words: 2820
      flesch: 50
     summary: In this paper an approach is presented to incorporate different cost considerations for each match individually for the cost-optimal design of heat exchanger networks. References Brandt C., Fieg G., Luo X., 2011, Efficient synthesis of heat exchanger networks combining heuristic approaches with a genetic algorithm, Heat Mass Transfer, 47, 1019-1026.
    keywords: case; costs; engineering; exchanger; heat; integration; optimization; piping
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        item: #7096 of 7527
          id: cet-5310
      author: sara
       title: Format And Type Fonts
        date: 2014-07-30
       words: 2980
      flesch: 66
     summary:   (14) 3.2 The optimisation of cooling water auxiliary pump network The Sun et al’s method (2014) to optimise the auxiliary pump network is adopted in this paper. Picón-Núñez M., Morales-Fuentes A., 2007, Effect of network arrangement on the heat transfer area of cooling networks, Applied Thermal Engineering, 27, 2650-2656.
    keywords: cost; network; parallel; pump; water
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        item: #7097 of 7527
          id: cet-5311
      author: sara
       title: Format And Type Fonts
        date: 2014-07-30
       words: 4179
      flesch: 60
     summary: Focusing on hybrid power systems the method utilizes Composite Curves (Wan Alwi et al., 2012b) or Grand Composite Curves (Bandyopadhyay, 2011) similarly to the traditional Heat Pinch 56 (Klemeš, 2013). Power Pinch methods have also taken the form of a MILP-based transhipment model for targeting the outsourced electricity requirements (Chen et al., 2013) and allocating renewable electricity and storage components to demands in hybrid power systems (Chen et al., 2014).
    keywords: bat; energy; interval; pgcc; pms; power; soacc
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        item: #7098 of 7527
          id: cet-5312
      author: sara
       title: Format And Type Fonts
        date: 2014-09-16
       words: 3589
      flesch: 52
     summary: In this paper, factors are analyzed, which may influence the Pinch position, including the heat capacity flow rate of waste heat carrier; waste heat inlet temperature, evaporation temperature, the ratio of latent heat to sensible heat of working fluid. Pinch point position  hotin eva S eva win L ( + ) ( ) T T T R T T R     0.1 80 0.0417 90 66.3 VPP <0 90 0.0374 100 73.0 VPP <0 100 0.0328 110 81.0 VPP <0 110 0.0278 120 90.7 VPP <0 1 80 0.417 90 66.3 VPP <0 90 0.374 100 73.0 VPP <0 100 0.328 110 81.0 VPP <0 110 0.278 120 90.7 VPP <0 10 80 4.17 90 66.3 VPP <0 90 3.74 100 73.0 VPP <0 100 3.28 110 81.0 VPP <0 110 2.78 120 90.7 VPP <0 2.2 Effect of waste heat inlet temperature on the Pinch position As the heat capacity flow rate of waste heat carrier has no effect on the Pinch position, the heat capacity flow rate is taken as 1 kW/°C in the following calculations.
    keywords: heat; pinch; temperature; waste heat
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        item: #7099 of 7527
          id: cet-5313
      author: sara
       title: Format And Type Fonts
        date: 2014-09-05
       words: 2936
      flesch: 44
     summary: This paper presents the work that has been conducted in order to evaluate the potential benefits regarding energy- & cost saving and CO2 mitigation, when recovering and utilizing low temperature waste heat at an integrated steel plant in Sweden, SSAB EMEA Luleå. The concept of reusing low temperature waste heat (LTH) is therefore a concept which might be an economically viable alternative to further decrease the steel industry’s primary energy consumption and environmental impact.
    keywords: coke; energy; heat; plant; recovery; steel; temperature; waste
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        item: #7100 of 7527
          id: cet-5314
      author: sara
       title: Format And Type Fonts
        date: 2014-09-05
       words: 3491
      flesch: 59
     summary: In this work, solved problem of optimal design of FWN containing the source and sinks of process water as well as regeneration processes. Large number of papers has been published in the field of water network (WN) optimisation proposing many approaches to minimize water consumption, wastewater discharge and related costs.
    keywords: corner; flow; fwn; sink; source; structure; water
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        item: #7101 of 7527
          id: cet-5315
      author: sara
       title: Format And Type Fonts
        date: 2014-09-16
       words: 3319
      flesch: 40
     summary: It is known that only irreversible processes occur in the real world, and thanks to this theoretical concept, it is possible to find energy degradation processes that may be potentially useful. As the result, it was found that in the FCC separation system plant the highest potential for energy optimization is the main fractionator column, where energy losses were in order of 105 GJ/h, and cooling requirements of 240 GJ/h. From several proposed modifications, a potential reduction of around 10 % in exergy losses, compared with the base case is achievable.
    keywords: analysis; energy; fcc; losses; model; plant; process; processes; system
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        item: #7102 of 7527
          id: cet-5316
      author: sara
       title: Format And Type Fonts
        date: 2014-09-05
       words: 3161
      flesch: 41
     summary: This, along with the small energy consumption of the process and the high fluxes attained, makes nanofiltration membranes extremely useful in fractionation and selective removal of solutes from complex process streams (Benavente et al., 2010). Membrane nanofiltration is extremely complex and is dependent on the micro-hydrodynamics and interfacial events occurring at the membrane surface and within the membrane nanopores.
    keywords: brines; charge; concentration; desalination; membrane; model; nanofiltration; sulphate; water
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        item: #7103 of 7527
          id: cet-5317
      author: sara
       title: Format And Type Fonts
        date: 2014-09-05
       words: 2814
      flesch: 44
     summary: The goal of this work was to determine the optimal fraction of bagasse to be diverted to second generation ethanol production with regards to maximization of revenue. In the present article we investigate this problem for a study process : ethanol production from sugarcane bagasse by enzymatic hydrolysis and glucose fermentation.
    keywords: design; ethanol; heat; process; production; utility; value
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        item: #7104 of 7527
          id: cet-5318
      author: sara
       title: Format And Type Fonts
        date: 2014-09-05
       words: 3314
      flesch: 56
     summary: Asante, N.D.K., Zhu X.X., 1997, An automated and interactive approach for heat exchanger network retrofit, Chemical Engineering Research and Design, 75(part A), 349-360. BP, 2013, BP Statistical Review of World Energy June 2013, <www.bp.com/content/dam/bp/pdf/statistical- review/statistical_review_of_world_energy_2013.pdf> accessed 01.04.2014 Lakshmanan R., Bañares-Alcántara R., 1996, A Novel Visualisation Tool for Heat Exchanger Network Retrofit, Ind. Eng. The stream is replaced by boxes representing heat exchangers.
    keywords: heat; pinch; retrofit; stream; temperature
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        item: #7105 of 7527
          id: cet-5319
      author: sara
       title: Format And Type Fonts
        date: 2014-09-05
       words: 3733
      flesch: 51
     summary: Therefore it is often best to identify a number of heat recovery systems in order to be able to accommodate additional requirements such as operability, space availability, safety and cross- company collaboration. 3.2 Screening for site-wide heat recovery systems Figure 5 shows estimated PBP for a number of heat recovery systems identified applying the procedure illustrated in Figure 1.
    keywords: design; energy; heat; plant; process; recovery; site; steam; systems; utility
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        item: #7106 of 7527
          id: cet-532
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-532
        date: 2018-07-19
       words: 4140
      flesch: 59
     summary: The results show that the evolution of melt pool gradually enters into the quasi-steady-state for the moving laser condition, the deformation of free surface almost has no change near the forward of laser beam. References Han L., Liou F.W., Musti S., 2005, Thermal behaviour and geometry model of melt pool in laser material process, Journal of Heat Transfer, 127(9), 1005-1014.
    keywords: beam; evolution; figure; laser; melt; melt pool; pool; process; surface
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        item: #7107 of 7527
          id: cet-5320
      author: sara
       title: Format And Type Fonts
        date: 2014-09-16
       words: 2670
      flesch: 48
     summary: In this research, we investigated the feasibility of applying self-heat recuperation technology to DME production process using indirect method and developed an innovative process for DME production process from the energy saving point of view. 3. DME synthesis process The flow diagram of DME synthesis process is shown in Figure 2.
    keywords: dme; energy; heat; process; recuperation; self; technology
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        item: #7108 of 7527
          id: cet-5321
      author: sara
       title: Format And Type Fonts
        date: 2014-09-05
       words: 2408
      flesch: 48
     summary: Coagulation is an efficient process to 116 remove TSS and its application in the treatment of Produced Water result in a simultaneous removal of primary emulsion and TSS preserving membrane and adsorbent from fouling. In this study the removal of total suspended solids (TSS) from a real Produced Water, sampled at a full scale oil refinery plant, was optimized.
    keywords: al2(so4)3; fecl3; polyelectrolyte; tss; water
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        item: #7109 of 7527
          id: cet-5322
      author: sara
       title: Format And Type Fonts
        date: 2014-09-16
       words: 2402
      flesch: 61
     summary: Conclusion A modified stage-wise superstructure for solving heat exchanger network is presented. References Björk K.-M., Westerlund T., 2002, Global optimization of heat exchanger network synthesis problem with and without the isothermal mixing assumption, Computers & Chemical Engineering, 26(11), 1581- 1593.
    keywords: branch; heat; model; stage; stream; tac
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        item: #7110 of 7527
          id: cet-5323
      author: sara
       title: Format And Type Fonts
        date: 2014-09-06
       words: 2599
      flesch: 41
     summary: Figure 2: Predicted permeances by the regression model PMOD, versus permeance calculated from experiments PEXP: a) PDMS 1, b) PDMS 2, c) PDMS 3; butanol (triangle) and water (rhombus) 3.2 Flux and selectivity Implementation of the user-defined unit operation in the simulation software offers the opportunity to compare membrane process parameters like transmembrane component flux and selectivity. Shao P., Huang R., 2007, Polymeric membrane pervaporation, Journal of Membrane Science, 287, 162- 179, DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2006.10.043 Wijmans J., Baker R., 1995, The solution-diffusion model: a review, Journal of Membrane Science, 107, 1- 21, DOI: 10.1016/0376-7388(95)00102-I Vane L. M., 2005, A review of pervaporation for product recovery from biomass fermentation processes, Journal of Chemical Technology and Biotechnology, 80, 603-629, DOI: 10.1002/jctb.1265 Verhoef A., Degrève J., Huybrechs B., van Veen H., Pex P., Van der Bruggen B., 2008, Simulation of a hybrid pervaporation–distillation process, Computers & Chemical Engineering, 32, 1135-1146, DOI: 10.1016/j.compchemeng.2007.04.014
    keywords: membrane; model; operation; pervaporation; process; simulation; unit
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        item: #7111 of 7527
          id: cet-5324
      author: sara
       title: Format And Type Fonts
        date: 2014-09-06
       words: 2945
      flesch: 40
     summary: Quaglia A., Pennati A., Bogataj M., Kravanja Z., Sin G., Gani R., 2013, Industrial process water treatment and reuse: A framework for synthesis and design, Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research, DOI: 10.1021/ie401379j. Methodology for wastewater treatment network (WWTN) design and synthesis 3.1 Framework of WWTN design and synthesis problem A WWTN problem was synthesized and designed through the systematic framework proposed by Quaglia et al.
    keywords: design; industrial; model; network; problem; process; treatment; wastewater; water
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        item: #7112 of 7527
          id: cet-5325
      author: sara
       title: Format And Type Fonts
        date: 2014-09-06
       words: 3030
      flesch: 47
     summary: Recent studies have considered the significance of embodied energy inherent in building materials, with a specific focus on this fraction of sequestered energy (Dixit, 2010). Embodied energy (EE) is the energy utilized during manufacturing stage of building materials and represents the energy used to acquire raw materials (excavation), manufacture and transport.
    keywords: building; construction; emissions; energy; engineering; materials; structure; variant
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        item: #7113 of 7527
          id: cet-5326
      author: sara
       title: Format And Type Fonts
        date: 2014-09-16
       words: 3162
      flesch: 60
     summary: The symmetric constraints on control inputs and outputs in the form of Eq(4) can be added to the optimisation problem Eq(6) – Eq(7) in the following LMI form         On the other hand, the additional saturation of computed values of control inputs is necessary.
    keywords: case; control; step
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        item: #7114 of 7527
          id: cet-5327
      author: sara
       title: Format And Type Fonts
        date: 2014-09-06
       words: 1906
      flesch: 38
     summary: Several measures towards reducing compressors energy consumption, such as application of high- performance engines, application of VSD, prevention of leakage, reducing pressure drop, and application of efficient nozzles in compressors system have been reported (Abdelaziz et al., 2011). The results indicate that the use of a variable speed drive reduces electrical energy consumption and thus reduces greenhouse gas emissions due to the reduction of fossil fuel consumption.
    keywords: air; compressors; consumption; drive; energy; reduction
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        item: #7115 of 7527
          id: cet-5328
      author: sara
       title: Format And Type Fonts
        date: 2014-09-06
       words: 3046
      flesch: 55
     summary: To validate the theoretical model conduct – metrical measurements were used for experimental research of foam gypsum drying process (Gross et al., 2013). Iljins U., Skujans J., Ziemelis I., Gross U., Veinbergs A., 2009, Theoretical and experimental research on foam gypsum drying process, Chem.
    keywords: content; drying; gypsum; moisture; process; sample; time
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        item: #7116 of 7527
          id: cet-5329
      author: sara
       title: Format And Type Fonts
        date: 2014-09-16
       words: 3020
      flesch: 48
     summary: Then these products flow through the subcooler and main heat exchanger as coolant (high-purity N2: S4-1→S4-2→S4-3→S4- 165 Figure 2: Process configuration of conventional cryogenic air separation process 4→S4-5; low-purity N2: Another approach is to design novel cryogenic air separation processes that consume less energy.
    keywords: air; column; cryogenic; energy; heat; process
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        item: #7117 of 7527
          id: cet-533
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-533
        date: 2018-07-19
       words: 3791
      flesch: 57
     summary: In the proposed model, the numerical relationship between reactor temperature and operation time is represented by a linear fit, this will affect the accuracy of the optimization results. Problem Statement In refinery, the hydrogen stream separated from the effluent of the second-stage pygas hydrogenation reactor is generally the source (SRp) of hydrogen network, while the inlet hydrogen of this reactor is a sink (SKq).
    keywords: catalyst; hydrogen; hydrogenation; network; pygas; reactor; stage; temperature
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        item: #7118 of 7527
          id: cet-5330
      author: Petar
       title: 1123_029
        date: 2014-10-19
       words: 2060
      flesch: 49
     summary: 19, 61002 Kharkiv bNational Technical University “Kharkiv Polytechnic Institute”, 21 Frunze St., 61002 Kharkiv, Ukraine leonid.ulyev@gmail.com Hydrotreating section and catalytic reforming section of catalytic reforming unit L-35-11/600 were examined in this paper. Energy consumption for catalytic reforming section reduced by 6.4 MW.
    keywords: energy; heat; process; reforming; section; unit
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        item: #7119 of 7527
          id: cet-5331
      author: sara
       title: Format And Type Fonts
        date: 2014-09-06
       words: 2872
      flesch: 46
     summary: Magnetocaloric heat circulator based on self-heat recuperation technology, Chemical Engineering Science, 101, 5–12. The authors proposed the concept of using the active magnetic regeneration used in magnetic heat pumping in self-heat recuperation, and its energy saving potential has been presented through a one- dimensional mathematical model (Kotani et al., 2013b).
    keywords: energy; exchange; heat; magnetocaloric; process; temperature
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        item: #7120 of 7527
          id: cet-5332
      author: sara
       title: Format And Type Fonts
        date: 2014-09-06
       words: 2888
      flesch: 41
     summary: © 2014, AIDIC Servizi S.r.l., ISBN 978-88-95608-30-3; ISSN 2283-9216 DOI: 10.3303/CET1439031 Please cite this article as: Mizuno H., Kansha Y., Ishizuka M., Tsutsumi A., 2014, A novel thermal desalination process using fluidized bed, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 39, 181-186 DOI:10.3303/CET1439031 181 A Novel Thermal Desalination Process Using Fluidized Bed Hiroyuki Mizuno, Yasuki Kansha, Masanori Ishizuka, Atsushi Tsutsumi* Institute of Industrial Science, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8505, Japan, a-tsu2mi@iis.u-tokyo.ac.jp A self-heat recuperative seawater desalination process using fluidized bed evaporator with high recovery ratio (defined as product water flow rate divided by feed water flow rate) was proposed to develop a highly energy efficient desalination process. Therefore, the novel thermal seawater desalination process using fluidized bed with high recovery ratio can be developed when the proper fluidizing gas velocity is selected.
    keywords: bed; force; gas; process; seawater; umf; velocity
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        item: #7121 of 7527
          id: cet-5333
      author: sara
       title: Format And Type Fonts
        date: 2014-09-06
       words: 3268
      flesch: 50
     summary: = 0.005 190 Figure 4 presents the comparison of extraction solvents consumption relative to that of sulphotane assuming different purity of solvents. Simulation of the model hydrocarbon mixture separation in the presence of extraction solvents was carried out using the equilibrium model of a counter-current extraction column (Figure 2).
    keywords: aromatics; extraction; figure; hydrocarbons; liquid; separation; solvent; toluene
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        item: #7122 of 7527
          id: cet-5334
      author: sara
       title: Format And Type Fonts
        date: 2014-09-06
       words: 2670
      flesch: 59
     summary: Piping fixed-cost ($/y) (1) source to sink, (2) fresh to sink, (3) source to waste Piping variable cost ($/t) (1) source to sink, (2) fresh to sink, (3) source to waste Cold utility cost ($/kW y) Hot utility cost ($/kW y) Freshwater annual cost ($/y) Hot stream stage temperature ( ° C) Cold stream stage temperature ( ° C)
    keywords: cost; flowrate; heat; temperature; utility
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        item: #7123 of 7527
          id: cet-5335
      author: sara
       title: Format And Type Fonts
        date: 2014-09-06
       words: 3082
      flesch: 58
     summary: The simultaneous approach is carried out using simultaneous MINLP model for multiperiod which solves in one step. 2.2 Simultaneous approach In this approach, multiperiod HEN is generated by multiperiod MINLP superstructure-based model.
    keywords: heat; hen; period; sequential
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        item: #7124 of 7527
          id: cet-5336
      author: sara
       title: Format And Type Fonts
        date: 2014-09-06
       words: 3627
      flesch: 56
     summary: For palm cooking oil, the supply chain can be divided into six phases i.e. (1) palm plantation, (2) transportation from plantation to palm oil mill, (3) palm oil mill, (4) transportation from palm oil mill to palm oil refinery, (5) palm oil refinery and (6) transportation from palm oil refinery to a customer. Use of palm oil for power generation.
    keywords: carbon; co2; cooking; emission; oil; palm; palm oil; phase; product
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        item: #7125 of 7527
          id: cet-5337
      author: sara
       title: Format And Type Fonts
        date: 2014-09-16
       words: 4146
      flesch: 43
     summary: The results of such efforts provide significant evidence that prior to utilizing rigorous models or lab-scale experiments, simpler models may facilitate a quick and reliable screening of CO2 capture solvents. 3. Implementation 3.1 Solvent database and reference set The molecules considered as candidate CO2 capture solvents consist of 126 acyclic, aliphatic amines and hydroxyl-amines.
    keywords: amines; approach; capture; co2; models; molecules; properties; saft; solvents
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        item: #7126 of 7527
          id: cet-5338
      author: sara
       title: Format And Type Fonts
        date: 2014-09-06
       words: 3383
      flesch: 34
     summary: If dry algae extraction is selected, the algal paste will be either freeze-dried or thermally dried in the secondary dewatering section so that the water content is reduced to 15 % by weight. Supercritical carbon dioxide extraction presents the best extraction efficiency for both dry algae and wet algae at the expense of extremely high energy consumption.
    keywords: algal; carbon; constraints; engineering; extraction; objective; optimization; sequestration; technologies; unit
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        item: #7127 of 7527
          id: cet-5339
      author: sara
       title: Format And Type Fonts
        date: 2014-09-16
       words: 2587
      flesch: 55
     summary: However, the reduction of exhaust flue gas temperature has the challenge that acid gases may condense and thus corrosion takes place. [K ] Flue gas recycling ratio O₂ fraction = 3%; base case O₂ fraction = 5%; base case O₂ fraction = 3%; 1-stage O₂ fraction = 5%; 1-stage O₂ fraction = 3%; 2-stage O₂ fraction = 5%; 2-stage Figure 7: Exhaust flue gas temperature 5. Conclusions Oxy-combustion enables a higher concentration of CO2 in thermal power plants that makes CO2 capture easier.
    keywords: combustion; cycle; flue; fraction; gas; heat; oxy; temperature
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        item: #7128 of 7527
          id: cet-534
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-534
        date: 2018-07-19
       words: 3305
      flesch: 54
     summary: Among coal power plants, installed capacity of ultra-low emission coal power plants (SPCL and UPCL) increases from 169 GW in 2016 to 641 GW in 2020 due to the strong policy target, as presented in Figure 2. (1) 2.2.2 Physical constraints Power balancing The model requires that electricity demand of the ninety-six time blocks in each year should be satisfied by regional power generation and inter-regional power transmission as shown in Eq(2).
    keywords: air; china; generation; plants; power; r t; t t
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        item: #7129 of 7527
          id: cet-5340
      author: sara
       title: Format And Type Fonts
        date: 2014-09-06
       words: 3476
      flesch: 51
     summary: Further compression yields only marginal improvement in flue gas heat recovery. The high efficiency of the capture plant is due to flue gas heat recovery and CPU heat integration.
    keywords: boiler; compression; cpu; flue; heat; operating; oxygen; power; pressure
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        item: #7130 of 7527
          id: cet-5341
      author: sara
       title: Format And Type Fonts
        date: 2014-09-16
       words: 3237
      flesch: 48
     summary: N2 ratios in feed and distance between the UV lamp and the reactor on CO2 conversion. RSM was utilized to assess individual and interactive effects of parameters including UV light power, CO2:CH4:N2 ratios in feed and distance between UV lamp and reactor on CO2 conversion.
    keywords: ch4; co2; conversion; feed; lamp; light; power; reactor
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        item: #7131 of 7527
          id: cet-5342
      author: sara
       title: Format And Type Fonts
        date: 2014-09-06
       words: 3227
      flesch: 43
     summary: 0.1 1 10 100 1000 0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 m in im u m f lo w ra te (k g a b so rv e n t/ k g C O 2 ) chemical absorbent mass fraction in water PCO2 = 1 bar DIPA MDEA DEA DGA AMP MEA NH3 Figure 3: Chemical absorption of carbon dioxide at 1 bar 0.1 1 10 100 1000 0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 m in im u m f lo w ra te (k g a b so rv e n t/ k g C O 2 ) chemical absorbent mass fraction in water PCO2 = 0.25 bar DIPA MDEA DEA DGA AMP MEA NH3 Figure 4: Chemical absorption of carbon dioxide at 0.25 bar 0.1 1 10 100 1000 0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 m in im u m f lo w ra te (k g a b so rv e n t/ k g C O 2 ) chemical absorbent mass fraction in water MEA 1 MEA 0.5 MEA 0.25 NH3 1 NH3 0.5 NH3 0.25 Figure 5: Pressure influence on chemical absorption for components with low minimum flowrate 245 At the contrary of the situation illustrated in Figure 2, where the pressure had a great influence, the differences between Figure 3, where the pressure of carbon dioxide is 1 bar and the Figure 4, where the pressure of CO2 is 0.25 bar, are minor. Methanol is used successfully for CO2 absorption with low energy requirements when the streams and columns are properly pressurized (Gatti et al, 2013).
    keywords: absorbent; absorption; carbon; chemical; co2; figure; flow; minimum; rate
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        item: #7132 of 7527
          id: cet-5343
      author: sara
       title: Format And Type Fonts
        date: 2014-09-06
       words: 3496
      flesch: 40
     summary: It can be observed that for biomass direct chemical looping case, the specific capital investment has the lowest value among the evaluated cases (about 4.8 percentage points less than syngas-based chemical looping design and 8.2 percentage points compared to Selexol ® -based design). The O&M costs show a reversed trend, the highest value being for biomass direct chemical looping case (about 8 percentage points higher than Case 2 and 13.4 points higher than Case 3).
    keywords: biomass; case; chemical; co2; costs; energy; hydrogen; looping; plant; power
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        item: #7133 of 7527
          id: cet-5344
      author: sara
       title: Format And Type Fonts
        date: 2014-09-06
       words: 3435
      flesch: 63
     summary: Not a valid bookmark self-reference.. Table 2: Optimal IL molecular design results IL chosen Predicted solubility, x1 Molecular weight, M(g mol -1 ) Predicted density,  (g cm -3 ) Predicted viscosity, μ (Pa.s) Experimental solubility Relative deviation, RD (%) Modelling of Constraints 3.1 Property constraints In IL solvent design formulations, viscosity is an important property because it will affect the IL affinity to capture CO2.
    keywords: co2; design; group; ils; ionic; liquid; model; molecular
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        item: #7134 of 7527
          id: cet-5345
      author: sara
       title: Format And Type Fonts
        date: 2014-09-16
       words: 2201
      flesch: 56
     summary: Results and discussion PEI with different molecular weights - Mw, which were low molecular weight PEI (Low Mw PEI, Mw = 2,000), medium molecular weight PEI (Med Mw PEI, Mw = 25,000), and high molecular weight PEI (High Mw PEI, Mw = 600,000 - 1,000,000), were impregnated on activated carbons (ACs). 261 Table 1: Amounts of PEI impregnated on ACs Initial concentration of PEI solution (g/L) PEI impregnated on activated carbon (wt% PEI) Low Mw PEI 1.0 1.68 2.5 2.18 5.0 2.84 Med Mw PEI 1.0 0.73 2.5 1.16 5.0 1.90 High Mw PEI 1.0 0.16 2.5 0.45 5.0 0.86 Figure 2: TGA and DTG thermograms of (a) AC, (b) 2.84 wt% Low Mw PEI/AC, (c) 1.90 wt% Med Mw PEI/AC, and (d) 0.86 wt% High Mw PEI/AC (a) (b) (c) (d) 262 Figure 3: FTIR Spectra of (a) AC, (b)-(d) 1.68, 2.18, and
    keywords: adsorption; capacity; co2; high; pei
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        item: #7135 of 7527
          id: cet-5346
      author: sara
       title: Format And Type Fonts
        date: 2014-09-16
       words: 2353
      flesch: 56
     summary: Adsorption process is classical method for the processing, PSA (Pressure Swing Adsorption) process particularly. Efficiency of adsorption process on laboratory PSA unit was 77 %, as compared with adsorption isotherm.
    keywords: adsorption; biogas; carbon; gas; pressure; process; psa
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        item: #7136 of 7527
          id: cet-5347
      author: sara
       title: Format And Type Fonts
        date: 2014-09-16
       words: 3947
      flesch: 55
     summary: The Si-MCM- 41 material also shows an increased in CO2 adsorption with increased temperature with 335.77 mg-CO2/g- adsorbent adsorbed at 50 o C. However, further increase in temperature to 75 o C and 100 o C decreases the adsorption of CO2 to 295.07 mg-CO2/g-adsorbent and 269.86 mg-CO2/g-adsorbent, respectively. The rise of temperature from 25-50 o C showed increase of CO2 adsorption i.e. 335.77 mg/g.
    keywords: adsorption; bar; carbon; co2; figure; gas; mcm-41; pore; pressure; temperature
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        item: #7137 of 7527
          id: cet-5348
      author: sara
       title: Format And Type Fonts
        date: 2014-09-16
       words: 3642
      flesch: 63
     summary: In this work, we consider the optimal design and operations of a pressure/vacuum swing adsorption (PSA/VSA) process for CO2 capture from flue gas. A case study is presented to illustrate the application of the proposed modeling and optimization framework on a two-stage PSA/VSA system for CO2 capture from flue gas.
    keywords: co2; cost; flue; gas; material; process; stage; water
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        item: #7138 of 7527
          id: cet-5349
      author: sara
       title: Format And Type Fonts
        date: 2014-09-07
       words: 3613
      flesch: 48
     summary: (2013) in a novel approach for the design of ORC working fluid mixtures. To date solar ORC utilizing pure working fluids have been widely investigated (Wang et al., 2013), due to their simpler thermodynamic and operating characteristics compared to mixed working fluids.
    keywords: heat; mixtures; orc; papadopoulos; performance; power; temperature; working
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        item: #7139 of 7527
          id: cet-535
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-535
        date: 2018-07-19
       words: 2775
      flesch: 53
     summary: The food, DOI: 10.3303/CET1870105 Please cite this article as: Assawamartbunlue K., Kunrapeegayson N., Limwattana P., 2018, Specific energy consumption of sugar cane mills in thailand , Chemical Engineering Transactions, 70, 625-630 DOI:10.3303/CET1870105 625 beverage and tobacco sector is the most energy-consumed sector, approximately 35.7 % of industry sector consumption. The equations for sugar cane mills with own power plant are as follows: Juice extraction season; 𝐵𝐸𝐶 = 192,671.510 + 43,279.532 𝑥3, 𝑅 2 = 0.740 (1) 𝑆𝐸𝐶 = −146.442 + 1.297𝑥1 + 1.431𝑥2 + 2.924𝑥3 − 0.00031𝑥1𝑥2𝑥3
    keywords: consumption; energy; plant; power; season; sugar
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        item: #7140 of 7527
          id: cet-5350
      author: sara
       title: Format And Type Fonts
        date: 2014-09-07
       words: 2796
      flesch: 52
     summary: But all of these studies have failed in complementing those achievements with the saving of 290 Figure 1: Cooling water system electric energy that can also be achieved in direct correlation with the changes implemented to a cooling system 2. Minimization of operational costs in cooling water systems.
    keywords: cooling; energy; exchange; heat; network; system; water
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        item: #7141 of 7527
          id: cet-5351
      author: sara
       title: Format And Type Fonts
        date: 2014-09-07
       words: 3206
      flesch: 52
     summary: Zhang L., 2009, Flow maldistribution and thermal performance deterioration in a cross-flow air to air heat exchanger with plate-fin cores, Int. Yaïci W., Ghorab M., Entchev E., 2014, 3D CFD analysis of the effect of inlet air flow maldistribution on the fluid flow and heat transfer performances of plate-fin-and-tube laminar heat exchangers, Int.
    keywords: air; deterioration; exchanger; flow; heat; maldistribution; performance; transfer; vanes
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        item: #7142 of 7527
          id: cet-5352
      author: sara
       title: Format And Type Fonts
        date: 2014-09-07
       words: 2733
      flesch: 52
     summary: © 2014, AIDIC Servizi S.r.l., ISBN 978-88-95608-30-3; ISSN 2283-9216 DOI: 10.3303/CET1439051 Please cite this article as: Picón-Núñez M., Rodríguez-Ibarra J.E., Alvarado-Briones B., 2014, Design of heat exchangers in complex arrangements for use in preheat trains, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 39, 301-306 DOI:10.3303/CET1439051 301 Design of Heat Exchangers in Complex Arrangements for Use in Preheat Trains Martin Picón-Núñez*, Jonathan E. Rodríguez-Ibarra, Benjamín Alvarado-Briones Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Guanajuato, Noria Alta s/n, Guanajuato, Gto., Mexico, C.P. 36050 picon@ugto.mx Welded plate heat exchangers such as compabloc units, have found wide application in heat recovery systems, particularly in crude preheat trains. An important step in the design of heat exchangers is the determination of the correction factor of the logarithmic- temperature difference.
    keywords: design; exchangers; flow; heat; number; passes; stream; transfer
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        item: #7143 of 7527
          id: cet-5353
      author: sara
       title: Format And Type Fonts
        date: 2014-09-16
       words: 2968
      flesch: 49
     summary: Focke W.W., Zachariades J., Olivier I., 1985, The effect of the corrugation inclination angle on the thermohydraulic performance of plate heat exchangers, Int. Gut J.A.W., Pinto J.M., 2003, Modeling of plate heat exchangers with generalized configurations, International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, 46(14), 2571-2585.
    keywords: drop; fluid; heat; phe; plate; pressure; rating; transfer
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        item: #7144 of 7527
          id: cet-5354
      author: sara
       title: Format And Type Fonts
        date: 2014-09-07
       words: 3014
      flesch: 49
     summary: First possibility considered by Cousins et al.(2010) related to inside HEN AU heat integration and was connected with use of top condenser for water vapor/CO2 as the preheater of rich absorbent before rich/lean recuperative heat exchanger. To reduce capital cost of the rich/lean heat exchanger position it is reasonable to consider different types of heat exchangers use: plate-and-frame and shell-and-tube, as mentioned above.
    keywords: capture; co2; cost; exchanger; heat; lean; mea; solution; temperature
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        item: #7145 of 7527
          id: cet-5355
      author: sara
       title: Format And Type Fonts
        date: 2014-09-07
       words: 2757
      flesch: 61
     summary: Picón-Núñez et al. (2012) developed the graphical design method originally applied for shell and tube heat exchangers and extended to the case of spiral heat exchangers which have similar and simpler structure than the multilayer SWHEs. Although this kind of heat exchanger has been put into use, the mechanism of flow and heat transfer on shell side is still not clarified yet and the method how to calculate the heat transfer coefficient and friction accurately is still being studied.
    keywords: flow; heat; pressure; space; transfer; tube
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        item: #7146 of 7527
          id: cet-5356
      author: sara
       title: Format And Type Fonts
        date: 2014-09-07
       words: 2604
      flesch: 54
     summary: Hao et al. (2008) took fin geometry parameters as variables and minimised the total heat exchanger weight or annual cost to select fin types and design a cross-flow plate-fin heat exchanger. Lee (2002) proposed two new concepts (identical-fin concept and Z-Y graph) to select fin types in the design stage.
    keywords: design; exchanger; fin; heat; plate; temperature; transfer
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        item: #7147 of 7527
          id: cet-5357
      author: sara
       title: Format And Type Fonts
        date: 2014-09-07
       words: 2853
      flesch: 52
     summary: Fuzzy control is nowadays successful control approach to complex nonlinear systems or even nonanalytic ones. Fuzzy control has been suggested as an alternative approach to conventional control techniques in many situations.
    keywords: control; controller; engineering; exchanger; figure; heat; model; network; process
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        item: #7148 of 7527
          id: cet-5358
      author: sara
       title: Format And Type Fonts
        date: 2014-09-16
       words: 2615
      flesch: 40
     summary: In this work, characteristic of palm biomasses based on literature are presented in radar chart. Yusoff (2006) summarised utilisation of palm oil biomass in energy generation and fertiliser production.
    keywords: analysis; approach; belca; biomass; characteristic; element; industry; palm
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        item: #7149 of 7527
          id: cet-5359
      author: sara
       title: Format And Type Fonts
        date: 2014-09-07
       words: 2370
      flesch: 55
     summary: In recent years, biogas has increasingly been used for electric power production. This case study will later on show the behavior of electric power production by biogas with an engine- generator and its behavior with different electric loads.
    keywords: biogas; case; electric; energy; engine; power; production
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        item: #7150 of 7527
          id: cet-536
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-536
        date: 2018-07-19
       words: 2942
      flesch: 46
     summary: It is recommended that further validation to be carried out for the proposed FiT by comparing the rate to biomethane FiT of other countries in relative to natural gas price, as natural gas price in Malaysia is still relatively cheaper than other countries. Although the price of biomethane FiT is almost double the piped gas price, with government subsidy rationalisation plan which resulting in higher piped natural gas price, it is foreseen biomethane can be a competitive renewable gas as natural gas.
    keywords: biomethane; cost; energy; fit; gas; grid; malaysia; myr; production
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        item: #7151 of 7527
          id: cet-5360
      author: sara
       title: Format And Type Fonts
        date: 2014-09-07
       words: 3622
      flesch: 42
     summary: Process description 2.1 Hydrogen production from glycerol supercritical water reforming process 5.1.3 Effects of pressure on the supercritical reforming reaction As discussed in the previous section, the suitable temperature for glycerol supercritical reforming reaction is 800  C. Consequently, this temperature is selected for studying the effect of pressure.
    keywords: absorption; co2; glycerol; hydrogen; process; production; reforming; water
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        item: #7152 of 7527
          id: cet-5361
      author: sara
       title: Format And Type Fonts
        date: 2014-09-16
       words: 2604
      flesch: 52
     summary: The first one is a business as usual scenario with no desalination, a desalination scenario and two desalination scenarios that utilize the produced brine as energy storage in pump hydro plants. The potential that RES have on the increase of the energy independence 356 and the reduction of CO2 emissions of an energy system has already been discussed in great detail (Ćosić et al., 2011) as is the need for energy storage in cases where a lot of intermittent RES are being used (Krajačić et al., 2010).
    keywords: desalination; electricity; energy; h2res; jordan; system; water
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        item: #7153 of 7527
          id: cet-5362
      author: sara
       title: Format And Type Fonts
        date: 2014-09-07
       words: 3869
      flesch: 54
     summary: If solar heat is available at enthalpy levels that exceed the hot storage pinch, for example in the middle of the day on a 365 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 0 5000 10000 15000 20000 25000 30000 35000 U ti li ty u se a n d s o la r h e a ti n g [ M W ] Solar collector area One opportunity that lowers the cost of solar process heat is to integrate solar with an indirect heat recovery system like a Heat Recovery Loop (HRL) (Walmsley et al., 2014).
    keywords: heat; hot; hrl; loop; pinch; solar; storage; tank
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        item: #7154 of 7527
          id: cet-5363
      author: sara
       title: Format And Type Fonts
        date: 2014-09-07
       words: 2966
      flesch: 35
     summary: Based on analysis of operational pattern of existing 1 MW organic Rankine cycle plant in wood pellets processing industry a simplified simulation analysis of yearly operation of second, low temperature ORC plant has been performed and implementation potential has been assessed. An estimate was made in order to determine the amount of available waste heat which could be utilised in low temperature ORC plant.
    keywords: cycle; electricity; heat; load; operation; orc; plant; rankine; temperature; water
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        item: #7155 of 7527
          id: cet-5364
      author: sara
       title: Format And Type Fonts
        date: 2014-09-07
       words: 3287
      flesch: 49
     summary: (2011) concluded that the efficient use of process heat is crucial for the GHG performance of gasification based bio-SNG systems and Steubing et al. The fuel emission factors used in the GHG emission evaluation were; 21.8 kg CO2 eq MWh -1 for forest residues, based on the scenario of wood Figure 1: Flow sheet of biomass gasification based SNG production and final upgrading to grid quality Table 1: Case description Case Turbine inlet data (T, P) Mode Biomass drying S1 450 °C, 60 bar Condensing Process integrated steam drying S2 450 °C, 60 bar Backpressure 0.95 bar, S3 450 °C, 60 bar Backpressure 2.5 bar S4 600 °C, 115 bar Condensing O1 450 °C, 60 bar Condensing Off-site drying O2 450 °C, 60 bar Backpressure 0.95 bar chips in southern Sweden by Lindholm et al. (2010b) for soil carbon impact, and Lindholm et al. (2010a) for production and distribution (with an updated transportation distance to 100 km) and Gode et al. (2011) for combustion; 285.8 kg CO2 eq.
    keywords: biomass; co2; emission; ghg; heat; power; process; production; sng
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        item: #7156 of 7527
          id: cet-5365
      author: sara
       title: Format And Type Fonts
        date: 2014-09-07
       words: 2542
      flesch: 40
     summary: © 2014, AIDIC Servizi S.r.l., ISBN 978-88-95608-30-3; ISSN 2283-9216 DOI: 10.3303/CET1439064 Please cite this article as: Piemonte V., Paola L.D., Gentile A., Masciocchi B., Russo V., Iaquaniello G., 2014, Biodiesel production from microalgae: ionic liquid process simulation, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 39, 379-384 DOI:10.3303/CET1439064 379 Biodiesel Production from Microalgae: Ionic Liquid Process Simulation Vincenzo Piemonte a , Luisa Di Paola a , Alessio Gentile b , Barbara Masciocchi b , Valentina Russo a , Gaetano Iaquaniello c a University Campus Biomedico of Rome, via Alvaro del Portillo, 21, 00128 Rome, Italy b Processi Innovativi S.r.l, Corso Federico II, 36, 67100 L'Aquila, Italy c KT Kinetics Technology S.p.A., Viale Castello della Magliana, 75, 00148 Rome, Italy v.piemonte@unicampus.it Biodiesel is the most used biofuel, but a large scale production requires processes which have an economic competitiveness and a low environmental impact. The strong point of this process, with respect to traditional oil recovery processes, is the green character of ionic liquids processes, relying on simpler equipment, carried out at milder operating.
    keywords: biodiesel; extraction; ionic; liquid; microalgae; oil; process; production; simulation
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        item: #7157 of 7527
          id: cet-5366
      author: sara
       title: Format And Type Fonts
        date: 2014-09-08
       words: 2750
      flesch: 59
     summary: The first – representing the reference case - is a conventional 320 MW coal steam power plant, while the other two are coal steam power plants with geothermal feed-water preheating respectively of 320 MW and 160 MW. International Energy Agency, 2013, 2013 Key World Energy Statistics Report <www.iea.org/publications/freepublications/publication/KeyWorld2013.pdf> accessed 21.02.2014 Manfrida G., Fiaschi D., 2009, Integration of geothermal energy in steam power plants.
    keywords: coal; cost; geothermal; plant; power; steam
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        item: #7158 of 7527
          id: cet-5367
      author: sara
       title: Format And Type Fonts
        date: 2014-09-08
       words: 3417
      flesch: 54
     summary: To perform process simulations, a modelling for HTSE based on experimental observations is implemented. In the present study, an original Power-to-Substitute Natural Gas (SNG) process combining high-temperature steam electrolysis and CO2 methanation is designed and simulated.
    keywords: case; co2; efficiency; gas; methanation; power; process; sng; temperature
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        item: #7159 of 7527
          id: cet-5368
      author: sara
       title: Format And Type Fonts
        date: 2014-09-08
       words: 2489
      flesch: 40
     summary: This may be achieved either by vapour recompression, using high pressure steam through a steam nozzle (thermo-compressor) to compress a lower pressure vapour to an intermediate pressure, or through mechanical vapour recompression using centrifugal compressors to do the recompression. There are two types of vapour recompression: thermo-compression and mechanical recompression.
    keywords: effect; evaporation; process; recompression; steam; system; vapour
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        item: #7160 of 7527
          id: cet-5369
      author: sara
       title: Format And Type Fonts
        date: 2014-09-08
       words: 3012
      flesch: 61
     summary: Biomass physical characteristics include its moisture content and bulk density. Bulk density is defined as the ratio of biomass mass over its volume.
    keywords: air; bci; biomass; bulk; content; density; fruit; moisture
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        item: #7161 of 7527
          id: cet-537
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-537
        date: 2018-07-19
       words: 3474
      flesch: 49
     summary: 3.3 The effect of flow Flow plays a role in mass transfer and shear stress effect which may interfere with solution adsorption at MgO surface, but it is always neglected in the immersion experiment. 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 0.000 0.005 0.010 F=0.1(kcal/mol•Å) F=0.2(kcal/mol•Å) F=0.3(kcal/mol•Å) z(Å) u ( Å /f s) Figure 5: The distribution of x direction velocity perpendicular to the wall under different external force 640 The numerical simulation of pressure-driven flow of liquid NaCl solution simulation between the metal and vacuum is carried out by applying constant force (from F=0.1 kcal/(mol•Å) to F=0.3 kcal/(mol•Å)) to each atom along the x direction, after the static adsorption comes to equilibrium.
    keywords: adsorption; density; flow; force; metal; solution; study; surface; temperature
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        item: #7162 of 7527
          id: cet-5370
      author: sara
       title: Format And Type Fonts
        date: 2014-09-16
       words: 2766
      flesch: 48
     summary: The functional blocks implementing the polynomial relationships (5) and (6) are denoted with different background colour 412 Figure 3: Simulation of cell model with constant 5 A current for 1 d. As it was expected, as the amount of water decreases and the KOH concentration increase, the H2 generation speed decreases and the cell finally stops 3. Dry cell model in complex energy systems The H2 generating cell model developed in the previous section was investigated in Matlab Simulink simulation environment that simulates the energy flow conditions of a complex energy system consisting of a renewable source with a grid-synchronized inverter, a low voltage grid, an intermediate voltage controller (see Görbe et al. 2010) and a Lithium-ion battery.
    keywords: cell; energy; generation; grid; hydrogen; model; system
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        item: #7163 of 7527
          id: cet-5371
      author: sara
       title: Format And Type Fonts
        date: 2014-09-16
       words: 3271
      flesch: 44
     summary: As a consequence, there are many researchers being pursued in the development of hydrogen production process. In this work, methane (CH4) and steam are main reactants for hydrogen production process.
    keywords: operating; process; rate; smr; steam
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        item: #7164 of 7527
          id: cet-5372
      author: sara
       title: Format And Type Fonts
        date: 2014-09-16
       words: 3146
      flesch: 58
     summary: 3.3 Infrared spectra As shown in Figure 1, the spectra of unreacted methyl ester from four systems (b-d) show mostly the same functional groups as palm oil methyl ester (a). © 2014, AIDIC Servizi S.r.l., ISBN 978-88-95608-30-3; ISSN 2283-9216 DOI: 10.3303/CET1439071 Please cite this article as: Tulathammakit H., Kitiyanan B., 2014, Synthesis of methyl ester sulphonate surfactant from palm oil methyl ester by using UV or ozone as an initiator, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 39, 421-426 DOI:10.3303/CET1439071 421 Synthesis of Methyl Ester Sulphonate Surfactant from Palm Oil Methyl Ester by Using UV or Ozone as an Initiator Hattaya Tulathammakit, Boonyarach Kitiyanan* The Petroluem and Petrochemical College, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand boonyarach.k@chula.ac.th Methyl ester sulphonate (MES) derived from palm oil is environmental friendly and offers good detergent properties.
    keywords: acid; ester; mes; methyl; so2; water
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        item: #7165 of 7527
          id: cet-5373
      author: sara
       title: Format And Type Fonts
        date: 2014-09-08
       words: 3454
      flesch: 46
     summary: When comparing with CS1 structure, CS2 control structure gives smoother and faster responses to the disturbance in butanol feed flow. i 1 1 j j j j j j i j i dU V L F V L v r dt                (1) ๖ ๗ , , 1 1 , 1 1 , , , j
    keywords: acetate; butyl; control; j j; stage; temperature
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        item: #7166 of 7527
          id: cet-5374
      author: sara
       title: Format And Type Fonts
        date: 2014-09-08
       words: 2578
      flesch: 62
     summary: In order to solve AWS scheduling problems with the S-graph framework, an analogy is given between the components of the AWS and batch processes:  Using the described analogy, the S-graph algorithms from the literature are capable of solving wide-range of AWS scheduling problems, even the ones featuring multiple baths per stage, re-entrant flow, LW policy, and robot movement zones.
    keywords: graph; model; scheduling
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        item: #7167 of 7527
          id: cet-5375
      author: sara
       title: Format And Type Fonts
        date: 2014-09-16
       words: 3817
      flesch: 29
     summary: The results indicate that different research strategies decided upon at the academy level can enhance or thwart industry’s ability to appropriate the value of the university output, whereas market-oriented technology trajectories and roadmaps drawn at the industry level can increase uncertainty and risk if the diffusive and elusive nature of academic research is neglected. This paper uses biosensors as an exemplar to study the dynamic structure of this innovation system, in an attempt to frame it by considering (i) its scientific basis, towards (but not through) its commercial applications (within- academy R&D), and (ii) the factors intrinsic to the technology itself (technology barriers) that could ultimately determine its rate of commercialization (R&D transfer from academy to industry).
    keywords: industry; innovation; knowledge; nano; nanotechnology; r&d; research; technology; university; value
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        item: #7168 of 7527
          id: cet-5376
      author: sara
       title: Format And Type Fonts
        date: 2014-09-16
       words: 5147
      flesch: 61
     summary: Norrman and Janson (2004): “Supply chain risk management is to (collaborate) with partners in a supply chain apply risk management process tools to deal with risks and uncertainties caused by, or impacting on, logistics related activities or resources”. Supply chain risk management According to Waters (2011) supply chain risk management is the process of systematically identifying, analysing and dealing with risks to supply chains.
    keywords: c e; e e; e m; e n; e s; o n; s s
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        item: #7169 of 7527
          id: cet-5377
      author: sara
       title: Format And Type Fonts
        date: 2014-09-08
       words: 2877
      flesch: 36
     summary: Precipitate 1 40.54 0.0522 0.0693 -0.0172 2 40.32 0.0505 0.0692 -0.0187 3 39.42 0.0489 0.0760 -0.0271 4 41.27 0.0611 0.0403 0.0208 5 37.97 0.0474 0.0783 -0.0309 6 37.52 0.0485 0.0809 -0.0324 7 39.05 0.0504 0.0744 -0.0240 8 49.27 0.0985 0.0580 0.0405 9 49.93 0.1044 0.0519 0.0525 10 49.12 0.0980 0.0533 0.0448 Scaling formation in evaporators is observed only at higher values of black liquor solids content (about 41 wt/%),and this phenomenon requires that sodium salts are dissociated no more in the solution. 4. Conclusion This work is important to understand the process of scaling formation in black liquor evaporators.
    keywords: content; formation; liquor; salts; sodium; solids; solubility; sulphate
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        item: #7170 of 7527
          id: cet-5378
      author: sara
       title: Format And Type Fonts
        date: 2014-09-08
       words: 2789
      flesch: 49
     summary: More recently, Boix et al (2012) tackled industrial water network design problems using a multi-objective optimization strategy, in which fresh water, regenerated water, and the number of connections in the network were minimized. Conclusions This paper discusses interplant water network design using stochastic optimization, by means of genetic algorithms.
    keywords: design; network; piping; plant; s d; s s; type; water
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        item: #7171 of 7527
          id: cet-5379
      author: sara
       title: Format And Type Fonts
        date: 2014-09-08
       words: 3249
      flesch: 51
     summary: The major polyphenols in artichoke are caffeoylquinic acids, a group of esters of quinic and caffeic acids, but many other bioactives, such as luteolin and apigenin derivatives, are also present (Pandino et al., 2011). Studies have also shown that the amount of polyphenols in artichokes may vary significantly with developmental stage and genotype, and that they tend to accumulate preferentially in different plant parts (Pandino et al., 2013).
    keywords: artichoke; bracts; extraction; polyphenols; recovery; solvent; stems; waste
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        item: #7172 of 7527
          id: cet-538
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-538
        date: 2018-07-19
       words: 4045
      flesch: 47
     summary: A reference coal fired power plant without CO2 capture system is compared with an equivalent oxy-combustion plant and with a plant retrofitted with a CaL process for CO2 capture. Thus, by integrating membrane separation, partial oxy-combustion, and the CaL process, energy consumption for CO2 capture can be as low as ~3 MJ/kg CO2, whereas other capture systems consume up to 25 % more energy (as in the case of oxy-combustion).
    keywords: bar; cal; capture; co2; combustion; energy; gas; membrane; oxy; process
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        item: #7173 of 7527
          id: cet-5380
      author: sara
       title: Format And Type Fonts
        date: 2014-09-08
       words: 2201
      flesch: 52
     summary: The purpose of this paper is to simulate acetone from IPA process flowsheet. This stream is then separated into IPA-water azeotrope and water streams in the second column.
    keywords: acetone; column; ipa; process; product; reaction; stream; water
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        item: #7174 of 7527
          id: cet-5381
      author: sara
       title: Format And Type Fonts
        date: 2014-09-08
       words: 3138
      flesch: 53
     summary: A simplified vehicle objective cost function is constructed, taking into account the vehicle powertrain cost (production) and vehicle operating cost. The main design criteria for modern sustainable development of vehicle powertrain are the high energy efficiency of the conversion system, the competitive cost and the lowest possible environmental impacts.
    keywords: consumption; cost; electric; energy; fuel; optimization; powertrain; vehicle
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        item: #7175 of 7527
          id: cet-5382
      author: sara
       title: Format And Type Fonts
        date: 2014-09-08
       words: 2648
      flesch: 43
     summary: Figure 5: Fraction of wood ash bigger than 1.73 mm a) b) c) d) Figure 6: Wood ash and municipal solid waste fraction: a) =1.73 mm - >0.86 mm, b) = 0.86 mm - > 0.38 mm, c) The scanning electron micrograph of wood ash and municipal solid waste in 2,000 X magnifications (Figure 1b) presents existence of calcium carbonate, as carbonation crystals.
    keywords: ash; biogas; calcium; kilns; waste; wood
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        item: #7176 of 7527
          id: cet-5383
      author: sara
       title: Format And Type Fonts
        date: 2014-09-08
       words: 3044
      flesch: 46
     summary: karacan@eng.ankara.edu.tr In this study, the application of response surface methodology for modelling the influence of some operating variables such as reaction time, UV irradiation power and photocatalyst (TiO2 and ZnCI2) on the performance of liquid yields. In this study, the mailto:karacan@)eng.ankara.edu.tr 488 application of response surface methodology for modelling the influence of some operating variables such as reaction time, UV irradiation power and photocatalyst (TiO2 and ZnCI2) on the performance of liquid yields.
    keywords: experimental; power; reaction; response; significant; time
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        item: #7177 of 7527
          id: cet-5384
      author: sara
       title: Format And Type Fonts
        date: 2014-10-19
       words: 4248
      flesch: 47
     summary: High conductivity and hardness values in process water might lead to defects of dyeing, scaling and corrosion in steam/water grid and excessive chemical consumption. According to the analyses results, TDS, conductivity and TOC values were shown a slight increase in process water due to the ion- exchange process.
    keywords: chemical; consumption; dyeing; finishing; hank; mill; processes; production; textile; wastewater; water
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        item: #7178 of 7527
          id: cet-5385
      author: raffaella
       title: Microsoft Word - 379_084.doc
        date: 2014-10-03
       words: 2447
      flesch: 50
     summary: The influence of tungsten and its loading on tiles surface were evaluated. Moreover TiO2 on tile surface has induced the total methylene blue (MB) discoloration after many hours of irradiation.
    keywords: concentration; figure; photocatalytic; solution; tile; tio2; tungsten
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        item: #7179 of 7527
          id: cet-5386
      author: sara
       title: Format And Type Fonts
        date: 2014-09-08
       words: 2597
      flesch: 43
     summary: García- Bacaicoa et al. (2008) studied on the wood and high density polyethylene mixtures in a downdraft gasifier. Yusup S., Khan Z, Ahmad M.M., Rashidi N.A., 2014, Optimization of hydrogen production in in-situ catalytic adsorption (ICA) steam gasification based on response surface methodology, Biomass and Bioenergy, 60,98-107, DOI: 10.1016/j.biombioe.2013.11.007.
    keywords: biomass; concentration; gasification; hdpe; mixtures; plastic; temperature
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        item: #7180 of 7527
          id: cet-5387
      author: sara
       title: Format And Type Fonts
        date: 2014-09-08
       words: 3258
      flesch: 43
     summary: Firstly the geometries of microwave reaction systems were generated (Figure 1 is the batch reaction system and Figure 2 is the continuous reaction system). Another physics phenomena-fluid flow will be involved in continuous reactor system.
    keywords: distribution; field; figure; microwave; reactor; system; temperature
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        item: #7181 of 7527
          id: cet-5388
      author: sara
       title: Format And Type Fonts
        date: 2014-09-16
       words: 3176
      flesch: 40
     summary: Weerachanchai P., Chen Z., Leong S.S.J., Chang M.W., Lee J.-M., 2012, Hildebrand solubility parameters of ionic liquids: Effects of ionic liquid type, temperature and dma fraction in ionic liquid, Chemical Engineering Journal. Predictive thermodynamic property models and methodology/tools for screening optimal ILs entrainers clearly show a reduction in experimental time and optimization of the energy consumption for azeotropic separation.
    keywords: entrainers; ils; ionic; liquids; separation; solubility; water
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        item: #7182 of 7527
          id: cet-5389
      author: sara
       title: Format And Type Fonts
        date: 2014-09-08
       words: 2869
      flesch: 52
     summary: The amount of adsorbed methane by activated carbon samples was obtained from Eq(1): (1) where; nad-1 = Amount of methane adsorption in previous stage (mol) Pi = Initial pressure of methane before discharged to sample holder (psia) Pf = Final pressure of methane gas after discharged to sample holder (psia) In order to increase the adsorption capacity, the preparation of activated carbon is important due to the effectiveness of the porosity and surface area on methane adsorption (Bagheri and Abedi 2011).
    keywords: adsorption; basolite; carbon; gas; h2so4; methane; pore; surface
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        item: #7183 of 7527
          id: cet-539
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-539
        date: 2018-07-19
       words: 3769
      flesch: 49
     summary: In practice, cement additives are introduced in several ways. When studying the influence of the compositions of cement compositions and the use of the cement base, the amount of cement was reduced by 5 - 7 %, which compensated for the energy costs of the mixture at home.
    keywords: addition; additives; ash; cement; chemical; composition; microspheres; min; portland; table
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        item: #7184 of 7527
          id: cet-5390
      author: sara
       title: Format And Type Fonts
        date: 2014-09-08
       words: 3384
      flesch: 35
     summary: The intent is to provide a support tool in the decision making between the prototyping technologies for rapid and subtractive materials used in the design and sustainable products development. © 2014, AIDIC Servizi S.r.l., ISBN 978-88-95608-30-3; ISSN 2283-9216 DOI: 10.3303/CET1439089 Please cite this article as: Junior O.C., Sant’Anna Â.M.O., Machado L.C., 2014, Decision making for rapid prototyping technologies of sustainable products, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 39, 529-534 DOI:10.3303/CET1439089 529 Decision Making for Rapid Prototyping Technologies of Sustainable Products Osíris Canciglieri Junior* a , Ângelo Márcio Oliveira Sant’Anna a , Luis Carlos Machado b a Industrial and Systems Engineering Graduate Program, Pontifical Catholic University of Parana, Imaculada Conceicao street, 1155, Curitiba, Brazil.
    keywords: characteristics; decision; design; development; making; process; product; prototyping; technology; time
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        item: #7185 of 7527
          id: cet-5391
      author: sara
       title: Format And Type Fonts
        date: 2014-09-08
       words: 3550
      flesch: 45
     summary: Figure 1: The three-dimensions of accomplishing environmental sustainability engineering Fundamentally, the set of environmental values are; natural resources exploitation, environmental process drive, pollution prevention and controls- (air, solid waste and water resources). In view of this, samples were restricted to the companies that embraced environmental values (EV) or held similar process innovation campaigns which adopted green engineering sustainable (GES) to limit the use of 2 2 1 2 1 )(             x exf   n y yyy n    .... 21 538 non-renewable resources, reduce environmental disasters, maintain natural habitats and biodiversity and control the use of renewable resources, and that for the purpose of controlling the process of products Table 1: Regression values for a EV, GES and ARP samples EV CP PPR 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 0.81 0.84 0.68 0.79 0.77 0.75 0.86 0.91 0.83 0.78 0.89 089 0.97 0.76 0.82 0.84 0.93 0.91 1.0 3.0 2.0 2.0 1.9 1.5 2.0 3.0 1.9 1.8 1.6 1.4 1.4 2.0 1.9 2.3 1.9 2.0 0.88 0.81 0.75 0.75 0.89 0.91 0.91 0.68 0.85 0.87 0.72 0.65 0.77 0.79 0.59 0.87 0.88 0.89 recycle (PPR).
    keywords: engineering; ges; manufacturing; study; sustainability; test; value
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        item: #7186 of 7527
          id: cet-5392
      author: sara
       title: Format And Type Fonts
        date: 2014-09-08
       words: 3131
      flesch: 46
     summary: 3. Bioethanol plant simulator The simulator shall be used to investigate the impact of process control strategies in the bioethanol plant on its resource efficiency. Despite this relevance, no systematic investigations regarding the impact of plant operation and control on the resource efficiency of bioethanol plants have been published in the scientific literature (Kuntzsch, 2014).
    keywords: bioethanol; flow; model; operation; plant; process; scenario; simulator; unit
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        item: #7187 of 7527
          id: cet-5393
      author: sara
       title: Format And Type Fonts
        date: 2014-09-08
       words: 2641
      flesch: 50
     summary: © 2014, AIDIC Servizi S.r.l., ISBN 978-88-95608-30-3; ISSN 2283-9216 DOI: 10.3303/CET1439092 Please cite this article as: Eller Z., Varga Z., Varga G., Hancsók J., 2014, Biocomponent containing jet fuel production with using coconut oil, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 39, 547-552 DOI:10.3303/CET1439092 547 Biocomponent Containing Jet Fuel Production with Using Coconut Oil Zoltán Eller a , Zoltán Varga a , Géza Varga b , Jenő Hancsók a a University of Pannonia, 8200, Veszprém, Egyetem str. 10., Hungary b MOL Hungarian Oil- and Gas Plc., Hungary hancsokj@almos.uni-pannon.hu Recent demands for low aromatic content jet fuels have shown significant increase in the last 20 years. Furthermore, the quality requirements have become more aggravated for jet fuels.
    keywords: feedstock; fuels; jet; lhsv; oil
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        item: #7188 of 7527
          id: cet-5394
      author: sara
       title: Format And Type Fonts
        date: 2014-09-08
       words: 3669
      flesch: 45
     summary: Oxygen supply rate (mL O2/LR d) 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 0 5 10 15 20 25 0 5 10 15 20 25 Di ss olv ed o xy ge n (m g/ L) Ox yg en g as c om po sit ion (% ) Oxygen supply rate (mL O2/LR d) 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 Hy dr oly sis e ffic ien cy (% ) 0 20 40 60 80 100 Ga s pr od uc tio n ra te (m L/ d) 0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 1600 1800 Figure 1: Effects of oxygen supply rate on (a) COD removal and gas production rate, (b) gas composition and methane production rate, (c) SMPR (Specific methane production rate), (d) methane yield, (e) dissolved oxygen and oxygen gas composition, and (f) hydrolysis efficiency were achieved in this research work demonstrating the microaeration resulting in the enhancement of anaerobic hydrolysis and methane production efficiency that were also observed previously by Diaz et al. (2011), Lim et al. (2013), Xu et al. (2014), and Zhu et al. (2009). The methane composition and methane production rate were increased from 74.42 to 80.09 % and 197.61 to 408.68 mL/d, respectively, with the increase in the cassava residue concentration from 0 to 1,000 ppm.
    keywords: cassava; cod; loading; loading rate; methane; oxygen; production; rate; residue
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        item: #7189 of 7527
          id: cet-5395
      author: sara
       title: Format And Type Fonts
        date: 2014-09-08
       words: 3429
      flesch: 39
     summary: © 2014, AIDIC Servizi S.r.l., ISBN 978-88-95608-30-3; ISSN 2283-9216 DOI: 10.3303/CET1439094 Please cite this article as: Stevulova N., Cigasova J., Purcz P., Schwarzova I., 2014, Long-term water absorption behaviour of hemp hurds composites, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 39, 559-564 DOI:10.3303/CET1439094 559 Long-Term Water Absorption Behaviour of Hemp Hurds Composites Nadezda Stevulova a *, Julia Cigasova a , Pavol Purcz a , Ivana Schwarzova a a Faculty of Civil Engineering, Technical University of Košice, Vysokoškolska 4, 042 00 Water absorption kinetics of hemp hurds composites were analysed according to the Eq(1).
    keywords: absorption; chemical; composites; hemp; hemp hurds; hurds; properties; water
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        item: #7190 of 7527
          id: cet-5396
      author: sara
       title: Format And Type Fonts
        date: 2014-09-16
       words: 3061
      flesch: 56
     summary: Ciambelli et al. showed that cyclohexane is selectively photoxidised on MoOx/TiO2 catalysts in the presence of gaseous oxygen at 35 °C under UV illumination in gas-solid fixed bed reactor (Ciambelli et al., 2008). For testing Mo-titania catalyst, in order to obtain good fluidization, physical mixtures with -Al2O3 was used to enhance the catalyst fluidizability (Ciambelli et al., 2007), since Al2O3 is a solid of group A.
    keywords: photocatalytic; tio2
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        item: #7191 of 7527
          id: cet-5397
      author: sara
       title: Format And Type Fonts
        date: 2014-09-08
       words: 2698
      flesch: 53
     summary:            (2) 1 1 1 ( ) (r ) (r ) xr r x r r r uuP u u u u u r t r x r r x r x x r                                  2 1 2 2 2 2 3 3 r r r u u r u u F r r r r r      The velocity gradient (u) in the momentum equations is described by following equation: x r r u u u u x r r         (4) 573 Figure 2: Model validation Energy conservation: 1 1 ( q) (r ) T T g g L L h h h q q u q r M x r r x x r r r                     
    keywords: r r; spray; temperature; wall
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        item: #7192 of 7527
          id: cet-5398
      author: sara
       title: Format And Type Fonts
        date: 2014-09-16
       words: 3025
      flesch: 47
     summary: © 2014, AIDIC Servizi S.r.l., ISBN 978-88-95608-30-3; ISSN 2283-9216 DOI: 10.3303/CET1439097 Please cite this article as: Arshad M., Wukovits W., Friedl A., 2014, Simulation of CO2 absorption using the system K2CO3- piperazine, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 39, 577-582 DOI:10.3303/CET1439097 577 Simulation of CO2 Absorption Using the System K2CO3- Piperazine Muazzam Arshad*, Walter Wukovits, Anton Friedl Vienna University of Technology, Institute of Chemical Engineering, Getreidemarkt 9/166-2, 1060 Vienna, Austria muazzam.arshad@tuwien.ac.at For CO2 absorption from biogas, aqueous K2CO3 and piperazine solvents are used independently and then ultimately in a combination.
    keywords: absorption; aspen; co2; k2co3; mol; piperazine
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        item: #7193 of 7527
          id: cet-5399
      author: sara
       title: Format And Type Fonts
        date: 2014-09-09
       words: 3023
      flesch: 45
     summary: Evaporation Roughly two grams of ethanol organosolv lignin were dissolved in 1.8 kg of 60/40 (w/w) ethanol–water mixture to create the mother liquor for the solvent removal experiments. For the evaporation process case, the change in ethanol concentration was simulated as described above.
    keywords: concentration; energy; ethanol; evaporation; lignin; precipitation; process
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        item: #7194 of 7527
          id: cet-540
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-540
        date: 2018-07-19
       words: 3929
      flesch: 56
     summary: The results of the study show that load cycling has a consistent impact on ash composition making it possible to anticipate certain changes. Table 2 shows the transformations in ash composition during load cycling for each of the 3 experiments.
    keywords: ash; composition; fuel; load; mcr; oil; power; ramping; wt%
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        item: #7195 of 7527
          id: cet-5400
      author: sara
       title: Format And Type Fonts
        date: 2014-09-09
       words: 3159
      flesch: 44
     summary: Based on the first results this research analyzed the economical and environmental feasibility of biogas production, due to the implementation of anaerobic digestions system. Although the first model is the most common and simple, it may bring an overestimated value of biogas production and compromise the economical study for implementation of a cogeneration system.
    keywords: biogas; cogeneration; energy; implementation; production; swine; system; waste
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        item: #7196 of 7527
          id: cet-5401
      author: sara
       title: Format And Type Fonts
        date: 2014-09-09
       words: 2859
      flesch: 52
     summary: Figure 2: Impact assessment for different wine productions Figure 3: GWP of main processes occurring in the production stages (kgCO2eq/FU) The system boundary covered the industrial life-cycle stages of wine production.
    keywords: cycle; energy; impact; lca; life; production; quality; wine
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        item: #7197 of 7527
          id: cet-5402
      author: sara
       title: Format And Type Fonts
        date: 2014-09-09
       words: 2817
      flesch: 46
     summary: 2.2 Methodology Environmental evaluation of houses foundations was based on the calculation of environmental impacts of foundation building materials used in four selected buildings. Minimization of CO2 emissions and primal energy by building materials environmental evaluation and optimization, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 25, 1-6. Estokova A., Porhincak M., 2012.
    keywords: building; foundation; gwp; house; materials
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        item: #7198 of 7527
          id: cet-5403
      author: sara
       title: Format And Type Fonts
        date: 2014-09-09
       words: 2903
      flesch: 45
     summary: An integration of energy production systems at waste water treatment plants into energy networks to meet energy demands of urban areas can foster economically feasible use of so far wasted energy. In this project it will be shown how energy supply for buildings can be realised and if further regional resources can be used.
    keywords: energy; heat; plant; process; project; treatment; waste; water
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        item: #7199 of 7527
          id: cet-5404
      author: sara
       title: Format And Type Fonts
        date: 2014-09-16
       words: 3214
      flesch: 39
     summary: © 2014, AIDIC Servizi S.r.l., ISBN 978-88-95608-30-3; ISSN 2283-9216 DOI: 10.3303/CET1439103 Please cite this article as: Margallo M., Aldaco R., Irabien A., 2014, A case study for environmental impact assessment in the process industry: municipal solid waste incineration (MSWI), Chemical Engineering Transactions, 39, 613-618 DOI:10.3303/CET1439103 613 Zhao Y., Christensen T.H., Lu W., Wu H., Wang H., 2011, Environmental impact assessment of solid waste management in Beijing City, China.
    keywords: assessment; chemical; cycle; environmental; et al; impact; life; management; waste
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        item: #7200 of 7527
          id: cet-5405
      author: sara
       title: Format And Type Fonts
        date: 2014-09-16
       words: 3151
      flesch: 48
     summary: To get core-shell photocatalysts, N-TiO2 was supported on ZPS surface by a modified sol–gel method. As shown in Table 1, with the increase of the amount of N-TiO2 on ZPS, the band gap energy shifts from a value close to ZPS, for 5 %NTiO2-ZPS and 15 %NTiO2-ZPS samples, to a value close to NTiO2 for 50 %NTiO2–ZPS catalyst. 3.2 Photocatalytic activity tests The behaviour of MB decolourization is represented in Figure 1a for N-TiO2 compared to the physical mixture of the same photocatalyst with light emitting phosphorescent particles ZPS.
    keywords: decolourization; light; photocatalysts; photocatalytic; tio2; zps
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        item: #7201 of 7527
          id: cet-5406
      author: sara
       title: Format And Type Fonts
        date: 2014-09-09
       words: 3409
      flesch: 44
     summary: In this case, the main mechanism of heavy metals removal is precipitation (due to increased pH) in the form of hydroxy-salts, hydrated oxides or hydroxides. Natural zeolite preferentially adsorbs hydrogen cations from solution to heavy metal ions (Inglezakis et al., 2003), and thus in more acidic conditions more H + ions are adsorbed from solution.
    keywords: acid; concentration; copper; experiments; hemp; peat; removal; solutions; sorption
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        item: #7202 of 7527
          id: cet-5407
      author: sara
       title: Format And Type Fonts
        date: 2014-09-09
       words: 2701
      flesch: 58
     summary: Possible options for treatment of sewage sludge There are many options for sewage sludge treatment which include distinct combinations of processing steps. © 2014, AIDIC Servizi S.r.l., ISBN 978-88-95608-30-3; ISSN 2283-9216 DOI: 10.3303/CET1439106 Please cite this article as: Frýba L., Bébar L., Touš M., 2014, Analysis of requirement for sewage sludge incineration, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 39, 631-636 DOI:10.3303/CET1439106 631 Analysis of Requirement for Sewage Sludge Incineration Lukáš Frýba, Ladislav Bébar, Michal Touš Institute of Process and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Brno University of Technology, Technická 2896/2, 616 69 Brno ,Czech Republic fryba@upei.fme.vutbr.cz Municipal wastewater treatment plants have produced about 160,000 t/y to 210,000 t /y
    keywords: content; energy; incineration; production; sewage; sludge
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        item: #7203 of 7527
          id: cet-5408
      author: sara
       title: Format And Type Fonts
        date: 2014-09-09
       words: 3057
      flesch: 48
     summary: Figure 2: XRD spectrum of sediment sample 641 Table 4: Chemical composition of sediments Chemical composition Dredged sediments have a wide range of uses.
    keywords: aggregate; cement; compressive; concrete; material; replacement; sediment; strength
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        item: #7204 of 7527
          id: cet-5409
      author: sara
       title: Format And Type Fonts
        date: 2014-09-09
       words: 3345
      flesch: 52
     summary: This net negative charge in particles’ surface enables the use of these particles in the adsorption processes of positively charged compounds, such as adsorption of metals and some dyes. 646 Table 1: Humidity of wet particles (ω), Solubility in water of wet particles (SW), Solubility in water of dried particles (SD), and zeta potential (ζ - mV) of the particles of sericin (2.5% w/V) and alginate, in different proportions, prepared by ionic gelation process in CaCl2 solutions (3% w/V) Particle Alginate (w/V) CaCl2 solution (3% w/V) Excepting for F particles, for all others it was found a smaller SD value in comparison with SW.
    keywords: alcoholic; alginate; blend; particles; process; sericin; solubility; water
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        item: #7205 of 7527
          id: cet-541
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-541
        date: 2018-07-19
       words: 3968
      flesch: 55
     summary: This study only considered the waste generated during food delivery processes, but the better management of food delivery waste should also consider the reduction of waste generation. Promosing technologies, such as the reclying of PP and waste-to-energy from PP/PS incineration should also be discussed, in order to search for more possibilities of reducing the environmental impact of food delivery waste.
    keywords: batteries; china; consumption; delivery; emissions; energy; food; food delivery; generation; packaging; waste
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        item: #7206 of 7527
          id: cet-5410
      author: sara
       title: Format And Type Fonts
        date: 2014-09-09
       words: 3214
      flesch: 42
     summary: The demand for recycled lead cannot grow exponentially since the advantage – expressed as the ratio between the price of recycled lead and average lead price – of recycled materials declines as the average price of recycled lead grows up (the balancing loop B1 counters the positive loop R1). When the average price for virgin lead increases, the average lead price also grows therefore the demand for virgin lead shrinks – under conditions that the price of recycled materials is constant or grows slower than the price for virgin resources –, the production from recycled lead becomes relatively cheaper and the demand for recycled lead increases, thereby increasing the demand-supply ratio.
    keywords: accumulators; acid; collection; demand; lead; model; price; system
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        item: #7207 of 7527
          id: cet-5411
      author: sara
       title: Format And Type Fonts
        date: 2014-09-09
       words: 2284
      flesch: 45
     summary: In the Figure 1 the data on oil hydrocarbons extraction with chloroform are presented. Thus, it is possible to conclude that ultrasonic treatment intensifies the process of oil hydrocarbons extraction from model samples by 1.2-1.5 times.
    keywords: extraction; hydrocarbons; oil; slime; treatment
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        item: #7208 of 7527
          id: cet-5412
      author: sara
       title: Format And Type Fonts
        date: 2014-09-16
       words: 2804
      flesch: 53
     summary: 4. Conclusion Based on EXAFS investigation, it is possible to conclude that the structure of heavy metal ions (copper) on clay adsorbents does not depend primarily of calcinations in the structure. Juang R.S., Shao H.J., 2002, A simplified equilibrium model for sorption of heavy metal ions from aqueous solutions on chitosan, Water Res., 36, 2999-3008.
    keywords: adsorption; bofe; calcined; copper; exafs; metal; raw; verde
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        item: #7209 of 7527
          id: cet-5413
      author: sara
       title: Format And Type Fonts
        date: 2014-09-09
       words: 3742
      flesch: 59
     summary: a) a) d) c) b) 671 Table 2: Equilibrium adsorption density x (mg/g), and calculated values of ΔG (free Gibb´s energy) for silver ion adsorption on Verde-lodo clay at different values of initial silver concentration A0 (mg/L) and temperature (K) T(K) A0 273 5 13 32 45 80 107 198 238 335 398 553 ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ 2 7 3 x 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.4 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.3 ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ y 0.5 1.3 3.2 4.5 8.0 10.7 19.9 23.9 33.5 39.8 55.3 ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ Table 2 summarizes the results obtained for this method, for each temperature and initial silver concentration A0.
    keywords: adsorption; clay; concentration; equilibrium; langmuir; process; silver; temperature
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        item: #7210 of 7527
          id: cet-5414
      author: sara
       title: Format And Type Fonts
        date: 2014-09-09
       words: 3412
      flesch: 53
     summary: Stochastic simulation model of waste-to-energy plant The simplified flow sheet of investigated technology (steam cycle only) is shown in Figure 1. 677 Table 2: Inputs for prediction Input parameter Value Boiler 1 steam output 2/3/4 d before 35.5/35.1/35.0 t/h Boiler 2 steam output 2/3/4 d before 35.3/37.7/8.7 t/h Boiler 3 steam output 2/3/4 d before 0/0/0 t/h Boiler 4 steam output 2/3/4 d before 29.8/30.6/31.6 t/h Day Thursday Temperature range 19 – 27.4 °C Heat delivery (Pth) 9 MW (constant in plan) 5 6 7 8 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 E le c tr ic it y [ M W ] Hour in a day Real Pel Possible Pel Predicted Pel Lower limit Upper limit Planned Pel Figure 4: Comparison of next-day electricity delivery prediction with real delivery Now, let us show benefits of stochastic simulation model.
    keywords: energy; extraction; model; operation; pel; planning; plant; simulation; steam
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        item: #7211 of 7527
          id: cet-5415
      author: sara
       title: Format And Type Fonts
        date: 2014-09-10
       words: 1961
      flesch: 38
     summary: Moghadam R.A., Yusup S., Lam H.L., Al Shoaibi A., Ahmad M.M., 2013, Hydrogen production from mixture of biomass and polyethylene waste in fluidized bed catalytic steam co-gasification process, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 35, 565-570, DOI: 10.3303/CET1335094. Although there are studies on co-gasification of biomass and waste mixtures, limited studies focused on the understanding of the char reactivity and gasification conversion of this mixture.
    keywords: char; conversion; gasification; hdpe; mixtures; reactivity; rss
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        item: #7212 of 7527
          id: cet-5416
      author: sara
       title: Format And Type Fonts
        date: 2014-09-10
       words: 3212
      flesch: 61
     summary: The results showed that using HBeta produced higher gas yield than using KL, and HBeta zeolite reduced the concentration of heavy liquid fractions (long residues and heavy gas oil) more greatly than KL zeolite. 2. Experiment Section 2.1 Catalyst Preparation HMOR and HBeta zeolites were obtained from Tosoh Company in Singapore.
    keywords: aromatics; catalysts; channel; hbeta; hmor; oil; pyrolysis; structure
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        item: #7213 of 7527
          id: cet-5417
      author: sara
       title: Format And Type Fonts
        date: 2014-09-10
       words: 3693
      flesch: 50
     summary: It was necessary to perform about 170,000 simulations for one fixed capacity due to dynamic progression of variation in price parameters. Generally, planning of investments in new WTE plants is a comprehensive task in the field of infrastructure and energy production.
    keywords: capacity; costs; fee; gate; heat; parameters; plant; waste; wte
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        item: #7214 of 7527
          id: cet-5418
      author: sara
       title: Format And Type Fonts
        date: 2014-09-10
       words: 3670
      flesch: 50
     summary: © 2014, AIDIC Servizi S.r.l., ISBN 978-88-95608-30-3; ISSN 2283-9216 DOI: 10.3303/CET1439117 lease cite this article as: Rossi F., Manenti F., Kozin K.A., Goryunov A.G., 2014, Defeating the sustainability challenge in batch processes through low-cost utilities usage reduction, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 39, 697-702 DOI:10.3303/CET1439117 697 Defeating the Sustainability Challenge in Batch Processes through Low-Cost Utilities Usage Reduction Francesco Rossi a , Flavio Manenti* a , Kirill A. Kozin b , Alexey G. Goryunov b a Politecnico di Milano, Dipartimento di Chimica, Materiali e Ingegneria Chimica “Giulio Natta”, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy b Tomsk Polytechnic University, Dept. of Electronics and Automation of Nuclear Plants, 30 Lenina St, Tomsk, 634050, Russia flavio.manenti@polimi.it A novel optimisation algorithm is proposed to simultaneously perform an online dynamic optimisation and control of batch processes while optimising the batch operation time as well.
    keywords: batch; control; optimisation; process; t t
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        item: #7215 of 7527
          id: cet-5419
      author: sara
       title: Format And Type Fonts
        date: 2014-09-10
       words: 3402
      flesch: 54
     summary: On the other hand the total length of the process is still short because the Table 2: Optimal objective function values when optimisation is done by three different objective functions Value of… Algorithm Case optimised to have maximal… concentration product rate profit Concentration (mol/dm 3 ) © 2014, AIDIC Servizi S.r.l., ISBN 978-88-95608-30-3; ISSN 2283-9216 DOI: 10.3303/CET1439118 Please cite this article as: Tóth L.R., Torgyik T., Paor D., Nagy L., 2014, Evaluation of the behaviour of objective functions in the optimization of a batch process for biodiesel production, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 39, 703-708 DOI:10.3303/CET1439118 703 Evaluation of the Behaviour of Objective Functions in the Optimization of a Batch Process for Biodiesel Production László Richárd Tóth*, Tamás Torgyik, Dávid Paor, Lajos Nagy University of Pannonia, Department of Process Engineering, 10 Egyetem utca, H-8200 Veszprém, Hungary tothl@fmt.uni-pannon.hu Modeling and optimisation of batch processes has been an emerging research field in the recent years.
    keywords: batch; decision; functions; objective; process; production; rate; reaction; temperature; variables
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        item: #7216 of 7527
          id: cet-542
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-542
        date: 2018-07-19
       words: 3108
      flesch: 51
     summary: This was mainly attributed to the acceleration of secondary reactions at higher reaction temperature (325 °C) needed to reach the same conversion level than on the Pt/H-Beta catalyst. The yield of gas phase products was higher at higher reaction temperatures over both catalysts (Table 2), which can be attributed to acceleration of secondary hydrocracking processes at higher temperatures.
    keywords: beta; catalyst; product; wax; zeolite; zsm-5
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        item: #7217 of 7527
          id: cet-5420
      author: sara
       title: Format And Type Fonts
        date: 2014-09-10
       words: 3071
      flesch: 50
     summary: Targeting model based energy monitoring Activity-based energy targets are usually calculated by linear regression models, (1) where the calculated output is the linear combination of process variables (drivers), , where k represents the k-th sampling time and n stands for the number of process variables having significant effect to the energy consumption. Orthogonal Least Squares based Feature Selection The performance of data-driven targeting models dependents on complex set of process variables.
    keywords: efficiency; energy; forest; model; monitoring; process; selection; variables
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        item: #7218 of 7527
          id: cet-5421
      author: sara
       title: Format And Type Fonts
        date: 2014-09-16
       words: 3226
      flesch: 56
     summary: Y t k     (11)       , , , k k k k k k k kX U Y k  U t k dt   (7)       , , k k kY t G X t
    keywords: method; optimization; problem
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        item: #7219 of 7527
          id: cet-5422
      author: sara
       title: Format And Type Fonts
        date: 2014-09-10
       words: 3302
      flesch: 42
     summary: The performance of model based process monitoring systems highly depends on the quality of the model. When the effect of the normalization is taken into account it can be shown that the extracted model identical to the balance equation, so the PCA based Eq.6 defines the same hyperplane as balance equation based data reconciliation.
    keywords: data; energy; matrix; model; monitoring; pca; principal; process; variables
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        item: #7220 of 7527
          id: cet-5423
      author: sara
       title: Format And Type Fonts
        date: 2014-09-10
       words: 3099
      flesch: 49
     summary: © 2014, AIDIC Servizi S.r.l., ISBN 978-88-95608-30-3; ISSN 2283-9216 DOI: 10.3303/CET1439122 Please cite this article as: Kukulka D.J., Smith R., Li W., 2014, Condensation and evaporation characteristics of vipertex 1EHT enhanced heat transfer tubes, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 39, 727-732 DOI:10.3303/CET1439122 727 Condensation and Evaporation Characteristics of Vipertex 1EHT Enhanced Heat Transfer Tubes David J. Kukulka a *, Rick Smith b , Wei Li c a State University of New York College at Buffalo, 1300 Elmwood Avenue, Buffalo, New York, 14222 USA, b Vipertex, 658 Ohio Street, Buffalo New York. Utilization of enhanced heat transfer tubes is an effective method to be utilized in the development of high performance thermal systems.
    keywords: 1eht; condensation; evaporation; flow; heat; smooth; transfer; tube
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        item: #7221 of 7527
          id: cet-5424
      author: sara
       title: Format And Type Fonts
        date: 2014-09-10
       words: 3117
      flesch: 42
     summary: Their results showed that carbon does not react with hydrogen to form methane or any other intermediate compounds up until 900 °C, which supports the favourable effect of carbon laden flow experiments for catalytic methane decomposition at lower temperatures. Overview of thermogravimetric analysis results on catalytic methane decomposition Our thermogravimetric methane decomposition experiments were done using Setsys Evolution 16/18, M/s; Seteram Instrumentation.
    keywords: carbon; catalysts; catalytic; decomposition; hydrogen; methane; reaction; shilapuram
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        item: #7222 of 7527
          id: cet-5425
      author: sara
       title: Format And Type Fonts
        date: 2014-09-10
       words: 3094
      flesch: 43
     summary: Montecarlo (MC) simulations in modelling diffusion processes are traditionally related to the development of diffusion fronts (Sapoval et al., 2005) in close connection with topologically anomalous geometries of percolative structures and with random packings of solid agglomerates (Bertei et al., 2013). In particles diffusion simulations, it was pointed out that the presence of repeated reflections may trigger an anomalous (superdiffusive) behaviour in the particle square displacement with time.
    keywords: concentration; diffusion; figure; lattice; number; particles; source; time
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        item: #7223 of 7527
          id: cet-5426
      author: sara
       title: Format And Type Fonts
        date: 2014-09-10
       words: 3677
      flesch: 48
     summary: © 2014, AIDIC Servizi S.r.l., ISBN 978-88-95608-30-3; ISSN 2283-9216 DOI:10.3303/CET1439125 Please cite this article as: Kriván E., Tomasek S., Hancsók J., 2014, The oligomerisation of high olefin containing hydrocarbon fractions on ion exchange resin catalyst, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 39, 745-750 DOI:10.3303/CET1439125 745 The Oligomerisation of High Olefin Containing Hydrocarbon Fractions on Ion Exchange Resin Catalyst Eszter Kriván*, Szabina Tomasek, Jenő Hancsók University of Pannonia, Department of MOL Hydrocarbon and Coal Processing, Egyetem street 10, H-8200 Veszprém, Hungary krivane@almos.uni-pannon.hu Ouni et al. (2006) dimerized isobutene in a miniplant scale reactor to isooctane in the presence of 2-methyl-2-propanol (TBA) which increasing the dimer selectivity on ion exchange resin catalyst.
    keywords: catalyst; conversion; exchange; feedstock; olefin; oligomerization; resin
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        item: #7224 of 7527
          id: cet-5427
      author: sara
       title: Format And Type Fonts
        date: 2014-09-10
       words: 1991
      flesch: 41
     summary: The number of these biogranules was calculated as follows: (13) Figure 1: reactor model scheme Thus, the mass balance for the i th component at the steady state was taken to be: (14) 754 The glucose concentration in the bottom-most compartment was determined through; 1) the inlet and recycle flow rates as well as; 2) the influent COD and 3) the initial guess for concentration of glucose in the recycle flow rate. Shida G., Sader L., Amorim E., Kimiko I., 2012, Performance and composition of bacterial communities in anaerobic fluidized bed reactors for hydrogen production: Effects of organic loading rate and alkalinity, International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 22, 16925-16934.
    keywords: anaerobic; bed; flow; model; reactor
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        item: #7225 of 7527
          id: cet-5428
      author: sara
       title: Format And Type Fonts
        date: 2014-09-10
       words: 3231
      flesch: 57
     summary: Mean Pore Diameter - MPD (nm) A1-WR Wheat straw (untreated) 3.0 0.013 17.5 A2-WM-AH-200- 10m Wheat straw modified by autohydrolysis at 200ºC for 10 min 3.1 0.023 29.7 A21-WM-01M- 160-30m Wheat straw modified with 0.1 M C4H4O4 (maleic acid) at 160ºC for 30 min 3.5 0.028 31.4 A22-WM-01M- 220-50m Wheat straw modified with 0.1 M C4H4O4 (maleic acid) at 220ºC for 50 min 7.8 0.058 29.6 -5000 0 5000 10000 15000 20000 0 500 1000 1500 Wavenumber (cm -1 ) c o u n ts (a) -5000 0 5000 10000 15000 20000 0 500 1000 1500 Wavenumber (cm -1 ) c o u n ts (b) Figure 1: Raman spectra of wheat straw (a) untreated and (b) autohydrolyzed (at 200 o C for 10 min isothermal + 60 min preheating) 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 0 1000 2000 3000 Wavenumber (cm -1 ) T ra n s m it ta n c e ( % ) A1-WR A2-WM-AH-200-10m (a) 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 0 1000 2000 3000 Wavenumber (cm -1 ) T ra n s m it ta n c e ( % ) A21-WM-01M-160-30m A22-WM-01M-220-50m (b) Figure 2: FT-IR spectra (a) of untreated wheat straw (A1-WR) and modified samples, autohydrolyzed at 200 ºC for 10 min (A2-WM-AH-200-10m) and (b) of modified wheat straw samples treated with 0.1 M maleic acid at 160 ºC for 30 min (A21-WM-01M-160-30 m) and at 220 ºC for 30 min 50 min (A22-WM- 01M-220-50 m) samples. This explains the higher methylene blue (Sidiras et al., 2011b), hexavalent chromium (Sidiras et al., 2013b), diesel and crude oil (Sidiras et al., 2014) adsorbtivity of modified wheat straw comparing to the original one.
    keywords: adsorption; min; raman; samples; sidiras; straw; wheat
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        item: #7226 of 7527
          id: cet-5429
      author: sara
       title: Format And Type Fonts
        date: 2014-09-10
       words: 3314
      flesch: 42
     summary: In particular, and this is the core of the work, the membrane inside the single module is splitted in two elements to exploit the mixing effects between membrane units. These operating conditions correspond to critical regimes in terms of membrane polarization, as the polarizing effect of a highly concentrated boundary layer at the membrane surface is not damped by the convective effect of the fluid motion.
    keywords: concentration; membrane; osmosis; polarization; pressure; reverse; unit; velocity
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        item: #7227 of 7527
          id: cet-543
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-543
        date: 2018-07-19
       words: 3113
      flesch: 52
     summary: This new method is based on the Multi-M formulation for heat integration problems proposed by Hui (2014) and it has been successfully implemented for the optimization of an industrial MHEX. Duran M.A., Grossmann I.E., 1986, Simultaneous optimization and heat integration of chemical processes, AIChE Journal, 32, 123-138.
    keywords: area; heat; optimization; streams; ∀ ∈
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        item: #7228 of 7527
          id: cet-5430
      author: sara
       title: Format And Type Fonts
        date: 2014-09-16
       words: 3048
      flesch: 51
     summary: Due to discontinuous operation and wide product portfolio, trends of VOC in waste gas streams differs for each product and VOC peaks for each production were observed in different production phases (mainly during addition of chemicals, stripping by vacuum or steam). Specifically, there were calculations and designs of catalytic reactor and the combustion chamber for preheating of waste gas streams 90100 and 90200 mixture and pipelines.
    keywords: combustion; flow; gas; streams; technology; voc; waste
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        item: #7229 of 7527
          id: cet-5431
      author: sara
       title: Format And Type Fonts
        date: 2014-09-10
       words: 3090
      flesch: 43
     summary: ----------: no additive; □: citric acid; : PBTC; ×: NTMP 780 Table 1: Estimated values for Eact at cadditive=0.05 g/L (averaged on a supersaturation range 2<S<4) Additive Eact [kJ/mol] Baseline 30 NTMP 26 CA 29 PBTC 50 4. Conclusions In this paper, the effect of different additives (CA, NTMP, PBTC) on gypsum nucleation kinetics is studied at T=15, 25 and 35 °C and at additive concentration equal to 0.05 g/L. Experimental results have been used to compare the inhibiting effect of different additives on gypsum nucleation and to estimate the activation energy for the nucleation process at various additive concentrations. In the present paper, experimental results relative to the measurement of induction time for gypsum nucleation as a function of temperature are presented, with the addition in solution of several additives and namely citric acid (CA), NTMP, PBTC, whose structures are shown in Figure 1; they are able to retard the formation of gypsum nuclei, through the increasing of induction times.
    keywords: acid; additive; calcium; gypsum; induction; nucleation; period; prisciandaro; solution; sulfate
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        item: #7230 of 7527
          id: cet-5432
      author: sara
       title: Format And Type Fonts
        date: 2014-09-10
       words: 2668
      flesch: 48
     summary: In the last decade few papers can be found that address the issue of radial drop size distribution and radial SMD evolution sprays. Please cite this article as: Broukal J., Hájek J., 2014, Experimental analysis of spatial evolution of mean droplet diameters in effervescent sprays, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 39, 781-786 DOI:10.3303/CET1439131 781 Experimental Analysis of Spatial Evolution of Mean Droplet Diameters in Effervescent Sprays Jakub Broukal, Jiří Hájek* Institute of Process and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Brno University of Technology, Technická 2896/2, 616 69 Brno, Czech Republic hajek@fme.vutbr.cz Effervescent atomization has established itself in the past decade as a promising alternative to conventional spray formation mechanisms.
    keywords: effervescent; evolution; flow; glr; smd; spray
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        item: #7231 of 7527
          id: cet-5433
      author: sara
       title: Format And Type Fonts
        date: 2014-09-10
       words: 3725
      flesch: 55
     summary: 792 Figure 4: Temperature distribution for the PE one-staged combustion regime 4. Conclusions In the present study, three types of combustion tests were carried out to investigate the effects of oxygen concentration in the range of 21 - 38 %. Combustion processes are commonly enhanced by oxygen in four primary ways (Baukal, 1998): (1) adding O2 into the incoming airstream (referred to as premix enrichment), (2) injecting O2 into an air/fuel flame (referred to as O2 lancing), (3) separately provided combustion air and O2 to the burner (referred to as air-oxy/fuel combustion), (4) replacing the combustion air with high-purity O2 (referred to as oxy/fuel combustion).
    keywords: air; combustion; concentration; gas; nox; oxygen; ● ●
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        item: #7232 of 7527
          id: cet-5434
      author: sara
       title: Format And Type Fonts
        date: 2014-09-10
       words: 2872
      flesch: 60
     summary: Figure 3: Reactions of moisture in fuel, dry fuel flow, and fuel bed height to drift fault in the fuel bed height sensor without the FTMPC active Figure 4: Reactions of pressure, combustion power, and primary air flow to drift fault in the fuel bed height sensor without the FTMPC active Figure 5: Reactions of moisture in fuel, dry fuel flow, and fuel bed height to drift fault in the fuel bed height sensor with the FTMPC active Figure 6: Reactions of pressure, combustion power, and primary air flow to drift fault in the fuel bed height sensor with the FTMPC active Figure 7 shows RMSEP index of different fuel bed height state values of MPC 1 and MPC 2. In this paper a FTMPC strategy is proposed to accommodate the fault in fuel bed height sensor by active controller reconfiguration.
    keywords: bed; bed height; control; fault; ftmpc; fuel; fuel bed; height
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        item: #7233 of 7527
          id: cet-5435
      author: sara
       title: Format And Type Fonts
        date: 2014-09-10
       words: 2868
      flesch: 33
     summary: As already expected, ratio C/C0 increases with time and starts decreases with distance, being less than 0.2 for distances larger than 2 kilometres from the source, considering time up to one year, when solute Figure 1: Convergence of the solution for solute dispersion through homogeneous medium (left) and for temporally dependent solute dispersion along uniform flow through homogeneous medium (right).The time was fixed to t = 0.1 y for some values of the maximum allowed step size 802 Figure 2: Ratio C/C0 to distances up to 4 kilometres from the source considering time up to one y for solute dispersion through inhomogeneous medium Figure 3: Ratio C/C0 to distances up to 8 kilometres from the source considering time of one to two y for solute dispersion through inhomogeneous medium dispersion occurs through an inhomogeneous medium (Figure 2).
    keywords: dispersion; equation; flow; medium; ratio; solute; source; time
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        item: #7234 of 7527
          id: cet-5436
      author: sara
       title: Format And Type Fonts
        date: 2014-09-10
       words: 2643
      flesch: 49
     summary: Dry ice blasting is used especially in cleaning of industrial manufacturing moulds, welding robots, and many other industrial applications where water cleaning cannot be used and/or savings of detergents are required. Benefits of dry ice blasting include high speed of the cleaning process and absence of any cleaning residues as all the dry ice sublimates after hitting the surface.
    keywords: air; blasting; consumption; dry; energy; ice; mechanism; shaving
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        item: #7235 of 7527
          id: cet-5437
      author: sara
       title: Format And Type Fonts
        date: 2014-09-10
       words: 3556
      flesch: 36
     summary: The bilayer lipid platforms Lipid membranes are two-dimensional fluid nano-structures where two, preferably, lipid layers are held together by non-covalent hydrophobic interactions of amphipathic molecules. Although these bilayer platforms have been a very successful laboratory approach, there is one major drawback that still needs to be solved: instability manifested in the collapse of the bilayer structure at voltage-induced stress, increased 813 Figure 1: Methods used to assemble lipid membranes on sensor substrates.
    keywords: assembly; bilayer; figure; filters; formation; lipid; membrane; platforms; stimuli; surface
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        item: #7236 of 7527
          id: cet-5438
      author: sara
       title: Format And Type Fonts
        date: 2014-09-10
       words: 3042
      flesch: 39
     summary: Finally, the experimental and numerical modeling coupled results demonstrated that high thermal conductivity monolithic catalyst wall flow configuration allowed to overcome the energy and mass limitations, which are the main bottlenecks of the commercial pelletized steam reforming catalysts. De Souza M., Faria S., Zanin G., Moraes F., 2013, Production of hydrogen for fuel cell: microchannel reactor modeling for combustion and reform of ethanol in alternate channels, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 32, 835-840 DOI: 10.3303/CET1332140 Groppi G., Tronconi E., 2000, Design of novel monolith catalyst supports for gas/solid reactions with heat exchange, Chemical Engineering Science 55, 2161-2171.
    keywords: catalyst; flow; gas; mass; methane; reaction; reactor; reforming; steam; temperature
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        item: #7237 of 7527
          id: cet-5439
      author: sara
       title: Format And Type Fonts
        date: 2014-09-10
       words: 2734
      flesch: 52
     summary: The basic differentiation point of Corex® and Finex® processes is the iron ore pre-reduction stage and the use of oxygen instead of hot blast (air). Introduction The target of the iron making processes is to produce hot metal with high iron content through the use of iron ore (mainly consisting of iron oxides) as raw material.
    keywords: equilibrium; gasifier; iron; melter; metal; model; process; slag
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        item: #7238 of 7527
          id: cet-544
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-544
        date: 2018-07-19
       words: 2681
      flesch: 38
     summary: Due to the highly integrated material flows of the Corex® and Finex® iron making processes, the impact on their operational characteristics can be investigated as well. This melter-gasifier (see Figure 2) therefore acts as the final reduction stage of both the Corex® and Finex® processes (Almpanis-Lekkas et al, 2014) Figure 2: Melter-gasifier device (Almpanis-Lekkas et al, 2014)
    keywords: alkali; components; gasifier; iron; melter; model; reduction; trace
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        item: #7239 of 7527
          id: cet-5440
      author: sara
       title: Format And Type Fonts
        date: 2014-09-10
       words: 3389
      flesch: 43
     summary: Once obtained Ti, the minimum thermal flux corresponding to ignition condition is calculated as:     eitroxyiww TTKHXTrQ   02 0,2 (20) Starting from Ti and Qw*, it is possible to investigate the conditions for the flame propagation phenomena, according to the logic calculation procedure provided in the following. The error between the predicted and experimental values is attributed to the modelling hypotheses adopted during model development, providing an inherent safety margin from explosion conditions.
    keywords: conditions; ethylene; explosion; fabiano; flame; heat; ignition; process; propagation; reaction
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        item: #7240 of 7527
          id: cet-5441
      author: sara
       title: Format And Type Fonts
        date: 2014-09-10
       words: 2850
      flesch: 56
     summary: Babbitt and Donald (1939) were used this information in their work and has summed the cost of pipe and pumping to give total annual fixed charges of pipe, as follow as Eq(2): Annual fixed cost = PQSardTr 2362 5,1  (2) where: a – cost of iron, Q – rate of pumping water through pipe line, S – slope of hydraulic grade line, P – cost of pumping, 5,1 2ard - term for pipe cost, PQS236 – term for pumping cost, r – annual rate of interest plus depreciation and other charges, d – diameter of pipe . The method of linear equations to solve economic pipe diameters was based on trial and error methods and digital computer was employed to solve the problem.
    keywords: analysis; cost; diameter; flow; pipe; piping; pumping; rate; size
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        item: #7241 of 7527
          id: cet-5442
      author: sara
       title: Format And Type Fonts
        date: 2014-09-10
       words: 3628
      flesch: 52
     summary: © 2014, AIDIC Servizi S.r.l., ISBN 978-88-95608-30-3; ISSN 2283-9216 DOI: 10.3303/CET1439141 Please cite this article as: Liu Y., Yang J., Cheng Z., Wang J., Wang Q., 2014, Cost benefits analysis for waste heat utilization in sinter cooling bed, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 39, 841-846 DOI:10.3303/CET1439141 841 Cost Benefits Analysis for Waste Heat Utilization in Sinter Cooling Bed Yan Liu, Jian Yang, Zhilong Cheng, Jin Wang, Qiuwang Wang* Key Laboratory of Thermal-fluid Science and Engineering, MOE, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, 710049, P. R. China wangqw@mail.xjtu.edu.cn Based on numerical simulation work in sinter cooling bed of our previous work, AEG (annual energy gain) is obtained on energy and exergy analysis under WHCU (waste heat cascade utilization). b bl t h f & d FCI FCI FCI FCI FCI FCI       (7) where FCIb is FCI of sinter cooling bed; FCIbl is FCI of blowers; FCIt is FCI of trollys; FCIh is FCI of hoods; FCIf&d is FCI of feeding and discharging devices.
    keywords: aeg; bed; cooling; cost; law; parameters; sinter
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        item: #7242 of 7527
          id: cet-5443
      author: sara
       title: Format And Type Fonts
        date: 2014-09-16
       words: 2773
      flesch: 52
     summary: It will result in tube vibrations in the tube bundle in the shape of waves. 3.3 Fluid induced vibration analysis The next analysis is focused on vibrations induced by fluid flow.
    keywords: analyses; boiler; collector; figure; gas; tube; vibration
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        item: #7243 of 7527
          id: cet-5444
      author: sara
       title: Format And Type Fonts
        date: 2014-09-10
       words: 3276
      flesch: 52
     summary: The tool is primarily intended for catalytic bed geometry optimization with the domain being given by ranges of characteristic dimensions (inner and outer diameters and length of the catalytic bed). 6. Conclusions A simple mathematical model allowing easy and very fast evaluation of catalytic converter pressure drop and flow distribution uniformity has been described.
    keywords: bed; converters; distribution; equation; flow; kpa; optimization; pressure
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        item: #7244 of 7527
          id: cet-5445
      author: sara
       title: Format And Type Fonts
        date: 2014-09-10
       words: 3706
      flesch: 47
     summary: The concept of industrial symbiosis (IS) was adapted to develop symbiotic bioenergy parks comprised of processing plants (i.e., milling facilities, biorefineries, cogeneration plants, etc.) with multiple owners. Given a number of processing plants a ∈ A are interested in joining the symbiotic bioenergy park.
    keywords: adc; bioenergy; distribution; park; plant; processing; symbiosis
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        item: #7245 of 7527
          id: cet-5446
      author: sara
       title: Format And Type Fonts
        date: 2014-09-10
       words: 3288
      flesch: 51
     summary: Despite heating applications being common throughout industry, there is currently no framework that provides practical guidance for energy optimisation in ovens. Intermediate variables considered included process air flows, oven pressure, temperature and residence time etc.
    keywords: air; energy; flow; optimisation; oven; process; product; system; variables
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        item: #7246 of 7527
          id: cet-5447
      author: sara
       title: Format And Type Fonts
        date: 2014-09-10
       words: 2049
      flesch: 38
     summary: Thus the industrial application of the proposed method makes it possible to obtain reasonable results even for complex separation systems. This makes it possible to identify the sequence of distillation columns.
    keywords: column; figure; heat; process; separation; temperature
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        item: #7247 of 7527
          id: cet-5448
      author: sara
       title: Format And Type Fonts
        date: 2014-09-16
       words: 3283
      flesch: 48
     summary: For the output, users can choose between energy (primary energy requirements or end energy consumption) and CO2 emissions per year indicators. Adaptation of the platform to other energy systems both at national and regional scale has also been requested and implementation is planned in the future.
    keywords: calculator; demand; electricity; energy; online; platform; swiss; users
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        item: #7248 of 7527
          id: cet-5449
      author: sara
       title: Format And Type Fonts
        date: 2014-09-16
       words: 2720
      flesch: 53
     summary: SGS model based on CSF is called Coherent Structure Model (CSM). This work investigates applicability of Coherent structure method (CSM) as the SGS framework for turbulent transport in turbulent premixed combustion.
    keywords: combustion; flame; flow; model; sgs; simulation
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        item: #7249 of 7527
          id: cet-545
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-545
        date: 2018-07-19
       words: 3192
      flesch: 60
     summary: The main reason for the introduction in Poland of restrictions for solid fuel heating boilers is excessive emission of harmful substances during the heating season. Urbaniak R., Judt W., Nygard A., 2017, New methods of solid fuels transport in automatic low power boilers, Autobusy, Technika, Eksploatacja, Systemy Transportowe, 12, 646-650.
    keywords: boiler; coal; fuel; grain; heating; oat; power; temperature
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        item: #7250 of 7527
          id: cet-5450
      author: sara
       title: Format And Type Fonts
        date: 2014-09-10
       words: 3606
      flesch: 37
     summary: Circumferential tube heat flux profiles predicted by the CFD simulation varies significantly among individual tubes even at the same height, as flow in the furnace is complex, recirculating and non-symmetrical. The maximum tube temperature is in design calculations estimated dominantly using the product of average radiant heat flux and several empirical correction factors, which can be insufficient for dependable decision support on the lifetime of tube systems under specific operating conditions.
    keywords: design; figure; flux; heat; heat flux; heater; section; tube; variation
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        item: #7251 of 7527
          id: cet-5451
      author: sara
       title: Format And Type Fonts
        date: 2014-09-10
       words: 2468
      flesch: 60
     summary: Nuclear Engineering and Design, 238, 3269–3276. Tsuzuki N., Kato Y., Ishizuka T., 2005, High performance printed circuit heat exchanger, Proceedings of Heat SET 2005, Heat Transfer in Components and Systems for Sustainable Energy Technologies, Grenoble, France, April 5–7. For plate fin heat exchangers, compactness is usually expressed by using the Colburn j factor, given as: 2 3Pr 4 h D j N L  (1) 0 ( ) / i LMTD N T T T   (2) Where: Dh is the hydraulic diameter, L is the length of the heat exchanger, N is the number of thermal units.
    keywords: fin; heat; number; pitch; row
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        item: #7252 of 7527
          id: cet-5452
      author: sara
       title: Format And Type Fonts
        date: 2014-09-16
       words: 2906
      flesch: 49
     summary: © 2014, AIDIC Servizi S.r.l., ISBN 978-88-95608-30-3; ISSN 2283-9216 DOI: 10.3303/CET1439151 Please cite this article as: Egedy A., Fogarasi S., Varga T., Imre-Lucaci Á., Chován T., 2014, CFD assisted scale up of a rotating drum leaching reactor, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 39, 901-906 DOI:10.3303/CET1439151 901 CFD Assisted Scale Up of a Rotating Drum Leaching Reactor Attila Egedy a* , Szabolcs Fogarasi b , Tamás Varga a , Árpád Imre-Lucaci b , Tibor Chován a a University of Pannonia, Department of Process Engineering, 10 Egyetem Str., H-8200 Veszprém, Hungary b Babes-Bolyai University, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, 11 Arany Janos Str., RO-400028, Cluj Napoca, Romania egedya@fmt.uni-pannon.hu During the development phase of a new technology it is inevitable to define different scales from laboratory through pilot to industrial level. 1. Define the exact 3D models of the devices of different scales (laboratory, pilot, plant size).
    keywords: case; cfd; diameter; drum; laboratory; model; reactor; scale
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        item: #7253 of 7527
          id: cet-5453
      author: sara
       title: Format And Type Fonts
        date: 2014-09-10
       words: 2971
      flesch: 52
     summary: 910 Figure 1: Velocity profiles of the grid independence study Figure 2: Influence of the outlet shape on the velocity profiles inside the chamber Figure 3: Internal recirculation zone of a) fully open outlet; b) partially blocked outlet 911 Figure 4: Axial velocity profiles of the three turbulence models validated with the measured data Figure 5: Tangential velocity profiles predicted by the three turbulence models validated with the measured data 5. Due to the necessity to use uniform mesh cell size for the whole computational model in LES, such applications currently may only be simulated by moment closure turbulence models.
    keywords: combustion; flow; generator; grid; model; recirculation; swirl; turbulence; velocity
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        item: #7254 of 7527
          id: cet-5454
      author: sara
       title: Format And Type Fonts
        date: 2014-09-16
       words: 3668
      flesch: 46
     summary: 4. Conclusions It has been shown that CFD is able to serve as a capable tool for predicting turbulent jet flow provided a suitable model for turbulence description is applied. These applications take advantage of certain characteristics of jet flow like intensified mixing, enhanced heat and mass transfer, entrainment and momentum exchange.
    keywords: field; flow; jet; jets; models; nozzle; results; turbulence; velocity
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        item: #7255 of 7527
          id: cet-5455
      author: sara
       title: Format And Type Fonts
        date: 2014-09-10
       words: 2665
      flesch: 45
     summary: The characteristic dimension of the fin in the transverse direction is taken to be uniform cross-sectional area / perimeter, i.e., Figure 1: Final construction of the pneumatic pulsator Figure 2: Quarter of finned channel 921 0.0003 m 2 / 0.13 m for fins pneumatic pulsator. Wolosz K.J., Wernik J., 2012, Pneumatic pulsator design as an example of numerical simulations in engineering applications, Central European Journal of Engineering, 2(1), 76-82.
    keywords: design; distribution; fins; flow; heat; pulsator; temperature; transfer
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        item: #7256 of 7527
          id: cet-5456
      author: sara
       title: Format And Type Fonts
        date: 2014-09-10
       words: 2763
      flesch: 51
     summary: Energy Pack is formed by absorption waste oil into the biomass. On the other hand, advanced country such as United Kingdom has prohibited the incineration of waste oil since 2005 (Norris et al., 2006).
    keywords: absorption; biomass; energy; fuel; oil; pack; palm; pellet; waste
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        item: #7257 of 7527
          id: cet-5457
      author: sara
       title: Format And Type Fonts
        date: 2014-09-10
       words: 3591
      flesch: 55
     summary: The introduction of environmental regulations such as carbon tax will improve the economics of biomass to liquid processes and can enable the shift from fossil-based processes. © 2014, AIDIC Servizi S.r.l., ISBN 978-88-95608-30-3; ISSN 2283-9216 DOI: 10.3303/CET1439156 Please cite this article as: Gürsel I.V., Wang Q., Noël T., Kolb G., Hessel V., van Veen A.C., 2014, Heat-integrated novel process of liquid fuel production from bioresources – process simulation and costing study, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 39, 931-936 DOI:10.3303/CET1439156 931 Heat-Integrated Novel Process of Liquid Fuel Production from Bioresources – Process Simulation and Costing Study Iris Vural Gürsel a , Qi Wang a , Timothy Noël a , Gunther Kolb a , Volker Hessel* a , Andre C. van Veen b a Eindhoven University of Technology, Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry, Micro Flow Chemistry & Process Technology, Den Dolech 2, 5600MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands b University of Warwick, School of Engineering, Library Road, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK v.hessel@tue.nl Innovative ways of providing novel sustainable solutions to reduce the emissions and consumption of exhaustible resources is called for.
    keywords: biogas; biomass; cost; energy; gasoline; liquid; methanol; plant; process; production
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        item: #7258 of 7527
          id: cet-5458
      author: sara
       title: Format And Type Fonts
        date: 2014-09-16
       words: 3381
      flesch: 51
     summary: Metallic tin favors more benzene formation through cyclization and dehydrogenation while tin oxide with oxidation state +4 is selective to oxygenate compounds and non- aromatics. From the previous result, it was found that tin oxide doped on SAPO-34 was discovered to have properties that enhance the formation of cooking gas and larger hydrocarbons.
    keywords: bio; dehydration; ethanol; metallic; oxidation; oxide; sapo-34; tin; tin oxide
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        item: #7259 of 7527
          id: cet-5459
      author: sara
       title: Format And Type Fonts
        date: 2014-09-10
       words: 3158
      flesch: 55
     summary: MyPyros V1 MyPyros V2 Reactor dimension Rotor Reactor wall Wall clearance L=2D 3 horizontal flight Welded with 1x4 mm guide ring 2.2 mm L=2D Helical strips Flat surface 3.0 mm L=2D Helical strips Wavy surface 2.0-3.0 mm 2.3 Operational principle The design layout of MyPyros fast pyrolysis reactor system fabricated in Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM) is shown in Figure 3. 947 Figure 3: Design layout for MyPyros fast pyrolysis reactor system 3.
    keywords: biomass; design; malaysia; mypyros; oil; production; pyrolysis; reactor
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        item: #7260 of 7527
          id: cet-546
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-546
        date: 2018-07-19
       words: 3055
      flesch: 53
     summary: The geometries were evaluated based on the analysis of the outlet variables (gas volume fractions, well-mixed areas). 3. Results and discussion Figure 2 shows the gas volume fractions at 0.0075, 0.1075, 0.2075, 0.3075 and 0.4075 m-s (section 1 to 5 respectively) from the bottom of the reactor in case 1-to 4. S/C 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 5 Figure 2: Gas volume fractions in different cross sections of the reactor (from top to bottom 0.0075, 0.1075, 0.2075, 0.3075 and 0.4075 m) for the 1.16e-4 m2 area cases (case 1 to 4), S refers to the section (in rows), whereas C refers to the case (in columns).
    keywords: case; cfd; flue; gas; inlet; model; nox; reactor; removal; system; volume
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        item: #7261 of 7527
          id: cet-5460
      author: sara
       title: Format And Type Fonts
        date: 2014-09-12
       words: 3455
      flesch: 49
     summary: Due to the importance of fuel bed combustion dynamics, this paper focuses on studying the dynamic behaviour of fuel combustion and, especially, the behaviour of drying, pyrolysis and char combustion reactions as well as the temperature inside the bed. © 2014, AIDIC Servizi S.r.l., ISBN 978-88-95608-30-3; ISSN 2283-9216 DOI:10.3303/CET1439159 Please cite this article as: Boriouchkine A., Sharifi V., Swithenbank J., Jämsä-Jounela S., 2014, A study on the combustion dynamics of a biomass fuel bed in a biograte boiler, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 39, 949-954 DOI:10.3303/CET1439159 949 A Study on the Combustion Dynamics of a Biomass Fuel Bed in a BioGrate Boiler Alexandre Boriouchkine* a , Vida Sharifi b , Jim Swithenbank b , Sirkka-Liisa Jämsä- Jounela a a School of Chemical Technology, Aalto University, P.O. Box 16100, 00076 Aalto, Finland b Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, The University of Sheffield, Mappin Street,Sheffield,S1 3JD, UK alexandre.boriouchkine@aalto.fi The main objective of this research was to study fuel bed combustion dynamics of a BioGrate boiler with a mechanistic model.
    keywords: air; bed; char; combustion; energy; flow; fuel; gas; model; pyrolysis; rate
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        item: #7262 of 7527
          id: cet-5461
      author: sara
       title: Format And Type Fonts
        date: 2014-09-12
       words: 3640
      flesch: 45
     summary: Exposure risk assessment based on hazard quotient (HQ) q Estimate fugitive emission of all carcinogen & non- carcinogen based on leaks points, air flowrate of process location & airbone chemical concentration. Different methods for inherent occupational health assessment are available and can be selected based on the availability of the most comprehensive data at the stage of the assessment.
    keywords: assessment; chemical; exposure; hazard; health; index; process; risk
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        item: #7263 of 7527
          id: cet-5462
      author: sara
       title: Format And Type Fonts
        date: 2014-09-16
       words: 3202
      flesch: 58
     summary: Ji et al., (2003) Inlet flow rate of CO, FCO (kmol s -1 ) 0 Ji et al., (2003) Inlet flow rate of CO2, FCO2 (kmol s -1 ) 0
    keywords: shell;  
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        item: #7264 of 7527
          id: cet-5463
      author: sara
       title: Format And Type Fonts
        date: 2014-09-16
       words: 3630
      flesch: 58
     summary: Inaba M., Murata K., Saito M., Takahara I., 2006, Ethanol conversion to aromatic hydrocarbons over several zeolite catalysts. The addition of 2 % Ga2O3 improved the yield of gas oil, light vacuum gas, and heavy vacuum gas.
    keywords: acid; catalysts; ethanol; hydrocarbons; oil
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        item: #7265 of 7527
          id: cet-5464
      author: sara
       title: Format And Type Fonts
        date: 2014-09-12
       words: 2841
      flesch: 53
     summary: Sweet sorghum plants form a glucose-rich juice that can be used directly for ethanol fermentation. Three concepts for grain and sweet sorghum variants were simulated in ASPEN Plus® to assess the coproduction of bioethanol and biogas in one facility and compared to the crops ethanol potential and conventional biofuel processes.
    keywords: benchmark; biogas; energy; ethanol; plant; process; production; sorghum; yields
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        item: #7266 of 7527
          id: cet-5465
      author: sara
       title: Format And Type Fonts
        date: 2014-09-12
       words: 3119
      flesch: 43
     summary: The main kinetic parameters were regressed using kinetic models other than literature models in considering the activity (UNIQUAC model was used to calculate the activity coefficients) of the components instead of the concentration because the oil/methanol/water/FAME system is highly non ideal. From the regression results, it could be concluded that the adsorption based model is better for fitting the experimental data and that, since the experimental data considered were obtained using a methanol amount such to have a monophasic liquid system, the calculation of the activity coefficients does not give a great advantage in this particular experimental situation but, considering the high nonideality of the system oil/FFA/FAME/methanol/water, the usage of UNIQUAC model appears to be more convenient.
    keywords: adsorption; ffa; kinetic; methanol; model; oil; parameters; reactor
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        item: #7267 of 7527
          id: cet-5466
      author: sara
       title: Format And Type Fonts
        date: 2014-09-12
       words: 2651
      flesch: 50
     summary: As it can be seen in Figure 5 in VMD higher feed concentration results in higher transmembrane butanol fluxes. (1) Next to transmembrane flux, selectivity is also used to describe membrane processes.
    keywords: feed; mbar; membrane; temperature; transmembrane
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        item: #7268 of 7527
          id: cet-5467
      author: sara
       title: Format And Type Fonts
        date: 2014-09-12
       words: 3603
      flesch: 49
     summary: We found that with the increasing the proportion of used cooking oil in the vegetable oil used as raw material for biodiesel the oxidation reactions took place in greater amount during the storage of the biodiesel product. Based on the experimental results described above, we conclude that with the increased proportion of used cooking oil blended into vegetable oil used as raw material for biodiesel the oxidation processes occurred with a higher rate.
    keywords: acid; biodiesel; changes; gas; oil; oxidation; samples; stability; storage
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        item: #7269 of 7527
          id: cet-5468
      author: sara
       title: Format And Type Fonts
        date: 2014-09-12
       words: 3173
      flesch: 44
     summary: The hydroxyapatite droplets were dried in a longer axial distance in the dryer, and the air temperature decreased and humidity increased more slowly during drying of hydroxyapatite droplets than in the case of silica. 999 Figure 1: Trajectories of hydroxyapatite droplets in the dryer A hydroxyapatite droplet is of larger initial size and it contains a larger amount of water than that of silica.
    keywords: droplets; drying; heat; hydroxyapatite; rate; silica; spray; temperature
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        item: #7270 of 7527
          id: cet-5469
      author: sara
       title: Format And Type Fonts
        date: 2014-09-12
       words: 4326
      flesch: 26
     summary: Works were conducted in the following 4 directions: modelling and optimization of processes for production of chemical reagents and high purity substances (HPS); system analysis in technology of HPS and synthesis of the optimal individual and flexible multi-assortment manufacturing; creation of automated systems of scientific researches and technological processes control systems; development of automated databases, expert systems of the artificial intelligence and computer systems for making of the decisions. System analysis in technology of CR and HPS and the synthesis of optimal individual and multi- assortment industries.
    keywords: analysis; bessarabov; chemical; development; innovation; processes; production; purity; reagents; substances; system
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        item: #7271 of 7527
          id: cet-547
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-547
        date: 2018-07-19
       words: 2754
      flesch: 53
     summary: A mean line prediction method for axial flow turbine efficiency, Journal of Engineering for Power, 104, 111-119. Kenny S., 2005, Development of a multi-disciplinary design tool for axial flow turbines, Mater Thesis, University of Carleton, Institute for Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Ontario, Canada. Conceptual design algorithm Three dimensionless parameters are most commonly used in turbine design mostly affecting the main design of the blades.
    keywords: blade; cfd; design; model; pressure; results; stage; turbine
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        item: #7272 of 7527
          id: cet-5470
      author: sara
       title: Format And Type Fonts
        date: 2014-09-12
       words: 2658
      flesch: 52
     summary: The experimental data on changing of reaction mixture composition in dependence of WHSV showed that the main products where: alkanes C1-C2, light olefins C3-C4 and aromatics C6-C9. There is important in this case to develop an algorithm for solving identification task for a wide range of experimental data which includes various input parameters for reactors and allow to determine simultaneously one set of model parameters for using by simulation pilot and industrial reactor processes.
    keywords: chemical; composition; data; mixture; model
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        item: #7273 of 7527
          id: cet-5471
      author: sara
       title: Format And Type Fonts
        date: 2014-09-12
       words: 2668
      flesch: 42
     summary: 1. Introduction Multi-stage reactions and the imperfection of reaction-diffusion systems in chemical reactors can substantially affect the formation of the technological process regime (Ni et al., 2009). a) Cascade with recycles b) Cascade without recycles Figure 1 Cascades of chemical reactors with mutual mass transfer The corresponding systems of kinetic equations, provided the resulting inflow and outflow of intermediate reactants are zero, and the concentration of the incoming components are kept constant, have the form.
    keywords: analysis; chemical; engineering; reaction; reactors; regimes; system
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        item: #7274 of 7527
          id: cet-5472
      author: sara
       title: Format And Type Fonts
        date: 2014-09-16
       words: 3180
      flesch: 45
     summary: In this contribution, Mixed Integer Nonlinear Programming (MINLP) syntheses of water networks are performed by using various economic objectives, in order to investigate their effects on the structural, environmental, and economic characteristics of optimal water networks. These criteria produced compromise solutions with proper trade-offs between the profitabilities and sustainabilities of water network designs.
    keywords: cost; freshwater; network; treatment; water
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        item: #7275 of 7527
          id: cet-5473
      author: sara
       title: Format And Type Fonts
        date: 2014-09-12
       words: 3667
      flesch: 54
     summary: It was found that unutilised exhaust heat exists in the region between 100 o C to 200 o C. Two kinds of energy saving potential were identified as shown in Table 3; (1) Recovery of low-pressure steam at 0.5 MPaG equivalent to 174.5 GJ/h. (2) A combination of very low-pressure steam at 0.1 MPaG and hot water can be recovered, as shown at the left side of Figure 3 and Table 3. However conventional designs for energy saving were based on the concept of a single site optimisation (“single site approach”), which would optimise the energy efficiency only within the site itself.
    keywords: analysis; area; energy; heat; saving; site; steam
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        item: #7276 of 7527
          id: cet-5474
      author: sara
       title: Format And Type Fonts
        date: 2014-09-12
       words: 3343
      flesch: 46
     summary: Iulianelli A., Liguori S., Longo T., Tosti S., Pinacci P., Basile A., 2010, An experimental study on bio- ethanol steam reforming in a catalytic membrane reactor. 2.1 Fuel processor The equilibrium composition of a reformate gas obtained from the methane and ethanol steam reforming is calculated from the direct minimization of Gibbs free energy.
    keywords: bio; ethanol; fuel; hydrogen; methane; reformer; reforming; system; temperature
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        item: #7277 of 7527
          id: cet-5475
      author: sara
       title: Format And Type Fonts
        date: 2014-09-12
       words: 3169
      flesch: 54
     summary: Kinetic studies of propane aromatization over H-ZSM-5 at 500 °C in a wide range of conversions are reported in the literature (Nguyen et al., 2006), and they constitute a useful starting point for the definition of a general kinetic scheme. Kinetic modelling A kinetic model of propane aromatization on H-ZSM-5 catalyst has been developed based on the available literature (Nguyen et al., 2006).
    keywords: 2,9861; aromatization; kinetic; ole2; ole3; process; propane
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        item: #7278 of 7527
          id: cet-5476
      author: sara
       title: Format And Type Fonts
        date: 2014-09-12
       words: 3553
      flesch: 48
     summary: Although the composite graphical tools can provide valuable graphical insights and yield acceptable utility targets in terms of loads and levels, they could not pinpoint the exact heat recovery matches between process and utility streams. Utility streams are presented as a single curve, completely separated from the traditional process GCC.
    keywords: composite; gcc; heat; process; step; targeting; temperature; utilities; utility
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        item: #7279 of 7527
          id: cet-5477
      author: sara
       title: Format And Type Fonts
        date: 2014-09-12
       words: 3865
      flesch: 44
     summary: © 2014, AIDIC Servizi S.r.l., ISBN 978-88-95608-30-3; ISSN 2283-9216 DOI:10.3303/CET1439176 Please cite this article as: Porzio G.F., Colla V., Fornai B., Vannucci M., Larsson M., Stripple H., 2014, Process integration analysis for innovative environmentally friendly recovery and pre-treatment of steel scrap, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 39, 1051-1056 DOI:10.3303/CET1439176 1051 Process Integration Analysis for Innovative Environmentally Friendly Recovery and Pre-Treatment of Steel Scrap Giacomo Filippo Porzio* a , Valentina Colla a , Barbara Fornai a , Marco Vannucci a , Mikael Larsson b , Håkan Stripple c a Scuola Superiore Sant’Anna, TeCIP - PERCRO, Via Alamanni 13b, 56100 Ghezzano, Pisa, Italy b Swerea MEFOS, Box 812 SE-971 25 Luleå, Sweden c IVL Swedish Environmental Research Institute Ltd., P.O. Box 210, 60 SE-100 31, Stockholm, Sweden g.porzio@sssup.it References Fröhling M., Bartusch H., Schwaderer F., Schultmann F., 2009, An Inter-Company Approach to Improve Resource and Energy Efficiency and Reduce Greenhouse Gas Emissions in Metal Industries by Linking Flow Sheet Models, World of Metallurgy – ERZMETALL, 62(5), 288-298. Ijomah M.N.C., Ijomah A.I., 2003, Chemical recycling of galvanized steel scrap, Indian Journal of Chemical technology, 10, 159-165. 1056 Kappes M., Porzio G.F., Colla V., Vannucci M., Krumm W., 2013, Steam gasification process of chlorine- rich shredder granules: experiments and flow-sheeting modelling for process evaluation and scale-up, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 35, 1321-1326.
    keywords: consumption; energy; hcl; plastic; preheating; process; processes; scrap; steel; temperature; zinc
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        item: #7280 of 7527
          id: cet-5478
      author: sara
       title: Format And Type Fonts
        date: 2014-09-12
       words: 3434
      flesch: 56
     summary: In the conventional setup of CHWNs, chilled water is distributed throughout the buildings via piping connection to various HVAC heat exchangers in order to provide required air conditioning and equipment cooling. Chilled water is a typical cooling agent used in various industrial, commercial and institutional facilities.
    keywords: chwn; flowrate; heat; supply; temperature; water
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        item: #7281 of 7527
          id: cet-5479
      author: sara
       title: Format And Type Fonts
        date: 2014-09-13
       words: 3194
      flesch: 38
     summary: Proposal of energy performance indicators assessment The proposed subfields and indicators related to energy performance of buildings and the means of assessment are presented in the Table 1(a) and (b). This paper summarizes the analysis of significance weights of energy performance indicators for evaluation of residential buildings.
    keywords: assessment; buildings; class; energy; indicators; method; performance; practice; system
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        item: #7282 of 7527
          id: cet-548
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-548
        date: 2018-07-19
       words: 3048
      flesch: 43
     summary: Additionally, Andersson and Harvey (2006) reported the performance of conventional BL gasification system to produce H2 with emphasize on the CO2 emission. 704 Figure 2: Process flow diagram of proposed BL drying system (adopted from (Darmawan et al., 2017)) 3.3 CFB gasification Gasification utilizing CFB technology is done to partially oxidize the fuel to provide heat required for the process.
    keywords: efficiency; energy; gasification; power; steam; system
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        item: #7283 of 7527
          id: cet-5480
      author: sara
       title: Format And Type Fonts
        date: 2014-09-13
       words: 3264
      flesch: 45
     summary: © 2014, AIDIC Servizi S.r.l., ISBN 978-88-95608-30-3; ISSN 2283-9216 DOI:10.3303/CET1439179 Please cite this article as: Oluleye G., Jobson M., Smith R., Perry S.J., 2014, Evaluating the potential of a process site for waste heat recovery, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 39, 1069-1074 DOI:10.3303/CET1439179 1069 Evaluating the Potential of a Process Site for Waste Heat Recovery Gbemi Oluleye*, Megan Jobson, Robin Smith, Simon J. Perry Centre for Process Integration, School of Chemical Engineering and Analytical Science, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK gbemi.oluleye@manchester.ac.uk In this work, waste heat is defined and a methodology is developed to identify the potential for waste heat recovery in a process site, considering the temperature and quantity of waste heat sources from the site processes and the site utility system (including fired heaters and, the cogeneration, cooling and refrigeration systems). A complete analysis for waste heat recovery should consider various sources of waste heat at various temperatures from site processes and the site utility system.
    keywords: cooling; energy; heat; process; recovery; site; waste; waste heat
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        item: #7284 of 7527
          id: cet-5481
      author: sara
       title: Format And Type Fonts
        date: 2014-09-13
       words: 2890
      flesch: 42
     summary: The optimisation is carried out for two scenarios: (1) disallowing heat recovery; (2) with heat integration between the separation system and the associated refrigeration system. The optimisation is subject to: 1078 MFR PP  (4) COLMF PP  (5) MFP PP  (6) U PP L P PPP  (7) UL   (8) U MFMF L MF FFF  (9) U iMFiMF L iMF yyy ,,,  (10) Where P is the pressure (R: retentate; P: permeate; MF: membrane feed; COL: column), ϴ is the stage cut (L: lower bound; U: upper bound), FMF: membrane feed molar flow rate, yFM,i: mole fraction of component i in the membrane feed stream.
    keywords: column; design; distillation; heat; hybrid; membrane; process; separation; system
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        item: #7285 of 7527
          id: cet-5482
      author: sara
       title: Format And Type Fonts
        date: 2014-09-13
       words: 3465
      flesch: 42
     summary: Rohde D., Walnum H.T., Andresen T., Nekså P., 2013, Heat recovery from export gas compression: Analyzing power cycles with detailed heat exchanger models, Applied Thermal Engineering, 60, 1-6. Tock L., Maréchal F., 2012, H2 processes with CO2 mitigation: Thermo-economic modeling and process integration, International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 37, 11785-11795. Another possibility is to implement a CO2-capture unit, which allows recovering CO2 that can be used for enhanced oil recovery.
    keywords: capture; co2; cycle; energy; gas; integration; oil; plant; power; steam
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        item: #7286 of 7527
          id: cet-5483
      author: sara
       title: Format And Type Fonts
        date: 2014-09-16
       words: 3357
      flesch: 48
     summary: 3.2 Generating gross errors Measured values with gross errors were obtained by adding the randomness noise (comes from atmospheric noise) to measured values with random errors of a hot oil volumetric flowrate variable, Fo and a cold ethane inlet temperature, Tet,in using Integer Random Number Generator via random.org to generate 365 values (days collected). Simulating data This task involves simulating true values and measured values.
    keywords: error; heat; oil; values; variables
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        item: #7287 of 7527
          id: cet-5484
      author: sara
       title: Format And Type Fonts
        date: 2014-09-13
       words: 3819
      flesch: 38
     summary: 6. Conclusions A ranking criterion accounting for the economic value of useful energy recovered from waste heat and impact on CO2 emissions is introduced in this work to evaluate opportunities for waste heat utilization in a process site. The aim of this paper is to develop a systematic way of ranking and evaluating waste heat utilization opportunities.
    keywords: cost; electricity; emissions; energy; heat; opportunities; site; waste
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        item: #7288 of 7527
          id: cet-5485
      author: sara
       title: Format And Type Fonts
        date: 2014-09-13
       words: 2672
      flesch: 66
     summary: © 2014, AIDIC Servizi S.r.l., ISBN 978-88-95608-30-3; ISSN 2283-9216 DOI:10.3303/CET1439184 Please cite this article as: Yang M., Feng X., Liu G., 2014, Heat exchanger network design considering the heat pump performance, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 39, 1099-1104 DOI:10.3303/CET1439184 1099 Heat Exchanger Network Design Considering the Heat Pump Performance Minbo Yang a , Xiao Feng* b , Guilian Liu a a School of Chemical Engineering & Technology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China b State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, China University of Petroleum, Beijing 102249, China xfeng@cup.edu.cn Setting heat pumps correctly in a heat exchanger network can reduce the consumption of cold and hot utilities simultaneously and further enhance the energy utilization efficiency. Economy and feasible operation of heat pumps are taken as constraints for identifying its optimal placement scenario in the Grand Composite Curve (GCC).
    keywords: heat; network; pinch; pumps; t t
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        item: #7289 of 7527
          id: cet-5486
      author: sara
       title: Format And Type Fonts
        date: 2014-09-16
       words: 3292
      flesch: 54
     summary: The impact of three alternative energy supply solutions such as exhaust air heat pump coupled with district heating, district heating coupled with room based heat recovery ventilation unit, and air-to-water heat pump coupled with mechanical exhaust ventilation and district heating have been studied in the case of a refurbished Soviet time residential building. Energy analysis of buildings equipped with exhaust air heat pumps (EAHP), Energy and Buildings, 42 , 1283-1289.
    keywords: air; alternative; building; district; energy; heat; heating; ventilation
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        item: #7290 of 7527
          id: cet-5487
      author: sara
       title: Format And Type Fonts
        date: 2014-09-16
       words: 2832
      flesch: 51
     summary: The objectives that have been considered are maximising CO2 capture rate and minimising the corresponding specific energy penalty. Maximise (%) 2CO CR & Minimise   2 5 1 CO pumprefRCi Ci M EEEE SE    (1) w.r.t. iVPurge C , piF , BDP and condP Where; 2CO CR : CO2 capture rate (%) Ci E : Electrical power consumed by compressor i C  kW ref E : Electrical power consumed by refrigeration compressor  kW RC E : Electrical power consumed by recycle compressor  kW pump E : Electrical power consumed by CO2 pump  kW 2CO M : Amount of CO2 captured  kmol iVPurge C ; 4,3,2,1i : Valve co-efficient for purging valves  
    keywords: adsorption; bed; capture; co2; pressure; process; psa; rate; stream; system
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        item: #7291 of 7527
          id: cet-5488
      author: sara
       title: Format And Type Fonts
        date: 2014-09-16
       words: 3459
      flesch: 35
     summary: Therefore, an apparatus in which the process was carried ethanolamine purification of gases CO2, the use of a vortex unit, in which the absorbent is sprayed, and reacting it in a swirling flow of the gas. For solving of this problem it is necessary to conduct systematic research in the following areas: identifying the sources of CO2 emissions in the context of specific objects and processes; the study of properties of CO2 in gas, liquid, solid and supercritical states, the development of effective ways of CO2 utilization, preventing it from to re-entering the atmosphere and providing its binding or long-term sequestration.
    keywords: ammonium; bicarbonate; carbon; co2; dioxide; emissions; gas; production; utilization
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        item: #7292 of 7527
          id: cet-5489
      author: Petar
       title: 701_188
        date: 2014-09-13
       words: 4530
      flesch: 55
     summary: This means that if the MPC is able to provide strategies for the benchmark, it becomes apparent that the it could be applied to a real microgrid, as the benchmark used by IEEE is the industry standard for electrical grids. The electrical prices used are the day-ahead market electricity prices as the interactions are at grid level.
    keywords: control; electricity; grid; microgrid; model; mpc; storage; strategy; units
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        item: #7293 of 7527
          id: cet-549
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-549
        date: 2018-07-19
       words: 3189
      flesch: 48
     summary: Estimates of residential sector energy consumption are typically published by governments, which compile values from energy providers; however, these values may be inaccurate as they do not account for on-site generation. Given the high share of energy consumption in the residential sector and energy policies implemented worldwide in the past decades (e.g. Europe 20-20-20, a better understanding of the defining characteristics of residential energy consumption is clearly required.
    keywords: co2; consumption; cooling; energy; heating; network; profile; sector; service
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        item: #7294 of 7527
          id: cet-5490
      author: sara
       title: Format And Type Fonts
        date: 2014-09-13
       words: 2359
      flesch: 43
     summary: The heat flux can be obtained from the following formula using the area of heat transfer surface which is specified by known geometry of the preheater (Table 2). Experiments were conducted in order to investigate an impact of the presence of a non-condensable gas in the mixture on the intensity of heat transfer in the preheater.
    keywords: feedwater; figure; heat; heat transfer; mixture; preheater; transfer
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        item: #7295 of 7527
          id: cet-5491
      author: sara
       title: Format And Type Fonts
        date: 2014-09-13
       words: 3039
      flesch: 41
     summary: Firstly, the catalyst cost for FT reactor considered as the low sensitivity parameter which affects FT liquid production cost less than ±$ 0.03 per litre. , FT liquid production cost was affected by a range of approximately 1.58 and 2.023 US$/LDE.
    keywords: biomass; cost; gasification; plant; process; production; syngas; synthesis; unit
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        item: #7296 of 7527
          id: cet-5492
      author: sara
       title: Format And Type Fonts
        date: 2014-09-13
       words: 3604
      flesch: 51
     summary: The identification of suitable cycles is done with a Multi- Objective-Optimisation approach (Figure 2). With the methodology proposed in this paper, we want to address some of these difficulties, 1142 Figure 1: Cycle identification embedded in Integration Figure 2: Multi-Objective-Optimisation Algorithm analysing at the same time economic factors and thermodynamic factors with a methodology that allows for multiple fluids.
    keywords: cost; cycles; decision; fluids; heat; integration; objective; process; temperature
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        item: #7297 of 7527
          id: cet-5493
      author: sara
       title: Format And Type Fonts
        date: 2014-09-13
       words: 2932
      flesch: 44
     summary: One part is treated for ethanol production, while the other for sugar production. In Case II, sugar and ethanol are produced equally, considering ethanol production from residual molasses from sugar production and some amount of syrup and treated juice.
    keywords: case; ethanol; integration; process; production; steam; sugar; sugarcane
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        item: #7298 of 7527
          id: cet-5494
      author: sara
       title: Format And Type Fonts
        date: 2014-11-13
       words: 2770
      flesch: 56
     summary: 1. Introduction Biomass and solar energy are expected to play a very important role in decreasing global CO2 emissions. 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100% 0 2,000 4,000 6,000 8,000 10,000 12,000 14,000 0 4 8 12 16 20 24 P la n t e ff ic ie n cy P o w e r, k W t, h PV power BP power Power to grid Plant efficiency 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100% 0 2,000 4,000 6,000 8,000 10,000 12,000 14,000 0 4 8 12 16 20 24 P la n t e ff ic ie n cy P o w e r, k W t, h PV power BP power Power to grid Plant efficiency
    keywords: biomass; electrolyser; energy; hybrid; hydrogen; photovoltaic; plant; power; solar
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        item: #7299 of 7527
          id: cet-5495
      author: sara
       title: Format And Type Fonts
        date: 2014-09-16
       words: 2308
      flesch: 47
     summary: Gas oil yield increased when increasing the temperature until 340 °C, above that value it became lower and lower in the applied temperature interval. Furthermore, according to EU regulations bio gas oil produced from waste is to be taken into account twice when calculating the bio component ratio to the total fuel (Baladincz et al., 2012).
    keywords: content; feed; gas; grease; oil; product; temperature
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        item: #7300 of 7527
          id: cet-5496
      author: sara
       title: Format And Type Fonts
        date: 2014-09-13
       words: 3025
      flesch: 36
     summary: In the case of diesel engines, new technologies such as those presented by Di Natale et al. (2013) can help to solve the emissions issue. (2011) also showed reduction of NOX emissions with the use of ethanol blended to diesel oil and in diesel engines.
    keywords: combustion; cylinder; diesel; engine; ethanol; fuel; pressure; temperature
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        item: #7301 of 7527
          id: cet-5497
      author: sara
       title: Format And Type Fonts
        date: 2014-09-13
       words: 2836
      flesch: 44
     summary: The pre-exponential factor (k0) and activation energy (Ea) were obtained from ArrheniusEq(3), from the plot of ln(kVRM) versus 1/T.  Xk dt dX VRM  1 (2) RT Ea VRM kk   exp 0 (3) The Arrhenius equation plot results are given in Figure 4, however the pre-exponential factor and the activation energy obtained from these plots, for each test conditions, are regrouped in Table 2. 1175 Figure 4: Arrhenius plots of CNS char gasification reaction with the various gasifying agents Table 2: Kinetic parameters of CNS char gasification Gasifying agent Ea(kJ/mol) K0 (s -1 ) CNS char gasification tests were conducted using a tubular fixed bed reactor (36 mm internal diameter and 350 mm height) and equipped with a porous plate for bed support.
    keywords: carbon; char; cns; gasification; particles; reactivity; size; steam; temperature
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        item: #7302 of 7527
          id: cet-5498
      author: sara
       title: Format And Type Fonts
        date: 2014-09-13
       words: 3263
      flesch: 45
     summary: However, the dry reforming is less pronounce when the excess steam in the reforming process and the carbon dioxide as the product of biogas steam reforming reactions added to the system has an impact on the occurrence of reverse reaction. CO2 = 60:40 FBMR CR 1181 Figure 3: Effect of reactor pressure at varied composition of biogas on (a) the hydrogen product of the biogas steam reforming reactions compared between the CR (dash line) and the FBMR (thick line) (b) the permeation of hydrogen rate Figure 4: Effect of steam to carbon ratio at varied composition of biogas on (a) the hydrogen product of the biogas steam reforming reactions compared between the CR (dash line) and the FBMR (thick line) (b) the permeation of hydrogen rate The influence of reactor pressure on the hydrogen product of biogas steam reforming reactions in the CR and the FBMR is shown in Figure 3a.
    keywords: biogas; biogas steam; fbmr; hydrogen; membrane; product; reforming; steam; steam reforming
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        item: #7303 of 7527
          id: cet-5499
      author: sara
       title: Format And Type Fonts
        date: 2014-09-13
       words: 3233
      flesch: 48
     summary: The integration of oxygen transport membranes to different processes has been extensively investigated. Another study showed a 0.7 % increase in energy efficiency with the integration of oxygen transport membranes into an IGCC system (Anantharaman and Bolland, 2011).
    keywords: bscf; clas; energy; membrane; oxygen; process; recovery
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        item: #7304 of 7527
          id: cet-55
      author: TW
       title: cet-55
        date: 2017-10-04
       words: 3321
      flesch: 37
     summary: As mentioned above, it is feasible to construct the engineered microbes with high binding capacity and selectivity towards specific metal ions by overexpression of functional protein on cell surface. Chlamydomonas reinhardtii Pyrroline-5- carboxylate synthetase (P5CS) Cd2+ Intercellular bind fourfold more Cd2+ than wild-type cells (Siripornaduls il et al., 2002) 27 4.1 Self-flocculating microalgae Due to the small size of microalga cells (2 - 20 μm) and strong negative charge on cell surface (Barros et al., 2015), the economical harvesting/separation of microalgae from large volume solutions poses a formidable challenge for the industry commercialization.
    keywords: binding; biosorbents; cell; engineering; metals; microalgae; recovery; surface
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        item: #7305 of 7527
          id: cet-550
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-550
        date: 2018-07-19
       words: 3520
      flesch: 56
     summary: Professor Robin Smith’s research group at the University of Manchester, aimed at the HEN retrofit DOI: 10.3303/CET1870120 Please cite this article as: Xiao W., Shi Z., Jiang X., He G., Luo L., 2018, Heat exchanger network synthesis considering the equipment size of heat transfer enhancement , Chemical Engineering Transactions, 70, 715-720 DOI:10.3303/CET1870120 715 considering the heat transfer enhancement technologies (Jiang et al., 2014), and carries out comprehensive research on HEN after heat transfer enhancement, heat transfer coefficient changes, pressure drop increase and scaling changes (Akpomiemie and Smith, 2017). With heat transfer enhancement using in tube side, the calculation of ht only needs to correct Nut. , , 1 1 , , , 1 1 , i j in cos ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) E E utility area pump E c c c ijk ijk cui ccu j k cui hu
    keywords: coefficient; drop; enhancement; equipment; exchanger; heat; heat transfer; hen; shell; transfer; tube
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        item: #7306 of 7527
          id: cet-5500
      author: sara
       title: Format And Type Fonts
        date: 2014-09-13
       words: 2369
      flesch: 49
     summary: With increasing temperature the biochar yield sinks and the transfer of the biogenic carbon, deduced from 14 C-analysis, into liquid fractions (pyrolysis oil, hydrocarbons - mixed oil and carrier oil) rises. During liquid phase pyrolysis (LPP) the lignocellulosic biomass is transferred into hydrocarbons (mixed oil, carrier oil), liquid CHO-products, reaction water, biochar and gaseous products.
    keywords: biomass; liquid; oil; products; pyrolysis; reaction
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        item: #7307 of 7527
          id: cet-5501
      author: sara
       title: Format And Type Fonts
        date: 2014-09-13
       words: 3284
      flesch: 49
     summary: Park S.S., Kim N.J., 2010, Multi-walled carbon nanotubes effects for methane hydrate formation, Proceeding in The 2nd International Conference on Computer and Automation Engineering (ICCAE), 5, 294-297. © 2014, AIDIC Servizi S.r.l., ISBN 978-88-95608-30-3; ISSN 2283-9216 DOI:10.3303/CET1439200 Please cite this article as: Siangsai A., Rangsunvigit P., Kitiyanan B., Kulprathipanja S., 2014, Roles of activated carbon and tetrahydrofuran on methane hydrate phase equilibrium, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 39, 1195-1200 DOI:10.3303/CET1439200 1195 Roles of Activated Carbon and Tetrahydrofuran on Methane Hydrate Phase Equilibrium Atsadawuth Siangsai a , Pramoch Rangsunvigit* a , Boonyarach Kitiyanan a , Santi Kulprathipanja b a The Petroleum and Petrochemical College, Chulalongkorn University, Patumwan, 10330 Bangkok, Thailand b UOP, A Honeywell Company, Des Plaines, IL 60017, USA pramoch.r@chula.ac.th This work studied the effects of activated carbon and tetrathydrofuran (5.56 mol % THF) on methane hydrate phase equilibrium and hydrate dissociation.
    keywords: carbon; dissociation; formation; gas; hydrate; methane; phase; pressure
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        item: #7308 of 7527
          id: cet-5502
      author: sara
       title: Format And Type Fonts
        date: 2014-09-16
       words: 3152
      flesch: 50
     summary: Please cite this article as: Rangsunvigit P., Sridechprasat P., Kitiyanan B., Kulprathipanja S., 2014, Effects of TiCl3, TiO2, ZrCl4, and ZrO2 on hydrogen desorption of MgH2 and its reversibility, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 39, 1201-1206 DOI:10.3303/CET1439201 1201 Effects of TiCl3, TiO2, ZrCl4, and ZrO2 on Hydrogen Desorption of MgH2 and Its Reversibility Pramoch Rangsunvigit* a , Pattaraporn Sridechprasat a , Boonyarach Kitiyanan a , Santi Kulprathipanja b a The Petroleum and Petrochemical College, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand b UOP, A Honeywell Company, Des Plaines, Illinois, USA Pramoch.r@chula.ac.th A thorough investigation on hydrogen desorption of MgH2 and its reversibility with the focus on effects of a catalyst (TiCl3, TiO2, ZrCl4, and ZrO2) were reported.
    keywords: ball; catalyst; crystallite; desorption; hydrogen; hydrogen desorption; mgh2; size; temperature
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        item: #7309 of 7527
          id: cet-5503
      author: sara
       title: Format And Type Fonts
        date: 2014-09-16
       words: 2576
      flesch: 46
     summary: The catalysts prepared with the two different methods were characterized and the stability was investigated in catalytic activity tests. The different structured samples will be characterized in terms of mechanical stability test by ultrasonic vibration to investigate the adhesion of ceria washcoat on cordierite and compared in terms of catalytic activity tests.
    keywords: catalysts; h2s; impregnation; washcoat
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        item: #7310 of 7527
          id: cet-5504
      author: sara
       title: Format And Type Fonts
        date: 2014-09-13
       words: 2674
      flesch: 46
     summary: The simplified form of the intercommunication relation between mass transfer coefficient and friction reads (Mednikov, 1981) 31 8 Sc u St fr p n   (14) Here n is the mass transfer coefficient, pu is the particle velocity, fr is the friction coefficient, ng DvSc  is the Schmidt number, St is the Stanton number. Phys., 5, 715–737. Mednikov E.P., 1981, Turbulent transfer and sedimentation of aerosols, Nauka, (In Russian).
    keywords: aerosol; coefficient; diffusion; flow; gas; mass; particles; pulsations; transfer
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        item: #7311 of 7527
          id: cet-5505
      author: sara
       title: Format And Type Fonts
        date: 2014-09-13
       words: 2637
      flesch: 32
     summary: Nevertheless, methanol synthesis is almost exclusively produced via syngas from fossil fuel resources, a well-known process characterized by its low yield (about 7 % molar of methanol production per reactor pass due to thermodynamic equilibrium limitations according to Manenti et al., (2013)). Fan L., Li F., Ramkumar S., 2008, Utilization of chemical looping strategy in coal gasification processes, Particuology, 6, 131-142.
    keywords: biomass; energy; gasification; methanol; power; process; reactor; solar
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        item: #7312 of 7527
          id: cet-5506
      author: sara
       title: Format And Type Fonts
        date: 2014-09-13
       words: 2616
      flesch: 43
     summary: 2.1 Sample Preparation Different samples of mineral material were collected from different locations of the study area, spread in the area of 100 km 2 . Fourier Transform Infra red spectroscopy (FTIR) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) were used for structural and phase identification of mineral material for all samples.
    keywords: activation; cement; material; mineral; samples; temperature
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        item: #7313 of 7527
          id: cet-5507
      author: sara
       title: Format And Type Fonts
        date: 2014-09-16
       words: 3126
      flesch: 47
     summary:  Regular: gas or fuel gas streams that require the addition of optimal fuel gas streams or goal to be burned uneventful.  For number 77,690.38 methane, fuel gas mixture reference contains a molar fraction of 10% hydrogen and 90 % mole fraction of methane.
    keywords: fuel; gas; index; methane; mixture; number; process; streams
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        item: #7314 of 7527
          id: cet-5508
      author: sara
       title: Format And Type Fonts
        date: 2014-09-13
       words: 3601
      flesch: 46
     summary: These suggests that the observed inhibition effect was as a result of high Cr 6+ and As 3+ concentration, which correlate to Cr 6+ and As 3+ toxicity to microbes. © 2014, AIDIC Servizi S.r.l., ISBN 978-88-95608-30-3; ISSN 2283-9216 DOI: 10.3303/CET1439207 Please cite this article as: Igboamalu T.E., Chirwa E.M.N., 2014, Cr 6+ Reduction in an indigenous mixed culture of bacteria in the presence of As 3+ , Chemical Engineering Transactions, 39, 1237-1242 DOI:10.3303/CET1439207 1237 Cr 6+ Reduction in an Indigenous Mixed Culture of Bacteria in the Presence of As 3+ Tony E. Igboamalu, Evans M.N. Chirwa* Water Utilisation Division, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa evans.chirwa@up.ac.za The indigenous mixed culture of bacteria collected from a Wastewater Treatment Plant in Brits (North West Province, South Africa) biocatalytically reduced Cr 6+ in the presence of As 3+ .
    keywords: bacteria; concentration; culture; figure; individual; presence; reduction
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        item: #7315 of 7527
          id: cet-5509
      author: sara
       title: Format And Type Fonts
        date: 2014-09-13
       words: 2445
      flesch: 53
     summary: Table 2 shows that the HRT does not affect the efficiency of phosphorus removal significantly, when it is higher than 10 min. 4. Conclusion By the pilot scale tests it was verified that the technology of chemical precipitation and separation of suspension by dissolved air flotation is suitable to remove phosphorus from wastewaters with very low concentrations of total phosphorus. The precipitate was removed by dissolved air flotation which took place in a pilot scale flotation unit Kunst-i-flot.
    keywords: air; phosphorus; tank; wastewater
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        item: #7316 of 7527
          id: cet-551
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-551
        date: 2018-07-19
       words: 3878
      flesch: 33
     summary: In this work, a new procedure for the preparation of microwave susceptible catalytic DPFs based on a preliminary controlled chemical erosion of the porous structure was optimized, so obtaining catalytic filters with higher catalyst load (30 %wt CuFe2O4). The catalyst deposition is a critical issue, since the main problem of catalyst- DOI: 10.3303/CET1870121 Please cite this article as: Meloni E., Palma V., 2018, Low temperature microwave regeneration of catalytic diesel particulate filter , Chemical Engineering Transactions, 70, 721-726 DOI:10.3303/CET1870121 721 coated DPFs (CDPFs) is the increase in pressure drop as compared to the bare filter, since the thinner porous wall of the filter oppose a higher resistance to the gas flow.
    keywords: catalyst; dpf; filter; microwave; monoliths; palma; regeneration; soot; temperature
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        item: #7317 of 7527
          id: cet-5510
      author: sara
       title: Format And Type Fonts
        date: 2014-09-13
       words: 3323
      flesch: 38
     summary: XRD spectra of Taizhuzgen zeolite and catalystson its basis after heating-up in air at 600°С: 1 - zeolite; 2 - Сu-Ce/zeolite; 3 - Сu-Ni- Cr/zeolite Figure 2b: XRD spectra of ZSM-5 zeolite catalysts on its basis after heating-up in air at 500 °С: 1 - ZSM-5; 2 - Cu/ZSM-5; 3 - Ce/ZSM-5; 4 - Cu/Ce/ZSM-5 ceriumand group VIII cobalt helps to preserve zeolite frameand to prevent tenorite formation (Figure 2b). © 2014, AIDIC Servizi S.r.l., ISBN 978-88-95608-30-3; ISSN 2283-9216 DOI: 10.3303/CET1439209 Please cite this article as: Sadenova M.A., Abdulina S.A., Sapargaliev E.M., Tungatarova S.A., 2014, Catalysts for purification of waste gas on the basis of natural zeolites of kazakhstan, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 39, 1249-1254 DOI:10.3303/CET1439209 1249 Catalysts for Purification of Waste Gas on the Basis of Natural Zeolites of Kazakhstan Marzhan A. Sadenova, Saule A. Abdulina a , Erzhan M. Sapargaliev a , Svetlana A. Tungatarova* b a D. Serikbayev East Kazakhstan State Technical University, 19, Serikbayev str., 070000, Ust-Kamenogorsk, Kazakhstan b D.V. Sokolsky Institute of Organic Catalysis and Electrochemistry, 142, Kunaev str., 050010, Almaty, Kazakhstan tungatarova58@mail.ru
    keywords: air; catalysts; clinoptilolite; figure; heating; kazakhstan; samples; structure; temperature; zeolite
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        item: #7318 of 7527
          id: cet-5511
      author: sara
       title: Format And Type Fonts
        date: 2014-09-13
       words: 3250
      flesch: 48
     summary: © 2014, AIDIC Servizi S.r.l., ISBN 978-88-95608-30-3; ISSN 2283-9216 DOI: 10.3303/CET1439210 Please cite this article as: Francisco F.D.S., Mirre R.C., Calixto E.E.S., Pessoa F.L.P., Queiroz E.M., 2014, Management of water consumption in pulp and paper industry – a case study using water sources diagram, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 39, 1255-1260 DOI:10.3303/CET1439210 1255 Management of Water Consumption in Pulp and Paper Industry – A Case Study using Water Sources Diagram Flávio da S. Francisco, Reinaldo C. Mirre, Ewerton E. S. Calixto, Fernando L. P. Pessoa, Eduardo M. Queiroz* Departamento de Engenharia Química, Escola de Química, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Av. Athos da Silveira Ramos, 149, CT, Bl. E, Cidade Universitária, 21941-909, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil mach@eq.ufrj.br In the present work a brief literature review focusing the analysis of water systems in the pulp and paper industry is presented and the Water Sources Diagram (WSD) method is applied in a case study. The WSD methodology is here applied in the bleaching section and focuses the minimization of water consumption through maximum reuse.
    keywords: consumption; contaminant; paper; washer; water; wsd
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        item: #7319 of 7527
          id: cet-5512
      author: sara
       title: Format And Type Fonts
        date: 2014-09-13
       words: 3588
      flesch: 56
     summary: © 2014, AIDIC Servizi S.r.l., ISBN 978-88-95608-30-3; ISSN 2283-9216 DOI: 10.3303/CET1439211 Please cite this article as: Pithakratanayothin S., Jitkarnka S., 2014, Comparison of components in oil derived from tyre pyrolysis with and without KL catalyst using GC × GC / TOF-MS, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 39, 1261-1266 DOI:10.3303/CET1439211 1261 Comparison of Components in Oil Derived from Tyre Pyrolysis with and without KL Catalyst Using GC × GC / TOF-MS Sakollapath Pithakratanayothin a , Sirirat Jitkarnka b* a The Petroleum and Petrochemical College, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand b Center of Excellence on Petrochemical and Materials Technology, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand sirirat.j@chula.ac.th Typically, the products from waste tyre pyrolysis consist of (i) gas fraction (18 – 23 %wt ), (ii) liquid fraction ( 41 – 49 %wt ), and (iii) char fraction ( 38 – 40 %wt ). The components in the oils derived from tyre pyrolysis with and without KL catalyst are hereby compared and discussed.
    keywords: aromatics; catalyst; figure; mahs; oil; pyrolysis; tyre
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        item: #7320 of 7527
          id: cet-5513
      author: sara
       title: Format And Type Fonts
        date: 2014-09-13
       words: 3431
      flesch: 51
     summary: As compared with the HMOR catalyst, the Cu/HMOR decreased the amount of olefins, naphthenes, poly-aromatics, and polar aromatic compounds in oils while the amounts of paraffins, di- and mono-aromatics in oils were increased because the presence of copper can promote hydrogenation, ring- opening, and cracking activities of HMOR zeolite. Furthermore, Cu/HMOR catalyst not only reduced heavy compounds in the oil but also sulphur content in the oil (reduced from 1.08 wt% to 0.907 wt% in the HMOR case), indicating that the quality of the oil as a combustion fuel was improved by using copper as a promoter of HMOR zeolite.
    keywords: catalyst; copper; hmor; oil; pyrolysis; sulphur; tyre; waste
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        item: #7321 of 7527
          id: cet-5514
      author: sara
       title: Format And Type Fonts
        date: 2014-09-13
       words: 2509
      flesch: 43
     summary: Subsequently, waste LHV is considered as a subject to change in financial sensitivity analysis. 1.3 Determination of waste LHV The basic procedure for LHV determination of homogeneous fuels is thermal decomposition of tested materials in the calorimeter.
    keywords: composition; data; energy; lhv; plants; value; waste; wte
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        item: #7322 of 7527
          id: cet-5515
      author: sara
       title: Format And Type Fonts
        date: 2014-09-13
       words: 3787
      flesch: 52
     summary: Machida M., Sato A., Kijima T., Inoue H., Eguchi K., Arai H., 1995, Catalytic properties and surface modification of hexaaluminate microcrystals for combustion catalyst, Catal. Grigoriyeva V.P., Popova N.M., Zheksenbaeva Z.T., Sass A.S., Salakhova R.H., Dosumov K., 2002, Study of polyoxide methane combustion catalysts based on Mn, Cu, Ni, REE, AEE by XRD method, Izvestija of the NAS of Kazakhstan.
    keywords: al2o3; catalyst; ch4; combustion; methane; mnreeaee/2; oxidation
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        item: #7323 of 7527
          id: cet-5516
      author: sara
       title: Format And Type Fonts
        date: 2014-09-13
       words: 3147
      flesch: 43
     summary: The conversion profiles (b); the weight- (c) and number (d) average molecular weight profiles by different continuous phase temperature profiles. It is commonly assumed that in suspension polymerization heat transfer between the polymerizing droplets and the continuous phase is rapid, and both phases have the same average temperatures (Meyer and Keurentjes, 2005).
    keywords: cooling; droplets; heat; monomer; phase; polymerization; scale; suspension; temperature
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        item: #7324 of 7527
          id: cet-5517
      author: sara
       title: Format And Type Fonts
        date: 2014-09-13
       words: 3296
      flesch: 51
     summary: The attractive features of fuel cells include no moving parts, quiet operation, low environmental pollution, and high efficiency. Boosting energy conversion efficiency using fuel cells.
    keywords: cell; control; controllability; design; fuel; reaction; sofc; temperature
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        item: #7325 of 7527
          id: cet-5518
      author: sara
       title: Format And Type Fonts
        date: 2014-09-13
       words: 3308
      flesch: 46
     summary: Dynamic simulation is a viable solution to identify any operational issue at transient conditions for the integrated power and CO2 capture plants. In order to analyse the dynamic behaviour and to identify any operational issue at transient conditions for the integrated power and CO2 capture plants, different simulations scenarios have been performed.
    keywords: absorption; ammonia; capture; carbon; co2; gas; liquid; mass; model; phase; transfer
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        item: #7326 of 7527
          id: cet-5519
      author: sara
       title: Format And Type Fonts
        date: 2014-09-13
       words: 2599
      flesch: 42
     summary: In Table 3, ceramic material decreased by 2.86 % as compared with the value before contact with the MEA. For the study of materials contactors the Tafel extrapolation electrochemical technique was used, using two electrochemical corrosion cells, which were composed of a working electrode (sample), an electrode of graphite, a saturated electrode of Calomel, and one electrolyte aqueous solutions of an aqueous solution of MEA (monoethanolamine) at 30 % in weight, and electronic measurement was made.
    keywords: contact; corrosion; gases; material; mea; polymeric; solution; surface
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        item: #7327 of 7527
          id: cet-552
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-552
        date: 2018-07-19
       words: 3973
      flesch: 51
     summary: Bio gas oil is a mixture of iso- and n-paraffins and it is produced from different feedstocks having high triglyceride content (and fatty acid content) by special type of hydrocracking. % Yield of gas oil % 315 330 340 350 360 4.9 4.7 5.1 7.5 8.0 95.1 95.3 94.9 92.5 92.0
    keywords: content; gas; lhsv; oil; products
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        item: #7328 of 7527
          id: cet-5520
      author: sara
       title: Format And Type Fonts
        date: 2014-09-13
       words: 3064
      flesch: 38
     summary: H2S concentration in the air at bioreactor outlet oscillated between 0 and 22 ppmv and the resulting efficiency of H2S biodegradation was in the range 60 – 100 %. 1312 Figure 3: H2S concentration at bioreactor inlet and outlet, and H2S conversion factor recorded on measurements days 3 and 4 In the middle of day 4, the computer-assisted data logging was interrupted due to equipment failure caused by high temperature and high humidity of the air but bioreactor operation was continued and so were H2S measurements using Draeger H2S Gas Detector.
    keywords: air; bed; biodegradation; bioreactor; concentration; conversion; factor; h2s; removal
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        item: #7329 of 7527
          id: cet-5521
      author: sara
       title: Format And Type Fonts
        date: 2014-09-13
       words: 2167
      flesch: 38
     summary: The front panel of the program is shown in the Figure 4. Figure 4: The front panel of the program for thermal diffusivity measurement 1319 3. Introduction The knowledge of thermophysical properties (TPP) of producing thermal insulation materials and their dependence on temperature is necessary because it will allow to choose optimal mode of equipment operation.
    keywords: diffusivity; measurement; method; period; temperature
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        item: #7330 of 7527
          id: cet-5522
      author: sara
       title: Format And Type Fonts
        date: 2014-09-13
       words: 3098
      flesch: 60
     summary: However, this practice is characterized by the increased NOx formation since the bound nitrogen in the fuel contributes to the formation of fuel NOx in the combustion zone. During the tests using staged combustion the secondary nozzle heads were turned by +20° and their radial distance was set to the maximum (230 mm).
    keywords: air; burner; combustion; fuel; nitrogen; nox
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        item: #7331 of 7527
          id: cet-5523
      author: sara
       title: Format And Type Fonts
        date: 2014-09-13
       words: 3394
      flesch: 41
     summary: Neveux T., Le Moullec Y., Corriou J.P., Favre E., 2013, Energy performance of CO2 capture processes: Interaction between process design and solvent, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 35, 337-342. References Arachchige U.S.P.R., Kawan D., Tokheim L.-A., Melaaen M.C., 2013, Model development for CO2 capture in the cement industry, International Journal of Modeling and Optimization, 3, 535-540.
    keywords: capture; co2; co2 capture; design; flue; gas; heat; process; solvent; stream; temperature
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        item: #7332 of 7527
          id: cet-5524
      author: sara
       title: Format And Type Fonts
        date: 2014-09-13
       words: 2879
      flesch: 54
     summary: As extraction solvents, ILs such as 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium ethylsulfate ([EMim][ESO4]), 1-ethyl-3-methyl-imidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide ([EMim][NTf2]), 3-methyl-N-butylpyridinium tetracyanoborate ([3- mebupy][B(CN)4)], and 1-ethyl-3-methylpyridinium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide ([EMpy][NTf2]) were selected. As extraction solvents, 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium ethylsulfate ([EMim][ESO4]), 1-ethyl-3-methyl- imidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide ([EMim][NTf2]), 3-methyl-N-butylpyridinium tetracyanoborate ([3-mebupy][B(CN)4]), and 1-ethyl-3-methylpyridinium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide ([EMpy][NTf2]) were selected.
    keywords: extraction; heptane; ils; liquid; raffinate; separation; solvent; toluene
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        item: #7333 of 7527
          id: cet-5525
      author: sara
       title: Format And Type Fonts
        date: 2014-09-13
       words: 1989
      flesch: 40
     summary: The object was to give, explicitly, in the one hand the dependence of pipeline reliability on the chosen pipe material, and on the other hand the influence of pipe size on the pipeline reliability. Such an approach allows specifying, at the projection and construction stages, the requirements of proper working of hydrocarbons transport pipelines.
    keywords: choice; hydrocarbons; material; pipeline; reliability; transport; working
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        item: #7334 of 7527
          id: cet-5526
      author: sara
       title: Format And Type Fonts
        date: 2014-09-14
       words: 3284
      flesch: 52
     summary: Therefore, multi-level assembly model would be beneficial for describing heat exchanger assemblies. 5.1 Assembly modelling library Core of the software is a library for modelling parametric heat exchanger assemblies.
    keywords: assembly; design; exchanger; heat; parts; shell; software; tube
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        item: #7335 of 7527
          id: cet-5527
      author: sara
       title: Format And Type Fonts
        date: 2014-09-14
       words: 3427
      flesch: 61
     summary: Bredell et al. (2006) have used CFD to investigate air flow into ACHEs. They found maldistribution of air flow into the fan inlets, resulting in poor fan performance.
    keywords: ache; air; bundle; cfd; flow; fluid; heat; tube
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        item: #7336 of 7527
          id: cet-5528
      author: sara
       title: Format And Type Fonts
        date: 2014-09-16
       words: 2989
      flesch: 49
     summary: In the present paper, Jet Fires have been studied through CFD analysis, using the Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) equations, coupled with a turbulence model. Jet fires can result from gas, liquid or two-phase mixture emissions.
    keywords: figure; fires; flame; heat; jet; model; temperature; transport; values
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        item: #7337 of 7527
          id: cet-5529
      author: Petar
       title: 066_228
        date: 2014-09-14
       words: 2311
      flesch: 59
     summary: This paper presents results of calculation carried out in order to obtain heat that can be potentially generated in pneumatic pulsator nozzle during the work cycle. Introduction The paper presents results of calculation that has been conducted in order to obtain heat generated in pneumatic pulsator nozzle during the work cycle.
    keywords: airflow; gas; heat; nozzle; outlet; time; work
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        item: #7338 of 7527
          id: cet-553
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-553
        date: 2018-07-19
       words: 3533
      flesch: 47
     summary: 3. Results and discussion Oligomerization of isobutene in the presence of mesoporous (Fehér et al., 2012) and microporous (Fehér et al., 2013) supported ionic liquid catalysts, prepared by the adsorption of ionic liquids on silica, was reported previously. Riisager A., Fehrmann R., Haumann M., Wasserscheid P., 2006, Supported ionic liquids: versatile reaction and separation media, Topics in Catalysis, 40, 91-102. Skoda-Földes R., 2014, The use of supported acidic ionic liquids in organic synthesis, Molecules, 19, 7, 8840- 8884.
    keywords: catalyst; ionic; isobutene; liquids; oligomerization; pentene; products
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        item: #7339 of 7527
          id: cet-5530
      author: sara
       title: Format And Type Fonts
        date: 2014-09-14
       words: 2675
      flesch: 52
     summary: When properly sized, bag filters have high collection efficiencies up to 99 % for a wide particle size range. In this context, the search for designs of bag filters which are more economical makes designers seek to build equipment that presents better distribution of the gas mass flow and lower pressure drops, to increase the bags lifetime.
    keywords: bags; figure; filter; filtration; flow; gas; inlet; pressure; velocity
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        item: #7340 of 7527
          id: cet-5531
      author: sara
       title: Format And Type Fonts
        date: 2014-09-14
       words: 3299
      flesch: 61
     summary: HY zeolite can produce benzene and toluene abundantly because of the largest pore size. The NH4-Beta and NH4-HZSM-5 zeolites were initially dried in an oven at 100 °C for 1 h, followed by calcination at 500-600 °C for 3-5 h to obtain the proton form of zeolite catalyst.
    keywords: ethanol; hbeta; hz5; oil; pore; size; zeolites
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        item: #7341 of 7527
          id: cet-5532
      author: sara
       title: Format And Type Fonts
        date: 2014-09-14
       words: 3901
      flesch: 49
     summary: The sulphur containing compounds were covered with a small amount (10 %) of sulphur containing (0.9 %) gas oil in the sunflower oil to ensure the sulphided state of the catalyst. Based on these results, we concluded that to preserve the sulphide state of the catalyst in case of the catalytic hydrogenation of triglycerides a suitable and cost-effective solution to increase the sulphur content of the feedstock with straight run (high sulphur containing) gas oil.
    keywords: content; feedstocks; gas; lhsv; oil; products; sulphur
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        item: #7342 of 7527
          id: cet-5533
      author: sara
       title: Format And Type Fonts
        date: 2014-09-14
       words: 3344
      flesch: 49
     summary: Krár M., Kasza T., Kovács S., Kalló D., Hancsók J., 2011, Bio gas oils with improved low temperature properties, Fuel Processing Technology, 92(5), 886-892. It is because the aim of our experimental work was the production of diesel fuel blending component via isomerization of bio-paraffin mixture which was obtained catalytic hydrogenation of used cooking oil.
    keywords: bio; fuels; gas; oil; operation; paraffin; properties
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        item: #7343 of 7527
          id: cet-5534
      author: sara
       title: Format And Type Fonts
        date: 2014-09-14
       words: 3213
      flesch: 47
     summary: The main weakness of hydrogen production is the cost, economical as well as environmental, since still 90 % of hydrogen is produced from CH4 reforming and coal gasification (Aprea, 2014). Second path is simulated for hydrogen production from wheat straw via acid PTR, enzymatic hydrolysis and THF.
    keywords: biogas; biohydrogen; biomass; energy; grass; heat; process; production; straw; verge
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        item: #7344 of 7527
          id: cet-5535
      author: sara
       title: Format And Type Fonts
        date: 2014-09-14
       words: 2833
      flesch: 49
     summary: -0.00471 0.56224 0.17584 b4 0.00004 0.00003 -0.00881 0.00098 Table 2: Comparisons of steam turbine performance models Table 1: Steam turbines modelling coefficients Back-pressure turbines Condensing turbine Wmax <5MW Wmax ≥5MW
    keywords: efficiency; load; model; performance; power; pressure; steam; turbine
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        item: #7345 of 7527
          id: cet-5536
      author: sara
       title: Format And Type Fonts
        date: 2014-09-14
       words: 3061
      flesch: 56
     summary: The analysis of the possibility of waste heat utilization and appropriate calculations of plate heat exchangers were carried out. As it was shown by Arsenyeva et al. (2012), in channels of plate heat exchangers the heat and momentum transfer modified analogy exists.
    keywords: exchanger; heat; heating; plate; process; steam; temperature; transfer; waste; water
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        item: #7346 of 7527
          id: cet-5537
      author: sara
       title: Format And Type Fonts
        date: 2014-09-14
       words: 2466
      flesch: 52
     summary: Process heat is recovered directly by applying a heat exchanger network and indirectly by using a super ordinated utility system. For increased temperature intervals below the pinch point (∆Tbpp) and constant process heat demand (∆H4) the same conclusion is valid.
    keywords: analysis; heat; integration; pinch; process; site; utility
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        item: #7347 of 7527
          id: cet-5538
      author: sara
       title: Format And Type Fonts
        date: 2014-09-16
       words: 2545
      flesch: 60
     summary: The obtained results were compared to the data measured at the packing manufacturer Julius Montz GmbH (column diameter: 600 mm) as well as to the values published by Olujic (1999) (column diameter: 200, 450 and 800 mm). Von Harbou I., Mangalapally H.P., Hasse H., 2013, Pilot plant experiments for two new amine solvents for post-combustion carbon dioxide capture, Int.
    keywords: absorption; co2; column; figure; gas; liquid; plant
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        item: #7348 of 7527
          id: cet-5539
      author: sara
       title: Format And Type Fonts
        date: 2014-09-14
       words: 2196
      flesch: 52
     summary: © 2014, AIDIC Servizi S.r.l., ISBN 978-88-95608-30-3; ISSN 2283-9216 DOI:10.3303/CET1439238 Please cite this article as: Boldyryev S., Varbanov P.S., 2014, Process integration for bromine plant, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 39, 1423-1428 DOI:10.3303/CET1439238 1423 Process Integration for Bromine Plant Stanislav Boldyryev* a , Petar Sabev Varbanov b a Olvia Corporation, Laboratorna Str., 45, 49010 Dnepropetrovsk, Ukraine b Centre for Process Integration and Intensification – CPI 2 , Research Institute of Chemical and Process Engineering- MÜKKI, Faculty of Information Technology, University of Pannonia, Egyetem u. 10, H-8200 Veszprém, Hungary stas.boldyryev@gmail.com The energy consumption of bromine plant is not well highlighted in literature.
    keywords: bromine; energy; heat; plant; process; site; sodium
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        item: #7349 of 7527
          id: cet-554
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-554
        date: 2018-07-19
       words: 3343
      flesch: 50
     summary: In this paper, a one-dimensional numerical model for active magnetic regenerator is presented and validated. The performances of active magnetic regenerator with different particle diameters, utilization factors and operating frequencies are calculated with the present model.
    keywords: amr; heat
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        item: #7350 of 7527
          id: cet-5540
      author: sara
       title: Format And Type Fonts
        date: 2014-09-14
       words: 3152
      flesch: 58
     summary: In the first case study, the application of Keep Hot Stream Hot (KHSH) and Keep Cold Stream Cold (KCSC) on TSP reduces the heating and cooling duties resulting in a reduction of 8 % in heat transfer area (HTA) and a saving of 8 % in heat exchangers cost. Minimum heat transfer area for Total Site heat recovery.
    keywords: case; heat; kcsc; khsh; process; tsp
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        item: #7351 of 7527
          id: cet-5541
      author: sara
       title: Format And Type Fonts
        date: 2014-09-14
       words: 3252
      flesch: 49
     summary: In the SA method, continuous variables include exchanger duties, stream flowrates, stream temperatures, and exchanger heat transfer coefficients; while discrete variables include adding intensification techniques, deleting intensification techniques. Please cite this article as: Pan M., Bulatov I., Smith R., 2014, Recent methods for retrofitting heat exchanger networks with heat transfer intensifications, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 39, 1435-1440 DOI:10.3303/CET1439240 1435 Recent Methods for Retrofitting Heat Exchanger Networks with Heat Transfer Intensifications Ming Pan*, Igor Bulatov, Robin Smith Centre for Process Integration, The University of Manchester, Sackville street, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK ming.pan@manchester.ac.uk This paper presents an overview of recent optimization approaches for retrofitting heat exchanger networks (HENs) with heat transfer intensified techniques.
    keywords: exchanger; exex; heat; intensification; optimization; transfer
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        item: #7352 of 7527
          id: cet-5542
      author: sara
       title: Format And Type Fonts
        date: 2014-09-16
       words: 3054
      flesch: 52
     summary: © 2014, AIDIC Servizi S.r.l., ISBN 978-88-95608-30-3; ISSN 2283-9216 DOI: 10.3303/CET1439241 Please cite this article as: Pan M., Agulonu A., Gharaie M., Perry S., Zhang N., Bulatov I., Smith R., 2014, Optimal design technologies for integration of combined cycle gas turbine power plant with CO2 capture, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 39, 1441-1446 DOI:10.3303/CET1439241 1441 Optimal Design Technologies for Integration of Combined Cycle Gas Turbine Power Plant with CO2 Capture Ming Pan, Anthonia Agulonu, Mona Gharaie, Simon Perry, Nan Zhang, Igor Bulatov, Robin Smith Centre for Process Integration, The University of Manchester, Sackville Street, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK ming.pan Although integration principles are now well established, much of the current literature on post-combustion capture system in gas power plant still lacks a comprehensive assessment of their impact on power generation.
    keywords: ccgt; cycle; gas; plant; power; power plant; steam; turbine
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        item: #7353 of 7527
          id: cet-5543
      author: sara
       title: Format And Type Fonts
        date: 2014-09-14
       words: 3309
      flesch: 48
     summary: Carbon capture process could be categorised in four different types, which are post-combustion, pre-combustion, oxyfuel combustion and chemical looping combustion. Post-combustion carbon capture process is one of the preferable to be most promising type of carbon capture process for industrial implementation.
    keywords: capture; carbon; energy; heat; integration; plant; power; process
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        item: #7354 of 7527
          id: cet-5544
      author: sara
       title: Format And Type Fonts
        date: 2014-09-14
       words: 4098
      flesch: 47
     summary: The market for CO2 utilisation is relatively small, and future markets for CO2 will have to map and prioritize points of CO2 emission with utilisation opportunities, advocating for tailor-made and local solutions (GCCSI and PB, 2011). (vii) CO2 emissions in CO2 emissions per ton of CO2 used, refers to the emissions corresponding to outlet streams from the two processes described, plus the CO2 released due to the production of the electricity need.
    keywords: ash; bar; carbon; carbonation; co2; fly; methanol; plant; reactor; water
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        item: #7355 of 7527
          id: cet-5545
      author: sara
       title: Format And Type Fonts
        date: 2014-09-14
       words: 3805
      flesch: 52
     summary: Modelling results show that spray exhaust heat recovery is economically viable for the industrial case study considered. The tool has the ability to cater to site specific needs that affect the utility savings and the capital cost for implementing exhaust heat recovery.
    keywords: air; exchanger; exhaust; fouling; heat; irr; npv; recovery; tube; walmsley
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        item: #7356 of 7527
          id: cet-5546
      author: sara
       title: Format And Type Fonts
        date: 2014-09-16
       words: 2984
      flesch: 46
     summary: 1.37×10 −5 - 3.66×10 −5 Electronic conductivity (  -1 m -1 ) 8.4 × 10 3 - 80 × 10 3 Ionic conductivity (  -1 m -1 ) - 3.34 × 10 4 exp(-10,300/T) - Table 3: Design specification and operating conditions for the SOFC system Ethanol steam reformer Operating temperature (K) 980 Operating pressure (atm) 1 Molar flow rate of ethanol (kmol h -1 ) 1 SOFC stack Area (m 2 ) 100 Operating temperature (K) 1,073 Operating pressure (atm) 1 Fuel utilization (%) 70 Air composition 21 % O2, 79 % N2 1468 Figure 2: Effect of temperature and steam-to- ethanol ratio on the product yields (a number on the line is the amount of gaseous products (mole/mole of ethanol feed)) 2.1 Ethanol steam reformer The ethanol steam reformer is a fuel processor for producing hydrogen-rich gas from ethanol by using steam as an agent.
    keywords: dehumidifier; ethanol; gas; hydrogen; reformer; reforming; sofc; steam; system
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        item: #7357 of 7527
          id: cet-5547
      author: sara
       title: Format And Type Fonts
        date: 2014-09-14
       words: 3048
      flesch: 52
     summary: S tr e a m FCp kW/°C T °C T °C H1 H2 H3 H4 98.19 -14.74 794.90 9.24 4,421.41 53.20 145.99 83.28 H5 H8 H7 H6 321.20 58.48 276.1 33.00 90.03 -39.21 8.18 171.10 H9 H10 H11 89.18 50.00 6.54 95.65 24.13 72.47 H12 15.55 49.29 C1 C2 C3 C4 13.78 85.50 271.91 80.90 1,171.93 170.10 723.88 106.70 C5 C6 C7 196.32 86.17 3,255.13 -38.59 13.77 22.78 C8 C9 C10 C11 7.05 5.00 147.80 21.67 81.82 26.67 172.61 44.85 -37.78 6.17 51.27 52.00 52.00 -40.00 -48.21 91.42 26.82 26.11 26.11 26.11 15.10 67.64 164.30 99.67 82.85 -39.59 -20.22 -50.00 -53.33 -42.33 21.67 HU3 CU1 HU2 HU4 Heating Utility Process-Process (Above Pinch) Cooling Utility 17,441 kW 2,038 kW 6,797 kW 5,089 kW Heat Exchanger Area m 2 E1 E2 E3 E22 HU3 CU1 HU1 HU22,484.8 59.6 9.3 301.2 782.7 2.2 195.1 599.1 Heat Exchanger Area m 2 E4 E5 E6 38.6 90.5 133.7 E7 E8 E9 257.2 310.4 54.1 E10 E11 E12 79.9 8.7 37.2 E13 E14 E15 65.3 38.2 94.4 E16 E17 E18 4.4 38.6 64.0 E19 232.8 E20 E21 1.0 12.0 E1 E1 1,568 kW E2 E2 652 kW E3 E3 151 kW E4 E4 420 kW E9 E9 592 kW E5 E5 E6 E6 1,988 kW E7 E7 2,418 kW E8 E8 5,953 kW 2,440 kW E10 E10 2,081 kW E15 E15 815 kW E11 E11 E12 E12 638 kW E13 E13 2,714 kW E14 E14 491 kW 304 kW E16 E16 160 kW Hot Pinch Temperature 72.54°C Process-Process (Below Pinch) 67.64°C Cold Pinch Temperature Heat Exchanger Area m 2 Heat Exchanger Area m 2 HU1 95 kW E21 E21 360 kW E17 E17 E18 E18 453 kW E19 E19 1,448 kW E20 E20 27 kW 1,576 kW E22 E22 810 kW HU4 280.5 Heat Exchanger Area m 2 Heat Exchanger Area m 2 Heat Exchanger Area m 2 Figure 4: Grid diagram of GSP2 case study from HEN synthesis step 1476 S tr e a m FCp kW/°C T °C T °C H1 H2 H3 H4 98.19 -14.74 794.90 9.24 4,421.41 53.20 145.99 83.28 H5 H8 H7 H6 321.20 58.48 276.1 33.00 90.03 -39.21 8.18 171.10 H9 H10 H11 89.18 50.00 6.54 95.65 24.13 72.47 H12 15.55 49.29 C1 C2 C3 C4 13.78 85.50 271.91 80.90 1,171.93 170.10 723.88 106.70 C5 C6 C7 196.32 86.17 3,255.13 -38.59 13.77 22.78 C8 C9 C10 C11 7.05 5.00 147.80 21.67 81.82 26.67 172.61 44.85 -37.78 6.17 51.27 52.00 52.00 -40.00 -48.21 91.42 26.82 26.11 26.11 26.11 15.10 67.64 164.30 99.67 82.85 -39.59 -20.22 -50.00 -53.33 -42.33 21.67 HU3 CU1 HU2 HU4 Heating Utility Process-Process Cooling Utility 17,350 kW 1,970 kW 6,797 kW 5,089 kW Heat Exchanger Area m 2 E1 E2 E3 E22 HU3 CU1 HU1 HU2 2,746.9 59.6 12.2 301.2 780.8 1.7 188.8 599.1 Heat Exchanger Area m 2 E4 E5 E6 48.4 90.5 130.2 E7 E8 E9 272.2 312.8 54.1 E10 E11 81.0 8.7 E13 E14 E15 66.7 38.4 94.4 E17 E18 40.3 97.6 E19 232.8 E20 E21 1.0 12.0 E1 E1 1,636 kW E2 E2 652 kW E3 E3 154 kW E4 E4 443 kW E9 E9 592 kW E5 E5 E6 E6 1,919 kW E7 E7 2,488 kW E8 E8 6,022 kW 2,440 kW E10 E10 2,081 kW E15 E15 815 kW E11 E11 E13 E13 2,805 kW E14 E14 422 kW 301 kW Heat Exchanger Area m 2 Heat Exchanger Area m 2 HU1 72 kW E21 E21 360 kW E17 E17 E18 E18 1,091 kW E19 E19 1,448 kW E20 E20 27 kW 1,645 kW E22 E22 810 kW HU4 280.5 Heat Exchanger Area m 2 Heat Exchanger Area m 2 Heat Exchanger Area m 2 Figure 5: Grid diagram of GSP2 case study from HEN improvement step References Anantharaman R., Jordal K., Berstad D., Gundersen T., 2013, The role of process synthesis in the systematic design of energy efficient fossil fuel power plants with co2 capture, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 35, 55-60. In this work, a strategy for HEN synthesis was presented and applied to the industrial case of gas separation plant no.2 (GSP2) in Thailand consisting of twelve hot and eleven cold process streams.
    keywords: area; exchanger; heat; hen; pinch; synthesis
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        item: #7358 of 7527
          id: cet-5548
      author: sara
       title: Format And Type Fonts
        date: 2014-09-14
       words: 2720
      flesch: 50
     summary: The technology implementation of absorption heat transformers (AHT) helps to mitigate CO2 emissions, because we can supply in whole or in part the energy required to perform a process, which otherwise would consume 100 % of non-renewable energy. Sekar S., Saravanan R., 2011, Experimental studies on absorption heat transformer coupled distillation system, Desalination, 274, 292-301.
    keywords: cop; energy; heat; solution; water
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        item: #7359 of 7527
          id: cet-5549
      author: sara
       title: Format And Type Fonts
        date: 2014-09-14
       words: 2101
      flesch: 42
     summary: In the case of turning off the heating or cooling circuit, the energy will be consumed solely for the operation of electrical appliances in the building (Figure 1) 1484 Figure 1: Schematic diagram of PV system, heat pump system and capillary mats In this chart, the red curve implied electric power need for heating and cooling during the year. The electricity meter records consumption of electric energy source as well as circulation pumps in the building.
    keywords: building; electricity; energy; heat; heating; pump; system
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        item: #7360 of 7527
          id: cet-555
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-555
        date: 2018-07-20
       words: 3811
      flesch: 42
     summary: For a maximum impact, an easy-to-use tool was developed to identify and evaluate the potential for increasing energy efficiency and the integration of solar thermal heat and/or heat pump systems in industry. For the combination of solar thermal heat and heat pump research activities can be found in the building sector.
    keywords: energy; heat; heat pump; industry; integration; process; pump; systems; temperature
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        item: #7361 of 7527
          id: cet-5550
      author: sara
       title: Format And Type Fonts
        date: 2014-09-16
       words: 3328
      flesch: 62
     summary: Gan (2010) simulated the ventilation and heat transfer in a Trombe wall and further correlated general expressions for the calculation of air flow and heat transfer rates (Gan, 2011). The simulations of air flow and heat transfer in vertical channel of BiPV-TW were conducted using the commercial CFD code, FLUENT version 6.3 (2006).
    keywords: air; channel; flow; trombe; wall; width
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        item: #7362 of 7527
          id: cet-5551
      author: sara
       title: Format And Type Fonts
        date: 2014-09-14
       words: 3448
      flesch: 50
     summary: If one or more low-carbon source or higher carbon source is available it is easier to use these sources in the CSD, being only necessary to add another interval with the respective value of carbon emission factor and recalculate the value of energy transferred in each interval. However, in environmental terms, scenario in Figure 2 is “cleaner” than scenario in Figure 3 because uses energy sources with lower carbon emission factor.
    keywords: analysis; carbon; co2; diagram; emission; energy; factor; planning; source
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        item: #7363 of 7527
          id: cet-5552
      author: sara
       title: Format And Type Fonts
        date: 2014-09-16
       words: 2664
      flesch: 50
     summary: Please cite this article as: Fong J.C.L.Y., Anderson C., Hooper B., Xiao G., Webley P.A., Hoadley A., 2014, Multi-objective optimisation of hybrid CO2 capture processes using exergy analysis, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 39, 1501-1506 DOI:10.3303/CET1439251 1501 Multi-Objective Optimisation of Hybrid CO2 Capture Processes Using Exergy Analysis Jean C. Li This work aims to optimise the integration of post-combustion hybrid carbon capture with exergy analysis and CO2 recovery rate as the two main performance indicators.
    keywords: capture; co2; exergy; loss; process; rate; recovery
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        item: #7364 of 7527
          id: cet-5553
      author: sara
       title: Format And Type Fonts
        date: 2014-09-14
       words: 3078
      flesch: 47
     summary: Authors determine energy balance by: energy consumption, which accounts for energy demand; energy generation, which comprises energy supply; legislation, which includes conditions stated by law; assumptions, database I, which potential amounts of RES; database II, which shapes technological solutions; database III, which merits the potential of innovative technologies; support mechanisms (economical), which affect required investments. Common targets in these strategies are; to decarbonise power sector firstly due to its GHG reduction potential; to give the role of the main energy source to biomass; to reduce energy consumption in buildings; to use RES together with smart energy storage, and; to implement cost effective solutions for energy efficiency and RES.
    keywords: consumption; demand; efficiency; energy; latvia; resources; scenario; use
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        item: #7365 of 7527
          id: cet-5554
      author: sara
       title: Format And Type Fonts
        date: 2014-09-14
       words: 4030
      flesch: 49
     summary: Natural gas trading is not as centralized or transparent as electrical energy trading discussed in the previous paragraph. A second spot market is known as the Continuous Intraday Market (CIM) and allows for energy trading with very close delivery dates, sometimes up to a few minutes.
    keywords: cost; energy; gas; heat; heating; market; price; process; pump; savings; trading
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        item: #7366 of 7527
          id: cet-5555
      author: sara
       title: Format And Type Fonts
        date: 2014-09-14
       words: 2653
      flesch: 47
     summary: 6. Conclusions Modelling and simulation of different extraction systems were made. Please cite this article as: Palacios-Bereche R., Ensinas A.V., Modesto M., Nebra S.A., 2014, Extraction process in the ethanol production from sugarcane – a comparison of milling and diffusion, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 39, 1519- 1524 DOI:10.3303/CET1439254 1519 Extraction Process in the Ethanol Production from Sugarcane – A Comparison of Milling and Diffusion Reynaldo Palacios-Bereche a , Adriano V. Ensinas a,b , Marcelo Modesto a , Silvia A. Nebra* a,c a Centre of Engineering, Modelling and Social Sciences, Federal University of ABC (CECS/UFABC), Rua Santa Adélia 166, Bangu, Santo André, SP, Brazil, CEP 09210170, b École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Switzerland, c Interdisciplinary Centre of Energy Planning, University of Campinas (NIPE/UNICAMP), Cidade Universitária “Zeferino Vaz”, Rua: Cora Coralina, 330, P.O.Box: 6166, CEP: 13083-896, Campinas, SP, Brazil silvia.nebra@pq.cnpq.br The objective of the extraction process in the ethanol production from sugarcane is to separate the sucrose-containing juice from the remainder of the cane, mainly fibre.
    keywords: cane; diffuser; ethanol; extraction; juice; process; production; system
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        item: #7367 of 7527
          id: cet-5556
      author: sara
       title: Format And Type Fonts
        date: 2014-09-14
       words: 3354
      flesch: 44
     summary: Less effective variations of the heating values at birch bark or outer birch bark addition (up to 13 %) are detected for woody biomass – grey alder pellets with a higher carbon and lignin content in raw biomass. In accordance with the variations of the elemental composition and heating values of the produced samples with birch bark or birch outer bark addition, a correlating increase of the heating values, heat power and total produced heat energy at thermo-chemical conversion of pelletized mixtures downstream the swirling flame flow with the high level of the correlation coefficient (up to 96 %) are observed.
    keywords: addition; bark; biomass; birch; birch bark; characteristics; combustion; energy; heat
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        item: #7368 of 7527
          id: cet-5557
      author: sara
       title: Format And Type Fonts
        date: 2014-09-14
       words: 3206
      flesch: 40
     summary: Electric field effect on the soot formation and greenhouse emissions, Magnetohydrodynamics, 40(2), 183-202. 1 2 3 4 7 6 5 8 1534 Figure 3: The electric field-induced variations of the swirling flame velocity profiles at the primary stage of swirling flame formation (L/D ≈ 0.6).
    keywords: biomass; combustion; dynamics; electric; field; flame; formation; pellets
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        item: #7369 of 7527
          id: cet-5558
      author: sara
       title: Format And Type Fonts
        date: 2014-09-14
       words: 2722
      flesch: 66
     summary: In this work, a cradle-to-gate life cycle optimisation (LCO) of sago value chain that involves plantation, harvesting and processing of sago starch as well as transportation of sago starch to customer is developed. In addition, fuzzy optimisation is adapted to minimise both total operating cost and workplace footprint of sago value chain.
    keywords: chain; dalat; mukah; sago; value
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        item: #7370 of 7527
          id: cet-5559
      author: sara
       title: Format And Type Fonts
        date: 2014-09-14
       words: 3556
      flesch: 58
     summary: This occurs probably because trees use mainly the products of photosynthesis for diameter growth, and only secondarily current reserves of carbohydrates, whereas for height growth trees use the reserves present and stored during the previous year (Kozlowski ,1963). We used a total of 3,000 trees, 500 trees for each treatment; spacing between trees was 3.0 x 2.5 m. The plots were separated by 15 m, and the trees of each plot (100 plants) were numbered for individual control of loss or gain by tree growth.
    keywords: ants; cutting; defoliation; diameter; eucalyptus; growth; height; leaf; trees
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        item: #7371 of 7527
          id: cet-556
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-556
        date: 2018-07-20
       words: 3637
      flesch: 51
     summary: DOI: 10.3303/CET1870126 Please cite this article as: Guo L., Ding Y., Li X., Zhu X., Liao Q., Yuan S., 2018, Simulation and optimization study on aqueous mea-based co2 capture process , Chemical Engineering Transactions, 70, 751-756 DOI:10.3303/CET1870126 751 Using flash evaporation and thermal vapor compression to reduce heat consumption of CO2 capture processes, Zhang et al. Li B.H., Zhang N., Smith R., 2016, Simulation and analysis of CO2 capture process with aqueous monoethanolamine solution, Applied Energy, 161, 707-717.
    keywords: capture; co2; consumption; energy; gas; heat; process; regeneration; solution; stripper; temperature
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        item: #7372 of 7527
          id: cet-5560
      author: sara
       title: Format And Type Fonts
        date: 2014-09-14
       words: 3297
      flesch: 46
     summary: Evaluation of large-scale effect from the point of liquid distribution The influence of uneven liquid distribution on the efficiency of absorption in the spreading zone is determined by three main reasons. aD = 20(1); 15(2); 10(3); 5(4), 15.1uk 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 1 2 3 4  hH s n 1552 Another principal result of the analysis of liquid distribution model is that there exists characteristic radius Ra for which the local intensity of liquid flow is equal to average value calculated for complete cross- section.
    keywords: apparatus; chemical; distribution; intensity; liquid; mass; packing; transfer
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        item: #7373 of 7527
          id: cet-5561
      author: sara
       title: Format And Type Fonts
        date: 2014-09-14
       words: 2973
      flesch: 57
     summary: Different parameters affecting the synthesis of binding material and the development of high compressive strength have been studied and optimized. Different types of fillers may also be used to improve the desired properties of geopolymers like compressive strength and porosity etc (Rovnanik, 2010).
    keywords: cement; clay; curing; figure; material; sand; strength
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        item: #7374 of 7527
          id: cet-5562
      author: sara
       title: Format And Type Fonts
        date: 2014-09-14
       words: 3420
      flesch: 53
     summary: Conceptual design In the conceptual design of the process, several process sections are defined: urea production, MC reactor, DMC reactor (Eqs(2), (3), (4), resp.) Figure 2: Conceptual design options and selection of DMC reactor section and separation train 1565 Urea reactor NH3 removal MC reactor NH3 removal DMC reactor NH3 removal MC + NMMC removal MeOH removal MIBK removal NH3 + CO2 purge Makeup NH3 + CO2 Water Makeup MeOH purge Makeup MIBK MIBK purge DMC MeOH purge Figure 3: Block diagram of the process be increased with a factor 5 due to better catalysts and that one of the products is selectively removed (i.e. membrane reactor, reactive distillation, etc.), so that the backward reaction cannot occur.
    keywords: co2; dmc; meoh; methanol; process; reactor; route; synthesis; urea
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        item: #7375 of 7527
          id: cet-5563
      author: sara
       title: Format And Type Fonts
        date: 2014-09-16
       words: 4583
      flesch: 47
     summary: Figure 1: Effects of COD loading rate on (a) COD removal and gas production rate, (b) gas composition and hydrogen production rate, (c) specific hydrogen production rates and (d) hydrogen yield of the hydrogen UASB unit 3.3 Volatile fatty acid (VFA) and VFA composition (based on feed COD and methane UASB volume) 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 C O D r e m o v a l (% ) 40 60 80 100 120 140 G a s p r o d u c ti o n r a te ( l/ d ) 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 Actual COD loading rate (kg/m 3 d) 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 a 0 5 10 15 20 25 G a s c o m p o si ti o n ( % ) 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 M e th a n e P r o d u c ti o n R a te ( l/ d ) 0 10 20 30 40 Actual COD loading rate (kg/m 3 d) 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 %H2 %CO2 %CH4 COD loading rate (kg/m 3 d) (based on feed COD and methane UASB volume) b COD loading rate (kg/m 3 d) (based on feed COD and methane UASB volume) 5 10 15 20 25 S M P R ( m l C H 4 /g M L V S S d ) 10 20 30 40 50 60 S M P R ( m l C H 4 /l d ) 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 Actual COD loading rate (kg/m 3 d) 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 c COD loading rate (kg/m 3 d) (based on feed COD and methane UASB volume) 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 M e th a n e y ie ld (m l C H 4 /g C O D r e m o v e d ) 20 40 60 80 100 120 M e th a n e y ie ld (m l C H 4 /g C O D a p p li e d ) 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 Actual COD loading rate (kg/m 3 d) 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 d Figure 2: Effects of COD loading rate on (a) COD removal and gas production rate, (b) gas composition and methane production rate, (c) specific methane production rates and (d) methane yield of the methane UASB unit 4. Conclusions Hydrogen and methane production from cassava wastewater under thermophilic (55 °C) two-stage upflow anaerobic sludge blanket reactor (UASB) process.
    keywords: cod; hydrogen; loading; methane; production; rate
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        item: #7376 of 7527
          id: cet-5564
      author: sara
       title: Format And Type Fonts
        date: 2014-09-14
       words: 3673
      flesch: 52
     summary: After evaluating possible approaches to bio-oil fractionation it was proved to be effective and technologically a viable procedure, using different solubility of bio-oil components in water. The objective of this study was to test the possibilities of bio-oil fractionating by phase separation induced by the addition of water to the bio-oil.
    keywords: bio; biomass; components; distillation; fraction; min; oil; phase; pyrolysis
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        item: #7377 of 7527
          id: cet-5565
      author: sara
       title: Format And Type Fonts
        date: 2014-09-14
       words: 3971
      flesch: 41
     summary: This paper is an attempt to discuss about the recent development in biodegradable solid waste management; with emphasis on the comparison between composting (conventional method) and vermicomposting (newer technology) of organic solid wastes. Solid waste management is a major challenge worldwide due to the rise in population and industrialization, leading to larger amount of solid wastes being generated.
    keywords: countries; disposal; earthworms; lim; management; process; vermicomposting; waste; waste management
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        item: #7378 of 7527
          id: cet-5567
      author: sara
       title: Format And Type Fonts
        date: 2014-09-16
       words: 3468
      flesch: 52
     summary: A continuous flow of low pressure gas is come from the produced water degassing vessel and the GRU. Obawole A.B., Onwuka O.C., Jan R.J., Martin M.J., McSorley K.P., 2001, Key design parameters for smokeless flaring of Low pressure gas, SPE/EPA/DOE Exploration and Production Environmental Conference, 26-28 February 2001, San Antonio, Texas, USA. Salooja K.C., 1974, Improved control of smoke, combustion efficiency and flame stability, J. Inst.
    keywords: air; drum; flare; flaring; gas; liquid; pressure; smoke; system
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        item: #7379 of 7527
          id: cet-5568
      author: sara
       title: Format And Type Fonts
        date: 2014-09-14
       words: 4025
      flesch: 42
     summary: Initially, the bacterial consortium was enriched by adding 1 g of soil sample to 250 mL of minimal salt medium [MSM was composed of 6.0 g/L (NH4)2SO4, 0.4 g/L MgSO4 x 7 H2O, 0.4 g/L CaCl2 x 2 H2O, 7.59 g/L Na2HPO4 x 2 H2O, 4.43 g/L KH2PO4, and 2 mL/L of trace element solution. The rhamnolipid, a glycolipid biosurfactant, used in this study was produced by Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain designated BP 9 isolated from petroleum contaminated soil.
    keywords: biodegradation; biosurfactant; h2o; phenanthrene; production; rhamnolipid; soil
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        item: #7380 of 7527
          id: cet-5569
      author: sara
       title: Format And Type Fonts
        date: 2014-09-14
       words: 4050
      flesch: 42
     summary: Possible improvements of coagulation-flocculation treatment of urban waters using natural coagulants and flocculants 3.1 Combination of natural and inorganic coagulants or flocculants Combining both natural and inorganic coagulants or flocculants in water treatment is also promising. The authors would like to thank Monash University Malaysia for providing C.Y. Teh with a PhD scholarship References Ahmed T., Kanwal R., Hassan H., Ayub N., Scholz M., McMinn W., 2010, Coagulation and disinfection in water treatment using Moringa, Proc.
    keywords: coagulants; et al; flocculants; treatment; turbidity; urban; use; wastewater; water
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        item: #7381 of 7527
          id: cet-557
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-557
        date: 2018-07-20
       words: 2892
      flesch: 33
     summary: The numerical investigation was performed with the use of open source CFD tools and methods, using the OpenFoam version 4.0 (2016) open source CFD software, while for the turbulence modelling the Shear Stress Transport (SST) low- 761 3. Conclusions At the present paper CFD computations were performed around a low pressure turbine blade (T106) with the use of open source CFD tools.
    keywords: blade; cfd; computations; flow; heat; open; source; turbine
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        item: #7382 of 7527
          id: cet-5570
      author: sara
       title: Format And Type Fonts
        date: 2014-09-14
       words: 2925
      flesch: 45
     summary: © 2014, AIDIC Servizi S.r.l., ISBN 978-88-95608-30-3; ISSN 2283-9216 DOI: 10.3303/CET1439269 Please cite this article as: Ubaldini S., Kadukova J., Mrazikova A., Fornari P., Luptakova A., Marcincakova R., Pizzichemi P., 2014, Application of innovative processes for the valorisation of spent alkaline batteries, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 39, 1609-1614 DOI:10.3303/CET1439269 1609 Application of Innovative Processes for the Valorisation of Spent Alkaline Batteries Stefano Ubaldini* a , Jana Kadukova b , Anna Mrazikova b , Pietro Fornari a , Alena Luptakova c , Renata Marcincakova b , Piersaverio Pizzichemi a a Institute of Environmental Geology and Geoengineering, CNR, Area della Ricerca di Roma RM 1 – Montelibretti, Via Salaria Km 29 300, P.O. BOX 10 - 00015 Monterotondo Stazione, Roma, Italy b Technical University in Kosice, Faculty of Metallurgy, Department of material science, Letná 9, 042 00 The present experimental work involves the application of innovative processes, such as the utilisation of the physical-chemical method (electrolysis) and biological-chemical (bioleaching) method for Mn–Zn recovery from spent alkaline batteries.
    keywords: alkaline; batteries; mno2; zinc
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        item: #7383 of 7527
          id: cet-5571
      author: sara
       title: Format And Type Fonts
        date: 2014-09-16
       words: 3215
      flesch: 60
     summary: Alasfour and Abdulrahim (2009) and Said and Mujtaba (2010) obtained similar pattern of OHTC due to their fixed value of NCGs concentration in every stage. Also, OHTC is affected in the first stage and second stage in the rejection section due to the increase of NCGs concentration in these stages.
    keywords: desalination; heat; msf; ncgs; stage; transfer; venting
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        item: #7384 of 7527
          id: cet-5572
      author: sara
       title: Format And Type Fonts
        date: 2014-09-14
       words: 3864
      flesch: 60
     summary: Assesment of the suitability of imidazolium ionic liquids as reaction medium for base-catalysed reactions Case of Knoevenagel and Claisen-Schmidt reactions. © 2014, AIDIC Servizi S.r.l., ISBN 978-88-95608-30-3; ISSN 2283-9216 DOI: 10.3303/CET1439271 Please cite this article as: Prado R., Erdocia X., Labidi J., 2014, Study of the influence of reutilization of ionic liquid for lignin extraction, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 39, 1621-1626 DOI:10.3303/CET1439271 1621 Study of the Influence of Reutilization of Ionic Liquid for Lignin Extraction Raquel Prado, Xabier Erdocia, Jalel Labidi* Chemical and Environmental Engineering Department, University of the Basque Country Plaza Europa, 1, 20018, Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain Jalel.labidi@ehu.es
    keywords: bmim[meso4; cycle; ionic; lignin; liquid; ppm
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        item: #7385 of 7527
          id: cet-5573
      author: Petar
       title: 1057_272
        date: 2014-09-16
       words: 3929
      flesch: 46
     summary: wavelenght, nm a) wavelenght, nm 400 600 800 1000 1200 F (R ), u .a . 0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 TiO2 P25 powder TiO2 Au powder TiO2 Au NTs max at 548 nm max at 538 nm b) 1630 Figure 2: Representative TEM image of a) Au/TiO2 powder (in the insert a TEM image with higher magnification) and b) nano-ordered Au/TiO2 film, prepared from Au@SB colloidal solution Then, the gold colloidal solutions having size-controlled Au NPs were deposited on TiO2 substrate. © 2014, AIDIC Servizi S.r.l., ISBN 978-88-95608-30-3; ISSN 2283-9216 DOI: 10.3303/CET1439272 Please cite this article as: Ampelli C., Genovese C., Lanzafame P., Perathoner S., Centi G., 2014, A sustainable production of H2 by water splitting and photo-reforming of organic wastes on Au/TiO2 nanotube arrays, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 39, 1627-1632 DOI:10.3303/CET1439272 1627 A Sustainable Production of H2 by Water Splitting and Photo-Reforming of Organic Wastes on Au/TiO2 Nanotube Arrays Claudio Ampelli*, Chiara Genovese, Paola Lanzafame, Siglinda Perathoner, Gabriele Centi Department of Electronic Engineering, Chemistry and Industrial Engineering, University of Messina Viale F. Stagno D’Alcontres 31 - 98166 Messina, Italy ampellic@unime.it We report here on the sustainable production of hydrogen by the use of nano-ordered TiO2 arrays doped with gold nanoparticles (Au NPs).
    keywords: ampelli; colloidal; nps; photo; solution; tio2
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        item: #7386 of 7527
          id: cet-5574
      author: sara
       title: Format And Type Fonts
        date: 2014-09-14
       words: 3861
      flesch: 54
     summary: Tar content in gasification gas was determined using CEN/TS 15439:2006 Standard. Higher gas yields were obtained using air and steam mixtures as gasification agent.
    keywords: air; gasification; rice; steam; wastes
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        item: #7387 of 7527
          id: cet-5575
      author: sara
       title: Format And Type Fonts
        date: 2014-09-14
       words: 3352
      flesch: 50
     summary: Higher reaction temperatures and times seemed to favour the hydrocarbon formation, being the highest content of methane (17.4 %) and other hydrocarbon (33.5 %) obtained when 430 ºC and 60 min were used. Higher reaction temperatures and times seemed to favour hydrocarbon formation.
    keywords: conditions; liquid; pyrolysis; reaction; rice; temperature; time
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        item: #7388 of 7527
          id: cet-5576
      author: sara
       title: Format And Type Fonts
        date: 2014-09-14
       words: 3162
      flesch: 40
     summary: As indicated earlier, data acquisition system consists of hardware and software parts. An overview of data acquisition system for cutting force measuring and optimization in milling.
    keywords: acquisition; data; energy; facilities; laundry; machines; measurement; process; system
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        item: #7389 of 7527
          id: cet-5577
      author: sara
       title: Format And Type Fonts
        date: 2014-09-14
       words: 3140
      flesch: 44
     summary: The model uses the differential equation of stationary heat conduction in a cylindrical coordinate system with a radially distributed heat source:   21 ( ) ( ) 0 T r T T E r r r r               , (1) with boundary equations:     0 4 4 Si 0, ( ) ,                r g B wcon T r T T T T T T on r R r k (2) where r – radial coordinate, mm; λ – silicon thermal conductivity, W/(m·K); σ – silicon specific conductivity, S/m; E – electric field, V/m; R – rod radius, m; Tg – gas temperature, K; kcon – convection coefficient, W/(K·m 2 ); σB – Stephan-Boltzmann constant, W/(K 4 ·m 2 ); εSi – silicon emissivity; Tw – reactor’s wall temperature, K. Maxwell equation leads to the Helmholtz equation since the problem is symmetric, thus the differential equation related to the electric field E(r)=J(r)/ σ(T) for a current of sinusoidal form may be obtained: 1 ( , ) 0 E r k T E r r r            (3) with boundary conditions: 0 0 r E r     , (4) ( ) ( ) ,  rod tot S © 2014, AIDIC Servizi S.r.l., ISBN 978-88-95608-30-3; ISSN 2283-9216 DOI: 10.3303/CET1439276 Please cite this article as: Kozin K.A., Goryunov A.G., Manenti F., 2014, Siemens-reactor’s high-frequency power supply, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 39, 1651-1656 DOI:10.3303/CET1439276 1651 Siemens-Reactor’s High-Frequency Power Supply Kirill A. Kozin* a , Alexey G. Goryunov a , Flavio Manenti b a Tomsk Polytechnic University, Dept. of Electronics and Automation of Nuclear Plants, 30 Lenina St, Tomsk, 634050, Russia b Politecnico di Milano, Dept. di Chimica, Materiali e Ingegneria Chimica „Giulio Natta“, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy kozin@tpu.ru A detailed mathematical model is developed to calculate the radial temperature profile in silicon rods by heating currents of different forms.
    keywords: current; frequency; power; r r; rod; temperature
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        item: #7390 of 7527
          id: cet-5578
      author: sara
       title: Format And Type Fonts
        date: 2014-09-14
       words: 3256
      flesch: 48
     summary: Two-stage process results gas oil products of lower density, and as the diesel fuels are sold on volume basis at the petrol stations it increases the profit, too. Advantageous process parameters to produce gas oil of quality meeting the requirement of the standard
    keywords: content; gas; lhsv; oil; process; stage; temperature
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        item: #7391 of 7527
          id: cet-5579
      author: sara
       title: Format And Type Fonts
        date: 2014-09-14
       words: 2547
      flesch: 51
     summary: 2. Experimental 2.1 Materials The three oil samples (oil A, oil B and oil C) used for this study are bottom-hole samples collected from three different oilfields using open-hole Modular Formation Dynamics Testing (MDT™) described elsewhere (Jamaluddin et al., 2002). The recorded transmitted light power as a function of pressure for oil A, oil B and oil C is shown schematically in Figure 2, Figure 3 and Figure 4 respectively.
    keywords: asphaltene; deposition; light; oil; precipitation; pressure; psi
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        item: #7392 of 7527
          id: cet-558
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-558
        date: 2018-07-20
       words: 3604
      flesch: 44
     summary: The following assumptions were considered for simulations: i) steady state analysis; ii) complete separation process (ammonia does not liquefy completely in the separator at any pressure); iii) kinetics of reactions do not depend on mass flow rate; iv) inlet solar thermal power is fixed to 100 MW during 8h/ d; v) in the charging phase, a 1/3 of the stream flows are sent directly to the power production side whereas the rest is sent to storage; vi) The rest of solar heat provided up to 100 MWt is used to carry out the reaction.
    keywords: ammonia; energy; heat; power; reaction; reactor; temperature
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        item: #7393 of 7527
          id: cet-5580
      author: sara
       title: Format And Type Fonts
        date: 2014-09-14
       words: 3563
      flesch: 54
     summary: © 2014, AIDIC Servizi S.r.l., ISBN 978-88-95608-30-3; ISSN 2283-9216 DOI: 10.3303/CET1439279 Please cite this article as: Estiati I., Altzibar H., Olazar M., 2014, Particle cycle times in draft tube conical spouted beds, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 39, 1669-1674 DOI:10.3303/CET1439279 1669 Particle Cycle Times in Draft Tube Conical Spouted Beds Idoia Estiati*, Haritz Altzibar, Martin Olazar Department of Chemical Engineering, University of the Basque Country, P.O. Box 644, 48080 Bilbao, Spain. Particle cycle times (average, maximum, and minimum) have been measured in draft tube conical spouted beds for different geometric factors of the contactor (angle and gas inlet diameter), draft tubes (diameter, height of the entrainment zone, and width of the faces) and under different operating conditions.
    keywords: bed; beds; cycle; draft; draft tube; particle; time; tube
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        item: #7394 of 7527
          id: cet-5581
      author: sara
       title: Format And Type Fonts
        date: 2014-09-14
       words: 3611
      flesch: 43
     summary: While flow rate data rectification is routinely carried out using rigorous linear models of mass balances, energy balances, necessary for the reconciliation of temperature values, introduce two main difficulties. Typically equations 2 k=1,..., n include enthalpy balances containing inaccurate thermal parameters.
    keywords: balances; data; equations; flow; http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/s0967066111001250; interval; mass; reconciliation
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        item: #7395 of 7527
          id: cet-5582
      author: sara
       title: Format And Type Fonts
        date: 2014-09-14
       words: 2789
      flesch: 52
     summary: The intensity of rubber mixing process largely determines the basic quality indicators of finished rubber (Barkanui et al., 2011). Rubber mixing process is extremely complex in its mechanism.
    keywords: diffusion; mixing; model; process; rubber; time
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        item: #7396 of 7527
          id: cet-5583
      author: sara
       title: Format And Type Fonts
        date: 2014-10-19
       words: 2891
      flesch: 52
     summary: Figure 2: Concept of the multi-chromosome representation based GA for production site scheduling. The firs one is the so- called “slide” which moves the last gene (location, product) from each chromosome (route, production site) to the beginning of another one.
    keywords: algorithm; energy; mtsp; problem; production; products; scheduling
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        item: #7397 of 7527
          id: cet-5584
      author: sara
       title: Format And Type Fonts
        date: 2014-09-15
       words: 2216
      flesch: 41
     summary: On the other hand, well-qualified and experienced online instructors can learn the more specialized instructional design and implementation skills that are necessary to create quality online learning materials based on their existing teaching experience and curricular expertise. Project development Most online designers and teachers have been trained in traditional instructional design systems.
    keywords: chemistry; face; figure; learning; teaching; technology
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        item: #7398 of 7527
          id: cet-5585
      author: sara
       title: Format And Type Fonts
        date: 2014-09-16
       words: 3487
      flesch: 53
     summary: In this work, the pathlines was approximate to the trajectory of food particles. The vertical dashed lines represent the transition between two units The results of CFD simulations for food particles are displayed in Figure 3.
    keywords: fluid; food; heat; holding; particle; pasteurization; temperature; time; unit
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        item: #7399 of 7527
          id: cet-5586
      author: sara
       title: Format And Type Fonts
        date: 2014-09-14
       words: 2247
      flesch: 42
     summary: It was noticed that there are changes between the profiles and those of the steady-state simulation shown in Table 3. 1710 Table 5: Aspen HYSYS reactive distillation column optimization composition profiles Aspen HYSYS can be used to represent and simulate the process successfully. © 2014, AIDIC Servizi S.r.l., ISBN 978-88-95608-30-3; ISSN 2283-9216 DOI: 10.3303/CET1439285 Please cite this article as: Karacan S., Karacan F., 2014, Simulation of reactive distillation column for biodiesel production at optimum conditions, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 39, 1705-1710 DOI:10.3303/CET1439285 1705 Simulation of Reactive Distillation Column for Biodiesel Production at Optimum Conditions Süleyman Karacan *a , Filiz Karacan b a Ankara University, Engineering Faculty, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tandoğan 06100, Ankara, Turkey.
    keywords: biodiesel; column; distillation; hysys; methanol; section; table
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        item: #7400 of 7527
          id: cet-5587
      author: sara
       title: Format And Type Fonts
        date: 2014-09-16
       words: 3657
      flesch: 49
     summary: Sluiter A., Hames B., Ruiz R., Scarlata C., Sluiter J., Templeton D., 2008, Determination of sugars, byproducts, and degradation products in liquid fraction process samples. Therefore, according to the obtained results, it could be stated that UF process allowed the efficient concentration of the liquid fraction besides the fractionation of liquid fractions for lignin separation.
    keywords: cost; fraction; kda; lignin; liquid; membrane; pressure; process; samples; simulation
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        item: #7401 of 7527
          id: cet-5588
      author: sara
       title: Format And Type Fonts
        date: 2014-09-16
       words: 2632
      flesch: 58
     summary: Conversion of solid fuel to gas fuel, liquid fuel or chemical products by adopting gasification technology is a better way to achieve the replacement of oil and natural gas by solid fuel. There are three major sections which are gas turbine (GT), heat recovery steam generator (HRSG) and steam turbine (ST).
    keywords: efficiency; gas; ngcc; plant; power; sng; study; taiwan; tarn; turbine
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        item: #7402 of 7527
          id: cet-5589
      author: sara
       title: Format And Type Fonts
        date: 2014-09-16
       words: 3777
      flesch: 39
     summary: Figure 2: Effect of COD loading rate on (a) gas composition and hydrogen production rate, (b) gas composition and methane production rate, (c) specific hydrogen production rate, and (d) specific methane production rate 1726 COD loading rate (kg/m3 d) (based on feed COD and hydrogen ASBR volume) 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 O r g a n ic a c id a n d a lc o h o l c o n c e n tr a ti o n ( m g /l ) 0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000 12000 14000 T o ta l V F A c o n c e n tr a ti o n (m g /l a s a c e ti c a c id ) 0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000 12000 14000 16000 18000 Actual COD loading rate (kg/m3 d) 80 100 120 140 160 180 200 220 HBu HVa HAc HPr 1,3 PD EtOH a COD loading rate (kg/m3d) (based on feed COD and methane ASBR volume) 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 O r g a n ic a c id a n d a lc o h o l c o n c e n tr a ti o n ( m g /l ) 0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 T o ta l V F A c o n c e n tr a ti o n (m g /l a s a c e ti c a c id ) 0 500 1000 1500 2000 Actual COD loading rate (kg/m 3 d) 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 HAc HPr HBu HVa 1,3 PD EtOH b 3.2 Volatile fatty acid (VFA) and 1,3-propanediol (1,3-PD) results Figure 3a shows the effect of COD loading rate on total VFA concentration and its composition in the hydrogen ASBR unit. The maximum hydrogen production rate (1.33 L/d) as shown in Figure 2a and SHPR (88.91 mL H2/g MLVSS d or 332.54 mL H2/L d) as shown in Figure 2c were found at COD loading rate of 67.50 kg/m 3 d.
    keywords: cod; hydrogen; loading; methane; rate
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        item: #7403 of 7527
          id: cet-559
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-559
        date: 2018-07-20
       words: 3622
      flesch: 46
     summary: For purposes of this study, operating parameters were chosen (Table 1) which are considered as typical and representative of agricultural BGP. Storage and transportation of the digestate represents significant financial burden for BGP owners, especially in areas with intensive agricultural production.
    keywords: bgp; costs; digestate; electricity; eur; evaporation; technology
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        item: #7404 of 7527
          id: cet-5590
      author: sara
       title: Format And Type Fonts
        date: 2014-09-15
       words: 3041
      flesch: 56
     summary: Computational fluid dynamics modeling of bread baking process. Please cite this article as: Papasidero D., Manenti F., Corbetta M., Rossi F., 2014, Relating bread baking process operating conditions to the product quality: a modelling approach, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 39, 1729-1734 DOI:10.3303/CET1439289 1729
    keywords: baking; bread; conditions; figure; food; model; oven; process
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        item: #7405 of 7527
          id: cet-5591
      author: sara
       title: Format And Type Fonts
        date: 2014-09-15
       words: 2473
      flesch: 43
     summary: Liquid fuel injection in blast furnaces. Nevertheless previous investigations of liquid jet breakups in high speed flows cover mostly coaxial pressure driven injections (Faeth et.
    keywords: blast; figure; flow; fluid; injection; liquid; model; speed; spray
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        item: #7406 of 7527
          id: cet-5592
      author: sara
       title: Format And Type Fonts
        date: 2014-09-15
       words: 3230
      flesch: 43
     summary: Please cite this article as: Albarelli J.Q., Onorati S., Caliandro P., Peduzzi E., Maréchal F., Ensinas A.V., 2014, Thermo- economic optimisation of integrated ethanol and methanol production in the sugarcane industry, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 39, 1741-1746 Methanol production: the conversion process from lignocellulosic biomass to methanol consists basically of five steps: biomass pre-treatment, gasification, syngas cleaning, methanol synthesis and upgrading.
    keywords: bagasse; biomass; efficiency; energy; methanol; process; production; sugarcane; synthesis; system
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        item: #7407 of 7527
          id: cet-5593
      author: sara
       title: Format And Type Fonts
        date: 2014-09-15
       words: 2673
      flesch: 49
     summary: However, most research focused on total site heat integration with considering only indirect heat integration or direct heat integration, no methodology simultaneously considered both direct and indirect heat integration. The concept of total site heat integration, first introduced by Dhole and Linnhoff (1993), describes heat integration of multiple plants with a central utility system.
    keywords: exchange; figure; heat; integration; site
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        item: #7408 of 7527
          id: cet-5594
      author: sara
       title: Format And Type Fonts
        date: 2014-09-15
       words: 2682
      flesch: 44
     summary: Intercropping have also shown positive environmental effects and more contribution to sustainable energy crop production through year-around soil cover and increased yield stability. 1.1 Methodology Material and energy flows resulting from crop cultivation, use of different arable farming approaches and biogas production systems within research test areas has been determined.
    keywords: biogas; crop; energy; footprint; intercrop; production; spi; system
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        item: #7409 of 7527
          id: cet-5595
      author: sara
       title: Format And Type Fonts
        date: 2014-09-16
       words: 2827
      flesch: 56
     summary: Yu R., Yuan X., Zhao Y., Hu G., Tu X., 2008, Heavy metal pollution in intertidal sediments from Quanzhou Bay, Journal of Environmental Sciences, 20 (6), 664–669. Spatial variations of heavy metals contamination in sediments from Odiel River (Southwest Spain).
    keywords: contamination; creek; metals; pollution; risk; sediment; smolnik; water
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        item: #7410 of 7527
          id: cet-5596
      author: sara
       title: Format And Type Fonts
        date: 2014-09-15
       words: 2441
      flesch: 48
     summary: Please cite this article as: Deckmyn C., Vandoorn T.L., Moradzadeh M., Vandevelde L., 2014, Dynamic optimisation for environomic power dispatch in microgrids , Chemical Engineering Transactions, 39, 1765-1770 DOI:10.3303/CET1439295 1765 Dynamic Optimisation for Environomic Power Dispatch in Microgrids Christof Deckmyn*, Tine L. Vandoorn, Mohammad Moradzadeh, Lieven Vandevelde Electrical Energy Laboratory (EELAB), Department of Electrical Energy, Systems and Automation (EESA), Ghent University, Sint-Pietersnieuwstraat 41, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium Christof.Deckmyn@UGent.be As a result of the increasing number of distributed energy resources (DER) in the electrical grid and their commitment to future market participation, control strategies for the optimal operation of DER gain importance. Environomic power dispatch The environomic power dispatch problem involves the minimisation of two competing multi-component objective functions, fuel cost and CO2-emission, subject to a set of constraints.
    keywords: demand; dispatch; energy; microgrid; power; storage; utility
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        item: #7411 of 7527
          id: cet-5597
      author: sara
       title: Format And Type Fonts
        date: 2014-09-15
       words: 3508
      flesch: 48
     summary: High solvent flow rate determines the use of extraction columns with higher diameter and additional pumping costs. 1775 Figure 3: Hybrid reactive extraction column with infinite number of stages assimilated to a decanter; a) hybrid reactive extraction column; b) non-reactive section of the extraction column; c) simplified scheme proposed The variation of the vegetable oil composition in the fatty acid distribution will not affect much the minimum mass flow rate of solvent (Figure 5 and 6).
    keywords: biodiesel; column; extraction; flow; methanol; minimum; rate; solvent
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        item: #7412 of 7527
          id: cet-5598
      author: sara
       title: Format And Type Fonts
        date: 2014-09-15
       words: 2847
      flesch: 41
     summary: In order to address it, scientific research is focusing on the technologies aiming at the separation (Di Natale et al., 2009) or destruction (Capocelli et al., 2012) of problematic compounds. Usually the simulations, with different levels of approximation, are aimed at the prediction of cavitation intensity in terms of pressure, temperature and radical species concentration (Capocelli et al., 2012) but are unable to predict the removal efficiency of a definite compound (Capocelli et al., 2013a).
    keywords: ann; capocelli; compounds; degradation; parameters; process; ultrasound
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        item: #7413 of 7527
          id: cet-5599
      author: sara
       title: Format And Type Fonts
        date: 2014-09-15
       words: 2572
      flesch: 45
     summary: The research study presents the preliminary results of an experimental campaign with the aim of optimizing the process of hybrid HC oxidation and individuating its feasibility in removing emerging pollutants. Figure 3b reports the results of Fenton treatment at two initial concentration: at higher Fe loading, a fast conversion of pNP is noticed.
    keywords: cavitation; chemical; fenton; gogate; mpa; oxidation; treatment
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        item: #7414 of 7527
          id: cet-56
      author: TW
       title: cet-56
        date: 2017-10-04
       words: 3497
      flesch: 46
     summary: In addition, disaster waste management should be conducted at low cost, with the goal of having enough funding to re-establish and reconstruct an affected area and to support disaster victims by saving on disaster waste management costs. 2. Methods 2.1 Concept of a disaster waste management system Figure 1 shows the flow of disaster waste management.
    keywords: case; cost; data; disaster; environmental; management; storage; waste
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        item: #7415 of 7527
          id: cet-560
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-560
        date: 2018-07-20
       words: 3453
      flesch: 55
     summary: The paper concludes with the formulation of further research goals, aimed at the establishment of an integrated method for optimal planning of retrofit investments in energy systems. 4. Conclusions This contribution has presented a conceptual analysis and a case study on asset management for evaluating HEN retrofit options.
    keywords: cost; equipment; exchanger; heat; investment; loan; option; retrofit
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        item: #7416 of 7527
          id: cet-5600
      author: sara
       title: Format And Type Fonts
        date: 2014-09-15
       words: 3186
      flesch: 46
     summary: Ventilation intensity n = 0.5 1/h was calculated mathematically on the basis of measured decrease in CO2 concentration. It was very important to provide ideal conditions during the measurement for mathematic definition of process of CO2 concentration from measured data.
    keywords: co2; co2 concentration; concentration; intensity; room; ventilation
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        item: #7417 of 7527
          id: cet-5601
      author: sara
       title: Format And Type Fonts
        date: 2014-09-15
       words: 2846
      flesch: 37
     summary: Finally, having identified the ratio of sugarcane that goes to second generation ethanol plant as key dependent variables, the results of a sensitivity analysis are presented. This is frequently reported in literature as a good strategy to increase energy efficiency of ethanol plants (Dias et al., 2011).
    keywords: energy; ethanol; gasification; generation; integration; plant; process
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        item: #7418 of 7527
          id: cet-5602
      author: sara
       title: Format And Type Fonts
        date: 2014-09-15
       words: 2755
      flesch: 46
     summary: The 1802 results revealed that R507 can be used successfully as a replacement refrigerant in existing window air- conditioners originally designed to use R22 refrigerant. The evaporator cooling load of R22 refrigerant is higher than the other three refrigerants over the conditions studied.
    keywords: compressor; evaporator; load; r134a; r152a; refrigerants; temperature
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        item: #7419 of 7527
          id: cet-5603
      author: sara
       title: Format And Type Fonts
        date: 2014-09-15
       words: 3156
      flesch: 47
     summary: This paper reports preliminary results of an ongoing study on cadmium adsorption rate on a conventional non-impregnated granular activated carbon, aimed at exploiting and estimating the rate controlling mechanisms. Experiments revealed that cadmium adsorption is controlled by external mass transfer only if the activated carbon is loaded below a critical value qcr, which for the investigated conditions corresponds to 0.21 mg/g. For higher loading, the adsorption rate is controlled by an internal mechanisms well described by the Elovich model.
    keywords: adsorption; bed; cadmium; carbon; mass; model; rate; transfer
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        item: #7420 of 7527
          id: cet-5604
      author: sara
       title: Format And Type Fonts
        date: 2014-09-15
       words: 3289
      flesch: 44
     summary: 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15S a v in g s in e n e rg y c o st , M € /y Number of heat exchangers' modifications Plant A Plant B Total Site - indirect sequential Total Site - direct simultaneous 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 S a v in g s in e n e rg y c o n su m p ti o n , M W Number of heat exchangers' modifications Plant A Plant B Total Site - indirect sequential Total Site - direct simultaneous 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 P ro d u c ti o n o f in te rm e d ia te u ti li ti e s, M W Number of heat exchangers' modifications Plant A Plant B
    keywords: energy; framework; hot; modifications; plant
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        item: #7421 of 7527
          id: cet-5605
      author: sara
       title: Format And Type Fonts
        date: 2014-09-15
       words: 2978
      flesch: 40
     summary: Data Acquisition MP Code Optimisation Output Pinch Analysis 1822 3.3 HI and TSHI Under Varying Operational Conditions HI and TSHI are further performed under for varying operational conditions only those two units are taken Figure 3: GCCs showing target designs for units 1 – 4 Figure 4: TS Profiles and Site Utility CCs without and with district heating into consideration for HI and TSHI under varying conditions. There are significant energy savings opportunities when comparing to the real energy requirements and are for units 1 and 2 which are further analysed for varying operational conditions: - Unit 1: hot utility savings of about 11.1 %, cold utility savings of 100 %; - Unit 2: hot utility savings of 0 %, cold utility savings of 0 %, only utility generation could be corrected.
    keywords: acquisition; conditions; data; efenis; energy; process; site; tshi; unit; utility
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        item: #7422 of 7527
          id: cet-5606
      author: Sauro
       title: Microsoft Word - 82Lambri.doc
        date: 2014-05-21
       words: 3240
      flesch: 39
     summary: In particular, oxygen mass transfer can conveniently take place through the free vortex surface which forms when agitation speed is relatively large, yet still insufficient to inject bubbles in the liquid, so subsequent bubble bursting and related cell damage is suitably avoided. In unbaffled vessels, at low agitation speeds, the required oxygen mass transfer may well take place through the free surface deep vortex which takes place when agitation is started (Scargiali et al. 2012a).
    keywords: agitation; liquid; oxygen; power; scargiali; transfer; unbaffled
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        item: #7423 of 7527
          id: cet-5607
      author: Sauro
       title: Microsoft Word - 82Lambri.doc
        date: 2014-05-21
       words: 3572
      flesch: 47
     summary: Thus to effectively utilize available papaya pulp, DOI: 10.3303/CET1438002 Please cite this article as: Lambri M., Roda A., Dordoni R., Fumi M.D., De Faveri D.M., 2014, Mild process for dehydrated food-grade crude papain powder from papaya fresh pulp: lab-scale and pilot plant experiments, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 38, 7-12 DOI: 10.3303/CET1438002 7 processing requires mild approach that enables retention of papaya natural properties. To the aim at producing dehydrated crude papain from fresh papaya pulp, this study planned lab-scale trials, followed by process development toward the pilot industrial-scale.
    keywords: enzyme; food; papain; papaya; powder; pulp; scale
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        item: #7424 of 7527
          id: cet-5608
      author: Sauro
       title: Microsoft Word - 82Lambri.doc
        date: 2014-05-21
       words: 3079
      flesch: 47
     summary: The calculated shear stress has been implemented in the estimation of disinfection efficacy for different cavitation reactors and micro-organisms (zooplankton, phytoplankton and bacteria). However, due to the generation of shear stresses, hot spots, highly reactive free radicals and turbulence associated with liquid circulation, cavitation process has been proven also to be a valid solution in the field of biochemical engineering.
    keywords: bubble; cavitation; energy; pandit; results
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        item: #7425 of 7527
          id: cet-5609
      author: Sauro
       title: Microsoft Word - 82Lambri.doc
        date: 2014-05-21
       words: 3425
      flesch: 53
     summary: In addition to that, transmembrane pressures (TMPs) were also evaluated under continuous lactulose syntheses. Vreactor = 90 mL, [E] = 300 U, [sugars] = 500 g/L, phosphate buffer pH 6.8, 40 °C, stirred at 200 rpm Figure 5: Profiles of flux and TMP evolutions during continuous lactulose syntheses at different tHRT values.
    keywords: batch; lactulose; membrane; process; thrt; time; yield
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        item: #7426 of 7527
          id: cet-561
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-561
        date: 2018-07-20
       words: 3415
      flesch: 41
     summary: A similar approach can be applied to the analysis of system dynamics models. To realise this idea, a Python program was developed to extract networks from system dynamics models (Insight Maker XML files and Vensim SDM-Doc HTML extracts (Martinez-Moyano, 2012)).
    keywords: development; documents; dynamics; models; network; sustainability; system; variables
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        item: #7427 of 7527
          id: cet-5610
      author: Sauro
       title: Microsoft Word - 82Lambri.doc
        date: 2014-05-21
       words: 3651
      flesch: 44
     summary: Furthermore, increased concentration of SCFAs in the mixed liquor enhanced the via nitrite phosphorus removal. The increase of sCOD in the reactor resulted in an increase of the via nitrite phosphorus removal confirming that the concentration of SCFAs in the mixed liquor is important and affects the phosphorus uptake rate (Table 3b).
    keywords: acid; carbon; nitrite; phosphorus; removal; spur; vfw
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        item: #7428 of 7527
          id: cet-5611
      author: Sauro
       title: Microsoft Word - 82Lambri.doc
        date: 2014-05-21
       words: 3287
      flesch: 50
     summary: 3.2 Effect of solution pH Earlier studies on heavy metal adsorption have showed that the initial pH of the solution is a critical parameter for adsorption experiments (Park et al., 2004; Azouaou et al., 2013). Water contaminated by heavy metal ions had become much more serious with a rapid development of industries and competitive use of fresh water in many parts of world.
    keywords: adsorption; agar; beads; concentration; eps; ions; lead; metal; solution
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        item: #7429 of 7527
          id: cet-5612
      author: Sauro
       title: Microsoft Word - 82Lambri.doc
        date: 2014-05-21
       words: 3988
      flesch: 48
     summary: Integrated fungal biomass and activated sludge treatment for textile wastewaters bioremediation. Anastasi A., Spina F., Prigione V., Tigini V., Giansanti P., Varese G.C., 2010, Scale-up of a bioprocess for textile wastewater treatment using Bjerkandera adusta, Bioresour.
    keywords: cod; decolourisation; fungal; phase; reactor; sludge; textile; treatment; wastewaters
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        item: #7430 of 7527
          id: cet-5613
      author: Sauro
       title: Microsoft Word - 82Lambri.doc
        date: 2014-05-21
       words: 3479
      flesch: 35
     summary: Another important aspect to discuss is related to the apparent discrepancy between the carbon release test and the microcosm results; in details, carbon release test shown that pine bark and olive pomace were the substrates capable to release the higher amount of organic carbon available, on the contrary the highest denitrification efficiency was achieved by the lowest releasers of carbon, cork and sawdust. A wide range of materials are capable to release organic carbon by means of leaching process (e.g. cotton (Della Rocca et al., 2006), newspapers (Volokita et al., 1996), wood and his derived materials, as sawdust, softwood, coniferous and mulch (inter alia Schipper et al., 2005; Greenan et al., 2006; Robertson et al., 2008; Gibert et al., 2008).
    keywords: batch; carbon; denitrification; nitrates; pine; process; release; substrates; test
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        item: #7431 of 7527
          id: cet-5614
      author: Sauro
       title: Microsoft Word - 82Lambri.doc
        date: 2014-05-21
       words: 2858
      flesch: 45
     summary: Different anaerobic digestion operations have been investigated so far, ranging from the co-digestion of waste activated sludge with organic wastes (Cavinato et al., 2010) to the dry digestion of fruit and vegetable wastes (Babaee and Shayegan, 2011) and the fermentation of winery wastes (Colussi et al., 2012), just to mention a few examples. Typically, for domestic sewage and agricultural manure feedstocks, the solid-liquid mixture in the digesters is modelled as a non-Newtonian liquid phase (Craig et al., 2013), while the two-phase nature of the mixtures should be accounted for in the case of agricultural and forest scraps, whose physical characteristics might give rise to significant sedimentation and flotation behavior.
    keywords: field; figure; flow; fluid; impeller; liquid; velocity; vessel
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        item: #7432 of 7527
          id: cet-5615
      author: Sauro
       title: Microsoft Word - 82Lambri.doc
        date: 2014-05-21
       words: 3343
      flesch: 46
     summary: This experimental apparatus (Model System) allowed the monitoring of biofilms growth that develops from make-up water entering cooling tower and to test the effectiveness of several additives that are usually used in real systems, in order to control the development of biofouling. 1.3 Monitoring of Biofouling in cooling water system Effective management of cooling water involves the control of biofilm growth through the application of a correct dosage of biocides and the periodic surface cleaning.
    keywords: additives; biofilm; biofouling; cells; days; flow; formation; growth; system; water
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        item: #7433 of 7527
          id: cet-5616
      author: Sauro
       title: Microsoft Word - 82Lambri.doc
        date: 2014-05-21
       words: 3129
      flesch: 46
     summary: For the tail gas treatment, it could burn in utility systems to generate steam and power and realize whole system power and energy self-sufficiency. However, the tail gas recovery scenario pays for the cost of burning extra fuel in utility systems and more CO2 emission to the environment.
    keywords: biomass; cost; fuel; gas; operating; power; process; production; steam; system; tail; utility
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        item: #7434 of 7527
          id: cet-5617
      author: Sauro
       title: Microsoft Word - 82Lambri.doc
        date: 2014-05-21
       words: 3257
      flesch: 48
     summary: SAFT EOS considers molecules as chains composed of freely jointed spherical segments and the basic idea underlying the model is the definition of an interaction potential to represent attraction and repulsion forces between segments. The second approach was based on estimation of the PC-SAFT parameters for triglycerides by regression of experimental phase equilibrium data according to the ‘Maximum Likelihood’ criterium: ( ) 
    keywords: chain; eos; equilibrium; liquid; parameters; phase; saft
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        item: #7435 of 7527
          id: cet-5618
      author: sauro
       title: Microsoft Word - 154Kafarov.doc
        date: 2014-06-04
       words: 3108
      flesch: 47
     summary: In petroleum refining case, fuel gas is generally a blend of natural and multiple gas streams, which are generated in the refining process. High Heating Value (HHV) and the relative density of the fuel blend were used to calculate the Wobbe index for fuel gas.
    keywords: 0,01; biomass; case; combustion; efficiency; fuel; gas; problems; process; wobbe
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        item: #7436 of 7527
          id: cet-5619
      author: Sauro
       title: Microsoft Word - 82Lambri.doc
        date: 2014-05-21
       words: 2736
      flesch: 39
     summary: Chapter 5 Non transparent media are frequently obtained as the byproduct of processing in the agro-food and in ancillary domains, and they are frequently assayed for their suitability as growth media for various microbial biomasses, including microalgae. in order to cancel out unknown constants in the Monod form of specific growth rate (μmax e KI) the calculated average specific growth rate was normalised by dividing it by the value of the average specific growth rate calculated for the culture developed on the synthetic medium.
    keywords: dilution; growth; light; medium; rate
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        item: #7437 of 7527
          id: cet-562
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-562
        date: 2018-07-20
       words: 3609
      flesch: 52
     summary: If the load drops slightly within 20 minutes as in the example partial-load-scenario and the load then drops to zero, the heat as well as the cold storage should be able to buffer this production break as long as possible: Difference of heat demand and heat supply at zero load: 40 kW – 58 kW = - 18 kW Difference of cooling demand and cooling supply at zero load: 25 kW – 35 kW = - 10 kW Moreover, this study addresses the fact that manufacturing machines in modern, energy efficient production DOI: 10.3303/CET1870132 Please cite this article as: Seevers J.-P., Schlosser F., Peesel R.H., Hesselbach J., 2018, Dimensioning of heat pump systems based on pinch analysis and energy monitoring data , Chemical Engineering Transactions, 70, 787-792 DOI:10.3303/CET1870132 787 lines with central standby control (Goy, 2016) can pose a highly volatile energy demand over time depending on the material throughput (Abele et al., 2015).
    keywords: cleaning; cooling; demand; energy; heat; machine; pinch; production; system
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        item: #7438 of 7527
          id: cet-5620
      author: Sauro
       title: Microsoft Word - 82Lambri.doc
        date: 2014-05-21
       words: 2357
      flesch: 45
     summary: A series of treatments was adopted to eliminate solids and biological contaminants, DOI: 10.3303/CET1438015 Please cite this article as: Cicci A., Bravi M., 2014, Production of the freshwater microalgae scenedesmus dimorphus and arthrospira platensis by using cattle digestate, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 38, 85-90 DOI: 10.3303/CET1438015 85 and two set of experiments were carried out: cultures insufflated with only air and cultures insuflated with air 5% CO2 at different dilution ratios of synthetic medium and treated digestate. 3. Results and discussion The potential use of cattle digestate as medium for microalgal cultivation (Scenedesmus dimorphus 1237 and Arthrospira platensis) was investigated; two sets of growth tests were carried out by using mixtures of cattle digestate with tap water (first set) and digestate with synthetic medium (second set).
    keywords: air; cattle; digestate; growth; medium; platensis; water
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        item: #7439 of 7527
          id: cet-5621
      author: Sauro
       title: Microsoft Word - 82Lambri.doc
        date: 2014-05-21
       words: 3282
      flesch: 48
     summary: The most of dye degradation experiments were carried out using solid agar media and in shaken or static flask cultures. Sima J., Pocedic J., Roubickova T., Hasal P., 2012, Rotating drum biological contactor and its application for textile dyes decolorization, Procedia Engineering 42, 1579-1586.
    keywords: batch; decolorization; degradation; drum; dye; experiments; liquid; rate
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        item: #7440 of 7527
          id: cet-5622
      author: Sauro
       title: Microsoft Word - 82Lambri.doc
        date: 2014-05-21
       words: 2714
      flesch: 56
     summary: In view of this, the adsorption process arises as an alternative treatment to metal ion removal. The use of some biological materials as adsorbents like aquatic plants has shown high affinity by metal ions.
    keywords: adsorption; biomass; biosorption; metal; process; removal
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        item: #7441 of 7527
          id: cet-5623
      author: Sauro
       title: Microsoft Word - 82Lambri.doc
        date: 2014-05-21
       words: 3091
      flesch: 43
     summary: 773.11981.0)log( +×−= tMW (1) Figure 2 shows sericin molecular weight distribution in solution extracted by degumming process in autoclave. The sericin molecular weight ranges from 10 to 400 kDa and the structure and molecular weight depend on the method which is extracted and purified.
    keywords: distribution; kda; molecular; precipitation; sericin; solutions; weight
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        item: #7442 of 7527
          id: cet-5624
      author: Sauro
       title: Microsoft Word - 82Lambri.doc
        date: 2014-05-21
       words: 3069
      flesch: 49
     summary: The amount of adsorbed metal is calculated considering the curve area (1−C/C0) versus t. The integral of metal adsorption curves was determined through the Origin version 6.0 software. Macrophyte Salvinia Cucullata Manuella L. Cantuaria Ambrósio F. Almeida Neto, Melissa G. A. Vieira* School of Chemical Engineering, University of Campinas, UNICAMP, 13083-852, Campinas-SP, Brazil melissagav@feq.unicamp.br Silver removal from aqueous solutions by macrophyte Salvinia cucullata was investigated in static and dynamic system.
    keywords: adsorption; concentration; cucullata; macrophyte; metal; removal; salvinia; silver
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        item: #7443 of 7527
          id: cet-5625
      author: Sauro
       title: Microsoft Word - 82Lambri.doc
        date: 2014-05-21
       words: 2468
      flesch: 45
     summary: As reported by Dogaris (2013) several reports and reviews have been published on production of ethanol fermentation by microorganisms, and several bacteria, yeasts, and fungi have been reportedly used for the production of ethanol. Hendriks A.T.W.M., Zeeman G., 2009, Pretreatments to enhance the digestibility of lignocellulosic biomass, Bioresource Technology 100, 10–18 Dogaris I., Mamma D., Kekos D., 2013, Biotechnological production of ethanol from renewable resources by Neurospora crassa: an alternative to conventional yeast fermentations?, Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 97,1457–1473. Lin Y., Tanaka S., 2006, Ethanol fermentation from biomass resources: current state and prospects, Appl Microbiol Biotechnol, 69, 627–642.
    keywords: ethanol; figure; glucose; production; stipitis; xylose
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        item: #7444 of 7527
          id: cet-5626
      author: Sauro
       title: Microsoft Word - 82Lambri.doc
        date: 2014-05-21
       words: 3090
      flesch: 50
     summary: The Langmuir isotherm provided the best fit for dye adsorption onto the prepared activated carbon and the maximum adsorption capacity was found to be 30.21 mg.g-1. The rate of dye removal is higher in the beginning due to a larger surface area of the sawdust being available for dye adsorption.
    keywords: adsorbent; adsorption; blue; carbon; concentration; dye; effect; initial; removal
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        item: #7445 of 7527
          id: cet-5627
      author: Sauro
       title: Microsoft Word - 82Lambri.doc
        date: 2014-05-21
       words: 2509
      flesch: 48
     summary: Launder B.E., Spalding D.B., 1973, The numerical computation of turbulent flows, Computers Methods in Applied Mechanics and Engineering 3, 269-289. Maurina G.Z., Rosa L.M., Beal L.L., Baldasso C., Pederiva L., Torres A.P., 2013, Optimization of a hydrogen production bioreactor using computational fluid dynamic (CFD) techniques, Proceedings of the 13th World Congress on Anaerobic Digestion, Santiago de Compostela, Spain, 25-28 June. Liquid velocity fields obtained in all cases can be seen in Figure 2.
    keywords: case; figure; flow; inlet; liquid; pipes; reactor; velocity
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        item: #7446 of 7527
          id: cet-5628
      author: Sauro
       title: Microsoft Word - 82Lambri.doc
        date: 2014-05-21
       words: 2941
      flesch: 48
     summary: 3. Results and Discussion Average values were calculated, using simulated results between 200 and 300 s of flow. The highest value is observed for the case without baffles (Case A), which was attributed to the energy dissipated by excessive shear stress in flows without a preferred path.
    keywords: baffles; bioreactor; energy; figure; flow; kinetic; reactor
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        item: #7447 of 7527
          id: cet-5629
      author: Sauro
       title: Microsoft Word - 82Lambri.doc
        date: 2014-05-21
       words: 3178
      flesch: 46
     summary: Bruschke H., 1995, Industrial application of membrane separation processes, Pure Appl. Likewise, a decrease of the separation factor (5.67 to 5.11) was observed as a function of the increase of ethanol mole fraction in the feed (Figure 2.d).
    keywords: component; ethanol; feed; fraction; membrane; permeate; pervaporation; separation; water
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        item: #7448 of 7527
          id: cet-563
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-563
        date: 2018-07-20
       words: 3475
      flesch: 52
     summary: Liquids produced by biomass pyrolysis have some unfavourable characteristics, namely: high contents of solids, ash, oxygen-containing compounds and water and chemical instability. Co-pyrolysis of pre-treated eucalyptus solids blended with polyethylene (PE) wastes was studied, with the aim of solving the problems related to the undesirable properties of bio-oils produced from biomass pyrolysis.
    keywords: biomass; pyrolysis; reaction; temperature; time; wastes
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        item: #7449 of 7527
          id: cet-5630
      author: Sauro
       title: Microsoft Word - 82Lambri.doc
        date: 2014-05-21
       words: 3345
      flesch: 56
     summary: Another important aspect while evaluating the multiplicity of particle collisions is a specific time interval, during which one collision terminates. Secondly, it is interesting to obtain estimates for the orders of coagulation kernels, depending on the orders of interacting clusters in the formation of aggregates as a result of multiple collisions (Barabasi et al., 1991; Bellomo, 1985; Di Perma and Lions, 1988, Pen’kov, 1992).
    keywords: aggregation; clusters; coagulation; collisions; equation; kernels; model; particle; time
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        item: #7450 of 7527
          id: cet-5631
      author: Sauro
       title: Microsoft Word - 82Lambri.doc
        date: 2014-05-21
       words: 3244
      flesch: 58
     summary: In order to facilitate the design of adsorption column with untreated coffee grounds as the fixed-bed material, prediction of breakthrough curve for effluent is desirable. Han R.P., Zou L.N., Zhao X., Xu Y.F., Xu F., Li Y.L., Wang Y., 2009, Characterization and properties of iron oxide-coated zeolite as adsorbent for removal of copper(II) from solution in fixed bed column, Chem.
    keywords: adsorption; bed; coffee; column; flow; grounds; min; model; rate
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        item: #7451 of 7527
          id: cet-5632
      author: Sauro
       title: Microsoft Word - 82Lambri.doc
        date: 2014-05-21
       words: 2776
      flesch: 49
     summary: Consecutive reaction kinetics involving a layered Structure of the granule in UASB reactors. It is noteworthy that the UASB rotational molded plug flow, has a removal efficiency of organic load very good, comparable to the IC when operated with HRT of 2.66 hours plus the cost of implementing the system is much smaller than the UASB IC, as well as maintenance because the IC any maintenance in sludge digestion column is the highest, rather risky from the point of safety, and in the case of plug flow UASB this height can be reduced to 6 meters, in addition to the gain removal of ammonia.
    keywords: effluent; flow; reactor; sludge; steel; uasb
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        item: #7452 of 7527
          id: cet-5633
      author: Sauro
       title: Microsoft Word - 82Lambri.doc
        date: 2014-05-21
       words: 3670
      flesch: 38
     summary: The thermophilic G. thermantarcticus strain M1 (M1) was tested on cardoon medium that afforded higher cell production than CM and DM supplemented with glucose as sole carbon source (figure 4). Figure 1: strain FP1 dry cell weight on CM, on DM with sugars, on tomato, fennel and carrot waste media.
    keywords: biomass; growth; media; production; strain; wastes
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        item: #7453 of 7527
          id: cet-5634
      author: Sauro
       title: Microsoft Word - 82Lambri.doc
        date: 2014-05-21
       words: 3054
      flesch: 50
     summary: Dried samples containing oleaginous biomass were subject to lipids extraction. 1 and 2 demonstrates that the yeasts 172 grown in the presence of AD hydrolysate reach a slightly lower concentration of oleaginous biomass, though the biomass content in lipids is higher.
    keywords: addition; batch; biomass; concentration; growth; lipid; yeasts
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        item: #7454 of 7527
          id: cet-5635
      author: Sauro
       title: Microsoft Word - 82Lambri.doc
        date: 2014-05-21
       words: 4058
      flesch: 43
     summary: Most biodiesels from animal fat are mainly comprised of C16:0 and C18’s FAME, but sardine oil biodiesel presents a lower percentage of C16:0, a very low percentage of C18:0 and C18:2 and a significant amount of C17:0, C20:0 and others. Lebedevas S., Vaicekauskas A., Lebedeva G., Makareviciene V., Janulis P., Kazancev K., 2006, Use of waste fats of animal and vegetable origin for the production of biodiesel fuel: Quality, motor properties, and emissions of harmful components, Energy Fuels, 20, 2274-2280.
    keywords: animal; biodiesel; energy; fats; fish; fuel; mata; oil; standard; value
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        item: #7455 of 7527
          id: cet-5636
      author: Sauro
       title: Microsoft Word - 82Lambri.doc
        date: 2014-05-21
       words: 4678
      flesch: 52
     summary: While these results are promising in the light of the microalgae technology, to the best of our knowledge, no comprehensive simulation models, which account simultaneously for all the phenomena taking place during lipid accumulation in microalgae when varying iron concentration, have been so far proposed in the literature. Consequently, the goal of the present work is to develop a mathematical model to quantitatively describe the growth of microalgae and their lipid accumulation as a function of iron concentration in solution.
    keywords: concentration; growth; iron; lipid; m-3; microalgae; model; rate
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        item: #7456 of 7527
          id: cet-5637
      author: Sauro
       title: Microsoft Word - 82Lambri.doc
        date: 2014-05-21
       words: 3851
      flesch: 46
     summary: PHA yield was positively influenced in the range 1.5-2.5% w/v and no further increase was observed with higher concentrations, at least until the concentrations of nitrogen were below 20 mM. Such results are in accordance with the general knowledge that PHA production is strictly related to an excess of carbon source (high C:N ratio). In fact, the nitrogen contribute of the extracts was conveyed towards biomass production, as by experimental proofs.
    keywords: biomass; bss; carbon; glycerol; meat; nitrogen; pha; process; production; yeast
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        item: #7457 of 7527
          id: cet-5638
      author: Sauro
       title: Microsoft Word - 82Lambri.doc
        date: 2014-05-21
       words: 3129
      flesch: 40
     summary: Table 2: Fermentations of C. acetobutylicum adopting binary sugar mixtures as carbon source. Main obstacles for process commercialization are the pre-treatment steps and the fermentation of sugars mixtures produced during the pre-treatments.
    keywords: acetobutylicum; arabinose; butanol; concentration; fermentation; glucose; sugars; tests; xylose
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        item: #7458 of 7527
          id: cet-5639
      author: Sauro
       title: Microsoft Word - 82Lambri.doc
        date: 2014-05-21
       words: 3638
      flesch: 42
     summary: Hydrogen production was attained by cultivating microalgae previously grown in mixotrophic regime with sulphur deprived medium. The influence of varying the photobioreactor headspace on hydrogen production was investigated.
    keywords: acetate; concentration; culture; hydrogen; nitrate; production; sulphur; volume
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        item: #7459 of 7527
          id: cet-564
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-564
        date: 2018-07-20
       words: 3135
      flesch: 54
     summary: Water was directed inside pillow plate channels. For the detailed investigation of pressure loss and wall shear stress in the outer channel between pillow plates, CFD simulations were carried out for the considered geometry.
    keywords: air; channel; heat; pillow; plate; pressure; scale; transfer
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        item: #7460 of 7527
          id: cet-5640
      author: Sauro
       title: Microsoft Word - 82Lambri.doc
        date: 2014-05-21
       words: 3106
      flesch: 58
     summary: In Figure 3, we show the results obtained on sample C, fermented starting from a pH 7.0. Figure 3: Evolution of bio-methane concentration during the fermentation process obtained with sample C, at initial pH 7.0 and 37 °C, for only mechanical pre-treatments F and without thermal pre-treatment.
    keywords: ch4; pre; process; production; sample
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        item: #7461 of 7527
          id: cet-5641
      author: Sauro
       title: Microsoft Word - 82Lambri.doc
        date: 2014-05-21
       words: 4062
      flesch: 44
     summary: The influence of different light intensities was investigated using both continuous illumination and alternation of light and dark cycles with different frequencies, which mimic illumination variations in a photobioreactor due to mixing. In this work, the influence of different light intensities, provided both continuously and at high-frequency pulsation, on S. obliquus growth and biochemical composition was assessed.
    keywords: biomass; concentration; energy; growth; light; m-2; obliquus; productivity; s-1; µmol
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        item: #7462 of 7527
          id: cet-5643
      author: Sauro
       title: Microsoft Word - 82Lambri.doc
        date: 2014-05-21
       words: 3159
      flesch: 47
     summary: 2.6 Analyses, enzyme activity and reuse of immobilized catalase The immobilization of catalase on textile carrier materials was analyzed qualitatively using FT-IR- spectroscopy (FTS-45, Biorad) with an ATR-unit (Silver Gate) and UV-Vis-spectroscopy (Cary 5E). The activity of immobilized catalase was determined by the time depending degradation of hydrogen peroxide.
    keywords: carrier; catalase; cross; enzyme; immobilization; opwis; pet; textile
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        item: #7463 of 7527
          id: cet-5644
      author: Sauro
       title: Microsoft Word - 82Lambri.doc
        date: 2014-05-21
       words: 3788
      flesch: 62
     summary: (2010) have been used an aired convective dryer to dry the amylases from maize malt, After the execution of the experiments an optimal condition to obtain the high enzymatic activity has been found at 54°C for 5-6 h of drying process. 2. Material and Methods 2.1. Drying process methodology Infrared dryer with air circulation was utilized in maize malt drying process.
    keywords: barley; beer; drying; et al; maize; malt; process; production
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        item: #7464 of 7527
          id: cet-5645
      author: Sauro
       title: Microsoft Word - 82Lambri.doc
        date: 2014-05-21
       words: 3853
      flesch: 45
     summary: With both treatments 100% microorganisms reduction was reached in static assessment, while in dynamic conditions better results were obtained by chitosan treated gauze, reaching 100% S.Aureus and K. Pneumoniae reduction with 4 s and 8 s contact time respectively. For this reason chitosan treated gauze was compared with the same gauze after a cationization process by 3-chloro-2- hydroxypropyl-trimethylammonium chloride.
    keywords: activity; chitosan; contact; cotton; filter; gauze; reduction; samples; substrate; water
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        item: #7465 of 7527
          id: cet-5646
      author: Sauro
       title: Microsoft Word - 82Lambri.doc
        date: 2014-05-21
       words: 3357
      flesch: 50
     summary: Supercritical carbon dioxide (SC-CO2) phase separation process has several advantages with respect to traditional scaffold formation processes (foaming, electrospinning, phase separation, etc); for this reason, in this work we tested this method to produce PMMA scaffolds loaded with two different pharmaceutical compounds: Cefuroxime and Diclofenac sodium, respectively, an antibiotic and an anti-inflammatory drug. Since SC-CO2 phase separation process has several advantages with respect to traditional phase separation processes, in this work we tested this method to produce PMMA scaffolds loaded with two different drugs: Diclofenac sodium (DS) and Cefuroxime, respectively, an anti-inflammatory and an antibiotic.
    keywords: co2; drug; phase; pmma; polymer; release; scaffolds; solvent
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        item: #7466 of 7527
          id: cet-5647
      author: Sauro
       title: Microsoft Word - 82Lambri.doc
        date: 2014-05-21
       words: 2538
      flesch: 51
     summary: The enzymes of class I have high collagenase activity and a modest activity against peptides FALGPA and PZ, while the enzymes of class II have a modest activity against collagen and a high activity of the peptides FALGPA and PZ (Matsushita 1994). The ratio between collagenase class I and class II influences the efficient islet release from the rat pancreas.
    keywords: activity; cells; class; col; collagen; tissue
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        item: #7467 of 7527
          id: cet-5648
      author: Sauro
       title: Microsoft Word - 82Lambri.doc
        date: 2014-05-21
       words: 2986
      flesch: 41
     summary: In general, aromatic isocyanates are more reactive than aliphatic ones, and this choice will change the final properties of the polyurethanes (Cherng et al., 2013). For example, if R is an aromatic group, the negative charge shifts in the R direction, so aromatic isocyanates are more reactive than aliphatic or cycloaliphatic.
    keywords: diisocyanate; et al; groups; isocyanates; polyurethane; reaction; synthesis
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        item: #7468 of 7527
          id: cet-5649
      author: Sauro
       title: Microsoft Word - 82Lambri.doc
        date: 2014-05-21
       words: 3704
      flesch: 38
     summary: For the hydrolyses carried out using different combinations of A. oryzae P6B2 enzymes (EE and WM) and a low dosage of commercial enzymes, it is interesting to note that higher conversion yields were achieved when the whole medium was present. Enzymatic activity (IU/gds) A. oryzae P6B2 A. oryzae P27C3A Endoglucanase 115.8 ± 5.3 113.4 ± 0.7 β-glucosidase 2.7 ±0.10 2.0 ± 0.2 FPase 0.13 ± 0.01 0.25 ± 0.07
    keywords: a. oryzae; enzymatic; enzymes; fermentation; hydrolysis; oryzae; p6b2; sesb
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        item: #7469 of 7527
          id: cet-565
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-565
        date: 2018-07-20
       words: 3610
      flesch: 50
     summary: The grid size of gas flow calculation was chosen to 0.001 m, 0.0008 m, 0.0006 m and 0.0004 m respectively, while time step was calculated according to Courant-Friedrichs-Lewy condition (Courant et al., 1928). The interaction between gas flow and the solid particle was handled by Immersed Boundary Method with direct forcing scheme.
    keywords: boundary; flow; fluid; gas; method; particle; phase; simulation; time
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        item: #7470 of 7527
          id: cet-5650
      author: Sauro
       title: Microsoft Word - 82Lambri.doc
        date: 2014-05-21
       words: 3329
      flesch: 47
     summary: In this work, for the first time, EC scaffolds were obtained by SC-CO2 phase separation. EC scaffolds were examined by cryofracturing them with a microtome (Bio-optica S.p.A, Italy, Mod.
    keywords: co2; phase; polymer; scaffolds; separation; size; solvent
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        item: #7471 of 7527
          id: cet-5651
      author: Sauro
       title: Microsoft Word - 82Lambri.doc
        date: 2014-05-21
       words: 3859
      flesch: 47
     summary: Pf – ethanol concentration in tf (g/L) P0 – ethanol concentration at the beginning of fermentation (g/L) 3. Regarding ethanol production from this type of biomass, the search for processes able to efficiently perform the dissociation of the lignin-cellulose-hemicellulose complex and enable the attainment of high yields in fermentable sugars in hydrolyzed liquor and, most importantly, without generating elements that inhibit the fermentation process, is one of the great challenges for producing 2nd generation ethanol that is DOI:
    keywords: biomass; concentration; ethanol; fermentation; hydrolysis; liquor; production
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        item: #7472 of 7527
          id: cet-5652
      author: Sauro
       title: Microsoft Word - 82Lambri.doc
        date: 2014-05-21
       words: 2308
      flesch: 43
     summary: Results and discussion The experimental design used has three factors, i.e., it is a 23 factorial design totaling 11 trials, three of them central point replicates, displaying enzymatic activity values for cultivation times of 6 h, 12 h, 24 h, 30 h, 36 h, 48 h, 54 h, 60 h and 72 h. Yeast extract concentration of 2 g / L leads to higher activity values, and when grown in higher values, the bacterium showed lower enzymatic activity, which could be related to some kind of enzyme production inhibition.
    keywords: activity; concentration; extract; production; yeast
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        item: #7473 of 7527
          id: cet-5653
      author: Sauro
       title: Microsoft Word - 82Lambri.doc
        date: 2014-05-21
       words: 3245
      flesch: 55
     summary: The results indicate that it is possible to minimize the concentrations of peptone from 20 to 5 g/L, CaCl2.2H2O from 0.05 to 0.01 g L and Citric acid from 10.7 to 2 g/L. L) Gl ucose (g/L) (Q) 1Lby3L (1)Glucose (g/L) (L) (3)Benzal dehyde (g/L) (L) Figure 3 Pareto chart showing the effect of dependent variables on L-PAC production.
    keywords: benzaldehyde; concentration; glucose; medium; pac; production
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        item: #7474 of 7527
          id: cet-5654
      author: Sauro
       title: Microsoft Word - 82Lambri.doc
        date: 2014-05-21
       words: 3540
      flesch: 54
     summary: Tcr Spaink et al., 1987 pKnock-Kmr Mobilizable suicide vector, Kmr Alexeyev, 1999 pGEM-T Cloning vector; Ampr Promega pMPPhaC1 phaC1 promoter cloned in pMP220 This study pMPPhaZ phaZ promoter cloned in pMP220 This study pMPPhaC2 phaC2 promoter cloned in pMP220 This study pMPPhaI phaI promoter cloned in pMP220 This study pKMPhaD pKnock containing an internal fragment of phaD gene This study 290 scribed by Alexeyev (1999), thus generating P. mediterranea VVD. Bella P., Licciardello G., Lombardo A., Pitman A., Arnold D.L, Solaiman D.K.Y, Catara V. 2007, Cloning and sequencing of Pseudomonas mediterranea PHA locus.
    keywords: 5447; cfbp; genes; glycerol; mediterranea; pha; phad; phaz; promoter; pseudomonas
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        item: #7475 of 7527
          id: cet-5655
      author: Sauro
       title: Microsoft Word - 82Lambri.doc
        date: 2014-05-21
       words: 2197
      flesch: 47
     summary: For zymography analyses the different fraction were mixed in an electrophoresis buffer devoid of reducing agents (2β- mercaptoethanol or the like); the samples also were not subjected to boiling in order to avoid the loss of enzyme activity. After 5 hs enzyme reaction was stopped by the addition of 0.5 ml of 50 % trichloroacetic acid.
    keywords: digestion; enzymes; food; fraction; gliadin; hepatopancreas; page; sds; wheat
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        item: #7476 of 7527
          id: cet-5656
      author: Sauro
       title: Microsoft Word - 82Lambri.doc
        date: 2014-05-21
       words: 3347
      flesch: 49
     summary: Lipase activity was determined by titration of the free fatty acids released by enzyme action, 302 according to Freire (1996).One lipase unit was defined as the enzyme amount that causes the release of 1 µmole of fatty acids per minute, under the assay conditions. On the other side, taking in advance the fact that Brazil generates, annually, thousands of tons of agricultural and agro industrial residues, the bioconversion of these residues for lipase production, as well as other value added products, would point out Brazil a prominent position in the future biotechnology developments.
    keywords: activity; cake; cottonseed; fermentation; lipase; lipolytica; production; sludge; soybean; ssf
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        item: #7477 of 7527
          id: cet-5657
      author: Sauro
       title: Microsoft Word - 82Lambri.doc
        date: 2014-05-21
       words: 3103
      flesch: 46
     summary: Glucose was added at 169, 217, 264 and 304 hours of cultive in order to restore the glucose concentration to 30 g L-1 3.2 Semi-continuous culture Concentration of biomass (X), glucose uptake (S) and extracellular polysaccharide concentration (EPS) in semi-continuous culture with 50 and 75 % medium replacement are presented in Figures 2A, 2B and 3, respectively. Furlan et al. (2008), using the same microorganism strain in batch culture reached a maximum extracellular polysaccharide production and productivity of 1.3 g L-1 and 7.5 mg L-1 h-1, respectively, after 175 h cultivation.
    keywords: batch; concentration; culture; glucose; l-1; medium; replacement
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        item: #7478 of 7527
          id: cet-5658
      author: Sauro
       title: Microsoft Word - 82Lambri.doc
        date: 2014-05-21
       words: 2896
      flesch: 52
     summary: High biomass concentrations are desirable for reducing costs and energy use on cell harvesting. Although biomass concentration decreased, the global productivity increased significantly.
    keywords: batch; biomass; cell; fed; l-1; lipid; microalgae
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        item: #7479 of 7527
          id: cet-5659
      author: Sauro
       title: Microsoft Word - 82Lambri.doc
        date: 2014-05-21
       words: 3244
      flesch: 46
     summary: 2.2 Ethyl In SituTransesterification Acid catalysed in situ transesterification reaction (H2SO4) was carried out in a 100 mL stainless steel water jacketed vessel with a mechanical Shaker Q-251 D brand IKA Labortechnik (Germany). The in situ transesterification reaction from oleaginous microorganisms needs to be investigated on the type of microorganism used and the cell membrane.
    keywords: analysis; biodiesel; esters; oil; reaction; samples; situ; transesterification
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        item: #7480 of 7527
          id: cet-566
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-566
        date: 2018-07-20
       words: 3762
      flesch: 46
     summary: Although this concept was initially devised to the assessment of energy systems, the concept has been adapted to quantify ratios of food energy output relative to industrial energy inputs. Second, the energy return on investment (EROI) is estimated to describe the energy efficiency of food categories under study.
    keywords: assessment; categories; cycle; data; efficiency; energy; food; life; production; waste
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        item: #7481 of 7527
          id: cet-5660
      author: Sauro
       title: Microsoft Word - 82Lambri.doc
        date: 2014-05-21
       words: 3156
      flesch: 43
     summary: In heterotrophic cultivation organic carbon sources are used, such as sugars or organic acids, as a source of carbon and energy eliminating the requirement for light, and in the literature was reported that various algal species can grow in the dark, assimilating a wide variety of organic carbon sources (Malcata, 2011; Mata et al. 2010). 2.2 Carbon source The medium was supplemented with different carbon sources, in order to grow C. vulgaris and S. bijugus respectively: glucose (10 and 5 g.L-1), sodium acetate (10 and 5 g.L-1), hydrolyzed sucrose (20 and 12 g.L- 1), hydrolyzed sugarcane molasses (30 and 15 g.L-1), fructose (2 and 5 g.L-1) and cassava wastewater supplemented with BBM medium salts.
    keywords: carbon; cultivation; g.l-1; glucose; growth; heterotrophic; microalgae; molasses; sources
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        item: #7482 of 7527
          id: cet-5661
      author: Sauro
       title: Microsoft Word - 82Lambri.doc
        date: 2014-05-21
       words: 2881
      flesch: 53
     summary: In this study, lactide was synthesized and Poly lactic acid produced. It is produced from lactic acid, a naturally occurring organic acid that can be produced by fermentation.
    keywords: acid; engineering; lactide; pla; polymerization; reaction
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        item: #7483 of 7527
          id: cet-5662
      author: Sauro
       title: Microsoft Word - 82Lambri.doc
        date: 2014-05-21
       words: 3136
      flesch: 46
     summary: Although the reconversion of butyrate has been assessed for both carbon sources, this process is more marked in glucose fermentation than in xylose fermentation (Fig. The higher (absolute) values of rPTBBK calculated for glucose fermentation under solventogenic phase with respect to those calculated for xylose fermentation would suggest that a high butyril-CoA production is expected for glucose fermentation.
    keywords: acetobutylicum; acetone; butanol; butyrate; fermentation; formation; glucose; pathway; production; xylose
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        item: #7484 of 7527
          id: cet-5663
      author: Sauro
       title: Microsoft Word - 82Lambri.doc
        date: 2014-05-21
       words: 3026
      flesch: 46
     summary: Res., 50(10), 6205–6212 Qureshi N., Blaschek H., 2000, Evaluation of recent advances in butanol fermentation, upstream, and downstream processing, Bioprocess Biosystems Eng., 24(4), 219–226 Raganati F., Curth S., Götz P., Olivieri G., Marzocchella A., 2012, Butanol production from lignocellulosic- based hexoses and pentoses by fermentation of Clostridium acetobutylicum, Chem. 38, 2014 A publication of The Italian Association of Chemical Engineering www.aidic.it/cet Guest Editors: Enrico Bardone, Marco Bravi, Taj Keshavarz Copyright © 2014, AIDIC Servizi S.r.l., ISBN 978-88-95608-29-7; ISSN 2283-9216 Process Simulation of Biobutanol Production from Lignocellulosic Feedstocks Alessandra Procentesea, Teresa Guidaa, Francesca Raganatia, Giuseppe Olivieri b , Piero Salatino a , Antonio Marzocchella a* a Dipartimento di Ingegneria Chimica, dei Materiali e della Produzione Industriale - Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, P.le V. Tecchio 80, 80125 Napoli – Italy b Bioprocess Engineering– Wageningen University, PO Box 8129, 6700EV, Wageningen – The Netherlands antonio.marzocchella@unina.it A potential flowsheet to produce butanol production by conversion of a lignocellulosic biomass has been simulated by means of the software Aspen Plus®.
    keywords: biomass; butanol; et al; fermentation; hydrolysis; lignocellulosic; process; production; stream
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        item: #7485 of 7527
          id: cet-5664
      author: Sauro
       title: Microsoft Word - 82Lambri.doc
        date: 2014-05-21
       words: 2945
      flesch: 51
     summary: Figure 1: SEM images of green coffee (DGC), spent coffee grounds (SCG) and coffee silverskin (CS) Figure 2: XRD patterns of green coffee (DGC), spent coffee grounds (SCG) and coffee silverskin (CS) (2 20 ) (2 11 ) (4 00 ) (3 11 ) (5 11 ) (4 22 ) (5 33 ) ( 44 0) DGC CS SCG 40 µm 40 µm 40 µm DGC SCG CS 351 Table 1: Average crystallite size (D) and surface area (S) of magnetite nanoparticles determined from XRD data Material D (nm) S (m2 g–1) DGC 12.8 90.49 SCG 14.2 81.57 CS 12.2 94.94 400100016002200280034004000 Wavenumber (cm-1) C=O C=C C−O −OH C−H CS DGC SCG Figure 3: FTIR spectra of green coffee (DGC), coffee silverskin (CS) and spent coffee grounds (SCG) FTIR spectra showed the presence of a number of characteristic peaks (Figure 3), which were attributed to the stretching vibrations of OH groups (3300 cm–1), aliphatic CH groups (2950–2900 cm–1), C=O or C=C groups (1640–1650 cm–1) and carbonyl groups (1020–1030 cm–1).
    keywords: adsorbents; adsorption; coffee; dgc; materials; removal; scg; solution
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        item: #7486 of 7527
          id: cet-5665
      author: Sauro
       title: Microsoft Word - 82Lambri.doc
        date: 2014-05-21
       words: 3439
      flesch: 53
     summary: The oleoresin was incorporated in different proportions into tomato seed oil so as to obtain a functional oil with a lycopene content ranging from 30 to 600 ppm. From Table 1 it can be seen that tomato seed oil had low free acidity (FA = 1.45 wt%) and peroxide value (PV = 2.6 mEq/kg).
    keywords: content; extraction; lycopene; oil; oleoresin; peels; production; seed; tomato; waste
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        item: #7487 of 7527
          id: cet-5666
      author: Sauro
       title: Microsoft Word - 82Lambri.doc
        date: 2014-05-21
       words: 3772
      flesch: 49
     summary: The experimental procedure was conducted according to the steps below.(1) Preparation of a suspension supports-solution with a constant ratio S/L equal to 10 g/l; (2) The stirring was carried out at ambient temperature of 20 ± 2 ° C at 600 rpm;(3) 5 ml of suspension volume at various reaction times during 125 min was taking with a syringe and it was filtered with Millipore filter of 0.45µm diameter in all experiments;(4) At 300°C and 400°C, an increase in the duration of calcination caused a remarkable improvement of the specific surface area, which was not the case at 550°C where the relatively longer calcination time reduced the surface area from 4.9704 to 3.6148 m2/g. this can be explained by the fact that at the thermal activation at 550°C and for a long time (2 hours), the material particles became so finer, reducing the porosity of the surface and hence compacting it to generate a lower surface area.
    keywords: adsorption; calcination; cop; material; orange; peel; results; surface; time
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        item: #7488 of 7527
          id: cet-5667
      author: Sauro
       title: Microsoft Word - 82Lambri.doc
        date: 2014-05-21
       words: 3140
      flesch: 42
     summary: Therefore, the purpose of this paper was to evaluate the influence of different carbon (organic acids and milk whey permeate) and nitrogen (glutamate, sulfate and yeast extract) sources to hydrogen production by Rhodopseudomonas palustris and Rhodobacter capsulatus strains. In addition, methods of hydrogen production from biomass like pyrolysis or gasification are generally used.
    keywords: acid; concentration; hydrogen; milk; whey
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        item: #7489 of 7527
          id: cet-5668
      author: Sauro
       title: Microsoft Word - 82Lambri.doc
        date: 2014-05-21
       words: 3317
      flesch: 44
     summary: A second bottle of 500 mL was used as gasholder, full of water at pH=2 to prevent CO2 dissolution in water; a third plastic bottle was used as water receiver in order to determine biogas production as water relocation. Good performances in terms of biogas production were recorded in BP, USP, SPFeIII and SPCa tests.
    keywords: biogas; concentration; content; olive; omww; polyphenols; pretreatment; production; test; water
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        item: #7490 of 7527
          id: cet-5669
      author: Sauro
       title: Microsoft Word - 82Lambri.doc
        date: 2014-05-21
       words: 3250
      flesch: 50
     summary: The culture pH was maintained at 5.0 by automatic addition of 2 N KOH during batch phase and 10 % v/v NH4OH during exponential phase. S. cerevisiae Y306
    keywords: batch; cela; cerevisiae; culture; fed; growth; mass; pir4; strain; y306
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        item: #7491 of 7527
          id: cet-567
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-567
        date: 2018-07-20
       words: 3649
      flesch: 27
     summary: The investigation of the sulphur material cycle lays ground for future investigations on alkalines, halides, Zn and other problematic trace materials in integrated steel plant processes. 4. Conclusions The comparison of simulation results with given raw materials to operation data proved the competence of m.simtop to be used for integrated steel plant simulations.
    keywords: blast; furnace; material; operation; plant; process; production; simulation; sinter; steel; sulphur
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        item: #7492 of 7527
          id: cet-5670
      author: Sauro
       title: Microsoft Word - 82Lambri.doc
        date: 2014-05-21
       words: 3882
      flesch: 42
     summary: The presence of organic acid, as acetic acid, on the medium is able to induce the bio-synthesis of saturated acids fatty acids. This yeast is able to use H-H as substrate to grow and to accumulate lipids; and cell growth is not inhibited by furfural, hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) and acetic acid.
    keywords: acid; bagasse; hydrolysate; lipid; medium; production; starkeyi
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        item: #7493 of 7527
          id: cet-5671
      author: Sauro
       title: Microsoft Word - 82Lambri.doc
        date: 2014-05-21
       words: 2296
      flesch: 46
     summary: The different pH were used for sample donor phase. Enrichment Factor was obtained 19 for developed extraction method at optimum condition.
    keywords: determination; extraction; method; phase; plasma; solution
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        item: #7494 of 7527
          id: cet-5672
      author: Sauro
       title: Microsoft Word - 82Lambri.doc
        date: 2014-05-21
       words: 2915
      flesch: 48
     summary: Date syrups are very rich in reduced sugars (in form of fructose and glucose), minerals, vitamin and a small amount of sucrose (Hasnaoui et al., 2010). Figure 4: Kinetic profiles of the fermentation of dates extract by S. cerevisiae ATCC 36858 at 30 °C Figure 5: Profiles of percentage fructose yield and fructose fraction for ATCC 36858 at 30 °C Figure 6 shows the kinetic profiles of fructose, glucose and ethanol during the ATCC 36858 fermentation of date syrup at 33 °C.
    keywords: atcc; cerevisiae; ethanol; fermentation; fructose; glucose
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        item: #7495 of 7527
          id: cet-5673
      author: Sauro
       title: Microsoft Word - 82Lambri.doc
        date: 2014-05-21
       words: 3274
      flesch: 53
     summary: Lactobacillus sakei ST153 (autochthonous bacteria) and BLC35 (commercial mixed starter culture including strains of Lactobacillus curvatus, Staphylococcus xylosus and Pediococcus acidilactici; CHR Hansen) both with bacteriocinogenic activity against Listeria monocytogenes, were applied by immersion or spray on smoked pork slices that were produced at industrial scale and packed under MAP (8 % or 12 % v/v CO2) and stored at 5 ⁰C. Previously to the incorporation of LAB cultures, L. monocytogenes was gently spread with a sterile cotton swab into the slices. Lactobacillus sakei ST153, isolated from a cured/smoked pork product, was sub-cultured twice (1 % v/v inoculum; 24 h at 30 ºC) in 10 mL MRS broth (Pronadisa) and L. monocytogenes in TSB broth (Lab M).
    keywords: cultures; lab; meat; monocytogenes; sakei; st153; taste
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        item: #7496 of 7527
          id: cet-5674
      author: Sauro
       title: Microsoft Word - 82Lambri.doc
        date: 2014-05-21
       words: 3129
      flesch: 46
     summary: For example, at 50°C, immobilized enzyme retained its activity approximately 1.2 fold higher compared to soluble enzyme, after 120 minutes. Similarly, at 60°C, immobilized enzyme retained approximately 11.1 fold higher activity upon 80 minutes incubation, with reference to soluble enzyme.
    keywords: activity; agar; endo-1; enzyme; glucanase; immobilization
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        item: #7497 of 7527
          id: cet-5675
      author: Sauro
       title: Microsoft Word - 82Lambri.doc
        date: 2014-05-21
       words: 2646
      flesch: 34
     summary: There are, in Table 3 analysis of variance (ANOVA), the R2 and the F test used to verify the statistical significance of empirical models of the variables: % removals of glucose, xylose, furfural and HMF. Table 3: Linear regression models for percentage response variable of removal Percentage removal Regression model R2 F Test Glucose =21.65 + 14.90pH – 13.44 mLxTc -14.40 mLxpHxTc 0.88 3.20 Xylose =12.80 +10.35pH – 7.04 mLxpH – 5.55 mLxpHxTc 0.85 2,53 HMF=73.98+9.73Tc-20.56mLxpH+11.11 mLxpHxTc 0.80 1.74 Furfural =73.50 – 23.34pH +6.37Tc -17.69 mLxTc-16.75 mLxpHxTc 0.90 4.17 mL - lignin mass; Tc - contact time
    keywords: furfural; glucose; lignin; liquor; percentage; removal; xylose
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        item: #7498 of 7527
          id: cet-5676
      author: Sauro
       title: Microsoft Word - 82Lambri.doc
        date: 2014-05-21
       words: 3839
      flesch: 52
     summary: 3.4 Effect of the carbon source and inducers on intracellular lipase production Comparing the values of hydrolytic activity of fractions obtained at 24 h of cultivation (Table 3), it was observed that the media containing olive oil and residue of soybean oil presented the best results for the production of intracellular lipases. Many works show intracellular lipase production by use medium containing olive oil as inducer.
    keywords: activity; cell; extraction; frying; glycerol; intracellular; lipase; lipolytica; oil; olive; production
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        item: #7499 of 7527
          id: cet-5677
      author: Sauro
       title: Microsoft Word - 82Lambri.doc
        date: 2014-05-21
       words: 3814
      flesch: 34
     summary: Believing in effective improvement of ethanol production, the cell adaptation was evaluated and Figure 1A shows the xylose consume during fermentations of sugarcane bagasse hemicellulosic hydrolysate by S. (Pichia) stipitis adapted to different ratios of non-detoxified hydrolysate. (2007) which observed faster utilization of sugars and conversion of the furaldehydes by xylose utilizing genetically engineered strain of S. cerevisiae adapted to sugarcane bagasse hydrolysate, indicating the ability of this yeast to tolerate and to transform the inhibitors present in lignocellulose hydrolysate.
    keywords: adaptation; bagasse; cells; ethanol; hydrolysate; l-1; production; stipitis; xylose
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        item: #7500 of 7527
          id: cet-5678
      author: Sauro
       title: Microsoft Word - 82Lambri.doc
        date: 2014-05-21
       words: 3654
      flesch: 40
     summary: Different procedures have been employed, for example, acid hydrolysis, alkali hydrolysis, steam explosion, among others. The pretreatment using dilute sulfuric acid (acid hydrolysis) is the most widely used for having high efficiency in the separating process of cell wall components resulting in hemicellulose hydrolysate and cellulignin.
    keywords: acid; bagasse; cellulose; concentration; ethanol; glucose; hydrolysis; l-1; sulfuric; temperature; time
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        item: #7501 of 7527
          id: cet-5679
      author: Sauro
       title: Microsoft Word - 82Lambri.doc
        date: 2014-05-21
       words: 2207
      flesch: 47
     summary: Determination of enzyme activity The activity of the enzyme extract was determined using guaiacol as substrate. One unit of the peroxidase enzyme activity was regarded as the amount of enzyme that catalyzes the oxidation of guaiacol (1.0 mol) causing an increase of 0.001 absorbance unit per minute of reaction, under the test conditions (Esteves et al. 1999).
    keywords: activity; bean; biosensor; enzyme; phenol; solution
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        item: #7502 of 7527
          id: cet-568
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-568
        date: 2018-07-20
       words: 3307
      flesch: 52
     summary: This control strategy, preferred by the plant Operator, was named – control strategy no. 0. The following control strategies were investigated and compared to the control strategy no. 0: • Keeping the values of split ratio in branch pairs AB and CD constant and equal 50 % of the total mass flow of crude oil in each branch – control strategy no. 1 (Figure 2a).
    keywords: branches; control; figure; fouling; heat; hen; operation; outlet
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        item: #7503 of 7527
          id: cet-5680
      author: Sauro
       title: Microsoft Word - 82Lambri.doc
        date: 2014-05-21
       words: 4024
      flesch: 52
     summary: Recently, a combination of MBR and biofilm systems has been proposed, usually referred to as moving bed biofilm membrane bioreactor (MB-MBR) (Leyva-Diaz et al., 2013; Khan et al., 2012). 38, 2014 A publication of The Italian Association of Chemical Engineering www.aidic.it/cet Guest Editors: Enrico Bardone, Marco Bravi, Taj Keshavarz Copyright © 2014, AIDIC Servizi S.r.l., ISBN 978-88-95608-29-7; ISSN 2283-9216 Analysis of Biomass Characteristics in MBR and MB-MBR Systems Fed with Synthetic Wastewater: Influence of a Gradual Salinity Increase Gaetano Di Bellaa*, Daniele Di Trapanib, Gabriele Frenia, Michele Torregrossab, Gaspare Vivianib aFacoltà di Ingegneria, Architettura e Scienze motorie - Università degli Studi di Enna “Kore”, Cittadella universitaria, 94100 Enna, Italy bDipartimento di Ingegneria Civile, Ambientale, Aerospaziale, dei Materiali - Università degli Studi di Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, 90128 Palermo, Italy.
    keywords: biofilm; biomass; fouling; l-1; line; mbr; membrane; phase; salinity; wastewater
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        item: #7504 of 7527
          id: cet-5681
      author: Sauro
       title: Microsoft Word - 82Lambri.doc
        date: 2014-05-21
       words: 3347
      flesch: 51
     summary: bernardo.ruggeri@polito.it Currently, the biogas production from organic waste (OW) refuses through AD has been and continues to be one of the most widely used processes for energy production. In Author’s opinion, thermal balance is the first step to be consider towards energy sustainability, because if the energy consumed for heating the substrate until the working temperature plus the heat spent for the pretreatment of the feed, is greater than the energy produced, this is sufficient to say that the process is in energy debt.
    keywords: energy; esi; process; production; sustainability; temperature
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        item: #7505 of 7527
          id: cet-5682
      author: Sauro
       title: Microsoft Word - 82Lambri.doc
        date: 2014-05-21
       words: 3056
      flesch: 47
     summary: Poly (N- vinylpyrrolidone) (PVP) has been extensively used in controlled release drug delivery due to its biocompatibility, chemical stability, and excellent aqueous solubility. Another DOI: 10.3303/CET1438077 Please cite this article as: Adamo G., Grimaldi N., Campora S., Sabatino M.A., Dispenza C., Ghersi G., 2014, Glutathione-sensitive nanogels for drug release, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 38, 457-462 DOI: 10.3303/CET1438077 457 mechanism is the active targeting, that involves the use of peripherally conjugated targeting moieties, for enhanced delivery to a specific site, based on molecular recognition.
    keywords: cells; dox; drug; nanogels; ngs; pvp; release
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        item: #7506 of 7527
          id: cet-5683
      author: Sauro
       title: Microsoft Word - 82Lambri.doc
        date: 2014-05-21
       words: 3054
      flesch: 40
     summary: The idea of studying ethanol production by auxotrophic yeast strains stems from the behaviour in aerated fed-batch reactor of auxotrophic strains belonging to the CEN.PK family of the yeast S. cerevisiae observed by Landi et al.(2011). To our knowledge, a study focused on ethanol production by auxotrophic yeasts strains has not yet been made.
    keywords: cen.pk; cerevisiae; concentration; ethanol; glucose; medium; prototrophic; strains; yeast
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        item: #7507 of 7527
          id: cet-5684
      author: Sauro
       title: Microsoft Word - 82Lambri.doc
        date: 2014-05-21
       words: 4271
      flesch: 51
     summary: The low content of lipids (0.1%) in cassava starch ensures that amylose–lipid complex formation is negligible; consequently, good liquefaction can be achieved at a lower temperature, and retrogradation problems are DOI: 10.3303/CET1438079 Please cite this article as: Lambri M., Dordoni R., Roda A., De Faveri D.M., 2014, Process development for maltodextrins and glucose syrup from cassava, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 38, 469-474 DOI: 10.3303/CET1438079 469 less severe. An additional advantage of cassava starch is its low protein content; consequently, less color is developed during hydrolysis, and refining requirements are reduced (Carpio et al., 2011).
    keywords: amylase; cassava; glucose; liquefaction; mash; starch; water
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        item: #7508 of 7527
          id: cet-5685
      author: Sauro
       title: Microsoft Word - 82Lambri.doc
        date: 2014-05-21
       words: 3149
      flesch: 47
     summary: Jagger A.S., Green technologies almost ready to <http://www.icis.com/Articles/2012/10/01/9599033/socma+green+technologies+almost+ready+to+go.ht ml> accessed 20.05.2013. 479 Papanikolaou S., Ruiz-Sanchez P., Pariset B., Blanchard F., Fick M., 2000, High production of 1,3- propanediol from industrial glycerol by a newly isolated Clostridium butyricum strain, Journal of Biotechnology, 77, 191-208. Papanikolaou S, Fick M, Aggelis G, 2004, The effect of raw glycerol concentration on the production of 1,3-propanediol by Clostridium butyricum. Medium 2 (Wilkens et al., 2012) 3.4 g.L-1 K2HPO4 1.3 g.L-1 KH2PO4 2.71 g.L-1 KH2PO4 2.0 g.L-1 (NH4)2SO4 2.69 g.L-1 NH4Cl 0.2 g.L-1 MgSO4.7H2O 0.186 g.L-1 MgSO4.7H2O 0.02 g.L-1
    keywords: 1,3; butyricum; clostridium; g.l-1; glycerol; medium; production; propanediol
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        item: #7509 of 7527
          id: cet-5686
      author: Sauro
       title: Microsoft Word - 82Lambri.doc
        date: 2014-05-21
       words: 3275
      flesch: 43
     summary: Dark fermentation is an anaerobic digestion of organic matter and it is considered the simplest DOI: 10.3303/CET1438081 Please cite this article as: Cardoso V., Romao B.B., Silva F.T.M., Santos J.G., Batista F.R.X., Ferreira J.S., 2014, Hydrogen production by dark fermentation, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 38, 481-486 DOI: 10.3303/CET1438081 481 process of obtaining biohydrogen. Hydrogen production via fermentation involves either facultative or strict anaerobic bacteria.
    keywords: dark; energy; fermentation; hydrogen; hydrogen production; journal; kim; production; temperature
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        item: #7510 of 7527
          id: cet-5687
      author: Sauro
       title: Microsoft Word - 82Lambri.doc
        date: 2014-05-21
       words: 2479
      flesch: 37
     summary: João Naves de Ávila, 2121-Bloco 1K, Campus Santa Mônica, Uberlândia-MG, Brazil vicelma@ufu.br Bioconversion of agro-industrial residues has gained much focus worldwide as effective strategy to reduce environmental pollution and improve ethanol production. In this context, Aspergillus, Penicillium, Trichoderma, Chaetomium, Mucor and other fungi have been reported by several researchers as producers of cellulolytic enzymes by Solid state fermentation (SSF) and the most promising source to broaden the range of enzymes essential to advances in enzyme technology including ethanol production (Buzzini et al., 2002; Thomas et al., 2013; Fischer et al., 2013; El- Said e Saleem, 2008).
    keywords: bagasse; complex; enzyme; et al; ethanol; production; sugarcane
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        item: #7511 of 7527
          id: cet-5688
      author: Sauro
       title: Microsoft Word - 82Lambri.doc
        date: 2014-05-21
       words: 4366
      flesch: 54
     summary: The treatment of municipal landfill leachate by means of aerobic granular sequencing batch reactors (GSBRs) was investigated. Although aerobic granulation in GSBR has been extensively investigated, most of the previous studies concerning the cultivation of aerobic granules have been carried out with synthetic wastewater (Wey et al., 2012).
    keywords: day; granular; leachate; period; reactor; sludge; synthetic; wastewater
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        item: #7512 of 7527
          id: cet-5689
      author: Sauro
       title: Microsoft Word - 82Lambri.doc
        date: 2014-05-21
       words: 3924
      flesch: 53
     summary: From all available prebiotics, only fructooligosaccharides (FOS) and inulin can be considered as active components of functional foods (Douglas and Sanders, 2008; Roberfroid et al., 2010; Oliveira et al., 2012). Consequently, those products containing probiotics and prebiotics in their formulation (symbiotic products) are increasing in popularity and acceptance worldwide (da Cruz et al., 2007; Siro et al., 2008; Oliveira et al., 2011; Oliveira, Perego, et al., 2011).
    keywords: bacteria; food; oliveira; pulps; storage; yoghurts
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        item: #7513 of 7527
          id: cet-569
      author: raffaella
       title: cet-569
        date: 2018-07-20
       words: 3806
      flesch: 42
     summary: A methodology to extract temporal patterns of alarm sequences and operator actions from the log files of alarm management systems is proposed. These segments include series of alarms that initialize operator actions, sets of operator actions, and a period that potentially covers the effects of the corrective actions of the operators.
    keywords: actions; alarm; event; operator; operator actions; process; series; time
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        item: #7514 of 7527
          id: cet-5690
      author: Sauro
       title: Microsoft Word - 82Lambri.doc
        date: 2014-05-21
       words: 3140
      flesch: 47
     summary: Figure 6A shows the results of CD11b and CD69 in Jurkat cells after 120 h of incubation. The rates of cell growth for each hydrogel were obtained. 2.4 Microscopic observation The viable cells in the chitosan hydrogels were observed at selected times through fluorescent labeling with Acrydin Orange, a technique that allows to discriminate a healthy cell from one with nuclear damage.
    keywords: cartilage; cd11b; cd69; cells; chemical; chitosan; figure; hydrogel; pegde; sulphate
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        item: #7515 of 7527
          id: cet-5691
      author: Sauro
       title: Microsoft Word - 82Lambri.doc
        date: 2014-05-21
       words: 2378
      flesch: 53
     summary: Bencheikh-Lehocine Université Constantine 3, Laboratoire de l’ingénierie des procédés de l’environnement, Constantine, Algeria envi_dz@yahoo.fr The experimental study was undertaken in order to evaluate the effects of the initial pH on the anaerobic digestion of dairy waste. The physicochemical main features of the mixture (mud and dairy waste) in each reactors are deferred in table .1
    keywords: biogas; digestion; methane; test; waste
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        item: #7516 of 7527
          id: cet-5692
      author: Sauro
       title: Microsoft Word - 82Lambri.doc
        date: 2014-05-21
       words: 3962
      flesch: 42
     summary: Cell motility is observed by means of a Time Lapse Microscopy workstation, consisting of a motorized video-microscope equipped with an incubating system, and quantified by image analysis techniques. It is possible to describe cell motility in terms of a motility coefficient, analogue of the Fickian diffusion coefficient, while cell proliferation can be described by models of logistic growth (Tremel et al., 2009).
    keywords: analysis; assays; caserta; cell; doi; ht1080; motility; ng2; time
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        item: #7517 of 7527
          id: cet-5693
      author: Sauro
       title: Microsoft Word - 82Lambri.doc
        date: 2014-05-21
       words: 2633
      flesch: 50
     summary: Similarly to microbial fuel cells, self-sustainable microbial fuel cells that rely on light instead of organics as an energy source are being developed. This value appears relatively high if compared to the value obtained for microbial fuel cells, (about 60-70 Ω, Logan et al., 2006).
    keywords: bpvs; cells; current; energy; figure; fuel; light; power
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        item: #7518 of 7527
          id: cet-5694
      author: Sauro
       title: Microsoft Word - 82Lambri.doc
        date: 2014-05-21
       words: 2769
      flesch: 51
     summary: The present work purpose is to monitor and determine oil accumulation into Yarrowia lipolytica cell grown in three different media by flow cytometry. By using this technique, it was able to determinate cell total lipid and distinguish polar lipids and neutral lipids into the cell, the last ones related with stored oil particle.
    keywords: cell; cytometry; flow; lipid; lipolytica; medium; yeast
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        item: #7519 of 7527
          id: cet-5695
      author: dcmic
       title: Microsoft Word - 192wang.doc
        date: 2014-04-17
       words: 3698
      flesch: 50
     summary: The emissions of nitrogen oxides are typically low in course of fluidised bed combustion of coal or biomass fuels, the generation of NOx via thermal or prompt DOI: 10.3303/CET1437001 Please cite this article as: Miccio F., Ruoppolo G., Russo S., Urciuolo M., De Riccardis A., 2014, Fluidized bed combustion of wet biomass fuel (olive husks), Chemical Engineering Transactions, 37, 1-6 DOI: 10.3303/CET1437001 1 mechanisms (Miller and Bowman, 1989) being normally negligible. Francesco Miccioa, Giovanna Ruoppoloa, Salvatore Russoa, Massimo Urciuoloa, Andrea De Riccardisb a Istituto di Ricerche sulla Combustione – CNR, P.le V. Tecchio 80, 80125 Napoli, Italy b Teknelios, via San Domenico Savio, 73100 Lecce, Italy miccio@irc.cnr.it The present paper reports on experiments of fluidized bed combustion of dry and wet olive husks.
    keywords: bed; biomass; combustion; content; fuel; husks; olive; scale; temperature; tests
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        item: #7520 of 7527
          id: cet-5696
      author: dcmic
       title: Microsoft Word - 192wang.doc
        date: 2014-04-17
       words: 3946
      flesch: 55
     summary: The similar crystalline phases in wheat straw ash have been reported before. K-a and 30% sewage sludge -b: data from Li et al. 30 % sewage sludge: data from Li et al (Li et al., 2013) a b 9 Figure 2: SEM-EDX analyses of wheat straw ash produced at a) 800 °C, b) 1000 °C Figure 3: SEM-EDX spot and mapping analyses of the wheat straw ash produced at 1000 °C Figure 4: SEM-EDX spot and mapping analyses for the mixture of sewage sludge and wheat straw combusted at 1000 °C Figure 1b shows, with addition of the sewage sludge, fractions of K released from the wheat straw decreased in the studied temperature range.
    keywords: addition; ash; combustion; potassium; sewage; sludge; straw; wheat; wheat straw
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        item: #7521 of 7527
          id: cet-5697
      author: sara
       title: Format And Type Fonts
        date: 2014-05-09
       words: 3675
      flesch: 42
     summary: CO and VOC concentration below 5 mg/m³ have been measured for two different air supply settings, though for the one with higher primary air rate and lower secondary air rate NOX concentration was lower. During operation with the higher primary air rate and lower secondary air (0.6/0.6 m³/h) the lower NOX concentration was measured.
    keywords: air; combustion; concentration; flue; fuel; gas; installation; operation; scale; supply
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        item: #7522 of 7527
          id: cet-5698
      author: dcmic
       title: Microsoft Word - 192wang.doc
        date: 2014-04-17
       words: 4072
      flesch: 48
     summary: DOI: 10.3303/CET1437004 Please cite this article as: Stoppiello G., Palma V., Hugony F., Meloni E., Gualtieri M., 2014, Catalytic wall flow filters for the reduction of biomass boilers emissions, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 37, 19-24 DOI: 10.3303/CET1437004 19 2. Nevertheless, by foreseeing the industrial use of catalytic wall flow filters as intermittent regenerated devices (at high temperature), pressure drops are still too high.
    keywords: biomass; cufe2o4; filters; flow; sic; temperature; wall
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        item: #7523 of 7527
          id: cet-5699
      author: dcmic
       title: Microsoft Word - 192wang.doc
        date: 2014-04-17
       words: 2917
      flesch: 43
     summary: 28 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100% short ESP long ESP short ESP long ESP short ESP A ba te m en t e ff ic ie nc y WS PS B25 1st day 5th day 10th day Figure 2 PM abatement systems efficiencies for the three appliances also during aging tests. 2. Materials and Methods Three kind of heating systems have been selected to study the efficiency of PM abatement for ESP devices: - a pellet stove (PS) with a thermal power between 2.6-9 kW and efficiency of 91% provided of a feeding container with capacity of 18 kg, the combustion chamber feeding is automatic by means of a cochlea which operates periodically.
    keywords: abatement; appliances; combustion; efficiency; esp; pellet; tests; wood
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        item: #7524 of 7527
          id: cet-5700
      author: dcmic
       title: Microsoft Word - 192wang.doc
        date: 2014-04-17
       words: 3556
      flesch: 52
     summary: This study aims to compare the behavior of thermal decomposition of sugar cane bagasse under two different atmospheres: (CO2/O2) to simulate oxy-fuel combustion and (N2/O2) to simulate conventional combustion. daniela.mortari@usp.br Brazil is the largest producer of sugar cane bagasse in the world and the combination of this biomass with oxy-fuel combustion has become a promising technology from environmental and energetic points of view.
    keywords: bagasse; cane; co2; combustion; decomposition; sugar
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        item: #7525 of 7527
          id: cet-5701
      author: dcmic
       title: Microsoft Word - 192wang.doc
        date: 2014-04-17
       words: 4003
      flesch: 60
     summary: Figure 2 shows one representative SEM image of stem wood ash with porous structures. Figure 2: SEM image of stem wood ash produced at 1000 °C Figure 3: SEM image of stem bark ash produced at 1000 °C Figure 4: SEM image of twigs ash produced at 1000 °C a b a b a b 500 µm 100 µm 500 µm 100 µm 500 µm 100 µm 41 Table 3: Major mineral phases observed from barley straw ash with and without additive addition 4.
    keywords: ash; bark; combustion; elements; parts; stem; tree; wood
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        item: #7526 of 7527
          id: cet-5718
      author: dcmic
       title: Microsoft Word - 192wang.doc
        date: 2014-04-17
       words: 3371
      flesch: 39
     summary: The mass and energy balances resulted from simulation are then used to assess the main techno-economic and environmental indicators of the evaluated cases, like plant energy efficiency, ancillary power consumption, carbon capture energy and cost penalty, specific CO2 emissions, capital costs, specific capital investment per kW, operation and maintenance (O&M) costs, cost of electricity, CO2 removal and avoidance costs, cash flow analysis. Considering the growing integration of highly time-irregular renewable energy sources (wind and solar), the capability of fossil fuel power plants to adjust the generated load is particular important.
    keywords: capture; carbon; case; co2; coal; costs; energy; gasification; hydrogen; plant; power
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        item: #7527 of 7527
          id: cet-5719
      author: dcmic
       title: Microsoft Word - 192wang.doc
        date: 2014-04-17
       words: 3564
      flesch: 49
     summary: Such eutectic system was described, among others, by Du, 2000. Ecologically and economically feasible management of waste feathers is a growing issue, especially in the context of recent outbreak of avian influenza which led to restrictions in bone meal production.
    keywords: boiler; chamber; combustion; feathers; flue; fuel; gasification; nitrogen; plant; system
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