DOI: 10.3303/CET2291054
Paper Received: 9 January 2022; Revised: 12 April 2022; Accepted: 5 May 2022
Please cite this article as: Prince Grandez J., López Padilla R.D.P., Benites-Alfaro E., 2022, Reduction of the Rate of Accidents at Work
Through the Implementation of a Occupational Safety and Health Management System in the Industrial Electromechanical Industry.,
Chemical Engineering Transactions, 91, 319-324 DOI:10.3303/CET2291054
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING TRANSACTIONS
VOL. 91, 2022
A publication of
The Italian Association
of Chemical Engineering
Online at www.cetjournal.it
Guest Editors: Valerio Cozzani, Bruno Fabiano, Genserik Reniers
Copyright © 2022, AIDIC Servizi S.r.l.
ISBN 978-88-95608-89-1; ISSN 2283-9216
Reduction of the Rate of Accidents at Work through the
Implementation of an Occupational Safety and Health
Management System (OSHS) in the Industrial
Electromechanical Industry
Jefrie Prínce Grandez , Rosario del Pilar López Padilla *, Elmer Benites-Alfaro
Universidad César Vallejo, Av. Alfredo Mendiola 6232 Los Olivos Lima 15314, Perú
rlopezp@ucv.edu.pe
Accidents at work in industry are very important factors that must be addressed. They often occur because of
lack of a Safety and Health at Work management system (OSHS). The electromechanical industry requires the
observance of different safety procedures because as it is a risky activity many equipment and mechanical tools
are employed and operators must comply with established protocols so that regrettable accidents do not
happen. The research aimed to reduce the rate of occupational accidents of employees of an industrial
electromechanical company through the implementation of an OSHS at work. There were identified the probable
causes of accidents at work during 10 weeks. The proposed implemented system took into consideration the
following 5 phases: policy, scope, planning, implementation and verification. As a result of the implementation,
there was a reduction in occupational accidents of about 87.5% (from 8 accidents to just 1). It confirms the need
to manage risky activities safely in manufacturing companies in order to have regularity in the production
processes and guarantee the health of workers
1. Introduction
Responsible companies base their activities on a good performance of their employees and, for the achievement
of their objectives; one important aspect is the well-being of their workers. Accidents at work derive in delays
in production activities representing social, human and economic costs for the organization (ILO, s. f.). The
metal industry because of the nature of their activities has a considerable rate of accidents at work for the failure
to implement a management system for safety and health at work (OSHS). In Peru, in September 2021, it was
reported to the Ministry of Labor 11 fatal accidents, 2 184 accidents at work, 62 dangerous incidents and 8
occupational diseases (MTPE, 2021). According to a study carried out by the World Health Organization (WHO)
and the International Labor Organization (ILO), work-related diseases and injuries caused 1.9 million deaths
between 2000 and 2016; the main factors were: exposure to long working hours and workplace exposure to air
pollution, asthmagens, carcinogens, ergonomics risks, and noise (Diaz Dumont et al., 2020). Many companies
support the implementation of Safety and Health at Work management systems (OSHS) because of legal,
economic reasons and the benefits of a good image (Gadea García, 2016). It also contributes to the corporate
image enhancement as a socially responsible company that seeks sustainable human development of the
quality of life of their workers. (López, 2016). On the other hand OHSH systems are implemented in many
different industries (Montano Angie et al., 2020).
2. Methodology
The research consisted of an evaluation of the way as occupational safety and health activities were managed
in the industrial electromechanic area of a company. For the evaluation, there were registered the number
accidents at work occurred in 10 weeks. In a second phase, after the implementation of an (OSHS) system, the
same evaluation was carried out in order to analyze the improvement.
319
2.1 Indicators:
Occupational Health: It was evaluated by the occupational medical examinations index (IEO), Eq(1) was used.
𝐼𝐸𝑂 =
Number of occupational medical examinations performed ∗ 100
Number of occupational medical examinations scheduled in 10 weeks
Eq(1)
• Planning: index IIPER for the hazard identification and risk assessment), Eq(2) was used
𝐼𝐼𝑃𝐸𝑅 =
IPER N°made∗100
IPER N°programmed in 10 weeks
Eq(2)
• Implementation and decision-making: The index was training in the company Eq(3) was used.
𝑥 =
Hours of effective training∗100
Total training hours programmed in 10 weeks
Eq(3)
• Monitoring: It was evaluated by the index of inspections made (IM), Eq(4) was used.
𝐼𝑀 =
Numbers of inspections∗100
Number of inspections performance programmed in 10 weeks
Eq(4)
• The Audit: index of audits performed (IA) was determined, Eq(5) was used..
𝐼𝐴 =
Number of audit made∗100
Number of planned audits by HODELPE in 10 weeks
Eq(5)
2.2 In assessing accidents at work, the following were taken into account:
Temporary disability accidents: expressed as the number of accidents after 10 weeks of evaluation. Measured
by the accident frequency (AF) index, Eq(6) was used.
𝐴𝐹 =
Number of registered accidents∗100
Number of hours worked in 10 weeks
Eq(6)
The population of the study was 20 people who work in an industrial and electromechanical service company,
whose main activities are the manufacture of mechanical parts, metal structures, helical threads, CNC lathe
service, CNC machining center and related services for the industrial, metallurgical, mining, construction and
boiler-making sector.
3. Results
3.1 Occupational Safety and Health Management System (OSHS):
The information of the indexes collected before and after the implementation of the proposal took into
consideration the following dimensions and indicators:
• Occupational Health:
Table 1 shows the index about the compliance of occupational medical examinations before (August,
September, October and November 2017) and after the launch of the OSHS from February to April 2018). There
was a 100% of compliance after the implementation of the OSHS proposal, compared with the index value
before (0%).
• Planning:
Regarding the process of identifying hazards and risks of company’s activities through the formulation of the
IPER matrix, with the application of the OSHS the index improved, from 39.61% to 86.54%. Details for a 10
weeks period of evaluation are shown in Table 1
Table 1 Compliance with Occupational Medical Examinations and identification of hazards and risks before
and after the implementation of the OSHS
Before
(August, September, October, November 2017)
After
(February, March, April 2018)
320
Dimensions SGSST
Weeks
Medical
Examinations
performed
Medical
Examinations
Planned
Index Weeks
Medical
Examinations
performed
Medical
Examinations
Planned
Index
Occupational Health:
Compliance with
Occupational Medical
Examinations
10 0 10
IEO:
0%
10 20 20
IEO:
100%
Planning:
Hazard Identification and
Risk Assessment
10 61 154
IIPER:
39.61%
10 135 156
IIPER:
86.54%
• Implementation and decision-making:
An important factor in an OHSH is the training of workers so that they can take responsibility at work taking care
of their physical and mental integrity. In this sense, the number of workers trained and the hours of training
before and after the implementation of a proposed new OSHS were evaluated. The results are shown in tables
2 and 3. There was an increase from 52.78% to 96.43% in the number of workers trained and about the training
rate, and in terms of the number of hours spent in training the index increased from 53.66% to 96.77%.
Table 2 Training of personnel prior to implementation of the OSHS
Time
(August to
November)
Number
of workers
trained
Number of workers
programmed for
training
Workers
trained
rate
Effective
Training
hours
Hours for
training
programmed
Training
rate
10 weeks 38 72 52.78% 88 164 53.66%
Table 3 Staff training after OSHS implementation
Time
(February to
April)
Number
of workers
trained
Number of workers
programmed for
training
Workers
trained
rate
Effective
Training
hours
Hours for
training
programmed
Training
rate
10 weeks 81 84 96.43% 180 186 96.77%
• Inspections and Monitoring
Inspections were scheduled to verify the compliance of the OSHS compulsory activities. Table 4 shows the
results of compliance with inspections and monitoring carried out before and after the implementation of the
OSHS. The comparison shows, it was obtained an improvement from 59.71% to 97.44%.
• Audit
Internal audit is an essential activity in an OSHS. Table 4 shows the level of compliance of audits. It improved
form 33.33% to 100% after the implementation of the OSHS.
Table 4 Comparison of inspection compliance and monitoring and Audits before and after implementation of
the OSHS
Before
(August, September, October, November 2017)
After
(February, March, April 2018)
Dimensions del SGSST
Weeks
Made
(amount)
Planned
(amount)
Compliance
index
Weeks
Made
(amount)
Planned
(amount)
Compliance
index
Occupational Health:
compliance with
inspections and monitoring
10 163 273
IM
59.71% 10 266 273
IM:
97.44%
Audit: compliance with
audits 10 1 3
IA:
33.33%
10 3 3
IA:
100%
Details about Inspection and monitoring program after the implementation of the OSHS is shown in Table 5.
Table 5 Inspection and monitoring program after OSHS implementation
OBJECTI
VE
ACTIVITY DETAIL
STAFF
INVOLVE
D
SCHEDULE
2017 2018
Au
g
Sept
Oc
t
No
v
De
c
Ja
n
Fe
b
Ma
r
Apri
l
Ma
y
Ju
n
Ju
l
Total
REAL
%
321
Verify
compliance
with
standards,
procedures
and
controls
required to
strengthen
the safety
and health
system and
achieve the
objectives
set
Internal audit
Audit will be
conducted
Semisa
Company
personnel
P x x x 1 100%
E x x x 0 0%
External audit
Audit will be
conducted
OSH
Supervisor
and
Company
personnel
P x 1 100%
E 0 0%
Physical Agent
Monitoring:
Noise
To carry out at
the factory´s
facilities
Semisa
Company
personnel
P 1 100%
E 0 0%
Physical Agent
Monitoring:
Luminosity
To carry out at
the factory´s
facilities
Semisa
Company
personnel
P 1 100%
E 0 0%
Monitoring of
Chemical
Agents
To be carry out
at the factory´s
facilities
Semisa
Company
personnel
P 1 100%
E 0 0%
Psychosocial
Risk Monitoring
To carry out at
the factory´s
facilities
Semisa
Company
personnel
P 1 100%
E 0 0%
Monitoring of
Disergonomic
Risk
To carry out at
the factory´s
facilities
Semisa
Company
personnel
P 1 100%
E 0 0%
Equipment
Inspections,
Machines,
Tools
Monthly
inspections
Semisa
Company
personnel
P 1 100%
E 0 0%
Inspections of
lift elements
(25)
Monthly
inspections
Semisa
Company
personnel
P x x x 3 100%
E x x x 3 100%
Control of fire
extinguishers
(13)
Monthly
inspections
Semisa
Company
personnel
P x x x 3 100%
E x x x 3 100%
Work stations
Monthly
inspections
Maintenanc
e personnel
P x x x 3 100%
E x x x 3 100%
Inspection of
personal safety
equipment (20)
Monthly
inspections
Maintenanc
e personnel
P x x x 3 100%
E x x x 3 100%
3.2 Accidents at works
The results for this variable were accounted as accidents with temporary and permanent disability
Accidents of temporary disability:
For a period of 10 week of monitoring, Table 6 shows the comparasion about of the number of accidents before
and after the implementation of the proposed OSHS. At the beginning, there were 8 accidents with temporary
incapacity; it reduced to just 1 accident after the implementation of the OSHS. In terms of frequency, it was
found that the initial accident frequency of 0.0741% was reduced to 0.009% (reduction of 87.85%).
Tabla 6 Accidents with temporary disability before and after OSHS implementation
Before After
Time
(August to
November 2017)
Number of accidents
with temporary
incapacity
Frequency of
accidents with
temporary
incapacity (AF)
index
Time
(February – April
2018)
Number of
accidents with
temporary
incapacity
Frequency of
accidents with
temporary incapacity
(AF)
index
10 weeks 8 0.0741% 10 Weeks 1 0.009%
3.3 Implementation of Occupational Safety and Health Management System (OSHS) proposal
The proposed improvement of the OSHS that was implemented in the company that resulted in the reduction of
accidents at work.
Table 7 shows the activities programmed in the system that were developed from August 2017 to May 2018.
Table 7 Planned and implemented activities of the GSS proposal
ACTIVITIES
POLITICS
1
To develop of occupational safety, health,
quality and environmental policies
2
Communicate the policy to all of the workers
and exhibit it
SCOPE OF THE SYSTEM
3
Develop formats to be used in the OSH
Management System
PLANNIG
322
Baseline study
4
Conduct the baseline study of the OSH
Management System
Hazard identification and risk assessment
5
Develop the procedure and a methodology for
developing the IPER
6 Develop IPER for all jobs and work areas
7 Develop and publish the risk maps
Objectives, targets and programmers
8
Define objectives and goals in the OSH
Management System
9
Publish objectives and targets in the OSH
Management System in a visible place
10
Develop an annual programmer for safety and
health at work
IMPLEMENTATION AND OPERATION
Resources, functions, responsibility and
authority
11
Develop an Organigram and a Job Manual for
all jobs
12
Appoint an employer Representative for the
development, implementation and monitoring
of OSHS results
13 Appoint a security Supervisor
Competence, Training and awareness
14
Develop an annual training program, and an
induction plan for new staff
Communication, participation and consultation
15
Develop a means to ensure communication
between staff and management
16
Provide workers personal protective
equipment according to the work they do.
Documentation
17 Develop the OSHS handbook and procedure
18
To keep a record of delivery of internal safety
regulations of the OSH management system to
workers.
ACTIVITIES
Operational Control
19
Developing rules governing the conduct of
workers and working procedures
20
Perform pre-use inspections on critical
equipment
21
To have supplementary insurance for
hazardous work
22
To make a safe work analysis and get a high –
risk work authorization
23
Develop a procedure for a safe management
of chemical substances
Emergency preparedness and response
24
Define contingency plans and organize
brigades for each potential emergency
VERIFICATION
Monitoring and measurement
25
Assessing management performance against
OSH objectives and develop safety and health
statistics
Assessment legal compliance
26
Verify legal compliance, whether staff are on
the payroll or by contract
Inspections
27 Conduct safety inspections
Monitoring and risk factor
28
Record the monitoring of physical agents
(noise, temperature, luminosity, humidity and
others)
29
develop a chemical and biological monitoring
agents register and a psychosocial risk factor
factors monitoring
30
Develop a monitoring record of risk factor
disergonomic
31 Calibration certificates of the work equipment
Occupational medical evaluations.
32
Develop and perform occupational medical
examinations
33
Prepare aptitude reports and take them in
consideration for assigning tasks to the staff
Audit
34 Develop an audit procedure
35 Conduct an external audit
Accidents investigation
36
Prepare register of occupational accidents and
diseases
4. Discussion
The results of the evaluation of the implementation of a System of Safety and Health at Work (OSHS) improved
the indicators of training of workers in personal safety issues at work; also, operations of the company improved
the productivity and the compliance of labor regulations (Law 29783 and amending Law 30222). This is a
strategy of companies to improve their visibility and confidence with their potential consumers, projecting an
image of a responsible company with their collaborators. Those practices bring benefits as the improvement of
their processes and compliance with standards such as ISO 45001 (Castiblanco et al., 2020). For a proper
implementation of an OSHS, the managerial commitment, we participation of all the staff of the organization,
diagnosis and planning, continuous improvement and monitoring and measurement must be taken into account
(Lopez, 2016).
The study identified that compliance with planned programs within a management system is very important, the
commitment of those administering the system is fundamental to the success of a management system for the
safety and health of workers; also descriptive retrospective studies-Analytic help to realize an efficient baseline
to then implement the management system with the relevant improvements that result in a significant decrease
of occupational accidents, problems are overcome by ergonomic and mechanical factors, among others (Karimi
et al., 2020)
323
The most important aspect of the study was the decrease in the cases of accidents with work incapacity of the
workers of this company in the category of industrial metallurgy, reducing this indicator from 8 cases to a single
case for the same evaluation period (10 weeks) before and after the introduction of a new Occupational Safety
and Health System. This is due to the continuous improvement of the way in which activities related to work and
working conditions were managed, such as the use of protective equipment, awareness of hazards and risks
when promptly identified, training, inspections and monitoring of compliance with safety standards. Thus, in
Korea, a study showed similar results in companies that implemented the KOSHA 18001 system by lowering
their accident rate compared to companies that did not (Kim, 2021).
5. Conclusion
The implementation of a Management System for Safety and Health at Work allowed to the company the
reduction of frequency rate of accidents with work incapacity by 87.85%. In addition, it reduces the absenteeism
of workers due to illnesses acquired in the course of their activities, avoids financial penalties for non-compliance
with legal standards, economic benefits and a responsible corporate image
Acknowledgments
To César Vallejo University for academic support in the development of research.
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Reduction of the Rate of Accidents at Work through the Implementation of an Occupational Safety and Health Management System (OSHS) in the Industrial Electromechanical Industry