CHEMICAL ENGINEERINGTRANSACTIONS 
 

VOL. 51, 2016 

A publication of 

 
The Italian Association 

of Chemical Engineering 
Online at www.aidic.it/cet 

Guest Editors:Tichun Wang, Hongyang Zhang, Lei Tian 
Copyright © 2016, AIDIC Servizi S.r.l., 

ISBN978-88-95608-43-3; ISSN 2283-9216 

The Reliability Evaluation of Heavy Nc Machine Tool Based 
on Fuzzy Theory 

Xiaoli Zhu 
Weifang University of Science and Technology, Shouguang, Shandong, CHINA. 
909216955@qq.com 

The reliability system evaluation of heavy nc machine tool is the guarantee of safety production. And the 
reliability evaluation index system is the important premise in evaluating. In this paper, the reliability evaluation 
system of heavy nc machine tool is determined on the basis of scientific principle, systematic principle, 
comprehensive principle, hierarchical principle, dynamic principle, fuzzy principle, and feasibility principle.  
According to the linear membership function to determine the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation matrix, the 
evaluation of heavy nc machine tool is carried out by establishing the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation model. 
In the end, through the given data the simulation experiment is carried out to show that the method is scientific 
and practical. 

1. Introduction 

Nc machine tool is the work foundation of manufacturing industry while its reliability is an important research 
content. Analytic hierarchy process (AHP) and the entropy method are often used in evaluating the reliability 
of nc machine tool. There are many index factors which need to be considered and the calculation is much too 
complicated. In this paper, the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation model of heavy nc machine tool reliability is 
established using fuzzy theory(Cai et al., 2015). The relatively small amount of index is used to carry on the 
reasonable and scientific evaluation of heavy nc machine tool reliability(Lin et al., 2013). 

2. The establishment of heavy nc machine tool reliability evaluation system 

Nc machine tool reliability evaluation system has different treatment for different situation. The evaluation 
index reflects the reliability level of heavy nc machine tool from different angles and different sides.  According 
to the selection principle above, we select the following five indexes as the evaluation index of heavy nc 
machine tool reliability comprehensive evaluation such as the mean time between failures (MTBF), mean time 
to repair (MTTR), inherent availability (A), first failure time (TTFF), equivalent failure rate(D). Each index 
corresponds to the subsystem of heavy nc machine tool. The specific subsystem and the code can be seen in 
table 1. 

 

Figure 1: The hierarchy analysis diagram of heavy nc machine tool reliability evaluation system 

                               
 
 

 

 
   

                                                  
DOI: 10.3303/CET1651149

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

Please cite this article as: Zhu X.L., 2016, The reliability evaluation of heavy nc machine tool based on fuzzy theory, Chemical Engineering 
Transactions, 51, 889-894  DOI:10.3303/CET1651149   

889

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Table 1: The name of heavy nc machine tool subsystem and the code 

subsystem name code included parts 

main drive system S Spindle, motor, belt, spindle box, Spindle encoder and ect. 
hydraulic system D hydraulic station, hydraulic valve and ect 

tool holder M tool holder, cutter head and ect 
CNC system CNC cnc system, display, control panel and ect 

electrical system V power supply, wire, cable, electronic components and ect 

feed system F X/Z axis servo motor, travel switch, silk pole, silk pole encoder and ect 
lubrication system L Lubrication Oil Pipeline, oil pump, valve body and ect 

cooling system W cooling pump, air-conditioning and ect 
protection system Q Hood, protective door and ect 

collecting and transferring system K Cuttings Removal pipeline, spiral thruster and ect 
 
The hierarchy analysis diagram of nc machine tool reliability evaluation system is shown in figure 1.  

3. The structure of heavy nc machine tool reliability evaluation model 

3.1 The establishment of heavy nc machine tool reliability evaluation factor set and the determination 
of the weight 
The fuzzy comprehensive evaluation system of heavy nc machine tool reliability level is determined by heavy 
nc machine tool reliability evaluation index system. The specific details are shown in table 2. 

Table 2: The fuzzy comprehensive evaluation system of heavy nc machine tool reliability level 

Evaluation 
objective Evaluation index Weight Subsystem Weight 

heavy nc machine 
tool  

reliability level 
(RL) 

the mean time between 
failures(MTBF) P1 

main drive system S 1 
hydraulic system D 2 

mean time to repair(MTTR) P2 tool holder M 3 CNC system NC 4 

inherent availability(A) P3 electrical system V 5 feed system F 6 

first failure time(TTFF) P4 lubrication system L 7 cooling system W 8 

equivalent failure rate(D) 
 P5 

protection system Q 9 
collecting and transferring 

system K 10 
 
From table 2 we know that the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation index factor set of heavy nc machine tool 
reliability level is RL=( MTBF,MTTR,A,TTFF,D),and the weights are P=(P1,P2,P3,P4,P5). Each evaluation 
index is influenced by ten subsystems, of which the weights are =(1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10).  
P1, P2, P3, P4, P5 is determined by AHP, and comparison matrix is  

1 1 / 3 1 / 7 1 / 9 1 / 5

3 1 1 / 5 1 / 7 1 / 3

7 5 1 1 / 3 3

9 7 3 1 5

5 3 1 / 3 1 / 5 1

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

 

Maximum eigenvalue is 5.24, CR=0.053<0.1. Through consistency check, the weights we can obtain are 
P1=0.5076, P2=0.2642, P3=0.0698, P4=0.0382, P5=0.1201. 
Subsystems about reliability weight are determined by expert evaluation method. The results are as follows: 
1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10=(0.2,0.08,0.1,0.15,0.09,0.08,0.04,0.09,0.11,0.06). 

3.2 The establishment of heavy nc machine tool reliability evaluation set and the determination of 
fuzzy evaluation decision matrix 
Divide the comprehensive evaluation of heavync machine tool reliability into five dimensions(Angel 
Garrido.2010), namely 
N=(n1,n2,n3,n4,n5)=( excellent, good, medium, poor, very poor) 

890

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The corresponding score to its level is (0.9, 0.7, 0.5, 0.3, 0.1). 
According to the five determined dimensions, carry out a fuzzy evaluation to index factors, establish 
membership function and determine membership matrix, which forms a fuzzy mapping(Li, 2015): 

: ( )f P F N ,
1 2 3 4 5

1 2 3 4 5

i i i i i

i

r r r r r
P

n n n n n
     , 

And 0rij1, i=1,2,…,10; j=1,2,…,5. The fuzzy evaluation decision matrix is  

11 12 15

21 22 25

10,1 10,5 10,5

r r r

r r r
R

r r r

 
 
 
 
 
   , 

And rij  =A(Pi,nj) indicate that evaluation factor Pi is evaluated as the membership function of level nj (or called 
possibility) 
The determined membership functions of five dimensions are:   

excellent:
1

1, 9 10,

1
( 7), 7 9,

2

0, 7.

i

y

r y y

y

 



   




Good:
2

1
( 9), 7 9,

2

1
( 5), 5 7,

2

0, 7, 9.

i

y y

r y y

y y


   



   


 



 

Medium:
3

1
( 7), 5 7,

2

1
( 3), 3 5,

2

0, 3, 7.

i

y y

r y y

y y


   



   


 



Poor:
4

1
( 5), 3 5,

2

1
( 1), 1 3,

2

0, 1, 5.

i

y y

r y y

y y


   



   


 



 

very poor:
5

1, 1,

1
( 3), 1 3,

2

0, 3.

i

y

r y y

y





    




 

y is the score the expert given to ten subsystems under the corresponding evaluation index, substitute the 
score into the membership function, and we get the fuzzy evaluation decision matrix of each level factors 

R1=(rij)105, R2=(rij)105, R3=(rij)105, R4=(rij)105, R5=(rij)105
 

3.3 The comprehensive evaluation results of heavy nc machine tool reliability 

Using weight average model M(,+), according to the obtained weights of10 subsystems and its evaluation 
matrix, the fuzzy evaluation decision matrix of heavy nc machine tool reliability level could be calculated.  

1

2

3

4

5

R

R

R R

R

R











 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  , 

According to the corresponding weights of evaluation index, the comprehensive evaluation results of heavy nc 
machine tool reliability level can be calculated: 

891



   

1

2

1 2 3 4 5 3 1 2 3 4 5

4

5

, , , , , , , ,

R

R

Q P R P P P P P R q q q q q

R

R











 
 
 
   
 
 
 
  . 

Combined with the five dimensions of heavy nc machine tool reliability level comprehensive evaluation 
N=(n1,n2,n3,n4,n5), the final score of heavy nc machine tool reliability level evaluation is:  

 

1

2

1 2 3 4 5 3

4

5

, , , ,

n

n

S Q N q q q q q n

n

n

 
 
 
  
 
 
 
  . 

Evaluating heavy nc machine tool reliability need comprehensive consideration. If the final score of heavy nc 
machine tool reliability level evaluation S0.7, heavy nc machine tool reliability is excellent; If the final score of 
heavy nc machine tool reliability level evaluation 0.5S0.7, heavy nc machine tool reliability is good which 
needs proper correction; If the final score of heavy nc machine tool reliability level evaluation 0.3S0.5, 
heavy nc machine tool reliability is medium which means we should consider comprehensively whether the 
performance, economic benefit and modification cost of heavy nc machine tool need to be repaired or not. If 
the final score of heavy nc machine tool reliability level evaluation 0.1S0.3, heavync machine tool reliability 
is poor which means it should be repaired widely. If the final score of heavy nc machine tool reliability level 
evaluation S0.1, heavy nc machine tool reliability is very poor which means it could be given up.  

4. The simulation application of heavy nc machine tool reliability 

On the basis of experimental data, using the calculated value of five evaluation indexes such as the mean 
time between failures (MTBF), mean time to repair (MTTR), inherent availability (A), first failure time (TTFF), 
equivalent failure rate(D), the expert evaluation method is used to evaluate(Mark Ndubuka NWOHU.2007). 
And the results are shown in table 3. 
The evaluation results the expert scored are used into the membership function. We can obtain that:    

1

1 0 0 0 0

0.5 0.5 0 0 0

0.5 0.5 0 0 0

1 0 0 0 0

0.5 0.5 0 0 0

1 0 0 0 0

0.5 0.5 0 0 0

0.5 0.5 0 0 0

1 0 0 0 0

1 0 0 0 0

R

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

2

1 0 0 0 0

0 0.5 0.5 0 0

0.5 0.5 0 0 0

1 0 0 0 0

0.5 0.5 0 0 0

1 0 0 0 0

0.5 0.5 0 0 0

0 0.5 0.5 0 0

0.5 0.5 0 0 0

1 0 0 0 0

R

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

3

1 0 0 0 0

1 0 0 0 0

1 0 0 0 0

1 0 0 0 0

1 0 0 0 0

1 0 0 0 0

0.5 0.5 0 0 0

0.5 0.5 0 0 0

1 0 0 0 0

1 0 0 0 0

R

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   

4

1 0 0 0 0

0.5 0.5 0 0 0

0 0.5 0.5 0 0

1 0 0 0 0

0.5 0.5 0 0 0

0.5 0.5 0 0 0

0.5 0.5 0 0 0

0.5 0.5 0 0 0

1 0 0 0 0

0 0 0.5 0.5 0

R

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

5

0.5 0.5 0 0 0

1 0 0 0 0

0.5 0.5 0 0 0

0.5 0.5 0 0 0

0 0 1 0 0

1 0 0 0 0

0.5 0.5 0 0 0

0.5 0.5 0 0 0

0.5 0.5 0 0 0

0.5 0.5 0 0 0

R

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  . 

892

http://scholar.cnki.net/result.aspx?q=%e4%bd%9c%e8%80%85%3a(Mark+Ndubuka+NWOHU)&uid=WEEvREcwSlJHSldRa1FhaTdkci9YZHVMNC9ZeTR2YXFoMmpiM1pBOTgwRlJaQTF6OGxDQnEzYnU3RDZ4Q3NQZkNRPT0=$9A4hF_YAuvQ5obgVAqNKPCYcEjKensW4IQMovwHtwkF4VYPoHbKxJw!!&UID=WEEvREcwSlJHSldRa1FhaTdkci9YZHVMNC9ZeTR2YXFoMmpiM1pBOTgwRlJaQTF6OGxDQnEzYnU3RDZ4Q3NQZkNRPT0=$9A4hF_YAuvQ5obgVAqNKPCYcEjKensW4IQMovwHtwkF4VYPoHbKxJw!!


Table 3: The expert evaluation results of heavy nc machine tool reliability evaluation index 

Subsystem code MTBF MTTR A TTFF D 
S 10 9 10 10 8 
D 8 6 10 8 10 
M 8 8 9 6 8 

CNC 10 9 9 10 8 
V 8 8 9 8 5 
F 10 10 10 8 10 
L 8 8 8 8 8 
W 8 6 8 8 8 
Q 10 8 10 10 8 
K 10 10 9 4 8 

 
Using weight average model M(,+), according to the obtained weights of 10 subsystems and its evaluation 
matrix, the fuzzy evaluation decision matrix of heavy nc machine tool reliability level could be calculated.

 

1

2

3

4

5

0.8 0.2 0 0 0

0.66 0.255 0.085 0 0

0.9 0.1 0 0 0

0.755 0.135 0.08 0.03 0

0.685 0.225 0.09 0 0

R

R

R R

R

R











   
   
   
    
   
   

  
   , 

According to the corresponding weights of evaluation index, the comprehensive evaluation results of heavy nc 
machine tool reliability level can be calculated: 

 

 

0.8 0.2 0 0 0

0.66 0.255 0.085 0 0

0.5076, 0.2642, 0.0698, 0.0382, 0.1201 0.9 0.1 0 0 0

0.755 0.135 0.08 0.03 0

0.685 0.225 0.09 0 0

0.7543815, 0.2080505, 0.036322, 0.001146, 0

Q P R

 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 

 . 

Combined with the five dimensions of heavy nc machine tool reliability level comprehensive evaluation 
N=(n1,n2,n3,n4,n5), the final score of heavy nc machine tool reliability level evaluation is:  

 

0.9

0.7

0.7543815, 0.2080505, 0.036322, 0.001146, 0 0.84308350.5

0.3

0.1

S Q N

 
 
 
   
 
 
 
  . 

Due to the comprehensive evaluation score of heavy nc machine tool reliability S=0.8430835,it means that 
heavy nc machine tool reliability is excellent.  And heavy nc machine tool could be carried out the reliability 
evaluation repeatedly by multiple expert evaluation.   

5. Conclusion 

Following the scientific principle, systematic principle, comprehensive principle, hierarchical principle ,dynamic 
principle, fuzzy principle, and feasibility principle to select the evaluation index of heavy nc machine tool 
reliability, determining its evaluation system, using the fuzzy theory to establish comprehensive evaluation 
model, doing quantitative score to evaluation results, determining the dimensions of heavy nc machine tool 
reliability according to the scores, the method is simple, scientific, reasonable and feasible, providing a novel 
evaluation way for heavy duty nc machine tools reliability.  
 

893



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of Engineering, Science and Technology, Vol.2 (3), pp.107. 

894

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