CHEMICAL ENGINEERING TRANSACTIONS
VOL. 62, 2017
A publication of
The Italian Association
of Chemical Engineering
Online at www.aidic.it/cet
Guest Editors: Fei Song, Haibo Wang, Fang He
Copyright © 2017, AIDIC Servizi S.r.l.
ISBN 978-88-95608- 60-0; ISSN 2283-9216
Analysis of Pollution Control on the Construction of Garden
Green Space in Petrochemical Enterprises
Yihan Zhao
Pingdingshan University, Pingdingshan 467000, China
yihanzhao1984@126.com
According to the production characteristics of petrochemical enterprises, this paper puts forward the control
ability and the reduction ability of the environmental pollution of the plant area. It is the important goal of the
construction of the garden green space for the petrochemical enterprise. It is also the key content of the
research on the construction plan of the petrochemical enterprise garden green space. The latest plant
ecological restoration theory and related technology are the direction for the aspects of pollution control, water
pollution control, soil pollution control and air pollution and noise pollution control. The use of plants combined
with the engineering design examples.
1. Introduction
The petrochemical production is the industrial production of petroleum raw materials. The production process
produces a variety of pollutants (Qian et al., 2010; Liu et al., 2010). The main air pollutants are sulfur oxides,
nitrogen oxides, hydrocarbons, CO and odor substances, followed by dust, ammonia and organic acids, etc. In
this process it also produces waste water, alkali, waste acid, waste water in the main pollutants from the
residue products. And it also produces organic matter, oil, suspended solids, acidity, suspended solids. Waste
residue mainly from the cold water tower and water treatment sludge and dehydrated waste residue. These
pollution sources have a wide distribution and complex emissions. The impact of all-round, comprehensive
and dual on the ecological environment cannot be ignored. Figure 1 shows the production of petrochemical
enterprises in the process of a series of problem, which seriously restricts the construction of petrochemical
enterprises and sustainable development (Zhou, 2012; Cong et al., 2012).
Figure 1: The influence of environmental protection on the production process of petrochemical enterprises
DOI: 10.3303/CET1762236
Please cite this article as: Yihan Zhao, 2017, Analysis of pollution control on the construction of garden green space in petrochemical
enterprises, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 62, 1411-1416 DOI:10.3303/CET1762236
1411
In order to eliminate and reduce environmental pollution, people generally take three measures (Yamamoto et
al., 2013;): (1) Improve the production process, installation of purification, filtration, recycling equipment to
protect the environment; (2) In the industrial enterprise planning and layout, according to the local wind
direction, terrain, water flow we need to deal with industrial production land and other land location relationship;
(3) According to the production characteristics of industrial enterprises, we choose anti-pollution tree green
plant to build health protection forest.
2. Theoretical basis of ecological green space system construction in petrochemical city
The theoretical basis of ecological green space system construction in petrochemical city is ecology. Ecology
also includes the following:
(1) Ecosystem theory (Müller, 2012)
According to Ehaekcel's definition, ecology is a science that studies the interrelationships between the
creatures and the environment. And the ecosystem (Ecosysetm) is the habitat of all living creatures (ie,
biological communities) and their environment. The unity of material circulation and energy flow is considered
to be the most important concept in ecology.
(2) The principle of ecological balance
Ecological balance means that the energy flow and the material circulation in the ecosystem are always
carried out smoothly under normal circumstances (without severe interference from external forces). While the
structure of the ecosystem remains relatively stable (Klijn and Haes, 1994; Bergkamp, 1995). It is a kind of
dynamic equilibrium. In the ecological construction of green space, the leading role of ecological balance
principle should be emphasized. It pay attention to the relationship between urban functional zoning and it
focuses on the ecology of the whole city environment and rational layout. As a result, the urban green space is
not only around the city, but also the introduction of natural into the city maintain the ecological balance of the
city. In recent years, many cities in China, such as Beijing, Tianjin, Hefei, Nanjing, Shenzhen and other cities
have begun to combine the combination of forest gardens, urban green area. It expands the three-dimensional
ecological construction approach.
(3) Principles of biodiversity
Biodiversity refers to the combination of various organisms. And their ecological complexes with the
environment and their various ecological processes are the basis of the survival and sustainable development
of human society. Due to unreasonable development and utilization, especially the ecological damage and
pollution of habitats, biodiversity has continued to decline. Urban landscapes are one of the last bastions of
native plants and native biodiversity conservation. Biodiversity is the basis for improving the greenland
ecosystem function and greenland ecosystem health.
(4) Niche theory (Kylafis et al., 2011; Kylafis and Loreau, 2011)
The concept of niche is the function of a species in the ecosystem and its position in time and space. It reflects
the relationship between species and species, species and the environment. In the construction of urban
green space system, the selection and arrangement of green plants is very important, which is directly related
to the ecological function of green space system and the value of landscape aesthetics. In the construction of
urban green space system, we should fully consider the niche characteristics of the species. And we choose
the type of plants rationally. It avoids the direct competition between species, which is the form a reasonable
structure and functional and stable community structure. In order to complement each other, both the full use
of environmental resources. However, the formation of beautiful landscape is also used.
3. Results and discussion
3.1 Water pollution control actuator selection
In the serious pollution natural waters refinery establishes artificial wetlands. The artificial wetlands designs a
regulating pool and five units in series. The design area is 500 square meters and the artificial wetland bed
design depth is 1 meter. The substrate design depth is 50 cm. The substrate is the fine sand. Wetland plants
is the main body. Artificial wetland sewage treatment process is shown in Figure 2.
The results are shown in Table 1. The results showed that the wetland plants could remove the pollutants in
the sewage through absorption, adsorption and enrichment. The nitrogen in the wastewater is in the form of
organic nitrogen and inorganic nitrogen, in which inorganic nitrogen is used as a nutrient for plant growth. And
it is absorbed by plants in the form of ions. Some organic nitrogen is decomposed by microorganisms. It is
absorbed by plants. As a result, synthetic plant organisms are removed in the form of harvest. Inorganic
phosphorus in wastewater is also absorbed by plants. Plants can directly absorb water-soluble heavy metals
through the roots.
1412
Figure 2: Technological process chart of artificial wetland
Table 1: the change of water quality at a capacity
Index Water in Water out Removal rate
NO3- 1.536±0.341 0.605±0.043 60.57
NH4+ 0.026±0.005 0.013±0.001 51.26
TN 2.412±0.866 0.889±0.133 63.12
TP 0.067±0.003 0.040±0.014 40.74
SS 27.000±4.240 not detected 100
KMnO4 4.369±1.126 1.282±0.055 70.67
BOD5 2.810±0.795 0.746±0.029 73.45
COD 29.572±3.217 5.005±1.930 83.07
3.2 Soil pollution control
Planting soils are resistant to petroleum substances on contaminated soils. They combine with fertilizers and
they can significantly accelerate the degradation of petroleum substances in the soil. Plant bioremediation is
the most economical. Plant-microbial co-repair is achieved by synergistic action of plants with specific
mycorrhizal fungi or rhizosphere bacteria. Which increases the absorption and degradation of contaminants
and it is shown in Figure 3.
Figure 3: Sketch chart of microbial-phytoremediation system
It has been found that more than 400 species of As, Cd, Co, Cu, Mn, Ni, Pb, Se, Zn and other elements are
more than 400 species (Table 2). Super-rich plants are characterized by over-absorption of heavy metals. And
they can be transported to the plant part of the ground. It mainly considers two factors, one is the plant part of
the enrichment of heavy metals and the other is the plant part of the heavy metal content. They should be
higher than the roots. Because of the concentration of various heavy metals in the soil and the background
value in soil and plant, there are different enrichment limits for enrichment of different heavy metals.
It is an easy and cost-effective method to strengthen phytoremediation through cultivation measures. This
method is indeed an easy and cost-effective method. The following measures are shown in Figure 4.
1413
Table 2: Species concentration of hyperaccumulators
Heavy
metals
Plant species Content(mg/kg)
Cd Solanum nigtrum L. 114
Cd Thlaspi caerulescens 3000
Pb Thlaspi rotundifolium Subsp. 820
Co Haumaniastrum robertii 10200
Cu Haumaniastrum robertii 2070
Au Brassica juncea 10
Mn Macadamia neurophylla 55000
Mn Phytolacca acinosa Roxb. 19300
Se Astragalus racemosus 14900
Zn Cardaminossis balleri 13600
Zn Sedum alferdii Hance. 4515
U Atriplex confertifolia 100
Ni Alyssum bertolonii 13400
Ni Psychotria doarrei 47500
T1 Iberis intermedia 3070
AS Pteris vittata L. 7500
Figure 4: Application of enhancing technology for phytoremediation
3.3 Air pollution control
Phytoremediation is the science and technology that utilizes the interaction between plants and their symbiotic
microorganisms. Plant remediation includes direct repairs and indirect repairs. Direct repair refers to the
absorption and assimilation of air pollutants. Indirect repair refers to the removal of dry. The removal process
includes plant absorption, degradation, transformation and assimilation. The ability of common plants to
absorb fluorine and chloride ions is shown in Table 3 and Table 4.
1414
Table 3: The comparision of fluorine absorpive capacity of different plant’s leaves (g/kg)
Plant leave Fluorine absorpive capacity Plant leave Fluorine absorpive capacity
Grape plants 0.636 Side cypress 0.253
peach 0.580 Pine 0.190
Apple tree 0.108 peanut 0.736
Poplar 0.792 Cynodon 0.056
Populus×canadensi
s
1.700 locust 1.150
Ash tree 1.258
Table 4: The comparision of chloride absorpive capacity of different plant’s leaves (g/kg)
Plant leave chloride absorpive capacity Plant leave chloride absorpive capacity
Hibiscus 27.7 Oleander 7.7
Buxus boxwood 24.8 Coral tree 6.9
Cockscomb 16.5 Peach 6.3
Canna 12.4 Palm 3.6
Weeping willow 11.9 Bauhinia 3.6
Privet 10.7 Heather 2.8
Dragon claws 8.2 Camellia 1.6
Euonymus japonicus 8.0 Green onion 1.8
3.4 Noise pollution control
The weakening effect of the same community on the noise in different growth stages is different. The
weakening effect of the plant community on the noise is excellent. Therefore, when the green plant
configuration is carried out, it should be used to reduce the noise pollution. Common plant noise reduction
effect can be seen in Table 5.
Tabel 5: Afforest effect that forest belt either hedge abate the buzz
Forest type
Sound source
to forest belt
distance (m)
Forest
width
(m)
Noise through the
attenuation of the
forest (dB)
The amount of
attenuation of the
corresponding space
(dB)
The net loss
of the forest
(dB)
Blackberry
pure forest
8 34 16 11 5
Cedar,
cypress
forest belt
6 18 16 6 10
Trees, Pittite
Green
Fence
11 4 8.5 2.5 6
4. Conclusion
Through the study of the construction of garden green space, it is found that the plant and plant combination
methods are different in the aspects of water pollution control, soil pollution control and air pollution and noise
pollution control. For water pollution, the main way is to build artificial wetlands. For soil pollution, it is mainly
with the cultivation of plants. For air pollution and noise pollution control, the main way is to use evergreen tree
species and deciduous tree species. And under the forest configuration of a variety levels and ground cover
plants, it increases the thickness of the forest.
1415
Reference
Bergkamp G., 1995, A hierarchical approach for desertification assessment, Environmental Monitoring &
Assessment, 37(1-3), 59-78, DOI: 10.1007/BF00546880
Cong G., Gao J., Wang G., 2012, Design of intelligent maintenance decision-making system for fixed
equipment in petrochemical plants, International Conference on Web Information System & Minging,
7529 :402-413, DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-33469-6_52
Klijn F., Haes H.A.U.D., 1994, A hierarchical approach to ecosystems and its implications for ecological land
classification, Landscape Ecology, 9(2), 89-104, DOI: 10.1007/bf00124376
Kylafis G., Loreau M., 2011, Niche construction in the light of niche theory. Ecology Letters, 14(2), 82-90.
DOI: 10.1111/j.1461-0248.2010.01551.x
Kylafis G., Loreau M., 2010, Niche construction in the light of niche theory, Ecology Letters, 14(2), 82-90, DOI:
10.1111/j.1461-0248.2010.01551.x
Liu J., Xia B., Yu D., Li R., 2010, A Study on Ally Selection in Maintenance Alliance Based on Mobile
Agents, International Conference on Electrical & Control Engineering, 30(6), 2637-2642, DOI:
10.1109/iCECE.2010.645
Müller F., 1992, Hierarchical approaches to ecosystem theory, Ecological Modelling, 63(1-4), 215-242, DOI:
10.1016/0304-3800(92)90070-U
Qian Z.W., Sun H.T., 2010, A Study on the Construction of Logistics Information System in Flexible
Manufacturing Enterprises,International Conference on Intelligent System Design and Engineering
Application. IEEE Computer Society, 167-174, DOI: 10.1109/ISDEA.2010.92
Yamamoto T., Katayama Y., Ushiba J., 2013, A Study on the Construction of Financial SCM based on TSU for
the Globalization of Small and Medium-sized Enterprises in Korea, 16(3), 230-235, DOI: 10.1111/j.1525-
1403.2012.00521.x
Zhou Z.M., 2012, Study on Strategies of Automatic Equipment Maintenance Based on Reliability in
Petrochemical Enterprises, Applied Mechanics & Materials, 192, 450-454,
DOI: 10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMM.192.450
1416