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 CHEMICAL ENGINEERING TRANSACTIONS  
 

VOL. 46, 2015 

A publication of 

 
The Italian Association 

of Chemical Engineering 
Online at www.aidic.it/cet 

Guest Editors: Peiyu Ren, Yancang Li, Huiping Song 
Copyright © 2015, AIDIC Servizi S.r.l., 
ISBN 978-88-95608-37-2; ISSN 2283-9216 

Job Scheduling Management Research of Intelligent 
Manufacturing Based on the Internet of Things 

Guangrong Li*a, Yingfei Gea, Yunxia Wanga, Shengping Hub 
a School of Mechanical Engineering, Nanjing Institute of Technology, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211167, China, 
b Nanjing Bilin Software Company , LTD, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210008, China. 
grongli@njit.edu.cn 

In-depth and detailed requirements of intelligent manufacturing are analyzed for the virtual cloud enterprise, 
and it is explained that the process of the main task of job scheduling about intelligent manufacturing based on 
Internet of things. It is concluded that the relationship and associations among parameters after the research 
of the physical model and object model based on Internet of things. Parameters include the process of 
production and basic information data. Different orders are analyzed and compared for job scheduling 
condition, then it is concluded that to get the specific process of qualified products. The detailed analysis and 
disassemble program are carried on back business of work ticket and splitting business, which makes the 
management more rationalization and improves the efficiency of intelligent manufacturing. Finally the 
scheduling of query is carried on and other business query functions have been implemented, which is the 
solar panels of a factory production. The system of job scheduling is more reasonable and more efficient in 
scheduling management, which saves time and resources for the enterprise. This research could be applied in 
the job scheduling of cloud virtual enterprise. 

1. Introduction 

Cloud enterprise build the integration electronic commerce including Internet marketing promotion, services 
with the cloud promoting by independent research and development of enterprises based on the analysis and 
view of the present status of the international enterprises and the development trend of Internet marketing. Its 
core and basis is Internet, combining with the mobile Internet, network, communication network, Internet of 
things. It provides users with Internet marketing and operational solutions of convenient human nature strictly 
accordance with the standards. It brings the largest e-commerce application value for customers, creating a 
new generation of Internet marketing operation system. Virtual cloud enterprises in intelligent manufacturing 
do intelligent operations scheduling of manufacturing process usually in combination with the actual demand 
and the arrangement of production resources in the process of production, to reduce the waste of the 
resources and some unreasonable arrangements in the production process, and to save times of intelligent 
manufacturing and due to resource scheduling and arrangements [1] [2]. It is very important for the enterprise, a 
key role in terms of cost savings. 
According to the characteristics of the management mode, manufacturing system of virtual cloud enterprise 
can be divided into two kinds. At the same time the division of manufacturing system is in consideration of 
people-oriented, which is divided into workshop and workstation. Job scheduling in operation of the system is 
more complex. The scheduling problem is an important part of the operation control theory for manufacturing 
system. The ability of operation control decides the speed of the development of modern manufacturing 
system. Job scheduling of intelligent manufacturing not only includes the open job scheduling (Open Shop 
Scheduling Problem, OSP) and different job scheduling sequence (Job Shop Scheduling Problem, JSP) and 
mixed flow operation scheduling (Hybrid Flow Shop Scheduling Problem, HF2SP), but also includes other 
basic ways [3] [4]. For improving operation results, several kinds of traditional basic operating will be combined 
into a large problem, which is coexist and is analyzed in a manufacturing system. The problems of the OSP 
and JSP or a mixture of job scheduling problem, which is called to Mixed Shop Scheduling Problem (MSP) 
and is combined with OSP and flow operation scheduling problem (Flow Shop Scheduling Problem, FSP), 
have been studied by some scholars. It could be built to be a processing of a whole, which is combined with 
OSP, JSP and HFSP3 mode of operation, as the general job scheduling problem (Universal Shop Scheduling 

                               
 
 

 

 
   

                                                  
DOI: 10.3303/CET1546139

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

Please cite this article as: Li G.R., Ge Y.F., Wang Y.X., Hu S.P., 2015, Job scheduling management research of intelligent manufacturing 
based on the internet of things, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 46, 829-834  DOI:10.3303/CET1546139  

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Problem, USP). Its essence is the expansion of the MSP problem. Hybrid ant colony algorithm (Hybrid Ant 
Colony Optimization, HACO) has been also put forward for USP problem. Calculation results show that 
searching speed of the HACO algorithm and convergence of the two aspects are more advantage [5] [6] [7]. In 
this paper, these researches are done and implemented on the basis of the general job scheduling method, 
which are the main business of intelligent job scheduling, splitting and back business, research and 
implementation of the query function. These are a foundation for job scheduling of intelligent manufacturing to 
achieve maximum efficiency. 

2. Job scheduling management of intelligent manufacturing based on Internet of things 

2.1 Object model of job scheduling 
Internet of things is form the people and things, things and things, connecting together by such as new way 
using the local network or the Internet communication technologies such as the sensor, controller, machines, 
personnel and property, which is to be informationized, remote control and intelligent network management. 
Internet of things is the extension of the Internet. It includes all the resources on the Internet and the Internet. 
It is compatible with all Internet applications, but all of the elements in the Internet of things (all of the 
equipment, resources and communication, etc.) are personalized and privatization. Intelligent Manufacturing 
(IM) is a kind of intelligent man-machine integration system composed of intelligent machine and human 
experts. It can do intelligence activities in the manufacturing process, such as analysis, reasoning, judgment, 
planning and decision-making, etc.  
Intelligent manufacture of virtual cloud enterprise based on Internet of things adjust real-time relevant factors 
in the manufacturing operations, and schedule related materials and resources according to the online 
machining requirements and actual requirement, combined with the processing conditions of the enterprise to 
the highest efficiency of the best products. Intelligent manufacturing network of cloud enterprise usually need 
to online monitor due to various reasons in the parts production and processing [8] [9]. Intelligent manufacturing 
of cloud enterprise based on Internet of things usually monitor job scheduling of the machining center and the 
products production, and provides real-time suspending, terminating and querying job scheduling and other 
operations. It provides the business processing of production orders and the division of votes about unfinished 
work in products of job scheduling, which include splitting or being back to production orders. The business 
processing print tags for splitting work tickets again.  

 

 
 

 
 

 

Figure 1: Main business process of job scheduling 

Job scheduling work is very important and key in the process of processing and manufacturing for cloud 
enterprise. It is the production basis of processing center[10] [11]. A work plan creates a job scheduling, and 
create a product being processing under a job scheduling. There are a few products under a job scheduling in 
the late factory after splitting in this project. Data gathering can be done including undertaking tickets online 
and offline. If qualified, job scheduling in products can be done in undertake specific. If not qualified, the 
suspension job scheduling is stopped, then ending up job scheduling and restarting job scheduling. Job 
scheduling in the process of management can be operated, such as be suspended, be started, be terminated. 
If it is paused, corresponding working ticket cannot be online and be inspected, but the number can be zero. 
Because only one product online can be controlled in process of some machining center at the same time. 
This ticket is using and other work tickets cannot be online. Termination of the operation is done under the 
condition that job scheduling state of the products are all finished, and the job scheduling state should be set 
to end. Then job scheduling will not be able to use again. Type of job scheduling inheritance the type of 

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operation ticket plan, which also can be divided into "normal", "rework", "transformation", "splitting", "repair" 
five types. If the scheduling function is weak, there must are a job scheduling control in order to the 
continuation of the products of the company. 
A concrete object model is in Figure 2, including related parameters of the job scheduling and on products, as 
well as the contact between them. The specific process of job scheduling, online production status and quality 
status are listed in Figure 3. Job scheduling and production status in the online products are respectively 
planning, according to the production situation is unqualified. Then it is judged whether to stop or offline, and 
further completion. Quality status is judged to repair after the inspection process operation according to 
whether the qualified. 
 

 

Figure 2: Object model of job scheduling 

 

Figure 3: Part process flow of job scheduling 

2.2 Job work ticket splitting and back business 
Virtual cloud enterprise needs to do job work ticket splitting and back business when making parts online job 
scheduling and management [12] [13]. If one team of work ticket has been completed part of work, others will be 
done by the next team then. Because production statistics are done in strict accordance with the teams and 
groups, it needs to split into two work ticket, which is corresponding to different teams and groups. After parts 
of the production on a work ticket have been finished, the production can't continue because the fault of the 
equipment and mold. Complete part need to be gone at first. The two work ticket need to be split, and one is 
been gone to next process workshop, and the another one to be produced. When the number of plan working 
ticket is greater than the number of the physical frame storing for new products, the number which cannot be 
deposited will be back to the production orders to organize production again. The back action is only allowed 
to occur in the first process of extrusion workshop. 

 

Relationship_6

job scheduling

job scheduling number
machining center
planning date
product code
number
beginning number
completed number
working team
process route
scheduling start date
scheduling completed date
production order number
detailed planning number
state
report number
coded format
encoding type
product serial number
remarks
workticket number

<pi> VA12
VA4
DT
VA24
N6
N6
N6
VA2
VA2
DT
DT
VA8
VA10
N1
N6
VA4
VA16
N4
VA128
VA24

<M>

Identifier_1 <pi>

product being processed

manufacturing shop
job scheduling number
SN number
date of manufacture
process state
quality condition
the first sample logo
describe
batch
state
products processing center
working team
time of completion
repair sign
associated sign product
product code
original quantity
real quantity
scrapped quantity
the shift of production

<pi>
<pi>
<pi>

VA4
VA12
VA24
DT
VA4
N1
N1
VA128
VA12
N1
VA4
VA2
DT
N1
VA24
VA24
N6
N6
N6
VA4

<M>
<M>
<M>

Identifier_1 <pi>

831



 

Figure 4: Specific business process of job scheduling 

New work tickets for this workshop will be held under the job scheduling of the female work ticket about 
splitting in the system. New work ticket can directly be online produced, which is used to solve the problem of 
shifting groups without changing mold. The plan of job work ticket will be recreated for the next workshop. It 
will be produced after the reproduction scheduling. There will be a separate business function of printing work 
ticket label for the splitting work ticket, which will not be allowed to print again after the next workshop do the 
production scheduling. A fraction of the multiple work ticket under a production order is back to production 
orders only on the first working procedure. The new plan of work ticket will be released after a summary, and 
products will be scheduled and be done in group production. There are solutions if the split will lead to a lot of 
the work ticket of small non-standard box. But there are also differences or inadequate description: not being 
box business in the true sense. Box business will be actually implemented through the back for the first 
process of workshop. The comprehensive box business will be quite complex. 
Work ticket splitting and back business are done between public clouds and private clouds enterprise or 
internal between various departments in the process of production due to business requirements. If work ticket 
splitting and back business are done in the internal of public or private cloud enterprise, a demand of work 
ticket is sent from related production and production scheduling department at first. Then tickets are checked 
and confirmed to work shop. Detailed advices are returned back to the production department. It will be 
decided by joint according to the separation requirements and back reason. If work ticket operations is done 
between the public clouds and private clouds enterprises, depending on the actual need, the specific 
requirements of the production and orders, work ticket demands are issued by production enterprises, then 
sub companies accept demand and work tickets of actual production are verified and the details of the 
investigation are done. The feedback suggestions are given with the actual production situation. Work ticket 
split or back are finally made by joint. This is also the operation of different departments and different 
enterprises. 

3. Job scheduling query function 

3.1 job scheduling query 
Virtual cloud enterprise can often query the specific job execution due to various reasons in manufacturing 
process. In particular, the change of some parameters are queried in the process of job scheduling according 
to the requirements, which are such as specific staff scheduling, material production scheduling etc[14]. As 
shown in figure5 for the realization of the query function, the object of query includes the followings: planned 
date, serial number, personnel, material code, material name, production orders, specifications, production 
orders, plans quantity, starting number, finish number, finish date, product condition. And the specific process 
query of the online products includes work procedure name, status, process diagram, online SN, online time, 
quality status, plan number, offline number, scrap number, finish time, the production crew, production groups, 
process content etc. But these must be queried and gotten by the permissions of corresponding personnel. 
In the process of production query for job scheduling not only can happen between different departments of 
the same enterprise, but also between public and private cloud enterprise according to the requirement of 
manufacturing enterprises. Analysis of job scheduling and requirements query is done by enterprises or 
departments on the basis of production. And query request is sent to relevant enterprises or departments. The 
information is searched by special business sector in the case of actual production according to the database 
or location, which is checked and is feedback to the corporate sector to the final query result, so as to realize 
job scheduling query of the virtual cloud between enterprises [15]. 
 
 

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3.2 Job scheduling 
 

 

Figure 5: The implement of job scheduling  

Query instance of job scheduling is as shown in figure 5. It is a factory production of solar panels.  For 
example, serial number is listed the first column, starting with 7 series, 00 *. A specific number is added in the 
second column with 0111 b0900 * * number. Production orders are listed in the third column, coding for 
settlement - 03 * *. And material code is listed in the fourth column, code with 0213 * * * *. Material name is in 
the fifth column, beginning with a specific material abbreviated as ZYF, 090-500-500 and adding specific 
parameters etc. The specifications are listed in the sixth column, being the name of the specific components 
for solar energy. A production order is listed in the seventh column, which is 11110749. Starting number is 
listed in eighth column and completing number is listed in the ninth column.   The 8 and 9 columns is 
respectively expressed in integer count. The planned date is listed in tenth column, which are date and month 
and year, such as the 2015-02-11. The serial number for a particular process arrangement is listed in the first 
column as a specific process of inquiry of working procedure. A process name is listed in the second column, 
which is called for practical process. The SN of products is listed in the third column, being SN Numbers of 
online product. Online time is listed in the fourth column, including date and month and year and minutes. 
Quality status is listed in the fifth column, being divided into qualified one and the unqualified one. Plan 
number is listed in the sixth column. A referral number is listed in the seventh column. Scrap number is listed 
the eighth column. And the 6, 7, 8 columns are integer count. Completion time is listed in the ninth column, 
which is expressed with second and minute time and date and month and year. The production class and 
groups is listed in the tenth column, for the process name and number. Production shifts is listed in the 
eleventh column for day and night. Specific description is listed in the twelfth column, writing out the specific 
content of the process. Other inquiry of job scheduling and process can be also performed.  

4. Conclusions 

With the development of the Internet of things, job scheduling process is more and more important in 
intelligent manufacturing of virtual cloud enterprise. Its role is becoming more and more obvious. Job 
scheduling can help enterprises to adjust the allocation of resources in production. And some problems can 
also be found in time in the process of manufacture. The mode of intelligent manufacturing can be even 
restructured. It makes virtual cloud enterprise efficient cooperation, which can be highly integrated 
manufacturing share. The object of job scheduling is built and the relation among them is expressed. The 
query function is implemented by the system of solar pane. It can satisfy the practical production scheduling in 
the intelligence process of enterprise of virtual cloud enterprise by implementing the management of job 
scheduling resources query, which provides the basis for more efficient data and information sharing and 
provides reference for the cooperation model of cloud enterprise. 

Acknowledgements 

This project is supported by research fund project of Nanjing institute of technology (No. CKJB201201) and 
the support project of science and technology of Jiangsu Province, China (No. BE2011712) and the planning 
project of humanities and social science research fund of the ministry of education（ ）No. 12YJAZH151 and 
the college fund project of Jiangsu Province , China (No. 10KJB460003) and the youth project of humanities 
and social science research fund of the ministry of education, China (No. 12YJCZH209). 

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