cet: A Pathfinder

This is a computer-generated pathfinder created against the Distant Reader study called cet.

Each Distant Reader study carrel is composed of many individual items. Each item is bibliographically described with author, title, date, summary, and keyword values. Below is a list of the items' most signficant keywords as well as lists of the items themselves. Purpusing the content of this pathfinder provides the student, researcher, or scholar with one way to get their heads around the scope of the carrel. The keywords include:

Process; Production; Model; Water; Temperature; System; Gas; Heat; Analysis; Data; Chemical; Hydrogen; Carbon; Co2; Waste; Biomass; Oil; Pressure; Safety; Concentration; Time; Risk; Cost; Plant; Flow; Treatment; Power; Air; Storage; Surface; Acid; Management; Design; Removal; Emissions; Adsorption; Reaction; Liquid; Control; Food; Rate; Reactor; Samples; Growth; Fuel; Case; Assessment; Wastewater; Extraction; Odour; Materials; Network; Efficiency; Transfer; Solution; Systems; Compounds; Simulation; Catalyst; Mass; Explosion; Method; Phase; Properties; Performance; Soil; Material; Sustainability; Biogas; Engineering; Steam; Fire; Products; Impact; Supply; Optimization; Cell; Equipment; Cycle; Consumption; Quality; Combustion; Dust; Test; Degradation; Membrane; Conditions; Ignition; Coal; Release; Yield; Life; Wind; Value; Electricity; Light; Nanoparticles; Area; Fermentation; Effect; Development; Methane; Results; Activity; Capacity; Table; Bed; Use; Column; Metal; Size; Failure; Factors; Biodiesel; Total; Ratio; Tio2; Emission; Algorithm; Potential; Drying; Reduction; Parameters; Concrete; Absorption; Monitoring; Detection; Distribution; Strength; Flame; Set; Density; Decision; Starch; Health; Values; Sensors; Fluid; Plants; Index; Catalysts; Adsorbent; Lithium; Variables; Corrosion; Days; Events; Work; Polymer; Wall; Syngas; Building; Sensor; Distillation; Culture; Cellulose; Fruit; Velocity; Source; Training; Current; Biochar; Mixtures; Sugar; Ammonia; Transport; Stress; Hungary; Cooling; Students; State; Fatty; Wood; Moisture; Response; European; Group; Field; Dye; Factor; Cells; Olive; Packaging; Paper; Bacteria; Framework; Type; Zno; Frequency; Nps; Components; Fiber; Aaaaa; Yeast; Tea; Biodegradation; Pva; Fruits; Prescontrofacciata.pdf; Interval; Dcp; Selenium; Kms; Microsoft

Depending on how this pathfinder was created, many of the bibliographic sections will include elaborations on the meaning(s) of the given keywords. These elaborations were generated by feeding the items' summaries to a large langauge model and asking the model to address the question, "What is X?", where "X" is the keyword. The result will be a few sentences of elaboration. Be forewarned. The elaborations are often plausible, but they should not be take as truth. Instead, they should be taken as points for consideration.

• cet-10200 by None (None) - 5.36E-01 6.40E-03 ESDa M M FH (0.437,0.574,0.705;0.413,0.574,0.735) 6.81E-01 1.64E-02 ESDm FH M M (0.449,0.584,0.712;0.426,0.584,0.742) 6.90E-01 1.73E-02 IIB; Immediate ignition barrier, DIB; Delay ignition barrier, ESDa; Automatic emergency shutdown, ESDm; Manual emergency shutdown 1030 Figure 2: Comparison of failure probability for safety barriers using EFST and CFST A comparison of results regarding occurrence probability of the top event (FPRS), its main contributing factors, including human failures, mechanical failures and process failures, and potential consequences of the accident scenario is shown in Table 3. FH FH FH (0.620,0.730,0.820;0.610,0.730,0.850) 8.11E-01 3.83E-02 BE.4 H M FH (0.605,0.709,0.807;0.585,0.709,0.834) Keywords: analysis; failure; fuzzy; probability; process; safety
• Risk Evaluation for Fire and Explosion Accidents in the Storage Tank Farm of the Refinery by Zhao, Jingjing; Li, Wei; Bai, Chongliang (2017) - P :Fire and explosion of LPG spherical tank, F1: Tank explosion due to overpressure, F2: Furthermore, ATA is used to analyze the fire and explosion accidents of LPG spherical tank, obtain minimal cut set (MCS) that affect the top event, calculate and sort the structural important degree of basic event, confirm the primary factors which affect the accident of the LPG spherical tank, and put forward appropriate prevention measures, thus improving the safety and operation reliability of LPG spherical tank. Keywords: explosion; factor; fire; lpg; process; safety; tank
• Optimization of Refinery Production Scheduling Based on Ant Colony Algorithm by Jiang, Weixiang (2017) - Figure 4: The comparison of product oil production At the same time, we compare the relationship between the amount of oil and energy consumption during the production cycle of one month. According to the production aim, the devices of oil refining production are classified into the following categories: crude oil separation device, heavy oil becoming lighter device, oil upgrading and oil refining equipment, oil blending device, gas processing plant, atmosphere chemical device, production equipment and product analysis centre. Keywords: algorithm; ant; colony; oil; optimization; process; production; refinery; scheduling
• Control of Heat Exchangers Using Complex Control Structures with Neural Network Predictive Controllers by Vasickaninova, Anna; Bakosova, Monika; Oravec, Juraj; Meszaros, Alajos (2019) - They analysed also robust stability, violation of constraints on control inputs and controlled outputs, energy savings, and overall computational complexity of the control algorithm. According to the IAE, ISE and V, the best control structure is the NNPC-based control system with and auxiliary control input. Keywords: control; controller; heat; input; network; nnpc; predictive; process
• Heat Exchanger Network Retrofit Considering Physical Distance, Pressure Drop and Available Equipment Space by Lai, Yee Qing; Wan Alwi, Sharifah Rafidah; Manan, Zainuddin Abdul (2019) - Heat exchanger pressure drop gets the most attention amongst all other retrofit constraints. On the other hand, distance pressure drop is highlighted in total site heat integration (TSHI). Keywords: cost; drop; exchanger; heat; hen; pressure; process; retrofit; stream
• Synthesis of Combined Heat Exchange Network and Utility Supply Chain by Cowen, Nick; Vogel, Andy; Isafiade, Adeniyi Jide; Cucek, Lidija; Kravanja, Zdravko (2019) - In the model, agricultural seasons (denoted by index t) have their durations represented by the parameter Lt, to capture the length of each season, with feedstock costs varying from season to season. 𝐴𝑝 𝐹 in Eq(6) represents annualization factor (in y-1), 𝐶𝑝 𝐹 represents fixed heat exchanger cost (in $), 𝑦𝑝,𝑖,𝑗,𝑘 represents binary variable which indicates the existence or otherwise of a heat exchanger in plant p, 𝐴𝑝 𝐶 represents heat exchanger area cost (in $/m2), 𝐴𝑝 𝐸 represents heat exchanger area cost exponent, and 𝐶𝑝,𝑗,𝑡 represents cost per unit of cold utility (in $/kW). Keywords: cost; demand; feedstock; heat; plant; process; supply; utility
• Energy Integration of LNG Light Hydrocarbon Recovery and Air Separation by Zhang, Ruihang; Wu, Chufan; Song, Wuwenjie; Deng, Chun (2019) - Air separation process is the most common type used in Chinese LNG receiving terminals, and the utilization ratio of LNG cold energy is only about 40 %. Results show the utilization ratio of LNG cold energy is increased by 35.77 %. Keywords: air; cold; energy; lng; nitrogen; process; separation; stream; temperature
• Process Integration Using a Joule Cycle Heat Pump by Gai, Limei; Varbanov, Petar Sabev; Walmsley, Timothy Gordon; Klemes, Jiri Jaromir (2019) - As a result, heat pumps have received considerable attention and development, becoming an essential energy saving technology. The idea of using heat pumps in Process Integration has been assessed in many recent studies. Keywords: cop; energy; heat; integration; jchp; process; pump; temperature; working
• Energy Savings in Cement Industry: Use of Heat Integration Approach and Simulation Tools by Ravipati, Disha; Singh, Shweta; Pandya, Harmitkumar; Dalai, Sridhar (2019) - Manizadeh A., Entezari A. and Ahmadi R., 2018, The energy and economic target optimization of a naphtha production unit by implementing energy Pinch Technology, Case Studies in Thermal Engineering, 12, 396- 404. It is an important design parameter for the development of energy efficient Heat Exchanger Network, as its value affects capital and operating costs of the plant (AbuBakar et al., 2015) Keywords: cost; design; energy; exchanger; heat; minimum; pinch; process; temperature
• Water Purifying by Gas Hydrate: Potential Applications to Desalination and Wastewater Treatments by Truong-Lam, Hai S.; Kim, Suhkmann; Seo, Seong Deok; Jeon, Changsu; Lee, Ju Dong (2020) - Figure 1: A concept for water treatments via gas hydrate process Several researchers have devoted their efforts to understanding the hydrate-based water treatment. Kang, K. C., Linga, P., Park, K. N., Choi, S. J., Lee, J. D., 2014, Seawater desalination by gas hydrate process and removal characteristics of dissolved ions (Na+, K+, Mg2+, Ca2+, B3+, Cl−, SO4 2−), Desalination, 353, 84- 90. Keywords: desalination; gas; hydrate; process; seawater; treatment; wastewater; water
• Process Modelling and Simulation of Fast Pyrolysis Plant of Lignocellulosic Biomass Using Improved Chemical Kinetics in Aspen Plus® by Jaroenkhasemmeesuk, Chawannat; Tippayawong, Nakorn; Ingham, Derek B.; Pourkashanian, Mohammed (2020) - This work presents a comprehensive Aspen Plus® modeling work of fast pyrolysis processes for lignocellulosic biomass based on kinetic reaction mechanisms. This work aims to present a comprehensive Aspen Plus® modeling work of fast pyrolysis processes for lignocellulosic biomass based on only main kinetic reaction mechanisms from Pelucchi et al. (2018), of pyrolysis process of lignocellulosic biomass. Keywords: aspen; biomass; model; plant; process; product; pyrolysis; simulation; yield
• Modelling of the Spray Coating Process with Biodegradable Polymer Solution for Production of Controlled-Release Fertiliser by Nguyen, Trung H.; Tran, An M. N.; Tran, Nghi; Trinh, Dung V. (2020) - 2.4 Analyze images to determine the size of the droplets and spray area Videos with a speed of 1,000 fps, which recorded the spray coating process, are transferred to MATLAB software. Table 2: The parameters of the spray coating process i Parameters Symbol Unit Dimension 1 Droplet SMD 𝑑32 m L 2 Width of spray area 𝐵 m L 3 Nozzle diameter Keywords: coating; image; process; smd; solution; spray
• cet-10838 by None (None) - A yield of about 20% (mg polyfructose/mg initial sucrose) was obtained; this value is relevant and confirms the successful of levan production process (Tabernero et al., 2017). This is an interesting result, because it confirmed as the SC-CO2 assisted phase inversion is a process capable to generate porous composite structures suitable for tissue engineering applications, whereas the increase of cell adhesion was produced thanks to levan properties and its chemical composition. Keywords: co2; hfp; levan; membranes; process; pvdf; reverchon
• Fault Diagnosis Algorithm of Chemical Process Based on Information Entropy by Ji, Cheng; Zhu, Xuebing; Ma, Fangyuan; Wang, Jingde; Sun, Wei (2020) - The propagation path of most process faults is identified, which is well matched with the fault description, indicating that the proposed method has a good performance on diagnosing process faults. Then in PCA based method T2 statistic, SPE statistic, and their control limits are utilized to detect process faults. Keywords: contribution; diagnosis; fault; method; model; process; root; variables
• cet-11163 by None (None) - Solar energy is the radiant light and heat from the sun that is harnessed using a range of ever-changing technologies such as solar photovoltaics, solar thermal energy, and concentrating solar power (CSP). Solar thermal energy uses the sun's energy to heat up a fluid to a higher temperature, then the heated fluid moves and heats water creating steam. Keywords: collector; demand; energy; heat; integration; process; storage; system; temperature; thermal
• cet-11166 by None (None) - CHEMICAL ENGINEERING TRANSACTIONS VOL. 81, 2020 A publication of The Italian Association of Chemical Engineering Online at www.cetjournal.it Guest Editors: Petar S. Varbanov, Qiuwang Wang, Min Zeng, Panos Seferlis, Ting Ma, Jiří J. Klemeš Copyright © 2020, AIDIC Servizi S.r.l. ISBN 978-88-95608-79-2; ISSN 2283-9216 An Input-Output Approach for Environmental Life Cycle Assessment of Cement Production Parinya Khongproma, Sirirak Champanoib, Unchalee Suwanmaneeb,* aDepartment of Industrial Chemistry, Faculty of Applied Science, King Mongkut’s University of Technology North Bangkok Bangkok 10800, Thailand bDepartment of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Srinakharinwirot University, Nakhon-Nayok 12110 Thailand unchalee@g.swu.ac.th To evaluate the energy consumption and global warming impact of cement production at macro level, this work provided the 10 sectors Economic Input-Output Life Cycle Assessment (EIO-LCA) based on 1990 - 2010 Thailand national economic data. In comparison with the Process LCA, the main contributions of energy used (84 %) and GHG emissions (91 %) of cement production were from the limestone calcination in clinker production and fossil fuels used. Keywords: analysis; cement; cycle; energy; life; output; process; production; total
• cet-11168 by None (None) - Recent advances on membrane processes for the concentration of fruit juices: a review, Journal of Food Engineering, 63, 303-324. Figure 3: Water flux and the solute flux as a function of ionic liquid concentration Figure 3 illustrates the change of the water and solute transport across the membrane as a function of the solute concentration in the draw solution. Keywords: energy; membrane; pressure; process; solution; water
• cet-11481 by None (None) - Claus process is the most diffused, well-known and deeply studied process that allows recovering, at the same time, sulphur and thermal energy from acid gases (Taylor et al. 2017). In the chamber, SO2 net rate is almost zero in the AG2STM, while, in Claus process, it was produced abundantly, as it can be seen by the comparable consumption rate of H2S and SO2. Keywords: ag2stm; carbon; claus; co2; h2s; process; production; syngas; technology
• cet-11487 by None (None) - i. Availability: Comparatively to quality management where conformity to standards can be assessed using hundreds if not thousands of products, process safety managers deal with an extremely reduced set of events. This vision has since then been widely shared in a large set of professional guidelines (EPSC, 2011) (CEFIC, 2011) and a safety science special issue on process safety leading and lagging indicators has extensively discussed the safety measurement issue without questioning this assertion (safety science special issue 47 (4), 2009). Keywords: capabilities; data; decision; key; management; managers; objectives; organizations; process; safety
• cet-1157 by None (None) - We mainly use the flow simulation software UniSim Design R400 to study the penicillin fermentation process, and draw the following conclusions: (1) We propose using the gravitation search algorithm to find the optimal parameters for the model and obtain the optimal kinetic equations for penicillin fermentation; (2) We establish the initialization module, supplemented medium module and fermentation tank module for the penicillin fermentation process, complete the simulated operation of penicillin fermentation and validate the feasibility of the process simulation technology in fermentation processes. Zlateva P., Denchev D., Simeonov I., Kaimaktchiev A., 2014, Mathematical modelling and simulation of fermentation process for citric acid production. Keywords: chemical; doi; fermentation; figure; initial; penicillin; process; production; simulation
• cet-1158 by None (None) - 100 120 140 160 180 200 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 10% MEA 20% MEA 25% MEA 30% MEA absorption volume flow rate m3/h ab so rp tiv ity o f C O 2 Figure 6: The relationship between absorption solution volumetric flow rate and CO2 load The simulation results show that when the concentration of absorption solution is fixed, CO2 load in CO2-rich fluid will be increasingly smaller with the increase in absorption solution volumetric flow rate, and the CO2-rich solution will be farther and farther away from CO2-saturated state. 100 120 140 160 180 200 0.70 0.75 0.80 0.85 0.90 0.95 ab so rp tiv ity o f C O 2 absorption volume flow rate m3/h 10% MEA 20% MEA 30% MEA Figure 4: Effects of absorption solution volumetric flow rate on CO2 absorptivity 3.2.2 Effects of absorption solution temperature on CO2 absorptivity The MEA solutions with the mass fractions of respective 10%, 20% and 30% were used as the absorption solution to simulate the absorption process. Keywords: absorption; absorption solution; co2; gas; mea; process; rate; solution
• cet-1159 by None (None) - Xu W.D., Zheng H.P., Lang X.M., Chen Y.J., Fan S.S., 2010, Recycling of natural gas pressure energy from high-pressure pipeline network. With the expansion of the liquefied natural gas market, the city's natural gas operators have also established their own natural gas liquefaction factory in natural gas station. Keywords: control; dcs; energy; gas; lng; pressure; process; production; station; system
• cet-11802 by None (None) - The efficiency of this system is further enhanced using process integration by identifying potential material or energy synergies between process units. Aside from this, economic and environmental benefits consideration are possible through integration of process units that could increase farmer revenues and decreased carbon emissions, respectively. Keywords: cost; graph; model; power; process; rice; sibr
• cet-11935 by None (None) - Koumi Ngoh, S., Njomo, D., 2012, An overview of hydrogen gas production from solar energy, Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 16, 6782-6792. Solar energy for hydrogen production has received significant attention in recent years due to its primary abundance as an energy source (Koumi Ngoh et al., 2012). Keywords: hydrogen; optimisation; process; production; solar; ssmr; tac; 𝐹𝐻2
• cet-11941 by None (None) - The remaining parts of microalgae cells can been converted in to additional products such as biogas or fertilizer in the remnant treatment section (Galanopoulos et al., 2019). However, centrifugation is currently too energy-intensive and costly to be a viable choice to separate microalgae from water (Kim et al., 2013). Keywords: biorefinery; chemical; cost; drying; energy; extraction; methods; microalgae; process; production; review; technologies
• cet-12205 by None (None) - Gao et al. (2021b) reviewed the existing literature on inherent safety from a different, more broadly oriented point of view, not focused only on detailed practical guidance of early process design. These papers appear to add little to the earlier described ones of the Park-team on early process design. Keywords: chemical; data; design; index; indicators; isd; park; process; safety
• cet-12210 by None (None) - Both types of safety devices have in common that predefined shutdown limits are usually set conservatively low to avoid an uncontrolled runaway reaction. Regarding multi-purpose plants, optimum protection for each reactor cannot always be provided by only one type of safety device. Keywords: criterion; device; mass; process; reaction; reactor; runaway; safety; temperature
• cet-12226 by None (None) - 593 Conclusions A resilient safer approach to cope with the oily waste generation in industrial facilities was established and systematically updated for ten years throughout the state-of-the-art and the lesson learned during its implementation in industrial installations from Cienfuegos Territory, Cuba. The goal of this study was to establish a resilient approach to cope with oily waste generation in industrial facilities. Keywords: approach; facilities; generation; installations; power; prevention; process; safety; waste
• cet-12227 by None (None) - The tools include, but are not limited to, operator competency, efficacy of process hazard analysis (PHA) and safety critical task analysis (SCTA). With that in mind: • Operators should be required to review, and be tested on, emergency procedures on an annual basis. Keywords: losses; operations; operator; pha; process; reactor; safety; transient
• cet-12228 by None (None) - Indeed, most of the current literature works have showed applications of continuous reactors for latexes with monomer content well below 50% w/w. Before proposing a BtoC procedure, several design factors must be solved: 1) Identification of the number of required continuous reactors; 2) Identification of a control loop strategy for the liquid level inside the reactors; 602 3) Identification of a temperature control strategy (that is, isothermal or isoperibolic) where the Proportional- Integral parameters should be dynamically adapted to address for the best control strategy in the different phases of the process. Keywords: control; min; process; reactor; recipe; series; temperature; test
• cet-12239 by None (None) - Even though immediate cause is identified as an unreported valve opening failure, accident analysis focuses on the operational flow, communication and signal transmission, i.e. the operational and organizational components liable to lead to unwanted events, when inadequately managed. The study of failure causes associated with corrosion and erosion phenomena are an up-to-date topic for evaluating and strengthening pipeline safety management (Milazzo et al., 2021). Keywords: accident; analysis; mov; operation; pipeline; plant; pressure; process; safety; valve
• cet-12241 by None (None) - Many important information for the safety of a process are not necessarily instrumented and a lot of process data are not necessarily important for safety. There are many other examples of process safety accidents where subtle changes, discrete warning signs and weak signals have not been captured and recognized. Keywords: accidents; data; ignition; industry; operator; process; process safety; safety; silo
• cet-12242 by None (None) - Accepted: 20 April 2022 Please cite this article as: Wood M.H., Koutelos K., Hailwood M., Cowley C., 2022, Learning lessons from chemical incidents – What’s stopping us and how we can make it happen, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 90, 685-690 DOI:10.3303/CET2290115 CHEMICAL ENGINEERING TRANSACTIONS VOL. 90, 2022 A publication of The Italian Association of Chemical Engineering Online at www.cetjournal.it Guest Editors: Aleš Bernatík, Bruno Fabiano Copyright © 2022, AIDIC Servisi S.r.l. ISBN 978-88-95608-88-4; ISSN 2283-9216 Learning Lessons from Chemical Incidents – What’s Stopping Us and How We Can Make it Happen Maureen Heraty Wood*a, Konstantinos Koutelosb, Mark Hailwoodc, Charles Cowleyd a European Commission Joint Research Centre, Major Accident Hazards Bureau b Independent consultant c LUBW State Institute for Environment Baden-Württemberg d Cranfield University School of Management Maureen.wood@ec.europa.eu While the value of lessons learning is proclaimed far and wide by industry experts, recent accidents in OECD countries put into question the degree to which high hazard industries are using accident information effectively. Lessons learning has not advanced beyond the ‘acquisition’ stage Despite all the information collected in open sources and in internal company databases on chemical accidents, there is considerable evidence that lessons learning mainly consists of reporting. Keywords: accident; analysis; chemical; failure; incidents; information; leadership; learning; lessons; practices; process; safety
• cet-12248 by None (None) - Although heuristics can be very useful, especially when decisions have to be made quickly, such shortcuts can lead to various cognitive biases, affecting the outcomes of decision making. FTOPSIS is often used in decision making as quick optimization of the results and their ranking representation based on the similarity of the alternative to the ideal solution: Ci=di-/( di-+ di+), i=1,2,…, m (4) 723 Where dij+=∑ 𝑑𝑑�ṽ𝑖𝑖𝑗𝑗 − ṽ𝑗𝑗+�𝑛𝑛 𝑗𝑗=1 with ṽij+=(9,9,9) and ṽij-(1,1,1) distances from the positive ideal solution A+. Keywords: case; decision; factors; makers; making; methods; process; reference; risk; safety
• cet-12250 by None (None) - Instruction for furnace mode change • Instruction for abnormal situation • Work permit procedures • Incident investigations • Process safety event statistics • Safety climate questionnaire results • Guideline for writing operating instructions • Template for operating instructions 3.3 Group discussions Group discussion (focus groups) is a common qualitative research method, which was considered more useful for this project than individual interviews, due to the stimulation provided by group interaction. Accepted: 22 April 2022 Please cite this article as: Lindgren M., 2022, Improving the management and use of operating instructions for process safety, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 90, 733-738 DOI:10.3303/CET2290123 CHEMICAL ENGINEERING TRANSACTIONS VOL. 90, 2022 A publication of The Italian Association of Chemical Engineering Online at www.cetjournal.it Guest Editors: Aleš Bernatík, Bruno Fabiano Copyright © 2022, AIDIC Servizi S.r.l. ISBN 978-88-95608-88-4; ISSN 2283-9216 Improving the Management and Use of Operating Instructions for Process Safety Mats Lindgren IPS, The Swedish Process Safety Association, Rönngatan 12, 426 77 Västra Frölunda, Sweden mats@ips.se Keywords: instructions; model; operating; operators; procedures; process; safety; use
• cet-12515 by None (None) - Consequently the sample is characterized as less desirable compared to the WPI:pul–OEO encapsulation results. Oregano Essential oil (OEO) in particular, is extracted from the Mediterranean medicinal plant Origanum vulgare and is rich in such compounds (monoterpenes). Keywords: efficiency; encapsulation; matrice; oeo; process; pul; results; solution; wpi; zein
• cet-12546 by None (None) - Conclusions In this preliminary work the formation of GnIH particles using the SAS technique and the influence of pressure and ratio drug/polymer on the average size of the obtained nanoparticles was achieved with a wide range of conditions, always under supercritical conditions. In this work, microparticles of GnIH were generated using supercritical antisolvent process (SAS) and subsequently the process of encapsulation of the compound with a biodegradable polymer, Pluronic F-127, was studied. Keywords: antisolvent; gnih; hormone; particle; polymer; precipitation; process; size
• cet-12550 by None (None) - As shown in Table 1, bean fermentation led to a reduction of WAC and WAI, from values of 4.55 ± 0.03 mL/g and 5.53 ± 0.04 g/g, respectively, in RB samples, to 3.90 ± 0.14 mL/g and 4.31 ± 0.13 g/g, respectively, in FB24. Lactic acid fermentation of cereals, legumes, fruits, and vegetables-based foods can be considered a simple and economical way of improving their nutritional and functional qualities, making them healthy non-dairy carriers to prepare pre, pro, and postbiotic foods. Keywords: fermentation; food; growth; mixing; nigro; process
• cet-12553 by None (None) - Black garlic is produced through the natural aging of whole ordinary garlic under controlled conditions of high temperature and humidity for several days, without any artificial treatments or additives. The optimal process conditions and time were determined and the time of the browning of the cloves have been reduced considerably; the tests to produce black garlic are carried out with different temperature values (70-80-90°C) and different relative humidity values (70-80-90% RH). Keywords: black; content; garlic; humidity; process; temperature; vol
• cet-12558 by None (None) - Since the very successful article developed by Čuček et al. (2012) that reviewed the environmental footprint analysis tools for monitoring impacts on sustainability, the environmental footprints relevant studies from the PRES team have been widely extended, including water footprint assessment (Jia et al., 2021), energy footprint analysis (Klemeš et al., 2020b), carbon emissions footprint quantification (Fan et al., 2018), waste footprint exploration (Klemeš et al., 2021a), and Carbon-Energy-Water (CEW) nexus discussions (Wang et al., 2021d). Klemeš et al. (2017) have analysed the twenty years of PRES, Klemeš et al. (2021a) twenty- DOI: 10.3303/CET2294001 Paper Received: 04 June 2022; Keywords: analysis; chemical; covid-19; energy; engineering; environmental; et al; exchanger; fan; footprints; heat; integration; j.j; klemeš; klemeš et; klemeš j.j; optimisation; p.s; pinch; pres; process; transactions; varbanov; wang; waste; water
• cet-12559 by None (None) - Table 1: Definition of evaluated cases with integration in a pulp mill (CL: closed-loop, OL: open-loop, RWGS: reverse water gas shift process, CO2E: CO2 electrolysis) The paper presents a study of the integration of FT process into a pulp mill. Keywords: case; co2; gas; loop; process; pulp; reactor; rwgs; stream
• cet-12562 by None (None) - Chin H.H., Foo D.C.Y., Lam H.L., 2019, Simultaneous water and energy integration with isothermal and non- isothermal mixing – A P-graph approach, Resources, Conservation and Recycling, 149, 687–713. Chong F.K., Lawrence K.K., Lim P.P., Poon M.C.Y., Foo D.C.Y., Lam H.L., Tan R.R., 2014, Planning of carbon capture storage deployment using process graph approach, Energy, 76, 641–651. A study used P-graph to cluster and synthesize regional energy supply chains using biomass (Lam et al., 2010). Keywords: approach; carbon; chemical; energy; engineering; et al; friedler; graph; process; supply; systems; tan
• cet-12564 by None (None) - This study addresses the research question ‘What methodologies and modelling tools do industrial organisations use to plan and subsequently achieve carbon emissions neutrality?’ For instance, The European Cement Association’s 2050 roadmap focusses on measures to reduce GHG emissions of each of its five processes (CEMBUREAU, 2020); however, these are presented as individual steps for each process rather than a step-by-step pathway to carbon emissions neutrality. Keywords: carbon; dmaic; emissions; energy; methodology; neutrality; process; step; ü ü
• cet-12570 by None (None) - Figure 5: PCC process simulation results under selected condition 83 4. While for flue gas, the energy requirement is large (5.12 MJ/kg CO2) due to its low CO2 concentration and low pressure (Zhang et al., 2018). Keywords: ann; capture; co2; energy; flue; gas; heat; model; pcc; process
• cet-12738 by None (None) - The aim of this work is to propose and investigate a novel route for bio-DME synthesis, starting from the conversion of sewage sludge to hydrochar, modelling its conversion to bio-syngas, and finally evaluating the economic feasibility of a bio-DME production plant. Higher O2 content provides better syngas yield and leaves a lower quantity of heavy hydrocarbons in the final product but the gaseous product has a lower H2/CO ratio, which is not optimal for bio-DME synthesis (Inayat et al., 2017). Keywords: bio; content; cost; dme; gasification; hydrochar; process; production; sewage; sludge; syngas
• cet-12743 by None (None) - Optimization with MP models has now been integrated into mainstream chemical engineering education. The important role of integer variables in MP models was also demonstrated using problems in reliability engineering (Luus, 1975) and pollution reduction portfolio optimization (Kantardgi et al., 2006). Keywords: chemical; education; engineering; model; online; optimization; pandemic; process; programming; students
• cet-12746 by None (None) - Sampling of point dependences of gold recovery into productive solution was made by averaging the experimental results corresponding to each level (1-5). No. of experience х1 х2 х3 х4 х5 УG 1 12 50 25 5 30 12.2 2 12 150 45 15 60 15.6 3 12 100 35 10 45 13.4 4 12 200 60 20 240 57.4 5 12 200 60 20 120 44.6 6 20 50 45 10 240 48.5 7 20 150 35 20 120 44.4 8 20 100 60 20 30 16.7 9 20 200 60 5 60 19.1 10 20 200 25 15 45 12.3 11 16 50 35 20 60 16.1 12 16 150 60 5 45 18.8 13 16 100 60 15 240 43.2 14 16 200 25 10 120 32.6 15 16 200 45 20 30 12.4 16 24 50 60 15 120 45.4 17 24 150 60 10 30 17.2 18 24 100 25 20 60 13.1 19 24 200 45 20 45 16.6 20 24 200 35 5 240 49.2 The point dependencies of gold recovery into the productive solution were sampled by averaging the experimental results corresponding to each level (Table 5). Keywords: gold; leaching; planning; process; recovery; table; waste
• cet-12750 by None (None) - The design of chemical reactors is the heart of process synthesis, wherein the main goal is to generate the desired component or chemical (Foo et al., 2005). Different factors such as waste products, energy, and raw material consumption are considered for process synthesis. Keywords: chemical; energy; methanol; process; reaction; solution; structure; synthesis
• cet-12751 by None (None) - This paper proposes a novel intelligent framework for RON prediction of refining products and increasing product RON by optimising operation parameters. i i y y R R y y = = − = − −∞ ≤ ≤ − ∑ ∑ (5) Where 𝑦𝑦𝑚𝑚, 𝑦𝑦�𝑚𝑚 and �̄�𝑦𝑚𝑚 are observed values, predicted values, and average values of RON product. Keywords: data; gasoline; model; parameters; prediction; process; product; refining; ron; variables
• cet-12753 by None (None) - As expected, the membrane with the highest MWCO or loose UF membrane obtained the highest permeate flux with a value of 105.4 ± 13.3 L/m2.h, followed by the tight UF membrane with a value of 77.4 ± 11.7 L/m2.h, and finally, the membrane with the lowest MWCO or NF membrane had the lowest permeate flux with 51.2 ± 6.2 L/m2.h. This study proposed an integrated membrane system and using a theoretical balance was found that the colour of starch hydrolysates could be reduced to 53.6 % using three different steps of membrane filtration. Keywords: colour; feed; filtration; hydrolysates; membrane; permeate; process; starch; sugar; syrup
• cet-12762 by None (None) - In addition, Zhang et al. (2020) studied 1231 the process of air humidification for the humid air turbine cycle using a two-phase measurement system. First, the effects of water temperature and flow rate were investigated by experimental tests. Keywords: air; flow; humidification; humidity; process; results; temperature; water
• cet-12773 by None (None) - Figure 4: Photos of POM sphere treated in different methods: (a) untreated POM sphere; (b) POM sphere saturated in 1 % nigrosine for 48 h; (c) profile of POM sphere in (b); (d) hydrothermal processed POM; (e) 1 % nigrosine involved hydrothermal processed POM; (f) profile of POM sphere in (e) 4. Table 4: TOC results of the aqueous phase of hydrothermal processed POM under different temperature conditions (original water dose: 0.2 mL) (mg) 200 ℃ 210 ℃ 220 ℃ 230 ℃ 240 ℃ 250 ℃ 1 4.8270 4.6858 4.3692 4.4721 4.4370 4.4486 2 4.9517 4.7759 4.5738 4.3602 4.5021 4.1879 3 4.4258 4.2728 4.2354 4.4626 4.1583 4.4786 4 4.3945 4.5390 4.3580 4.5136 4.4434 4.4634 average 4.6498 4.5684 4.3841 4.4521 4.3852 4.3946 Figure 3: Visualization of entire process of POM sphere in hydrothermal condition (220 ℃, 2.32 MPa) Keywords: carbon; hydrothermal; plastics; pom; process; sphere; waste; water
• cet-12775 by None (None) - 1312 Sawdust reaches a 48% increase in calorific power at 280 °C and 100 min, something only comparable to that achieved by other biomasses in more extended periods and with higher temperatures, as explained in the previous section. Raw biomass and water were loaded, and before closing the reactor, gaseous nitrogen was injected to ensure an inert atmosphere. Keywords: biomass; carbonization; energy; hhv; hydrothermal; process; sawdust; temperature
• cet-12785 by None (None) - Merkel et al. (2010) studied different membrane module flow patterns for CO2 separation from flue gas from coal-fired power plants. Membrane gas separation processes from wet postcombustion flue gases for carbon capture and use: A critical reassessment. Keywords: capture; co2; cost; flow; gas; membrane; optimisation; pattern; process
• cet-12789 by None (None) - 3. Results and discussion 3.1 Relationship between coolant temperature and antioxidant activity of cucumber juice In order to discover the relationship between coolant temperature and antioxidant activity, the other parameters such as operating time, stirrer speed, and initial concentration of cucumber juice were kept constant. Keywords: antioxidant; coolant; cucumber; juice; model; pfc; process; temperature
• cet-12838 by None (None) - Total potential environmental impacts of a vaccine production process using Madin Darby Canine Kidney (MDCK) cells per unit of time and unit of mass for each case. This open-source software allows diagnosing processes from an environmental viewpoint by calculating both the output potential impacts and generated potential impacts of the processes (Gonzalez- Delgado et al , 2021). Keywords: case; cells; energy; impacts; influenza; pei; potential; process; production; vaccine
• cet-12839 by None (None) - The impact of wastewater matrix on the degradation of pharmaceutically active compounds by oxidation processes including ultraviolet radiation and sulfate radicals. 1. Introduction Dry cleaners wastewater is a type of effluent generated by a wide variety of industrial sectors that require the use of synthetic dyes with recalcitrant compounds (Urbina et al., 2021); worldwide, the emission of this type of wastewater is led by the textile industry with 54% followed by the dyeing industry 21%, paper, and pulp 10%; tanneries and paints with 8% (Samsami et al., 2020). Keywords: color; h2o2; mg*l-1; oxidation; process; removal; wastewater
• cet-12851 by None (None) - Conclusion The two example projects discussed in this paper illustrate the potential of motivating chemical engineering undergraduates to engage in design activity that is aimed at attenuating the environmental footprint associated with process design and operations. Perry, S., Bulatov, I., (2010), “The influence of new tools in virtual learning environments on the teaching and learning of process design in chemical engineering”, Chemical Engineerin Transactions (21), pp. 1051-1056. Keywords: chemical; curriculum; design; engineering; impact; process; processes; reactor; students; sustainability
• cet-12854 by None (None) - Once the process trajectory has been established, the power consumption from the grid �̇�(𝑡) is given by the following relationship: �̇� = { �̇� − �̇�, �̇� ≤ �̇� 0, otherwise (2) The difference �̇� − (�̇� − �̇�) is the residual renewable capacity after the allocation of the process. The recovered capacity �̇� is calculated as follows (the residual capacity is consumed to the maximum possible extent): �̇� = { �̇� − (�̇� − �̇�), �̇� − (�̇� − �̇�)̇ ≤ �̇� �̇�, otherwise (3) The difference �̇� = �̇� − (�̇� − �̇�) − �̇� is the wasted renewable capacity. Keywords: capacity; consumption; energy; power; process; trajectory; ̇ �; � ̇; � −
• cet-12864 by None (None) - The optimal mix for energy production was then identified by varying the number of converters for each RES. Hong Y., Eriksson M., Boström C., Waters R., 2016, Impact of generator stroke length on energy production for a direct drivewave energy converter, Energies 9. Keywords: data; energy; methanol; power; process; production; ress; step; system
• cet-12866 by None (None) - Another key performance indicator, specific for hydrogen, is the Levelized Cost of Hydrogen (LCOH), which considers the cost of hydrogen production process and is calculated as the ratio between the net discounted costs over the amount of produced hydrogen (Minutillo et al, 2021). This paper aims at providing reliable data for different hydrogen production processes at an early process design stage. Keywords: electrolysis; energy; gas; hydrogen; indicators; plant; process; processes; production; water
• cet-12868 by None (None) - Kumar H., Varma S., 2021, A review on utilization of steel slag in hot mix asphalt, International Journal of Pavement Research and Technology, 14(2), 232-242. Liu J., Li C., Lin C. W., Han L., Ning T., Wu J., Gui H., Luo Z., Liu T.; Lu A., 2020, Use of steel slag and quartz sand‐tailing for the preparation of an eco‐friendly permeable brick. Keywords: composition; eaf; energy; model; process; recycling; simulation; slag; steel; steelmaking
• cet-12874 by None (None) - In this investigation, SCGs oil extraction was maximised by optimising two process parameters, namely, SCGs-to-2-MeTHF ratio and extraction time. Table 5: Analysis of discrepancies on the results for the quadratic regression model for SCGs oil extraction. Keywords: extraction; model; oil; process; scgs; solvent; time; wt%
• cet-12875 by None (None) - Usage of the standard processes to boost hydrogen production will lead to an increase in greenhouse gases (GHG) emissions. These conditions also favor a higher H2/CO ratio which is essential for hydrogen production. Keywords: biogas; energy; hydrogen; nm3; process; production; wgs
• cet-12876 by None (None) - The performed calculations show that using membrane separation, a H2 purity of around 97 wt% can be achieved. Table 4: Product permeate streams after membrane separation Catalyst loading 40 g/(mol/h) 5 g/(mol/h) Keywords: ammonia; catalyst; hydrogen; membrane; nh3; pressure; process; purity; separation
• cet-12880 by None (None) - When performing hazards assessment of hydrogen systems, it should be always kept in mind that “air-tight” equipment doesn't necessarily mean also “hydrogen-tight”. The potential incident scenarios for hydrogen-producing electrolysers have been studied with a HAZOP analysis, and the most significative ones (with respect to hydrogen hazards) have been listed in Section 4. Keywords: air; equipment; explosion; gas; hazards; hydrogen; process; production; safety; scenarios; system
• cet-12882 by None (None) - There are many wastewaters treatment processes that generate negative impacts on the environment and it is necessary to require new forms of treatment, seeking to mitigate said impacts; Thus, in recent years, a physical phenomenon considered harmful has been taken into account, but now it is sought to take advantage of it positively to decontaminate and improve the quality of surface and waste water, we refer to hydrodynamic cavitation. Hydrodynamic cavitation in water treatment is a technology that is on the rise due to its environmental advantages as it does not use chemical products as is done with some traditional methods. Keywords: cavitation; chemical; coliforms; efficiency; energy; pressure; process; time; treatment; wastewater
• cet-12886 by None (None) - A convenient arrangement for batch process data is therefore a tensor- like one, namely 𝐗[𝐼 × 𝐽 ISBN 978-88-95608-95-2; ISSN 2283-9216 Data Analytics Can Help Reduce Energy Consumption in the Industrial Manufacturing of Specialty Chemicals Francesco Sartoria, Federico Zueccob, Pierantonio Faccoa, Fabrizio Bezzoa, Massimiliano Baroloa,* aCAPE-Lab ‒ Computer-Aided Process Engineering Laboratory, Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Padova, 35131 Padova PD (Italy) bBASF Italia SpA, Via Pila 6/3, 40037 Pontecchio Marconi BO (Italy) max.barolo@unipd.it Batch processes are operated following recipes that consist of a sequence of steps of given time lengths carried out in different pieces of equipment. Keywords: batch; batches; data; process; reaction; time; variable
• cet-12888 by None (None) - Yoosefian M., 2017, Powerful greenhouse gas nitrous oxide adsorption onto intrinsic and Pd doped Single walled carbon nanotube, Applied Surface Science, 392, 225–230. Accepted: 30 August 2022 Please cite this article as: Pierro M., Meloni E., Martino M., Pullumbi P., Brandani F., Palma V., 2022, Adsorption of N2O Using Fe-13x Zeolites – a Possibility to Make a Process Intensification by Using Microwaves for the Regeneration Step, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 96, 241- 246 DOI:10.3303/CET2296041 CHEMICAL ENGINEERING TRANSACTIONS VOL. 96, 2022 A publication of The Italian Association of Chemical Engineering Online at www.cetjournal.it Guest Editors: David Bogle, Flavio Manenti, Piero Salatino Copyright © 2022, AIDIC Servizi S.r.l. ISBN 978-88-95608-95-2; ISSN 2283-9216 Adsorption of N2O using Fe-13X zeolites – A Possibility to Make a Process Intensification by Using Microwaves for the Regeneration Step Mariaconcetta Pierroa*, Eugenio Melonia, Marco Martinoa, Pluton Pullumbib, Federico Brandanib, Vincenzo Palmaa aDepartment of Industrial Engineering, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, 84084 Fisciano (SA), Italy bAir Liquide, Paris Innovation Campus,1 Chemin de la Porte des Loges, Les Loges en Josas 78350, France mpierro@unisa.it Nitrous oxide is an effective greenhouse gas, which also greatly contributes to the depletion of the stratospheric ozone. Keywords: adsorbent; adsorption; gas; n2o; process; regeneration; tests; wet; zeolites
• cet-12892 by None (None) - The use of membrane separation processes stands out for being efficient, versatile and environmentally friendly. The aim of this work is to study the temperature effect in the performance extraction of Butanol from ABE solutions in order to optimize butanol extraction and, considering the effect that the temperature has on the transport properties of the aqueous solution and ionic liquid, as well as the effect on the thermodynamic equilibrium at the aqueous solution/ membrane and membrane / ionic liquid. Keywords: butanol; membrane; perstraction; phase; process; temperature; water
• cet-13053 by None (None) - The only category where sulfuric acid impact is higher than citric acid is in freshwater ecotoxicity, for 16,337.59 kg 1,4- DCB, due to superficial and underground water contamination from contaminated soil. Thus, there is a trade-off for using citric acid as a substitute for sulfuric acid. Keywords: acid; candelilla; cycle; impact; life; plant; process; results; scenario; sulfuric; wax
• cet-13061 by None (None) - Currently, solvent extraction is the most used method for PHB recovery because it guarantees a high recovery yield and keeps the characteristics of the extracted biopolymer almost unaltered. Therefore, solvent recovery and recirculation are essential to reduce process costs (Jacquel et al., 2008). Keywords: biomass; extraction; phb; precipitation; process; recirculation; recovery; simulation; solvent
• cet-13069 by None (None) - Keywords: gas explosion, risk based inspection, natural gas pipeline, atmospheric corrosion, API 1. A publication of The Italian Association of Chemical Engineering Online at www.cetjournal.it Guest Editors: Sauro Pierucci, Carlo Pirola Copyright © 2023, AIDIC Servizi S.r.l. ISBN 978-88-95608-97-6; ISSN 2283-9216 The Integrity of Equipment by Setting up RBI and Applying the OBRA Method Karima Bitchikh*, Aboubakar Kertous, Halla Khennous, Meriem Hammal Laboratoire des sciences et techniques de l’environnement (LSTE), Ecole Nationale Polytechnique, Alger, Algérie karima.bitchikh@g.enp.edu.dz Industry professionals rely on increasingly complex infrastructures where risk management is a key issue. Keywords: api; inspection; management; process; rbi; risk; safety; 𝑒𝑥𝑡𝑐𝑜𝑟𝑟
• cet-13079 by None (None) - Lindeboom R.E.F., Fermoso F.G., Weijma J., Zagt K., and Van Lier J.B., 2011, Autogenerative high pressure digestion: Anaerobic digestion and biogas upgrading in a single step reactor system, Water Science and Technology, 64, 647–653, Lindeboom R.E.F., Ferrer I., Weijma J., and van Lier J.B., 2013, Effect of substrate and cation requirement on anaerobic volatile fatty acid conversion rates at elevated biogas pressure, Bioresource Technology, 150, 60–66, Lindeboom R.E.F., Weijma J., and Lier J.B. Van, 2012, High-caloric biogas production by keeping CO2 in solution at autogenerated biogas pressures up to 20 bar, 1–17, Lombardi L., and Francini G., 2020, Techno-economic and environmental assessment of the main biogas upgrading technologies, Renewable Energy, 156, 440–458, Mao C., Feng Y., Wang X., and Ren G., 2015, Review on research achievements of biogas from anaerobic digestion, Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 45, 540–555, Martín-Hernández E., Guerras L.S., and Martín M., 2020, Optimal technology selection for the biogas upgrading to biomethane, Journal of Cleaner Production, 267, 122032, Merkle W., Baer K., Lindner J., Zielonka S., Ortloff F., Graf F., Kolb T., Jungbluth T., and Lemmer A., 2017, Influence of pressures up to 50 bar on two-stage anaerobic digestion, Bioresource Technology, 232, 72–78, Miltner M., Makaruk A., and Harasek M., 2017, Review on available biogas upgrading technologies and innovations towards advanced solutions, Journal of Cleaner Production, 161, 1329–1337, 5 Molino A., Nanna F., Migliori M., Iovane P., Ding Y., and Bikson B., 2013, Experimental and simulation results for biomethane production using peek hollow fiber membrane, Fuel, 112, 489–493, Mulka R., Szulczewski W., Szlachta J., and Mulka M., 2016, Estimation of methane production for batch technology – A new approach, Renewable Energy, 90, 440–449, Murano R., Maisano N., Selvaggi R., Pappalardo G., and Pecorino B., 2021, Critical issues and opportunities for producing biomethane in Italy, Energies, 14, 1–14, Nguyen H.H., 2014, Modelling of food waste digestion using ADM1 integrated with Aspen Plus. In the last years, particular attention has been paid to pressurised anaerobic digestion (PAD), which consists of an AD occurring at a pressure higher than the atmospheric one that can be achieved in continuous reactors (Gómez Camacho et al., 2019) or batch reactors by the addition of external gas (i.e. N2 or CO2), or by accumulating biogas, which leads to a gradual increase in autogenerated pressure in the headspace of the reactor (Autogenerated High pressure Digestion, AHPD) Keywords: acetate; anaerobic; bar; biogas; ch4; digestion; et al; model; pressure; process
• cet-13084 by None (None) - This paper analyses the effect of biomass composition in the HTL to assess its viability to be used to produce biofuels or valuable chemicals. Algae biomass is considered a good renewable energy resource, due to the no competition with food resources and are easily cultivated on various conditions even using wastewater (Mahima et al., 2021). Keywords: biomass; composition; compounds; htl; hydrothermal; liquefaction; microalgae; oil; process
• cet-13090 by None (None) - Among the various solvents and solvent mixtures, acetone–water mixtures offer an energy-efficient, cost-effective, and environmentally friendly means of lignin fractionation. The effects of varying the parameters on lignin fractionation were investigated in terms of yield and molecular weight. Keywords: acetone; fractionation; kraft; lignin; process; properties; system; temperature; water; weight; yield
• cet-13097 by None (None) - HTL reaction resulted following mass flow rates for the products according to the experimental results at the same operative conditions: 0.57 kg hr-1 oil phase, 0.216 kg hr-1 gaseous products, 5.18 kg hr-1 water phase containing 0.45 kg hr-1 organics mixture solved in 4.73 kg hr-1 pure water and 0.134 kg hr-1 hydrochar. In another work, Ramos-Tercero et al. (2015) investigated the effect of consecutive water phase recycling in HTL process of a low lipid microalgae (C. vulgaris). Keywords: bio; crude; energy; htl; phase; process; reactor; reduction; water
• cet-13109 by None (None) - It can also be noted that for high solid content the process severity does not significantly affect carbon yield (Figure 4c). 1. Introduction Global production of municipal solid waste (MSW) is increasing constantly in last years. Keywords: content; htc; hydrochar; process; temperature; time; waste; yield
• cet-13110 by None (None) - Failure Rate and Event Data for Use within Risk Assessments. Table 1: Risk Tolerability Criteria Risk Zone Risk Tolerability Criteria (events/year) Low Risk Area Risk < 1·10-6 Medium Risk Area 1·10-6 ≤ Risk < 1·10-4 Medium-high Risk Area 1·10-4 ≤ Risk < 1·10-3 High Risk Area Risk ≥ 1·10-3 2. Keywords: area; assessment; data; process; qra; results; risk; safety; use
• cet-13112 by None (None) - Process Safety Incident Investigation and follow-up Root Cause is defined as “causal factor with no predecessor that is relevant for the purpose of the analysis” (IEC 62740, 2015): applying this definition within the framework of a Process Safety Management System, a Root Cause can be identified as a deficiency of the Management System that allowed the onset of a causal factor. According to the Center for Chemical Process Safety, a Process Safety Incident is an event that is potentially catastrophic, involving the loss of containment of hazardous materials that can result in large-scale health and environmental consequences (CCPS, 2010). Keywords: accidents; incident; investigation; near; process; risk; root; safety
• cet-13114 by None (None) - Dust explosions in the process industries. Dust explosions in totally enclosed interconnected vessel systems. Keywords: area; classification; dust; equipment; explosion; hazardous; plant; process; zone; zoning
• cet-13119 by None (None) - On October 25, the Company informed that waste plastic pyrolysis activities at the site would be permanently shut down. When temperatures are high enough for pyrolysis gases to form, a valve is opened to a condenser unit in another room, which produces light and heavy oil. Keywords: chemical; company; explosion; plant; plastic; process; pyrolysis; reactor; recycling; safety; waste
• cet-13120 by None (None) - 2. Methodology 2.1 Definition of material use This first stage of the research was based on the search for a material with physicomechanical properties like the polymeric synthesis already developed in the laboratory, which was divided into two sub-stages, as follows: Determination of the sector First, a bibliographic review was carried out about the use of type 5 (PP) and kind 6 (EPS) plastics to delimit the sector to which the project should be directed, finding that there are several studies on the reincorporation of plastic waste, such as polyethylene terephthalate, high-density polyethylene, polyvinyl chloride, and polypropylene in different production cycles. In addition, the quantities of raw materials for the process, i.e., recycled PP and EPS, were taken according to the proportion of 90% PP and 10% EPS. Keywords: analysis; environmental; impact; material; process; product; pvc; use
• cet-13124 by None (None) - Nachreiner F., Nickel P, Meyer I., 2006, Human factors in process control systems: The design of human- machine interfaces, Safety Science, Volume 44, Issue 1, 5-26. Through this survey, the authors collected responses on the techniques and tools used by the decision makers to make decisions for the evaluation and optimisation of process control room elements, variables and their measures considered during evaluation, and the associated performance indicators for the elements. Keywords: control; decision; design; elements; human; operators; process; support; system
• cet-13134 by None (None) - The incineration of biogenic component produces CO2 that does not lead to an increase in atmospheric CO2 levels, so Carbon Capture Utilization and Storage (CCUS) can provide a path to negative CO2 emissions by producing energy and managing locally the produced waste in particular for WtE plants operating on MSW with a significant biogenic component. According to what is reported in the literature, there is a very limited number of WtE plants in the world coupled with a CO2 capture unit that could accomplish the implementation of CCUS. Keywords: co2; flue; gas; mea; plant; process; solvent; temperature; water; wte
• cet-13141 by None (None) - Combining this with an offshore plant that allows for direct storage of the captured CO2 capture without major transporting costs could also significantly reduce low carbon hydrogen production costs. Following the raw materials, carbon taxes costs (CWT) have the second most significant impact, almost 30% of the total cost. Keywords: capture; carbon; co2; gas; heat; hydrogen; process; production
• cet-13151 by None (None) - The main obstacle to gaseous H2 delivery is its low volumetric density, which would lead to excessive dimensions of the storage and transport equipment. H2 liquefaction occurs at about 20 K and atmospheric pressure. Keywords: heat; hydrogen; liquefaction; pressure; process
• cet-13172 by None (None) - Ecological footprint, http://habitat.aq.upm.es/temas/a-huella-ecologica.html Mancuso G., Langone M., Andreottola G., 2020, A critical review of the current technologies in wastewater treatment plants by using hydrodynamic cavitation process: Principles and applications. Investigation on liquid emulsion membrane (LEM) prepared with hydrodynamic cavitation process for cobalt (II) extraction from wastewater. Keywords: cavitation; chemical; effluents; energy; et al; metals; pressure; process; treatment; wastewater
• cet-13173 by None (None) - Consequently, evaluating the Oslo start-up phase in the worst-case scenario (7 g/L of sulfate ions in the feed stream), 30 kg of K2SO4 crystals were obtained. Furthermore, the presence of KCl influences the precipitation of K2SO4, i.e. the saturation limit of K2SO4 decreases from 115 g/L to 11.7 g/L at 30°C (Liu et al., 2015). Keywords: crystallizer; k2so4; kcl; model; plant; precipitation; process; production; simulation; stream
• cet-13182 by None (None) - Thus, process simulation software can be an invaluable tool to compare alternatives during the preliminary stages of the project. NET, which is necessary for updating variable’ values during process optimization. Keywords: coro; cost; optimization; process; simulation; software; user
• cet-13185 by None (None) - Leveson and Stephanopoulos (2014) presented a new perspective to process safety based on a control-inspired view, highlighting process safety as constraints in the control system, and failures represent violations of the safety constraints. Recently a new approach to process safety, based on a control-inspired view has gained attention, such as embedding model predictive control (MPC) with safety constraints developed from qualitative safety principles, for instance, HAZOP (Hazard and Operability study). Keywords: constraint; control; hazop; process; reactor; safety; temperature
• cet-13186 by None (None) - Francesco G., Sannino C., Sileoni V., Marconi O., Filippucci S., Tasselli G., Turchetti B., 2018, Mrakia gelida in brewing process: An innovative production of low alcohol beer using a psychrophilic yeast strain. Thus, the fermentation time was 7 and 3 days for the control and diluted beer treatments, respectively. Keywords: alcohol; beer; brew; brewing; content; process; production; table; treatments; water
• cet-13187 by None (None) - During coke production, coke oven gas is formed from the volatile content of the coal blend. The main part of the fuel consumption of integrated steel plants can be ensured by the continuously formed and properly purified by-product gases, such as blast furnace gas or coke oven gas. Keywords: coke; coke oven; control; flow; gas; oven; oven gas; process; purification; water
• cet-13188 by None (None) - In the first case, methanol production, and thus the associated income, doesn’t change since energy related variables don’t affect the plant power side. The case study plant is a 4MW power plant to design that would be located in Lazio and whose detailed properties in terms of process parameters and uncertain variables are better described in the following subsections. Keywords: analysis; case; chemical; energy; flexibility; methanol; plant; power; process
• Conceptual Design and Functional Modelling of a Portable Thermophilic Biodigester for a High Dry Matter Feedstock by Rossel-Kipping, E.; Ortiz-Laurel, H.; Gonzalez-Medina, E.; Amante-Orozco, A. (2017) - Rössel et al. (2013) states that important strategies have to be considered in order to secure safe production of food and fibers to feed the population, moving along a constant interaction between scientific and technical progress, while energy production is in great need and any development has to take into account to highest efficiency and low production costs. By doing that, there will be a new clean source for energy generation for Mexican highlands and at the same time hands-on a technology that allows to care for the environment. Keywords: biodigester; biogas; energy; manure; matter; process; production; rural; salinas; substrate; water
• cet-13497 by None (None) - So, legume proteins may provide a wide range of nutrient sources for a variety of proteolytic microorganisms, they can be mixed or not with milk and subjected to fermentation with various microbial consortia to affect the content of aroma compounds, including those responsible for “beany” off-flavours, with consequences on consumer perception (Ben- Harb et al., 2021). Introduction There is a need to decrease the part of animal protein in our diet, which means to increase our consumption in plant proteins, i.e. in cereals and legumes. Keywords: content; food; legume; plant; process; processing; protein; starch; water
• cet-13690 by None (None) - An energy efficiency analysis for a continuous pilot-scale system was conducted by Vallejo et al. (2021). Sawdust – Density 500 – 900 kg/m3 (20 °C) (Vallejo et al., 2020) Keywords: analysis; biomass; carbonisation; energy; htc; hydrochar; hydrothermal; process; sawdust
• cet-13695 by None (None) - (in Chinese) Liu Y., Wu X., Liu Y., Wang B., 2021, Global heat integration and optimization of coal to natural gas process. /CET23103146 CHEMICAL ENGINEERING TRANSACTIONS VOL. 103, 2023 A publication of The Italian Association of Chemical Engineering Online at www.cetjournal.it Guest Editors: Petar S. Varbanov, Panos Seferlis, Yee Van Fan, Athanasios Papadopoulos Copyright © 2023, AIDIC Servizi S.r.l. ISBN 979-12-81206-02-1; ISSN 2283-9216 Life Cycle Assessment of Coal-to-SNG/Methanol Polygeneration Process Jing Liu, Yu Zhuang*, Chao Wang, Jian Du Frontiers Science Center for Smart Materials Oriented Chemical Engineering, Institute of Chemical Process Systems Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China zhuangyu@dlut.edu.cn As a kind of clean energy, the demand for natural gas is increasing. Keywords: carbon; coal; cycle; gas; life; methanol; polygeneration; process
• cet-13701 by None (None) - Procedia Computer Science, 134, 393-398 Chen Y., Chen H., Zhang Y., Han M., Siddula M., Cai Z., 2022, A survey on blockchain systems: Attacks, defenses, and privacy preservation. More secure PoW or PoS mechanisms for adding new blocks can be researched as well. Keywords: block; blockchain; data; energy; hash; heat; information; integration; process; system
• cet-13702 by None (None) - The quantity of multiple utilities demanded above the Pinch regions corresponds to the quantity of heat utility consumed. The transfer of heat energy from a higher temperature to a lower temperature, known as cascading, adheres to the principles of the first law of thermodynamics. Keywords: energy; heat; integration; kwth; losses; plant; pressure; process; scenario; utility
• cet-13704 by None (None) - Run pH Electrical current density (mA/cm2) Simultaneous removal Cu only Cd only Simultaneous removal % Cu removal % Cd removal % Cu removal % Cd removal 1 2.60 1 93.31±0.23 33.31±0.17 98.01±0.02 35.99±0.23 2 2.60 2 99.71±0.00 80.88±0.29 99.55±0.03 95.14±0.00 3 2.60 3 99.75±0.00 98.34±0.05 99.41±0.01 99.76±0.00 Therefore, it is essential to balance the efficiency of metal removal and energy consumption when applying electrocoagulation in wastewater treatments. Keywords: cadmium; copper; current; density; efficiency; electrocoagulation; process; removal; wastewater
• cet-13708 by None (None) - Compared to firefighting, however, studies devoted to planning and optimizing evacuation plans in the event of tank fires, and particularly concurrent tank fires, have been very few. ISBN 979-12-81206-06-9; ISSN 2283-9216 Optimal Evacuation of Process Plants in Case of Tank Fires Nima Khakzada,*, Paul Amyotteb aToronto Metropolitan University, Toronto, Canada bDalhousie University, Halifax, Canada nima.khakzad@torontomu.ca Effective firefighting and evacuation as integral parts of emergency response in petrochemical plants play a key role in protecting human lives in the event of major tank fires. Keywords: dose; evacuation; fires; node; process; tank; thermal
• cet-13731 by None (None) - This preliminary work focuses on the development of safety indexes applied to the design of extraction processes of antioxidant and lipidic compounds from SCGs. Green extraction processes can be seen as an alternative to conventional solvent extraction, but may entail new threats that require further investigation, since the equivalence between green and safer must not be taken for granted. Keywords: chemicals; conditions; equipment; ethanol; extraction; max; process; safety; solvent
• cet-13733 by None (None) - Case study and methods Plant P&ID and procedures were recovered by combining several sources, including the well-known Mogford reconstruction (Mogford, 2005), the reconstruction carried out by the Chemical Safety Board (CSB, 2007), and different accident simulations (Khan and Amyotte, 2007; Manca and Brambilla, 2012). The human factors in risk analyses of process plants: The control room operator model ‘TESEO.’ Keywords: accident; analysis; assessment; column; fraction; human; plant; process; risk
• cet-13737 by None (None) - For biopesticides with a solvent ratio of 1:2 and the raw materials dried using a solar dryer obtained 47 grams of dried raw material waste. Biopesticides are obtained from the extraction of plants such as dried leaves, roots, stems, and fruits (Goncalves, 2021). Keywords: acid; biopesticides; compounds; dryer; drying; journal; leaves; noni; oven; process; solar
• cet-13771 by None (None) - Economic MPC (EMPC) has recently been proposed incorporating a general cost function or performance index in its formulation to consider economic criteria in process optimization (Ellis et al., 2017). Multi-objective optimization of methane production system from biomass through anaerobic digestion. Keywords: biomethanation; ch4; objective; optimization; process; 𝐶𝐻4; 𝐺𝑎𝑖𝑛; 𝑃𝑟𝑜𝑓𝑖𝑡; 𝑃𝑟𝑜𝑓𝑖𝑡 𝑚𝑎𝑟𝑔𝑖𝑛
• cet-13782 by None (None) - Figure 3: CO2 emission sources for a blast furnace and BOF steel production process (Global CCS Institute, 2015). It is well known that the production process of urea, as well as the further thermal decomposition of the same into CO2 and NH3 occurring in the SCR flue gas system, have a 259 significant contribution to GHG emissions. Keywords: agents; co2; emissions; gas; ghg; nox; process; reduction; urea
• cet-13794 by None (None) - Biodiesel from SCG was obtained by a two-step transesterification process, ultrasound-assisted process (Valderez et al., 2014) in situ extraction, and transesterification with supercritical methanol (Calixto et al., 2011). SCG To ta l p o ly p h en o ls ( m g C A E/ g) 334 4.3 Effects of DES pre-treatment Table 2 shows the results of SCG treatment with two different compositions of DES made by citric acid (CA) as hydrogen bond acceptor and choline chloride (ChCl) as hydrogen bond donor. Keywords: biorefinery; coffee; compounds; energy; et al; extraction; grounds; process; production; scg; value; waste
• cet-13799 by None (None) - Review Methods A keyword search of the following was carried out on the Scopus and Elsevier databases: Sustainable Pharmaceutical Manufacturing (SPM), process intensification, green metrics, continuous biomanufacturing (CBM), digitalization & I4.0, batch-to-continuous process operation, DT lifecycle, model-assisted design of experiments (DoE), advanced process control, process monitoring & control. DTs show great promise in translating complex data sets into robust process knowledge, enabling consistent product quality with variable process input parameters, transferring nonlinear bioprocesses into dynamic models, and combining advanced process control and green metrics. Keywords: control; et al; industry; manufacturing; metrics; pat; pharmaceutical; process; product; quality
• cet-13809 by None (None) - Figure 2: Simplified flowsheet of decanter centrifuge process under consideration. The main results show that in terms of oversizing processes for DSM purposes, a lower value of 100 % was found using dynamic optimization compared to 209.8 % using steady-state optimization. Keywords: decanter; dsm; electricity; optimization; oversizing; process; state; 𝐹𝑜𝑠
• cet-13811 by None (None) - Before evaluating the performance of pouch cells, the minimum amount of electrolyte required to have a stable and comparable cell behaviour was evaluated. Furthermore, a water-based manufacturing process to produce LiFePO4 electrodes was described. Keywords: cell; electrode; ion; material; phase; pouch; process; production; scale; water
• cet-14363 by None (None) - Pre-consumer wastes which are process waste, damaged/unsold clothing waste, cut-sew waste, end-roll waste, and sampling yardage waste (Jamshaid et al., 2021). The purpose of this study is to show an improved manufacturing process of a product within a factory which is focused to eliminate in process waste in order to achieve a higher level of sustainability in the production line. Keywords: air; bangladesh; fabric; machine; manufacturing; process; production; sewing; waste
• cet-14416 by None (None) - Processes using magnetic fields do not need to use high operating temperatures because the electron transfer in decomposing carbonate rocks can match the thermal decomposition process at high temperatures. Chernavsky et al. studied the effect of magnetic fields on the reduction of magnetite with hydrogen, with the operating temperature used being 350 oC and the general operating temperature being T>450 oC (Chernavsky et al., 2021). Keywords: carbonate; co2; field; flow; gas; process; temperature
• cet-14426 by None (None) - Inoculated compost, particularly with Chromobacterium violaceum and Pseudomonas luteola, showed a reduced C/N due to their growth, while Paenibacillus alvei and Lactobacillus collinoides improved phosphorus solubilization and reduced soluble organic carbon, respectively. This parameter ranged between 60 and 80 %, which is higher than the normal range established of 40 to 60% (Azim et al., 2018; Campitelli et al., 2014; Mehta and Sirari, 2018). Keywords: carbon; compost; composting; microorganisms; months; process; spanish
• cet-14431 by None (None) - A critical review of the latest findings on succinic acid production from lignocellulosic biomass was discussed, by highlighting all the key aspects of optimization processes at different levels of the process from pre-treatment to succinic acid production. Certainly new studies and strategies are still needed to overcome the weaknesses of the whole process of succinic acid production from lignocellulosic biomass. Keywords: acid; biomass; et al; fermentation; process; production
• cet-14444 by None (None) - The improvement in HY during consecutive PW recirculation, could be due to the progressive accumulation in the reused solvent of soluble conversion intermediates by hydrolysis and dehydration reactions. The effects of temperature, solid load and consecutive conversion phases on PW recirculation were assessed by using Ferula Communis plant residues as feedstock in HTC experiments. Keywords: biomass; conversion; energy; htc; hydrochar; process; recirculation; recovery; solvent
• cet-14452 by None (None) - kJ/kg FEED 3661.96 155.82 72.33 22.83 7.92 Figure 3: Exergy efficiency of process units calculated from exergy analysis However, HTG process is very energy sensitive and needs a good strategy of process and heat integration. Keywords: analysis; destruction; exergy; gas; heat; htg; process; system
• cet-14453 by None (None) - Moreover, sugarcane ethanol production is a more mature process nowadays, delivering a low-cost renewable chemical. Bearing all this in mind, this work analyzes the viability of the production of acetaldehyde via oxidation of sugarcane ethanol. Keywords: acetaldehyde; biorefinery; capex; electricity; ethanol; gas; maciel; process; production; scenario; sugarcane
• cet-14456 by None (None) - Figure 1: A model of digestate sludge with copper nanoparticle (Cu-NP) catalyst used in ReaxFF MD simulation of HTG process. 195 (a) (b) Figure 3: Evolution of number of different gas molecules against the simulation time of HTG process at temperature T=3200K in the case without catalyst (a) and with Cu-NP catalyst (b). Keywords: catalyst; digestate; energy; htg; process; simulation; sludge
• cet-14458 by None (None) - Higher hydrogen formation rates (67.33%) are achieved at elevated temperatures (800 °C), low pressures (220 bar), and low concentrations of black liquor in the process feed (0.60% wt), indicating a strong demand for water in facilitating this process when characterized for hydrogen formation. Thermodynamic approach results indicate that temperature increases tend to maximize hydrogen formation, an expected outcome considering that reactions with higher hydrogen formation indices are endothermic. Keywords: biomass; feed; formation; gasification; hydrogen; liquor; process; products; temperature; water
• cet-14467 by None (None) - Another approach involves hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) and the production of hydrochar (HY), with the combined AD+HTC process aiming to reduce sludge production and enhance biogas production (Ferrentino, Merzari, Fiori, & Andreottola, 2020). The solid HTC by-product seems to be a good accelerator of methane production. Keywords: anaerobic; biochar; digestion; hydrochar; methane; process; production; sewage; sludge
• cet-14469 by None (None) - The first part reviews the state-of-the-art of strategies and approaches for the modelling of biomass conversion processes by highlighting the benefits and drawbacks of short-cut, data-driven, and rigorous models (Martin et al., 2023). The development of rigorous models is time-consuming and requires large datasets for validation. Keywords: biomass; chemical; conversion; data; design; modelling; models; process; pyrolysis; scale; sub
• cet-14472 by None (None) - Reduced pression [mBar] Rotation speed [RRU] %ABV Productivity [L/h]. Productivity and b) %ABV. Keywords: abv; compounds; conditions; cost; distillation; ethanol; fermentation; process; productivity; simulation; soursop; yeast
• cet-14491 by None (None) - al. (2022) where similar conditions were found in high cellulose recovery. These conditions were selected with the goal of almost completely degrading hemicellulose while maximizing cellulose recovery. Keywords: acid; autohydrolysis; cellulose; lignin; organosolv; process; recovery; solid; treatment
• cet-14642 by None (None) - This paper draws upon a foundational systematic literature review and preliminary survey results to propose a resilience-based integrated framework for process safety and process security risk management. This multifaceted strategy is foundational to fostering a resilient environment conducive to integrating process safety and process security risk management, setting the stage for the STAMP- based integrated framework discussed in subsequent sections. Keywords: framework; management; process; process safety; process security; resilience; risk; safety; security
• cet-14644 by None (None) - 146 3. Results 3.1 Bibliometric analysis A specific bibliometric analysis was used to identify connections among emerging topics and research interest in the framework of quantitative resilience assessment of industrial plants to Natech events. Generic metrics and quantitative approaches for system resilience as a function of time. Keywords: assessment; et al; events; natech; process; resilience
• cet-14645 by None (None) - Among emerging solar technologies, Perovskite Solar Cells (PSCs) and Organic Solar Cells (OSCs) stand out due to their improved conversion efficiency potential, low production costs, and low environmental impact. These novel technologies, marked by unique properties such as high efficiency, flexibility and lightweight design, low production costs, and reduced environmental impacts, have gained attention for their potential to overcome certain limitations of silicon-based panels (B. Chen et al., 2023). Keywords: analysis; cells; horam; oscs; process; production; pscs; risk; technologies; variables
• cet-14646 by None (None) - Baraschino R., Baltzopoulos G., Iervolino, I., 2020, R2R-EU: Software for fragility fitting and evaluation of estimation uncertainty in seismic risk analysis, Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering, 132. The objective of the study presented in the paper is to simulate the behaviour of such towers when subjected to earthquake-induced ground shaking, with the goal of numerically deriving seismic fragility models. Keywords: analysis; base; failure; figure; fragility; plate; pressure; process; skirt; towers
• cet-14650 by None (None) - Similarly, also the classical methodologies dedicated to process plant Security Vulnerability/Risk Assessment (SVA/SRA) such as the VAM-CF, the CCPS SVA, the API RP 780 SRA, and the majority of academic contributions, lack in reproducibility in application or do not assess the actual link between manipulations, consequences, and likelihood (Bajpai & Gupta, 2018).While there are studies in the literature (including previous works of the Authors) focused on the analysis of the possible scenarios that can be triggered by the deliberate manipulation of the BPCS and the SIS in plants where large quantities of dangerous substances are processed and/or stored (Cherdantseva et al., 2016), there are no works with scope on drinking water treatment plants. While the risks deriving from the malicious manipulation of the Basic Process Control System (BPCS) and the Safety Instrumented System (SIS) in chemical and Oil&Gas facilities have been systematically analysed in the available literature, including previous works of the Authors, the analysis of the consequences of cyber-attacks to drinking water treatment plants has not been conducted to date. Keywords: plant; process; scenarios; step; system; water
• cet-14654 by None (None) - These technologies can be used for safety training by offering significant benefits due to immersive but risk-free learning. Towards a more reliable model to overcome evaluation issues in safety training, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 36, 67-72. Keywords: culture; education; environment; factors; human; process; risk; safety; systems; training; work
• cet-14655 by None (None) - Thus, intermittent rest is recommended.  Area 3 (A3: higher fatigue state): in this area, belonging values of the fatigue state are higher than those of the non-fatigue state. Moreover, it is also valuable to encompass the development of a personalized scale for determining the optimal rest period, aligning with our research on fatigue states. Keywords: analysis; classifier; component; fatigue; industries; logic; process; state
• cet-14660 by None (None) - Rossi, F., Li, Y., Gambelli, A.M. Thermodynamic and kinetic description of the main effects related to the memory effect during carbon dioxide hydrates formation in a confined environment. Conclusions The present study deals with carbon dioxide hydrates production with liquid mixtures containing fresh water and glucose, added to the system at different concentrations. Keywords: concentrations; formation; glucose; hydrates; process; production; water
• cet-14665 by None (None) - This paper describes the integration of virtual training into newly recruited firefighters preparing in the area of entering enclosed spaces and investigates its benefits. This paper aims to describe the integration of virtual training for newly recruited firefighters, with a focus on entering enclosed spaces. Keywords: decision; firefighters; group; process; research; results; simulation; training; xvr
• cet-14687 by None (None) - The potential of this tool for investigating hydrogen refueling processes is the main goal of this paper. Therefore, along with the extensive fuel cell vehicle use, a widespread network of hydrogen refueling stations (HRSs) is required for an adequate and smooth transition towards zero-emission transport. Keywords: energy; flow; hrs; hydrogen; pressure; process; refueling; risk; safety; tank; tool
• cet-14711 by None (None) - The study I consider the legislation existing in the country to guarantee the protection and safety of workers during the management of paiche skin tanning, considering the use of chromium oxide as a high risk for the health of workers, the regulations are still insufficient and the protection and security of the workers. Paiche skin leather resulting was resistant and moldable, with a bending resistance capacity that exceeded 30,000 bends without deformation, thus providing greater tear resistance T1 (146.23 N) and T5 (143.12 N), and greater traction in T4 (16.62 N/mm2), Furthermore, the leather had ashes less than 1 %, humidity less than 9%, and chromium oxide content by below 1.5%. Keywords: health; mimosa; paiche; process; quebracho; safety; skin; tanning; treatments
• cet-14719 by None (None) - Although the document regarding the average number of lightning strikes per year and square kilometer in Italian municipalities, assigned values of Ng to three different areas in Italy as 4, 2.5, or 1.5 lightning per year per km2 respectively (Sabatino and Cordisco, 2013), no longer holds normative status, it can be used as a first glance to associate lightning territorial vulnerability to MHI distribution. These macro-sectors are frequently located in areas with medium to high lightning density on the ground, and they are also among the most vulnerable to lightning strikes, according to a historical analysis of lightning-triggered NaTech events. Keywords: events; lightning; macro; natech; process; strikes
• cet-14723 by None (None) - In this context, an analysis of carbon footprint was conducted in an environmental consulting company located in Bucaramanga, Colombia. These results provided crucial information on the environmental impact and carbon footprint associated with each process within the company's operations, facilitating informed decision making. Keywords: analysis; carbon; carbon footprint; co2; company; consumption; emissions; energy; footprint; laboratory; process; total
• cet-14740 by None (None) - Nowadays, several technologies are available to reduce process plant emissions, such as Carbon Capture, Utilization and Storage (CCUS), that have started to be considered also for processes producing biogenic CO2, as in Waste-to-Energy (WtE) plants (Pellegrini et al., 2023, Moioli et al., 2024). Conclusions This work has focused on the study of CO2 removal within the context of a steel plant. Keywords: absorption; chemical; co2; column; gas; plant; process; regeneration; solvent; steel
• cet-1477 by None (None) - Therefore, hydrogen production from renewable sources such as glycerol, is gaining attention. This article reviews on the latest development on hydrogen production from biodiesel waste. Keywords: biodiesel; energy; et al; glycerol; hydrogen; hydrogen production; process; production; reaction; reforming; steam; temperature
• cet-14801 by None (None) - Response surface methodology (RSM) Box-Benken design (BBD) was utilised to investigate the impact of critical process parameters: temperature, co-substrate loading rate, and Biochar loading rate on biogas yield. According to Moretta (2023), enhancing biogas yield and quality can be achieved by implementing process optimization techniques, such as substrate pretreatment procedures and the utilization of additional materials (Obileke et al., 2024). Keywords: anaerobic; biochar; biogas; digestion; loading; process; yield
• cet-14804 by None (None) - PLA production boasts energy efficiency, consuming 25 % - 55 % less energy than petroleum-based polymers, with the potential for further reductions in the future. The total annual plant capacity for PLA production, sourced from imports in China, South Korea, Italy, and Belgium, stands at precisely 30,032 t. Table 1: Plant Capacity of PLA based on PLA imports in China, South Korea, Italy, and Keywords: acid; cost; demand; market; philippines; php; pla; plant; polymerization; process; production; weight
• cet-14959 by None (None) - Different research studies have been conducted on the design of solar thermal networks using PTC technology to define the most suitable design methodology. They compared the performance of these hybrid systems to solar thermal networks consisting of only one of these collector types. Keywords: energy; factor; process; solar; temperature; winter; 𝑇𝑖𝑛; 𝑇𝑜𝑏𝑗
• cet-14982 by None (None) - b) Dynamic characteristics of coal supply during the load-up process in 830-1,000 MW range Effect of load intervals on energy consumption during load-up process The total coal supply and average coal consumption rate during the load-up process at different intervals are depicted in Figure 6. In contrast, within the range of 830-1,000 MW, the variation in coal supply rate follows a slow and steady increase along with the load. Keywords: characteristics; coal; energy; load; model; process; rate; unit
• cet-14985 by None (None) - Balassa Eisinger B., Buics L., 2024, The potential of the P-graph for optimizing public service processes. This method not only enhances process efficiency and resource allocation but also aligns with sustainability objectives, marking a significant stride in sustainable public service practices. Keywords: administrators; graph; management; process; resource; scenario; stage; students; sustainability
• cet-14986 by None (None) - Using the co-production method to investigate the relationship between sustainability and decision-making in public administration processes, Wyborn et al. (2019) present a new approach to sustainability studies. The goal of this research is to introduce the P-Graph methodology as a new analytical process in the field of public administration processes as a novelty, showing how this application can be utilized to gain deeper understanding and quantifiable results in comparison to other process analysis methods, leading to more detailed improvement suggestions. Keywords: administration; administrators; documentation; enrollment; graph; management; process; public; sustainability; time; university
• cet-14987 by None (None) - Ghosh S., Seethamraju S., 2021, Process intensification with a polar solvent in liquid phase methanol synthesis. CO2 conversion rate of 98.27 % and final methanol production of 100.15 kt/y. 1 POWER POWER 2 3 H2 CO2 TEGDME 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 POWE R Reactor Mcomp1 Mcomp2 Comp Mix1 Mix2 Mix3 Valve Flash 1 Flash 2 Pump HE1 HE2 HE3 HE4 HE5 DIST1 DIST2 MeOH H2O MC MS GS MD Figure 4: Liquid-phase synthesis of methanol cycle process flow (Process 2) Keywords: co2; conversion; energy; liquid; methanol; phase; process; production; reaction; solvent; synthesis
• cet-14988 by None (None) - The proposed modified CtBDO process is referred to as the AWE-CtBDO process, which includes the AWE process, PCGwGH-CtM process, GSM process, FS process, AS process, EF process, and BDO process. This paper proposes a process reconfiguration for producing 1,4-butanediol by integrating the AWE hydrogen production process, coal-to- methanol process coupled with green hydrogen, and calcium carbide production process using coal-coke- electricity grading substitution method. Keywords: carbide; carbon; coal; ctbdo; emissions; energy; gas; hydrogen; process; production; reconfiguration; unit
• cet-14989 by None (None) - de Oca I.M.M., Snoeck M., Reijers H.A., Rodríguez-Morffi A. 2015, A systematic literature review of studies on business process modeling quality. It potentially relates to SDG 9 (Industry, Innovation, and Infrastructure), as the use of AI tools can support industrial innovation by introducing new methods into work processes. Keywords: business; case; chatgpt; cost; doi; models; process; study; sustainability
• cet-14993 by None (None) - Despite the potential energy savings of the intensification process, research on CO2 absorption energy problems is focused on finding new solvents with better CO2 capture capabilities and lower energy needs (Soo et al., 524 2024). Nevertheless, the first simulation presented in this study indicates that a desorption-reaction column may be feasible, providing an alternative path for investigation into how to enhance the CO2 hydrogenation to MeOH process. Keywords: chemical; co2; column; desorption; distillation; energy; hydrogenation; mea; meoh; process; reaction
• cet-14994 by None (None) - The management of product quality in palm oil crystallisation poses a formidable challenge. Figure 2: Theory of palm oil crystallisation 2.2 Artificial neural network An artificial neural network utilizes the brain’s nervous system to undergo data processing. Keywords: ann; crystallisation; oil; olein; palm; process
• cet-14999 by None (None) - In conventional CO2 compression processes, the temperature increase after each compression stage 560 is addressed with a cooling stage. Kurtulus et al. (2018) examined the implementation of an organic Rankine cycle (ORC) for heat recuperation from CO2 compression stages. Keywords: co2; compression; energy; heat; process; src; stage; stream
• cet-15005 by None (None) - The mass fraction of aromatics in LCO is generally between 75-90 % (Laredoet al., 2018), and the typical distribution of LCO aromatics is shown in Figure 1. Figure 1: The typical mass fraction distribution of LCO aromatic hydrocarbons With the proposal of the “Carbon Peak and Carbon Neutrality” goals, China’s energy structure is facing significant adjustment, and the proportion of renewable energy is constantly increasing. Keywords: aromatics; cracking; diesel; gasoline; lco; light; oil; process; products; technology
• cet-15007 by None (None) - 3. Results An innovative integrated system that maximizes efficiency and reduces energy waste in a variety of industrial operations by utilizing LNG cold energy is shown in Figure 1. The suggested process for producing water and hydrogen utilizing steam methane reforming and proton exchange membrane makes use of LNG cold energy, with each subprocess exhibiting its own benefits. Keywords: co2; cold; energy; gas; hydrogen; lng; process; system; water
• cet-15008 by None (None) - Although there are some reports focusing on BO catalysts, the focus on BO production process has been rarely explored. Since aldehydes cause odor and affect health, water affects the hydroxyl value and foaming properties of polymers, isomers act as the envelope for long chains of polymerization, BO products have strict requirements for the content of aldehydes, water and isomers. Keywords: butene; butylene; butylene oxide; chinese; chlorohydrin; chp; market; oxide; process; production; reaction
• cet-15047 by None (None) - This results in a transparent drying process, which ensures better quality of dried grain (proteins, vitamins not destructed), a more secure drying process (reduced fire hazard) and warehousing (no microbes, no dust) and less energy consumption and less CO2 emission. Energy consumption for moisture evaporation is a primary concern for grain dryers. Keywords: air; dryer; drying; energy; flow; grain; process; temperature
• cet-15065 by None (None) - Figure 1: (a) Production process of a laminated cupboard (b) Idle times of operations in the morning shift Table 2: Energy balance for renewable energy production and consumption Time Consumed Note that the time resolution of the model can be easily increased, but practically, neither the forecast of renewable energy production nor the energy market price estimate has a resolution higher than a quarter of an hour. Keywords: energy; graph; model; operation; process; production; time
• cet-15094 by None (None) - Despite these challenges, governments and private companies in Latin America are taking steps to promote plastic recycling and reduce plastic waste. Recent advances on waste plastic thermal pyrolysis: A critical overview. Keywords: diesel; oil; plastic; process; pyrolysis; recycling; waste
• cet-15105 by None (None) - Response of MPC controller for disturbance rejection Figure 3b: Response of PID controller for disturbance rejection MPC and PID controllers show good performance in disturbance rejection. Figure 4a: Response of MPC controller for set-point tracking Figure 4b: Keywords: chemical; controller; model; mpc; oil; pid; point; process; set; state; subsystem
• cet-15114 by None (None) - However, the complexity as the characteristic of process industries brings different challenges when conducting industrial monitoring for the sake of system safety, which is summarized as lacking a holistic view of target systems. The results contribute to building a comprehensive pattern of the target system and figuring out key variables that are sensible toward system safety under multiple failure modes. Keywords: failure; flammability; methanol; modes; process; safety; system; tank
• cet-15116 by None (None) - Additionally, the lack of segregation between operational (OT) and traditional IT networks may allow attackers to access critical systems (Landucci et al.,2015). Where possible and following a critical event, Seveso inspectors can ask the Manager for detailed logs to monitor the activities on critical systems during an incident, analyzing the procedures to examine the logs and anomalies detected during the critical event (accident as an explosion, a fire, a toxic release, an eco-toxic release, etc.). Keywords: attacks; chemical; control; cybersecurity; plants; process; risks; safety; seveso; systems
• cet-15118 by None (None) - A practical approach on how to implement safety functions that consist of Machinery Safety and Process Safety components is given in IEC TS 63394 - although this document focusses on implementing Process Safety components into Machinery Safety functions. The challenge is that, when separating the discussion – e.g. first discuss Machinery Safety risks and afterwards discuss process safety risks – one might end up with two separate safety functions that need to be implemented. Keywords: function; iec; machinery; process; risk; safety
• cet-15129 by None (None) - Following the reasoning of Duchek (2020), Organizational Resilience (OR) is the ability of an organization to anticipate, prepare for, respond, and adapt to incremental changes and sudden disruptions to survive and prosper. In an era of increasing uncertainty and rapid change, organizational resilience has become a critical factor for long-term success and sustainability. Keywords: approach; innovation; management; optimization; pandemic; performance; process; resilience; safety
• cet-15285 by None (None) - It has been reported 207 that nitrogen, oxygen, and phosphorus depletion can increase oil production in Parachorella sp. (Mahmood et al., 2022) The oil content of microalgae (20% - 50%) (Escobedo & Calderón, 2021; Johnson, 2012) is higher than that of other oil sources, producing between 15 and 300 times more oil for biodiesel production than traditional crops per surface area (Saifullah et al., 2014; Johnson, 2012). Keywords: biomass; co2; energy; microalgae; oil; process; production
• cet-15289 by None (None) - Despite this, the volume of panela production in Colombia represents 14.9% of world statistics, making it one of the main agricultural activities of the national economy (Alarcón et al., 2021). This project presents a feasible alternative for sugarcane production processes to be carried out in a more efficient way and with energy and therefore economic gains, using ASPEN PLUS. Keywords: bioethanol; energy; panela; process; production; sugarcane
• cet-15293 by None (None) - Although higher concentrations generate greater quantities of products, some counterpoints are important, such as the increased costs, the difficulty in pumping the solution due to high biomass concentrations, a) b) b) 257 and the reduced efficiency of product separation as the biomass volume increases. Some studies still adopt this simplification to model biomass gasification processes. Keywords: biomass; concentration; energy; hydrolysis; libr; membrane; nacl; process; salt; separation; water
• cet-15303 by None (None) - Accepted: 24 May 2025 Please cite this article as: Mawassi G., Di Pretoro A., Montastruc L., 2025, Accounting for Dynamics in Ranking CO2 Emissions Mitigation Strategies, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 117, 313-318 DOI:10.3303/CET25117053 CHEMICAL ENGINEERING TRANSACTIONS VOL. 117, 2025 A publication of The Italian Association of Chemical Engineering Online at www.cetjournal.it Guest Editors: Fabrizio Bezzo, Flavio Manenti, Gabriele Pannocchia, Almerinda di Benedetto Copyright © 2025, AIDIC Servizi S.r.l. ISBN 979-12-81206-17-5; ISSN 2283-9216 Accounting for Dynamics in Ranking CO2 Emissions Mitigation Strategies Ghida Mawassi, Alessandro Di Pretoro*, Ludovic Montastruc Laboratoire de Génie Chimique, Université de Toulouse, CNRS/INP/UPS, Toulouse, France alessandro.dipretoro@ensiacet.fr The characteristic topic of the past decade research in the fields of chemical and energy industries can be identified in the continuous investigation of technological strategies aimed at the mitigation of CO2 emissions in order to meet the UE net-zero target by 2050. Starting with the carbon capture and storage (CCS), a method that relies on capturing CO2 emissions at the source and storing them underground or in other secure locations such as deep ocean reservoirs to prevent them from entering the atmosphere, it was divided in numerous subcategories. Keywords: carbon; co2; emissions; energy; fuels; mitigation; process; production; products; strategies
• cet-15306 by None (None) - Then the solution underwent co-precipitation process. SEM images for the precursor obtained from spent Li-ion batteries after co-precipitation process. Keywords: batteries; cathode; mass; materials; metals; precipitation; precursor; process; solution
• cet-15313 by None (None) - This work focuses on the production of PVC (polyvinyl chloride), transforming vinyl chloride monomer (VCM), a highly polluting and hazardous raw material, into a material with lower environmental impacts. This comparison highlights how energy integration allows for an effective reduction of environmental impact, by optimizing energy use and recycling critical raw materials. Keywords: energy; environmental; pei; process; production; pvc; rate; total
• cet-15326 by None (None) - Table 2: Electronic tongue sensors and corresponding taste Sensors Taste Information from Relative Value Taste Information from CPA Value AAE Umami Richness CT0 Saltiness None CA0 Sourness None C00 Bitterness Aftertaste Bitterness AE1 Astringency Aftertaste Astringency 3. Results and discussion The composition of yam flour was moisture 12.9 g/100g, total solids 87.1 g/100g, total carbohydrates 81.8 g/100 g, total proteins 3.3 g/100 g. Electronic tongue analysis was performed as reported by the work of M. Laureati, S. Buratti, A. Bassoli, G. Borgonovo, 2010). Keywords: fermentation; ha-18; process; yam; yeast
• cet-15327 by None (None) - Based on the calculated density of cocoa beans, which was 0.86 g/cm3 for non-fermented cocoa and 0.85 g/cm3 for fermented cocoa beans, and a mass of 15 kg, the volume that the cocoa beans will occupy was calculated. In 2016, Colombia produced 60,535 tons of cocoa beans. Keywords: beans; cocoa; cocoa beans; drying; engineering; fermentation; fermenter; process; pulp; rotary
• cet-15332 by None (None) - In contrast to the HY-1 and HY-4 dosages, the dosages of 2 g and 5 g of hydrochar added to sewage sludge showed negative results as methane production compared to the control reactor. Figure 1: Cumulative methane production from AD of sewage sludge and hydrochar under mesophilic conditions 490 The increment of methane production when a certain amount of hydrochar was added, like for the HY-4 condition (which means 8 g added to the sludge), can be due to several mechanisms that occurred during the process. Keywords: adsorption; htc; hydrochar; methane; process; production; sewage; sludge
• cet-15339 by None (None) - The authors tested the Ru-based heterogeneous catalytic complex in a continuous fashion and proposed a process flow diagram for formic acid synthesis stage. Common hydrogen carriers include liquid organic compounds (as toluene, dibenzyltoluene or N- ethylcarbazole), ammonia, methanol, formic acid and chemical hydrides. Keywords: acid; co2; energy; formic; hydrogen; process; production; stage
• cet-15343 by None (None) - Moreover, intentional attacks escalate quickly, so they are not well represented using conventional risk tools. Among those, intentional attacks are especially critical: their dynamic nature makes the use of conventional risk tools difficult and inaccurate. Keywords: data; escalation; figure; plant; process; risk; safety; security; time; tool
• cet-15344 by None (None) - (5) Table 1: Techno-economic factors for a cascade biorefinery from Hass avocado seed. Table 2: Capital costs for the cascade biorefinery from Hass avocado seed. Keywords: avocado; biorefinery; cascade; hass; process; seed; usd
• cet-15347 by None (None) - 𝐼 = 𝐸𝑋𝑑𝑒𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑜𝑦𝑒𝑑 = ∑ 𝐸𝑋𝑖𝑛,𝑖𝑖 − ∑ 𝐸𝑋𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑑𝑢𝑐𝑡,𝑗𝑗 (10) Equation (11) defines exergy efficiency as the quotient between the useful exergy obtained in a process and the exergy supplied to it. Previous research has mainly focused on enhancing the energy efficiency of hydrocracking processes through heat integration methods, including pinch and exergy analyses. Keywords: analysis; efficiency; exergy; hydrocracking; hydrogen; process; stage; streams
• cet-15348 by None (None) - Finally, it was concluded that the risks identified exceed the limits recommended by the regulations, which highlights the need to optimize process safety. Figure 3: Impact of process safety indices on the Inherent Safety Index (ISI). Keywords: chemical; gas; hydrocracking; hydrogen; index; isi; oil; process; safety; 𝐼𝐶𝑆; 𝐼𝑃𝑆
• cet-15349 by None (None) - Exergy analysis is presented as a powerful tool to address this problem, by allowing a detailed evaluation of the thermodynamic performance of industrial systems (González-Delgado et al., 2022). In this way, exergy analysis not only identifies the sources of irreversibility in the process, but also quantifies energy inefficiencies, offering a clear diagnosis to implement improvements in the design and operation. Keywords: analysis; chemical; efficiency; exergy; process; production; pvc; stage
• cet-15350 by None (None) - Therefore, exergy analyses are conducted to quantify energy losses and process efficiency, with the aim of proposing improvements that yield both energetic and economic benefits. Exergy losses at each stage of the process, along with overall exergetic performance indicators, were quantified to enhance energy efficiency and reduce environmental impacts. Keywords: avocado; biorefinery; exergy; oil; peel; process; pulp; seed; stage; stream
• cet-15352 by None (None) - The biodiesel production plant was simulated based on the preliminary study of rambutan seed oil extraction and biodiesel production from rambutan seed oil via supercritical ethanol. Because the unique fatty acid profile of rambutan seed oil generated a lower FAEE content and consumed a large amount of energy for distillation, the process's complexity reduced the EE-SET process's profitability. Keywords: biodiesel; cost; ethanol; oil; process; production; rambutan; seed; set; waste
• cet-15356 by None (None) - Revised: 7 April 2025; Accepted: 10 May 2025 Please cite this article as: Guastaferro M., Baglioni F., Marchetti L., Tognotti L., Nicolella C., 2025, Renewable Methanol Production from Polyolefin Waste Via Pyrolysis: Process Simulation and GHG Emissions Evaluation , Chemical Engineering Transactions, 117, 631-636 DOI:10.3303/CET25117106 CHEMICAL ENGINEERING TRANSACTIONS VOL. 117, 2025 A publication of The Italian Association of Chemical Engineering Online at www.cetjournal.it Guest Editors: Fabrizio Bezzo, Flavio Manenti, Gabriele Pannocchia, Almerinda di Benedetto Copyright © 2025, AIDIC Servizi S.r.l. ISBN 979-12-81206-17-5; ISSN 2283-9216 Renewable Methanol Production from Polyolefin Waste Via Pyrolysis: Process Simulation and GHG Emissions Evaluation Mariangela Guastaferro*, Federico Baglioni, Letizia Marchetti, Leonardo Tognotti, Cristiano Nicolella University of Pisa, Department of Civil and Industrial Engineering, Largo Lucio Lazzarino 2, 56126 Pisa (Italy) mariangela.guastaferro@unipi.it This study presents an integrated process for the valorization of plastic solid waste using a thermal pyrolysis stage followed by a steam reforming system, focusing on energy recovery and methanol production. The gas composition profile exhibited a favorable (H₂ - CO)/(CO + CO₂) ratio of 2.06 for plastic waste, further enhancing methanol production. Keywords: emissions; energy; methanol; plastic; process; production; pyrolysis; reactor; syngas; waste
• cet-15366 by None (None) - Cai X., Yue Y., Yi Z., Liu J., Sheng Y., Lu Y., 2024, Challenges and industrial perspectives on the development of sodium ion batteries, Nano Energy, 129, 110052-110070. Furthermore, a more accurate knowledge of battery life cycles allows identifying areas where further research and investment are needed. Keywords: batteries; electrolyte; ion; lithium; process; production; risk; safety; sodium
• cet-15376 by None (None) - “Giulio Natta”, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo de Vinci 32, 20133 Milan, Italy maurizio.masi@polimi.it Powertan is a disrupting new approach for leather tanning were the penetration inside the hide to be tanned is enhanced by the use of an externally applied electric field. Masi M., Magagnin L., Costa P.P, Costa L., 2013, Method for the conditioning of waste arising from the decommissioning of nuclear plants, WO2013168118. Masi M., Magagnin L., Rossi F., Gibertini E., Rovere G., 2019, Chromium enhanced tanning leather, EP3527675. Keywords: electric; leather; process; solution; tanning; time; ∆𝑉𝑝; 𝐶𝑝,𝐶𝑟; 𝐶𝑟(𝐼𝐼𝐼
• cet-15395 by None (None) - The thermodynamic analysis of global reaction routes plays a fundamental role in the development of sustainable processes for utilizing methane (CH4) without emitting carbon dioxide (CO2). This work focused on evaluating different reaction routes for the production of urea, as a case study, avoiding the emission of CO2, with a focus on identifying a global exothermic process. Keywords: ch4; co2; energy; h2o; process; products; reaction
• cet-15399 by None (None) - Acetic Acid (AA) and Valeric Acid (VA) recovery from single acid solutions and a mix of acid solutions was investigated. The simulations were carried out considering an atmospheric pressure (1.01325) for the three steps reported in Figure 3 with the following temperature: stripping = 93.8°C; flash = 81°C; heater = 93.8°C. 892 Table 3: stripping step and thermodynamic model validation Parameter Experimental results Simulation results Δ[%] Final mass of acetic acid [g] 8.53 8.59 +0.7% Final volume of acid solution Keywords: acid; fatty; mass; process; recovery; solution; stripping; vfas; water
• cet-15402 by None (None) - The feed solution was prepared to contain 33 g/L of butyric acid and 13 g/L of propionic acid in ultrapure water, with pH adjusted using sodium hydroxide. Acids with greater hydrophobicity, such as butyric acid, showed higher affinity for the organic phase, resulting in higher recovery percentages compared to propionic acid. Keywords: acids; experimental; extraction; feed; hexadecane; process; propionic; row; solvent
• cet-15408 by None (None) - Additionally, the free software TeS (Thermodynamic Equilibrium Simulation) was used for the thermodynamic characterization of açaí seed reforming processes. Thermochemical processes are vital in the search for clean, renewable energy sources and can play a key role in the thermochemical recovery of various agro-industrial by-products. Keywords: atr; açaí; energy; process; processes; production; scwg; temperature; 𝑁𝐶 𝑖=1
• cet-15410 by None (None) - 1. Introduction Biofuels, or fuels derived from biomass, are important alternatives for reducing greenhouse gas emissions, combating global warming (Rial, 2024) and contributing to the global energy supply (Miranda et al., 2019). This process consists of the thermal decomposition of the organic matrix of the biomass in the absence of oxygen or a substoichiometric amount of combustion, which can simultaneously produce products in the liquid (tar – bio-oil), solid (coal – biochar) and gaseous (mainly syngas – CO and H2) states (Miranda et al., 2021). Keywords: bagasse; biomass; energy; et al; process; products; pyrolysis; simulation; sugarcane; temperature
• cet-15417 by None (None) - References Barbarossa S., Casu M., Orrù R., Locci A.M., Cao G., Garroni S., Bellucci D., Cannillo V., 2024, Synthesis, Sintering, Mechanical Properties and Oxidation Behavior of (Zr0.5Me0.5)B2 (Me = Ta, Hf) Solid Solutions, Ceramics International, 50, 7, 12158-12166 Barin I., 1995, Thermochemical Data of Pure Substances, 3rd ed., VCH, Germany Fahrenholtz W.G., Binner J., Zou J., 2016, Synthesis of ultra-refractory transition metal diboride compounds, Journal of Materials Research, 31, 2757–2772 Green D.W., Perry H.R., 2007, Perry’s Chemical Engineers’ Handbook, 8th ed., McGraw-Hill, USA Guo W.-M., Zhang G.-J., You Y., Wu S.-H., Lin H.-T., 2014, TiB2 Powders Synthesis by Borothermal Reduction in TiO2 Under Vacuum, Journal of the American Ceramic Society, 97, 5, 1359–1362 Kolios G., Frauhammer J., Eigenberger G., 2002, Efficient reactor concepts for coupling of endothermic and exothermic reactions, Chemical Engineering Science, 57, 9, 1505-1510 Licheri R., Musa C., Orrù R., Cao G., Sciti D., Silvestroni L., 2016, Bulk Monolithic Zirconium and Tantalum Diborides by Reactive and Non-reactive Spark Plasma Sintering, Journal of Alloys and Compounds, 663 351-359 Munir Z.A., Anselmi-Tamburini U., 1989, Self-propagating exothermic reactions: The synthesis of high- temperature materials by combustion, Materials Science Reports, 3, 7–8, 277-365 Sani E., Meucci M., Mercatelli L., Balbo A., Musa C., Licheri R., Orrù R., Cao G., 2017, Titanium diboride ceramics for solar thermal absorbers, Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells, 169, 313 – 319 Wu K.-H., Wang Y., Yu-Yang, Zhang G.-H., Jiao S.-Q., Chou K.-C., 2019, Low temperature synthesis of titanium diboride nanosheets by molten salt–assisted borothermal reduction of TiO2, Journal of Nanoparticle Research, 21, 103 1002 CET-vol117-b.pdf 191casu.pdf Process Integration Approach for the Efficient Synthesis of Metal Boride Ceramics Thermodynamic analysis Defining Z as the molar fraction of the desired product obtained according to Eq(1) and (1 − Z) as the molar fraction obtained by Eq(2), the enthalpy balance for the adiabatic SHS process is: 0 = ∆hr + υMeB2qMeB2 + (1 − Z)υB2O3qB2O3 (3) where the heat generated by the combined reactions can be described as: ∆hr = υMeB2∆hf,MeB2 + (1 − Z)υB2O3∆hf,B2O3 − (1 − Z)υMeO2∆hf,MeO2 (4) Keywords: b2o3; metal; n.d; process; reaction; synthesis; temperature
• cet-15427 by None (None) - Table 3: The characteristics of spiral wound membranes Manufacturer Document Parameter Element type TML20D-400 Low fouling Diameter of the element (m) 0.201 Membrane module area (m2) 37 Module Feed flow range (m3/d) 31.8-39.7 Maximum operating pressure (bar) 41 Salt Rejection 99.65-99.8 Water Recovery 15 Salt permeability (m/s) 5.65×10-8 Table 4: Membrane parameters and spacer characteristics and feed operating conditions TML20D-400 Spiral wound RO Membrane parameters and spacer characteristics Parameter hsp(m) dh(m) A (m2) Lf (m) L (m) w (m) Evaluation of the process performance via simulation 2.1 Model Development The work uses Aspen Custom Modeler (ACM) v10 software to simulate and optimize the process parameters for different RO wastewater systems. Keywords: bangladesh; data; dye; membrane; parameters; process; removal; table; textile; treatment; wastewater; water
• cet-15429 by None (None) - 2. Plant Design 2.1 Plant Description and modelling This section outlines the conceptual plant and describes all the processes simulated using UniSim Design© R491 software, including the direct hydration of propylene for IPA production, the extractive distillation of the azeotropic IPA-water mixture, and the dehydrogenation of IPA for acetone production. 2.2 Thermal Integration Thermal integration for the IPA-water azeotropic mixture production and acetone production sections is addressed independently to maintain operational flexibility, enabling adjustments in IPA and acetone output based on market demand. Keywords: acetone; analysis; chemical; column; costs; design; ipa; plant; process; production; propylene; reactor; water
• cet-15435 by None (None) - Accepted: 19 May 2025 Please cite this article as: Sofia D., Girimonte R., 2025, Innovative Powder Reuse Strategy in the Selective Laser Sintering Process Using a Fluidized Bed System, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 117, 1105-1110 DOI:10.3303/CET25117185 CHEMICAL ENGINEERING TRANSACTIONS VOL. 117, 2025 A publication of The Italian Association of Chemical Engineering Online at www.cetjournal.it Guest Editors: Fabrizio Bezzo, Flavio Manenti, Gabriele Pannocchia, Almerinda di Benedetto Copyright © 2025, AIDIC Servizi S.r.l. ISBN 979-12-81206-17-5; ISSN 2283-9216 Innovative Powder Reuse Strategy in the Selective Laser Sintering Process using a Fluidized Bed System Daniele Sofia*, Rossella Girimonte Department of Computer Engineering, Modeling, Electronics and Systems, University of Calabria, Via P. Bucci cubo 44/a Rende (CS), 87036, Italy daniele.sofia@unical.it This study introduces an innovative method for the recovery and reuse of unsintered powder in the Selective Laser Sintering (SLS) process, widely used in additive manufacturing for creating complex components with a broad range of powder materials. This technique enables the production of highly complex and customized components, utilizing a wide range of powder materials and making it possible to create geometries that would be impossible with traditional manufacturing methods (GU et al, 2012). Keywords: bed; laser; manufacturing; powder; process; reuse; sls; system
• cet-15437 by None (None) - Conclusions The analysis of dark fermentation and microbial electrolysis processes underscores the system's exceptional robustness and efficiency in hydrogen production from waste substrates such as glycerol and vinasse. Dark fermentation is a promising method for sustainable hydrogen production, using microbial catalysts to convert biomass into hydrogen under anaerobic conditions (García & Cammarota, 2018). Keywords: electrolysis; exergy; fermentation; hydrogen; process; production; ̇ �; � ̇
• cet-15445 by None (None) - Among the numerous molecules available in the market and currently lacking a significant bioavailability for humans, three specific molecules were selected for liposomes encapsulation using SPAF technology. In Figure 2, melatonin loaded liposomes are reported in uniform and almost homogeneous distribution, thus exhibiting the typical morphology of agglomerated liposomes. Keywords: delivery; drug; efficiency; encapsulation; formation; liposomes; particle; process; spaf; systems
• cet-15448 by None (None) - There are many studies to establish the methodologies of inherent safety. Gao introduced the inherent safety concept to minimize laboratory hazards and developed a dedicated implementation tool called Generic Laboratory Safety Metric (GLSM) which presented a set of generic solutions to laboratory retrofitting towards inherent safety with a novel GLSM as the implementation tool(Gao et al., 2023). Keywords: assessment; equipment; hydrogen; impact; indicator; process; production; risk; safety
• cet-15602 by None (None) - In this sense, one of the processes that depends on these non-renewable resources is gas oil hydrocracking, which in recent years has received increasing attention from oil refining industries, especially in the context of digitalization (Iplik et al., 2020). For this reason, in this work, the mass integration of an energy-integrated hydrocracking plant is proposed based on process simulation, considering the general conditions of the system and the extended development of the material and energy balances, using the Aspen HYSYS® simulator, the mass-Pinch analysis methodology and mathematical optimization. Keywords: gas; gas oil; hydrocracking; hydrocracking process; mass; oil; process; sink; water
• cet-15609 by None (None) - Venting systems In liquid hydrogen systems, when liquid hydrogen turns to gas, the rapid increase in volume can over-pressurize containment structures, like storage vessels, and cause them to burst. The main hazards associated with hydrogen systems can be listed and prioritized as follow (ISO/TR 15916:2015): flammability (thermal effects, pressure effects, easy ignitability of some mixtures), small size of the molecule (low viscosity, high diffusion rate, high buoyancy), asphyxiation hazards if oxygen is replaced. Keywords: cryogenic; detection; hydrogen; iso; liquid; pressure; process; risks; safety; systems
• cet-15626 by None (None) - Conclusions This study presents an integrated simulation and energy analysis of green FT fuel production using CO2 from DAC and H2 from SOEC. Zang et al. (2021) performed a comprehensive techno- economic analysis of FT fuel synthesis from CO2 and H2, emphasizing the importance of improving feedstock recycling and conversion ratios. Keywords: case; co2; dac; energy; fuel; heat; power; process; soec
• cet-15636 by None (None) - Corn stover, an abundant agricultural waste, presents an excellent renewable feedstock for SPK production, while simultaneously supporting agricultural waste management and sustainable fuel development. The required corn stover for this production is justified by the selection of Cagayan Valley in the Luzon region as the plant location, as it is the leading area for corn production in the Philippines. Keywords: bar; carbon; co2; corn; cost; equipment; fuel; process; production; spk; stover; syngas
• cet-15637 by None (None) - Cao et al. (2019) also carried out biomass gasification reaction with air as the gasifying agent. Figure 1: Process flowsheet of biomass gasification simulation Keywords: biomass; gasification; process; reaction; reactor; simulation; steam; temperature
• cet-15643 by None (None) - Conventional gasification is cost-effective and suited for clean feedstocks but produces more impurities, while plasma gasification is more expensive yet cleaner, handling mixed waste with minimal emissions and producing high-purity syngas and inert slag. Plasma gasification enhances this process by utilizing a 4,000 °C plasma torch, which helps eliminate hazardous components and produces high-purity syngas. Keywords: gasification; msw; plasma; plasma gasification; process; steam; syngas; waste
• cet-15656 by None (None) - Thermal energy storage systems (TES) are an indispensable component of industrial solar thermal applications, ensuring a continuous supply to the process despite intermittent solar resources. The costs of storage systems depend on the installed capacity and supply time, as well as parameters such as the storage medium, tank and support structure, having an approximate cost of 20, 67 and 16 USD/kWh respectively (U. S. Department of Energy, 2022) for a 100 MW steam production plant and 8 h of operation. Keywords: energy; heat; process; solar; storage; system; tank; temperature; water
• cet-15660 by None (None) - Yao S., Li C., Wei Y., 2023, Design and optimization of a zero carbon emission system integrated with the utilization of marine engine waste heat and LNG cold energy for LNG-powered ships. Cryogenic CO2 capture offers a potential advantage, as it directly produces liquid CO2 suitable for onboard storage and later offloading. Keywords: capture; co2; combustion; cryogenic; energy; fuel; lng; onboard; process
• cet-15663 by None (None) - To overcome these challenges, enhancing the economic feasibility and competitiveness of methanol production processes is essential. The primary goal was to enhance methanol production efficiency and address environmental concerns by reducing greenhouse gas emissions. Keywords: co2; cycle; efficiency; flow; hydrogen; methanol; process; production
• cet-15666 by None (None) - This study presents a sustainable process for methanol production from biogas, integrating biogas upgrading, methane steam reforming and CO2 hydrogenation. Additionally, a sensitivity analysis was conducted for both methane reforming and catalytic methanol synthesis reactions, aiming to identify optimal parameters for maximizing methanol production. Keywords: biogas; carbon; co2; hydrogen; kmol; methanol; process; production; reactor; reforming
• cet-15672 by None (None) - (Pretel et al., 2014) 280 Objective Function: Max P = ∑R𝑚𝑎𝑖𝑛 𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑑𝑢𝑐𝑡 + ∑R𝑏𝑦𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑑𝑢𝑐𝑡 − ∑C𝑟𝑎𝑤 𝑚𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑎𝑙𝑠 − CAPEX − OPEX − ∑C𝑢𝑡𝑖𝑙𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑒𝑠 − ∑𝑇𝑎𝑥𝑐𝑎𝑟𝑏𝑜𝑛 − ∑C𝑤𝑎𝑠𝑡𝑒 𝑡𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑡𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡 − ∑C𝑤𝑤 𝑡𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑡𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡 (5) 3. Results and discussion The P-graph optimization selected the ethylene route as the most economically and environmentally balanced pathway for acrylic acid production, yielding an annual profit of USD 25.9 M (Figure 2). Conclusions This study demonstrated the benefit of the P-graph methodology for facilitating systematic decision-making in pathway selection and optimization in acrylic acid production. Keywords: acid; acrylic; chemical; cost; graph; process; production; steam; synthesis; wastewater
• cet-15676 by None (None) - The findings suggest that the success of AI implementation is not determined solely by AI technologies but is also highly influenced by the organisation's level of digitalisation, sometimes referred to as digital maturity. Root causes such as fragmented and unstructured data, absence of real-time data flow, disconnected IT systems, and limited integration across digital platforms ultimately lead to the constrained ability of AI technologies to learn from reliable data and generate actionable insights in real-time (Peretz-Andersson et al., 2024). Keywords: data; digital; digitalisation; dmaic; ecosystem; implementation; industry; manufacturing; performance; process; technologies
• cet-15680 by None (None) - Research has focused on exploring techniques such as PET combustion, but it has resulted in a complex process due to each plastics reacting differently when exposed to heat. Previous research has involved experiments on mechanical recycling (Bezaraj et al., 2025), PET combustion in combination with other fuels (Hu et al., 2024), plastic mixtures combustion (Mentes et al., 2023) and pyrolysis (Song et al., 2023), which only focus on reducing solid waste in the environment. Keywords: chemical; combustion; crucible; furnace; gases; model; pet; process; recycling; temperature; waste
• cet-15690 by None (None) - HPAD offers two benefits: (1) unlike conventional fossil-based heating methods, heat pumps operate solely on electricity and thus avoid direct GHG emissions during operation, achieving significant emission reductions; (2) in contrast to electric heaters, which provide heat energy using the same amount of electricity, heat pumps upgrade low-grade waste heat from the process to useful heat energy using a much smaller amount of electricity, significantly improving the overall energy efficiency of the process and reducing the overall energy consumption. With the rapid development of RES, the advantages of HPAD in improving conventional distillation processes are expected to become more pronounced, paving the way for its broader industrial application in the foreseeable future. Keywords: carbon; distillation; energy; figure; heat; hpad; process; processes
• cet-15693 by None (None) - A case study shows that the integration of traditional and sustainability control systems helps embed sustainability (Beusch et al., 2022), while research shows that control systems are only effective when formal design is aligned with users' values and practices (Johnstone, 2019). Optimised digital control processes (especially MPC and discrete-event) evidenced lower energy per unit output due to more efficient task scheduling, avoidance of idle resources, and minimisation of repetition and waste caused by bottlenecks. Keywords: control; delay; digital; discrete; energy; event; graph; process; resource; scenario; sustainability; task; time
• cet-15694 by None (None) - 412 Figure 4: Maximal structure for the 3-company industrial symbiosis case study, the red operating units representing the connections between companies are considered as critical Table 2: Existence of critical operating units in the strategically different feasible networks for the case study, “Inc” indicates that the connection is included in the network, “Exc” indicates that it is excluded Profit of best network in the equivalence class (M EUR/y) A → B Microalgae B → A Water A → C Diesel C → A CO2 C → B Wastewater C → B Heat Number of different networks in the equivalence class 6.826 Exc 3. Methodology Two important observations can be made: (i) for any given potential design network, the set of included critical operating units is unambiguous, and (ii) two network design options are strategically equivalent if they contain exactly the same set of critical operating units. Keywords: equivalence; exc; exc exc; exc inc; inc inc; networks; operating; process; units
• cet-15695 by None (None) - Egyetem sq., Győr 9026, Hungary eisingerne@ga.sze.hu As institutions seek to reduce their environmental impact, administrative processes must be optimized for energy and resource efficiency. While Green BPM and LCA have supported sustainability in administrative processes, the integration of control strategies—such as Model Predictive Control (MPC) or nonlinear feedback—is still rare. Keywords: consumption; control; digital; emissions; energy; graph; management; mpc; process; processes; sustainability; task; time
• cet-15706 by None (None) - Introduction The rapidly increasing volume of electronic waste (e-waste) poses a significant environmental threat across the globe. Isildar A., Rene E.R., Van Hullebusch E.D., Lens P.N.L., 2018, Electronic waste as a secondary source of critical metals: Management and recovery technologies. Keywords: concrete; plastic; process; solution; strength; temperature; tin; waste
• cet-15712 by None (None) - Given its importance, there is a notable need for more professionals with experience in process dynamics simulation. Process dynamics simulation has been taught in chemical engineering curriculums over the years, typically in units that focus on teaching process control. Keywords: control; dynamics; process; project; sessions; simulation; students; task; unit
• cet-15719 by None (None) - However, these studies did not include hydrogen compression costs for refueling applications. Several techno-economic studies have assessed ammonia decomposition for hydrogen production, with reported costs varying depending on plant scale and system configuration. Keywords: ammonia; bar; cost; decomposition; energy; et al; hydrogen; process; production
• cet-15753 by None (None) - For example, as a result of sawing performed in time slot 2, a cut-to-size laminated chipboard becomes available in the second time slot, which can then serve as input for edge banding starting in time slots 2 or 3. Conclusions This study demonstrated the applicability of two P-graph-based optimization methods for reducing per-unit energy demand in furniture manufacturing by increasing the utilization of production time. Keywords: manufacturing; model; operations; pns; process; scheduling; tcpns; time
• cet-15754 by None (None) - The current contribution aims at extending the solution generation to provide a complete set of Pareto optimal process structures and configurations according to multiple objectives, in addition to the previously available ranked list of N-best networks generated due to a single objective. In practical terms, Pareto optimal structures are incredibly useful for scenarios where multiple factors need to be optimized simultaneously. Keywords: cost; energy; objective; optimization; process; set; solutions; structures; systems
• Effects of Purification on the Hydrogen Production in Biomass Gasification Process by Muslim, M.B.; Saleh, S.; Samad, N.A.F.A. (2017) - Figure 2: Fluidised bed gasification process with hydrogen purification flowsheet 3. Biomass gasification process can be applied as one of the solutions in order to utilize of oil palm frond waste. Keywords: bed; biomass; gasification; gasifier; hydrogen; process; purification; reactor
• Chitosan Flocculation-sedimentation for Harvesting Selected Microalgae Species Grown in Monoculture and Mixed Cultures by Pradana, Y.S.; Kusumastuti, Y.; Rahma, F.N.; Effendy, N. (2017) - Conventional biodiesel is derived from various feedstocks such as palm oil, which uses carbon-based catalyst (Raharningrum et al., 2013), rice husk, which uses ash-based catalyst (Chen et al., 2015), jatropha oil (Kusumaningtyas et al., 2016), soybean oil, which uses microwave (Encinar et al., 2012) and ultrasound systems (Brito et al., 2012), used cooking oil (Kawentar and Budiman, 2013), and palm fatty acid distillate, which uses char-based (Hidayat et al., 2015) and sulphated zirconia catalysts (Sawitri et al., 2016). The properties of chitosan, including its cationic behaviour and molecular weight (Li et al., 2013), can assist in coagulation (particle aggregation induced by electrolyte addition) and flocculation (aggregation resulting from the linking of several particles by a polymer chain) processes. Keywords: biodiesel; cell; chitosan; et al; flocculation; harvesting; microalgae; process; removal; sedimentation; time
• Operator Training Simulator for Ethylene Plant by Sangaran, S.; Haron, S. (2017) - Figure 3: Real plant converted into virtual plant Table 4: Difference between plant data and model value during MAT testing Tag Description Plant Data HMB Model Value 1 Model Value 2 Unit OL1201:FI08 CO2 abs tails flow 76 80 95 83 t/h OL1201:PDI04A Some of the valves were resized to get normal flow as per plant data during start-up and shutdown of the plant. Keywords: control; data; dcs; flow; model; operator; plant; process; simulation; test; training
• cet-204 by None (None) - For comparison, a coupling system without energy recovery process is also modeled in the steady-state condition. It is mentioned that Eq (5) is valid in the most common operating ranges in TVC desalination systems. Keywords: desalination; energy; performance; pressure; process; recovery; steam; system; temperature; water
• Redesign of Washing Process of Cartridge Case Using a Combination of Acids, Detergents and Anti-Tarnish Compounds by Contreras-Valenzuela, M.R.; Lopez-Sesenes, R.; Duque-Alvarez, A.E.; Leon-Hernandez, V.A.; Trujillo-Sandoval, B. (2017) - Methodologies like Retrofit Design Approach and Hierarchical Decision Procedure by Douglas were combined for: 1) determining input Information, 2) developing diagnosis and identifying improvement proposals, 3) establishing input – output structure of the flowsheet, 4) defining critical variables of the process (CVsP), and 5) designing new units that support the change from batch process to continuous process. % liquid ρ kg/m3 χ % Production volume by shift (7.5h) Time of loading cartdrige cases to washing tank in min Manual operate valve Process Time of cartdrige cases unloading from washing tank in min Water Time of mixtures loading in min On-Off Valve Steam Time of mixtures unloading in min Time of mixtures preparation in min Washing time min/batch Input streams: steam 1,3 Output streams: draining of mixtures 5 Barrel 1 Mix detergent and hot water Barrel 2 Mix degreaser and hot water Barrel 3 Mix acid solution 1 and water Barrel 4 Mix acid solution 2 and water Washing tank 1 Washing tank 5Washing tank 4Washing tank 3Washing tank 2 1 2 3 4 5 V1 V3 V2 V4 V9 V5 V10 V6 V11 V12 V7 V13 V8 V14 V18 V21V20V19V17 V16 V15 1503 During the evaluation of batch process variables using CPVs – Determination Matrix (see Figure 2), only seven process variables were selected for to be evaluated: materials pH (detergent, degreaser and acid solutions), temperature of water °C, foam density kg/m3, detergency efficiency %, liquid mixture density kg/m3 and concentration %. Keywords: batch; design; equipment; flow; process; tank; variables; washing; water
• Evaluation of Coagulation/ Floculation Process for Water Treatment using Defatted Cake from Moringa Oleifera by Feihrmann, A.C.; Baptista, A.T.A.; Lazari, J.P.; Silva, M.O.; Vieira, M.F.; Vieira, A.M.S. (2017) - Further, the use of defatted seeds coagulants presented the advantage of decreasing DOC of the treated water differently from the use of the MO coagulant in its integral form. 2.4 Dissolved organic carbon (DOC) Dissolved organic carbon (DOC) was analysed in raw water, defatted coagulants and in the water treated by them. Keywords: coagulants; extraction; hexane; moringa; oil; process; removal; treatment; water
• Decision Making Approach for Industrial Ecology: Layout and Commercialization of an Industrial Park by Belaud, J.P.; Adoue, C.; Sablayrolles, C.; Vialle, C.; Chorro, A. (2017) - Free plots in existing industrial parks for new factories are rare and expensive. Les Portes du Tarn, Albi, France jeanpierre.belaud@ensiacet.fr One of the industrial ecology fulfillments is the concept of eco-industrial park (EIP). Keywords: approach; commercialization; decision; eco; eip; making; park; process; synergies; tarn
• Study of a Novel Electrochemical Method for Copper Recovery from Waste Printed Circuit Boards by Cocchiara, C.; Piazza, S.; Sunseri, C.; Inguanta, R. (2017) - Then, PCB was cut in pieces of 10x10 cm and every piece was chemically treated to remove the solder mask and so expose copper metal to the electrolytic solution. In recent years, many researchers have investigated a number of innovative approaches on copper recovery to provide a real answer to the increasing requirements of environmental legislation, including biochemical and electrochemical methods. Keywords: boards; chemical; circuit; copper; metals; pcbs; process; recovery; waste
• cet-2452 by None (None) - By converting the heat cascade of the GCC pockets, minimum exergy loss targets may be determined as 0.48 kW below the exergetic Pinch and 3.94 kW above the exergetic Pinch, which is a total of 4.42 kW. 3.6 Step 6: Potential Shaft Work Determination After determining exergy loss in the system, the compressor shaft work is calculated using Eq(4). This paper presents a combined energy analysis technique of Pinch Analysis and Exergy Analysis to determine exergy losses and compressor shaft work targeting in sub-ambient processes via a novel numerical approach known as the Exergy Problem Table Algorithm (Ex-PTA). Keywords: exergy; heat; pinch; process; pta; shaft; temperature; work
• A Combined Evaporation and Microalgal Cultivation Approach for Efficient Treatment of Landfill Leachate: Batch and Continuous Experiments and Process Simulation by Barbera, E.; Sforza, E.; Canella, S.; Franceschetti, P.; Bertucco, A. (2018) - A possible way to avoid or reduce the issues related to direct cultivation in raw leachate could be the integration of microalgae with an innovative, low-energy DOI: 10.3303/CET1864078 Please cite this article as: Barbera E., Sforza E., Canella S., Franceschetti P., Bertucco A., 2018, A combined evaporation and microalgal cultivation approach for efficient treatment of landfill leachate: batch and continuous experiments and process simulation, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 64, 463-468 DOI: 10.3303/CET1864078 463 technology developed by Solwa SrL for leachate treatment, i.e. the WastWa process. In the recently emerging context that aims at integrating waste management with the production of valuable resources, the use of microalgae for N removal from landfill leachate appears particularly fit, by producing biomass that can be destined to various applications. Keywords: concentration; experiments; growth; l-1; leachate; nh3; process; water
• Desulphurization of Medium Sulphur Waterberg Steam Coal in a Batch Operated Scale: Microbial Solution by Makgato, S.; Chirwa, E. (2018) - Therefore, limited information is available on the use of biological process in coal desulphurization prior to combustion. Coal samples used in the current study were supplied by one of South African Power Utility, Eskom power station as received from the nearby Waterberg coalfield in Limpopo in South Africa. Keywords: coal; content; day; desulphurization; power; process; samples; sulphur
• Biotechnology as a Tool for the Agroindustrial Exploitation of Residues of the Chain of Musa spp. by Suarez Rivero, D.; Marin Mahecha, O.; Ortiz Aguilar, J.; Puentes, A.; Ballesteros, L.; Suarez Rivero, M. (2018) - 2.4 Preparation of nutritional blocks For each stem from San Francisco and Tibaná, two types of blocks (with four replicates each) were elaborated, whose difference lies mainly in the state of raw material with which the blocks were constituted: pseudostem dehydrated – silage. The results showed a reduction of the lignin level, an increase of the protein content up to 30%, as well as a decrease in the percentage of Neutral Detergent Fiber - NDF, converting of pseudostem blocks into a food supplement with great potential of use in the animal feed and with this in an alternative to mitigate the negative impact of the disposal of these residues in the environment. Keywords: analysis; blocks; chemical; material; process; pseudostem; silage
• Mechanism and Application of Photocatalytic Hydrogen Generation by Cobalt Oximes by Shuai, Zhang; Lei, Chen (2018) - However, the lack of theoretical study on the charge transport path and its mechanism in catalytic hydrogen production badly restricts the hydrogen production efficiency. A nucleophilic CoI midbody interacts with protons to form hydride CoIIIH, namely: CoIII + e-1 → CoII; CoII + e-1 → CoI; CoI + H+ → CoIIIH Subsequently, the path for catalytic hydrogen production is not unique. Keywords: co1; cobalt; coii; hydrogen; process; production
• cet-2774 by None (None) - Its products are mainly concentrated in the magnesium steering wheel, engine bracket and the instrument panel and other structural parts, also rarely involve transmission parts, engine and other key components of high temperature. The rapid development of magnesium alloy is widely utilized at present, magnesium alloy, magnesium manganese alloy, mainly used in aviation, aerospace, automotive and 3C industries. Keywords: alloy; analysis; element; finite; friction; heat; magnesium; process; stress; temperature; welding
• Hydrofining and Pour Point Depressing Tandem Technology for Catalyzing Diesel by Wei, Ding; Dezhi, Zhao; Yongchuan, Dai; Zhanxu, Yang; Linhai, Duan (2018) - At the same time, heterogeneous pour point depressing scheme and hydrofining can be flexibly converted to produce clean diesel with low demand for low pour point diesel and to improve the economic and social benefits of the enterprises. 2. Literature review With the ever-increasing environmental protection requirements, the quality of diesel oil has become increasingly stringent. Keywords: catalyst; diesel; hydrofining; oil; point; pour; process; technology; temperature
• Assessment of the Biohydrogen Production Potential of Different Organic Residues In Colombia: Cocoa Waste, Pig Manure and Coffee Mucilage by Hernandez, M.; Gonzalez, A.J.; Suarez, F.; Ochoa, C.; Candela, A.M.; Cabeza, I. (2018) - Therefore, hydrogen production process showed some limitations, which could be related to the low S/X ratio (Florio, 2017). In order to assure hydrogen production, additional tests were conducted collecting gas in Tedlar® bags and using BIOGAS 5000® Landtec to verify gas composition. Keywords: biomass; cocoa; coffee; energy; fermentation; hydrogen; manure; mucilage; pig; process; production; waste
• Treatment of Micro-Polluted Natural Water Body by Aerobic Biofilm Process by Juan, Shang; Ya, Wen (2018) - More comprehensively, this paper proposes a proper process for culturing aerobic biofilm reactors since it can effectively clean up phosphorus-contaminated water bodies. However, due to multiple elements that contaminate the modern water bodies, the sewage treatment process involving aerobic biofilm reactor still has a big gap to be filled in the future. Keywords: biofilm; concentration; filler; phosphorus; process; reactor; removal; sludge; treatment; wastewater; water
• Gasification of Selected Biomass Waste for Energy Production and Chemicals Recovery by Dudynski, M. (2018) - Rocca S., van Zomeren A., Costa G., Dijkstra J., Comans R., Lombardi F., 2012, Characterisation of major component leaching and buffering capacity of rdf incineration and gasification bottom ash in relation to reuse or disposal scenarios, Waste Management 32, 759-768. In general the release of constituents through leaching is smaller for gasification ashes which are linked to the mineralogy of the ashes. Keywords: ash; ashes; biomass; feathers; gasification; process; waste
• Methanol Synthesis: a Distributed Production Concept Based on Biogas Plants by Previtali, D.; Vita, A.; Bassani, A.; Italiano, C.; Furtado Amaral, A.; Pirola, C.; Pino, L.; Palella, A.; Manenti, F. (2018) - The CHPC process, in addition to electrical and heat energy, converts biogas into valuable biochemicals like methanol (MeOH), dimethyl ether (DME), acetic acid (AA) and others which, differently from biogas and 409 DOI: 10.3303/CET1865069 Please cite this article as: Previtali D., Vita A., Bassani A., Italiano C., Furtado Amaral A., Pirola C., Pino L., Palella A., Manenti F., 2018, Methanol synthesis: a distributed production concept based on biogas plants, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 65, 409-414 DOI: 10.3303/CET1865069 biomethane, are easier to transport, with a higher added value and make effective the CO2 utilization. Catalysts and Kinetics, Applied Catalysis, 36, 1-65, DOI: 10.1016/S0166-9834(00)80103-7 EurObserv’ER Report, 2016, The State of Renewable Energies in Europe Guthrie K.M., 1969, Capital cost estimating, Chemical Engineering, 76, 114-142 Guthrie, K.M. Eds., 1974, Process Plant Estimating, Evaluation and Control, Craffsman Book Company, Solana Beach, USA Kim J., Park M., Kim S., Joo S., Jung K., 2014, DME synthesis from synthesis gas on the admixed catalysts of Cu/ZnO/Al2O3 and ZSM - 5, Applied Catalysis A: General, 264, 37 - 41, DOI: 10.1016/j.apcata.2003.12.058 Manenti, F., Leon-Garzon, A.R., Bozzano, G., 2013, Energy-process integration of the gas-cooled/water- cooled fixed-bed reactor network for methanol synthesis, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 35, 1243- 1248 Manenti, F., Leon-Garzon, A.R., Ravaghi-Ardebili, Z., Pirola, C., 2014, Systematic staging design applied to the fixed-bed reactor series for methanol and one-step methanol/dimethyl ether synthesis, Applied Thermal Engineering 70(2), 1228-1237, DOI: 10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2014.04.011 Manenti, Processo di conversione del biogas, 2015, patent: “102017000073797, 2017” Maji S., Ahmed S., Siddiqui W., Aggarwal S., Kumar A., 2015, Impact of Di-methyl Ether (DME) as an Additive Fuel for Compression Ignition Engine in Reduction of Urban Air Pollution, American Journal of Environmental Protection, 32, 48-52, DOI:10.12691/env-3-2-2 Methanex, 2018, Methanex Monthly Average Regional Posted Contract Price History, < https://www.methanex.com/our-business/pricing> accessed 01.01.2018 Ryckebosch E., Drouillon M., Vervaeren H., 2011, Techniques for transformation of biogas to biomethane, Biomass and Bioenergy, 35, 1633-1645, DOI: 10.1016/j.biombioe.2011.02.033 SimSci, PRO/II® 10.0 User Guide, 2016 Turton R.C., Bailie R.C., Whiting W.B., Shaeiwitz J.A., Bhattacharyya D., Fuller J. Eds., 2012, Analysis synthesis, and design of chemical processes fourth ed., Pretice Hall, Malloy in Ann Arbor, USA Vita A., Italiano C., Previtali D., Fabiano C., Palella A., Freni F., Bozzano G., Pino L., Manenti F., 2018, Methanol synthesis from biogas: Keywords: biogas; chemical; dme; heat; methanol; plant; process; production; synthesis
• cet-3085 by None (None) - However, almost no experiments for VFAs production with immobilization in a packed-bed reactor, from CW, have been reported. After biofilm formation, the whole process of VFAs production lasted 9 days with a yield of 77% (C-molVFAs/C-molLactose). Keywords: acid; cheese; days; lactose; process; production; vfas; volume
• cet-3087 by None (None) - Many studies showed the development of biomaterials applied in membrane separation and adsorption processes (Gimenes et al., 2007;Turbiani et al., 2011,Chen et al., 2012; Silva et al., 2015). The monolayer adsorption process, characteristic of the Langmuir isotherm, is compatible with adsorption process that involves chemical adsorption, as the complex link 208 between metals like copper(II) and hydroxyl and carboxyl groups presents in the amino acids, what indicated preferential link between sericin surface and ion in a single monolayer. Keywords: adsorption; copper(ii; equilibrium; ions; models; powder; process; sericin
• Optimization of Chelates Production Process for Agricultural Administration of Inorganic Micronutrients by Cascone, S.; Apicella, P.; Caccavo, D.; Lamberti, G.; Barba, A.A. (2015) - The use of chelated iron ensures the necessary iron requirement because the chelating agents act as carrier of iron ion (Fe3+) which it is released at the interface with the plant roots, where the iron is adsorbed. Due to the large use of chelated iron, many production processes have been proposed but all of them drove to the production of a mixture of the three position isomers of EDDHA/Fe3+: o,o-EDDHA/Fe3+, the more stable and consequently the more incisive in the iron chlorosis treatment, which have six bonds with the iron ion, o,p- Keywords: eddha; fe3; feed; iron; plants; process; solution; yield
• Validation of an Aseptic Packaging System of Liquid Foods Processed by UHT Sterilization by Vieira Ramos, M.; Wurlitzer, N.; Machado, T.F.; Sucupira, N.R.; Modesto, A.L.G. (2015) - The list of identified CCP helped, however, in getting processing improvements and operational control, indicating the importance of monitoring the hazards and critical limits for the implementation of corrective actions related to UHT sterilization and aseptic filling process. This study aimed to validate an aseptic filling system of liquid food treated by UHT sterilization process in a pilot plant, through microbiological study of environmental air quality in the processing unit. Keywords: air; area; control; evaluation; filler; filling; food; process; processing; results; training; uht
• cet-3404 by None (None) - These may include: • Dissemination within the company - to other sites, other operating units, to other functions such as process design or maintenance and repair • Dissemination according to legal requirements - regulations such as the respective national implementation of the Seveso Directives require that major accidents are reported to the relevant 710 authorities, which then report these incidents to the eMARS database (https://emars.jrc.ec.europa.eu/) . http://www.icheme.org/lpb/ o ProcessNet - publishes anonymised process safety incident reports, below the threshold of major accidents, but useful for learning in an online database, free access, available in English and German. Keywords: accidents; chemical; investigation; learning; lessons; need; process; report; safety
• cet-3409 by None (None) - Amyotte P.R., Goraya A.U., Hendershot D.C., Khan, F.I., 2007, Incorporation of inherent safety principles in process safety management, Process Safety Progress, 26, 333-346. With respect to ease of recognition, process incident warning signs can be weak or strong in addition to their physical (e.g., asset integrity) or conceptual (e.g., safety culture) nature. Keywords: chemical; csb; dust; explosion; gas; incident; iron; management; process; refinery; safety
• cet-3410 by None (None) - Though the chemical composition of ASN obtained from the changed drying process (spray process) remained unchanged (AN/AS ratio of 50:50), the physical properties differed from ASN obtained in the original drying process (drying screw). Table 1: Results of the explosion tests of Chemisch-Technische Reichsanstalt Berlin Parameter Influence of Parameter on sensitivity to detonation impact Influence of spray process on parameter Particle Size Increased by smaller particle size Particle Size is smaller Density Increased by lower density Density is lower Strength of Confine- ment Increased with increasing strength of con- finement No influence Brisance of booster charge Increased with increasing strength of booster charge No influence (the same cartridges were used as before the process change) Keywords: content; fraction; process; salt; silo
• cet-3411 by None (None) - 5. Results 5.1 Aspect related to major accident analysis The application of the RCA has identified as the most likely cause of the accident trigger in the contact of two incompatible substances. The report shows that health and safety Regulations have a point of view defined person-centric, as it is based on protection of worker, while major accident control DOI: 10.3303/CET1648126 Please cite this article as: Vallerotonda M., Pirone A., De Santis D., Vallerotonda R., Bragatto P., 2016, Seveso accident analysis and safety management system: a case study, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 48, 751-756 DOI:10.3303/CET1648126 751 Regulations is plant-centric, as it is based on all plants including unit of work, process and every components and devices. Keywords: accident; analysis; event; infor.mo; management; process; safety; seveso; system
• cet-3412 by None (None) - Also in both cases the failure to change to inherently safer design alternatives was critical, with the reliance on the process safety and mechanical integrity programmes not providing a sufficient safety barrier. RBI is designed to ensure continuing safe operation and validate asset integrity programmes. Keywords: chevron; htha; inspection; integrity; process; programmes; rbi; report; review; risk; safety
• Application of Cost-Benefit Analysis for the Selection of Process-Industry Related Security Measures by Villa, V.; Reniers, G.L.L.; Cozzani, V. (2016) - Garcia, M.L., 2007, The Design and Evaluation of Physical Protection Systems, Second Edition, Elsevier Butterworth-Heinemann, Burlington, Massachusetts, USA. Gavious, A., Mizrahi, S., Shani, Y., Minchuk, Y., 2009, The costs of industrial accidents for the organization: Developing methods and tools for evaluation and cost-benefit analysis of investment in safety, Journal of Loss Prevention in the Process Industries, 22, 434-438, DOI: 10.1016/j.jlp.2009.02.008 HSE, 2015, Internal guidance on cost benefit analysis (CBA) in support of safety-related investment decisions accessed 10.03.2016 Le Guernigou, Y., Revilla, F., 2015, Criminal intent seen in petrochemical fire on French Bastille Day accessed 10.03.2016 Paltrinieri, N., Bonvicini, S., Spadoni, G., Cozzani, V., 2012, Cost-Benefit Analysis of Passive Fire Protections in Road LPG Transportation, Risk Analysis, 32, 200-219, DOI: 10.1111/j.1539-6924.2011.01654.x Reniers, G.L.L., 2014, Safety and Security Decisions in times of Economic Crisis : Establishing a Competitive Advantage, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 36, 1-6, DOI: 10.3303/CET1436001 Reniers, G.L.L., Brijs, T., 2014a, An Overview of Cost-benefit Models/Tools for Investigating Occupational Accidents, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 36, 43-48, DOI: 10.3303/CET1436008 Reniers, G.L.L., Brijs, T., 2014b, Major accident management in the process industry: In this paper, the role of the fundamental terms of cost-benefit analysis within the specific framework of process-industry security is discussed, focusing on the estimation of the threat probability, the assessment of physical security systems costs and performances and the evaluation of the costs of the losses derived from either perspective or retrospective accidental scenarios. Keywords: analysis; assessment; benefit; benefit analysis; cost; process; security; ∈ �; � �
• Comparison of Classical and “Cause Consequence Diagrams” Recursive Operability Analysis: the T2 Laboratories Accident by Contini, S.; Contini, P.M.; Torretta, V.; Sala Cattaneo, C.; Raboni, M.; Copelli, S. (2016) - Khan F. I., Abbasi S. A., 2001, Risk analysis of a typical chemical industry using ORA procedure, Journal of Loss Prevention in the Process Industries 14, 43-59. However, if the classical ROA is compared with its new version, ROA-CCD has been found much faster to be carried out, also requiring a less number of records (8 for ROA-CCD and 16 for classical ROA). Keywords: accident; analysis; ccd; fault; plant; process; reactor; risk; roa
• Simultaneous Operations Risk Assessment by Marucco, D. (2016) - Thanks to SIMOPS risk assessment process, together with daily implementation of “safety first” program, the project finally reached 65 mil worked manhours without LTI (Lost-Time Injury), a remarkable achievement in this field. 3.1 SIMOPS Assessment Study Workshop The SIMOPS assessment study workshop is the initiator event of SIMOPS risk assessment process, the key moment to share necessary information and to proper coordinate the involved parties. Keywords: activities; assessment; commissioning; construction; process; risk; simops; site
• Advanced Attractiveness Assessment of Process Facilities with respect to Malevolent External Attacks by Argenti, F.; Landucci, G. (2016) - Moreover, the integration of this type of evaluation with aspects related to the social, economic and political contest is not yet available and would be beneficial for a more structured evaluation of process facilities attractiveness. Figure 1, depicting an increase in the estimated level of attractiveness for Installation B and Installation C, shows the improved capability of capturing socio-political aspects, as well as ideological and strategic incentives to an attack, which play a significant role in determining industrial facilities attractiveness as targets. Keywords: assessment; attacks; attractiveness; chemical; facilities; index; installation; process; security; table
• Dynamic Evaluation of Risk: from Safety Indicators to Proactive Techniques by Landucci, G.; Paltrinieri, N. (2016) - For this purpose, the use of risk indicators based on the continuous learning from events occurring during the lifecycle of the plant and inspection of safety critical elements may allow hazard and risk assessment to assume both dynamic and proactive features. 2. Background on risk indicators 2.1 Classification of indicators Appropriate sets of indicators collected and evaluated on a regular basis can provide information on the overall risk level variation. Keywords: assessment; factors; frequency; indicators; methodology; modification; process; risk; safety; year
• cet-3736 by None (None) - 3. Results and discussion Mass and energy balances involved in every stage of the proposed process were solved including a complete thermal integration between the solids and gas streams included in Figure 1. Reference H2 production plant with CO2 capture performed by means of methyldiethanolamine (MDEA) chemical absorption is considered in this analysis for purposes of comparison. Keywords: air; capture; co2; fuel; gas; process; reactor; stage; stream
• Simulation and Experimental Research of Cyclohexane Isopropyl Alcohol Azeotropic Solvent Separation During Chemical and Pharmaceutical Process by Feng, G.P. (2016) - This article will use dynamic simulation of distillation processes to separate these two processes in line, especially in heterogeneous batch azeotropic distillation and batch extractive distillation, distillation is an attempt to design and method of open up. This article will use dynamic simulation of distillation processes to separate these two processes were in line, especially in 269 heterogeneous batch azeotropic distillation and batch extractive distillation, distillation is an attempt to design and method of open up. Keywords: chemical; column; composition; cyclohexane; distillation; liquid; phase; process; reflux; separation
• SILICA-AERO. Production of Lightweight Silica Aerogel Fibers for Excellent Heat Insulating Application by Pico, D.; Meyer, E.; Luking, A.; Milow, B.; Gries, T. (2017) - Figure 3: Process steps from solution to silica aerogel 92 1.3 Aim of this study While the sol-gel process has already been extensively investigated, the production of silica aerogel fibers is largely unexplored. Aim of this paper is to introduce a new developed process for the production of silica aerogel fibers. Keywords: aerogel; drying; fiber; figure; process; silica; sol
• cet-4441 by None (None) - The use of this methodology leads to the development of a mathematical model that maximizes robustness against uncertainty, subject to the achievement of system targets. Mathematical programming methods have proven to be valuable for the optimal synthesis of such polygeneration systems. Keywords: demand; design; model; optimization; polygeneration; process; profit; system; target
• cet-4442 by None (None) - In this study, the hydrogen and SOFC process is designed for electrical power of 100 kW.  c h o n s 2 2 4 3 2 1 1 C H O N S 4c h 2o 3n 2s H O 4c h 2o 3n 2s CO 4 8 1 4c h 2o 3n 2s CH nNH sH S 8                  (3) The last flowsheet is based on biomass reforming process integrated with SOFC. Keywords: anaerobic; biomass; criteria; digestion; gas; hydrogen; process; reforming; sofc; temperature
• cet-4443 by None (None) - A smaller derivative means that the process sensitivity is lower, hence, from process control of view, distillation column design A is less sensitive to the effect of disturbance thus make it more robust in maintaining its controlled variable in the presence of disturbances. Format And Type Fonts CHEMICAL ENGINEERING TRANSACTIONS VOL. 45, 2015 A publication of The Italian Association of Chemical Engineering www.aidic.it/cet Guest Editors: Petar Sabev Varbanov, Jiří Jaromír Klemeš, Sharifah Rafidah Wan Alwi, Jun Yow Yong, Xia Liu Copyright © 2015, AIDIC Servizi S.r.l., ISBN 978-88-95608-36-5; ISSN 2283-9216 DOI: 10.3303/CET1545036 Please cite this article as: Nordin M.Z., Othman M.R., Hamid M.K.A., 2015, Application of sustainable integrated process design and control for four distillation column systems, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 45, 211-216 DOI:10.3303/CET1545036 211 Application of Sustainable Integrated Process Design and Control for Four Distillation Column Systems Mohamad Z. Nordina, Mohamad R. Othmanb, Mohd K. A. Hamid*a a Process Systems Engineering Centre (PROSPECT), Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 UTM Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia b Process System Engineering Group (PSERG), Faculty of Chemical and Natural Resources Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Pahang, Lebuhraya Tun Razak, 26300 Gambang, Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia kamaruddin@cheme.utm.my The objective of this paper is to present the application of sustainable integrated process design and control methodology for distillation columns systems. Keywords: analysis; column; control; design; distillation; methodology; process; sustainability
• cet-4447 by None (None) - The main parameters, which influence the HEN capital cost includes number of heat exchangers, their heat exchanger area, the type of heat exchangers and pressure drop of heat carriers, the installed capital cost of heat exchanger and re-piping. Figure 1: The flowchart of the existing process (COMP – compressors; R – reactors; K – distillation columns; M – mixers; HE – heat exchangers; GC – gas cooler; COL – coolers; AC – air coolers; RW - recycled water; HW – hot water; CW – cold water) Keywords: benzene; cost; energy; heat; integration; process; retrofit; unit
• cet-4661 by None (None) - The water is either sourced from river via water treatment plant (WTP) and/or freshwater from local authorities. A publication of The Italian Association of Chemical Engineering www.aidic.it/cet Guest Editors: Petar Sabev Varbanov, Jiří Jaromír Klemeš, Sharifah Rafidah Wan Alwi, Jun Yow Yong, Xia Liu Copyright © 2015, AIDIC Servizi S.r.l., ISBN 978-88-95608-36-5; ISSN 2283-9216 DOI:10.3303/CET1545254 Please cite this article as: Wan Y.K., Ng D.K.S., 2015, Synthesis and optimisation of total water network via material flow cost accounting (MFCA)-based approach, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 45, 1519-1524 DOI:10.3303/CET1545254 1519 Synthesis and Optimisation of Total Water Network via Material Flow Cost Accounting (MFCA)-Based Approach Yoke Kin Wana,b, Denny K. S. Ng*a a Department of Chemical & Environmental Engineering, The University of Nottingham, Malaysia Campus, Broga Road, 43500 Semenyih Selangor, Malaysia b Crop for the Future Research Centre, The University of Nottingham, Malaysia Campus, Broga Road, 43500 Semenyih Selangor, Malaysia Denny.Ng@nottingham.edu.my Material flow cost accounting (MFCA)-based approach which incorporated prioritisation concept of waste recovery to synthesise and optimise a total water network is presented in this work. Keywords: cost; flowrate; process; rec; total; treatment; unit; water
• cet-4761 by None (None) - Water treatment plants that employ the conventional processes of coagulation, flocculation and sedimentation produce large quantities of sludge and Qasim et al., (2006) suggested that the volume of generated sludge can be as high as 2 % of the total volume of water treated, and the use of water treatment plant sludge for various industrial and commercial manufacturing processes has been seen in most part of the world including the USA and the UK (Victoria, 2013), hence as studied previously (Anyakora et al, 2012) asserted mineralogical composition of the water treatment sludge being close to that of clay, which therefore encourages the use of water treatment sludge in brick manufacture. Evaluation of water treatment sludge for ameliorating acid mine waste. Keywords: line; plant; process; pwtp; recirculation; sludge; treatment; water
• cet-4970 by None (None) - A barrier for small and medium enterprises (SMEs) DOI: 10.3303/CET1543203 Please cite this article as: Leva M.C., Naghdali F., Balfe N., Gerbec M., Demichela M., 2015, Remote risk assessment: a case study using scope software, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 43, 1213-1218 DOI: 10.3303/CET1543203 1213 to such use of risk assessment can be the access needed to risk assessment expertise. 1 Introduction Current techniques of risk assessment aim to take into account also human and organizational factors, as suggested by NORSOK Z-013. Keywords: analysis; assessment; case; process; risk; risk assessment; safety; scope; software; task
• cet-511 by None (None) - The model RK-BM is chosen as the physical property method of gasification process. Therefore, whether the composition of the syngas from the liquid-nitrogen washing process reaches the industrial requirements is an important reference index for the smooth operation of the ammonia production from coal process. Keywords: consumption; energy; energy consumption; gasification; nitrogen; oxygen; oxygen purity; process; unit
• cet-517 by None (None) - The correlation expressed by Eq(3) can be corrected by adjusting new values of constant A, b, n, e using the measurement data for heat exchanger in clean condition (Rf=0). Figure 2: Theoretically assumed (curve 1) and numerically reproduced (curve 2) variation of the thermal resistance of fouling in time for heat exchanger No. 11 from Figure 5 (Markowski et al., 2013) 4. Keywords: control; exchanger; fouling; heat; hen; process; transfer
• cet-5399 by None (None) - Samples were taken repeatedly for lignin concentration measurement by UV/Vis spectroscopy. For the evaporation process case, the change in ethanol concentration was simulated as described above. Keywords: concentration; energy; ethanol; evaporation; lignin; precipitation; process
• Twenty Years of PRES: Past, Present and Future – Process Integration Towards Sustainability by Klemes, J.J.; Varbanov, P.S.; Lam, H.L. (2017) - Figure 7: Total Site targeting with process specific minimum temperature difference (after Varbanov et al., 2012) Methodology development has also occurred by extending the concept of assisted heat transfer to TSI for increase heat recovery and shaft work targets (Walmsley et al., 2016a). Klemeš et al. (1997) added targets for power co-generation. Keywords: analysis; carbon; chemical engineering; cost; design; energy; engineering transactions; et al; exchanger; footprint; heat; hydrogen; integration; j.j; klemeš; management; model; network; optimisation; p.s; pinch; plant; power; process; production; recovery; site; synthesis; systems; total; varbanov; walmsley; waste; water
• cet-5403 by None (None) - An integration of energy production systems at waste water treatment plants into energy networks to meet energy demands of urban areas can foster economically feasible use of so far wasted energy. However for an integration of waste water treatment plants into regional energy supply infrastructures not only technical and operational data concerning the treatment plants has to be considered but also information on spatial planning in the adjacent area. Keywords: energy; heat; plant; process; project; treatment; waste; water
• cet-5613 by None (None) - Another important aspect to discuss is related to the apparent discrepancy between the carbon release test and the microcosm results; in details, carbon release test shown that pine bark and olive pomace were the substrates capable to release the higher amount of organic carbon available, on the contrary the highest denitrification efficiency was achieved by the lowest releasers of carbon, cork and sawdust. A wide range of materials are capable to release organic carbon by means of leaching process (e.g. cotton (Della Rocca et al., 2006), newspapers (Volokita et al., 1996), wood and his derived materials, as sawdust, softwood, coniferous and mulch (inter alia Schipper et al., 2005; Greenan et al., 2006; Keywords: batch; carbon; denitrification; nitrates; pine; process; release; substrates; test
• cet-5616 by None (None) - The FT synthesis products are separated into syncrude and FT tail gas. Natural gas, coal and FT tail gas are fuel options. Keywords: biomass; fuel; gas; operating; power; process; production; steam; system; tail; utility
• cet-5618 by None (None) - In petroleum refining case, fuel gas is generally a blend of natural and multiple gas streams, which are generated in the refining process. High Heating Value (HHV) and the relative density of the fuel blend were used to calculate the Wobbe index for fuel gas. Keywords: 0,01; biomass; case; combustion; efficiency; fuel; gas; problems; process; wobbe
• cet-5721 by None (None) - The second one was a Al2O3 158 based Non-catalytic hot gas filter candle of new type, used for comparative purposes. When the Non-Catalytic filter is placed into the gasifier, in presence of used olivine as a bed inventory, the H2 yield increases steadily during the four hours of gasification time, whereas in presence of Catalytic filter the yield of H2 reaches the steady state value after only one hour of gasification time. Keywords: bed; biomass; char; filter; gasification; gasifier; olivine; particles; presence; process; tar; time
• cet-5933 by None (None) - The definition of 3D obstructed regions in the Geographical Information System (GIS) • Consideration of the degree of overlap between the flammable cloud and the obstructed region to accurately determine the explosive mass and location • Consideration of critical separation distance between defined obstructed regions. Environmental considerations include the presence of areas of congestion and confinement (obstructed regions). Keywords: buildings; cloud; explosion; models; phast; potential; process; regions; software
• cet-5938 by None (None) - In this paper HUGIN Lite 7.7 has been used for BN. 3.2 Bayesian network BN technique is used in MEDIA to determine the dependencies between organizational and human factors and also to quantify the effect of organizational factors on human factors. Dependencies and probabilities will be modified after analyzing past accidents in order to get more realistic effect of organizational factors on human factors. Keywords: assessment; factors; hof; human; media; process; risk; safety
• cet-5939 by None (None) - Despite the clear importance of risk registers in the risk management process, there is very little guidance on their development and implementation (Dunović et al., 2013) and previous research has found that although 67% of companies use some form of risk register, the majority have developed their own format to host it (Patterson and Neailey, 2002). A publication of The Italian Association of Chemical Engineering www.aidic.it/cet Guest Editors: Valerio Cozzani, Eddy de Rademaeker Copyright © 2014, AIDIC Servizi S.r.l., ISBN 978-88-95608-27-3; ISSN 2283-9216 Safety Risk Registers: Challenges and Guidance Nora Balfe*a, M. Chiara Levaa, Brian McAleerb, Michael Rockeb aCentre for Innovative Human Systems, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland bESB, 27 Lower Fizwilliam St, Dublin 2, Ireland balfen@tcd.ie A risk database, or risk register, is a central tool for organisations to use to monitor and reduce risks, both those identified during initial safety assessments and those emerging during operations (Whipple and Pitblado, 2010). Keywords: data; hazards; management; process; project; register; risk; risk register; safety
• cet-5942 by None (None) - Safety management systems and safety culture in aircraft maintenance organisations. Reporting culture can be considered to be part of the organizational safety culture as a whole (Reason 1997). Keywords: culture; management; organisation; process; reporting; safety; scope; system
• cet-6038 by None (None) - Haeseldonckx et al. (2007) show that thermal energy storage in CHP installations can improve the net reduction of CO2 emission by factor of almost three. Faninger G., 2004, Thermal energy storage, Faculty for Interdisciplinary Research and Continuing Education, IFF-University of Klagenfurt, Austria. Keywords: electricity; energy; grid; heat; ostend; power; process; sources; storage; waste; wind
• cet-6041 by None (None) - Feedstocks, logistics and pre-treatment processes for sustainable lignocellulosic biorefineries: A comprehensive review. The relatively small plant scales have been considered for consistency with the study by (Steubing et al., 2012) which also shows that, because biomass is a diffuse resource, optimal plant sizes for biomass conversion plants, in terms of environmental performance are relatively small, from 5 to 40 MWth. Keywords: biomass; energy; heat; pre; process; treatment
• cet-6042 by None (None) - This approach is demonstrated in the right figure, showing a joint grand composite curve (GCC) for the two processes (FT process and pulp and paper mill) with an integrated steam cycle (dashed line). The difference in FT crude production between the case with the largest yield (grinding + FT with recycle) and the lowest (torrefaction + once-through FT) is more than 20 %. Keywords: biomass; electricity; gas; gasification; mill; process; production; torrefaction
• cet-6050 by None (None) - DOI: 10.3303/CET1335101 Please cite this article as: Authayanun S., Aunsup P., Im-orb K., Arpornwichanop A., 2013, Systematic analysis of proton electrolyte membrane fuel cell systems integrated with biogas reforming process, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 35, 607-612 DOI:10.3303/CET1335101 607 To date, a number of studies have been concentrated on the synthesis of catalysts to minimize the carbon formation and maximize the hydrogen yield (Kambolis et al., 2010). Different biogas reforming processes considered are dry and steam reforming. Keywords: biogas; carbon; hydrogen; pemfc; process; reforming; steam
• cet-6261 by None (None) - The only difference is the weight parameters definition w total jkjijk m k l k j S KpKpa w ∗∗ = = =1 1 (1) where wj is the participation of the j type of maintenance process indicators in the total sum and total jkjijk m k n j jk S KpKpa w ∗∗ = = =1 1 (2) where wjk is the participation of the jk type of maintenance sub process indicator in the total sum. In the second step, a model for ranking and optimization of maintenance process performance indicators and SMEs is presented. Keywords: indicators; maintenance; performance; process; smes; sub; work
• cet-6262 by None (None) - Compared to existing stochastic degradation models, the model stated in this paper is different from 3 aspects. 1. Introduction Estimating the residual useful life (RUL) from degradation records is a core issue in many fields, e.g. nuclear plant, aeronautical industry, mechanical engineering etc. Keywords: degradation; failure; figure; process; records; time
• cet-6263 by None (None) - i i ti t t t t i t t t t vt tp y y b b t t v v λλλ π −−= Keywords: gaussian; inverse; model; process; t t
• Multi-Period Heat Exchanger Network Design Based on Periodic Heat Storage Approach by Isafiade, A.J. (2017) - This paper presents an extension to existing methods in the literature for synthesizing multi-period heat exchanger networks by designing networks that make provision for periodic storage of heat for use in succeeding periods of operations. The simultaneous methods that have been used for the synthesis of multi-period heat exchanger networks include the approach of Verheyen and Zhang (2006) where the multi-period version of the stage-wise superstructure (SWS) of Yee and Grossmann (1990) was adopted. Keywords: cost; exchanger; heat; hp3; hu2; network; period; process; storage
• cet-6684 by None (None) - During beer dealcoholization, ethanol flux was measured and the values were compared with those of hydroalcoholic solutions at the same concentrations estimated by means of empirical correlations (Eq. This work presents a preliminary study on the production of alcohol free beer (alcohol content ≤ 0.5 %vol) by osmotic distillation technique, which allows to operate at low temperature and atmospheric pressure, using water as ethanol stripping agent. Keywords: beer; content; dealcoholization; ethanol; feed; membrane; process; solutions; stripping; transfer; vol
• Exergy Analysis, Optimization Approach and Transient Mode Operation Study of Non-Flammable Biomethane Liquefaction Process by Oudghiri, Imane; Tinoco, Rodrigo R.; Bouallou, Chakib (2018) - He T., Karimi I.A., Ju Y., 2018, Design and optimization of natural gas liquefaction processes for onshore and offshore applications, Energy, In Press. Due to the similarities between the biogas and NG, NG liquefaction processes are considered as reference to build adapted processes for biomethane. Keywords: biomethane; exergy; flow; gas; liquefaction; optimization; process; refrigerant; smr
• cet-6898 by None (None) - Rotating drum dryers • • Flash or ring dryers • • Spray dryers • • Fluidized bed dryers 709 1.1 Drying operation hazards Dying operations present many hazards both from an operational standpoint to insure quality product is produced and from the safety aspect to insure there are no accidents that interrupt operations and harm employees. This also includes some information on incidents provided by a major manufacturer of process dryers. Keywords: dryers; explosion; fire; hazards; heating; loss; material; process; product; spray
• Conceptual Design of the Eastman Organic Wastewater Treatment Process by Tian, W.; Cui, Z.; Qin, H.; Li, L. (2017) - Organic wastewater treatment methods proposed in the literature can be classified as biological degradation method and physical-chemical method respectively (Estrada et al., 2015). Finally, the optimum designing scheme of Eastman wastewater treatment process is determined with necessary parameters obtained from the experiment. Keywords: control; extraction; figure; process; scheme; simulation; treatment; wastewater
• cet-6902 by None (None) - References Barton J., 2002, Dust explosion prevention and protection a practical guide, Institution of Chemical Engineers Bernard L., Brodie F., Ludwig D., Ness A., Weidner K., 1998, Vent access restriction for solids handling systems, Process Safety Progress, 17, 16-19 Crowhurst D., Colwell S.A., Hoare D.P., 1995, The external explosion characteristics of vented dust explosions, IChemE Symposium Series No 139, 79-96 Crowhurst D., Colwell S.A., 1995, Development of validated predictive methods so that the response of buildings and structures subjected to the effects arising from vented dust explosions can be, Dust Explosions, Protecting People, Equipment, Buildings and Environment, British Materials Handling Board, 355-396 Eckhoff, 2003, Dust explosions in the process industries, 3rd edition EN 16009, 2011, Flameless explosion venting devices Forcier T., Zalosh R., 2000, External pressures generated by vented gas and dust explosions, Journal of Loss Prevention in the Process Industries, 13, 411-417 Going J.E., Chatrathi K., 2003, Efficiency of flameless venting devices, Process Safety Progress, 22, 33- 42 Grossel S.S., 2012, Design and operating practices for safe conveying of particulate solids, Journal of Loss Prevention in the Process Industries, In Press Holbrow P., Hawksworth S.J., Tyldesley A., 2000, Thermal radiation from vented dust explosions, Journal of Loss Prevention in the Process Industries, 13, 467-476 Holbrow P., 2006, Explosion protection using flameless venting: a review, Health and Safety Laboratory (HSL), Explosion Safety Unit, Report No. EC/05/50 Holbrow P., 2011, Dust explosion venting research, IChemE Symposium Series No 156, 583-587 Holbrow P., 2012, Dust explosion venting of small vessels and flameless venting, Process Safety and Environment Protection, In Press NFPA 68, 2007, Standard on explosion protection by deflagration venting Schumann S., Haas W., Schmittberger H., Rasogi A.K., Fogt H., Friehmelt V., 1995, Measurement of pressure blast effects and fireball sizes from vented dust explosions: simulated experiments/large test cell, Dust Explosions, Protecting People, Equipment, Buildings and Environment, British Materials Handling Board, 244-291 Snoeys J., 2008, Dust explosion protection using flameless venting, Fike technical note Snoeys J., Going J.E., 2010, Flame arresting devices for dust explosions, 8th ISHPMIE, Yokohama, Japan, Paper 87 Snoeys J., 2012, Meeting explosion safety requirements with flameless venting, Powder and Bulk Engineering Taveau J., 2010, Correlations for blast effects from vented dust explosions, Journal of Loss Prevention in the Process Industries, 23, 15-29 Wirkner-Bott L., Schumann S., Stock M., 1992a, Flammen und Druckwirkung bei Explosionsdruckentlastung, VDI Berichte, 975 Wirkner-Bott L., Schumann S., Stock M., 1992b, Dust explosion venting: investigation of the secondary explosion, 7th International Symposium on Loss Prevention and Safety Promotion in the Process Industries, Taormina, Italy Wirkner-Bott L., Schumann S., Stock M., 1993, Dust explosion venting: secondary explosion for vessel volumes up to 250 m3, Europex NewsLetters, 22 Zalosh R., 2005, New developments in explosion protection technology, Fire and Emergency Services Asia, Singapore, 22-26 738 This detailed document specifies the requirements for flameless explosion venting devices, in terms of design, inspection, testing, marking, documentation and packaging. Keywords: device; dust; explosion; flameless; flameless venting; process; protection; venting
• Fuzzy P-graph for Optimal Synthesis of Polygeneration Systems by Aviso, K.B.; Tan, R.R. (2017) - Liu P., Gerogriorgis D.I., Pistikopolous E.N., 2007, Modeling and optimization of polygeneration energy systems. However, several optimization problems are multi-objective in nature and it will be advantageous to merge the intrinsic capability of P-graph in finding both optimal and near optimal solutions with the ability of simultaneously satisfying the multiple objectives. Keywords: energy; graph; optimization; polygeneration; process; systems
• cet-7001 by None (None) - Black liquor samples (5.00 ± 0.5 mg) were placed on a platinum pan. Black liquor samples (2.00 ± 0.2 mg) were put into an aluminum sample holder and then the cell was sealed hermetically. Keywords: content; liquor; process; samples; scaling; sodium; solids; wt%
• cet-7002 by None (None) - For this opportunity, the detailed steam mapping diagram indicates that 3.5 MW of steam energy can be substituted by waste heat, giving an opportunity for economic benefit of 0.76 M $/y based on the operating cost estimates. In the present work, an alternative to the energy Composite Curves representation is proposed to complement the visualization of energy integration opportunities. Keywords: energy; heat; mapping; process; steam; waste; zone
• cet-7006 by None (None) - 3. Conclusion A conceptual holistic framework for minimum energy network design has been developed. Direct energy reuse or outsourcing may involve using thermal energy from within a facility (process heat, waste heat) or using an available external thermal source (e.g. solar heat or geothermal heat). Keywords: design; energy; heat; process; resource; step
• cet-7009 by None (None) - This paper demonstrates how Heat Integration (HI) tools such as TSA and exergy analysis can be applied to target for shaft work and hot utility savings for processes and utility systems operating below ambient temperature. Format And Type Fonts CCHHEEMMIICCAALL EENNGGIINNEEEERRIINNGG TTRRAANNSSAACCTTIIOONNSS VOL. 29, 2012 A publication of The Italian Association of Chemical Engineering Online at: www.aidic.it/cet Guest Editors: Petar Sabev Varbanov, Hon Loong Lam, Jiří Jaromír Klemeš Copyright © 2012, AIDIC Servizi S.r.l., ISBN 978-88-95608-20-4; ISSN 1974-9791 DOI: 10.3303/CET1229013 Please cite this article as: Hackl R. and Harvey S., (2012), Total site analysis (tsa) and exergy analysis for shaft work and associated steam and electricity savings in low temperature processes in industrial clusters, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 29, 73-78 73 Total Site Analysis (TSA) and Exergy Analysis for Shaft Work and Associated Steam and Electricity Savings in Low Temperature Processes in Industrial Clusters Roman Hackl*, Simon Harvey Chalmers University of Technology, Dpt. Keywords: cooling; exergy; process; refrigeration; system; temperature; utility; work
• Multi-objective Optimisation of MTBE Reactive Distillation Process Parameters based on NSGA-II by Xiao, Wu; Zhang, Yi; Jiang, Xiaobin; Li, Xiangcun; Wu, Xuemei; He, Gaohong (2018) - RD process parameters such as the reflux ratio, the number of trays etc. on maximizing the conversion of isobutene and minimizing TAC of MTBE RD process simultaneously. Optimisation of MTBE RD process parameters with NSGA-II 4.1 multi-objective optimisation problem In optimisation of MTBE RD process parameters, NSGA-II is used. Keywords: conversion; isobutene; mtbe; nsga; optimisation; parameters; population; process
• cet-7011 by None (None) - The use of process stream heat in the IS1 and IS2 HEN configurations avoided the use of external heating and cooling requirements, resulting in a more effective utilities consumption of the assessed process. García A., González Alriols M., Llano-Ponte R., Labidi J., 2011, Energy and economic assessment of soda and organosolv biorefinery processes, Biomass Bioenerg. 35, 516-525. Keywords: biorefinery; exergy; heat; hen; process; water
• Toward Sustainable Agricultural: Integrated System of Rice Processing and Electricity Generation by Darmawan, Arif; Biddinika, Muhammad K.; Huda, Muhammad; Tokimatsu, Koji; Aziz, Muhammad (2018) - For each kg of rice grain produced, 0.28 kg of rice husk and 1.1 kg of rice straw are generated (Yusof et al., 2008). The synergetic integration of rice production and electricity generation using rice husk and rice straw is important to enhance sustainable energy supply. Keywords: drying; energy; process; rice; steam; system; torrefaction
• A Resilience Analysis Approach for Process Design, Integration and Optimization by Gong, Jian; You, Fengqi (2018) - A publication of The Italian Association of Chemical Engineering Online at www.aidic.it/cet Guest Editors: Timothy G. Walmsley, Petar S. Varbanov, Rongxin Su, Jiří J. Klemeš Copyright © 2018, AIDIC Servizi S.r.l. ISBN 978-88-95608-67-9; ISSN 2283-9216 A Resilience Analysis Approach for Process Design, Integration and Optimization Jian Gong, Fengqi You* Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA fengqi.you@cornell.edu Resilience in response to disruption events is critical to the economic performance of process systems, but this concept has received limited attention in the literature. However, resilience was not quantified explicitly as an intrinsic property of the system and there is no systematic framework for resilience optimization of process systems. Keywords: events; framework; optimization; process; processes; resilience; solution; system
• Biomass Steam Gasification of Sugarcane Leftover for Green Diesel Production by Chatrattanawet, Narissara; Kanjanasorn, Worameth; Authayanun, Suthida; Saebea, Dang; Patcharavorachot, Yaneeporn (2018) - The sugarcane leftovers are selected as the feedstock for steam biomass gasification process and its properties such as proximate analysis and ultimate analysis are presented in Table 1. The use of steam as agent is the common alternative for biomass gasification process to produce the syngas rich in hydrogen (Detchusananard et al., 2017). Keywords: biomass; gas; gasification; process; production; steam; sugarcane; syngas
• Robust Optimization for Batch Process Scheduling Under Uncertainty Using Piecewise Linear Decision Rule by Guo, Cen; You, Fengqi (2018) - i n z                 J I N Z (25) , , , , , ,, 0 , , jnn jnn jnn jnn jnn jnn z i i n z                             J I N Z (26) where 𝑀, 𝑂, 𝑃, 𝑄, and 𝑅 are dual variables and 𝑆 is a support variable as '' ' ' ' ' '' ' ''' '' Keywords: jnn; n z; process; scheduling; uncertainty;  ;  ;  ;  
• Sustainable Design and Operations of Shale Gas Supply Chains Using Integrated Hybrid Life Cycle Optimization Models by Gao, Jiyao; You, Fengqi (2018) - According to the optimization results, the lowest levelized cost of electricity generated from shale gas is £51.8 /MWh, and the optimal life cycle GHG emissions are 473.5 kg CO2-eq/MWh. According to the most recent report by the U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA), there are 35,782 Trillion cubic feet (Tcf) risked shale gas in-place for 41 countries, of which 7,299 Tcf shale gas is considered technically recoverable (EIA, 2018). Keywords: cycle; gas; life; plants; process; processing; shale; shale gas; supply; systems
• Sustainable Design and Synthesis of Shale Gas Processing and Chemical Manufacturing Processes by Gong, Jian; You, Fengqi (2018) - Three objective functions are maximizing the net present value per GJ of raw shale gas, minimizing the global warming potential per GJ of raw shale gas, and minimizing the water footprint per GJ of raw shale gas, respectively. We propose a multiobjective mixed-integer nonlinear programming model to simultaneously maximize the net present value (NPV) per GJ of raw shale gas, minimize the global warming potential (GWP) per GJ of raw shale gas, and minimize the water footprint per GJ of raw shale gas. Keywords: chemical; engineering; gas; optimization; process; processing; shale; shale gas; superstructure
• cet-7225 by None (None) - b) Control charts second design 1374 for the second design as follow: (a) Control charts first design. Keywords: design; heat; process; second; sigma; stream
• Optimal Design of Batch Water Network with a Flexible Scheduling Framework by Li, Z.; Majozi, T. (2017) - Procedures of design for flexible batch water network The design procedure for batch water network is shown in Figure 1. The results of these two examples demonstrate that the proposed method is a simple, effective approach for the design of batch water network with a flexible scheduling framework. Keywords: batch; consumption; freshwater; network; process; water
• Handling Uncertain Feedstock Compositions in Shale Gas Processing System Designs with Simulation-based Robust Equipment Capacities by Gong, J.; You, F. (2017) - As the shale gas production rate from a shale well declines over time, the mixture composition of raw shale gas gathered from multiple shale wells can be uncertain. Shale gas processing plants remove valuable natural gas liquids (NGLs) and undesired components from raw shale gas to meet product specifications in downstream distribution networks (He and You, 2014). Keywords: compositions; design; gas; ngls; process; processing; recovery; shale
• Process Control and Coordinating Optimisation for the Multi- Feed Demethaniser in Ethylene Complex by Wu, B.; Luo, X.-L. (2017) - And there are two kinds of control strategies to achieve the control objective, which are open- loop and close-loop control, as shown in Table 1. Table 1: Control strategies for the two-input-two-output system Controlled variable Open-loop Close-loop y1 Setting control of input u1 Cascade control of output y1 y2 Setting control of input u2 Cascade control of output y2 In the distillation column, outputs y1 and y2 represent the mole fraction of the key component or temperature of the overhead and bottom, and inputs u1 and u2 represent the reflux and reboil flow rate of the bottom, respectively. Keywords: case; control; coordinating; optimisation; output; point; process
• The Green Brewery Concept - Energy Efficiency and the Use of Renewable Energy Sources in Breweries. by Muster-Slawitsch, B.; Brunner, C.; Ribeiro de Lima, D.; Schnitzer, H. (2010) - Overall, the project „Green Brewery“ has shown a saving potential of over 5,000 t/y fossil CO2 emissions from thermal energy supply for the 3 breweries that were closely considered. The elaboration of the case studies as well as the concept itself follows the steps necessary in an auditing methodology for thermal energy optimization (Brunner et al., 2008). Keywords: breweries; brewery; concept; energy; heat; integration; process; thermal
• A Deliberated Green Process Design in Microstructured Reactors by Accompanying (simplified) Life Cycle Assessmen by Huebschmann, S.; Kralisch, D.; Loewe, H.; Breuch, D.; Dietrich, T.; Scholz, R.; Jaehnisch, K.; Huebner, S. (2010) - However, as environmental assessment methods are regarded as being efficiently applied starting already in R&D (Zhang et al., 2008), multiple methods have been developed explicitly for application in R&D, e. g., euroMat (Fleischer and Schmidt, 1997), ECO method (Kralisch et al., 2007) as well as a 4-ary algorithm by Sugiyama et al. (2008). Both, the batch as well as the continuously running reactions are evaluated by life cycle assessment and compared with each other to derive an optimization potential. Keywords: assessment; cycle; environmental; life; phase; process; reaction
• Design Methodology of Absorption Process (use of Mea Absorbent) Based on Self-heat Recuperation Technology by Kishimoto, A.; Kansha, Y.; Fushimi, C.; Tsutsumi, A. (2010) - Energy consumption of heat recovery process 4.2 The proposed process At first, the process shown in Figure 1 was divided into two processes for absorption and stripping. From the simulation results, energy consumption of the proposed process decreased to one-third at that of conventional heat recovery process. Keywords: co2; consumption; energy; gas; heat; kpa; process; stripper
• Lignocellulosic Biorefinery Approach: a Challenge for a New World by Toledano, A.; Andrés, A.; Llano-Ponte, R.; Labidi, J. (2010) - 2.2 Lignin characterization The TG curves and their derivatives (DTG curves) of ultrafiltrated lignin fractions are shown in Figure 2. Lignin fractionation is a promising way to obtain specific molecular weight lignin fractions that can be used to produce high value added products. Keywords: biorefinery; fraction; hemicelluloses; lignin; lignocellulosic; process; tappi; weight
• Revamping a Waste Processing Site with Process Synthesis by Niemetz, N.; Kettl, K.H.; Narodoslawsky, M. (2010) - One strategic aim is to increase the total amount of dried waste, as each ton which has to be sent to waste incineration increases costs. Furthermore, the company holds 10% of a nearby Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC) plant (Obernberger and Thek, 2008) whereto the main part of waste wood is contracted to be delivered for a fixed price until 2013. Keywords: company; heat; material; plant; process; technology; waste
• Integrated Design Methodology for Wastewater Treatment Plant by Fung, K.Y.; Lee, C.M.; Ng, K.M.; Wibowo, C. (2010) - Despite its importance, many wastewater treatment plants are still designed based on experience, leading to high consumption of chemicals, plant failure in the presence of disturbances and inappropriate selection of wastewater treatment techniques such as coagulation, adsorption, biotreatment, Fenton reaction, ozonation, multi-media filtration, membrane filtration, etc. These chemicals have to be removed from the wastewater so that it can be either safely discharged or reused for dyeing processes. Keywords: design; dyeing; effluents; plant; process; simulation; treatment; wastewater
• Case-based Design of Soche (blantyre, Malawi) Wastewater Treatment Plant by Chipofya, V.; Avramenko, Y.; Kraslawski, A. (2010) - Therefore an issue of primordial importance is ability to design wastewater treatment plants able to deal with the existing challenges. 2.1 Reference Library The purpose of the Reference Library is to provide the user with a comprehensive overview of processes and operations used for wastewater treatment. Keywords: blantyre; case; design; plant; process; treatment; wastewater
• cet-8281 by None (None) - The effects on the economic, operational, and environmental performances of optimal process flow sheets were studied since different criteria, in general, produce different optimal solutions. It was observed that optimal process flow sheets obtained by three distinct criteria differ not only in process topology and capacities but also in operating and economic figures, efficiency of feed and utility utilization, as well as the sustainability measurements, e.g. toxicological and ecological indices, and total potential environmental impact of the process. Keywords: cash; flow; irr; npv; process; solutions
• cet-8287 by None (None) - Introduction Most incinerators used to burn garbage are mixed waste incinerators, usually referred to as MWS incinerators. HCl emissions from burning municipal waste in starved-air or excess-air incinerators have ranged from 53-724 ppm before the exhaust gas is treated, but HCl emission levels vary widely and reflect variations in feed stock. Keywords: ash; combustion; design; gases; incinerator; process; steam; waste
• cet-843 by None (None) - DOI: 10.3303/CET1762045 Please cite this article as: Ke Lu, 2017, Preparation and surface modification of transparent yellow iron oxide pigment, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 62, 265-270 DOI:10.3303/CET1762045 265 Table 1: Properties of yellow iron pigment 2. Preparation of Transparent Iron Yellow There can be found many methods for preparation of transparent yellow iron oxide pigment in the literature. Keywords: iron; method; oxide; particles; pigment; preparation; process; surface; yellow
• cet-8921 by None (None) - Blasting finishing samples are examined in the work by BGIA (2009), while Myers (2015) focused on the mitigation procedures to reduce explosion risk of polishing/buffing dust samples. Dust samples from foundry waste are all classified as NE, due to their oxidized nature, although exhibiting very low d10, up to 0.5 µm. Keywords: chemical; dust; explosion; finishing; marmo; metal; process; samples; waste
• cet-8923 by None (None) - In this work, three real accidents were tested with three real fire and explosion risk evaluation methods, among the most adopted worldwide:  F&EI “Fire and Explosion Index, by DOW Chemical Company;  0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100% SW&HI F&EI Mond Overall Case 1 Case 2 Case 3 219 Table 2: Main parameters implemented by methods for the different case studies Case study Key-substance(s) Process conditions Special credits/penalties 1 N-butyl acetate Operative flow in the tanks loading Fire protection devices 2 Hydroxylamine sulphate Storage, Release due to high temperatures of fire Incompatibility in storage class, absence of fire safety devices 3 Hydraulic oil (properties of n- dodecanol) High pressure system No shutdown system The assessment was then repeated by introducing adequate protection systems and management procedures to verify the actual variation of risk indices. Keywords: case; chemical; explosion; fire; index; methods; process; risk; safety; substances
• cet-8925 by None (None) - This contribution provides retrospective analysis of application issues connected with the use of process simulations in computer aided HAZOP studies. The goal of this study is to identify the main obstacles in the implementation of computer aided HAZOP study based on process simulations in chemical industry. Keywords: analysis; feed; hazop; model; process; reactor; study; temperature
• Using an Advanced Numerical Technique for Improving Pulverized Coal Combustion inside an Industrial Furnace by Mikulcic, H.; von Berg, E.; Wang, X.; Vujanovic, M.; Tan, H.; Duic, N. (2017) - Elattar et al. (2014) numerically investigated the confined non-premixed jet flames inside rotary kilns for gaseous fuels, to understand the flame behaviour and heat transfer. Elattar H.F., Stanev R., Specht E., Fouda A., 2014, CFD simulation of confined non-premixed jet flames in rotary kilns for gaseous fuels, Computers and Fluids, 102, 62–73. Keywords: air; cement; chemical; coal; combustion; kiln; numerical; process; rotary; study
• A Green Chemistry-based Decision Modelling Approach for Optimal Selection of Nanomaterial’s Synthesis Method by Promentilla, M.A.B.; Janairo, J.I.B.; Yu, D.E.C. (2017) - However, optimal selection of such green synthesis method is a complex decision making problem under DOI: 10.3303/CET1761038 Please cite this article as: Promentilla M.A.B., Janairo J.I.B., Yu D.E.C., 2017, A green chemistry-based decision modelling approach for optimal selection of nanomaterial’s synthesis method, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 61, 241-246 DOI:10.3303/CET1761038 241 uncertainty that requires an integration of both tangible and intangible criteria in the evaluation process. An illustrative case study: selection of carbon nanotube synthesis methods In this case study, it is assumed that in the product development stage of selecting the most promising technology for synthesizing carbon nanotubes will involve criteria that are consistent with the green chemistry principles. Keywords: alternative; approach; carbon; cost; criteria; decision; potential; process; synthesis
• Investigations on the Removal of Hydrophobic Odorous Volatile Organic Compounds by Biotrickling Filtration Monitored With Electronic Nose by Rybarczyk, Piotr; Szulczynski, Bartosz; Gebicki, Jacek (2018) - These methods found successful application for monitoring of changes of odorous compounds concentration in biofiltration process (Szulczyński et al., 2018). Selected odorous compounds, identified in the nearby of municipal waste and wastewater treatment plants are specified in Table 1 (Lewkowska et al., 2016; Keywords: air; biofiltration; btf; compounds; gas; nose; pinene; process; removal
• Odour Treatment Method of Wastewater Treatment Plant Based on Biological Oxidation Process by Wang, Juan; Chen, Jifeng; Wang, Yiren; Wang, Ye; Yan, Hongling; Yan, Zhi (2018) - Sewage contains a large number of anaerobic organisms, which produce odours in the process of consuming DOI: 10.3303/CET1868077 Please cite this article as: Wang J., Chen J., Wang Y., Wang Y., Yan H., Yan Z., 2018, Odour treatment method of wastewater treatment plant based on biological oxidation process, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 68, 457-462 DOI: 10.3303/CET1868077 457 organic matter (Holman and Wareham, 2003). Odour treatment based on biological oxidation process 3.1 Biological process-based odour treatment The odour treatment based on biological process is: organic pollutants are first contacted with water and dissolved in water; due to the differential concentration, the organic matter is further diffused from the liquid film into the biofilm after being dissolved in water, and then is absorbed by the microbes in the biofilm; afterwards, the microorganism through the metabolism can eventually turn the foul smell in the waste gas into the energy and carbon source, and decompose the organic matter into water and carbon dioxide; thus, the odour treatment is finally fulfilled. Keywords: effect; gas; h2s; odour; oxidation; process; removal; treatment
• Application of RFID in Chemical Storage and Logistics Management by Miao, Aihua (2018) - According to the object-oriented analysis method, the demand analysis of intelligent monitoring system for hazardous chemicals logistics based on RFID and WSN is carried out, which analyzes the essential use cases of the system, the performance requirements for system design and other requirements. Due to the special nature of hazardous chemicals storage, after years of research and exploration, an RFID technology was developed (Ng et al., 2017). Keywords: chemicals; information; logistics; management; process; rfid; storage; system; technology; time; transportation
• cet-9565 by None (None) - It also offers the advantages of energy saving, reduced sludge production, maintenance and management, and biological treatment processes over the SBR. This novel STP design is highly recommended for sewage treatment in the reclaimed land and in the highly populated urban area where land is scarce and expensive. Keywords: aeration; bioax; land; mbs; process; sewage; stp; tank; treatment; water
• Mass Transfer Modeling Phenomena at Breakfast Cereal Hydrated with Lactose-free Milk by Artificial Neural Network, Empirical Models and Response Surface by Ibiapina, Andreia; Silva De Oliveira, Eduardo Henrique; Da Silva Soares, Camila Mariane; Oliveira De Aguiar, Aynaran; Da Silva, Warley Gramacho; Da Costa Alvim, Tarso; De Melo Filho, Antonio Alves; Souza Martins, Glendara Aparecida (2019) - References Balbinoti T. C. V., Jorge L. M. M., Jorge R. M. M., 2018, Mathematical modeling of paddy (Oryza sativa) hydration in different thermal conditions assisted by Raman spectroscopy. Fracasso A. F., Perussello C. A., Haminiuk C. W. I., Jorge L. M. M., Jorge R. M. M., 2014, Hydration kinetics of soybeans: Transgenic and conventional cultivars. Keywords: cereal; hydration; milk; model; process; response; surface; temperature; time
• Computational Evaluation of Reciprocally Agitated End-over-end (ra-eoe) Processing of Canned Food Products by Erdogdu, Ferruh; Karatas, Ozan; Sarghini, Fabrizio (2019) - Rather effective EoE rotation has been demonstrated in computational - experimental studies, and reciprocal agitation process was reported to impose forces up to 3-4 g to enhance the convection mixing. To predict temperature changes and velocity evolution inside the system, a multi-phase model was developed using a finite volume method, based on discretization of governing equations for liquid and gas phases in a non-inertial reference frame of moving mesh, up to 80 rpm rotation and reciprocal agitation rates were used, and the results demonstrated a possible improvement in the temperature increase and uniformity combining the two agitation methods. Keywords: agitation; eoe; process; rotation; temperature
• Morphological Analysis by Scanning Electron Microscopy of Dictyota Menstrualis in Natura and Following an Extraction Process by Lima, Ingrid; Martinez, Sabrina; Teixeira, Valeria; Gonzalez, Wilma (2019) - The aim of this work was to verify the morphology and chemical composition of macroalgae – Dictyota menstrualis (brown algae), before and after the extraction process with organic solvents using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX). DOI: 10.3303/CET1975096 Paper Received: 22 March 2018; Revised: 6 August 2018; Accepted: 20 January 2019 Please cite this article as: Lima I., Martinez S., Teixeira V., Gonzalez W., 2019, Morphological Analysis by Scanning Electron Microscopy of Dictyota Menstrualis in Natura and Following an Extraction Process, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 75, 571-576 DOI:10.3303/CET1975096 571 However, several articles have reported on the morphology of macroalgae biomasses in natura compared to macroalgae submitted to different treatments. Keywords: algae; biomass; chemical; dictyota; edx; extraction; marine; menstrualis; natura; process
• Reduced and Detailed Kinetic Models Comparison for Thermal Furnace of Sulfur Recovery Units by Andoglu, Ecem Muge; Dell'Angelo, Anna; Ranzi, Eliseo; Kaytakoglu, Suleyman; Manenti, Flavio (2019) - Zarei S., 2018, A modified kinetic reaction scheme for Claus reaction furnaces in oil refineries, Innovative Energy&Research, 7(3):215, 1-9. 654 Pahlavan M., Fanaei M. A., 2016, Modeling and simulation of Claus unit reaction furnace, Iranian Journal of Oil & Gas Science and Technology, 5, 42-52. Keywords: claus; furnace; kinetic; model; process; reaction; sulfur
• cet-9878 by None (None) - Simulation Results (Design Case) Simulation Results (Present Case) DGR inlet temperature 390oC 390oC 390oC DGR outlet temperature/ PRF inlet temperature 380oC 370oC 370oC PRF inlet temperature 380oC 380oC 380oC PRF outlet temperature/ SRF inlet temperature 809oC 810oC 811 SRF outlet temperature 939oC 957oC 962 SRF CH4 gas composition 0.3% 0.8438% 0.748% SRF CO gas composition 13% 12.94% 12.84% HTS inlet temperature 350oC 350oC 350oC HTS outlet temperature 416oC 423oC 423oC HTS CO gas composition 3% 2.99% 2.91% LTS inlet temperature 207oC 207oC 207oC LTS outlet temperature 225oC 225oC 225oC LTS CO gas composition 0.3% 0.29% 0.279% Methanator inlet temperature 320oC 320oC 320oC Methanator outlet temperature 351oC 351oC 351oC Methanator composition 0%CO and 0%CO2, 0.96% CH4 0%CO and 0%CO2, 0.0.88% CH4 Inlet gas H2/N2 ratio ammonia converter 2.78 2.74 Ammonia recycled from separator (Assumed) 16.24% 16.24% Ammonia converter inlet temperature 313.7oC 313.7oC 313.7oC Ammonia converter outlet temperature 370oC 370oC 370oC Ammonia converter NH3 composition 40.34% NH3 40.53% 676 Table 3: Comparisons of different plant production scenarios due to different NG composition (Jahngir,2000) Composition ZFCL CUFL PUFF NGFF PRF inlet SRF outlet PRF inlet SRF outlet PRF inlet SRF outlet PRF inlet SRF outlet CH4 98.24% 0.3 90.64 0.25 99.5 0.3 95 0.7 C2H6 1.44 0 3.26 0 0 0 3.1 0 C3H8 0.01 0 0.77 0 0 0 0.7 0 C4H10 0 0 0.57 0 0 0 0.2 0 Figure 1: AFCCL ammonia process plant within Aspen Plus 2.1 Process description Raw materials for the AFCL ammonia plant are natural gas, process air and H2O. NG from Titas and Hobgonj is passed through a knockout drum, filtration unit pre-heater and divides into two steams- fuel and process NG. Keywords: ammonia; aspen; composition; plant; process; safety; temperature
• cet-9879 by None (None) - As control inputs, reflux ratio (RR) and reboiler duty (QR) are considered for every column, and entrainer input flow is additionally considered for the dehydration column. In addition, if there is more than one choice of control input, and more than one control output, the matter turns into which control input would make the lesser effort to drive any control output, and the control input-control output pairing becomes in a combinatorial problem. Keywords: bioethanol; column; control; ethanol; input; process
• cet-9881 by None (None) - 692 2.2 Image Segmentation Models Before the raise of DL approaches, image segmentation methods were mainly based on hand-crafted features combined with simple classifiers (J. Shotton, 2009; Z. Tu, 2010; B. Fulkerson, 2009). Esteva A, Kuprel B, Novoa RA, Ko J, Swetter SM, Blau HM, et al., 2017, Dermatologist-level classification of skin cancer with deep neural networks, Nature;542(7639):115. Keywords: framework; image; infrared; monitoring; network; photos; process; segmentation; temperature; tube
• cet-9883 by None (None) - Results show indeed that process design based on steady state flexibility analysis considerably underestimates the optimal sizing required by the equipment extending this way the transient to elapse in order to restore the desired specifications, causing a corresponding off-spec production and a subsequent profit loss. On the other hand, if dynamic flexibility analysis is performed during the design phase, the engineer can decide, according to the perturbations likelihood, how much oversizing (that is additional costs) should be considered in order to avoid the risk of non-operable system under perturbated conditions. Keywords: analysis; column; design; dynamic; flexibility; process; state; variables
• cet-9884 by None (None) - Furthermore, Sσ and SE are the set of key process variables with requirements in precision and ability to be estimated, respectively: { } k As a consequence, the standard error, SE, for HSA_SOTS is zero in these experiences, which demonstrates an excellent ability of the method to replicate good solutions in each run. Keywords: algorithms; carnero; case; hsa_sots; process; search; sndp; solution; variables
• cet-9887 by None (None) - Process flow diagram for the present study (created using Aspen Plus V10) 2.2 Validation of the simulation model Before attempting any optimisation, we first validated the simulation model, by simulating the target process using the design data. Distillation processes are highly energy- intensive processes that account for about 40% of the energy consumed by the chemical industry. Keywords: butane; feedstock; flow; process; splitter

• Construction and Stability Studies on Industrial Chain Network of Circular Economy of Organic Chemical Industry by Zhang, Wei (2017) - Reference Bellantuono N., Carbonara N., Pontrandolfo P., 2017, The organization of eco-industrial parks and their sustainable practices, Journal of Cleaner Production, 161, 362-375, DOI: 10.1016/j.jclepro.2017.05.082 Geng Y., Fu J., Sarkis J., Xue B., 2012, Towards a national circular economy indicator system in China: An evaluation and critical analysis, Journal of Cleaner Production, 23(1), 216–224, DOI: 10.1016/j.jclepro.2011.07.005 George D.A.R., Lin B.C., Chen Y.M., 2015, A circular economy model of economic growth, Environmental Modelling & Software, 73, 60-63, DOI: 10.1016/j.envsoft.2015.06.014 Gołaszewska-Kaczan U., Kruk M., Śleszyńska-Świderska A., 2015, Eco-Labelling as a Tool of CSR: Opportunities and Threats, DOI: 10.15290/ose.2015.05.77.12 Hill J.E., 2014, The circular economy: From waste to resource stewardship, Proceedings of the Instution of Civil Engineers, 168(1), 3–13, DOI: 10.1680/warm.14.00003 1511 Junior R., Best P., Cotter J., 2014, Sustainability reporting and assurance: A historical analysis of a world-wide phenomenon, Journal of Business Ethics, 120(1), 1–11, DOI: 10.1007/s10551-013-1637-y Lieder M., Rashid A., 2016, Towards circular economy implementation: a comprehensive review in context of manufacturing industry, 115, 36-51, DOI: 10.1016/j.jclepro.2015.12.042 Lu B., Qi Q., Yang Y., 2014, Insights on the development progress of National Demonstration eco-industrial parks in China, Journal of Cleaner Production, 70, 4-14, DOI: 10.1016/j.jclepro.2014.01.084 Ming P., Janusz S., Jethro A., 2016, Design technologies for eco-industrial parks: From unit operations to processes, plants and industrial networks, Applied Energy, 175, 305-323, DOI: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2016.05.019 Miria F., Daniel A., Kleber E., 2016, Industrial symbiosis indicators to manage eco-industrial parks as dynamic systems, Journal of Cleaner Production, 118, 54-56, DOI: 10.1016/j.jclepro.2016.01.031 Murray A., Skene K., Haynes K., 2017, The Circular Economy: An Interdisciplinary Exploration of the Concept and Application in a Global Context, Journal of Business Ethics, 140(3), 369-380, DOI: 10.1007/s10551- 015-2693-2 Qing H.Z., Yong G., Joseph S., 2015, Barriers to Promoting Eco-Industrial Parks Development in China, Journal of Industrial Ecology, 19(3), 457-467, DOI: 10.1111/jiec.12176 Roger A.S., 2016, Green chemistry and resource efficiency: towards a green economy, Green Chem, 18, 3180-3183, DOI: 10.1039/c6gc90040b Schneider A., 2015, Reflexivity in sustainability accounting and management: Transcending the economic focus of corporate sustainability, Journal of Business Ethics, 127(3), 525–536, DOI:10.1007/s10551-014- 2058-2 Shu Y.P., Michael A.D., I-Te H., 2015, Strategies on implementation of waste-to-energy(WTE) supply chain for circular economy system: a review, Journal of Cleaner Production, 108, 409-421, DOI: 10.1016/j.jclepro.2015.06.124 Shujie M., Shanying H., Dingjiang C., 2015, A case study of a phosphorus chemical firm's application of resource efficiency and eco-efficiency in industrial metabolism under circular economy, Journal of Cleaner Production, 87, 839-849, DOI: 10.1016/j.jclepro.2014.10.059 Singh J., Ordonez I., 2016, Resource recovery from post-consumer waste: important lessons for the upcoming circular economy, Journal of Cleaner Production, 134, 342-353, DOI: 10.1016/j.jclepro.2015.12.020 Su B., Heshmati A., Geng Y., Yu X., 2013, A review of the circular economy in China: moving from rhetoric to implementation, Journal of Cleaner Production, 42, 215–227, DOI: 10.1016/j.jclepro.2012.11.020 Zhou Z.F., Zhao W., Chen X., Zeng H., 2017, MFCA extension from a circular economy perspective: Model modifications and case study, Journal of Cleaner Production, 149, 110-125, DOI: 10.1016/j.jclepro.2017.02.049 1512 Based on the concept and theories of circular economy, this paper designs a series of circular economy target system of chemical industry, builds the effectiveness evaluation model through combining with practical situation of chemical industry, and proposes that building chemical industry parks is the reasonable model of circular economy development. Keywords: chain; chemical; chemical industry; development; doi; economy; industry; production; waste
• Transesterification of Palm Oils Catalyzed by Ionic Liquid in Microwave Heated Reactors by Phromphithak, Sanphawat; Tippayawong, Nakorn (2020) - The objective of this study was to investigate ChOH ionic liquid catalyst for transesterification in batch and continuous microwave heating processes. To the authors’ knowledge, this was the first time that ChOH ionic liquid was investigated in a microwave heated, continuous flow reactor. Keywords: biodiesel; catalyst; choh; ester; heating; liquid; methanol; microwave; oil; palm; production
• cet-10841 by None (None) - : Life cycle inventory of the main inputs and outputs for starch aerogel production, and nimesulide impregnation on starch aerogel with respect to 1.5 g tablet. In this work, the environmental impacts of starch aerogel loaded with nimesulide, a widely employed nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug, using supercritical carbon dioxide impregnation were calculated, following a Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) approach. Keywords: aerogel; carbon; impregnation; lca; marco; production; starch
• cet-10842 by None (None) - Table 1: Variables and levels of Central Composite Rotational Design (CCRD) for biosurfactant production by P. sclerotiorum. Table 2: Surface tension (ST) as a parameter to evaluate biosurfactant production by P. sclerotiorum in medium containing whey and barley. Keywords: barley; biosurfactant; oil; production; sclerotiorum; surface; whey
• cet-10843 by None (None) - Waste has high content of cellulose and hemicellulose (Mishra et al., 2010), so it is possible to use this waste as raw material for producing animal feed (Agneesens et al., 2010), organic acids (Karthikeyan and Sivakumar, 2010), bio fertilizers (Scarlett et al., 20018), medical uses (Scarlett et al., 20018), and clean energies by biological processes as a good source of sugar (Kulkarni et al., 2016). Bioreactor designed and build for hydrogen production. Keywords: butyricum; concentration; et al; fermentation; hydrogen; production
• cet-10846 by None (None) - Given the demand for production and, as mentioned above, an alternative to hydrogen production as a source of clean energy is residual biomass. Finally, it is essential to mention that the pH was adjusted to 5.5, which turned out to be suitable to aid production yields, as several studies have shown that pH between 5 and 6 have been optimal for higher hydrogen production yields (Balachandar et al., 2013). Keywords: cocoa; energy; gvs; hydrogen; load; production; temperature
• cet-10847 by None (None) - Jiang, M., Dai, W., Xi, Y., Wu, M., Kong, X., Ma, J., Wei, P., 2014, Succinic acid production from sucrose by Actinobacillus succinogenes NJ113,Bioresource technology, 153, 327-332. Lin, S. K. C., Du, C., Koutinas, A., Wang, R., & Webb, C., 2008, Substrate and product inhibition kinetics in succinic acid production by Actinobacillus succinogenes. Keywords: acid; concentration; glucose; production; productivity; succinic; sucrose; sugars; xylose
• cet-11165 by None (None) - However, Sadenova et al. (2019) proposed a technology for involving metallurgical slag in the synthesis of ceramic materials for environmental catalysis, based on powder metallurgy methods. It is necessary to establish the laws of the genesis of ceramic materials containing metallurgical slag depending on the composition and processing conditions. Keywords: ceramic; materials; production; slag; strength; temperature
• Anaerobic Co-Digestion of Food Waste with Crude Glycerol for Biogas Production by Jensani, Muhammad Khairul Nizam; Sadikin, Aziatul Niza; Ngadi, Norzita; Azman, Muhammad Fakhrullah; Ab Muis, Zarina; Asli, Umi Aisah (2021) - Rafidah S., Newati W., 2016, Anaerobic Co-digestion of Food Waste and Palm Oil Mill Effluent for Phosphorus recovery: Effect of Reduction of Total Solids, Volatile Solids and Cations, Transactions on Science and Technology, 3(1-2), 265-270. aziatulniza@utm.my Biogas production from anaerobic co-digestion of food waste and crude glycerol was investigated in this study. Keywords: anaerobic; biogas; digestion; food; glycerol; production; waste
• cet-1163 by None (None) - In this paper, in light of the toxic gas leaks in chemical production plant areas, we conduct dynamic monitoring on hazardous gases like methane and formaldehyde, select appropriate sensor chips and gas sensors, and complete the wireless sensor network in the self-organized form based on the wireless sensor zigbee protocol, and then achieve the information exchange between the wireless sensor network and PC through appropriate portals and design and implement a hazardous gas monitoring system. Conclusions We deploy a number of wireless sensor gas detection nodes in the complex chemical production area, and establish a hazardous gas monitoring system based on WSN through the ZigBee mode. Keywords: chemical; doi; engineering; gas; monitoring; network; production; sensor; system; transactions; wireless
• Development of Tools Enabling the Deployment and Management of a Multi-energy Renewable Energy Community with Hybrid Storage by Ustolin, Federico; Hendrick, Patrick; Paltrinieri, Nicola (2021) - Within the framework of the “Smart Energy Systems” ERA-Net (European Research Area Network), the recently funded “H2 CoopStorage” project responds to the challenges posed by the deployment of renewable energy production means, by improving local balancing, by reducing renewable intermittences and by intensifying the production of renewable energy. The H2CS project responds to the challenges posed by the deployment of renewable energy production means, by improving local balancing and by reducing renewable intermittences. Keywords: community; electricity; energy; hydrogen; production; project; risk; storage; system; tools
• cet-11940 by None (None) - Membrane cleaning contributes to the reactor’s operating cost to a large extent, including energy, chemicals and even production loss. Therefore, membrane cleaning is critical (Popović et al., 2010). Keywords: biodiesel; chemical; cleaning; cost; fouling; membrane; model; production; reactor
• cet-12518 by None (None) - The monitoring of microbial growth and its physiology allow to infer that the cells did not present stress when changing from an orbital shaking agitation to a continued stirred reactor, this system may favour oxygen mixing and transfer processes which may influence cell integrity 122 and increase in protein production (Bagagli and Sato 2013). Table 2: Protein production at Flask and Bioreactor level 1Average Production Enzyme; 2Percentage Improvement Production compared whit flask level 0,0 0,2 0,4 0,6 0,8 1,0 1,2 1,4 1,6 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 O pt ic al D en si ty 5 95 (n m ) Time (h) Biomass Production at 350 rpm Test 1 Test 2 0,0 0,2 0,4 0,6 0,8 1,0 1,2 1,4 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 O pt ic al D en si ty 5 95 (n m ) Time (h) Biomass Production at 220 rpm Test 1 Test 2 a) b) Agitation (rpm) Test NIC1 (µg/mL) ANIC2 (µg/mL) IC3 (µg/mL) AIC4 (µg/mL) 220 1 857 883.25 1352.66 1465.83 2 909.5 1579 350 1 1141 1197.75 3071 2973.5 2 1254.5 2876 Scale Agitation (rpm) APE1 (µg/mL) PIP2 (µg/mL) Keywords: agitation; bioreactor; coli; polymerase; production; protein; rpm; taq; test
• cet-12520 by None (None) - Previous studies by Colombo et al. (Colombo et al., 2017) used the Organic Fraction of Municipal Solid Waste (OFMSW) for VFAs production and PHAs accumulation, obtaining the following yields: 151 g VFAs/kg This substrate-inoculum ratio was chosen following the work from Strazzera et al. (2018), in order to guarantee carbon availability to the inoculum and promote VFAs production. Keywords: food; production; rfw; substrates; vfas; waste
• cet-12526 by None (None) - tetA) was transformed by electroporation with a pET plasmid containing sequence encoding for CTPR10 protein. Table 2: Performance Summary Batch 36.5°C Fed-batch 36.5°C Fed-batch 36.5-20°C Fresh weight 54g 230g 484g Intracellular protein 4g 17.8g 45g Another parameter that has been evaluated is the percentage of induction of CTPR10 on the total of intracellular proteins produced. Keywords: batch; ctpr10; fed; fermentation; induction; iptg; production; proteins; total
• cet-12535 by None (None) - This partial pressure of hydrogen seems to have caused the increase in acetate production, with a rate of 9.7mg/Ld. Comparing the net acetate production rates at the two different pH values, it is interesting to highlight similar performances of the A.woodii in terms of acetate production, indeed, the two operational pH allowed for acetate production with different kinetics (Figure 1-C). Keywords: acetate; hydrogenophilic; production; rate; tests; woodii
• cet-12538 by None (None) - The data from the flow cytometry analysis revealed that the higher amounts of lipid storage, in the form of lipid bodies, occur when Y. lipolytica W29 growth was carried out on 200 g/L WCO supplemented medium. 3. Results and discussion 3.1 Optimisation of high-throughput growth conditions Y. lipolytica W29 is known for its ability to grow on both hydrophilic and hydrophobic substrates. Keywords: cell; growth; lipid; lipolytica; medium; production; w29; wco; yarrowia; yeast
• cet-12539 by None (None) - Contrarily to biomass production (Table 1), higher lipase activity was shown in supernatants derived from WCO- containing cultures compared to OO and FFA-containing cultures despite other findings that suggest a significant correlation between high level of biomass production and lipase activity (Corzo and Revah, 1999). Materials and Methods 2.1 Strains, Media and Culture Conditions Yarrowia lipolytica W29 (ATCC20460) strain was used in this work. Keywords: activity; carbon; lipase; lipolytica; production; wco; yarrowia
• cet-12544 by None (None) - It can be noted that a difference has always been measured when working different configurations, thus implying the need for testing several geometries to find the one that allows to work at higher superficial gas velocities, and to obtain higher mass transfer rates. Scaling up bubble column reactors. Keywords: aspect; gas; phb; production; ratio; transition; volume
• cet-12566 by None (None) - 3.2 Modeling of biodiesel/diesel SC economic performance The economic assessments are the costs related to the plant, which include the total investment costs for biodiesel production capacity (B100) and the operation of the SC. 𝑇𝐷𝐶𝑡 = 𝑇𝐼𝐶𝑡 + 𝑇𝑃𝐶𝑡 + 𝑇𝑇𝐶𝑡 + 𝑇𝑇𝐴𝑋𝐵𝑡 − 𝑇𝐿𝑡, ∀𝑡, 𝑡 ∈ 𝑇 (3) where TDCt the total costs of biodiesel/diesel SC, ($/y); TICt the total investment costs for biodiesel/diesel SC production capacity according to the period of operation and the purchase of biorefineries, ($/y); TPCt the production costs in biodiesel production (B100), ($/y); TTCt the total transportation costs, ($/y); TTAXBt the GHG emissions tax charged according to the total CO2, generated during the operation of the SC ($/y); TLt the government incentives for biodiesel production and consumption (B100), ($/y). Avami, A., 2012, A model for biodiesel supply chain: A case study in Iran, Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 16(6), 4196-4203. Keywords: biodiesel; chain; costs; criterion; optimization; production; supply
• cet-12734 by None (None) - About 125 kt of food waste was generated, of which the majority (90 kt or 72 %) was plant food waste. Food waste is divided into edible and inedible parts, and conversion factors for biogas or biochar are estimated. Keywords: chain; energy; food; food waste; production; slovenia; supply; waste
• cet-12736 by None (None) - The constant annual increase in the global demand for food production is taking a toll on the current global supply of such commodity fertilisers and phosphate rocks. Table 4: Effects of different fertilisers on the yield components of tomato, eggplant, cabbage, and mustard Treatment Yield per plot in kg Tomato Eggplant Cabbage Mustard Treatment 1 (No fertiliser) 3.26b 8.99b 0.89b 1.43b Treatment 2 (Ammonium phosphate) 5.12a 13.13a 1.84a 2.68a Treatment 3 (Recycled P-fertiliser) 5.18a 11.69a 1.53a 2.58a a,bMeans with different letters differ significantly at the 5 % level using Tukey HSD 3.4 Engagement with the farmers An online training which was organized by the Society for the Conservation of Philippine Wetland was held with the Filipino farmers from Arayat, Pampanga and Victoria, Laguna to increase the level of awareness on the impact of agriculture on the environment and the interrelationship of sanitation and nutrient pollution to water bodies. Keywords: analysis; farm; fertiliser; food; phosphate; phosphorous; production; raw; salikneta; septage; struvite; treatment; wastewater
• cet-12749 by None (None) - Thomas et al. (2009) compared central and distributed hydrogen production costs. This paper provides an overview of the principal published data of equipment manufacturers and essential scientific articles on both technical and economic issues of hydrogen production for these purposes. Keywords: capacity; cost; energy; gas; h-1; hydrogen; price; production; reforming; smr; units
• cet-12754 by None (None) - ISBN 978-88-95608-93-8; ISSN 2283-9216 Charcoal Briquette Production from Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) Shells using Cornick Industry Wastewater as Binder through a Torrefaction Process Roselle Y. Mamuada,b, Joyce H. Racuyaa, Angelo Earvin Sy Choib,* aDepartment of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, Mariano Marcos State University, City of Batac, 2906, Ilocos Norte bDepartment of Chemical Engineering, De La Salle University, 2401 Taft Ave, Manila 0922, Philippines angelo.choi@dlsu.edu.ph The torrefaction process was applied to the peanut shells to produce charcoal briquette using Cornick industry wastewater as a binder and a charcoal briquetting press. The characteristics of the charcoal briquettes derived from peanut shells and Cornick wastewater as a binder were compared to the standards for charcoal briquettes used in grilling, cooking, and for electricity generation. Keywords: analysis; binder; biomass; briquette; charcoal; content; peanut; production; shell; wt.%
• cet-12769 by None (None) - Hydrogen energy, economy and storage: Review and recommendation. Waste-to-energy nexus for circular economy and environmental protection: Recent trends in hydrogen energy. Keywords: carbon; challenges; cost; economy; energy; fossil; fuels; green; hydrogen; hydrogen production; production; technology; waste
• cet-12780 by None (None) - The production and utilization of green ammonia is specifically analyzed here, making it the first of its kind to analyze optimization-based synthesis of green ammonia networks. Produced primarily by the Haber-Bosch process, ammonia production has become more efficient over time through many technological advancements. Keywords: ammonia; carbon; distribution; emissions; energy; hydrogen; network; production; synthesis; utilization
• cet-12796 by None (None) - Brink H. G., Nicol W., 2014, Succinic acid production with Actinobacillus succinogenes: rate and yield analysis of chemostat and biofilm cultures, Microbial Cell Factories, 13, 111. Dessie W., Xin F., Zhang W., Jiang Y., Wu H., Ma J., Jiang M., 2018, Opportunities, challenges, and future perspectives of succinic acid production by Actinobacillus succinogenes, Appl Microbiol Biotechnol, 102, 9893-9910. Keywords: acid; et al; fermentation; glucose; production; succinogenes
• cet-12816 by None (None) - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2020.118804 Senatore V., Zarra T., Pahunang R. R., Oliva G., Belgiorno V., Ballesteros F. C., Naddeo V., 2021°, Sustainable odour and greenhouse gas emissions control in wastewater treatment plant by advanced biotechnology- based system. 2.3.2 Assessment of PBR performance on CO2 fixation and simultaneous lipids production The PBR was fed with the outlet gas from the MBBR. Keywords: co2; gas; h-1; lipids; m-3; mean; production; xylene
• cet-12831 by None (None) - Determination of odour concentration by dynamic olfactometry) from the laboratory of ENVIROMETRICS and (b) the data on the flow and temperature of the flue gases and the geometrical characteristics of the chimneys of the installations as provided by the installations themselves. Given the lack of regulatory atmospheric quality limits for odour concentrations, the results of the dispersion model were compared with the British Environment Agency guidelines (98th percentile of hourly peak concentrations C> 1.5 ouE lower case / m3) and the limit values of the German TA Luft Standard (Odour periods: 6-minutes where odours are detectable (C> 1 ouE / m3). Keywords: area; city; compounds; concentration; dispersion; odour; period; production; volos
• cet-12849 by None (None) - The scope of the present study is based however on the biological treatment of sugar industry wastewater using microorganisms via anaerobic digestion. Temperatures between 31 ℃ and 41 ℃ have been reported for other sugar industry wastewater with treated effluent having the lowest range (Kolhe et al., 2009). Keywords: chemical; effluent; industry; production; sugar; treatment; wastewater
• cet-12853 by None (None) - At times with higher energy prices just before or after the minima of the energy prices, the product B is produced at lower throughputs and therefore with a higher energetic efficiency. [-] Batch production 1h – energy price 2h - energy price 4h – energy price 8h – energy price 172.3% 100.0% 100.2% 101.1% 102.7% 155.7% 100.7% 100.7% 100.7% 101.2% 1h – energy emission 2h – energy emission 4h – energy emission 110.1% 111.4% 111.4% 100.0% 100.6% 100.6% 8h – energy emission 114.4% 101.0% The reference case for this investigation is the batch production case. Keywords: energy; optimization; price; production; throughput; time; ̇ �; � ̇
• cet-12858 by None (None) - Many authors have presented strategies to deal with changing electric energy prices based on the day-ahead (electric) energy price referred to as demand site management e.g. by Leo et al. (2021) or Bree et al. (2018). Production plants as large consumers of electric power can participate in different markets for electric energy. Keywords: cost; electric; energy; operation; optimization; plant; production; reactor; zeolite
• cet-12860 by None (None) - The performance obtained based on the maximum value of the test with LED light bulbs for 110 W, taking into account the expenditure of 0.720 m3 of biogas volume to obtain 4.134 Kw-h of total energy with 0.100 Kw-h of useful energy, is found the value of 2.418 % (Table 4); This value represents a low performance due to the low outlet pressure of the gasholder and probably due to the design of the mixer, which is still being investigated. It was verified after two tests that the power of the electrical energy with 110 W LED light bulbs registered a power of 100.28 W and for 100 W incandescent light bulbs a power of 56.42 W was registered demonstrating effectiveness with less loss of energy power to LED light bulbs. Keywords: biogas; bulbs; energy; load; power; production; sludge; volume
• cet-13060 by None (None) - Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co- hydroxyvalerate) was reported to have better characteristics compared to poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) (PHB) (Table 1): PHB-co-HV has a lower melting point, allowing a wider thermal processing window, is more flexible, less permeable to water and less crystalline than PHB (Myung et al., 2016). Similar results were previously reported in the literature (Myung et al., 2015), thus confirming the validity of the model implemented (Amabile et al., 2022c). Keywords: acid; biomass; methane; phb; poly(3; production
• cet-13082 by None (None) - Mainly, the DFB technology was developed to commercial scale for biomass steam gasification in a plant in Güssing, Austria (Pfeifer et al., 2009). Table 1: Biomass gasification technologies (Costa et al., 2021). Keywords: bio; biomass; biomass gasification; co2; dfb; gasification; production; psa; steam; syngas
• cet-13083 by None (None) - Ambrose H. W., Chin C. T. L., Hong E., Philip L., Suraishkumar G. K., Sen T. K., Khiadani M., 2020, Effect of hybrid (microwave-H2O2) feed sludge pretreatment on single and two-stage anaerobic digestion efficiency of real mixed sewage sludge, Process Safety and Environmental Protection, 136, 194-202. The observed distribution was quite similar to those found in the literature from batch sewage sludge test without a pH-control strategy, thermally, and non-thermally pretreated: (Zhang et al., 2019; Morgan-Sagastume et al., 2015). Keywords: anaerobic; biogas; fermentation; h2o2; pretreatment; production; scfas; sludge; tannery; tests
• cet-13086 by None (None) - Although being currently not economically competitive (Ajanovic et al., 2022), hydrogen production via bioprocess is considered to be a promising method in terms of sustainability, due to its mild operative conditions (usually operated at room temperature (Pal et al., 2022), compared to 700–1100 °C of steam reforming (Baeyens et al., 2020)), its minimal net greenhouse gas emissions (Pal et al., 2022), and the possibility to exploit wastes and wastewaters as carbon and energy sources for the microorganisms involved in its production (Rai and Singh, 2016). Further tests should be carried out to correct the operative conditions (lighting system and illuminated surface) or to establish a more effective pretreatment of the fermentative broth, to ensure PNSB growth as well as hydrogen production. Keywords: broth; concentration; fermentation; growth; hydrogen; medium; pnsb; production
• cet-13095 by None (None) - K. bacillosporus ATCC 200960, P. fermentans WC 1507, and W. anomalus WC 1501 were the only strains that exhibited xylose generation and were thus selected for deeper investigation of xylitol production. The pulse had the effect of improving xylitol production by K. bacillosporus ATCC 200960 and P. fermentans WC 1507, while the effect on W. anomalus WC 1501 was minor (Figure 1). Keywords: fermentans; hemp; production; xylitol; xylose
• cet-13130 by None (None) - More in details the experimental work was conducted using a mixed culture enriched in acetogens by shock treatments, a mixed culture enriched in acetogens with bioaugmentation of A.woodii, and a pure culture of A.woodii., The test conducted at -0.9 V vs SHE with mixed culture showed that acid production was 150 times more predominant than methanogenesis, in fact the low current intensity of -0.5 mA proved to be a key factor in culture mixed to minimize the production of by-product methane. -0.9 V vs SHE with mixed culture Keywords: acetate; acid; co2; culture; mmol; production
• cet-13149 by None (None) - It was found that the Middle East and North America are considered to be the optimal regions for blue ammonia production due to their low cost of natural gas and long-term storage capacity for blue ammonia, as shown in Figure 3. 3.5 Blue ammonia at Qatar, a case study Qatar is embarking on constructing the largest blue ammonia plant in the world to diversify and expand its energy sector. Approximately 2% of CO2 emissions from ammonia production come from the conversion of hydrocarbon into H2 through a thermolysis/hydrocracking process during ammonia manufacturing (Cechetto, Di Felice et al. 2021). Keywords: ammonia; carbon; energy; fuel; hydrogen; production; qatar; technology
• cet-13159 by None (None) - Farias C.B.B., Almeida F.C.G., Silva I.A., Souza T.C., Meira H.M., Soares da Silva R.C.F., Sarubbo, L.A. Production of green surfactants: Market prospects. The evaluated processing condition (agitation times) depending on the volume of the mixing vessel can directly influence the final characteristics of the product after hours of rest. Keywords: agitation; biodetergent; formulation; oil; production; removal; silva; stability
• cet-13163 by None (None) - Light olefin production was mainly due to hydrogen transfer via carbenium ion and C–C cracking through the β-scission mechanism during cracking. Fluid catalytic cracking and steam cracking are the key technologies to produce light olefins. Keywords: catalyst; cracking; light; olefins; production; selectivity; zsm-5
• cet-13178 by None (None) - Derabli B., Nancib A., Nancib N., Aníbal J., Raposo S., Rodrigues B., Boudrant J., 2022, Opuntia ficus indica waste as a cost-effective carbon source for lactic acid production by Lactobacillus plantarum, Food Chemistry, 370. El-Sheshtawy H.S., Fahim I., Hosny M., El-Badry M.A., 2022, Optimization of lactic acid production from agro- industrial wastes produced by Kosakonia cowanii, Current Research in Green and Sustainable Chemistry, 5. Keywords: acid; pla; production; − 𝐸𝑁𝐷; − 𝑅; 𝐷 −; 𝐻2𝑂; 𝐿 −; 𝐿𝐴 −
• cet-13181 by None (None) - Verma D., Kumar R., Rana B. S, Sinha A. K, 2011, Aviation fuel production from lipids by a single-step route using hierarchical mesoporous zeolites, Energy environ. Pearlson M., Wollersheim C., Hileman J., 2013, A techno-economic review of hydroprocessed Renewable esters and fatty acids for jet fuel production, Biofuels, Bioproducts And Biorefining, 7, 89-96. Keywords: analysis; aviation; biokerosene; energy; fuel; hydrogen; oil; price; production; route; soybean; usd
• cet-13197 by None (None) - Shrivastava P., Khongphakdi P., Palamanit A., Kumar A., Tekasakul P., 2021, Investigation of physicochemical properties of oil palm biomass for evaluating potential of biofuels production via pyrolysis processes, Biomass Conversion and Biorefinery, 11(5), 1987–2001. Malaysia is the second largest producer of palm oil and currently strengthening her palm oil production rate due to increase in the global demand (Ramli et al., 2016). Keywords: analysis; biomass; coal; energy; et al; oil; palm; podc; production
• Life Cycle Assessment of Flax and Camelina for Biodiesel Production in Sicily (Southern Italy) by Bacenetti, J.; Restuccia, A.; Schillaci, G.; Fiala, M.; Failla, S. (2017) - Table 3: Environmental impact assessment for 1 ton of biodiesel Impact category Unit Flax Camelina Climate change kg CO2 eq 4484 5702 Ozone depletion mg CFC-11 eq 0.394 0.383 Terrestrial acidification kg SO2 eq 84.04 109.04 Freshwater eutrophication g P eq 1.244 1.597 Marine eutrophication kg N eq 119.42 155.65 Particulate matter formation kg PM10 eq 15.18 19.60 Metal depletion kg Fe eq 268.18 345.19 Fossil depletion kg oil eq 821.43 994.12 Figure 2: Relative comparison between the biodiesel produced from: flax (green) and Respect to camelina, seed flax production is responsible for higher environmental impact for OD (+4%, due to higher amount of seed used at sowing). Keywords: biodiesel; camelina; flax; impact; pressing; production; seed
• Increasing the Value of Spent Grain from Craft Microbreweries for Energy Purposes by Sperandio, G.; Amoriello, T.; Carbone, K.; Fedrizzi, M.; Monteleone, A.; Tarangioli, S.; Pagano, M. (2017) - Figure 1: Percentage breakdown of annual operating costs of the small plant of pellets production in relation to 1,600 h y-1 of usage 489 Figure 1 shows the relative contribution of the single items on the managing costs of the pelletizing plant, whereas Table 2 shows the main elements and the costs calculated for three different levels of plant capacity utilisation. The paper also reports the technical and economic analysis of the design solution feasibility linked to the production of BSG pellets for energy use. Keywords: bsg; content; costs; grain; pellets; plant; production; y-1
• Study of the Eco-efficiency of Biodiesel Production from the Fruit of the Jatropha Curcas Plant by Castaneda, I.; Bojaca, V.; Ramos, G.; Santis, A.; Acevedo, P. (2017) - Conclusions The crop is the most significant life cycle stage in Jatropha Curcas biodiesel life cycle, representing almost the total of the potential environmental impacts. Since in Colombia there are not Jatropha Curcas biodiesel production plants on an industrial scale, the inventory analysis for this stage was carried out by constructing the mass and energy balances of the process in a process simulator: UniSim®. Keywords: biodiesel; curcas; cycle; impact; jatropha; life; oil; production; stage
• cet-13488 by None (None) - In light of a strong desire for improvement of PHA biosynthesis, previous studies have mainly focused on nutrient limitation (e.g. N, P, S or Fe) (Chen and Jiang, 2018), overexpression of PHA synthesis pathways, shutting down competitiveness pathways (Zhuang et al., 2014), enhancing the NADH or NADPH supply (Ling et al., 2018), changing cell growth patterns for rapid proliferation, morphological engineering to increase the cell size (Jiang et al.,2012), the optimization of promoter or the ribosome binding site (Li et al., 2016) or engineering alternative extremophilic bacteria chassis (Tan et al., 2014). Although there are still drawbacks, our results basically proclaim that the amount of gained PHA by using WFO is higher than glycerol which is the material of choice for PHA production. Keywords: carbon; cdw; glucose; glycerol; medium; oil; pha; production; putida; strains; wfo
• cet-13510 by None (None) - The dependency of the viscoelastic module with the strain frequency for semolina doughs is well described by the weak gel model (Gabriele et al., 2001), which considers the presence of a supramolecular structure formed by droplets, solid particles, fibres, etc. Conclusions The rheological properties of semolina dough are influenced by its formulation and production conditions in a complex way. Keywords: dough; parameters; production; properties; salt; time
• cet-13512 by None (None) - As such, a significant number of graduates work in food process industries, the core of cooking is chemical transformation after all. The core food-science related course outcomes are for students to develop: 1) Their understanding of the chemical constituents of foods; 2) A familiarity with the most common reaction families in food production; 3) An understanding of the colloid and surface chemistry that occurs in many food systems; 4) Keywords: chemical; course; engineering; food; problem; production; students
• cet-13519 by None (None) - Figure 2: Dadant Blatt type hives during positioning in site B. The developed system consisted of a series of sensors connected to a microcontroller, which acquires the data and periodically sends them to a server via modem. Although the initial weight of the hives is similar (35 ± 1 kg), at the end of the period considered there is a difference of about 10 kg between the most productive hive (hive 2) and the least productive (hive 1). Keywords: april; data; hive; honey; monitoring; production; site; study; system
• cet-13528 by None (None) - Mejoramiento de la capacidad productiva y comercial de aguaymanto de la asociación provincial de productores ecológicos de la provincia de Cajamarca. Citogenética comparativa de Physalis peruviana en tres poblaciones cultivadas de Cajamarca, Perú. Keywords: association; business; cajamarca; fruit; goldenberry; governance; industry; market; perú; producers; production; research; transaction
• cet-13529 by None (None) - This food has a starch content like corn; therefore, food industries use yam starch as a corn starch alternative. Enzymatic hydrolysis was used to convert starch into fermentable sugars (yam flour and potato starch). Keywords: consumption; ethanol; fermentation; flour; production; starch; total; yam
• Assessment of Citrus Pulp Availability for Biogas Production by Using a GIS-based Model: the Case Study of an Area in Southern Italy by Valenti, F.; Porto, S.M.C.; Chinnici, G.; Cascone, G.; Arcidiacono, C. (2017) - To this aim a GIS-based model, previously defined and applied to evaluate the amount of citrus pulp production at a regional level, was applied to the case study of Catania province (Sicily, Italy). To this aim, citrus producing areas and citrus production as well as the average percentage of citrus pulp production and its availability were computed for each municipality. Keywords: biogas; catania; citrus; citrus pulp; data; processing; production; pulp; study
• Lignocellulosic Biomass from Fast-Growing Species in Colombia and their Use as Bioresources for Biofuel Production by Hernandez, M.A.; Jaime, C.; Romero, J.; Leon-Pulido, J.; Cabeza, I.O. (2017) - In this sense, eleven (11) families were selected and compiled in twenty one (21) species according to soil type and crop requirement. Two main groups were defined during this analysis: species established in Colombia and species not yet reported in Colombia. Keywords: biomass; cauca; colombia; energy; potential; production; species; year
• Case Study of Potential Production of Renewable Energy Sources (RES) from Livestock Wastes in Mediterranean Islands by Attard, G.; Comparetti, A.; Febo, P.; Greco, C.; Mammano, M.M.; Orlando, S. (2017) - Comparetti A., Greco C., Navickas K., Venslauskas K., 2012, Evaluation of potential biogas production in Sicily, Proceedings of the 11th International Scientific Conference “Engineering for Rural Development”, Jelgava, Latvia, 24-25 May 2012, 555-559. The potential biogas production (Bm) from animal manure has been determined according to the following Eq. Keywords: animal; biogas; biomethane; energy; livestock; malta; manure; mediterranean; potential; production; slurry
• Potential Production of Biogas from Prinkly Pear (Opuntia ficus-indica L.) in Sicilian Uncultivated Areas by Comparetti, A.; Febo, P.; Greco, C.; Mammano, M.M.; Orlando, S. (2017) - 563 Comparetti A., Greco C., Navickas K., Venslauskas K., 2012, Evaluation of potential biogas production in Sicily, Proceedings of the 11th International Scientific Conference “Engineering for Rural Development”, Jelgava, Latvia, 24-25 May 2012, 555-559. This increased demand might be met through the cultivation of high WUE plants, having the capacity for high biomass production, such as Opuntia spp. Keywords: areas; biogas; energy; pear; potential; prinkly; production; sicilian
• A Database Approach for Simulating the Produced Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Biogas Plants by Maze, M.; Zerhusen, B.; Effenberger, M. (2017) - The accounting of the GHGs produced from biogas plants is an essential step for evaluating and improving this type of energy supply. Please cite this article as: Maze M., Zerhusen B., Effenberger M., 2017, A database approach for simulating the produced greenhouse gas emissions from biogas plants, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 58, 595-600 DOI: 10.3303/CET1758100 595 Here we present a database approach for assembling a biogas system model and calculating the expected GHG emissions from it, taking into consideration the environmental and technical factors. Keywords: biogas; database; emissions; energy; ghg; input; model; plant; production; utilization; web
• cet-13686 by None (None) - The GWPs of conventional ethylene production in China (Zhao et al., 2018) from the processes of Shale Gas Steam Cracking (SSC), Methanol to Olefins (NGMTO), Corn-based and Cassava-based Ethanol to Ethylene (ETE) 817 were determined in the ranges of 0.75 - 1.05, 2.1, 2.7 - 4.1 and 4.3 - 7.4 kg CO2 eq / kg of ethylene production, respectively. The climate change footprint savings of 116.87 %, 120 %, and 112.46 % occurred due to the adoption of the CO2 captured processes as compared with conventional ethylene production processes using naphtha, thane, and Ethanol as resources, respectively. Keywords: capture; carbon; change; climate; co2; ethylene; impact; processes; production; system
• cet-13691 by None (None) - Combining AutographPC® and Prosper enables a detailed evaluation of ESP system productivity and performance. CanSystem introduces several improvements to ESP systems, including enhanced productivity, reduced space requirements, and ease of corrosion treatment. Keywords: analysis; cansystem; esp; flow; lift; oil; performance; pressure; production; productivity; reservoir; system
• cet-13692 by None (None) - The present study proposes a mixed integer non-linear programming approach to the optimal design of a sustainable SC for the production of two types of dairy products with a choice of technology, which includes models of economic, environmental and social impact as well as dairy production. The production of dairy products in the relevant supply chains (SCs) is associated with the generation of significant amounts of pollutants in the wastewater and CO2 emissions into the air, which released into the environment can cause a great risk of its pollution. Keywords: bgn; costs; dairies; dairy; environmental; markets; milk; production; products; suppliers
• cet-13744 by None (None) - To optimize hydrogen production, 𝑌𝐻2 was defined as the amount of hydrogen production rate (𝑞𝑔𝑎𝑠,𝐻2) over 𝑆𝑖𝑛, while 𝑃𝐻2 represents the ratio of 𝑞𝑔𝑎𝑠,𝐻2 to 𝑉𝑙𝑖𝑞, as follows. Hydrogen production by the hyperthermophilic bacterium Thermotoga maritima Part II: modeling and experimental approaches for hydrogen production. Keywords: hydrogen; moo; production; 𝑆𝑖𝑛
• cet-13745 by None (None) - Comparing NiFe NWs and NiFeS NWs, the ECSA of NiFeS NWs increases of 20% showing that the presence of sulfur increases the roughness of NWs and thus increases the catalytic properties of the electrode. In this work, we have modified these NWs adding sulfur (NiFeS NWs) and tested for HER. Keywords: alloy; electrode; energy; hydrogen; nifes; nws; potential; production
• cet-13753 by None (None) - According to these results, very stable trends were observed, except (i) at low current densities in both ED and RED, where there is electrode activation, and (ii) at high current densities in ED, where there is a mass transport limit. 2.3 Continuous short-circuit RED tests The continuous RED tests were performed in three different scenarios having the same low concentrated solution (1 g L-1 NaCl) and different high concentrated solutions, to replicate the driving force resulting from the difference in concentration between river water and: (i) sea water, 35 g L-1 NaCl; (ii) Reverse osmosis brine, 70 g L-1 NaCl; (iii) post-treatment high concentrated brine, 300 g L-1 NaCl. Keywords: circuit; current; energy; g l-1; hydrogen; l-1; production; red; system; tests
• cet-13755 by None (None) - Coupled hydrodynamic and kinetic model of liquid metal bubble reactor for hydrogen production by noncatalytic thermal decomposition of methane. International journal of hydrogen energy, Volume 46, pp. Keywords: case; cost; cracking; energy; hydrogen; methane; production; reactor
• cet-13756 by None (None) - As the cell package increases in cell pairs (i.e. R increases), hydrogen production decreases and practically when R becomes higher than 50, overall hydrogen production is so low that it becomes a negligible dissipative effect for the system. In particular, they are the only ones that proposed this technology by coupling ED for the desalination of sodium sulphate (Na2SO4) solutions with hydrogen production. Keywords: cell; electrodes; electrodialysis; energy; hydrogen; number; production; system; water
• cet-13761 by None (None) - A huge capacity for energy storage; lower cost; safety due to the absence of contact of H2 with oxygen. However, the main idea of H2 energy is seasonal-based energy storage application, or using excess energy/electricity, which is impossible to save or permanently store now. Keywords: cgs; co2; concept; energy; geothermal; hydrogen; production; storage; synergy; wind
• cet-13762 by None (None) - Investigation of public risk perception This section introduces the cross-country survey conducted to collect the public risk perception towards HFSs, and the statistical results of the survey. A total of 2,500 participants from the three countries completed the web-based questionnaires, evaluating their level of perceived risk towards HFSs in terms of risk probability and consequence. Keywords: hfss; hydrogen; perception; production; public; risk; storage; transportation
• cet-13775 by None (None) - This explains the higher H2 composition at higher inorganic content. The figure indicates that at lower temperature, higher inorganic contents are associated with lower gas yields. Keywords: composition; effect; energy; feedstock; gas; production
• cet-13787 by None (None) - As pointed out in many recent investigations, biogas production in wet digesters can be significantly affected by the agitation mode (Singh et al., 2019), which in turn depends on the interplay of geometrical, physical and operating variables. Considering previous results on the effect of agitation on biogas production (Lebranchu et al., 2017), significant improvement might be expected in the production process by a different choice of agitation system, at least in the case of the digestate considered in this work, for the following reasons: − the calculated dead zones in the vessel exceed the 90%. Keywords: biogas; blades; figure; fluid; production; rate; shear; velocity; vessel
• cet-13802 by None (None) - One of the most effective ways to solve these problems is by formulating and solving optimization models of dairy supply chains in the presence of uncertainties regarding their parameters. Stefansdottir and Grunow (2018) have proposed a two-stage stochastic mixed integer linear programming model for determination of both, product designs and processing technologies of dairy supply chain under uncertain product demands consideration. Keywords: chain; dairy; milk; optimization; production; products; supply; supply chain; uncertainty
• cet-13803 by None (None) - The milk fat content of the raw materials is included as a decision variable in both the models of dairy products production, as well as in a model of the SC environmental impact. The approach involves four models for the production of dairy products; the SC design, the SC environmental and social impact. Keywords: costs; dairies; dairy; markets; milk; production; products; suppliers; uncertainty
• cet-13815 by None (None) - Integrating renewable energy production units in agricultural land must consider water resource conservation and food production constraints and objectives, since installing energy production units in agricultural land limits the area dedicated to the food production. As soon as all the steps of the presented methodological framework are undertaken and become operational, Maelia will be able to simulate renewable energy production scenarios under water and food constraints. Keywords: energy; food; indicators; land; maelia; management; platform; production; scenarios; systems; water
• cet-13825 by None (None) - The conversion of ground coffee oil to biodiesel can be carried out by transesterification of coffee oils catalyzed by acids, alkalis or enzymes, generally using methanol as a reactive substance for the production of fatty acid methyl esters (Batista et al., 2020a). Mueanmas C., Nikhom R., Petchkaew A., Lewkittayakorn J., Prasertsit K.,2019, Extraction and esterification of waste coffee grounds oil as non-edible feedstock for biodiesel production, Renewable Energy, 133, 1414- 1425. Keywords: biodiesel; coffee; coffee grounds; conversion; grounds; oil; production; rpm; value
• cet-14330 by None (None) - Some features and facts related to beef cattle production With the global population growth, the increased demand for food poses greater pressure on the environment than ever before. Population growth and growing food demand raise concerns about the environmental consequences of expanding beef production using current systems. Keywords: animal; beef; beef cattle; beef production; breeding; cattle; food; production; research; sustainability; systems; water
• cet-14335 by None (None) - Poklukar et al. (2020) reviewed the literature on the performance of local pig breeds and modern lean-type pigs and concluded that local breeds generally accumulate larger amounts of fat, exhibit larger adipocyte size and higher activity of lipogenic enzymes. Indigenous pig breeds provide viable 271 alternatives for pork production under poor environmental and nutritional conditions due to an improved tolerance towards various diseases and centuries-long adaptation to local climatic challenges. Keywords: breeds; expression; fat; imf; loin; mangalica; muscle; pigs; pork; pparγ; production; type
• cet-14364 by None (None) - Egyetem tér, Győr 9026 buics.laszlo@sze.hu The goal of this article is to examine opportunities and show the approach of using big data analytics to boost productivity in the case of clothing manufacturing factories in a sustainable way. However, with the help of big data analytics used in a proper method, the collected information can be used to track insufficiencies in different areas of manufacturing operations. Keywords: analytics; data; manufacturing; performance; production; productivity; sewing; time; workers
• cet-14373 by None (None) - It can be stated regarding the EU H2 landscape that the use of H2 for energy production was not significant (under 2 % on an annual basis) in 2020. This article investigates H2 production and demand in the EU, as well as the directives and incentives of the EU to accelerate H2 production and H2 technologies in general. Keywords: commission; energy; european; european commission; germany; green; hungary; hydrogen; policy; production; strategy
• cet-14400 by None (None) - From different pretreatment ways, biological pretreatments seem particularly advantageous because they require slight operating conditions, involve relatively low operational investments, and are often eco-friendly (Liu et al., 2017). One such solution could be the expansion of biomass utilization by incorporating previously unused or research-phase substrates on an industrial scale (Brémond et al., 2018). Keywords: anaerobic; cellulose; content; digestion; fungal; lignin; methane; pretreatment; production
• cet-14405 by None (None) - It can be compared to the plans for the installation of battery factories. Furthermore, the study seeks to understand the underlying factors contributing to the public's apprehension toward battery factories and their associated risks. Keywords: batteries; battery; environmental; factories; hungarian; hungary; opinion; production; public; research; respondents; workers
• cet-14417 by None (None) - Tilapia scales were obtained and subjected to alkaline hydrolysis to produce hydrolysates, which served as a culture medium for prodigiosin production. Different conditions of stirring speed (100 - 250 rpm) and NaCl (0.5 - 2.5%) were evaluated for prodigiosin production over a 72 h incubation period at an initial pH of 7 and 25 °C. Keywords: cell; et al; marcescens; nacl; pigment; prodigiosin; production; scale; serratia; tilapia
• cet-14420 by None (None) - The reassessment of the optimal model revealed strong compatibility between the predictive and experimental models regarding dry biomass and carotenoid content. 2.5 Optimization of R. toruloides fermentation medium Glucose, malt extract, KH2PO4, MgSO4.7H2O, NH4Cl, yeast extract (Saran et al., 2017), H2O2, NaCl (Marova et al., 2010), and culture conditions (pH 5.6 ± 0.2, 200 rpm, 25-30 °C) were chosen to study factors affecting R. toruloides yeast biomass and carotenoid content. Keywords: acetone; biomass; carotenoid; content; glucose; model; production; toruloides; yeast
• cet-14429 by None (None) - Likewise, the Colombian Government will promote the development and use of sustainable aviation fuels SAF according to the National Development Plan 2022-2026(National Planning Department of Colombia, 2023). ASTM D7566 certification includes eight pathways for SAF production (American and Standard, 2020), although only three, Hydroprocessed Esters and Fatty Acids (HEFA), Alcohol to Jet (ATJ), and Gasification Fischer-Tropsch (GFT), are currently at a commercial scale(IRENA, 2021). Keywords: atj; aviation; colombia; costs; fuel; gft; lca; material; price; production; saf; technology; usd
• cet-14436 by None (None) - Finally, it can be indicated that the availability of sugarcane in Brazil converts the country into a potentially essential participant for the deployment of large-scale projects for SAF production, which can reduce greenhouse gas emissions compared with the conventional kerosene production chain. This study focused only on the Climate Change impact category attributed to SAF production, considering the global warming potential within the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change's 100-year time horizon (GWP 100) (Bressanin et al., 2020). Keywords: assessment; biomass; biorefinery; ethanol; fuel; iii; production; saf; scenario; sugarcane
• cet-14440 by None (None) - Conclusions The study investigated BWW as an organic waste source to enhance biomass production and FAME profiles in C. vulgaris with the addition of glycerol under three different trophic modes. An initial examination of the saturated and unsaturated components of the FAME suggests that lipids extracted from C. vulgaris biomass cultivated mixotrophically and heterorophically in BWW could potentially serve as a valuable feedstock for biodiesel production. Keywords: biomass; glycerol; growth; mhb; microalgae; production; vulgaris
• cet-14449 by None (None) - i261185@dac.unicamp.br Due to the expansion of ethanol production, debate on conflicting issues regarding land use competition between biofuels and food production is raised. Integrated sugarcane/livestock systems could potentially facilitate the expansion of ethanol production without putting crop and/or livestock production at risk and displacing areas covered with natural vegetation. Keywords: area; beef; cattle; ethanol; integration; livestock; mus$; opex; production; sugarcane; system; y-1
• cet-14457 by None (None) - These results are associated with the consumption of H2 to produce NH3 in isothermal systems and with a reduction in the equilibrium temperature for adiabatic systems. The results obtained demonstrated that the regions of greatest hydrogen formation were at high temperatures (≥ 900 K) and at the lowest pressures tested (5 bar for PR; 230 bar for SCWG and 1 bar for the other thermochemical routes). Keywords: figure; hydrogen; production; reaction; temperature; 𝑁𝐶 𝑖=1
• cet-14459 by None (None) - This estimation is based on yield data indicating 2.09 kg of sawdust per kg of black pellets coal (del Alamo Serrano and Tranås, 2019). Various methods, including steam explosion (Arbaflame), torrefaction under pressurized steam (conducted at 245-265 °C, 10-39 bar) (Kudo et al., 2019), steam torrefaction (experiments at 245-265 °C) (Arteaga-Pérez et al., 2017), and steam treatment (Valmet) are employed in black pellet production. Keywords: co2; coal; emissions; pellets; power; production; value
• cet-14462 by None (None) - Figure 1: A simplified flow diagram illustrating poultry litter pyrolysis process. Table 2: Typical characteristics of poultry litter waste in Qatar. Keywords: biochar; litter; potential; poultry; production; pyrolysis; qatar; usd
• cet-14471 by None (None) - https://doi.org/10.1149/2.0601704jes Verma, A. M., Laverdure, L., Melander, M. M., & Honkala, K. (2022). Conversely, at higher pH, the faradaic efficiency towards DHA, GA, and CO2 decreased, while the photocurrent increased. Keywords: agcl; bias; dha; glycerol; production; tio2
• cet-14474 by None (None) - Luvizetto-Faccin et al. (2013) and Mohanrasu et al. (2020) have emphasized that an adequate relationship between carbon and nitrogen in the culture medium is essential to promote PHB production by B. megaterium; as reported, the carbon source should be present in excess compared to nitrogen, to enhance high PHB production yields; if this does not happen, the carbon present will be only used for bacterial growth. PHB production was improved up to three times with a C/N ratio of 16:1. Keywords: bacillus; conditions; cost; et al; growth; medium; phb; phb production; production
• cet-14477 by None (None) - Moreover, it aims to quantify the benefits introduced, in terms of biogas production, related to the addition of pomace to the digestate inoculation. In particular, the OP-PH waste led to the best performance for biogas production: 2.94 kJ were produced, against 1.67 kJ, obtained with the presence of untreated OP, and 0.88 and 1.09 kJ were achieved with the other samples. Keywords: biogas; energy; olive; phase; production; sample; waste
• cet-14480 by None (None) - 2.2 Factors: Factors are used to find the MFSP or LCA, this calculation has four parts as mentioned before: feedstock, CSP, biorefinery and transport, every factor is multiplied with the respective optimized facility capacity and allocation factor, and in the case of transport with the distance found for the optimization tool, the factors for MFSP are the ones related with costs, and for LCA related with eqCO2 emissions. The main factors for the routes mentioned before are allocation factor, a factor that reduces the total cost by distributing the cost to other by-products, conversion of the route like the mass of bio-jet that can be obtained for the mass of feedstock, farmgate price(Shahriar and Khanal, 2022), the price of the feedstock, OPEX and CAPEX operation, and capital expenditures(Capaz et al., 2020). Keywords: analysis; atj; costs; factor; gft; production; sensitivity; usd; value
• cet-14483 by None (None) - This strain is an anaerobic facultative so it can grow under oxidative conditions, but in that conditions unwanted by-products as lactic acid can be produced that decreased succinic acid concentration. Some works were published on different fermentation strategies, batch tests on succinic acid production starting from single and mixed sugars (Molino et al., 2020), fed batch tests (Hoefel et al., 2012) that were the most common approaches; furthermore, continuous succinic acid production by immobilized cells was developed (Ercole et al., 2021). Keywords: acid; concentration; glucose; production; strain; succinogenes; test
• cet-14484 by None (None) - Some cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin characteristics of VG biomass cultivated in India were 39.11 %, 48.57 %, and 11.02 %, respectively (Thakur et al., 2018). This is because the hard structure of high lignin content biomass makes it difficult to be converted by the anaerobic consortium, resulting in decreased biogas output (Ma et al., 2019). Keywords: analysis; biomass; cm-1; content; digestion; grass; hemicellulose; lignin; production; sample
• cet-14489 by None (None) - This review examines recent advances in biomass conversion processes, including both thermochemical and biochemical techniques. Using biomass waste for fuel and chemicals isn't new but is inefficient. Keywords: biomass; catalysts; chemical; conversion; energy; oil; processes; production; pyrolysis; waste
• cet-14492 by None (None) - The literature indicates several advantages of SSF compared to traditional submerged fermentation, such as the potential to use solid wastes in the circular economy framework, and the absence of foaming during fermentation, the latter particularly important for the case of BSs production. In this work, we assessed the potential of different types of organic solid waste including food and cosmetic industry waste such as oil cakes, agricultural byproducts, or cosmetic-derived sludge. Keywords: fermentation; growth; heat; production; scale; ssf; temperature; values; waste
• cet-14686 by None (None) - Figure 1 - Accident frequencies for hydrogen scenarios extrapolated from the HIAD 2.0 database. In the following paragraphs, building on this statistical evidence and supplementing it with a representative case study, characteristic modelling for accident scenarios involving hydrogen production and storage will be presented. Keywords: accident; energy; hydrogen; ignition; methane; modelling; production; scenarios
• cet-14709 by None (None) - The practices adopted internationally by some reference countries with a consolidated practice in offshore safety management, such as Norway and the United Kingdom (Petroleum Safety Authority Norway, Health and Safety Executive), were also analysed. Conclusions The primary regulation governing safety in Italian offshore hydrocarbon production is the Legislative Decree n. 145/2015, aligning with the European Directive 2013/30. Keywords: activities; data; indicators; number; offshore; operations; performance; production; report; safety
• cet-14736 by None (None) - These findings, though limited, emphasize the critical role of water in green hydrogen production. Huang & Liu (2020) analyze the potential for green hydrogen production in China from solar and wind energy. Keywords: articles; energy; et al; green; hydrogen; hydrogen production; production; water
• cet-14743 by None (None) - Naseeruddin, S. et al., 2021, Co-culture of Saccharomyces cerevisiae (VS3) and Pichia stipitis (NCIM 3498) enhances bioethanol yield from concentrated Prosopis juliflora hydrolysate, Biotech, 21. Naseeruddin, S. et al., 2017, Ethanol production from lignocellulosic substrate Prosopis juliflora. Keywords: algaroba; bioethanol; biomass; et al; ethanol; juliflora; production; prosopis
• cet-14800 by None (None) - Generation of energy utilities purchased contributes up to 17 % of GHG emissions, followed by on-site steam production (5 %) to meet the electrical and thermal energy demand of Chemical A production. The PCF profile breakdown for Chemical A based on one-year data of fiscal year 2021 are presented in Table 3 and Figure 2. 28 Table 3: GHG emissions from the life cycle stages of Chemical A production Life cycle stage Activity GHG emissions (t CO2e) CFP (kg CO2e/ kg) Percentage contribution Raw Material Acquisition Raw material manufacturing and preprocessing 28,106.31 2.871 76.9 % T&D of raw materials 264.42 0.027 0.72 % Generation of energy utilities purchased 6,126.40 0.626 16.8 % Material storage and handling 0.56 0.0001 0.002 % Production Steam generation 1,860.00 0.190 5.09 % Manufacturing 30.42 0.003 0.08 % Wastewater treatment 11.62 0.001 0.03 % Waste treatment 139.42 0.014 0.38 % Total 36,435.46 36,435.46 3.73 Figure 2: Product carbon footprint profile of Chemical A. 3.1 Detailed Emission Sources Emissions from raw material extraction were significant, accounting for approximately 77 % of the total carbon footprint. Keywords: carbon; chemical; emissions; footprint; kgco2e/; material; pcf; production; waste
• cet-14963 by None (None) - The following case studies of green hydrogen production based on biogas catalytic steam reforming were evaluated: - Case 1: Biogas catalytic reforming without CO2 capture (benchmark); - Case 2: Biogas catalytic reforming with pre-combustion CO2 capture with MDEA (benchmark); - Case 3: Biogas catalytic reforming with pre-combustion CO2 capture with membranes; - Case 4: Biogas catalytic reforming with pre- and post-combustion CO2 capture with membranes. Report 2017-2, Cheltenham, UK. Quang D.V., Milani D., Abu Zahra M., 2023, A review of potential routes to zero and negative emission technologies via the integration of renewable energies with CO2 capture processes. Keywords: biogas; capture; co2; combustion; cost; energy; hydrogen; membrane; production; reforming
• cet-14967 by None (None) - The major types of plastic materials aligned with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) include polyethylene terephthalate (PET) (high density, low density, and linear low density) polyethylene (HDPE, LDPE, and LLDPE), polypropylene (PP), polystyrene (PS), and polylactic acid (PLA). Technological innovations such as repurposing carbon emissions to plastic materials via biomass conversion should be incentivized to decarbonize the plastic value chain with a 55 % GWP reduction. Keywords: carbon; chain; chemical; material; plastic; pollution; processes; production; recycling; value; waste
• cet-14970 by None (None) - The environmental impact of the system equates to approximately 1.77×105 t of methanol produced by coal gasification technology, indicating that modular methanol production is more eco-friendly. (30), the limitation between modular production quantity and capacity as shown in Eqs. (31)-(32), and the limitation between methanol production and demand within the cycle as shown in Eq. Keywords: cost; energy; impact; meoh; methanol; p p; production; total
• cet-14996 by None (None) - PCCpi is the capital cost of hydrogen plant p producing hydrogen form i, SCCsi is the capital cost of storage unit s for hydrogen form i, ECCei is the capital cost of electrolysis plant e producing hydrogen form i, PVCC is the PV system's capital cost, FCCC is the fuel cell's capital cost, INVCC is the inverter's capital cost. 𝑃𝐶𝑎𝑝𝑝𝑖 𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑁𝑃𝑝𝑖𝑔 ≤ 𝑃𝑅𝑝𝑖𝑔 ≤ 𝑃𝐶𝑎𝑝𝑝𝑖 𝑚𝑎𝑥𝑁𝑃𝑝𝑖𝑔 ∀ 𝑖, 𝑔 (3) where NPpig is the number of hydrogen plant p producing hydrogen form i in industrial zone g, 𝑃𝐶𝑎𝑝𝑝𝑖 𝑚𝑖𝑛 is the minimum capacity of hydrogen plant p producing hydrogen form i, while 𝑃𝐶𝑎𝑝𝑝𝑖 𝑚𝑎𝑥 is the maximum capacity of hydrogen plant p producing Keywords: cost; electricity; energy; form; hydrogen; industrial; production; transportation; zone
• cet-14998 by None (None) - Beyond its role in decarbonization, hydrogen energy is gaining traction as a means to enhance energy independence and security in various countries. Establishing a regulatory framework for hydrogen energy, including targets, standards, incentives, and carbon pricing, is strongly recommended. Keywords: carbon; china; development; energy; esgo; hydrogen; national; production; projects; roadmap; targets
• cet-15012 by None (None) - The intense mixing and shear forces from rotor stator HC promote rapid transesterification, resulting in high biodiesel yields. The review assesses the differences between hydrodynamic cavitation and advanced hydrodynamic cavitation techniques in biodiesel production. Keywords: advanced; biodiesel; biodiesel production; cavitation; energy; intensification; oil; production; rotor; stator
• cet-15027 by None (None) - While there is insight into pet food production and trends such as insect- based pet food (Acuff et al., 2021), there is a gap in the sustainability initiatives of pet food manufacturers. In recent years, many of the 150 pet food companies currently producing pet food in Europe have started to focus on the ethical and local sourcing of raw materials, but there is still a lack of optimisation of the production processes and sustainable sourcing of raw materials. Keywords: doi; environmental; food; impact; industry; manufacturers; market; materials; pet; production; research; sustainability; waste
• cet-15028 by None (None) - Simulations performed with the model show that the ongoing 120 % expansion of nuclear capacity can result in a 55.2 %, 35.1 %, and 30.1 % increase in electricity production, value-added, and greenhouse gas emissions if the structure of final demand and technology are not changed. The classification of power plants into the most characteristic subsector of electricity production was performed using the tables of HEPURA-licensed electricity producers. Keywords: electricity; emissions; energy; hungary; input; output; production; table; use; value
• cet-15030 by None (None) - Xue X., Hu H., Zhang J., Ma Y., Han L., Hao F., Jiang Y., Ma Y., 2022, Estimation of genetic parameters for conformation traits and milk production traits in Chinese Holsteins. The heritability estimates for conformation traits are moderate, ranging from 0.20 ± 0.047 to 0.38 ± 0.04. Keywords: conformation; correlations; cows; dairy; holstein; milk; production; rear; rg=; traits; type; udder
• cet-15037 by None (None) - Conversely, the recent surge in energy prices is increasingly diminishing the return on investment (ROI) of solar energy investments. In countries such as Hungary, the utilisation of solar energy for irrigation represents a pivotal consideration. Keywords: analysis; data; day; energy; evapotranspiration; investment; irrigation; production; solar; system; water
• cet-15056 by None (None) - State-of-the-art Since hydrogen became a central piece of the decarbonization puzzle, an increasing number of research articles deal with the exploitation of hydrogen energy storage systems in the building sector with the aim of achieving sustainability. Guo P., Musharavati F., Dastjerdi S.M.,2022, Design and transient-based analysis of a power to hydrogen (P2H2) system for an off-grid zero energy building with hydrogen energy storage. Keywords: building; demand; design; electricity; energy; hydrogen; production; size; storage; system
• cet-15060 by None (None) - Establishing the average annual amount of PV energy that can be produced by a 1 kWp grid- connected PV power plant in Hungary by modelling Calculating the total of the average annual amount of PV energy that can be produced by all of Hungary’ scheduled PV power plants (first quarter 2024) Determining the average negative regulatory demand related to the annual energy production based on the ratio of the average annual downward regulation compared to the actual power generation Calculating the amount of green hydrogen that could be produced with the amount of electric energy equal to the average annual downward regulation demand using PEM technology 927 3. Results and discussion The approximate requirement of Hungarian PV power plants for downward regulation related to schedule keeping is 6.5 % of the annual PV power generation, which is the same percentage in the cases of both daily and intraday forecasts. Material and methods This study investigates the amount of green hydrogen that can be potentially produced in connection with the downward regulation of PV power plants based on the average negative regulatory demand related to the annual energy production, which was determined earlier for Hungary's total capacity of all scheduled PV power plants (first quarter 2024) Keywords: energy; green; hungary; hydrogen; pem; plants; power; production; regulation; technology
• cet-15061 by None (None) - Falcinelli, S., 2020, Fuel production from waste CO2 using renewable energies. Technical challenges of green transition From a bird’s eye view, there are clear steps of the green transition in the energy sector: producing electricity from renewable energy sources, replacing fossil fuel-based vehicles with electric ones, and replacing the gas-, oil-, or coal-fuelled stationary energy consumers (heating, industrial applications etc.) to electric solutions. Keywords: capacity; doi; energy; grid; production; renewable; solutions; sources; storage; system
• cet-15064 by None (None) - Experimental sows received probiotic supplementation (n=10) and were compared to control sows (n=10). Differences in backfat thickness (BFT), BFT loss, and feed intake of control and experimental sows were not significant (p>0.05). Keywords: bacteria; doi; effects; feed; gut; performance; production; sows; spp; supplementation; yeast
• cet-15068 by None (None) - al. 973 (2023), which mapped the main motivations for local food production and distribution, with environmental sustainability, community building, supply chain transparency, direct support to farmers, and transfer of knowledge about food and agriculture to consumers as key factors. The findings indicate that the owners of arable crop production farms are the oldest, and that these farms have been established for the longest time. Keywords: agriculture; animal; doi; farmers; fms; food; fruit; hungarian; production; products; research; sample; supply; vegetable
• cet-15071 by None (None) - The goal of the research is to compare strategic objectives and production results of H2 deployment in two major regions with different energy backgrounds, aiming to understand the progress of green H2 production. The activities in the field of green H2 production and utilization are supported by organizational and funding instruments e.g. the Clean Hydrogen Alliance (CHA). Keywords: america; clean; energy; european; green; hydrogen; lac; latin; policies; production; projects
• cet-15288 by None (None) - Ezeji, T., Qureshi, N., Blaschek, H. P., 2007, Butanol production from agricultural residues: Impact of degradation products on Clostridium beijerinckii growth and butanol fermentation, Biotechnology and Bioengineering, 97(6), 1460–1469. [A] [B] 226 Table 3: List of most cited publications on biomass hydrolysate production, detoxification, and fermentation strategies identified in scenario 4. Keywords: biomass; butanol; detoxification; fermentation; hydrolysates; production; scenario
• cet-15296 by None (None) - Higher yield with cheaper raw materials, noteworthy stress tolerance of biosurfactant toward pH and salt, and nontoxic effects against marine and terrestrial indicators revealed its potential for application in bioremediation, as the removal of hydrocarbons (petroleum, diesel, kerosene, and motor oil) adsorbed in sand reached values higher than 87%. Biosurfactants have many biotechnological applications in areas such as dairy, food, beverage, cosmetics, detergent, textile, paint, mining, petroleum, paper pulp, and pharmaceutical industries. Keywords: biosurfactant; oil; pantoea; production; surface; tension; water
• cet-15305 by None (None) - 1. Introduction Globally, steel production is steadily increasing, from 148 Mt in 1950 to 1,885 Mt in 2022.(worldsteel association, 2023), and, although at lower pace, it is expecting to further grow in the future thanks to the essential role that steel products play for numerous sectors (construction, automotive, machine and industrial equipment). From 2014 to 2023, employment in steel production (ATECO code 241) fell by 4.49%, while employment in transformation grew by 4.9% (ATECO 242) and 13.5% (ATECO 243), resulting in an overall increase of 1.63% driven by transformation activities, with a total workforce of approximately 68,500 employees. Keywords: decarbonization; dri; emissions; energy; italy; production; scenario; sector; steel; technologies
• cet-15308 by None (None) - The LCA illustrates that despite efforts to reduce GHG emissions, strategies to enhance sustainability in SAF production processes in Colombia are imperative. A life cycle assessment (LCA) was developed for SAF production in Colombia using SimaPro® software. Keywords: assessment; aviation; biomass; colombia; potential; production; saf; sustainability
• cet-15328 by None (None) - The traditional LCA methodology is applied across four stages: goal definition, input- output inventory, environmental impact assessment, and result analysis with suggestions for achieving further improvements. The LCIA phase translates system flows into environmental impact categories to assess potential effects, using reference flows from the LCI. Keywords: assessment; cycle; energy; environmental; impact; lca; life; oil; production; prototype
• cet-15334 by None (None) - Figure 3: (a) Methane transient evolution at different methanation step duration for the R-N sample. Figure 4: (a) Methane transient evolution at different methanation step duration for the R-N-CZ sample. Keywords: capture; ch4; co2; dfms; methanation; production; step; time
• cet-15341 by None (None) - On this basis, one strategy for reducing H2 production costs can be to diversify the use of renewable electricity with the use of other renewable resources such as biowaste (e.g. biodegradable garden and park waste, food and kitchen waste 541 from households, restaurants, caterers and retail premises, and wastes from food processing plants) and biomass residues (e.g. lignocellulosic materials generated by the agricultural, forest, and agro-industrial sectors). The aim of this paper was to assess the technical and economic performance of H2 production by steam reforming (SR) of natural gas as well as three biohydrogen production systems using the levelized cost of H2 (LCOH) as a methodology. Keywords: biohydrogen; biomass; oil; production; reforming; system
• cet-15346 by None (None) - This phenomenon was likewise reported by Dupont et al. (2013), who attributed the increase in hydrogen yield at higher steam-to-carbon (S:C) ratios to Le Chatelier's Principle, where the additional H₂O shifted the equilibrium, promoting greater consumption of reactants and consequently enhancing hydrogen generation. Here, the effect of S:C ratio (kilomoles of water per kilomole of urea), temperature, and pressure on hydrogen production were evaluated. Keywords: hydrogen; production; ratio; reforming; temperature; urea; ∆𝐻25
• cet-15418 by None (None) - Cavalcanti Y.F., Fonseca H.R., Medeiros A.D., Durval I.J., Costa A.F., Silva Junior C.J.G., Sarubbo L.A., 2023, Alternative tomato-based media for bacterial cellulose production, International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, 229, 1255–1264. doi:10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.07.119. As an alternative, several studies have sought to explore alternative media for BC production, using agroindustrial by-products and food waste, such as fruit peels, corn residues, and other organic materials (Chen et al., 2010; Cavalcanti et al., 2023; Galdino et al., 2020). Keywords: cellulose; fibers; materials; production; sample; textile; tiles; waste; water
• cet-15621 by None (None) - By utilizing available Government of India data and literature studies on optimization, a data-driven approach is proposed that provides a framework to encourage planning for cost efficiency, reducing dependence on imported feedstocks, and eventually helps strengthen India's position in global petrochemical markets. 3. Methodology Based on the collected data, a linear programming (LP) model was formulated in LINGO software to optimize the allocation of feedstocks to petrochemical products with the objective of profit maximization for the Indian Petrochemical Industry. Keywords: cagr; gas; growth; india; industry; model; petrochemical; production
• cet-15623 by None (None) - Conversely, CW2 demonstrated higher H2 production and yields in the liquid fraction, attributed to an abundance of readily available fermentable sugars and nutrients. The presence of onions, rich in sugars, phosphorus, potassium, and sulfur (Romano and Zhang, 2008), in the MW improves H2 production (Ben Gaida et al., 2022). Keywords: biohydrogen; categories; fermentation; liquid; pretreatments; production; puree; substrate; waste
• cet-15625 by None (None) - This report uses data from the Hungarian National Environmental Information System, Unified Waste Management Information System Module, focusing on a numerical evaluation of sewage sludge production and treatment in Hungary from 2004 to 2022. As shown in Figure 1, sewage sludge production exhibited a fluctuating trend, with the minimum point in 2004. Keywords: doi; energy; et al; hydrogen; loss; production; sewage; sewage sludge; sludge; tons; treatment
• cet-15628 by None (None) - Vilbergsson et al. (2023) also highlight that low full-load hours (FLH) significantly contribute to increased carbon emissions in hydrogen production systems, even when powered by renewable energy sources. Key findings reveal how regional energy mixes, production technologies, and policy incentives influence the carbon emissions associated with hydrogen production. Keywords: carbon; cycle; electrolysis; emissions; energy; hydrogen; lca; life; production; studies; system
• cet-15632 by None (None) - The model has generated important insights on the allocation of economic benefits to different plant owners based on their risk appetite under neutrosophic decision environment. Figure 1: Optimal input and output flows for the case study Table 6: Optimal profit allocation for the case study. Keywords: methanol; model; neutrosophic; owner; production; profit; tolerance; usd
• cet-15638 by None (None) - While conventional fuels produce thermal NOX through the oxidation of atmospheric nitrogen at high temperatures, NH3 combustion produces fuel NOX in addition to thermal NOX due to the oxidation of 73 nitrogen present within the fuel itself. To overcome the NOX emission challenge of NH3 combustion, this study focuses on the development and evaluation of a NOX capture and utilization system. Keywords: combustion; electricity; gas; nh3; nox; production; simulation; system; utilization
• cet-15640 by None (None) - • Given sources, each source i is characterized by its lower and upper annual rock crushing flow rate (Si L, Si U), operating lifespan (Li), CDR rate based on the material (Mi), and production CO2 penalty (Pi); • Given sinks, each sink j is characterized by its annual rock application limit to ensure that the application rate is within the sites’ projected weathering rate as determined by average precipitation level (Dj), cumulative rock application limit over the entire project lifetime to ensure that the deposition of the silica co-product from weathering reactions is within sustainability limits to maintain soil quality (Gj). However, the analysis suggests diminishing returns as each incremental gain in CDR rate results in a smaller increase in net CDR because the associated production emissions also increase. Keywords: application; cdr; cfp; co2; model; production; rate; rock; sinks; weathering
• cet-15644 by None (None) - A case study of an IPRN facing a shortage of plastic waste inputs shows that allowing input substitution can significantly improve the overall satisfaction level. Tan et al. (2022) used Pinch Analysis (PA) to match plastic waste inputs with suitable recycling techniques, while Aviso et al. (2023) used Linear Programming (LP) and Mixed-Integer Linear Programming (MILP) for similar optimization. Keywords: input; iprn; model; plastic; production; recycling; substitution; waste
• cet-15649 by None (None) - Ayyubi et al. (2022) employed RSM-BBD multi- objective optimization to enhance biodegradable plastic strength while maintaining degradation properties. Biodegradable plastics offer a promising alternative to mitigate environmental impacts. Keywords: chitosan; elongation; environmental; et al; film; glycerol; plastic; production; properties; pva; starch; strength; tensile
• cet-15653 by None (None) - A game-theoretic study has been conducted by Uy et al. (2024), which looks into the government-industry interaction of SAF production firms, aiding the decision makers on which pathway to choose considering government incentives. Over the past six years, SAF production has risen from 1.9 M to 15.8 M gallons (Ozkan et al., 2024). Keywords: approach; aviation; caf; cournot; firms; fuel; optimization; production; saf
• cet-15654 by None (None) - The model demonstrated that pyrolysis- steam reforming combined with PSA is capable of achieving hydrogen purity of 99.999 % with a highest overall satisfaction of 0.7141 (equivalent to total cost of 3.43 M$ and emissions of 528,647 kg CO₂/y) while pyrolysis- catalytic decomposition is more suitable to produce hydrogen with lower purity (55 %). are estimated using polynomial regression as shown in Eq(1) and Eq(2), where superscription Y and C on the right-hand side of the equations also denote hydrogen yield and hydrogen purity, respectively. Keywords: cost; emissions; hydrogen; model; plastic; production; purification; purity; pyrolysis; waste
• cet-15667 by None (None) - Given a set of carbon sources so, carbon sinks si, and a central carbon hub nt. As more emphasis is placed on carbon reductions in emerging economies, carbon sinks are being identified in these regions, which may only be ready for deployment years down the line or are limited in size. Keywords: carbon; ccs; flow; hub; network; production; sink; source; storage
• cet-15698 by None (None) - The economic viability of hydrogen supply chains is a central focus of research, as highlighted by Ibrahim and Al- Mohannadi (2023), who provide detailed economic and technical data for hydrogen production, conditioning, storage, and transportation. Hydrogen production, traditionally reliant on fossil fuel-based processes like SMR, generates substantial carbon dioxide (CO2), contributing to the environmental footprint of refineries. Keywords: carbon; cost; electrolysis; emissions; energy; hydrogen; optimization; production; smr; supply
• cet-15711 by None (None) - Wiser R., Bolinger M., Lantz E., 2019, Assessing wind power operating costs in the United States: Results from a survey of wind industry experts. Photovoltaic Power Generation Wind Power Generation Electrolyzer Methanol Production Methanol Sales Power Grid CO2 Electric Power Flow Hydrogen Flow CO2 Flow Methanol Flow Hydrogen Sales Figure 1: The structural diagram of the GEHMIS 2.1 System mathematical models The study establishes a a wind–solar–hydrogen–methanol model and enables interaction with the power grid. Keywords: energy; hydrogen; methanol; model; power; production; scheduling; system; t t; wind
• cet-15721 by None (None) - Previous studies indicate that hydrogen production costs from biomass gasification can be as low as 2.68 USD/kg, positioning it as a more economical option than water electrolysis under current conditions (Tanyi et al., 2024). This review provides a brief analysis of hydrogen production technologies, primarily electrolysis, steam methane reforming (SMR) with carbon capture and storage (CCS), and biomass gasification through the lens of techno-economic assessment, sustainability, environmental metrics, and social impact. Keywords: biomass; carbon; cost; electrolysis; emissions; energy; gasification; hydrogen; hydrogen production; production; public; technologies
• cet-15723 by None (None) - Bipolar membrane electrodialysis for generation of hydrochloric acid and ammonia from simulated ammonium chloride wastewater. For electrical potentials of 5 and 15 volts, hydrochloric acid concentrations of 0.035 and 0.098 M are achieved. Keywords: acid; base; concentration; electrodialysis; hcl; hydroxide; membranes; naoh; production; sodium; solution
• cet-15730 by None (None) - ISBN 979-12-81206-22-9; ISSN 2283-9216 How to Create Organizational Resilience and Adaptability Through Embedded Plasticity-Rigidity Cycles István Fekete*,a, Tamás Hartványib aFETIM-CONS Kft., 2310, Szigetszentmiklos, Hungary bSzéchenyi István University, Department of Logistics and Forwarding, Egyetem tér 1, 9026 Győr, Hungary fekete.istvan.pic@gmail.com This paper explores how organizational network structures influence cascading failure propagation and how embedded plasticity–rigidity cycles can create resilience and adaptability. One of the fundamental reasons for the increased sensitivity of supply chain networks is the growing interconnectedness of networks (Csermely, 2015). Keywords: chain; network; node; organization; plasticity; production; resilience; supply; team
• cet-15734 by None (None) - The data analysis revealed that the total amount of food waste did not undergo significant changes during the 2020-2022 period. The proportion of food waste from retail and other food distribution channels, as well as restaurants and food services, exhibited a steadily increasing trend over the study period. Keywords: changes; countries; covid-19; data; doi; food; food waste; generation; pandemic; production; values; waste
• cet-15738 by None (None) - This study aims to address this research gap by providing comprehensive environmental assessments of hydrogen production mixes projected in the Hungarian Hydrogen Strategy, offering additional insights into the environmental burdens associated with hydrogen production. Hydrogen production technologies are categorised by colour labels based on the primary energy sources used, associated costs, emissions, and technological specifics (Arcos and Santos, 2023). Keywords: carbon; categories; energy; hungary; hydrogen; hydrogen production; impact; life; production; strategy; technologies
• Methane Production from Coffee Pulp by Microorganism of Rumen Fluid and Cow Dung in Co-digestion by Widjaja, T.; Iswanto, T.; Altway, A.; Shovitri, M.; Juliastuti, S.R. (2017) - This shows that different substrate source can affect the amount of generated biogas, 1469 especially for coffee pulp substrate that has microbial inhibition component. Coffee pulp is abundantly available in Indonesia every year, about 1.65 × 106 t of coffee pulp were produced during the 2011 - 2015. Keywords: biogas; coffee; cow; digester; digestion; dung; fluid; methane; production; pulp; rumen
• Possible Use of Biosurfactant Produced by Microbial Consortium from Contaminated Soil for Microbially Enhanced Oil Recovery by Bezza, F.; Chirwa, E.M.N. (2017) - 1. Introduction Increasing energy demands due to global population growth and the difficulty in discovering new oil fields as an alternative to the exploited oil fields urged to find out alternative technologies to increase oil recovery from existing oil fields around the world. Besides reducing interfacial and surface tensions biosurfactants can enhance oil recovery through altering wettability, aiding in the degrading of long alkyl chains, and cleaning up contaminated soil (Patel et al., 2015). Keywords: bacillus; biosurfactant; cmc; et al; oil; oil recovery; production; recovery; reservoir; water
• Microalgae as New Sources of Starch: Isolation and Characterization of Microalgal Starch Granules by Gifuni, I.; Olivieri, G.; Russo Krauss, I.; D'Errico, G.; Pollio, A.; Marzocchella, A. (2017) - Gelatinization properties seemed similar to other starch sources, except for the onset temperature; probably the swelling of the starch started at lower temperature because of the higher specific surface (associated to small starch granules) which facilitate the water diffusion into starch granules and the crystallinity loss. The key starch features for industrial applications are: size and shape distributions of starch granules, crystallinity, amylose-amylopectin ratio, thermal properties. Keywords: amylose; chemical; food; granules; microalgae; production; size; starch; temperature; weight
• Biosurfactant Production by Bacteria Isolated from Seawater for Remediation of Environments Contaminated with Oil Products by Resende, A.H.; Rocha E Silva, N.M.P.; Rufino, R.D.; Luna, J.M.; Sarubbo, L.A. (2017) - Biosurfactants also have many advantages over surfactants of chemical origin, such as low toxicity, stability against a wide range of pH and high temperatures, as well as resistance to high saline concentrations (Brasileiro et al., 2015) DOI: 10.3303/CET1757260 Please cite this article as: Resende A.H., Rocha E Silva N.M.P., Rufino R.D., Luna J.M., Sarubbo L.A., 2017, Biosurfactant production by bacteria isolated from seawater for remediation of environments contaminated with oil products, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 57, 1555-1560 DOI: 10.3303/CET1757260 1555 Optimization of biosurfactant production is of paramount importance, considering its ecological acceptability, biodegradability and extensive applications. 2.10 Determination of oil removal activity on contaminated soil In 250 ml Erlenmeyers flasks were added 50 grams of standard sand (NBR 7214) impregnated with 10 % of petroleum by-products (residual motor oil and non-residual motor oil). Keywords: bacteria; biosurfactant; figure; oil; production; surface; tension
• Nano-Engineered Electrodes for the Generation of Solar Fuels: Benefits and Drawbacks of Adopting a Photo- Electrocatalytic (PECa) Approach by Ampelli, C.; Genovese, C.; Tavella, F.; Perathoner, S.; Centi, G. (2017) - PECa systems consist of compact devices, similar to fuel cells, with separated zones for the reactions of oxidation (photo-anode) and reduction (electro-cathode) (Hisatomi et al., 2014). One of the important challenges for the future commercialization of PECa cells is the preparation of active, robust and low-cost catalysts (Li and Wu, 2015), as well as a proper design of the configuration of the cell and the related catalytic electrodes (Zhao et al., 2016). Keywords: ampelli; electrodes; fuels; peca; photo; production; solar
• cet-2445 by None (None) - For the green hotel label, the requirements are related to the green policy, green product procurement, energy management, and local participation in environmental conservation activities at the area of hotel’s location. This will transform the consideration of embedding energy associated with raw material production and production process stages to the life cycle GHG emissions of building material products (Tan and Foo, 2009). Keywords: carbon; eco; green; national; production; products; scp; thailand
• Microbiological Strategies for Sustainable Production of Bioactive Compounds Using Oil Produced Water Effluent with Sucrose and Crude Glycerine as Carbon Sources by Souza, L.C.; Santos, S.C.; Montes, D.C.; Souza, R.C.; Matos, J.L.; Chinalia, F.A.; Quintella, C.M.; Almeida, P.F. (2018) - The use of these residues allows for the reduction of production costs and minimizes environmental problems, since their use can lower the generation of effluents, such as the use of crude glycerin as a source of carbon, helping to reduce sucrose and produce water at the same time. After 72 hours, exopolysaccharide production, viscosity of the cell-free broth, rhamnolipid production and emulsification index of the cell-free broth were evaluated. Keywords: aeruginosa; amnigenus; bioactive; oil; production; viscosity
• Evaluation of the Energy Potential of the Gorse (Ulex Europaeus) in the Generation of Electrical Energy by Gasification by Nino, Y.; Vega, L.; Ruiz, B. (2018) - Then again, for energy production has been research the use of gorse in the production of biogas. In this article, we propose the exploitation of the high heat value of the Gorse trunks in the production of electric energy through gasification, evaluating its energetic potential, to determine the energetic potential, the physiochemical characterization and adequacy of the gorse trunks. Keywords: biomass; bogotá; control; energy; gasification; gorse; kwh; potential; power; production; species
• Anaerobic Co-digestion of Pig Manure, Organic Fraction of Municipal Solid Waste, Fruit Residues of Drinks Industry and Cocoa Residues by Rodriguez, A.; Zuleta, J.; Garzon, A.; Avendano, S.; Alvarez, Y.; Cabeza, I.; Santis, A.; Acevedo, P. (2018) - The study is centered on the evaluation of municipal solid waste (MSW), bottled beverage industry waste (BBIW), pig manure (PM) and cocoa industry waste (CIW), under the effect of DOI: 10.3303/CET1864084 Please cite this article as: Rodriguez A., Zuleta J., Garzon A., Avendaño S., Alvarez Y., Cabeza I., Santis A., Acevedo P., 2018, Anaerobic codigestion of pig manure, organic fraction of municipal solid waste, fruit residues of drinks industry and cocoa residues, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 64, 499-504 DOI: 10.3303/CET1864084 499 the agitation in discontinuous reactors and thus to find sources of use of them and as a contribution to the knowledge in subjects of anaerobic co-digestion (Toro et al., 2017). Conclusions According to the four residues evaluated (pig manure, municipal solid waste, cocoa industry waste and bottled beverage industry waste), it is observed that the mixtures that generated higher methane are those who contain pig manure (PM) and bottled beverage industry waste (BBIW). Keywords: gsv; industry; methane; mixtures; production; residues; waste
• Production of Chlorella vulgaris Biomass on UV-treated Wastewater as an Alternative for Environmental Sustainability on High-Mountain Fisheries by Guiza-Franco, L.; Orozco-Rojas, L.G.; Sanchez-Galvis, M.; Garcia-Martinez, J.B.; Barajas-Ferreira, C.; Zuorro, A.; Barajas-Solano, A.F. (2018) - Options for the treatment of aquaculture wastewater have been sought over the years. On the other hand, biomass results show that aquaculture wastewater is rich enough in nutrients; therefore, apparently does not require to be supplemented with different micro and macronutrients (except nitrogen) for the production of microalgae. Keywords: aquaculture; biomass; concentration; experiments; lamps; nitrogen; production; treatment; wastewater
• Production in Bioreactor, Toxicity and Stability of a Low-cost Biosurfactant by Pinto, M.I.; Ribeiro, B.; Guerra, J.M.C.; Rufino, R.; Sarubbo, L.; Dos Santos V, A.; Luna, J. (2018) - The genus Candida has been prominent in the production of biosurfactants, either for potential industrial use (Bourdichon et al., 2012) or in the use of industrial residues for optimization in the production of them (Sarubbo et al., 2006, 2007; Santos et al., 2014; Gao et al., 2013; Rufino et al., 2008; Campos et al., 2013; Luna et al., 2013; Sobrinho et al., 2013; Rocha e Silva et al., 2014). The possibility of producing biosurfactants from renewable substrates and different microbial species, besides the possibility of varying cultural parameters such as cultivation time, stirring speed, medium pH and added nutrients, allows to obtain compounds with structural characteristics and different physical properties, which make them comparable or superior to synthetic surfactants in terms of efficiency, although the production costs still do not allow a greater competitiveness with the synthetic (Coimbra et al., 2009; Sarubbo et al., 2015). Keywords: biosurfactant; candida; luna; medium; oil; production; sarubbo; surface; tension
• Phycoremediation to Reduce the Pollution Load of Piggery Wastewater: Results of Semi-Continuous Lab Tests Using Chlorella and Scenedesmus Spp. by Mezzanotte, V.; Marazzi, F.; Sa Mesquita Da Silva Cristovao, M.B.; Bellucci, M.; Ficara, E. (2018) - Krediet C.J., DeNofrio J.C., Caruso C., Burriesci M.S., Cella K., Pringle J.R., 2015, Rapid, Precise, and Accurate Counts of Symbiodinium Cells Using the Guava Flow Cytometer, and a Comparison to Other Methods, PlosONE, DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0135725 Mahdy A., Mendez L., Ballesteros M. & González-Fernández C., 2014, Autohydrolysis and alkaline pretreatment effect on Chlorella vulgaris and Scenedesmus sp. methane production, Energy, 78, 48-52. The specific role of the different mechanisms involved in nitrogen removal was calculated. Keywords: biomass; l-1; microalgae; nitrogen; piggery; production; removal; tss; wastewater
• Comparative Analysis of the World’s Scientific Production in the Area of Sustainable Development and Environmental Impact by Lambis, H.; Garzon, A.J.; Valencia Ochoa, G. (2018) - Two other indicators were also used: per capita production and production relative to gross domestic product (GDP), with population data for European countries and other continents, allowing important conclusions to be drawn regarding the issue of sustainable development and environmental impact. Barranquilla, Colombia hlambs@tecnocomfenalco.edu.co This study examines world scientific production on sustainable development on the basis of bibliometric indicators (scientific production, percentage variation of production, average cites per document, normalized impact, etc.) for the period 2007-2017. Keywords: area; countries; development; group; impact; production; research
• Computational Simulation of the Gas Emission in a Biomass on Grid Energy System Using HOMER Pro Software by Barrozo, F.; Valencia Ochoa, G.; Cardenas, Y. (2018) - Several 265 DOI: 10.3303/CET1865045 Please cite this article as: Barrozo F., Valencia Ochoa G., Cardenas Y., 2018, Computational simulation of the gas emission in a biomass on grid energy system using homer pro software, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 65, 265-270 DOI: 10.3303/CET1865045 studies are available trying to quantify global biomass potential (Hoogwijk M. et al. 2005), present a viable alternative option to replace fossil fuels. Conclusions In this article, we presented an environmental feasibility study for biogas energy grid operating with biogas obtained from biomass from livestock sector manure and urban organic solid waste, to supply the energy of a group of office buildings. Keywords: biogas; biomass; energy; greenhouse; grid; production; supply; system
• Comparison Analysis of an Energy Generation System Using Diesel, Natural Gas and Biogas as a Primal Fuel Resource by Valencia Ochoa, G.; Obregon Quinones, L.; Cardenas, Y. (2018) - Conventional energy generation system 2. The implemented model with the assistance of HOMER pro aimed simulates different operational scenarios when using natural gas, biogas, and diesel as energy resource on the systems. Keywords: biogas; cost; diesel; energy; fuel; generation; production; system
• Tiger Nut (Cyperus esculentus) Milk Byproduct and Corn Steep Liquor for Biosurfactant production by Yarrowia lipolytica by Santos, F.; Freitas, K.; Costa Neto, J.; Fontes-Sant Ana, G.; Rocha-Leao, M.H.; Amaral, P. (2018) - After 72 h of cultivation, these cells were used in sufficient amount to inoculate 1 mg of cells (dry weight) per ml of biosurfactant production media. Milk Byproduct and Corn Steep Liquor for Biosurfactant production by Yarrowia lipolytica Fabiane F. Santosa, Karine M.L. Freitasa, Jonas J.G. da Costa Netoa,b, Gizele Fontes-Sant’Anac, Maria Helena M. Rocha-Leãoa, Priscilla F. F. Amarala,* aBiochemical Engineering Department, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Av. Keywords: biosurfactant; corn; liquor; medium; nut; production; tiger; tnf
• Pre-treatment of Waste Cooking Oils for Biodiesel Production by Casallas, I.D.; Carvajal, E.; Mahecha, E.; Castrillon, C.; Gomez, H.; Lopez, C.; Malagon-Romero, D. (2018) - ISBN 978-88-95608- 62-4; ISSN 2283-9216 Pre-treatment of Waste Cooking Oils for Biodiesel Production Iván Dario Casallasa, Elver Carvajala, Erika Mahechaa, Camilo Castrillóna, Hernán Gómeza, Camilo Lópezb, Dionisio Malagón-Romeroa* a Universidad Santo Tomás, GEAMEC Research Group, Bogotá, Colombia b Universidad ECCI, Bogotá, Colombia dionisiomalagon@usantotomas.edu.co Production of waste cooking oil in big cities is a problem for public health in different countries around the world. Moisture decreases the performance of the transesterification reaction, since water 385 DOI: 10.3303/CET1865065 Please cite this article as: Casallas I.D., Carvajal E., Mahecha E., Castrillon C., Gomez H., Lopez C., Malagon-Romero D., 2018, Pretreatment of waste cooking oils for biodiesel production, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 65, 385-390 DOI: 10.3303/CET1865065 reacts with alkaline catalysts to generate emulsions (Carlini et al., 2014), and displaces the equilibrium of the transesterification reaction toward the reactants, causing hydrolysis of the oil. Keywords: biodiesel; cooking; oil; production; waste; wco
• Evaluation of Pre-treatments of Brewery’s Spent Grain for Growing Bacteria in the Production of Polyhydroxyalkanoates by Mendez Reyes, D.A.; Marti Serrano, E.; Puyuelo, M.B.; Colon, J.; Ponsa, S. (2018) - A solid-state fermentation (SSF) was carried out to evaluate PHA production. BSG is a promising substrate for bacterial growth and PHA production for its nutrient content. Keywords: biomass; bsg; growth; pha; pre; production; putida
• VESTA Methanation Applications for Small Scale, Multipurpose, Green SNG Production by Depetri, V.; Collodi, G.; Mancuso, L.; Ruggeri, F. (2018) - Ruggeri (2012), Mancuso (2015), and Stein and Ray (2016) analysed SNG production from waste gasification and biogas upgrading as a clean and low carbon alternative to natural gas used in the transition phase to a low carbon economy. The main input data are relevant to the woody material feedstock and the outlet thermal power of produced SNG of approximately 200 MWh, which correspond to a product flowrate of 21,000 Nm3/h. Figure 5 shows the Continuously Fluidized Bed (CFB) Keywords: biogas; biomass; gas; methanation; power; production; sng
• cet-3088 by None (None) - This contribution reports the characterization of succinic acid fermentation by A. succinogenes 130Z adopting as carbon source sugars representative of the hydrolysis of lignocellulosic biomass: glucose, mannose, arabinose, and xylose. Van Heerden C.D., Nicol W., 2013, Continuous succinic acid fermentation by Actinobacillus succinogenes, Biochem. Keywords: acid; concentration; fermentation; glucose; production; succinic; succinogenes; sugar
• cet-3089 by None (None) - Qureshi N., Maddox I.S., 2005, Reduction in butanol inhibition by perstraction: utilization of concentrated lactose/whey permeate by Clostridium acetobutylicum to enhance butanol fermentation economics, Food and Bioproducts Processing, 83, 43–52. Depending on the particular circumstances and the industrial objectives, and given the polluting nature of cheese whey (especially regarding COD), it could be desirable to maximize lactose consumption by microorganisms instead of prioritizing high butanol productions. Keywords: abe; acetone; butanol; cheese; concentration; fermentation; lactose; production; whey
• cet-3091 by None (None) - Table 2: Relevant data of C. acetobutylicum fermentation tests for the different apple peels to water mass ratios. This contribution is about the characterization of the ABE fermentation by Clostridium acetobutylicum DSM 792 using sugars from fruit peels. Keywords: butanol; concentration; fermentation; mass; peels; production; residues; tests; water
• cet-3092 by None (None) - It was found that in order to improve biomass production a large amount of culture media must be replaced (>90%), however after the third cycle biomass production was reduced from 10 g/L to 9 g/L; similarly under the same conditions lipids and DHA production increased from 15% to 20% (w/w) and from 3 to 5% (w/w) respectively in the first 3 cycles and then reduced in cycle 5. 3. Results and discussion Results for biomass production (figure 1) shown that culture times no larger than 4 days coupled with larger exchange of culture media will improve biomass concentration up to 10 g/L (productivity of 2 g/L*d-1), these results agree with those reported by Hong et al (2011) and Lee Chang et al (2013) where high initial concentrations of glucose boost biomass and lipid production durign the first 49 hr; however, substrate glucose levels as high as 100 g/L resulted in the retardation of biomass production in Aurantiochytrium strains (Yaguchi et al. 1997; Wong et al. 2008). Keywords: biomass; culture; days; dha; production
• cet-3093 by None (None) - In order to test the possibility to cultivate Synechoccocus PCC 7002 by using bicarbonate ion as a source of carbon instead of CO2, batch experiments were carried out with different concentrations of sodium bicarbonate, ranging between 5.5 and 88 g L-1. In this work we studied the tolerance of Synechococcocus PCC 7002 to sodium bicarbonate concentration evaluating its biomass production and carbohydrates accumulation in batch conditions, as well as their relationship with nutrients such as N and P, in view to evaluate this alternative carbon source for cyanobacterial cultivation. Keywords: bicarbonate; biomass; carbohydrates; cultivation; growth; l-1; production; sodium
• cet-3094 by None (None) - Hydrocarbon production from secondarily treated piggery wastewater by the green alga Botryococcus braunii. Studies on batch and continuous cultures of Botryococcus braunii: hydrocarbon production in relation to physiological state, cell ultrastructure, and phosphate nutrition. Keywords: biomass; botryococcus; braunii; hydrocarbons; lipids; nitrogen; production
• Quality Control of Tropical Fruit Pulp in Brazil by De Farias Silva, C.E.; De Oliveira Moura, E.M.; De Souza, J.E.A.; Abud, A.K.S. (2015) - Figure 1: Industrial process of fruit pulp production. Finally, the third aspect directs to the physicochemical characteristics of pulp fruit, Identity and Quality Standards (IQS's) and the parameters such as content of total soluble solids (°Brix), pH, acidity, total solids, total sugars and vitamin C, with specific values for each fruit flavor, that indicates whether during cultivation occurred some negligences on the nutritional aspect of the plant or, in the latter case, adulteration during processing and packaging, as addition of preservatives, acidulants or dilution of the pulp to increase yield. Keywords: brazil; control; food; fruit; haccp; portuguese; processing; production; pulp; quality; standards; title
• Integrated Sustainability Appraisal of Wine-growing Management Systems through LCA and LCC Methodologies by Falcone, G.; Strano, A.; Stillitano, T.; De Luca, A.I.; Iofrida, N.; Gulisano, G. (2015) - In particular, through a common life cycle inventory, which includes technical and economic primary data on input and output of production systems life cycle, the ReCiPe impact categories (with a focus on water assessment) and the net cash flows associated to specific financial indices were taken into account. Margni M., Rossier D., Crettaz P., Jolliet O., 2002, Life cycle impact assessment of pesticides on human health and ecosystems, Agriculture Ecosystems & Environment, 93(1-3), 379-392. MIPAAF, 2011, DM 30.11.2011, Disciplinare di produzione dei vini a denominazione di origine controllata «Cirò», Roma. Keywords: assessment; cycle; lca; life; life cycle; production; systems; water; wine
• Monitoring Strategies for Precise Production of High Quality Fruit and Yield in Apple in Emilia-Romagna by Manfrini, L.; Pierpaoli, E.; Zibordi, M.; Morandi, B.; Muzzi, E.; Losciale, P.; Corelli Grappadelli, L. (2015) - Because the growth rate of apple fruit has been shown to be linear in the second part of the season (Goffinet et al. 1995) when the fruit enlargement is driven by cell expansion, an accurate prediction of fruit diameter (size) at a nominal harvest date can be made as reported in table 1 (Lakso et al. 1995). Ellis, K., Baugher, T. A., Lewis, K., 2010, Results from survey instruments used to assess technology adoption for tree fruit production. Keywords: apple; diameter; fruit; growth; harvest; production; size
• cet-3734 by None (None) - Converting natural gas to liquid fuels, gas-to-liquid (GTL), is one option in bringing remote natural gas to the market. Conclusions A novel process concept is proposed for converting natural gas to liquid hydrocarbon products. Keywords: fischer; gas; model; product; production; reactor; tropsch; water
• Degradability and Sustainability of Nanocomposites Based on Polylactic Acid and Chitin Nano Fibrils by Cinelli, P.; Coltelli, M.B.; Mallegni, N.; Morganti, P.; Lazzeri, A. (2017) - 119 The LCA study was aimed at suggesting improvements for the production of NC based materials in terms of sustainability and future marketing. Plastic food packaging materials currently in use are hardly recyclable and very often post consume plastic packaging are directed to incineration or landfill. Keywords: chitin; compost; food; materials; packaging; pla; production; test; use
• cet-4658 by None (None) - Papagianni M., 2007, Advances in citric acid fermentation by Aspergillus niger: Biochemical aspects, membrane transport and modeling, Biotechnology advances, 25(3), 244 - 263. A significant increase of citric acid concentration was observed as the initial of fermentation medium was increasing from pH 2 - 3. Keywords: acid; concentration; fermentation; initial; medium; niger; production; sugar
• cet-4760 by None (None) - [TJ/total production of hard coal] (CSO 2012a) and their thermo-ecological cost Energy carriers inputs 2008 2009 2010 2011 TEC Steam coal 13,424 8,576 2,104 2,012 1.31 High - methane natural gas 407 494 809 877 1.15 Peat and wood 0 87 57 39 0.01 Motor gasoline 22 18 19 18 2.08 Automotive diesel oil 456 484 560 602 1.24 Light fuel oil 21 23 37 22 1.65 Coke oven gas 136 126 142 144 1.92 Electricity 15 461 15 291 15 669 15 550 4.72 Heat 4 279 4 542 5 108 4 299 2.29 Table 5: Selected material consumption in hard coal mines in Poland in the years 2008-2011 [Mg/total production of hard coal] (CSO 2012b) and their thermo-ecological cost [ The obtained results indicate, that from the point of view of improvement of ecological effectiveness of hard coal mine, the energy subsystem should be examined firstly. Keywords: coal; consumption; cost; energy; lca; production; resources; table; tec
• Microalgae Cultivation: Nutrient Recovery from Digestate for Producing Algae Biomass by Veronesi, D.; Ida, A.; D’Imporzano, G.; Adani, F. (2015) - The results show that microalgal biomass production offers real opportunities for addressing issues such nutrient recovery from wastewater streams and CO2 sequestration, and the resulting biomass could be employed as biofertilizer or to produce added-value organic chemicals as new raw materials. Ras, M. et al., 2011. Keywords: biomass; growth; l-1; medium; microalgae; production
• cet-516 by None (None) - Yousefi M., Khoramivafa M., Damghani A.M., 2017, Water footprint and carbon footprint of the energy consumption in sunflower agroecosystems, Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 24(24), 19827- 19834. Zhang F., Zhan J., Li Z., Jia S., Chen S., 2017a, Impacts of urban transformation on water footprint and sustainable energy in Shanghai, China, Journal of Cleaner Production, DOI: 10.1016/j.jclepro.2017.08.157. Keywords: energy; figure; footprint; hoekstra; production; publications; research; water
• cet-519 by None (None) - Nevertheless, the results are not always positive when it comes to the digestive tract content, the grease trap sludge (Luste et al., 2009), the primary sludge and the digested WAS (Nazari et al., 2017), the slaughterhouse by-products (Hejnfelt and Angelidaki, 2009), the codigestion of slaughterhouse waste with food waste (Grim et al., 2015), and the dewatered manure (Rafique et al., 2010). Hong et al., 2004 7.27 kJ∙g TS-1, 85 °C Primary sludge 6.8 log10 of Fecal coliform 11.4 kJ∙g TS-1, 85 °C WAS 6.5 log10 of Fecal coliform 10.1 kJ∙g TS-1, 65 °C AD sludge 5.6 log10 of Fecal coliform Hong et al., 2006 4.86 kJ∙g TS-1, 65 °C 7.60 kJ∙g TS-1, 65 °C Primary sludge WAS ~5.6 log10 of Fecal coliform ~5.4 log10 of Fecal coliform 10.1 kJ∙g TS-1, 65 °C AD sludge ~3.5 log10 of Fecal coliform Keywords: anaerobic; biowastes; digestion; energy; hygienization; pretreatment; production; sludge; thermal
• cet-5400 by None (None) - Based on the first results this research analyzed the economical and environmental feasibility of biogas production, due to the implementation of anaerobic digestions system. Although the first model is the most common and simple, it may bring an overestimated value of biogas production and compromise the economical study for implementation of a cogeneration system. Keywords: biogas; cogeneration; energy; implementation; production; swine; system; waste
• cet-5401 by None (None) - Figure 2: Impact assessment for different wine productions Figure 3: GWP of main processes occurring in the production stages (kgCO2eq/FU) The system boundary covered the industrial life-cycle stages of wine production. Keywords: cycle; energy; impact; lca; life; production; quality; wine
• cet-5723 by None (None) - The noxide ppears of our ction in DOI: 10.3303/CET1437029 Please cite this article as: Daltro de Freitas A.C., Guirardello R., 2014, Thermodynamic effect of co-reactant addition in the supercritical water gasification of biomass, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 37, 169-174 DOI: 10.3303/CET1437029 169 SCWG of glucose and cellulose (Freitas and Guirardello, 2012a) and in SCWG of microalgae biomass from C. vulgaris and Spirulina sp. (Freitas and Guirardello, 2013). diabatic syst ed on equilibr re (973.15 K) th substrates e addition of C hermic behavio eratures obse nitial tempera ures (K) arcane bagas .46 6.60 5.22 9.59 2.23 7.83 2.17 at constant pr The SCWG of amined. Keywords: addition; bagasse; biomass; ch4; co2; molar; production; reactant; scwg; syngas; systems; wt%
• cet-6043 by None (None) - Weil S., Hamel S., Krumm W., 2006, Hydrogen energy from coupled waste gasification and cement production—A thermochemical concept study, International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 31, 1674- 1689. Chang et al. (2011) studied on biomass gasification for hydrogen production. Keywords: biomass; feedstock; gasification; hydrogen; production; steam; waste
• cet-6046 by None (None) - The methods of sample preparation allowed to maximize the dispersion of copper nanoparticles on TiO2 surface, improving their photocatalytic performances in H2 production. The metal copper nanoparticles were loaded on the supports by photo-deposition technique, which allowed a better control of the particle size and dispersion on TiO2 surface (Ampelli et al., 2012b). Keywords: ampelli; cuox; ethanol; gas; phase; photo; production; tio2; water
• cet-6048 by None (None) - Figure 1: Optimal capacity sensitivity analysis Figure 1 illustrates the fact that improvements of the cassava-to-ethanol conversion ratio (i.e. lower ratios) have the greatest leverage on optimal plant capacities. Please cite this article as: Lauven L.P., Liu B., Geldermann J., 2013, Investigation of the influence of plant capacity on the economic and ecological performance of cassava-based bioethanol, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 35, 595-600 DOI:10.3303/CET1335099 595 soils. Keywords: capacity; cassava; costs; ethanol; investment; plant; production; roi; transportation
• Production of Ammonia from Low Rank Coal Employing Chemical Looping and Haber-Bosch Process by Aziz, M.; Oda, T.; Morihara, A.; Kashiwagi, T. (2017) - Based on the above background, NH3 production system from LRC with high total energy efficiency but low CO2 emission is demanded. Figure 2: Process flow diagram of proposed NH3 production system from LRC. Keywords: chemical; efficiency; energy; nh3; power; production
• cet-6574 by None (None) - Figure 3: Ethanol concentrations for the formulations B16, B20 and B25 containing 16, 20 and 25 % (160, 200 and 250 g/L) of exploded sugarcane bagasse The Figure 4 represents ethanol production using the formulations B20 and enzyme complex produced in MPTE3 condition of extraction with replace of acid hydrolysis by enzymatic hydrolyzed milk whey. The use of cheese whey to extract enzyme complex increased the ethanol production in 20.4 % compared to a control test using water in place of cheese whey and the use of hydrolyzed cheese whey increased ethanol production in 55.1 % compared to water extraction. Keywords: bagasse; enzyme; ethanol; fermentation; production; sugarcane; whey
• cet-6581 by None (None) - Present contribution moves one step further along the direction of investigating the effects of photobioreactor depth on biodiesel production by S. bacillaris. Bubble column photobioreactors (Figure 1) were prism with rectangular cross section. Keywords: biomass; co2; concentration; conditions; cultures; depth; photobioreactors; production
• cet-6682 by None (None) - Use phase: The following assumptions were specified: - The running capacity during the use phase is 200,000 km (10 y). - Fuel reduction coefficients on gasoline powered vehicles: 0.3 L/(100 kgx100 km) for a lighter car (lower limit), 0.5 L/(100 kgx 100 km) for a heavier car (upper limit). - Weight reduction for a single basic component amounts to 280 g using hemp fibre composites. 2. Scope and goal definition The present work is a comparative life cycle study in order to evaluate the main environmental impacts associated to the production of an automotive interior side panel made of plant-based epoxy resin as hemp fibre as reinforcement in comparison with petroleum-based composite. Keywords: composite; epoxy; hemp; impact; life; production; resin
• Product-based Carbon Constraint Energy Planning with Pinch Analysis for Sustainable Methanol Industry in China by Qin, Z.; Tang, K.; Wu, X.; Yu, Y.; Zhang, Z. (2017) - Considering the various technological sources and predictable product demand in methanol production industries, this paper presents the method of Product-based Carbon Constraint Energy Planning (PCEP) combined with improved GM(1,1) model to analyse the practical interaction between energy demand and carbon emission for methanol industry in 2020 in China. Aiming to investigate the interaction between energy supply and carbon emission, Pinch Analysis has been widely extended in the fields of energy planning. Keywords: carbon; coal; constraint; emission; energy; industry; methanol; production; routing
• Evaluation of Methane Production of Six Varieties of Date Pulp Waste (Phoenix Dactylifera L.) by Souli, Ikbel; Liu, Xiaojun; Lendormi, Thomas; Chaira, Nizar; Ferchichi, Ali; Lanoiselle, Jean-Louis (2018) - Over 2,000,000 t of date palm fruit wastes in the world are DOI: 10.3303/CET1870264 Please cite this article as: Souli I., Liu X., Lendormi T., Chaira N., Ferchichi A., Lanoiselle J.-L., 2018, Evaluation of methane production of six varieties of date pulp waste (phoenix dactylifera l.) , Chemical Engineering Transactions, 70, 1579-1584 DOI:10.3303/CET1870264 1579 mailto:thomas.lendormi@univ-ubs.fr discarded annually, leading to severe environmental problems (Mrabet et al., 2012). Some studies are related to the evolution of the substrates concentration and the characterization of the physico- chemical parameters of AD digesters in real time for the purpose of kinetic modeling of methane production. Keywords: content; correlation; date; methane; potential; production; sugars; total; varieties
• Sustainable Model Integration of Waste Production and Treatment Process Based on Assessment of GHG by Hrabec, Dusan; Somplak, Radovan; Nevrly, Vlastimir; Smejkalova, Veronika (2018) - Figure 1: S-shaped function as a dependency between waste prevention cost and waste production amount 1604 2.2 Recycling Another important tool for the optimization of the integrated waste management system is recycling. The aim is to design the optimal waste management strategy, where stakeholders decide about the investment to the propagation of waste prevention and to advertising of waste recycling, and investors decide about new facility location and technological parameter. Keywords: cost; function; management; prevention; production; recycling; waste; wte
• Life Cycle Energy Assessment of Pneumatic Waste Collection Static Systems: A Case Study of Energy Balance for Decision-Making Process by Garcia-Herrero, Isabel; Oliveira-Leao, Susana; Margallo, Maria; Laso, Jara; Bala, Alba; Fullana, Pere; Raugei, Marco; Irabien, Angel; Aldaco, Ruben (2018) - As shown, results indicate that replacing the prevailing system with pneumatic waste collection would increase primary energy demand and GWP. DOI: 10.3303/CET1870284 Please cite this article as: Garcia-Herrero I., Oliveira-Leao S., Margallo M., Laso J., Bala A., Fullana P., Raugei M., Irabien A., Aldaco R., 2018, Life cycle energy assessment of pneumatic waste collection static systems: a case study of energy balance for decision-making process , Chemical Engineering Transactions, 70, 1699-1704 DOI:10.3303/CET1870284 1699 One alternative to conventional MSW trucking collection is pneumatic transportation. Keywords: collection; cycle; door; energy; life; management; production; study; system; waste
• cet-7320 by None (None) - 2.2 Replacing the methanol production within indirect DME production This paper presents the replacing of pure methanol within DME production, and natural gas with biogas. 2.3 Economical analysis for replacing methanol production within indirect DME production This economical analysis included modification of the existing process units and the purchase of a new DME reactor (500,000 EUR/y), modification of six existing the heat exchangers during the purification section (6 � 20,000 = 120,000 EUR/y), and the modifications of two columns (2 � 40,000 = 80,000 EUR/y). Keywords: dme; energy; eur; gas; methanol; production
• cet-7331 by None (None) - Qureshi N., Blaschek H.P., 2000, Economics of butanol fermentation using hyper-butanol producing Clostridium beijerinckii BA101, Trans IChemE, 78(Part C), 139–144. Fermentation substrate is an important factor influencing the cost of butanol production (Qureshi and Blaschek, 2000; Kumar and Gayen, 2011). Keywords: abe; acetobutylicum; butanol; caco3; concentration; fermentation; medium; production; sugar; xylose
• Managing Land Use Change Greenhouse Gas Emissions of Bioethanol Production by Garcia, D.J.; You, F. (2017) - Life cycle emissions, including LUC emissions, direct processing emissions, and indirect processing emissions are to be minimized. Second, if minimization of life cycle emissions is the goal, then more focus must be directed towards more efficient and cleaner processing methods, as direct processing emissions are more than three times larger than iLUC emissions. Keywords: biofuels; biomass; cycle; emissions; ethanol; gtap; iluc; land; lfr; life; model; production; use
• cet-8282 by None (None) - Furthermore there is more than one objective in energy system analysis. In energy system analysis this is not the case. Keywords: analysis; data; energy; paper; production; simulation; systems
• cet-8283 by None (None) - Growth kinetics and protease production The kinetics of growth and enzyme production was followed at different time intervals. Optimization of production medium and protease production condition The effect of pH on protease production was determined by growing bacteria in fermentation media of different pH (7-12) using appropriate buffers. Keywords: activity; effect; enzyme; production; protease
• Challenges for Energy Efficiency Improvement Anaerobic Digestion (AD) by Fan, Y.V.; Lee, C.T.; Klemes, J.J. (2017) - This overview attempts to interpret the mentioned aspects for AD energy efficiency enhancement. Table 1: Categorised criteria for AD study. Keywords: biogas; digestion; energy; potential; pre; production; studies; substrate; treatment; waste
• Optimization of CH4 Removal from Diluted Emissions and Continuous PHB Production by Methylocystis hirsuta: Towards GHG Biorefineries by Garcia-Perez, Teresa; Lopez, Juan; Passos, Fabiana; Lebrero, Raquel; Revah, Sergio; Munoz, Raul (2018) - Finally, it is important to stress that the high PHB productivities reached in this study were obtained with CH4 diluted streams (4 % v/v), compared to studies conducted at higher CH4 concentrations and supporting slightly higher accumulations of PHB (Rahnama et al. 2012). López J.C., Quijano G., Pérez R., Muñoz R., 2014, Assessing the influence of CH4 concentration during culture enrichment on the biodegradation kinetics and population structure, Journal Environmental. Keywords: ch4; ebrt; gas; h-1; m-3; min; phb; production
• cet-9558 by None (None) - Net CO2eq emission, kg/ tMSW = (CO2eq emission of transportation + CO2eq emission of WtE process) - Avoided CO2eq emission (6) CO2eq emission of transportation is Eq(1), CO2eq emission of WtE process is Eq(2), Avoided CO2eq emission is Eq(3) or Eq(4) or CO2eq emission of transportation, kg/ tMSW = (Fcc x Fef) Dc + (Fct x Fef) Keywords: co2eq; electricity; emission; energy; incineration; production; waste; wte

• Effects of High Voltage Pulsed Electric Field on Antioxidant Activity of Tea Polyphenols for Yunnan Pu’er Tea by Jiang, Mingzhong; Chen, Ting; Zhao, Yan; Wu, Qi; Feng, Bo; Xiong, Shan; Wang, Baijuan (2017) - This paper deals with the extraction of tea polyphenols from tea samples by HPEF, and studies the effect of HPEF on the extraction rate and antioxidant activity of Pu’er tea polyphenols. We can see that through the analysis of the corresponding regression model: HPEF can improve the antioxidant activity of Pu’er tea polyphenols to a certain extent, and 1) When the voltage is 22kV, the tea polyphenols have the best scavenging effect on ·OH; 2) When the frequency is less than 100Hz and the voltage is less than 16kV, tea polyphenols has the greatest scavenging ability for O2·–; 3)The main factor affecting the scavenging ability on DPPH radical is frequency; when the frequency is about 140Hz, the scavenging ability of tea polyphenols on DPPH radical is the highest; 4) Keywords: frequency; hpef; model; pu’er; scavenging; tea; tea polyphenols; voltage
• Research on Infrared Spectrum Food Detection Technology Based on Markov Distance Singular Point Identification Method by Yang, Ling; Wu, Ting; Zou, Juan; Huang, Yunmao; Babu V, Sarath; Lin, Li (2017) - In the paper, three kinds of meat detection models were established by PLS-DA and BP neural network modeling methods. At the same time, three kinds of meat identification models were established by BP neural network modeling method. Keywords: detection; method; model; neural; pls; set
• Research on the Prediction of Hazardous Chemicals Accidents Based on Improved Grey Model by Zhang, Minhui; Yang, Jian (2017) - The possibility of hazardous chemicals accidents is increasing. The study of reducing hazardous chemicals accidents is an important research field of safety production in china. Keywords: accidents; chemicals; grey; model; prediction
• Prediction of Chemical Oxygen Demand Emissions in Wastewater Treatment Plant Based on Improved Artificial Neural Network Model by Xue, Huijun (2017) - Figure 3: Training error curve of improved BP neural network Figure 4: Regression result of neural network As can be seen from Figure 3, using 8 measurable sewage indexes as inputs of BP neural network, and COD as output, a soft sensing model of sewage treatment is established. Bao and Xu (2011) have the established stepwise regression analysis model, ARMA model, neural network model based on time series analysis and neural network model based on regression analysis. Keywords: model; network; neural; sewage; treatment; water
• Mathematical Programming for Heat Exchanger Network Design with Temperature-Dependent Specific Heat Capacity by Valeekiatkul, Siwat; Siemanond, Kitipat (2019) - Moreover, average Cp calculation for each stage has high accuracy and it is free to calculate without any fixed Cp data from user. It shows that new Cp linearization technique give higher accuracy for Cp calculation. Keywords: heat; hen; model; temperature; 𝑁𝑂𝑃
• Improved Superstructural Optimisation of an Industrial Water System with Multiple Water Resources by Iqbal, Kashif; Jiang, Wei; Deng, Chun (2020) - The proposed mathematical model provides appropriate water resource selection to acquire freshwater for the industrial water network and integrates all possible functional designs for water treatment, reuse, and recycling. The overall industrial water system superstructure presented by Gunaratnam et al. (2005) and optimised wastewater processing and water systems simultaneously. Keywords: dws; freshwater; model; system; treatment; water
• Heat Integrated Water Regeneration Network Synthesis via Graph-Theoretic Sequential Method by How, Bing Shen; Orosz, Akos; Teng, Sin Yong; Lim, Juin Yau; Friedler, Ferenc (2021) - In the first step, a set of feasible water regeneration networks is generated using the conventional P-graph framework. Notably, Lim et al. (2017) had demonstrated how P-graph can be used for water network synthesis. Keywords: energy; graph; heat; hens; model; network; synthesis; water
• cet-11803 by None (None) - Results show that economic systems which allow for partial substitution are more resilient when disruptions occur in certain sectors of the economy. Tan R.R., Aviso K.B., Foo D.C.Y., 2018, Carbon emissions pinch analysis of economic systems, Journal of Cleaner Production, 182, 863-871. Keywords: graph; input; model; output; substitution
• cet-11806 by None (None) - Allocation models for COVID-19 vaccines The models are intended to provide recommendations of vaccine allocation in the general population with respect to two alternative objectives. Both a linear programming model and a nonlinear programming model have been developed to determine the optimal allocation of COVID-19 vaccines that minimize fatalities and COVID-19 transmission, respectively. Keywords: age; allocation; contact; covid-19; group; model; number; rates; vaccine
• cet-11938 by None (None) - For cold columns without reactions and with constant solids and gas mass flow rates along 𝑧, the changes of velocities are due to the changes of volumetric fractions only. Reactor model The proposed reactor configuration is a continuous CFB, consisting of an absorber tube, which has the role of a riser of the CFB, the walls of which are exposed to concentrated solar radiation, allowing indirect heating of the reaction chamber. Keywords: bed; calcination; flow; gas; heat; mass; model; reactor; temperature; wall
• cet-12209 by None (None) - For big dust particles, oxygen diffusion through the pores can be considered as the rate determining step for metal dust explosion and, therefore, it is the main contributor to the deflagration index value. The model predicts the Kst value by solving material and energy balance equations for spherical dust particles wrapped by a single constant temperature fireball (generated by the ignitors explosion inside the 20 L sphere). Keywords: dust; model; particle; value; 𝐾𝐾𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆; 𝜕𝜕𝑆𝑆
• cet-12212 by None (None) - A detailed overview of common models for the sizing of tank breathing valves during the cooling of storage tanks is given in (Schmidt et al. 505 2019). Fullarton, D.; Evripidis, J.; Schluender, E.U (1987): Influence of product vapour condensation on venting of storage tanks. Keywords: et al; fullarton; fullarton et; model; moncalvo; moncalvo et; tank
• cet-12217 by None (None) - Ustolin F., Iannaccone T., Cozzani V., Jafarzadeh S., Paltrinieri N., 2021, Time to Failure Estimation of Cryogenic Liquefied Tanks Exposed to a Fire, Proceedings of the 31st European Safety and Reliability Conference, 935–942. 540 lp-2022-abstract-091.pdf Cryogenic Hydrogen Storage Tanks Exposed to Fires: a CFD Study This time was deducted by observing the experimental pressure and temperature curves, that show a sudden increase of tank pressure and temperatures starting from 115 s. Keywords: case; cfd; fire; hydrogen; insulation; lh2; mlvi; model; pressure; tank; temperature
• cet-12519 by None (None) - Figure 3 Volume fraction of CO2 and mass transfer rate in the aeration gas Due to the relatively small cross-sectional area and high air velocity, the concentration of CO2 in both phases is uniform. The purpose of the presented work is to develop a CFD model that is supplementary to mass transfer experiments in photobioreactors under CO2-enriched conditions. Keywords: aeration; co2; gas; mass; model; photobioreactor; transfer
• cet-12569 by None (None) - The Monte Carlo simulation was computed using Microsoft Excel software by randomizing the uncertainties (microalgae growth productivity, M𝑃𝑟𝑜𝑑, biodiesel selling price, C𝐹𝐴𝑀𝐸, microalgae strain purchasing price, C𝑀𝐴, and microalgae FAME biodiesel productivity, P𝑀𝐴) according to their historical statistical data. One of the common approaches to perform stochastic optimization is via Monte Carlo simulation model. Keywords: biodiesel; carlo; chain; fame; microalgae; model; study; supply; uncertainties; usd
• cet-12731 by None (None) - A recent study by Zhou et al. (2021) proposed MINLP model to design water network considering seasonal changes in water demands and supplies from multiple water resources. A mixed-integer nonlinear programming model (MINLP) was developed earlier by Alnouri et al. (2015) to design optimal water integration networks. Keywords: cooling; energy; model; network; planning; treatment; units; water; 𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎
• cet-12732 by None (None) - Huang Y., Zhou Y., 2015, An optimization framework for workplace charging strategies. In the first scenario 95.98 % of total charging demand was satisfied. Keywords: chargers; charging; model; time; university; vehicles; 𝐽𝐽,∀
• cet-12735 by None (None) - The soft computing tool named Energy Fuzzy-On is a tool for aiding the integration of hybrid sustainable renewable energy systems. Due to this, sustainable, optimal and safe operations should be included in hybrid renewable energy systems, i.e., the integration of several types of energy generation equipment such as electrical energy generators, electrical energy storage systems, and renewable energy sources (Nazari-Heris and Mohammadi Iyatloo, 2018). Keywords: analysis; cost; criteria; decision; diesel; energy; fuzzy; model; planning; systems; tool
• cet-12739 by None (None) - Conclusions In this work, a multiphysics model for high temperature planar NaS batteries were formulated by extending models for tubular NaS batteries. In this work, a multiphysics model of a high-temperature planar NaS battery was formulated based on existing models for tubular NaS cells. Keywords: cell; data; model; multiphysics; nas; planar; temperature
• cet-12742 by None (None) - Migo-Sumagang M.V., Aviso K., Tapia J.F., Tan R.R., 2021, A superstructure model for integrated deployment of negative emissions technologies under resource constraints, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 88, 1– 6. Tan R.R., Almario E.M.R., Aviso K.B., Cruz J.B., Promentilla M.A.B., 2019, A methodology for tracing the rank invariance region in multi-criterion selection problems: application to negative emission technologies, Process Integration and Optimization for Sustainability, 3: 533–536. Keywords: case; constraints; emissions; model; nets; portfolio; resource; study; technologies
• cet-12759 by None (None) - For the calculation of adsorption capacity and removal percentage, Eq(1) and Eq(2), were used as follows; 𝑞𝑞𝑡𝑡 = 𝐶𝐶0 − 𝐶𝐶𝑡𝑡 𝑚𝑚 × 𝑉𝑉 (1) 𝑅𝑅 = 𝐶𝐶0 − 𝐶𝐶𝑡𝑡 𝐶𝐶0 × 100 (2) 1214 = qmL KL Ce 1 + KL Ce KL (L/mg) 0.0548 qmL(mg/g) 21.10 R2 0.9631 RMSE 1.5070 Freundlich qe = KFCe 1 n𝐹𝐹 KF (mg/g)(mg/L)-1/nF 4.9420 nF 3.859 R2 0.9959 RMSE 0.5052 Sips qe = qmsKSCe 1 nS 1 + KSCe 1 nS qms (mg/g) 52.58 KS (mg/L)-1/ns 0.0856 nS 0.3654 R2 0.9971 RMSE 0.4666 *qe: Equilibrium adsorption capacity (mg/g), K1: pseudo-first order kinetic constant, K2: pseudo-second order kinetic constant, h: initial sorption rate. Keywords: adsorbent; adsorption; capacity; clay; model; ni(ii; spc
• cet-12765 by None (None) - PET fibre plastic materials in different water bodies. A large proportion of PET plastics end up in landfills at the end of their life cycle or are released into the environment in an uncontrolled manner, leaving a large environmental footprint (Klemeš et al., 2020). Keywords: bodies; fibres; leaching; model; pet; plastic; samples; waste; water
• cet-12770 by None (None) - Taking this case as an example, the simulation results of its drug concentration and drug effect are shown in the Figure 2, and it can provide effective drug effect within a certain period of time in each cycle. In this model, tolerance is attributed to the accumulation of drug metabolites as drug antagonists, which leads to the decrease of drug effects over time. Keywords: delivery; drug; effect; model
• cet-12774 by None (None) - The CPU time of double hidden layer model is about 13 min while that of single hidden layer model is about 6.2 min. 3.2 Comparison of training value and predicted value of double hidden layer Figure 3: Correlation diagram between the predicted value and experiment data (a) Carbon gasification rate; (b) Hydrogen gasification rate; (c) Hydrogen yield; (d) Total gas yield 3.4 Results of single hidden layer model The prediction results of hydrogen and carbon dioxide are not ideal and the loss function values derived from the program are shown in Table 2: Table 2: Loss function values of different gasification products Carbon gasification rate Hydrogen gasification rate Hydrogen gas yield Total gas yield MSE 7.1355 Keywords: gasification; hydrogen; layer; model; prediction; value; yield
• cet-12782 by None (None) - One is the set of ymax variables, which are used to identify TIs with their temperatures lower than the highest stream temperature among hot stream inlet temperatures and cold stream outlet temperatures. Also, a simplified heat integration block was proposed for enabling non-isothermal mixing and indirect heat transfers based on a convex hull formulation (Ahmetović and Kravanja, 2013) for identifying the roles of water streams in HEN. Keywords: approach; heat; hiwn; model; step; stream; temperature; water
• cet-12800 by None (None) - Via Benigno Crespi 57, Milan 20159, Italy b Independent Scientific Consultant, Italy g.tinarelli@aria-net.it In the frame of the modelling simulation of odour nuisances, the estimation of concentration peaks, representing values averaged over a relatively short time of the order of the interval between subsequent breathes, is of fundamental importance. Figure 1a represents the average concentration field close to the ground given by the standard dispersion model, while Figure 1b and Figure 1c reproduce peak concentrations using the VTE method and the VPA method respectively, as described in Chapter 2. Keywords: concentration; dispersion; mean; method; model; particle; peak; vpa
• cet-12814 by None (None) - The latest developments in Lagrangian models, such as AUSTAL and GRAL, allow to calculate odour hour frequencies (analogous to exceedance probabilities), defined as one-hour time intervals in which the modelled peak concentration (assumed to be represented by the 90th percentile) exceeds the odour concentration threshold, usually set at 1 OUE∙m−3. Sommer-Quabach E., Piringer P., Petz, E. Schauberger G., 2014, Comparability of separation distances between odour sources and residential areas determined by various national odour impact criteria, Atmospheric Environment, 95, 20–28. Keywords: austal; complaints; dispersion; figure; gral; model; odour; symos
• cet-12822 by None (None) - Generally, the odour concentration is evaluated through emission olfactometry monitoring, and subsequently, based on the dispersion modelling software, impact maps are created at specific percentiles (odour concentrations that are reached for a certain number of hours a year). Furthermore, all these aspects affect the instantaneous perception of odour and in an ex-post simulation based on percentiles (odour concentrations that are reached for a certain number of hours a year), it is not possible to know what occurs above the specified percentile. Keywords: concentration; data; dispersion; emission; model; odour; source; time
• cet-13049 by None (None) - Also in this case, a detailed description of the experimental procedure is reported elsewhere (Concas et al., 2023). According to the literature (Concas et al., 2021b), the mass balance for biomass X, Eq. (1), is written by considering the death term and the growth term that depends on the limiting factors: average light intensity 𝐼𝑎𝑣, medium pH and nutrient’s concentration, [𝐶𝑗] with j representing total inorganic carbon (TIC), nitrogen (TIN), phosphorous (TIP). Keywords: h k; k k; mars; model
• cet-13070 by None (None) - It was found that one of the main causes of erosion is critically low content of humus in the soil in the range of 0.82-1.66 %, so the use of spatial modelling methods can help determine the best management practices to reduce and prevent soil erosion and improve its quality by increasing the content of humus in the soil. The calculation of the S-factor in this study is based on the RUSLE model, RUSLE is an empirically based modelling approach that predicts the long-term average annual rate of soil erosion on slopes using five factors. Keywords: erosion; factor; fertility; figure; model; soil; study
• cet-13103 by None (None) - The present work aims to determine the most critical parameters influencing RANS CFD modelling results for flow cavitation inside Venturi tubes and to provide optimization suggestions for enhancing a baseline Venturi design. Study of Venturi tube geometry on the hydrodynamic cavitation for the generation of microbubbles. Keywords: baseline; cavitation; chemical; flow; mesh; model; pressure; steam; tube; venturi
• cet-13106 by None (None) - Wearable devices provide real-time data on worker physical fatigue levels, allowing employers to respond quickly to any changes in conditions that may increase the risk of accidents in the wokplace. Even with the advancements in technology and automation, repetitive manual work and challenging tasks still strain workers, resulting in physical fatigue and increasing the chances of errors, production delays, and potential accidents. Keywords: data; exercises; fatigue; fitness; model; participant; setting; study; tasks
• cet-13107 by None (None) - Generally, in co-precipitation tests, transition metal sulfates, complexing agents, and sodium hydroxide (NaOH) are added in a stirred reactor under a nitrogen atmosphere that remove dissolved oxygen to avoid unwanted 169 oxidation reactions. Figure 1 Experimental equipment used for co-precipitation tests (a) and reaction mixture evolution during a typical test: at the beginning (b); after the complexing agent addition (c); at the precipitation phase end (d) 2.2 Rigorous simulation model The co-precipitation process has been modelled and simulated on UniSim Design® R470 using the OLI Engine® 10.0 package suitable for electrolytic equilibria. Keywords: ammonia; hydroxide; materials; metal; model; precipitation; recycling; 𝐶𝑁𝐻3
• cet-13111 by None (None) - The occurrence of hydrogen embrittlement (HE) relies on the synergy of several factors, such as hydrogen concentration, operating conditions, level of internal and applied stress, microstructure and chemical composition of the material. This study can provide critical insights into the susceptibility to hydrogen embrittlement for several materials operating under different environmental conditions. Keywords: conditions; embrittlement; hydrogen; materials; model; properties; stress; susceptibility; tensile; tests
• cet-13127 by None (None) - It was shown that of landslide event prediction has a considerable impact on the top events probabilities and the dynamically update of the risk precursors represents a relevant safety parameter allowing an early detection of a potential threat. Table 1: classification of landslide events Class (Label) Description Hazard level Nr events 1 Few shallow landslides Moderate hazard 0-1 2 Shallow landslides and rapid mud flows of limited size Medium hazard 2-3 3 Slope instability High hazard 3+ During training and validation, the performance of the model on different datasets is measured, exhibiting a good accuracy, as shown in Figure 2 left-hand side. Keywords: data; events; failure; landslides; model; natech; risk; system
• cet-13143 by None (None) - Material and methods The experiments are carried out using the model compounds alone, their binary and their ternary mixtures as feedstocks for HTL batch reactions. Cellulose, egg albumin and sunflower oil are used as model compounds to represent polysaccharides, proteins, and lipids, respectively. Keywords: albumin; biocrude; cellulose; compounds; htl; mixtures; model; oil; waste
• cet-13150 by None (None) - For the elimination of surface pathogens droplets between 10 and 100 m are usually preferred (e.g., Wood et al., 2021). This result is consistent with the results on SO2 absorption by charged droplets both at the laboratory scale (Di Natale et al., 2016, 2018, 2019) and pilot scale (Di Natale et al., 2022) and has a beneficial effect on surface disinfection processes, because lower evaporation means less reduction of droplets size and lower risk to disperse them as a consequence of the air motion in the surrounding environment. Keywords: disinfection; distribution; droplets; electrospray; evaporation; liquid; model; size; surface; water
• cet-13158 by None (None) - Figure 6: Reaction rate (a) k2 and (b) k4 as function of the temperature for a simple design plan, the factorial Design of Experiments and the Model-Based Design of Experiments. It is noticeable that the rate constant for reaction step 1 is significantly higher than for step 2, while the activation energies are approximately the same. Keywords: design; experiments; kinetic; mbdoe; model; plate; rate; reaction; reactor
• cet-13166 by None (None) - In fact, if properly constructed, ROMs that are based on original physical models can predict system behaviour in areas of parameter space that were not 523 explored during the model's development. To predict and understand the effect of steep changes of the state variables on such systems, a reaction-diffusion model is employed. Keywords: boundary; ignition; model; order; system; temperature; values
• cet-13175 by None (None) - Energy, 194 Cigolotti, V., Genovese, M., & Fragiacomo, P., 2021, Comprehensive review on fuel cell technology for stationary applications as sustainable and efficient poly-generation energy systems. Informa UK Ltd. Kumar Singla, M., Nijhawan, P., & Singh Oberoi, A., n.d., Hydrogen fuel and fuel cell technology for cleaner future: a review Martins, A. H., 2022, Biomass gasification as a way of producing green hydrogen: modelling and simulation in Aspen Plus®., master’s dissertation, Faculdade de Engenharia, Universidade Do Porto, Porto, Portugal McPhail, S. J., Kiviaho, J., & Conti, B., 2022, The yellow pages of SOFC technology. Keywords: fuel; heat; model; plant; power; ship; sofc; temperature
• cet-13189 by None (None) - In this work, we wish to showcase the possibility of controlling a crystallisation process using model predictive control to enable the production of crystal products with desired particle diameter distribution and crystalline product average size. The MPC (model predictive control) as an advanced control algorithm can be a solution to this. Keywords: control; crystal; crystalliser; model; mpc; rate; size; system
• Prediction of Main Potato Compounds by NIRS by Lopez-Maestresalas, A.; Perez, C.; Tierno, R.; Arazuri, S.; Ruiz De Galarreta, J.I.; Jaren, C. (2017) - Mehrubeoglu M., Cote G.L., 1997, Determination of total reducing sugars in potato samples using near- infrared spectroscopy, Cereal Foods World 42(5), 409-413. 4. Conclusions Quantitative analyses of different potato compounds have shown that good PLS regression models could be obtained for the prediction of nitrogen and TSP in a large collection of potato varieties. Keywords: content; model; nitrogen; pls; potato; prediction; samples; tsp; year
• cet-13477 by None (None) - The submitted model can presumably be used both in creating stable dispersions with particle sizes of about 40–50 nm in medicine and pharmacology and in developing methods for air purification from fine solid particles (PM2.5) with sizes of about 2.5 um. During sedimentation (settlement under the action of gravity), each particle in such suspensions settles separately, without forming aggregates with other particles. Keywords: aggregation; coagulation; energy; interaction; model; order; particles; stability; surface
• cet-13502 by None (None) - ISBN 979-12-81206-01-4; ISSN 2283-9216 The Systems Engineering Approach as a Modelling Paradigm of the Agri-Food Supply-Chain Maria Teresa Gaudio*, Sudip Chakraborty, Stefano Curcio University of Calabria, Laboratory of Transport Phenomena and Biotechnology, Department of DIMES, Cubo-42a, 87036 Rende (CS), Italy] mariateresa.gaudio@unical.it The agri-food supply-chain represents a complex System-of-System (SoS), because it crosses different other sectors and involves many different actors. It consists of different sectors that interact between them and it could be seen as a SoS, whose system elements are themselves systems; typically, SoS entail large-scale interdisciplinary problems with multiple, heterogeneous, distributed systems. Keywords: agri; chain; food; information; model; requirements; supply; system
• Numerical Evaluation of a Seed Distributor Head for Air Seeders by Bourges, G.; Eliach, J.J.; Medina, M.A. (2017) - Bourges (et al, 2009) evaluate the incidence of dents in the inlet tube, in the distribution of air flow in a distributor head is analyzed. Thereafter, air flow enters the field expansion, where is splitted between the outlets tubes. Keywords: air; bourges; distributor; drill; flow; head; model; particle; seeds; time
• cet-13687 by None (None) - Introduction The concern about climate change on energy systems has made clear the urgency of establishing the sustainable balance of the energy trilemma in energy system planning regarding energy security, energy equity and environmental sustainability (World Energy Council, 2022). Table 1 shows the utility cost factor, carbon emission factor and energy trading cost. Keywords: coalition; companies; company; cooperative; cost; energy; model; multi; p2p; system; trading; utility
• cet-13689 by None (None) - Such phenomena include variations in gas phase pressure, temperature, and CO2 mass flow rate. Existing models often incorporate simplifying assumptions and rarely capture the simultaneous variations of critical phenomena inside the RPB apparatus, such as gas phase CO2 mass flow rate, liquid and gas temperatures, and pressure drop. Keywords: absorption; co2; gas; liquid; mass; mea; model; phase; transfer
• cet-13694 by None (None) - Ocłoń P., Chin H.H., Kozak-Jagieła E., Taler J., Ścisłowicz F., Czamara M., 2023, Photovoltaic–thermal waste heat integration with underground thermal energy storage and heat pump systems, Handbook of Process Integration (PI), Woodhead Publishing Limited, Cambridge, UK, 1017-1042. ℎ2 Water-ground heat transfer coefficient in the non-insulated tank 300 W/(m2∙K) 𝜌𝑤 Water density 1,000 kg/m3 𝑐𝑤 Water specific heat 4,180 J/(kg∙K) Keywords: energy; heat; model; storage; tank; temperature; underground; vapor; water
• cet-13697 by None (None) - Figure 3: Comparison between the base (solid lines) and optimized (dash lines) battery models for the (a) discharge curve and (b) temperature profile for 1 C (red lines) and 0.5 C (black lines) discharge rate The optimized model’s discharge voltage is slightly lower than the base model, as illustrated in Figure 3a. Although common among lithium-ion batteries, LiPo battery parameter optimization, and sensitivity analyses are relatively unexplored territory in research. Keywords: anode; battery; density; discharge; energy; lithium; model; optimization; parameter; sensitivity
• cet-13703 by None (None) - A System Dynamics approach is used to model and simulate the underlying mechanisms of land subsidence and how different factors interact to cause changes in the system over time. The study finds that altering the water supply of the system provides the greatest impact on reducing land subsidence. Keywords: demand; groundwater; land; model; subsidence; supply; system; water; wells
• cet-13710 by None (None) - The model uses one set of model constants for the entire range of release conditions. Crist S., Sherman P.M., Glass D.R., 1966, Study of the Highly Underexpanded Sonic Jet, AIAA Journal, 4, pp68-71 Daubech, J., Hebrard, J., Jallais, S., Vyazmina, E., Jamois, D., & Verbecke, F., 2015, Un-ignited and ignited high pressure hydrogen releases: Concentration–turbulence mapping and overpressure effects. Keywords: conditions; data; effects; figure; flow; model; pressure; release
• cet-13723 by None (None) - The material and energy balances included within this model were based on the following hypotheses: 1) dust particles has spherical symmetry; 2) resistance to mass transfer and diffusive versus convective flow in the gaseous phase are negligible; 3) secondary reactions between volatile compounds and pyrolysis products are absent; 4) there is local thermal equilibrium between solids and volatiles; 5) specific heat of the solid phase is constant and higher than specific heat of the gaseous phase; 6) air temperature in the influence zone (Tair) and the volume of the particles (Vt) are constant; 7) the state of the gaseous phase is pseudo-stationary. 104 Table 1: Dust ignition energy and equivalent spark diameters taken from the article by Bu et al. (2019) Keywords: dust; energy; experimental; ignition; influence; mie; model
• cet-13742 by None (None) - • Energy (heat, steam, electric energy) and fuel consumption and emissions. b. Climate impact criteria • Energy and fuel streams by type and origin. Keywords: analysis; carbon; climate; cost; decarbonization; energy; ghg; lcoc; model; project
• cet-13769 by None (None) - Table 1: Summary of assigned and compared variables for HS3 Aspen PLUS model validation. The authors are grateful to Olaf Trygve Berglihn (SINTEF) and to Prof. Stefania Moioli (Politecnico di Milano) for their support on the set-up of the model validation procedure and useful discussion on thermodynamics and model development. Keywords: aspen; co2; data; figure; hs3; model; solvent; stripper; validation
• cet-13780 by None (None) - As a result, they provide more accurate results with respect with equilibrium models (Bove et al. 2016, Marchelli et al. 2019), highly specific for a determined reactor and type of biomass. The advantage of using an ANN is that it does not require a mathematical description of the physical phenomenon, permits to obtain a higher level of accuracy with the same number of inputs as in equilibrium models, and presents good performances especially in case of non-linearities in the output (Elman, 2020). Keywords: biomass; data; equilibrium; gasification; model; oxidation; reactor; zone
• cet-13814 by None (None) - OPEX comparison between surrogate model and simulation data Finally, for the Butane-Pentane column, the calculation for OPerating EXpenses was performed as well as shown in Figure 4 based on the subsets organization discussed in Zinare Mamo et al. (2023) ordered according to the distribution product rate, bottom pentane partial flowrate and reflux ratio. Learning surrogate models for simulation-based optimization, AIChE Journal 60, 2211–2227. Keywords: case; chemical; distillation; emissions; model; modelling; study; surrogate
• cet-14333 by None (None) - In summary, this research demonstrated the potential of machine learning algorithms to automate and optimize SAP EWM ticket classification processes in AMS, aligning with sustainability goals without relying on cloud solutions. For instance, SAP offers a solution called Service Ticket Intelligence on the SAP Cloud BTP (Business Technology Platform), which employs machine learning for service ticket classification. Keywords: classification; data; learning; machine; management; model; phase; sap; service; support; svm; ticket
• cet-14352 by None (None) - PS1 Automated smart stores would offer me better value for money (Indrawati and Putri, 2018); deleted PS2 I would not mind paying more to try automated smart stores (Kapser and Abdelrahman, 2020) Appendix A Table A1: Research statements Code CONSTRUCTS AND STATEMENTS PE1 I would find automated smart stores useful in my daily life (Venkatesh et al., 2012); deleted PE2 Using automated smart stores would increase my flexibility daily (Kapser and Abdelrahman, 2020) PE3 Using automated smart stores would help me accomplish things more quickly ( Keywords: doi; et al; intention; model; research; stores; technology; venkatesh; venkatesh et
• cet-14353 by None (None) - Construction of the roller gearing gearbox model When constructing the model, it can be clearly seen that some of the loss sources are load-dependent, and some are speed-dependent, as shown in Figure 2. In technical life, especially in the case of propulsion units used in the vehicle industry, the energetic behavior of propulsion units is of great importance, which typically means the discovery of propulsion unit loss sources and the determination of their magnitude (Concli, 2016). Keywords: ball; gearbox; gearing; loss; model; roller; torque; unit
• cet-14371 by None (None) - Future research should incorporate these findings into the design of possible structural models, as this area of AI research has the potential to bring significant social science and educational benefits. This type of factor analysis can be used for the identification of the smallest number of hypothetical structures (factors, dimensions) and for the identification of structural differences between the variables to be measured (Watkins, 2018). Keywords: analysis; education; factor; intelligence; learning; model; research; study; university; use; variables
• cet-14393 by None (None) - Introduction The growing need for responsible and efficient practices has fuelled significant advancements in numerical simulations and modeling techniques for welding processes. The finite element analysis (FEA) plays a pivotal role in this work, serving as a powerful tool that empowers researchers to conduct comprehensive thermo-mechanical analyses of welding processes. Keywords: analysis; heat; model; numerical; parameters; processes; simulation; temperature; variables; welding
• cet-14407 by None (None) - DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2008.03.069 Taseski N., 2015, Supercritical fluid extraction of Sclerocarya birrea kernel oil, Doctoral dissertation), University of North West, North West, South Africa Valverde A., Alvarez-Florez J., Recasens, F., 2020, Mathematical modelling of supercritical fluid extraction of liquid lanoline from raw wool. DOI: 10.1080/10942912.2022.2064491 Mohamed Zahari M.A., Salleh L.M., 2017, Application of genetic algorithm on model-based optimization of supercritical carbon dioxide extraction: an overview, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 56, 67-72 DOI:10.3303/CET1756012 Mokgolodi N.C., Ding Y.F., Setshogo M.P., Ma, C., Liu Y.J., 2011, The importance of an indigenous tree to southern African communities with specific relevance to its domestication and commercialization: a case of the marula tree. Keywords: density; extraction; model; oil; solubility; 𝐴𝐴 𝑇𝑇
• cet-14418 by None (None) - Firstly, a particle-resolved 3D-packed structure of the catalyst pellets (micro-scale model) was developed, and the effective properties, including porosity, specific surface area, permeability, and thermal conductivity, were evaluated. 2.2 Simulation method of micro-scale model In the micro-scale model, the 3D random-packed structure of the catalyst pellets is constructed first, and the porosity and the specific surface area are estimated. Keywords: catalyst; gas; micro; model; pellet; permeability; reactor; scale; temperature
• cet-14424 by None (None) - The experiments carried out have shown that MOS materials are suitable for discoloration of wastewater. The experiments carried out have shown that MOS materials are suitable for discoloration of wastewater. Keywords: adsorption; chemical; dye; fuchsin; model; moringa; mos; oleifera; retention; study
• cet-14435 by None (None) - • The coalescence of water droplets is negligible. A CF < 1 ensures that the vortices formed in the agitation process have sufficient energy to break water droplets and produce suitable microemulsions. Keywords: biodiesel; dataset; diesel; distribution; microemulsions; model; water
• cet-14468 by None (None) - The main results, in terms of CMF conversion, CMFA, MMF, MMFA, and LM yields, are reported in Figure 1 at all the tested temperatures. The CMF conversion in each batch increased over time, with the testing temperature, and it was complete in all the cases after 4 h. Figure 1 – CMF conversion (εCMF) and product yields (Yi) at a) 10, b) 20, c) 40, and d) Keywords: cmf; conversion; kinetic; mmf; model; reaction; scheme; yield
• cet-14680 by None (None) - Additionally, they should determine the required firefighting resources (e.g., firefighting water tanks and fire engines) to fight potential fires and prevent fire domino effects in the plant. For effective firefighting, determining the quantity of required firefighting resources is as important as selecting firefighting strategies. Keywords: firefighting; flux; model; resources; tank; 𝑂𝑟𝑖𝑔𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑙
• cet-14689 by None (None) - Case study The case study focuses on the characterization of the risk associated to hydrogen accidental releases from a typical facility in the energy industry. This result derives from the higher frequencies obtained for hydrogen scenarios, as evident from the data reported in Table 2. Keywords: assessment; case; energy; hydrogen; methane; model; release; risk; scenarios
• cet-14691 by None (None) - The results of this work can be used as the starting point to build a CFD model suitable for studying hydrogen releases in large domains, such as glass manufacturing facilities, where obstacles and mechanical ventilation systems are present. This study represents the first step in building a model for hydrogen releases capable of replicating a wide range of operating conditions. Keywords: concentration; diffusion; energy; glass; hydrogen; industry; model; pressure; release; simulation; time
• cet-14695 by None (None) - The application of the model to several case studies considering different numbers of MLI layers and tank geometries demonstrates that aluminum-based MLI offers scarce protection in case of exposure to a hydrocarbon poolfire. Figure 3 shows the impact of the number of MLI layers, N, on the activation time (tPRV) of the pressure relief valve (PRV) (set to 4.7 bar as in the fire test conducted by Pehr (1996)) for the three case studies. Keywords: case; cryogenic; fire; heat; hydrogen; layer; mli; model; tank
• cet-14704 by None (None) - For instance, Balabel et al. (2011) analysed the performance using specific NPR with turbulence models such as Standard k-ε (Launder and Spalding, 1972), Extended k-ε (Chen and Kim, 1987), k-ε-v2-f (v2-f-1) (Lien and Kalitzinm, 2001), Realizable k-ε-v2-f (v2-f-2) (Durbin, 1995), SST k-ω (Menter, 1994), and Reynolds Stress (Launder et al., 1975). Future research in rocket propulsion systems and nozzle design can leverage this study's methodology and results to choose turbulence models for enhanced predictive accuracy. Keywords: experimental; model; nozzle; npr; pressure; turbulence; 𝜕𝑥𝑗
• cet-14718 by None (None) - [°C] CNH 3 in [M] QG [m3/h] QL [m3/h] yCO 2 in [%] 4 10 1 25.47∙10-3 1.67∙10-3 10 5 0 1 25.47∙10-3 1.67∙10-3 10 6 0 2 25.47∙10-3 1.67∙10-3 10 Figure 1: Experimental setup of CO2 capture in bubble column (a) and packed bed system (b). Whiteman, W. G., 1962, The two-film theory of gas absorption, International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, 5 (5) 429-433. Keywords: bubble; capture; chemical; co2; column; gas; model; nh3; solution; 𝐶𝐻+
• cet-14729 by None (None) - However, studies on surfactant adsorption in ASP formulation modelling are still limited and unclear, making it challenging to obtain the ideal ASP formulation. However, research and studies on surfactant adsorption in ASP formulations is currently limited. Keywords: adsorption; anionic; asp; concentration; ctab; model; ppm; sds; surfactant
• cet-14741 by None (None) - 3. Results and discussion 3.1 Comparison with experimental data and various viscosity model The results obtained from a series of CFD simulations using various viscosity models with different Reynolds numbers were conducted to provide viscosity–shear rate relationship as illustrated in Figure 2. Nomenclature 𝜌𝜌 – density of fluid, kg/m3 𝒖𝒖 – velocity vector, m/s 𝛻𝛻 – pressure, Pa 𝜂𝜂 – dynamic viscosity of fluid, kg/(m s) 𝝉𝝉 – stress tensor or shear stress, Pa 𝐃𝐃 – symmetric rate of strain tensor, 1/s 𝑛𝑛 – flow behavior index, - 𝐾𝐾 – flow consistency index, Pa sn �̇�𝛾 – shear rate of the fluid flow, 1/s 𝜇𝜇0 – initial viscosity, kg/(m s) 𝜇𝜇∞ – infinite viscosity, kg/(m s) 𝐾𝐾∗ – modified consistency index of 𝐾𝐾, - 𝜆𝜆 – time constant for proposed viscosity model, s 𝜃𝜃 – scale factor for time constant 𝜆𝜆, - Regen – generalized Reynolds number, - 𝑈𝑈 – imposed average velocity, m/s 𝑚𝑚 – time constant for Cross power law model, s 𝑘𝑘 – time constant for Bird–Carreau model, s �̇�𝛾𝑐𝑐 – critical shear rate, 1/s �̇�𝛾𝑏𝑏 – breakthrough shear rate, 1/s References Bird R.B. and Carreau P.J., 1968, A Nonlinear Viscoelastic Model for Polymer Solutions and Melts–I, Chemical Engineering Science, 23, 427 – 434. Keywords: fluid; model; rate; shear; viscosity
• cet-14767 by None (None) - 2.2.4 Model testing Once developed, the model was uploaded to the IOMS analysing the gas stream entering the scrubber, with the aim of recognizing anomalous odour concentration values entering the abatement system. This paper investigates the potentiality of an approach for odour quantification based on Support Vector Regression, which is suitable to deal with non-linear data and it is also able to account for the uncertainty of the reference method for measuring odour concentration, i.e. dynamic olfactometry. Keywords: concentration; data; ioms; model; odour; odour concentration; olfactometry; training; value
• cet-14770 by None (None) - The dataset combines elevation data from various sources, including satellite altimetry, stereo photogrammetry, and topographic maps and offers elevation data at multiple resolutions, ranging from 7.5 arc-seconds (approximately 250 meters) to 30 arc-seconds (approximately 1 kilometre). Notably, CALMET can optionally utilize output from prognostic meteorological models like WRF. Keywords: calmet; calpuff; data; model; odour; prolor; run; system; wrf
• cet-14772 by None (None) - This trend reverses in the far-field where static PMR revealed higher peak odour concentrations than dynamic PMR, although the discrepancy was somehow negligible. A critical and still partly unresolved issue is determining the most effective approach to estimate the short-term peak odour concentrations. Keywords: concentrations; configurations; lapmod; model; odour; peak; pmr; time
• cet-14797 by None (None) - Wind energy system and solar PV energy system are selected as the input sources of the electrolyser because of their availability across the globe and energy independence from fossil fuels. Across these studies, scholars have widely acknowledged that the potential of hydrogen as a key element in urban energy systems, despite their approaches and focuses vary. Keywords: city; demand; energy; generation; hydrogen; model; shanghai; system; wind
• cet-14806 by None (None) - In addition, as an important driving force for social change and an important carrier of technological change, the digital economy have an important impact on industrial agglomeration areas (Yan et al., 2023). Perspectives on the Collision of Digital and Green Neng Shen, Lin Zhang* School of Economics and Management, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350108, PR China zhanglin_daniel@163.com Industrial agglomeration is an important way to affect total factor energy efficiency (TFEE), and digitalization level (DL) and green technology innovation (GTI) can help improve the effect of industrial agglomeration. Keywords: agglomeration; dia; gti; industrial; model; sia; tfee
• cet-14816 by None (None) - The calculation of dye adsorption q (mg/g) on PC and PEI-PC was performed using Eq(1). After RY2 adsorption on PEI-PC, the surface was observed roughly due to the effect of RY2 molecule, and additional elements such as sulfur and chlorine were detected (Figure 2c). Keywords: adsorption; dye; dyes; model; pei; ry2; water
• cet-14962 by None (None) - Most notably, the emergence of rebound effects presents a significant barrier that may undermine the benefits of circularity. However, this can be opposed by rebound effects. Keywords: effect; impact; model; rebound; rebound effect; system
• cet-14964 by None (None) - The model is designed to minimize uncertainties in annual operational costs, carbon emissions, and energy demand, providing an advanced optimization framework for the sustainable development of oilfield energy systems. • Demand response technology is used to adjust energy demand. Keywords: carbon; demand; emissions; energy; model; oil; optimization; systems; 𝑆𝐻𝐼𝐹𝑇; 𝑈𝑆𝐸𝑅
• cet-14973 by None (None) - Comparison between pore scale model and packed-bed scale model of (a) pressure distribution and (b) temperature distribution at uin=0.05 m/s and Tin=700 K Figure 6: Macroscopic transport parameters comparison: effective (a) permeability (b) thermal conductivity 407 4.2 Macroscopic transport parameters at different working conditions Figure 6 compares macroscopic transport parameters at different work conditions (uin=0.05~0.25 m/s and Tin=300~900 K). Macroscopic transport parameters of solid breeding blanket-packed beds in fusion reactors at different inlet velocities (0.05~0.25 m/s) and different inlet temperatures (300~900 K) are obtained. Keywords: bed; heat; model; parameters; physics; pinns; scale; transfer; transport
• cet-14975 by None (None) - The rapid development of data science and artificial intelligence provides a new solution for battery SOC estimation. Then the effectiveness of the proposed method is further verified under different test conditions, demonstrating the significance to introduce mechanism information in battery SOC estimation. Keywords: battery; circuit; current; estimation; method; model; soc; voltage
• cet-14991 by None (None) - At set conditions – same initial Pb(II) concentration, temperature, adsorbent dosage, and adsorbate solution pH – adsorption kinetics were notably faster for 1 mm adsorbate particles compared to 3 mm particles, requiring only half the time to reach equilibrium. Varied adsorbent particle sizes were tested to demonstrate the greater resistance to mass transfer presented by an increase in adsorbent particle size. Keywords: adsorbent; adsorption; kinetic; mass; model; particle; transfer
• cet-14997 by None (None) - The resulting model is used to determine changes in sector total outputs at fixed GDP for 5–20 % reduction in CO2 emissions. Sector S1 S2 S3 S4 S5 S6 S7 S8 Agriculture (S1) 0.288 0.004 0.122 0.002 0.001 0.003 0.000 0.002 Mining (S2) 0.000 0.098 0.035 0.028 0.010 0.000 0.000 0.000 Manufacturing (S3) 0.162 0.134 0.323 0.189 0.394 0.034 0.243 0.067 Electricity (S4) 0.007 0.017 0.023 0.043 0.014 0.015 0.017 0.016 Construction (S5) 0.000 0.001 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.001 0.001 0.002 Trade (S6) 0.011 0.022 0.099 0.041 0.059 0.135 0.029 0.050 Transportation (S7) 0.005 0.014 0.018 0.003 0.006 0.025 0.158 0.010 Other services (S8) 0.018 0.044 0.060 0.073 0.059 0.093 0.151 0.250 Table 2: Baseline sectoral total outputs and final demands (adapted from Philippine Statistics Authority, 2024) Sector Total output (billion PHP/y) Final demand (billion PHP/y) Agriculture (S1) 3,461 1,090 Mining (S2) 245 −223 Manufacturing (S3) 10,939 4,094 Electricity (S4) 897 260 Construction (S5) 3,008 2,969 Trade (S6) 4,668 2,066 Transportation (S7) 1,737 990 Other services (S8) 11,584 7,019 Table 3: Direct sectoral CO2 intensities (adapted from Philippine Department of Energy 2024) Keywords: basalt; carbon; cdr; co2; emissions; input; model; output; sector; weathering
• cet-15009 by None (None) - In order to compute the amount of produced biogas and, consequently, the rate of the reactions, these components pass through multiple VFA calculator blocks, including the valeric acid block and the propionic acid block, followed by the methanogenesis block. It contributes also significantly to the advancement of sustainable biogas production technologies and lays the groundwork for evaluating the economic feasibility of this process. Keywords: biogas; microalgae; model; 𝐶2𝐻4𝑂2; 𝐶3𝐻6𝑂2; 𝐶4𝐻8𝑂2; 𝐶𝑂2; 𝐻2𝑂; 𝑁𝐻3
• cet-15011 by None (None) - The highly dissipative nature of energy exchanges in ejector flows and their poor adaptability to changing operating conditions is attempted to be mitigated with innovative shapes. Unconventional topologies containing multiple inlets or intakes as well as unsteady flow ejectors today make up an active area of research (Han et. Keywords: design; ejector; entrainment; flow; function; method; model; objective; optimisation; pressure; shape; turbulence
• cet-15015 by None (None) - 655 The current work aims to cover the gap considering the dynamic and iterative nature of industrial water use, unlike traditional static models with one-time solutions. The iterative framework of the developed model facilitates multiple optimization iterations, effectively mitigating a significant challenge inherent in water integration: the fixed characteristics of processed water flows. Keywords: concentration; contaminant; flow; industrial; model; unit; wastewater; water; 𝐹𝑖𝑛
• cet-15040 by None (None) - 2.1 Applied solvers HEC-RAS provides different 2D methods for flow simulation. The results were compared based on the following key aspects: - Analysis of flow behavior, including accurately representing eddy movements and comparing flow time series derived from overland flow simulations. Keywords: channel; figure; flow; model; obstructions; overland; simulation; volume; water
• cet-15043 by None (None) - To achieve this goal, this paper utilizes numerical simulations of welding processes based on experimental tests, with a specific focus on analyzing temperatures generated within the structures. Similarly, studies by Deng et al. (2007) and Zhao et al. (2018) have utilized Finite Element Analysis (FEA) to simulate welding processes, focusing on inherent strain theory and the design of welding structures. Keywords: analysis; concrete; element; heat; model; simulation; steel; temperature; welding
• cet-15048 by None (None) - The vector of gear unit parameters: p = Table 2: Setting parameters to perform the sensitivity test working points 1 2 3 4 5 6 Mw, Nm 15.02 17.84 22.46 28.96 37.27 47.52 nw, rpm 104.23 208.46 312.7 416.93 521.16 625.93 t, s 300 300 300 300 700 300 Vector of gear unit parameter p = Keywords: friction; gear; lubrication; model; oil; tooth; unit; viscosity
• cet-15052 by None (None) - The system is ideal for collecting vehicle data and transmitting it wirelessly, despite potential obstructions from track buildings. The software handles data from both the vehicle and weather station, processing vehicle data at up to 5 Hz and wind data at 1 Hz. Keywords: consumption; data; driving; energy; model; optimization; speed; strategy; system; telemetry; time; vehicle
• cet-15062 by None (None) - The sales prices of NIO batteries only account for approximately 27 % of the total vehicle purchase price (in the case of a vehicle equipped with a 100 kWh battery), while under the most favorable configuration, the 75 kWh energy storage system represents only 20-24 % of the total vehicle sales price. Figure 1: The sales prices of selected Tesla & NIO models, and the battery prices derived from the sales prices, Tesla data: (Manansala, 2023; Tesla Model S, 2015; Senn-Kalb and Mehta, 2022; ©2024 EV Database, 2024a; ©2024 EV Database, 2024b; Lu, 2023; Team skills.ai, 2024); NIO data: (NIO ET5, 2023; Zhang, 2024) Keywords: battery; data; market; model; nio; report; sales; tesla; vehicle
• cet-15066 by None (None) - As a result, a model with high accuracy was built, which could be used for fake news classification in social media posts related to the environmental field. In addition, the model can be used to build an early warning monitoring system that continuously monitors potential environmental fake news on social media, which environmental officers can evaluate and refute in the appropriate forums if alarmed. Keywords: data; doi; engineering; fake; intelligence; learning; media; model; news; research; text
• cet-15076 by None (None) - Multi-level regression analysis, incorporating first- and second-order polynomials, was used to predict flood peaks at this outflow. Confidence and prediction intervals confirmed the model's accuracy, predicting flood peaks within ±10 m3/s, offering a reliable, less complex alternative to traditional models. Keywords: data; events; flood; flows; model; mórichida; peak; regression; river; variables
• cet-15077 by None (None) - The results underscore the advantages of integrating strategic infrastructural enhancements in stormwater systems. Traditional urban stormwater management has primarily relied on grey infrastructure, which includes expanding drainage networks and enlarging drainage pipes to transport water quickly away from urban areas. Keywords: flooding; flow; infiltration; management; model; nbs; peak; stormwater; system; urban; water
• cet-15112 by None (None) - 2.3 Optimisation of GRU models The GRU were developed using Python version 3.7.7, TensorFlow 1.14.0, and Keras 2.3.1. Rapid detection and location of leak sources are crucial for timely corrective maintenance, mitigating the most hazardous situations. Keywords: cfd; gru; leak; leakage; model; networks; recurrent; simulations; source; training; wind
• cet-15117 by None (None) - 6.2 Surrogate fitness for Q9 volume predictions We plotted the probabilities of exceedance for Q9 volumes, as predicted by the surrogate and by CFD in Figure 4. Surrogate predictions: distribution of max Q9 volume (left); probability of Q9 volume exceedance (right). Keywords: cfd; distribution; gaussian; model; predictions; simulations; surrogate
• cet-15136 by None (None) - Figure 2: System Dynamics model for dynamic hydrogen risk assessment 3.3 Holistic dynamic hydrogen risk assessment (Stage 3) Escalation event rates are defined for both direct and delayed ignition pathways, further highlighting the risks of failure propagation through interconnected systems. Keywords: escalation; failure; hydrogen; model; risk; safety; systems; vessel
• cet-15138 by None (None) - Vertical jet releases in a crossflow show enhanced mixing when the vertical jet is bent over due to the presence of the atmospheric boundary layer. Therefore, also the development of these main lateral vortices is taken into account in the dispersion modelling for vertical jet releases. Keywords: concentration; cross; data; flow; jet; maximum; model; release; trajectory
• cet-15359 by None (None) - The paper demonstrates TRAM-R2's application through case studies, highlighting its potential for quantitative risk assessment in railway tunnels, facilitating comparison with regulatory criteria. Stakeholders have intensified safety scrutiny, leading to the formulation of new standards and recommendations (2008/163/EC, in Italy D.M. 2005/10/28 on Safety in railway tunnels). Keywords: accidental; analysis; fire; model; railway; risk; tram; tunnel
• cet-15385 by None (None) - Such phenomenon, which can occur from close interactions between charged particles or from an external electric field, has important implications. Accurate modelling of these interactions requires a more rigorous approach to charge distributions on particle surfaces, addressing local inhomogeneities with advanced mathematical methods. Keywords: charge; dipole; force; interactions; model; particles; range
• cet-15388 by None (None) - 3. Experimental Procedure The separation procedure involved introducing approximately 0.100 g of blister material into 10.0 mL of an acidic solution. The process included a 300 mL semi-batch reactor loaded with Solution 2, to which eight batches of 6.3 g of blister material were added. Keywords: aluminum; blisters; model; pharmaceutical; pvc; reaction; separation; waste
• cet-15396 by None (None) - The objective of this stage is to obtain the macroscopic conditions for each tray (flows, temperature, 873 concentrations, equilibrium ratio), these will be used to set up the boundary and initial conditions in CFD simulations. Values of boundary conditions for CFD simulation at selected HIDiC stages. Keywords: cfd; heat; hidic; liquid; mass; model; phase; simulation; transfer
• cet-15406 by None (None) - Materials and Methods This section is intended to describe the materials used as well as the methodology for preparing the yerba mate extract, phenolic adsorption and data processing, summarized in Figure 1. This concentrated extract can then be used for further analysis or adsorption studies. Keywords: adsorption; compounds; mate; model; pfo; pso; yerba; 𝑆𝐿𝑅
• cet-15420 by None (None) - When combined with a Genetic Algorithm, this methodology successfully generated chemical structures meeting specified property targets. Six cases were investigated to generate chemical compounds with target boiling points of 200–205 K, 250–255 K, 300–305 K, 350–355 K, 400–405 K, and 450–455 K. Table 2 presents the results, including the target boiling temperature, the SMILES structure of the generated compounds, the predicted boiling temperature, the number of iterations utilized, and the deviation from the target values. Keywords: algorithm; boiling; chemical; compounds; model; properties; target
• cet-15421 by None (None) - This critical step helps maintain property prediction consistency across original and generated molecular data. This study presents a novel approach to enhancing molecular property prediction through variational autoencoder (VAE)-assisted data augmentation in low-data regimes. Keywords: chemical; data; datasets; esol; model; molecules; training; vae
• cet-15422 by None (None) - Unit Maximum time until the first turnaround, Lu, months Group for turnarounds Unit Maximum time until the first turnaround, Lu, months Group for turnarounds Unit Maximum time until the first turnaround, Lu, months Group for turnarounds DST1 62 1 FCC 50 1 DST2 17 2 CKU1 62 1 HNK 34 I CKU2 17 2 HDT2 62 1 URC 34 I HDT1 17 2 This study analyzed six scenarios to optimize refinery maintenance planning by varying the intervals between major shutdowns and the campaign times of the Catalytic Cracking Unit (FCC). Refineries are complex networks of integrated process units, and maintenance turnarounds, involving temporary shutdowns for inspection and repair, can significantly disrupt production and reduce revenues. Keywords: maintenance; model; planning; turnaround; unit; year
• cet-15423 by None (None) - Figure 1 Compressor system configuration; a) Large discharge volume b) Compressors in series In addition, uncertainties in the detection of flow conditions, transients in the flow rate, the occurrence of secondary flows, high-frequency pressure fluctuations, delays, shall be considered too. Keywords: bakken; compressor; conditions; figure; flow; model; operating; performance; surge; system; test
• cet-15425 by None (None) - The authors would like to acknowledge the financial support from the Ministry of Science, Technology, and Innovation of Colombia for the project Development of a computational tool and renewable energy technologies for energy transition in high mountain areas post-pandemic CD 82605 CT ICETEX 2022-0644. Alhashedi et al. (2023) proposed a MILP optimisation model to integrate renewable energy into the power grids of Dhahran, Saudi Arabia, and Austin, USA. Keywords: biomass; capacity; colombia; electricity; emissions; energy; model; plants; system
• cet-15428 by None (None) - Based on this conceptual diagram, PFR model was applied to the gas flow and liquid flow, respectively, and further, the incorporation of a gas-liquid mass transfer term into the PFR models was considered. These characteristics of two-phase slug flow can bring benefits to reaction system design and operation. Keywords: channel; design; flow; gas; liquid; mass; model; reaction; slug; study; transfer
• cet-15432 by None (None) - Process description of direct DMC synthesis This study focuses exclusively on the kinetics of direct methanol synthesis, with other reaction rates intentionally excluded to maintain this focus. 2.1 Catalysts Catalysts play a critical role in addressing the challenges of direct DMC synthesis from methanol and CO₂. Among them, metal oxides such as zirconia (ZrO₂) and ceria (CeO₂) are widely used due to their bifunctionality based on their acidic and basic surface sites. Keywords: carbonate; chemical; dimethyl; dmc; methanol; mixture; model; reaction; synthesis; values
• cet-15451 by None (None) - With a design matrix from RSM-CCD, input and output data necessary to construct the technique and ANN models were gathered using a four-level design of experiments. Error function ANN RSM Marquart’s percent standard deviation (MPSD) 0.0001 0.0532 Chi-square test (𝜒2) 0.0017 0.0411 Root mean square error (RMSE) Keywords: adsorption; ann; chitosan; model; removal; rsm; surface
• cet-15614 by None (None) - Evgeniia Tauberta*, Tomaso Vairoa, Andrea P. Reverberib, Margherita Pettinatoa, Bruno Fabianoa a DICCA - Civil, Chemical and Environmental Engineering Dept., Genoa University, via Opera Pia 15, 16145, Genoa, Italy b DCCI - Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, Genoa University, via Dodecaneso 31, 16146, Genoa, Italy taueugen11@gmail.com Assessing risks and resilience in safety management systems—especially in Seveso-classified industrial environments—requires a comprehensive evaluation of human factors, near-misses, and accidents, as well as the causal relationships between system components. Unsafe working conditions Possible risk of overloading the underground tank due to the recirculation of diesel fuel. Keywords: complaints; conditions; data; equipment; infrastructure; lack; language; model; resilience; risk; safety; system; training; working
• cet-15617 by None (None) - Dispersion stability was assessed via polydispersity index (PI) measurements, with a stability threshold defined at PI < 0.5. Statistical analysis using ANOVA confirmed the significant impact of all three factors (p < 0.05), with sonication time and concentration exerting the strongest effects on dispersion stability (F = 69.156 and 67.561, respectively). Keywords: concentration; dispersion; gnrs; graphene; model; stability; time
• cet-15624 by None (None) - Figure 3. GP1 model predictions after Iteration 3 showing methane conversion as a function of FIM score. The hybrid framework makes use of two synergistic GP models: i) a first GP (GP1) to map FIM scores to methane conversion prioritizing informative experiments; ii) a second GP (GP2) inversely links reactor conditions to FIM scores, enabling an inverse design strategy to translate optimal FIM targets into actionable operating conditions. Keywords: conditions; conversion; design; experiments; fim; gp1; gp2; methane; model; reactor; scores
• cet-15631 by None (None) - To tackle this issue, numerous energy system models have been introduced to capture the intermittency of variable renewable energy in energy planning. ISBN 979-12-81206-21-2; ISSN 2283-9216 Optimising Energy Transitions: Assessing Renewable Energy Integrations with Grid Limitations Xin Hui Chenga, Dhana Raj Markandub, Bing Shen Howa, Viknesh Andiappana,* a Research Centre for Sustainable Technologies, Faculty of Engineering, Computing and Science, Swinburne University of Technology Sarawak, Jalan Simpang Tiga, 93350 Kuching, Sarawak, Malaysia b Institute of Strategic and International Studies Malaysia, Persiaran Sultan Salahuddin, 50480 Kuala Lumpur, Wilayah Persekutuan Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia vmurugappan@swinburne.edu.my Achieving high shares of renewable energy requires not only policy ambition but also adequate grid infrastructure to support the intermittency of variable renewable energy generation. Keywords: capacity; energy; enhancement; generation; grid; malaysia; model; planning; solar; system
• cet-15642 by None (None) - This study develops a deterministic optimization model to integrate solar energy into mining systems, aiming to maximize profitability while enhancing renewable energy utilization. Solar energy can be directly used for mining operations, stored in batteries for future use, or sold to the grid, while electricity from the grid supplements mining needs when necessary. Keywords: capital; cryptocurrency; electricity; energy; grid; investment; machine; mining; model; solar
• cet-15648 by None (None) - Compared to Tan et al. (2010), which did not account for long-term RE reductions, this model offers a more robust strategy for retrofitting power plants with flexible CO2 capture options. Flexible CO2 capture involves the adjustment of the operating capacity of CO2 capture plant in response to the changing demand in energy (Gibbins and Crane, 2004). Keywords: capture; co2; energy; model; plants; power; region
• cet-15650 by None (None) - In this work, we develop a bi-level mathematical program to model how government can use economic incentives to induce industry to select portfolios that favor durable CDR. Stackelberg or leader-follower games can be used to develop more effective government policies to induce greater use of durable CDR in industry. Keywords: carbon; cdr; cost; durable; emissions; government; industry; model; removal
• cet-15652 by None (None) - Table 1: Overview of SWAT, WEAP, VIC, and WEPP Hydrological Models Soil and Water Assessment Tool Water Evaluation and Planning System Variable Infiltration Capacity Water Erosion Prediction Project Purpose/ Objective To evaluate the impacts of land management practices on water resources within watersheds To stimulate water resource systems To facilitate water and energy balance in land surface areas on a macro scale To predict and simulate water runoff, soil erosion, and sediment movement Components/Parameters Physical characteristics of watersheds Water supply and demand sites, physical characteristics of watersheds Soil and hydrologic parameters Soil and hydrologic parameters Focus Simulating long-term hydrological responses to various environmental conditions and management strategies Allows for the modelling of water supply and demand sites, and the interactions between them Assesses water resources and project groundwater conditions by simulating water and energy balances Provides insights into how sediment moves through landscapes under various conditions. The use of hydrological models can offer stakeholders valuable information such as water hydrology, assess future scenarios in water systems, and guide strategic water allocation and conservation. Keywords: demand; erosion; hydrological; management; model; philippines; soil; study; supply; swat; vic; water; watershed; weap
• cet-15655 by None (None) - 179 Figure 4: PIV results for different nozzle cases at 180 s (upper) and 600 s (lower) 4. Temperature data for modeling were obtained from measurements in a vessel. Keywords: data; model; nozzle; reference; sensor; temperature
• cet-15658 by None (None) - References Aminlou A., Hayati M., Zare K., 2024, ADMM-based fully decentralised Peer to Peer energy trading considering a shared CAES in a local community. In the operational layer, energy trading takes place. Keywords: admm; cost; electricity; energy; model; network; p2p; peer; scheme; trading; 𝑃𝑖,𝑡
• cet-15673 by None (None) - This combined approach is crucial for bridging current knowledge gaps and enhancing the predictive understanding of paper dust gasification under varied operational conditions. The paper and paperboard industry generates substantial quantities of paper dust, an underutilized byproduct typically disposed of through incineration or landfilling, leading to environmental and economic inefficiencies. Keywords: dust; experimental; flow; gasification; model; paper; syngas
• cet-15689 by None (None) - The second case study considers industrial decarbonization in Poland. Many optimization models have been proposed to support industrial decarbonization decisions (Tan et al., 2025). Keywords: cdr; cost; decarbonization; emissions; model; period; plant; retrofit
• cet-15717 by None (None) - A parametric analysis is performed to investigate the effects of various material properties and bypass air heat transfer coefficients on overall thermal efficiency. Chapman et al. (2020) discussed the development of thermal management systems for electrified aircraft, addressing the challenges posed by increased thermal loads. Keywords: bypass; cooling; engine; fdp; free; heat; management; model; piston
• cet-15732 by None (None) - The calibrated model was used to simulate groundwater dynamics over 4 y (March 2020 – March 2024), highlighting spatial and temporal variations in groundwater levels in response to rainfall. A clear and consistent seasonal fluctuation in groundwater levels was observed throughout the simulation. Keywords: basin; data; groundwater; model; modflow; rainfall; recharge; wells
• cet-15747 by None (None) - 2.4 Simulation and Performance Evaluation Using Fuzzy Logic Simulation models are essential tools for evaluating warehouse system performance, as they allow for testing various layouts, rules, and scenarios without the risk or cost of real-world disruptions. Figure 1: Goods in warehouse model (a) Bar chart illustrating the Pareto principle; (b) Visualization of a randomly generated layout for the 3-deep warehouse configuration 3.2 Warehouse Layout Keywords: handling; item; layout; model; simulation; storage; strategy; systems; warehouse
• Modelling and Simulation of a Bubble Column Photobioreactor for the Cultivation of Microalgae Nannochloropsis Salina by Muharam, Y.; Pramadana, A.B.; Wirya, A.S. (2017) - It appears that the higher CO2 concentration gives higher microalgae concentration. Pegallapati and Nirmalakhandan (2012) developed a macroscopic model for microalgae growth in a bubble column photobioreactor with CO2-transport between phases. Keywords: co2; concentration; gas; growth; microalgae; model; photobioreactor; rate
• Batch Fermentation of Bioethanol from the Residues of Elaeis Guineensis: Optimisation using Response Surface Methodology by Samsudin, M.D.M.; Don, M.M.; Ibrahim, N.; Kasmani, R.M.; Zakaria, Z.; Kamarudin, K.S. (2017) - To obtain the optimum ratio of OPT sap to POME, inoculum size, initial pH, and incubation time for maximum bioethanol yield, response surface methodology (RSM) via face centred central composite design (FCCCD) was employed. The experimental data for glucose consumption, bioethanol yield, and biomass growth were fitted to polynomial equations and analysed. Keywords: bioethanol; incubation; inoculum; model; oil; opt; pome; sap; time; yield
• cet-205 by None (None) - It is based on fruit fly optimization algorithm (FOA) by introducing multi-strategies modified searching weights and linear modified optimal fruit fly weight, and then combining it with support vector regression (SVR). Thus, the framework of MWMSFOA-SVR model construction is firstly using FOA-SVR to obtain the optimal parameter, and then integrating with multi-strategies to introduce modified searching weights and linear modified optimal fruit fly weight. Keywords: algorithm; fly; foa; fruit; model; optimization; regression; svr
• cet-210 by None (None) - In this paper district heating is considered, since significant fluctuations in heat demand may occur there. Heat demand was modelled using data from the previous section. Keywords: demand; heat; model; plant; time; waste; wtep
• Validation of a Numerical Model of Smoke Propagation in a Semi-Enclosed Space by Malik, A.; Rojas-Solorzano, L. (2017) - Obtained numerical model serves as a guideline tool capable of reproducing propagation of smoke in semi-enclosed spaces within minimal uncertainty than can be used in further studies as a predicting tool for engineering purposes. Lin, C.J. and Chuah, Y.K., 2008, A study on long tunnel smoke extraction strategies by numerical simulation. Keywords: air; efficiency; fire; model; numerical; smoke; species; study; tunnel
• Sensibility Analyses on Morphological Parameters of Cellulose Acetate - Graphene Oxide Nanocomposites using a Periodic 3D-FEM Model by Naddeo, F.; Baldino, L.; Cardea, S.; Naddeo, A.; Reverchon, E. (2017) - Figure 2: PRVE FE model (micrometric structural level): a) Top view; b) 3D view. Figure 4: FE model: a) polymer matrix and corrugated GO sheets; b) isolated corrugated GO sheets; c) corrugation angle. Keywords: model; modeling; modulus; nanocomposite; prve; sheets; young
• Teaching Multivariable Model Predictive Control in a Laboratory Scale Three-Tank Process by Ramos, V.S.; Sena, H.J.; Fileti, A.M.F.; Silva, F.V. (2017) - These controllers have a high popularity in the academy and in the industry because they provide high performance control systems without requiring interventions of operators for many hours. However, the most of industrial applications in chemical processes use ordinary feedback control systems (PID controller), which are single input single output systems (SISO) and exhibit linear actuation. Keywords: control; controller; figure; model; point; set; system
• Electromagnetic Model for Determining the Speed of Absorptive Photonic in a Solar Collector in V (V-Collector) by Ramos, G.; Velasquez, P.; Acevedo, P.; Santis, A.; Rincon, J.; Lopez, A. (2017) - Where �⃗� = (𝑥, 𝑦, 𝑧), ℎ⃗⃗ = (ℎ1, ℎ2, ℎ3) and 𝐽𝑧𝑈(�⃗�) is the Jacobian of 𝑈 at the point �⃗�. This approach DOI: 10.3303/CET1757269 Please cite this article as: Ramos G., Velasquez P., Acevedo P., Santis A., Rincon J., Lopez A., 2017, Electromagnetic model for determining the speed of absorptive photonic in a solar collector in v (v-collector), Chemical Engineering Transactions, 57, 1609-1614 DOI: 10.3303/CET1757269 1609 is based on the directional dispersion in three axes, combined with the technique based on the ray-tracing for modeling of the incident radiation. Keywords: electromagnetic; flux; medium; model; suspension; 𝑈( �
• cet-2442 by None (None) - Figure 6: Distribution of char gasification reaction rate velocity with operating conditions (A): S/A = 0; (B): S/A = 0.25; (C): S/A = 0.5; (D): S/A = 0.75 (a) (b) 227 In Figure 6, the reaction rate of char gasification in the case of more steam had taken place intensively. Figure 7: Distribution of water gas shift reaction rate with operating conditions (A): S/A = 0; (B): S/A = 0.25; (C): S/A = 0.5; (D): S/A = 0.75 Similarly, in the computational results, the water gas shift reaction rate had taken place severely in the case where the steam and air ratio were 0.75. Keywords: gas; gasification; model; reaction; steam
• Development of a Semi-Theoretical Light Radiation and Photosynthetic Growth Model for the Optimal Exploitation of Wastewaters by Microalgae by Mazzelli, A.; Cicci, A.; Sed, G.; Bravi, M. (2018) - The results showed above confirmed the hypothesis made for a synthetic medium with an inert dye ( ≅ 1), giving also positive response for using wastewaters in addition to growth medium. It should be noted that this conclusion cannot be drawn upon the raw measured specific growth 689 rates only, which exhibit a continuous decrease of specific growth rate when the wastewater volume fraction in the formulated media is increased. Keywords: growth; light; medium; model; wastewaters
• Design of a Circulating Fluidized Bed Combustor for Lignin- Rich Residue Derived From Second-Generation Bioethanol Production Plant by Dell Orco, S.; Rizzo, A.M.; Buffi, M.; Chiaramonti, D. (2018) - Development of fluidized bed combustion-An overview of trends, performance and cost. Hence, the optimization of combustion systems, in particular the use of fluidized bed combustion technologies, can make the energy recovery much more efficient, mitigating technical problems related to the physico-chemical characteristics of lignin (Solimene et al., 2016b). Keywords: air; bed; cfb; combustion; design; lignin; mass; model; riser; solid
• Modeling the Growth of Clostridium beijerinckii NCIMB 8052 on Lignocellulosic Sugars by Birgen, C.; Markussen, S.; Wentzel, A.; Preisig, H.A.; Wittgens, B. (2018) - We fitted growth models with different types of interactions to the growth rate data obtained with varying sugar concentrations. Table 2: Fit results for binary substrate growth models. Keywords: glucose; growth; growth rate; ksx; model; rate; substrate; sugars; xylose
• Autohydrolysis of Sugarcane Bagasse and Empty Fruit Bunch from Oil Palm: Kinetics Model and Analysis of Xylo- Oligosaccharides Yield by Acosta Fernandez, R.A.; Viviescas, P.; Sandoval, M.; Nabarlatz, D. (2018) - In this work, Xylo- oligosaccharides production was studied by autohydrolysis reaction in micro-reactors (50 mL). 2.3 Analytical Methods A sample of 2 mL of the liquid phase obtained after autohydrolysis reaction was filtered through a 0.22-µm syringe filter and analysed by HPLC to measure the amounts of monosaccharides and furfural. Keywords: autohydrolysis; efbop; hemicellulose; model; reaction; scb; wt.%
• Application of Bayesian Belief Network for the Analysis of Accident Data in the Bioenergy Manufacturing Sector by Rehman, A.; Seay, J.; Badurdeen, F. (2018) - As amply reported, the in-depth technical analysis of case histories can improve our understanding of the hazards related to novel and consolidated processes or activities, forcing operators to take appropriate risk preventive and mitigating measures (Vairo et al., 2017).Taking into account that the concept of risk analysis is intimately linked with the idea of uncertainty, statistical analysis appears to be an instrument of primary relevance for the optimal choice of the strategy. This research explores the outcome of coupling Bayesian theory within risk analysis in practice. Keywords: analysis; bayesian; data; failure; model; probability; risk
• A Novel Reaction Kinetics Model for Estimating the Carbon Content into Hydrothermal Carbonization Products by Lucian, M.; Piro, G.; Fiori, L. (2018) - Figure 1: The lumped model used to describe HTC reaction paths In details, the first reaction step (Reaction 1, BiomassLiquid) represents the hydrolysis and dissolution processes through which the biomass components are partially degraded into oligomers and monomers deriving from hemicellulose and cellulose (Funke et al. 2010). The kinetics model, developed in MATLABTM, was used in a best fitting routine with HTC experimental data obtained for a representative ligno-cellulosic biomass (grape marc) and it is easily applicable to any kinds of feedstock. Keywords: carbon; htc; kinetics; model; reaction
• Response Surface Methodologies to Investigate the Pretreatment of Sugarcane Bagasse via Alkaline Hydrogen Peroxide by Valim, I.C.; Rego, A.S.C.; Vieira, A.A.S.; Vilani, C.; Martins, A.R.F.A.; Santos, B. (2018) - The lignocellulosic biomass was homogenized in an electric crusher in order to reduce particle size, fragmented into small fine particles and stored in a dessicator with no moisture for later use in the delignification experiments with H2O2 pretreatment. The interaction between the temperature and H2O2 concentration variables can be understood and localized using the response surface plane. Keywords: biomass; content; h2o2; lignin; model; pretreatment; temperature
• Development of a Differential Grape Harvesting Methodology by Best, S.; Leon, L.; Quintana, R. (2015) - At present, it is proposed to solve the implementation of emerging technologies associated to precision viticulture for the development and management, moreover, the current procedures which are used for the study in the definition of quality areas, suffer from own replicable protocols, which we start to testing in others vineyard to validate the result of this study under different productive conditions. As well, to carry out the definition of quality of grapes, we use the index of Ferari Index evaluations (highly correlated to anthocyanins), with multiplex equipment (MULTIPLEX RESEARCH, FORCE-A) for the definition of quality areas. Keywords: areas; definition; grapes; index; information; model; quality; soil
• Thermal Process Safety Based on Reaction Kinetics and Reactor Dynamics by Guinand, Charles; Dabros, Michal; Roduit, Bertrand; Meyer, Thierry; Stoessel, Francis (2016) - Willson R. J., Beezer A. E., 2003, A mathematical approach for the calculation of reaction order for common solution phase reactions, Thermochim. 2 A B C D C E C E E + → + → + → (1) (2) (3) Figure 2: Reaction scheme describing the kinetic behaviour of a synthesis reaction followed by an autocatalytic decomposition. Keywords: figure; heat; model; reaction; reactor; safety; set; temperature
• A Few Fundamental Aspects Related to the Modelling of an Accidental Massive Jet Release of Nanoparticles by Le Hong, Duc; Lacome, Jean-Marc; Vignes, Alexis; Debray, Bruno; Truchot, Benjamin; Fede, Pascal; Climent, Eric (2016) - Due to computer limitations, Elghobashi (1993) classified the influence between particles phase and fluid turbulence depending on the volume fraction of particulate phase. Those classical phenomena, presented in Figure 1, influence strongly the agglomeration and increase the complexity of modelling NP jets. Keywords: agglomeration; approach; brownian; field; model; motion; particle; phase; release
• Modelling of Stably-Stratified Atmospheric Boundary Layers with Commercial CFD Software for Use in Risk Assessment by Batt, Rachel; Gant, Simon; Lacome, Jean-Marc; Truchot, Benjamin (2016) - This approach is well-suited to CFD models using the Boussinesq approximation, where buoyancy forces are expressed in terms of a vertical temperature gradient rather than a density gradient. Usually, CFD models require the node within near-wall cell to be placed at a height greater than ks. Keywords: a&m; abl; boundary; cfd; inlet; model; profiles; turbulence; velocity
• Modelling Small-scale Flashing Propane Jets by Coldrick, Simon (2016) - Introduction In assessing the consequences of a release of a pressure liquefied gas, flashing jet models are often used to provide the input, or source term, for vapour dispersion calculations. A number of flashing jet models have been developed and these range from simple expressions, through integral (whole jet) models to Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulations. Keywords: cfd; dispersion; flashing; jet; liquid; model; modelling; phase; temperature
• Atmospheric Powder Dispersion in an Urban Area by Lauret, Pierre; Perrin, Marcia; Aprin, Laurent; Heymes, Frederic; Forestier, Serge; Slangen, Pierre; Pey, Alexis (2016) - Normalized Mean Square Error reach a value of 1.4 which is under the recommendation of Hanna and Chang (2012) for urban dispersion models. Acceptance criteria for urban dispersion model evaluation. Keywords: ann; concentrations; data; dispersion; mean; model; networks; set; training; values
• Pool Evaporation at Higher Vapour Pressures by Habib, Abdelkarim; Schalau, Bernd (2016) - The experimental results also confirmed that the logarithmic formulation of the pressure term always leads to conservative but, at higher vapour pressures, unrealistic high values, whilst the linear formulation underestimates the mass flow for high vapour pressures. As the results of both models can be seen as the upper and lower limit of the mass flows calculated by evaporation models, they are chosen for further investigations. Keywords: evaporation; mass; model; pressure; temperature; vapour
• Atmospheric Transport Models for Hazardous Releases: Variability and Uncertainties – Findings of COST Action ES1006 and Operational Experiences by Baumann-Stanzer, Kathrin; Trini Castelli, Silvia; Leitl, Bernd; Skomorowski, Paul; Polreich, Erwin; Carny, Peter (2016) - Which variability in model results can be expected in emergency cases depending on the atmospheric transport model used? This is exemplified and discussed based on a model comparison study using the model systems TAMOS, RODOS and ESTE: comparisons of model results based on the same meteorological forecasts under various weather conditions and for different release scenarios. Keywords: cost; emergency; model; modelling; releases; response; results; type
• Runaway Problems in Unsteady State Tubular Reactors by Copelli, S.; Croci, S.; Fumagalli, A.; Derudi, M.; Rota, R.; Barozzi, M. (2016) - Throughout the scientific literature, the thermal behavior of these reactors have been always characterized referring to steady state operating conditions neglecting axial diffusivities (some models took into account radial diffusivities). The aim of this work has been to compare runaway boundaries obtained for steady state conventional operations of PFRs with that obtained under unsteady state operating conditions considering axial diffusivities. Keywords: boundary; conditions; inlet; model; pressure; reactor; runaway; state
• cet-3733 by None (None) - The use of heat exchangers in gas turbines for exhaust gas waste heat recovery can strongly contribute in this direction since it can lead to significant improvement of gas turbine performance and reduction of fuel consumption and pollutant emissions. In the last 15 years, various research activities DOI: 10.3303/CET1652087 Please cite this article as: Salpingidou C., Misirlis D., Vlahostergios Z., Flourous M., Donnerhack S., Yakinthos K., 2016, Numerical modeling of heat exchangers in gas turbines using cfd computations and thermodynamic cycle analysis tools, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 52, 517-522 DOI:10.3303/CET1652087 517 targeting the performance optimization of gas turbines with a particular interest in aero engine applications have taken place within the framework of major research projects funded by European Union in close collaboration with the main European aero engine manufacturers, Universities and Research Institutes. Keywords: aero; cfd; cycle; engine; exchanger; gas; heat; model; pressure
• On Flow Regime Inside Plain-Orifice Nozzle by Tan, X.; Yang, Q.; Li, J.; Bi, R.; Zheng, S. (2017) - 3.5 Validation of the judgment model Table 3 shows comparisons of measured by literature, calculated by empirical models (FLUENT V6.3 Documentation, 2003) and the new model data, where the case of occurring hydraulic flip is represented as Y and the case of not occurring hydraulic flip is represented as N. References Ahn K., Kim J., Yoon Y., 2006, Effects of orifice internal flow on transverse injection into subsonic crossflows: cavitation and hydraulic flip, Atomization and Sprays, 16, 15-34. Keywords: flip; flow; model; nozzle
• The Research of Control Method of Greenhouse Based on Global Variable Prediction Model by Cheng, M.; Yuan, H.B.; Zhang, M.; Cheng, M. (2016) - The value of greenhouse environment control model as the basis for the prediction model, can control the greenhouse environment is in the best state of crop growth environment, illustrate the effectiveness of the method. Ghoumari M.Y.El., Tantau H.J., and Serrano J., 2005, “Nonlinear constrained MPC: real-time implementation of greenhouse air temperature control,” Comput. Keywords: control; data; environment; greenhouse; humidity; model; prediction; system; temperature; value
• A Project Cost Forecasting Method Based on Grey System Theory by Zhao, J.D. (2016) - Due to the system by the noise pollution, so the original data sequence showing a Diasporas, the Diasporas series is also a grey sequence, or gray process, the grey process model has become grey model. In view of the traditional forecasting methods of project cost, there are some limitations and uncertainties. Keywords: cost; grey; model; prediction; project;  
• Application Research of BIM Technology in Computer Aided Design of Building Foundation by Tian, Y.Z.; Yue, H. (2016) - Example of applying BIM technology in foundation pit design 4.1 Project review The project of Changsha Zhongqing Square Center is located in Changsha Peace Avenue. In addition, the models and information will be used in the full DOI: 10.3303/CET1651072 Please cite this article as: Tian Y.Z., Yue H., 2016, Application research of bim technology in computer aided design of building foundation, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 51, 427-432 DOI:10.3303/CET1651072 427 building life cycle which includes construction engineering design, construction management, operation management, etc (Adamu et al., 2015). Keywords: bim; building; construction; design; foundation; model; pit; technology
• Competitive Reaction Modelling in Aqueous Systems: the Case of Contemporary Reduction of Dichromates and Nitrates by nZVI by Vilardi, G.; Di Palma, L.; Verdone, N. (2017) - 178 Figure 3: competitive model results of nitrates reduction fixing the initial Cr(VI) concentration to 1.8 mM. Table 1: kinetic parameters obtained by model data fitting (Unit of measure defined in the text). The purpose of this work consists in the development of a simple competitive model capable of predicting the nZVI-p consumption taking into account the initial concentration of the chemical species and the theoretical stoichiometry of the parallel reactions (competitive reduction of nitrates and Cr(VI) by nZVI-p). Keywords: cr(vi; model; nzvi; palma; reduction
• cet-4444 by None (None) - Rigorous simulations of refrigeration cycles are carried out with the following assumptions: 1. Case 2: Prediction power requirement in cascaded refrigeration cycle This case compares the total shaft work prediction by the shortcut model with the shaft work calculated using HYSYS and with the published data of Branan (2005) when there is a large temperature difference between refrigerant condensing and evaporation. Keywords: cycle; heat; model; power; refrigeration; temperature
• cet-4654 by None (None) - At high drying temperature, the turbidity removal decreased. Similarly, the viscosity was low at high drying temperature. Keywords: coagulant; extraction; model; removal; response; temperature; turbidity; value; viscosity
• cet-4756 by None (None) - Namely, although addressing climate change is a global challenge, national responsibilities should be differentiated, with developed countries having a heavier burden in both reducing emissions and providing resources for adaptation measures with respect to developing countries. As a mere example, developing countries are now responsible for more than a half of global GHG emissions (Klemeš and Varbanov, 2013) and they are now asked for actively participating to abatement actions by developed countries. Keywords: carbon; climate; costs; countries; energy; gcf; gtap; model; policy; ppm; target
• cet-4759 by None (None) - A final section studies the implications other models would have in LCA impact assessment models, and propose some open threads that should be addressed in future research. 137 The slope factors for SAR and EAR are significantly different (Storch et al., 2012), but it is also thus far unknown if the two approaches provide different relative distributions of LCA characterization factors on a pixel-per-pixel basis. Keywords: area; assessment; biodiversity; impact; land; lca; model; richness; sar; species; use
• cet-4973 by None (None) - They do this using linguistic DOI: 10.3303/CET1543206 Please cite this article as: Djapan M., Macuzic I., Tadic D., Jeremic B., 2015, Influence of hot factors on risk assessment level based on fuzzy set theory, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 43, 1231-1236 DOI: 10.3303/CET1543206 1231 expressions, which reflects the human way of thinking. Introduction Nowadays, risk management and risk assessment have become very popular and much used terms. Keywords: assessment; factors; importance; level; model; risk; safety; sub; value
• cet-4974 by None (None) - Sequential, Epidemiological, Systematic and Dynamic Sequential Models (DSAMs) are main classes of accident models as reported by the Al-Shanini et al (2014), and illustrated in the Figure 1. DOI: 10.3303/CET1543207 Please cite this article as: Ahmad M., Pontiggia M., 2015, Modified swiss cheese model to analyse the accidents, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 43, 1237-1242 DOI: 10.3303/CET1543207 1237 Figure 1: Accident model classification 2. Keywords: accident; cheese; errors; human; manual; model; safety
• cet-513 by None (None) - The relationship between bacterial growth and butyric acid degradation were investigated. The growth of and butyric acid degradation by Serratia marcescen was conducted at 30 oC, pH 7 and agitation rate of 110 rpm for incubation period of 24 h. Keywords: acid; degradation; growth; model; msm; pit; rate; sanitation; serratia; strain; time; water
• cet-5300 by None (None) - Compounds are identified using available databases or substances library stored in a computer based on used column (DB5) and the Kovats index. For example, from building materials, household products, human activities, cleaning, smoking, or industrial emissions, exhaust from vehicles are some of the anthropogenic sources of VOCs in the outdoor environment which contribute to indoor VOCs. Keywords: air; compounds; house; laboratory; measurements; model; temperature; vocs
• cet-6039 by None (None) - The mixture leaving methanation reactor contained 47.3 % of CH4, 1.2 % of H2, 6.6 % of CO2, 0.1 % of CO and 44.7 % of H2O. 1. Modelling of methanation reactor 2.1 Components and thermodynamical model The simulation model was developed using Aspen Plus™. Keywords: co2; energy; gas; methanation; model; reactor; results; simulation
• cet-6252 by None (None) - Introduction Development of methods and algorithms for remote PHM systems have been taken by the united team CALCE (USA), SmartSys Prognosis (space and telecommunication technological cluster, Skolkovo, Moscow), SmartSys Prognosis Inc. (USA) in recent years. The project objectives have concentrated on creating and market approbation of remote PHM system in order to determine the necessary functionality, architecture and basic scenarios. Keywords: cluster; level; model; pdf; phm; prognosis; signs; time; transition
• cet-6258 by None (None) - Where inewy ,ˆ is computed from the reference PLS and PCA model and N is the number of observations. PLS model is built on the properties of the NIPALS algorithm (Geladi and Kowalsky, 1986). Keywords: behaviour; data; equipment; maintenance; matrix; model; pca; variables
• cet-6264 by None (None) - Random walk model of finite segments of the wavelet coefficients of observed signal is considered as the original model. Therefore, the paper discusses the issue about prognosis of changing the conditions of applicability of random walk models. Keywords: basis; block; estimates; model; rul; value; walk
• cet-6364 by None (None) - To reduce the downtime of wind turbines, fault detection systems are already widely used but more research and development need to be done. Fault detection will prevent extensive damage in case of a fault and create time to react to faults, for example, to prepare inspections and/or to purchase spare parts. Keywords: fault; min; model; time; value
• cet-6365 by None (None) - Wang et al. (2012) used model simulation to exam parameter sensitivity and Srinivasulu et al. Because it is very difficult to identify the large amount of parameters quickly and accurately, a step-by-step method along with parameter sensitivity analysis (Alexander et al., 2010) was proposed. Keywords: battery; conditions; dod; model; parameters; sensitivity; value
• cet-6366 by None (None) - The parameters of battery model are called internal characteristics. 950 2. Stage one: preparation 2.1 Mathematical models and their numerical solutions Mathematical modeling of lithium ion batteries involves defining the dependant variables and their respective governing equations (usually a combination of partial differential equations) along with necessary boundary and initial conditions (Vinten, 2009). Keywords: batteries; battery; characteristics; discharge; ion; lithium; model; parameters; power; simulation; sources
• cet-6367 by None (None) - It is thus important to monitor battery temperature for prevention of the battery failure. In this Section, we develop temperature prediction model with the two methods, one by the computer simulation and the other by the ANN. Keywords: battery; conditions; figure; generation; heat; model; rate; temperature
• cet-6575 by None (None) - For MIX1 it was observed a faster biodegradation of 4NP compared to the other substrate, thus confirming the results of single compound tests. A quantitative estimation of this effect is given by the k values: for 2,4DCP k value decreased by 35% with respect to single compound tests, while for 4NP a mean reduction of 80 % is observed. Keywords: 4np; biodegradation; compounds; concentration; kinetic; model; tests
• cet-6584 by None (None) - *mpoletto@unisa.it A kinetic model for ethanol fermentation of lactose using yeast Kluyveromyces marxianus DSMZ 5422 is proposed. This assumption corresponds to the hypothesis that the stop in ethanol fermentation does not bring any change in the biomass growth and lactose consumption. II) Keywords: ethanol; fermentation; l-1; lactose; model
• cet-6685 by None (None) - In terms of adsorption capacity KF, on clay B the most hydrophobic molecule (i.e. ethyl octanoate) was adsorbed less than ethyl hexanoate, while on both the other clays ethyl octanoate showed a very high and greater KF value than ethyl hexanoate. They showed high adsorption capacity especially with hydrophobic molecules. Keywords: adsorption; bentonite; clay; compounds; ethyl; model; odor; samples; surface; wine
• cet-6688 by None (None) - abessadok@ksu.edu.sa This work deals with the study of drying kinetics of high water content materials such as agro-food particles. 4. Conclusion This study proposed a method to adequately characterize drying kinetics of high water content agro-food materials (e.g. carrot particles). Keywords: content; drying; fickian; figure; food; kinetics; model
• Heat Exchanger Network Retrofit Under Fouling Effects with Cleaning Schedule by Yanyongsak, Jaturaporn; Siemanond, Kitipat (2018) - In order to modify former stage-wise model to HEN retrofit model, the constraints for existing exchanger matches have to be added to the synthesis model. The objective function of HEN retrofit model is maximizing profit as a function of utilities saving revenue and total investment cost from additional area and new heat exchanger units. Keywords: case; cleaning; fouling; heat; hen; model; retrofit; schedule
• cet-6896 by None (None) - 40% 60% 80% 100% 0% 2% 4% 6% 8% 10% % S ur vi ve d ta nk s Filling level (%) Density of stored substance: 1000 kg/m3 Number of considered vessels: 116 Figure 2: Results of the validation for atmospheric vessels: fraction of the tanks able to withstand the reference flood impact as a function of the filling level. This phenomenon is described in detail in the literature (Timoshenko and Gere 1961) and typically affects atmospheric vessels. Keywords: case; damage; equipment; figure; flood; flooding; model; study; vessel
• Mathematical Modelling of MNUP-Fuel Production by the Carbothermic Synthesis Process for Fast Neutron Reactors by Polosin, Anton A.; Blank, Maria O.; Livencov, Sergey N. (2018) - A complete system of equations for CTS process model contains 23 equations. Conclusions The studying of problems and difficulties of CTS process model creation is the result of this paper. Keywords: cts; fuel; furnace; model; reaction; synthesis; t t; zone
• Sorting Line Modelling as an Integral Part of Complex Tools for Decision-making in Waste Management by Gregor, Jiri; Kropac, Jiri; Pavlas, Martin (2018) - Figure 2: Sorting line TE model simplified scheme According to state of the art it is very useful to prepared unique TE model which can describe the balance flow and economic view of sorting line facilities. Keywords: fractions; line; management; model; paper; plastic; sorting; tool; waste
• Factor Impacts and Target Setting of Energy Consumption in Thailand’s Hospital Building by Damrongsak, Det; Wongsapai, Wongkot; Thinate, Nattanee (2018) - Multiple linear regression has been executed to find the relationship between electrical energy consumption and various essential variables. Figure 2 shows relationships between electrical energy consumption and its related variables. Keywords: consumption; energy; hospitals; model; regression; use
• Research and Mathematical Modelling of Direct Bioelectrocatalytic Oxygen Reduction by Laccase by Vasilenko, Violetta A.; Arkadeva, Irina N.; Bogdanovskaya, Vera A.; Fokina, Evgenia A.; Koltsova, Eleonora M. (2018) - There are some investigations where mathematical modelling and calculations were carried out with the help of commercial package software, e.g. CFD-ACE (Bedekar et al., 2007), COMSOL Multiphysics (Chan et al., 2012), ANSYS FLUENT (Mitrichev et al., 2016), FEM-LAB (Kjeang et al., 2006) or use for calculations the particular software (MATLAB) (Osman et al., 2013). (Koltsova et al., 2000); F, С mol-1 – Faraday constant; R, J mol-1 K-1 – universal gas constant; Т, К – temperature. Keywords: electrode; enzyme; experimental; laccase; layer; model; oxygen
• cet-7005 by None (None) - A medium scale pilot plant unit based on LPG reforming was presented by Recupero et al. (2005), and highlighted the effect of inlet composition and operating temperature on LPG conversion rates. Fuel minimization and prolonged battery life is considered important in hybrid applications (fuel cell and Li-Ion battery) that involve complex interactions along with a combination of slow and fast dynamics. Keywords: cell; control; fuel; lpg; model; operating; power; reforming; system; temperature
• Multi-objective Waste Network Flow Identification Model Based on Economic and Environmental Aspects by Somplak, Radovan; Nevrly, Vlastimir; Smidova, Zlata; Pavlas, Martin (2018) - However, the provided information about the composition and the possibilities of waste treatment is not sufficient. Longer distances are accepted in the preferred mode of waste treatment. Keywords: data; model; node; treatment; waste
• Neural Network Predictive Controller Design by Vasickaninova, A.; Bakosova, M.; Oravec, J.; Meszaros, A. (2017) - CHEMICAL ENGINEERING TRANSACTIONS VOL. 61, 2017 A publication of The Italian Association of Chemical Engineering Online at www.aidic.it/cet Guest Editors: Petar S Varbanov, Rongxin Su, Hon Loong Lam, Xia Liu, Jiří J Klemeš Copyright © 2017, AIDIC Servizi S.r.l. ISBN 978-88-95608-51-8; ISSN 2283-9216 Neural Network Predictive Controller Design for Counter-Current Tubular Heat Exchangers in Series Anna Vasičkaninová*, Monika Bakošová, Juraj Oravec, Alajos Mészáros Slovak University of Technology in Bratislava, Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Institute of Information Engineering, Automation, and Mathematics, Radlinského 9, 812 37 Bratislava, Slovak Republic anna.vasickaninova@stuba.sk This paper aims at showing the application of neural network predictive control (NNPC) to counter-current heat exchangers (HEs) in series for water savings. Neural network predictive control (NNPC) of the HEs for water savings was studied by simulations. Keywords: control; controller; exchangers; heat; model; network; plant; predictive
• Operation Data Based Modelling and Performance Monitoring of Steam Turbine Regenerative System under Full Working Conditions by Guo, Z.; Guo, S.; Liu, P.; Li, Z. (2017) - Saari J., 2014, Comparison of power plant steam condenser heat transfer models for on-line condition monitoring. System description and dominant factor model This paper focuses on the steam turbine regenerative system, which usually includes several parts: heater, turbine stage and pump. Keywords: model; monitoring; performance; power; steam; system; turbine
• cet-7213 by None (None) - The thermodynamic equilibrium of this process has been studied through adsorption isotherms and the kinetics has been examined by applying several models of various order under batch conditions while for the continuous flow regime the Bohart Adams model and its relevant modifications were used. Its functionality has been proved by using a case example concerning the adsorption of Cr 3 + on and cation exchange with Amberlite IR 120-H. The thermodynamic equilibrium of this process has been studied through adsorption isotherms and the kinetics has been examined by applying several models of various order under batch conditions while for the continuous flow regime the Bohart Adams model and its relevant modifications were used. Keywords: adsorption; batzias; cation; chem; exchange; model; order; removal
• cet-7220 by None (None) - Comparison of 2D flow rates and volume integrals of vorticity magnitude over individual U-tube inlet parts is in Figures 6 and 7. Vorticity of flow in the critical areas (near inlet tube sheet and in inlet regions of U-tubes) was evaluated directly in FLUENT using volume integrals of vorticity magnitude to ensure that significant stagnation zones are not present there. Keywords: flow; inlet; model; tube
• Environmental Performance of Peruvian Waste Management Systems under a Life Cycle Approach by Ziegler-Rodriguez, Kurt; Margallo, Maria; Aldaco, Ruben; Irabien, Angel; Vazquez-Rowe, Ian; Kahhat, Ramzy (2018) - For waste management, the trend is that while developed countries seek more integrated and sustainable waste management systems (Laurent et al., 2014), emerging nations are still basically fighting to switch from the disposal of residues in open dumpsites to disposing of them in controlled landfills (Guerrero et al., 2013). El Treinta a) b) 1754 Table 1: Review of LCA studies on waste management using EASETECH model. Keywords: assessment; cycle; environmental; landfills; life; management; model; msw; peru; waste; waste management
• Silica-Resorcinol-Formaldehyde Aerogels Nanostructure Modelling by Lebedev, Igor V.; Khudeev, Illarion I.; Kolnoochenko, Andrey V.; Tyrtyshnikov, Andrey Y.; Ivanov, Svyatoslav I.; Menshutina, Natalia V. (2018) - Computational model of aerogels structure enables to calculate various properties such as thermal conductivity and mechanical strength, without using expensive experiments. Modeling of the structure formation process allows obtaining model structures similar to real ones. Keywords: aerogels; cluster; model; rlca; silica; size; structure
• Energy Consumption Optimization of a Manufacturing Plant by the Application of the P-Graph Framework by Eles, Andras; Halasz, Laszlo; Heckl, Istvan; Cabezas, Heriberto (2018) - Therefore, it is crucial to develop structures of manufacturing processes which reduce energy consumption, and meet energy demands with a mix of available options, all of which remaining economically feasible. Table 2: Available energy sources in the region. Keywords: cost; energy; graph; huf; model; solution; synthesis
• Switch Approach of Control Zone and Optimization Zone for Economic Model Predictive Control by Wan, X.; Liu, B.-J.; Liang, Z.-S.; Luo, X.-L. (2017) - CHEMICAL ENGINEERING TRANSACTIONS VOL. 61, 2017 A publication of The Italian Association of Chemical Engineering Online at www.aidic.it/cet Guest Editors: Petar S Varbanov, Rongxin Su, Hon Loong Lam, Xia Liu, Jiří J Klemeš Copyright © 2017, AIDIC Servizi S.r.l. ISBN 978-88-95608-51-8; ISSN 2283-9216 Switch Approach of Control Zone and Optimization Zone for Economic Model Predictive Control Xin Wan, Bing-Jie Liu, Zhi-Shan Liang, Xiong-Lin Luo* Department of Automation, China University of Petroleum Beijing, 102249, China luoxl@cup.edu.cn The coordination of control and optimization is proposed for economic model predictive control in the paper. The solution of economic model predictive control is gradient descent method. Keywords: control; empc; model; optimization; point; time; zone
• Modelling and Simulation of CO2 Absorption in Alkaline Buffer Solutions in gPROMS by Iancu, P.; Velea, S.; Plesu, V.; Muscalu, C.; David, D. (2010) - P. S. Varbanov Copyright © 2010, AIDIC Servizi S.r.l., ISBN 978-88-95608-05-1 ISSN 1974-9791 DOI: 10.3303/CET1021114 Please cite this article as: Iancu P., Velea S. , Plesu V., Muscalu C. and David D., (2010), Modelling and simulation of CO2 absorption in alkaline buffer solutions in gPROMS, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 21, 679-684, DOI: 10.3303/CET1021114. Modelling and Simulation of CO2 Absorption in Alkaline Buffer Solutions in gPROMS Petrica Iancu* 1 , Sanda Velea 2 , Valentin Pleşu 1 , Constantin Muscalu 1 , Romeo David 1 1 Centre for Technology Transfer in the Process Industries, University POLITEHNICA of Bucharest, 1, Polizu Street, 011061 Bucharest, Romania 2 National Research & Development Institute for Chemistry and Petrochemistry ICECHIM cttip@chim.upb.ro CO2 capture of from industrial gases is an important and viable strategy for worldwide effort to reduce the human contribution to climate change. Physical model/kinetics model for CO2 absorption in Na2CO3/NaHCO3 buffer solution proposed in this paper considers following phenomena: a) Diffusion and physical absorption: CO2 Henry’s law between CO2 composition in liquid phase and gas phase respectively Keywords: absorption; c c; chemical; co2; gas; model;  
• Optimal Heat Exchanger Network Synthesis with Detailed Shell and Tube Heat Exchanger Design Based on Superstructure Model by Sun, L.; Zhao, B.-S.; Luo, X.-L. (2017) - Some scholars took account of the selection of heat exchanger and heat transfer enhancement equipment selection during the integration optimization of heat exchanger network. Moita R.D., Fernandes C., Matos H.A., Nunes C.P., 2004, A cost-based strategy to design multiple shell and tube heat exchangers, ASME J. Heat Trans, 126, 119-130. Keywords: design; exchanger; heat; hen; model; number; shell; transfer; tube
• cet-835 by None (None) - Technical route for hyperspectral image identification of the seed See the technical route of hyperspectral image identification system of the seed in Figure 2, which includes the collection of hyperspectral images, correction and preprocessing of images, image division and feature extraction (Wang et al., 2017); the prediction is implemented to the samples to be tested by modelling and using the well-trained models so as to achieve the seed purity identification (Xia et al., 2016). The hyperspectral data is subject to the wave-band selection with the combination of stoichiometry, the mathematical model set up by using hyperspectral image is upgraded, and the seed purity is also tested. Keywords: accuracy; classification; doi; ieee; image; model; prediction; seed; sensing
• The Mathematical Modelling of Fouling Formation Along PHE Heat Transfer Surface by Kapustenko, P.O.; Arsenyeva, O.P.; Matsegora, O.I.; Kusakov, S.K.; Tovazhnianskyi, V.I. (2017) - As is summarised by Malayeri et al. (2017) according to analysis of different publications, the conservative estimation of heat exchanger fouling leads to conclusion that additional cost for fouling in industrialised countries is in the order of 0.25 % of Gross Domestic Product (GDP). The fouling formation on heat transfer surfaces is determined by a number of factors, among which one of the most important is temperature. Keywords: channel; flow; fouling; heat; model; parameters; phe; surface; temperature; transfer
• cet-9239 by None (None) - Based on the analysis of the experimental data points and the benchmarking, we recommend using the stripping factor to determine tray efficiencies. However, the resulting difference between Lewis case 1 and 3 is negligible, particularly for point efficiencies below 0.8. Keywords: efficiency; liquid; model; point; rel; section; tray; vapor
• cet-9247 by None (None) - Prediction of liquid distribution is used to reduce column design uncertainties, for example by implementing mass transfer calculations in liquid distribution models (Higler et al., 1999). ISBN 978-88-95608-66-2; ISSN 2283-9216 Development and Application of the TUM-WelChem Cell Model for Prediction of Liquid Distribution in Random Packed Columns Florian Hanuscha,*, Volker Engelb, Robert Kendera, Sebastian Rehfeldta, Harald Kleina a Technical University of Munich, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Institute of Plant and Process Technology, Boltzmannstr. 15, 85748 Garching, Germany b WelChem GmbH, Brunnenweg 40, 83666 Waakirchen, Germany florian.hanusch@tum.de Liquid maldistribution is, next to the prediction of interfacial phase area and mass transfer coefficients, one of the bigger uncertainties in random packed column design. Keywords: cell; column; distribution; gas; liquid; load; model; packing
• Comprehensive Impact Assessment Model of Petroleum Development on Economic, Environmental and Petroleum Resources by Xu, Meng (2018) - Introduction The accounting system of national economic account designed by the United Nations Statistics Division (UNSD) has been widely recognized, but the coordinated relations between environmental resources and economic system development hasn’t been included. The establishment of environmental economic account is shown in Fig.2. Keywords: cost; development; economic; economy; energy; environmental; model; system
• A Regression Model for Estimating Sugar Crystal Size in a Fed-batch Vacuum Evaporative Crystalliser by Felix, Edikan; Alabi, Sunday; Umo, Aniediong (2019) - Vc Volume fraction of sugar crystals () 0.4 0.5 The model described in Eq(4) for online prediction of sugar crystal growth rate is a function of temperature and super-saturation. Table 2: Upper and lower values of input variables for sugar crystal size model S/N Symbol Variables Lower limit Upper limit 1 T Temperature (oC) 65 75 2 Pvac Vacuum pressure (bar) 0.2 0.3 3 Ff Feed flowrate (m3/s) 0 0.0275 4 Fs Steam flowrate (kg/s) 1.4 2.75 5 S0 Initial super-saturation () 1.15 1.25 6 t Crystallisation time (s) 1200 5400 7 L0 Initial crystal size (microns) 10 12 3. Keywords: batch; crystal; crystallisation; model; size; sugar; time
• Mathematical Modeling of Convective Drying Acerola (malpighia Emarginata) Residue in Different Thicknesses by Oliveira Da Silva, Jefferson David; Lima Santos, Debora Eloa; Abud, Ana Karla de Souza; Oliveira Junior, Antonio Matins (2019) - The parameter k values present the same magnitude order for the models studied for each thickness, with exception for Lewis model to high thickness (4 mm, 5 mm and 6 mm). Oliveira Junior A.M., Soares D.S.C., Santos J.T.S., Nunes, T.P., 2016, Evaluation of different drying models for freeze drying of ripe mangabas with different diameters through of performance indicators, Scientia Plena, 12, 1-5; Onwude D.I., Hashim N., Janius R.B., Nawi N.M., Abdan K., 2016, Modeling the thin-layer drying of fruits and vegetables: a review, Comprehensive Reviews in Food Science and Food Safety, 15, 599-618. Keywords: acerola; drying; lewis; midilli; model; page; thicknesses

• An Experimental Study of Water BLEVE by Heymes, Frederic; Lauret, Pierre; Hoorelbeke, Pol (2019) - The aim of this work was to perform BLEVE tests thanks to a 14L pressure vessel designed on purpose to produce high pressure water BLEVE (85 bar). High speed camera capture of the blast waves Figure 10 represents two key data during the violent phase change: internal pressure and blast pressure (at 70 cm from the rupture disk) were reported on a synchronized time scale. Keywords: bleve; figure; liquid; pressure; steam; temperature; vessel; water
• Research on the Effects of Sewage Discharge from Chemical Industry Park on Microbial Community by Wei, Rui (2017) - To analyze structure change of microbial communities in a sewage system of a typical coastal industrial park and a drainage area, by comparing structures of microbial communities in the sewage treatment system in the park and the pollutant-holding area by means of molecular biology, higher richness and diversity of bacteria and archaea in sediments in the pollutant-holding area than that of the sewage treatment system in the park are found in this research; according to analysis and findings on different points and different seasonal samples in the pollutant-holding area, microbial community structures at each point in the pollutant-holding area share relatively high similarity. 1. Introduction 1.1 Research significance With a typical coastal industrial park chosen as the research object, intermittent sampling and environmental monitoring are carried out on the sewage treatment system in the park and the sewage discharge area where it is located, meanwhile (Harris et al, 2017), quantitative PCR, clone library, 454 high throughput sequencing and molecular biology methods are adopted for analysis of changes of microbial community structure of the sewage treatment system in the industrial park and of the pollutant-holding area to study response relationship between microbial community structure in the bay area and environmental factors, and to explore the influence which may be caused by terrigenous industrial pollution on the microbial community structure in the pollutant-holding bay area (Henson, 2014). Keywords: ammonia; area; community; culture; samples; structure; system; water
• Bio-geochemical Circulation of Nitrogen in Lakes and the Role of Microorganisms by Zhang, Lihui (2017) - Surrounded by residential area, the Shahe Gate is closed during sampling with a high percentage of total nitrogen in ammonia nitrogen while the Yangwa Gate, high in nitrate nitrogen due to impact of the Liangshui River in upstream, is surrounded by agricultural area and frequent in gate control. During preliminary stage of cultivation, Treatment 4 was the highest in nitrogen amount, then came Treatment 5, while Treatment 1, 2, 3 were the lowest. Keywords: adsorption; bacteria; nh4; nitrogen; sediments; treatment; water
• Research on the Explosive Characteristics of Oil and Gas Mixture in Urban Drainage Pipeline by Ma, Shuqi; Lyu, Shuran; Zhan, Qiujie (2017) - Moreover, we give discussions on explosive characteristics of the mixed gases with different contents of gasoline, effect of water on explosion suppression of oil and gas mixture, and influence of methane with different concentrations on the explosive characteristics of oil and gas mixture from the two aspects of explosion pressure and explosion pressure rate of the mixed gas. Researches of the domestic and overseas scholars on the gas explosion in drainage duct mainly concentrate on the monitoring of toxic and hazardous gases in underground drainage duct of cities and the risk assessment on gas explosion (Benhorma et al., 2017; Caruso and Nobili, 2017; Sakhrieh et al., 2017; Yang et al., 2016; Zaidi et al., 2017). Keywords: explosion; explosion pressure; gas; gasoline; pressure; rate; rising; water
• Analysis of Pollution Control on the Construction of Garden Green Space in Petrochemical Enterprises by Zhao, Yihan (2017) - In the construction of urban green space system, the selection and arrangement of green plants is very important, which is directly related to the ecological function of green space system and the value of landscape aesthetics. 1415 Reference Bergkamp G., 1995, A hierarchical approach for desertification assessment, Environmental Monitoring & Assessment, 37(1-3), 59-78, DOI: 10.1007/BF00546880 Cong G., Gao J., Wang G., 2012, Design of intelligent maintenance decision-making system for fixed equipment in petrochemical plants, International Conference on Web Information System & Minging, 7529 :402-413, DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-33469-6_52 Klijn F., Haes H.A.U.D., 1994, A hierarchical approach to ecosystems and its implications for ecological land classification, Landscape Ecology, 9(2), 89-104, DOI: 10.1007/bf00124376 Kylafis G., Loreau M., 2011, Niche construction in the light of niche theory. Keywords: construction; control; green; petrochemical; plant; pollution; space; water
• Evaluation of the Water Flooding Development Potential at High Water Cut Reservoirs with the Multi-Level Fuzzy Synthetic Evaluation Method by Lyu, Hengyu; Zhao, Liang; Qin, Guosheng (2017) - In terms of high water cut reservoir, as the reservoir engineering method often can't reflect the potential of water flooding development, this paper selects geological and development factors with the grey correlation 1475 method combined with the Delphi method so as to establish an evaluation system of the water drive development potential at high water cut reservoirs for multi-level fuzzy comprehensive evaluation in combination of chromatography analysis and fuzzy evaluation methods. For high water cut reservoirs, conventional reservoir engineering methods, such as the production decline curve analysis method, the water drive characteristic curve analysis method, the forecasting model method and so on, are away from the actual situation at some degree in predicting the difference of water flooding development potential. Keywords: development; evaluation; flooding; index; method; potential; reservoir; water
• Minimising the Cost of Spirulina platensis Culture Medium using Vinh Hao Natural Mineral Water by Trinh, Dung V. ; Nguyen, Phuong T. H. (2020) - The obtained medium was also assessed by comparing the growth rate of S. platensis algae cultured in Vinh Hao medium with that in Zarrouk medium under the same conditions. Table 10: pH changes in the culture medium Day S1 S2 Zarrouk 1 8.50 8.55 8.50 2 8.70 8.80 8.70 3 9.20 9.30 9.30 4 9.45 9.50 9.60 5 9.60 9.65 9.70 6 9.70 9.80 9.80 7 9.90 9.95 9.90 8 10.15 10.25 10.25 3.3 Biomass growth rate Figure 1 shows that the biomass growth rate of S. platensis algae in Vinh Hao medium was similar to that in Zarrouk medium. Keywords: algae; hao; medium; mineral; platensis; vinh; water; zarrouk
• Design and Operation Optimization of Industrial Waste Heat Recovery for District Heating and Cooling by Zhang, Lingwei; Wang, Yufei; Feng, Xiao (2020) - In this study, a multi-period mathematical model has been established for the waste heat recovery, in which hot water is the intermediate fluid, and waste heat can be utilized in the entire year by integrating with DHC systems. Kapil et al. (2011) proposed a method for identifying the quality and quantity of low-grade waste heat that can be recycled in the plant, and assessed the economic benefits of integrating waste heat into the district heating (DH) system. Keywords: cooling; grade; heat; temperature; waste; waste heat; water
• cet-11159 by None (None) - The results showed that its addition changed the morphological structure of the growth of sodium chloride crystals, and significantly inhibited the recrystallization process of sodium chloride in the formation water of Daji 1 - 7 gas well. The concentrations of chloride ions in the solutions and the structure of sodium chloride crystals in the presence or absence of the inhibitor were determined through ion chromatography and scanning electron microscopy (SEM, MAIA3LMH, TESCAN, Czech). Keywords: chloride; concentration; crystals; gas; inhibitor; salt; sodium; water
• Facile Synthesis and Characterisation of Nanosized Zno Modified with Ag2s for Visible-light Induced Phenol Degradation by Ichipi, Emmanuel; Tichapondwa, Shepherd; Chirwa, Evans (2021) - (a) (b) 9 Figure 2: XRD pattern of ZnO and Ag2S/ZnO catalysts synthesised by sol-gel method SEM and TEM images Some quantities of ZnO precursor, pure ZnO, and Ag2S/ZnO powders were taken to SEM and TEM to capture their shapes and morphologies. Figures 3(d), (e), and (f) show TEM images of precursor ZnO, pure ZnO, and Ag2S/ZnO particles like flat nanoplates and sheets. Keywords: ag2s; catalyst; degradation; light; phenol; water; zno
• cet-11485 by None (None) - References Abdi, J., Vossoughi, M., Mahmoodi, N.M., Alemzadeh, I., 2017, Synthesis of metal-organic framework hybrid nanocomposites based on GO and CNT with high adsorption capacity for dye removal. Dai, L., Zhu, W., He, L., Tan, F., Zhu, N., Zhou, Q., He, M., Hu, G., 2018, Calcium-rich biochar from crab shell: An unexpected super adsorbent for dye removal. Keywords: adsorbent; adsorption; carbon; cnt; dye; dyes; nanotubes; removal; water
• The Use of Supercritical Solvents in Polyaromatic Conversion by Stepacheva, Antonina; Gavrilenko, Alexandra; Markova, Mariia; Monzharenko, Margarita; Yakubenok, Kseniya; Sidorov, Alexander; Matveeva, Valentina; Sulman, Mikhail (2021) - Supercritical hydrocarbon solvents such as tetralin (Kim et al., 2018), hexane, and dodecane (Viet et al., 2012) can also serve as hydrogen donors. Viet T.T., Lee J.-H., Ryu J.W., Ahn I.-S., Lee C.-H., 2012, Hydrocracking of vacuum residue with activated carbon in supercritical hydrocarbon solvents, Fuel, 94, 556–562. Yeletsky P.M., Reina T.R., Bulavchenko O.A., Saraev A.A., Gerasimov E.Yu., Zaikina O.O., Bermúdez J.M., Arcelus-Arrillaga P., Yakovlev V.A., Millan M., 2019, Phenanthrene catalytic cracking in supercritical water: effect of the reaction medium on NiMo/SiO2 catalysts, Catalysis Today, 329, 197–205. 1434 Keywords: catalyst; conversion; cracking; mn-100; oil; phase; solvent; surface; water
• cet-11804 by None (None) - Within the top 10 countries with the most contribution to water impact of COVID-19 studies (18 authors), seven of which are within the top 10 countries with the most number of total infected cases. A publication of The Italian Association of Chemical Engineering Online at www.cetjournal.it Guest Editors: Petar S. Varbanov, Yee Van Fan, Jiří J. Klemeš Copyright © 2021, AIDIC Servizi S.r.l. ISBN 978-88-95608-86-0; ISSN 2283-9216 The Impact of COVID-19 on the Water Sector: A Review Xuexiu Jiaa,*, Petar Sabev Varbanova, Jiří Jaromír Klemeša, Xiaoping Jiab a Sustainable Process Integration Laboratory – SPIL, NETME Centre, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Brno University of Technology - VUT Brno, Technická 2896/2, 616 69 Brno, Czech Republic b Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Zhengzhou Road 53, mailbox 97, Qingdao, China jia@fme.vutbr.cz This paper provides a literature review of the impact of the COVID-19 spread-prevention measures on the water sectors, including general water network management, water quality and quantity, and wastewater treatment. Keywords: covid-19; energy; impact; lockdown; pandemic; quality; review; studies; total; water
• cet-12218 by None (None) - Under water pressures of several bars were seen when ignition occurred. Revised: 10 March 2022; Accepted: 28 April 2022 Please cite this article as: van Wingerden K., Kluge M., Habib A.K., Skarsvåg H.L., Ustolin F., Paltrinieri N., Odsæter L.H., 2022, Experimental investigation into the consequences of release of liquified hydrogen onto and under water, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 90, 541-546 DOI:10.3303/CET2290091 CHEMICAL ENGINEERING TRANSACTIONS VOL. 90, 2022 A publication of The Italian Association of Chemical Engineering Online at www.cetjournal.it Guest Editors: Aleš Bernatík, Bruno Fabiano Copyright © 2022, AIDIC Servizi S.r.l. ISBN 978-88-95608-88-4; ISSN 2283-9216 Experimental Investigation into the Consequences of Release of Liquified Hydrogen onto and under Water Kees van Wingerdena, Martin Klugeb, Abdel Karim Habibb, Hans L.Skarsvågc, Federico Ustolind, Nicola Paltrinierid, Lars H. Odsæterc a Gexcon AS, Fantoftvegen 38, 5072 Bergen, Norway b Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und –Prüfung, Unter den Eichen 87, 12205 Berlin, Germany c SINTEF Energy Research, 7465 Trondheim, Norway d Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Norwegian University of Science and Technology NTNU, 7491 Trondheim, Norway kees.van.wingerden@vysusgroup.com Large-scale experiments have been performed to investigate the possible consequences of realistic amounts of liquified hydrogen (LH2) encountering water. Keywords: hydrogen; ignition; lh2; release; rpts; surface; water
• cet-12521 by None (None) - Successfully, maltodextrin & alginate (80:1 ratio) mixture with water in oil emulsion (80:20 ratio) was applied in flaxseed oil using whey protein isolate as emulsifier agent (Fioramonti et al., 2017). Therefore, this study aims to develop from alginate/maltodextrins and optimization process to determine its effects on phytosterols content, oxidation stability, solubility, and water activity of palm oil in a freeze-drying process. Keywords: alginate; content; drying; et al; food; maltodextrin; oil; phytosterols; solubility; stability; water
• cet-12523 by None (None) - Figure 6: Reduction of cyanide with Pseudomona aeruginosa biofilm Figure 7: Cyanide reduction with Escherichia coli biofilm The physicochemical properties of the wastewater after being treated with the biofilms are presented in Table 6, the pH decreased due to the acids generated by the bacteria but remains in the optimal range for bacterial population growth. In gold mining waste with in vitro assays and using the bacteria pseudomonas fluorescens, pseudomonas alcaligenes, acinetobacter, enterobacter and Bacillus, reduced cyanide up to 2.8 mg CN/L (Huertas et al., 2010). Keywords: aeruginosa; biofilm; coli; cyanide; days; escherichia; treatment; water
• cet-12531 by None (None) - Also, they concluded that PEG does not induce protein conformal alterations in low polymer concentrations, indicating that it stabilizes the protein conformation while protein unfolding occurs in high PEG concentration. [𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟][𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃] (2) Considering Cb = [AR:PEG], the following equation is obtained: 201 𝐾𝐾 = 𝐶𝐶𝑏𝑏 (𝐶𝐶𝑏𝑏 – 𝐶𝐶𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟)(𝐶𝐶𝑏𝑏 – 𝐶𝐶𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝) (3) where CrHSA and 𝐶𝐶𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝 are the 𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟 and PEG analytical concentrations in solution. Keywords: albumin; mixture; peg; phase; protein; rhsa; stability; water
• cet-12551 by None (None) - Table 1: Comparison between results of buoyancy and immersion tests Absorption percentage Float characteristics Test Celulose RVC1 PU RVC 2 Cellulose sponge3 PU Sponge4 Buoyancy in water 21% 29% 51% 640% 1 and 2 show minimum sinking 3 and 4 get submerged by 60% Immersion in water 35% 123% 857% 2340% 1 and 2 show buoyancy when strength is eliminated 3 and 4 stay submerged Buoyancy in water/crude oil 348% 781% 52% 1457% All samples get partially submerged Immersion in crude oil 402% 837% 348% 2019% All samples stay submerged When comparing the behavior of the tested materials, it can be seen that the RVC foams synthesized in this study have high buoyancy and low water absorption compared to the polymeric sponges. 3.2 Morphology of foams and templates Figure 3 shows the confocal micrographs of the polymeric sponges and RVC foams synthesized in this study. Keywords: absorption; carbon; crude; et al; foams; materials; oil; resin; rvc; sponges; sucrose; water
• cet-12557 by None (None) - Water color is an important parameter in the assessment of water quality (Chen et al., 2021; Zobkov and Zobkova, 2020). The high specific surface area and pore volume, achieved with acid activation, allows to obtain good adsorbent materials, ideal for water treatment (Hoa et al., 2006). Keywords: carbon; coconut; color; doi; endocarp; et al; removal; treatment; turbidity; water
• cet-12728 by None (None) - Byrappa K., Subramani A.K., Ananda S., Rai K.M., Dinesh R., Yoshimura M., 2006, Photocatalytic degradation of rhodamine B dye using hydrothermally synthesized ZnO, Bulletin of Materials Science, 29(5), 433-438. Figure 5: Effect of pH on photocatalytic degradation of rhodamine B 0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 0 3 0 6 0 9 0 1 2 0 1 5 0 1 8 0 CO N CE N TR AT IO N (C /C O ) TIME (MIN) 5g/L 7.5g/L 10g/L 15g/L 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 0 30 60 90 120 150 180 210 240 270 Co nc en tr at io n (C /C o) Time (min) pH 1 pH 3 pH 5 Ph 7 pH 9 pH 11 pH 13 1031 4. Keywords: catalyst; cus; degradation; gl-1; light; rhodamine; water; zns
• cet-12737 by None (None) - Overall, the integrated P-graph – AHP framework showed its utility in planning for sustainability to identify and implement long-term projects, notably in water supply networks. The case study illustrated how P-graph can generate optimal water supply networks through mathematical modeling. Keywords: ahp; dam; graph; manila; mwss; supply; sustainability; water
• cet-12792 by None (None) - PAHs including naphthalene, biphenyl, fluorene, anthracene, phenanthrene among others are classified as hazardous due to their carcinogenic, teratogenic, genotoxic, and persistent nature (Zhang et al., 2019). Exposure of PAHs to humans may cause various cancers and several other diseases such as oral cancer, stomach cancer, asthma, and heart diseases (Zhang et al., 2019). Keywords: current; electrochemical; et al; naphthalene; oxidation; water
• cet-13052 by None (None) - ( c ) (c) 132 According to the effect on SMT degradation, the operating parameters can be arranged based on the F-value as follows: pH > catalyst dosage > concentration (Samy et al., 2020). The initial concentration of SMT and photocatalyst dosage are set to 10 ppm and 0.25 g/lit, respectively, and are held constant for comparison during SMT degradation. Keywords: degradation; design; light; mil-100(fe; photocatalyst; smt; sulfamethazine; wastewater; water
• cet-13055 by None (None) - Khadka, G., and Pathak, D., 2021, Groundwater potential as an indicator of water poverty index in drought- prone mid-hill region of Nepal Himalaya, Groundwater for Sustainable Development, 12, 1–53. The results indicated that water poverty was low in WPI and modified Water Poverty Index (WPI-mB), which indicates favourable environmental conditions for access to water sources and sustainable development measures. Keywords: biodiversity; component; creek; environment; et al; index; juan; poverty; water; water poverty; wpi
• cet-13056 by None (None) - Juan Angola creek does 157 not have good water quality, therefore, it is necessary the establishment action for the recovery of this ecosystem, although the water creek is not used for supply, affects the quality of life, health, sanitation, and biodiversity in the water body. The results showed that poverty, informality, unemployment, and water quality have the greatest effects and impacts on the environmental conditions of the water system. Keywords: angola; coverage; creek; good; index; indicators; juan; medium; quality; water
• cet-13059 by None (None) - The cellulose is a natural polymer and due to its excellent performance characteristics, such as good reproducibility, high dielectric constant and excellent chemical and thermal stability it has been considered a good candidate for use in battery separators (Zhang et al., 2014; Liu et al., 2016; Luo et al., 2021). Novel cellulose/polyurethane composite gel polymer electrolyte for high performance lithium batteries. Keywords: batteries; battery; discharge; lithium; separator; water
• cet-13067 by None (None) - Through two-dimensional simulations, a 97% reduction in TCE saturation was obtained due to displacement of the contaminant out of the field of view. In the next images it is possible to observe the TCE saturation in time instant 0.089 seconds for different contact angles: 221 Contact angle: 5º Contact angle: 30º Contact angle: 60º Contact angle: 140º Figure 2: TCE saturation in time instant 0.089 seconds for different contact angles Comparing the images obtained at the end of the simulation, it is possible to observe that the TCE is more easily drained in the condition of greater contact angle. Keywords: angle; contact; ethylene; fluid; pores; reaction; saturation; tce; water
• cet-13101 by None (None) - References AIWAYS, 2020, Methanol fuel cell development, last visit 31/01/2023. Also important is the inerting role of the water in the mixture, which not only limits the flammable range of methanol alone, but also reduces the vapor pressure, resulting in a lower evaporation rate from the puddle than with pure methanol. Keywords: case; fuel; gasoline; ignition; methanol; mixture; storage; system; tank; water
• cet-13122 by None (None) - Figure 4: Phenol degradation efficiencies with varying photocatalyst loading 3.2.3 Effect of pH Figure 5 shows the effect of pH on the extent of phenol degradation. 𝐶𝑙− + ⦁𝑂𝐻 → 𝐶𝑙 + 𝑂𝐻− (1) 𝐶𝑙− + ℎ𝑣𝑏 + → 𝐶𝑙⦁ (2) 262 Figure 5: Effect of pH on phenol degradation efficiencies 3.3.4 Reaction kinetics and the effect of phenol concentration An increase in phenol concentration from 5 mg/L to 10 mg/L led to a reduction in the extent of phenol degradation from 100% to 73% in 4 h (Figure 6). Keywords: clay; degradation; figure; ldh; light; phenol; photocatalyst; water
• cet-13123 by None (None) - Several models are proposed in the literature to evaluate the effects arising from marine blowouts: source term models, water column dispersion models and atmospheric dispersion models of the degassing flowrate (Pan and Oldenburg, 2014). Thus, in the present study an assessment of the effects of CO2 blowouts in shallow water has been performed, identifying a set of models and tools available for the analysis of the consequences of subsea gaseous leakages and applying them to specific case studies. Keywords: blowouts; case; co2; column; gas; marine; plume; release; sea; subsea; water; water column
• cet-13142 by None (None) - This negative result can be attributed to the particularly high viscosity of starch aqueous solutions. Figures 2 and 3 give respectively the structure of the polymers employed as membrane materials, and the structure of the CMC and starch. Keywords: cmc; membranes; method; polysaccharides; solutions; starch; ultrafiltration; water
• cet-13153 by None (None) - Accepted: 13 April 2023 Please cite this article as: Campisi G., Cosenza A., Randazzo S., Tamburini A., Micale G., 2023, Salinity Reduction of Real Produced Waters via Assisted Reverse Electrodialysis, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 99, 445-450 DOI:10.3303/CET2399075 CHEMICAL ENGINEERING TRANSACTIONS VOL. A publication of The Italian Association of Chemical Engineering Online at www.cetjournal.it Guest Editors: Sauro Pierucci, Flavio Manenti Copyright © 2023, AIDIC Servizi S.r.l. ISBN 978-88-95608-98-3; ISSN 2283-9216 Salinity Reduction of Real Produced Waters via Assisted Reverse Electrodialysis Giovanni Campisia,b, Alessandro Cosenzaa,b, Serena Randazzoa,b, Alessandro Tamburini*a,b, Giorgio Micalea,b aUniversità degli Studi di Palermo, Dipartimento di Ingegneria, viale delle Scienze Ed. 6, 90128, Palermo, Italy. Keywords: ared; current; doi; electrodialysis; fujifilm; fumasep; power; pws; reverse; salinity; unit; water
• cet-13154 by None (None) - Further steps of the present research will consist of the accurate definition of the proportionality between concentration and inhibiting effect at low NH4 + concentrations and the definition of the NH4 + removal efficiency, via hydrates formation, via analyses of water composition before the formation of hydrates and after their production and removal from the aqueous phase. 4. Results and Discussion Figures 1 – 2 show the pressure – temperature profile of CO2 hydrates formation and dissociation in presence of 0.5 wt% NH4 +. Keywords: co2; dissociation; formation; gas; hydrates; nh4; removal; temperature; water
• cet-13171 by None (None) - Similarly, HC is not able to process an inlet with oil droplets larger than 200 µm. The purpose of the primary treatment is to remove small oil droplets and suspended solids and is usually performed through API, parallel plate’s interceptors or skim tanks. Keywords: classes; coalescence; cpi; design; droplets; igf; oil; treatment; volume; water
• cet-13195 by None (None) - The results of this work can be used for deeper investigations on the application of UHF RFID tags on food and beverage packages such as orange juice, apple juice, wine, and milk. While several studies highlight the importance of sensor-based smart packaging for food applications (Zuo et al., 2022), there are limited academic reports that evaluated the impact of food composition and tag placement on the performance of UHF RFID tags. Keywords: food; packaging; performance; rfid; tag; tags; uhf; water
• cet-13479 by None (None) - Public Health Journal, 18(5), 738-745 Salamanca E, 2014, Water treatment for human consumption. It is important to mention that plants and their derivatives are an efficient and effective alternative for the elimination of bacteria present in water samples, being an ecological proposal for the care of natural resources and human health. Keywords: coliforms; control; group; lechleri; resin; treatment; ufc/100; ufc/100 ml; water
• cet-13500 by None (None) - Nomenclature 𝐶 – concentration of polyphenols in water, g/l 𝐶𝑒 – equilibrium concentration of polyphenols in water, g/l 𝐶𝑖 – concentration of polyphenols in water at the end of the 𝑖-th cycle, g/l 𝑘 – linear partition coefficient, l/g 𝑀 – mass of solid matrix, g 𝑞𝑒 – equilibrium concentration polyphenols in solid mass of hazelnut skins, g/g 𝑞𝑡𝑜𝑡 – total amount of extractable polyphenols in solid mass of hazelnut skins, g/g 𝑉 – volume of solvent, l 𝛼 – solid-liquid ratio , g/l References Capparucci, C., Gironi, F., & Piemonte, V. (2011). 3. Results 3.1 Quantification of total extractable polyphenols from hazelnut skins and of extraction time The total amount 𝑞𝑡𝑜𝑡 of extractable polyphenols per mass of solid matrix was calculated through a mass balance extended to all the extraction cycles of each test as follows: 𝑞𝑡𝑜𝑡 = 𝑉𝐿 𝑀𝑆 ∑ 𝐶𝑖 𝑁 𝑖=1 = 1 𝛼 ∑ 𝐶𝑖 𝑁 𝑖=1 (1) where 𝑉𝐿 and 𝑀𝑆 are the liquid volume and the solid mass loaded at the beginning of the test, respectively, and 𝐶𝑖 is the concentration of polyphenols in the aqueous solution at the end of the 𝑖-th cycle of the test; the ratio between 𝑉𝐿 and 𝑀𝑆 coincides with the reciprocal of the solid liquid ratio 𝛼. The calculation of 𝑞𝑡𝑜𝑡 was repeated for all tests, each characterized by a different number 𝑁 of cycles. Keywords: equilibrium; extraction; hazelnut; polyphenols; tests; water
• cet-13501 by None (None) - For the fruit, the soluble solids content was higher in deficit irrigation than in 100% 65 irrigation, enhancing the desirable quality of the fruit that is appreciated by consumers and is further accentuated when irrigation water is reduced. This suggests that by reducing irrigation water, companies can achieve economic savings and reduce water waste while still obtaining high-quality final products. Keywords: data; fruit; irrigation; kiwifruit; plant; quality; soil; spectrum; storage; water
• cet-13516 by None (None) - High-pressure homogenization (HPH), a purely mechanical cell disruption technology, was directly applied to oil suspensions of WM or CL. By advancing the understanding of the mechanism of network formation of oil suspensions using high-pressure homogenization (HPH), a contribution will be given to developing new applications in oil structuring. Keywords: cellulose; hph; oil; particles; suspensions; water
• cet-13535 by None (None) - SCG extracts were analysed according to Vignoli et al. (2011). In SCG extracts, chlorogenic acid was detected at 320 nm and caffeine was detected at 272 nm. Keywords: acid; caffeine; coffee; compounds; ethanol; extraction; extracts; gts; min; scg; stl; tea; water
• cet-13684 by None (None) - Bogataj M., Bagajewicz M.J., 2008, Synthesis of non-isothermal heat integrated water networks in chemical processes, Computers & Chemical Engineering, 32, 3130-3142. The water network (WN) and heat exchanger network (HEN) are interconnected, enabling heat integration of water streams by direct heat exchange. Keywords: cost; exergy; function; heat; losses; network; objective; tac; water
• cet-13698 by None (None) - This is why the development, evaluation, and financial analysis of solar thermal energy storage systems for hot water supply and heating is of interest. Solar thermal energy storage systems, which employ phase change materials, and supply heat even during nighttime hours (Hyman, 2011) can be an attractive alternative for inhabitants of high mountain regions, as well as for tourism developments, especially those with a focus on sustainability. Keywords: analysis; costs; energy; heating; solar; stess; storage; system; technologies; thermal; water
• cet-13699 by None (None) - The literature reviewed in this study was amalgamated and differentiated to formulate the review method, which is explained further in each section, contributing to a novel approach to understanding and improving OER catalysts. Deng et al. (2017) explored the use of a near-spherical mesoporous NixCoyOz electrocatalyst, which resulted in a low overpotential of 336 mV comparable to that of noble metal electrocatalysts (Table 2). Keywords: activity; electrocatalysts; et al; evolution; metal; nickel; oer; overpotential; oxygen; performance; reaction; water
• cet-13772 by None (None) - This work shows that the gasification of biomass with high water content is possible. At 800K, peak hydrogen for C3H8O3 and 50/50 water/ C3H8O3 202 Figure 4a) Ø for peak CO v % water content in mixture for 800K air temperature Figure 4b) Keywords: air; bio; biomass; energy; figure; gasification; glycerol; heat; waste; water
• cet-13773 by None (None) - This procedure represents a high-innovative application of microalgal biomass and allows the simultaneous exploitation of FAs and carbohydrates. This may result in an increase in the commercial value of microalgal biomass. Keywords: acid; biomass; catalyst; fatty; hydroxy; microalgae; reaction; water
• cet-13777 by None (None) - The minimum and maximum values of water consumption from Herrera et al. (2021) fall in the medium-high range, but they considered also a wastewater scenario, whose actual minimum consumption of freshwater or seawater is zero. Paddlewheel (~31 kg kg–1), LEDs (1.1-15.4 kg kg–1), PVC for electrocoagulation chamber (0.3 kg kg–1), and PMMA for reactor vessel (0.3 kg kg–1) dominated the construction materials in the ORP, indoor PBRs, TLC and VSt, respectively; water consumption was in the range 23-590 kg kg–1, most for cultivation or cleaning in the open or closed systems, respectively; nitrate and phosphate were 100 and 10 g kg–1, respectively; chemicals were ~10-30 g kg–1; electricity was ~11-85 kWh kg– 1, while heat for enzymatic hydrolysis was negligible. Keywords: cleaning; consumption; cultivation; cycle; data; kgdw; life; pbr; plant; water
• cet-13785 by None (None) - The properties of leached biomass materials should be characterized, which can be used for predicting the yield and quality of the produced biocarbon. Demineralization is a process widely used for pretreatment of biomass materials that are rich in or contaminated with inorganic elements. Keywords: biocarbon; biomass; biomasses; elements; et al; leaching; materials; water; woody
• cet-13796 by None (None) - Silverskin extraction yield and Total phenolic content Table 3: Extraction yield (g dry extract/g raw material) TPC (mg GAE/g raw material) Keywords: afterburner; coffee; energy; extraction; heat; plant; scale; silverskin; study; water
• cet-13800 by None (None) - Produced water treatment technologies. A make-up stream of process water (stream 8) is inserted before the ARED to close the mass balance of the diluted circuit. Keywords: ared; concentration; cost; plant; pressure; pws; stream; treatment; unit; water
• cet-13804 by None (None) - Figure 4: Simulation and optimization of influent and effluent Cr(VI) in the biological barrier The developed model predicted the Cr(VI) effluent well under various Cr(VI) influent concentration loadings (40– 60 mgL-1) with 99.6% confidence. The model modification may result in a proper application in engineered biological systems for the treatment of groundwater with higher Cr(VI) concentrations and multiple toxic contaminants. Keywords: 16s; bacteria; barrier; concentration; cr(vi; mgl-1; reactor; sludge; water
• cet-13807 by None (None) - One technique to remove metals is the use of chemical solutions and microorganisms in order to meet water quality standards for the environment (Ang and Mohammad, 2020, Xue et al., 2021). Bioremediation is a method to stabilize organic and inorganic compounds and improve water quality, through different physical and biochemical mechanisms (Ayme et al., 2022, Tejeda et al, 2022). Keywords: days; metals; microorganisms; mountain; quality; wastewater; water
• cet-14327 by None (None) - Consequently, the secondary research to be presented in this paper aims to review some projects and actions taken by various organizations, like the United Nations and the African Union, that stimulate sustainable development in the Sahel region. The paper concludes with some remarks regarding the efficacy of these projects and actions from the viewpoint of sustainability, and finds that even though these projects and actions are of significance, there is still a long road ahead to reach sustainable development in the Sahel region. Keywords: actions; african; development; nations; region; sahel; united; water
• cet-14334 by None (None) - It may happen that due to increased water resources, the farmer’s choice of vegetation has harmful effects on the environment and on the composition of the soil. In the changing conditions, water retention decreases, as does precipitation during summer, resulting in local water shortages. Keywords: area; benefits; climate; lake; level; nature; retention; settlements; solutions; velence; water
• cet-14338 by None (None) - Prioritising and encouraging the construction of green tracks is one of the possibilities to make the urban environment more livable. Grüngleis Netzwerk, 2011, The impact and function of green tracks. Keywords: carbon; cities; concrete; green; meter; track; tramway; urban; vegetation; water
• cet-14341 by None (None) - Biodegradable plastic products are made from starch, cellulose, protein, or biosynthetically produced materials, where the primary source of natural biopolymer materials is agriculture, animal husbandry, waste management and forestry. Because of this, a larger amount of biodegradable microplastics can enter the soil in the same amount of time than traditional non-degradable plastics (Qin et al., 2021). Keywords: environment; et al; microplastics; pollution; polymers; products; research; review; soil; use; waste; water
• cet-14343 by None (None) - Consequently, beaver activity greatly promotes the increase in the number and dominance of tree species that are not typical for beaver feeding habits and also creates a habitat complex rich in grasses and herbaceous species (Pollock et al., 1995). 2.1 Measurement sites and sampling points The study sites required for flora mapping and soil moisture measurement were designated in the section of the Ablánc-stream where beaver activity was intense, and identifiable beaver dams as a result of beaver activity were directly connected to individual beaver dams. Keywords: area; beaver; distribution; moisture; plant; soil; species; value; vegetation; water
• cet-14404 by None (None) - The process begins with the calibration and deployment of the 3D scanning equipment followed by the systematic scanning of compartments associated with BWTS installation. By minimising uncertainties, this approach ensures efficient project execution, leading to cost savings and timely delivery of BWTS installations. Keywords: ballast; bwts; figure; project; retrofitting; scanning; ship; water; week
• cet-14451 by None (None) - The transmittance of surfactants solutions in SN-150 base oil shown in Figure 2. Figure 2: Transmittance of surfactants solutions in SN-150 base oil For the surfactant synthesized from the fatty acid containing a double bond, a significant leap was consistently found compared to saturated fatty acids based ones. Keywords: acid; carbon; chain; fatty; oil; properties; surfactants; water
• cet-14454 by None (None) - This study aimed to analyse and compare the effects of dip-coating with cellulose hydrogel coupons of Acrylonitrile Styrene Acrylate (ASA), polyamide (Nylon®), and Tritan® to produce hydrophilic structures for water uptake from fuels. Therefore, it must be considered that systems utilizing materials coated with hydrogel films exhibit different performance characteristics compared to those using hydrogel particles. Keywords: asa; coating; coupons; hydrogel; nylon; samples; substrate; surface; swelling; water
• cet-14455 by None (None) - However, cellulose hydrogels have limitations such as reduced hydrophilicity and moderate swelling capacity compared to synthetic polymeric hydrogels (Qureshi et al., 2020). This manuscript suggests an innovative alternative to improve the hydrophilicity of cellulose hydrogels: the addition of a second network using sodium acrylate to create an Interpenetration Polymeric Network (IPN). Keywords: biodiesel; cellulose; hydrogel; ipn; network; sodium; swelling; synthesis; water
• cet-14690 by None (None) - Water deluge systems (WDS) and/or water curtains are extensively used for fire protection of cryogenic tanks. Conclusions In the present study the influence of the performance of water deluge systems and water curtains used in fire protection of LH2 cryogenic tanks has been assessed through the estimation of their time to failure. Keywords: cryogenic; fire; protection; rate; systems; tank; variation; water
• cet-14693 by None (None) - Notably, the discussion on amine-based nanofluids highlights their effectiveness in chemical adsorption, with studies demonstrating significant enhancements in CO2 absorption rates, particularly with the inclusion of nanoparticles like TiO2. In some studies, to assess the reusability and reactivation of nanofluid, some tests were carried out by performing five cycles of CO2 absorption and desorption. Keywords: absorption; capture; chemical; co2; energy; mass; nanofluids; nanoparticles; rate; transfer; water
• cet-14726 by None (None) - Identifying primary anthropogenic pollution sources and assessing their relative expected pressures on river water, 2. 2.1 Identification and characterization of the anthropogenic pressures Industrial activities are considered the most significant anthropic pressure that affects surface water quality (Adewumi et al., 2011). Keywords: activities; area; assessment; bqi; data; methodology; pressures; quality; river; surface; water
• cet-14753 by None (None) - In this work, we present a case study of a serious odour episode in Barcelona, where odour emissions from the painting section of an automobile factory, with odour concentrations up to 32,768 uoE/m3 and emission rates up to 8,175 MuoE/h caused significant nuisances near the city centre, about 6 km away from the plant. In order to reliably characterize odour-related problems, to detect the possible sources of odour episodes and to correctly choose and implement the possible solutions (such as deodorisation systems, “ad-hoc” actions, etc.), especially in cases of emissions with highly complex compositions, it is often not sufficient to know the odour concentration in the emissions and/or its extrapolation to immission levels by means of dispersion modelling, as this approach may carry a potential risk that inconclusive or even erroneous conclusions. Keywords: 4m4mp; analysis; emissions; episode; odour; samples; study; water
• cet-14782 by None (None) - The experiment compared the performance of invert emulsion mud at different oil-water ratios (70/30, 80/20, 90/10) and temperatures (250°F and 400°F) to determine the optimum oil-water ratio and temperature for comparison with other primary emulsifiers. The gel strength of invert emulsion mud generally increases as the oil- to-water ratio increases, but this relationship is not uniform and may change depending on the exact composition of the oil-based mud (Palaoro et al., 2022). Keywords: drilling; emulsifier; emulsion; invert; mud; oil; stability; water
• cet-14785 by None (None) - A high contact angle with nearly superhydrophobic and high oil absorption on the alginate/SPI aerogels indicates the successful surface modification of turning the hydrophilic alginate/SPI to hydrophobic in a simple functionalization process. Natural oil absorbents, such as aerogels, have gained attention for being low-cost, environmentally friendly, biodegradable, and sustainable. Keywords: absorption; aerogels; alginate; hydrophobic; isolate; oil; protein; soy; spi; surface; water
• cet-14787 by None (None) - The CO2 hydration rate of recorded 4.93 mM s-1, highlighting MCC incorporated PVDF membranes improves hydrophilicity and CO2 affinity, presenting a sustainable, low energy solution for CO2 capture. This marked more than 40 % improvement of 262 CO2 hydration in comparison with pristine PVDF membrane at 2.25 mM s-1 (Figure 3b). Keywords: cellulose; co2; figure; hydration; mcc; membrane; mmms; pristine; pvdf; water
• cet-1486 by None (None) - Furthermore, pervious concrete containing POFA showed higher water permeability and void content but lower compressive and tensile strength than control pervious concrete. However, the obtained compressive and tensile strength were within the acceptable range which is reported for strengths of pervious concrete. Keywords: astm; cement; concrete; content; permeability; pofa; strength; water
• cet-14983 by None (None) - The findings indicate that increased TWSF content leads to higher chloride penetration. However, the presence of fiber still produces 11 out of 16 mixtures with moderate chloride penetration, where the TW3 mix attains a maximum decrease of 46.98 % against plain SCC, which attains high chloride penetration. Keywords: chloride; concrete; corrosion; fiber; penetration; scc; test; twsf; water
• cet-14990 by None (None) - The percentage removal of BB dye over time is represented in Figure 4a and the column could remove up to 72 % and 86 % for Zn-CS-PVPP and Lac-Zn-CS-PVPP beads respectively after 30 days. Degradation of BB over time in a packed bed column b) Pressure drop along packed bed column length Figure 4: a) Time dependent removal of BB dye from water and b) pressure drop along a packed bed column Acknowledgements This study was funded by National Research Foundation (NRF) of South Africa Keywords: beads; degradation; dye; enzyme; laccase; pvpp; removal; water
• cet-15019 by None (None) - The current state of rain gauge technology is a blend of traditional methods and modern advancements. Rainfall monitoring, conducted with a network of rain gauges deployed across a region, can show how rainfall varies in different places, changes over time, and relates to other types of weather (Veloria et al., 2021). Keywords: accuracy; calibration; data; gauge; iot; philippines; prototype; rain; rainfall; technology; water
• cet-15021 by None (None) - Accepted: 12 November 2024 Please cite this article as: Radelyuk I., Snopkov D., Tan R.R., Zhapargazinova K., 2024, History of water integration in the oil refining industry – a systematic review, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 114, 691-696 DOI:10.3303/CET24114116 CHEMICAL ENGINEERING TRANSACTIONS VOL. 114, 2024 A publication of The Italian Association of Chemical Engineering Online at www.cetjournal.it Guest Editors: Petar S. Varbanov, Min Zeng, Yee Van Fan, Xuechao Wang Copyright © 2024, AIDIC Servizi S.r.l. This paper presents a systematic review dedicated to the application of water integration in oil refineries. Keywords: approach; contaminants; integration; oil; refineries; refinery; review; wastewater; water; water integration
• cet-15046 by None (None) - Using thermal insulation materials has become crucial to ensure the energy-efficient operation of buildings. Currently, over 90 % of thermal insulation materials are made from non-renewable sources, requiring significant fossil energy consumption during production (CMI, 2020). Keywords: building; construction; cornstalk; energy; insulation; materials; products; quilt; straw; water
• cet-15049 by None (None) - Table 1: Summary of calculated parameters that describe water level changes for three different periods Symbol Parameter name Unit Equation ∆h reduced water level change For section D, while the baseline period remains 1953-1992, the period after the diversion considered for calculating the reduction in water levels is 2002-2013, and the effects of water replenishment are examined only in the 2013-2022 decade. Keywords: average; changes; danube; diversion; groundwater; levels; replenishment; szigetköz; water
• cet-15079 by None (None) - The connection between an original technique (MORRA) and multi-recycled aggregate concrete is the unique approach to choosing the optimal concrete mixture from seven options considering cost, water absorption, high performance, and EI. This work presents water absorption and compressive strength testing of re-recycled aggregate concrete with fly ash and silica fumes. Keywords: absorption; aggregate; ash; concrete; fly; results; strength; water
• cet-15108 by None (None) - In some regions, the scarcity of water resources exacerbates the problem, making water treatment a critical issue for both local governments and industries. Opuntia floccosa has shown particular promise due to its high availability in Andean regions, ease of collection, and demonstrated efficacy in previous studies on water treatment. Keywords: coagulant; concentration; floccosa; minutes; opuntia; silica; treatment; water
• cet-15120 by None (None) - The ponding inside utility tunnels coupled with personnel evacuation is analysed as a case study. The results show that the current design of utility tunnels is insufficient for preventing ponding-triggered drowning in heavy rain like the “7.20” rainstorm. Keywords: case; coupling; depth; ponding; tunnels; utility; water
• cet-15299 by None (None) - Through the evaluation of environmental impacts, it is concluded that the most affected component is the soil resource due to various tourist activities that result in the generation of plastic waste and the deterioration of the soil due to the agglomeration of plastic in different areas of the municipality. It reflects a strong consensus in favor of promoting sustainable tourism activities in Mompox, with 54.47% of respondents expressing their full agreement, especially in the 25-40 age group with 27.20%. Keywords: 1,00; 2,00 2,00; 4,00; 4,00 4,00; activities; mompox; tourism; water
• cet-15301 by None (None) - The Yuracyacu River, located in the Elías Soplin Vargas district, is an emblematic case where untreated or insufficiently treated wastewater compromises water quality, impacting downstream users and aquatic ecosystems. These EQS not only act as benchmarks for assessing water quality but also serve as points of international comparison. Keywords: discharge; mixing; parameters; quality; river; treatment; wastewater; water; zone
• cet-15302 by None (None) - Srasri K., Thongroj M., Chaijiraaree P., Thiangtham S., Manuspiya H., Pisitsak P., Ummartyotin S., 2018, Recovery potential of cellulose fiber from newspaper waste: an approach on magnetic cellulose aerogel for dye adsorption material, International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, 119, 662-668. Also molecules steric hindrance plays a role in dye uptake, leading to the conclusion that linear dyes adsorption is less favored with respect to other kinds of molecules. Keywords: adsorption; aerogels; cellulose; co2; drying; dye; dyes; figure; mcc; removal; water
• cet-15331 by None (None) - Conversely, biological treatments are among the most cost-effect and efficient technologies to deal with wastewaters. 5. Conclusions A novel treatment chain was developed and tested with real PWs, by coupling ARED and biological treatment. Keywords: ared; figure; l-1; pws; salinity; sbmbbr; treatment; water
• cet-15333 by None (None) - In that sense, the research aimed to design and build a pentahedral-shaped fog catcher and evaluate its efficiency in capturing fog water compared to a traditional design. Here it can be seen that at low speeds the formation of fog is improved by replacement by new humid air instead of old humid air, but on the contrary, at high speeds it can affect the formation of fog (Imteaz, et al., 2011); However, experiences according to the scientific literature indicate that high wind speeds generally improve fog water collection because fast winds transport more fog droplets to the mesh and can be captured (Park, 2021). Keywords: catcher; collection; design; efficiency; fog; humidity; volume; water; wind
• cet-15336 by None (None) - However, the low pH of HRD water is causing corrosion in the mild steel piping used for water transfer, while its high solids content is leading to blockages and reduced wash flow. As shown in Figure 3(a), HRD water levels remained within safe operational limits, ensuring continued functionality. Keywords: fgd; hrd; power; station; system; wastewater; water; 𝐶𝑟 𝑃𝑒
• cet-15337 by None (None) - The matrices were determined, and water samples were taken from the collection points of the aqueducts and at points that presented mining activity, as well as soil samples; in total, six water samples and three soil samples were taken. I A C E F P R M C II V a lu e F lo ra P la n t c o v e rs a n d p la n t d iv e rs it y Removal of plant material - 8 4 4 4 4 1 1 4 4 2 56 S Excavation - 8 4 4 4 4 1 1 4 4 2 56 S Adaptation of the collection center and camp - 5 4 4 4 4 1 1 4 4 5 50 S Closure and Dismantling of Roads + 7 4 4 4 4 1 1 4 4 2 53 S Revegetation + 6 4 4 4 4 2 4 4 4 2 54 S F a u n a H a b it a t Removal of plant material - 8 4 4 2 2 2 1 4 4 2 53 S Adaptation of Collection Center + 4 2 4 1 1 2 1 4 4 1 34 M Camp - 4 2 4 2 2 2 1 4 1 1 33 M Redefinition and stabilization of collection centers - 4 2 4 2 2 2 1 4 2 1 34 M F a u n a D iv e rs it y a n d P o p u la ti o n Removal of plant material - 5 2 2 2 2 2 1 4 1 1 34 M Ore loading and transportation - 4 2 4 2 2 2 1 4 1 1 33 M Redefinition and stabilization of collection centers + 3 2 2 2 2 2 1 4 2 2 30 M Closure and dismantling of roads + 3 1 2 2 2 2 1 4 2 2 28 M Revegetation + 5 1 2 2 2 2 1 4 2 2 34 M S o c io -C u lt u ra l P o p u la ti o n , e m p lo y m e n t, a n d s o c ia l w e ll- b e in g Labor Hiring Track maintenance Transport; Installation of signage for risk areas Revegetation + 5 2 4 2 2 1 4 4 2 1 39 M + 5 2 2 2 2 1 1 4 2 2 35 M + 2 1 2 1 2 1 1 4 2 2 23 L + 1 1 4 2 1 1 1 4 4 1 23 L + 4 1 2 2 2 2 1 4 4 2 33 M Table 5: Results of the characterization of water samples Parameter Unit Water sample results Parameter Unit Water sample results M1 M2 M3 M4 M5 M6 M1 M2 M3 M4 M5 M6 Turbidity NTU 0.9 2.5 2.5 900 320 16 Nitrites mg/L 0.009 0.013 0.006 0.008 0.008 0.01 pH - 7.97 2.89 2.79 3.73 3.46 6.02 Nitrates mg/L 0.7 12 6.5 0.8 1.2 1.3 Conductivity µs/Cm 18.5 2120 2120 1561 1587 29.9 Ca mg/Lb 4.8 208 224 256 144 8 TDS mg/L 10 1091 1112 770 798 16 Mg mg/L 2.9 87.5 92.3 87.5 87.5 3.4 DO mg/La 6.42 6.84 6.79 6.65 6.87 7.03 Zn mg/L 0.217 1.094 0.871 0.243 Keywords: activities; impacts; mining; paramo; samples; soil; water
• cet-15351 by None (None) - Graphene, a highly conductive material, is widely used in solar desalination due to its excellent electrical conductivity and remarkable ability to absorb solar energy. Design and fabrication of porous three‐ dimensional Ag-doped reduced graphene oxide (3D Ag@ rGO) composite for interfacial solar desalination. Keywords: absorption; cufe₂o₄; desalination; energy; graphene; oxide; rgo; solar; water
• cet-15357 by None (None) - The four main components of these systems are: solar thermal energy collectors, control system, energy storage tank and an auxiliary system for heat supply (Modi et al., 2023). Introduction Among the different types of solar thermal energy storage systems (STESS), the most widespread are those with low temperatures, used to supply hot water and/or heating. Keywords: daily; demand; energy; heat; heating; solar; storage; temperature; water
• cet-15369 by None (None) - Through this method, we have fabricated Ni alloy electrodes NWs that have a very 709 high surface area and good catalytic performance (Carbone et al., 2023). In this scenario, Ni sheet electrodes and Ni nanostructured functionalized with Fe and P for kinetically enhancing HER and OER were prepared. Keywords: alkaline; alloy; cell; electrodes; hydrogen; nickel; nws; sheet; water
• cet-15377 by None (None) - Reduced graphene oxide aerogel with the dual-cross- linked framework for efficient solar steam evaporation. 2023).Among various solar absorber materials, carbon-based absorbers such as reduced graphene oxide (rGO) have gained attention for their superior photothermal properties (Jian et al., 2021). Keywords: graphene; issg; oxide; rgo; solar; steam; water
• cet-15384 by None (None) - Experimental validation supports these findings, showing that PP membranes significantly improve crystal quality and structure. This work underscores the essential role of PP membranes in advancing sustainable and efficient lithium recovery technologies. Keywords: bulk; crystallinity; crystallization; crystals; diffusion; interactions; lithium; membrane; simulations; system; water
• cet-15397 by None (None) - �̇� = ∆𝑚 𝑠 × 𝑡 (2) Where Δm is the change of mass due to water evaporation (kg), s is the effective absorption area (m2), and t is the solar irradiation time (h). Solar-driven interfacial water evaporation hinges on the principle of heat localisation at the water-air interface which in turn leads to extraordinary photothermal conversion potential and water evaporation rates. Keywords: absorber; desalination; evaporation; performance; rgo; solar; surface; tio2; water
• cet-15398 by None (None) - The UAE of lemon basil seeds (Ocimum × africanum L.) produced a lower molecular weight, approximately 480 kDa, in comparison to the SSE of basil seeds (Ocimum basilicum L.), which exhibited a molecular weight of 2320 kDa. Although the primary components of DF extracted from lemon basil seeds, Arabinogalactan, differ from those found in basil seeds, Glucomannan, both types of DF contain uronic acid. Keywords: basil; extraction; fiber; hbs; min; rbs; seeds; water
• cet-15403 by None (None) - a b Figure 2: FTIR of PSA (a) and FTIR of PAam hydrogels (b). These findings highlight the potential of these hydrogels for biodiesel treatment and provides valuable insights for optimizing hydrogel formulations and treatment conditions, contributing to advancements in oil dehydration technologies and the development of hydrophilic materials for biodiesel purification. Keywords: biodiesel; cnc; efficiency; hydrogels; paam; psa; removal; water
• cet-15405 by None (None) - Figure 2: Bed containing hydrogel Raschig rings (W = 0.80 g water/g hydrogel) for water removal from fuels The water-biodiesel emulsion fed into the hydrogel bed was prepared by adding distilled water to biodiesel and mixing it using an Ultra Turrax disperser (IKA, model T65 digital) for 30 minutes at a rotation speed of 4000 rpm. Overall, this work represents significant advancements in the use of hydrogel beds for water removal from fuels, offering a simpler, cleaner and potentially more cost-effective industrial solution. Keywords: bed; biodiesel; hydrogel; raschig; removal; rings; swelling; water
• cet-15409 by None (None) - Conclusions The use of azeotropic distillation with n-propyl acetate overcomes the limitations of binary distillation for AcOH/W separation caused by the pinch point in the liquid-vapor equilibrium near pure water. Azeotropic distillation simulation In AVEVA Pro/II software, after the selection of the UNIFAC temperature dependent (Fredenslund et al., 1975), an initial study was conducted employing the shortcut distillation unit. Keywords: acetate; acid; acoh; binary; column; data; distillation; propyl; simulation; water
• cet-15415 by None (None) - The mean velocity, U, is calculated as the ensemble average of the instantaneous velocity values, u(t), as: 𝑈 = ∑ 𝑢𝑖(𝑡) 𝑁𝑐𝑣 𝑖=1 𝑁𝑐𝑣 (2) where Ncv is the number of validated instantaneous velocities. The trend of the power number for the three mixtures stirred at different impeller speeds corresponding to different rotational Reynolds numbers in Figure 2b suggests that the flow is laminar up to Re=10, while at higher Re the flow is in the transitional regime. Keywords: figure; fluid; impeller; pluronic; rate; shear; velocity; water
• cet-15442 by None (None) - The mass is calculated using the density of the solution while considering that 700 mL of sodium acetate solution was introduced. Table 1 compares the difference in gas phase pressure between the initial and final states of the hydrogen production, as well as the difference in maximum pressure reached. Keywords: figure; gas; pressure; reaction; sodium; temperature; water
• cet-15450 by None (None) - This is consistent with what has been described in several investigations, where chemical coagulants tend to have higher efficiency compared to natural coagulants (Barreto Pardo et al., 2019). The results allow us to identify the 4% NaCl concentration as the best for the preparation of the coagulant from LL, given that with this concentration the highest turbidity removal of 81.3% was achieved using a dose of 4.5 mL/L. Figure 1b shows that the concentration of NaCl does not have a significant effect on the pH of the water, as occurs in experiments carried out with natural coagulants by Carrizales Condori & Enríquez Nateros (2019). Keywords: chemical; coagulant; nacl; removal; seeds; sulfate; turbidity; water
• cet-15457 by None (None) - Regarding soil carbon, the formula CSP=%CS x S was applied; %CS: Percentage of carbon in the soil and S: Quantity of grams of soil (Arévalo y Aponte, 2020). The amount of carbon in the study area (throughout the tillandsial) was obtained using the equation: 𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶 = 𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶 + 𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶; where:CT: Is the total carbon in Amara loma, CA: aboveground carbon and CS: soil carbon 3. Results and discussions 3.1. Keywords: amara; biomass; capture; carbon; loma; plant; purpurea; soil; tillandsia; water
• cet-15458 by None (None) - = tan−1 ( b∗ a∗ ) (4) where L1*, a1* and b1* are the color values of hydrolyzed samples, while L2*, a2* and b2* are the color values of raw flour. According to its larger particle size, the hydrolyzed flour showed a significantly lower (p<0.05) bulk density than raw flour, i.e. 0.5052 ±0.003 g/cm3 vs. 0.6029 ±0.004 g/cm3. Keywords: cake; capacity; flour; food; hemp; hscf; hydrolysis; properties; seed; stability; water
• cet-15460 by None (None) - Assessment of the impact of drying processes on orange peel quality characteristics, Journal of Food Process Engineering, 45(7), e13794. The RW-MW system demonstrated a 65–90% reduction in drying time compared to freeze drying and hot-air methods. Keywords: drying; food; microwave; orange; pomace; system; water; window
• cet-15618 by None (None) - Bioremediation using Escherichia coli also offers a promising alternative, utilizing its mercury bioadsorption capacity to reduce soil mercury levels (Espinoza and Manziny, 2019). Soil samples extracted from mining camps located in the district of Huepetuhe, Peru; which were subjected to three concentrations from mining sites in Huepetuhe, Peru were exposed to iron nanoparticles concentrations of 2.5 mg/kg, 5 mg/kg and 7.5 mg/kg. Keywords: iron; iron nanoparticles; mercury; mining; nanoparticles; sample; soil; water
• cet-15639 by None (None) - Nomenclature Z – total cost, $ EC – total energy costs, $ WC– total freshwater costs, $ XC– total water release costs, $ EP – cost per unit energy, $/kWh WP – cost per unit of freshwater, $/L XP – cost per released freshwater, $/L EDyn – energy used in dynamic segregation, kWh ETrt – treatment energy per period, $ X – utilization of fixed or dynamic segregation, binary FWt – introduced freshwater, L XWt – released freshwater, L Qipt – % allocation between sources and streams, Contamination from urban, agricultural, and industrial activities has further strained this limited supply, making wastewater treatment essential for environmental protection and water security. Keywords: contaminant; cost; energy; freshwater; segregation; treatment; wastewater; water
• cet-15716 by None (None) - Steam Hot air Hot mixture (Steam + Hot air) Cold air Mass flow (kg/hr) 83 323 406 3,800 Reynolds number - - 6,900 1,960 Inlet temperature (K) 376 299 342 289 Water mass fraction - - 0.204 - Total pressure drop (%) - - 6.5 0.64 Water recovery (%) - - 71 - The condensate mass flow rate was determined experimentally using an electronic scale, which recorded the real-time mass of the condensed water exiting the system. The following results were measured using the maximum steam, hot air and cold air mass flow rates and they were intended to compare the experimental outlet condensate flow rate with the estimation from the thermodynamic model, in order to assess the accuracy of the experimental measurements on the heat transfer. Keywords: air; condenser; flow; heat; mass; pressure; steam; transfer; water
• cet-15733 by None (None) - Analysis of water samples from the same area confirmed the presence of polyethylene (PE) and polypropylene (PP), the most widely produced commodity plastics. The low PET content in water samples, despite its dominance in shoreline waste, may be explained by differing sources and transport pathways between land and river environments. Keywords: cm⁻¹; danube; mesoplastics; plastic; river; sampling; vibration; waste; water
• cet-15735 by None (None) - Baker M., Horváth L., White M.S., 2016, Effect of pallet deckboard stiffness on corrugated box compression strength. This study aims to examine whether corrugated boxes that have been exposed to water and subsequently dried can retain sufficient compression strength to allow for safe use. Keywords: bct; boxes; compression; corrugated; doi; moisture; packaging; strength; water
• cet-15740 by None (None) - As additive manufacturing continues to expand into high-performance applications, the demand for sustainable, high- functionality support and binder materials is expected to grow, driving further innovation in the field. Thermal properties comparison of binder materials (solubility, melting temperature, printing temperature, and thermal degradation temperature) Keywords: binder; et al; fff; materials; peg; pla; temperature; water
• cet-15751 by None (None) - A practical comparison was conducted between a conventional irrigation system (based on a fixed schedule) and a proposed fusion system that integrates soil moisture data with weather forecasts. This weather data is combined with soil moisture sensor readings in a Hybrid Fusion Algorithm, which checks both current and predicted conditions to decide when to irrigate. Keywords: arduino; data; engineering; irrigation; moisture; sensor; soil; soil moisture; system; water; weather
• cet-15757 by None (None) - Initial assessment of ZnSe:5%Ag PEG NCs for possible biomedical uses. The XRD results, b) UV-Vis spectra and c) PL spectrum of ZnSe, ZnSe:5%Ag TGA, ZnSe:5%Ag PEG, ZnSe:5%Ag Starch NCs synthesized using different surface stabilizers The UV-Vis spectra of ZnSe:5%Ag TGA NCs, ZnSe:5%Ag PEG NCs, and ZnSe:5%Ag Starch NCs (Figure 3.1b) revealed that the absorption edge of ZnSe:5%Ag PEG NCs was slightly shifted to longer wavelengths when compared to ZnSe:5%Ag TGA NCs and ZnSe:5%Ag Starch NCs synthesized under the same conditions. Keywords: chain; ncs; peg; stabilizers; starch; structure; surface; tga; water; znse:5%ag
• cet-15758 by None (None) - It also helped inactivate oxidative enzymes while reducing the drying duration, hence minimizing phenolic degradation. At drying completion, phenolic degradation in pretreated stems was lower (35.87-48.01%) than untreated ones (56.38-72.83%). Keywords: degradation; drying; energy; order; phenolics; pretreatment; stems; temperature; tpc; water
• cet-15759 by None (None) - The material characterization study indicated a highly porous structure for biochar, which was crucial for metal adsorption. Both biochar and hydrochar were tested as adsorbent materials to remove methylene blue (MB) dye and heavy metals (lead Pb2+, cadmium Cd2+, copper Cu2+, and chromium Cr2+) in aqueous medium. Keywords: adsorption; bamboo; biochar; figure; hydrochar; materials; metals; removal; water
• The Use of Quicklime in Acid Mine Drainage Treatment by Othman, A.; Sulaiman, A.; Sulaiman, S.K. (2017) - SCG suitable to be used as reducing lead content in polluted DOI: 10.3303/CET1756265 Please cite this article as: Othman A., Sulaiman A., Sulaiman S.K., 2017, The use of quicklime in acid mine drainage treatment, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 56, 1585-1590 DOI:10.3303/CET1756265 1585 mailto:anuarpjj@gmail.com water (Lavecchia et al., 2016) because it contains a lot of organic compounds such as fatty acids, amino acids, polysaccharides (Campos-Vega et al., 2015). Many chemicals can be used as AMD treatment besides quicklime. Keywords: amd; figure; percentage; quicklime; reaction; sulphur; treatment; water
• The Effect of PCA-g-MWCNTs Loading on the Performance of PES/MWCNTs Hemodialysis Membrane by Abidin, M.N.Z.; Goh, P.S.; Ismail, A.R.; Othman, M.H.D.; Hasbullah, H.; Said, N.; Kadir, S.H.S.A.; Kamal, F.; Abdullah, M.S.; Ng, B.C. (2017) - DOI: 10.3303/CET1756269 Please cite this article as: Abidin M.N.Z., Goh P.S., Ismail A.R., Othman M.H.D., Hasbullah H., Said N., Kadir S.H.S.A., Kamal F., Abdullah M.S., Ng B.C., 2017, The effect of pca-g-mwcnts loading on the performance of pes/mwcnts hemodialysis membrane, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 56, 1609-1614 DOI:10.3303/CET1756269 1609 mailto:peisean@petroleum.utm.my Modification of PES membrane was done to allow better hydrophilicity (Huang et al., 2012), where it has a positive effect on flux, separation and antifouling performance (Zhao et al., 2012). 2.6 Evaluation of membrane separation performance The PWF, J and BSA rejection, R of the membranes were measured to evaluate the membranes separation performance. Keywords: membrane; mwcnts; pca; performance; pes; pwf; separation; water
• Preliminary Investigation on the Total Phenolic Content and Antioxidant Activity of Pineapple Wastes via Microwave- Assisted Extraction at Fixed Microwave Power by Alias, N.H.; Abbas, Z. (2017) - The extract obtained was then analysed for total phenolic content and antioxidant activity. The aims of the present paper are to determine the phenolic compound and antioxidant activity of pineapple waste and to find the optimum condition at 250 W microwave power by using MAE with the temperature varied at 30 °C, 60 °C, 90 °C and 120 °C. Keywords: activity; antioxidant; content; ethanol; extraction; phenolic; pineapple; value; water
• cet-2129 by None (None) - 393 4. Results 4.1 Exploratory Analysis The samples were collected on August 20th, 2016, to verify the presence of Cr (VI) in the waters of Ciénaga de las Quintas, in addition, pH values were obtained for each point marked in Fig. Few authors have statistically quantified the relationship between sample size or distance between samples, the spatial distribution of variables such as those discussed in this study, such as the concentration of Chromium VI in surface waters of Ciénaga de las Quintas and the pH of the medium and the error associated with the estimation of the mean. Keywords: chromium; concentration; data; values; water
• cet-2131 by None (None) - The objective of this work was to produce and characterize active biodegradable films, by extrusion blow processing, with 58% of thermoplastic starch (29g glycerol/100 g cassava starch), 40% poly (butylene adipate co-terephthalate), 1 to 2 % oregano essential oil, 1 to 2% of nanoclay. Thus, the objectives of the present study were to produce active biodegradable films by blow extrusion of blends of cassava starch, PBAT, glycerol, added of oregano essential oil and nanoclay, and study the effects in the mechanical and permeation properties. Keywords: films; nanoclay; oil; oregano; pbat; polymers; starch; water
• Small Diameter Vascular Grafts Coated with Gelatin by Ferrari, P.F.; Aliakbarian, B.; Palombo, D.; Perego, P. (2017) - 3. Results and Discussion 3.1 Morphology of gelatin coated scaffolds (GCS) control, uncoated scaffolds, gelatin coated scaffolds. Keywords: engineering; gcs; gelatin; pcl; pgs; scaffolds; ucs; vascular; water
• DPD Simulation of Surface Wettability Alteration by Added Water-Soluble Surfactant in the Presence of Indigenous Oil-Soluble Surfactant by Sabirgalieva, N.; Skartlien, R.; Rojas-Solorzano, L. (2017) - Additional emulsion inversion studies confirmed the “Bancroft rule”: oil-in-water emulsions were induced by water soluble surfactant, and water-in-oil emulsions were induced for oil soluble surfactant. 2.1 Case 1: “Water wet to oil wet surface induced by oil soluble surfactant” Wettability of the surface is a crucial characteristic, which describes the relative ability of a fluid to spread over the surface. Keywords: case; oil; surface; surfactant; water; wet
• Valorization of Waste Solvents through Supercritical Water Gasification by Caputo, G.; Rubio, P.; Palumbo, A.; Scargiali, F.; Grisafi, F.; Brucato, A. (2017) - The performance metrics used for the definitions of the product yields in this study are Gasification Efficiency (GE), that measures the conversion of the feedstock to product gases and can be described as the ratio between the sum of the masses of product gases and that of the feedstock and the carbon efficiency (CE) that measures the mass percentage of carbon converted from the initial organic matter towards gases products, according to the formula in Eq(1) and Eq(2): 𝐺𝐸 (%) = 𝐺𝑎𝑠 𝑀𝑎𝑠𝑠 𝐹𝑙𝑜𝑤 𝑅𝑎𝑡𝑒 𝑂𝑢𝑡 𝑚𝑎𝑠𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝑜𝑟𝑔𝑎𝑛𝑖𝑐 𝑚𝑎𝑡𝑡𝑒𝑟 𝑖𝑛 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑓𝑒𝑒𝑑 ∙ 100 (1) 𝐶𝐸 (%) We argue that this behaviour is likely true at low temperature at which conversion of phenol to gas product is very low and the reaction mechanism is still influenced by ionic reactions in the solution. Keywords: acid; carbon; concentration; gasification; mixture; phenol; product; scwg; water
• Potential Assessment of Renewable Energy Sources in Non-interconnected Zones of Colombia, using Geographic Information System - ArcGIS: Study of Cases by Rosso Ceron, A.M.; Blanco Patiño, F.; Araque Duarte, J.; Kafarov, V. (2017) - M. Rosso Cerón, Francy Blanco Patiño, Julián Araque Duarte, Viatcheslav Kafarov* Chemical Engineering Department, Universidad Industrial de Santander, carrera 27 calle 9; Bucaramanga-Colombia kafarov@uis.edu.co The aim of this research is assessing energy potential of solar, wind, hydro, and agricultural residue biomass sources and choose the best option for the municipals of three departments with the highest energy demand in non-interconnected zones of Colombia. On the other hand, the use of developed countries’ software such as METEONORM is not suitable to determine energy potential in Latin America, since its database has no accurate information on weather stations, and data interpolation techniques involve wrong information. Keywords: biomass; chocó; colombia; energy; meta; potential; putumayo; spanish; study; water; wind
• A Matlab-Based Program for the Design And Simulation of Wet Cooling Towers by Arrieta, L.; Obregon, L.G.; Valencia-Ochoa, G. (2017) - The contribution of this article is the development of an interactive educational software named CTw-UA v1.0 to design cooling towers that determine the number of decks from the packings, the tower efficiency, the air flow needed, the dimensions of the tower and the temperature profile inside the tower using the Mickley diagram. The following operating conditions were given for this experience: inlet water temperature (TL2) Keywords: air; cooling; inlet; software; temperature; tower; water
• Influence of the Heating Rate on the Annealing Treatment of Iron Oxide Nanostructures Obtained by Electrochemical Anodization under Hydrodynamic Conditions by Lucas-Granados, B.; Sánchez-Tovar, R.; Fernández-Domene, R.M.; Garcia-Anton, J. (2017) - In this work, electrochemical anodization of iron is used to form different iron oxide nanostructures, and the influence of different anodization parameters was studied in order to find the most suitable nanostructure for photocatalysis applications. In this way, the formation of some vortex over the anode is DOI: 10.3303/CET1757273 Please cite this article as: Lucas-Granados B., Sánchez-Tovar R., Fernández-Domene R.M., Garcia-Anton J., 2017, Influence of the heating rate on the annealing treatment of iron oxide nanostructures obtained by electrochemical anodization under hydrodynamic conditions, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 57, 1633-1638 DOI: 10.3303/CET1757273 1633 avoided, and consequently, the surface of the electrode is stirred and anodized homogeneously. Keywords: anodization; conditions; heating; iron; nanostructures; oxide; rpm; water
• cet-2450 by None (None) - Through the case study, it can be concluded that WENCA is capable to determine the WTP capacity, water storage capacity, fuel cell capacity and battery capacity with better accuracy. The energy, DRt E and water demand, DRt W by the residential are as shown in Figure 2. Keywords: analysis; capacity; energy; plant; resource; system; water
• Use of Biotechnology as Generator of Resistance Mechanism to Water Stress in the Rosa Productive Chain (Rosa indica L. var. Classy) by Suarez Rivero, D.; Marin Mahecha, O.; Ortiz Aguilar, J.; Puentes, A.; Agudelo Gutierrez, L.D.; Suarez Rivero, M. (2018) - Therefore, the main objective of this research was to evaluate the effect of biofertilization with Liplant on the growth, development and water relations of rose plants, exposed to water stress conditions. It was observed that the index evaluated were significantly affected by the pre- established drought conditions, clearly showing a decrease of the biomass in the aerial parts of the plant, being more remarkable in plants without application of Liplant. Keywords: biomass; conditions; dry; leaf; liplant; plants; potential; stress; v.v; water
• Biosurfactant Application as Alternative Collectors in Dissolved Air Flotation System by Silva, E.; Chaprao, M.J.; Silva, I.; Brasileiro, P.; Almeida, D.; Luna, J.; Rufino, R.; Dos Santos V, A.; Sarubbo, L. (2018) - Table 1: Experimental range and levels of independent variables for oil removal efficiency in the pilot scale DAF system with use of the biosurfactant Levels Oily Water Flow (X1)* Microbubble Flow (X2)* Biosurfactant Flow (X3)* Figure 3 displays the fitted response surface plots for oil removal efficiency shown by Pareto diagram of the statistically significant interactions. Keywords: biosurfactant; daf; efficiency; flotation; flow; oil; removal; separation; water
• Optimization of Cooling Water System with Precooling Air Cooler by Zhang, J.; Ren, T.X.; Wang, Y. (2018) - This paper gives an optimization model for formulating cooling water system with air coolers. Souza et al. (2017) studied the hydraulic performance of cooling water system. Keywords: air; cooler; cooling; cost; system; temperature; tower; water
• Crosslinking and Decomposition of Epoxy Resins Induced by Contamination with Water – Assessment of an Industrial Scale Scenario by Tanasini, Pietro; Widmer, Gregory; Raballand, Romain (2016) - Ultimately, decomposition reactions can be initiated, depending on the type of resin, if the self-heating brings the mass to a sufficient temperature. 1. Introduction 1.1 Undesired reactions initiated by water contamination Under certain conditions, epoxy resin are prone to be hydrolysed, causing the conversion of the epoxy ring into a glycol (Lee and Neville, 1967). Keywords: conditions; contamination; decomposition; epoxy; heat; reaction; resin; water
• 1-D Mathematical Modelling of Flood Wave Propagation by Ivanova, O.; Ivanov, M. (2016) - Introduction There are several types of floods, such as coastal floods due to earthquakes, river floods due to seasonal rainfalls, floods due to dam breaches and flash floods resulted from sudden intense rainfall. As we mentioned before, seasonal flood flows are the most common prerequisites of floods. Keywords: areas; discharge; figure; flood; reservoir; river; water
• Catalytic Activities of Bimetallic Catalysts for Low Temperature Water Gas Shift Reaction by Palma, V.; Martino, M.; Pisano, D.; Ciambelli, P. (2016) - Comparative studies, on the activity of ceria/zirconia supported noble metals catalysts, showed the highest activity of platinum in the temperature range 473-593 K (Radhakrishnan et al., 2006), moreover in our previous studies the role of the support was investigated (Palma et al., 2014, 2015), highlighting the excellent performance of the ceria/zirconia system, however, these systems suffer of serious deactivation, by sintering and coking (Zalc et al., 2002), in real process conditions and a high methane selectivity (Torrente-Murciano et al., 2015). A molybdenum promotion effect was recently reported, for Pt-carbon supported catalysts, increasing the turnover frequency up to a factor of 4000 (Sener et al., 2016); while a comparative study of platinum catalysts supported on M-doped cerium oxide (M = Ca, La, Mg, Zn, Zr, Yb, Y, Gd) have shown a promotion effect on the activity, depending on the nature of the dopant, varying in the order of Yb>Gd>Zr>Mg>La>CeO2(undoped) >Ca>Y>Zn (Panagiotopoulou et al., 2007). Keywords: activity; catalysts; cezro4; gas; shift; temperature; water
• Waste Water Treatment of Resorcinol Production by Cheng, H.; Gao, G.; Zheng, S. (2017) - The nitrogen content of ammonium sulphate was determined by formaldehyde method and impurity content of ammonium sulphate was analysed by HPLC. The condensed mole ratio of formaldehyde and organics, neutralized pH value, and the activated carbon adsorption conditions were investigated to achieve the minimum impurities, the qualified nitrogen content, and the best color of ammonium sulphate. Keywords: ammonium; carbon; content; formaldehyde; organics; resorcinol; sulphate; table; water
• cet-3731 by None (None) - As regard the effects of electric charge on mass transfer rate, the pertinent literature provided three main indications related to: i) the reduction of droplets surface tension; ii) the occurrence of turbulence phenomena DOI: 10.3303/CET1652085 Please cite this article as: Di Natale F., Carotenuto C., Lancia A., 2016, Enhanced so2 removal by using charged water droplets, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 52, 505-510 DOI:10.3303/CET1652085 505 on the droplets surface and iii) the occurrence of electrostatic interactions between charged droplets and dipoles of gas molecules, as SO2. CHEMICAL ENGINEERING TRANSACTIONS VOL. 52, 2016 A publication of The Italian Association of Chemical Engineering Online at www.aidic.it/cet Guest Editors: Petar Sabev Varbanov, Peng-Yen Liew, Jun-Yow Yong, Jiří Jaromír Klemeš, Hon Loong Lam Copyright © 2016, AIDIC Servizi S.r.l., ISBN 978-88-95608-42-6; ISSN 2283-9216 Enhanced SO2Removal by Using Charged Water Droplets Francesco Di Natale*a, Claudia Carotenutob, Amedeo Lanciaa a University of Naples, Department of Chemical, Material and Production Engineering, P.le Tecchio 80, 80125 Napoli, Italy, bThe Second University of Naples, Department of Information and Industrial Engineering, Via Roma 29, 81031, Aversa (CE), Italy francesco.dinatale@unina.it This paper reports preliminary results on the absorption of SO2 from water charged droplets, produced by an electrospray operated in dripping mode. Keywords: absorption; charge; droplets; gas; mass; so2; surface; time; transfer; water
• Research on the Model of Public Project Performance Evaluat ion-A Case Study of Water Environment Project by Xu, H.B. (2016) - With this fact as a starting point, this paper probes into the method for urban water environment improvement project performance evaluation. The polar triangle whitening weight function-based grey evaluation method and D-S evidence theory are combined for rational, comprehensive and systematic evaluation of urban water environment improvement project by borrowing the domestic and foreign experience in urban water environment improvement project performance evaluation and making use of the more objective selection of extreme point by polar triangle whitening weight function based on the objective, function and characteristics of urban water environment improvement project performance evaluation on the basis of the predecessors' research findings regarding the method for combining grey theory and D-S evidence theory. Keywords: environment; evaluation; improvement; performance; project; urban; water
• Fabrication of a Polymeric Coating Layer with Unique Micro- Spherical Structure on Water Treatment Membranes by Kasher, R.; Regev, C.; Feinstein, R.; Belfer, S. (2017) - DOI: 10.3303/CET1760022 Please cite this article as: Kasher R., Regev C., Feinstein R., Belfer S., 2017, Fabrication of a polymeric coating layer with unique micro- spherical structure on water treatment membranes, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 60, 127-132 DOI: 10.3303/CET1760022 127 Figure 1: Flat (smooth) vs. spherical coating of membrane surface. In this study a straight, one-step generation of spherical polymeric coating on NF membrane surfaces was performed by emulsion co-polymerization of styrene and polyethylene glycol methacrylate (PEGMA) in water. Keywords: coating; membrane; micelles; styrene; surface; water
• Complete Removal of Persistent Pesticide Using Reduced Graphene Oxide−Silver Nanocomposite by Sarno, M.; Casa, M.; Cirillo, C.; Ciambelli, P. (2017) - A two-step mechanism, involving chlordane degradation by Ag nanoparticles and subsequent adsorption of the degraded products: ether bis(2-chloro allyl), 1,10-dichlorodecane and octadecanoid acid were detected, on the reduced graphene oxide surface, leads to a complete removal of chlordane from water solution in only 11 minutes at room temperature. Gupta S. S., Chakraborty I., Maliyekkal S. M., Mark T. A., Pandey D. K., Das S. K., Pradeep T., 2015 Simultaneous Dehalogenation and Removal of Persistent Halocarbon Pesticides from Water Using Graphene Nanocomposites: A Case Study of Lindane, ACS Sustainable Chemistry and Engineering, 3, 1155–1163. Keywords: chlordane; graphene; nanoparticles; oxide; rgo_ag; silver; water
• Synthesis and Application of Zeolite and Glass Fiber Supported Zero Valent Iron Nanoparticles as Membrane Component for Removal Nitrate and Cr (+6) Ions by Maharramov, A.; Allahverdiyeva, G.; Hasanova, U.; Ramazanov, M.; Di Palma, L. (2017) - As it can be seen from Figure 4 the adsorption capacity also increased from 3.4 to 9 mg/g for ZE-ZVI NPs and from 2.6 mg/g to 7.6 mg/g for GF ZVI NPs. Particularly in the recent years zero valent iron nanoparticles ZVI NPs attract the significant interest as a soft reducing agent, and due to its biocompatibility it can be used in green environmental technologies. Keywords: nitrate; nps; removal; water; zvi; zvi nps
• cet-4051 by None (None) - The property right of the water resources is defined, and an eco- compensation model based on water rights auction is described where the price of water rights is determined under the premise of benefit maximization of the bidders. By water rights auction, the water rights price will constantly approach the true value if the government provides limited quota and clear definition of water rights. Keywords: compensation; eco; price; quota; resources; rights; water; water rights
• cet-4054 by None (None) - According to the relevant inrush accident research report, five kinds of water samples (ordovician limestone water, goaf water, alluvial water, sandstone water, limestone water) are collected from a mine at Huai Nan, An Hui province. Original fluorescence spectrum of water samples 2.3 Keywords: coal; component; fluorescence; lda; number; pre; processing; samples; water
• cet-4445 by None (None) - It can be stated the value of  sC should be significantly decrease in order to reach higher water flux. It can 227 also be stated from this figure that the concentration fall on the sponge layer and on the external boundary layer is also rather high due to its low values at higher value of S and A. Keywords: energy; pressure; solution; value; water
• cet-4449 by None (None) - flavio.manenti@polimi.it This article is devoted to the study of optimal control strategies for reverse osmosis membrane modules with recirculation. In recent years more and more research papers devoted to the development of mathematical models of reverse osmosis membranes have been published. Keywords: concentration; control; flow; membrane; module; mpc; permeate; water
• cet-4653 by None (None) - The use of polyphosphates for calcium carbonate crystal growth inhibition was also investigated (Lin and Singer, 2005) and sodium tri-polyphosphate was found to be the strongest inhibitor in a mono Experimental 2.1 Calcium carbonate crystal growth inhibition experiments Static beaker tests were employed to study calcium carbonate crystal growth inhibition in oversaturated solutions containing CaCl2 and NaHCO3 in the absence and presence of various concentrations of selected inhibitors. Keywords: calcium; carbonate; crystal; inhibition; inhibitors; papemp; scale; water
• cet-4655 by None (None) - The highest recovery was obtained from MIP compared with non-imprinted polymer (NIP) by using a commercial C8 sorbent. The tube was sealed and placed in a water bath at 60 °C for 20 h. As a control, non-imprinted polymer (NIP) was simultaneously prepared in the same manner but without the addition of the template. Keywords: atrazine; binding; mip; monomer; polymer; recognition; template; water
• cet-4656 by None (None) - The TEM images demonstrated that single PDDA layer promote a thinner IONPs deposition with orderly IONPs distribution compared to multiple PDDA/PSS/PDDA layer. Since frequency and dissipation factors owned different time dependencies, direct comparison between the two systems can be evaluated by taking into account of the relationship of dissipation over frequency shift (hereafter known as D-f) in order to eliminate time-dependency as an explicit parameter (Höök et al., 2001). Keywords: ionps; layer; nanocomposite; pdda; polyelectrolyte; pss; silica; structure; surface; water
• cet-4762 by None (None) - Many analytical instruments and experimental methods, such as potential titration, 27 Al nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), small angle X-ray diffraction and scattering, infrared and Raman spectroscopy, laser light scattering, electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy, Al-Ferron colorimetry and other wet chemical methods, have been employed in the study of Al speciation and the structural characterization of Al species. Al species in the electrolyte were analyzed at the end of the electrolytic process. Keywords: al13; aluminium; ferron; method; nmr; pac; solution; species; water
• cet-4969 by None (None) - Bottoms R. R., 1930, Separating acid gases, U.S. Patent 1783901 Budzianowski M.W., 2011, Benefits of biogas upgrading to biomethane by high-pressure reactive solvent scrubbing, Biofuels Bioprod. Rasi S., Veijanen A., Rintala J., 2007, Trace compounds of biogas from different biogas production plants. Keywords: absorption; biogas; co2; column; flow; pressure; temperature; upgrading; water
• cet-5080 by None (None) - Clearly the obtained results showed large deviations with the experimental values, indicating the non reliability of this model to retrieve solubility data for these system types. The use of NRTL for the modelling of solid-liquid equilibria for different ternary systems led to results in a quite good agreement with the corresponding experimental values reported from the literature. Keywords: 0,0; ethanol; liquid; nrtl; solubility; water
• cet-512 by None (None) - Taking into account the increase of concentration ratio of circulating water, Panjeshahi and Ataei (2008) optimized cooling water networks for the purpose of reducing energy and water consumption, by way of a novel technique called the integrated ozone treatment cooling system design based on pinch analysis and mathematical programming, producing the optimization results with minimum cost and environmental impact, as well as maximum energy and water conservation as objective functions. Besides, Shenoy and Shenoy (2013) put forward the unified targeting algorithm and nearest-neighbours algorithm which could be applied to optimize cooling water networks in the proposition that the heat duty was translated into supply-demand relationship between inlet and outlet. Keywords: air; cooler; cooling; cws j; network; sac j; water
• cet-518 by None (None) - Quality and cost value of the final product, as well as the service life of the equipment and industrial safety level, depend on the efficiency of water management systems. For example, technically prepared or demineralized water can be used for distillation; cooling is carried out with circulating water; heating – with water vapour and the drainage can enter either the system of water treatment or the sewage collection system. Keywords: cals; chemical; condensate; figure; steam; supply; system; treatment; water
• cet-5395 by None (None) - Format And Type Fonts CCHHEEMMIICCAALL EENNGGIINNEEEERRIINNGG TTRRAANNSSAACCTTIIOONNSS VOL. 39, 2014 A publication of The Italian Association of Chemical Engineering www.aidic.it/cet Guest Editors: Petar Sabev Varbanov, Jiří Jaromír Klemeš, Peng Yen Liew, Jun Yow Yong Copyright © 2014, AIDIC Servizi S.r.l., ISBN 978-88-95608-30-3; ISSN 2283-9216 DOI: 10.3303/CET1439094 Please cite this article as: Stevulova N., Cigasova J., Purcz P., Schwarzova I., 2014, Long-term water absorption behaviour of hemp hurds composites, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 39, 559-564 DOI:10.3303/CET1439094 559 Long-Term Water Absorption Behaviour of Hemp Hurds Composites Nadezda Stevulovaa*, Julia Cigasovaa, Pavol Purcza, Ivana Schwarzovaa a Faculty of Civil Engineering, Technical University of Košice, Vysokoškolska 4, 042 00 In this paper, the study of long-term water storage of hemp hurds composites at room temperature was made. Keywords: absorption; chemical; composites; fibres; hemp; hurds; properties; water
• cet-5615 by None (None) - This experimental apparatus (Model System) allowed the monitoring of biofilms growth that develops from make-up water entering cooling tower and to test the effectiveness of several additives that are usually used in real systems, in order to control the development of biofouling. 1.3 Monitoring of Biofouling in cooling water system Effective management of cooling water involves the control of biofilm growth through the application of a correct dosage of biocides and the periodic surface cleaning. Keywords: additives; biofilm; biofouling; cells; days; flow; formation; growth; system; water
• cet-5620 by None (None) - A series of treatments was adopted to eliminate solids and biological contaminants, DOI: 10.3303/CET1438015 Please cite this article as: Cicci A., Bravi M., 2014, Production of the freshwater microalgae scenedesmus dimorphus and arthrospira platensis by using cattle digestate, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 38, 85-90 DOI: 10.3303/CET1438015 85 and two set of experiments were carried out: cultures insufflated with only air and cultures insuflated with air 5% CO2 at different dilution ratios of synthetic medium and treated digestate. 3. Results and discussion The potential use of cattle digestate as medium for microalgal cultivation (Scenedesmus dimorphus 1237 and Arthrospira platensis) was investigated; two sets of growth tests were carried out by using mixtures of cattle digestate with tap water (first set) and digestate with synthetic medium (second set). Keywords: air; cattle; digestate; growth; medium; platensis; water
• Hydrogen Production from Landfill Leachate using Supercritical Water Gasification by Gong, W.; Wei, Y.; Li, B.; Huang, Z.; Zhao, L. (2017) - In this study, landfill leachate was treated by supercritical water gasification, in order to obtain the hydrogen from leachate. The results indicated that supercritical water gasification is an effective method to treat landfill leachate with production of hydrogen-rich gas. Keywords: cod; hydrogen; landfill; leachate; pressure; supercritical; temperature; water
• In Situ Bioremediation of Chromium (VI) In a Simulated Ferrochrome Slag by Bansal, N.; Coetzee, J.J.; Chirwa, E.M.N. (2017) - Fe(II) can be oxidised to Fe(III) upon exposure to oxygen in the presence of iron oxidising microorganism (Mesa et al., 2002) such as bacteria species Acidithiobacillus ferroxidans (Liu et al., 2015). In situ bioremediation of chromium (vi) in a simulated ferrochrome slag, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 61, 55-60 DOI:10.3303/CET1761007 55 Cr(VI) to Cr (III) using chemical agents such as sulphur dioxide gas, sodium bisulphite (Barrera-Díaz et al., 2012), and iron salts followed by precipitation to Cr(OH)3(s) (Hawley et al., 2004). Keywords: anaerobic; chromium; concentration; conditions; cr(iii; cr(vi; culture; presence; reduction; water
• cet-6047 by None (None) - In our previous papers (Kidalova et al, 2012) and also (Stevulova et al, 2012), experimental study of the parameters affecting the physical and mechanical properties of hemp composite based on conventional and alternative binders was performed. The found values of thermal conductivity coefficient and density of hemp composites are comparable to other building materials such as aerated autoclaved concrete (for thermal conductivity coefficient: 0.04- 0.17 W•m-1•K-1; for density: 800 – 1,200 kg•m-3). Keywords: chemical; coefficient; composites; conductivity; density; hemp; hurds; material; strength; water
• cet-6582 by None (None) - (Tsiventzelis et al., 2007), supercritical foaming (Mooney et al., 1996), supercritical gel drying combined with particulate leaching (Reverchon et al., 2008), electrospinning in SC-CO2 (Lee et al., 2007). Hydrogels used in TE applications are typically degradable, can be processed under relatively mild conditions, have mechanical and structural properties similar to many tissues and to the ECM, and can be delivered in a minimally invasive manner (Lee et al., 2001). Keywords: alginate; chitosan; co2; drying; figure; pva; tissue; water
• The Optimal Model of a Fluid Machinery Network in a Circulating Water System by Gao, W.; Feng, X. (2017) - 2.4 Superstructure of fluid machinery network in a circulating water system The optimization of a fluid machinery network in a circulating water system actually is the optimization of both the pump network and water turbine network of the circulating water system simultaneously, and the superstructure of the fluid machinery network is shown in Figure 1(4). Pressure distribution analysis on circulating water pump networks. Keywords: cost; energy; fluid; machinery; network; pressure; pump; system; water
• cet-6689 by None (None) - The dough development time was significantly higher (p < 0.05) in the AG enriched doughs than in the control, whereas the Mixing Tolerance Index and elasticity was significantly less (p < 0.05) for control in relation to AG enriched doughs which indicates that the enrichment with AG may weaken the dough. a) b) d)c) 1767 The dough development time (DDT) was significantly higher (p < 0.05) in AG enriched doughs at 3 % and 5 % addition levels than in 1 % AG dough and the control. Keywords: control; development; dough; leavening; mixing; time; volume; water; wheat
• Visible Light Active Fe-doped TiO2 for the Oxidation of Arsenite to Arsenate in Drinking Water by Iervolino, Giuseppina; Vaiano, Vincenzo; Rizzo, Luigi (2018) - In particular, in the case of undoped TiO2 photocatalyst, the concentration of As(III) decreased up to 30 min of irradiation, reaching a As(III) conversion as low as 2%. Accordingly, the aim of this work was to investigate the photocatalytic oxidation of As(III) into As(V) through a Fe-doped TiO2 photocatalyst, synthesized by a facile method, active under visible light irradiation. Keywords: as(iii; as(v; light; oxidation; tio2; water
• cet-7007 by None (None) - Water footprint (WF) represents the total volume of direct and indirect fresh water used, consumed, and polluted. Gerbens-Leenes P. W., Hoekstra A. Y., Van der Meer Th. H., 2008, Water footprint of bioenergy and other primary energy carriers, Value of Water Research Report Series No. 29, UNESCO-IHE Institute for Water Education, Delft, the Netherlands. Keywords: boiler; cooling; energy; footprints; heat; klemeš; systems; water
• cet-7218 by None (None) - In that case, when water asymptotic fouling in one heat exchanger can be determined, we can calculate the coefficient B * in Eq. 4 and use this value to determine cooling water fouling for PHEs calculated for this enterprise on all other cooling positions. Format And Type Fonts CCHHEEMMIICCAALL EENNGGIINNEEEERRIINNGG TTRRAANNSSAACCTTIIOONNSS VOL. 29, 2012 A publication of The Italian Association of Chemical Engineering Online at: www.aidic.it/cet Guest Editors: Petar Sabev Varbanov, Hon Loong Lam, Jiří Jaromír Klemeš Copyright © 2012, AIDIC Servizi S.r.l., ISBN 978-88-95608-20-4; ISSN 1974-9791 DOI: 10.3303/CET1229222 Please cite this article as: Arsenyeva O. P., Tovazhnyansky L. L., Kapustenko P. O. and Demirskyy O. V., (2012), Accounting for thermal resistance of cooling water fouling in plate heat exchangers, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 29, 1327-1332 1327 Accounting for Thermal Resistance of Cooling Water Fouling in Plate Heat Exchangers Olga P. Arsenyeva*a, Leonid L. Tovazhnyanskyb, Petro O. Kapustenkob, Oleksiy V. Demirskyya a AO “Sodrugestvo–T”, Krasnoznamenniy per. 2, k. 19, 61002 Kharkiv, Ukraine; b National Technical University “KhPI”, 21 Frunze Str., 61002 Kharkiv, Ukraine; Keywords: fouling; heat; phe; resistance; shear; stress; wall; water
• Pt/Pd-Fe3O4 Nanoparticles for Removal of Humic Acids and Cr(VI) by Sarno, Maria; Ponticorvo, Eleonora (2018) - Sarno M., Iuliano M., Polichetti M., Ciambelli P., 2017a, High activity and selectivity immobilized lipase on Fe3O4 nanoparticles for banana flavour synthesis, Process Biochemistry, 56, 98-108. Sarno M., Ponticorvo E., Cirillo C., 2016b, High surface area monodispersed Fe3O4 nanoparticles alone and on physical exfoliated graphite for improved supercapacitors, Journal of Physics and Chemistry of Solids, 99, 138–147. Keywords: et al; fe3o4; nanoparticles; removal; water
• cet-9235 by None (None) - DOI: 10.3303/CET1869112 Please cite this article as: Radakovitsch F., Heym F., Jess A., 2018, Gas drying using supported ionic liquids, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 69, 667-672 DOI: 10.3303/CET1869112 667 Ionic liquids exhibit still better handling as adsorbens in supported state than in liquid phase due to often high viscosity, high melting points and, as may be the case, corrosiveness. In the present work a screening of the relevant physical and chemical properties for a gas drying process by supported ionic liquids is conducted. Keywords: emim][meso3; gas; liquids; pure; silica; water
• cet-9238 by None (None) - d. Matteson and Giardina (1974) – SO2 mass transfer coefficient of charged water droplets as a function of the droplet surface charge; e. Carleson and Berg (1983) – Dimensionless SO2 concentration in the liquid phase as a function of the electric field applied to the spray in 200 mL/min of pure SO2 gas. Di Natale, F., Carotenuto, C., Lancia, A., 2016a, Enhanced SO2 removal by using charged water droplets, Chemical Engineering Transactions, pp. Keywords: absorption; charge; chemical; droplets; electrification; gas; liquid; so2; spray; water
• Research on Integration of Heating Network Management and Control Based on Cloud Computing by Chang, Guofeng (2018) - DEIO are mainly responsible for aggregating and coordinating multiple DOI: 10.3303/CET1871140 Please cite this article as: Chang G., 2018, Research on integration of heating network management and control based on cloud computing, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 71, 835-840 DOI:10.3303/CET1871140 835 virtual power plants in the virtual power system. There are not many researches related to cloud network-based integration of heat network management and control. Keywords: cloud; computing; control; data; energy; heating; management; network; system; temperature; water
• Study on the Performance of Alkali-Based Geopolymer under Vacuum and Freeze-Thaw Cycles by Yu, Guanglong; Wang, Hongguang (2018) - 844 4.2 Initial setting and final setting time of liquid water glass based geopolymer It can be seen from Figure 5 that in the slag-based geopolymer activated by liquid water glass, when the modulus of the liquid water glass is fixed, the initial setting time decreases as the water glass addition amount decreases, and the final setting time increases as the amount of water glass addition decreases. Figure 4 shows the effect of the mass ratio of slag to dry powder water glass (sodium silicate) on initial setting and final setting time. Keywords: alkali; geopolymer; glass; setting; slag; sodium; time; water
• Study on Overflow Characteristics and Pollution Control of Sewage Pipe Network by Pang, Shenghua (2018) - Principles and methods To understand overflow sewage water quality changes in the intercepting confluence pipelines on sunny days and rainy days, H sampling points are monitored for several cycles. Improving the flow of river water into pipe network is the primary way to control the pollution of sewage overflow. Keywords: days; network; overflow; pipe; pollutants; rainfall; sewage; volume; water
• cet-9563 by None (None) - PVA hydrogels are non- carcinogenic, non-toxic and easy to process. One of the interesting characteristics of PVA hydrogels is it has DOI: 10.3303/CET1972030 Paper Received: 30 March 2018; Revised: 03 August 2018; Accepted: 21 November 2018 Please cite this article as: Rafeek M.R., Rabat N.E., Nisa Yahya W.Z., Abdul Ghani M., 2019, Adsorption and desorption of nickel (ii) ion by oil palm empty fruit bunch grafted polyvinyl alcohol hydrogel, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 72, 175-180 DOI:10.3303/CET1972030 175 high degree of swelling when immersed in water while maintaining its elastic and rubbery texture. Keywords: adsorption; hydrogel; nickel; opefb; pva; water; wt%
• cet-9567 by None (None) - 201 Figure 1: Water treatment systems for (a) Option 1 and (b) Option 2 Option 2: Closed loop decentralised water supply system using treated bore water for non-drinking domestic applications and the use of TSE for cooling systems. Keywords: compound; energy; option; supply; system; treatment; tse; use; water
• cet-9568 by None (None) - DCPs in Lusail city have been designed to use TSE water and potable water. The O&M cost per m3 of water treatment of Options 1 209 and 2 are 0.24 USD and 0.22 USD, while the O&M costs of existing options, such as MSF, SWRO, Hybrid MSF/MFD and hybrid SWRO are 0.26 USD, 0.35 USD, 0.5 USD, 0.23 USD and 0.35 USD (Almar water solution, 2016). Keywords: carbon; desalination; options; qatar; treatment; tse; use; water
• A Study on Meat Drying Process Using the Porous Media Approach. Part 1: Experimental by Cascone, Giovanni; Sofia, Daniele; Miccio, Michele; Poletto, Massimo (2019) - Water concentration is a distributed parameter: quite often, the assumption of an effective diffusion coefficient De depending on the local water content accounts for water transport inside the sausage (Baldini et al., 2001). So, as input to the model, the data related to experimental drying test were used: 514 Table 4: Code data input with porous media model for the experimental drying conditions Name Value Description Name Value Description T0=Tair=T 303 K Air and meat temperature koswin 10.8e-2 K Oswin constant Xr0 0.75 Initial meat moisture fraction noswin 0.43 n Oswin constant mt 31.997 g Initial meat weight u 0.2 m/s Air velocity Lsample 60 mm Specimen length Duration 3 days Drying time Bsample 22 mm Specimen height Keywords: drying; humidity; meat; moisture; sample; water; weight
• A Study on Meat Drying Process Using the Porous Media Approach. Part 2:  analysis and Mathematical Modeling by Cascone, Giovanni; Miccio, Michele (2019) - So, as input to the model, the data related to experimental drying tests from Cascone et al. (2019) were used: 519 Table 1: Code data input with porous media model for the 1D experimental drying case Name Value Description T0=Tair=T 303 K Air and meat temperature Xr0 0.75 Initial meat moisture fraction mt 31.997 g Initial meat weight Lsample 60 mm Specimen length RH 0.15 Air relative humidity koswin 10.8e-2 K Oswin constant noswin 0.43 n Oswin constant u 0.2 m/s Two semi-empirical correlations for water diffusivity as a function of the local moisture content were selected, i.e., from Saravacos and Datta. Keywords: cascone; diffusivity; drying; meat; optimization; parameters; simulation; water
• Influence of Wheat Varieties, Mixing Time and Water Content on the Rheological Properties of Semolina Doughs by Fanari, Fabio; Frau, Ilaria; Desogus, Francesco; Scano, Efisio Antonio; Carboni, Gianluca; Grosso, Massimiliano (2019) - Phan-Thien N., Safari-Ardi M., 1998, Linear viscoelastic properties of flour–water doughs at different water concentrations, Journal of Non-Newtonian Fluid Mechanics, 74(1-3), 137-150. Amemiya J.I., Menjivar J.A., 1992, Comparison of small and large deformation measurements to characterize the rheology of wheat flour doughs, Journal of Food Engineering, 16, 91–108. Keywords: content; dough; gluten; mixing; properties; semolina; time; water
• A Progressive Approach Towards a More Sustainable Food Industry by Cimini, Alessio; Moresi, Mauro (2019) - The environmental impact of food processing The complete supply chain of the food industry from the production of raw materials via food processing to the consumption and disposal by the consumer is quite complex, as schematically sketched in Fig. Air emissions during food processing may contain fine particles, combustion products (CO, CO2, NOX), volatile organic compounds, and in the case of fish by-products unpleasant odorous contaminants, such as H2S, and (CH3)3N (Dieu, 2009). Keywords: cimini; co2e; emissions; energy; food; ghg; impact; kg-1; moresi; pasta; processing; water
• cet-9876 by None (None) - Finally, TEG purity increases up to a point where it shows an asymptotic trend, meaning that additional heat removal is not effective in further improving TEG regeneration. Coldfinger is a TEG regeneration technology reported to be capable of increasing TEG purity to levels above 99.8 wt.%, but conceptual models of this equipment appear to be lacking. Keywords: coldfinger; gas; purity; section; teg; temperature; vapor; water

• Minimum ignition temperature of hybrid mixtures by Gabel, Dieter; Krause, Ulrich (2019) - Table 2: Single MIT values dust MIT When two or more combustible substances with different states of aggregation are mixed, hybrid mixture explosions can occur. Keywords: dust; hybrid; ignition; minimum; mit; mixtures; temperature
• Self-ignition Behavior of Metal Hyperaccumulator Plants: Influence of Metal Content on their Thermal Stability by Pacault, Stephanie; Laird, Bianca; Sigot, Lea; Laubie, Baptiste; Janes, Agnes; Simonnot, Marie-Odile; Dufaud, Olivier (2019) - A fraction of sample of raw plants was water-washed several times and dried in order to lower its metal content, which was determined by Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICPMS) after plant mineralization using nitric acid. A slightly lower onset temperature of 220°C was obtained by thermogravimetric experiments performed on raw plants. Keywords: heating; hyperaccumulator; ignition; iron; metal; plants; raw; self; temperature
• Explosivity and Flammability of Nanopowders: New Challenges by Breulet, Herve; Sinaba, Tiecoura (2019) - Therefore, the evaluations of the ignitability and explosion violence are essential to minimize the risk of dust explosion. Dust explosion is a phenomenon where a flame is propagating in combustible particles cloud dispersed in the air. Keywords: aluminum; dust; explosion; ignition; nanopowders; size; temperature; tests; vignes
• cet-10205 by None (None) - If the thin slice of unreacted mixture still DOI: 10.3303/CET1977177 Paper Received: 1 January 2019; Revised: 3 May 2019; Accepted: 3 July 2019 Please cite this article as: Schildberg H.-P., Eble J., 2019, Experimental Determination of the Static Equivalent Pressures of Detonative Explosions of Cyclohexane/O2/N2-Mixtures in Long and Short Pipes (part 3 of 3), Chemical Engineering Transactions, 77, 1057-1062 DOI:10.3303/CET1977177 1057 remaining ahead of the front would need longer than about 10 µs to autoignite – and thereby generating the DDT – it would be consumed in the next 10 µs in deflagrative manner and the DDT would not occur. Understanding the observed precompression factors by applying reaction kinetics The precompression factors, which are attained in the precompressed zone of unreacted mixture ahead of the deflagrative flame front at the instant of autoignition, should correlate with the values found experimentally for the ratio R. To understand quantitatively the reason why (1) the R-values of stoichiometric C6H12/O2/N2 mixtures with low O2 concentrations differ from the R-values found for the other three stoichiometric mixtures CH4/O2/N2, H2/O2/N2 and C2H4/O2/N2 at corresponding O2-concentrations and why (2) the R-values drop along the stoichiometric line with rising O2 concentrations, reaction kinetics will be applied. Keywords: bar; idt; temperature
• Comparison of Different Concepts of Condensation Heat Exchangers With Vertically Oriented Pipes for Effective Heat and Water Regeneration by Toman, Filip; Kracik, Petr; Pospisil, Jiri; Spilacek, Michal (2019) - Most vertical heat exchangers in which steam condensation occurs use coolant flowing from the outside of the condenser pipe wall for heat rejection. Mode 2 (the second case) describes steam condensation in a vertical pipe where the coolant flows along the inner pipe wall together with the steam. Keywords: condensation; coolant; heat; mode; pipe; steam; temperature; transfer
• Synthesis of Work and Heat Exchange Networks Considering Practical Operating Constraints by Pavao, Leandro V.; Costa, Caliane B. B.; Ravagnani, Mauro A. S. S. (2019) - By observing stream temperatures (all within a range of 350 to 600 K), it can be stated that this is an above-ambient process and that compression may lead to undesirably high temperatures. Briefly, the simultaneous work/heat integration problem can be described as: given a set of process streams (which can be hot or cold to be expanded or compressed), it is necessary to find the optimal configuration of heat exchangers and pressure manipulators that lead those streams to their target conditions. Keywords: heat; pressure; shaft; streams; synthesis; temperature; work
• Cost Optimisation of a Flexible Heat Exchanger Network with Fluctuation Probability using Break-Even Analysis by Hafizan, Ainur Munirah; Wan Alwi, Sharifah Rafidah; Manan, Zainuddin Abdul; Klemes, Jiri Jaromir; Hamid, Mohd Kamaruddin Abd (2019) - This study presents the cost optimisation of flexible MER HEN design which considers the fluctuation probability using break-even analysis. The motivation of this paper is to present the cost optimisation of flexible HEN for grassroots design considering fluctuation probability, and its trade-off between MER and total cost. Keywords: break; cost; fluctuation; hem; mer; probability; stream; temperature
• Development of Sulphonated Sago Pith Waste Catalyst for Esterification of Palm Fatty Acid Distillate to Methyl Ester by Zailan, Zarifah; Ali, Hilman; Chau, Jia Wen; Jusoh, Mazura; Tahir, Muhammad; Zakaria, Zaki Yamani (2020) - After cooling the sulfonated partial carbonized SPW catalyst, it was filtered and washed with excessive distilled water. One factor at a time (OFAT) method was carried out to determine the optimum preparation condition for sulfonated SPW catalyst and the produced catalysts were characterized to study its morphology, crystallinity, surface area and acid density. Keywords: acid; biodiesel; catalyst; partial; pfad; spw; sulfonation; temperature; time
• cet-10839 by None (None) - Chen, C.X., Liu, Q.Q., Xin, X., Guan, Y.X., Yao, S.J., 2016, Pore formation of poly(ε-caprolactone) scaffolds with melting point reduction in supercritical CO2 foaming, J. Supercrit. For this reason, ecological techniques have been developed to perform this process, such as the use of supercritical CO2 (SC- CO2) (Reverchon et al., 2007b). Keywords: bar; co2; foaming; foams; pores; pressure; temperature
• Numerical Investigation of Cycle Cut-off Criterion on System Performance of Thermocline Tank by Elfeky, Karem Elsayed; Mohammed, Abubakar Gambo; Wang, Qiuwang (2020) - Figure 1: Schematic diagram of packed bed thermal storage system In the present study, making comparison between the system performance with change in the cut-off temperature difference. Thermal energy storage (TES) has attracted considerable attention from researchers around the world because of its effectiveness in terms of efficiency and cost for all applications of solar energy at low, medium and high temperatures (Jiang et al., 2019). Keywords: case; cut; efficiency; energy; htf; storage; tank; temperature
• Numerical Study on the Performance of Thermocline Tank for Hybrid Solar Tower Power Plants using DEM-CFD Coupled Method by Elfeky, Karem Elsayed; Mohammed, Abubakar Gambo; Wang, Qiuwang (2020) - Li B., Ju F., 2018, Thermal stability of granite for high temperature thermal energy storage in concentrating solar power plants, Applied Thermal Engineering, 138, 409-416. The process of thermal energy storage in the 507 thermocline tank keeps the STP plants in operation, the heat transfer process inside this tank during the charging/discharging cycles is of fundamental importance and will be studied in detail in this research. Keywords: energy; htf; region; spheres; tank; temperature; tes; wall
• Investigate the Thermal Performance of Thermocline Tank for Hybrid Solar Tower Power Plants by Elfeky, Karem Elsayed; Mohammed, Abubakar Gambo; Wang, Qiuwang (2020) - Li B., Ju F., 2018, Thermal stability of granite for high temperature thermal energy storage in concentrating solar power plants, Applied Thermal Engineering, 138, 409-416. Zanganeh G., Khanna R., Walser C., Pedretti A., Haselbacher A., Steinfeld A., 2015, Experimental and numerical investigation of combined sensible–latent heat for thermal energy storage at 575 °C and above, Solar Energy, 114, 77-90. Keywords: energy; heat; htf; spheres; tank; temperature; tes; thermocline
• cet-11158 by None (None) - Conclusions Numerical simulations have been performed to investigate on coupling process of supercritical heat transfer and boiler combustion. Numerical investigation of cooling heat transfer to supercritical CO2 in a horizontal circular tube. Keywords: furnace; heat; heat transfer; swirl; temperature; transfer; tube; wall
• Effect of Magnetite Nanoparticles Content on the Magnetic Properties of Polylactide and Polystyrene Composites by Galluzzi, Armando; Murariu, Marius; Raquez, Jean-Marie; Dubois, Philippe; Polichetti, Massimiliano (2021) - The effect of magnetite nanoparticles (NPs) content on the magnetic properties of polylactide (PLA) and polystyrene (PS) matrix has been investigated by means of DC magnetization measurements as a function of temperature (T) and magnetic field (H). Conclusions The DC magnetic properties of PLA and PS matrices filled with different percentages of Fe3O4 NPs have been studied as a function of temperature and magnetic field. Keywords: et al; field; magnetic; nps; pla; properties; samples; temperature
• Solar Selective Absorbing Coatings Obtined by Physical Vapor Déposition : Overview of Different Strategies for Increasing Performance and Efficiency of Photothermal Conversion by Wang, Cong; Ning, Yuping; Song, Ping; Wu, Yongxin; Xue, Yafei; Liu, Yu; Bousquet, Angelique; Tomasella, Eric (2021) - The typical coating structure from surface to substrate consists of an anti-reflection layer composed of a transparent ceramic material that enhances solar transmission, a low metal volume fraction (LMVF) cermet solar absorption layer, a high metal volume fraction (HMVF) cermet solar absorption layer, which forms interference absorption bilayer and an IR- reflective metallic layer that decreases the IR emission. Although the use of solar energy for electricity production using photovoltaic cells is well known today, the use of other technologies such as Concentrating Solar Power (CSP) is under development and could produce 25% of global electricity by 2050. Keywords: absorbing; coating; energy; figure; layer; temperature
• cet-1153 by None (None) - The zero shear viscosity of high viscosity asphalt and asphalt Newton area corresponding to the first uniform shear rate range from the pavement, viscous characteristics of 60 °C can effectively characterize the zero shear viscosity of high viscosity modified asphalt in pavement structure, propose this index as the high viscosity modified asphalt viscosity evaluation key index. 2.2 Experimental comparison of zero shear viscosity and capillary viscosity of asphalt at high temperature Two kinds of high viscosity modified asphalt viscosity of s 60 °C are indeed up to 1*105Pa.s. Keywords: asphalt; performance; rate; shear; shear viscosity; temperature; test; viscosity
• Design and Setup Activities for the Development of Methane Autothermal Reforming in a Jet Fountain Fluidized Bed Reactor by Renda, Simona; Tommasino, Ferdinando; Palma, Vincenzo; Miccio, Michele; Okasha, Farouk (2021) - The technology, known as jetting fountain fluidized bed reactor, is particularly promising for the ATR reaction, as it is able to enhance the heat and mass transport phenomena. The reaction rates of methane steam reforming (SR) and CO water-gas shift (WGS) given by Turchetti et al., (2016) were adopted here. Keywords: bed; catalyst; kinetic; methane; reactor; reforming; temperature
• cet-11807 by None (None) - Table 2: Steady-state performance for all configurations Configurations ηch % ηdisch % ηcyclic % σ % γ % Erecovered (MWh) 33.3 % HPCM - 33.3 % IPCM - 33.3 % LPCM 87.9 83.5 73.4 76.4 74.6 159.2 80 % HPCM - 10 % IPCM - 10 % LPCM 94.9 89.9 84.6 81.5 80.3 203.2 70 % HPCM - 10 % IPCM - 20 % LPCM 89.2 85.5 76.9 82.7 81.5 198.1 60 % HPCM - 10 % IPCM - 30 % LPCM 88.9 83.2 73.9 80.1 78.8 183.8 50 % HPCM - 10 % IPCM - 40 % LPCM 86.1 82.1 71.3 76.2 72.8 154.4 40 % HPCM - 10 % IPCM - 50 % LPCM 84.2 80.9 68.5 72.4 66.3 151.4 30 % HPCM - 10 % IPCM - 60 % LPCM 83.8 79.8 66.4 68.7 59.6 147.4 20 % HPCM - 10 % IPCM - 70 % LPCM 81.7 77.3 62.5 65.1 51.1 132.9 10 % HPCM - 10 % IPCM - 80 % LPCM 77.2 73.6 57.6 60.2 39.2 111.2 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 250 300 350 400 450 500 550 600 Discharging cycle Charging cycle(a) Elfeky K.E., Mohammed A., Ahmed N., Lu L., Wang Q.W., Thermal and economic evaluation of phase change material volume fraction for thermocline tank used in concentrating solar power plants, Applied Energy. 2020, 267,115054 Elfeky K.E., Mohammed A., Wang Q.W., 2020, Numerical investigation of cycle cut-off criterion on system performance of thermocline TES tank for CSP plants, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 81, 499 - 504 Elfeky K. E., Li X., Ahmed N., Lu L., Wang Q.W, 2019, Optimization of thermal performance in thermocline tank thermal energy storage system with the multilayered PCM(s) for CSP tower plants, Applied Energy, 243, 175 - 190 Elfeky K. E., Ahmed N., Wang Q.W, 2018, Numerical comparison between single PCM and multi-stage PCM based high temperature thermal energy storage for CSP tower plants, Applied Thermal Engineering, 139, 609 - 622. Keywords: energy; heat; layer; lpcm; pcm; tank; temperature; tes; thickness
• cet-12213 by None (None) - This work allowed a systematic comparison of the structural and bonding properties among the CnH2n analogs in the physics and chemistry of low temperatures explosions. Determination of maximum explosion pressure of methane-air mixtures at temperatures of T = -20 - 60 °C and concentrations = 2.5 - 16.0 vol.%. Keywords: air; explosion; methane; pressure; temperature
• cet-12216 by None (None) - No No Figure 5 shows the flame development in the test vessel (video captures) performed at 3.3°C. 532 Figure 5: LEP: Flame development (left to right) in the gas phase (liquid temperature: 3.3°C) after spark generation Figure 5 clearly shows the phenomenon of self-sustained combustion (flame detachment, ignition criterion) and not a halo phenomenon as in the case of flash point ignition test. EN 15794, 2009, Determination of explosion points of flammable liquids. Keywords: flash; liquid; nonafluorobutane; point; temperature
• cet-12225 by None (None) - 𝛾𝛾 Arrhenius number 𝐸𝐸𝑛𝑛𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡 𝑅𝑅 ∙ 𝑇𝑇𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖 𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷 Damkohler number 𝐿𝐿 ∙ 𝐴𝐴 ∙ exp(−𝛾𝛾) ∙ 𝜌𝜌𝑐𝑐𝑛𝑛𝑡𝑡 ∙ 𝑃𝑃𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜,0 ∙ 𝑃𝑃𝑖𝑖𝑛𝑛𝑠𝑠ℎ𝑡𝑡,0 ∙ 𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀 𝜌𝜌 ∙ 𝑣𝑣𝑜𝑜 𝑆𝑆𝛿𝛿 Stanton number 4 ∙ 𝑈𝑈 ∙ 𝐿𝐿 𝜌𝜌 ∙ 𝑐𝑐𝑠𝑠 ∙ 𝑑𝑑𝑅𝑅 ∙ 𝑣𝑣0 𝑆𝑆𝛿𝛿𝑐𝑐𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑐𝑐 Jacket Stanton number 4 ∙ 𝑈𝑈 ∙ 𝐿𝐿 𝜌𝜌𝑐𝑐𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑐𝑐 Table 2: Dimensionless variables Parameter Meaning Definition 𝛿𝛿 Naphthalene conversion 𝐶𝐶𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖,𝑖𝑖𝑛𝑛𝑠𝑠ℎ𝑡𝑡 − 𝐶𝐶𝑖𝑖𝑛𝑛𝑠𝑠ℎ𝑡𝑡 𝐶𝐶𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖,𝑖𝑖𝑛𝑛𝑠𝑠ℎ𝑡𝑡 𝜃𝜃 Dimensionless reactor temperature 𝑇𝑇 − 𝑇𝑇𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖 𝑇𝑇 ∙ 𝛾𝛾 𝜃𝜃𝑤𝑤 Dimensionless wall temperature 𝑇𝑇𝑤𝑤 − 𝑇𝑇𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖 𝑇𝑇𝑤𝑤 ∙ 𝛾𝛾 𝑧𝑧 Dimensionless axial coordinate 𝑙𝑙 𝐿𝐿 𝛿𝛿 Dimensionless time 𝜏𝜏 𝑣𝑣𝑜𝑜 𝐿𝐿 Keywords: chemical; controller; jacket; reactor; sensitivity; state; system; temperature
• cet-12229 by None (None) - In higher pressure ranges, especially in reaction systems with solvents with a high vapor pressure, obviously exothermic reactions can occur. With this measurment setting different reaction systems will be observed, and the influence of the different calculation ways for the temperature rise and kinetic parameters will be evaluated. Keywords: chemical; data; kinetic; order; pressure; rate; reaction; safety; temperature
• cet-12729 by None (None) - The composition of bio-oil is presented by mainly oxygen-containing compounds (97.2 and 99.5 wt. % for birch and pine wood sawdust respectively) (see Figure 2). a b a b 1035 3.2 Model compound conversion To determine the optimal conditions for the co-processing of bio-oil and petroleum Keywords: bio; catalyst; oil; pressure; processing; pyrolysis; temperature
• cet-12741 by None (None) - When the effect of different parameters on CO2 absorption capacity was investigated, it was found that the optimal adsorption temperature was 60 °C, and the optimal concentration of the main units was7.5 wt%. CO2 absorption capacity is affected by pressure and temperature, and it is generally suitable for high pressure and low temperature. Keywords: absorption; capacity; co2; concentration; gas; pls; temperature; tepa; zif-8
• cet-12755 by None (None) - One option for improving thermal efficiency in heat pump cycles is to match temperature profiles of the refrigerant with the heat source and heat sink fluids as closely as possible. The COP relates the condensing heat flow, �̇�𝑄𝐶𝐶 to the consumed electric power of the compressor, 𝑊𝑊𝑠𝑠̇ 𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶 = �̇�𝑄𝐶𝐶 �̇�𝑊𝐶𝐶 (5) The Lorenz COP is the maximum theoretical COP that can be achieved when the heat source and heat sink have variable temperatures. Keywords: cop; exergy; heat; temperature; ̇ �; � ̇
• cet-12761 by None (None) - Structural changes of the distillation unit are more complex because they require higher capital investment and more installation time than structural changes of the HEN, which usually require the relocation of existing heat exchangers or addition of ones and the installation of stream splitters (Wang et al., 2021). Such integration is usually applied in heat exchanger networks and in the preheating train of processes. Keywords: analysis; cold; consumption; crude; energy; exchanger; heat; naphtha; pinch; temperature
• cet-12768 by None (None) - Thermal energy storage for waste heat recovery in the steelworks: The case study of the REslag project. Thermal energy storage–overview and specific insight into nitrate salts for sensible and latent heat storage. Keywords: capacity; energy; heat; material; phase; ratio; storage; tank; temperature; tes
• cet-12836 by None (None) - The aims of this new work are: 1) to describe the 2000-2021 meteorological and functioning trends that could be affected by climate change (air temperature, wastewater temperature at the entrance of the station, cumulative rainfall, number of dry days) 2) to determine if the observed trends could lead to an increase of H2S major peak emission risk using the correlation established on the previous work 3) to characterize if possible the future trends with the projections of Paris Climate Agency (APC) 2020 report. 3. Results 3.1 Effect of air and water temperatures changes Impact of the air and water temperature evolutions In the SAN indicator study, we highlighted the relationship between the risk of a major H2S peak (> 5 ppm) at the plant entrance as a function of air and wastewater temperature. Keywords: h2s; increase; risk; siaap; study; temperature; wastewater
• cet-12857 by None (None) - The mechanical properties (tension, compression, and bending) of PLA and polyethylene terephthalate glycol (PETG) were increased by increasing printing temperatures (Hsueh et al., 2021). The limit printing conditions (support and extruder temperatures, printing speed) should be set by considering that, once deposited on platform, the extruded material should be at higher temperatures than 120 °C at least for 1s to realize good bonding between the layers. Keywords: frequency; material; printing; properties; temperature; time
• cet-12859 by None (None) - Membrane processes in different industries have already been analysed, and their benefits have been proved over time (Cassano & Drioli, 2014). Results and Discussion The performance of UF membranes on decolourization and sugar permeability was investigated considering different operating conditions. Keywords: colour; flux; hydrolysates; membrane; permeate; starch; sugar; temperature
• cet-12879 by None (None) - This allowed the effect of average thermal conductivity of catalyst bed on potential maximum productivity to be studied. Yes Yes 3. Results and discussion 3.1 Effect of thermal conductivity of catalyst bed Based on the validated FBR model, simulations were performed by enhancing the average thermal conductivity of the catalyst bed to 5 times and 25 times that of the base case. Keywords: bed; catalyst; catalyst bed; conductivity; fts; rate; reaction; temperature
• cet-12889 by None (None) - In general, the liquid products from biomass pyrolysis reach a maximum in the temperature range 400–550 °C and decrease with further increase of pyrolysis temperature, as the secondary reactions and decompositions dominate, causing enhancement of gas yield at the expense of char and liquid product yields (Akhtar and Saidina Amin 2012). The difference in liquid product yields is partially explained due to higher content of lignin in softwood bark and higher contents of hemicellulose/cellulose in hardwood bark (Garcìa- Pérez et al. 2007). Keywords: biomass; birch; composition; gas; products; pyrolysis; spruce; temperature; wood; yield
• cet-12890 by None (None) - 3.2 Analysis of the removal efficiency, pressure, and temperature with respect to the equilibrium formation of Fe2O3 Figure 1a describes the effects of molecular oxygen removal efficiency and pressure at a constant temperature of 520 °F. Figure 1b depicts the effects of molecular oxygen removal efficiency and temperature at constant pressure of 800 psia. Keywords: corrosion; equilibrium; formation; oxygen; pressure; removal; removal efficiency; respect; temperature
• cet-13054 by None (None) - Mo/HZSM-5 is a catalyst that catalyzes methane conversion through a bifunctional mechanism. c. Figure 3 – Methane conversion (%) over different temperatures (K) Figure 4 – ( ) Simulation and ( ) Experimental millimolar flow (mmol/h) of the products from direct non- oxidative methane conversion a) benzene b) ethylene and c) hydrogen. Keywords: benzene; catalyst; conversion; hydrogen; methane; reaction; reactor; temperature
• cet-13065 by None (None) - The last series of tests was aimed at evaluating the effectiveness of the precipitation process under conditions of lithium concentration below 200 ppm. However, low lithium concentrations of less than 1 g/L do not allow the use of carbonates as precipitation reagents. Keywords: brine; concentration; lithium; phosphate; ppm; precipitation; recovery; salt; solution; temperature
• cet-13073 by None (None) - One method for increasing the activity could be the doping of TiO2 structure, that can induce defects in the semiconductor lattice 255 mailto:osacco@unisa.it and decrease the band-gap energy, increasing the photocatalytic efficiency. Langlet M., Kim A., Audier M., Herrmann J. M. s.d. «Sol-Gel Preparation of Photocatalytic TiO2 Films on Polymer Substrates», 12. Keywords: irradiation; light; temperature; tio2
• cet-13077 by None (None) - Ishaug S. L., Crane G. M., Miller M. J., Yasko A. W., Yaszemski M. J., Mikos A. G., 1997, Bone formation by three-dimensional stromal osteoblast culture in biodegradable polymer scaffolds, Journal of Biomedical Materials Research, 36(1), 17–28. Pantić M., Knez Ž., Novak Z., 2016, Supercritical impregnation as a feasible technique for entrapment of fat- soluble vitamins into alginate aerogels, Journal of Non-Crystalline Solids, 432, 519–526. Keywords: co2; engineering; foaming; impregnation; pedot; pressure; scaffolds; temperature; tissue
• cet-13108 by None (None) - Feng X., Ouyang M., Liu X., Lu L., Xia Y., Hea X., 2018, Thermal runaway mechanism of lithium ion battery for electric vehicles: A review, Energy Storage Materials, 10, 246–267. Wang Q., Ping P., Zhao X., Chub G., Sun J., Chen C., 2012, Thermal runaway caused fire and explosion of lithium ion battery, Journal of Power Sources, 208, 210–224. Keywords: air; cell; ion; temperature
• cet-13117 by None (None) - Due to the high mixing degree of pulverized coal and combustion air in tangential boilers, they are mainly used in South African power plants for coal combustion. The combustion air inlet temperature, pressure, density and viscosity of coal vary by boiler level. Keywords: airflow; boiler; coal; combustion; pressure; sampling; temperature
• cet-13139 by None (None) - Linear models to estimate maximum degradation temperature (Tmax) on PS TGA. As a first stage, a visual representation through box plots (25-75% quartiles) describing the mean (±95% confidence intervals), and outliers were analyzed to compare the distributions and observe the influence of heating rate on maximum degradation temperature degradation in PS pyrolysis. Keywords: data; degradation; heating; models; pyrolysis; temperature; 𝑇𝑚𝑎𝑥
• cet-13147 by None (None) - For the gelatin extraction from janitor fish skin and bones, the Gudmundsson and Hafsteinsson method of fish gelatin extraction was used. Based on the results, it can be concluded that janitor fish skin and bones have the potential to be used as raw material for bioplastic production. Keywords: bioplastic; fish; gelatin; janitor; materials; response; skin; sorbitol; strength; temperature; tensile; time
• cet-13148 by None (None) - McIntosh, G. E.,1994, Layer by layer MLI calculation using a separated mode equation. In this work, a one-dimensional model to evaluate MLI thermal degradation when a liquid hydrogen tank is exposed to fire is presented. Keywords: case; degradation; fire; heat; hydrogen; layer; liquid; mli; pressure; temperature
• cet-13155 by None (None) - As exhibited in Figure 4, considerably lower methanol yield was obtained with InZr metallic catalyst as compared with CuZnZr. For preparing CuZnZr catalyst, with a Cu:Zn:Zr ratio of 2/1/1, an aqueous solution of Cu(NO3)2, Zn(NO3)2 and ZrO(NO3)2 (1 M) and an aqueous solution of Na2CO3 (1 M) as precipitant agent were prepared, and added dropwise over distilled water at a constant temperature of 70 ºC and a pH of 7. Keywords: catalyst; co2; cuznzr; hydrocarbons; inzr; methanol; temperature
• cet-13162 by None (None) - Increasing the dosing time enhances the process safety because it permits the shift of the RB towards higher setpoint temperatures; this means that it is possible to work at higher temperatures avoiding the loss of temperature control. Finally, another important aspect emerged from Figure 3: temperature controller parameters must not be changed without looking at their corresponding runaway boundaries; this means that they shouldn’t be considered as mere operating parameters which can be set directly online without further investigation. Keywords: control; octanone; parameters; reactor; temperature; time
• cet-13167 by None (None) - Effects of multi-tube arrangement of lattice, concentric circles and single circle, shell cross-sectional shape of circle, rectangle and ring, and reaction tubes with or without catalyst-free inert sections on the reactor performance were investigated by CFD. 3.3 Step 2: MTR design Since the production volume of the double-tubular reactor designed in the previous section was 54.3 g/day, the number of reaction tubes required to achieve the target production volume is 25. Keywords: design; distribution; fluid; mtr; reaction; temperature; tube
• cet-13170 by None (None) - EF was the author of an article titled “Circumstances affecting the Heat of the Sun’s Rays” which contains some statements about a higher temperature increase of carbon dioxide with respect to air when heated by the sun's rays. This article is considered by some science historians as the first experimental proof of the greenhouse effect of carbon dioxide, a theme that is mentioned by the media every day. Keywords: air; carbon; carbon dioxide; dioxide; heat; table; temperature
• cet-13193 by None (None) - PS reformation using V2O5/V2O4 as a redox catalyst is thermodynamically beneficial because the main reactions in the process are exothermic: ΔH = -54.5 kJ/mol-C for Eq(3) and ΔH = -247.0 kJ/mol-O for Eq(9). Nomenclature nC,gas – quantity of carbon atoms in the gas, mol nCO – quantity of CO in gas, mol nCO2 – quantity of CO2 in gas, mol nC,polymer – quantity of carbon atom in polymer, mol SCO – CO selectivity, % wPS – weight of PS, % wV2O5 – weight of V2O5, % w* V2O5/PS – scale weight rate of V2O5/PS, % XC – carbon yield, % XCO – CO yield, % XV2O5 – fraction of consumed V2O5, % XC – carbon conversion, % ΔH – enthalpy of reaction, kJ/mol ω – scaling factor of w* V2O5/PS, - References Achilias D.S., Kanellopoulou I., Megalokonomos P., Antonakou E., Lappas A.A., 2007, Chemical recycling of polystyrene by pyrolysis: Potential use of the liquid product for the reproduction of polymer, Macromolecular Materials and Engineering, 292, 923–934. Keywords: chemical; reaction; recycling; temperature; v2o5
• cet-13194 by None (None) - Overall efficiency ( en ) 2 2 100 SYGN SYGN H H en T,SOEC T,GAS EFB EFB N LHV N LHV W Q Q M LHV  + =  + + + (30) 3. Results and discussions 3.1 Effect of cell temperature of SOEC on overall IBG-SOEC performance In this section, the effect of cell temperature of SOEC on the IBG-SOEC performance was investigated by varying the cell temperature in a range of 700-850 °C at constant number of cells of 400. Thailand b Department of Basic Science and Physical Education, Faculty of Science at Sriracha, Kasetsart University Sriracha Campus, Chonburi 20230, Thailand c Program in Food Process Engineering, School of Food-Industry, King Mongkut’s Institute of Technology Ladkrabang, Bangkok 10520, Thailand karittha.im@kmitl.ac.th The integrated biomass gasification and SOEC process (IBG-SOEC), which O2 from SOEC was used as gasifying agent while the separated H2 could be used for H2/CO adjustment or sell as a valuable byproduct, was studied to find the sustainable syngas production process. Keywords: biomass; cell; soec; syngas; temperature
• cet-13485 by None (None) - Since the aforementioned GDC layer fabrication process (Coppola et al. 2020; Coppola et al. 2018b) has proved feasible also in the case of industrial scale SOFC (Coppola et al. 2021, Coppola et al.2023), it is interesting and noteworthy to achieve a deeper understanding of microscopic differences among sputtered GDC thin film barrier layer as a function of post-growth annealing treatment in view of further optimization of industrial scale SOFCs. d National Research Council CNR-IOM, TASC National Laboratory, I-34149 Trieste, Italy e SolydEra S.p.A., Viale Trento 117, 38017 Mezzolombardo (TN), Italy f National Research Council CNR-SPIN, Area della Ricerca di Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy ncoppola@unisa.it In previous works, we reported that Solid Oxide Fuel Cells (SOFCs), having a room-temperature sputtered and then annealed GDC thin film as the cathode/electrolyte barrier layer, had showed a huge increase of the output current (up to +78%) and a decrease of the ohmic resistance (up to -42%) as compared to fully screen-printed industrial SOFCs. Keywords: annealing; coppola; gdc; oxygen; sample; temperature; xas
• Effect of Feedstock and Temperature on the Distribution of Heavy Metals in Char from Slow Steam Pyrolysis of Contaminated Biomasses by Giudicianni, P.; Pindozzi, S.; Grottola, C.M.; Stanzione, F.; Faugno, S.; Fagnano, M.; Fiorentino, N.; Ragucci, R. (2017) - Ca Mg Fe Cd Cu Pb Zn mg/kg dry basis Branches 206 248 468 4477 9407 836 132 2 8 60 50 Leaves 573 1854 1088 3596 38015 2325 477 10 63 423 118 3.2 Pyrolysis test Figure 1, panels a and b, shows the products yields obtained from pyrolysis tests of branches and leaves, respectively, at three different temperatures 653, 753 and 873 K. For both the samples, the char yield decreases with pyrolysis temperature due to the increased loss of condensable volatiles (indicated in the figure as “liquid”) and permanent gases (indicated in the figure as “gas”). The results showed that, in presence of Cd, if pyrolysis temperature is higher than 653 K, it is not possible to obtain a free heavy metals vapor phase. Keywords: biomass; branches; char; leaves; metals; pyrolysis; temperature
• cet-13504 by None (None) - Microwave treatment is most effective on liquid water and is less effective on fats and sugars because of their molecular dipole moment (Sutar and Prasad, 2007). Therefore, the first step of the research involved the evaluation of the effects of microwave treatments on the mortality of one of the most feared insects (E. kuehniella) during the almond’s storage phase. Keywords: almonds; compounds; heating; microwave; rpm; temperature; treatment; uniformity
• cet-13508 by None (None) - The chromatogram (Figure 1) shows that the elution of Tvir30 occurred over two fractions, as evidenced by the peak in absorbance at 280 nm and the corresponding peak in β-1,6-glucanase activity. Absorbance at 280 nm is represented by blue points and enzyme activity against pustulan at 30oC, pH 6.0 by orange points. Keywords: activity; enzyme; figure; glucanase; hydrolysis; substrate; temperature; tvir30; β-1,6
• cet-13523 by None (None) - The results obtained in this study should not surprise if we consider that oleogels, based on the immobilization of oil in a gel structure, were found to oxidize slower than bulk oil and, therefore, the oleogel technology is often used as a method to prevent oil oxidation (Willet and Akoh, 2019; Vellido-Perez et al., 2019; Hwang et al., 2018). In particular, non-isothermal DSC (linear heating rate, β) has been applied in several studies of edible oils oxidation (Qi et al., 2016; Martinez-Monteagudo et al., 2012; Keywords: dsc; evoo; min; oil; oleogel; oxidation; rate; temperature
• cet-13714 by None (None) - Comparing the results reported for the different cells (Table 2), the CID-activation occurs at lower temperatures for NCA cell than for LFP cell and it is not detected for LTO cell. These results agree with the higher stability of LFP and LTO cells with respect to NCA cell. Keywords: abuse; cells; ion; lithium; lto; nca; temperature
• cet-13718 by None (None) - Dieter Gabel*, Joshua Huether Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany gabel@ovgu.de The Nex-Hys Project, funded by the German Federal Ministry of Economy as part of the WIPANO frame program, aimed to develop standards for safety characteristics of hybrid mixtures. The setup- up generally proved to be able to test for the MIT of hybrid mixtures without violating existing values. Keywords: dust; hybrid; mit; mixtures; oven; standard; temperature
• cet-13721 by None (None) - Autogenous Ignition temperature of acetonitrile under oxygen pressure] Test Overpressure It can be concluded that a safe operation of aerobic processes in acetonitrile under pure oxygen pressure of 100 bar is safe at temperature up to 150 °C. Keywords: bar; figure; oxygen; pressure; reactors; safety; temperature
• cet-13748 by None (None) - The similitude analysis was applied to build a correlation using available data from 78 experiments in the wide range of hydrogen storage pressure of 0.5- 65.0 MPa, temperature of 80-300 K and release diameter of 0.5-52.5 mm. The similarity law for hydrogen concentration decay in momentum-dominated jets is proven to be applicable to cryogenic hydrogen releases. Keywords: cfd; cryogenic; hydrogen; ignition; jet; models; pressure; release; storage; temperature
• cet-13784 by None (None) - The main objective of this review is to survey studies on the self-ignition of biocarbons by correlating them to biocarbon production and storage conditions and provide background information for safe transportation and storage of biocarbon. Temperature history of biocarbon samples during self-heating test 273 As shown in Figure 2, the temperature measured from the sample IBP1 increases sharply, continuously to a value over 200°C, indicating temperature runaway and self-ignition of the sample under the tested condition(Riva et al. 2020). Keywords: biocarbon; et al; heating; ignition; sample; self; storage; temperature
• cet-13801 by None (None) - The mechanical properties and printing accuracy did not appear to be severely impacted by an increase in printing speed from 70 to 130 mm/s at least for simple geometries and small sample sizes. In this work, commercially available filaments made from neat and wood filled polylactide were extruded in a 3D printer in different operating conditions (i.e., by changing printing speed and nozzle temperature). Keywords: energy; pla; printing; speed; temperature
• cet-13808 by None (None) - The research broadens the application potential of ejector systems by showing its adaptability to various systems and refrigerants. Roman R., Hernandez J. I., 2011, Performance of ejector cooling systems using low ecological impact refrigerants, International Journal of Refrigeration, 34, 7, p. 1707-1716, 420 19fingas.pdf Performance Analysis of the R290 Variable Geometry Gas Ejector Application for Other Refrigerants Keywords: ejector; fluid; geometry; nozzle; r290; refrigerants; temperature
• cet-13810 by None (None) - In high enthalpy geothermal applications, muds become thinner and more unstable. To withstand high temperatures, no elastomeric seals and heat-sensitive parts can be used near the bit. Keywords: applications; cement; drilling; energy; geothermal; temperature
• cet-13829 by None (None) - In this paper, an HTG Aspen Plus model with Gibbs free energy minimization is developed to study the effect of process parameters in biogas digestate HTG. It was also found that higher ash contents led to increased H2 yield, lower CO2 and CH4 contents, and higher total product gas yield. Keywords: biogas; composition; concentration; feedstock; gas; htg; temperature; yield
• cet-14415 by None (None) - Honarvar et al. (2013) noted that the axial dispersion coefficient and mass transfer coefficient decreased with increased pressure. The findings also show that as the pressure increased, the reliance of the diffusion coefficient on temperature reduced which is also indicated by the decrease in the slopes for the diffusion, dispersion, and mass transfer coefficients when the pressure was elevated. Keywords: co2; coefficient; extraction; marula; mass; oil; pressure; temperature; transfer
• cet-14450 by None (None) - The operation of the gasifier was rather unstable in the last setpoint, which was observed as very large variation in bed temperatures and bed pressure drops. 1/3S+2/3D 0.25 1.67 0 0 3.0 3.5 882 895 2.6 2.9 46.7 S 0.25 0.91 0 0.6 4.2 2.0 740 825 1.3 2.3 41.6 S 0.5 0.61 0 0.89 4.2 1.7 704 826 1.0 2.2 38.1 S 0.5 0.41 0 1.29 4.2 1.7 706 863 0.93 2.2 37.2 - 0 0.29 0 1.34 4.2 1.7 661 859 0.86 2.2 37.2 Dry gas composition, vol% CO CO2 H2 N2 (as difference) CH4 C2Hy C3-C5Hy H2O in wet gas, vol% 16.3 22.6 27.5 28.4 4.19 1.01 0 32.2 12.2 20.3 18.3 42.2 4.46 1.53 0.02 27.9 13.0 20.0 16.8 44.3 4.46 1.45 0.02 29.3 14.0 19.1 18.6 43.3 3.90 1.02 0 31.9 13.7 18.8 18.7 44.0 3.78 0.98 0 31.6 Tars + benzene, g/m3 STP 10.5 14.9 14.3 9.3 9.3 Filter temperature, °C Dust content in filter inlet, g/m3 STP Filter pressure drop, mbar Filter face velocity, cm/s 550 25 27 1.8 548 38 35 1.6 548 64 39 1.4 522 90 36 1.4 516 65 36 1.4 C-conversion to gas and tars, % 93.5 85.7 75.5 67.5 66.6 * S + P3: The mixture of sand and Myanit limestone, ** STP: at 273.15 K and 101,325 kPa Figure 4: Carbon conversions in BCFB gasification tests. Keywords: bed; biochar; cfb; feed; gasification; gasifier; reformer; temperature
• cet-14470 by None (None) - After thermodynamic analysis, we directed the focus towards process simulation in Aspen Plus for a better understanding of the overall process for DME synthesis. Subsequently, methanol undergoes dehydration in reaction (7) with DME synthesis catalysts. Keywords: co2; dme; methanol; pressure; reaction; synthesis; temperature
• cet-14488 by None (None) - The aim of this study is to investigate the impact of key variables, namely temperature (240-300 ºC), initial biomass load (5-15 % w/w), and reaction time (20-60 min), on biocrude yields and their higher heating value (HHV). Secondary degradation and Boudouard gas reactions are the main mechanisms for reducing biocrude yield at higher temperatures (Brindhadevi et al., 2021). Keywords: biocrude; biomass; htl; hydrothermal; liquefaction; microalgae; min; phase; reaction; reactor; temperature; yield
• cet-14490 by None (None) - Moreover, higher reaction times do not lead to an increase in HHV (see Figure 2B). At intermediate conditions, Niaz et al. (2020) studied HTL of Saccharina japonica obtaining a yield of 20.3% at 300ºC, 60 minutes and 9% of biomass loading, and Crespo et al. (2021) obtained the highest yield (10.25%) at temperatures of 300°C, reaction times of 60 min and Sargassum polyceratium biomass loading of 10%. Keywords: biocrude; biomass; hhv; htl; hydrothermal; liquefaction; reaction; temperature; yield
• cet-14700 by None (None) - The critical properties of hydrogen and the two lightest components of natural gas methane, and ethane are summarized in Table 1. The reduction of carbon dioxide generated using natural gas for electric energy production or domestic usage is the main factor suggesting the addition of hydrogen. Keywords: depressurization; fluid; gas; hydrogen; methane; pipeline; simulation; temperature
• cet-14707 by None (None) - For ambient temperatures below 50 °C the CID activated correctly, cutting off the current and thus blocking further increase in cell temperature. Two test campaign, Li et al. (2020) and Li et al. (2022), measured the activation pressure of CID and safety vent at ambient temperature (22 °C) and high temperature (100 °C) on four brands of 18650 cells, achieving lower activation pressure with temperature increase for both the protection devices in all cell types tested. Keywords: cell; current; overcharge; temperature; voltage
• cet-14712 by None (None) - 557 Nomenclature �̅�𝑖 – adsorbed concentration, mol/kg 𝑞𝑖 ∗ – equilibrium adsorbed concentration, mol/kg 𝐾𝑖 – mass transfer coefficient, 1/s 𝐶𝑖 – concentration in gas phase, mol/m3 𝐷𝐿,𝑖 – material dispersion coefficient, m2/s 𝜀 – column void fraction, - 𝜌𝑃 – particle density, kg/m3 𝐶 – total gas concentration, mol/m3 �̂�𝑝,𝑔 – gas phase specific heat, J/(mol K) 𝑇 – gas phase temperature, K 𝑝 – pressure, Pa 𝐷𝑇 – energy dispersion coefficient, W/(m K) 𝑢 – superficial gas velocity, m/s 𝑓𝑃𝐷 – Ergun friction factor, Pa/m 𝛽𝑝 – particle surface / particle volume, 1/m ℎ – heat transfer coefficient, W/(m2 K) Typically, in the chemical industry, adsorption processes can be divided into two major categories depending on the amount of pollutant present in the contaminated stream. Keywords: co2; column; gas; parameters; phase; temperature
• cet-14737 by None (None) - The Taguchi design was used with 8 treatments that were formulated through the following factors: OD concentration (40-60°Brix), OD temperature (20-40°C), OD time (1-8hr), HAD temperature (45-65°C) and HAD time (1-2hr), at 5% significance. 3. Results and Discussion 3.1 Optimización de los parámetros del proceso de deshidratación Table 1 presents the results of the variable (% final moisture) of the dehydrated tree bread, showing that the lowest percentage of moisture was reported with T4 (40° Brix, 40°C, 8hrs in OD and at 65ºC, for 2 hrs in HAD drying) and T6 (60° Brix, 20°C, 8hrs in OD and at 65ºC, for 2 hrs in HAD drying) with averages of 16.75 and 16.23% moisture, respectively. Keywords: bread; drying; fruit; moisture; product; temperature; time
• cet-1475 by None (None) - Figure 7: Correlation between daily air conditioner electric consumption and outdoor air temperature for 10 dwellings during measurement period. The similar condition is also observed for air conditioner usage which is fluctuated from 0.2 to 23.7 kWh. Keywords: air; conditioner; consumption; electricity; energy; temperature
• cet-14754 by None (None) - Figures 1, 2, 3 and 4 represent examples of chromatograms obtained for each auto-GC: Figure 1: Internal gas standard chromatogram obtained on the auto-GC/FID monitoring aldehydes and ketones 63 Figure 2: Internal gas standard chromatogram obtained on the auto-GC/FID monitoring amines Figure 3: Ambient air chromatogram obtained on the chromaTHC Figure 4: Chromatogram of a mixture of sulfur compounds obtained on the TRSMEDOR 64 Table 1 represents the various compounds and/or family of compounds analyzed, their range of concentrations, their low detection limit (LDL) and some values of odor threshold: Table 1: Compounds and family of compounds analyzed, range of concentrations, LDL and odor threshold Compounds Max concentration before the deodorization process (ppm) Max concentration after the deodorization process (ppm) Low Detection Limit (ppm) The presence of odorous compounds presents issues for both ambient air pollution and specific industrial processes. Keywords: compounds; monitoring; shelter; temperature
• cet-14771 by None (None) - However, when the simulation is carried out with a dispersion model without specific algorithms for rain caps and horizontal stacks, US-EPA (1993) suggests to force the exit velocity to 0.001 m/s. AERMOD is discussed due to its importance, but it is not used in the simulations because it does not use exactly the same meteorology, as done by CALPUFF and LAPMOD. 2.1 AERMOD AERMOD (US-EPA, 2022a) can simulate both rain-capped stacks and horizontal stacks, which are associated to the POINTCAP and POINTHOR source types, respectively. Keywords: exit; figure; lapmod; plume; rise; stack; temperature
• cet-1478 by None (None) - A publication of The Italian Association of Chemical Engineering Online at www.aidic.it/cet Guest Editors: Jiří Jaromír Klemeš, Peng Yen Liew, Wai Shin Ho, Jeng Shiun Lim Copyright © 2017, AIDIC Servizi S.r.l., ISBN 978-88-95608-47-1; ISSN 2283-9216 Thermal Performance and Temperature Mitigation towards Application of Green Roof in Tropical Climate Mahsan Mirnezhad, Asrul Mahjuddin Ressang Bin Aminudin, Kong Seng Yeap Department of Architecture, Faculty of Built Environment, University of Malaya (UM), Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia mahsanmirnezhad@gmail.com Many studies have been conducted to ascertain the implementation of green roofs provides many advantages including extended roof life, increase of water run off quality and mitigation of urban heat island effect. However, the lack of experimental data for tropical climate makes it difficult to evaluate eventually the suitability of green roofs as a heat mitigation and carbon emission reduction strategy in Malaysia. Keywords: air; roof; sensor; soil; surface; temperature
• cet-14789 by None (None) - ctchong@sjtu.edu.cn The potential of coffee waste to be valorised into useful bioenergy is investigated using a continuous microwave pyrolysis rig. Coffee waste of Arabica species was ground and pretreated prior to pyrolysis at elevated temperature under CO2 atmosphere. Keywords: bio; coffee; coffee waste; energy; microwave; oil; pyrolysis; temperature; waste; yield
• cet-14791 by None (None) - 2.6 Relative Growth Rate (RGR) The analysis of plant growth is the main key point used as an analytical tool for characterizing the plant's growth. Similar to the study of Hwang et al. (2018), the indoor and outdoor temperature correlates with the relative humidity, which can also affect plant growth in correlation to what type of illumination for photosynthesis was used, particularly with the plant subjects' hydration and its leaf net photosynthetic efficiency which is affected by lower humidity during high temperatures (Han et al., 2019). Keywords: agriculture; choi; food; growth; hydroponic; pak; pgc; plant; relative; study; system; temperature
• cet-14813 by None (None) - 3.4 Effect of composts on germination index (GI) and growth indicators of mung bean Germination index (GI) and plant growth index parameters were used to indicate the phytotoxicity and effectiveness of compost fertilizers on plants (Nguyen et al., 2020). Table 1: Formulation of compost materials Treatments Materials AINA NT1 30 kg chicken manure – rice husk 0 % – Control NT2 30 kg chicken manure – rice husk 0.5 % NT3 30 kg chicken manure – rice husk 1.0 % NT4 30 kg chicken manure – rice husk 1.5 % 2.3 Bacterial density and physical properties analysis The central temperature, pH, electrical conductivity (EC), and moisture indicators were recorded daily during composting. Keywords: aina; chicken; composting; manure; materials; nt2; nt3; nt4; temperature; treatments
• cet-14979 by None (None) - Innovative strategies for harnessing waste heat for power generation within refinery operations are explored in this work. The refining process inherently generates large quantities of waste heat, particularly at low temperatures, which are traditionally discarded. Keywords: efficiency; energy; fluid; heat; orc; temperature; waste
• cet-15020 by None (None) - References Adeoye J.B., Tan Y.H., Lau S.Y., Tan Y.Y., Chiong T., Mubarak N.M., Khalid M., 2024, Advanced oxidation and biological integrated processes for pharmaceutical wastewater treatment: A review. Gupta S., Singh A., Sharma T., Kaur R., Khandelwal V., Rawat K.D., Pathak S., Sharma M.K., Singh J., Shah M.P., Chauhan S.C., Parashar D., Shankar P., Kashyap V.K., 2022, Chapter 2 - Applications of ultrafiltration, nanofiltration, and reverse osmosis in pharmaceutical wastewater treatment. Keywords: mycelium; operating; permeate; pharmaceutical; pressure; temperature; treatment; waste
• cet-15087 by None (None) - Conclusions This study has demonstrated that the assimilation of a variable overall heat transfer coefficient (UOR) in a non- isothermal model simulation of steam methane reforming (SMR) improves the predictive accuracy of the simulation for both packed-bed reactors (PBR) and membrane reactors (MR) Results show that membrane reactors outperform PBRs by reaching a higher methane conversion under similar operating conditions. Mathematical Model Reaction Kinetics In general, steam methane reforming is modeled through three key global reactions: methane reforming reaction (Endothermic): CH4 + Keywords: conversion; hydrogen; membrane; methane; reactor; reforming; steam; temperature; 𝑃𝑃𝐻𝐻2
• cet-15091 by None (None) - As shown in Table 1, torrefied wood sawdust contains higher carbon content but low hydrogen content compared to the raw wood sawdust which ultimately contributes to more carbon monoxide production and less hydrogen production for torrefied wood sawdust gasification. Among gasification agents, air is widely used in gasification process due to its abundant resource and simple to employ. Keywords: agents; gasification; gasifying; oxygen; sawdust; steam; synthesis; temperature; wood
• cet-15093 by None (None) - In this study, Plackett-Burman design (PBD) was used for screening to select three significant factors among seven factors including ethanol content, extraction duration, solvent/solid ratio, extraction temperature, pH, and drying temperature for the ultrasound-assisted extraction of bioactive compounds from eggplant (Solanum melongena) peels. Liao, J., Xue, H., & Li, J., 2022, Extraction of phenolics and anthocyanins from purple eggplant peels by multi- frequency ultrasound: Effects of different extraction factors and optimization using uniform design, Ultrasonics Sonochemistry, 90, 106174. Keywords: design; extraction; solvent; temperature; tpc
• cet-15110 by None (None) - Left: comparison of TB, HJ and DIV models with temperature changes in reaction temperature (heat- up/cool-down) performed with adjusted critical thresholds; Right: comparison of the models for a runaway reaction initiated at 86 minutes 11 6. Copyright © 2025, AIDIC Servizi S.r.l. ISBN 979-12-81206-18-2; ISSN 2283-9216 Investigation of Models for Online Runaway Detection at the Esterification of Acetic Anhydride with Methanol Carsten Schmidta,*, Jürgen Schmidta, Jens Deneckea, Yongbo Xina aCSE Center of Safety Excellence (CSE-Institut), Joseph-von-Fraunhofer-Str. 9, 76327 Pfinztal, Germany bHochschule Karlsruhe – University of Applied Sciences (HKA), Moltkestraße 30, 76133 Karlsruhe, Germany carsten.schmidt@cse-institut.de Models for the online detection of runaway reactions in chemical plants promise to increase the safe operation of chemical processes. Keywords: alarms; data; detection; figure; models; reaction; runaway; temperature
• cet-15123 by None (None) - Although the critical self-heating conditions obtained for agromining pellets were systematically lower than those obtained for miscanthus, suggesting less stability, the difference was not significant enough to conclude that the presence of nickel promoted self-heating. Additional tests were performed at 190 °C with baskets of 6 cm size by mixing miscanthus (90 wt%) 89 and ashes (nickel-rich residues) from agromining pellets, collected after self-ignition. Keywords: basket; heating; ignition; miscanthus; pellets; self; temperature; tests
• cet-15139 by None (None) - Relevant fires that could thermally load a tank come from pool fires of fuel or operating materials that leak out and form flammable pools under vehicles, tire fires triggered by warm brakes or burning pools, fires of vehicle components, such as the carbines of an HGV, or transportation goods that may represent flammable fluids or solids (Studiengesellschaft Stahlanwendung, 1995). In this context, accidents involving collisions, fires, and their combination on the road are likely and can cause exceptional stresses on the tank and its insulation system, ultimately leading to tank failure (Vollmacher, 2018; Konersmann et al. 2014). Keywords: calorimeter; cryogenic; figure; fire; heat; tanks; temperature; time; transfer
• cet-15362 by None (None) - Thermal runaway mechanism of lithium ion battery for electric vehicles: A review. Lithium- ion batteries are a type of secondary battery that is usually used for portable electronic devices and electric cars, and every day they are getting more popular for use in various industries. Keywords: batteries; battery; cell; current; heat; ion; lithium; temperature
• cet-15378 by None (None) - 50 cm Reactor A B A B Oven (a) (b) 764 A key feature of the RHT-ST is the increased thickness of the fins arranged radially on the lid (Figure 1b-A), enabling them to withstand high shear stresses resulting from the high compressive forces under investigation. The selection of sand, a material with dimensions close to those of coarse particles, ensures that the material does not deform during the compression phase, that weak interaction forces are negligible, and that there is a linear relationship between applied normal stresses and recorded shear stresses. Keywords: cell; conditions; flow; iron; shear; stress; temperature
• cet-15407 by None (None) - Kant R., & Kumar A.,2022, Review on essential oil extraction from aromatic and medicinal plants: techniques, performance and economic analysis, Sustainable Chemistry and Pharmacy 30: 100829. However, in terms of lavender oil composition the effect of extraction temperature is more pronounced for many components than the other two parameters. Keywords: cosolvent; effect; extraction; flowrate; lavender; oil; temperature; yield
• cet-15433 by None (None) - [μm] d90% [μm] Span [-] dv [μm] φ [-] ρf [kg/m3] umf [10-2 m/s] εmf [-] 400-500 363 532 773 0.770 553 0.75 1380 5.80 0.225 2.4 Experimental Apparatus and Procedure for Adsorption and Desorption Tests The experimental campaign of CO2 adsorption and desorption tests was carried out in a pyrex laboratory-scale fluidization column, with an internal diameter of 50 mm and height of 520 mm. Younas, M.; Sohail, M.; Leong, M.J.B.L.K.; Sumathi, S., 2016, Feasibility of CO2 adsorption by solid adsorbents: A review on low temperature systems, Int. Keywords: adsorbent; adsorption; bed; capture; co2; column; gas; temperature; time
• cet-15434 by None (None) - However, they also offer great potential for conversion into activated carbon (AC) due to their high porosity and large surface area, making them ideal adsorbents for water and gas treatment. Like any carbonaceous waste or agricultural by-product from the food crop sector, olive stones represent an attractive precursor for activated carbon. Keywords: acs; activation; adsorption; chemical; olive; precursor; pyrolysis; stones; temperature
• cet-15456 by None (None) - This work investigates the production of PLA-ASA filament using a low-cost single-screw filament extruder, the effects of 3D printing temperature on ASA stability using Raman Spectroscopy, and the flexibility and integrity of 3D printed PLA-ASA mesh. Figure 7 A) Raman spectra of serpentine pattern using different printing temperatures (200°C in Blue), (205°C in sky blue), (210°C in green), (215°C in Yellow), and (220°C in orange). Keywords: asa; aspirin; drug; figure; filament; pla; temperature
• cet-15616 by None (None) - These results demonstrate the potential of corn cob waste as a feedstock for pyrolysis and energy recovery, given its significant volatile matter release and char formation during thermal conversion. Corn cob: a renewable energy source. Keywords: cob; corn; loss; pyrolysis; temperature; tga; waste
• cet-15634 by None (None) - It is expected that by 2050, the total number of industrial heat pumps installed worldwide will reach 80 × 10⁶ (IRENA, 2023), meaning that heat pumps will supply 30 % of the heat demand in light industries (EHPA, 2023a). Bhadbhade N., Ong B. H.Y., Olsen D. G., Wellig B., Patel M. K., 2024, Assessment of CO2 abatement potential of heat pumps using pinch analysis for the Swiss chocolate industry. Keywords: compression; cost; heat; heat pump; pump; stage; system; temperature; usd
• cet-15635 by None (None) - Srivastava A., Sharma A., Kumar A., 2025, Performance evaluation of indirect solar drying system for potato slices: Comparative analysis with open-sun drying method. Goel V., Bhattacharyya S., Kumar R., Kumar-Pathak S., Tyagi V.V., Saini R.P., 2023, Identification of barriers and drivers to implementation of solar drying technologies. Keywords: absorber; area; dehydrator; drying; energy; solar; temperature; time
• cet-15645 by None (None) - Decreasing coal co-firing ratio using either biomass or ammonia decreases nitrogen in the flue gas which indicates decrease of the required oxidizer. The feasibility of coal co-firing with biomass and ammonia will be explored by comparing fuel blends individually i.e. coal/biomass or coal/ammonia and simultaneously with coal/biomass/ammonia blends. Keywords: ammonia; biomass; boiler; coal; firing; flue; fuel; gas; temperature
• cet-15661 by None (None) - Elfeky K., Mohammed A.G., Ahmed N., Lu L., Wang Q., 2020, Thermal and economic evaluation of phase change material volume fraction for thermocline tank used in concentrating solar power plants. ISBN 979-12-81206-21-2; ISSN 2283-9216 Assessment of the Thermocline Thermal Energy Storage Tank Thermal Expansion Karem Elsayed Elfekya,*, Abubakar Gambo Mohammedb, Qiuwang Wangc, Kun Gea aCollege of Power and Energy Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin 150001, China bInstitute of Sustainable Energy, Universiti Tenaga Nasional, Putrajaya Campus, 43000 Kajang, Selangor, Malaysia cKey Laboratory of Thermo-Fluid Science and Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710049, P.R. China elfeky_karem@hrbeu.edu.cn A packed-bed thermocline tank offers a cost-effective solution for thermal energy storage in concentrating solar power (CSP) plants. Keywords: charging; energy; heat; storage; stress; tank; temperature; thermocline; wall
• cet-15675 by None (None) - Several numerical studies have evaluated the thermal performance of different types of thermal solar collectors. Nedunchezhiyan et al. (2023) employed numerical simulations to analyze hybrid evacuated tube and flat plate solar collectors, examining the impact of different flow rates on velocity, pressure, temperature, and turbulent kinetic energy. Keywords: collectors; flow; fouling; plate; temperature
• cet-15679 by None (None) - 2.3 Solid fuel properties The simulations used two solid fuels: Coal A and EFB biomass. Conclusions This study demonstrates that low-ratio co-firing of EFB biomass in a 300 MW coal-fired boiler can reduce emissions without exceeding operational limits. Keywords: biomass; boiler; case; coal; combustion; efb; emissions; firing; fuel; temperature
• cet-15696 by None (None) - This represents an opportunity to analyse outlet temperature, improve the thermal and hydraulic performance of solar collector networks, and design a solar collector network. The use of neural networks will enable engineers to size, integrate, and control solar collector networks more precisely. Keywords: collector; data; figure; hybrid; layer; network; plant; temperature
• Thermal Characteristic of Nanofluids Containing Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles in Ethylene Glycol by Alias, H.; Ani, M.F.C. (2017) - This study was conducted to meet the following objectives: i) to formulate stable nanofluids that contain titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2) in ethylene glycol (EG) base fluid with the aid of gum arabic (GA) as the surfactant, ii) to conduct stability analysis of nanofluids, and iii) to measure thermal conductivity of nanofluids at different temperature and concentration of nanoparticles. 3.2 Conductivity analysis The enhancement in thermal conductivity becomes important parameter for nanofluids when used as effective heat transfer fluids. Keywords: conductivity; nanofluids; nanoparticles; temperature; thermal; tio2
• Re-refinery Used Oil Vacuum Distillation Column Control by using Internal Model Control by Haura, A.L.; Ma'mun, K.Q.; Sutikno, J.P.; Handogo, R. (2017) - They were pressure controller, condenser level controller, enriching temperature controller, stripping temperature controller, and reboiler level controller. The integral absolute error (IAE) for 1DOF IMC for a set point change in the enriching temperature are 68.5 for enriching temperature response and 13.59 for stripping temperature response. Keywords: controller; enriching; imc; point; response; set; temperature
• Efficient Power Generation from Low Temperature Heat Source by Kansha, Y.; Ishizuka, M. (2017) - Energy harvesting, which involves power generation from low level energies such as low temperature heat, vibration and light, has attracted attention in Japan for online operation of sensor and electric devices. Compared with the other low level energies, we can easily obtain low temperature heat around plants and local communities such as exhaust heat from heat exchangers. Keywords: energy; generation; heat; power; system; temperature
• Metgas Production from Bi-reforming of Methane over La- modified Santa Barbara Amorphous-15 Supported Nickel Catalyst by Singh, S.; Nga, N.T.A.; Pham, T.L.M.; Tan, J.S.; Phuong, P.T.T.; Khan, M.R.; Vo, D.V.N. (2017) - Both NiO and SiO2 phases were detected for both La- modified and unmodified Ni-based catalysts whilst La2O3 particles were well dispersed on catalyst support. A desirable H2/CO ratio of about 2 was achieved at reaction temperature of 1,048 - 1,073 K. La-modified SBA-15 supported Ni catalyst exhibited greater activity and selectivity than those of unmodified counterpart. Keywords: catalysts; methane; reaction; reforming; sba-15; temperature
• cet-2123 by None (None) - There were just over 6,500 km of CO2 pipelines worldwide with most transporting CO2 for enhanced oil recovery in the United States (Dooley et al., 2009, Noothout et al., 2014, IEA GHG, 2014). Table 1: CO2 pipelines with impurities in mol % (Patchigolla and Oakey, 2013). Keywords: co2; drop; impurities; phase; pipeline; pressure; temperature
• cet-2124 by None (None) - MWH has been successfully proposed for contaminated soils (Falciglia et al., 2013; Robinson et al., 2009, 2012), aquifers (Falciglia et al., 2016) or wastes (Pereira et al., 2014). 4. Conclusions MWH for removal PAH from contaminated soil was shown to be efficient. Keywords: contaminant; falciglia; heating; microwave; mwh; pah; pahs; removal; soil; temperature
• cet-2127 by None (None) - For high-power battery packs, such as those for HEV and PHEV applications, a considerable amount of heat can be generated in the cells as a result of high discharge currents during duty cycles, causing the rapid rise in cell temperature. Figure 1: Diagram of the experimental loop and test section (Th=temperature of the heater, Tc=temperature of the channel, =air mass flow, Txx=temperatures monitored in the battery pack, Ti=inlet air temperature, Tout=outlet air temperature). Keywords: air; battery; cell; cooling; temperature; velocity
• cet-2297 by None (None) - Thermodynamics Considerations Ammonia is a common nitrogen source for production of titanium nitride powders. Mosbah, A.; Calka, A.; Wexler, D., Nov.2006, Rapid synthesis of titanium nitride powder by electrical discharge assisted mechanical milling. Keywords: figure; nitride; powder; reaction; size; synthesis; temperature; tin; titanium
• Investigation by Thermodynamic Properties of Methane Combustion Mechanisms under Harmonic Oscillations in Perfectly Stirred Reactor by Acampora, L.; Marra, F.S. (2017) - A large body of literature reports on global reaction mechanisms (e.g. Hjärtstam et al., 2012) or on approaches to obtain reduced or skeletal mechanisms from those detailed (Turányi and Tomlin, 2014). DOI: 10.3303/CET1757244 Please cite this article as: Acampora L., Marra F.S., 2017, Investigation by thermodynamic properties of methane combustion mechanisms under harmonic oscillations in perfectly stirred reactor, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 57, 1459-1464 DOI: 10.3303/CET1757244 1459 2. Keywords: chemical; combustion; entropy; ignition; mechanisms; reactions; temperature; time
• Experimental, Modelling and Theoretical Study of CNT Growth and Connection on a Flip - Chip Device to Improve Thermal Management Performances by Sarno, M.; Piscitelli, R.; Marra, F.; Cirillo, C.; Ciambelli, P. (2017) - The mechanism of CNT thermal management by COMSOL modelling was explored too. W/mK. Moreover, the aim of this paper was to study the role of the design parameters to mitigate the effects of a non-correct thermal management obtained with the help of high thermal conductive CNT connections bumps. Keywords: bumps; chip; cnt; conductivity; device; figure; flip; heat; temperature
• Performance Analysis of Solid-Oxide Electrolysis Cells for Syngas Production by H2O/CO2 Co-Electrolysis by Saebea, D.; Authayanun, S.; Patcharavorachot, Y.; Soisuwan, S.; Assabumrungrat, S.; Arpornwichanop, A. (2017) - Among various types of the electrolysis cells, solid oxide electrolysis cells (SOECs) have received considerable attention because of theirs high efficiency and high feed impurity tolerance (Ferrero et al., 2013). Narasimhaiah G., Janardhanan V.M., 2013, Modeling CO2 electrolysis in solid oxide electrolysis cell, Journal of Solid State Electrochemistry, 17, 2361-2370. Keywords: cathode; cell; co2; electrolysis; h2o; reaction; soec; temperature
• cet-2448 by None (None) - Figure 6: Comparison between number of AC usage events per day and total duration of AC usage per day for 63 dwellings 0 1 2 3 4 0 3 6 9 12 15 18 A v e ra g e n u m b e r o f A C e v e n ts ( ti m e s / Figure 7: Comparison between number of AC usage events per day and total duration of AC usage in a day classified by working days and holidays for (a) 33 living rooms and (b) 42 bedrooms The probability density of indoor air temperature before and during the occupants switch on and the AC operation in dwellings is shown in Figure 8. Keywords: air; figure; living; occupants; temperature; usage
• Investigation of Effects of Nutrients and External Parameters on Kinetic Growth of Outdoor Microalgal Cultivation by Mazzelli, A.; Cicci, A.; Franceschini, G.; Di Caprio, F.; Iaquaniello, G.; Altimari, P.; Pagnanelli, F.; Toro, L. (2018) - Measures taken on different reactors were considered as replicates. Factor SS df MS F P-value Fcrit Position along the axis of each reactor 0.586 1 0.586 49.76 7.34*10-11 3.91 Reactors’ position inside the plant 0.097 6 0.016 1.37 0.229 2.16 Time of measurements' uptake: Part of the day 5.55*108 2 2.77*108 2.29*103 1.40*10-119 3.05 Time of measurements' uptake: Different days 3.03*107 8 3.79*105 31.31 2.88*10-29 1.99 694 Figure 3: Example of normalized light data in function of time for different reactors and axis position during an experiment. Keywords: concentration; data; factors; growth; light; plant; position; reactors; temperature
• Frustration-Induced Relaxation in Polycrystalline Nd1- xSrxCoO3 (x=0.10, 0.15, 0.20) by Yang, Yiyun (2018) - The exchange bias and magnetic relaxation of cobaltite were explored in great details, leading to the discovery of spin glass in cobaltite system. Thus, the magnetic relaxation is another prominent feature of spin glass system (Caiuffo et al., 1999; Yamaura et al., 1999; Saron et al., 2016; Li et al., 2016). Keywords: aging; cobaltite; glass; relaxation; spin; spin glass; system; temperature
• cet-2772 by None (None) - Compile the control module of motor temperature active disturbance rejection controller with the S function; 2. DOI: 10.3303/CET1866114 Please cite this article as: Liao J., 2018, Simulation of active disturbance rejection control for cold-hot water mixer system, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 66, 679-684 DOI:10.3303/CET1866114 679 3. Keywords: control; controller; disturbance; motor; pid; rejection; temperature; time
• Characterization of Auto-Ignition Phenomena in Spark Ignition Internal Combustion Engine using Gaseous Fuels Obtained from Biomass by Duarte, J.; Valencia Ochoa, G.; Cardenas, Y. (2018) - 2. Methodology In the present research, the following methodological steps were developed, to achieve significant results on the study of auto-ignition applied to spark ignition engines operated with gaseous fuels. de Faria, M. M. N., Bueno, J. P. V. M., Ayad, S. M. M. E., & Belchior, C. R. P., 2017, Thermodynamic simulation model for predicting the performance of spark ignition engines using biogas as fuel. Keywords: auto; combustion; compression; engine; fuel; gas; ignition; point; temperature
• Study of the Susceptibility of Coal for Spontaneous Combustion using Adiabatic Oxidation Method by Ravi V, Rambha; Ting, X. Ren (2018) - Results of 271 DOI: 10.3303/CET1865046 Please cite this article as: Ravi V. Rambha , Ting X. Ren , 2018, Study of the susceptibility of coal for spontaneous combustion using adiabatic oxidation method, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 65, 271-276 DOI: 10.3303/CET1865046 moisture content, heat of wetting effect, size fraction, nitrogen suppression and ageing of coal sample tests are presented and discussed. Coal samples were dried inside the reaction vessel under nitrogen flow at 40 °C for approximately 18 hrs to ensure sample was moisture free. Keywords: coal; heating; oxidation; rise; sample; temperature
• Bio-Paraffin Mixture Production from Waste Fatty Acid Mixture by Hancsok, J.; Visnyei, O.; Sagi, D.; Hollo, A. (2018) - We concluded that the publications investigating the catalytical hydrodeoxygenation of fatty acids, used mostly only model compounds (lauric acid, oleic acid, stearic acid, etc.) Figure 1 shows the reactions and products of fatty acid hydrogenated by the example of oleic acid. Keywords: acid; fatty; feedstock; h-1; lhsv; products; temperature
• Thermodynamic Analysis for Fischer-Tropsch Synthesis Using Biomass by Marques, F.H.; Guirardello, R. (2018) - Low temperature Fischer–Tropsch synthesis from a Sasol perspective. However, 399 this pressure effect is more accentuated for high temperatures than low temperatures. Keywords: fischer; liquid; phase; pressure; ratio; temperature
• Extraction and Characterization of Pectin from Citric Waste by Gama, B.; De Farias Silva, C.E.; Oliveira Da Silva, L.M.; Abud, A.K.S. (2015) - In the experimental conditions studied, it was noticed that at higher heating time (90 min), acid concentration (6%) and temperature (90 °C) it was obtained the highest yield of pectin extraction, around 78 %, with an esterification degree of 8%, that indicates a low degree of pectin methoxylation. Table 2: Conditions and experimental design responses for pectin extraction. Keywords: acid; analysis; citric; degree; esterification; extraction; food; orange; pectin; temperature; texture
• New Kinetic Approach for Evaluation of Hazard Indicators Based on Merging DSC and ARC or Large Scale Tests by Roduit, Bertrand; Hartmann, Marco; Folly, Patrick; Sarbach, Alexandre; Brodard, Pierre; Baltensperger, Richard (2016) - Roduit B., Hartmann M., Folly P., Sarbach A., Brodard P., Baltensperger R., 2015, Thermal decomposition of AIBN, Part B: Simulation of SADT value based on DSC results and large scale tests according to conventional and new kinetic merging approach, Thermochim. DOI: 10.3303/CET1648007 Please cite this article as: Roduit B., Hartmann M., Folly P., Sarbach A., Brodard P., Baltensperger R., 2016, New kinetic approach for evaluation of hazard indicators based on merging dsc and arc or large scale tests, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 48, 37-42 DOI:10.3303/CET1648007 37 2. Keywords: aibn; dsc; heat; kinetic; reaction; sadt; scale; temperature
• cet-3413 by None (None) - Due to its low boiling point of 39.7 °C it can be used for the extraction of amine compounds. However, caution is advised while handling and storing amine compounds diluted in dichloromethane, since there were incidents with unexpected reactions between amine compounds and dichloromethane in the past (Bretherick’s Handbook of Reactive Chemical Hazards, 2007). Keywords: amine; decomposition; dichloromethane; pressure; temperature
• Evaluation of Metal Oxides Sensors for the Monitoring of O3 in Ambient Air at Ppb Level by Spinelle, L.; Gerboles, M.; Aleixandre, M.; Bonavitacola, F. (2016) - The experiments showed that generally O3 sensors do not suffer from gaseous interference from NO2, NO, CO, CO2 and NH3, Moreover, the matrix effect experiment showed that there is likely other unknown interfering compounds that affect the SENSE 3000 and NanoEnvi sensors since they showed biases according to the complementary gas used for dilution (either filtered, indoor or outdoor air). Additionally, the presence of hysteresis in sensor responses when changing O3 concentration levels, temperature or humidity was studied. Keywords: air; calibration; effect; humidity; ppb; response; sensors; temperature; time
• Quick Assessment of the Hot Gas Layer Temperature and Potential Fire Spread between Combustible Items in a Confined Space by Dusso, A.; Grimaz, S.; Salzano, E. (2016) - On the other hand, thermal radiation from a fire source can be considered as the primary cause of fire spread in pre-flashover conditions, when there is not direct flame impingement and outside the plume, where convective heat transfer is not a principal factor in fire heat transfer. Both the hot gas layer temperature and the thermal radiation to a target can be assessed by using either analytical equations or fire simulation models. Keywords: correlation; fds; fire; gas; heat; layer; radiation; results; source; temperature
• Autoignition Temperature of 1-Pentanol and its Binary Mixtures with Water by Veres, J.; Skrinsky, J.; Travnickova, J.; Dalecka, A.; Sevcikova, S. (2016) - listopadu 15/2172, 708 33 Ostrava - Poruba jan.veres@vsb.cz The principal application of autoignition temperature (AIT) is to define the maximum acceptable surface temperature in a particular area, usually for electrical classification purpose. Autoignition temperature (AIT) is defined as the lowest temperature at which a substance will produce hot-flame ignition in air at atmospheric pressure without the aid of an external energy source such as a spark or flame. Keywords: ait; autoignition; figure; pentanol; temperature
• Application of CFD Simulation to Safety Problems – Challenges and Experience Including a Comparative Analysis of Hot Plume Dispersion from a Ground Flare by Zuliani, C.; De Lorenzi, C.; Ditali, S. (2016) - 1. Introduction LNG facilities often include large ground flares for the safe disposal of large quantities of process gases in the rare event of emergency situations and/or plant depressurization. Inst 24, 163–187 Ponchaut N. F., Kytoomaa H. et al., 2012, Modelling of ground flare pits, 12th Spring meeting & 8th global congress on process safety Pandya H., 2014, Consider factors affecting onshore LNG plant design, Gas processing accessed 26.02.2016 Richards P.J., Hoxey R.P., 1993, Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics 46-47, Appropriate Boundary Conditions for Computational Wind Engineering Models Using the k-ε Turbulence Model 84 Keywords: case; flacs; flare; fluent; plume; temperature; wind
• How Extreme Environments Can Impact the Training of Industrial Operators by Manca, D.; Nazir, S.; Komulainen, T.; Øvergård, K.I. (2016) - This allows training operators to cope with abnormal, near misses, and real accidents (Manca et al., 2012). This is the case of industrial, maritime, aviation, and space operators. Keywords: air; conditions; environments; manca; operators; pressure; temperature; training
• Values and Benefits of Improving the Performance of Existing Heat Exchangers used in the Hydrocarbon Processing Industries by Droegemueller, P.; Gough, M.J. (2017) - These revamps are undertaken without modification of pass partitions and can lead to a considerable increase in wall shear force and tube side heat transfer. This is illustrated in a real case study, a BEU 2 pass TEMA type shell and tube heat exchanger (702 tubes, 4m length) with ethylene evaporating on the tube side. Keywords: flow; fluid; fouling; heat; hitran; temperature; transfer; tube; wall
• A Superstructure Approach for the Design of Heating Utility System by Pitchaimuthu, D.; Lee, J.-Y.; El-Halwagi, M.; Foo, D.C.Y. (2017) - From Nitrogen system Waste heat recovery unit Heating medium make mp Heating medium pump H e a ti n g m e d iu m s u p p ly h e a d e r H e a ti n g m e d iu m r e tu rn h e a d e r Heating medium dump cooler Sea water supply Sea water return TC LC NNF=Normally No Flow NNF NNF NNF NNF HP Flare Knock-Out Drum Heater Flue gas To ATM Closed Drain Drum Heater Heavy Oil Heater Light Oil Heater Crude Oil Heater Diesel Flushing/ Pigging Heater Test Separator Heater Figure 1: PFD of heating utility system for an offshore platform 3. Due to this, their optimisation model cannot be applied directly for design of heating medium system. Keywords: approach; cost; design; heating; medium; oil; system; temperature; utility
• cet-3729 by None (None) - The values of the convective heat transfer coefficient determined from Eq(2) and dimensionless numbers that can be used in Eq(4), determined for the three values of the thermal power are shown in Table 1. 494 Table 1: Experimentally determined values of the dimensionless numbers and heat-transfer coefficient Case 1 2 3 Heat flux at radiator base, q [W/m2] 412.7 989.4 9,386 Grashof number, Gr 27,625 49,619 258,195 Nusselt number, Nu 6.06 7.69 11.27 Heat transfer coefficient, h [W/(m2K)] 4.76 6.04 8.85 2.3 Boundary conditions For the purpose of numerical simulation the following data were used:  Thermal conductivity of aluminium kAl =180 W/(mK),  Ambient temperature 295 K,  Thermal conductivity of air ka=0.0256 W/(mK),  Heat flux transferred from the base of the radiator for three cases in accordance with Table 1,  Convective heat transfer coefficients for three cases in accordance with Table 1. 3. In general, the intensity of the convective heat transfer can be expressed by the following equation: q=h(Text - Tamb) (1) where q is the average heat flux lost from the radiator surface, h is the average convective heat transfer coefficient, Text and Tamb denote temperatures of radiator surface and ambient, respectively. Keywords: heat; numerical; radiator; surface; temperature; transfer
• Research on the Low Energy Consumption Building Design Based on GUD by Liu, X.F.; Liu, X.C. (2016) - This paper aims at laying a foundation for the promotion and application of the design DOI: 10.3303/CET1651039 Please cite this article as: Liu X.F., Liu X.C., 2016, Research on the low energy consumption building design based on gud, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 51, 229-234 DOI:10.3303/CET1651039 229 patterns of low energy buildings Integrated with GUD System; and meanwhile, the concept of integrated design provides a new thought for low energy building design. Calculation and design analysis of low energy consumption building At present, the scale of residential building construction is unprecedented in the histories of china and world. Keywords: building; coefficient; consumption; design; energy; energy consumption; heat; heating; system; temperature
• cet-4659 by None (None) - Data analysis proved that both activation temperatures and types of starting materials were significant in producing activated carbons intended for CO2 capture, since p-value was < 0.05. However, energy penalty and associated environmental problems caused by amine consumptions causes the researchers to shift to other technologies (Saiwan et al., 2013), such as adsorption by activated carbons that will be the focus point in this work. Keywords: activation; adsorption; analysis; anova; carbon; co2; min; rate; temperature
• cet-4660 by None (None) - This study reports under optimised condition, fatty acids yield was significantly increased and this also showed the potential of Jatropha Curcas oil as feedstock for fatty acids production. 68 78.00 88 98.00 FFA Percentage (%) Response 67.1 98 3. Result & Discussion 3.1 Optimisation of alkaline hydrolysed for increased fatty acids yield. Keywords: acids; catalyst; concentration; fatty; ffa; hydrolysis; oil; ratio; solvent; temperature; yield
• cet-5714 by None (None) - Temperature (°C) Gas Bio-oil Biochar 118 Table 2: Properties of bamboo biochar produced at 500 °C Property Value Particle density (kg/m3) 1740 ± 10 Bulk density (kg/m3) 105.1 ± 1.8 High heating value (MJ/kg) 30.865 ± 0.187 The ultimate analysis shows that bamboo biochar is highly carbonaceous, with a carbon content of 82.1%.The high carbon content of biochar is advantageous in terms of maximizing the amount of carbon storage and could be used as an energy resource or for soil adsorption of pollutants (Lee et al., 2013b). Keywords: analysis; astm; bamboo; biochar; biomass; chemical; heating; properties; pyrolysis; temperature
• cet-5717 by None (None) - Besides this study on product yield, Lou et al. (2013) and Xiao et al. (2007) have been found to report on pyrolysis bamboo species however with addition of catalyst. Ash content analysis is done according to ASTM E1755-95 using 4 g of bamboo sample in a ceramic crucible to measure approximately the mineral content and other inorganic matter (ASTM 2003). Keywords: astm; bamboo; bio; biomass; content; oil; products; pyrolysis; species; temperature; yield
• cet-5722 by None (None) - 4. Results and discussion 4.1 Gas yields Individual gas yields are given in Figure 3 (H2, CO, H2O, CO2) and Figure 4 (CH4, C2H2, C2H4, C6H6). Although the O2 partial pressure is much lower (0.02-0.03 bar) than in an EFR (Table 1), the O2/biomass mass ratio was chosen to be representative of an EFR in order to have similar behaviour for gas phase reactions. Keywords: biomass; conditions; gas; gasification; oxygen; presence; pyrolysis; temperature; yields
• cet-6040 by None (None) - This is also called thermocline tank due to the thermal stratification phenomena in storage tank (Ore et al., 2012). 4.2 Storage tank issues As discussed earlier, two conventional technologies are well-known for CSP plants based on the number of storage tanks (one or two). Keywords: energy; figure; power; storage; tank; technologies; temperature; tes
• Control Schemes of Hybrid Distillation-vapor Permeation Process for Ethylene/Ethane Separations by Xiao, W.; Ran, H.; Jiang, X.; Li, X.; He, G. (2017) - 3.2 Pressure and temperature control scheme (scheme 2 or S2) In the dynamic simulation, controller was added in steady state model according control schemes. Keywords: control; distillation; flow; rate; scheme; stage; temperature; time
• Production and Kinetics of Isoamyl Acetate from Acetic Anhydride using Candida Antarctica Lipase B in a Solvent-Free System by Yusoff Azudin, N.; Mat Don, M.; Abdul Shukor, S.R. (2013) - The tested parameters were reaction temperature (30-50 °C), acid-alcohol molar ratio (0.1-2) and mass of enzyme (4- 12 %). The simplest kinetic model applied to describe lipase catalyzed reaction is based on Michaelis-Menten mechanism(Richardson and D.B, 1985). Keywords: acetate; acid; alcohol; enzyme; isoamyl; reaction; temperature
• cet-6681 by None (None) - The corrosion potentials (Ecorr), corrosion current densities (icorr), passive current density (ip) and transpassive potential (Etr) were obtained from the potentiodynamic polarisation curves and the numerical values are summarized in Table 1. Table 1: Electrochemical parameters of Alloy 31 in the contaminated 40 wt.% H3PO4 solution at different temperatures after passive film formation at 0.5 VAg/AgCl. Table 2: Electrical parameters obtained by fitting the experimental results of EIS for Alloy 31 in the contaminated 40 wt.% H3PO4 solution at different temperatures after passive film formation at 0.5 VAg/AgCl. Keywords: acid; alloy; behaviour; corrosion; film; phosphoric; resistance; solution; temperature
• cet-6686 by None (None) - Therefore, present research work was carried out for studying the decomposition of the dewaxing residue of rice bran oil in a mixture of fatty acids and fatty alcohols under low pressure, high temperatures and the injection of stripping steam. Therefore, present research work was carried out for studying the decomposition of the dewaxing residue of rice bran oil in a mixture of fatty acids and fatty alcohols under low pressure, high temperatures and the injection of stripping steam. Keywords: acids; alcohols; fatty; oil; steam; temperature; wax
• Effect of the Burner Arrangement on Slab Reheating Characteristics in a Reheating Furnace by Liu, Y.; Wang, J.; Wang, W.; Yang, R.; Min, C.; Sunden, B. (2017) - The Case-B shows the highest volume averaged slab temperature and the best reheating efficiency. Han et al. (2011) calculated radiation heat exchanges by using the finite volume method, and they also calculated slab temperature field with the transient heat conduction equation. Keywords: case; furnace; reheating; section; slab; temperature;  
• Targeting the Maximum Outlet Temperature of Solar Collectors by Martinez-Rodriguez, Guillermo; Fuentes-Silva, Amanda L.; Picon-Nunez, Martin (2018) - Targeting for maximum temperature Knowledge of the maximum outlet temperature that a solar collector or series arrangement of solar collectors can reach for a given mass flow rate, solar radiation and inlet temperature, is a fundamental output that determines the feasibility of the application of low temperature solar plants. A publication of The Italian Association of Chemical Engineering Online at www.aidic.it/cet Guest Editors: Timothy G. Walmsley, Petar S. Varbanov, Rongxin Su, Jiří J. Klemeš Copyright © 2018, AIDIC Servizi S.r.l. ISBN 978-88-95608-67-9; ISSN 2283-9216 Targeting the Maximum Outlet Temperature of Solar Collectors Guillermo Martínez-Rodríguez, Amanda L. Fuentes-Silva, Martín Picón-Núñez* Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Guanajuato, Noria Alta S/N, Guanajuato, Gto., Mexico picon@ugto.mx The aim of this work is to show the construction and application of design curves for solar collector networks of the flat plate type. Keywords: collectors; design; flow; inlet; network; rate; temperature
• cet-7003 by None (None) - In this paper we study the possibilities of a novel pinch-based approach for estimation of heat recovery possibilities (Ruohonen and Sivill, 2011) based on the use of advanced composite curves in combination with thermodynamic simulation. Calculation of heat recovery possibilities in two cases: a. The heat is taken to the streams that compose the Extreme Heat Load Curve b. Keywords: curves; exchanger; heat; recovery; temperature
• cet-7222 by None (None) - The resistance to corrosion and the adhesion properties related to scaling deposits are further advantages of polymer surfaces. Christmann et al. (2010) applied a polyetheretherketone (PEEK) film as heat transfer surface and reached mean overall heat transfer coefficients up to 1570 ± 181 W·m 2 ·K -1 dependent on the operating conditions. Keywords: energy; film; heat; peek; polymer; surface; temperature; treatments; wetting
• Mathematical Modelling of the Process of Spark Plasma Sintering of a Ceramic Material Composite Al2O3 - ZrO2 - Y2O3, Modified by Carbon Nanotubes by Mamonova, Natasha V.; Koltsova, Eleonora M.; Skichko, Evgenia A.; Shaneva, Anna S.; Popova, Nelly A. (2018) - Experimental research 2.1 Experimental research in the field of CNT synthesis by catalytic pyrolysis of a methane-hydrogen mixture Table 1 shows the composition of the catalyst components for the production of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) by catalytic pyrolysis of a methane-hydrogen mixture. A publication of The Italian Association of Chemical Engineering Online at www.aidic.it/cet Guest Editors: Timothy G. Walmsley, Petar S. Varbanov, Rongxin Su, Jiří J. Klemeš Copyright © 2018, AIDIC Servizi S.r.l. ISBN 978-88-95608-67-9; ISSN 2283-9216 Mathematical Modelling of the Process of Spark Plasma Sintering of a Ceramic Material Composite Al2O3 - ZrO2 - Y2O3, Modified by Carbon Nanotubes Natasha V. Mamonova*, Eleonora Koltsova, Evgenia A. Skichko, Anna S. Shaneva, Nelly A. Popova D. Mendeleyev University of Chemical Technology of Russia, Miusskaya sq. 9, 125047 Moscow, Russia kolts@muctr.ru Experimental studies have been carried out in the field of obtaining carbon nanotubes (CNT) and Keywords: carbon; cnt; composite; nanotubes; sintering; temperature
• cet-833 by None (None) - Figure 2: Scale inhibitor SQ-1211 scale inhibitor with the dosage of the change in the law (solution temperature: 100°C, time 24 hours) 206 3. Dosing (mg / L) 70 degrees Celsius 80 degrees Celsius 90 degrees Celsius 100 degrees Celsius Figure 3: Effect of scale inhibitor dosage and reaction temperature on scale inhibition It can be seen from Figure 3 that with the increase of scale inhibitor dosage, the scale inhibition rate first increases and then decreases (Lumbreras et al., 2017). Keywords: calcium; dosage; effect; inhibitor; scale; scale inhibitor; solution; temperature
• cet-8917 by None (None) - ISBN 978-88-95608-64-8; ISSN 2283-9216 CFD Study of the Behavior of LPG Tanks Exposed to Forest Fires Giordano E. Scarponia,*, Frederic Heymesb, aLISES - Dipartimento di Ingegneria Civile, Chimica, Ambientale e dei Materiali, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, via Terracini n.28, 40131 Bologna, Italy. A computational fluid dynamic (CFD) model was applied to simulate the response of LPG tanks of different sizes exposed to a forest fire scenario. Keywords: case; figure; fire; forest; liquid; lpg; tank; temperature; wall
• cet-9237 by None (None) - DOI: 10.3303/CET1869114 Please cite this article as: Querino M.V., Marangoni C., Machado R., 2018, Indirect series of falling film distillation column to process synthetic naphtha, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 69, 679-684 DOI: 10.3303/CET1869114 679 2. While that the energy savings provided by indirect series on falling film distillation column correspond a 12 % of the conventional mode of distillation column. Keywords: column; distillation; film; mass; naphtha; separation; temperature
• cet-9556 by None (None) - Therefore, generally the heat from the solution was transferred to the coolant; and as the coolant temperature decreased, the temperature difference between the solution and coolant increased giving higher ice thickness. 3. Result and discussion Effect of operating conditions towards overall heat transfer Generally, coolant temperature, operation time and stirrer speed will affect the overall heat transfer coefficient, which is very closely related to ice thickness (Yahya et al., 2017b). Keywords: concentration; coolant; freeze; heat; ice; solution; temperature; transfer
• Modeling Respiration and Transpiration Rate of Minimally Processed Pineapple (ananas Comosus) Depending on Temperature, Gas Concentrations and Geometric Configuration by Gomez, Jose; Castellanos, Diego; Herrera, Anibal (2019) - To estimate respiration rates, two possible models were compared and the most suitable one was chosen: the O2 consumption and CO2 production were modeled by using a Michaelis-Menten enzyme kinetics and by using a first-order kinetics choosing the former. Fonseca, S. C., Oliveira, F. A. R., & Brecht, J. K., (2002), Modelling respiration rate of fresh fruits and vegetables for modified atmosphere packages: a review, Journal of Food Engineering, 52(2), 99–119. Keywords: pineapple; rates; respiration; slice; temperature; transpiration

• Dynamic RAMS Analysis Using Advanced Probabilistic Approach by Taleb-Berrouane, Mohammed ; Khan, Faisal ; Kamil, Mohammad (2019) - Unlike any other probabilistic technique available, PN blocks can easily represent a large variety of component types, whether it’s periodic testing, standby system with failure to start condition, or repaired component. The novelty of the work is to illustrate how PN blocks can represent each component and its behavioural changes in continuous and time-dependent form. Keywords: analysis; component; failure; figure; reliability; system; time
• Measuring (un)safety. A broad understanding and definition of safety, allowing for instant measuring of unsafety by Blokland, Peter; Reniers, Genserik (2019) - A model that tries to capture safety cultures in a holistic way is “The Egg Aggregated Model of safety culture” (TEAM). Therefore, increasingly more organisations are looking for more proactive methods in measuring and achieving safety performance. Keywords: indicators; level; measuring; objectives; organisations; performance; safety; system; unsafety
• cet-10198 by None (None) - The results show that the global research trends of safety science have undertaken a drastic shift, and safety science research has closely followed the demands of social and economic development. Based on literatures (Wu, 2016; Wu, 2017; Wang et al. 2017; Wang and Wu, 2018), the purposes of this paper are to find out the future trends in safety science research to help safety researchers and practitioners understand the research trends and frontiers in the field of safety science 2. Keywords: management; research; safety; safety science; science; system; theory
• cet-10202 by None (None) - As with segment risks for line elements, the absolute risk for area elements is assessed for the whole site (sum of the cell risks) using the same three-band system. References DNV, SGS, 2014, Risk analysis system for the transport of hazardous substances : inventorisation, validation of assumptions and parameters and guidance for applying the risk analysis system, Brussel: Vlaamse overheid, Departement Leefmilieu, Natuur en Energie DNV GL, SGS, 2018, External safety risk assessment system for transport of dangerous goods —final report, Brussel: Vlaamse overheid, Departement Leefmilieu, Natuur en Energie 1044 Keywords: assessment; elements; risk; segment; system; transport
• Research on Storage Management of Hazardous Chemicals based on Internet of Things by Li, Huiqin; Zhang, Yanjun (2017) - Figure 5: Framework of hazardous chemicals delivery management system based on RFID RFID based on delivery process of hazardous chemicals storage management system can avoid manual writing and reduce the error rate. Figure 2: Framework of hazardous chemicals storage management system based on RFID 4.1 Warehousing operation Warehousing operation process is as follows. Keywords: chemicals; information; management; rfid; storage; system; technology
• Research on the Optimization of Logistics Simulation to the Container Yard Gate System of Hazardous Chemicals Port by Cui, Yezhu; Xie, Yongjin (2017) - DOI: 10.3303/CET1762237 Please cite this article as: Yezhu Cui, Yongjin Xie, 2017, Research on the optimization of logistics simulation to the container yard gate system of hazardous chemicals port, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 62, 1417-1422 DOI:10.3303/CET1762237 1417 As for hazardous chemicals, the following precaution measures must be taken: (1) Prevent the polymerization and explosion of gas. 3.2 Instance analysis To verify the validity of the method in this paper, gate service system of hazardous chemicals yard of a large port is researched. Keywords: chemicals; gate; handling; port; system; transport; yard
• Evaluation of Logistics Resource Allocation Efficiency in Chemical Industry Base by Pan, Yamei (2017) - DEA is used to reevaluate the efficiency of logistics resource allocation after overall planning and the optimal allocation strategy of logistics resources in the base are summarized. 3.2 Evaluation and analysis of input logistics resource allocation efficiency of base projects Keywords: allocation; base; chemical; coal; efficiency; evaluation; input; logistics; resource; system
• Construction of Evaluation Index System of Petrochemical Industry Based on Material Flow Analysis Method by Li, Liang (2017) - DOI: 10.1016/j.partic.2012.11.001 1493 Lu B., Qi Q., Yang Y., 2014, Insights on the development progress of National Demonstration eco-industrial parks in China, Journal of Cleaner Production, 70, 4-14, DOI: 10.1016/j.jclepro.2014.01.084 Ma S.H., Wen Z., Chen J., Wen Z., 2014, Mode of circular economy in China's iron and steel industry: a case study in Wu'an city, Journal of Cleaner Production, 64, 505-512, DOI: 10.1016/j.jclepro.2013.10.008 Ma S.J., Hu S., Chen D., 2015, A case study of a phosphorus chemical firm's application of resource efficiency and eco-efficiency in industrial metabolism under circular economy, Journal of Cleaner Production, 87, 839-849, DOI: 10.1016/j.jclepro.2014.10.059 Michael L., Amir R., 2016, Towards circular economy implementation: a comprehensive review in context of manufacturing industry, Journal of Cleaner Production, 115, 36-51, DOI: 10.1016/j.jclepro.2015.12.042 Ming P., Janusz S., Jethro A., 2016, Design technologies for eco-industrial parks: From unit operations to processes plants and industrial networks, Applied Energy, 175, 305-323, DOI: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2016.05.019 Miriã F., Daniel A., Kleber E., 2016, Industrial symbiosis indicators to manage eco-industrial parks as dynamic systems, Journal of Cleaner Production, 118, 54-56, DOI: 10.1016/j.jclepro.2016.01.031 Patrizia G., Catia C., Sergio U., 2016, A review on circular economy: the expected transition to a balanced interplay of environmental and economic systems, Journal of Cleaner Production, 114, 11-32, DOI: 10.1016/j.jclepro.2015.09.007 Roger A.S., 2016, Green chemistry and resource efficiency: towards a green economy, Green Chem, 18, 3180-3183, DOI: 10.1039/C6GC90040B Shu Y.P., Michael A.D., Te H., 2015, Strategies on implementation of waste-to-energy (WTE) supply chain for circular economy system: a review, Journal of Cleaner Production, 108, 409-421, DOI: 10.1016/j.jclepro.2015.06.124 Yao Z., Jian G.L., Bingchen Z., Wen H., Yi R.W., 2014, Adaptive Total Variation Regularization Based SAR Image Despeckling and Despeckling Evaluation Index, IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing, 53(5), 2765-2774, DOI: 10.1109/TGRS.2014.2364525 Zhou Z., Zhao W., Chen X., Zeng H., 2017, MFCA extension from a circular economy perspective: Model modifications and case study, Journal of Cleaner Production, 149, 110-125, DOI: 10.1016/j.jclepro.2017.02.049 Zhu Q.H., Geng Y., Joseph S., 2015, Barriers to Promoting Eco-Industrial Parks Development in China, Journal of Industrial Ecology, 19(3), 457-467, DOI: 10.1111/jiec.12176 1494 The development of circular economy evaluation index system is the basic work to quantify the development of circular economy. Keywords: economy; flow; industry; material; petrochemical; resource; system; waste
• Design of Grid-tied Hybrid Diesel-Renewable Energy Systems Using Power Pinch Analysis by Tay, Syn Yee; Mohammad Rozali, Nor Erniza; Wan Alwi, Sharifah Rafidah; Ho, Wai Shin; Abdul Manan, Zainuddin; Klemes, Jiri Jaromir (2020) - Diesel power system has been one of the most popular methods for electrification. Mohammad Rozali et al. (2019) later presented an extended PoPA tool called the Probability-Power Pinch Analysis (P-PoPA) that utilise probability theory to integrate diesel system with RE within a shorter time of analysis. Keywords: cost; diesel; electricity; energy; grid; hybrid; load; power; sources; system
• Solar Thermal Integration With and Without Energy Storage: The Cases of Bioethanol and a Dairy Plant by Fuentes-Silva, Amanda Lucero ; Velázquez-Torres, Daniel ; Picón-Núñez, Martín ; Martínez-Rodríguez, Guillermo (2020) - Solar thermal plant costs The cost of the thermal system is analysed under two modes of operation: a) the whole external energy requirement is supplied by the solar thermal plant and no heat recovery within the plant is considered, and b) solar thermal energy is determined after heat recovery within the plant takes place. It has been identified that between 50 and 70 % of total solar thermal energy costs are related to the capital investment, while the rest includes the costs of installation of the devices and the energy integration (Carbon Trust, 2013). Keywords: cost; energy; heat; integration; network; plant; storage; system; thermal; total
• Novel Designing Framework of Stand-alone and Grid-connected Hybrid Photovoltaic/Wind/Battery Renewable Energy System Considering Reliability, Cost and Emission Indices by Naderipour, Amirreza; Abdul-Malek, Zulkurnain; Nasri, Shohreh; Arabi Nowdeh, Saber; Kamyab, Hesam; Chelliapan, Shreeshivadasan; Mustafa, Mohd Wazir Bin; Mohd Zin, Abdullah Asuhaimi (2021) - Environmental emission produced in the design and optimization of hybrid energy systems must be considered as an important factor (Jafar-Nowdeh et al., 2020). Hybrid energy system 2.1 Page layout system configuration The HPV/WT/BA sustainable energy system consists of PV, WT, battery (BA) and inverter to convert DC power to AC power according to Figure 1. Keywords: cost; energy; hybrid; load; reliability; system; wind; 𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉
• cet-12224 by None (None) - Safety management system for controlling major accident hazards SMS-MAH is divided, according to Seveso legislation, into a Policy for the prevention of accidents and seven points, including: Resources and Leadership (including Training), Risk Assessment, Operating Control, Management of Change, Emergency Planning and Management, Performances (including Near Miss Management), Control and Review (including Audit). They offer, coupled with Artificial Intelligence, a great opportunity to make safety management at Seveso sites much more dynamic and participatory. Keywords: data; information; level; mah; management; safety; sensors; seveso; sms; system
• cet-12245 by None (None) - Table 1: Direct causes of loss of containment in the 70 material degradation accidents Direct cause Number of ageing accidents % of ageing accidents Corrosion 40 57% Fatigue, creep, embrittlement 19 27% Vibrations 5 7% Erosion 1 1% Material degradation, other 5 7% Figure 2 gives the results for the 70 accidents as shown in the three lines of defence of the Storybuilder bow-tie model. In these frameworks, the understanding of the underlying causes of ageing related accidents, presented in Section 3.2, is essential to prioritise the factors and to steer, consequently, the development of the methods. Keywords: accidents; ageing; barrier; containment; factors; inspection; management; method; safety; seveso; system
• cet-12730 by None (None) - This method constitutes a powerful tool for the assessment of systems for VF integration that enhance the sustainability of agricultural activity. Figure 4: Initial structure for a single period of case study of closed-loop system for VF integration These units are selected since they are regarded as systems whose inputs or outputs may be seized by VF, or other members of the closed loop and the structure is created in P-Graph Studio. Keywords: farming; figure; graph; loop; operation; synthesis; system; units
• cet-12757 by None (None) - In recent years, energy management system (EMS) research has gotten a lot of attention. However, more advanced / new systems are beginning to emerge worldwide, laying the groundwork for decentralized energy systems (Chartier et al., 2022). Keywords: analysis; central; ems; energy; factors; grid; management; pestle; system
• cet-12772 by None (None) - This work introduces the Total Site Hydrogen Storage Cascade (TS-H2SC) to integrate hydrogen energy storage with Urban-Industrial Symbiosis based on the Total Site Heat and Power Integration methodologies, as shown in Figure 1. Perform hydrogen energy storage targeting for determining the storage capacity using Total Site Hydrogen Storage Cascade (TS-H2SC), as shown in Table 1. Keywords: electricity; energy; heat; hydrogen; lohc; power; storage; system
• cet-12776 by None (None) - Results and discussions 3.1 Determination of biofilter system efficiency Three samples of the biofilter inlet and outlet gas were taken under stable operating conditions: at the stove outlet and the biofilter inlet and outlet. Finally, a CFD simulation of the complete biofilter was carried out for inlet air flows between 0.21 and 0.42 m3/h, and the pressure fields and velocity distribution inside it were obtained. Keywords: air; biofilter; cfd; doi; engineering; figure; pressure; system; velocity
• cet-12791 by None (None) - Therefore, the bacteria in the sludge was thus expected to be acclimatized to high Cr(VI) exposure conditions. Cr(VI) is highly mobile, soluble and bioavailable in the environment, it is the most toxic among chromium species, and is a known carcinogen. Keywords: barrier; control; cr(vi; days; effluent; reactor; system
• cet-12801 by None (None) - The emission samples were taken from 10 sources (including the 6 sources connected to Vigi eNose® system for on-line monitoring) in 10 L Nalophan® bags using the necessary equipment as appropriate (lung device, Lindvall hood, probe, …). Figure 2a (Above): Comparison of average September-October 2021 Vigi eNose® results. Keywords: concentrations; emission; enose; h2s; odour; outlet; results; system; vigi; vsc
• cet-12830 by None (None) - In the system there is also a pump that transports inside the device volatile compounds from samples. PCA allows to reveal all possible clusters of samples united by similar characteristics within the main components considered in the hyperplane. Keywords: analysis; gas; samples; sberveglieri; sensor; sources; system
• cet-12871 by None (None) - At this point, hydrogen odorization process was investigated. To solve this problem a system of hydrogen odorization is to implement. Keywords: data; flow; gas; hydrogen; methane; odorant; odorization; system; tht
• cet-12885 by None (None) - The wide deployment of renewable energies (RES) is fundamental to achieve a sustainable climate situation and the required energy transition. EU Commission, 2021, Proposal for a Directive of the European Parliament and of the council on energy efficiency (recast) accessed 11.07.2022 Foley A., Olabi A.G., 2017, Renewable energy technology developments, trends and policy implications that can underpin the drive for global climate change, Renewable & Sustainable Energy Reviews, 68:1112–14. IRENA, 2018, Global energy transformation: A Roadmap to 2050 accessed 16.03.2022. Keywords: buildings; cost; emissions; energy; grid; hydrogen; system; vila
• cet-13125 by None (None) - One reason of complex systems vulnerability lies in their reliance on a large number of interconnected components that are all working together in a coordinated way. Another reason why complex systems are vulnerable is that they are often subject to external perturbations or shocks, such as natural disasters, political crises, or technological failures, acting as “drivers“, which may affect the normal functioning of the system and lead to disruptions. Keywords: emergency; port; release; resilience; safety; scenarios; simulation; system
• cet-13140 by None (None) - This work investigates the coupling of autothermal oxidative MeOH steam reforming (OSRM) with high temperature PEMFCs (HT-PEMFCs). As an alternative, Liquified Natural Gas (LNG) contains less carbon per unit of energy than conventional fuels, resulting in lower CO2 emissions. Keywords: co2; emissions; fuel; heat; hydrogen; meoh; methanol; pemfc; reforming; system
• cet-13152 by None (None) - References Alruqi, W.M., Hallowell, M.R., 2019, Critical success factors for construction safety: review and meta-analysis of safety leading indicators, J. Constr. Although theorists and researchers have not yet found standard indicators for measuring the SMS performance, they seem to agree in classifying performance indicators into lagging and leading indicators. Keywords: health; indicators; management; measure; performance; safety; sms; system
• cet-13176 by None (None) - The evaluation of the impact of controller design on the performance of a power generation cycle with integrated energy storage was assessed using a dynamic model of the system. Power plant model The model considered in this work is a steam Rankine cycle, with a 100 MW nominal capacity turbine neglecting any generator losses, coupled to an indirect thermal energy storage system using molten salt as the storage medium, as shown in figure 1. Keywords: controller; design; deviation; energy; function; objective; optimization; power; system
• cet-13180 by None (None) - Figure 4b shows the time trend of additive flow rate, that is, the manipulated variable. Note that MD was 610 previously evaluated from the results of extensive CFD simulations, as a function of z, for a volumetric flow rate of vector fluid equal to 200 L/min and for three different values of additive fluid flow rate, i.e., 1, 10 and 20 Keywords: additive; control; flow; fluid; rate; system; 𝑄𝐴 𝑣
• cet-13183 by None (None) - The proposed library for such development is NLopt, an open-source collection of optimization algorithms that can be implemented in C++ and Python languages. NLopt was chosen as the optimization tool, which is a free/open-source library for nonlinear optimization, providing one interface for several free optimization routines available online as well as original implementations of various other algorithms. Keywords: algorithm; case; figure; optimization; problem; set; study; system; time
• Improvements in Citrus Packing Lines to Reduce the Mechanical Damage to Fruit by Manetto, G.; Cerruto, E.; Pascuzzi, S.; Santoro, F. (2017) - Van Zeebroeck M., Tijskens E., Dintwa E., Kafashan J., Loodts J., De Baerdemaeker J., Ramon H., 2006, The discrete element method (DEM) to simulate fruit impact damage during transport and handling: Case study of vibration damage during apple bulk transport, Postharvest Biology and Technology, 41, 92–100. García-Ramos F.J., Ortiz-Cañavate J., Ruiz-Altisent M., 2003, Decelerator elements for ramp transfer points in fruit packing lines, Journal of Food Engineering, 59, 331–337. Keywords: acceleration; fruits; impacts; lines; machines; number; packing; system
• Performance Assessment of Photovoltaic, Ground Source Heat Pump and Hydrogen Heat Generator in a Stand-Alone Systems for Greenhouse Heating by Anifantis, A.S. (2017) - Furthermore, the first system increasing the greenhouse temperature by 6°C to 10°C compared with the ambient conditions, while the second system by 3°C to 7°C. Keywords: Stand alone renewable energy system; Ground source heat pump; Hydrogen burner; Greenhouses heating. 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 0 0,2 0,4 0,6 0,8 1 1,2 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 0 2 4 6 8 S o la r ra d ia ti o n ( W /m 2 ) P V E ff ic ie n cy Time in hours ηPV measured ηel,H2 measured IT measured 514 Figure 4: Fuel cell electric power, ground source heat pump and hydrogen burner heating powers. Keywords: cell; efficiency; energy; greenhouse; heat; heating; hydrogen; power; pump; system
• An IoT-based Wireless Imaging and Sensor Node System for Remote Greenhouse Pest Monitoring by Rustia, D.J.A.; Lin, T.T. (2017) - This phenomenon led to an abrupt rise in the number of insect pest counts as proven also by their correlation values as shown in Table 2. The experimental results show that the algorithm was able to successfully count the number of insect pests with an average accuracy of 95-98% regardless of the insect pest population as shown in Table 1. Keywords: count; greenhouse; image; insect; node; pest; system
• Planthology: an Application System for Plant Diseases Management by Davino, S.; Panno, S.; Arrigo, M.; La Rocca, M.; Caruso, A.G.; Lo Bosco, G. (2017) - The collected and validated case studies will feed a dynamic atlas of plant diseases that could contribute to the global dissemination of knowledge of the symptoms inducted by plant diseases. In this paper we focus on learning on the job, as well as supporting agronomists involved in farm management, by a mobile platform that involve a set of plant pathologists for the remote diagnosis of plant diseases and providing a therapy. Keywords: application; case; diseases; information; mobile; pathologists; planthology; server; system; user; web
• cet-13696 by None (None) - An increasing acceptance of microgrid systems is primarily driven by emission reduction, resilience, reliability, and stability of energy systems. Using the said data, HOMER Pro® is used to calculate additional power (renewable or conventional) generator 878 capacities and energy storage system capacities for the distribution utility. Keywords: case; distribution; energy; generation; microgrid; network; planning; power; resilience; resource; scenario; system; utility; wind
• cet-13724 by None (None) - Also, some elements are required for the functionality of the tank, such as flexible piping systems, edge vents, rain drainage system, roof supports, guide pipe, stilling pipe and floating roof sealing system. In this framework, the cylindrical liquid storage tank with floating roof is a common equipment vulnerable to earthquakes. Keywords: bumper; contact; impact; roof; sealing; stiffness; system; tank
• cet-13732 by None (None) - It should be remembered that accidents due to the accumulation of electrostatic charges during the transfer of fluids from small tanks of various types in unsuitable conditions (use of insulating materials, failure to connect electricity between the tanks, absent grounding, etc.) are possible events, even if not necessarily with such dramatic consequences as in the case described. It highlights the repercussions on the safety management system and the related lessons learned for technical evaluation and control activities, starting from the consideration that apparently minor events, originated by problems of an electrostatic nature during relatively simple plant operations, could give rise to major accidents. Keywords: accident; chemical; directive; equipment; event; inspection; loading; management; safety; seveso; system
• cet-13741 by None (None) - However, it is essential to find efficient technological solutions for energy storage that respond quickly, safely and flexibly to the intermittent and fluctuating behavior of RES. ortizi@unican.es The urgent climate situation resulting from the indiscriminate consumption of fossil fuels together with the current geopolitical instability has prompted a series of policies in Europe to boost the energy transition through the large-scale installation of renewable energy sources (RES). Keywords: battery; control; energy; figure; hydrogen; power; system; variables
• cet-13749 by None (None) - Concerning hydrogen odorization system, previous work on the hydrogen odorization system in pure hydrogen and natural gas-hydrogen mixture systems was continued (Zanella et al. 2022). With the GASODOR S-FREE mixture, gas flows are less than 14 NL/min, as opposed to 65-95 NL/h with the tetrahydrothiophene (THT) odorant (Zanella et al. 2022). Keywords: acrylate; flow; gas; hydrogen; methane; odorant; odorization; system
• cet-13764 by None (None) - One of the most comprehensive models, with a good fit with Carbon Capture plant operation, is the one described in the paper by Zhang (Zhang et al., 2011) and uses electrolyte-NRTL activity coefficients for liquid phases properties definition, while PC-SAFT equation of state is deployed for vapor phase. Emission Source CO2 Content (vol%) Power Generation Coal to power 12-15 NG to power 3-10 Oil to power 3-8 Bioenergy 3-8 Large Emitters Cement production 14-33 Iron and Steel 15 Refineries (excluding H2 e NH3) 3-13 Ethylene production 12 Waste Combustion 20 High Purity Sources NH3 production 100 H2 production 70-90 NG production 5-70% Biomass fermentation 100 Case Study 1 – Steam Reformer The currently most widespread application of post combustion Carbon Capture systems to Steam Reformers is within Ammonia plants, especially when they are integrated with a downstream Urea production plant. Keywords: absorption; capture; carbon; carbon capture; co2; flue; gas; plant; solution; system
• cet-13813 by None (None) - Mohebi P., Roshandel R. 2023, Optimal design and operation of solar energy system with heat storage for agricultural greenhouse heating, Energy Conversion and Management: X. Nacer T., Hamidat A., Nadjemi O., Bey M., 2016, Feasibility study of grid connected photovoltaic system in family farms for electricity generation in rural areas, Renewable Energy,96 Part A, 305-318. Before introducing PV system, the farmer could harvest in ideal conditions (i.e., trees full of olives and not far from each other) about 100 kg of olives in one hour. Keywords: battery; diy; electricity; energy; olive; photovoltaic; system; work
• cet-13821 by None (None) - To further incentivize renewable energy, the Ministry of Mines and Energy in Colombia has implemented several measures; for example: Law 1715 of 2014, which promotes the integration of clean energy systems into the national grid, thereby facilitating the development of hybrid energy systems. In addition, the load curve was obtained because it plays a crucial role in analysing and optimizing hybrid energy systems. Keywords: alternative; energy; generation; grid; homer; kwh; photovoltaic; system
• cet-14354 by None (None) - However, determining the position with an accuracy below 2.5 m isn’t essential since rover position accuracy does not increase significantly above a certain level of base station accuracy. 2.5 Robot Operating System 2 (ROS2) ROS2 consists of libraries and tools that facilitate the creation of applications that serve the various functions of robot platforms. Keywords: accuracy; base; mobile; navigation; platform; robot; rtk; station; system
• cet-14359 by None (None) - It enabled in-depth analysis of crucial metrics such as eyes-off- the-road time periods, vehicle movement patterns, and data from vehicle control devices. In this research study, a comprehensive apparatus was utilised to investigate the usability and advantages of the BYOD concept in the context of automotive user interfaces. Keywords: byod; concept; data; distraction; doi; driver; driving; participants; phone; study; system; user; vehicle
• cet-14360 by None (None) - In case of combination between classical public transit and DRT service, (Zhao et al., 2021) addressed the fleet optimization issue considering the total travel time. Macfarlane et al. (2021) analyzed user perception of DRT service in south Salt Lake County, a low- density suburban area with already existing fixed route and route deviation services. Keywords: bus; demand; drt; passengers; research; route; service; study; system; time; transit; transportation
• cet-14366 by None (None) - [g/kWh] according to torque with urban working points, (b) Power curve of the car with urban working points Figures 2a and 2b represent the urban working points with black crosses. ISBN 979-12-81206-07-6; ISSN 2283-9216 Smart Hybrid Energy Management System in a Passenger Car Péter Németha,*, Barna Hanulab, András Lajos Nagyb aDepartment of Applied Sustainability, Széchenyi István University, Hungary bDepartment of Propulsion Technology, Széchenyi István University, Hungary nemeth.peter@sze.hu The technological advancements of internal combustion engines, batteries, and electric propulsion technology have reached such a level that they bring a new dimension to the potential of hybrid propulsion systems. Keywords: battery; energy; engine; hybrid; kwh; power; propulsion; system; torque
• cet-14376 by None (None) - A publication of The Italian Association of Chemical Engineering Online at www.cetjournal.it Guest Editors: Petar S. Varbanov, Bohong Wang, Petro Kapustenko Copyright © 2023, AIDIC Servizi S.r.l. ISBN 979-12-81206-07-6; ISSN 2283-9216 Examining the Evolution of Technological Conditions from the Point of View of the Application of Blockchain-based Data Management in Food Supply Chains András Bertalana*, Balazs Gyengeb, Károly Kacza aSzéchenyi István University, Vár 2., 9200, Mosonmagyaróvár, Hungary bBudapest, Metropolitan University, Nagy Lajos király 1-9, 1148 Budapest, Hungary bertalan.andras@sze.hu A critical point in making food chains more sustainable is to find different ways to increase efficiency. Blockchain technology offers the potential for reliable data management and simplified administration and is, therefore, definitely a tool to consider if the aim is to enhance sustainability in food chains. Keywords: android; blockchain; countries; data; food; research; supply; system; technology
• cet-14389 by None (None) - With fulfilling the aim of the paper – to have an outlook about the different interpretations of SFD – the expected result of the recent paper is to represent the relationship between sustainable development and financial development, the future potential for sustainable financial development, the preconditions for its success, and the main channels through which sustainable banking can enhance financial development on macro-level as well. This paper aims to introduce a structured literature outlook about the different interpretations of sustainable financial development (SFD) on micro and macro levels. Keywords: banking; development; economic; growth; indicators; level; paper; resilience; system
• cet-14422 by None (None) - Dust concentration. This research aims to propose preventive measures for addressing health issues caused by dust exposure in a construction aggregate crushing plant. Keywords: air; control; dust; emissions; exposure; figure; health; silica; system
• cet-14423 by None (None) - Review of hybrid renewable energy systems with comparative analysis of off-grid hybrid system. Energy storage systems are an integral part of hybrid renewable energy systems, and hydrogen storage is one of the newest storage systems. Keywords: cell; current; energy; fuel; hybrid; hydrogen; power; storage; system; wind
• cet-14461 by None (None) - For each diameter, the length (Leq) at which dyP/dz falls below a specific equilibrium tolerance (e.g., 1% in this study) is determined and a regression analysis is performed to establish a power relationship between reactor diameter and the equilibrium length as reported in Table 4, condition n°6. The sizing method considers some relevant guidelines for good industrial practice in reactor dimensioning (e.g., Woods, 2007) and chemical engineering considerations, as reported in Table 3: Table 3: Guidelines for good industrial practice of fixed bed catalytic reactors (adapted from: Woods, 2007). Keywords: biomass; co2; dme; gasification; polygeneration; reactor; steam; syngas; system
• cet-14692 by None (None) - Deepening the study of the MoC reviews methodology will enable its application across various types of hydrogen systems, allowing for quick adaptation to different situations with the assistance of the 5W2H plan. An overview: Current progress on hydrogen fuel cell vehicles. Keywords: bench; hydrogen; moc; reviews; safety; system
• cet-14694 by None (None) - Relevant standards and regulations published by the Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE) regarding hydrogen fuel systems in vehicles were consulted to gain insights into safety considerations, testing procedures, and performance requirements. This paper explores design considerations to ensure safety and efficiency in fuel cell systems, focusing on components and materials in fuel piping, while adhering to relevant standards and regulations. Keywords: cell; components; design; fuel; hydrogen; materials; piping; pressure; self; system
• cet-14698 by None (None) - In the context of passenger ferries, H2-FCs offer several advantages. However, there are challenges that need to be addressed before widespread implementation of H2-FC technology on passenger ferries can be achieved. Keywords: battery; electric; ferries; ferry; fuel; hydrogen; passenger; potential; power; ship; system
• cet-14705 by None (None) - TF-IDF is a statistical model commonly used in traditional machine learning algorithms for text analysis. It relies on the detection of early precursor of system failure states, on flexibility and controllability of processes, protective barriers construction and minimization of recovery time. Keywords: analysis; data; description; idf; network; operation; resilience; system; text; word
• cet-14761 by None (None) - The primary design issues addressed include: 1) decreasing relative humidity through controlled dilution, 2) implementing hardware and software adjustments to account for temperature fluctuations during extended operation and 3) developing algorithms to establish correlations between odour concentrations obtained through sampling/measurement according to EN 13725:2022 and the instrumental odour concentration provided by IOMS. On the other hand, while emissions are often well-defined in terms of sampling procedures for analysing odour concentration, especially for stationary emission sources (as outlined in EN 13725:2022), there is little emphasis on continuous monitoring specifically aimed at detecting odour compounds. Keywords: clean; concentration; data; dilution; ioms; monitoring; odour; sampling; sensor; system
• cet-14775 by None (None) - Odour abatement efficiency Odour concentrations were monitored twice a week and Table 3 shows the results obtained for the olfactory tests carried out in accordance with EN 13725:2022 to correlate the H2S concentrations introduced into the system during the whole activity with the corresponding inlet and outlet odour concentrations. As regards the characterization and measurements, the most common technique for the determination of odour concentration is the dynamic olfactometry (DO), applied according to EN 13725:2022. Keywords: concentrations; h2s; m-3; odour; stage; system; treatment; wastewater
• cet-14814 by None (None) - The study's goal is to optimize fertilizer use by applying it only when necessary, thus reducing costs and minimizing the potential risks associated with producing non-deficient Pechay plants. As the robot strolls through the seedbed, it will stop at the designated markers using ferrite magnets that are specifically distanced along with the distancing of Pechay plants. Keywords: accuracy; deficiency; detection; fertilizer; image; nutrient; pechay; robot; system
• cet-15017 by None (None) - The integrated approach, combining the selection of optimal building energy system renovation strategy and its investment in time using data-driven modelling, was proposed by Pedone et al. (2023). Introduction The International Energy Agency's report (IEA, 2022) states that the world is currently in a crucial period for the development of energy systems, which should be more safe, sustainable and cost-effective. Keywords: building; energy; heating; investment; measures; period; retrofit; system; time
• cet-15031 by None (None) - The aim of the authors is to examine and demonstrate that LQ control can achieve a more precise and faster step response in controlling the BLDC motors of quadcopters compared to the use of PID controllers. The study of Ahmed et al. (2015) and Say et al. (2021) focused on the application of PID controllers, and it was not extended to the examination of the system with other types of control. Keywords: control; controller; function; matrix; pid; response; system
• cet-15032 by None (None) - Before conducting air measurements in the workplace, the 3D printing laboratory staff explained the types and locations of the equipment and the properties of the materials used for 3D printing. In our study, the emissions of air pollutants into the environment were measured by emission measurements and the impact area was determined by calculation. Keywords: air; category; health; limit; printing; quality; sampling; system; technology; workplace
• cet-15039 by None (None) - In the Results and Discussion section, the simulator tools were evaluated and compared based on which sections of embedded system simulation they covered. The following summary gives some insight into the advantages and disadvantages of the investigated software solutions in embedded system simulation. Keywords: analogue; circuit; development; environment; mcu; modelling; models; simulation; software; system; testing
• cet-15050 by None (None) - It is an essential element of the process that the experiment has been built upon to incorporate the most relevant innovation capabilities and features that the field of energy consumption systems and Energy Communities has recently represented. There is no debate that, for sustainability reasons, a global energy transition must be achieved, specifically through the decarbonisation of energy systems (Goldthau et al., 2020). Keywords: consumption; data; doi; energy; energy consumption; management; monitoring; project; research; results; system; time
• cet-15059 by None (None) - Energy management systems can assist in maintaining this balance in an economically efficient manner. Energy management systems can leverage the flexibility of the energy use cases and achieve optimal energy solutions. Keywords: consumers; demand; energy; grid; management; power; renewable; storage; system; voltage
• cet-15083 by None (None) - P2G (power-to-gas) combined with polygeneration is a viable solution for renewable energy storage. References Barbour E., Parra D., Awwad Z., González M. C., 2018, Community energy storage: a smart choice for the smart grid? Keywords: bess; community; electricity; energy; energy storage; grid; management; parks; storage; system
• cet-15085 by None (None) - The methods to determine system reliability can be split into two major categories: deterministic and stochastic. 2. Methodology This section presents the methodology proposed to find retrofitting alternatives that improve the reliability of wastewater transportation systems. Keywords: cost; graph; reliability; retrofitting; structure; system; transportation; wastewater
• cet-15109 by None (None) - What are the implications of using DT technologies for risk assessment and the development of safety cases in human-robot collaboration scenarios? Management failures can also include delays in adopting necessary safety technologies or neglecting to enforce safety protocols rigorously. Keywords: design; employee; research; risk; robot; safety; system; technologies; warehouse
• cet-15128 by None (None) - Starting from the mechanism of system resilience, the study constructs a resilience evolution framework for LNGFV based on the Triple Protection Mechanism (TPM). System resilience is a fundamental attribute of system safety, and studying resilience is a crucial path to comprehensively understanding the safety-related attributes of complex systems(Wang et al. 2023). Keywords: analysis; dbn; engineering; factors; lngfv; maritime; resilience; safety; system; traffic; traffic resilience; vessel
• cet-15132 by None (None) - Future research will focus on improving the DBN model by incorporating more complex and diverse influencing factors, making the assessment results of hydrogen refueling station resilience more accurate and reliable. Absorption, adaptation, restoration, learning capacity and disruption are key elements in measuring system resilience. Keywords: assessment; engineering; figure; hydrogen; refueling; resilience; safety; state; station; system; time
• cet-15135 by None (None) - FTA helps understand how individual component failures can lead to system failures. This limitation has led to challenges in prioritizing critical failures and in managing redundancy and dependency effectively (Huang & Chang, 2007).TFTA typically uses fixed probabilities to represent the likelihood of component failures, assuming these probabilities remain constant over time. Keywords: analysis; dfta; event; failure; fault; hydrogen; msfta; system
• cet-15354 by None (None) - Hybrid renewable energy systems for sustainable rural development: Perspectives and challenges in energy systems modeling. Hybrid renewable energy systems for rural electrification in developing countries: A review on energy system models and spatial explicit modelling tools. Keywords: energy; fuel; generator; hres; load; optimization; power; sources; system; wind
• cet-15633 by None (None) - In this study, the multi-period equations used to represent the interaction between the energy system and industrial plants are adapted from Chew et al. (2025). The case study aims to establish a fair allocation of resources, including compensation, energy loss, and CO2 removal deficits, among cluster plants during a gas turbine disruption. Keywords: capture; cluster; co2; coalition; compensation; cost; energy; infrastructure; plant; removal; system
• cet-15646 by None (None) - The increase in emissions avoidance was achieved solely by increasing the system throughput by 41 % of the existing configuration, which increases the production of syngas with high emissions avoidance potential. ISBN 979-12-81206-21-2; ISSN 2283-9216 Circular Integration of Electrified Plastic Waste-to-X Systems into Oil Refineries Adeline Shu Ting Tana, Soha Mousab, Dhabia Al-Mohannadic, Jui-Yuan Leed, Viknesh Andiappana, Bing Shen Howa,* a Research Centre for Sustainable Technologies, Swinburne University of Technology, Kuching, Malaysia b Chemical Engineering Program, Texas A&M University at Qatar, Doha, Qatar c Department of Chemical Engineering, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Doha, Qatar d Department of Chemical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Taiwan, R.O.C. bshow@swinburne.edu.my The integration of plastic waste-to-X systems into the oil refineries offers a promising solution to the growing problem of plastic waste, while also supporting decarbonization by circulating plastic waste back into its supply chain as alternative feedstock. Keywords: case; cost; emissions; energy; fuel; graph; pathway; plastic; pyrolysis; system; waste
• cet-15657 by None (None) - Energy planning models are computational tools used to optimise energy systems and assess different energy scenarios (Akpahou et al., 2024). Most previous models also focus on employing low carbon energy generation technologies to minimise carbon emissions without considering the potential of incorporating carbon dioxide removal technologies as a pragmatic solution for emissions mitigation. Keywords: carbon; electricity; emissions; energy; reduction; storage; system; technology; usd; ∀𝐶𝐶
• cet-15702 by None (None) - i t F f t P t = =  (3) where , ( )om if t is the operation and maintenance cost coefficient (in RMB/kW) of equipment i at time t; ( )iP t is the output power of equipment iii at time t (kW/h); i represents wind power (w), photovoltaic (v), energy storage system (ess), electrolyzer (et), fuel cell (fc), hydrogen storage system (hss), hydrogen boiler (hb), and combined heat and power gas turbine (gt). Under these conditions, the system converts surplus electric energy into hydrogen energy through the electrolyzer, realizing the electric-to-hydrogen energy conversion and enhancing system operational flexibility. Keywords: carbon; energy; gas; hydrogen; power; storage; system; t t
• cet-15703 by None (None) - Battery energy storage systems (BESS) are essential for ensuring stability and reliability. Introduction The utilization of battery energy storage systems (BESS) has been deemed of utmost importance as the world transitions towards increased implementation of renewable energy. Keywords: battery; biomass; cost; energy; power; solar; storage; system
• cet-15742 by None (None) - For small Asian retailers operating with minimal margins, the decision to adopt the DRS constitutes a complex risk assessment, where the perceived operational burden is significantly increased by their limited resources. This study explores the perspectives of small Asian retailers in Hungary regarding voluntary participation in DRS, focusing on their willingness, ability, and influencing factors to participate. Keywords: collection; deposit; doi; drs; packaging; participation; producer; retailers; system; waste
• cet-208 by None (None) - Theodosiou G., Stylos N., Koroneos, C., 2015, Integration of the environmental management aspect in the optimization of the design and planning of energy systems, Journal of Cleaner Production 106, 576-593. This integration system or also known as distributed energy system (DES) offer a quick fix and more environmental friendly options in power supply system (Belderbos et al., 2017). Keywords: analysis; configuration; energy; generator; system
• Bacterial Cr(VI) Reduction with Internal Carbon Recirculation Using Freshwater Algae as Primary Producers by Roestorff, M.; Chirwa, E. (2018) - Several species of bacteria have been shown to reduce Cr(VI) to Cr(III) either as metabolic necessity or as detoxification strategy for survival. In this study, a well-studied locally isolated culture of bacteria is utilised to reduce Cr(VI) to Cr(III) while growing on carbon sources produced as algal metabolites. Keywords: algae; bacteria; carbon; concentration; cr(iii; cr(vi; reduction; system
• Design of New Electrochemical Sensors and Detection Application of Chemical Feedstock Residues by Xiaoqun, Mao (2018) - 205 DOI: 10.3303/CET1865035 Please cite this article as: Xiaoqun Mao , 2018, Design of new electrochemical sensors and detection application of chemical feedstock residues, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 65, 205-210 DOI: 10.3303/CET1865035 Currently, electrochemical sensors are widely used in chemical, pharmaceutical and other fields due to their advantages of fast detection speed, high precision, and low cost (Banerjee et al., 2017; Choudhary et al., 2015; Dong, 2017; Guan et al., 2018). Taking electrochemical sensor as research basis, a new three- electrode electrochemical sensor is designed based on the decomposition principle of chemical enzyme media. Keywords: chemical; current; detection; electrode; enzyme; feedstock; figure; residues; sensor; system
• Multi-Objective Analysis of a CHP System Using Natural Gas and Biogas on the Prime Mover by Valencia Ochoa, G.; Obregon Quinones, L.; Cardenas, Y. (2018) - Biogas can be used in generation systems in places where the availability of natural gas may be compromised, while natural gas is used in conventional electricity distribution services. An analysis of a single system working with biogas will be compared with the CHP conventional system, with the main objective of identifying new alternatives of electric generation systems with less greenhouse gas emission, instead of the traditional alternatives of electric generation systems. Keywords: biogas; chp; cost; energy; gas; load; system; valencia
• Machinery for Fresh Cut Watermelon and Melon by Schmilovitch, Z.; Alchanatis, V.; Ignat, T.; Hoffman, A.; Egozi, H.; Ronen, B.; Ostrovsky, V.; Vinokur, Y.; Rodov, V. (2015) - The success of this system will be evaluated in commercial use in the close future and we believe this product has potential of success as fresh cut melons as such are being introduce to the consumers already(Lima R. 2014). Additionally several mechanical cutting DOI: 10.3303/CET1544047 Please cite this article as: Schmilovitch Z., Alchanatis V., Ignat T., Hoffman A., Egozi H., Ronen B., Ostrovsky V., Vinokur Y., Rodov V., 2015, Machinery for fresh cut watermelon and melon, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 44, 277-282 DOI: 10.3303/CET1544047 277 were tested, including punctures based on smooth and perforated steel tubes as shown in Figure 1, which are short cylinders suitable to cut 50 mm slice. Keywords: cut; cutting; figure; flesh; fruit; system
• Bases for Modelling the Impacts of the Critical Infrastructure Failure by Rehak, D.; Novotny, P. (2016) - 1. Introduction Predicting and modelling the impacts of disruption or failure of critical infrastructure is an important part of the research of critical infrastructure resilience. Preference risk assessment of critical infrastructure is also an important starting point for modelling the impacts of critical infrastructure failure as its results determine vulnerabilities enabling the spread of impacts throughout the infrastructure system. Keywords: failure; impacts; infrastructure; resilience; system
• Adopting IOT Technologies to Control Risks in Confined Space: a Multi-criteria Decision Tool by Botti, L.; Bragatto, P.; Duraccio, V.; Gnoni, M.G.; Mora, C. (2016) - After a first legislative overview and a literature review on the topic, the authors conceptualize an AHP (Analytical Hierarchy process) model for analysing how critical factors affecting dangerous scenarios in confined spaces could affect the assessment of an IOT based device for preventing and managing confined spaces risks. Analyzing confined space risks at process industries Several industrial sectors face the risk of confined space work, i.e. confined areas characterize different processes in many industries, such as chemical industry (e.g. reaction vessels), food processing (e.g. above- ground storage silos) and utility sector (e.g. sewers and pipelines). Keywords: analysis; criteria; iot; level; risk; space; system; technologies; workers
• The Improvement of Safety Rules by a Participatory Method. A Case Study in a Chemical Company by Ricci, A.; Guglielmi, D.; Mariani, M.G.; Vignoli, M.; Violante, F.S. (2016) - This article, moreover should be used as an example for the implementation of safety intervention in line with the research on safety rules and rules management. Pelagi 9, 40138, Bologna, Italy marcogiovanni.mariani@unibo.it Safety management in high-risk systems is based on safety rules that have to prescribe human action and interaction and should reduce errors and risks. Keywords: chemical; focus; intervention; motivation; rules; safety; swps; system; work; workers
• Systemising Performance Indicators in the Assessment of Complex Sociotechnical Systems by Ernstsen, J.; Nazir, S.; Roed, B.K.; Manca, D. (2016) - The conceptual framework represents four categories of performance indicators identified in the review: team performance indicators that require empirical indicators, team performance indicators that do not require empirical indicators, individual performance indicators that require empirical indicators, and individual performance indicators that do not require empirical indicators, as shown in Figure 2. A systematic understanding of the various categories of performance indicators is likely to increase the accuracy in the overall assessment through a combination of indicators. Keywords: assessment; figure; indicators; individual; performance; performance indicators; system; team
• Instructional Information System using AR Technology for Chemical Plants by Nakai, A.; Suzuki, K. (2016) - The system can distinguish between operation target equipment and others by image recognition techniques based on the SURF DOI: 10.3303/CET1653034 Please cite this article as: Nakai A., Suzuki K., 2016, Instructional information system using ar technology for chemical plants, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 53, 199-204 DOI: 10.3303/CET1653034 199 (speeded-up robust features) The operation report using the function of instructional information system 203 6. Keywords: chemical; equipment; field; information; operating; operation; operators; system
• A Role of Education System in Creation of Safety Culture by Aleksandrov, A.; Devisilov, V.; Ivanov, M. (2016) - The paper studies the concepts of the basis for safety education, which is formed from synergetic principles and techniques of interdisciplinary training. Concepts of safety education based on synergetic principles and interdisciplinary teaching approaches have been thoroughly researched in a number of papers (Aleksandrov A.A., 2013, Devisilov V.A., 2008, 2010, 2011) and noxological education has been introduced in Russia. Keywords: culture; education; human; individual; risk; russian; safety; society; system; technical
• Catastrophic Transitions in a Forest-Grassland Ecosystem by Russo, L.; Spiliotis, C.; Siettos, C. (2016) - Steady states solutions for 10s = , 6.5k = , 0.18ν = . Conclusions We analysed steady states solutions and multistability in a model of a forest grassland model which considers dynamically the human interactions and their preference based on the rarity perception value. Keywords: bifurcation; forest; parameter; solutions; states; system
• Remote Environmental Monitoring Embedded System Design Based on Wireless Sensor Networks by Huang, Y.H. (2016) - Wireless sensor networks and traditional wireless networks (such as WLAN and cellular mobile telephone network) has a different design goals, which is highly mobile in the environment by optimizing the utilization of routing and resource management strategies to DOI: 10.3303/CET1651038 Please cite this article as: Huang Y.H., 2016, Remote environmental monitoring embedded system design based on wireless sensor networks, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 51, 223-228 DOI:10.3303/CET1651038 223 maximize the bandwidth to provide users with a certain quality of service assurance in a wireless sensor network, in addition to a few nodes need to be moved outside, most of the nodes are static, because they usually run on poor people inaccessible and even dangerous, remote environment, energy cannot be replaced, effective design strategy to extend the life cycle of a core network of wireless sensor networks (Somov and Xu, 2014). For application of wireless sensor networks based on data provided by a plurality of sensor network applications will be shared; (2) Things applications may be simultaneously designed with concurrency, it may be the turn with concurrency. Keywords: applications; data; monitoring; networks; nodes; sensor; system; wireless
• Description of Jilin Province Public Building Energy Efficiency Index Evaluation System by Zhan, N.Y.; Wang, J.H.; Lu, H.J.; Liu, Y.D. (2016) - According to scholars established public building energy efficiency evaluation system, and referred to the domestic latest norms and standards existing relevant cold area public building energy efficiency class: Green Building Evaluation Standard (GB / T 50378-2014)( MOHURD, 2014), Cold and Cold Region Public Building Energy Efficiency Design Standards (JGJ26-2010)( MOHURD, 2010), Public Building Energy Efficiency Design Standards (DGJ08-107-2012)( MOHURD, 2012), Public Building Energy Efficiency Testing Standard (JGJ / T177-2009)( MOHURD, 2009), Jilin Public Building Energy Efficiency Design Standards (DB22 / 436-2007)( MOHURD, 2007), Green Building Evaluation System and Its Application in Engineering Practice( Frank T, 2005) Table 4: Jilin province public building energy efficiency rating 5.5 Evaluation system database created Through the establishment of public building energy efficiency evaluation index system, which was developed into the software, set up the database, making it a convenient way for general public building energy efficiency evaluation. Keywords: building; efficiency; energy; evaluation; indicators; public; qualitative; score; system
• Research on System Evaluation and Green Transformation Program Design of Public Building by Yan, F.; Zhu, S.H. (2016) - Aiming decision attributes, namely architectural design parameters, green building design phase of evaluation and decision-making is a limited evaluation of the program known choice. Project Evaluation System Requirements government administration, planners, architects, construction units, DOI: 10.3303/CET1651043 Please cite this article as: Yan F., Zhu S.H., 2016, Research on system evaluation and green transformation program design of public building, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 51, 253-258 DOI:10.3303/CET1651043 253 management and operation of the user and other parties to the participants possess concept of sustainable development, and work together to complete the entire construction process. Keywords: analysis; building; decision; design; evaluation; green; objective; program; system; transformation
• The Analysis of Spaceborne SAR Interferometry Based on Strapdown Inertial Navigation Mechanism and Maximum Likelihood Method by Lei, S.G.; Zhang, L.; Li, W.P. (2016) - This paper puts forward a spaceborne SAR interferometry system operates on the strapdown inertial navigation mechanism, which is based on maximum likelihood phase estimation method, and this main research within this paper is: do maximum likelihood phase estimation of real airborne single-pass data quickly and effectively, and with a lower noise level. The navigation coordinate system is the coordinate system using in strapdown inertial navigation system to solve the navigation parameters. Keywords: coordinate; cos; data; likelihood; method; navigation; phase; system
• Design of Agricultural Internet of Things Monitoring System Based on ZigBee by Zhou, Z.A.; Xu, K.; Wu, D.Y. (2016) - The development of wireless sensor networks was motivated by military applications such as battlefield surveillance; today such networks are used in many industrial, agricultural and consumer applications, such as industrial process monitoring and control, machine health monitoring, agricultural greenhouse monitoring and so on. Proposed monitoring system design The agricultural monitoring system with wireless sensor networks is deployed at agricultural site and developed for agriculture monitoring. Keywords: coordinator; data; end; network; sensor; system; wireless; zigbee
• A Design of ETL for the Construction of Traffic Network Based on Big Data by Liu, Q.A. (2016) - Computer Science, 38(4): 15-20 Zhang N., Jia Z.Y., Shi Z.Z., 2002, Research on ETL technology in data warehouse[J], Computer Engineering and Applications, 24:213-216 Zhang R., 2010, An overview of ETL data extraction [J]. Traffic data includes data base, picture, video, text and other structured data, unstructured data and semi-structured data and so on. Keywords: data; etl; extraction; network; processing; rule; system; traffic
• Simulation Design of Express Sorting System by Pan, F.B.; Yu, D.; Wang, M.R. (2016) - The next is conducting parameter setting for operation object of S city distribution center system: (1) Since the daily processing amount of express items is 150,000, the parameter setting of generator obeys the uniform distribution function uniform (40, 20); (2) We set 8 colors to distinguish express items of different operational areas, among which, the color of express items in unpacking area is different from that an express item is set as 10s; (3) Since the quantity of express items in S city operational area is large, we use 4 colors to represent the express items entering this region, therefore, the parameter setting of generator is duniform (1,4); (4) The resolver parameter is set according to the field research result. (2) Determining System Simulation Target DOI: 10.3303/CET1651077 Please cite this article as: Pan F.B., Yu D., Wang M.R., 2016, Simulation design of express sorting system - example of sf’s sorting center, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 51, 457-462 DOI:10.3303/CET1651077 457 mailto:475591423@qq.com Simulation target must be determined before the system modeled. Keywords: area; center; distribution; express; items; simulation; sorting; system
• cet-4337 by None (None) - In this paper, a new type structure of condenser of automotive air conditioning system has been studied, and some conclusion has been obtained: (1) Unit area heat exchange decreases when the fin width increases. In the development of automotive air conditioning system, the role of numerical simulation model becomes more and more important (B. Taxis-Reischl, S. Morgenstern, F. Brotz (2001)). Keywords: air; condenser; conditioning; fin; fin width; heat; system; transfer; width
• cet-4339 by None (None) - Microsoft Word - cet-01.docx CHEMICAL ENGINEERING TRANSACTIONS VOL. 46, 2015 A publication of The Italian Association of Chemical Engineering Online at www.aidic.it/cet Guest Editors: Peiyu Ren, Yancang Li, Huiping Song Copyright © 2015, AIDIC Servizi S.r.l., ISBN 978-88-95608-37-2; ISSN 2283-9216 Overview of Research on Space Laser Communication Tracking and Pointing Technology Qinglong Hu*a,b, Zhaohui Lia, Liang Yanga, Ke Qiaoa, Xuejun Zhanga aChangchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics, Chinese Academy of Science, Changchun 130033, China bUniversity of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China huqinglong.hit@163.com Laser communication system is built to satisfy the urgent need of information transmission of the earth observation system and space-based information in high resolution and the need of high-speed transmission rate of distribution system. Laser communication system makes use of laser frequency band, takes laser as information carrier and transmits information by the modulation of laser pulse and thus achieves information exchange. Keywords: communication; laser; laser communication; pointing; research; satellite; space; space laser; system; technology; tracking
• cet-4343 by None (None) - The primary task of EMS systems is to eliminate the influence of gravity via electromagnetic forces, which can avoid contact, and thus, no friction. Basic principle of EMS system The MAGLEV train, as a new kind of high-tech transportation methods, is levitated by the electromagnetic suspension (EMS) system. Keywords: control; guideway; system
• cet-4976 by None (None) - Although, all above mentioned approaches can be useful in keeping human robot interaction safe, their insufficient information of human bio-mechanics about the power of the human body weaken their efficiency. Hence, surveys in the area of human robot cooperation requires to be considered from the safety and risk assessment points of view as well as system control prospective. Keywords: analysis; assessment; collision; control; design; human; interaction; phri; risk; robot; safety; system
• cet-4979 by None (None) - The application of taxonomy HFACS allows to understand the general trends of human errors in a structured way to identifying the causes of an accident, but only represents the first step in the analysis of the problem. The systematic consideration of human error in the design, operation, and maintenance of highly complex systems can lead to improve safety and achieve more efficient operation. Keywords: accidents; analysis; errors; factors; hfacs; human; safety; system; wcm
• cet-5298 by None (None) - Determination of burning smell is important because it can help in early fire detection and prevention. Almost all the cases of fire can be prevented if the existing fire detection system is improved with reliable hardware incorporated with effective algorithm for early fire detection and prevention. Keywords: burning; classification; data; detection; fire; nose; sensors; smell; system
• Methods and Tools for Reliable Design of Equipment in Waste-to-Energy Units by Jegla, Z.; Turek, V.; Kilkovsky, B.; Stehlik, P. (2017) - Through an industrial example, the paper presents new trends in equipment design for up-to-date WtE units and new design methods and calculation tools which the authors have been developing to ensure high design accuracy and operating reliability of such new equipment. Novel methods and tools for design of new equipment Given the new trends mentioned in the previous paragraphs, reliable WtE equipment design methods and tools must be available. Keywords: behavior; design; equipment; flow; heat; method; system; transfer; waste; wte
• cet-5719 by None (None) - Such eutectic system was described, among others, by Du, 2000. Ecologically and economically feasible management of waste feathers is a growing issue, especially in the context of recent outbreak of avian influenza which led to restrictions in bone meal production. Keywords: boiler; chamber; combustion; feathers; flue; fuel; gasification; nitrogen; plant; system
• cet-5940 by None (None) - Existing standards and industrial practices for HFE in Design To support the challenging task of the design team there are number of standards able to provide some guidance on the minimum requirements in terms of human centred design: for example, ISO 6385 – Ergonomic Principles in the Design of Work Systems (2004) outlines how technological, economic, organisational, and human factors can affect the work behaviour and well-being of people within a work system. stitutes blem is fficient factors during will be oncrete f future man in r rapid gree of nance, of the DOI: 10.3303/CET1436097 Please cite this article as: Naghdali F., Leva M.C., Balfe N., Cromie S., 2014, Human factors engineering at design stage: is there a need for more structured guidelines and standards?, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 36, 577-582 DOI: 10.3303/CET1436097 577 system increases, the reluctance of the designers to substitute the operator with automated functions will increase as well. Keywords: control; design; designers; factors; hfe; human; iso; principles; review; risk; safety; standards; support; system
• cet-6044 by None (None) - Farret F. A., Simões M. G., John Wiley & Sons Inc., Hoboken, New Jersey, USA Loulou R., Goldstein G., Noble K., 2004, Documentation for the MARKAL Family of Models, Energy Technology Systems Analysis Programme, Loulou R., Remne U., Kanudia A., Lehtila A., Goldstein G., 2005, Documentation for the TIMES Model, Energy Technology Systems Analysis Programme, Lund H., 2012, EnergyPLAN Advanced Energy Systems Analysis Computer Model Documentation Version 10.0, 10.0 ed, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark Maes T., Van Eetvelde G., De Ras E., Block C., Pisman A., Verhofstede B., Vandendriessche F., Vandevelde L., 2011, Energy management on industrial parks in Flanders, Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 15, 1988-2005 Marechal F., Kalitventzeff B., 2003, Targeting the integration of multi-period utility systems for site scale process integration, Applied Thermal Engineering, 23, 1763-1784 Nakata T., Silva D., Rodionov M., 2011, Application of energy system models for designing a low-carbon society, Progress in Energy and Combustion Science, 37, 462-502 Nemet A., Klemeš J. J., Varbanov P., Aktins M. J., Walmsley M., 2012, Total site methodology as a tool for planning and strategic decisions, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 29, 115-120 Palazzi F., 2010, Osmose User Manual, Industrial Energy Systems Laboratory (LENI), École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland Schweiger H., 2011, Guide for Einstein Thermal Energy Audits, energyXperts. Classification and selection of energy models During the last decades a variety of techno-economic energy models has been developed, each serving particular purposes. Keywords: energy; energy system; evolution; heat; integration; models; operation; optimisation; system; technologies; time
• cet-6045 by None (None) - IBS energy system is deemed to be a cleaner power generation scheme, at the expense of higher capital cost expenditure on solar (Gallardo et al., 2011). Cost and capacity of IBS energy system for different cases Figure 3. Keywords: biomass; case; cost; energy; load; power; solar; system
• cet-6253 by None (None) - Conclusions By presenting three case studies of power industry applications, this paper highlights the successes of diagnostic systems and the challenges for prognostics systems in this field. This section highlights some of these issues, which should be resolved before future prognostic systems are likely to progress towards deployed prototypes. Keywords: analysis; asset; data; engineers; leak; monitoring; power; system
• cet-6254 by None (None) - This paper reviews the existing fault prognostics and health management standards and gives the in-depth analysis and comparison on the formulation of PHM standard. And the state-of-the-art in PHM related standards is also given. Keywords: development; health; ieee; information; maintenance; management; monitoring; phm; prognostics; sae; series; standards; system
• cet-6257 by None (None) - The first requirement can be met by adopting physical failure models that quantitatively describe the damage rates as a function of the system usage. Although an estimate of the average degradation rate can be obtained from a (large) collection of failure data, the precise relation with operational DOI: 10.3303/CET1333050 Please cite this article as: Tinga T., 2013, Predictive maintenance of military systems based on physical failure models, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 33, 295-300 DOI: 10.3303/CET1333050 295 conditions is hard to obtain. Keywords: damage; failure; loads; maintenance; number; system; terrain; usage
• cet-6370 by None (None) - The histogram of soft failure module of CNC system From Table 2, the weak modules is listed as follow: feed servo system (28.05 %), which includes X, Y, Z axis feed servo controller, servo encoder etc., real-time management module (19.51 %), Motherboard (13.41 %). Defects which influence reliability of CNC system most are found out at last and it has a positive impact on CNC system products design, manufacture and use. Keywords: analysis; cause; cnc; failure; fault; mode; system
• cet-6371 by None (None) - In the field of control systems, the term degradation is related to a loss of effectiveness to fully implement when the actuator is in a faulty situation and not to an intrinsic physical deterioration. Introduction In feedback control systems, the actuators are of prime importance because they represent the physical link between the control law and the governed process. Keywords: actuator; control; degradation; lqr; stress; system
• cet-7000 by None (None) - Optimization of proposed cogeneration system The aim of energy system optimization is modifying the system design according to one or more defined objectives. C) 512 261.8 P2 (bar) 19.5 T7 (°C) Table 5: Comparison between cogeneration system before and after optimization Improvement% Cost of optimized CHP ($/y) Keywords: cogeneration; gas; optimization; steam; system; turbine
• Event-driven Simulation of Liquid Transportation Through Pipeline Networks for Oil Companies by Csontos, Balazs; Halasz, Laszlo; Heckl, Istvan (2018) - Helps the design of tank schedule, product pipeline schedule, blending order schedule, and product allocation. Product pipeline schedule can be described by the three main operations: upload, download, and transport. Keywords: oil; pipeline; product; schedule; simulation; system; tank; time; transportation
• cet-834 by None (None) - Background, content and methods researched in this paper are systematically described in this chapter with focuses as basic characteristics of time lag system & robust control and research status (Du et al., 2017). DOI: 10.3303/CET1762036 Please cite this article as: Mingli Zhou, 2017, Robust control theory for time lag system in chemical engineering and its application, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 62, 211-216 DOI:10.3303/CET1762036 211 2. Keywords: control; doi; lag; lag system; linear; stability; system; time; time lag
• Respiratory Odor Recognition and Disease Diagnosis Method of Gastric Cancer Based on the Concept of Combination of Disease and Syndrome by Xie, Fen (2018) - (2) By comparing with the respiratory gases of healthy people, the VOC markers and warning substances of respiratory gases in patients with gastric cancer were qualitatively verified, which also laid a theoretical foundation for the detection of gastric cancer by e-nose respiratory gas detection system. 4.4 E-nose respiratory gas detection system Figure 7: Composition of e-nose respiratory gas detection system 401 Based on the above experiments, we obtained the characteristic gases of several gastric cancer patients. Keywords: cancer; detection; diagnosis; gases; gastric; nose; patients; system
• Thermal Desorption System for Breath Samples Analysis from Colombian Patients with Gastric Cancer by Caceres, Juan; Duran Acevedo, Cristhian; Gualdron Guerrero Oscar, Eduardo (2018) - DOI: 10.3303/CET1868072 Please cite this article as: Cáceres J., Duran Acevedo C., Gualdron Guerrero O.E., 2018, Thermal desorption system for breath samples analysis from colombian patients with gastric cancer, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 68, 427-432 DOI: 10.3303/CET1868072 427 Taking as reference the last study, present proposal was done with a group of Colombian patients wit gastric cancer and under control (persons with similar diseases), using an electronic nose system, based on gold nanoparticles sensors (GNP), obtaining promissory results. Figure 4a, shows the functional prototype of thermal desorption system, which was made with stainless steel SAE-316, SAE-316L in order to avoid pollution, oxidation and any damage of the components. Keywords: analysis; breath; cancer; data; desorption; figure; patients; samples; sensors; system
• Application of Differential Equations in Enzyme Kinetics by Fan, Caihong; Li, Ping; Xue, Yingzhen (2018) - 5. Conclusion Complex algebraic expressions are often encountered in the analysis of enzyme kinetics system, even in simple enzyme kinetics system. Weaver et al. developed a conventional differential equation model for the heterologous mevalonate pathway in escherichia coli with kinetic parameters screened from the literature and enzyme concentration derived from selective reaction monitoring mass spectra (srm-ms) (Weaver et al., 2015). Keywords: chemical; concentration; enzyme; equation; kinetics; method; reaction; system
• Total Site Heat Integration of Multi-Effect Evaporators with Vapour Recompression for Older Kraft Mills by Walmsley, T.G.; Atkins, M.J.; Ong, B.H.Y.; Klemes, J.J.; Walmsley, M.R.W.; Varbanov, P.S. (2017) - A multi-stage approach to the design of MVR evaporators can help greatly decrease electricity use. Application of conventional MVR evaporators to liquids with a high BPE, which may significantly vary with concentration, is more challenging and less energy efficient. Keywords: effect; evaporator; heat; mvr; recompression; site; stage; steam; system; vapour
• cet-9564 by None (None) - Pmbs = MBS Power consumption (kWh/d), Pr = Power reading (kWh/d), Pac = Power consumption for air- conditioner and fan (kWh/d), Piwk = Existing IWK STP power consumption (kWh/d), Prm = Power reading (kWh/month), T = No. of days (d/month), ES = Energy Saving (%), Piwkd = Existing IWK STP power consumption (kWh/PE·d), Pmbsd = MBS power consumption (kWh/PE·d), Piwkd = Existing IWK STP power consumption (kWh/PE·d). This study designs a novel biological water purification system using a bio- film reactor with encapsulated microbes that is known as Mass Bio System (MBS). Keywords: effluent; malaysia; mbs; nh3; power; removal; stp; system; treatment; wastewater

• Suppression of Flame Propagation in a Long Duct by Segregation with Inert Gases by Yang, Hui-Ning; Lin, Yu-Jhen; Liu, Chien-Ho; Chin, Mo-Geng; Wang, Cheng-Chieh; Tsai, Hsiao-Yun; Chen, Jenq-Renn (2019) - The concept of suppressing flame propagation in a long duct was proposed via injecting an inert gas into the duct at multiple locations to act as inert gas sections which segregate the flammable mixture. The current study is limited to a fixed fuel concentration and some fixed lengths of ignition section giving a peak flame propagation speed of about 100 m/s. Certainly, the critical length for successful suppression in an open pipe may varied depending on the type of fuel, fuel concentration, the length of ignition section, and the peak flame propagation speed. Keywords: duct; flame; gas; ignition; inert; propagation; section; suppression; test
• Emergency Response Analysis of Fatal Gas Explosions Based on a Case Study by Li, Leilei; Yang, Zhifeng (2017) - Li J., Guo D., Di X., 2012, Study on method of coal mine gas accident emergency decision making, Safety in Coal Mines, 43(12), 225-228. SAWS, SACMS, 2016, Coal Mine Safety Regulation, China Coal Industry Publishing House, Beijing, China. Quite a few scholars have studied the emergency rescue in gas explosion accidents (Zaidi et al., 2017). Keywords: air; coal; emergency; explosion; gas; rescue; rescue team; team
• Research on Location Algorithm of Dangerous Gas Source in Chemical Industry Park based on ZigBee by Liu, Haibo; Liu, Zhenfang; Li, Aining (2017) - Gas source location is a method to predict the location of gas leak points by combining gas concentration detection and gas diffusion models, can help us to warn of the leakage of dangerous gas. Thirdly, aiming at the problem of large computational complexity of traditional model, an improved particle swarm algorithm for gas source location is proposed by combining force-directed algorithm. Keywords: algorithm; gas; location; source;  
• Review of Gas Microturbine Application in Industry by Konecna, Eva; Masa, Vitezslav (2019) - Caresana et al., 2011 6x100 x landfill landfill biogas fuel Ferreira et al., 2015 30, 65 x manufacturing direct use of GMT exhaust Ge et al., 2013 80 x food retail CO2 refrigeration Huicochea et al., 2011 28 x power generation double effect absorption chiller Invernizzi et al., 2007 100 x power generation Micro Rankine cycle Kalantar and Mousavi, 2010 230 power generation wind turbine, solar, battery, GMT Massardo et al., 2002 50 x power generation SOFC, GMT Máša et al., 2017 30 x laundry treatment direct use of GMT exhaust MosayebNezhad et al., 2018 30, 65 x wastewater treatment SOFC, GMT Nelson et al., 2018 100 x power generation solarized GMT Pantaleo et al., 2013 100 x power generation biomass and natural gas Pantaleo et al., 2018 100 x coffee roasting Comparison with ORC unit Tassou et al., 2007 80 x food retail HE, absorption chiller Velumani et al., 2009 30 x power generation SOFC, GMT, According to Isa et al. (2018), CHP systems can help to achieve goals of smart grid integration. Keywords: chp; energy; et al; fuel; gas; generation; gmt; heat; microturbine; power
• cet-11486 by None (None) - This study investigated enhancing the potential of low carbon wastewaters with flue gas and mapping the interaction between the organic carbon present in the wastewater and the carbon dioxide introduced with the flue gas, with the aim of achieving optimal biomass, fatty acid methyl esters (FAME) and EPS yields. There may be competing metabolic mechanisms at play, where the experiments with high carbon input ratios did not use only the EPS that was produced, but also the organics present in the wastewater as a substrate. Keywords: carbon; co2; experiments; flue; gas; growth; organics; wastewater
• cet-12220 by None (None) - Revised: 15 March 2022; Accepted: 16 April 2022 Please cite this article as: Věžníková H., Skřížovská M., 2022, Time dependence of gas-phase emissions from 3D printer filaments, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 90, 553-558 DOI:10.3303/CET2290093 CHEMICAL ENGINEERING TRANSACTIONS VOL. 90, 2022 A publication of The Italian Association of Chemical Engineering Online at www.cetjournal.it Guest Editors: Aleš Bernatík, Bruno Fabiano Copyright © 2022, AIDIC Servizi S.r.l. ISBN 978-88-95608-88-4; ISSN 2283-9216 Time Dependence of Gas-Phase Emissions from 3D Printer Filaments Hana Veznikova*, Michaela Skrizovska Department of Occupational and Process Safety, Faculty of Safety Engineering, VŠB – TU Ostrava, Lumirova 13, Ostrava, Czech Republic hana.veznikova@vsb.cz Gas-phase emissions from 3D printers have received widespread attention with respect to their health risk. https://ec.europa.eu/docsroom/documents/40562 Ngo T.D., Kashani A., Imbalzano G., NguyenK.T.Q., Hui D., 2018, Additive manufacturing (3D printing): A review of materials, methods, applications and challenges, Composites Part B: Engineering, 143, 172-196 557 http://data.europa.eu/eli/dir/1998/24/oj http://data.europa.eu/eli/dir/2001/95/oj https://ec.europa.eu/docsroom/documents/40562 https://ec.europa.eu/docsroom/documents/40562 Potter P.M., Al-Abed S.R., Hasan F., Lomnicki S.M., 2021, Influence of polymer additives on gas-phase emissions from 3D printer filaments., Chemosphere, 279, 130543 VŠB – TU Ostrava, 2021, Veznikova H., Barcova K., Lesnak M., Combustion flue gas analysis line, Patent no. Keywords: analysis; carbon; composition; emissions; filament; gas; materials; printers; products; safety
• cet-12524 by None (None) - However, the H2S and NH3 oxidation was affected by the daily changes in gas concentration. The increase of gases concentration at the last week of the dry season resulted in a gradual decrease of H2S and NH3 removal efficiency for both biofilters. Keywords: bed; biofilter; concentration; conditions; efficiency; gas; gases; h2s; nh3; removal
• cet-12536 by None (None) - Reynolds number Friction factor Head loss (m) 1)From compressor outlet (6 mm inner diameter hose) 15 1,23 1.79 E-05 74.68 44.01 2,56 E+04 1.87E-2 615.70 20 1,20 1.81 E-05 74.03 43.64 2.48 E+04 1.88E-2 609.60 25 1,18 1.83 E-07 73.41 43.27 2.38 E+04 1.89E-2 600.46 2) From air pipe (20 mm inner diameter) 15 1,23 1.79 E-05 74.68 3,92 7.65 E+03 3.33E-2 5.60 20 1,20 1.81 E-05 74.03 3.88 7.37 E+03 3.34E-2 5.53 25 1,18 1.83 E-07 73.41 3.85 7.11 E+03 3.38E-2 5.50 Table 2: Total energy loss and pressure drop in the air distribution system. 𝒎 (2) In this equation, v is air velocity calculated with the relation between the inner pipe area and the airflow measured with a flowmeter at different points as is shown in image B in Figure 1. Keywords: air; airflow; co2; culture; gas; loss; mass; microalgae; photobioreactor; pipe; transfer
• cet-12811 by None (None) - Salthammer T., 2019, Formaldehyde sources, formaldehyde concentrations and air exchange rates in European housings, Building and Environment, 150, 219–232. 2.1 Overall setup for the detection of gaseous formaldehyde at various concentrations The setup used for the simultaneous quantification of gaseous formaldehyde by the two analysers is represented in Figure 1. Keywords: air; airmohcho; analysis; concentration; figure; formaldehyde; gas; m-3; permeation
• cet-12812 by None (None) - Yaqoob U., Younis M. I., 2021, Chemical gas sensors: Recent developments, challenges, and the potential of machine learning—a review. As a result, LDA is an excellent method for discriminating NO2 and the cascade of ANN ensemble is a novel method for gas prediction through a portable electronic nose. Keywords: ann; cascade; classification; figure; gas; no2; prediction; sensors
• cet-12817 by None (None) - [Pa] n-Butanol 71-36-3 625 Cyclohexane 110-82-7 10 384 Cyclopentane 287-92-3 36 660 Decane 124-18-5 127 Dodecane 112-40-3 12 Dimethyl disulphide 624-92-0 3 000 Dimethyl sulphide 75-18-3 65 000 Heptane 142-82-5 4 703 Hexane 110-54-3 16 000 Isooctane 540-84-1 5 300 Methyl ethyl ketone 78-93-3 9 867 2-methylpentane 107-83-5 22 700 Pentane 109-66-0 57 000 Toluene 108-88-3 2 900 3.2 Comparison with known concentration gas cylinders Dynamic injection vs known concentration gas cylinder at medium concentration - toluene 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 COMPRESSED GAS CYLINDER DYNAMIC Keywords: compounds; concentration; cylinders; gas; method; mixtures; ppm
• cet-12818 by None (None) - Back to the OEC analysis, its application is mainly suitable for domestic wastewater, where the reduction of odour concentration up to values of the order of 102÷103 ouE/m3 is quite easy in the operating conditions of the analysis. − 𝐶100) 𝑉𝑙𝑖𝑞𝑢𝑖𝑑 ∙ 𝑑𝑉𝑁2 (𝑡) (1) where Cod(t) is the measured odour concentration at the instant t multiplied for 8 (i.e. the dilution factor), C100 is the reference value of odour concentration lower limit (i.e. 100 ouE/m3), Vliquid is the volume of analysed liquid and dVN2(t) is the infinitesimal volume of fluxed nitrogen at the instant t. Errore. Keywords: analysis; gas; liquid; min; odour; oec; time
• cet-12834 by None (None) - • CCS811 from ScioSense B.V. (The Netherlands): MOX sensor that returns values for carbon dioxide (CO2), total volatile organic compounds (TVOC) and sensor resistive value. Keywords: metal-oxide sensors (MOX), optical sensors, electronic nose, smartphone, gas sensors. Keywords: analog; board; data; electronic; gas; mox; nose; sensors; values
• cet-12844 by None (None) - The types of gas sensors used are various and are based on the modification of a physical or chemical parameter caused by the gases themselves. The major upgrades were in the structures and topology of gas sensors and in the analysis of sensor array data. Keywords: applications; chemical; figure; gas; nose; sberveglieri; sensors
• cet-12863 by None (None) - Overall, e-MeOH exhibits an electric energy consumption of 716.1 MW (corresponding to 480 kWh/GJ of MeOH), against 570.1 MW (corresponding to 355 kWh/GJ of MeOH) in the er-MeOH case (i.e., -20 %). For an electricity price of 40 €/MWh, the MeOH production cost would result equal to 30.5 €/GJ (e-MeOH) and 18.6 €/GJ (er-MeOH), Keywords: carbon; co2; efficiency; energy; fuel; gas; meoh; plant
• cet-12883 by None (None) - South Africa’s coal consumption was the highest in the world (70.7 %), even higher than China (58.2 %) and India (55.9 %), both of them the biggest consumer of coal in volumes, while South Africa natural gas consumption is very low (3 %). Natural gas is the fastest growing energy source, it will dominate the energy sector for the next 30 years (i.e. 2050). Keywords: africa; capacity; coal; energy; gas; plants; power; south
• cet-13062 by None (None) - 2.2 Consequences from the loss of containment of hydrogen equipment The MIMAH methodology was applied to the LOC of hydrogen technologies without applying steps 5 and 7 since they are not relevant for this study. Identification of consequences of failure The first step to collect and analyze the different consequence analysis techniques is to identify the consequences that may occur from the LOI and loss of containment (LOC) of hydrogen equipment. Keywords: consequences; energy; equipment; gas; hydrogen; liquid; mimah; risk; technologies
• cet-13091 by None (None) - Figure 5: The change in the yield of (a) gaseous product and the composition of gas (b)-0% moisture content, (c)-20% moisture content, (d)-40% moisture content Focusing on the composition of the gas (Fig. 5 (b)-(d)), at lower temperatures carbon dioxide and lighter hydrocarbons are the dominant components (39.6-75.5 % and 11.6-39.4 %). (a) (b) (c) Figure 3: The change in the (a) yield of gaseous product and the composition of gas ((b)-20% moisture content, (c)-20% moisture content with catalyst and steam) 3.3 Keywords: catalyst; content; gas; moisture; moisture content; steam; yield
• cet-13490 by None (None) - The chemical characterization of plastic waste, producer gas, EF, and tar streams allowed to perform the mass balance applied to the carbon element, i.e., the carbon layer in Figure 1B and the energy balance, i.e., the energy layer in Figure 1C. Figure 3: Material and energy flow analyses applied to the test PW-30-EA. The process performance was assessed based on different parameters, such as producer gas heating value, yield of undesired by-products (tar and elutriated fines), carbon conversion efficiency, and cold gas efficiency. Keywords: air; gas; gasification; plastic; pw-30; test; waste
• cet-13726 by None (None) - The paper is focused on biomethane compression unit and it illustrates a methodological approach aimed at decreasing the Atex zones hazardousness. The paper illustrates a methodological approach aimed at the optimization of the dilution degree of biomethane compression unit. Keywords: biomethane; compression; dilution; gas; pressure; release; unit; ventilation; zone
• cet-13743 by None (None) - Methane, a much more potent GHG than CO2, is the most significant single component of natural gas and, therefore, of these emissions. Many solutions have been developed to either trap or convert natural gas, mainly into hydrogen, instead of venting and flaring it. Keywords: canada; carbon; co2; emissions; energy; gas; hydrogen; methane
• cet-13750 by None (None) - The use of carbon monoxide also demonstrates a positive impact in reducing HE intensity when mixed with H2 gas. A review of technical and regulatory limits for hydrogen blending in natural gas pipelines. Keywords: distribution; effect; energy; gas; hydrogen; material; network; pipelines; pressure; sector; steel
• cet-13757 by None (None) - Figure 5c shows an optical micrograph of the crack propagation through the sample wall after being tested in hydrogen gas. Optical micrograph of the crack propagation through the sample wall after testing in hydrogen gas This research used a particular combination of specimen shape and testing method to study the HE on X65 carbon steel. Keywords: embrittlement; energy; figure; gas; hydrogen; pressure; specimen; steel; tensile; test
• cet-13758 by None (None) - Ultrasonic hydrogen gas detectors The detection of hydrogen releases in open, well-ventilated areas is challenging. In this perspective, hydrogen gas sensors are fundamental to detect leakages before the ignition, which can result in fires or explosions. Keywords: detection; function; gas; hydrogen; leak; pressure; refueling; release; sensors; tank
• cet-13759 by None (None) - This study aims at bridging the gap between safety and material science, as it can optimize predictive maintenance of hydrogen pipelines, thus promoting the widespread utilization of hydrogen in the forthcoming years. In contrast, X42 and X120 are the most suitable low-alloy steels for hydrogen pipelines since none of the tests in the dataset has a U label. Keywords: evaluation; ferritic; gas; hydrogen; learning; material; network; pipeline; steels; transport
• cet-13765 by None (None) - However, the promotive effect was relatively mild and does not indicate improvements in absorption rate compared to unpromoted K2CO3 (Thee et al. 2012a). However, McCann et al. (2015) showed that over the relevant pH (8.5-10.5) and temperature (up to 84 ˚C) ranges for CO2 absorption, instead of forming vanadium oligomers, VO tends to form carbonato-vanadate complexes: H2VO4 2-+CO3 2-+H+⇌HVO4CO2 2-+H2O (4) H2VO4 2-+2CO3 2-+2H+⇌VO4(CO2)2 3-+2H2O (5) Keywords: absorption; co2; gas; pressure; rate; reaction; reactor; solvent
• cet-13786 by None (None) - The hot effluent is then used to further increase electric power production by generating steam at 60 bar, 300°C to be used in a Rankine cycle working at the same conditions as the one modeled for sewage sludge combustion. Thermal conversion of sewage sludge in waste-to-energy systems allows to add value to this waste by exploiting its energy content and significantly reducing the amount of final waste to be disposed in landfill, but these processes must be modeled in detail to obtain reliable results. Keywords: combustion; energy; gas; gasification; kinetic; sewage; sludge
• cet-13818 by None (None) - The identification of the standards applicable to natural gas storage establishments and the respective areas of application and methods of coordination. In underground gas storage plants, the random failure of the pipes is the basis (Top-Event) of the most significant events (more extensive damage areas). Keywords: analysis; assessment; conditions; establishments; evaluation; events; failure; gas; report; risk; safety; storage
• cet-14409 by None (None) - Although many GHG emission studies have been 715 conducted in various places, there is still a gap in the availability of comprehensive academic information on agricultural GHG emissions in Minahasa District, where this study is ongoing. Figure 3 shows fluctuating variations in agricultural GHG emissions over the five years from 2005 to 2022. Keywords: ch4; co2; emissions; fertilizer; gas; ghg; n2o; soil
• cet-14441 by None (None) - Table 1: Characterisation of catalytic filter candles of different design Design Fixed bed Catalytic layer Fixed bed Fixed bed Notation FB60_MgNi CL60_ MgAlNi (2 CL) FB60N FB70N OD/ID candle / 60/40/20 60/40/16 60/40/20 70/50/30 OD tube Catalyst filling / layer Catalyst name MgO-NiO (0.1 – 0.3 mm) n. a. MgO-Al2O3- NiO + MgO- Al2O3-NiO n. a. MgO- Al2O3- NiO (0.25 – 0.5 mm) C&CS # 1050 B MgO- Al2O3- NiO (0.25 – 0.5 mm) C&CS Based on the surface area value of this type of catalytic filter candle with a filtration length of 381 mm (s. Table 1) the appropriate surface area of a candle with a filtration length of 398 mm would exhibit a value of 843 m2. Keywords: candle; catalyst; content; filter; gas; nm3; tar
• cet-14443 by None (None) - The enhanced tar reforming activity exhibited by the novel catalyst can be attributed to the increased BET surface area (approximately four times greater than that of conventional tar steam reforming catalysts) and the increase in density of NiO. Novel catalyst performance as function of temperatures at different conditions (Tests #7, #8 and #9: tar content = 13.7 g/Nm3, H2Seq = 50 ppmv; GHSV = 13000 h-1; Tests #10, #11 and #12: tar content = 13.7 g/Nm3, H2Seq = 100 ppmv; GHSV = 6000 h-1) Keywords: catalyst; conversion; gas; h2s; ppmv; reforming; steam; tar
• cet-14498 by None (None) - It is seen that in line with the main factors influencing the environmental and energy performance of the residential heating appliances (i.e., fuel quality, appliance technology, operating conditions, user behavior, appliance and stack maintenance conditions) technology oriented strategies such as “technological turnover” of biomass appliances (i.e., replacement of existing biomass heating appliances with 5-star pellet appliances) would bring an important reduction in PM emissions (93%) but would not be completely effective since no significant benefit is seen for NOx emission when transitioning to advanced biomass appliances. However, taking into account adverse effects of biomass combustion emissions on human health and heavy impact on air quality 445 (Naeher et al., 2007) an alternative scenario involving a fuel switch (i.e., from solid biomass to gaseous fuel) is also conceived. Keywords: air; appliances; biomass; combustion; emissions; fuel; gas; heating; lpg; nox; study
• cet-14672 by None (None) - Conclusions This study conducted a numerical study of LPG dispersion on a road for different standard release scenarios, with particular focus on the transformation of the dispersed cloud into an equivalent stoichiometric cloud that yields similar explosion characteristics in a domain of about 150 m from the release. Instead, the study informs on appropriate maximum equivalent gas cloud volumes that can be used as a source of blast, which could be translated to a maximum number of vehicles that should be considered as the blast source, even if more vehicles are present within the flammable region. Keywords: cloud; gas; lpg; release; road; scenarios; vehicles
• cet-14676 by None (None) - The previous Alternative Fuels Infrastructure Directive (AFID, EC 2014) for the creation of an infrastructure for alternatives to fossil fuels in order to reduce emissions in land and maritime transport sector, is increasing natural gas storage (including biomethane) and distribution plants both in compressed and liquefied form (CNG and LNG). Last but not least, green hydrogen generated by electrolytic processes powered by renewable sources is a climate-friendly alternative that could replace natural gas, coal and oil in hard-to-abate industries and transport. Keywords: european; gas; green; hydrogen; lng; orc; projects; regasification; safety; storage; substances; systems; transition
• cet-14683 by None (None) - This review aims to dispel the myths, misinformation and fake facts about hydrogen burner flames in the literature. If hydrogen flames on real burners were invisible, particularly for cooker hobs, then this would be a safety issue. Keywords: burner; electricity; energy; flames; gas; grid; heat; hydrogen; nox; use; wind
• cet-14699 by None (None) - Gases produced from the combustion of the cell were also sampled during the test and collected in gas bags. Figure 1: Scheme of the gas sampling system Figure 2: Gas bag 1 m Ci COMB (t) Keywords: bag; compounds; fire; gas; test; 𝐵 °; 𝐶𝑂𝑀𝐵 °; 𝐶𝑖 𝐵; 𝐶𝑖 𝐶𝑂𝑀𝐵; 𝑉𝑖 𝐵
• cet-14715 by None (None) - Through economic analysis, the results suggest that the proposed retrofit offers potential benefits in terms of operating cost reductions, in particular for flue gases with lower SO2 loads. If post-treatment flue gas reheating is required, e.g., to prevent 571 the occurrence of a visible plume at the stack, or because the existing line includes a tail-end selective catalytic reactor (SCR) for ultra-low NOX emissions, the associated energy penalty more than offsets any cost savings related to lower consumption of reactant in the switch from dry to wet acid gas removal (Dal Pozzo et al., 2023b; Keywords: acid; energy; flue; gas; scr; so2; treatment; waste
• cet-14748 by None (None) - Moreover, the detected odour concentrations are far higher than the ones usually detected in industrial emissions: despite the few available emission limits, expressed in odour concentration, are in the order of 102÷103 ouE/m3 (Pinasseau et al., 2018), the values found in endogenous gas emissions are in the order of millions of ouE/m3. Overall Mt. Amiata measured spot vent emission rates. Keywords: amiata; area; emissions; gas; geothermal; odour; spot
• cet-14760 by None (None) - Electronic noses, also called e-noses are formed by the combination of different gas sensors that transform an odor into an electrical signal and a pattern recognition system (Di Pizio et al., 2020). The main advantage of this device is the inclusion of gas sensors in a smartwatch to detect air pollutants, for that reason the device is optimal for users to monitor the surrounding air quality. Keywords: air; chemical; device; gas; ppm; sensors; smartwatch; toluene
• cet-14762 by None (None) - The ZnO and SnO2 sensors responded when exposed to a CH4 atmosphere. Table 1: Sensors dispersions of nanoparticles Sensor Material MOS NP diameter (nm) Keywords: ch4; co2; concentrations; figure; gas; sensors; sno2; zno
• cet-14768 by None (None) - Technology scouting and selection of a first set of gas sensors to be tested Considering the outcomes of the bibliographic research study focused on the identification of the gaseous compounds in landfill surface emissions and their expected concentrations in ambient air over the landfill surface, we decided to focus on CH4 as main target compound to be detected, both because of its relative abundance (about 50% in landfill gas) and because of its high GH potential. Such activities included: (1) identification of environmentally relevant gases associated with landfill site surface emissions and their concentration ranges; (2) technology scouting of the commercial sensors available on the market and selection of a first set of gas sensors suitable for this application, which were evaluated based on their cost, power consumption, and detection range, as declared by the manufacturer and/or by the scientific literature; (3) preliminary lab testing with relevant gases of the sensors identified in (2) for a first screening and further selection of a subset of sensors to be effectively implemented in the first version of the Sensors Toolbox. Keywords: ch4; co2; concentrations; emissions; gas; landfill; monitoring; ppm; sensors; surface
• cet-14788 by None (None) - Another report stated that internal pipeline corrosion caused more incidents than external pipeline corrosion. In Canada, for example, the Alberta Energy Regulator reported that 42% of 354 pipeline incidents were caused by internal pipeline corrosion (Pipeline Performance, 2023). Keywords: batch; corrosion; gas; injection; pipeline; ppm; rate; test; vci
• cet-1482 by None (None) - Reference Berger C., Dandeu A., Carteret C., Humbert B., Muhr H., Plasari E., Bossoutrot J.M., 2009, Relations for the determination of the polymorphic composition of calcium carbonate precipitated in saturated sodium chloride solutions, Chemical Engineering Transactions 17, 68 –686 Feng B., Yong A.K., An H., 2007, Effect of various factors on the particle size of calcium carbonate formed in a precipitation process, Material Science and Engineering: A 445-446,170-179 Kirboga S., Oner, M., 2013, Effect of the experimental parameters on calcium carbonate precipitation, Chemical Engineering Transactions 32, 2119-2124 Marthur K., 2001, High speed manufacturing process for precipitated calcium carbonate employing sequential pressure carbonation, US Pat. 6,251,356 Mantilaka M.M.M.G.P.G., Karunaratne D.G.G.P., Rajapakse, R.M.G., Pitawala H.M.T.G.A., 2013, Precipitated calcium carbonate/poly(methyl methacrylate) nanocomposite using dolomite: Synthesis, characterization and properties, Powder Technology 235, 628–632 Mohd Sabri S.N., Othman R., Isa N., Othman A., 2016, New approach of synthesizing mineral product from industrial waste, Key Engineering Materials 694, 195-199 Oner M., Calvert P., 1994, The effect of architecture of acrylic polyelectrolytes on inhibition of oxalate crystallization, Materials Science and Engineering: C 2, 93 – 101 Othman A., Isa N., Othman R., 2015, Preparation of precipitated calcium carbonate using additive and without additive, Jurnal Teknologi 77 (3), 49-53 Sangwal K., 2007, Additives and Crystallization Processes, Wiley, West Sussex, England, 298-299 Teir S., Eloneva S., Zevenhoven R., 2005, Production of precipitated calcium carbonate from calcium silicates and carbon dioxide, Energy Conversion and Management 46, 2954–2979 Ukrainczyk M., Kontrec J., Babic-Ivancic V., Brecevic L., Kralj D., 2007. The two experiments without terpineol used sucrose as additive and the flow rate of carbon dioxide gas introduced into the calcium sucrate solutions were 0.2 L/min and 2 L/min. Keywords: calcium; carbonate; co2; flow; gas; min; pcc; terpineol
• cet-15051 by None (None) - The drastic reduction in Russian energy imports has resulted in only a minimal decrease in the volume of imported oil and a 10 % decrease in natural gas imports in 2023 compared to 2022. Third, advancing energy system sustainability and security requires significant investments in energy storage and grid flexibility. Keywords: consumption; electricity; energy; gas; hungary; imports; security; storage; trilemma
• cet-15298 by None (None) - These findings demonstrate that the improved performance of the membrane at high CO₂ %vol feed concentrations is primarily due to enhanced permeability, though selectivity may be compromised at extreme levels of CO2 in the multicomponent feed gas. Figures 4a and 4b illustrate the effects of feed CO₂ concentration on CO₂ recovery, retention coefficient, stage cut, and selectivity in a membrane system. Keywords: capture; co2; concentrations; co₂; feed; gas; membrane; separation
• cet-15300 by None (None) - 4.1.2 Analysis of the fluid dynamics The analysis of the fluid dynamics of the columns for the pilot plant with an absorption column diameter equal to 0.55 m has been carried out in order to determine the operating range of flue gas flowrate without critical issues in fluid dynamics and the related energy consumptions. [m] 0.3937 0.3937 0.28 0.21 Packing type Norton Pall 3.5” Mellapak 250X Mellapak 250X Mellapak 250X 4.2.2 Analysis of the fluid dynamics The pilot plant with the absorption column with a diameter of ~ 0.40 m can operate, without critical issues in the fluid dynamics, in range of flue gas flowrate between -1 % and +5 % compared to the base case flowrate. Keywords: absorption; co2; column; flowrate; flue; flue gas; gas; pilot; pilot plant; plant
• cet-15319 by None (None) - 411 Figure 2: Reaction path of C4F7N with (n)H20 water molecule relative to the energy of (-982,436603 a.u) Figure 3: Variation of Gibbs free energy of fluoronitrile hydrolysis reactions under the influence of temperature (K) 412 Temperature rises above ambient conditions during arcing in the circuit breaker; therefore, it should be considered to determine the free energy at a higher temperature. C3F10O (Xiao et al., 2017), NSCI (Zhen Guo, Cunyuan Zhao, David Lee Phillips, Evan G. Robertson, 2008), and aldehyde (Wang et al., 2018), molecules are also showing the same behaviour. Keywords: c4f7n; chemical; energy; et al; gas; hydrolysis; reaction
• cet-15320 by None (None) - Conversely, increasing the bed height provides more adsorbent material available for CO2 adsorption reaction, enhancing the overall adsorption capacity and delaying the breakthrough occurrence, thus improving the CO2 removal efficiency. 𝐷𝑒𝑓𝑓 and 𝑘′ depend on the reaction progress and include corrections to take into account the presence of a molten eutectic phase of Li2CO3/K2CO3 in the product layer and an initial nucleation stage of the reaction products, respectively, as found by the authors in a previous kinetic study of CO2 adsorption on doped Li4SiO4 (Stefanelli et al., 2025). Keywords: adsorption; bed; co2; gas; li4sio4; pellets; reactor; 𝐶𝐶𝑂2
• cet-15355 by None (None) - By integrating this trend with additional data on pressure drop and operating gas flow rates, a more complete understanding of scrubber performance can be achieved. In addition, gas flow through the open channel design minimizes pressure drop and prevents blockage, improving overall system performance. Keywords: absorption; efficiency; flow; gas; jet; liquid; mass; pressure; rates; scrubber; transfer
• cet-15361 by None (None) - The hydrogen content of the gas product is higher in the cases of PE Gasoline and PE Gas oil raw material than standard fuels. However, at 850°C by PE Gas oil raw material can be generated the highest concentration of ethylene (39.4V/V%). Keywords: case; cracking; gas; gasoline; material; oil; steam
• cet-15367 by None (None) - By analysing accidental chemical reactions and historical incidents, this study aims to develop a structured hazard classification tool to support risk assessment, storage optimization and safer handling of chemical reagents. Van Nostrand Reinhold Company Inc. Library of congress Catalog Card Number 87-2084 ISBN 0-442-28208-7 Margossian N., 2010, Treating chemical risk, risk and hazard science, LAVOISIER, Paris, France (in French) Keywords: acid; chemical; formation; gas; hydrogen; peroxide; reactions; risk; safety; scenario; siaap; treatment; wastewater
• cet-15372 by None (None) - Leonzio G., Hankin A., Shah N., 2024, CO2 electrochemical reduction: A state-of-the-art review with economic and environmental analyses, Chemical Engineering Research and Design, 208, 934-955. Sheng W., 2017, Electrochemical reduction of CO2 to synthesis gas with controlled CO/H2 ratios, Energy & Environmental Science, 10, 1180-1185. Keywords: co2; cuo; gas; materials; properties; ratio; reduction; reference
• cet-15373 by None (None) - Among the various innovative approaches to ammonia production, there are electrocatalytic processes that exploit electrical energy to drive the reactions and can be perfectly integrated with the current energy transition, although the electrocatalysis remains far from industrial standards (Tavella et al., 2022). The N2 adsorbs on the catalyst surface and reacts with the protons diffusing from the proton- exchange membrane (Tavella et al., 2022). Keywords: al2o3; ammonia; cnts; fe2o3; figure; gas; nitrogen
• cet-15374 by None (None) - Figures 4a, b, c and d show the Nyquist plots of EIS data with and without light irradiation, in liquid phase and in gas phase conditions. Note that in the GP configuration, an inert gas stream transported the ethanol vapour to the anode operating in gas phase. Keywords: cell; configuration; electrode; ethanol; gas; liquid; phase; photo
• cet-15380 by None (None) - Hilligardt K., Werther J., 1987, Influence of temperature and properties of solids on the size and growth of bubbles in gas fluidized beds, Chemical Engineering & Technology, 10, 272–280. Sh – Sherwood number, - U – superficial gas velocity, m/s Ub – bubble velocity, m/s Ue – emulsion phase velocity, m/s Umf – minimum fluidization velocity, m/s X – bubble-emulsion phase mass transfer index, - xCO – CO conversion, -  – bubble fraction, - ε – voidage, - εe – emulsion phase voidage, - εmf – voidage at minimum fluidization conditions, - ρp – particle density, kg/m3 𝜙 – sphericity, - ρp – particle density, kg/m3 Acknowledgments The authors gratefully acknowledge Mr. Antonio Cammarota for the set-up of the experimental apparatus, and Mr. Antonio Russo, University of Naples, for the support during the experimental campaign. Keywords: bed; bubble; emulsion; fluidization; gas; mass; phase; transfer; velocity; voidage
• cet-15400 by None (None) - 4. Conclusions The effects of hydrophobic coatings on liquid holdup and mass transfer in structured packings were systematically investigated. The coating significantly reduces the amount of liquid retained in the column during operation, this effect is most noticeable at high liquid flow rates. Keywords: coating; column; contact; flow; gas; holdup; liquid; mass; packings; surface; transfer
• cet-15411 by None (None) - Case 1, USL 1 m/s, WG 30000 kg/h. Pressure (x), liquid holdup (∆), liquid velocity (◊) 964 The first calculation with gas flow at 20000 kg/h generates a stratified flow and no intermittent flow pattern is found. m/s 2.00 2.84 3.67 4.52 5.38 7.17 Flow pattern strat strat- wav slug strat strat strat-wav As previously discussed, there is no two-phase flow for gas flow rates below 9100 kg/h. Figure 3. Keywords: flow; gas; liquid; oil; phase
• cet-15426 by None (None) - Instead, the supply of heat energy relies on a combination of decentralised and centralised systems. The need for sustainable heating solutions becomes even more urgent when considering the recent changes in energy demand observed in Pamplona. Keywords: capacity; cost; emissions; energy; gas; heat; heating; pamplona; systems
• cet-15431 by None (None) - Elisabetta Brunazzi* Dipartimento di Ingegneria Civile e Industriale, Università di Pisa, Largo Lucio Lazzarino 2, Pisa, 56122, Italy elisabetta.brunazzi@unipi.it This study introduces a comprehensive novel analysis of pressure drop signals in both flooded and partially flooded packed beds. Such a system could form the basis of an advanced control strategy, 1081 where pressure drop signals are continuously analyzed to identify hydrodynamic transitions. Keywords: analysis; drop; figure; flooding; flow; frequency; gas; liquid; pressure; signals
• cet-15436 by None (None) - The best-performing model achieved an 𝑅2 score of 0.982 and a Mean Squared Error (MSE) of 4.878 × 10⁻⁴, demonstrating that RTA data effectively supports BHP prediction and that DT models are well-suited for this application. This study used a ML model to determine BHP using RTA data provided by SPE. Keywords: analysis; data; dataset; gas; models; oil; pressure; rta; variables; volume
• cet-15604 by None (None) - Accounting for these interactions in the design of control strategies for carbon capture facility is important in ensuring reliable facility operation. Startup of gas turbine units/PCC unit is also an important case to consider. Keywords: amine; capture; co2; control; facility; gas; pcc; unit
• cet-15748 by None (None) - 4. Results The analysis of the selection criteria indicates that the applicability of carbon capture technologies primarily depends on the CO₂ concentration of the gas stream, the energy required for separation and regeneration, and the presence of impurities. Conclusions and further research steps The suitability and implementation of carbon capture technologies are highly dependent on several key factors, including the specific application, the concentration of CO2 in the gas mixture, the chemical composition of the CO2 environment (e.g., presence of water vapor, acidic substances, and solid particles), and the prevailing physical conditions such as temperature and pressure (Thiedemann and Wark, 2025). Keywords: adsorption; capture; carbon; carbon capture; chemical; co2; co₂; doi; efficiency; energy; gas; membrane; processes; separation; technologies
• Comparative Study of Natural Gas Adsorption Isotherms on KOH and H3PO4 Palm Kernel Shells Porous Activated Carbon by Nasri, N.S.; Martel, H.; Abbas, I.M.H.I.; Hayatu, U.S.; Zain, H.M.; Abdulrasheed, A.; Mohsin, R.; Majid, Z.A.; Rashid, N.M.; Sharer, Z.; Garba, A. (2017) - PKS activated carbon showed the development of porosity in the materials after carbonisation and microwave activation as shown in SEM and BET results. BET results showed that the total pore volume of PKS activated carbon is high and within the micro-pore range, which implies that it is suitable for gas phase adsorption applications. Keywords: adsorption; carbon; figure; gas; malaysia; palm; pks; pressure; samples; surface
• Use of Ozone Gas as a Green Control Alternative to Beetles Alphitobius diaperinus (Panzer) Infestation in Aviary Bed Utilized in the Poultry Industry by Soares, C.E.D.S.; Weber, A.; Moecke, E.S.; Reiter, M.G.; Scussel, V.M.; Krebs De Souza, C. (2018) - O3 gas insects mortality confirmation - insects death confirmation per O3 gas concentration and exposure were registered. The aim of this study was to determine the efficacy of O3 gas treatment to eliminate beetles A. diaperinus development both, at adult and larvae stages. Keywords: adult; application; beetles; control; diaperinus; gas; insects; larvae; ozone; poultry
• cet-2768 by None (None) - Figure 3: Foam (a) without Betaines; (b) with Betaines Figure 4: (a) Foam collapse completely at about 5 minutes for PEGB; and foam height at 60 minutes for (b) PEGDME and (c) LS Figure 5: Foam height versus time with different polymeric surfactant 3.4 Effects of crude oil on foam stability This section aims to examine the destruction mechanism on AOS-stabilized foam when oil is present. The effects of different types of crude oil on foam stability were also analyzed. Keywords: aos; crude; foam; gas; height; oil; stability; surfactant
• cet-2770 by None (None) - 4.1.1 Basic assumptions of coal seam gas movement The movement of gas in coal seams is very complicated. Figure 3: Schematic diagram of the model 4.2 Results analysis Through simulated calculation of the above model, the following results are obtained: (1) The gas pressure distribution is shown in Figures 4 and 5 when the hole spacing is 1.6m. Figure 4: Gas pressure in surrounding coal seams after 30-days drainage Figure 5: Gas pressure in surrounding coal seams after 150-days drainage (2) Keywords: coal; coal seam; drainage; drill; face; gas; hole; spacing
• Numerical Simulation of Mass Transfer of Slug Flow in Microchannel by Li, Y.; Lv, H. (2018) - When residence time was defined as the length of gas bubble divided by gas liquid relative velocity, liquid side mass transfer coefficient was to penetration theory (Haghnegahdar et al., 2016). It is difficult to measure liquid side mass transfer coefficient in the narrow microchannel. Keywords: coefficient; film; flow; gas; liquid; mass; slug; transfer
• Evaluation of the Impact of Nitrous oxide use on Quality and Shelf life of Packaged Fresh-cut ‘Iceberg’ Lettuce and Wild Rocket by Ansah, F.A.; Amodio, M.L.; Colelli, G. (2015) - The results suggested that nitrous oxide gas does not improve quality compared nitrogen modified atmosphere storage. Weight retention in gas sealed lettuce may have resulted from the steam barrier properties of the PP+PA and PP+PET packaging materials (Carvalho and Clemente, 2004). Keywords: cut; gas; lettuce; n2o; pp+pa; pp+pet; rocket; storage
• Shelf Life Extension of Raspberry: Passive and Active Modified Atmosphere Inside Master Bag Solutions by Adobati, A.; Uboldi, E.; Franzetti, L.; Limbo, S. (2015) - During raspberry life, physiological decay occurs due to the high respiration rates. We observed the most satisfactory behaviour in raspberries storage was found by using the lowest barrier master bags (C) with maximum rejection of 10 % at the final stage of the test. Keywords: carbon; dioxide; gas; life; master; oxygen; packaging; quality; raspberries; shelf; storage
• CFD Based Reproduction of Amuay Refinery Accident 2012 by Mishra Kirti, Bhushan; Schmidt, Simon; Wehrstedt, Klaus-Dieter (2016) - Turbulence is a main reason for fluid mixing in shear layers of adjacent fluid phases and is important for the spreading and dilution of gas clouds. on the Assessment and Control of Major Hazards, The Institution of Chemical, 143-164 Hyatt N., 2003, Guidelines for Process Hazards Analysis (PHA, HAZOP), Hazards Identification, and Risk Analysis, CRC-Press, Boca Raton (Florida), U.S. Koopman, R.P., Ermak, D.L., Chan, S.T., 1989, A review of recent field tests and mathematical modelling of atmospheric dispersion of large spills of denser-than-air gases, Atmospheric Environment, 23, 731-745 Luketa-Hanlin A., Koopman R.P., Ermak D.L., 2007, On the application of computational fluid dynamics codes for liquefied natural gas dispersion, 140, 504-517 Mannan, S., 2015, Lees' Loss prevention in the process industries: Hazard identification, assessment and control, Elsevier Butterworth-Heinemann, Oxford, UK McQuaid J., 1984, Large scale experiments on the dispersion of heavy gas clouds, Atmospheric Dispersion of Heavy Gases and Small Particles, 129-138 Menter F.R., Kuntz M., Langtry R., 2003, Ten years of industrial experience with the SST turbulence model, Turbulence, Heat and Mass Transfer, 4 Mishra K.B., Wehrstedt K.D., Krebs H., 2014, Amuay refinery disaster: The aftermaths and challenges ahead, Fuel Processing Technology, 119, 198-203 Pasquill F., Smith F.B., 1983, Atmospheric diffusion, Ellis Horwood Ltd, Hemel Hempstead, UK Petroleum world, http://www.petroleumworld.com/storyt13091001.htm, accessed 07.08.2015 Puttock J.S., Colenbrander G.W., 1985, Thorney Island data and dispersion modeling, Journal of Hazardous Materials, 11, 381-397 Sklavounos S., Rigas F., 2004, Validation of turbulence models in heavy gas dispersion over obstacles, Journal of Hazardous Materials, 108, 9-2 Tauseef S.M., Rashtchian D., Abbasi T., Abbasi, S.A., 2011, A method for simulation of vapour cloud explosions based on computational fluid dynamics (CFD), Journal of Loss Prevention in the Process Industries, 24, 638-647 12 Keywords: boundary; cloud; dispersion; gas; lpg; refinery; time; wind
• LNG-Engine Safety: Design of Protective Measures Using CFD by van Wingerden, Kees; Salaun, Nicolas (2016) - The current paper addresses two aspects: the possibility of explosions in gas engine exhausts and the possibility and mitigation of hazards associated with gas releases into the building containing the gas engine, sometimes referred to as the powerhouse. To limit the consequences of such exhaust pipe explosions explosion vents can be installed. Keywords: exhaust; explosion; flacs; gas; ignition; release
• Artificial Diagnosis of Sensory Taints Due to Brettanomyces spp. Contamination in Valpolicella Wines by Franceschi, D.; Cavalet, E.; Boatto, V.; Conte, G.; Bravi, M. (2016) - Figure 4: Time evolution of individual electronic nose sensor detection of untainted wine (VTQ), synthetically tainted wine (VTQ+STD) and naturally tainted wine (VC) of sensor 1 and 3. Table 1: Matrix of p-values of individual electronic nose sensor detections of untainted wine (VTQ), synthetically tainted wine (VTQ+STD) and naturally tainted wine (VC) of sensors 1 to 8 after 0, 1 and 2 days from the opening of the wine bottle. (B) View of the electronic nose sparkling wine sample assaying setup showing: 1. the E-nose; 2. Keywords: analysis; chemical; data; figure; gas; nose; sample; sensor; time; wine
• Explosion Parameters of Coke Oven Gas in 1 m3 Explosion Chamber by Skrinsky, J.; Veres, J.; Peer, V.; Friedel, P.; Travnickova, J.; Dalecka, A. (2016) - The maximum pressure rise rate, dP/dTmax, during gas explosions in enclosures and the deflagration index, Kst, are important explosion characteristics of premixture. 3.2 Deflagration index and maximum rate of pressure rise The maximum pressure rise rate during gas explosions in enclosures, (dP/dt)max, and the deflagration index, KG, are important explosion characteristics of premixture. Keywords: air; bar; chamber; coke; explosion; gas; maximum; pressure; vol.%
• The Burning Velocity of Pulverised Biomass: the Influence of Particle Size by Saeed, M.; Slatter, D.M.; Andrews, G.; Phylaktou, H.; Gibbs, B. (2016) - [Satter et al., 2012, 2014] and for dust explosions it was influenced by the initial ball of hot chemical ignitor products. 33 5. Results A feature of dust explosions in the ISO 1 m3 equipment, that is rarely commented in the literature, is that about half of the powder injected remains on the floor of the vessel at the end of the test Keywords: andrews; biomass; dust; explosion; flame; gas; phylaktou; standard
• A Risk-based MILP Approach for Optimal Placement of Flammable Gas Detectors by Rad, A.; Rashtchian, D. (2016) - It provides heuristic criteria for risk volume DOI: 10.3303/CET1653025 Please cite this article as: Rad A., Rashtchian D., 2016, A risk-based milp approach for optimal placement of flammable gas detectors, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 53, 145-150 DOI: 10.3303/CET1653025 145 definition and spacing of detectors. Optimization: problem formulation The risk based MILP formulation for optimal placement of flammable gas detectors is given by: min f = ( , ) ,∀ ∈∀ ∈ (4) Subject to: ∀ ≤ (5) ,∀ ∈ = 1, ∀ ∈ (6 , ≤ , ∀ ∈ , ∈ (7) ∈ {0,1} (8) 0 ≤ , ≤ 1 (9) The formulation is an extension of Legg's work (Legg,2012) called SP formulation. Keywords: data; detection; detectors; dispersion; gas; release; risk; scenario; set
• A Framework for Probabilistic Seismic Risk Assessment of NG Distribution Networks by Zanini, M.A.; Vianello, C.; Faleschini, F.; Hofer, L.; Maschio, G. (2016) - It is therefore essential to perform seismic risk assessment of NG buried pipelines systems with the aim to identify potential criticalities and avoid significant consequences. For such reasons, this work illustrates the proposal of a probabilistic framework for seismic risk assessment of NG lifelines. Keywords: assessment; earthquake; event; gas; pipe; pipeline; release; risk; values
• Extended Composite Table Algorithm for Optimal Planning of Unconventional Gas Field Development by Parand, R.; Foo, D.C.Y.; Ooi, R.E.H.; Tan, R.R.; Lee, J.-Y. (2017) - The decision for the amount of CO2 removal from sour gas is made by considering the trade-off between the capital/operating cost of gas sweetening units and adopting gas blending with lower CO2 content from other sources. The blending of sour gas with sweet gas (SG) with lower CO2 content to meet the required specification of sales gas is a common practice in the industry, in order to reduce dependency on gas sweeting units, or to optimize the units with lower design capacities to meet affordability. Keywords: co2; cta; field; flowrate; gas; pinch; sweetening
• cet-4053 by None (None) - Based on the analysis above, the evaluation management theory, the sustainable development theory, and the system theory could be used as a guidance to study evaluation indexation system of evaluation development in oil fields. As is shown in Figure 1, oil fields could maintain a balance between core and noncore businesses under the guidance of the evaluation management theory; the core and noncore businesses could develop into a dynamic organism under the guidance of system theory; oil fields could realize its dynamic balance with natural resource, environment, economy, and society under the guidance of the theory of sustainable development, so as to achieve the final goal of evaluation sustainable development (Cai et al., 2013). Keywords: basin; businesses; development; evaluation; fields; gas; oil; salt; shale
• cet-4344 by None (None) - Sealing is the main task of gas rings, namely sealing the gas, to prevent the gas of combustion chamber to flow into the crankcase, and to keep the amount of gas leakage as few as possible (Kong (1992), Lu (2014)). [Maintenance and Reliability], 48 (4), 72-81 Krisada W., Somchai C., 2008, Surachai S, Simulation algorithm for piston ring dynamics,Simulation Modelling Practice and Theory, 16(1), 127-146, DOI: 10.1016/j.simpat.2007 Lu P., Zhang Y., Zhang M.H., Liu X.R., 2014, Simulation and analysis of the effect of piston ring group parameters on blow-by, Journal of Chinese Agricultural Mechanization, 35(2), 193-197, DOI: 10.13733/j.jcam.issn.2095-5553.2014.02.047 Mohammed, U., Gokhale N., Pardeshi S., Gokhale U., Kumar M.N., 2015, Analysis of parameters affecting liner bore distortion in diesel engines, SAE Technical Papers, DOI: 10.4271/2015-26-0178 Poort M., Cheng C., Richardson Dan., Schock H., 2014, Piston ring and groove side wear analysis for diesel engines, ASME 2014 Internal Combustion Engine Division Fall Technical Conference, DOI: 10.1115/ICEF2014-5670 Poort M., Cheng C., Richardson D., Schock H., 2015, Piston ring and groove side wear analysis for diesel engines, Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power, 137(11) DOI: 10.1115/1.4030290 Senatore A., Aleksendric D., 2014, Engine piston rings improvement through effective materials, advanced manufacturing methods and novel design shape, Industrial Lubrication and Tribology, 66(2), 298-305, DOI: 10.1108/ILT-01-2012-0010 Su Y.Y., Wang B.J., 1998, The blow-by analysis of engine piston ring, Journal of University of Shanghai Keywords: chamber; combustion; gas; leakage; piston; piston ring; pressure; ring
• cet-4450 by None (None) - A publication of The Italian Association of Chemical Engineering www.aidic.it/cet Guest Editors: Petar Sabev Varbanov, Jiří Jaromír Klemeš, Sharifah Rafidah Wan Alwi, Jun Yow Yong, Xia Liu Copyright © 2015, AIDIC Servizi S.r.l., ISBN 978-88-95608-36-5; ISSN 2283-9216 DOI: 10.3303/CET1545043 Please cite this article as: Molina C.T., Bouallou C., 2015, Carbon dioxide absorption by ammonia intensified with membrane contactors, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 45, 253-258 DOI:10.3303/CET1545043 253 Carbon Dioxide Absorption by Ammonia Intensified with Membrane Contactors Carol Toro Molina, Chakib Bouallou* MINES ParisTech, PSL Research University - Centre for Energy efficiency of Systems, 60 bd Saint Michel, 75006 To improve and reduce these costs, membrane contactor, has been developed and coupled to the chemical absorption. Keywords: absorption; ammonia; capture; co2; efficiency; gas; membrane; solution
• cet-4652 by None (None) - Ning and Koros (2014) fabricated carbon membrane from Matrimid 5218 ,under an inert argon atmosphere at 800°C while Favvas and coworkers (2007) prepared carbon membrane by carbonization process up to 900 °C using Matrimid 5218 and result in high performance of carbon membranes. Recently, there has been a growing interest in the development of gas separation by using carbon membrane as it may give high separation performance (Wey et al., 2014). Keywords: carbon; ch4; co2; gas; matrimid; membrane; performance; polymer; separation
• cet-520 by None (None) - Messineo A., Pann G., 2011, LNG cold energy use in agro-food industry: a case study in Sicily. Franco A., Casarosa C., 2015, Thermodynamic analysis of direct expansion configurations for electricity production by LNG cold energy recovery, Applied Thermal Engineering, 78, 649–657. Keywords: cold; cost; cycle; efficiency; energy; gas; heat; lng; optimization; table
• cet-5291 by None (None) - Figure 2 Breakthrough curves (Concentration vs. time) of DMS: A, different concentrations; B, different injection depth of gas; C, different air flow rate; D, with or without magnetic stirrer. Reaction 2 Figure 3 Removal efficiency of DMS under different processing conditions Figure 4 Examples of DMS concentration (m/z 63) when inject ozone and the fluctuation of dissolved ozone in the bubble reactor. Keywords: air; bubble; concentration; dms; flow; gas; ozone; reactor; removal
• cet-5931 by None (None) - Results of the two approaches were compared in order to obtain: 1) a cross check of the CFD results in open field (thus validating the effectiveness of the CFD models in predicting the effect of atmospheric turbulence in open field, where the integral model are largely validated); 2) a validation of the CFD capacity in describing the interaction between high momentum jets and geometrical obstacles in the near field, verifying that the initial loss of momentum of the impinged jet would resolve in lower initial fresh air entrainment and therefore longed damage distances; 3) a comparison between CFD and integral methods predictions of impinged jet damage distances, to verify the over-conservative approach of integral methods; 4) a solid and time effective simulation approach to be applied in a massive number of CFD runs to build up a criterion to evaluate the best available model for impinged jet dispersions. Pontiggia M., Landucci G., Busini V., Derudi M., Alba M., Scaioni M., Bonvicini S., Cozzani V., Rota R., 2011, CFD model simulation of LPG dispersion in urban areas, Atmospheric Environment, 45, 3913-3923. Keywords: cfd; dispersion; field; gas; jet; models; obstacles; pontiggia; results
• cet-7010 by None (None) - Partial substitution of combustion air with high purity oxygen is beneficial for many reasons like increase of adiabatic temperature of flame, fuel savings; decrease of volume of produced emissions, higher product quality and better flame properties. Next increase of the amount of combustion air resulted in significant decrease of flame temperature peaks due to flame cooling by ballast air and consequently in NO reduction. Keywords: air; burner; combustion; formation; fuel; gas; nox; nozzles
• Adsorption of Methane and Carbon Dioxide on Activated Carbon and ZIF-8 (Zeolitic Imidazolate Framework) by Soodsuansi, Chutima; Kulprathipunja, Santi; Ratanatawanate, Chalita; Rangsunvigit, Pramoch (2018) - The open metal site should have low interaction towards carbon dioxide, which is a significant challenge in applying MOFs for high methane adsorption with low carbon dioxide adsorption. Djeridi, W., Ouederni, A., Wiersum, A.D., Llewellyn, P.L. and El Mir, L., 2013, High pressure methane adsorption on microporous carbon monoliths prepared by olives stones, Materials Letters, 99, 184-187. Keywords: adsorbents; adsorption; carbon; dioxide; gas; methane; micropore; surface
• Co-Processing of High-Sulphur Gas Oil and Waste with High Fatty Acid Content by Toth, Orsolya; Hollo, Andras; Hancsok, Jeno (2018) - Results and discussion 3.1 Yield Based on the comparison of the yields of products form different feedstocks under the same conditions we found that with higher fatty acid fraction content in the feedstock the yield of the main products decreased (Figure 1). With higher fatty acid fraction content in the feedstock the share of DCOx reactions increased compared to the share of HDO reactions. Keywords: acid; content; fatty; feedstocks; gas; oil; products; reactions; sulphur
• Incorporating Game Theory in the Life Cycle Optimization of Decentralized Supply Chains by Gao, J.; You, F. (2017) - i p i p c k t i p P c C k K t T TE TE TE TE TE TE esd NN esp SP efw FW ewt WW epc STP est lsp STP                                        TNL TNLpng TNGvp STP dr dr dr vpx PC STP dr                                      Keywords: c k; gas; k k; k t; shale; t c; t t;  
• Natural Gas Oxy-combustion with Flue Gas Recycling for CO2 Capture. by Bensakhria, A.; Leturia, M. (2010) - The results showed that the natural gas oxy-combustion with flue gas recycling offers excellent retrofitting potential for conventional natural gas combustion system. This paper presents several experiments of natural gas combustion using air (or enriched air) or a mixture of pure oxygen mixed to recycled flue gas (O2/CO2/H2O) as oxidizer. Keywords: air; combustion; flue; gas; oxy
• cet-8285 by None (None) - Analyzing calculation results from Figure 4 we can note, that entering into network gas flow with overpressure of pwe,Z1 = 2.2 kPa it is impossible to provide gas supply to all output nodes with overpressure of p > 1.7 kPa (as gas overpressure in node is pA147 < 1.8 kPa). Tao W.Q. and Ti H.C., 1998, Transient analysis of gas pipeline network. Keywords: flow; gas; network; node; overpressure; pipeline
• cet-8288 by None (None) - The optimized parameters for first approach Tshell (K) TF (K) Particle size(m) 550.0792 552.5302 0.0035 The simulation of membrane reactor is carried out using optimization results in Table 1 and the results of this simulation are shown in several figures. Optimal catalyst size and temperature profile along the reactor were obtained and 3.1815 % additional C5 + yield was resulted in optimized system relative to membrane FTS reactor. Keywords: catalyst; gas; gasoline; hydrogen; membrane; reactor; synthesis
• cet-8919 by None (None) - Test results and analysis 3.1 Influence of ignition energy o gas explosion pressure First, the influence of ignition energy on gas explosion pressure was studied. References Ajrash M.J., Zanganeh J., Moghtaderi B., 2016, Effects of ignition energy on fire and explosion characteristics of dilute hybrid fuel in ventilation air methane, Journal of Loss Prevention in the Process Industries, 40(10), 207-216, DOI:10.1016/j.jlp.2015.12.014 Benedetto A.D., Garciaagreda A., Russo P., Sanchirico R., 2012, Combined effect of ignition energy and initial turbulence on the explosion behavior of lean gas/dust-air mixtures, Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research, 51(22), 7663-7670, DOI:10.1021/ie201664a Cui G., Zeng W., Li Z., Fu Y., Li H., Chen J., 2016, Experimental study of minimum ignition energy of methane/air mixtures at elevated temperatures and pressures, Fuel, 175, 257-263, DOI:10.1016/j.fuel.2016.02.025 Dumitrache C., Boissiere A., Baumgardner M., Marchese A., Yalin A., Maria A., Roucis J., 2015, Laser ignition of methane-air mixtures: an investigation of the lean limit and minimum ignition energy, Value in Health, 9(6), A230, DOI:10.1364/lic.2015.w3a.4 Jiang B., Lin B., Shi S., Zhu C., Ning J., 2012, Numerical simulation on the influences of initial temperature and initial pressure on attenuation characteristics and safety distance of gas explosion, Combustion Science & Technology, 184(2), 135-150, DOI:10.1080/00102202.2011.622321 Jiang B., Lin B., Shi S., Zhu C., Qian L., Cheng Z., 2012, A numerical simulation of the influence initial temperature has on the propagation characteristics of, and safe distance from, a gas explosion, International Journal of Mining Science and Technology, 22(3), 307-310, DOI:10.1016/j.ijmst.2012.04.004 Lei P., Tian J., Wei Y., Xu Y., 2012, Hazard characteristics from gas explosion in underground constructions, Procedia Engineering, 43, 293-296, DOI:10.1016/j.proeng.2012.08.050 Li R.Z., Huang Z.C., Si R.J., 2013, Influence of environmental temperature on gas explosion pressure and its rise rate, Explosion & Shock Waves, 33(4), 415-419. Keywords: energy; explosion; explosion pressure; gas; gas explosion; ignition; ignition energy; pressure
• The Technique of Extracting and Detecting Athletes' Oral Odors Based on the Analysis of Biological Characteristics by Liu, Yu; Fan, Yimeng; Jia, Baomin (2018) - Oral odors are sometimes only mental and sometimes temporary, but athletes’ oral odors are an important indicator of physical health (Migliario, 2011) and are early symptoms of certain diseases (Rosenberg, 2006), such as gastrointestinal diseases, diabetes (Calloway, 1969), liver diseases and other diseases, which occur with oral odors. As shown in the figure, pathological oral odors are classified into oral and non-oral odors, of which about 80% of oral odors are caused by oral diseases. Keywords: analysis; diseases; extraction; figure; gas; odors; patients; people
• Photocatalyst Technology for Deodorization in Household Refrigerator Based on Odor Removal by Zhao, Lingling (2018) - Photocatalyst deodorization technology integrated with the traditional refrigerator odor removal, air filter and adsorption, plasma and other technologies organically will significantly improve the purification effect of odor gas, and push forward the upgrade of refrigerator deodorization technology. ISBN 978-88-95608-65-5; ISSN 2283-9216 Photocatalyst Technology for Deodorization in Household Refrigerator Based on Odor Removal Lingling Zhao School of Information and Electrical Engineering, Ludong University, Yantai 264025, China zll765200@163.com This paper describes what the sources of odor gas are in the refrigerator and analyzes how well the existing deodorization technology seems like. Keywords: air; concentration; deodorization; effect; gas; odor; photocatalyst; rate; reaction; refrigerator; surface; tio2
• Comparative Evaluation of a Biotrickling Filter and a Tubular Photobioreactor for the Continuous Abatement of Toluene by Angeles, Roxana; Oliva, Giuseppina; Zarra, Tiziano; Naddeo, Vincenzo; Belgiorno, Vincenzo; Munoz, Raul; Lebrero, Raquel (2018) - Similar REs of 89 ± 3 % (with an average EC of 12.8 ± 3.1 g m-3 h-1) and mineralization ratios of 42 % were recorded in stage III at a GRT of 45 s. Finally, in stage IV, the system demonstrated its capacity to cope with higher toluene inlet concentrations, maintaining previous removals and reaching maximum ECs = 20.9 ± 1.5 g m-3 h-1. Cin, tol: inlet toluene concentration; Keywords: btf; co2; gas; h-1; m-3; stage; toluene; tpbr
• cet-9234 by None (None) - If the applied gas load to the column exceeds a certain limit a slight increase in pressure drop and liquid hold up becomes recognizable. This strong increase of pressure drop is followed by a maximum which is usually accompanied by significant entrainment. Keywords: drop; gas; liquid; loads; operating; pressure; speed
• cet-9240 by None (None) - ISBN 978-88-95608-66-2; ISSN 2283-9216 Hydraulic and Mass Transfer Performances of a Commercial Hybrid Packing: The RSP200X - Key Modelling Parameters for Gas Treatment Applications Pascal Alixa *, John Roeslera, Xavier Courtialb, Gauthier Perdub, Michael Schultesc a IFP Energies nouvelles, BP 3, 69360 Solaize, France b PROSERNAT Tour PACIFIC, 11-13 cours Valmy, 92977, Paris La Défense Cedex, France c RASCHIG GmbH, Mundenheimer Straße 100, D-67061 Ludwigshafen, Germany pascal.alix@ifpen.fr The use of the last generation of Raschig’s structured packings, Raschig SuperPack (RSP) has been investigated for scrubbing columns operating at high liquid loads, for their potential to increase capacity while maintaining mass transfer efficiencies at high levels. IFPEN has measured pressure drops, flooding limits, liquid and gas side mass transfer coefficients and interfacial areas for the RSP 200X. Flooding limits were in agreement with literature, however at high liquid loads and for tested X-Style RSP they were 30-40% lower than those calculated with the Winsorp Software. Keywords: column; gas; ifpen; liquid; transfer; wang
• cet-9875 by None (None) - Figure 1: Schematic diagram of bi or tri-reforming based methanol process 3. However, only captured CO2 from flue gases by absorption or other technologies is utilized as an input to methanol processes in this paper. Keywords: co2; cost; gas; methanol; reactor; reforming; tri

• Integration of Heat Pump Storage Systems in Manufacturing Systems via Data Farming and Monte Carlo Simulation by Seevers, Jan-Peter; Schlosser, Florian (2019) - 376 Figure 4: Heat sink storage sizes in m³ for standby scenario 2 and varying HP sizes After having chosen the 5 % and 10 % HP sizes for both scenarios, four statistical distributions of the heat sink storage sizing are the output of another 4*200=800 storage dimensioning calculations. They support the core statements of the research of Stoltze et al. (1995) that a theoretically large number of heat storages (double the number of process streams) can be reduced to a few. 5. Keywords: flow; heat; material; simulation; standby; storage
• Comparison of Graphical Tools for Targeting and Retrofit of Heat Exchanger Networks by Li, Bao-Hong; Li, Ji-Wen (2019) - Lai Y.Q., Manan Z.A., Wan Alwi S.R. Simultaneous diagnosis and retrofit of heat exchanger network via individual process stream mapping. Linnhoff B., Flower J.R. Synthesis of heat exchanger networks. Keywords: energy; exchanger; heat; hen; network; retrofit; step
• Extending the Use of Welded Plate Heat Exchangers to Multi-Stream Applications by Martínez-Rodríguez, Guillermo ; Rumbo-Arias, Jamel E. ; Picón-Núñez, Martín (2020) - The construction of compabloc plate heat exchangers is such that the fluids flow in a crossflow arrangement in each pass. Polley, G. T., Haslego C., 2002, Compact heat exchangers, Part 2: Using plate heat exchangers in heat recovery networks, Chemical Engineering Progress, 98, 10, 48-51. Keywords: compabloc; design; exchanger; flow; heat; number; plate; stream; transfer; units
• Shape-stabilized Phase Change Materials Based on Carbon Matrix for Thermal Performance Enhancement: A Review by Hu, Lei; Lu, Lin; Wang, Qiuwang (2020) - Renewable energy offers a good solution to this issue and has been attracting extensive attention during the past decades, including solar (Munkhchuluun et al., 2020), biomass (Mohebbi et al., 2020), wind (Li et al., 2020), tidal energy (Gaurier et al., 2020), geothermal power (Gil et al., 2020), water (Comino et al., 2020), nuclear energy (Batchelder, 2020), and hybrid power systems (Li et al., 2020). However, renewable energy cannot be collected at any time and any region needed, which is highly dependent on the climate condition (Li et al., 2019). Keywords: carbon; change; conductivity; conversion; cpcm; energy; et al; graphene; heat; leakage; materials; paraffin; phase; storage
• cet-11164 by None (None) - Relative differences are smaller than 0.1 % for a mesh element size ranging from 3×10-4 m to 5×10-4 m (meshes ranging from 1,333 to 48,000 elements for straight fin and from 1,736 to 62,512 elements for circular fin). Numerical methods can be used to determine fin temperature distribution or fin efficiency for both simple and complex fin geometries (Taler and Taler, 2014). Keywords: efficiency; figure; fin; fins; heat; mesh
• cet-11167 by None (None) - In order to analyze the cause, convective heat transfer of the circulated air cavity is obtained, as shown in Figure 10. Convective heat transfer of E Low-E increases when the curtain is closed, while decreases for I Low-E. Keywords: air; cavity; curtain; glass; heat; nighttime; pcm; transfer; wall
• Carbon Footprint Analysis of a Laboratory Plate Heat Exchanger Control by Horváthová, Michaela ; Oravec, Juraj ; Bakošová, Monika; Mészáros , Alajos (2021) - The challenges of heat exchanger control and the analysis of its energetic consumption are provided in Oravec et al. (2020). (10) Based on all the defined parameters, the amount of carbon emissions associated with heat exchanger control is computed according to the following formula: 𝑚CO2 = 𝑐 𝑞total 𝑓CO2 . Keywords: carbon; control; controller; exchanger; heat; heat exchanger; liquid
• cet-11937 by None (None) - Arsenyeva O., Tran J., Piper M., Kenig E.Y., 2019b, An approach for pillow plate heat exchangers design for single-phase applications, Applied Thermal Engineering, 147, 579–591. PPHEs combine the advantages of the most commonly used conventional heat exchanger types, being as pressure and temperature resistant as shell-and-tube heat exchangers and as cost-effective and compact as plate heat exchangers. Keywords: design; engineering; exchangers; flow; heat; heat transfer; performance; pillow; plate; plate heat; pphes; transfer
• cet-12567 by None (None) - Although research has been focused on improving the thermohydraulic performance of heat transfer plates, there is a need for techniques that allow the development of better prediction models of the Colburn factor (j) and friction factor (f) in plate heat exchangers, as well as design techniques based on the use of generalized correlations. The methodology uses the limiting solutions model to generate correlations that give improved predictions of the friction and Colburn factors by incorporating the thermohydraulic data of the laminar and turbulent region for heat transfer plates into a single conjugated expression. Keywords: design; factor; heat; plate
• cet-12568 by None (None) - Mexico picon@ugto.mx As a result of the wide use of tubular heat exchangers in industry and considering the main heat transfer and friction limitations they possess compared to new technologies, heat transfer promoters of different shapes have appeared in recent years to improve their thermohydraulic performance. Durán-Plazas L.P., Picón-Núñez M., Minchaca-Mojica J.I., 2021, Selection of heat transfer promoters for heat exchanger retrofit, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 88, 523-528. Keywords: case; drop; heat; performance; pressure; promoters; transfer; tube
• cet-12744 by None (None) - min𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸 = ���𝑥𝑥𝑚𝑚,𝑟𝑟,𝑡𝑡 𝜂𝜂 ∙ 𝐿𝐿𝐿𝐿𝐿𝐿𝑚𝑚� � 𝑡𝑡 ∙ 𝑇𝑇𝐶𝐶𝑇𝑇𝑚𝑚 ∙ 3.67 ∙ 𝑟𝑟 𝑆𝑆ℎ𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑟𝑟𝑜𝑜 (2) Eq(2) is adapted from Shenoy (1995). niyi.isafiade@uct.ac.za This work presents a new method for integrating various renewable energy feedstock sources with the utility systems of combined heat and power generation hubs and heat exchanger networks (HENs). Keywords: energy; exchanger; generation; heat; hen; network; power
• cet-12764 by None (None) - The aim of heat exchanger cleaning from fouling is to minimise the operating cost of HEN. The optimal scheduling of HEN cleaning can be understood as maximizing function F while satisfying the constraint (Eq(3), Eq(4)) imposed on time intervals between cleaning operations. Keywords: cleaning; exchanger; heat; hen; interventions; method; number
• cet-12767 by None (None) - The optimization results provide guidance for sustainable design and operations of energy systems, identify environmental hotspots and associated mitigation strategies, and inform the resulting social benefits. 1. Introduction Extensive research on deep decarbonization of energy systems is conducted at the city-level (Wiryadinata et al., 2019), state-level (Zhao and You, 2020), and country-level (Vaillancourt et al., 2017). Keywords: cycle; design; emissions; energy; heat; optimization; scope; systems; total
• cet-12779 by None (None) - Nusselt (Yang and Tao, 2006) was the first to analyse film condensation theoretically and summarize the calculation formula of condensation heat transfer coefficient (HTC). Chato (1960) put forward the calculation formula of condensation heat transfer coefficient suitable for Re<35,000. Keywords: condensate; condensation; distribution; film; heat; transfer; tube
• cet-12877 by None (None) - Thus, the description of the heat transfer process must be deepened to provide a more accurate view on the overall performance of heat engines and especially the IE engine. Glushenkov M., Kronberg A., Knoke T., Kenig E.Y., 2018, Isobaric expansion engines: new opportunities in energy conversion for heat engines, pumps and compressors, Energies, 11, 154-175. Keywords: engine; exchanger; figure; fluid; heat; phase; pressure; transfer; working
• cet-13190 by None (None) - 2. Balance of thermal energies and power of a cremation line Figure 1 presents the scheme for a generic cremation plant. In some cases, in Northern European countries where cremation is widespread, the recovery of thermal energy is used in the immediate vicinity of the cemetery area. Keywords: combustion; cremation; crematorium; energy; heat; nardin; recovery; temple; total
• Study and Analysis of a Cogeneration System with Microturbines in a Food Farming of Dry Pasta by Perone, C.; Catalano, F.; Giametta, F.; Tamborrino, A.; Bianchi, B.; Ayr, U. (2017) - Furthermore, the amount of heat energy required at temperatures lower than 100 °C is equal to about 10 % of the total heat load. On the contrary, this choice provides for the possibility of a cycle combined with an post-burner: in fact it is not appropriate to size the cogeneration plant to meet the whole needed heat power because this would result in to high surplus of electrical energy produced such as not to justify the economic convenience. Keywords: chp; cogeneration; energy; heat; microturbines; plant; power
• cet-13534 by None (None) - The energy efficiency of drying technology was quantified by specific energy consumption (SEC) in kJ/kg of evaporated water. Conical corona wind jets with different spacing of two pin-type emitters (# 1 and # 2), and the trace of multiple corona wind jets on drying materials in regular (a) and staggered (b) arrangement. Keywords: air; drying; ehd; energy; heat; martynenko; material; technology
• Energy Study of Reactive-HIDiC Simulation for Ethyl Acetate Synthesis from Acetic Acid by Leon-Pulido, J.; Sarmiento, M.P.; Garzon, D.M.; Hernandez, M.A.; Gonzalez, A.D.; Peralta-Ruiz, Y.Y.; Duran, M.A. (2017) - Conclusions In this paper, simulation studies about reactive distillation column for ethyl acetate process was developed. Huang K., Iwakabe K., Nakaiwa M., Tsutsumi A., 2005, Toward further internal heat integration in design of reactive distillation columns – Part I: The design principle. Keywords: acetate; column; distillation; energy; ethyl; heat; hidic; reactive; section
• cet-13735 by None (None) - Considering the wind direction from south to north, the heat fluxes (exemplary numbers) received by exposed tanks and the houses in the event of tank fires are listed in Table 1. Heat flux intensities (kW/m2) received by exposed tanks (Tj) and houses in the event of tank fire at Ti. Keywords: domino; fire; firefighting; flux; heat; risk; tank
• cet-14648 by None (None) - Mass burning rate, flame radiation properties, such as emissivity and temperature, and flame geometrical characteristics including height, shape and diameter, are dominant factors in the determination of thermal radiation flux from pool fires (Joulain, 1998). This procedure was implemented for the evaluation of pool fires of hexane, ethyl acetate, and ethanol. Keywords: combustion; fire; flux; heat; hexane; ignition; liquid; mass; pool; rate
• cet-14663 by None (None) - More specifically, very few papers using the modelling of fiber explosions to better understand the main controlling phenomena able to influence the explosion severity have been published. Particularly, it is possible to observe how considering a fiber as an equivalent sphere tends to underestimate the value of the Kst for small fiber mean diameters up to a factor 10 (even if the reliability of such theoretical Kst value could be not so high); on the contrary, when high fiber diameters are considered Kst value are almost the same as considering the fiber as an equivalent sphere (this last observation is quite reasonable because we are simply approaching the round shape). Keywords: diameter; explosion; fiber; heat; length; particle; time
• cet-14960 by None (None) - Introduction Several approaches are employed in retrofit strategies for heat exchanger networks. This model leverages retrofit methodology concepts to optimise heat exchanger networks. Keywords: exchanger; heat; load; promoters; tape
• cet-14961 by None (None) - The performance of finned tube heat exchangers depends on several factors, including the number of staggered tubes, tube length, fin pitch, tube pitch, and fin area. Besides, this method included equations for calculating flow distribution through heat exchanger tubes. Keywords: design; exchanger; figure; flow; fluid; heat; outlet; pressure; tubes
• cet-14965 by None (None) - This process is represented by the equation: 𝐻2 + 𝑀𝑒𝑡𝑎𝑙 ⇌ 𝑀𝐻 + 𝛥𝐻𝑅; 𝛥𝐻𝑅 > 0 (1) 355 Due to its safe operation and high hydrogen density per unit volume, MH technology holds promise for hydrogen storage. Employing a metamaterial of lattice octet design with inner channels for heat transfer fluid flow creates a design that is capable of withstanding load while maintaining MH hydrogen storing performance. Keywords: bed; design; energy; figure; heat; hydrogen; octet; storage; transfer
• cet-14972 by None (None) - (a) (b) (c ) Figure 2: Images of enhanced surface tubes (a) HYD, (b) HB/HYD, (c) HB The current experimental study utilized R32 refrigerant to study enhanced heat transfer tubes [smooth tubes (ST), hydrophobic tubes (HYD), herringbone (HB), and hydrophobic-herringbone (HYD-HB) ] in order to investigate the impact of hydrophobicity and evaluate a hydrophobic-enhanced composite structure. Conclusions In order to assess the impact of the hydrophobic structure on tube side condensation heat transfer, an experiment was performed that collected 90 data points over four different scenarios using refrigerant R32. Keywords: condensation; heat; hyd; hydrophobic; refrigerant; surface; transfer; tube
• cet-15096 by None (None) - Experimental and numerical analyses were conducted by Martins, et al., (2022) to evaluate the structural behaviour of plate heat exchangers with 316 L stainless steel plates. A typical industrial unit of plate heat exchanger has a size range from 1540 to 2500 m2 containing up to 700 plates with port sizes up to 39 cm. Keywords: chevron; design; drop; exchanger; heat; plate; pressure; transfer
• cet-15127 by None (None) - The implementation of (ISO 4126-10, 2024) for optimizing pressure relief systems yields significant benefits in sustainability, efficiency, safety, and cost-effectiveness for both greenfield and brownfield applications. [Guideline for pressure relief systems with safety valves]. Keywords: figure; filling; flow; heat; level; mass; phase; pressure; relief; safety; scenario; sizing
• cet-15287 by None (None) - g a d s o rb e n t) 25°C impregnation 25°C imp., 400°C heat treatment 25°C imp., 600°C heat treatment 80°C impregnation 80°C imp., 400°C heat treatment 80°C imp., 600°C heat treatment b 221 References Dissanayake P.D., You S., Igalavithana A.D., Xia Y., Bhatnagar A., Gupta S., Kua H.W., Kim S., Kwon J.H., Tsang D.C.W., Ok Y.S., 2020, Biochar-based adsorbents for carbon dioxide capture: A critical review, Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 119, 109582 Guo S., Li Y., Wang Y., Wang L., Sun Y., Liu L., 2022, Recent advances in biochar-based adsorbents for CO2 capture, Carbon Capture Science & Technology, 4, 100059 Miskolczi N., Gao N., Quan C., Laszlo A.T., 2025, CO2 reduction by chars obtained by pyrolysis of real wastes: Low temperature adsorption and high temperature CO2 capture, Carbon Capture Science & Technology, 14, 100332 Miskolczi N., Csutoras B., 2024, Thermo-catalytic pyrolysis of sewage sludge and techno-economic analysis: The effect of synthetic zeolites and natural sourced catalysts, Bioresource Technology, 400, 130676 Robert Monroe, 2024, Daily Measurements, Keeling Curve History Martina Igini, 2024, Atmospheric CO2 Jump in 2024 off Track With Trajectory Needed to Meet 1.5 Goal, Met Office Says Rebecca Lindsey, 2024, Climate Change: Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide Xue Q., Xie S., Zhang T., 2022, Biochar production and modification for environmental improvement, Biochar in Agriculture for Achieving Sustainable Development Goals, 181-191 Yaumi A.L., Abu Bakar M.Z., Hameed B.H., 2017, Recent advances in functionalized composite solid materials for carbon dioxide capture, Energy, 124, 461-480 Shafeeyan M.S., Wan Daud W.M.A., Houshmand A., Shamiri A., 2010, A review on surface modification of activated carbon dioxide adsorption, Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis, 89, 143-151 Xu X., Kan Y., Zhao L., Cao X., Chemical transformation of CO2 during its capture by waste biomass derived biochars, Environmental Pollution, 213, 533-540 Kamran U., Park S-J., 2021, Chemically modified carbonaceous adsorbents for enhanced CO2 capture: A review, Journal of Cleaner Production, 290, 125776 222 332csaszar.pdf The Effect of Metal Impregnated Biochars in Carbon Dioxide Decrement It was found that adsorbents with 3.15-2.50 mm particle size have better CO2 adsorption capacity, than adsorbents with 0.80-0.40 mm particle size. Keywords: biochar; c o; capacity; co2; heat; impregnation; treatment
• cet-15414 by None (None) - The heat generation and consumption by chemical reactions are described by two separate source terms defined as 𝑆𝑜𝑥𝑖𝑑𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 = −𝑆𝑜𝑗𝑛𝛿(𝜙), 𝑆𝑟𝑒𝑑𝑢𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 = 𝑆𝑟�̇�, 𝑆𝑜 = 𝐻1 3𝑧𝑂𝐹 𝜎𝑆𝑏𝜑0𝑅 𝑐𝑝,𝑆𝑏𝜇𝑆𝑏(𝑇𝑚𝑎𝑥−𝑇𝑚𝑖𝑛) , 𝑆𝑟 = 𝜌𝑆𝑏2𝑂3𝐻2 𝑀𝑆𝑏2𝑂3𝜌𝑆𝑏𝑐𝑝,𝑆𝑏(𝑇𝑚𝑎𝑥−𝑇𝑚𝑖𝑛) (13) where 𝐻1 and 𝐻2 are heat generation intensities listed in Table 1. 1 – cathode, 2 – solid electrolyte, 3 – interface between liquid Sb and Sb2O3. Keywords: anode; cell; electric; fuel; heat; interface; sb2o3
• cet-15629 by None (None) - Despite its potential, studies that applied process integration tools to address heat recovery problems with consideration of heat storage remain limited. Wang X., Tian H., Yan F., Feng W., Wang R., Pan J., 2020, Optimization of a distributed energy system with multiple waste heat sources and heat storage of different temperatures based on the energy quality. Keywords: cost; energy; heat; integration; storage; 𝑂𝑈𝑇
• cet-15670 by None (None) - In addition to optimizing the design of packed systems, many scholars have also conducted in-depth research on improving and optimizing the thermal storage unit (spherical phase change capsules). Mao Q., Zhang Y., 2020, Thermal energy storage performance of a three-PCM cascade tank in a high- temperature packed bed system. Keywords: capsules; energy; heat; melting; pcm; phase; spherical; storage; transfer
• cet-15697 by None (None) - This study introduces a systematic approach for retrofitting tubular heat exchangers with twisted tubes, considering the tube twist pitch as a design variable. Twisted tubes enhance the thermal operation of shell and tube heat exchangers, which increases the overall heat transfer coefficient without significant pressure drop penalties. Keywords: heat; increase; number; pitch; transfer; tube; twist
• cet-15704 by None (None) - The unit costs of cold and hot utilities are represented by CUC ($/(kW∙y)) and HUC ($/(kW∙y)) while heat exchanger heat load is represented by qp,I,j,k,ts (kW) and area of the representative heat exchanger is represented as Ap,I,j,k (m2). 1. Introduction Heat integration in process plants can be used to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. Keywords: coalition; energy; exchange; heat; hub; plant
• cet-15705 by None (None) - Marseglia G., De Giorgi M.G., Pontes P., Solipa R., Souza R.R., Moreira A.L.N., Moita A.S., 2024, Enhancement of microchannel heat sink heat transfer: Comparison between different heat transfer enhancement strategies. With such a large number of studies on heat transfer and friction in minichannels and microchannels, there are considerable differences in the results of experiments and the views on the applicability of conventional correlations. Keywords: channels; diameter; exchangers; flow; heat; heat transfer; hydraulic; micro; transfer
• cet-15709 by None (None) - The proposed methodology for processing the results of thermal imaging inspection of a building is aligned with the method of sequential improvement of building energy system presented by Polyvianchuk et al. (2025), and firstly requires the determination of the initial parameters of the energy, environmental and economic state of the observed building, namely: the annual demand for thermal energy – 𝑞 (and specific heat consumption 𝑞𝑠 taking into account the total heating area 𝑆ℎ𝑒𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑔); fuel consumption (natural gas is considered) 𝑉𝑓𝑢𝑒𝑙 ; pollutant emissions 𝑚𝐶𝑂2 , 𝑚𝑁𝑂𝑥 ; expenditure of financial resources for heating 𝑓ℎ𝑒𝑎𝑡. = 𝑞𝑒𝑛_𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑢𝑐𝑡𝑢𝑟𝑒𝑠 + 𝑞𝑖𝑛𝑓 + 𝑞𝑡𝑢𝑏𝑒𝑠_𝑖𝑛 + 𝑞𝐻𝑊𝑆 − 𝑘𝑟𝑒𝑔 ⋅ (𝑞𝑖𝑛𝑑𝑜𝑜𝑟_ℎ𝑒𝑎𝑡 + 𝑞𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑎𝑟_ℎ𝑒𝑎𝑡) (1) where 𝑞𝑒𝑛_𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑢𝑐𝑡𝑢𝑟𝑒𝑠 is the thermal energy loss by the building envelope through the enclosure structures, Wh; 𝑞𝑖𝑛𝑓 is the thermal energy loss of the building due to infiltration, Wh; 𝑞𝑡𝑢𝑏𝑒𝑠_𝑖𝑛 is the heat losses from the external 500 surfaces from pipelines of internal heating system and/or hot water system (HWS), and closed regulation valves installed on the pipelines in unheated rooms, Wh; 𝑞𝐻𝑊𝑆 is the heat losses from the equipment for HWS preparation, such as boilers and heat exchangers, Wh; 𝑘𝑟𝑒𝑔 is the coefficient, which indicates the presence (𝑘𝑟𝑒𝑔 = 1) or absence (𝑘𝑟𝑒𝑔 = 0) of an automated “smart” control heating system, non-dimensional; 𝑞𝑖𝑛𝑑𝑜𝑜𝑟_ℎ𝑒𝑎𝑡 is the amount of thermal energy released by internal heat sources, such as heat from people or electronics, Wh; 𝑞𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑎𝑟_ℎ𝑒𝑎𝑡 is the amount of thermal energy entering the building due to the solar radiation through external enclosing structures, Wh. Keywords: building; case; efficiency; energy; envelope; heat; heating; method; study; wall
• cet-15720 by None (None) - The proposed relationship can support preliminary sizing of solar thermal networks, providing a fast alternative to detailed simulations, with future work aimed at extending its validation to different climatic and operational contexts. Yet, its application to solar thermal networks has received little attention, likely due to the unsteady and time-dependent nature of solar input. Keywords: effectiveness; gwh·y-1; heat; load; ntu; solar; transfer; 𝑇𝑖𝑛
• Sensitivity Analysis of Industrial Heat Exchanger Network Design by Bakar, S.H.A.; Hamid, M.K.A.; Wan Alwi, S.R.; Manan, Z.A. (2017) - Average 60 48.21 Table 3: Value of ft correction factor and status of HEN design candidates Table 2: Sensitivity results of the original and new designed HENs Design Original HEN New HEN U TH1(%) 100 85.71 TH2 (%) 0 0 TH3(%) 0 0 TC1(%) 100 87.86 TC2 (%) 100 67.46 Keywords: design; exchanger; heat; hen; network; sensitivity; value
• cet-202 by None (None) - Kamel D.A., Gadalla M.A., Abdelaziz O.Y., Labib M.A., Ashour F.H., 2017, Temperature driving force (TDF) curves for heat exchanger network retrofit – A case study and implications, Energy, 123, 283–295. The ETD assisted to identify heat transfer bridges within an existing HEN and for explaining how energy is transferred through a network from hot utility to cold utility and ultimately the environment (Bonhivers et al., 2014b). Keywords: deficit; etd; exchanger; figure; heat
• cet-206 by None (None) - Plants that operate on biomass-based technologies, like biogas plants, have a high potential for producing energy on demand due to the almost infinite storability of the energy carrier. Heat and power can be produced flexibly at biogas plants by using CHP units. Keywords: biogas; control; heat; plant; power; reserves; simulation; storage
• cet-207 by None (None) - (iii) For heat integrated distillation columns, the rectifying and stripping sections are internally coupled through heat exchangers. Three main heat integration arrangements for a CDiC are proposed below to facilitate energy-saving purpose for methanol distillation scheme: (i) Keywords: column; distillation; energy; heat; methanol; scheme
• cet-2447 by None (None) - The establishment of feed-in-tariff has successfully increased the number of palm oil mills that are completed with biogas facilities. The biogas generation from POME anaerobic digestion in palm oil mill could be effectively exploited to provide alternative source of energy for the rural electrification (Lee et al., 2017). Keywords: biogas; energy; heat; mill; oil; palm; palm oil
• Transient Heat Production and Release Profiles for Wood Stoves by Skreiberg, O.; Georges, L. (2018) - The heat release standard deviation in percent of mean heat release is slightly improved by a more stable drying process and a closer to constant dry fuel composition. The ratio between the peak heat release and the peak heat production 0.68 0.69 0.67 0.66 0.30 0.45 0.43 The ratio between the heat release duration and the heat production duration 2.15 2.18 2.19 2.15 5.12 2.24 3.56 The heat release standard deviation in percent of mean heat release 87.99 85.54 83.80 83.95 76.73 57.47 84.38 Base case Case 2 Case 3 Case 4 Case 5 Case 6 Case 7 Inner wall surface max temperature (°C) 239.99 230.95 228.38 198.10 195.26 263.31 221.71 Layer 1 max temperature (°C) 210.01 202.82 200.74 124.47 164.52 232.98 192.18 Layer 2 max temperature (°C) 181.44 175.86 174.27 197.94 139.35 177.24 164.90 Layer 3 max temperature (°C) Keywords: case; combustion; heat; heat production; heat release; stove
• Developments in Modelling of Thermal Radiation from Pool and Jet Fires by Boot, Hans (2016) - Martinsen, W.E, Marx,J.D, (1999) “An improved model for the prediction of radiant heat from fireballs, Proceedings of the international conference and workshop on modelling the consequences of accidental releases of hazardous materials, sept. 28 - Oct. 1 1999, San Francisco, California p.p. 605-621. Rew, P.J., Hulbert, W.G., (1996), ‘Development of pool fire thermal radiation model’, HSE Contract Research Report no.96. Some fine tuning on pool fires has been done by Rew and Hulbert in the late nineties to divide the flame in a clear and sooty part, and provide some typical -substance dependent- values for SEPclear and SEPsoot. Keywords: fire; flame; heat; jet; pool; radiation; surface
• Fluidized Bed Straw Pellets Combustion with Minimal Emissions of Carbon Monoxide by Isemin, R.; Klimov, D.; Mikhalev, A.; Milovanov, O.; Muratova, N.; Zaichenko, V. (2016) - Liu D.Y., Chen X.P., Liang C., Zhao C.S., 2009, Solids mixing in the bottom zone of fluidized bed, Proceedings on 20th International conference on fluidized bed combustion, X'ian, China, 459-463. The type of air entry distribution is essential in the formation of hydrodynamic structures of fluidized bed. Keywords: air; bed; entry; exchange; heat; profile; velocity
• Rapid Estimation of the Heat Release Rate of Combustible Items by Dusso, A.; Grimaz, S.; Salzano, E. (2016) - The fire consequences such as the hot gas layer temperature and rate of descent of the smoke layer, the likelihood of flashover and the ignition of other items placed near to the burning one can be calculated based on heat release rate from the fire. Heat release rates of burning items in fires. Keywords: burning; fire; fuel; growth; heat; hrr; items; materials; method; rate; release; workstation
• Calculation of the Flame Size from Burning Liquid Pools by Bubbico, R.; Dusserre, G.; Mazzarotta, B. (2016) - Raj P.K., 2007, Large hydrocarbon fuel pool fires: Physical characteristics and thermal emission variations with height, Journal of Hazardous Materials, 140, 280-292. Mudan K. S., 1984, Thermal radiation hazards from hydrocarbon pool fires, Progress in energy and combustion science, 10, 59-80. Keywords: burning; fire; flame; heat; models; pool; rate
• Time Super Targeting: Planning of Optimal HEN Design Accounting Energy Prices by Boldyryev, S.; Mikulcic, H.; Ulyev, L.; Duic, N. (2017) - The low and upper bound of energy price 1904 were selected taking into account the base case to show the optimum while energy prices going up and down. Third case study was performed for energy price 365 $/kWy and Figure 6 shows that this solution will be stable for wide range of energy prices. Keywords: approach; case; cost; energy; heat; hen; optimum; prices; total
• cet-3728 by None (None) - 1. Introduction Often times it is necessary to optimise various parts of flow distribution systems for better performance and reliability. Challenges of detailed 3D CFD flow distribution modelling In flow distribution systems the inlet stream splits into multiple, often thousands of streams and, consequently, combines back into a single outlet stream. Keywords: cfd; distribution; flow; heat; mesh; modelling; models; pressure; solution; tube
• cet-3732 by None (None) - Towards this direction, the DOI: 10.3303/CET1652086 Please cite this article as: Salpingidou C., Misirlis D., Vlahostergios Z., Donnerhack S., Flourous M., Goulas A., Yakinthos K., 2016, Investigation of the performance of different recuperative cycles for gas turbines/aero engine applications, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 52, 511-516 DOI:10.3303/CET1652086 511 exploitation of waste heat energy in gas turbines by integration of heat exchangers can be of significant value (McDonald, 1990). The conventional integration of heat exchangers (HEXs) in gas turbines is typically performed with the installation of a system of heat exchangers right after the last turbine (low pressure (LPT) or power turbine (PT)) Keywords: cycle; effectiveness; engine; exchanger; heat; heat exchanger; performance; pressure; shr
• cet-3737 by None (None) - The results of calculation of heat transfer area for Total Site heat recovery and intermediate utilities characteristics are shown in Table 2. 542 Figure 1: Total Site Cost Curves. The heat exchangers network for Total Site heat recovery is consisted of multiple steam boilers, condensers, water heaters and coolers. Keywords: energy; heat; recovery; site; total; transfer; utility
• cet-3738 by None (None) - To make the problem more general, we assume that Pinch problem appears between heat source plant A and one heat sink plant B, while threshold problem appears between heat source plant A and another heat sink plant C. Note that in this paper, each plant is used only as heat source or heat sink, which uses the waste heat source/sink in the individual plants. The first effort about interplant heat integration was introduced by Dhole and Linnhoff (1993) and further elaborated had been done by Hu and Ahmad (1994). Keywords: heat; integration; interplant; plants; sink; streams
• cet-514 by None (None) - As for the primary energy savings in scenario A, with the heat rejected, the integration of an accumulator tank makes it possible to increase CHP heat utilisation and decrease natural gas consumption. The target level for the share of CHP electricity in gross electricity consumption was 20 % for 2020. Keywords: accumulator; biomass; chp; electricity; energy; heat; tank
• Integration of Renewable Energy into Mass, Heat and Regeneration Network Synthesis by Isafiade, A.J. (2017) - Furthermore, for cases where the mass exchange operations are continuous processes, integrating solar thermal heat, whose availability is non-continuous and unpredictable, requires that the existing stage-wise models for HENS and MENS be updated to handle such cases. For the indirect heat integration, which involves use of solar heat as hot utilities at periods when solar irradiation is unavailable or insufficient, formulations are included in the model to simultaneously determine the optimal tank size for thermal heat storage. Keywords: energy; exchange; heat; mass; network; thermal
• Modelling of Existing Heating Plant Replacement with a Waste to Energy Plant and a Peak-Load Natural Gas Boiler by Putna, Ondrej; Janosťak, Frantisek; Pavlas, Martin (2018) - One of the DOI: 10.3303/CET1870270 Please cite this article as: Putna O., Janosťak F., Pavlas M., 2018, Modelling of existing heating plant replacement with a waste to energy plant and a peak-load natural gas boiler , Chemical Engineering Transactions, 70, 1615-1620 DOI:10.3303/CET1870270 1615 benefits of low capacity WtE is that they may be established even in locations with low heat demands. White area (see Figure 2) concerning small DHS and large capacity WtEP illustrates situations when efficiency R1 is likely to be insufficient due to low heat demand; that’s why they weren’t included in the calculations. Keywords: capacity; costs; demand; dhs; energy; gfbs; heat; waste; wtep
• cet-7004 by None (None) - Figure 2: HLMPP GCC as dashed line and detailed pinch GCC as continuous line Table 4 lists important parameters from the two different methods, HLMPP and detailed pinch analysis, both evaluated for the same paper production. The intention of this study is to evaluate if the model can accurately estimate the data necessary for performing a pinch analysis for a Swedish thermo-mechanical pulp (TMP) and paper mill. Keywords: analysis; heat; hlmpp; mill; paper; pinch; steam
• cet-7008 by None (None) - Study basis and cases 2.1 Energy saving by heat pump (1) Concept of calculation for energy saving As can be seen in Figure 1, it is often found that the utility system in a large petrochemical plant has an integrated power generation facility. (2) Coefficient of performance Coefficient of performance (COP) can be used and understood as a measure of the energy efficiency of heat pump. Keywords: energy; heat; pump; steam
• A New Targeting Approach for Large Scale Interplant Heat Integration by Li, Bo; Wang, Yufei; Feng, Xiao; Jiang, Guiyuan (2018) - Direct Heat Integration using process streams and Indirect Heat Integration using intermediate fluid are both researched. Because Indirect Heat Integration requires twice heat transfer, the minimum temperature is doubled compared with Direct Heat Integration. Keywords: energy; heat; integration; match; number; plants; step; universe
• cet-7223 by None (None) - Medical applications of FPHE are the only area where such heat exchangers have a long tradition and therefore extensive experience, blood cooling. Large PSC fuzzy models At present, most of the techniques employed for the analysis of complex problems possess analytical or statistical natures. Keywords: exchangers; figure; heat; interpolation; knowledge; psc; reasoning; set
• cet-7224 by None (None) - Format And Type Fonts CCHHEEMMIICCAALL EENNGGIINNEEEERRIINNGG TTRRAANNSSAACCTTIIOONNSS VOL. 29, 2012 A publication of The Italian Association of Chemical Engineering Online at: www.aidic.it/cet Guest Editors: Petar Sabev Varbanov, Hon Loong Lam, Jiří Jaromír Klemeš Copyright © 2012, AIDIC Servizi S.r.l., ISBN 978-88-95608-20-4; ISSN 1974-9791 DOI: 10.3303/CET1229228 Please cite this article as: Vasičkaninová A. and Bakošová M., (2012), Robust control of heat exchangers, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 29, 1363-1368 1363 Robust Control of Heat Exchangers Anna Vasičkaninová*, Monika Bakošová Institute of Information Engineering, Automation and Mathematics, Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology Slovak University of Technology in Bratislava Radlinského 9, 812 37 Bratislava, Slovakia anna.vasickaninova@stuba.sk This work deals with the design and application of a neuro-fuzzy controller to a heat exchanger and with possibilities to use the coefficient diagram method for heat exchanger control. Figure 2: Standard block diagram of CDM control system The CDM is a technique to arrange the poles of a closed loop transfer function, in order to get wanted response in the time domain. Keywords: cdm; control; controller; design; exchanger; heat; method; time
• Einstein – Expert System for an Intelligent Supply of Thermal Energy in Industry - Audit Methodology and Software Tool. by Brunner, C.; Muster-Slawitsch, B.; Heig, e.; SchweigeR, h.; Vannoni, c. (2010) - Introduction The EINSTEIN methodology for thermal energy audit that is described in this paper has been developed in the framework of the European (Intelligent Energy Europe - IEE) project EINSTEIN (www.iee-einstein.org). Based on the practical experience of a large number of energy audits in different industrial sectors, the auditing methodologies used by the different partners have been more and more standardized leading to what here is presented as the EINSTEIN audit methodology. Keywords: audit; data; einstein; energy; heat; methodology; software; tool
• Coordination of Bypass Control and Economic Optimisation for Heat Exchanger Network with Stream Splits by Sun, L.; Zha, X.-L.; Luo, X.-L. (2017) - Therefore, a coordination methodology of bypass control and economic optimisation is put forward for taking control performance and economic benefit into consideration meanwhile. The value of IAE or ITAE using CBCEO is larger than that using bypass control, which means control performance using CBCEO is not better than that using bypass control. Keywords: bypass; control; economic; heat; hen; optimisation; split; stream
• cet-8284 by None (None) - Furthermore, the hectically change in price of crude oil and products make inevitable to make capable the refinery process units for processing different type of crude oils. 4. Conclusions Results of feasibility study for increase in crude oil capacity by 20% and/or improve in feed flexibility of atmospheric distillation unit meantime improve in the energy efficiency were presented. Keywords: capacity; case; crude; furnace; heat; hen
• Heat Exchanger Networks Synthesis Considering Dynamic Flexibility by Gu, S.; Liu, L.; Bai, Y.; Zhang, J.; Du, J. (2017) - Similarly, dynamic flexible design can also handle the disturbances and the more important to it to be employed to find the trade-off between the over-synthesis degree and control quality, i.e. design cost and control cost. Dynamic flexible design differs from steady-state flexible design in the sense that the dynamic models are considered as constraint and a series of time-varied disturbances are involved. Keywords: control; design; flexibility; heat; network; operating; output; problem; time
• cet-844 by None (None) - Keywords: simultaneously developing; pulsating flow; heat transfer; laminar; microchannel; numerical. Some techniques to enhance heat transfer by using turbulators proposed by Bhattacharyya et al., (2016, 2016, 2017). Keywords: channel; doi; flow; heat; heat transfer; microchannel; transfer; wavy

• cet-10199 by None (None) - Economic and social consequences of occupational accidents affects clearly FDI efficiency and its competitiveness. The information acquired by this research can help analysts to better address the measures to be adopted in a work environment, in order to prevent occupational accidents and give a concrete contribution to Risk Management. Keywords: accidents; analysis; data; fdi; risk; safety; scenario; sector; skm
• cet-11170 by None (None) - Krog L., Sperling K., 2019, A comprehensive framework for strategic energy planning based on Danish and international insights, Energy Strategy Reviews, 24, 83-93. Economic factors are aspects that should be considered in the development of strategic energy management. Keywords: analysis; development; energy; et al; factors; management; opportunities; planning; research; strategy; swot
• cet-11480 by None (None) - Geographically, the Gulf of Guinea (Africa) and the Strait of Malacca (Asia) resulted the most affected areas by security attacks due to the strategic location for international maritime shipping routes and the presence of a high number of offshore Oil&Gas operations. Although historical evidence of major events triggered by security attacks to offshore Oil&Gas installations was recorded, the majority of final scenarios resulted in non- industrial impacts (labelled as “other”, such as theft of personal belongings of workers, documents, equipment, kidnapped workers for ransom, protests). Keywords: analysis; attack; database; figure; incidents; mode; oil&gas; operations; sector; security; threat
• cet-11483 by None (None) - From the analysis concerning accidents involving explosive dusts in the U.S.A., the trend over the period 2016-2019 have shown that 30 dust explosions per year occur (“Combustible Dust Incident Reporting) almost constantly. Once explosive dusts have been characterized, the ATEX directive suggests to identify all the possible ignition sources and the so-called ATEX Zones, that represent the areas of the plant where an explosive atmosphere can be generated (that is, a dust cloud above the LEL). Keywords: analysis; atex; dust; method; node; plant; stearate; table; zones
• cet-1152 by None (None) - 1 under the rare earthquake in the performance point, the direction of the maximum elastic-plastic displacement angle between layers were in accordance with the Regulations provisions of article 4.6.5 technology of concrete structures in high-rise buildings, shear wall structure layer is less than the elastic-plastic displacement angle limit of 1/120; 2 in the loading structure at the beginning of a beam damage after that, there are very few beam plastic hinge, the wall in the performance point when the damage is mainly at the bottom of the tension side of the small wall had a small area of the damage, but there is no continuous development of the situation; 3 directions of nappe, bending damage at the bottom of the shear wall around the outer layer standard stress, not shear failure. To occur through the recent earthquake and harm that, with the development of economy and the development of new materials and new technology to further strengthen the earthquake fortification measures, reduce the failure and collapse of building structures caused by the earthquake, significantly reduced so the number of casualties caused by. Keywords: analysis; building; design; earthquake; floor; layer; performance; shear; structure; wall
• cet-11805 by None (None) - Revised: 22 September 2021; Accepted: 4 October 2021 Please cite this article as: Bandyopadhyay S., 2021, Incorporating Uncertainties in Pinch Analysis, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 88, 73-78 DOI:10.3303/CET2188012 CHEMICAL ENGINEERING TRANSACTIONS VOL. 88, 2021 A publication of The Italian Association of Chemical Engineering Online at www.cetjournal.it Guest Editors: Petar S. Varbanov, Yee Van Fan, Jiří J. Klemeš Copyright © 2021, AIDIC Servizi S.r.l. ISBN 978-88-95608-86-0; ISSN 2283-9216 Incorporating Uncertainties in Pinch Analysis Santanu Bandyopadhyay Department of Energy Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai, 400076, India santanub@iitb.ac.in Conservation of resources is a crucial prerequisite for sustainable developments. Pinch Analysis helps in conserving resources through efficient solution procedures in source-sink networks. Keywords: analysis; chem; conservation; eng; networks; pinch; resource; source; uncertainties
• cet-11933 by None (None) - Prominence is the degree of the linkage of barrier in the network of problems as the barrier is both aggravated by other barriers and aggravative to the other barriers. For example, the relative importance of barrier i as compared to barrier j is denoted as aij. Keywords: analysis; barriers; business; causal; fuzzy; index; matrix; relation; set; smes
• cet-12222 by None (None) - Khakzad et al. (2018) classified uncertainty in domino effect analysis into two main categories: data uncertainty and model uncertainty. 565 2. Uncertainty in QRA of domino effects Figure 1: uncertainty in QRA of domino effects Due to our lack of knowledge and randomness, there exists a great deal of uncertainty in domino effect analysis. Keywords: analysis; damage; data; domino; effects; probability; qra; uncertainties; uncertainty
• cet-12223 by None (None) - To identify major accident scenarios considering both safety and security perspectives, attack tree analysis is employed to identify security scenarios that can be associated with the obtained bow-ties. In terms of prevention and mitigation of major accidents, safety and security barriers are used in various forms to protect the chemical process industries from safety and security-related undesired events and mitigate the potentially catastrophic consequences (Villa & Cozzani, 2016). Keywords: accident; analysis; barriers; bow; identification; safety; scenarios; security
• cet-12230 by None (None) - Accepted: 10 May 2022 Please cite this article as: Dobeš P., Martiníková B., Klečka V., Lepík P., Novotný P., Danihelka P., 2022, Review of selected chemical accident report sites regarding major accident investigation and lessons learnt needs, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 90, 613-618 DOI:10.3303/CET2290103 613 3. Sklet S., 2002, Methods for accident investigation, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Reliability, Safety, and Security Studies, Trondheim, Norway. Keywords: accident; analysis; chemical; czech; expert; investigation; lessons; police; report; risk; safety
• cet-12252 by None (None) - Discussion and Conclusions A new framework has been proposed for analyzing the information of HOFs related accident reports. The NLP and HOFs categories have then been introduced to obtain the critical structure of HOFs related accidents. Keywords: accident; analysis; cases; factors; hofs; human; information; pattern; reports; tag; text
• cet-12552 by None (None) - The development of a methodology for cell motility analysis as a function of the different stages of biofilm formation can be an innovative method to evaluate the influence of cell motility on biofilm morphology. To analyze bacterial cell motility in flow, a custom-made apparatus based on a commercial microfluidic rectangular flow cell (Ibidi Cell in Focus, µ-Slide VI 0.1, 100 μm x 17 mm x1 mm) was used. Keywords: analysis; biofilm; cell; conditions; flow; motility; shear; time; trajectories
• cet-12560 by None (None) - As input functions into the equation are used: weather data, yield data, spectral indices, and agrochemical indicators. As input data, we used spring wheat yield data, agrochemical data for the previous year, as well as meteorological data for the experimental site. Keywords: analysis; data; images; method; results; satellite; sensing; soil; yield
• cet-12777 by None (None) - Calorific values of both samples were comparable, while the degree of crystallinity was 79.8 % for virgin HDPE and around 19 % lower for recycled HDPE samples. Materials and methods This section describes the characterisation methods and analytical procedures and further the procedure for thermal analysis of virgin and recycled HDPE samples. Keywords: analysis; et al; hdpe; plastic; samples; virgin; waste
• cet-12788 by None (None) - Bárbaro, L. A., Karlanian, M. A. and Mata, D. A., 2014, Importancia del pH y la Conductividad Eléctrica en los sustratos para plantas, Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria accessed 07.04.2021. D’Eletto, J. et al., 2018, Efecto de la incorporación de compost de cama profunda de cerdos en el cultivo de lechuga, XXVI Jornadas de Jóvenes Investigadores AUGM, 148, pp. Balzarini, M. et al., 2015, Estadística y Biometría. Keywords: analysis; compost; density; plant; radish; stomata; table; treatment; waste
• cet-12815 by None (None) - On the other hand, odour dispersion models are able to predict odour concentration values at ground level in the simulation space-time domain (Botta et al., 2020). The paper presents and discusses the development and application of different odour monitoring models (OMMs) for the classification and quantification of odour emissions with Instrumental Odour Monitoring Systems (IOMSs). Keywords: analysis; classification; data; ffnn; ioms; monitoring; odour; pls
• cet-12821 by None (None) - Qualitative identification of target VOSCs was based on the match of the retention times and qualifier ions, shown in Table 2. 2.4 Performance parameters The discussion of the performances of different sorbent tubes was conducted by comparing two principal parameters: the Average Response Factor (RFaverage) and its Relative Standard Deviation (% RSD). To better investigate the performance of different sorbent materials applied to the analysis of VOSCs, a comparison of different sorbent tubes applied to the analysis of sulphur compounds was discussed in this study. Keywords: analysis; compounds; materials; sorbent; sorbent tubes; sulphur; sulphur compounds; tubes
• cet-12825 by None (None) - By using this system, it is, therefore, possible to achieve the specific detection and quantification of organic compounds by FID analysis, sulphur compounds by PFPD and the identification of the compounds by MS analysis, via comparison with mass spectra. This combination was adopted to obtain the specific detection and quantification of organic compounds by FID analysis, sulphur compounds by PFPD and the identification of the compounds, by MS analysis, by comparing the generated spectra with library ones. Keywords: analysis; compounds; fid; pfpd; quantification; samples
• cet-12872 by None (None) - The paper presents examples of LCA application to reduce environmental impact by replacement of conventional materials in chemical, biochemical, construction and electrical industry. Environmental impact of analysed TCOs strongly depends on deposition technologies; for the layers deposited by CVD and ALD techniques the main impact is related to energy or nitrogen consumption whereas for PVD to energy and material of TCO. Keywords: analysis; deposition; impact; ito; layer; lca; materials; pvd; replacement; zno
• cet-12878 by None (None) - In this article, the focus is precisely on the bases of safety to be applied during battery testing: although tests must be carried out in CE-certified machines (which requires the manufacturer to 181 provide them with a risk analysis), the risks of the machines are not always properly addressed in view of the interfaces they have with the testing site, with other machines and with operators. It is for this reason that this paper proposes the original approach of applying three traditional types of risk analysis to complete and integrate the manufacturers' assessments and to enable battery testing to be carried out safely. Keywords: analysis; batteries; battery; chambers; ion; ion batteries; level; lithium; reliability; risk; safety; testing
• cet-13075 by None (None) - In this approach, we found viceroyalty silver objects with only copper as a tracer metal, in Ag/Cu ratios from 9 to 34.85. On the other hand, XDR results (see Figure 5 and Table 3) aimed to add information about the crystalline phases that may be present in viceroyalty silver objects. Keywords: analysis; chalice; chemical; metals; objects; peru; pieces; quality; silver; viceroyalty
• cet-13121 by None (None) - Nomenclature vi – initial velocity, m∙s-1 λ – energy fraction to fragments projection, - Eav – energy available after the explosion, J Mv – mass of the empty tank, kg R – horizontal range of fragment, m α – initial angle of fragment, ° g – acceleration of gravity, m∙s-2 CL – lift coefficient, - CD – drag coefficient, - AL – lift area, m2 AD – drag area, m2 FL – lift force, N FD – drag force, N ρa – density of air, kg∙m-3 �̅� – dimensionless range, - 𝑣�̅� – dimensionless initial velocity, - Mf – mass of fragment, kg 257 Acknowledgments This work was undertaken as part of the research project Safe Hydrogen Fuel Handling and Use for Efficient Implementation (SH2IFT), and the authors would like to acknowledge the financial support of the Research Council of Norway under the ENERGIX programme (Grant No. 280964). The ability to predict the behavior of tank fragments after a failure is valuable for the domino effect handling part of the risk analysis. Keywords: analysis; explosion; fragments; hydrogen; lh2; tank; vessel
• cet-13136 by None (None) - In any case, this all suggests that a dedicated research in the future could deepen the 11 5 37 4 8 3 Anomaly on compressors or pumps Other anomaly Anomaly in cylinders Release in unloading Release in loading Release from a pump Release from a compressor 347 role of human factor in safety management in LPG storage sites, starting from a comparison with similar plants. Data mainly refer to machinery failures, instrumentation failures, human errors and maintenance issues related to LPG loading and unloading. Keywords: accidents; analysis; compressors; events; loading; lpg; quasi; site; storage; unloading
• cet-13179 by None (None) - Modern techniques on the data-driven, such as data analysis and artificial intelligence are currently considered the best options for this purpose. Modern technologies such as artificial intelligence (AI), along with cloud computing and data analysis, are currently considered the best shot to perform fault detection and process optimization (Marins et al. (2021), Sircar et al. (2021), Verheyleweghen and Jäschke (2018), Dhaif et al. (2021)). Keywords: analysis; ckp; correlation; data; database; jus; tpt; variables
• Assessing VOC Emission by Wood Pellets Using the PTR- ToF-MS Technology by Costa, C.; Taiti, C.; Zanetti, M.; Proto, A.R.; D'Andrea, S.; Greco, R.; Dematte, L.; Mancuso, S.; Cavalli, R. (2017) - Conclusions The goal of this study was to detect the VOCs emitted by different wood pellets (commercial and not). To analyze the Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) emitted from wood pellets, 21 samples have been collected in triplicate. Keywords: analysis; biomass; et al; pca; pellets; quality; samples; spruce; vocs; wood
• cet-13526 by None (None) - Results showed no significant differences in water activity, carbohydrates, chlorides, and fibre between fish fillets’ capture in Spring and Autumn (p˃0.05). Lipid content results showed that fish fillets from Autumn were 6.32-fold higher than Spring fish fillets, 7.55 ± 0.29 % and 1.21 ± 0.32 %, respectively (p<0.05). Keywords: analysis; aoac; atlantic; autumn; bonito; content; fillets; fish; min; sarda; spring
• Analysis of Preliminary Design Requirements of a Heavy Lift Multirotor Drone for Agricultural Use by Sarghini, F.; De Vivo, A. (2017) - A possible choice relies on using a Ready To Fly (RTF) UAV, but rapid changes in components and a fast evolution of the performance of engines and batteries allow possible updates of the existing UAV using aftermarket part to increase the flight envelope, a particularly interesting feature for heavy lift drone if a proper design method is adopted. Such performance can be considered satisfactory not only to fulfil imaging and crop diagnostic missions, but also to perform more challenging one like plantation or pesticide distribution. 4. Conclusions Integration of components is not a straightforward task due to a lack of an integrated theory, application is challenging since it requires expert knowledge in aerodynamics and control theory, and the commercial development of heavy lift drones it is still today limited to few companies, often with export limitations on aircraft and sensors (i.e. frequency of IR sensors) due to military implications. Keywords: analysis; flight; motor; payload; power; uav; use; weight
• cet-13700 by None (None) - Bava et al. (2014) Environmental impact analysis of dairy farms PCA, CA, PC 28 dairy farms Mu et al. (2017) Environmental performance of specialized dairy farms MLR, CCA, Outlier detection 55 specialized dairy farms Grados and Schrevens (2019) LCA of potato agricultural in the Central Peruvian Andes CA, LDA, EFA Data from 58 potato pi- lot plots M a te ri a l & E le m e n ts Smith et al. (2021) Chemical element sustainability index for piezoelectric materials PCA, Trend analysis, Monte Carlo Analy- sis 59 chemicals Rydh and Sun (2005) Simplification of LCAs at an early stage of product design LRA, PCA (Sartorius AG, 2023) data of 214 mechanical design materials S u p p ly C h a in Genovese et al. (2017) Del Duca V., Chirone R., Coppola A., Scala F., Salatino P., 2022, Application of multivariate statistical analysis for pyrolysis process optimization. Keywords: analysis; assessment; cycle; data; lca; life; methods; multivariate; pca; results; statistics; systems
• cet-13730 by None (None) - Inherently, container operational risks are characterised by the multiplicity and dynamicity of influencing factors that affect the potential events (e.g., likelihood, consequences, and detectability) (Goerlandt and Montewka, 2015). Figure 1 shows diagram for container operations centred on the top event loss of containment due to different causes of collisions and container failures. Keywords: analysis; container; events; goods; imo; operations; port; risk; substances; terminal
• cet-13760 by None (None) - The MORT methodology for event analysis dates back to 1973. The MORT methodology was considered to be a synthesis of the best safety elements and concepts for event analysis (Solano and Isasia, 2017). Keywords: analysis; database; development; energy; events; factors; hrss; hydrogen; information; protocol; risk; safety
• cet-13789 by None (None) - By leveraging these technologies, environmental assessment tools like Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) can effectively analyze process data and assessment outcomes. The following paragraphs will focus on the data enrichment and data processing steps. Keywords: analysis; approach; assessment; data; engineering; glucose; processes; step
• cet-13812 by None (None) - Tasks within this dimension include the identification of the hydrogen system structures, the development of potential scenarios for hazardous uncontrolled hydrogen releases, risk analysis in the operation of hydrogen systems, and the determination of the extent of hazardous zones close to key hydrogen system components. This approach aims to enhance the feasibility of this innovative solution, thereby making hydrogen energy both sustainable and clean. Keywords: analysis; approach; development; dimension; energy; framework; hrfss; hydrogen; risk; safety; sustainability
• cet-13816 by None (None) - Nonlinear canonical correlation analysis by neural networks. Table 1: Variables of x and y used for CCA statistical analysis. Keywords: analysis; biomass; cca; correlation; data; variables
• cet-13824 by None (None) - Possessing low moisture content in this raw material gives it an advantage in terms of combustion, since a high moisture content reduces the efficiency of this process, since part of the energy of the raw material must be consumed by evaporating the contained moisture (Suárez-Rivero, 2017). Determination of moisture content To demonstrate this indicator, the protocol established in D3173-87 was followed, evidencing the loss of moisture from a known sample mass, which is heated in a stream of nitrogen in an oven maintained at a temperature between 105 °C y 110 °C, where the sample was equilibrated for the first time in atmospheric laboratory conditions, the result is the percentage of humidity calculated by the loss of mass. 2.3. Keywords: analysis; carbon; clones; cocoa; colombia; content; material; moisture; results; rivero
• cet-14349 by None (None) - However, the role of consumers should not be underestimated either, 355 as they can indicate their need for ZW products to manufacturers through their purchasing decisions (Badowska, 2019). This may be due to a lack of knowledge about the definition of ZW, as evidenced by the open question in the questionnaire regarding the type of ZW product (very different perceptions represented by respondents) included in the survey. Keywords: analysis; clustering; concept; doi; research; use; variables; waste
• cet-14394 by None (None) - Despite the recent emphasis on pedestrian safety, there is still a critical need to investigate the causal factors of accidents involving vulnerable road users (VRUs) and to reveal their relationship with road design characteristics (Bezerra, 2019). Zhang C., Zhou B., Chen G., Chen F., 2017, Quantitative analysis of pedestrian safety at uncontrolled multi- lane mid-block crosswalks in China. Keywords: analysis; conflict; crossing; pedestrian; pet; road; safety; time; traffic; vehicle
• cet-14395 by None (None) - Wider truck lane width would assist in improved use of uniform wander mode also. The use of uniform wander mode decreases the stress concentrations and provides sufficient recovery time for pavement to recover from creep strain occurrences (Zhou et al., 2019). Keywords: analysis; co2; cycle; emissions; life; mode; pavement; uniform; wander
• cet-14399 by None (None) - According to this, both Factors 1 and 2 are antioxidant factors, since ABTS has a relationship with both of these factors. The assessment of plant stress via antioxidant compounds as markers can help to elaborate methods for this purpose. Keywords: abts; analysis; antioxidant; beech; climate; compounds; factor; leaves; provenances
• cet-14402 by None (None) - The aim of this article is to report the alteration of the floristics spectrum of plants in the last 20 y foraged by honeybees and in the identification of the most important plant sources for honey pollen. References Behm F., von der Ohe K., Henrich W., 1996, Reliability of honey pollen analysis, Determination of the pollen frequency. Keywords: acacia; analysis; fruits; honey; nectar; pinus; plants; pollen; samples; species; spp
• cet-14430 by None (None) - Keywords: Solid waste; municipal; classification; reuse 1. Introduction Household, commercial and industrial sources generate municipal solid waste (MSW), also known as garbage (Adhikari et al., 2018). The generation of municipal solid waste (MSW) has been consistently increasing due to various factors, such as the improvement of living standards, urban migration for employment opportunities, and, most notably, rapid population growth. Keywords: africa; analysis; ash; content; energy; food; management; msw; plastics; south; textiles; waste
• cet-14434 by None (None) - In a scientific study conducted on southern chernozems in Northern Kazakhstan, remote sensing data analysis methods were used to predict the content of NPK. Mathematical data processing: spatial analysis and validation of agrochemical soil analysis data with remote sensing data analysis, regression analysis of the data obtained. Keywords: analysis; content; data; kazakhstan; lai; nitrogen; parameters; sensing; soil
• cet-14448 by None (None) - Conclusions This paper studied, using a rigorous kinetic-approach simulation and multivariate analysis, the relationship between biomass and FP bio-oil composition to recommend feedstock selection aiming to produce high-value functional groups. A rigorous kinetic simulation was built in Aspen PlusTM v.10 and used to obtain a dataset correlating biomass compositions from 60 sources and bio-oil functional groups. Keywords: analysis; biomass; composition; groups; lignin; oil; pyrolysis; simulation
• cet-14465 by None (None) - To assess the potential for using sewage sludge as an energy source, various analyses were carried out for its characterization, such as proximate and ultimate analysis, calorific value determination, granulometric analysis, and surface adhesion tension. According to Menezes (2022), sewage sludge is an unavoidably generated residue during various stages of sewage treatment, including the preliminary stage (removal of some solid by-products from sewage), primary stage (removal of sedimentable and floating solids through physical processes), secondary stage (removal of organic matter and some nutrients through biological processes), and tertiary stage (removal of specific contaminants through physicochemical processes). Keywords: analysis; chemical; drying; energy; method; sewage; sludge; treatment; value
• cet-14647 by None (None) - The order of magnitude of both indices decreases with increasing tank filling levels, confirming the trend discussed previously. As an example, for atmospheric storage tanks, that are the object of this study, technical literature is available for seismic actions, providing vulnerability studies based on observed damage from past events, as in Salzano et al. (2003). Keywords: analysis; assessment; failure; filling; hazard; risk; storage; tanks; tsunami
• cet-14658 by None (None) - However, the introduction of new technologies can bring ergonomic risks, cyber risks and psychosocial risks associated with human interaction with AI and robotics. In order to fulfil the essence of risk analysis, risks are subsequently assessed by a semi-quantitative assessment based on the premise of using rating scales. Keywords: analysis; employees; health; industry; occupational; risks; safety; work
• cet-14664 by None (None) - The semi-quantitative method presented herein integrates qualitative expert judgments with quantitative data, fostering a comprehensive evaluation of various scenarios involving dust-related hazards: central to this approach is the utilization of a Risk Matrix, where severity and likelihood classes are intersected to generate risk levels associated with identified dust-related scenarios. Revised: 23 February 2024; Accepted: 5 July 2024 Please cite this article as: Gritti A., Carluccio L.M., Pellegrini L., 2024, Semi-quantitative Dust Hazard Analysis: Advantages and Limitations of Using a Risk Matrix in DHA, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 111, 265-270 DOI:10.3303/CET24111045 CHEMICAL ENGINEERING TRANSACTIONS VOL. 111, 2024 A publication of The Italian Association of Chemical Engineering Online at www.cetjournal.it Guest Editors: Valerio Cozzani, Bruno Fabiano, Genserik Reniers Copyright © 2024, AIDIC Servizi S.r.l. ISBN 979-12-81206-11-3; ISSN 2283-9216 Semi-quantitative Dust Hazard Analysis: Advantages and Limitations of using a Risk Matrix in DHA Andrea Gritti*, Leonardo Michele Carluccio, Lorenzo Pellegrini DEKRA Italia s.r.l., Process Safety Business Unit, Via Fratelli Gracchi 27, 20122 Cinisello Balsamo (MI), Italy andrea.gritti@dekra.com The management of dust hazards within industrial environments remains a critical concern, as sadly testified by the catastrophic events occurred in recent history. Keywords: analysis; dha; dust; explosion; ignition; risk
• cet-14669 by None (None) - Additionally, the improvement of safety procedures to manage accidents involving lithium ion batteries should be considered. The storage buildings within the yard area are used to store lithium batteries. Keywords: accidents; analysis; batteries; battery; fire; ion; lithium; plant; risk; safety; site; storage; unit
• cet-14673 by None (None) - The findings of this research offer valuable insights into laboratory safety in academic settings, providing a risk assessment and mitigation model adaptable to various experimental setups. This framework aims to enhance the understanding of potential dangers within the lab and emphasize the importance of a comprehensive approach to laboratory safety. Keywords: analysis; chemical; equipment; hazop; laboratories; laboratory; pressure; research; risk; safety
• cet-14681 by None (None) - The kinetics of the thermal decomposition of EMs can be extracted from thermal analysis data and, once their reliability for extrapolation outside the range of calibration has been thoroughly assessed, used to predict the shelf life – to this end, the failure threshold needs to be defined as a function of the limiting extent of conversion. Different thermal analysis techniques, such as thermogravimetry (TG), differential thermal analysis (DTA), and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), have been widely used to investigate the decomposition of EMs, even as simultaneous techniques (i.e., TG/DTA and TG/DSC) and in combination with mass spectrometry (MS) and/or Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) Keywords: aging; analysis; data; decomposition; ems; kinetic
• cet-14688 by None (None) - The Petro-HRA method comprehends the definition of the scenario, data collection, task analysis, identification, modeling, and quantification of human errors, and the reduction of human error probabilities. • Task analysis – It defines and structures the operators' tasks through a hierarchical task analysis (HTA) following the detect-diagnose-decide-act cognitive-behavioral model; it is based on the section devoted to nondestructive examination of pressure vessels of the ASME BPVC (ASME, 2023). Keywords: aet; analysis; errors; hra; hydrogen; inspection; probability; sub; tank; task
• cet-14738 by None (None) - The identification of proteins is based on matching molecular masses of peptides against protein databases. The identification of peptide fragments relied on the manifestation of ions m/z in a multi-charged state Notably, our study omitted the analysis of peptide fragments with a 1+ charge due to their unreliable detection outcomes. Keywords: acid; analysis; bird; gallus; mass; nest; peptide; protein; sample
• cet-14755 by None (None) - Thus evaluation of odour compounds, but also their identification with mass spectral information is achieved (Hayes et al., 2023). 68 Overall, the direct sensory evaluation of odour samples in this lab setting provides valuable insights that are not achievable through concentration measurement alone. Keywords: air; analysis; carpet; compounds; odour; office; sample; smell; sniffing; voc
• cet-14763 by None (None) - Keywords: fresh fish, electronic nose, shelf life, quality assessment. Given the limitations of traditional analysis techniques for assessing fish freshness, emerging technologies like electronic noses (E-nose) offer a promising solution. Keywords: analysis; day; fish; freshness; nose; quality; samples; sensors; storage
• cet-14765 by None (None) - Conclusions Through years of investigating odour emission reduction techniques at rendering facilities and slaughterhouses by combining olfactometry with sensorial analysis, it became clear that olfactometry as stand-alone analysis often lacks the required potential to correctly determine the odour removal efficiency of the technique. Odour emissions are a complex mixture of volatile chemicals and therefore cannot be completely assessed by a stand-alone odour monitoring technique (Muñoz et al., 2010). Keywords: air; analysis; bat; biofilter; concentration; odour; olfactometry
• cet-14776 by None (None) - Characterization of the principal chemical-physical parameters and odour concentration at different times of the investigated OFMSW were performed. Preliminary results indicate a notable increasing trend in odour concentration over time, with an inverse correlation between odour concentration and humidity and a direct correlation with temperature. Keywords: analysis; collection; concentration; emissions; management; odour; ofmsw; time; waste
• cet-14784 by None (None) - In addition, soil type, soil resistivity, ionic content, and soil pH can be indicators of the ongoing corrosion of the transmission tower that uses galvanized tape as earthing electrode. The inconclusive results from previous research regarding the significance of soil properties towards corrosivity led to more questions for example, the unknown correlation between soil type and the corrosion rate of metal (in this case galvanized tape) which subsequently undetermined the lifespan of galvanized tape as an earthing electrode in various soil types for the maintenance purposes. Keywords: analysis; corrosion; earthing; figure; rate; soil; tape
• cet-14799 by None (None) - According to the definition of the United Nations World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), sustainable tourism is tourism that considers environmental, economic, and social impacts, both present and future, including the needs of tourists, industry, the environment and local communities for creating the right balance (WTTC, 2021). There are many ways of sustainable tourism; e.g., green tourism that focuses on environmentally friendly tourism activities (Dory, 2023), community-based tourism that emphasizes on the process of participation in managing the natural and cultural capital of the community to create maximum benefits, and ecotourism that is not only an appreciation of nature, but also helps in creating economic opportunities for local communities (Furqan et al., 2010). Keywords: analysis; chiang; energy; gap; ghg; hotel; mai; tourism; transport
• cet-14818 by None (None) - This study proposes an evaluation method for urban green space accessibility with the aim of improving residents' well-being. Taking Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (SAR), China as an example, the study analyzes the impact of transportation on urban green space accessibility. Keywords: accessibility; analysis; density; green; hong; kong; network; park; space; study; urban
• cet-15033 by None (None) - Besides, the energy efficiency and performance of the vehicles can be improved by vibroacoustic simulations. Our research highlights the importance of vibroacoustic simulation and opens new directions in the field of noise reduction, promoting the spread of sustainable transport solutions. Keywords: analysis; design; doi; methods; noise; reduction; simulation; vehicle; vibration; vibroacoustic
• cet-15036 by None (None) - Moderately dense soil (Type C) may require more detailed investigation for seismic design than A and B. Loose soil (Type D) is most susceptible to shaking amplification, requiring careful design considerations. The analysis considered seismic performance (deflection) and material usage for sustainability. Keywords: analysis; building; damage; design; earthquake; material; performance; pga; soil; structures
• cet-15107 by None (None) - a. b. 82 As shown in Table 4, activation energy (Ea) for hot pepper is between 11.79 and 27.17 kJ·mol-1 where the D2 mechanism shows the best value of the correlation coefficient (R²=0.93) suggesting that this mechanism best describes the reaction kinetics for hot pepper pyrolysis. nazimnazim2@gmail.com This study aims at investigating the pyrolysis kinetic parameters of hot pepper waste with a comparative analysis against tomato pomace; a material previously explored in the literature. Keywords: analysis; biomass; biomasses; energy; kinetic; pepper; pomace; pyrolysis; tomato
• cet-15119 by None (None) - Revised: 22 February 2025; Accepted: 20 April 2025 Please cite this article as: Taylor J., 2025, Using Accident Anatomy Analysis and Small Language Models to Support Systematic Lessons Learned Analysis and Improve the Completeness of Hazard Analysis, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 116, 61-66 DOI:10.3303/CET25116011 CHEMICAL ENGINEERING TRANSACTIONS VOL. 116, 2025 A publication of The Italian Association of Chemical Engineering Online at www.cetjournal.it Guest Editors: Bruno Fabiano, Valerio Cozzani Systematic_Lessons_Learned_Analysis_for_Oil_and_gas_Plant, (139 accidents, 426 lessons learned) · 66 https://www.csb.gov/ http://shippai.jst.go.jp/en/Search http://www.shippai.org/fkd/en/lisen/cat102.html 11taylor.pdf Using Accident Anatomy Analysis and Small Language Models to Support Systematic Lessons Learned Analysis and Improve the Completeness of Hazard Analysis Keywords: accident; analysis; completeness; hazard; hazop; language; lessons; risk; taylor
• cet-15297 by None (None) - Precipitation data measured by the stations localise precipitation in a timely manner, so it would be optimal to use additional sensors to those established by IDIGER to perform statistical validations and comparisons of precipitation and reflectivity. For the hours of 19:34, 19:40, 19:46, 19:52, 19:58, 20:05, 20:11 and 20:17; accumulated precipitation values greater than zero were recorded for more than 20 IDIGER stations, indicating that, for those precipitation events, both radars and stations were constantly recording the event that caused emergencies in the city. Keywords: analysis; angle; data; precipitation; radar; reflectivity; stations; values
• cet-15338 by None (None) - If the pressure build-up in the storage tank is significant, due to the high gas production resulting from the chemical reaction between incompatible products, it may cause the storage tank to rupture or burst pneumatically. Estimation of the probability based on the central unwanted event The British database FRED provides the frequency of occurrence of an accident linked to a mixture of incompatible products during an unloading operation as a function of the level of risk control implemented on the industrial site. Keywords: analysis; error; mixtures; operations; product; safety; tank; unloading
• cet-15438 by None (None) - 2.2 Data exploration and planning This study examines research evolution on ASME BPVC software applications by asking: ¿How have scientific publications related to ASME BPVC software evolved globally between 2015-2024? The map of connections in design (figure 3), materials and ASME BPVC standards, generated with VOSviewer, shows an interconnected network of key concepts in structural safety and reliability research for pressurized components. Keywords: analysis; asme; bpvc; et al; industrial; pressure; research; safety; software; standards
• cet-15627 by None (None) - CO2 Load (Mt) Infeasible Cascade (Mt) Feasible Cascade (Mt) Pupuk Kaltim Badak LNG Semen Bosowa Semen Tonasa Kutai Tarakan Basin North East Java 5 2.403 5.514 4.65 3.76 0 58.572 ↓ ↓ ↓ ↓ 2 0.493 0.986 7 ↓ ↓ 1.575 ↓ ↓ 0.986 59.558 ↓ ↓ ↓ ↓ ↓ 1 -1.082 -1.082 8 ↓ ↓ ↓ 3.791 ↓ ↓ -0.096 58.476 ↓ ↓ ↓ ↓ ↓ ↓ 12 -4.873 -58.476 20 ↓ ↓ ↓ ↓ ↓ ↓ -58.572 0 ↓ ↓ ↓ ↓ ↓ 7 0.641 4.487 (Pinch) 27 ↓ ↓ ↓ ↓ ↓ -54.085 4.487 ↓ ↓ ↓ ↓ 1 2.216 2.216 28 ↓ ↓ ↓ ↓ -51.869 6.703 ↓ ↓ ↓ 2 6.007 12.014 30 ↓ ↓ ↓ -39.855 18.717 ↓ These approaches are particularly valuable since CCS planning involves several complex challenges including the temporal and spatial mismatch between CO2 sources and sinks, infrastructure limitations, and capital cost (Handogo et al., 2020). Keywords: analysis; co2; pinch; sink; source; storage; superstructure; ↓ ↓
• cet-15659 by None (None) - This provides a more comprehensive assessment for targeting minimal carbon-emission energy transition options towards hydrogen energy, considering various types of energy supply and demand in the eco-industrial park. When there is an excess in energy supply (overlapping on the supply curve), the production of the energy supply type with the lowest priority in the AHP ranking should be reduced. Keywords: analysis; carbon; cepa; demand; electricity; emission; energy; fuel; hydrogen; ktoe; supply
• cet-15684 by None (None) - Height of Anemometer Tower (m) 110 120 130 140 160 166 351 The assessment of wind energy resources in the region revealed the project area was particularly conducive to wind energy production. Currently, the oilfield is in the nascent stage of green power substitution (renewable energy power generation project). Keywords: analysis; carbon; energy; grid; irr; power; project; rate; tariff; wind
• cet-15725 by None (None) - For the dimension execution of sustainable mobility policies, the officials showed a moderately high level, in the analysis it was found that the implemented policies showed an average of 2.43, the compliance with implementation deadlines obtained an average value of 3.43 and the effectiveness in improving sustainable mobility was 3.86. So far, the results reflect that management strategies in San Miguel have a significant impact on aspects leading to universal accessibility, efficiency, safety, and environmental sustainability for compliance with the Sustainable Development Goals (SDG), actions that improve road infrastructure, promote clean technologies and promote a modern transportation system help in the transition to sustainable mobility (Sustainable Mobility for All, 2019). Keywords: accessibility; analysis; management; miguel; mobility; policies; safety; san; strategies; transport
• cet-203 by None (None) - Using a case study based on Philippine data, the methodology is shown to provide useful insights for determining how carbon emissions intensity can be reduced. Process Integration (PI) methodology, which was originally developed to optimize heat recovery in industrial plants (Linnhoff et al., 1982) has proven to be an important engineering strategy for reducing carbon emissions due to the reduction in fuel use (Dhole and Linnhoff, 1993). Keywords: analysis; carbon; co2; emissions; energy; footprint; methodology
• Reliability Analysis and Risk Analysis: Integration between Hazop, FMEDA and Fault Tree Analysis for SIL Assessment by Antonello, Franco; Dedominicis, Davide; Ivaldi, Alessandro; Fiocca, Graziano; Tomiato, Loris (2016) - DOI: 10.3303/CET1648001 Please cite this article as: Antonello F., Dedominicis D., Ivaldi A., Fiocca G., Tomiato L., 2016, Reliability analysis and risk analysis:integration between hazop and fault tree analysis, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 48, 1-6 DOI:10.3303/CET1648001 1 2. The described method incorporates in a single software, with the use of a single data input, all the steps typical of risk analysis: the division of the system into nodes for HazOp application, the calculation of the frequencies of TopEvents and Minimal CutSets, and the construction of fault trees and event trees, as well as evaluation of the system SIL. Keywords: analysis; event; failure; fault; reliability; software
• Analysis Methodology for Hydrogen Accident Scenarios in Complex Industrial Environments by Breitung, Wolfgang; Kotchourko, Alexei; Yanez, Jorge (2016) - To calculate the space and time dependent hydrogen distribution with a three-dimensional code the following input is needed: a) 3d geometry of the plant in the best possible resolution, b) mitigation measures installed in the building, e.g. ventilation, c) definition of the initiating event and accident scenario, d) definition of the gas DOI: 10.3303/CET1648003 Please cite this article as: Breitung W., Kotchourko A., Yanez J., 2016, Analysis methodology for hydrogen accident scenarios in complex industrial environments, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 48, 13-18 DOI:10.3303/CET1648003 13 Figure 1 Steps in the mechanistic analysis of accident scenarios with unintended release of hydrogen. Breitung W., Chan C., Dorofeev S., Eder A., Gelfand D., Heitsch M. Klein R., Malliakos A., Shepherd E., Studer E., Thibault P., 2000, State-of-the-art report on flame acceleration and deflagration-to-detonation transition in nuclear safety, OECD Report NEA/CSNI/R(2000)7 Dorofeev S.B., Sidorov V.P. Kuznetsov M.S., Matsukov I.D., Alekseev V.I., 2000, Effect of scale on the onset of detonations, Shock Waves 10 (2), 2000, 137-149 Dorofeev S.B., Kuznetsov M.S., Alekseev V.I., Efimenko A.A., Breitung W., 2001, Evaluation of limits for effective flame acceleration in hydrogen mixtures, Journal of Loss Prev. in the Process Industr., 14, pp. Keywords: air; analysis; combustion; figure; flame; generator; hydrogen; release; turbine
• cet-3414 by None (None) - Microsoft Word - 025.docx CHEMICAL ENGINEERING TRANSACTIONS VOL. 48, 2016 A publication of The Italian Association of Chemical Engineering Online at www.aidic.it/cet Guest Editors: Eddy de Rademaeker, Peter Schmelzer Copyright © 2016, AIDIC Servizi S.r.l., ISBN 978-88-95608-39-6; ISSN 2283-9216 Root Cause Analysis – the Central Instrument in a Larger Orchestra Thomas Hill BASF SE, Occupational Safety – Global Concepts and Training, GUS/AS – M940, Carl-Bosch-Str. 38, 67056 Ludwigshafen, Germany thomas.hill@basf.com Within BASF there is a large variety of tools connected to learning from accidents or incidents like incident investigation, root cause analysis, databases, short notice communication, detailed communication about severe incidents or accumulation of similar incidents and so for. An evaluation – applied to LTIs (lost time injuries) - shows that there is room for improvement with respect to root cause analysis: In some cases the root cause analysis is not done or documented at all and in other cases the focus is only on “personal performance” but other root causes could and should also have been addressed but were missing. Keywords: analysis; basf; cause; incident; rca; root
• Development of an Electronic Nose to Identify and Classify Odours from Spirits Beverages by Blanco-Rodriguez, A.; Campo, F.; Morales, O.; Valiente, R.; Lambert, B.; Becherán, L.; Garcia-Ramirez, A. (2016) - MLP is a powerful and relative simple method for data pattern analysis, with high capacity to interpolation and also it allows to establish complex and non-linear patterns. The results of this study support the potential of e-noses as reliable electronic instruments for qualitative analyses of odorants from different alcoholic beverages. Keywords: analysis; beverages; data; figure; nose; odorants; samples; sensors; slope; som; transient
• Probabilistic Fault Tree Analysis of Refinery Plant Components subject to Earthquake Scenarios by Vianello, C.; Zanini, M.A.; Pellegrino, C.; Maschio, G. (2016) - Subsequently, for each ith simulation, a PGAi,x value was sampled, and for each kth scenario it was used for define release probability values Pi,RSj (PGAi,x). Release probability values derived in the ith simulation from the electro-mechanical initiator events branch and earthquake occurrence branch are thus processed according to the fault tree diagram (taking into account logical operators AND, OR) to derive a final set of aggregate release probability values for RS1, RS2 and RS3. Keywords: analysis; failure; hazard; probability; release; tree; values
• cet-3735 by None (None) - In this way, it was analysed product characteristics such as size, precision, surface finish and functionality as well as the rapid prototyping technology characteristics of mechanical strength, material diversity, surface finish, accuracy, the prototype size, the speed of construction, the need for support, the loss of material, the need for post processing and the construction time. Figure 3 illustrates the prioritization of analysed technology and product characteristics. Keywords: analysis; characteristics; development; method; product; prototype; prototyping; technology
• The Multi-dimensional Customer Behavior Analysis Based On Biayes and Fisher Classification Algorithm by Wang, G.H.; Jiao, F.L. (2016) - The Bayesian classification algorithm, using probability and statistics to classification samples, is one of the earliest methods for dealing with uncertainty by classification. The original data is from some operators in Harbin in Heilongjiang province, and from sample data for the data flow gas package users in March. Keywords: algorithm; analysis; bayesian; classification; data; discriminant; fisher; network; probability; sample
• Preparation of TiO2@SiO2 with a Hollow Olive-shaped Cable by Electrospinning by Feng, Q.; Wang, L.; Su, L.; Xu, S. (2017) - For example, DG Shin and others synthesized the MoS2/CNT coaxial nanotube by using hydrothermal method (Shin, et al., 2015); Hu and others combined the thermal precipitation and physical evaporation to synthesize three-layer coaxial nanocables (Ga/Ga2O3/ZnO) and the Ga2O3/ZnO two-layer coaxial nanotubes (Hu, et al., 2014); for the composite material of one- dimensional TiO2 /SiO2 nano-structured materials, Zhang and others prepared the coaxial TiO2/SiO2 nanotubes by using the sol-gel and gas method; Xu and others prepared the TiO2/SiO2 composite hollow nanofibres, TiO2@SiO2 submicron coaxial cables and TiO2@SiO2 coaxial double-wall submicron by using electrospinning technology (Xu, et al., 2012). Figure 1: Setup of the multilayer coaxial electrospinning 2.3 The preparation of the TiO2@SiO2 hollow olive-shaped cable The prepared [Sesame oil+Span-80+ Ti(OC4H9)4]@ [PVP+（C2H5O) 4Si] coaxial composite fibers are roasted through the programmed temperature control furnace, and the heating rate is 1℃/min. Keywords: analysis; coaxial; figure; olive; tio2; tube
• cet-4048 by None (None) - Based on pervious concrete summarized existing research results, based on pervious concrete mix design features in- depth analysis of the relationship between the parameters and principles of performance and mechanical properties of porous concrete between the constituent materials; and selecting suitable raw materials, optimization of flooding concrete materials to determine the best ratio of porous concrete; Finally, life cycle environmental assessment system, ordinary concrete, pervious concrete and pervious concrete high performance environment coordination of the evaluation carried out. Based on pervious concrete mix design features in-depth analysis of the relationship between the parameters and principles of performance and mechanical properties of porous concrete between the constituent materials; and selecting suitable raw materials, optimizing pervious concrete material, permeable to determine the best ratio of concrete; Finally, life cycle environmental assessment system, ordinary concrete, pervious concrete and pervious concrete high performance environment coordination of the evaluation carried out. Keywords: aggregate; analysis; concrete; design; mix; performance; porosity
• cet-4341 by None (None) - Seeds image is collected in order to locate and analyze. Industrial camera in the system is used to collect seeds image. Keywords: analysis; figure; image; processing
• cet-4971 by None (None) - Since the limited knowledge of accident root causes, slapdash remedies, and occasional inspections are clearly inadequate to highlight and control the criticalities of complex activities, the first target should be an unbiased analysis of the causal chain of events that led to the accident. So far the availability of statistical accident databases has stimulated numerous attempts of manipulations, both in a numerical and keyword approach, some of them producing real interesting results (e.g. based on analysis with clustering algorithms, fuzzy logic or statistical learning algorithms inspired by biological neural networks (Demichela et al, 2007). Keywords: accident; analysis; causes; prevention; risk; root; safety; work
• cet-4977 by None (None) - The running work is now the application of the revised model to the new set of occupational accidents data, and namely: The activities are here introduced with their early results related to: a) the analysis of large database of occupational accidents, with the aim of identifying, through the clustering of similar events, the more critical features to be used in risk assessment and prevention; b) the in-depth analysis of occupational accidents, that through a combination of Event Tree and Fault Tree Analysis, leads to focus step by step the intermediate and root causes of work-related accidents; c) the collection, classification and analysis of unsafe acts and unsafe conditions as precursors of occupational accidents, in order to identify the measures to be adopted to minimize their recurrence. Keywords: accidents; analysis; data; figure; prevention; risk
• cet-4978 by None (None) - The method has been applied successfully to a data base of occupational accident with the purpose of grouping the element according with their similarity and making a clear visualisation of this classification. The systematic reporting and collecting of occupational accidents in an organised data base represent a measurement of the safety level of a system and not only a collection of single events. Keywords: accident; analysis; clustering; data; level; method; number
• cet-5293 by None (None) - 3. Results and discussion 3.1 Precision Figure 3: Concentration of dimethyl sulfide in room ventilation air measured by PTR-MS (empty circles) and GC-SCD (full circle) with standard deviation (n around 40 and n=3, respectively) Figure 4: Concentration in room ventilation air (µg/m³) (a) and emission (g/h) (b) of dimethyl sulfide, p- cresol and propanoic acid over one week of measurements. Keywords: air; analysis; concentration; pig; sampling; ventilation
• cet-5725 by None (None) - First, through a between-subjects approach, the concepts involved in biomass plants acceptance were defined and related to each other by means of Fuzzy Cognitive Map (FCM). 2. Methodology 2.1 Fuzzy Cognitive Map implementation Different studies have investigated biomass plants acceptance. Keywords: acceptance; algorithm; analysis; bioenergy; biomass; centrality; concepts; fcm; information; optimization; plant; stakeholders
• cet-5937 by None (None) - The issues of SMEs safety management systems in Europe and the TOSCA project The Total Operations Management for Safety Critical Activities (TOSCA) project is a European Project within the context of the 7th Framework Programme aimed at developing an innovative approach to integrate and enhance safety, quality and productivity especially for SMe in the process industry. The requirements for safety management in existing and upcoming standards and regulations, as for example the ISO 31000 and or the Seveso II directive, call for a proactive strategic approach, anticipating risks and demonstrating a capacity to keep safety at the centre of changes driven by commercial competition, and ensuring that safety evidence itself becomes an effective driver of change. Keywords: analysis; assessment; management; methods; operations; risk; safety; smes; tools; tosca
• cet-5941 by None (None) - During the risk evaluation procedure, human risk level, based on the results of HEP, has been introduced into the original ATEX risk assessment methodology. In ATEX risk evaluation, in general, the risk (R) relies on a semi-quantitative approach based on the following indexes: probability of an explosive atmosphere formation (P), probability of the presence of an effective ignition source (C), consequences (D), and also the other factors (e.g. personnel presence (PL), dust explosion index (Kst), Gas explosion index (KG), Cloud Volume (VZ), Layer Thickness (SS), Keywords: analysis; assessment; atex; evaluation; hofs; human; probability; risk
• cet-6361 by None (None) - Yes 7.0 1.26 References Alexandrov Th., Golyandina N., 2005, Automatic extraction and forecast of time series cyclic components within the framework of SSA, Proceedings of the Fifth Workshop on Simulation, June 26-July 2, 2005, St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, 45–50. Briceño H., 2012, Comparing time series techniques for electric load demand, MSc. Keywords: analysis; components; load; series; singular; spectrum; ssa; time
• Factor Impacts and Target Setting of Energy Consumption in Thailand Sanitary Ceramics Industry by Wongsapai, Wongkot; Damrongsak, Det; Malakrong, Parida (2018) - Energy consumption of sanitary ceramics manufacture were collected from four factories, which consumed 75 % of energy consumption in sanitary ceramics sector. This sector has been proportion of energy consumption were thermal energy accounting 85 % and electrical 15 % of energy consumption. Keywords: analysis; ceramics; consumption; energy; sanitary; sector
• cet-8913 by None (None) - ‘The downside risk of project portfolios: The impact of capital investment projects and the value of project efficiency and project risk management programmes’, International Journal of Project Management. This software allows the financial evaluation of investment projects in fixed assets considering all the projections that support this evaluation, which also become elements of control and monitoring, positioning it as well as a tool of primary use in the evaluation of all types of projects. Keywords: analysis; engineering; investment; project; risk; sales; software; v1.0
• Development of a New Instrumental Measurement of Odorous VOCs Based On Precise Fingerprints Obtained by a Multitude of Biosensors by Lafhal, Sofia; Herrier, Cyril; Livache, Thierry; Guillot, Jean-Michel (2018) - The basis of electronic noses is sensor array where odorous VOCs interact on the sensor surface. The global device is illustrated by Figure 2: The first step is odorous air pumping (1); followed by the transport of the compounds in the chamber (2); then there is an interaction of the compounds with chemical sensors on a prism with a thin layer of gold (3). Keywords: analysis; chemical; compounds; device; figure; measurement; neose; sensors
• Economic, Feasibility, and Sustainability Analysis of Energy Efficient Distillation Based Separation Processes by Zubir, Muhammad Afiq; Islam Zahran, Muhammad Fakhrul; Shahruddin, Munawar Zaman; Ibrahim, Kamarul Asri ; Abd Hamid, Mohd Kamaruddin (2019) - Gani R., Bek-Pedersen E., 2000, Simple new algorithm for distillation column design. Figure 2: PFD of the existing design Table 2: Design variables of existing design Operating Variables T-100 T-101 T-102 T-103 T-104 Ordinary Column Ordinary Column Ordinary Column Ordinary Column Ordinary Column Number of stages 35 46 121 118 172 Feed stage 18 23 61 59 114 Feed (kmol/h) 1,000.0 399.9 200.0 199.9 600.1 Min. reflux ratio 1.1340 1.6845 7.5533 7.4176 33.6833 Reflux ratio (mol) 1.3608 2.0214 9.0640 8.9011 40.4200 Pressure (atm) 2 2 2 2 2 Keywords: analysis; column; design; distillation; energy; force; method; stages; study

• cet-1161 by None (None) - In the aspect of sensor data fusion technology, a hybrid fusion algorithm based on adaptive weighting algorithm and Calman filtering algorithm is proposed, which not only improves the monitoring accuracy, but also reduces the energy consumption. So, reducing the data transmission between sensor nodes becomes an effective way to reduce the energy consumption of sensor networks. Keywords: algorithm; data; fusion; sensor; t t
• cet-12246 by None (None) - Determining key PSFs is a decision-making system, but there is always lack of historical data of PSF. The final result indicates that the proposed method provides a reasonable and effective way to find key PSFs for ensuring human reliability in shipping LNG offloading work. Keywords: data; degree; grey; human; lng; psfs; reliability
• cet-12763 by None (None) - Introduction One of the main directions of using remote sensing (RS) data in agriculture is the analysis of the effectiveness of agricultural land use. State statistics and agricultural land records in this case become biased, making it difficult to assess the efficiency and control of agricultural land use. Keywords: data; figure; kazakhstan; land; pavlodar; region; sensing; soil; use; vegetation
• cet-12804 by None (None) - At first, we carried out an analysis of the results provided by the IOMS, so that we could identify the most frequent odour classes and relative odour concentrations: it was decided to investigate different ranges of odour concentration to verify which sources were most influential in the most intense episodes of nuisance. A total of 51 samples were collected, with odour concentrations ranging from 20 to 2435 uoE/m3. Keywords: citizens; class; data; ioms; odour; plant; reports; treatment
• cet-12806 by None (None) - The exclusive usage of human sensory methods effects that for all legally relevant situations, sensor systems may not be applied as a substitute, regardless of their actual performance. Source attribution was possible from 50 ouE/m³. 4.2 Odour training using extended field inspection Following lab qualification from the section above, a small network of sensor systems was deployed on the wastewater plant. Keywords: data; ioms; odour; sample; sensor; source; systems; training; validation
• cet-12808 by None (None) - A recent report by the World Meteorological Organization (WMO) comprehensively 49 mailto:jesuslozano@unex.es examines a range of low-cost gas sensors for air quality monitoring (Lung et al., 2018). Conclusions and Future Works In this paper, a low-cost, low-consumption and very small size Instrumental Odour Monitoring System has been used for air quality monitoring. Keywords: air; air quality; data; device; figure; monitoring; network; quality; sensors
• cet-12813 by None (None) - Furthermore, with a view to increasing the confidence of the population in the objective characterization of odours and related impacts, the implementation of aspects of communication and active involvement in decision-making and control models are suggested (Zarra et al., 2010; Levontin et al., 2022).The retrieval of odour characterization data through the active involvement of the population directly impacted from the odour nuisance is part of a virtuous approach know as Citizen Science, in which participation becomes an opportunity for institutions, businesses and citizens to identify the best strategy for managing the problem, sharing the decision-making processes in solving the critical issues reported (Alharbi and Soh, 2019; The main feature is related to the validation of odour annoyance data collected from citizens with the data collected from Instrumental Odour Monitoring Systems (IOMSs), Air Quality and meteorological stations. Keywords: class; data; ioms; monitoring; odour; population; treatment
• cet-12820 by None (None) - A total of 600 odour observations were collected by 86 unique users, which are under analysis in this paper with the objective to understand odour trends and to identify potential user input errors, such as odour observations mapped as pleasant but with negative comments on the annoyance perception. Geolocated odour observations provide useful information about the real distribution of the odour impact in the studied area. Keywords: area; data; impact; observations; odour; odour observations; sludge; treatment; waste; wastewater
• cet-12828 by None (None) - Due to the frequent reports of odour nuisance from the citizens living in the proximity of the plant, in agreement with the regional guidelines on odour emission management, several olfactometric campaigns were carried out at the WWTP emission sources with the purpose of determining odour concentrations and odour emission rates. Based on visual investigation of the PCA score plot, the PC1 direction expresses a clear correlation with the odour concentration of samples: decreasing PC1 values correspond to increasing odour concentration. Keywords: arrival; arrival tank; concentration; data; odour; plant; tank
• cet-12829 by None (None) - In this paper, we investigate the possibility to implement the Orthogonal Signal Correction (OSC) method for compensating the relative humidity effect on MOS sensors. The results achieved proved that the OSC implementation can be a suitable method for the mitigation of the RH interference on MOS sensors, since its application significantly improved the performances of classification, increasing the global accuracy above 70% for both e-noses considered in this study. Keywords: data; implementation; osc; performances; sensors; test
• cet-13071 by None (None) - Many commercial drones come with different types of camera sensors, for example the DJI Phantom 4 Multispectral comes with a multispectral camera. The data received by UAV sensors can be spectral, spatial and 243 temporal. Keywords: agriculture; cameras; crop; data; dji; multispectral; sensefly; sensing; sensors; uav; uavs
• Automatically Recorded Performance and Behaviour Parameters as Risk Factors for Lameness in Dairy Cattle by Schindhelm, K.; Lorenzini, I.; Tremblay, M.; Dopfer, D.; Reese, S.; Haidn, B. (2017) - A “lame”-“non-lame” cow days ratio of 50:50 was achieved by using the SMOTE (Synthetic Minority Over-sampling Technique) algorithm (Chawla et al., 2002) before the analysis where the minority class (lame cow days) is up-sampled and the majority class is down-sampled. The pain caused by hoof lesions could be increased by this uneven weight distribution and lame cows would then avoid to change their position from standing to lying and vice versa. Keywords: data; day; duration; feed; feeding; lameness; lying; milk; parameters
• cet-13725 by None (None) - Moreover, it was demonstrated that conventional empirical correlations, initially developed for hydrocarbon fuels, underestimate both dimension and duration of hydrogen fireballs recorded during small-scale tests (Ustolin and Paltrinieri, 2020). The aim of this study is to obtain an analysis of hydrogen fireballs to provide new critical insights for consequence analysis. Keywords: data; diameter; duration; fireball; hydrogen; lh2; models; sh2ift
• cet-14342 by None (None) - For the clusters according to hard indicators, the third cluster performs best, with the most positive indicators. One is that hard indicators should be treated and interpreted with caveats. Keywords: clusters; countries; country; data; indicators; life; oecd; sdg11; table
• cet-14347 by None (None) - Table 3: Number of ancestors accounting for the genetic variability Degree of genetic variability Total population Reference population 50 % 30 6 60 % 57 9 70 % 113 15 80 % 318 27 90 % 775 64 100 % 2,208 396 There were 3,828 animals inbred. Schütz L., Gulyás L., Wagenhoffer Zs., Sáfár L., Becskei Zs., Gáspárdy A., Kárpáti E., 2023, Determination of the generation interval in the Gyimes Racka and its importance in endangered sheep breeds. Keywords: animal; average; breeding; data; generation; number; pedigree; population; racka; sheep
• cet-14350 by None (None) - The elements of the taxonomic assessment used to determine the integral index of asbestos involvement were the same as Oliinyk et al. (2023) with the method used. 𝑑𝑑0𝑖𝑖 = �� (𝑍𝑍𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖−𝑍𝑍0𝑖𝑖)2, 𝑛𝑛,𝑚𝑚 𝑖𝑖,𝑖𝑖=1 (3) Eq(4) Calculation of the taxonomic index of the asbestos involvement integral index, which reflects the alternative measure of asbestos involvement of the Hungarian NUTS-2 regions (Ki) with formula (Eq(4)), where: Ki is the picture of the given level of asbestos involvement in each Hungarian NUTS-2 region; 𝑑𝑑0��� is the arithmetic mean of the corresponding Euclidean distance; 𝜎𝜎0 is the standard deviation of the corresponding Euclidean distance. Keywords: asbestos; cement; data; health; index; involvement; management; value; waste
• cet-14356 by None (None) - Our research focuses on the results of energy efficiency measures implemented by these large consumer companies. Mills and Rosenfeld (1996) identified both direct and indirect economic advantages of energy efficiency measures. Keywords: companies; data; efficiency; energy; energy efficiency; measures; modernisation; reports; savings; upgrade
• cet-14369 by None (None) - Wind speed trends are described by the slope of the fitted line in percent increase or decrease of wind speed per decade. 5. Conclusions Our examination of wind speed data from the Carpathian Basin spanning 1973-2022 has unveiled previously unknown regional variations in trends. Keywords: changes; daily; data; days; direction; hungarian; plain; speed; wind
• cet-14380 by None (None) - The procedure involves analyzing geotechnical data using ANNs to develop correlations for effective decision-making, mitigating potential damage caused by swelling clays. This paper presents a typical application that investigates the impact of swelling clays and discusses its integration into the BENIP framework, with an emphasis on its role in advancing sustainability in geotechnical engineering. Keywords: data; database; density; design; engineering; field; parameters; sand; soil; stress; swelling
• cet-14386 by None (None) - Taxonomy tags A notable feature of XBRL taxonomies used for sustainability reporting is the inclusion of external item lists, such as those sourced from Eurofilings, as value sets for dimension items. However, along with its benefits, this transition has presented companies with a prolonged and relatively slow adoption phase and also technical challenges, particularly in navigating the complexities of sustainability reporting, such as determining ‘what’ data to report (e.g., the effect of sustainable aspects on financial outcomes and vice versa) and ‘how’ (i.e., method of technology integration in internal strategy and operational frameworks) to communicate it effectively (Mora-Rodriguez et al., 2017). Keywords: companies; data; disclosures; european; information; reporting; reports; sustainability; taxonomies; taxonomy; xbrl
• cet-14388 by None (None) - According to the data, the severity of road traffic risks in the study area is relatively low, probably due to the fact that the area is an area of mixed industrial and residential commercial activities, resulting in relatively high traffic in the area, so the speed is not very high, so there are no cases of high severity. These data point to the need for road safety studies to find solutions to the problems that arise, with a particular focus on driver behaviour. Keywords: area; data; road; safety; severity; traffic
• cet-14652 by None (None) - Currently, the prevalent method for assessing physical fatigue relies on subjective testing, primarily employing the Borg scale. Motivated by the potential of objective measures, this research introduces an innovative approach to measuring physical fatigue. Keywords: data; exercises; fatigue; linear; pc1; pca; rate; scale; variables
• cet-14706 by None (None) - The former approach is based on the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) integrated with a fishbone diagram, while the latter relies on gradient-boosted decision trees and feature importance, integrated into the fishbone diagram framework. 5. Feature Importance: Random Forest can provide insights into feature importance, indicating which variables contribute most significantly to the model's predictions. Keywords: ahp; data; decision; energy; factors; feature; importance; transition
• cet-14717 by None (None) - The integration of proprietary firmware and software within Sensy streamlines data processing and transmission, allowing for the seamless collection, analysis, and sharing of environmental data. By systematically collecting and analyzing environmental data, industries can gain a clearer picture of their emissions landscape. Keywords: air; data; environmental; matter; monitoring; pollution; quality; solofra
• cet-14722 by None (None) - Figure 3: Isotherm model fits of the experimental adsorption equilibrium data (a); kinetics models to fit adsorption data (b). To overcome these difficulties, several strategies such as loading of the metallic nanoparticles on matrices of porous materials such as activated carbon and graphene oxide matrices have been suggested most feasible strategy to avoid agglomeration and increase adsorption potential synergistically (Wu et al., 2020). Keywords: adsorbent; adsorption; chromium; concentration; cr(vi; data; mgo@ac; studies; study; surface
• cet-14744 by None (None) - • Odour record data: date, time, location, odour character, hedonic tone and intensity of each record. Odour records form Several tools must be available and accessible to any population level to report a perceived odour, ranging from the manual format (completed within 24 hours of the observation) to any available digital or computerised form. Keywords: citizen; data; episodes; odour; plausibility; project; records; science; standard
• cet-14758 by None (None) - The paper outlines a collaborative approach aimed at defining specific steps for co-designing processes to address odour issues locally, with Thessaloniki as a pilot case. The paper aims to outline a collaborative approach aimed at defining specific steps for co-designing processes to address odour issues locally, with Thessaloniki as a pilot case. Keywords: approach; areas; case; citizen; data; odour; pilot; pollution; stakeholders; thessaloniki
• cet-14769 by None (None) - LEARN is a Horizon Europe project which aims to develop novel sensors to detect VOCs and UFPs, providing real-time monitoring of indoor air quality. By evaluating exposure levels and implementing remediation strategies using high-performance filtering systems, this research seeks to unlock a large technological potential to significantly improve indoor air quality in schools. Keywords: air; air quality; children; data; development; health; learn; pollutants; project; quality; schools
• cet-14803 by None (None) - Researchers have started quantifying carbon emissions because of a growing emphasis on global carbon emissions (Liu & Liang, 2017), which is crucial for understanding emissions sources and implementing reduction strategies because of the growing significance of sustainable development (Cabeza et al., 2014). Total carbon emissions were calculated based on the specified operational boundaries. Keywords: carbon; consumption; data; electricity; emissions; footprint; scope; study; waste
• cet-1481 by None (None) - Palmer N., Neal J., 2003, The handbook of environmental education, Taylor and Francis, Abingdon, United Kingdom Phang F.A., Wong W.Y., Ho C.S., Fujino J., Musa A.N., Safri I.E., Suda M., 2016a, Low carbon awareness among primary school students through Iskandar Malaysia ecolife challenge competition, Man in India, 96(1), 387-395 Phang F.A., Wong W.Y., Ho C.S., Fujino J., Musa A.N., Suda M., 2016b, Iskandar Malaysia Ecolife Challenge: Low carbon education for teachers and students, Clean Technologies and Environmental Policy, DOI: 10.1007/s10098-016-1215-y UTM-Low Carbon Asia Research Centre, 2013, Low Carbon Society Blueprint for Iskandar Malaysia 2025, 2nd ed., UTM-Low Carbon Asia Research Centre, Johor, Malaysia WWF Malaysia, 2016, Eco-Schools Program Malaysia accessed 11.07.2016 420 Therefore, research to improve the workbooks must be taken to ensure that Ecolife Challenge is not only effective in achieving LCS in a long run but also serves as an assessment tool for policy makers to learn how carbon emission can be reduced in the residential sectors and how school students can play an essential role in this. Keywords: carbon; challenge; data; ecolife; household; iskandar; malaysia; school; students
• cet-14974 by None (None) - However, manual data input for analysing building carbon emissions remains a significant challenge, resulting in time-consuming tasks and potential data gaps. Environmental impacts have become an important factor to consider in building design and construction, often analysed through Life Cycle Assessment (LCA). Keywords: assessment; bim; building; carbon; cycle; data; design; energy; information; integration; lca; life; sector
• cet-15038 by None (None) - Table 1: Evaluation of damage detection methods (advantageous: ++; normal: +; disadvantageous: -) Method type Complexity Technological demand Costliness Accuracy Applicability (1) The research methodology was conducted using the VOSviewer software to visually analyze bibliometric networks from a dataset of scientific publications, focusing on trends in structural health monitoring and highlighting key areas such as damage detection, computer vision, and AI-based techniques. Keywords: cloud; damage; data; detection; methods; monitoring; point; research; surface
• cet-15057 by None (None) - Illegal waste dumping, however, is a deviant behaviour (Pellow, 2004) that occurs daily, as it may range from throwing away a paper tissue to the improper dumping of heavy construction waste (Laundra, 2011). Illegal waste dumping poses significant environmental risks due to its potential impact on environmental effects and toxicity associated with the disposed materials. Keywords: collection; data; disposal; dumping; hungary; management; notifications; number; state; waste
• cet-15072 by None (None) - This research utilizes a wearable eye-tracking device to measure drivers' focus and distraction levels while also logging driving performance and energy consumption data. The addition of the Average Joule/Laptime (J/L) metric, derived from energy consumption data, provides a comprehensive view of each driver's performance and interaction with different user interfaces. Keywords: data; doi; driver; driving; efficiency; energy; eye; interface; speed; tracking; vehicle
• cet-15106 by None (None) - A survey on image data augmentation for deep learning. Stuyck, T. and Demeester, E., (2024), Impact of using GAN generated synthetic data for the classification of chemical foam in low data availability environments, in Proceedings of the 13th international conference on pattern recognition applications and methods, 620-627. Keywords: accuracy; data; dataset; detection; foam; images; synthetic
• cet-15113 by None (None) - The Kinect sensor captures precise video data that, when analyzed with CV, identifies repetitive actions, facilitating a semi-automated process and the evaluation of biomechanical risk assessments using the OCRA checklist method. This approach helped identify awkward postures and repetitive movements contributing to biomechanical risks. Keywords: assessment; data; ergonomics; experience; levels; questionnaires; risk; stress; workers
• cet-15115 by None (None) - This research aims to investigate if integrating advanced AI analytical methods can enhance the performance and applicability of QSPR models for predicting the physical hazards of chemical mixtures. Considering that we successfully developed QSPR models based on multilinear regression for the flash point of chemical mixtures in previous works (Fayet and Rotureau, 2019; Keywords: chemical; compounds; data; descriptors; flash; mixtures; models; qspr
• cet-15314 by None (None) - In particular, for a concentration of MEA in the solvent equal to 30% wt., Jou et al. (1995) collected experimental data of CO2 partial pressure at 0°C, 25°C, 40°C, 60°C, 80°C, 100°C, 120°C and 150°C, Ma'mun et al. (2005) at 120°C, Kadiwala et al. (2010) at 40°C, Aronu et al. (2011) at 40°C, 60°C and 80°C, Dugas and Rochelle (2011) at 40°C, 60°C, 80°C and 100°C, Xu and Rochelle (2011) from 100°C to 150°C, Arshad et al. (2014a) and Arshad et al. (2014b) at 40°C, 80°C and 120°C, Idris et al. (2015) at 40°C and Wanderley et al. (2020) at 40°C, 80°C and 120°C. In this work, the losses of the solvent in the vapor phase because of the operation of the vacuum pump and because of the operating temperature have been included in the calculation of the amount of liquid solvent at the equilibrium. Keywords: co2; data; et al; pressure; solubility; solvent; ° c
• cet-15325 by None (None) - Rome, Italy bDepartment of Computer Engineering, Modeling, Electronics and Systems, University of Calabria, Via P. Bucci, Cubo 44/a Rende, 87036 Arcavacata, Italy cResearch Department, Sense Square Srl, 84084 Salerno, Italy daniele.sofia@unical.it or danielesofia@sensesquare.eu Adverse events such as fires pose a significant threat to air quality in urban areas, with both immediate and long-term impacts on public health and the environment. In many regions, wildfires have become a recurring summer event, leading to devastating impacts on ecosystems, air quality, and human health, as well as significant economic costs related to firefighting efforts and property damage. Keywords: air; data; events; figure; fire; particulate; quality; wildfires
• cet-15601 by None (None) - A threshold value of 85% is requested to label the values as steady state. If the null hypothesis holds, the process is in steady state. Keywords: biogas; data; detection; plant; state; time
• cet-15665 by None (None) - Section 3 delineates the study design, methodology and data collection while Section 4 provides an in-depth analysis of Malaysian ship registration and seafarer employment by evaluating the distribution of Malaysian seafarers across both domestic and foreign ships. This study builds upon the earlier work of Chuah et al. (2021) and specifically investigates the current status of Malaysian-registered ships under existing legislation 235 up to 2023, as well as the deployment patterns of Malaysian seafarers serving on both domestic and foreign- flagged ships. Keywords: chuah; data; growth; malaysia; maritime; registration; seafarers; ship; shipping; study; vessels
• cet-15739 by None (None) - The analysis focuses on municipality-level data across the three counties of the Western Transdanubia region (Győr-Moson-Sopron, Vas, and Zala), examining public lighting electricity consumption, permanent population figures, and per capita electricity demand for public lighting. Therefore, a closer examination of public lighting energy consumption through the lens of spatial equity and infrastructural geography is essential. Keywords: capita; consumption; data; doi; electricity; energy; lighting; losses; pollution
• cet-15743 by None (None) - Figure 1: Conceptual workflow of ALS point cloud upsampling from data acquisition to derived products and decision support (Source: own creation) 93 3. This manuscript examines using point cloud upsampling as part of environmental monitoring. Keywords: als; cloud; data; density; management; methods; models; monitoring; point; resource; scale; sustainability; upsampling
• cet-15744 by None (None) - PC data facilitates the measurement of key ecological indicators such as tree canopy height, vegetation density, and Leaf Area Index (LAI), all of which are critical for the health and functional assessment of urban green infrastructure (Díaz- Varela and González-Ferreiro, 2021). Unaddressed, low-quality PC data might lead to underestimation of canopy cover, misclassification of land cover types, or even failure to detect critical vulnerabilities in urban green infrastructure if it is not properly managed. Keywords: cloud; data; datasets; density; green; infrastructure; management; planning; point; upsampling; urban
• Modeling Vapor Liquid Equilibrium of Binary and Ternary Systems of CO2 + Hydrocarbons at High-Pressure Conditions by Silva, D.C.; Guirardello, R.; Freitas, A.C.D. (2017) - Low deviations, %AAD = 2.33% for PR EoS and %AAD = 3.06% for PT EoS were observed for binary systems in the evaluation of 160 experimental points (EP). 1480 The same behavior observed for binary systems was observed here for the ternary systems too. Keywords: data; eos; liquid; phase; systems; vapor
• Predicting Evaporation Rates from Pools by Mazzarotta, Barbara; Bubbico, Roberto (2016) - Simplified models of evaporation rates from pools In the present section some simplified models for estimating the evaporation rates from pools are very briefly recalled: for all details reference should be done to the respective original papers. The “Yellow Book” (Van den Bosch and Weterings, 2005) gives the following expression of the evaporation flow, based on heat balance and mass transfer equations: DOI: 10.3303/CET1648009 Please cite this article as: Mazzarotta B., Bubbico R., 2016, Predicting evaporation rates from pools, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 48, 49-54 DOI:10.3303/CET1648009 49 ( ) ps ipsv m TR MTP kE ⋅ ⋅ ⋅= (1) where E is the evaporation rate (kg/m2·s), km the mass transfer coefficient (m/s), Pv the vapour pressure of the chemical (Pa), Keywords: data; evaporation; models; rates; velocity; wind
• QSPR Model for Regulatory Purpose: from Development to Integration into the QSAR Toolbox by Fayet, Guillaume; Rotureau, Patricia (2016) - In this context, INERIS developed QSPR models for the prediction of hazardous physico-chemical properties of chemical substances like explosibility of nitro compounds, thermal stability of organic peroxides or flammability of amines. These models were developed according to the five validation principles of QSPR models proposed by OECD for regulatory use. Keywords: chemical; data; descriptors; models; physico; properties; qsar; qspr; validation
• Application of an Improved SVM Algorithm for Wireless Sensor Networks in the Prediction of Air Pollution by Liu, J.F.; Wang, Q.M. (2016) - This paper selects various air quality monitoring sensors, such as semiconductor air quality sensor (TGS2600/TGS260), dust sensor, carbon monoxide sensor (CO-BF), electrochemical sulphur dioxide sensor (SO2-A), and electrochemical NO2 gas sensor (NO2-A1) etc.. 2. Wireless sensor node is responsible for information collection and pre-treatment, and is generally composed of the sensor unit, processing unit, wireless transceiver unit and power management unit. Keywords: air; algorithm; data; pm2.5; prediction; sensor; wireless
• Research on the Strategies Analysis and the Mode of the Enterprise Accounting Informatization Based on Big Data by Li, Z.J. (2016) - In addition, mining and management of enterprise accounting informatization data needs to be conducted and the database of core data needs to be established to acquire richer enterprise development accounting information and achieve the effective management and application of mass data. Moreover, this paper also analyzes the application advantages of enterprise accounting informatization mode under the support of big data combining enterprise accounting informatization and real situation. Keywords: accounting; accounting informatization; data; development; enterprise; enterprise accounting; informatization; support
• The Application of high-dimensional Data Classification by Random Forest based on Hadoop Cloud Computing Platform by Li, C. (2016) - According to the Hadoop cloud computing platform, the parallelization of Random Forest algorithm has been studied. With the parallelization of Random Forest algorithm on Hadoop platform, the computational effciency and classification accuracy of the proposed algorithm are improved. Keywords: classification; data; decision; forest; hadoop; method; platform; set; tree
• Research on Key Technology of Network Intrusion Detection System Based on Improved GA-BPNN Algorithm by Hu, H.F.; He, W.N. (2016) - DOI: 10.3303/CET1651066 Please cite this article as: Hu H.F., He W.N., 2016, Research on key technology of network intrusion detection system based on improved ga- bpnn algorithm, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 51, 391-396 DOI:10.3303/CET1651066 391 Chirag N. Modil et al (2012) apply the Bias classifier and Snort based network intrusion detection system to the cloud environment, and achieve very good classification results. The architecture of intrusion detection system as shown in Figure 1. Keywords: algorithm; data; detection; intrusion; network; neural; tcp
• Application Research on Data Mining and Artificial Intelligence Theory in Short-Term Power Load Forecasting by Wang, H.H. (2016) - In addition, a clear and simple decision rule should have less antecedent combination, namely the number of produced reduction set condition attributes should be as less as possible. If the attribute set Q=AD, A, D of information system S is condition attribute set and decision attribute set, such information system can also be called decision system (or decision table), V=Vq is the union set Vq of all attributes of q value domain, f is the information function specifying the attribute value of each object, namely: f: UQV. 2.2 Relative reduction of attribute For attribute set A, DQ , matrix unit element of relative discernibility matrix is:     Keywords: attribute; data; information; load; network; reduction; set; theory
• cet-4972 by None (None) - The number M of clusters of final ensemble clustering is selected according to the values of Silhouette for different numbers of clusters Ccandidate that span the interval [2,16], where the lower bound (2) is the minimum number of base clusters (see Table 1), whereas the upper bound (16) is the number of the largest combination of the three base clusters (i.e., 2x2x4): the optimum number of clusters C* in the final ensemble clustering is the value at which the Silhouette value is maximized, i.e., C* =6 (star in Figure 4 (left)). Vega-Pons S., Ruiz-Shulcloper J., 2011, A survey of clustering ensemble algorithms, International Journal of Pattern Recognition and Artificial Intelligence, 25(03), 337-372. Keywords: approach; base; clustering; clusters; data; ensemble; matrix; number
• cet-5077 by None (None) - Representative binary and ternary experimental data of phase equilibrium for systems containing components present in biodiesel production were selected to validate the methodology. Rossi C.C.R.S., Cardozo-Filho L., Guirardello R., 2009, Gibbs free energy minimization for the calculation of chemical and phase equilibrium using linear programming, Fluid Phase Equil. Keywords: biodiesel; chemical; data; equilibrium; liquid; phase; systems; work
• cet-5290 by None (None) - In this work we have conducted an assessment of the performance of 3 Advanced Biofilters used for the treatment of odour emissions and removal of VOCs from: a) an Animal Waste Rendering Plant in Hamar, Norway (where an Advanced Biofilter was installed in 2008 that has successfully minimized important odour-related problems) b) a Municipal Waste Water Treatment Plant in Middelfart, Denmark (treating an emission of 1,500m3/h) c) a WWTP sludge Composting Plant in Mallorca, Spain. Thus, several parameters were measured at the inlet and at the outlet of such biofilters: odour concentration was measured by means of dynamic olfactometry in order to determine their odour reduction efficacy. Keywords: advanced; biofilter; data; inlet; odour; outlet; plant
• cet-5296 by None (None) - Tea sample (50 ml) was taken in a Sample Chamber. Figure 3: Flow chart of the statistical correlation algorithm used for Aroma Score Generation of Tea sample under test 4. Keywords: aroma; array; data; hen; nose; quality; sample; section; sensors; tea
• cet-5299 by None (None) - Other odour dispersion models cover a wider geographical range (Yu et al., 2009). 280 Figure 1: Emission rates from the Głuchów agricultural biogas plant The technological alternatives refer to the technological chain units, which are most sensitive to the increase of odour impact: 1) the change of substrates to those having a bigger odour impact; 2) employment of a less airtight technology; 3) technology change, e.g. from wet to dry fermentation. Keywords: data; dispersion; german; impact; odour; planning; poland; procedures; protection; waste; zones
• Environmental and Economic Evaluation of Pre-Disaster Waste Management by Tabata, T.; Wakabayashi, Y.; Peii, T.; Saeki, T. (2017) - 2. Methods 2.1 Concept of a disaster waste management system Figure 1 shows the flow of disaster waste management. The disaster waste management system was defined as follows: an integrated system in which disaster waste management flows from upstream (generation) to downstream (treatment). Keywords: case; cost; data; disaster; environmental; management; storage; waste
• cet-5932 by None (None) - Since specific datasets suited for emergency response models are rare, datasets originally gathered in atmospheric dispersion models are mainly described in this document. This inventory will allow for model- specific guidance regarding an efficient and reliable use of different model tools. Keywords: action; data; dispersion; emergency; evaluation; hazards; modelling; models; rate; response; results; scale; test; tools; type; use
• cet-6260 by None (None) - Immersive virtual maintenance simulation system 3.1 This article introduces a method that use motion capture software (Shape Recorder) and virtual simulation software (DELMIA) to build immersive virtual maintenance simulation system, which not only can help analyze the maintenance data and product, but also allows the users operate the virtual product as like as the actual product. Keywords: cos cos; data; sin cos; sin sin
• cet-6358 by None (None) - The remaining novel method involved Bayesian analysis under restrictions of data availability, and utilizing prior RUL distributions, whether Type I or II. The X is appended with an identity matrix, with ones representing the parameters for which prior distributions exist. Keywords: data; distribution; failure; gpm; prior; rul; test; type
• cet-6359 by None (None) - DOI: 10.3303/CET1333152 Please cite this article as: Vitelli V., Zio E., 2013, Approximate gaussian process regression with sparse functional learning of inducing points for components condition monitoring, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 33, 907-912 DOI: 10.3303/CET1333152 907 Concerning the computational aspects, the training cost for a GP has complexity, where is the number of training data points (Storlie et al., 2009). 908 We, thus, introduce a set of inducing variables , a set of latent variables which correspond to the evaluations of the GP at a set of given locations , also called inducing points. Keywords: data; points; regression; set; time; training; variables
• cet-6362 by None (None) - As for future research, the use of different approaches for better interval representation of wind power data will be explored to further increase the accuracy of the predictions. The results obtained show that NNs are promising for handling interval input data accounting for uncertainties. Keywords: data; input; interval; power; prediction; step; values; wind
• cet-6363 by None (None) - Occurrence: Which is a qualitative mode to measure the failure rate • Detection: Which talks about the ability to detect the failure before it appears on the asset Table 2 RPN by wind turbine system (Arabian-Hoseynabadi, 2010) Order System RPN 1 Rotor and blades assembly 1609 Gray, C.S. & Watson, S.J. 2010, Physics of failure approach to wind turbine condition based maintenance, Wind Energy, vol. 13, no. 5, pp. Keywords: data; energy; failure; maintenance; turbines; wind
• cet-8914 by None (None) - The authors launched an experimental application of the Tuggle method, originally implemented to process noise data belonging to normal distribution, proved by the third step of the proposed method (Table 2). These equipment could improve the quality of noise data, being on board of the operators, and following them during their working tasks, often very difficult to schematize and accurately define. Keywords: approach; data; exposure; information; measures; measuring; noise; test; workers
• cet-9886 by None (None) - Classic Data Reconciliation typically assumes that measurement errors follow the normal distribution. Nac. de la Plata, 1900 La Plata, Argentina msanchez@plapiqui.edu.ar State estimation and detection of measurement systematic errors are critical components of plant monitoring and control procedures. Keywords: case; data; detection; measurement; problem; reconciliation; results

• Research on the Location of the Hazardous Chemical Distribution Center under the Supply Chain Environment by Wang, Xiaolei (2017) - When we consider the safety problem of the location of hazardous chemical distribution center, we should consider other supply chain problems, such as costs and transportation etc. The experimental results show that the evaluation system of this paper has a good effect on the distribution center location of hazardous chemical under the supply chain environment. Keywords: center; chain; chemical; distribution; supply; w w
• Research on Emergency Management Capability Evaluation of Hazardous Chemical Supply Chain by Wang, Lele (2017) - Therefore, taking appropriate measures against hazardous chemical emergencies can prevent the deterioration of the situation in time. Emergency management of hazardous chemical emergency must be timely and effective. Keywords: accident; chain; chemical; emergency; fitness; management; supply
• Research on Hazardous Chemical Road Transportation Route Optimization Based on the New Ant Colony Algorithm by Zheng, Duan (2017) - The research background of transportation and hazardous chemical road transportation are introduced. 2. Accident characteristics of hazardous chemical road transportation Keywords: algorithm; ant; chemical; colony; risk; road; time; transportation
• Research on Risk Early Warning of the Chemical Supply Chain Based on Improved PSO Algorithm by Zhang, Xuqi (2017) - Chemical risk early warning indicator system can reflect all kinds of risks while reflecting the real situation of supply chain risk accurately and sensitively. Figure 4: The result of the output value and the expectations It can be seen from figure 3 that the prediction accuracy of supply chain risk is more than 90% by using the improved PSO algorithm. Keywords: chain; chemical; chemical supply; risk; supply; supply chain; warning
• Assessment of Enterprise Value in Chemical Industry by Using Fuzzy Decision Making Method by He, Shouhui; Li, Xiaodong; Wang, Yan; Liu, Hongda (2017) - It is worth to note that in chemical industry, enterprise value is different to other general enterprises. Enterprise value denotes the value that an enterprise can create, which has been widely applied venture investment, financing, enterprise annexation and so on (Krishna, 2016; Xu, 2014). Keywords: chemical; decision; enterprise; len; similarity; value
• Risk Analysis of Chemical Industry Based on Group Consensus Decision Making Method by Chen, Yehua; Yue, Xiaoyun; Bai, Jing; Liu, Yijian (2017) - Meanwhile, although the existing studies have been focused on risk management of chemical industry, there are still some problems such as a rational method to assess chemical risk. Although the existing studies have been focused on risk management of chemical industry, there are still some problems such as a rational method to assess chemical risk (Zhou, 2016). Keywords: assessment; chemical; decision; group; l(good; method; risk
• Study on the Life-Cycle Engineering Cost Management of Large Chemical Projects by Gu, Yong (2017) - Jiang X.L., 2002, The role of project cost management in local economic and social development, Human Molecular Genetics, 11(26), 3345-3350. Kohl B., Wulke R. J., 2004, Supplementing accounting systems for project cost management, Aace International Transactions, IT31. 1469 Lenior T.M.J., Verhoeven J.H.M., 1990, Implementation of human factors in the management of large-scale industrial investment projects: a management point of view and ergonomics practice, Ergonomics, 33(5), 643-653, DOI: 10.1080/00140139008927175 Liang, 2014, The application of modem cost management in real estate enterprise. Keywords: chemical; costs; cycle; engineering; lcc; life; management; phase; projects; scale
• Empirical Study on the Relationship between Chemical Industry Agglomeration and Regional Economic Growth in Anhui Province by Zhou, Rongrong (2017) - In brief, it is of more realistic significance to clarify how chemical industry agglomeration can play a role in economic development and regional economic disparities for areas with a high-speed economic growth like Anhui Province (Büttner, 2013). DOI: 10.3303/CET1762247 Please cite this article as: Rongrong Zhou, 2017, Empirical study on the relationship between chemical industry agglomeration and regional economic growth in anhui province, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 62, 1477-1482 DOI:10.3303/CET1762247 1477 2. Keywords: agglomeration; chemical; chemical industry; industry; river; yangtze
• Utilizing Tobacco Residues to Generate Bio-oil and Biochar via Ablative Pyrolysis by Chumsawat, Lalita; Tippayawong, Nakorn (2020) - From the existing literature, reported works on physico-chemical properties and lignocelulosic composition of tobacco residues remain scarce. To the authors’ knowledge, no report is yet available on applying ablative pyrolysis to tobacco residues to generate bio-oil and biochar. Keywords: bio; carbon; char; chemical; energy; oil; pyrolysis; residues; tobacco; tobacco residues
• cet-11161 by None (None) - For many years, the Faculty has been carrying out student projects which are supported by the European Social Fund. This was mainly due to a large proportion of the experimental laboratory work done by students, which could reach up to half of all contact hours. Keywords: chemical; engineering; exercises; faculty; laboratory; learning; students; study; work; year
• cet-1162 by None (None) - The flow chart of particle swarm optimization algorithm is as follows. Figure 1: Flow chart of particle swarm optimization algorithm Keywords: algorithm; chemical; distribution; g g; optimization; particle; swarm
• Galvanic Deposition of Hydroxyapatite/chitosan/collagen Coatings on 304 Stainless Steel by Zanca, Claudio; Cordaro, Germana; Capuana, Elisa; Brucato, Valerio; Carfi Pavia, Francesco; La Carrubba, Vincenzo; Ghersi, Giulio; Inguanta, Rosalinda (2021) - Galvanic deposition is an alternative and valid way to fabricate bio-coatings with high biocompatibility and good anticorrosion properties. To deposit HA/CS/CL coating on metallic substrate, galvanic deposition was used that takes advantage by galvanic coupling between stainless steel and zinc, characterized by a different electrochemical redox potential. Keywords: chemical; coatings; corrosion; deposition; galvanic; sbf
• Wettability of Micro and Nanostructured Surface of Titanium Based Electrodes: Influence of Chemical and Electrochemical Etching by Sotgiu, Giovanni; Orsini, Monica; Porcelli, Francesco; De Santis, Serena; Petrucci, Elisabetta (2021) - This work investigates the effect of different surface treatments on the morphological properties, wettability, and electrochemical response of titanium samples, to improve their applicability and performance with particular reference to the biomedical field. References Battocchio, C., Concolato, S., De Santis, S. Fahlman, M., Iucci, G., Santi, M., Sotgiu, G., Orsini, M., 2019, Chitosan functionalization of titanium and Ti6Al4V alloy with chloroacetic T acid as linker agent, Materials Science & Engineering C, 99, 1133-1140 Becke, S., Merz R., Hasse H., Kopnarski, M.,2016, Solvent cleaning and wettability of technical steel and titanium surfaces, Adsorption Science and Technology, 34, 261-274. Keywords: acid; chemical; etching; samples; surface; titanium; wettability
• cet-12240 by None (None) - However, a review of previous work shows that effective inhibition of hydrogen flames is not straightforward. www.me.berkeley.edu/gri_mech/. van Wingerden, K. and Hoorelbeke, P.,2011, On the potential of mitigating vapour cloud explosions using flame inhibitors, 11AIChE - 2011 AIChE Spring Meeting and 7th Global Congress on Process Safety, Conference Proceedings. Keywords: air; chemical; combustion; flame; hydrocarbons; hydrogen; inhibition; inhibitors; particles
• cet-12561 by None (None) - This variation of the operational factor was considered for the techno-economic assessment of flexible natural gas chemical looping combustion power plant. Table 3: Key performance indicators for natural gas CLC power plant (base load operation) Keywords: carrier; chemical; clc; combustion; energy; looping; oxygen; plant; power; storage
• cet-12565 by None (None) - It is estimated that the total volume of plastic waste can be reduced by 78% by 2040 using established technologies if only these options can be deployed optimally (Lau et al., 2020). Optimisation models have thus been proposed in recent literature to aid in managing plastic waste based on reverse supply chain concepts (Chaudhari et al., 2021). Keywords: chemical; contaminant; energy; engineering; plastic; problem; quality; recycling; sink; source; synthesis; waste
• cet-12798 by None (None) - Semiconductor metal sulphides composites have unique physicochemical properties making a widespread potential in applications such as solar cells, drug delivery, sensors, catalysis, and environmental pollution both 1447 air and water (Wang et al., 2014). Transition-metal chalcogenides such as ZnS and CuS have been extensively studied due to their excellent photochemical and luminescent properties (Wang et al., 2016). Keywords: chemical; cus; degradation; irradiation; light; rhodamine; zns
• cet-12802 by None (None) - This approach allows predicting odour impact starting from the characterization of odour emissions at the source. Materials and Methods The proposed methodology includes the study of odour impact through the Lagrangian dispersion modelling system Calpuff. Keywords: assessment; chemical; citizens; complaints; impact; odour; plant; waste
• cet-12881 by None (None) - The main parameter that controls the pyrolysis of plastic materials is the temperature. The problem is that plastic materials are not suitable for heat exchange since they are insulating materials and therefore the process is complex, especially in terms of temperature homogeneity. Keywords: chemical; material; plastic; pyrolysis; recycling; technology; waste
• cet-13129 by None (None) - It is worth noting that cerium oxide reduction can occur without the loss of its fluorite structure, i.e. with the formation of a non-stoichiometric CeO2- phase (Portarapillo et al., 2022). Copper oxide is an interesting candidate for TCES, but suffers from particle sintering/agglomeration at the high process temperature required by the system. Keywords: chemical; copper; cuo; energy; oxidation; oxide; reaction; reduction; samples; storage
• cet-13164 by None (None) - The results indicates that USY zeolite was more effective than zeolite beta due to its higher selectivity to liquid products. 2.2 Catalyst preparation For the synthesis of 1% Pt on USY zeolites, a known amount of the Pt precursor tetraamine platinum (II) chloride hydrate was mixed in water (100 ml) and the USY zeolite was added (10 g). Keywords: 1%pt; beta; catalysts; chemical; facemask; hydrocracking; use; usy; zeolite
• cet-13165 by None (None) - Zhang L., Huang S., Deng W., Yang D., Tang Q., Zhu S., Guo L., 2021, Dichloromethane catalytic combustion over Co3O4 catalysts supported on MFI type zeolites, Microporous and Mesoporous Materials, 312, 110599. 522 370gilbarbarin.pdf Catalytic Oxidation of Vinyl Chloride over SrCO3-Co3O4 Catalysts: Effect of the Sr:Co Molar Ratio Thus, the target of this work focuses on examining cobalt oxide catalysts modified with strontium carbonate synthesized through an optimized preparation method based on the Kirkendall effect aimed at obtaining hollow nanotubes, for the oxidative gas phase removal of trace amounts of vinyl chloride (VC), selected as a model chlorinated compound due to its recalcitrant character and wide industrial application. Keywords: catalysts; chemical; co3o4; molar; oxidation; samples; srco3
• Posharvest Characteristics and Preservation of Pulp of Curuba (Passiflora mollissima) by Marquez Cardozo, C.J.; Arango, J.C.; Osorio, J.A. (2017) - Physical-chemical characteristics for fresh fruit pulp at day six of post-harvest. Pulp conservation treatments. Keywords: characteristics; chemical; colombia; control; curuba; fruit; pulp; treatments
• cet-13520 by None (None) - In general, the HPH treatment had a disruptive effect on the tomato structure, making cellulose isolation more efficient. With respect to tomato pomce an increase in cellulose isolation of about 10 % and 5 % has been achieved for HPH treatment applied on raw material and after alkaline hydrolysis, respectively. Keywords: acid; alkaline; cellulose; chemical; food; hph; hydrolysis; lignin; nanocellulose; treatment
• cet-13729 by None (None) - 140 3.1 Hazardous Phenomenon Figure 2 shows the distribution of HazMaT events by hazardous phenomenon, based on reports published in the ARIA database. Figure 3: Distribution of HazMaT events by period: ARIA database. Keywords: aria; causes; chemical; database; events; hazmat; severity; transportation
• cet-13747 by None (None) - Regarding the production of hydrogen from renewable energy sources, the problem of hydrogen storage arises. There are different mechanisms of hydrogen damage (Figure 1 and Figure 2): • Hydrogen embrittlement (HE) or Hydrogen stress cracking (HSC): it happens when hydrogen and stress are simultaneously present in a susceptible material above a critical value. Keywords: cement; chemical; conditions; elastomers; hydrogen; materials; pressure; service; steel; storage; tests
• cet-13766 by None (None) - DEC degradation has been calculated according to equation 2. However, no data about its interference with DEC degradation was available (Giram et al., 2018). Keywords: acid; chemical; dec; degradation; nacl; presence
• cet-13793 by None (None) - The location of the waste sources as well as the amount of waste material collected are variable over time especially in the construction industry, making the process of locating different elements of the supply chain difficult. Moreover, the composition and the quality of waste is unpredictable, requiring the development of technologies that can handle different grades of waste material. Keywords: chemical; cost; facilities; material; upcycling; waste
• cet-13817 by None (None) - Thus, the need for improvements in laboratories was pointed out, to mitigate or eliminate existing risks, in addition to help foster a strong safety culture, through which laboratory risks can be identified and properly managed by all working in such environments. Likewise, everyone considers it important to participate in laboratory safety training. Keywords: chemical; chemistry; fire; laboratories; laboratory; risk; safety; students; university; work
• cet-14331 by None (None) - With this contribution, the unexplored parameters of ABS foaming were expected to be clarified and expand knowledge about this operation type. • ABS foaming with Expandable Microsphere (EMS) was unsuccessful because of the main difference between the processing temperature of the foaming agent and ABS. Keywords: abs; agent; chemical; foaming; injection; mold; molding; specimens; test
• cet-14385 by None (None) - It can be employed to propose plausible separation sequences (Doherty and Caldarola, 1985). Even though the RCM provides the designer with insightful information, the identification of separation sequences is still a daunting task, as numerous separation alternatives and configurations may be found in the same RCM. Keywords: chemical; design; distillation; energy; engineering; liquid; material; mixtures; separation; units
• cet-14414 by None (None) - Gluszcz P., Zakrzewska K., Wagner-Doebler I., Ledakowicz S., 2008, Bioreduction of ionic mercury from wastewater in a fixed-bed bioreactor with activated carbon, Chemical paper, 62, 232-238, https://doi.org/10.2478/s11696-008-0017-z Gupta S., Bhattacharyya K., 2011, Kinetics of adsorption of metal ions on inorganic materials: a review, Advances in colloid and interface science, 162, 39–58, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cis.2010.12.004 Hadi P., To M., Hui C., Lin C.S.K., Mckay, G., 2015, Aqueous mercury adsorption by activated carbons, Water Research, 73, 37–55. The presence of diverse functional groups in activated carbon (CA) is evident from the distinct bands observed in its spectra when compared with non-activated carbon (CNA). Keywords: activation; adsorbent; adsorption; carbon; chemical; hg2; material; mercury; removal; wastewater
• cet-14460 by None (None) - 3.1 Characterization of adsorbents Morphology of activated biochar samples was analysed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and the obtained images corresponding to APBC-1S and APBC-2S are presented in Figure 1. Thus, the one-step route leaded to biochar samples with higher percentages of carbon, as the total thermochemical treatment was considerable shorter than the one of the 2-step route. Keywords: activation; adsorption; apbc-2s; biochar; chemical; lignocellulosic; step; surface
• cet-14651 by None (None) - Specifically, ML models are implemented to predict safety distances in toxic dispersion scenarios of three substances, namely ammonia, chlorine and ethylene oxide. Future investigation will involve the study of the reduction of the number of input variables, so as to convert ML models in a handy tool for emergency response. Keywords: chemical; database; dispersion; distances; features; models; number; performance; safety; table
• cet-14666 by None (None) - ISBN 979-12-81206-11-3; ISSN 2283-9216 Hydroxylamine vs. Hydrogen Peroxide: a Comparative Study on Storage Stability Giuseppe Andriania, Paolo Mocellina,*, Gianmaria Piob, Ernesto Salzanob, Chiara Vianelloa a Università degli Studi di Padova, Dipartimento di Ingegneria Industriale, Via Marzolo 9, 35131, Padova, Italia b Università di Bologna, Dipartimento di Ingegneria Civile, Chimica, Ambientale e dei Materiali, Via Terracini 28, 40131, Bologna, Italia paolo.mocellin@unipd.it The chemical industry often handles, stores, and processes molecules like hydroxylamine (HA) and hydrogen peroxide (HP), which can easily undergo thermal decomposition reactions. Exothermic thermal decomposition is a typical unpleasant chemical process that must be accounted for when handling unstable materials (Pio et al., 2021). Keywords: chemical; crit; decomposition; equipment; runaway; storage; vessel
• cet-14759 by None (None) - By observing the emission profile, we can detect and measure the presence of sulphur compounds. For this reason, the detection of sulphur compounds, present in low concentrations, in complex real samples and mostly in odorous samples is a challenge. Keywords: chemical; compounds; detector; fid; odour; pfpd; sulphur
• cet-14811 by None (None) - Plastic pyrolysis powered by induction heating at a laboratory scale has an energy saving of 80 % compared to plastic pyrolysis using an electric furnace (Wong et al., 2023). In addition to the driving above forces, the long-term development of plastic pyrolysis technology is also favourable due to the following concepts: (a) a transition to a green chemical industry, where circular carbon feedstocks (including captured CO2, recycled plastics, and sustainable biomass) and renewable electricity replace the roles of fossil fuels as carbon feedstock and energy source for chemicals production (Gabrielli et al., 2023; Lopez et al., 2023); (b) integration of plastic pyrolysis unit in the existing petroleum refinery system, due to the similarity in compositions of plastic pyrolysis products to crude oil and natural gas (Palos et al., 2021). Keywords: catalyst; chemical; cracking; et al; hydrocarbons; liquid; plastic; products; pyrolysis; waste; wong; yields
• cet-14976 by None (None) - Recent developments in rice sensors have yet to be reported in the literature. The heat and moisture generated can contribute to mycotoxin development, mold growth, and fungal and bacterial contamination, which are causes of rice rancidity (Muller et 421 al., 2022). Keywords: chemical; detection; et al; food; hexanal; indicators; methods; quality; rancidity; rice; sensors; storage
• cet-14995 by None (None) - HCl, H2SO4 and H3PO4 activated biochar possess high surface area and porosity, except HNO3 activated biochar. Rostamian R., Heidarpour M., Mousavi S., Afyuni M., 2018, Characterization and Sodium Sorption Capacity of Biochar and Activated Carbon Prepared from Rice Husk. Rostamian R., Heidarpour, M., Mousavi, S.F., Afyuni, M., 2015, Characterization and sodium sorption capacity of biochar and activated carbon prepared from rice husk. Keywords: activation; adsorption; area; biochar; chemical; et al; groups; modification; surface
• cet-15013 by None (None) - Environmental risks i.e. soil and water contamination from spills, emphasize the need for rigorous safety and clean-up measures, highlighting the balance between their utility and the imperative for safety and environmental protection (Kátai-Urbán et al., 2023). Environmental risks Hazardous substances like heavy metals and pesticides alter soil properties, reducing fertility, harming plant growth and aquatic ecosystems. Keywords: cargo; chemical; engineering; environmental; goods; health; management; materials; monitoring; response; safety; transportation
• cet-15086 by None (None) - 3.3 Reduction of Aldrin with biosolids treatment. For the investigation, soil samples were taken from the Carabayllo area, and 2 kg were placed in each container; then, biosolids from the wastewater treatment plant were added in proportions of 10, 20, and 30 %, respectively. Keywords: aldrin; biosolids; chemical; matter; plant; reduction; results; sample; soil; treatment; use; wastewater
• cet-15100 by None (None) - Acute and chronic health impacts are possible outcomes of exposure to n- hexane. (Safe work Australia, 2024) Industrial Safety and Health Act, Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) Regulates the handling of hazardous substances, including n- hexane, requiring employers to implement safety measures and monitor exposure levels. Keywords: chemical; exposure; hazards; health; hexane; industries; potential; risks; safety; workers; workplace
• cet-15321 by None (None) - 423 Table 3: Toxicological indices for of Cyrene and NMP Toxicological indices Unit Cyrene NMP Table 2: Comparison between the physical properties of Cyrene and NMP (SDS stands for Safety DataSheet) Physical property Unit Cyrene NMP Measured at Source Molecular weight [g/mol] 128.13 99.13 (SDS - Cyrene; SDS - NMP) Keywords: absorption; chemical; co2; cyrene; et al; hansen; nmp; solubility; solvent
• cet-15620 by None (None) - Currently, a number of researches have been conducted using durian peel as raw material, for instance, producing organic fertilizer as biochar, using durian peel fiber as a reinforced filler in composite biomaterials (Chua et al., 2023). Notably, lignin was first extracted from durian peel using two methods: Kraft and alkaline pulpings, with yields of 13.21 % and 7.96 %, respectively. Keywords: cellulose; chemical; cm-1; durian; kraft; lignin; peel; ri6
• cet-15713 by None (None) - While the P-graph method has been applied in previous studies to general wastewater treatment by Yenkie et al. (2021) and tannery wastewater by Aboagye et al. (2021), its application to pharmaceutical wastewater treatment remains largely unexplored. Figure 1: Stage wise structure of pharmaceutical wastewater treatment used in this project with its abbreviation. Keywords: bod; chemical; clarifier; cod; cost; graph; pharmaceutical; treatment; tss; wastewater
• Teaching Elective Subjects for Junior Students in Chemical Engineering: A Case for Chemistry and Technology of Coal by Wulandari, W.; Sasongko, D. (2017) - Overview of Chemistry and Technology Coal Course Coal Processing Technology Course (3 credits) has been delivered to Chemical Engineering students since the beginning of 2000s. Conclusions The description and knowledge sharing of learning and teaching Chemistry and Technology of Coal as elective course for Chemical Engineering students in the junior year have been presented in this paper. Keywords: chemical; coal; course; energy; engineering; paper; processing; students; technology
• The Role of Chemical Engineering in Iligan City’s Solid Waste Management Program by Creencia, E.C. (2017) - With this technology, environmental problems regarding waste plastics as well as the foreign oil dependency can be minimised. Singh R.K., Panda A.K., Mishra D.K., 2010, Thermolysis of waste plastics to liquid fuel: a suitable method for plastic waste management and manufacture of value added products: a world prospective, Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 14 (1), 233–248. Keywords: biomass; chemical; city; compost; conveyor; energy; engineering; gasification; iligan; technology; waste
• Methenamine-Smectite Clay as Slow Release Fertiliser: Physicochemical and Kinetics Study by Fatimah, I.; Yudha, S.P.; Rubiyanto, D.; Widodo, I.D. (2017) - From the pattern, it is confirmed that all prepared materials give slow release methenamine as the stable content for all varied materials. 2.2 Methods 2.2.1 Samples preparation Methenamine immobilised montmorillonite at varied methenamine contents (20 mmol/g; 50 mmol/g and 100 mmol/g) was prepared using the intercalation process by employing microwave irradiation method. Keywords: chemical; content; figure; materials; methenamine; release; slow; study
• cet-2764 by None (None) - This paper takes the spatial distribution characteristics of heavy metal chemical pollution in Jiuzhaigou scenic spot as the research object, adopts the methods of literature analysis, field investigation and mathematical statistics, etc., based on the brief introduction of the general situation of Jiuzhaigou scenic spot and the relationship between earthquake and heavy metal pollution, and adopts field survey. (a) Data distribution of powdered soil in Jiuzhaigou scenic area (b) The distribution of clay soil data in Jiuzhaigou scenic spot (c) Sandstone data distribution in Jiuzhaigou scenic area Figure 2: Data distribution of soil clay, grain and sand in Jiuzhaigou scenic area The pH values of soil have a great influence on heavy metal content (Ogunkunle and Fatoba, 2014). Keywords: area; chemical; distribution; jiuzhaigou; metal; metal pollution; pollution; soil; spot
• cet-2775 by None (None) - DOI: 10.3303/CET1866117 Please cite this article as: Zhao Y., Yu G., Li Y., Wang G., 2018, Preparation and performance study of chemical mechanical polishing slurry for new-type aluminium alloy, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 66, 697-702 DOI:10.3303/CET1866117 697 2. Performance evaluation of chemical mechanical polishing slurry 4.1 Effect of slurry on polishing removal rate The effect of pH and abrasive content on the polishing rate was determined by polishing experiments on new type aluminum alloys with different pH and abrasive contents. Keywords: alloy; aluminium; chemical; dispersant; polishing; slurry; surface
• cet-3405 by None (None) - People caught in dust explosions are often either burned by the intense heat within the burning dust cloud, injured by flying objects or falling structures. At that time, all the conditions for dust explosion were present; with the addition of dispersion and confinement. Keywords: board; chemical; dust; equipment; explosion; fire; hazard; investigation; safety; workers
• cet-3408 by None (None) - The results are reported as follows: Material degradation It was already known from past ageing studies that the keywords associated with mechanical degradation can be used easily to filter an accident database for ageing accidents. Meanwhile, current practice in accident analysis does not sufficiently recognise age-related management of change and design failures (e.g., design exceedances) as ageing issues that should be highlighted along with material degradation. Keywords: accidents; ageing; chemical; degradation; equipment; keywords; knowledge; loss; obsolescence; safety
• An Innovative Application of Super-Paramagnetic Iron Oxide Nanoparticles for Magnetic Separation by Banis, G.; Kouli, M.E.; Ferraro, A.; Molino, A.; Karatza, D.; Chianese, S.; Musmarra, D.; Hristoforou, E. (2017) - Among them, nanoparticles possessing magnetic properties offer great advantages due to a characteristic, named superparamagnetism, that makes magnetic nanoparticles attractive for biomedical applications because the risk of forming agglomerates is very low in the absence of magnetic fields. Magnetic nanoparticles are synthesized from a variety of metallic atoms combined eventually with oxygen including iron oxides, such as Fe3O4 and γ-Fe2O3 (Adamaki et al., 2016; DOI: 10.3303/CET1760015 Please cite this article as: Banis G., Kouli M.E., Ferraro A., Molino A., Karatza D., Chianese S., Musmarra D., Hristoforou E., 2017, An innovative application of super-paramagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles for magnetic separation, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 60, 85-90 DOI: 10.3303/CET1760015 85 Metaxa et al., 2016), spinel-type ferromagnets such as MgFe2O4, MnFe2O4, and CoFe2O4, alloys such as CoPt3 and FePt as well as pure metals such as Fe and Co. Keywords: chemical; doi; engineering; field; magnetic; nanoparticles; separation; solution; spions; surface
• A Characteristic Study of Nanocrystalline Cellulose and its Potential in Forming Pickering Emulsion by Foo, M.L.; Tan, K.W.; Wu, T.Y.; Chan, E.S.; Chew, I. (2017) - (Sain and Panthapulakkal, 2006; Sun et al., 2005) 1633 1636 -OH bending of the absorbed water (Mandal and Chakrabarty, 2011) 1504 - aromatic C=C vibration from the aromatic ring of lignin (Sun et al., 2005) 1420 1418 C-H2 bending (Jonoobi et al., 2009) 1366 1364 Bending vibration of C-H and C-O bonds in the polysaccharide aromatic rings. Jonoobi M., Harun J., Mishra M. and Oksman K., 2009, Chemical composition, crystallinity and thermal degradation of bleached and unbleached kenaf bast (Hibiscus cannabinus) pulp and nanofiber, BioResources 4, 626-639. Kalashnikova I., Bizot H., Bertoncini P., Cathala B. and Capron I., 2013, Cellulosic nanorods of various aspect ratios for oil in water Pickering emulsions, Soft Matter 9, 952-959. Keywords: acid; cellulose; chemical; efb; emulsion; hydrolysis; ncc; particles; pickering; size
• Montmorillonite-Supported Fe/Ni Bimetallic Nanoparticles for Removal of Cr(VI) from Wastewater by Lu, H.; Tian, B.; Wang, J.; Hao, H. (2017) - Bhaumik M., Noubactep C., Gupta V.K., McCrindle R.I., Maity A., 2015, Polyaniline/Fe0 composite nanofibers: An excellent adsorbent for the removal of arsenic from aqueous solutions, Chemical Engineering Journal, 271, 135-146, DOI: 10.1016/j.cej.2015.02.079. Bhowmick S., Chakraborty S., Mondal P., Renterghem W.V., Berghe S.V., Roman-Ross G., Chatterjee D., Iglesias M., 2014, Montmorillonite-supported nanoscale zero-valent iron for removal of arsenic from aqueous solution: Kinetics and mechanism, Chemical Engineering Journal, 243, 14-23, DOI: 10.1016/j.cej.2013.12.049. Keywords: chemical; cr(vi; doi; iron; mmt; nanoparticles; nzvi; removal
• cet-5083 by None (None) - Fire and explosion safety in workplaces, buildings and premises is a major concern of European legislation, in particular through the ATEX Directives 1994/9/EC (1994) and 1999/92/EC (1999). Inspect: a new method for fire safety in existing premises. Keywords: assessment; chemical; effects; explosion; fire; hazard; premises; safety; substances; workplace
• cet-5404 by None (None) - The aim of these works was to assess the environmental performance of waste incinerators (Scipioni et al., 2009), compare different incineration technologies (Chen and Christensen, 2010), flue gas cleaning processes (Moller et al., 2011), management options of waste from incineration processes (Margallo et al., 2013), and different energy recovery strategies (Guigliano et al., 2008). Format And Type Fonts CCHHEEMMIICCAALL EENNGGIINNEEEERRIINNGG TTRRAANNSSAACCTTIIOONNSS VOL. 39, 2014 A publication of The Italian Association of Chemical Engineering www.aidic.it/cet Guest Editors: Petar Sabev Varbanov, Jiří Jaromír Klemeš, Peng Yen Liew, Jun Yow Yong Copyright © 2014, AIDIC Servizi S.r.l., ISBN 978-88-95608-30-3; ISSN 2283-9216 DOI: 10.3303/CET1439103 Please cite this article as: Margallo M., Aldaco R., Irabien A., 2014, A case study for environmental impact assessment in the process industry: municipal solid waste incineration (MSWI), Chemical Engineering Transactions, 39, 613-618 DOI:10.3303/CET1439103 613 A Case Study for Environmental Impact Assessment in the Process Industry: Municipal Solid Waste Incineration (MSWI) María Margallo*, Rubén Aldaco, Angel Irabien Departamento de Ingenierías Química y Biomolecular, Universidad de Cantabria, Avda. Keywords: assessment; chemical; cycle; et al; impact; incineration; life; management; waste
• cet-5936 by None (None) - Selection of typical accident scenarios for modeling On the basis of the study of accidents and near misses, which are described in the literature and in the Internet, we have determined typical accident scenarios with reduction of oxygen concentration in the outdoor environment. [ppm] Vulnerability model for carbon dioxide p (t = 1min) p (t = 5 min) p (t = 10 min) 555 The fundamental problems of work in areas with potential reduction of oxygen concentration are the speed of exposure and the impossibility of identification. Keywords: chemical; concentration; consequences; min; oxygen; safety; scenario
• The Study of Microbiological Processes on Microfluidic Chips and Modeling by Batyrgazieva, Diana R.; Khudeev, Illarion I.; Guseva, Elena V.; Menshutina, Natalia V.; Dorokhov, Igor N. (2018) - 2.1 Features of droplet microfluidics The implementation of analytical operations (sample sampling, manipulation and measurement of the informative signal) by droplet microfluidics methods allows to significantly accelerate the analysis of the samples. This range of nonlinear effects of almost five orders of magnitude, can play a decisive role, which mainly explains the difficulties encountered by researchers in creating droplet microfluidics devices. Keywords: boundary; channel; chemical; chip; devices; droplet; drops; flow; methods; microfluidics; modelling; number
• cet-838 by None (None) - Janus particles are distributed at the oil / water interface and the Janus particles are prepared by selective modification of the surface (Hong and Jiang, 2006; Liu et al., 2009; Wang et al., 2011; Wang et al., 2010), which is suitable for larger sized particles. Amongst, Janus particles and multihollow polymer particles have received considerable attention over the last decade. Keywords: chemical; emulsion; hollow; janus; materials; microspheres; nanoparticles; particles; polymer; surface
• Chemical Oxygen Demand of Oily Wastewater Treatment by Ti/CeO2 by Zheng, Zhong; Zhao, Yunsheng; Zhang, Jindong; Du, Jianhua (2018) - They show that the major diffraction peaks of XRD characterizations of TiO2 film prepared by anodizing-laser forging are stronger than those of Ruiqin Mine TiO2. In this experiment, the surface electron transfer resistance Retis measured according to the Nyquistmap of Ti / TiO2 electrodes scanned by CHI660A workstation to conduct a preliminary study on the photocatalytic performance of TiO2 film. Keywords: anode; ceo2; chemical; doi; electrode; surface; tio2; treatment; wastewater
• Preparation, Properties and Application of Polyaniline Nanocomposites by Li, Xin (2018) - ISBN 978-88-95608-68-6; ISSN 2283-9216 Preparation, Properties and Application of Polyaniline Nanocomposites Xin Li Department of Materials Engineering,Inner Mongolia Vocational College of Chemical Engineering, Inner Mongolia 010010,China xinli29001@126.com Based on the design of polyaniline structure, two different types of magnetic nanoparticles/polyaniline composites with electromagnetic absorption properties are prepared using the mechanical blending method based on protonic acid doping. Polyaniline is facilitated by the conversion of functional material phase structural materials, which has a new definition of the range of applications of polyaniline materials. Keywords: chemical; fe3o4; fept; method; nanoparticles; pani; polyaniline; preparation; properties; structure

• Optimization of Hydrogen Supply Chain: A Case Study in Malaysia by Mah, Angel Xin Yee; Ho, Wai Shin; Hassim, Mimi H. ; Hashim, Haslenda; Liew, Peng Yen; Asli, Umi Aisah; Ab Muis, Zarina; Ling, Gabriel Hoh Teck (2020) - i at electrolysis plant e in district g, ECapmin ei is the minimum capacity of electrolysis plant e producing hydrogen form i, ECapmax ei is maximum capacity of electrolysis plant e producing hydrogen form i and NEeig is the number of electrolysis plant e producing hydrogen form i in district g. 87 Eq(16) and (17) indicate that the capacity of inverter is dependent on the amount electricity from PV panel or fuel cell, whichever is greater. [∑ (∑ 𝑈𝑃𝐶𝑝𝑖𝑃𝑅𝑝𝑖𝑔 + ∑ 𝑈𝑆𝐶𝑠𝑖𝑆𝐼𝑠𝑖𝑔𝑠 + ∑ 𝑈𝐸𝐶𝑒𝑖𝑃𝐸𝑒𝑖𝑔𝑒𝑝 ) + 𝑃𝑉𝑔 𝐴 𝑃𝑉𝐸𝐹𝐹𝑃𝑉𝑈𝐶 + 𝐹𝐶𝑔 𝐶𝐴𝑃 𝐹𝐶𝑈𝐶𝑖 ]𝑔 (21) where TDC is total daily cost, FCC is facility capital cost, TCC is transportation capital cost, FOC is facility operating cost, TOC is transportation operating cost, α is network operating period, CCF is capital change factor, PCCpi is capital cost of production technology p producing hydrogen form i, SCCsi is capital cost of storage unit s for hydrogen form i, ECCei is capital cost of electrolysis plant e producing hydrogen form i, PVCC is unit capital cost of PV system, FCCC is unit capital cost of fuel cell, INVCC is unit capital cost of inverter, UPCpi is unit production cost of production plant p producing hydrogen form Keywords: cost; district; electricity; energy; form; fuel; hydrogen; hydrogen form; transportation
• cet-12207 by None (None) - Mixture CH4 In this light, the characterization of the effect of fuel composition on the overall reactivity and safety parameters represents an essential step for the diffusion of this technology (Eckart et al., 2017). Keywords: ch4; co2; flammability; fuel; hydrogen; lfl; mix; mixtures; ufl
• cet-12219 by None (None) - Accepted: 1 May 2022 Please cite this article as: van Wingerden K., Kluge M., Habib A.K., Ustolin F., Paltrinieri N., 2022, Medium-scale tests to investigate the possibility and effects of BLEVEs of storage vessels containing liquified hydrogen, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 90, 547-552 DOI:10.3303/CET2290092 CHEMICAL ENGINEERING TRANSACTIONS VOL. Rigas F., Sklavounos S., 2005, Evaluation of hazards associated with hydrogen storage facilities, International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 30, 1501 – 1510 Ustolin F., Song G., Paltrinieri N., 2019, The Influence of H2 Safety Research on Relevant Risk Assessment, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 74, 1393-1398 Ustolin F., Paltrinieri N., Landucci G., 2020, An innovative and comprehensive approach for the consequence analysis of liquid hydrogen vessel explosions, Journal of Loss Prevention in the Process Industries, 68, 104323. 552 lp-2022-abstract-002.pdf Medium-scale Tests to Investigate the Possibility and Effects of BLEVEs of Storage Vessels Containing Liquified Hydrogen Keywords: bleve; fire; hydrogen; pressure; storage; test; vessel
• cet-12231 by None (None) - Revised: 17 March 2022; Accepted: 4 May 2022 Please cite this article as: Hansen O.R., Hansen E.S., 2022, CFD-modelling of large scale LH2 release experiments, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 90, 619-624 DOI:10.3303/CET2290104 CHEMICAL ENGINEERING TRANSACTIONS VOL. 90, 2022 A publication of The Italian Association of Chemical Engineering Online at www.cetjournal.it Guest Editors: Aleš Bernatík, Bruno Fabiano Copyright © 2022, AIDIC Servizi S.r.l. Simulation of outdoor LH2 release experiments Seven different experiments were performed as part of the outdoor LH2 release experiments, three of the tests had a character of preparatory tests or final test with the aim to empty tanks, while tests 3 to 6 were near identical repeats of two different scenarios. Keywords: experiments; hydrogen; lh2; release; test; wind
• cet-12891 by None (None) - This augmentation in corrosion rate has been linked to the permeability of hydrogen through the wall thickness of alloys, which enhanced mass transfer processes (Chandra et al., 2014; Huenert et al., 2010; Reisert et al., 2021). In the case of the H2S side, the highest concentration and therefore corrosion rate is located at the origin of the x-axis in Figure 3. Keywords: corrosion; dual; environment; figure; h2s; hydrogen; rate; steel
• cet-13058 by None (None) - Data required for the determination of the damage factor for hydrogen embrittlement Required data Specific information Comments Environmental severity Hydrogen partial pressure Determine the operating pressure and the pressure during start-up, shutdown, and upset conditions Temperature Determine the operating temperature, and the temperature during start-up, shutdown, and upset conditions Materials susceptibility Microstructure, composition, strength Determine what kind of alloy or steel was used to fabricate the component Welds Determine if post-weld heat treatments (PWHT) were performed Component’s history Time since the last inspection Use inspection history to determine the time since the last HE inspection Inspection effectiveness category Determine the effectiveness category for the inspection that has been performed on the component Number of inspections Determine the number of inspections in each effectiveness category that have been performed on the component On-line monitoring Hydrogen probes and/or process variable monitoring Determine the type of proactive monitoring methods employed The following procedure may be used to calculate the damage factor for HE: 167 • STEP 1 – Determine the environmental severity (i.e., the potential level of hydrogen uptake) based on hydrogen partial pressure and temperature, using Table 2 (San Marchi and Somerday, 2012). Hydrogen embrittlement (HE) is the main active degrading mechanism in equipment exposed to hydrogenated environments; if not appropriately accounted for, it can cause failures at unexpectedly low stress levels. Keywords: api; damage; embrittlement; factor; hydrogen; inspection; material; methodology; risk
• cet-13104 by None (None) - Figure 1: Flowchart of the methodology used for the safety assessment of hydrogen storage vessels for hydrogen-powered buses The first step is the definition of the Storage Unit (SU) and consists into the determination of the volume, the hydrogen mass inventory and the operating conditions (i.e. temperature and pressure) of the storage tank. Cryo-compressed tanks are designed to 151 operate at high pressures and low temperatures and are suitable for both liquid and gaseous hydrogen storage. Keywords: damage; distances; fire; hydrogen; liquid; loc; set; storage
• Developing a New Technology for the Two Phase Methane Fermentation Sludge Recirculation Process by Kuribayashi, M.; Tojo, S.; Chosa, T.; Murayama, T.; Sasaki, K.; Kotaka, H. (2017) - Hydrogen fermentation sludge contains much VFAs and secondary treatment such as methane fermentation is usually necessary. 476 2.5 Hydrogen fermentation sludge analysis The pH of hydrogen fermentation sludge was measured by a pH meter (TOADKK, HM-21P). Keywords: 0.5mpa; acid; fermentation; hcw; hydrogen; sludge; treatment
• cet-13746 by None (None) - The focus is on mitigation and prevention of hazards from blast wave and fireball following hydrogen tank rupture in a fire. The correlation was then validated against the unique experiments on the blast wave decay after hydrogen tank rupture in a real tunnel performed by CEA (Kudriakov et al., 2022) as shown in Figure 2b. Keywords: fire; hrr; hydrogen; rupture; safety; tank; tprd; tunnel; vehicles
• cet-14466 by None (None) - Most of the existing studies on hydrogen production from biomass are focused on gasification, while only a notable few studies are related to hydrogen production from biomass pyrolysis. The formation of phenols can be related to the interaction of moisture/steam with aromatics produced during biomass pyrolysis (Mukarakate et al., 2015). Keywords: biomass; hydrogen; microwave; oil; pyrolysis
• cet-14684 by None (None) - 3.1 Causal Loop Diagram for analysing the adoption of hydrogen storage technologies (Stage 1) Figure 1: CLD for analysing the adoption of hydrogen storage technologies 386 Table 1: Feedback loops for building the CLD by analysing the adoption of hydrogen storage technologies No. Feedback loop Loop description 01 Cost-driven adoption loop Keywords: adoption; energy; hydrogen; risk; safety; storage; systems; technologies
• cet-14696 by None (None) - Pressure safety system (PSVs, rupture disks and vent stack) 461 This event models the successful operation of the pressure safety system (PSVs, rupture disks or vent stack) in the event of a continuing pressure rise beyond and above the nominal set points. Trailer tank Insulation failure or vacuum loss (IE-1) Keywords: containment; events; hydrogen; lh2; pressure; safety; tank; trailer
• cet-14702 by None (None) - Indeed, an inherent safety footprint quantification is introduced to summarise the overall hazard level of ship power systems. van Biert L., Godjevac M., Visser K., Aravind P. V., 2016, A review of fuel cell systems for maritime applications, Journal of Power Sources, 327, 345–364. Keywords: fuel; hydrogen; liquid; pemfc; power; pss; reference; safety; ship; storage; systems
• cet-14966 by None (None) - The model outputs include: (1) the economic potential that can be generated based on the implementation of the considered technological solutions; (2) the total deployment of renewable infrastructure, which can be attained based on the conventional mitigation framework incorporating bitcoin mining operations and green hydrogen production; (3) The total deployment of carbon capture capacity can be attained based on the negative mitigation framework incorporating bitcoin mining operations and green hydrogen power supply. This approach involves using grid electricity alongside green hydrogen power for crypto mining, directing the economic potential toward improving carbon offsetting capabilities through technologies such as Direct Air Capture (DAC). Keywords: bitcoin; capacity; energy; hydrogen; mining; mitigation; potential; power; states
• cet-14984 by None (None) - Figure 4: The stable adsorption site of the adsorbates on the CeO2(111), Ru(111) and Ru SAC surfaces; Teal blue, white, red, cream white balls, and blue represent Ru, H, O, Ce, and N atoms. Furthermore, it is observed 472 that N binds more strongly to the face of the respective catalysts than all other adsorbates, with adsorption energies of -4.72 eV, -5.87 eV, and -4.65 eV on the CeO2(111), pristine Ru, and Ru SAC surfaces. Keywords: adsorption; catalyst; ceo2(111; decomposition; energy; hydrogen; nh3; pristine; sac; surface
• cet-15055 by None (None) - The roundtrip efficiency of hydrogen storage based on electrolysis and fuel cell systems is generally around 40 % (Headley and Schoenung, 2022), meaning that approximately 40 % of the energy used to produce hydrogen with electricity can be turned back into electricity. Green ammonia can improve onboard hydrogen storage and supply efficiency. Keywords: capacity; efficiency; electricity; energy; figure; hydrogen; power; storage
• cet-15292 by None (None) - 𝑂𝐻− → 𝐻+ + 𝑂2−; 𝐻+ + 𝑂𝐻− ⟷ 𝐻2𝑂 Vahiddin et al (2022) reported that grinding time does not necessarily cause a reduction in sample particle size, but it does reduce the specific surface area and turns it into an amorphous material (Vahiddin et al., 2022). al, 2008, H. Cheng et al., 2012, E. Gasparini et al., 2013). 𝐴𝑙2𝑆𝑖2𝑂5(𝑂𝐻)4 → 𝐴𝑙2𝑂3 ∙ 2 𝑆𝑖𝑂2 + 2 𝐻2𝑂 Keywords: activation; alkaline; catalyst; figure; hydrogen; kaolin; reaction; steam; vol
• cet-15345 by None (None) - Dynamic simulation of the export terminal As boil-off gas generation during liquid hydrogen storage and carrier loading operations varies over time, a dynamic simulation is required for its analysis. Shet S.P., Priya S.S., Sudhakar K., Tahir M., 2021, A review on current trends in potential use of metal-organic framework for hydrogen storage, International Journal of Hydrogen Energy 46, 11782-11803. Keywords: bog; export; flow; hydrogen; lh2; liquid; loading; mode; onshore; pressure; rate; storage; tank; terminal
• cet-15358 by None (None) - Among various fuel cell types, solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) are distinguished by their high operating temperatures, which enable direct reforming of hydrocarbon-based fuels like methanol and natural gas. References Bendaikha-Touafek W., Touafek K., Serir L., 2007, Operation of a total energy system based on SOFC fuel cell, Proceedings of the 2IWH, Ghardaïa, Algeria. Keywords: aew; bar; cell; efficiency; energy; fuel; hydrogen; power; sofc
• cet-15608 by None (None) - Application of semi-quantitative AtEx risk assessment to the case study Figure 3: Example of semi-quantitative AtEx risk assessment worksheet This worksheet exemplifies the output derived from a semi-quantitative ATEX risk assessment methodology, based on the risk matrix (LxC), where L denotes the likelihood and C represents the consequence, as reported in Gritti et al., 2023. Table 3: Necessary risk reduction as a function of the initial and the target zone with the use of PCE system Zone Required reliability of the PCE system Initial Target 0 1 SIL 1 0 2 SIL 2 0 nEx SIL 3 Ventilation is a fundamental parameter in AtEx risk assessments for gases, with its significance being particularly pronounced in the case of hydrogen. Keywords: assessment; atex; explosion; hydrogen; ignition; risk; safety; ventilation; zone
• cet-15674 by None (None) - The shared electrons are trapped between the two atoms, providing a strong electrostatic attraction (Liu et al., 2023). RuO2 has higher activity than IrO2, but RuO2 is less stable than IrO2 (Lin et al., 2019). Keywords: activity; energy; foam; hydrogen; nickel; niznse; oxygen; ratio; reaction
• cet-15688 by None (None) - This process can be adapted to utilize carbon dioxide for the direct production of formaldehyde. Possible methods for utilizing carbon dioxide include the production of fuels (LeClerc et al., 2024) and valuable chemicals (Banerjee et al., 2016). Keywords: carbon; dioxide; formaldehyde; hydrogen; samples; silica; sio2
• Kinetic Based Simulation of Methane Steam Reforming and Water Gas Shift for Hydrogen Production Using Aspen Plus by Amran, U.I.; Ahmad, A.; Othman, M.R. (2017) - After that, hydrogen flow rate started to become constant. Figure 4 (c) shows the effect of pressure on hydrogen flow rate. Keywords: carbon; hydrogen; methane; msr; rate; reaction; reactor; steam; wgs
• cet-2121 by None (None) - It is also observed that the methane conversion decreased over time which is due to the deposition of carbon produced as a by-product during the methane cracking reaction, resulting in the blockage of active sites and reduction in catalyst surface area (Abbas and Wan Daud, 2010, Sy et al., 2012, Choudhary et al., 2001). The second type of Ni particles formed was smaller in size (50 to 100 nm) and corresponded to the elemental Ni particle. Keywords: al2o3; alumina; catalysts; hydrogen; methane; support
• Fabrication and Characterization of Nanostructured Ni and Pd Electrodes for Hydrogen Evolution Reaction (HER) in Water- Alkaline Electrolyzer by Ganci, F.; Inguanta, R.; Piazza, S.; Sunseri, C.; Lombardo, S. (2017) - Conclusions In this work, we presented a simple method for fabricating nanostructured Ni electrodes based on electrodeposition inside the channels of a polycarbonate membrane acting as a template. Experimental For nanostructured Ni electrodes fabrication, commercial porous polycarbonate membrane (PCM - Whatman, Cyclopore, thickness 20 μm) has been used as a template. Keywords: electrodes; energy; hydrogen; nanoparticles; nws
• Analysis of Unbalanced Pressure PEM Electrolyzer for High Pressure Hydrogen Production by Saebea, D.; Patcharavorachot, Y.; Hacker, V.; Assabumrungrat, S.; Arpornwichanop, A.; Authayanun, S. (2017) - In this work, the PEM electrolyzer system to produce high pressure hydrogen with consideration of hydrogen permeation is theoretically investigated. The unbalanced pressure between the anode (2 bar) and cathode (10-100 bar) are applied to produce high hydrogen pressure and the effect of a hydrogen permeation is taken into account. Keywords: anode; cathode; density; electrolysis; electrolyzer; engineering; hydrogen; membrane; pem; pressure
• cet-5718 by None (None) - The mass and energy balances resulted from simulation are then used to assess the main techno-economic and environmental indicators of the evaluated cases, like plant energy efficiency, ancillary power consumption, carbon capture energy and cost penalty, specific CO2 emissions, capital costs, specific capital investment per kW, operation and maintenance (O&M) costs, cost of electricity, CO2 removal and avoidance costs, cash flow analysis. Oxygen purity: 95 % O2; Power consumption: 225 kWh/t O2 Water gas shift (WGS) Sour shift; 3 catalytic beds; Steam/CO ratio: 2.5; CO conversion: >95 % Acid Gas Removal (AGR) Selexol®-based gas-liquid absorption - desorption cycle CO2 drying and compression Delivery pressure: 120 bar; Drying solvent: TEG Gas turbine Type: M701G2 (MHI); Net power output: 334 MW; 39.5 % efficiency Steam cycle Steam pressure: 120 bar / 34 bar / 3 bar Condenser pressure 50 mbar Cooling water temperature 15 oC Heat exchanger ∆Tmin. 10 oC HX pressure drop (∆P) 2 - 5 % 3. Results and discussions Evaluated IGCC power plant cases with CCS were modelled and simulated using ChemCAD. Keywords: capture; carbon; case; co2; coal; costs; energy; gasification; hydrogen; plant; power
• cet-6894 by None (None) - The flame acceleration associated with the regime transition increases the rate of pressure rise (Di Sarli et al., 2009a; 2009b). In a more recent work (Di Sarli et al., 2012c), we used time-resolved Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) to study transient interactions between hydrogen-methane/air premixed flames and simple toroidal vortex structures generated, in a controlled manner, at the wake of a circular orifice. Keywords: flame; hydrogen; methane; sarli; vortex; xh2
• Production of Hydrogen Rich Products from Mixture of Polyolefin and PET over Different Modified ZSM-5 Catalysts by Al-asadi, Mohammed; Gombor, Linda; Miskolczi, Norbert (2018) - Pyrolysis oil contains high content of aromatic compounds, which was caused by the structure of PET waste and isomerization effect of ZSM-5 catalyst. The goal of this work was the investigation of the pyrolysis of 50%/50% polyolefin and polyethylene terephthalate waste plastics at 700°C temperature in tubular furnace using different active metals supported by ZSM-5 catalyst, focusing on the effect of catalysts type and Si/Al ratio on the pyrolysis process. Keywords: al ratio; catalysts; hydrogen; pyrolysis; ratio; waste
• The Role of Solvent and Catalysts on Co-Liquefaction of Coal and Waste by Pinto, Filomena; Paradela, Filipe; Costa, Paula; Andre, Rui; Rodrigues, Tiago; Snape, Colin; Herrador, Jose M. Hidalgo; Fratczak, Jakub (2018) - The use of plastics, namely polyethylene (PE) favoured coal liquefaction, as PE macromolecules are easier to break down and to form smaller liquid molecules than coal. There is much information about coal liquefaction. Keywords: coal; figure; hydrogen; liquefaction; liquid; solvent; tetralin; yields
• cet-8912 by None (None) - More specifically, the study reveals that a proper electric insulation of the surface of battery terminals represents a sensible mitigation strategy to reduce the severity of explosions in addition to the ventilation of the battery room. The flowrate of hydrogen released from each battery module was quantitatively assessed in both an unprotected scenario and in a mitigated scenario, in which battery terminals are protected with insulation. Keywords: battery; current; electrolysis; hydrogen; module; room; scenario; seawater; terminal

• Some Key Considerations when Evaluating Explosion Severity of Nanopowders by Santandrea, Audrey; Vignes, Alexis; Krietsch, Arne; Perrin, Laurent; Laurent, Andre; Dufaud, Olivier (2019) - 3.3 Water to fire The influence of water on dust explosions, although often not well developed by current standards, can be important. Zhen G. and Leuckel W., 1997, Effects of ignitors and turbulence on dust explosions, Journal of Loss Prevention in the Process Industries, Volume 10, Issues 5-6, 317-324. b) a) 240 Keywords: carbon; dust; explosion; ignition; injection; nanopowders; nozzle; time
• Experimental Study on the Transformation of Biomass and Coal Under Different Atmospheric Conditions by Su, Guiqiu (2017) - Due to low ash content and sulphur content, high volatile content and high fixed carbon responsiveness, biomass’s synergistic effect with coal gasification can increase the value of products. Compared the single product of coal gasification, and the mixture of rice straw and coal gasification, the results showed that the mixture in the gasification of carbon conversion, and the gas volume fraction of combustible components were higher than those of single coal gasification, the volume fraction of CO in the gas under the volume fraction of single coal gasification CO. Keywords: biomass; carbon; coal; coke; gasification; gasification reaction; pressure; rate; reaction; reaction rate
• Carbon Grain Supported Nano-Sized Au for Low Temperature Removal of VOCs in Humid Condition: Effect of Catalyst’s Synthesis Conditions by Trung, Bien Cong; An, Ngo Thanh; Long, Nguyen Quang (2020) - For the above reasons and for development of a ready-to-use catalyst, this study has focused on i) utilization of granular carbon (GC) as support in the synthesis of nano Au catalyst by a metal-sol method; ii) investigation of the VOCs removal at low temperatures using the nano Au catalysts under high humid condition; iii) synergetic effect between adsorption and catalytic oxidation and iv) catalyst stability evaluation with/without water vapor. Because Au nanoparticles may have oxidative activity when Au nanoparticle size is less than 10 nm (Haruta et al., 1989). Keywords: carbon; gc-4; nano; oxidation; removal; size; toluene
• cet-10848 by None (None) - Before astaxanthin extraction, HPR microalgae was mechanically pre-treated by Retsch PM200 planetary ball mill at 400 rpm for 5 minutes to enhance astaxanthin extraction yield. Extraction processes has been abundantly studied for astaxanthin from Haematococcus pluvialis by testing different technologies such as extraction by using organic solvent as ethanol, acetone, hexane and chloroform and methanol mixture (1:1 v/v)(Molino et al., 2018a) or by new unexplored solvent as butanol, cyclohexane, ethyl acetate (Samori et al., 2019), extraction by supercritical fluids by using CO2 (Sanzo et al., 2018), acid pre-treatment and homogenization (Kang et al., 2008) with the aim of improving extraction astaxanthin yield. Keywords: adsorption; astaxanthin; carbon; extraction; microalgae; molino
• Performance of Carbon Nanosheet Electrode from Aquatic Wood Waste in Supercapacitor by Sri, Haryati; Bustan, Djoni; Syarif, Nirwan; Lee, Chew Tin (2021) - Novel supercapacitors were fabricated using carbon nanosheet electrode. There is only a slight decrease in the first cycle, as shown by the increased slope of 20 % CaCO3 of supercapacitor. Keywords: caco3; capacitance; carbon; charging; cycle; discharging; electrolyte; rate; supercapacitor
• Gelam Tree-Derived Carbon Nanosheets as Thick and Free-Standing Electrode for Supercapacitor by Syarif, Nirwan ; Rohendi, Dedi; Sri, Haryati; Lee, Chew Tin; Wong, Wai Yin; Sudarsono, Wulandhari ; Sumboja, Afriyanti (2021) - 3. Result and discussion 3.1 Material characterization Two types of carbon nanosheet -based electrodes were prepared in this study by varying the weight ratio of carbon nanosheet to graphite in the electrode (ratio 3:7 and 7:3). Sumboja A., Tefashe U.M., Wittstock G., Lee P.S., 2012, Monitoring electroactive ions at manganese dioxide pseudocapacitive electrodes with scanning electrochemical microscope for supercapacitor electrodes, Journal of Power Sources, 207, 205–211. Keywords: ammonium; capacitance; carbon; carbon nanosheet; cyanate; electrode; electrolyte; graphite; nanosheet; ratio
• cet-12572 by None (None) - Figure 1: Methodology flowchart for game theory approach for P2P energy trading energy planning 4. Figure 2: (a) Schematic diagram of cooperative P2P energy trading model between players; (b) Daily energy usage of three players 94 Table 1: Cost factor for each time interval (Tenaga Nasional Berhad-Enhanced Time of Use (TOU) Tariff Scheme, 2014) Keywords: carbon; coalition; electricity; energy; game; p2p; players; renewables
• cet-12760 by None (None) - Table 2 and Table 3 includes raw (Ck, ∑ FDt,jj , FNPt,b, ∆Ck), process (FXt,i, FTR,k, ∆FTR,k, FAR,k, FAlt,k) and result (FNt,k, δt(k), εt(k)) data for each of two periods (t1 and t2) of low carbon energy planning. The results show that multi- period low-carbon energy planning can achieve better deployment of resources and technologies and reduce the pressure to reduce carbon emissions in the early stages of planning. Keywords: approach; carbon; cascade; ccs; emission; energy; nets; period; planning; pwh; table
• cet-12786 by None (None) - The results obtained from the study showed that waste tire activated carbon could effectively remove Pb2+ from aqueous solution far better than waste tire pyrolytic char. The thermodynamic parameters also showed decreased randomness at the solid/liquid interface during the adsorption of lead ions onto waste tire activated carbon. Keywords: adsorption; carbon; ions; lead; tire; waste; wtac; wtpc
• cet-12803 by None (None) - Active carbon filters operate best under relative humidity’s below 65 % (Gong and Keener, 1993). The carbon set-ups needed to have 7.29 l of active carbon, which was mounted in a PVC column with an inner diameter of 185 mm and a height of 270 mm. Keywords: air; carbon; coal; efficiency; removal; set
• cet-12841 by None (None) - ISBN 978-88-95608-94-5; ISSN 2283-9216 Use of Vegetable Raw Materials as Electrode Materials for Li- Ion Batteries Meruyert Nazhipkyzya,b,c*, Dana Assylkhanovaa,b, Anar Maltaya,b, Balaussa Dinistanovaa,b, Gulmira Tureshovab, Almagul Issanbekovaa,b, Zhanar Kudyarovab a Institute of Combustion Problems, 172 Bogenbai Batyr str., 050012, Almaty, Kazakhstan bAl-Farabi Kazakh National University, 71 Al-Farabi avenue, 050038, Almaty, Kazakhstan cSatbayev University, 22 Satpaev Street, 050000, Almaty, Kazakhstan meruert82@mail.ru Kazakhstan possesses a large scale of cereal crops, bulrush, seeded fruits, grasslands and forests which are significant renewable resources for carbon materials. Carbon materials based on RH, AS has lowest specific capacity in comparison with WSh. Keywords: anode; batteries; biomass; capacity; carbon; energy; husk; ion; lithium; materials; rice; shell; walnut
• cet-12856 by None (None) - This unutilized carbon dioxide can be utilized for greenhouse crop production or sold as feed for the algae production facility Jongerius Ecoduna (Jongerius Ecoduna, 2022), located 400 meters from the biogas upgrading facility. Fast calculation The number of available sun hours per month, shown in Table 1, is utilized to calculate the number of hours in which CO2 can be utilized for greenhouse crop production by multiplying the daily daylight hours by the days in every month. Keywords: biogas; carbon; co2; crop; dioxide; greenhouse; rate
• cet-12861 by None (None) - Chen, F.-F., et al., Characteristic and model of phosphate adsorption by activated carbon electrodes in capacitive deionization. Carbons obtained from the pyrolysis were used to prepare electrodes and these electrodes were characterized using a number of experimental techniques. Keywords: adsorption; capacity; carbon; electrodes; experiments; nitrate
• cet-12862 by None (None) - d’Amore F., Mocellin P., Vianello C., Maschio G., Bezzo F., 2018, Economic optimisation of European supply chains for CO2 capture, transport and sequestration, including societal risk analysis and risk mitigation measures, Applied Energy, 223, 401-415. Kalyanarengan Ravi N., van Sint Annaland M., Fransoo J.C., Grievink J., Zondervan E., 2017, Development and implementation of supply chain optimization framework for CO2 capture and storage in the Netherlands, Computers and Chemical Engineering, 102, 40–51. Keywords: capture; carbon; case; ccs; co2; cost; risk; sequestration
• cet-13126 by None (None) - He L., Du P., Chen Y., Lu H., Cheng X., Chang B., Wang, Z. 2017, Advances in microbial fuel cells for wastewater treatment, Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 71, 388-403. Elsevier, Matsena M. T., Tichapondwa S. M. & Chirwa E. M., 2020, Synthesis of Biogenic Palladium Nanoparticles Using Citrobacter sp. for Application as Anode Electrocatalyst in a Microbial Fuel Cell, Catalysts, 10, 838, https://doi.org/10.3390/catal10080838 Miran W., Jang J., Nawaz M., Shahzad A., Lee D. S., 2018, Sulfate-reducing mixed communities with the ability to generate bioelectricity and degrade textile diazo dye in microbial fuel cells, Journal of Hazardous Materials, 352, 70-79. Keywords: biogenic; carbon; cathode; cell; density; figure; fuel; mfc; pd(0
• cet-13177 by None (None) - 𝐶𝑆 = (𝑞𝑆𝑜𝑥,𝑎𝑛 + 𝑞𝑚) �̅�(𝑡) + 𝑇𝐶𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑋 ̅̅ ̅̅ ̅̅ ̅̅ (𝑡) + 𝐶𝐶𝑃𝑅 ∙ 𝐶𝑃𝑅𝑋 ̅̅ ̅̅ ̅̅ ̅(𝑡) 𝐶𝑆 ∙ �̅�(𝑡) , (15) where the summand relating to the total carbon content in off-gas and solutes turns into 𝑇𝐶𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑋 ̅̅ ̅̅ ̅̅ ̅̅ (𝑡) + 𝐶𝐶𝑃𝑅 ∙ 𝐶𝑃𝑅𝑋 ̅̅ ̅̅ ̅̅ ̅(𝑡) 𝐶𝑆 ∙ �̅�(𝑡) = 𝑇𝐶𝑠𝑜𝑙(𝑡) 𝑋(𝑡) ∙ ∆𝑡 ∙ ∆𝑋𝐺 ∆𝑡 ∙ 1 𝑋(𝑡) ∙ 𝐶𝑆 + 𝐶𝐶𝑃𝑅 ∙ ∫ 𝐶𝑃𝑅(𝑡∗) ∙ 𝑑𝑡∗𝑡 𝑡0 𝑋(𝑡) ∙ ∆𝑡 ∙ ∆𝑋𝐺 ∆𝑡 ∙ 1 𝑋(𝑡) ∙ 𝐶𝑆 → 𝑇𝐶𝑠𝑜𝑙(𝑡) ∆𝑋𝐺 ∙ 𝐶𝑆 + 𝐶𝐶𝑃𝑅 ∙ ∫ 𝐶𝑃𝑅(𝑡∗) The final estimated form (�̂�𝑖) is then dependent on a fuzzy rule �̂�𝑖 = { �̂�𝑖 = 0, 𝑖𝑓 �̂�𝑖 ∗ ≤ 0 �̂�𝑖 = �̂�𝑖 ∗, 𝑜𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑤𝑖𝑠𝑒 , (24) 3. where the logical condition assures the validity of the boundary condition, i.e., the computed glucose concentration is always non-negative. Keywords: carbon; ̅̅ ̅̅; ∆𝑋𝐺; ∙ 𝐶𝑆; 𝐶𝐶𝑃𝑅
• cet-13685 by None (None) - The study reveals that a reduction in the time gap between the year of implementation and the year of achieving net-zero emissions will lead to an increase in carbon prices. The implementation of carbon prices resulted in considerable emission reductions, as well as variations in service demand and energy usage patterns in the transport sector. Keywords: carbon; cost; emission; energy; india; pricing; scenarios; study; transportation; year
• cet-13768 by None (None) - The electric energy demand of ELs, ASU, CCU, and CO2 capture plant can be fulfilled also via backup grid electricity [#P2grid, #P3grid, #P6grid, and #P7grid, respectively], while any excess renewable electricity can be exported to the grid [#P4]. (b) CO2 balance of optimal CCS and CCU plants, compared with reference cement plant and MeOH plant (i.e., Base) (Pérez-Fortes et al., 2016). Keywords: carbon; ccu; co2; cost; electricity; meoh; plant
• cet-13776 by None (None) - Fischer Tropsch synthesis (FTS) represents one of the main processes in the hydrocarbons production 223 field. Multifunctional heterogeneous catalysts for the tandem CO2hydrogenation- Fischer Tropsch synthesis of gasoline. Keywords: carbon; catalysts; chain; co2; distribution; fischer; synthesis; tropsch
• cet-13797 by None (None) - Table 1: Pressurized metered dose inhalers (pMDIs) studied. Table 2: Pressurized metered dose inhalers (pMDIs) studied Product code Initial mass Keywords: carbon; dose; drug; footprint; inhalers; pmdis
• cet-13806 by None (None) - It is observed that there is a significant difference between the treatments with activated carbon; however, treatment 1, which was the control group compared to treatment 4, improved soil parameters as well as higher cadmium removal. Table 2: Analysis of physicochemical parameters of soil without treatment The physicochemical study was carried out on a soil sample with activated carbon treatment of Cocos nucifera at different concentrations, it is observed that T4 (CA: 300 g) improved the parameters of phosphorus 9.95 ppm, nitrogen 2.78%, potassium 48.4 ppm, cation exchange capacity 21.8 Meq/100g, pH 7.33, magnesium 2.8 Meq/100g, organic matter 2.28% and the cadmium level decreased to 1.2 ppm. Keywords: cadmium; carbon; microorganisms; mountain; ppm; soil; treatments
• cet-13823 by None (None) - It should be noted that the study will generate the necessary information for subsequent studies related to the restoration of degraded soils (Fremout et al. 2022) with a view to holistic management that includes the energy use of forest biomass. In Peru, dry forests form an ecosystem of semi-dense vegetation, its main characteristic is a dry climate with short rainy seasons, with arid areas being the most vulnerable (Morales and Tullume 2015). Keywords: biomass; carbon; ecosystem; forest; height; peru; services; species; total; tree
• cet-14398 by None (None) - Carbon footprints, which address carbon dioxide or, simply, carbon, are a measure of the environmental impact of human activities. Carbon footprints can be connected to air pollution and climate change, and they indicate the total – direct or indirect – greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions caused by an individual, organisation, project, event, or product expressed in terms of carbon dioxide equivalent. Keywords: carbon; carbon footprint; catering; co2; conference; energy; equivalent; event; footprint; total
• cet-14446 by None (None) - Based on the TPR profiles, reduction temperatures were chosen for the complete reduction of copper, and the CZAN-1, CZAN-2, and CZAN-3 catalysts were activated at 375, 400, and 340 ºC respectively. The third most generated compound in the CZAN-2 and CZAN-3 catalysts has been 2-propanol, with a carbon selectivity of 11.8 and 7.5 %, respectively. Keywords: carbon; catalysts; czan-3; liquid; pdo; products; propanone; selectivity
• cet-14496 by None (None) - Other elements (wt.%) RDF-char 30.9 0.28 0.29 0.53 67.9 RDF-oil 61.4 10.3 0.70 n.d. 21.6 WT-char 88.8 0.03 0.10 3.20 7.87 WT-oil 75.2 9.40 0.20 n.d. 15.2 LP-char 55.9 0.65 0.35 n.d. 43.1 SC-char 70.8 1.50 8.50 n.d. 19.2 RH-char 44.5 1.10 - n.d. 54.4 Figure 2: TG curves (air, 40 mL/min, HR=10°C/min) of char samples (left) and oil samples (right). The feedstocks used to produce bitumen additives by pyrolysis process were two civil wastes (refuse derived fuel (RDF) and scraped waste tires (WT)), and three agricultural/aquaculture wastes (lemon peels (LP), rice husk (RH) and shrimp-derived chitosan (SC)). Keywords: bitumen; carbon; char; oil; pyrolysis; samples; wt.%
• cet-14497 by None (None) - Fermentation, 8(5), Article 5. https://doi.org/10.3390/fermentation8050226 Erdiwansyah, Mamat, R., Sani, M. S. M., Sudhakar, K., Kadarohman, A., and Sardjono, R. E. (2019). GHG emissions, which have increased by 75 % since the 1970s, include carbon dioxide, methane, and nitrous oxide (Battaglia et al., 2022). Keywords: bolivia; carbon; crop; emissions; energy; ethanol; ghg; potential; sugarcane; use
• cet-14731 by None (None) - Based on the coefficient of determination, R², for linear regression models between student and staff numbers and carbon footprint emissions for normal years (2015 to 2019) in Figure 4, the decline in students and staff could explain approximately 75.5%, 98.5%, and 99.9% of the variations in scope 1, 2, and 3 GHG emissions, respectively. During the COVID-19 period, students’ commute reduction causes a substantial decrease in carbon footprint. Keywords: carbon; emissions; footprint; ghg; scope; staff; students; university; year
• cet-15000 by None (None) - Kong S.-H., Loh S.-K., Bachmann R.T., Rahim S.A., Salimon J., 2014, Biochar from oil palm biomass: By utilising P-graph, the study ascertains feasible technologies and end-products for palm biomass processing, evaluating different pathways' feasibility and their corresponding economic and environmental impacts. Keywords: biomass; carbon; emission; graph; oil; palm; tr u; u c
• cet-15010 by None (None) - Based on the segmented optimization and co-optimization methods under the whole life cycle perspective, the optimal solution proposed in this study can achieve a 14.4 % reduction in energy consumption, a 10.5 % reduction in carbon emission, and a 4.6 % increase in the useful daylight illuminance. Introduction The impetus of the national dual carbon goal targets positions the building industry, one of the three primary sectors for carbon emissions in China, at a pivotal transition from energy-saving buildings to low-carbon buildings. Keywords: building; carbon; consumption; design; emissions; energy; optimization; strategies; strategy
• cet-15312 by None (None) - Accepted: 15 May 2025 Please cite this article as: Silva K.C., Cury L.F., Luz Junior L.F.L., 2025, Basalt Dissolution Reaction of the Paraná-etendeka Volcanic Province and Its Potential to Sequester Carbon Dioxide, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 117, 367-372 DOI:10.3303/CET25117062 CHEMICAL ENGINEERING TRANSACTIONS VOL. 117, 2025 A publication of The Italian Association of Chemical Engineering Online at www.cetjournal.it Guest Editors: Fabrizio Bezzo, Flavio Manenti, Gabriele Pannocchia, Almerinda di Benedetto Copyright © 2025, AIDIC Servizi S.r.l. ISBN 979-12-81206-17-5; ISSN 2283-9216 Basalt Dissolution Reaction of The Paraná-Etendeka Volcanic Province and Its Potential to Sequester Carbon Dioxide Klebson C. Silvaa*, Leonardo F. Curyb, Luiz F. L. Luz Júniora aFederal University of Paraná, Department of Chemical Engineering, Curitiba, PR, Brazil bFederal University of Paraná, iLAMIR Institute, 81531-980, Curitiba, PR, Brazil klebsonsilva@ufpr.br Volcanic rocks have demonstrated high efficiency in reacting with carbonated fluids and mineralizing CO2, as shown in experimental studies and pilot projects. The Paraná-Etendeka Magmatic Province represents a promising site for carbon storage due to its extensive deposits of volcanic rocks and abundant water resources. Keywords: basalt; carbon; dissolution; etendeka; fluid; paraná; province; sample; volcanic
• cet-15315 by None (None) - Both parameters; adsorbent dosage and solution pH are important in determining adsorption potential. Both parameters; adsorbent dosage and solution pH are important in determining adsorption potential. Keywords: adsorbent; adsorption; bimetallic; carbon; chromium; cr(vi; graphene; oxide; solution
• cet-15330 by None (None) - To ensure that no potential technologies were overlooked, the scouting considered evaluating several keywords related to offshore technologies or their operative constraints: • Offshore / Coastal • Oilfield / Platform / Rig • Carbon Dioxide / CO2 / Carbon • CCU / Utilization / Conversion / Transformation / Feedstock / Reuse • Hydrogenation / Reduction / Carbonylation / Solidification • Low weight / Low pressure / Low temperature / At the industrial scale, only the dual-step carbonylation of CO2 has been implemented by companies such as Saudi Aramco and Mitsubishi (Al et al., 2022; Kobayashi et al., 2004). Keywords: carbon; co2; energy; industrial; processes; technologies; ∆𝐻298𝐾; 𝐶𝑂 ∆𝐻298𝐾; 𝐶𝑂2
• cet-15363 by None (None) - Improving energy efficiency in industries is crucial to reduce energy consumption and CO2 emissions (Man et al., 2020), thus contributing to environmental and economic sustainability (Feuillet et al., 2022). The implementation of ISO 50001 provides a framework for energy management that helps organizations improve their energy efficiency (ISO 50001, 2018). Keywords: carbon; doi; efficiency; emissions; energy; footprint; implementation; iso; power; sustainability
• cet-15368 by None (None) - To this purpose, electrodepositions under galvanostatic and potentiostatic conditions were separately carried out on carbon paper and copper foil. We analyze how deposition parameters and different substrates (carbon paper, copper foil) can impact the electrode morphology and evaluate the catalytic activity of the fabricated foam electrodes. Keywords: carbon; cathodic; co2; conditions; copper; electrodeposition; electrodes; paper; potential; zinc
• cet-15390 by None (None) - The catalytic effect of CuO-doped activated carbon on thermal decomposition and combustion of AN/Mg/NC composite. Non-isothermal kinetic studies on thermal decomposition of energetic materials: KNF and NTO. Keywords: carbon; coo; decomposition; energy; nitrocellulose; oxide
• cet-15641 by None (None) - Amine impregnation of MC increased the active sites for CO2 adsorption, which promotes CO2 adsorption. Adsorption of CO2 The effect of different TETA loadings on CO2 adsorption performance was investigated. Keywords: adsorption; amine; carbon; co2; material; teta
• cet-15668 by None (None) - Blade performance—heavily influenced by parameters like tip speed ratio (TSR), chord length, and twist distribution—critically affects energy capture. This study aims to optimize blade design for small-scale HAWTs using a Genetic Algorithm (GA), targeting low- wind-speed Philippine conditions. Keywords: blade; carbon; design; energy; footprint; performance; turbine; wind
• cet-15677 by None (None) - The conversion of plastic waste into fuel presents a sustainable solution to plastic pollution and fuel shortages. Case study This case study deals with the allocation of plastic waste subjected to demand constraints and environmental impact considerations. Keywords: carbon; co2; emissions; footprint; fuel; graph; plastic; solution; supply; waste
• cet-15681 by None (None) - This has profound implications for EV emissions, as the indirect emissions from charging remain linked to fossil fuel combustion unless cleaner power sources are prioritized. Table 1: Total carbon emissions in Mt CO2 for each scenario Year BAU (Ref) BAU Low EV BAU High EV CES Low EV 2020 59.924 59.924 59.924 59.924 2025 77.806 77.801 77.762 71.498 2030 96.313 96.230 96.044 76.489 2035 117.946 117.705 117.279 79.072 2040 142.896 142.513 141.765 78.191 Emissions of traditional cars were calculated as 281.2 gCO2-eq/km, with 260 gCO2/km (Fabian and Gota, 2009) and 0.08 g/km of NOx (DENR, 2015). Keywords: adoption; carbon; emissions; energy; evs; philippines; vehicle
• cet-15687 by None (None) - The fundamental mechanism of unburned carbon flotation is clearly illustrated in Ma et al. (2024) 368 Figure 2: Illustration of the mechanism of unburned carbon flotation (Ma et al., 2024) Keywords: adsorption; ash; carbon; carbon concentrate; coal; concentrate; flotation; fly; particles; power; surface
• cet-15722 by None (None) - The studies of structural changes in gypsum composites with porous fillers were conducted using four gypsum- based compositions (Table 1). The results of the studies of the structure of gypsum composites are presented in Figures 2 – 6. Keywords: carbon; composites; gypsum; mass; materials; properties; structure
• Hetero-atom Decoration of Activated Carbon without Post-Treatment by Boonyoung, P.; Treeweranuwat, P.; Leewattanakarn, P.; Nueangnoraj, K. (2017) - A publication of The Italian Association of Chemical Engineering Online at www.aidic.it/cet Guest Editors: Jiří Jaromír Klemeš, Peng Yen Liew, Wai Shin Ho, Jeng Shiun Lim Copyright © 2017, AIDIC Servizi S.r.l., ISBN 978-88-95608-47-1; ISSN 2283-9216 Hetero-atom Decoration of Activated Carbon without Post-Treatment Pawan Boonyoung, Panudetch Treeweranuwat, Peewara Leewattanakarn, Khanin Nueangnoraj* School of Bio-Chemical Engineering and Technology, Sirindhorn International Institute of Technology, Thammasat University, Thailand khanin@siit.tu.ac.th In this work, we attempt to decorate heteroatoms, including nitrogen and sulphur, into activated carbon without post-treatment. It is found that activated carbon prepared from shrimp shells has a higher nitrogen content (1.40 wt%) than that prepared from crab shells (0.47 wt%). Keywords: acs; carbon; crab; lignin; lignite; nitrogen; shells; shrimp
• New Designed Procedure for G/SiO2/SiC Nano-Heterojunctions Growth on Recycled 3C-SiC Powder by Sarno, M.; Galvagno, S.; Piscitelli, R.; Portofino, S.; Cirillo, C.; Ciambelli, P. (2017) - Numerous paper have been published on this theme (Schürmann et al., 2006), one of the key aspect was the diffusion of CO and CO2 molecules in SiO2 during SiC oxidation, whereas a challenging goal was to avoid carbon intermixing in the SiO2 interlayer and covering the outer surface by a carbon layer, e.g. few layer graphene. Scheme 1: The five steps during SiC oxidation. Keywords: carbon; layer; oxidation; oxide; oxygen; reaction; sic; silicon; sio2
• Optimization of Fluidized Catalytic Cracking Unit Regenerator to Minimize CO2 Emissions by Yakubu, J.; Patel, R.; Mujtaba, I.M. (2017) - Most FCC regenerators have two sections; dense bed and a freeboard. Any reduction achieved on carbon dioxide emission is progress made on solving the problems of global warming. Keywords: bed; carbon; co2; dioxide; fcc; regenerator
• cet-2451 by None (None) - Evaluation of GHG emission in the city was studied by many researchers. System boundary is defined along with the administrative boundary of the city, GHG emissions released from the city activity in 2015 are collected and expressed as ton CO2 equivalent (tCO2eq). Keywords: carbon; city; dan; emissions; energy; footprint; ghg; municipality; sai; waste
• Deposition and Characterization of Diamond-like Carbon Films by Electron Cyclotron Resonance Microwave Plasma Enhanced Unbalanced Magnetron Sputtering by Li, Xin; Miao, Hui; Zhu, Hongping (2018) - Phys. Rev., 5, 3482-3487, DOI: 10.1016/0925-9635(94)05204-2 Habibi, S.M. Mousavi K., 2017, Raman spectroscopy of thin DLC film deposited by plasma electrolysis process, Surface & Coatings Technology, 309, 945–950, DOI: 10.1016/j.surfcoat.2016.10.056 Johnston G.P., Tiwari P., Rej D.J., 1994, Preparation of diamond like carbon films by high-intensity pulsed-ion- beam deposition, Journal of Applied Physics, 76, 5949-5945. Figure 7: Surface morphology of DLC films under different bias 4.4 Formation mechanism of DLC film For the mechanism of DLC film formation using PVD, Robertson J. (Robertson, 2002) proposed the subplantation model. Keywords: bias; carbon; deposition; dlc; energy; film; raman; sp3; surface; target
• cet-2765 by None (None) - On this basis, Andreoni conducted a decoupling analysis of the relationship between carbon emission and economic growth in Italy’s agriculture, industry, and transportation industry from the perspective of carbon emission intensity, energy intensity, energy structure, and economic growth. In order to study the relationship between carbon emission and economic growth in China’s transportation industry and the driving factors of carbon emission, the Logarithmic Mean Divisia Index (LMDI) decomposition model of carbon emission elastic decoupling and carbon emission driving factors is established. Keywords: carbon; china; decoupling; effect; emission; energy; industry; transportation
• Benefit of Fe-containing Catalytic Systems for Dry Reforming of Lignin to Syngas under Microwave Radiation by Tsodikov, M.; Ellert O, G.; Arapova, O.; Nikolaev, S.A.; Chistyakov, A.; Maksimov, Y.V. (2018) - It should be mentioned that Ni –containing nanoparticles deposed on lignin surface from organosol (Tsodikov, 2017) and Fe –containing particles demonstrate similar magnetic behavior. According to another procedure, iron particles were deposited from a colloid solution of metal particles in toluene prepared by metal vapor synthesis. Keywords: carbon; heating; iron; lignin; microwave; mwr; nanoparticles; particles; reforming; samples; surface; wt.%
• Polymeric Sensor Fibers Based on a Piezoelectric Polymer and Metal Alloy/Carbon Nanotube/Polymer Composite for Structural Health Monitoring by Steinmann, W.; Pico, D. (2017) - For fiber based materials, this approach has never been studied before. If the fibers are directly placed into the matrix material (beside the reinforcing fibers), an external contacting is necessary for measuring the electrical signal generated in the fibers, which becomes impossible if carbon fibers are applied as a reinforcing material (Walter et. Keywords: carbon; cnt; draw; fibers; metal; piezoelectric; polymer
• Mechanical Behaviour with Temperatures of Aluminum Matrix Composites with CNTs by Marini, D.; Genova, V.; Marra, F.; Pulci, G.; Valente, M. (2017) - [°C] Fillers [wt%] E mod [GPa] 25 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 65.5±2.9 68.3±2.3 69.4±0.9 65.9±4.5 48.1±2.1 200 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 59.9±1.9 61.1±2.1 49.8±2.5 51.7±2.4 42.9±0.3 400 0 42.9±0.3 43.6±1.8 44.7±0.9 39.4±4.5 0.5 1 1.5 2 39.5±2.1 29 possible to observe the direct influence of the reinforcement in composites properties. Reference Alam, S. N. and Kumar, L. (2016) ‘Mechanical properties of aluminium based metal matrix composites reinforced with graphite nanoplatelets’, Materials Science and Engineering A. Elsevier, 667, pp. Keywords: carbon; cnts; composites; doi; fillers; matrix
• Polyether Ether Ketone / Carbon Nanotube Composite Fibres by Go, T.; Pico, D.; Steinmann, W. (2017) - Furthermore, by using PEEK fibres containing suitable additives, carbon nanotubes (CNT), the aimed conductivity can be achieved and the light weight potential can also be maintained. Figure 4 (right) shows the DSC curves of PEEK fibres with 0 % and 10 % CNT, the shift in the melting temperature is visible. Keywords: carbon; cnt; concentration; conductivity; ether; fibres; ketone; melt; peek; polymer; properties
• Nanostructured Nickel Film Deposition on Carbon Fibers for Improving Reinforcement-matrix Interface in Metal Matrix Composites by Genova, V.; Marini, D.; Valente, M.; Marra, F.; Pulci, G. (2017) - However, surface microstructure investigations have allowed to identify the optimized plating parameters in terms of homogeneity of nickel coating: in fact, in the sample obtained with a Pr of 100 mL/g for 10 minutes (Figure 3C), the coating seems to be adherent, continuous and more homogeneous then the other samples. Haag S., Burgard M., Ernst B.,2006, Pure nickel coating on a mesoporous alumina membrane: Preparation by electroless plating and characterization, Surface & Coatings Technology, 201, 2166-2173, DOI: 10.1016/j.surfcoat.2006.03.023 Loto C. A., 2016, Electroless Nickel Plating – A Review, Silicon, pp. Keywords: carbon; coating; doi; fibers; matrix; nickel; plating; solution; surface
• Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons Extraction Based on Graphene Coated Magnetic Alloy Nanoparticles by Sarno, M.; Ponticorvo, E.; Cirillo, C.; Ciambelli, P. (2017) - The stable core-shell G-FeCo NPs were synthesized by catalytic chemical vapor deposition (CCVD) of methane at atmospheric pressure using a catalyst prepared by wet impregnation of gibbsite (γ- DOI: 10.3303/CET1760025 Please cite this article as: Sarno M., Ponticorvo E., Cirillo C., Ciambelli P., 2017, Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons extraction based on graphene coated magnetic alloy nanoparticles, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 60, 145-150 DOI: 10.3303/CET1760025 145 Al(OH)3) powder with cobalt acetate and iron acetate solutions (Sarno et al., 2014; Sarno M., Cirillo C., Ciambelli P., 2014, Selective graphene covering of monodispersed magnetic nanoparticles, Chem. Keywords: carbon; et al; extraction; feco; figure; nanoparticles; nps; pahs; sarno
• cet-4452 by None (None) - Aside from estimating CO2 utilisation, this method also allows an industrial site planner to identify the suitable industries that can act as CO2 sources or CO2 demands for a given region. (3) How can the amount of CO2 purity required by the industries (demands) be satisfied? Keywords: capture; carbon; co2; header; purity; storage; utilisation
• cet-4765 by None (None) - Sugar beet pulp carbon obtained from different methods to use as an adsorbent was studied for removing heavy metals in earlier works, such as (Aksu and İşoğlu, 2005) on Copper removal, as well as Cadmium (Özer and Tümen, 2005), Chromium; Altundoğan, 2005) and phenol (Beker et al., 2010).There are also some studies of phenol adsorption by sugar beet pulp carbon, but little attention has been paid to the investigation of pH, adsorbent dosage, phenol concentration, temperature and contact times dependence of adsorption process and evaluating equilibrium, and kinetic parameters of the system, which are important in the design of treatment systems (Dursun et al., 2005). At basic pH (>7), phenol adsorption became difficult due to the repulsion of the accumulation for negatively charged hydroxyl ions around the adsorbent surface. Keywords: acsp; adsorbent; adsorption; carbon; dosage; phenol; removal; sugar
• cet-5084 by None (None) - DOI: 10.3303/CET1543317 Please cite this article as: Mocellin P., Vianello C., Maschio G., 2015, Carbon capture and storage hazard investigation: numerical analysis of hazards related to dry ice bank sublimation following accidental carbon dioxide releases, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 43, 1897-1902 DOI: 10.3303/CET1543317 DOI: 10.3303/CET1543317 Please cite this article as: Mocellin P., Vianello C., Maschio G., 2015, Carbon capture and storage hazard investigation: numerical analysis of hazards related to dry ice bank sublimation following accidental carbon dioxide releases, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 43, 1897-1902 DOI: 10.3303/CET1543317 1897 This occurrence is surely found in the case of releases from a buried CCS pipeline and is very common given that a large part of the piping will be placed under the ground. Keywords: bank; carbon; carbon dioxide; co2; dioxide; dry; ice; ice bank; release; sublimation
• cet-5610 by None (None) - A potential problem in the DNBPR is that the exposure to high nitrite concentrations may inhibit the activity of DPAOs. 5021 ± 200 88.8 ± 13.9 1567 ±78 197 ± 22 1746 ± 113 3.2 Effect on nitrite concentration Keywords: acid; carbon; nitrite; phosphorus; removal; spur; vfw
• cet-6573 by None (None) - The calibration line was obtained by taking account of bilirubin adsorption at the same wavelength. The albumin concentration was assumed as constant during each experimental test because a previous study showed that albumin adsorption on the activated carbon considered in this work is negligible (Annesini et al., 2008). Keywords: adsorption; albumin; bilirubin; carbon; solutions; toxins; tryptophan
• cet-6577 by None (None) - Table 1: Composition of products of rape oil conversion under optimal conditions Rape oil conversion products Product composition, wt % 360°C , 1.2 h–1 420°C, 2.4 h–1 С1 0.54 1.04 С2 4.89 4.83 C2= 0.18 0.32 C3 11.71 10.79 C3= 0.37 0.75 iso-C4 9.50 5.88 n-С4 5.30 2.19 C4= 1.49 1.81 iso-С5 9.91 4.52 n-C5 2.60 1.46 С5= 0.66 1.12 2,3-Me-C4 1.09 0.45 iso-C6 2.04 0.94 n-C6 3.40 0.72 Benzene 7.04 6.56 Toluene 16.92 18.42 Ethylbenzene 3.79 4.81 o,p-Xylene 9.24 13.06 m-Xylene 2.23 3.15 Propylbenzene 0.00 0.94 Methylethylbenzene 4.16 5.93 1,2,3-Trimethylbenzene 0.80 1.40 Methylphenylethylene 0.61 1.01 1,2-Diethylbenzene 0.00 1.61 α-Phenyl-β-ethylethylene 0.00 0.96 Naphthalene 0.00 1.16 α-Methylnaphthalene 0.63 1.40 СО 0.58 2.55 СО2 0.33 0.21 Σ 100.00 100.00 Application of Pt/Al2O3 allows to improve the efficiency of rape oil conversion towards valuable hydrocarbons in comparison with Ni containing catalysts described by Mikulec J. et al., 2009 and Kovács S. et al., 2010 due to realization of process in one step and also reducing the loss of valuable carbon mass via glycerol and acyl fragments condensation. Keywords: al2o3; alkanes; atoms; carbon; catalyst; conversion; oil; products
• cet-6679 by None (None) - Activated carbons are materials composed mainly of carbon, and have a high adsorption capacity; this is due essentially to their large surface areas and to their highly developed microporous texture. Activated carbons can be obtained from carbon-rich materials of plant, animal or mineral. Keywords: ambient; carbon; cryogenic; grinding; tyres; waste
• Optimal Selection of Low Carbon Technologies using a Stochastic Fuzzy Multi-Criteria Decision Modelling Approach by Promentilla, M.A.B.; Tapia, J.F.D.; Aviso, K.B.; Tan, R.R. (2017) - Low carbon energy systems are thus being developed, promoted and deployed as part of the solution portfolios to address climate change. In this work, a Stochastic Fuzzy Analytic Network Process (SFANP) model was developed and applied in the prioritization of low carbon energy systems considering such uncertainty. Keywords: carbon; criteria; decision; energy; level; matrix; priorities; priority; promentilla
• Research on Composite and Electrochemical Properties of Carbon Nanotubes Composites by Zhang, Dandan (2018) - Carbon nanotube composite has good electrical conductivity, stability and photoelectron performance. Sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) are the most promising alternative to lithium-ion batteries, which are suitable for DOI: 10.3303/CET1871147 Please cite this article as: Zhang D., 2018, Research on composite and electrochemical properties of carbon nanotubes composites, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 71, 877-882 DOI:10.3303/CET1871147 877 renewable power plants and smart grids. Keywords: carbon; carbon nanotubes; composite; graphene; hydrotalcite; ldh; nanotubes; pcnts; surface
• cet-9559 by None (None) - CHEMICAL ENGINEERING TRANSACTIONS VOL. 72, 2019 A publication of The Italian Association of Chemical Engineering Online at www.aidic.it/cet Guest Editors: Jeng Shiun Lim, Azizul Azri Mustaffa, Nur Nabila Abdul Hamid, Jiří Jaromír Klemeš Copyright © 2019, AIDIC Servizi S.r.l. ISBN 978-88-95608-69-3; ISSN 2283-9216 Rubber Seed Shell Based Activated Carbon by Physical Activation for Phenol Removal Koh Zhe Yana, Muhammad Abbas Ahmad Zainib,*, Agus Arsadc, Noor Shawal Nasric aSchool of Chemical & Energy Engineering, Faculty of Engineeringm Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 UTM Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia bCentre of Lipids Engineering & Applied Research (CLEAR), Ibnu-Sina Institute for Scientific & Industrial Research, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 UTM Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia cUTM-MPRC Institute for Oil & Gas, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 UTM Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia abbas@cheme.utm.my This work was aimed at evaluating the characteristics of activated carbons derived from rubber seed shell through physical activation using CO2 for phenol removal. Activated carbons were characterized for specific surface area, surface functional groups and morphology. Keywords: adsorption; carbon; phenol; removal; rubber; seed; shell; surface; zaini

• Synergetic Electrocatalytic Effects of Cu2O-TiO2 Heterostructures in a Solar Driven PEC Device for CO2 Reduction to >C1 Chemicals by Giusi, Daniele; Tavella, Francesco; Miceli, Matteo; Ampelli, Claudio; Centi, Gabriele; Cosio, Daniele; Genovese, Chiara; Perathoner, Siglinda (2021) - Conclusions This study has analysed the synthesis, characterization, and application of Cu2O/GDL and Cu2O-TiO2/GDL electrodes in the photo-electro-catalytic reduction of CO2 (in combination with TiO2 nanotube arrays as photoanode for water oxidation) in a compact-design solar-driven PEC cell without application of any external potential/current and without sacrificial agents. Specifically, the photoanode for water oxidation is made of TiO2 nanotube arrays prepared via controlled anodic oxidation, while Cu2O-TiO2 heterostructures, synthesised by ultra- sonicated assisted co-precipitation and then spray-coated over a carbon-based gas diffusion layer (GDL), are used as electrocathode materials for CO2 reduction. Keywords: acid; co2; cu2o; electrode; gdl; reduction; solar; tio2
• cet-12516 by None (None) - Figure 2: PSDs of CA/RUT particles produced using 0.5 wt% CA concentration, P=140 bar, E=30 kV. Figure 3: Particles of CA/RUT particles produced using 0.5 wt% CA concentration, RUT concentration equal to 5 wt% with respect to CA, P=140 bar, E=30 kV. With the aim of providing the effective encapsulation of RUT in CA particles and giving information about the chemical/physical interactions between RUT and CA, the IR spectra are reported in Figure 4. 112 Figure 4: IR spectra of CA powder (black line); RUT powder (red line); CA/RUT particles (blue line). Indeed, CA solutions were loaded with a poorly-water soluble compound, rutin (RUT), to improve its bioavailability. Keywords: acetate; bar; cellulose; co2; electrospray; microparticles; particles; rut
• cet-12541 by None (None) - ‘Assessment of bio-oil extraction from Tetraselmis chui microalgae comparing supercritical CO2, solvent extraction, and thermal processing’. This wide range of chemical compounds makes microalgae be considered as a potential source of applications, such as food ingredient, environmental use for water treatment, energy application in the production of biodiesel, or for the pharmaceutical sector through the application of their high value compounds (Levasseur et al., 2020). Keywords: co2; compounds; doi; ethanol; extraction; fractions; gaditana; microalgae; solvent; vol
• cet-12867 by None (None) - Italy has good options for CO2 geological storage (CGS) in saline aquifers both onshore and offshore presented by siliciclastic rocks in 14 areas (Donda et al., 2011) and carbonate rocks in 8 areas (Civilie et al., 2013). Civile D., Zecchin M., Forlin E., Donda F., Volpi V., Merson B., Persoglia S., 2013, CO2 geological storage in the Italian carbonate successions. Keywords: capacity; ccs; cement; co2; cost; malossa; project; scenario; storage; total
• cet-13132 by None (None) - Considering the thermodynamic analysis results, using an off-gas stream from a biomethane 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 50 250 450 650 850 1050 C O 2 C o n v e rs io n ( % ) T (˚C) 0% CH4 1% CH4 5% CH4 10% CH4 20% CH4a) 1.E-06 1.E-05 1.E-04 1.E-03 1.E-02 1.E-01 1.E+00 1.E+01 50 250 450 650 850 1050 C H 4 ,o u t (k m o l/ h ) T (˚C) 0% CH4 1% CH4 5% CH4 10% CH4 20% CH4c) 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5 5.5 650 750 850 950 1050 C O ,o u t (k m o l/ h ) T (˚C) 0% CH4 1% CH4 5% CH4 10% CH4 20% CH4 d) 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 700 800 900 1000 1100 H 2 /C O T (˚C) 0% CH4 1% CH4 5% CH4 10% CH4 20% CH4 b) 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 550 650 750 850 950 1050 C H 4 C o n v e rs io n ( % ) T (˚C) 1% CH4 5% CH4 10% CH4 20% CH4a) 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 50 250 450 650 850 1050 H 2 ,o u t (k m o l/ h ) T (˚C) 0% CH4 1% CH4 5% CH4 10% CH4 20% CH4 b) 323 plant (or a CO2 stream doped with CH4) could be a potential alternative for syngas production, once the possible simultaneous occurrence of the RWGS and the methane bi-reforming reactions allows higher CO2 conversions and the production of higher amounts of CO and H2, while consuming H2O, an unwanted RWGS by product, reducing the need of water condensation before syngas conversion. Alternatively, if a certain process is destined for methane production from CO2, the reaction must be carried out at lower temperatures and higher H2/CO2 ratios (e.g. 3) allowing higher CO2 conversions. Keywords: ch4; co2; conversion; figure; product; ratio; stream
• cet-13138 by None (None) - Valle B., García-Gómez N., Arandia A., Remiro A., Bilbao J., Gayubo A.G., 2019, Effect of phenols extraction on the behavior of Ni-spinel derived catalyst for raw bio-oil steam reforming, International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 44, 12593-12603. Steam Reforming (SR) of raw bio-oil (obtained from fast pyrolysis of biomass) is a promising and economically viable technology that is attracting increasing interest (Lopez et al. 2022) as it enables the joint valorization of the complex mixture of oxygenated organic compounds contained in bio-oil avoiding the costly separation of the high water content (Valle et al. 2019). Keywords: bio; co2; oil; ratio; reforming; syngas
• cet-13184 by None (None) - It was also possible to compare DR and BR for catalytic biogas reforming process. Figure 2 - Pressure effect on DR process in terms of a) CH4 conversion; and b) CO2 conversion. Keywords: biogas; ch4; co2; reforming; 𝐶𝑂2
• cet-13763 by None (None) - Then, by comparing the optimal conditions required for CO2 capture in industrial simulation and combining with the relevant screening experience in molecular simulation, 11 MOF materials suitable for industrial level 4 separation and 14 MOF materials suitable for level 6 separation were obtained in accordance with the conditions of CO2 adsorption capacity, selectivity and N2 adsorption capacity. Result 3.1 GCMC large-scale screening of the first step After the first step GCMC calculation of 4188 MOFs, the adsorption properties were obtained and the three most important adsorption properties were focused on, i.e.: CO2 / N2 selectivity (Si/j ads); CO2 adsorption capacity (Ni ads);N2 adsorption capacity (Nj ads). Keywords: adsorption; capacity; co2; materials; mofs; range; screening; separation
• cet-13767 by None (None) - In 2021 three countries produced about 15.9 Mt of large CO2 emissions, including more than 2.2 Mt of bio-CO2 emissions, located not far from the existing gas pipelines, which could connect emitters with storage sites and ports. The regulatory process to permit CO2 storage in Latvia has been started, initiated by Latvian largest CO2 producers. Keywords: baltic; blidene; ccus; co2; emissions; latvia; onshore; storage
• cet-13788 by None (None) - The following indicators were studied: the profit of a batch (P), specific energy demand (SED), specific CO2 emission (CO2,s) resulting from incineration and the generation of heating steam, specific wastewater generation (mws) and specific potential environmental impacts (PEIs) determined by the WAR algorithm. Based on the effects of the parameters, a new operational policy is proposed that has both a higher profit (by 60%) and lower environmental impacts (73% lower specific CO2 emission) compared to the base case. Keywords: co2; cut; fore; increase; sustainability; wastewater
• cet-13795 by None (None) - The benefits of biogas upgrading are numerous. In this study, Chlorella vulgaris was used both for biogas upgrading and for reducing the polluting impact of digestate from anaerobic digestion of organic fraction of municipal solid waste (OFMSW) due to its easy cultivation in various environments, even raw wastewater, and significant lipid content. Keywords: anaerobic; biogas; co2; digestate; digestion; growth; upgrading; vulgaris; waste; µmol
• cet-14337 by None (None) - The discourse on optimising the construction costs of embedded track structures in Hungary emerged in 2014. Even though correctly chosen parameters can lead to significant cost savings and more accurate compliance with environmental impact requirements, the practical design of embedded track structures is currently based on the examination of single variants and costly laboratory tests, and their optimisation is not addressed at all in Hungarian practice, and only rarely in international practice (Major and Kulcsár, 2014). Keywords: co2; embedding; emissions; footprint; hungary; material; rail; structure; track; transport; use; ustm
• cet-14346 by None (None) - For this, the emission calculated in tons has to be multiplied by 0.338 gha/t (Lin et al., 2018), giving a value of 0.114 gha/m3 for concrete mixed with CEM T cement and 0.100 gha/m3 for concrete mixed with CEM II cement. Converting the emissions obtained, it can be found that 1,140 gm2 of hypothetical land area is needed to produce one m3 of concrete for a formulation of concrete mixed with CEM I cement type 1,140 gm2, and 1,000 gm2 for a formulation mixed with CEM II cement type. Keywords: cement; co2; concrete; construction; emissions; footprint; resistance
• cet-14437 by None (None) - Byproducts of slow pyrolysis are pyrolysis oil (water, oxygenated and not organic compounds) and gas (H2, CO, CO2 CH4 and C2-C3) (Park et al., 2012). Enhancement of CO2 adsorption on biochar sorbent modified by metal incorporation. Keywords: bc0.30; biochar; ch4; co2; figure; pressure; sorption
• cet-14685 by None (None) - The findings conclusively demonstrated a significant escalation in the probability of CCS conditioning equipment failure due to natural hazards. Methodology The methodology proposed in the current study, schematized in Figure 2, aims to investigate how floods and earthquakes may affect the integrity of CCS equipment and to identify inherent safety indicators in the context of risk assessment. Keywords: ccs; co2; equipment; events; failure; flood; risk; safety; scenarios
• cet-14716 by None (None) - The column used for CO2 adsorption is made of Teflon, with an internal diameter of 3 cm and height 9 cm. Xu F., Yu Y., Yan J., Xia Q., Wang H., Li J., Li Z., 2016, Ultrafast room temperature synthesis of GrO-HKUST-1 composites with high CO2 adsorption capacity and CO2/N2 adsorption selectivity, Chemical Engineering Journal 303, 231-237. Keywords: adsorption; capture; co2; figure; foam; hkust-1; metal; mof; mofs; pressure; synthesis
• cet-14730 by None (None) - The CO2 emissions from CNG vehicles are lower than those from conventional vehicles because natural gas has a lower carbon intensity than petrol or diesel (Iqbal et al., 2011), CNG emits about 25% less CO2 (Wakdikar, 2002) than diesel fuel for the same amount of energy and thus makes an important contribution to the reduction of CO2 and pollutants (Milojević et al., 2011). For that reason, an attempt to conversion of vehicles running on harmful conventional fuels into CNG fuel in the Agartala Municipal Corporation (AMC) area under three intervention scenarios has been undertaken and analyzed. Keywords: agartala; city; cng; co2; diesel; emission; fuel; scenario; vehicles
• cet-14732 by None (None) - High-temperature quasi-in-situ catalytic CO2-assisted gasification is better suited to achieve high syngas energy yield. In the case of waste tyres, the syngas yield and energy yields increased by 24% and 23%, respectively. Keywords: catalyst; co2; energy; gasification; situ; syngas; waste; yield
• cet-1479 by None (None) - In this study, photocatalytic CO2 reduction to fuels over Cu-loaded graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) under visible light irradiation has been investigated. In the recent years, there have been number of studies focused on photocatalytic CO2 reduction by g- C3N4 based photocatalyst. Keywords: c3n4; ch3oh; ch4; co2; light; photocatalyst; reduction
• cet-14817 by None (None) - This paper focuses on identifying the relationship between power consumption with integrated IAQ parameters of CO2 concentration, air temperature, and humidity for Air Conditioning Mechanical and Ventilation (ACMV) system in the office building. The findings establish a linear model showing the relationship between power consumption and indoor air quality (IAQ) parameters. Keywords: afternoon; air; co2; consumption; correlation; power; power consumption; zone
• cet-14980 by None (None) - Palm oil mills process the fresh fruit bunches (FFBs) to produce crude palm oil (CPO) as the primary product. As of 2021, about 35 % of palm oil mills have installed biogas facilities (Bernama, 2022). Keywords: biomass; biorefinery; co2; emissions; mills; oil; palm; products; storage
• cet-15004 by None (None) - A publication of The Italian Association of Chemical Engineering Online at www.cetjournal.it Guest Editors: Petar S. Varbanov, Min Zeng, Yee Van Fan, Xuechao Wang Copyright © 2024, AIDIC Servizi S.r.l. ISBN 979-12-81206-12-0; ISSN 2283-9216 Optimal Design of CO2 Capture, Utilisation, Mineralisation, and Sequestration Networks within Industrial Clusters Thomas Prousalisa, Athanasios I. Papadopoulosb, Panos Seferlisa,* aDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki 54124, Greece bChemical Process and Energy Resources Institute, Centre for Research and Technology Hellas, Thermi Thessaloniki 57001, Greece seferlis@auth.gr Holistic development of CO2 capture, utilisation, and storage (CCUS) networks is crucial for the cost- effectiveness and the widespread deployment of such technologies in the industry. CO2 capture, utilisation, and sequestration (CCUS) are promising technologies to mitigate anthropogenic GHGs, as they can achieve high capture efficiencies and be integrated into existing industrial plants. Keywords: capture; ccus; co2; industrial; network; sequestration; utilisation; 𝑁 variables; 𝑁 𝑖=1
• cet-15006 by None (None) - Model formulation Two optimization models were developed using the following assumptions: (1) a unit of each final product requires a certain number of raw material j, (2) the amount of the final product is known, (3) the differences in 602 the production process and efficiency of each supplier i lead to differences in production cost and CO2 emission per raw material, and finally (4) this study considers a manufacturing plant that acquires raw materials locally. Each demand for raw material (j) from source (i) has a corresponding CO2 emission (eij), purchase cost (cij), and topological connectivity value (bij), which is a binary variable that ensures that there is a connection between supplier i and the demand for raw material j. Figure 1: System in consideration Keywords: co2; cost; demand; devices; material; pmma; product; study; supplier; unit
• cet-15290 by None (None) - The increase in yield is attributed to the favorability of the endothermic steam and dry reforming reactions at higher temperature in the tri-reformer. The effects of reforming temperature and percentage of recycled CO2 on process performance including overall H2 yield, energy efficiency, and H2/CO ratio of syngas generated from the reformers, will be analyzed and discussed. Keywords: co2; energy; ratio; reforming; sewgs
• cet-15324 by None (None) - Direct carbonation tests were carried out by using synthetic magnesium chloride solutions with a Mg2+ concentration of ~2.00 mol/L. Sodium hydroxide was the alkaline reactant. Materials and methods 2.1 Solutions Synthetic Mg2+-rich and NaOH solutions were employed in direct carbonation tests. Keywords: carbonation; co2; magnesium; mg2; min; solids; tests
• cet-15678 by None (None) - The model builds on prior validation from Estaquio et al. (2024), which used time-dependent simulations in a controlled indoor setting to match simulated airflow with anemometer data, confirm mesh independence, and reproduce CO2 concentration patterns from a sleeping occupant source. Mou et al. (2022) analyzed CO2 concentrations in a seminar room and emphasized the influence of occupant count and location on sensor placement. Keywords: airflow; co2; concentration; figure; inlet; room; site
• cet-2441 by None (None) - Global Energy Institute, 2012, CO2 enhanced oil recovery, Global Energy Institute, Washington, DC, USA. The relationship between oil recovery factor and producing time for all cases is shown in Figure 2. Keywords: co2; factor; oil; recovery; reservoir; wag
• cet-2443 by None (None) - Singh P., Brilman D.W.F., Groeneveld M.J., 2011, Evaluation of CO2 solubility in potential aqueous amine- based solvents at low CO2 partial pressure, International Journal of Greenhouse Gas Control, 5, 61-68. Yamada H., Chowdhury F.A., Goto K., Higashii T., 2013, CO2 solubility and species distribution in aqueous solutions of 2-(Isopropylamino)ethanol and its structural isomers, International Journal of Greenhouse Gas Control, 17, 99–105. Keywords: co2; mae; mea; solubility; solution
• cet-4451 by None (None) - All the samples of Au- doped TiO2 show higher absorbance intensities than un-doped TiO2. These results confirmed higher stability of Au- doped TiO2 catalyst, with supressed coke production. Keywords: catalyst; co2; figure; monolith; photoreactor; reduction; surface; tio2
• cet-5398 by None (None) - Format And Type Fonts CCHHEEMMIICCAALL EENNGGIINNEEEERRIINNGG TTRRAANNSSAACCTTIIOONNSS VOL. 39, 2014 A publication of The Italian Association of Chemical Engineering www.aidic.it/cet Guest Editors: Petar Sabev Varbanov, Jiří Jaromír Klemeš, Peng Yen Liew, Jun Yow Yong Copyright © 2014, AIDIC Servizi S.r.l., ISBN 978-88-95608-30-3; ISSN 2283-9216 DOI: 10.3303/CET1439097 Please cite this article as: Arshad M., Wukovits W., Friedl A., 2014, Simulation of CO2 absorption using the system K2CO3- piperazine, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 39, 577-582 DOI:10.3303/CET1439097 577 Simulation of CO2 Absorption Using the System K2CO3- Piperazine Muazzam For CO2 absorption from biogas, aqueous K2CO3 and piperazine solvents are used independently and then ultimately in a combination. Keywords: absorption; aspen; co2; k2co3; mol; piperazine; plus
• cet-6903 by None (None) - More recently experimental and theoretical studies have been made of coal combustion with emphasis on the behavior of the coal particle. Conclusion Knowledge of the phenomena occurring during coal combustion in oxygen enriched atmospheres is necessary for the reliable and efficient combustion of Oxygen/Coal/Recycled Flue Gas Mixtures. Keywords: co2; coal; energy; ignition; minimum
• Synthesis of Colloidal Suspension Based on Porous Silica Nanospheres and Its CO2 Absorption by Ding, Yudong; Li, Xiaoqiang; Guo, Liheng; Liao, Qiang; Zhu, Xun (2018) - The pressure in the absorption vessel decreased with CO2 absorption. Here apparent absorption rate is the average rate from beginning of CO2 absorption to the time when CO2 loading is up to 90 % saturation absorption amount according to the Damping-Film Theory 0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 0 100 200 300 400 500 V o lu m e A b so rb ed （ cm 3 /g ） Relative pressure （P/P0） PSNs PEI-PSNs 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 d V /d D （ cm 3 /g /n m ） Pore diameter（nm） PSNs PEI-PSNs 2 4 6 8 10 0.00 0.01 0.02 0.03 40 80 120 160 200 0.000 0.005 0.010 0.015 0.020 0.025 0.030 C O 2 s o lu b il it y c o ef fi ci en t (m o l· L -1 · k p a) P（kPa） DMEE/PEI-PSNs(10wt%) Pure DMEE (a) (b) (a) (b) 1660 (Cadours et al., 2012), the relationship between the partial pressure of the gas and the absorption time can be described as：   utPPPP ee  ）（）（ Keywords: absorption; capacity; co2; dmee; pei; psns; rate; wt%
• CaO-based Sorbents for Capturing CO2 in Clean Energy Processes. by Wang, J.; Monovic, V.; Eu, Y.; Anthony, E.J. (2010) - Experimental Results and Discussion Experiments were carried out to evaluate the dependence of carbonation activity on the duration of calcination. Samples of a typical limestone was calcined for varied durations and then tested for carbonation activity. Keywords: activity; calcination; carbonation; co2; sorbent

• cet-12740 by None (None) - Using biodiesel mix fuels resulted in greater brake specific fuel consumption, particularly at low engine speeds and under partial load situations The brake thermal efficiency of biodiesel blend fuels was found to be slightly higher compared to diesel fuel at 50 and 100 % load and the opposite trend was found at 25 % load. The brake thermal efficiency, carbon monoxide, unburned hydrocarbon and smoke opacity were found to be lower in the case of biodiesel blend fuels compared to diesel fuel. Keywords: biodiesel; brake; chuah; diesel engine; diesel fuel; emission; engine; fuel; oil; performance; waste
• cet-12745 by None (None) - Waste classification can greatly improve the efficiency of waste treatment and ensure the healthy development of cities. In the cost of waste treatment, the cost of the collection and transportation accounts for a considerable proportion. Keywords: classification; collection; cost; msw; supply; transfer; transportation; treatment; waste
• cet-12766 by None (None) - ISBN 978-88-95608-93-8; ISSN 2283-9216 Plastic Waste Circularity with Data-Driven Approach Considering Polymer Heterogeneity Hon Huin China,*, Petar Sabev Varbanova, Jiří Jaromír Klemeša, Raymond R. Tanb, Kathleen B. Avisob aSustainable Process Integration Laboratory – SPIL, NETME Centre, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Brno University of Technology - VUT Brno, Technická 2896/2, 616 69 Brno, Czech Republic bDepartment of Chemical Engineering, Gokongwei College of Engineering, De La Salle University, 2401 Taft Avenue, 0922 Manila, Philippines chin@fme.vutbr.cz Plastic debris has been a consistent issue in the global environment, and plastic waste recycling is the most promising option to avoid further accumulation. This work aims to extend the previously developed data-driven approach to quantifying the recyclability clusters of plastic waste to consider polymer heterogeneity in the evaluation. Keywords: compatibility; plastic; polymers; recycling; waste
• cet-12778 by None (None) - However, there is still limited literature describing the behavior of SCC with tire waste steel fiber (TWSF). Additionally, the mix proportions used in the study are tabulated in Table 2, where SCC denotes for control mix, and TWSF-0.7, TWSF-1, TWSF-2, and TWSF-3 stand for mixtures with a varying fraction of tire waste steel fiber. Keywords: compressive; concrete; fiber; properties; scc; steel; strength; tire; twsf; waste
• cet-12781 by None (None) - Radioactive waste is a type of hazardous waste that contains radioactive material. Common sources of radioactive wastes are nuclear fuel cycle, nuclear weapons reprocessing, medical wastes, industrial wastes, and naturally occurring radioactive materials. Keywords: geopolymer; level; management; mapping; materials; research; study; waste
• cet-12784 by None (None) - For example, in the 12th Malaysia Plan, instead of at least 10 % of coastal and marine areas as well as 17 % of terrestrial and inland water areas to be gazetted as protected areas, Malaysia only managed to achieve 5.3 % and 10 % (EPU, 2021). Economic Planning Unit, 2015, Eleventh Malaysia Plan 2016 – 2020: Anchoring Growth on People, Prime Minister’s Department, Malaysia, accessed 03.03.2022. Keywords: biodiversity; change; climate; development; dpsir; environmental; epi; framework; malaysia; management; plan; policy; quality; waste
• cet-13068 by None (None) - Rahimi A., Garcia J.M., 2017, Chemical recycling of waste plastics for new materials production, Nature Reviews Chemistry, 1, 46. Food waste is the overall largest waste fraction. Keywords: food; packaging; plastic; recycling; sorting; waste
• cet-13128 by None (None) - The indiscriminate disposal of waste lubricating oil into the environment may pose a major threat to the ecology (Sarkar et al., 2022) offering a high risk of damaging the soils, water and air. The negative impacts of inappropriately used oil management on the environment and human health (Botas et al., 2017) necessitate investigations for regeneration of waste lubricating oil to produce new lubricants, promoting a 90% decrease in the environmental problems that can shoot up from the manufacturing of petroleum-derived products (Botas et al., 2017). Keywords: alginate; flocculant; lubricating; oil; refining; sodium; solvent; waste; yield
• cet-13156 by None (None) - Catalyst properties are listed in Table 2. Although the last two can be minimised by correctly adjusting the operating conditions, the first two are inherent phenomena in refinery processes and are therefore the main causes of catalyst deactivation in hydrocracking. Keywords: activity; catalyst; coke; composition; hydrocracking; plastics; properties; regeneration; vol%; waste; wt%
• cet-13475 by None (None) - Rising attention was given for zeolite synthesis from waste materials in order to abate the high costs related to such process. Moreover, the African scenario was analyzed and Coal Fly Ash , with an estimated production of 12 Mtons/y by 2030, was selected as the best alternative for zeolite synthesis in this country. Keywords: ash; coal; et al; fly; materials; removal; synthesis; waste; zeolite
• cet-13481 by None (None) - It is important to highlight that the LCP36% has lower quality characteristics within the final classification of masonry units, also the LCP12% unit has the same final classification as the LCP24% unit, however, a lower percentage of waste can be recycled Therefore, the LCP24% unit would be the most optimal because it is the best alternative to recycle rubber and PET waste that is harmful to the environment, within the objectives of sustainable development. unit as type V due to its millimeter variations, the warpage had values of 2.13 and 2.08, placing it in the classification of type V brick, the absorption indicates that it is type V with values well below the norm (12%), in terms of compressive strength LCP12% units are classified as type V, LCP24% type V and LCP36% type III; all the specimens made comply with the physical and mechanical characteristics required in the masonry standard E 0.70. Keywords: brick; material; pet; rubber; type; unit; waste
• cet-13482 by None (None) - Table 4: Warpage of bricks Brick prototype Warp Concavity (mm) Class (E.070) L-1 3 IV L-2 3 IV L-3 3 IV L-4 2 V L-5 3 IV The PET waste and iron waste bricks did meet the main characteristics that classify them as construction units of type V and IV for construction activities in masonry, in the construction of homes as indicated by Wahane et al., 2022), according to It can be seen in Fig. Figure 3: Prototypes of bricks 2.3 Characterization of brick prototypes The brick prototypes were characterized around their sizing following the test method of the reference standard of NTP 399.604, 2002 revised in 2015; the maximum load and compressive strength according to the test method of NTP 399.604 (INDECOPI, 2002) using the PROETI uniaxial testing machine; and the warp concavity according to NTP 399.613:2017 (INDECOPI, 2005) and the E.070.2006 standard (MVCS, 2006). Keywords: bricks; construction; masonry; pet; polyethylene; shavings; terephthalate; waste
• cet-13826 by None (None) - Chen et al. (2019) indicated that energy generation is affecting the planet and confirmed the need to look for new alternatives that protect the environment, reduce waste generation and provide a healthy and clean environment for future generations. In the research by Henrique da Paz et al. (2019), they conducted a diagnosis of construction waste generation in the city of Recife, Brazil, and obtained indicators to improve waste management. Keywords: construction; demolition; energy; equipment; generation; min; module; slabs; waste
• cet-13830 by None (None) - Table 1 lists yearly changes in waste fractions per person used for implementing Current Road scenario. Table 1: Yearly changes in waste fractions per person used for assessing Current Road & Circular Road scenarios Waste fraction Residual Food Plastic Paper Glass Metal E-waste Garden Dangerous Waste wood Construction other Yearly change -2% +4% +5% -4% +2% +4% -3% Keywords: energy; food; msw; recovery; road; scenarios; waste
• cet-14362 by None (None) - Key challenges include tracing material reuse and involving multiple stakeholders in circular supply chains. Huang et al. (2022) highlighted the significance of blockchain and IoT in creating sustainable circular supply chains. Keywords: blockchain; economy; iot; logistics; management; reverse; supply; supply chain; sustainability; waste
• cet-14379 by None (None) - The Ministry of Innovation and Technology (2021) already draws attention to the fact that the preparation, reprocessing, and utilisation of construction waste for road and other construction is not yet a widespread solution in the country, and its current utilisation is estimated around 30-40 %. The European Commission (2018) has developed a structured plan for the management of construction waste to ensure maximum reuse and recycling. Keywords: cdw; construction; demolition; economy; european; hungary; industry; management; materials; waste
• cet-14432 by None (None) - In detail, the feasibility of upcycling silk waste was investigated and paper products containing silk fibers were formulated to realize worthy substitutes for plastic materials. In detail, silk fibers were added to the cellulosic matrix to obtain non-conventional sheets. Keywords: cellulose; fibers; figure; materials; paper; pretreatment; sheet; silk; waste
• cet-14464 by None (None) - However, cheese whey has not been investigated as a single process or under a biorefinery scheme. Therefore, this work presents a biorefinery design for cheese whey using a biological process, such as BSFL (Figure 1). Keywords: biorefinery; bsfl; cheese; larvae; products; treatment; waste; whey
• cet-14481 by None (None) - The percentage of organic solid waste reduction with BSF larvae is between 60-68% (%DM) Introduction The demographic, economic and industrial expansion of recent times is related to the generation of solid waste, since its origin from households, industries and constructions is increasing (Niu et al., 2023; Shah et al., 2023). Keywords: et al; frass; larvae; r c; reduction; waste
• cet-14485 by None (None) - It can be postulated that biomass wastes properly treated with pyrolysis can not only be recycled but also upgraded. Therefore, one of the main challenges for scientists nowadays is to provide the chemical industry with new tools to upgrade waste biomasses. Keywords: biochars; biomass; catalysts; high; hydrogenation; metal; pyrolysis; support; surface; waste
• cet-14710 by None (None) - This study aimed to evaluate occupational safety in the management of PET plastic waste at Lot 57, analyze the economic losses due to poor segregation, and propose improvements to optimize waste management, thereby reducing costs and minimizing environmental impact. The total amount of non-hazardous recyclable waste generated by the new world operational base camp lot 57 during 2017, 2018 and until March 2019 of PET plastic waste 60 tons. Keywords: camp; cost; disposal; management; pet; plastic; safety; solid; waste
• cet-14721 by None (None) - Both glycine concentration and pH have a negative effect on cyanide concentration. Figure 4: Cyanide production and pH profile at different times and glycine concentration. Keywords: concentration; cyanide; pcb; waste
• cet-1474 by None (None) - Food waste is a potential feedstock for biogas generation. It is concluded that approximately 60 Mm3 of CH4, which is equivalent to 16.3 MW electricity can be produced yearly based on food waste generated on year 2010. Keywords: biogas; electricity; energy; food; malaysia; management; msw; waste
• cet-14777 by None (None) - Different bioactivators have been studied and analyzed. Odour emissions from MSW management are among the main negative pressures perceived by the population. Keywords: bioactivator; collection; containers; emissions; experimental; odour; ofmsw; waste
• cet-14778 by None (None) - However, these samplings techniques are related to possible over estimation or under estimation of odour emissions (Oliva et al., 2021). These tools are also not adequate for the exhaustive characterization of odour emissions from landfill, especially in post- management phase (Naddeo et al., 2016). Keywords: biogas; characterization; emissions; landfill; management; odour; points; waste
• cet-14805 by None (None) - Kumar et al. (2021) researched to increase production by building a Double Screw Extrusion Machine for PET plastic waste recycling, that produced encouraging outcomes in terms of melt yield for filament applications. Raji et al. (2020) developed a shredder machine with a new blade design to accommodate an average of 50 kg of waste plastic for processing. Keywords: energy; engineering; extrusion; machine; materials; pet; plastic; recycling; screw; shredder; shredding; waste
• cet-1484 by None (None) - The long-term goal is to establish a decision framework for the application of MI based on different composting materials. A decision framework is required for the effective application of MI for different composting scenarios. Keywords: composting; content; effect; effectiveness; materials; microbial; msw; waste
• cet-14981 by None (None) - Scenarios 3 and 4 increase the proportion of incineration, aligning with Chinese policy directives, with waste incineration and composting ratios set at 65:35 and 80:20, respectively. Various MSW treatment scenarios are assessed by alternating the configuration of sanitary landfills, incineration, and composting. Keywords: beijing; china; composting; emissions; ghg; incineration; management; msw; removal; treatment; waste; 𝐼𝑛𝑐𝑖𝑛𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛; 𝐿𝑎𝑛𝑑𝑓𝑖𝑙𝑙
• cet-14992 by None (None) - The results show that, after China’s waste import ban, total exports of plastic waste fell by around 56 %, with Southeast Asia (44 %) and Turkey (31 %) emerging as new destinations for plastic waste exports. In addition, INTERPOL has discovered various cases of illegal practices regarding plastic waste exports. Keywords: ban; china; countries; export; plastic; trade; waste
• cet-15029 by None (None) - On the other hand, conscious people who demonstrate a strong commitment to reducing household food waste and actively participate in efforts to promote recycling and sustainability make a meaningful impact on reducing food waste in their communities. The issue of food waste is a significant global challenge that is closely linked to the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Keywords: awareness; doi; food; food waste; hungarian; initiatives; ngos; reduction; research; study; waste
• cet-15035 by None (None) - The PLA/mustard waste biocomposite exhibited a tensile strength of 34±2 MPa, which is considerably lower than what has been reported for neat PLA in the literature (~50 MPa) Figure 1 shows the tensile strength and Young’s modulus of PLA/mustard waste biocomposites filled with various amounts of PLA- g-MA. Keywords: composites; flexural; modulus; mustard; pla; properties; strength; waste; wt.%
• cet-15045 by None (None) - This software tool was utilised to construct and visualise bibliometric networks of primary keywords in the fields of compost leachate, biodegradable compostable plastic polymers, and the resulting microplastics. Compostable plastics form a subset of biodegradable plastics, which can only be broken down through industrial processes in specialised facilities for composting or anaerobic digestion. Keywords: bioplastics; cluster; commission; compost; european; leachate; management; microplastics; plastics; research; waste
• cet-15286 by None (None) - In addition, sensitivity analysis can identify critical parameters that significantly affect the performance of zeolite catalysts. The use of such catalysts significantly impacts the entire thermochemical recycling process. Keywords: activation; biomass; catalyst; degradation; energy; min; waste
• cet-15307 by None (None) - This experimental work investigates the effects of adding iron acetate to plastic solid waste prior to their pyrolysis and its role in the final properties of the produced pyro-char. Pyrolysis of four samples with different concentrations of iron acetate (0, 5, 10, and 20 % w/w dry basis) was carried at 25 °C min-1 heating rate to 600 °C holding temperature for 2 hours. Keywords: acetate; char; figure; iron; psw; pyrolysis; waste; yield
• cet-15318 by None (None) - Conclusions This study focuses on optimising biochar production from the co-pyrolysis of fish and pruning waste (30% FW: 70% PW) for agricultural applications as a soil amendment and composting additive. Biochar production from cellulose under reductant atmosphere: Influence of the total pyrolysis time. Keywords: biochar; fish; oil; pyrolysis; residence; uni; waste
• cet-15335 by None (None) - ~3 g of VA sample were added to a digestion solution consisting of 21 ml of 37% HCl, 7 ml of 65% HNO3 and Milli-Q water in a 50 ml vessel. 3.2 Protocol for VA management The proposed protocol, outlined as a flowchart in Figure 1, begins with the collection and temporary storage of VA following an eruption. Keywords: ash; elements; management; material; recovery; samples; soil; volcanic; waste
• cet-15364 by None (None) - 680 Table 1: The main results of TG analyses of rubber samples Without catalyst With catalyst S-1 S-2 S-3 S-4 S-5 S-1 S-2 S-3 S-4 S-5 1st step However, there was no significant difference among the syngas yield from different pre-treatment of rubber samples. Keywords: catalyst; gasification; s-1; s-2; s-3; s-4; s-5; steam; waste
• cet-15707 by None (None) - ISBN 979-12-81206-21-2; ISSN 2283-9216 Utilisation of Silicate-Containing Waste in the Production of High-Density Concrete Darya K. Anopa, Olga V. Rudenkoa, Marzhan A. Sadenovaa,*, Natalya A. Kulenovaa, Nail A. Beisekenovb, Gulmira A. Baizakovaa, Anastassiya O. Lutaya, Alexandra V. Kolesnikovaa, Aidana K. Alimbaevaa aD. Serikbayev East Kazakhstan Technical University, 19 Serikbayev Street, Ust-Kamenogorsk 070000, Kazakhstan bGraduate School of Science and Technology, Niigata University, Niigata 950-2181, Japan msadenova@edu.ektu.kz The recycling of glass waste is an increasingly important challenge, as glass constitutes a valuable secondary raw material. This study investigates the use of glass waste as a partial replacement for fine aggregate in heavyweight concrete production, offering a sustainable solution to both construction material demand and municipal waste management. Keywords: concrete; cullet; glass; increase; strength; waste
• cet-15746 by None (None) - Dolci G., Venturelli V., Catenacci A., Ciapponi R., Malpei F., Turri S.E.R., Grosso M., 2022, Evaluation of the anaerobic degradation of food waste collection bags made of paper or bioplastic. Under the Waste Framework Directive, selective collection of bio-waste became mandatory by 31 December 2023, leading to the widespread introduction of collection liners and tools – typically biodegradable plastics, paper bags, or reusable containers – to support logistics and hygiene during household collection. Keywords: anaerobic; bags; biogas; collection; digestion; kitchen; methane; paper; plastic; waste; yields
• Recycling of ELV Waste Plastics by One-Stage and a Two- Stage Thermo-Catalytic Pyrolysis by Soja, J.; Miskolczi, N. (2017) - Pyrolysis oil was measured by GC, HPLC or even FTIR. Because of to increase the yields of volatiles and affect the composition of gases and pyrolysis oil, different catalysts were used: H/ZSM-5, Fe(III)/ZSM-5, Ni/ZSM-5 and Cu/ZSM-5. Keywords: catalyst; oil; pyrolysis; reactor; stage; waste; wt%
• Study on Hydroxyl Radical Scavenging Ability of Fermented Kelp Waste by Zhuang, Y.; Yan, P.S. (2016) - The optimization of the conditions for Cantharellus sp. fermentation shows more growth rate of the solid kelp waste fermentation system, and more potential comprehensive utilization of kelp waste. Results and discussion 3.1 Fermentation of Cantharellus sp. on kelp waste medium As is shown in Figure 1, Cantharellus sp. could grow on the solid medium mainly composed of kelp waste. Keywords: cantharellus; hydroxyl; kelp; scavenging; waste
• Use of MSWI Fly Ash for the Production of Lightweight Artificial Aggregate by Means of Innovative Cold Bonding Pelletization Technique. Chemical and Morphological Characterization by Colangelo, F.; Farina, I.; Penna, R.; Feo, L.; Fraternali, F.; Cioffi, R. (2017) - Accelerated curing effects on the mechanical performance of cold bonded and sintered fly ash aggregate concrete. The specific treatment of industrial solid wastes plays a key role in order to favor a safer disposal and maximize the efficiency of possible recycling processes (Singh et al.2017). Keywords: aggregates; artificial; ash; fly; pelletization; step; waste
• Fuels from Natural Fatty Acid Esters by Varga, Geza; Eller, Zoltan; Hollo, Andras; Hancsok, Jeno (2018) - Pfister K. F., Baader S., Baader M., Berndt S., Goossen L.J.G., 2017, Biofuel by isomerizing metathesis of rapeseed oil esters with (bio)ethylene for use in contemporary diesel engines, Science Advances, 3, 1-7. The obtained product yield approached the theoretical yield – FAME: 85 – 86 %, isoparaffin mixture: 84 – 86 % - in case of 30 % pre-treated waste lard containing rapeseed oil feedstock. Keywords: acid; content; fatty; fuel; lard; oil; rapeseed; ratio; waste
• cet-7221 by None (None) - 2E-3 <3E-2 <7.2E-3 1.4E-2 NH3 6.1E-3 2.3E-3 N.A N.A N.A N.A N.A N.A N.A N.A TOC 1.59 3.63 N.A N.A N.A N.A N.A N.A N.A N.A To assess the environmental advantages and disadvantages as well as the potential environmental impacts of waste incineration a life cycle perspective is required. Keywords: european; gases; incineration; msw; n.a; n.a n.a; portugal; spain; waste
• cet-9561 by None (None) - TGA tests revealed that volatile content from Org MSW and RDF begin to be emitted at temperatures above 180-200 °C. Org MSW and RDF lose all their volatile contents at 500 °C and 700 °C. Keywords: astana; coal; gasification; msw; org; pyrolysis; samples; waste
• cet-9566 by None (None) - Similarly, biochar production from faecal wastes presents a clean and renewable alternative approachfor creating value from faecal waste. Furthermore, at p=0.00, knowledge of faecal waste reuse expressed by respondents strongly associated with their choice of faecal waste emptying method. Keywords: emptying; households; management; nigeria; ogun; respondents; reuse; sanitation; sludge; study; waste

• cet-10844 by None (None) - Powder is the powder derived from the Alga, Haematococcus pluvialis, Stephanosphaeraceae Antioxidant unavailable Dunaliella salina/Haematococcus pluvialis Extract Dunaliella Salina/Haematococcus pluvialis Extract is the extract of the alga, Dunaliella salina and Haematococcus pluvialis Antioxidant Skin protecting 272 The aim of this work was to evaluate the economic feasibility of a natural astaxanthin production based on the cultivation of Haematococcus pluvialis microalgae and the subsequent antioxidant extraction via supercritical CO2 utilization. Natural astaxanthin production via Haematococcus pluvialis microalgae cultivation, dewatering,biomass drying and pretreatment, pigment extraction and carbon dioxide recovery and recycle. Keywords: astaxanthin; biomass; cosmetic; extraction; haematococcus; haematococcus pluvialis; microalgae; pluvialis
• cet-10845 by None (None) - The mechanical pretreatment which allows to perform cell disruption, should affect the process economy to a lesser extent, i.e. 0.56%, since the energy demand for this operation is estimated to be in the range of 1-2 kWh/day (0.5-1.0 kg/day of dry biomass to treat).The projected cost for growth phase plant, mainly depending on the use of light irradiation source required for the correct microalgae survival and growth,should contribute for ~7.13% and nutrients for around 1.29%. The supercritical CO2 extractionhas underlined a product composed by 78.9 wt% of proteins and 13.1wt % of lipids, while the rest (about 8%)has been constitutedbycarbohydrated, TDF and ashes. Keywords: biomass; dha; epa; extraction; growth; microalgae; oil; regulation
• Integrated GIS-AHP Optimization for Bioethanol from Oil Palm Biomass Supply Chain Network Design by Razak, Nurul Hanim; Hashim, Haslenda; Yunus, Nor Alafiza; Klemeš, Jirí Jaromír (2021) - 1. Introduction Second-generation bioethanol, an advanced biofuel can be produced from renewable biologic wastes such as oil palm biomass. Bioethanol from oil palm biomass is one of the oxygenates blended to diesel to limit the diesel drawbacks such as mitigating emissions of hazardous materials including nitrogen dioxide (NOx), sulphur oxide (SOx), hydrocarbons (HC) containing aromatics likes pyrene, toluene, and benzene, carbon monoxide (CO), and particulate matter (PM) (Yilmaz et al., 2018). Keywords: bioethanol; biomass; biorefinery; chain; cost; design; network; oil; opf; palm; supply
• cet-12542 by None (None) - the biomass-related (due to 𝑌𝑥𝑠(𝑡)) glucose consumption rate for biomass kinetics properties, there is one more missing term (denoted as 𝜎𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑡𝑒𝑠(𝑡)) in the balance of glucose concentration rate. A similar relationship involving the respiratory quotient served for kinetics equations by Lyubenova et al., 2020, pages 7-8. 2.2 Glucose consumption rate To better understand the secondary effect of OUR relative to the soluble contents that do not directly participate in biomass kinetics properties, the balance definition for glucose consumption rate is necessary. Keywords: biomass; consumption; glucose; growth; rate
• cet-12548 by None (None) - The content of lipids is highest in the sample constituted by the only microalga Chlorella sp Pozzillo grown in sewage (31,66%±3,37), followed by the 19,41%±0,40 of the consortium of Chlorella sp. and AS and the 18,50%±2,72 of AS. From Figure 1 it is possible to observe that Chlorella sp Pozzillo was able to growth in sewage and has a strong signal both through absorbance and fluorescence signals. Keywords: biomass; chlorella; microalgae; pozzillo; sewage; sludge; total
• cet-12555 by None (None) - Conclusions This work shows how heterotrophic microalgae cultivation can be effectively conducted even without sterilization and aseptic procedures due to decoupled nutrient feeding. It is possible to reach higher cell densities and to use traditional fermenters for microalgae cultivation by using heterotrophic cultivation, which does not require CO2 (unlike photoautotrophic cultivation). Keywords: biomass; cultivation; fermenter; glucose; growth; microalgae; nitrogen; technique
• cet-12819 by None (None) - Wood chip heaps are very often not only heterogeneous from each other, but even a single heap is heterogeneous on its surface. This experimental work focuses on the characterization of odorous emission from wood chips storage, since similar studies are not available in literature. Keywords: biomass; concentration; forest; heap; odour; smoking; storage; time; wood
• cet-12893 by None (None) - Synthetic ash #1 Synthetic ash #2 Synthetic ash #3 mol% wt% mol% wt% mol% wt% SiO2 56 46 60 55 66 64 K2O 40 51 20 28 8 12 CaO 4 3 20 17 26 24 Figure 1: (a) calculation of viscosity and liquidus boundary at 1200 °C, and (b) change of calculated viscosity of synthetic ash #1, #2 and #3 at 900-1500C. 3.2 Sintering of synthetic ash Figure 2(a) shows a synthetic ash pellet collected after premelting treatment. One main objective of proposing synthetic ash compositions and link composition values is to enhance the practical implication of theoretical viscosity prediction. Keywords: ash; ashes; biomass; flow; gasification; slag; viscosity
• cet-13051 by None (None) - Catalytic dehydration of glucose Some preliminary runs were carried out to optimize the experimental conditions, concluding that the reaction should be carried out at 180°C for 1 h in the presence of 24 mL of 2.3 mM of glucose aqueous solution containing 1 g L-1 of Nb2O5 catalyst. The use of microalgae as biomass has several advantages as they grow faster than terrestrial plants, even in non-arable land and in wastewater, leading to its remediation (Lima et al., 2020). Keywords: biomass; furans; glucose; hmf; nb2o5; presence; reaction
• cet-13087 by None (None) - Brachi P., 2016a, Fluidized bed torrefaction of agro-industrial residues: the case study of residues from Campania region. The following assumptions hold: - torrefaction occurs in fluidized bed reactor of inert sand particles with a continuous feed of both inert gas, i.e., CO2, and biomass; - the bed aspect ratio is the same as in the study by of Brachi et al. (2016b): HLF/DBED =1.7; - the mass fraction of tomato peels in the biomass-sand binary bed is taken as XTP = 9% wt. since, according to Brachi et al. (2017), beyond this value the fluidization pattern deteriorates; - the mass yield MY is taken as the performance index of the torrefaction treatment; - a reference condition is taken for torrefaction after the work of Brachi et al. (2016b): a torrefaction temperature T = 240 °C and a torrefaction time τ = 5 min, in an inert atmosphere; - the torrefaction of tomato peels as a function of temperature and time is accounted for using the experimental correlation by Brachi et al. (2016a): 50 𝑀𝑌 Keywords: bed; biomass; loop; peels; reactor; seal; solids; time; tomato; torrefaction
• cet-13503 by None (None) - Salicornia herbacea L. extracts have been described to exhibit anti-inflammatory activities. Therefore, these initial results indicate that the formulation of cream cheese products with the addition of S. europaea biomass can be achieved. Keywords: activity; biomass; cheese; cream; denaturation; europaea; products
• Effects of Compressing Pressure on Briquettes Made from Woody Biomass by Cavallo, E.; Pampuro, N. (2017) - The study focused on the energetic demand required by the briquettes production and on briquettes density and durability, being the properties that mostly affect briquettes quality during handling, transportation and storage. The ANOVA showed significant effect (p<0.05) on briquette bulk density of the five levels of pressure applied during the experimental pelletizing process (20, 30, 50, 80 and 110 MPa). Keywords: biomass; briquettes; compression; density; durability; energy; pressure
• Agronomic Evaluation of Ethiopian Mustard (brassica Carinata A. Braun) Germplasm and Physical-energy Characterization of Crop Residues in a Semi-arid Area of Sicily (italy) by Licata, M.; La Bella, S.; Leto, C.; Bonsangue, G.; Gennaro, M.C.; Tuttolomondo, T. (2017) - Scarlat N., Martinov M., Dallemand J.F., 2010, Assessment of the availability of agricultural crop residues in the European Union: potential and limitations for bioenergy use, Waste Manag. 30(10), 1889-1897. Sunflower stalks 17.71 8.31 10.40 Rapeseed straw 17.78 7.51 9.12 Ethiopian mustard straw 18.53 5.50 7.90 Cardoon straw 17.84 8.11 8.30 The ash content values of Brassica carinata residues were found to be similar to reference values. Keywords: agricultural; biomass; brassica; carinata; content; crop; energy; pellet; residues
• cet-13705 by None (None) - https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-323-85591-4.00030-1 Ahmad, M. S., Klemeš, J. J., Alhumade, H., Elkamel, A., Mahmood, A., Shen, B., Ibrahim, M., Mukhtar, A., Saqib, S., Asif, S., & Bokhari, A., 2021, Thermo-kinetic study to elucidate the bioenergy potential of Maple Leaf Waste (MLW) by pyrolysis, TGA and kinetic modelling, Fuel, 293, 120349. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2021.120349 Ahmad, M. S., Mehmood, M. A., Al Ayed, O. S., Ye, G., Luo, H., Ibrahim, M., Rashid, U., Arbi Nehdi, I., & Qadir, G., 2017, Kinetic analyses and pyrolytic behavior of Para grass (Urochloa mutica) for its bioenergy potential, Bioresource Technology, 224, 708-713. Keywords: biomass; content; energy; et al; ficus; index; pruning; tree; wt.%
• cet-13709 by None (None) - No ignition 18 - - - Raw (7) 180 10 Ignition 19 - - - Raw (7) 170 10 No ignition 20 - - - Raw (7) 220 2.5 Ignition 21 - - - Raw (7) 210 2.5 No ignition 22 - - - Raw (7) 170 15 Ignition 3.3 Thermal stability: influences of biomass size, temperature and basket size Preliminary tests to identify cross-influences of powder/pellets size, temperature and basket size on the thermal stability of biomass storage facilities were first performed by introducing the samples into the cold oven. Figure 3: Determination of the activation energy according to Flynn-Ozawa-Wall method Table 1: Results of thermal stability tests; coded variables Test Coded variables Real variables Results Number x1 x2 x3 Fuel size (mm) T(°C) Bask. size(cm) Ignit. / tcp (min) 1 0 0 0 Medium (5) 300 10 68.7 2 0 0 0 Medium (5) 300 10 62.5 3 0 0 0 Medium (5) 300 10 70.4 4 0.5 0.866 0 Raw (7) 400 10 93.2 5 1 0 0 Keywords: basket; biomass; heating; oxygen; pellets; self; size; stability; tests
• cet-13738 by None (None) - Percentage of EBT dye removal (A) and amount of EBT dye absorbed (B) as a function of pH and agitation speed. Table 2: Analysis of variance (ANOVA) for EBT dye removal and dye absorption (Qe) as a function of pH and agitation speed. Keywords: agitation; aspergillus; biomass; biosorption; black; dye; dyes; ebt; ebt dye; et al; niger; removal
• cet-13774 by None (None) - As at the time of carrying out this work, no known investigation has been carried out on the gasification of distillery draff. The relatively high percentage of oxygen in distillery draff (compared to the biomass residues previously investigated by Andrews 213 et al. (2019)) is due to the presence of ethanol and other organic compounds in draff. Keywords: air; biomass; distillery; draff; figure; gasification; mass; ratio; sample; stage
• cet-14442 by None (None) - This research aimed to contribute valuable insights for implementing efficient and sustainable processes in green biorefineries to maximize protein yields from fresh biomass. The authors acknowledge the financial support from GO-GRASS (European Union’s Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation program, grant agreement No 862674), and Græs-Prof – Value creation with grass protein (GUDP Danish National funding, grant agreement Keywords: biomass; biorefinery; cutting; harvest; lpc; processing; protein; time
• cet-14478 by None (None) - Ariede, M. B., Candido, T. M., Jacome, A. L. M., Velasco, M. V. R., de Carvalho, J. C. M., & Baby, A. R., 2017, Cosmetic attributes of algae - A review, Algal Research, 25, 483-487. Huang, J. J., Bunjamin, G., Teo, E. S., Ng, D. B., & Lee, Y. K., 2016, An enclosed rotating floating photobioreactor (RFP) powered by flowing water for mass cultivation of photosynthetic microalgae, Biotechnology for Biofuels, 9, 1-18. Keywords: biomass; chlorella; culture; growth; light; microalgae; sunscreen; vulgaris
• cet-14494 by None (None) - Indeed, the study of processes having the purpose of converting the residues from the above-mentioned transformations into advanced biofuels (biomethane) and agricultural products (e.g. soil improver and bio-stimulants) are also included in the project’s scope. In addition, other products considered are lignin-based biomaterials, biomethane, and biochar. Keywords: agro; biomass; biorefinery; chains; industrial; italy; products; project; supply; tomato; wine
• cet-14792 by None (None) - The comprehensive analysis underscores the exceptional versatility and superior performance of the Modified Midilli I model across assessed CPH drying modes. The study also develops drying modelling utilizing thin drying models by analyzing moisture ratio. Keywords: biomass; content; cph; dryer; drying; hybrid; mode; moisture; solar
• cet-1483 by None (None) - In addition, at low catalyst weight loading sample, RH-2 (1:0.05), the mass loss of hemicellulose and cellulose start to decreases to 48.00 % from 48.67 % (RH- 1). 2.3 Pyrolysis experimental procedure TGA was used to investigate the weight loss of catalytic rice husk and the evolution of pyrolysis vapour simultaneously. Keywords: biomass; catalyst; husk; loading; phase; pyrolysis; rice; rice husk; samples; weight
• cet-15283 by None (None) - C. vulgaris growth and pH evolution, (A) in BBM+C, (B) in PM. Table 2: Results of the remediation of potato wastewater medium by C. vulgaris. Keywords: biomass; chlorella; growth; medium; microalgae; vulgaris; wastewater
• cet-15291 by None (None) - At the end of the growth phase, when the stationary one took place, the intracellular concentration of iron, evaluated through proper analyses and mass balances (data not shown) was lower than the minimum iron cell quota for C. vulgaris growth according to the literature (Concas et al., 2021). Eqs (1) to (3) derive from the application of the well-known Droop model to the concerned system (Concas et al., 2021) while Eq. Keywords: biomass; growth; mars
• cet-15294 by None (None) - Control culture (5 g L-1) reached a pH of 9.75 at stationary phase, while at higher bicarbonate concentrations the final value established at 9.47. 3. Results and Discussion 3.1 Effect of bicarbonate concentration on microalgae growth Three different concentrations of sodium bicarbonate (1, 2.5 and 5 g L-1) were supplied at the beginning of the batch growth to investigate how performances of the selected strains were affected. Keywords: batch; bicarbonate; biomass; concentration; cultivation; growth; l-1
• cet-15615 by None (None) - The dataset includes physicochemical properties of the biomass, key pyrolysis operating conditions, and bio-liquid yield. This is well shown by analysis of PDP plots, where some inconsistencies with known trends emerge when assessing the influence of selected variables on bio-liquid yield. Keywords: bio; biomass; energy; learning; machine; oil; pyrolysis; yield
• cet-15686 by None (None) - Magyarová, Z., Králik, M., Soták, T., 2023, Utilization of zeolite catalysts in biomass exploitation: a mini review. An analysis of the review articles published to date shows that zeolite- based catalysts demonstrate outstanding potential for future industrial applications in biomass processing due to their unique BAS/LAS ratio (Bronsted acid sites /Lewis acid sites) and multifunctional active centres (Li et al., 2022b). Keywords: acid; biomass; cascade; catalysts; conversion; et al; nanoparticles; ratio; reactions; selectivity; size; zeolites
• cet-15700 by None (None) - Among the various PBR types, bubble column photobioreactors (BCPBRs) have gained attention due to their simple design, low operational cost, efficient gas exchange, and relatively high mass transfer rates (Penloglou et al., 2024). 3.4 Determination of % yield of the microalgae inside the Bubble Column PBR The percent yield of Chlorella vulgaris biomass was determined using the initial and peak cell densities of 6.4 × 10⁵ cells/mL and 5.95 × 10⁶ cells/mL, respectively, resulting in a calculated biomass yield of approximately 930 %. Keywords: biomass; bubble; chlorella; column; cultivation; growth; microalgae; nutrient; pbr; photobioreactor; scale; vulgaris
• Feasibility Study of Napier Grass and Oil Palm Frond Blend Pellets for Syngas Production by Tan, H.B.; Ghani, W.A.W.A.K.; Hussian, S.A.; Ng, D.K.S. (2017) - Material and Methodology 2.1 Feedstock preparation The gasification experimental study has been carried out using fuel blends (NG-OPF), pure NG and pure OPF. NG and OPF biomass obtained and provided by Crops for the Future Research Centre (CFFRC). Basu P., 2006, Combustion and gasification in fluidized beds, CRC press, Boca Raton, Florida, United Sates. 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 D ry p ro du ct g as H H V (M J/ N m 3 ) NG NG: OPF 25: 75 NG: OPF 50:50 NG: OPF 75: 25 OPF 0 20 40 60 80 100 C ar bo n co nv er si on ef fic ie cn y (% ) NG NG: OPF 25: 75 NG: OPF 50: 50 NG: OPF 75:25 OPF 1673 Cao Y., Wang Y., Riley J.T., Pan W.P., 2006, A novel biomass air gasification process for producing tar-free higher heating value fuel gas, Fuel Processing Technology 87 (4), 343-353. Keywords: biomass; blending; effect; energy; gasification; malaysia; oil; opf; palm; ratio; value
• Application of Scenedesmus obliquus in the Treatment of a Real Wastewater by Bosco, F.; Mollea, C.; Marmo, L. (2018) - The obtained values clearly show the inhibition effect of the higher NaHCO3 concentrations (75 and 100 mM) on S. obliquus growth. 3. Results and Discussion 3.1 Flask tests with PP modified medium Keywords: biomass; concentration; growth; medium; obliquus; rww
• Co-Pyrolysis of Pre-Treated Biomass and Wastes to Produce Added Value Liquid Compounds by Pinto, F.; Paradela, F.; Carvalheiro, F.; Duarte, L.; Costa, P.; Andre, R. (2018) - However, the use of pre-treated biomass led to higher liquid yields and to lower solids than the values obtained with untreated eucalyptus. Figure 2 also shows that pre-treated biomass led to lower gas yields than untreated eucalyptus. Keywords: biomass; compounds; eucalyptus; liquid; pre; products; pyrolysis; wastes
• Integrated Design for Biomass Compression Molding Machine Based on CAD Technology by Huazhou, Liu; Yanhong, Shi (2018) - Biomass energy is the fourth largest energy source after oil, coal and natural gas. In 1992, after the World Conference on Environment and Development, European and American countries began to vigorously develop biomass energy. Keywords: biomass; china; die; energy; fatigue; fuel; granulator; mode; molding; press; roller
• The Structural Analysis of the Lignocellulose, Champaca Timber (Elmerrilliaovalis) Modified by the Microwave by Sangian, H.F.; Pangau, J.R.; Tamuntuan, G.H.; Zulnazri, Z. (2018) - The present work is to modify the biomass structure before hydrolyzing using microwave pretreatment. Even though it did not use liquid agents dissolving lignin, microwave pretreatment was 232 effective to modify the structure of lignocellulosic crystal. Keywords: acetylcellulose; biomass; cellulose; lignin; microwave; pretreatment; solid; substrate; surface
• Influence of the Catalyst Support on the Steam Reforming Performance of Toluene as Tar Model Compound by Bracciale, M.P.; De Caprariis, B.; Bassano, C.; De Filippis, P.; Deiana, P.; Hernandez, A.D.; Scarsella, M. (2018) - The obtained results indicate that Ni /mayenite catalyst needs higher temperature to activate and leads to lower value of toluene conversion with respect to Ni / alumina. The tests were performed in a fixed bed reactor with steam to carbon ratio ranging from 5, typical for steam reforming of naphtha, and 1 in order to simulate the typical conditions of a pyrolysis reactor where usually water and tar have a 1:1 ratio. Keywords: biomass; catalyst; mayenite; reforming; steam; tar
• The Influence of Torrefaction on the Combustion Behavior of Selected Agricultural and Waste-Derived Solid Biomass Fuels by Sommersacher, P.; Kienzl, N.; Evic, N.; Hochenauer, C. (2018) - This means that higher aerosol emissions have to be expected for torrefied fuels. The test results also indicate higher bed temperatures for torrefied fuels during char burnout. Keywords: aerosol; ash; biomass; combustion; emissions; fuels; scl
• Fatty Acid Composition and Technological Quality of the Lipids Produced by the Microalga Scenedesmus dimorphus 1237 as a Function of Culturing Conditions by Cicci, A.; Bravi, M. (2016) - First, a neutral lipid extraction was carried out by adopting hexane as the solvent; thereafter, polar lipids were extracted by a 2:1 mixture of dichloromethane and methanol. The nature of solvents and the extraction sequence, first hexane and then dichloromethane - methanol (DM - M), entails that the hexane fraction mostly contains neutral lipids, that is triacylglycerides, while the DM - M fraction mostly contains polar lipids, such as phospholipids, glycolipids and sterols, that compose cell membranes. Keywords: acid; biodiesel; biomass; culture; fatty; growth; lipids; microalgae; nitrogen
• cet-3084 by None (None) - On the other hand, the mixotrophic cultivation is more costly, but allows to attain relatively high lipid yields and biomass productivity (Liang et al., 2009). As expected, under mixotrophic conditions, biomass productivity is generally higher than under autotrophic conditions, in some cases more 190 than double when compared with the values obtained under autotrophic conditions, as also verified both for C. vulgaris (Liang et al., 2009) and A. platensis (Vonshak et al., 1988). Keywords: biomass; conditions; growth; lipid; microalgae; platensis; salinity; stress; vulgaris; x10
• cet-3730 by None (None) - Figure 4: Feasible structure #1b with cutover residues included for boiler fuel 5. P-graph methodology for biomass processing process synthesis As noted previously there was very little profit differential between solutions in region 1 and all six profitable products were present within this region. Delivered biomass feedstock costs are often highly non-linear due to biomass source quantity and distance from the mill. Keywords: biomass; cost; fuel; graph; kraft; processing; products; pulp; residues; wood
• cet-5715 by None (None) - The catalytic reaction was performed in a bench-scale trickle-bed reactor with concurrent downflow of bio-oil and hydrogen. Bae Y.J., Ryu C., Jeon J.-K., Park J., Suh D.J., Suh Y.-W., Chang D., Park Y.-K., 2011, The characteristics of bio-oil produced from the pyrolysis of three marine macroalgae, Bioresour. Keywords: bed; bio; biomass; char; hdo; japonica; oil; pyrolysis
• cet-5716 by None (None) - The oil was rich in hydrocarbon and thus termed as catalytic pyrolysis oils which can be used as fuel. Catalytic pyrolysis oils were characterized by using some spectroscopic techniques such as FTIR, 1H NMR and elemental analysis and obtained results compared with non-catalytic pyrolysis oil. Keywords: biomass; catalyst; content; fuel; oil; oils; oxygen; pyrolysis; ratio; seed; yield
• cet-5720 by None (None) - Biomass gasification with air in downdraft gasifiers coupled to an internal combustion engine is one of the most common small scale applications due to the low tar content of the syngas and high fuel conversion. This condition should be avoided since it may lead to a low-quality syngas (low heating value), blockage of the biomass loading system, and low biomass conversion. Keywords: bed; biomass; drop; gasification; gasifier; plant; pressure; size; syngas; tests
• Pseudomonas Stutzeri NT-I: Optimal Conditions for Growth and Selenate Reduction by Brink, Hendrik G.; Wessels, Charlotte E.; Chirwa, Evans M. N. (2018) - The decrease in growth rate at selenium concentrations above 5 mM is likely a result of the toxicity of selenium at elevated concentrations. Materials and methods The optimisation experiments were limited to 1 g/L – 6 g/L glucose, temperature range 20 °C – 45 °C, pH 6 – 9, salinities 5 g/L – 20 g/L NaCl, and background selenium concentrations of 0 – 5 mM. Keywords: biomass; concentration; conditions; experiments; growth; reduction; selenate; selenium; stutzeri
• cet-7214 by None (None) - 3.3 Effect of pH on metal adsorption The pH of solution is an important parameter affecting metal adsorption by algal biomass. Langmuir adsorption isotherm is a widespread-used model for describing metal adsorption to a sorbent. Keywords: adsorption; biomass; fe(iii; ions; metal; ni(ii; pb(ii
• cet-7328 by None (None) - Influence of the factors studied in metal biosorption. The effect of dosage is relatively significant in cadmium biosorption, as can be seen in Table 3. Keywords: biomass; biosorption; factors; lead; metal
• cet-9557 by None (None) - Consequently, the high acidity of HZSM-5 catalyst could promote the formation of coke that deactivates the catalyst and reduce the selectivity of hydrocarbons in pyrolysis oil. Similarly, Vichaphund et al. (2014) claimed that the impregnation of nickel on HZSM-5 had significantly improved the selectivity of hydrocarbons in pyrolysis oil than HZSM-5 catalyst. Keywords: biomass; catalyst; hydrocarbons; hzsm-5; mass; oil; pyrolysis; ratio; wt%; yield

• cet-10201 by None (None) - For instance, some of them need risk assessment tools to support short-term tactical planning, whereas others need them for long-term strategic planning. Knowledge-based marine conservation in oil spill risk management. Keywords: assessment; management; maritime; oil; openrisk; project; questions; risk; sea; toolbox; tools
• Anoxic Bioremediation of Oil Contaminated Coastal Sediment by Wang, Shuaijie; Gao, Xueqin; Liu, Ying; Qin, Lu; Guan, Yao (2017) - Figure 2: Effect of nutrients on the anoxic degradation of No.0 diesel oil in coastal sediment 3.3 Effect of electron acceptors on diesel oil degradation Two kinds of electron acceptors, sulfate ion and nitrate ion, were added respectively to investigate their influence on the anoxic biodegradation of No. 0 diesel oil in Bohai coastal sediment and the results were shown in Figure 3. Figure 3: Effects of electron acceptors on the anoxic degradation of No. 0 diesel oil in coastal sediment 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 IB IB+N O il re m ov al r at io (% ) time(d) 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 IB+EAS IB IB+EAN O il re m ov al r at io (% ) time(d) 1336 3.4 Effect of oil-degradaing strains on diesel oil degradation Three oil-degrading strains named B1, B2 and B3 were domesticated and isolated from the coastal sediment. Keywords: adsorption; biodegradation; degradation; diesel; electron; nitrate; oil; sediment
• Organic Liquid Products from Cracking of Used Cooking Oils with Commercial Catalysts by Onlamnao, Khajornsak; Tippayawong, Nakorn (2020) - Used cooking oils are one of the major wastes from food processing in Thailand. This study focused on catalytic cracking of used cooking oils over two commercial (Z and Y zeolite) catalysts to generate light organic liquid products. Keywords: catalysts; cooking; cracking; oil; oils; re-16; reactor; tippayawong
• cet-11939 by None (None) - The palm oil products generated from oil palm are widely used in our daily life, contributing from food processing, personal care and hygiene sectors as well as the biofuel industry. However, the reputation of oil palm has been declining as it was accused for causing environmental and social problems, such as deforestation, workers exploitation. Keywords: chain; entity; ffb; oil; palm; supply; traceability
• cet-12232 by None (None) - In some cases, Escape, Evacuation and Rescue Analysis (EERA) are conducted in design phase in order to confirm that the designed escape and evacuation facilities are enough safe for operator escape and evacuation. • If the barricade is well planned, there is no big difference for operator escape. Keywords: escape; facility; floor; oil; operator; simulation
• cet-13050 by None (None) - As established in literature, liquid and gas yields were barely affected by HTC temperature (Volpe M. et al., 2021). Leme, M. M. V., Venturini, O. J., Lora, E. E. S., Rocha, M. H., Luz, F. C., De Almeida, W., De Moura, D. C. & De Moura, L. F. 2018. Keywords: bio; htc; mass; oil; yield
• cet-13146 by None (None) - Ozone treatment shows a slight defoaming capacity for the leachate feed but don’t seem to show a significant difference in the HHV of the crude-oils obtained from liquid surfactant. 2.2.2 Hydrothermal liquefaction An Autoclave Engineers' stirred batch reactor (300 ml) was used for HTL treatment. Keywords: crude; feed; htl; hydrothermal; leachate; oil; ozonation; ozone; pre; treatment
• Influence of O2 on Extra Virgin Olive Oil Fatty Acids Composition during Malaxation by Catania, P.; Febo, P.; Vallone, M.; De Pasquale, C. (2017) - Youssef et al. (2013) studied the effect of malaxation time on fatty acid composition, announcing that the highest 8-Octadecenoic acid values were obtained in malaxation time of 15 min (67.57) and 30 min (67.89). The results have demonstrated a significant influence of oxygen on fatty acid composition through the implementation of a system which improves an electronic management and control of the oxygen in the headspace of the malaxer. Keywords: acid; composition; evoo; fatty; machine; malaxation; oil; olive; oxygen; tests
• High Quality Extra Virgin Olive Oil from Olives Attacked by the Olive Fruit Fly, Bactrocera Oleae (Rossi) (Diptera Tephritidae): Which Is the Tolerable Limit? Data from Experimental ‘Nocellara Del Belice’ and ‘Cerasuola’ Olive Groves in Sicily by Caleca, V.; Antista, G.; Campisi, G.; Caruso, T.; Lo Verde, G.; Maltese, M.; Rizzo, R.; Planeta, D. (2017) - 453 Figure 2: Correlation between the percentage of B. oleae exit holes at harvest and free acidity of olive oil; the regression analysis is highly significant (see Table 1). EVOO upper limit 454 Figure 4: Correlation between the percentage of B. oleae exit holes at harvest and total phenolic content of olive oil; the regression analysis resulted not significant (see Table 1). Keywords: exit; harvest; holes; infestation; oil; oleae; olive; quality
• cet-13491 by None (None) - Material & Methods Commercial protein isolates such as: soy protein isolate (SPI; VEGACON 90 KK; EUROSOY) FH Diedrichs & Ludwig Post GmbH, pea protein isolate (PPI; Pisane M9, Cosucra) and lupin protein isolate (LPI, Lupin protein isolate spray dried Pro Lupin) Concistency index and flow behaviour of sauces with PPI (pea protein isolate) and LPI (lupin protein isolate); a = 65 °C, b =100 °C 5 Gorissen S. H. M., Crombag J. J. R., Joan M. G. S., Waterval W. A. H., Bierau J., Verdijk L. B.,van Loon, L. J. C., 2018, Protein content and amino acid composition of commercially available plant-based protein isolates, Amino acids, 12, 1685–1695 Gu X., Campbell L. J.,Euston S. R., 2009, Effects of different oils on the properties of soy protein isolate emulsions and gels, Food Research International, 8, 925–932 Heng L., van Koningsveld G.A., Gruppen H., van Boekel M.A.J.S., Vincken J.-P., Roozen J.P.,Voragen A.G.J., 2004, Protein–flavour interactions in relation to development of novel protein foods, Trends in Food Science & Technology, 3-4, 217–224 Hopia A., Sillanpää M.,Tuomisto M., 2013, Hollandaise sauce and the chemistry behind old and new preparation techniques, LUMAT, 2, 189–195 Hosseini-Parvar S. H., Matia-Merino L., Goh K.K.T., Razavi S.M.A.,Mortazavi S. A., 2010, Steady shear flow behavior of gum extracted from Ocimum basilicum L. seed: Effect of concentration and temperature, Journal of Food Engineering, 3, 236–243 Ibanoglu E.,Erçelebi E. A., 2007, Thermal denaturation and functional properties of egg proteins in the presence of hydrocolloid gums, Food chemistry, 2, 626–633 Kinsella J. E., 1979, Functional properties of soy proteins, Journal of japan oil chemists' society, 56, 242–257 Kiosseoglou V., 2003, Egg yolk protein gels and emulsions, Current Opinion in Colloid & Interface Science, 4- 5, 365–370 Koocheki A., Ghandi, A. Razavi, S. M. A., Mortazavi S. A.,Vasiljevic T., 2009, The rheological properties of ketchup as a function of different hydrocolloids and temperature, International Journal of Food Science & Technology, 3, 596–602 Lam A. C. Y., Can Karaca A., Tyler R. T.,Nickerson M. T., 2018, Pea protein isolates: Structure, extraction, and functionality, Food Reviews International, 2, 126–147 Lo B., Kasapis S.,Farahnaky A., 2021, Lupin protein: Isolation and techno-functional properties, a review, Food Hydrocolloids, 3, 106318 Muranyi I. S., Otto C., Pickardt C., Osen R., Koehler P.,Schweiggert-Weisz U., 2016, Influence of the Isolation Method on the Technofunctional Properties of Protein Isolates from Lupinus angustifolius L, Journal of food science, 11, C2656-C2663 Okonkwo V. C., Mba O. I., Kwofie E. M.,Ngadi M. O., 2021, Rheological Properties of Meat Sauces as Influenced by Temperature, Food and Bioprocess Technology, 11, 2146–2160 Pearce K. N.,Kinsella J. E., 1978, Emulsifying properties of proteins: evaluation of a turbidimetric technique, Journal of agricultural and food chemistry, 26, 716–722 Rodríguez-Ambriz S. L., Martínez-Ayala A. L., Millán F.,Dávila-Ortíz G., 2005, Composition and functional properties of Lupinus campestris protein isolates, Plant Foods for Human Nutrition, 3, 99–107 Sagdic O., Toker O. S., P. B., A. M.,Y. M. T., 2015, Bioactive and rheological properties of rose hip marmalade, Journal of food science and technology, 10, 6465–6474 Sanjeewa T. W. G., Wanasundara J. P.D., Pietrasik Z.,Shand P. J., 2010, Characterization of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) flours and application in low-fat pork bologna as a model system, Food Research International, 2, 617–626 Sha L.,Xiong Y. L., 2020, Plant protein-based alternatives of reconstructed meat: Science, technology, and challenges, Trends in Food Science & Technology, suppl_3, 51–61 Shrestha S., Leonie van 't Hag, Haritos V. S.,Dhital S., 2021, Lupin proteins: Keywords: food; hollandaise; isolate; lpi; oil; ppi; properties; protein; sauce; spi
• cet-13494 by None (None) - 2.5.2 Meltdown test The meltdown test was performed in duplicate on ice cream samples stored at –18 °C for 2 weeks. The obtained structured lipid was then used as a fat source in a mixture for the production of ice cream. Keywords: cream; fat; ice; ice cream; lipid; melting; oil; peanut; sample
• cet-13496 by None (None) - Soy proteins were selected as 31 consolidated plant proteins in the food industry, while sunflower proteins were selected because emerging proteins extracted from the residual cake of sunflower seed oil extraction and because in preliminary tests (data not shown) they revealed that these proteins show a higher oil holding capacity even with lower protein content. 𝑘𝑇 = 𝐴 ∗ exp(− 𝐸𝑎 𝑅𝑇 ) (1) Samples of stabilized paste, non-stabilized paste, non-stabilized paste with soy proteins or sunflower proteins were distributed into plastic jars (60 g of paste each) and into Falcon tubes (6 g of paste each). Keywords: content; hazelnut; oil; paste; proteins; samples; separation; sunflower; tocopherols
• cet-13518 by None (None) - PEF treatment has been shown to enhance the quality of olive oil by improving its sensory and nutritional properties, as well as increasing its yield. During PEF treatment, olives or olive pastes are subjected to a high-voltage electric field for a very short period placing a PEF system at the beginning of the process to treat the olives or between the crusher and kneaders to treat the pastes. Keywords: extraction; food; oil; olive; pef; plant; technology; treatment; variety
• cet-13778 by None (None) - The current phase of the research is aimed to examine the range of sulfur donors that can be used for the production of sulfurized vegetable oil additives based on literature data and to compare them based on properties that have key importance for the synthesis of EP additives. Frank L.E., Phillip S.L., Robert E.A., 1979, Vegetable oil derivatives as lubricant additives. Keywords: additives; ball; load; oil; sulfur; vegetable; wear; weld
• cet-14475 by None (None) - Hamouma M., Delbos A., Dalmazzone C., Colin A., 2021, Polymer surfactant interactions in oil enhanced recovery processes, Energy & Fuels, 35(11), 9312-9321. The concentrations used were 15 g/L for surfactants and 1 g/L for polymer solutions. Keywords: mixtures; oil; polymer; recovery; size; solutions; surfactant; viscosity
• cet-15082 by None (None) - The use of Y2O3 nanoparticles in liquid lubricants has been scarcely researched. SiO2, CuO, and Y2O3 nanoparticles were added to the lubricating oils as well. Keywords: c60; center; cuo; friction; fullerene; nanoparticles; oil; sio2; wear; y2o3
• cet-15088 by None (None) - Rice straw was collected and developed into an adsorbent based on its ability to reduce the peroxide value (PV) of used cooking oil (UCO). The particle size, adsorption capacity, functional groups on adsorbent surface, surface morphology, and pore size of the adsorbent were determined, and its performance on improving the quality of used cooking oil in terms of peroxide value, acid value (AV), and color were tested. Keywords: adsorbent; adsorption; cooking; cooking oil; oil; rice; rsa; size; straw
• cet-15391 by None (None) - Catalytic aquathermolysis used for viscosity reduction of heavy crude oils: A review. The results conclude that using the catalyst during the aquathermolysis process promotes the upgrading of heavy crude oil properties while reducing the corrosive effect generated on API N-80 steel. Keywords: aquathermolysis; catalyst; content; crude; nfe; oil; steel; viscosity
• cet-15413 by None (None) - For this reason, this research evaluated the use of natural additives as viscosity reducers for heavy crude oils. Viscosity reducers modify the physicochemical properties of heavy crude oil, facilitating its transportation; this, in turn, results in a decrease in cohesion between molecules and allows the heavy crude oil to flow easily through pipelines and processing equipment, which not only simplifies operations but also reduces the costs associated with handling heavy crudes. Keywords: crude; limonene; oil; oils; reduction; viscosity
• cet-15647 by None (None) - Its effectiveness lies in its operating conditions that can be optimized to increase treatment efficiency and minimize operating costs (Nasrullah et al., 2022). Studies have shown that MAS can achieve high COD removal, with efficiencies ranging from 94 % (Hybat et al., 2019) to 98.4 % (Abdurahman et al., 2023). Keywords: cod; effluent; energy; et al; mill; oil; palm; pome; removal; treatment; wastewater
• cet-15692 by None (None) - Figure 2: Sensitivity of input parameters in bio-oil molecular composition reconstruction 401 The results indicate that, the vast majority of the sensitivity indices for the Gamma PDF shape parameters are extremely low, indicating that the internal shape differences of the carbon number distribution have a limited impact on macroscopic properties. Leveraging connectivity matrix-based molecular descriptors combined with artificial neural networks, accurate predictions of molecular properties are achieved. Keywords: bio; fractions; framework; oil; petroleum; properties; reconstruction
• Effect of Distance Intermittent Ultrasonic Wave Source on the Surfactant-Polymer Flooding Recovery and its Displacement Pattern by Noruddin, N.A.; Sulaiman, W.R.W.; Ismail, A.R. (2017) - It can be visualised that oil can be displaced efficiently when intermittent ultrasonic wave was applied. Application of ultrasonic waves and pulse vibrations in the reservoirs has been noticed to reduce the interfacial tension (IFT) between oil and water, resulting in reduction of capillary pressure in the pores and therefore, resulted to an improvement on oil recovery. Keywords: displacement; flooding; oil; recovery; ultrasonic; vibration; wave
• Removal of Bioactive Compound (?-Oryzanol) from Rice Bran Oil-Based Biodiesel Using Deep Eutectic Solvent by Niawanti, H.; Zullaikah, S. (2017) - In this work, we used rice bran oil-based biodiesel as raw material because RBO is potential low cost feedstock for biodiesel and new generation solvent (DES) to remove ɣ-oryzanol from crude biodiesel. Figure 1 shows the Flowchart of ɣ-oryzanol removal from rice bran oil based biodiesel. Keywords: biodiesel; bran; content; des; extraction; oil; oryzanol; rbo; rice
• Evaluation of Wound Closure Activity of Cocos Nucifera Oil on Scratched Monolayer of Human Dermal Fibroblasts by Ahmad, Z.; Sarmidi, M.R.; Hasham, R. (2017) - 3.2 Effect of VCO extract on the cell viability Cells from the fibroblast cell line (HSF 1184) were exposed to increasing concentrations of VCO extracts for 24 h and their viability was assessed using the MTT assay. In conclusion, VCO contains antioxidants and phenolic compounds that might promote the proliferation and migration of cells to enhance wound closure activity on human dermal fibroblast cells. Keywords: cell; closure; coconut; extract; oil; vco; wound
• cet-2122 by None (None) - Mitigation associated with oil spill impacts depends largely on the formulation and implementation of adequate contingency plans, which should incorporate the identification of sources of oil spills, the simulation of the respective dispersion patterns and the characterization of areas that could be affected by a spill. dibarramojica@gmail.com / diana.ibarra1@correo.uis.edu.co In 2005, it was estimated that over 70% of oil spills in Colombia affected riverine areas. Keywords: flood; magdalena; oil; river; season; shoreline; spill; study
• cet-2125 by None (None) - Tansel, B., 2014, Propagation of impacts after oil spills at sea: Categorization and quantification of local vs regional and immediate vs delayed impacts. As the results, the diameter of 17.5 cm, the height of 13.7 cm, and the ratio between oil and biosurfactant of 0.300 were the best conditions to retrive the oil, and the total cost to build the system was € 368,00. Keywords: biosurfactant; cage; diameter; figure; height; oil; oil cage
• cet-2126 by None (None) - By means of numerical methods, we performed a consequence-based assessment incorporating the effects, the hazardous distance and the reaction time scale, related to oil spill. This framework needed for drawing-up contingency plans and laying down operative procedures is developed at two time scales: short- time evolution of the cloud of hydrocarbon vapours, connected to potential toxic effects and flame development; short/medium-time study of the evolution of the drift of oil spills under the influence of wind and 374 tide estimation of the ‘characteristic spreading time” (Palazzi et al., 2004). Keywords: accident; concentration; figure; modelling; oil; pipeline; ppm; risk; river; sea; spill; time
• Physico-Chemical Properties of the Biosurfactant Obtained from Fruit Extract of Genipa Americana L. and Tamarindus Indica L. and its Application in Oil Removal by Almeida, F.C.; Rocha E Silva, N.M.P.; Meira, H.; Jara, A.M.T.; Luna, J.M.; Sarubbo, L.A. (2017) - Figure 2: Effect of concentration NaCl on the surface tension of vegetable biosurfactants produced by Genipa americana L. and Tamarindus indica L. 1552 Figure 3: Effect of temperature on the surface tension of vegetable biosurfactants produced by Genipa americana L. and Tamarindus indica L. Figure 4: Effect of pH on the surface tension of vegetable biosurfactants produced by Genipa americana L. and Tamarindus indica L. 3.2 Oil removel by washing with vegetable biosurfactant The application of biosurfactants is one of the most promising techniques to remove and recover a significant amount of the residual oil in environment (Sarubbo et al., 2012). 3. Results and discussion 3.1 Assessment of physiochemical properties of vegetable biosurfactants The biosurfactant of origin vegetable, include a diverse group of compounds characterized by their structure containing a steroidal or triterpenoid aglycone and one or more sugar chains. Keywords: americana; biosurfactants; genipa; indica; oil; surface; tamarindus; tension; vegetable
• Application of a Biosurfactant from Candida tropicalis UCP 0996 Produced in Low-Cost Substrates for Hydrophobic Contaminants Removal by Almeida, D.; Soares Da Silva, R.D.C.; Brasileiro, P.; Luna, J.; Silva, M.D.G.; Rufino, R.; Costa, A.; Dos Santos V, A.; Sarubbo, L. (2018) - The literature has little to offer about oil removal on porous surfaces. Stone washing tests showed 46.02 and 56.18 % removal at 2xCMC and 5xCMC of biosurfactant concentration, respectively, and testing for oil biodegradation showed results around 73.8 % for motor oil biodegradation by indigenous marine bacteria and fungi from the Suape Petrochemical Complex seawater, Pernambuco State, Brazil. Keywords: biosurfactant; oil; surface
• Aplication of Biosurfactants Produced by Bacillus cereus and Candida sphaerica in the Bioremediation of Petroleum Derivative in Soil and Water by Silva, I.; Resende, A.H.; Silva, N.; Brasileiro, P.; Pedrosa Didier, J.; Luna, J.; Rufino, R.; Dos Santos V, A.; Sarubbo, L. (2018) - A key factor that regulates the success of biosurfactants production is the development of an economical process that uses low cost materials and offers a high yield. The media were autoclaved at 121 °C for 20 min. Fermentations for biosurfactants production were carried out in 1 L Erlenmeyer flasks containing 500 mL of the production media and incubated with 1 % of Candida sphaerica and 5 % of Bacillus cereus from pre- inoculum. Keywords: biosurfactant; cereus; days; oil; sphaerica
• Production in Bioreactor and Application of Biosurfactant in Dissolved Air Flotation for the Treatment of Industrial Effluents by Luna, J.; Pinto, A.A.; Pinto, M.I.; Brasileiro, P.; Rufino, R.; Almeida, D.; Dos Santos V, A.; Sarubbo, L. (2018) - Thus, this study investigated the potential application of a biosurfactant in the separation of residual oil using a prototype of DAF. Thus, this study investigated the potential application of a biosurfactant as an alternative collector in the separation of residual oil using a prototype of the Dissolved Air flotation DAF. Keywords: biosurfactant; daf; flotation; flow; oil; sarubbo; separation
• Cutting Oil Emulsion Anaerobic Biodegradation: Electrocoagulation Pretreatment Effect by Dermouchi, A.; Lendormi, T.; Arris, S.; Lanoiselle, J.L.; Bencheikh-Lehocine, M. (2018) - Sodium Chloride (NaCl) at a concentration of 1.5 g / L was added to cutting oil samples to increase electrical conduction for the EC pretreatment (Khemis et al., 2005).The characteristics of cutting oil emulsion samples are presented in table 1. Spent cutting oil emulsion samples were stored at 4°C in a fridge before further use. Keywords: anaerobic; cod; coe; emulsion; methane; oil; pretreatment; samples; synthetic; turbidity
• Performance and Emission of a VCR Engine Using Mahua Oil as Bio-diesel by Arun A, Magadum; S.N, Sridhara (2018) - Sureshkumar K., Velraj R., Ganesan R., 2008, Performance characteristics and exhaust emissions of a spark ignition engine powered by Pongamiapinnata methyl ester (PPME) and its mixtures with diesel fuel, Renew Energy, 33, 2294-302. In certainty, the improvement of diesel engine and bio diesel has concurrent history of mechanical progressions and financial battle. Keywords: blends; compression; diesel; engine; fuel; oil; ratio
• Evaluation of Polymer Properties for Potential Selection in Enhanced Oil Recovery by Tengku Mohd, T.A.; Mohd Taib, N.; Adzmi, A.F.; Nik Ab Lah, N.K.I.; Sauki, A.; Jaafar, M.Z. (2018) - (a) (b) Figure 5: Effect of polymer viscosity on (a) CaCl2 concentration; (b) MgCl2 concentration Both figures demonstrate all tested polymers becoming less viscous in the presence of divalent ion and increase in divalent ion concentration leads to a greater reduction in viscosity of the polymers except for PP and AG, which exhibit a minimum change in viscosity reduction. In the salinity and divalent test, Ca2+ ion causes a greater reduction of polymer viscosity than Mg2+ followed by Na+. Keywords: concentration; divalent; effect; hpam; oil; polymer; shear; viscosity
• cet-3415 by None (None) - Nevertheless, they were obliged to develop engineering solutions to the problem. 3.2 Research angle and limitations Here we present a shortened version of our work on engineering solutions. Keywords: bop; deepwater; engineering; horizon; oil; response; riser; solutions; states; united
• cet-4057 by None (None) - Soybean oil and rapeseed oil samples with different contents of free fatty acid, peroxide, phosphorus, solvent, moisture and volatile matter were collected and their mathematical relationships with smoke point was analyzed by principal component regression. To satisfy consumers’ requirement of less smoke, vegetable oils should possess certain thermal stability, which was evaluated by smoke point and dependent on the content of the minor compounds. Keywords: equation; oil; oils; point; principal; regression; smoke; value
• cet-4650 by None (None) - The sampling procedures were made according to the standard procedure USEPA Method 5 - “Determination of particulate emissions from stationary sources”. Overloading of fuel (i.e. fibre and shell) could cause higher rate of particulate emission. Keywords: air; boiler; combustion; emission; malaysia; mill; oil; palm; palm oil; particulate; plant
• Phenolic Monomers Production by the Direct Depolymerization of Lignin Contained in Kraft Black Liquor in the Presence of Metal Catalyst by Hernandez, Fabio; Erdocia, Xabier; Labidi, Jalel (2018) - Table 3 shows the set of experiments performed as well as the experimental results determined for the dependent variables, all of them in % wt. respect to the organic matter in the liquor: oil, monomeric compounds and the undesirable solid residue. Guaiacol 0.201 0.305 0.191 0.173 0.341 0.195 0.739 0.117 0.127 0.127 0.528 Catechol 2.241 1.768 1.507 1.820 2.483 1.518 3.010 0.675 0.770 0.392 2.681 3-Methylcatechol 0.402 0.481 0.438 0.400 0.246 0.375 0.270 0.379 0.372 0.196 0.390 3-Methoxycatechol 0.024 0.066 0.028 0.022 0.104 0.045 0.224 0.022 0.019 0.012 0.147 4-Methylcatechol 1.942 2.372 2.037 2.031 1.977 1.992 2.322 1.694 1.521 0.902 2.775 Syringol 0.089 0.238 0.152 0.140 0.186 0.138 0.445 0.095 0.115 0.096 0.334 4-Ethylcatechol 0.811 0.952 0.942 0.761 0.685 0.736 0.722 0.809 0.807 0.490 0.911 Vanillin N.D. 0.003 0.003 N.D. 0.002 N.D. 0.004 N.D. N.D. N.D. 0.004 Acetovanillone 0.005 0.004 0.002 0.003 0.022 0.003 0.043 0.002 0.002 0.002 0.017 Veratrol N.D. N.D. N.D. N.D. N.D. N.D. N.D. N.D. N.D. N.D. N.D. Guaiacylacetone 0.011 0.016 0.022 N.D. 0.034 N.D. 0.035 0.023 0.019 N.D. 0.006 Vanillic acid N.D. N.D. N.D. 0.008 N.D. 0.008 0.002 N.D. N.D. 0.013 N.D. Syringaldehyde N.D. N.D. 0.002 N.D. N.D. N.D. N.D. N.D. N.D. N.D. N.D. Acetosyringone 0.004 0.004 0.005 N.D. N.D. N.D. 0.002 N.D. N.D. N.D. 0.008 Syringic acid N.D. N.D. 0.024 0.002 0.008 0.002 0.021 N.D. N.D. N.D. N.D. Table 6 shows that the major compounds in all reactions was catechol and its derivatives 4-Methylcatechol and 4-Ethylcatechol. Keywords: catalyst; compounds; depolymerization; lignin; liquor; n.d; oil; reaction
• cet-7319 by None (None) - The values obtained experimentally for the corn oil density and iodine number are within the expected ranges of the NP-946:1981 standard for corn oil (915-924 kg/m3 and 103-128 g/100 g oil, respectively). Also the acid value obtained experimentally for corn oil is below the maximum limit of this standard (0.60 mg KOH/g). Keywords: alcohol; biodiesel; mass; oil; ratio; reaction; standard; wt%
• cet-7322 by None (None) - Recently many marine hydrocarbonoclastic bacteria have been isolated and their degradation potential has been investigated (Yakimov et al., 2004). Significantly, Alcanivorax was found in low number in unpolluted waters, but in high abundances in oil-polluted waters and coastlines, where it may comprise 80-90% of the oil-degrading microbial community (Kasai et al., 2002). Keywords: alcanivorax; gac; oil; salinity; slops; treatment
• cet-7327 by None (None) - Studies on reduction of surface tension by the cell-free-broth containing the biosurfactant showed that it was stable over a wide pH range, and retained practically 100% of the activity against motor oil (Figure2B and Figure 3B). 2.8 Application of the biosurfactant in motor oil removal from contaminated sand Biosurfactant suitability for enhanced oil recovery was carried through using 60.0 g of beach sand impregnated with 5.0 mL of motor oil. Keywords: biosurfactant; oil; sphaerica; surface; tension
• cet-836 by None (None) - Experiment of anti-wear and friction reduction of graphene and boron magnetic rare earth 3.1 Effect of the mixture of graphene and boron magnetic rare earth on the wear spot diameter The boron magnetic rare earth used in the compound test is a kind of complex type lubricating oil additives, and the sulfur content is low, which is a kind of environment-friendly additives. The wear scar diameter (WSD) values obtained after graphene and boron magnetic rare earth compound experiment are shown in Table 1, where G is the graphene, and T2012 refers to boron magnetic rare earth (Mandava et al., 2016). Keywords: base; boron; earth; friction; graphene; magnetic; oil; test; wear
• Analysis for Improvement of Kitchen Odour by Oil Fume Purification Technology by Yan, Rui; Li, Miaomiao; Wang, Yao; Fu, Yao (2018) - DOI: 10.3303/CET1868070 Please cite this article as: Yan R., Li M., Wang Y., Fu Y., 2018, Analysis for improvement of kitchen odour by oil fume purification technology, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 68, 415-420 DOI: 10.3303/CET1868070 415 2.2 The main components of cooking oil fume From the formation process of lampblack, it can be seen that lampblack is a kind of aerosol with three phases of gas, liquid and solid. 418 Table 2: Kitchen odour evaluation results before and after the treatment of fume purification Purification technology Pre-fume treatment Treating for 0.25h Treating for 0.5h Treating for 1h Treating for 2h Mechanical purification 1.5 2 2.5 3 3 Electrostatic purification 1.5 3 3.5 4 4 Adsorption purification 1.5 3 3.5 4 4 Filtering purification 1.5 2.5 3 3.5 3.5 Washing purification 1.5 2.5 3 3.5 3.5 Composite purification 1.5 3 3.5 4 4 Catalytic combustion 1.5 3.5 4 4 4 3.3 Comprehensive comparative analysis of fume purification technology This paper makes a comprehensive comparative analysis of the fume purification technology in terms of tech- nicality and economy. Keywords: combustion; cooking; fume; fume purification; kitchen; method; oil; purification; purification method; technology; washing
• cet-9555 by None (None) - The finding of this research is purified biogas need a shorter time to heat 500 ml water compare to raw biogas and it has higher calorific value than raw biogas. Table 1 shows the chemical composition of raw biogas. Keywords: biogas; biogenset; cost; diesel; electricity; energy; hybrid; malaysia; myr; oil; palm
• Extraction of Carotenoids from Bee Pollen Using Sunflower Oil: Evaluation of Time and Matrix-solvent Ratio by Salazar-Gonzalez, Claudia; Diaz-Moreno, Consuelo; Fuenmayor, Carlos Alberto (2019) - The increasing trend of carotenoid concentration in the extracts with respect to the matrix concentration indicates that pollen carotenoids are not near to the saturation point in the sunflower oil, even at the highest proportion evaluated. Conclusion Continuous stirring for carotenoid extraction from bee pollen allows for obtaining carotenoid-rich extracts. Keywords: bee; carotenoids; extraction; extracts; oil; pollen; ratios; solvent

• Protection Systems for Tanks containing Hazardous Materials Exposed to Fire by Bubbico, Roberto ; Biggi, Paolo; Mazzarotta, Barbara (2019) - However, given the possibility of delaying, or hopefully avoiding, the catastrophic failure of the tank, attention has also been sometimes devoted to other possible protection/mitigation methods: Townsend et al. (1974) (who focused on a rail tank car) and Droste and Shoen (1988), compared the behaviour of uninsulated and thermally protected propane tanks; Shoen and Droste (1988) investigated the use of water spray systems to mitigate the effect of external fires on LPG tanks; more recently, Shebeko et al. (1996) analyzed the influence of relief valves from a theoretical point of view, while further experimental data have been produced and compared with either simplified (Shebeko et al., 2000) or CFD (Landucci et al., 2009) theoretical models. A Study of the effect of the tank diameter on the thermal stratification in LPG tanks subjected to fire engulfment. Keywords: fire; pressure; prv; tank; time; vessel
• cet-10203 by None (None) - Thereafter an opening (φi = 4 mm) in the blind flange at the end of the test pipe was opened to the off gas such that the combustible mixture from the vessel pushed out the nitrogen in test pipe by plug flow. 50,18 24 35 114.3x3.6 878536 107,1 9600 3,17 130,00 30,00 3,226 3,226 29,032 67,742 376,00 2303 1952 16,20 51,35 1,84 221,00 229,21 194,83 5,42 no transition to detonation no transition to detonation, mixture too rich Experiments in short pipes, format 114.3 x 3.6, at 130 °C no transition to detonation no transition to detonation no transition to detonation Experiments in long pipes (exception is test 19, here reflection at pipe end is scenario 7, but DDT is scenario 1), format 48.3 x 2.6, tests at 70 °C and 80 °C Experiments in long pipes (exceptions are tests 5 and 22: reflections at pipe ends are scenario 7; for test 22 the DDT is scenario 5, for test 5 the DDT is scenario 1), format 48.3 x 2.6, most tests at 130 °C Data of pipe Data of C6H12/O2/N2 gas mixture Diameter increase at location of DDT B C Y Z AA AB AC AD AE AF AG AH AI AJ AK AL AM 1 Data of pipe pipe history 2 num- ber of test pipe dimension: outer diameter [mm] x wall thickness Keywords: bar; ddt; detonation; mixture; pipe; pressure; test
• cet-10836 by None (None) - 3.2 Kinetics of TOC adsorption into silica and starch aerogel To evaluate the time needed for the complete adsorption of the α–tocopherol on the two supports, the adsorption kinetics were determined. De Marco I., Reverchon E., 2017, Starch aerogel loaded with poorly water-soluble vitamins through supercritical CO2 adsorption, Chemical Engineering Research and Design, 119, 221–230. Keywords: adsorption; aerogel; dissolution; msa; pressure; silica; toc; vitamin
• cet-10837 by None (None) - (a) (b) Figure 1: FESEM images of Eudragit particles precipitated from DMSO at 40 °C and 20 mg/mL. Effect of the operating pressure: (a) 90 bar; (b) 100 bar. Among various carriers, Eudragit polymers have gained considerable interest in the pharmaceutical field due to their wide versatility, due to the different solubilities at different pH values (Singh et al., 2015). Keywords: ampi; bar; coprecipitation; drug; eudragit; l100; microparticles; pressure; sas
• cet-12206 by None (None) - References Bu Y., Yuan Y., Xue S., Amyotte P., Li C., Yuan W., Ma Z., Yuan C., Li G., 2020, Effect of admixed silica on dispersibility of combustible dust clouds in a Godbert-Greenwald furnace, Powder Tech., 374, 496-506. Table 3: Minimum ignition temperature of glucose powder as a function of the dispersion pressure Procedure Pressure 0.2 barg Pressure 0.5 barg Pressure 1.0 barg ISO 80079-20-2 MIT (°C) 480 500 530 460 (min - 20°C) 4. Keywords: dispersion; dust; furnace; particle; powder; pressure; psd
• cet-12208 by None (None) - The good agreement with experimental results proved the potentiality of CFD models in predicting tank behaviour under fire exposure. CFD models ensure a physically sound description of the phenomena characterizing the thermohydraulic inside a tank exposed to fire, but are very computationally expensive. Keywords: cfd; fire; liquid; models; pressure; results; tank; zones
• cet-12211 by None (None) - Te st in g Type testing of PRV Type testing of BD Type testing of low pressure relief systems Type testing of high pressure PRV and BD Requirements for authorized observer Type testing of pressure protection systems during operation Integrity proof of PRV after re-installation Component testing 502 valves, controlled safety pressure protection systems (CSPRS), combination devices, and upstream and downstream protection equipment. Accepted: 25 April 2022 Please cite this article as: Schmidt J., 2022, Strategy for ISO 4126 into 2030 – future standardization of pressure protection systems, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 90, 499-504 DOI:10.3303/CET2290084 CHEMICAL ENGINEERING TRANSACTIONS VOL. 90, 2022 A publication of The Italian Association of Chemical Engineering Online at www.cetjournal.it Guest Editors: Aleš Bernatík, Bruno Fabiano Copyright © 2022, AIDIC Servizi S.r.l. Keywords: devices; iso; pressure; protection; relief; safety; sizing; standard; systems
• cet-12221 by None (None) - This incident shows how important it is to evaluate the “safe discharge” of pressure safety valves carefully. Accepted: 5 May 2022 Please cite this article as: Wichmann O., Dünger U., Stellmacher V., 2022, Essential Aspects of Pressure Safety – Experiences from Industrial Practice, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 90, 559-564 DOI:10.3303/CET2290094 CHEMICAL ENGINEERING TRANSACTIONS VOL. 90, 2022 A publication of The Italian Association of Chemical Engineering Online at www.cetjournal.it Guest Editors: Aleš Bernatík, Bruno Fabiano Copyright © 2022, AIDIC Servizi S.r.l. ISBN 978-88-95608-88-4; ISSN 2283-9216 Essential Aspects of Pressure Safety – Experiences from Industrial Practice Oliver Wichmann, Udo Dünger*, Volker Stellmacher Covestro Deutschland AG, 51373 Leverkusen udo.duenger@covestro.com Four simple, real examples from the chemical industry show particularly critical points which, according to experience, can jeopardize the safe functioning of pressure safety devices. Keywords: blower; devices; flow; pressure; safety; vacuum; valve
• cet-12236 by None (None) - The main activity of the company is the manufacture of ethylene oxide (EO) and derivatives. Feeding of ethylene oxide continues over a period of several hours at 100-110 °C, whilst the mixture is cooled via E-3131 and the pressure rises to 11 bar gauge (12 bar absolute). Keywords: bar; ethylene; explosion; oxide; phase; pressure; reaction; reactor
• cet-12237 by None (None) - The main conclusions: 1) Accurate determination of maximum explosion pressure and deflagration index at atmospheric temperatures and pressure for concentrations C = 250 – 2000 g/m3. 2) The maximum values of explosion pressures and rates of pressure rise. 3) The values of maximum explosion pressure show that the ash is two times less dangerous than the coal-air dust at given experimental conditions. EN 14034-2+A1, Determination of explosion characteristics of dust clouds - Part 2: determination of the maximum rate of explosion pressure rise of dust clouds, 2011. Keywords: air; ash; dust; explosion; mixtures; pressure
• cet-12238 by None (None) - The highest risk for surroundings presents transport of ammonia pressure vessel from the storage to the pressure station and transport to the storage naturally. Figure 1: Ammonia pressure vessel and station 3.2 Scenarios The Seveso establishment is located in the industrial area, at a distance of about 400 m from the Opava river bank and about 150 m from the highway. Keywords: ammonia; environment; index; pressure; release; risk; station; vessel
• cet-13098 by None (None) - P1 P2 P3 P1(NR) P1(P) P1(O) 10% 15% 20% 25% 30% 35% 40% 45% 50% 55% 0.35 0.45 0.55 0.65 0.75 C G E ƛ P1 P2 P3 P1(NR) P1(P) P1(O) 118 Despite this, Figure 3 shows similar CGE for the P3 but with lower CC rate. 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100% 0.35 0.45 0.55 0.65 0.75 C C ( % ) ƛ P1 P2 P3 P1(NR) P1(P) P1(O) 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.35 0.45 0.55 0.65 0.75 H 2 /C O ƛ P1 P2 P3 P1(NR) P1(P) P1(O) 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 0.35 0.45 0.55 0.65 0.75 C O M o l/ kg -F u e l ƛ P1 P2 P3 P1(NR) P1(P) P1(O) 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 0.35 0.45 0.55 0.65 0.75 H 2 M o l/ kg -F u e l ƛ P1 P2 P3 P1(NR) P1(P) P1(O) 119 0.5 0.7 0.9 1.1 1.3 1.5 1.7 1.9 0.35 0.45 0.55 0.65 0.75 C H 4 M o l/ kg -F u e l ƛ P1 P2 P3 P1(NR) P1(P) P1(O) Figure 6: Methane (left) and carbon dioxide (right), concentrations in Mol/kg-Fuel. Keywords: burner; d.s; figure; gasification; pressure
• cet-13514 by None (None) - When developing models for the processing of matrices of plant and animal raw materials using high-pressure technology, for varying parameters of pressure, time, packaging and duration, it was established that the high-pressure exposure model must be selected taking into account the composition and properties of the product, the purposeful application of other microorganism inhibiting factors to achieve synergistic action, because exposure to high pressure alone does not ensure the destruction of bacteria in a model system. 139 To eliminate spores at high pressure, the process can be divided into two stages, as in the case of tyndallisation, the first effect at lower pressure promotes the germination of spores, then the germinated spores are inactivated (Reddy et.al., 2006). Keywords: analogue; cfu; content; food; meat; pressure; processing; ˂1,0; ˣ101
• cet-13515 by None (None) - Rashid, M. H., Khan, M. R., Roobab, U., Rajoka, M. S. R., Inam-ur-Raheem, M., Anwar, R., Ahmed, W., Jahan, M., Ijaz, M. R. A., Asghar, M. M., Shabbir, M. A., and Aadil, R. M. (2021). In the last decades, many novel low-temperature pasteurization technologies have been widely studied to extend the shelf-life and safety of fresh products without compromising their organoleptic qualities. Keywords: color; cut; food; inactivation; pressure; products
• cet-13706 by None (None) - This article summarizes some of the influential factors that cause a deviation and shows the inherent scattering of dust tests when all other parameters are kept constant. 2 Figure 1: Distribution of the explosion pressures of corn starch for two different concentrations Figure 2: Distribution of the rates of pressure rise of corn starch for two different concentrations Table 1: Determined (dp/dt)-values of the three dust samples and ratios compared to the 60 ms-value for the variation of the ignition delay time of three different dusts This shows that the ignition delay time should not be altered, that even small variations from the igniters may cause a big difference and that there is no simple way to estimate the behaviour for different dusts. Keywords: bar; dust; ignition; parameters; pressure; safety
• cet-13712 by None (None) - Introduction In industrial plants, jets are one of the most common incident scenarios, as up to 50% of industrial accidents are related to mechanical failure of tanks or flanges (Crowl and Louvar, 2012): if a small break appears in the wall of equipment, where a high-pressure flammable gas is stored, then it exits in the form of jet. To observe more immediately the effect of the second obstacle on the behaviour of the jet, it was decided to divide the maximum extensions of the pair of obstacles jets (ME_pair) by those relating to the respective single cases (ME_single) depending on the distance of the first obstacle from the point of release. Keywords: distance; ground; jet; obstacle; pressure; release; set
• cet-13719 by None (None) - The experimental testing of these explosions is challenging due to the complex design and large volume of combustion equipment, along with the presence of internal elements (heating tubes, burners, ignitors) and explosion relief panels. Moreover, these models may lack sensitivity to the presence of internal elements, which can induce turbulence and accelerate the flame, as well as the influence of explosion relief panels. Keywords: case; chamber; combustion; explosion; furnace; panels; pressure; relief; simulation; tubes
• cet-13754 by None (None) - Pressures were measured with transducers in the syngas storage receiver, PSA beds, and H2 Product Receiver. 3. Conclusions The use of an 8 m long PSA bed, proved to be a very effective method of magnifying the performance of the bed during the adsorption phase in the PSA Cycle. Keywords: bed; figure; pressure; psa; purge; purity; syngas; trials
• cet-13819 by None (None) - The wind turbines contain pressure equipment (hydraulic accumulators), the use of which can pose risks to the safety and health of the personnel assigned to supervise and maintain the wind turbines themselves, if they are not adequately managed. Hydraulic accumulators, built in the European Union following the European directive PED (Pressure Equipment Directive) 2014/68/EU, are pressure equipment that can withstand a maximum operating pressure, Ps, higher than 300 bar. Keywords: accumulators; checks; equipment; hydraulic; pressure; pressure equipment; wind; wind turbine
• cet-14410 by None (None) - Table 1: Reduction percentage of arsenic, as a function of air pressure (psi) and aeration time (min) Item N° Air Pressure (Psi) Time (min) Initial As (ppm) Final it was determined that the interaction between aeration time (min) and air pressure (psi) in the treatment of a solution containing arsenic (obtained by alkaline leaching with NaOH and Na2S), by MNB, has a significant effect on the percentage of arsenic decrease, showing a higher value at a time of 5 min and 25 psi of air pressure. Keywords: air; arsenic; concentration; effluent; min; mnb; pressure; reduction; time
• cet-14670 by None (None) - Safe management of pressure pipes during operating phase Pressure pipes, as well as pressure equipment and/or assemblies, introduce a specific risk in the workplace (even if correctly constructed and CE-PED certified) depending on: 1) use condition (pressure, temperature, physical state); 2) place of installation and possible interference with other nearby equipment; 3) type of plant; 4) contained fluid, dangerous or non-dangerous (the dangerous fluids, indicated in the PED directive as group 1, are: explosive, flammable, toxic, oxidising; while the fluids of group 2 are all the other fluids not falling within group 1); 5) Volume (vessels) and Nominal Diameter (DN). The PED directive introduced pressure pipes because they very often cause triggering of accidental events (fires, explosions, toxic releases), involving successively important pressure equipment (steam generators, reactors, heat exchangers, pressure tanks, etc.). Keywords: directive; equipment; index; ped; pipes; pressure; pressure pipes; risk; table
• cet-14675 by None (None) - However, upon closer examination, Test 32 from Table 1, demonstrated that even with high failure pressure, vessel partial failure persisted. He observed that failure dynamics were linked to crack instability, rapid over-pressurization, or rapid DOI: 10.3303/CET24111056 Paper Received: 23 January 2024; Revised: 26 June 2024; Accepted: 22 June 2024 Please cite this article as: Laamarti E.M., Heymes F., Birk A.M., 2024, Consequences of Partial Vessel Failure in BLEVE and Liquid Full Fill Rupture Events, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 111, 331-336 DOI:10.3303/CET24111056 331 mailto:frederic.heymes@mines-ales.fr quenching of the crack tip supported by thermo-hydraulics, resulting in uncontrolled vessel failure. Keywords: bleve; failure; figure; fill; length; liquid; opening; pressure; vessel
• cet-14682 by None (None) - As a result, individual steam jets are unable to generate an aggregate steam flow rate (the so-called plane jet), operating autonomously and thus confining the dilution effect to areas in direct interaction with one or more of these individual jets. 375 3. Results Through Fluent simulations, methane jets can be visualised by creating surfaces defined by a specific methane concentration, in this work assumed as the LFL or the half of the LFL. Keywords: curtain; jet; jets; lfl; methane; methane jet; mitigation; pressure; steam; steam curtain
• cet-14713 by None (None) - This work aims to synthetically analyze the V vulnerability of the damage caused to the critical primary containment technical systems previously highlighted following natural flood events through the following steps: • Identify the types of critical primary containment technical systems containing dangerous substances (e.g.: atmospheric tanks, pressure tanks, reactors, stirrers, distillation columns, heat exchangers, pressure pipes, etc.) by analyzing the storage and process conditions of the dangerous substances contained (e.g.: temperature, pressure, physical state, volume) • Analyze all possible damage to the individual technical system (e.g.: buckling, rupture of pipes and connections, tearing, displacement, overturning, puncturing damage, ignition and sparking, overfilling, support leg failure, shell-to-button delachment, etc.) Finally, although the work focuses on establishments covered by the European Seveso directive (2012/18/EU), the principles of damage caused by natural flood events on the various technical systems that contain dangerous substances can also be adopted in other industrial sectors excluded by Seveso directive. Keywords: damage; equipment; events; flood; natech; pressure; substances; systems; technical; vulnerability
• cet-15025 by None (None) - The study involves using Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopic analysis on red clover seeds under varying pressure levels, specific tensions, and selected quality parameters. The coloration of red clover seeds is primarily determined by genetic factors, although environmental influences are still being debated. Keywords: clover; cm-1; color; doi; group; pressure; red; red clover; resistance; seed; spectroscopy; spectrum
• cet-15092 by None (None) - However, after 60 min, a general decrease in color removal efficiency is observed for both configurations, being more pronounced in the 2 bar and 9 orifices condition, with a reduction of 2.45% ± 0.067. Hydrodynamic cavitation significantly improves the removal of color and polyphenols, being a viable alternative to reduce toxicity in alcoholic vinasse, contributing to environmental improvements for the alcohol industry. Keywords: bar; cavitation; color; et al; inlet; orifices; pressure; removal; vinasse
• cet-15137 by None (None) - PED Directive shall apply to the design, manufacture and conformity assessment of pressure equipment and assemblies with a maximum allowable pressure, which is greater than 0,5 barg. State of the art of the relevant legislation 2.1 Design, manufacture and certification of pressure equipment and assemblies: European Product Directive PED (Directive 2014/68/EU) Keywords: assemblies; directive; equipment; european; ped; pressure; pressure equipment; reactor; use
• cet-15365 by None (None) - karima.bitchikh@g.enp.edu.dz Many industries, such as coal, food, paper, metals, plastics, etc…, are exposed to the risk of dust explosions due to the specific characteristics of the powders handled. To manage these risks, it is essential to understand the parameters associated with dust explosions, to identify the areas where explosive powder clouds can form under normal and abnormal conditions, and finally to identify potential sources of ignition. Keywords: dust; equipment; explosion; ignition; pressure; protection; risks; severity; table; zone
• cet-15424 by None (None) - Figure 4: Scheme of the Claude cycle Table 4: Optimal decision variables for the Claude cycle in Figure 4 Variable Symbol Optimal value BM pressure at LNG-100 inlet, kPa P2 3761.30 Max. refrigeration cycle pressure, kPa P5 7438.70 Temperature after BM precooling, °C T7 -18.9 Temperature before VLV-101 valve, kPa T9 -157.40 Intermediate compression pressure, kPa P18 1100.00 BM molar flow rate to K-101, kmol/h �̇�12 37.56 4. However, they do encounter challenges when faced with highly non-linear objective functions, as is the case in liquefaction cycle optimization (Mitchell, 1998). Keywords: biomethane; cycle; energy; liquefaction; nitrogen; pressure; refrigeration; reverse
• cet-15622 by None (None) - Currently, in the country's transportation sector, the proportion of distribution of biodiesel blends with petrol diesel is 14%- B14, and the following year, it will be 15%- B15 until it reaches 20% or B20 in 2030. A higher percentage of biodiesel blends utilized in internal combustion engines can develop better lubricity by their chemical double bond components, such as methyl linoleate C19H32O2 and methyl oleate C19H36O2, with more equilibrium in CO2 emissions produced than can be reabsorbed by the plants to close their natural cycle, resulting in a more clean mobility. Keywords: biodiesel; blends; combustion; emissions; engine; fuel; min-1; power; pressure; rev; value; velocity
• cet-2449 by None (None) - Result and discussion Based on the data on technology cost, the cost for AD, PT, compressor (PT to transportation), transportation, and compressor (transportation to utilisation) is calculated and tabulated in Table 4. Sun Q., Li H., Yan J., Liu L., Yu Z., Yu X., 2015, Selection of appropriate biogas upgrading technology - A review of biogas cleaning, upgrading and utilisation, Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 51, 521-532. Keywords: biogas; cng; cost; path; pipeline; pressure; purification; technology; transportation
• Assessment of Operating Parameters, Membrane Fouling and Juice Quality During Acerola Ultrafiltration by Milani, P.; Prato, A.M.; Monteiro, A.R.; Maioral, M.; Benossi Marchi, L.; Costa, S.C. (2015) - Membrane processes are consolidated systems in various sectors of production for their capacity to operate at room temperature under low energetic consumption. Vaillant F., Cisse M., Chaverri M., Perez A., Dornier M., Viquez A., Dhuique-Mayer C., 2005, Clarification and concentration of melon juice using membrane processes, Innovative Food Science & Emerging technologies. Keywords: acerola; coefficient; juice; kda; membrane; permeate; pressure; psi; rejection; transmembrane; ultrafiltration
• cet-3406 by None (None) - On 22:20, a small explosion in the manhole of storm water trench occurred about 1 km away from the initial leak scene. Figure 6: Schematic diagram of storm water trench, the pipeline, and the spread of the leak propylene. Keywords: 1st; explosion; kaixuan; leak; pipeline; pressure; road; trench; vapour
• Gas Explosion Venting: External Explosion Turbulent Flame Speeds that Control the Overpressure by Fakandu, B.; Mbam, C.; Andrews, G.; Phylaktou, H. (2016) - Laminar Flame Venting Theory Most theories of venting assume that flow through the vent dominates the overpressure and that Pfv is the dominant overpressure [Cates and Samuels, 1991; Bauwens et al., 2010; Bradley and Mitcheson, 1978] and it will be shown in this section that NFPA 68 [2013] has adopted this approach to gas explosion vent design. In low flame speed explosions these pressure transducers had identical pressure time characteristics. Keywords: explosion; flame; overpressure; peak; pressure; vent; venting; vessel
• An Experimental Study on Vapor Cloud Explosion of Propane-Oxygen Stoichiometric Mixture by Heymes, F.; Aprin, L.; Slangen, P.; Lauret, P.; Lapebie, E.; Osmont, A. (2016) - Vapor cloud explosions involving gaseous fuel and pure oxygen may happen from the growing tendency towards the use of fuel–oxygen mixture as energy source (Hendershot et al., 2010) and since the chemical industry uses vast amounts of oxygen every year in a variety of chemical synthesis reactions. These factors depend on the rapidity of the combustion: blast waves overpressures associated with detonations are of the order of 15 atmospheres, whereas the corresponding values for deflagrations are typically two orders of magnitude less (100 mbar) (Lee, 1980). Keywords: blast; cloud; energy; explosion; explosive; mixture; oxygen; pressure; test
• Sensitivity Analysis of Dust Explosion Consequences in a Roller Mill using FLACS-DustEx by Ghaffari, M.; Van Wingerden, K.; Gjovag Hagen, J.T.; Skjold, T.; Storvik, I. (2016) - Roller mill The experiments described by van Wingerden et al. (2011) were performed in a Loesche LM 18 roller mill consisting of a mill chamber, a classifier and “a top” with coal feeder pipe and coal dust pipes. After a 90º bend, each of these outlets end up in two pipes of smaller diameter (coal dust pipes with diameter d = 384 mm). Keywords: coal; coal feeder; dust; feeder; mill; mill room; pressure; room
• Effect of Throat Length on Steam Ejector Critical Back Pressure by Bi, R.; Hu, M.; Wang, S.; Tan, X.; Zheng, S. (2017) - Result and discussion 4.1 The effect of ejector throat length to entrainment ratio From the simulation, we can see that with the increase of ejector throat length L2, there is little change of entrainment ratio. 1947 Figure 3: Contours of Mach number under different ejector’s throat length -200 0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 1600 1800 2000 31 32 33 34 35 36 P C ,m a x/k P a L 2 /mm Figure 4: The critical back pressure under different length of ejector’s throat 4.3 The effect of ejector throat length to the operating flexibility For the optimization of steam ejector, greater operating flexibility should be made on the premise of a par- ticular entrainment ratio. Keywords: ejector; fluid; length; pressure; steam; throat
• The Effect of Casting Method on Fatigue Property Magnesium Alloy Used in Sports Apparatus by Hou, Z.K. (2016) - And the fatigue properties of untrained AZ31 can be DOI: 10.3303/CET1651048 Please cite this article as: Hou Z.K., 2016, The effect of casting method on fatigue property magnesium alloy used in sports apparatus, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 51, 283-288 DOI:10.3303/CET1651048 283 understood. Wrought magnesium alloys can exhibit the higher strength and better plasticity than cast magnesium alloys, and show the more significant potential in further applications of magnesium based materials. Keywords: 0.15y; alloy; az91; casting; differential; fatigue; magnesium; magnesium alloy; pressure
• cet-4347 by None (None) - With the increase of tension, connector sealing ability declines, which is characterized with the decrease of maximum contact pressure, and PSC-Ⅰ is worse than the PSC- Ⅱ. Specially, contact pressure in sealing surface is higher than in the shoulder as the tension exceeds 600 kN, indicating that the sealing surface / spot played a major role for connector seal. This study has used the finite element method to compute the stress and contact pressure of the Premium Shouldered connector under different loads, including the tension, internal pressure and combined load. Keywords: connector; contact; load; mpa; pressure; sealing; stress; surface
• cet-5934 by None (None) - Vessel energy content The energy released in a BLEVE depends directly on the amount of material contained in the vessel, and on the temperature inside the vessel just before the explosion (and, therefore, on the pressure). Casal, J., Salla, J. M., 2006, Using liquid superheating energy for a quick estimation of overpressure in BLEVEs and similar explosions. Keywords: energy; explosion; liquid; overpressure; pressure; vessel
• cet-6904 by None (None) - It is shown that hydrophilic particles increase the mass discharge over time and reduce the pressure decrease over time by increasing the foaming of aqueous systems. In another study Wasan et al (2004) describe an increase of foaminess of systems with particles present and show that the effect is much stronger for biphilic particles than for hydrophilic particles. Keywords: discharge; particles; phase; pressure; systems; venting
• Experimental Study on Pressure Distributions around a Circular Cylinder in the Branch of a T-junction by Yin, Y.; Li, S.; Chen, K.; Wang, L.; Lin, M.; Wang, Q. (2017) - CHEMICAL ENGINEERING TRANSACTIONS VOL. 61, 2017 A publication of The Italian Association of Chemical Engineering Online at www.aidic.it/cet Guest Editors: Petar S Varbanov, Rongxin Su, Hon Loong Lam, Xia Liu, Jiří J Klemeš Copyright © 2017, AIDIC Servizi S.r.l. ISBN 978-88-95608-51-8; ISSN 2283-9216 Experimental Study on Pressure Distributions around a Circular Cylinder in the Branch of a T-junction Yantao Yina, Shicong Lia, Kai Chena, Liangbi Wangb, Mei Lina, Qiuwang Wanga* aKey Laboratory of Thermo-Fluid Science and Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710049, P.R. China bDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730070, P.R. China wangqw@mail.xjtu.edu.cn DOI: 10.3303/CET1761033 Please cite this article as: Yin Y., Li S., Chen K., Wang L., Lin M., Wang Q., 2017, Experimental study on pressure distributions around a circular cylinder in the branch of a t-junction, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 61, 211-216 DOI:10.3303/CET1761033 211 2. Keywords: benchmark; d h; h =; pressure
• cet-8915 by None (None) - In order to determine this parameter, sources emission contemporaneity has to be considered, because hazardous biogas concentrations can be present both near the source and far from the release point (Pietrangeli and Lauri, 2018). Lauri R., Pietrangeli B., Bragatto P.A., 2013, Safe operation of biogas plants in Italy, Chemical Engineering Transactions,32, 199-204, DOI:10.3303/CET1332034. Keywords: biogas; compressor; grade; iec; pressure; release; ventilation; zone
• cet-8916 by None (None) - Explosion pressure, rate of explosion pressure rise and deflagration index of the methanol mixture reach maximum values near the stoichiometric concentration at 17 vol. Skřínský J., Skřínská M., 2014, Calculation of maximum explosion pressure for gaseous C1-C3 oxidiser mixtures with different initial temperatures in a spherical closed volume. Keywords: air; explosion; methanol; pressure; vol
• cet-8918 by None (None) - The symbols have the following meaning: Pr = maximum reflected pressure on the front-side PSO = maximum pressure on the rear-side td = positive phase duration of the pressure wave ∆t = D/us = time required for pressure wave passing across an object of diameter (D) with shock velocity (us) Differential pressure PDP can be calculated, at each time-step, using the equations below (valid for ∆t ≤ td/2): = ∙ 2⁄ − ∙ − ∆2⁄ ≤ 2⁄ ∙ −2⁄ − ∙ −∆2⁄ > 2⁄ (7) Figure 2 (from UFC 3-340- 02), shows the graphical relation between dynamic pressure and incident (side-on) pressure, in U.S. customary units. Keywords: blast; design; pressure; wave
• cet-8920 by None (None) - In the fields with pipelines, tunnels, cave depots and other works (Qi et al., 2016), the internal structure in confined space is complex and diverse, and there are a certain number of branches (Li et al., 2016), bends (Zhou et al., 2006), etc. It is of great significance to improve the safety of industrial production by conducting research on explosions that occur in confined spaces containing curved pipe structures. Keywords: air; bend; explosion; flame; gasoline; overpressure; pipe; pressure; space

• Developing and implementing a Human Reliability improvement program for a multinational petrochemicals company by McLeod, Ronald; De Araujo, Douglas; Meireles, Antonio; Thompson, Timothy (2019) - The pillars and improvement elements have been integrated into Braskem’s corporate management system, supported by Directives and associated training. Table 1: Improvement elements for each of the HR Pillars Leadership and Culture Fitness and Competence Design of Work Systems Leadership Reporting Culture Deference to expertise Avoiding Complacency Learning and improvement Personal Responsibility Execution Discipline Fatigue Management Training and Competence Motivations and Incentives Supervision Staffing and Workload Team Working Management of Change Pre-job risk assessment Critical Communications Critical Tasks (Process Safety & Routine) Keywords: braskem; equipment; improvement; reliability; risk; safety; work
• cet-12234 by None (None) - An even broader approach is to investigate multiple incidents in order to find causes and characteristics that are common to a larger number of incidents. Thus, it can be beneficial to look at multiple incidents and see if there are common root causes that can be targeted with a reduced set of measures. Keywords: barrier; database; failure; incidents; safeguarding; safety; start; valves
• cet-12235 by None (None) - Table 1: distribution of Tesla model fires known records as a function of reported root causes (multiple EV fires in stores or car carrier excluded) Fire root cause or circumstance # EV fires (-) Proportion of EV fires (%) However, the fervent quest for ever improved performance at static (if not reduced) costs makes ensuring that safety is adequately addressed ever more challenging, as reflected in the numerous recalls of EVs in the last two years following EV fires (Hyundai Kona, Chevy Bolt…). Keywords: batteries; battery; bess; energy; fires; incidents; ion; safety; systems; vehicles
• cet-12243 by None (None) - The majority of operators, i.e. 44 out of 55 stated that they develop safety culture on the premises by introducing safety culture activities and conduct assessment. 11 establishments that did not employ any activity for safety culture improvement stated that they were satisfied with their current state of safety culture or did not have necessary means to improve it, e.g. capacity, time, finances. Keywords: activities; culture; directive; establishments; management; operators; safety
• cet-12247 by None (None) - In the model proposed, human error probability is the product of the interaction among three elements: the type of task to be performed (generic task type, GTT), the conditional factors affecting performance (performance shaping factor, PSF), and human factors (human barriers, HB), deriving from the human and organizational factors aimed at preventing errors from the workers. Accepted: 24 April 2022 Please cite this article as: Guglielmi D., Paolucci A., Fraboni F., Mariani M.G., Pietrantoni L., Casson Moreno V., Cozzani V., Mora C., Borzi M., Soscia I., Scataglini L., 2022, Improving the assessment of human barriers: an innovative methodology for the Energy industry, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 90, 715-720 DOI:10.3303/CET2290120 CHEMICAL ENGINEERING TRANSACTIONS VOL. 90, 2022 A publication of The Italian Association of Chemical Engineering Online at www.cetjournal.it Guest Editors: Aleš Bernatík, Bruno Fabiano Copyright © 2022, AIDIC Servizi S.r.l. ISBN 978-88-95608-88-4; ISSN 2283-9216 Improving the Assessment of Human Barriers: an Innovative Methodology for the Energy Industry Dina Guglielmia, Alessio Paoluccia, Federico Frabonib, Marco Giovanni Marianib, Luca Pietrantonib, Valeria Casson Morenoc, Valerio Cozzanic, Cristina Morad, Marco Borzie, Irene Sosciae, Luciano Scataglinie a Department of Educational Science, University of Bologna, Viale Filippo Re 6, Bologna 40126 (Italy) Keywords: barriers; error; factors; methodology; performance; probability; safeguard; safety; task
• cet-12249 by None (None) - Brainstorming, mind-mapping, discussions with professionals, working on case studies and project methods were used for education and training in HSE risk management. Project-based Course: New voluntary course on HSE risk management developed on the Google Classroom blended learning platform. Keywords: education; hse; learning; management; professionals; project; risk; safety; students; teaching; tools
• cet-13137 by None (None) - Moreover, the 3D allows to take into consideration the difference of height among different equipment, which is not possible for standard risk assessment tools. The probability of ignition for unintentional scenarios were gathered from the results of the ARAMIS project (de Dianous and Fiévez, 2006); the same values were used for intentional attack scenarios, since dedicated values are currently lacking in the literature. Keywords: assessment; effects; equipment; figure; plant; risk; safety; scenarios; security; tool
• cet-13822 by None (None) - 502 3.2 Detailed feature analysis Figure 1: Calculated feature importance. To achieve this, a Random Forest Regressor (Breiman, 2001) is implemented, a powerful machine learning algorithm capable of capturing complex relationships and providing insights into feature importance. Keywords: decision; energy; factors; feature; forest; importance; risks; safety; transition
• cet-14336 by None (None) - Analyzing these countries with substantial discrepancies between their SDG and road safety rankings could offer valuable insights into potential challenges and opportunities for improvement in both domains. Although many interesting and relevant sources are available both about road safety performances and sustainability ranking of countries, no literature was found about the interaction of these two aspects. Keywords: countries; country; development; rank; ranking; road; safety; sdg; sustainability
• cet-14653 by None (None) - The study investigates the updated national and international regulatory plan for occupational safety to identify the key priorities and actions required to improve worker health and safety in the upcoming years. In particular, the introduction and use of digital technologies such as wearable devices and artificial intelligence prove to be an opportunity to support production processes and occupational safety (Körner et al., 2019). Keywords: european; health; human; osha; risks; safety; systems; technologies; work
• cet-14656 by None (None) - The positive feedback received from participants underlines the positive reception of the TTT approach in safety training, also in the context of home care. The importance of considering emotions in the development of effective safety training courses in the food industry. Keywords: case; factors; health; homecare; module; participants; safety; study; training; ttt
• cet-14659 by None (None) - The pandemic provided an opportunity to bring these two systems together and prompted researchers to investigate the theme of risk assessment to strengthen system resilience (Taarup-Esbensen, 2020) to ensure safety and prevent operational shutdowns (Fabiano et al., 2022). In this regard, the last report of INAIL (INAIL, 2023) observed a decreasing trend of COVID-19 related accident in Italy over time, since their incidence was of 1 in 4 in 2020, 1 in 12 in 2021 and 1 in 6 in 2022, all based on claim reporting. Keywords: covid-19; experience; fabiano; pandemic; port; resilience; risk; safety; systems; workers; years
• cet-14679 by None (None) - The layout and location of the tanks and heat fluxes from tanks received by the residential areas in the event of tank fire at adjacent tanks are illustrated in Figure 1. The safety manager has decided to prepare a firefighting strategy for a future scenario in case of tank fire at tank T5 when there are three available firefighting trucks (L=4) and a total of 19,000 m3 of water available for firefighting (𝑊𝑚𝑎𝑥). Keywords: firefighting; risk; safety; strategies; tank
• cet-14701 by None (None) - State High Present Detection Success Success Success Success Success Success Prior Probability 0.85 0.40 0.30 0.38 0.95 0.11 0.96 0.96 0.96 As it can be seen, the prior probabilities of safety barriers (Nodes 3) are higher than that of security barriers (Nodes 2). For this reason, this work shows a methodology to assess the economic losses associated to intentional attack scenarios considering the synergistic performance of safety and security barriers and potential domino effects. Keywords: attack; barriers; case; equipment; losses; nodes; safety; security
• cet-14714 by None (None) - In spite of the significance of the matter, scarce attention has been devoted in the existing literature to the study of Natech accidents caused by cold waves, and the effects of such natural events on safety systems are only marginally considered. Safety systems are crucial for managing risks in industries dealing with hazardous materials and processes (Mannan, 2005). Keywords: barriers; failure; protection; safety; systems; waves; ⚪ ⚪
• cet-15133 by None (None) - Historically, safety systems in SMR relied on mechanical devices like valves to manage hazards. However, for electrified reformers, safety interlock systems and reliability assessments remain underdeveloped, and clear procedures have yet to be defined. Keywords: control; function; industry; power; safety; smr; steam; sto; systems; torque
• cet-15724 by None (None) - The ontology for Seveso establishments The application of the methodology summarised in Section 2 permitted obtaining a novel ontology to support safety management in industrial Seveso establishments by addressing the various actors, organisations, equipment, processes, and their interactions prescribed by the Directive and occurred in an industrial setting. This paper has proposed a new ontology to support safety management in industrial Seveso establishments handling dangerous substances. Keywords: apparatus; class; directive; establishments; et al; management; number; ontology; safety; seveso
• cet-2130 by None (None) - It should be emphasized that, apart their intrinsic importance, the evident criticalities can be symptomatic of not immediately identifiable OS&H problems;  safety inspections can then result particularly onerous in terms of resources an time involved: practical experience confirms that, whilst at depth inspections thoroughly covering the critical operations can be sparse, the elementary level inspections should be frequent, to promote the attention to OS&H of personnel with various qualifications working in the yard. 400 Table 3: Results of the CCCP technique applied to the considered 2006 accident Figure 3: Minimum information to collect previously to the beginning of yard activities. Keywords: activities; coordinator; health; health matters; matters; project; safety; stage
• Risk-based Structural Response against Explosion Blast Loads: Systematic One-to-one CFD (FLACS) / NLFEA (Impetus Afea solver) Coupling to Derive Quantified Response Exceedance by Salaun, Nicolas; Hanssen Arve, Grønsund; Nilsen Per, Erik (2016) - Probabilistic analysis of gas explosion loads. For the risk owner, it improves the comprehension and implications upon the relation between explosion loads and their consequences on structures carrying critical safety functions. Keywords: explosion; figure; flacs; gexcon; impetus; loads; response; risk; safety; wall
• Application of Bayesian Networks to Quantitative Assessment of Safety Barriers’ Performance in the Prevention of Major Accidents by Villa, V.; Cozzani, V. (2016) - In the Bayesian approach, safety barriers performance has been assessed by means of specific gates, depending on barriers states and classification. De Dianous V., Fiévez C., 2006, ARAMIS project: A more explicit demonstration of risk control through the use of bow-tie diagrams and the evaluation of safety barrier performance, Journal of Hazardous Materials, 130, 220-233, DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2005.07.010 Jensen F.V., Nielsen T.D., 2007, Bayesian Networks and Decision Graphs, Second edition, Springer, New York, USA. Keywords: barriers; bayesian; event; performance; probability; safety; safety barriers; � �
• Safety Participation in the Workplace: an Assessment Tool of Proactive Safety Orientations by Individuals (PRO-SAFE) by Curcuruto, M. (2016) - Within this framework, the construct of proactive safety orientation toward safety emerged as a general and broad set of psychological orientations by individuals in managing safety issues, preventing injuries, improving workplace safety conditions and sustainability of organizational contexts, beyond the mere avoidance of negative events for individuals, teams and organizations. In the light of these conceptual bases, the aim of the present research is to define an original assessment tool of “proactive safety orientation” to assess the psychological factors leading individuals toward a more proactive and participative approach to safety management and risk prevention in the workplace. Keywords: dimensions; individuals; management; orientation; proactivity; research; role; safety; workplace
• Remote Pilot Aircraft System (RPAS): just Culture, Human Factors and Learnt Lessons by Fontaine, O.; Martinetti, A.; Michaelides Mateou, S. (2016) - In addition, future RPAS pilots, operators and all stakeholders need to achieve an optimum level of knowledge regarding safety issues. A survey to evaluate the background of future RPAS pilots was conducted at the beginning of 2014 and over 1000 responses were obtained. Keywords: aircraft; aviation; collision; knowledge; level; pilot; risk; rpas; safety; survey
• Incidents Triggered by Failures of Level Sensors by Ansaldi, S.; Agnello, P.; Bragatto, P. (2016) - Level sensors are available or can be designed using variety of sensing principles. This type of accident is well known in the history of process industries, but, unfortunately, it continues to DOI: 10.3303/CET1653038 Please cite this article as: Ansaldi S., Agnello P., Bragatto P., 2016, Incidents triggered by failures of level sensors, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 53, 223-228 DOI: 10.3303/CET1653038 223 repeat over the years. Keywords: accident; distance; failure; incidents; level; misses; safety; search; sensors; systems; tankg
• cet-4056 by None (None) - The laws on food safety in China consist of a set of laws, guided by Food Safety Law, Product Quality Law and Standardization Law, with special regulations on food safety including Food Hygiene Administrative Punishment Measures and Food Hygiene Supervision Procedures as the main body, and supplemented by relevant specifications in laws and rules such as Law on Protection of Consumers Rights and Interests, Contagious Law Prevention Law, Criminal Law, etc. Social supervision mechanism of media (including network media and so on), experts, public figures and the public has drawbacks in the field of food safety. Keywords: enterprises; food; gmf; haccp; human; law; public; risk; safety
• cet-9882 by None (None) - Experience shows that it is sometimes difficult to see the benefits of major investments in Process Safety, because they are related to a reduction of the costs of an accident (fewer lost lives, less damaged equipment, smaller clean up), as opposed to increased production margins. The analysis stemmed from a previous extensive assessment of Safety Integrity Level across all Sites of the Company, which is resumed in the following Chapter. Keywords: benefit; cost; iec; investments; plant; safety; sif; sil

• Study on Mitigative Effects of Exogenous No Donor Sodium Nitroprusside on Corn Nickel Toxicity by Liu, Yangwu; Luo, Ping (2017) - Experimental design and results Through test on germination of corn seed with indoor incubation at constant temperature, it’s necessary to firstly determine the germination rate, germination potential, germination index and vitality index of corn seeds at different nickel concentrations, further measure the germination rate, germination potential, germination index and vitality index of corn seeds at different sodium nitroprusside concentrations, and confirm the selection of concentration of nickel sodium nitroprusside. There, study on mitigative effects of exogenous NO on corn nickel toxicity plays an important practical significance in preventing nickel pollution, improving crop yield, ensure crop quality and prevent the harm of nickel (Mansour et al., 2016). Keywords: concentration; corn; corn seeds; germination; nickel; nitroprusside; seeds; sodium
• cet-11488 by None (None) - This work has to be regarded as a preliminary approach to the investigation of dust cloud dynamics within the Hartman tube through high-speed video post-processing and, with further verification tests (different operative conditions and/or type of dust), could constitute a relatively quick procedure to study turbulence structures and the adequate time scale to operate the MIE test. It is evident that the second contains a greater quantity of information: in particular, the areas where there are variations in brightness (therefore in dust concentration) are highlighted. Keywords: cloud; concentration; dust; image; luminance; speed; time; tube; video
• cet-12549 by None (None) - Results show the possibility of valorizing coffee pulp by extracting tannins and other polyphenols and reveal possible uses of process streams. Coffee pulp comprises 30% of the dried fruit and between 40% and 50% of the wet fruit, thus it becomes the main residue of this industry. Keywords: coffee; concentration; extraction; polyphenols; pulp; sodium; tannins
• cet-12793 by None (None) - Heat killed culture cells and azide exposed cultures were used to determine the extent of abiotic Cr(VI) reduction in the batch experiments (Chirwa, 2005). The plant received high periodic loadings of Cr(VI) contaminated effluent from an abandoned chrome processing foundry within the chrome mining town of Brits. Keywords: atcc; bacillus; cells; chirwa; coli; concentration; cr(vi; culture; g(−ve; reduction; sludge; species
• cet-12795 by None (None) - 2.4 Bioaccumulation factor (BAF) and Translocation factor (TF) BAF is the quotient of Pd concentration in the roots (mg g -1) and initial pot concentration (ppm), TF is the quotient of Pd content in the leaves and Pd content in the roots (mg g -1). Vetiver grass had Pd concentrations above 1000 ng g-1 in both roots and shoots showing that vetiver grass can hyperaccumulate palladium. Keywords: concentration; grass; metals; palladium; platinum; ppm; roots; vetiver; vetiver grass
• cet-12805 by None (None) - As shown in Figure 2, the spectral correction leads to peak concentration values significantly higher than those obtained by using the sample variance as measured by the instrument (Figure 2 concentration-axis scale is logarithmic). 2.1 Definition of peak concentration and its determination The instantaneous concentration c(t) of a gas in the PBL can be considered as a stationary stochastic process whose statistical properties are completely defined by a probability density function (PDF) that has to be determined experimentally (see, e.g., Cassiani et al., 2020 for a review), and is well described by a Gamma distribution (Nironi et al. 2015). Keywords: concentration; gases; h2s; mean; peak; ppb; values
• cet-12823 by None (None) - The present work describes a research project, currently ongoing, concerning the realisation of an innovative IOMS network for the real-time measurement of odour concentration at the fenceline of a plant for the treatment of organic waste. In this context, this paper describes a research project concerning the development of an innovative IOMS network for real-time monitoring of odour concentration at the fenceline of a waste treatment plant (WTP) producing biomethane and quality compost. Keywords: concentration; fenceline; ioms; monitoring; odour; plant; samples
• cet-12826 by None (None) - Sironi S., Capelli L., Céntola P., Del Rosso, R., Pierucci S., 2010, Odour impact assessment by means of dynamic olfactometry, dispersion modelling and social participation, Atmospheric Environment, 44(3), 354- 360. a) b) 162 39lotesoriere.pdf A Method to Evaluate Odour Impacts in the Case of Highly Variable Emission Scenarios: a Case Study in a Foundry This led to an increase of odour emissions associated to the different operating conditions of foundries. Keywords: concentration; conditions; emissions; furnaces; impact; odour; plant; smelting
• cet-12840 by None (None) - Figure 3 Effect of binder concentration on granule Size distribution (with consolidation and agglomeration Kernel) 3.3 Impact of binder volumetric flow rate with consolidation and agglomeration Kernel From Table 1 and Figure 4, increasing binder flow rate increases the mean granule size. Figure 5 shows the volume fraction against particle size distribution at a constant binder concentration and binder flow rate under various fluidised air flow rates. Keywords: binder; concentration; flow; granulation; granule; rate; simulation; size
• cet-12842 by None (None) - More specifically, a sharp decrease in H2S headspace concentration was recorded for the first 60 min of assay, followed by a gradual decrease in H2S fate along with the occurrence of lower gas-liquid concentrations gradients. Figure 2: Time course of H2S headspace concentration under different concentrations of N-NO3 - (a), N-NO2 - (b) and activated sludge (100 mg VSS/L) Keywords: concentration; h2s; no2; no3; wastewater
• cet-13076 by None (None) - Design of wastewater concentration device and schematic scheme of experimental design and sampling (created by BioRender.com) 2.3 Performance evaluation of wastewater concentration device During the performance evaluation, tests were done for investigating (1) the attachment of SFV to the microfilter surface (tests were carried out using deionized water instead of wastewater and spiked with SFV particles; the standard protocol of wastewater concentration was applied from 2.2 paragraph and samples were taken for recovery rate analysis); (2) the attachment of SFV to wastewater particles (tests were carried out using microfiltered wastewater instead of untreated wastewater and spiked with SFV particles; samples after microfiltration were not taken; the standard protocol of wastewater concentration device was carried out according to the 2.2 paragraph); (3) the impact of SFV negative charge attachment to wastewater macro- particles (SFV particles were sonicated for 30 sec to reduce viral particle attachment to each other; sonicated particles were added to microfilter treated wastewater; samples after microfiltration were not taken). 2.2 Design of wastewater concentration device The wastewater concentration device design and schematic scheme of sampling are presented in Figure 1. Keywords: concentration; cov-2; device; et al; recovery; rna; sars; wastewater
• cet-13080 by None (None) - Nomenclature CBSG – concentration of dry solid biomass, g L-1 CEtOH – Ethanol Concentration, g L-1 CS – Sugar concentration, g L-1 t – time, h Venz – enzyme volume injected in the reactor, mL VR – reactor Volume, L xG – glucose mass fraction in dried BSG, - xG,enz – glucose mass fraction in enzyme blend, - xGn – glucan mass fraction in dried BSG, - YG – glucose yield, % YEtOH – ethanol yield, % ρenz – enzyme density, g mL-1 References Cassells B., Karhumaa K., Sànchez i Nogué V., Lidén G., 2017, Hybrid SSF/SHF Processing of SO2 Pretreated Wheat Straw—Tuning Co-fermentation by Yeast Inoculum Size and Hydrolysis Time. Nevertheless, this paper focuses on glucose concentration because the yeast used in this work is highly selective toward glucose. Keywords: bsg; concentration; ethanol; fermentation; glucose; hydrolysis; pre; saccharification; xylose; yield
• cet-13096 by None (None) - 103 mailto:felipe.correa@profesores.uamerica.edu.co From which valorization alternatives have been developed such as composting, animal feed, production of edible fungi and biogas (Manasa et al., 2021), as well as tests for the removal of cationic dyes from synthetic waters with coffee pulp extracts (Correa et al., 2021). A wide range of high-value technologies have been reported to be used for their removal, including photocatalytic degradation with zinc nanoparticles synthesized in plant extracts (Dihom et al., 2022), advanced oxidation with ozone, ultraviolet radiation (Dadban Shahamat et al., 2022) and microbial electrolytic reactions coupled to plant microbial fuel cells (Liu et al., 2023), for these reasons there have been urgent calls for the treatment of effluents containing azo dye residues to eliminate them or convert them into useful and safe products (Benkhaya et al., 2020). Keywords: acid; azo; coagulant; coffee; concentration; dyes; removal
• cet-13100 by None (None) - Nowadays, the Watts nickel solution is the most wildly used and requires a mixture of nickel chloride, nickel sulphate and boric acid with high metal concentration, as far as 100g/L. 127 The ability to monitor the concentration of the Watt solution over time using appropriate sensor ensures, on one hand, the correct and homogeneous distribution of the metal on the chosen substrate and, on the other, it guarantees no leak of Ni, a metal harmful either to the environment and human, from the bath. The calibration curve based on the specific absorbance values is shown in Figure 2b; the R2 value, which is close to 1 (R2=0,99), confirms the high linearity toward metal concentrations. Keywords: concentration; figure; metal; nickel; solutions
• cet-13113 by None (None) - The optimum conditions for Cr(VI) ions adsorption were found to be at pH 4, with contact period of only 30 min at 200 rpm, resulting in 92.9% adsorption efficiency and 99.6% maximum adsorption efficiency after 120 min at 200 rpm, using Cr(VI) ions at concentration of 0.5, 1.0 and 5.0 mg/L. 1. Arabinogalactan (AG) is a polysaccharide, that has high adsorption capacity for Cr(VI) ions. Keywords: adsorbent; adsorption; capacity; concentration; cr(vi; mnps; solution
• cet-13133 by None (None) - This value is very small, in the order of mg L-1 as typical for carbohydrate substrates (Doran, 2013). The specific growth rate was observed to increase together with 0.000 0.010 0.020 0.030 0.040 0.050 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 µ ( h -1 ) S (mg L-1) µmax= 0.047 h-1 K s = 2.06 mg L -1 Figure 4: Kinetic of the removal of glucose from synthetic wastewater with different initial concentration of glucose. Keywords: chlorella; concentration; glucose; growth; kinetic; l-1; mg l-1
• cet-13532 by None (None) - In this study, Pickering emulsions stabilized by different concentrations of modified starch nanoparticles (HSNP), and various emulsification times were evaluated in terms of physical stability, rheological properties (flow curves) and microstructure. Introduction The application of natural biocolloidal particles is one of the promising alternatives (green label) to produce Pickering emulsions. Keywords: concentration; emulsification; emulsions; nanoparticles; pickering; stability; starch; time
• cet-13739 by None (None) - 3. Results In this section, sedimentation trends and filtration times of produced Mg(OH)2 suspensions are discussed along with Mg2+ recoveries and Mg(OH)2 purity values. 3 3.1 Influence of bittern flow rate The influence of bittern flow rate on Mg(OH)2 suspension sedimentation and filterability properties was studied by increasing the bittern flow rate from 12 L/h (Cases #1) to 30 L/h (Cases #2). Keywords: bittern; cases; concentration; mg(oh)2; mg2; naoh; solutions; suspension
• cet-13751 by None (None) - Results suggest that increasing the current density, the acid concentration rises at fixed base concentration of 1 mol l-1. This phenomenon could be due to the lower impact of the diffusive flux, towards the salt channel, with respect to the migrative flux of protons, generated in the inter-layer of the bipolar membrane, at higher current densities. Keywords: acid; base; concentration; current; density; edbm; feed; m-2; membrane; stack
• cet-13781 by None (None) - Figure 2: Comparison of major cations (A) and anions (B) concentration for Real Brine evaporation at 40 and 120 °C. Figure 3: Comparison of major cations (A) and anions (B) concentration for Artificial Brine evaporation with and without the addition of 1.2 mg/l of antiscalant. Keywords: brine; concentration; crystallization; evaporation; figure; phreeqc; tests
• cet-13805 by None (None) - Conclusions Preliminary tests carried out in a low traffic narrow and deep street canyon showed the potentiality of RS technique for the identification of high emitter vehicles measuring FP concentrations with a CPC. Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment, 68, 122-136 Murena and M.V. Prati “The contribution of high emitters vehicles to FPs number concentration in the historical center of Naples” 12th International Conference on Air Quality – Science and Application Thessaloniki, 9-13 March 2020 Murena F. Sustainable Development of the Historic Centre of Naples: The Impact of Vehicular Traffic and Food Service Business on Air Quality. Keywords: concentration; direction; peak; speed; street; time; vehicle; wind
• cet-13828 by None (None) - Despite the possibility of valorizing brines, there are still significant knowledge gaps that hinder the large-scale application of EDBM, such as (i) the influence of multi-ionic feed solution on membrane performance, (ii) the lack of data on long-term operation (Blommaert et al., 2021), (iii) the study of scaling forming agents in terms of operational issues, and (iv) the need for developing new membranes with enhanced separation properties, lower costs, and reduced electrical resistance. They were able to achieve solutions containing 10.2 wt. % HCl (~3 mol/L) and Keywords: acid; base; concentration; edbm; feed; membranes; mol; naoh; solution
• cet-14412 by None (None) - Figure 3b demonstrates the direct correlation of R6G adsorbed concentration versus Raman intensity. 9 Figure 2: (a) Calibration curves for R6G in solution; (b) R6G isotherm Correlating Raman Intensity and R6G Adsorption. Keywords: adsorption; concentration; detection; r6 g; raman; sers; substrates; surface
• cet-14473 by None (None) - On the other hand, in the synthesis of silver and cadmium sulfide nanoparticles, values of 0.034 and 3.2 mM FRAP respectively, have been reported (Loa et al., 2023; Phongtongpasuk et al., 2016). Therefore, some species of sargassum, since they are a rich source of antioxidants, are used in nanobiotechnology for the synthesis of different nanomaterials, by using bioactive compounds (reducing agents) for the nanoparticles synthesis (Flieger et al., 2021). Keywords: concentration; et al; extracts; sargassum; sulfates
• cet-14751 by None (None) - Annex 2 of Ministerial Directive No. 309 of June 28, 2023, regarding sampling (MASE, 2023), specifies that: - to verify compliance with emission limits, sampling must be conducted with the plant in operation under conditions leading to the maximisation of odour emissions. In general, the following situations can be considered: - Emissions that can be considered characterised by reasonably constant emission levels, both in terms of flow (Nm3/h) and chemical characteristics, and consequently, in terms of odour emissions. - Emissions which are not reasonably constant and must be characterised by sampling multiple gaseous portions, each representative of a different emission condition of interest, possibly taken at the most critical moment from the perspective of odour emissions. Keywords: concentration; emission; monitoring; odour; pid; sampling; source; terms
• cet-14773 by None (None) - 1. Introduction Changes in emission sources, land use and topography influence odour concentrations (Arregocés and Rojano, 2023). This paper delineates a comparative analysis of odour concentrations from two sources across four different locations. Keywords: concentration; dispersion; odour; source; speed; wind
• cet-14802 by None (None) - This paper investigated the relationship between independent variables (initial rainwater quality, circulation time) and dependent variables (yield, effective partition coefficient (K), removal efficiency) and discussed the effect of PFC on rainwater TDS, pH, colour and turbidity. A linear regression model and Pearson correlation coefficient (ρ), Eq(1) were used to determine the relationship between rainfall amount, ADD and rainwater TDS, where cov is covariance and σ is standard deviation (Steiner, 2008). Keywords: concentration; ice; pfc; quality; rainfall; rainwater; roof; supercooling; tds; time
• cet-14971 by None (None) - (Cheng et al., 2023) Vertically downward (Ceiling- mounted) To evaluate the efficiency of operating room ventilation in reducing and eliminating aerosol particles during general endotracheal anaesthesia. Cong W., Sture H., Sasan S., 2018, Numerical study of temperature-controlled airflow in comparison with turbulent mixing and laminar airflow for operating room ventilation, Building and Environment,144, 0360- 1323. Keywords: air; airflow; concentration; exhaust; journal; operating; particle; potential; room; systems; ventilation
• cet-15095 by None (None) - There were significant differences between all treatments on the solubility index of potato starch films (Figure 2A). Table 1: Anova test on potato starch films characteristics. Keywords: concentration; density; et al; films; food; glycerol; polymers; potato; properties; starch; thickness
• cet-15098 by None (None) - hydrolysis reactions Conversion 2 6 2 2 4 2 42 2C H O CO C H O CH+ → + Ethanol 0.6 ± 0.1 (1) 5 8 4 2 5 10 5C H O H O C H O+ → Hemicellulose 0.6 ± 0.0 (2) 5 8 4 2 2 4 22.5C H O H O C H O+ → Hemicellulose 0.5 ± 0.2 (3) 5 10 5 5 4 2 23C H O C H O H O+ → Xylose 0.6 ± 0.0 (4) 6 12 6 2 2 6 22 2C H O H O C H O CO+ → + Cellulose 0.4 ± 0.1 (5) ( )6 12 6 2 6 12 6n C H O H O nC H O+ → Cellulose 0.4 ± 0.1 (6) ( )6 12 6 2 6 12 6n C H O H O nC H O+ → Starch 0.6 ± 0.2 (7) H O H O C H O C H O C H O+ → + + Palmito-linolein 0.6 ± 0.2 (10) 37 70 5 2 3 8 3 16 34 18 34 24.1 2.1 0.9 0.9C H O H O C H O C H O C H O+ → + + Palmito-olein 0.6 ± 0.2 (11) 51 98 6 2 3 8 3 16 348.436 4 2.43C H O H O C H O C H O+ → + Tripalmate 0.5 ± 0.3 (12) 57 104 6 2 3 8 3 18 34 23 3C H O H O C H O C H O+ → + Triolein 0.5 ± 0.2 (13) Keywords: c h; concentration; exergy; h h; h n; h o; o c
• cet-15360 by None (None) - Kobayashi, D., Honma, C., Suzuki, A., Takahashi, T., Matsumoto, H., Kuroda, C., Otake, K., Shono, A., 2012, Comparison of ultrasonic degradation rates constants of methylene blue at 22.8 kHz, 127 kHz, and 490 kHz, Ultrasonics Sonochemistry, 19, 745-749. Sekiguchi and Saita (2001) have also investigated the effect of alumina particle addition on ultrasonic degradation of organic materials. Keywords: concentration; degradation; particle; rate; tio2
• cet-15454 by None (None) - The factorial design comprised three level variations for sodium chloride concentration as well as for electrical potential on the effect of sodium hypochlorite concentration and specific energy consumption. Table 1: Physical-chemical characteristics of the membranes used adapted from Membrane / Characteristic MK-40 MA-41 Electric resistance (Ω.cm2) 2 <11 Ion-exchange capacity (meq/g dry membrane) 2 1.6 Transport number >0.98 0.98 ± 0.02 in 1 M NaCl Thickness (𝜇𝑚) 520 530 ± 20 1220 2.4 Design of experiment by full factorial method The design contemplated the effect of two factors at three levels for each variable to evaluate their effect on sodium hypochlorite concentration and energy consumption. Keywords: concentration; exchange; hypochlorite; membrane; naclo; sodium; sodium hypochlorite; solution
• A Factorial Analysis Study on Removal of Mercury by Palm Oil Fuel Ash Adsorbent by Syafiqah, I.; Wan Yussof, H.; Azoddein, A.A.M.; Chandraseagar, S.; Wan Ishak, F. (2017) - 3.2 Factors affecting mercury removal efficiency The highest percentage of mercury removal was obtained at 98.03 % with the adsorption conditions at 100 rpm, pH 2, 4 h, 5 mg/L of initial concentration of the Hg2+ solution, and 0.25 g of adsorbent dosage as shown in Table 2. A half fraction two-level factorial analysis with five factors was selected for the experimental design to determine the best adsorption conditions for mercury removal. Keywords: adsorbent; concentration; effect; efficiency; hg2; mercury; pofa; removal; solution
• Enzymatic Hydrolysis of Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunch using Membrane Reactor by Ghazali, N.F.; Pahlawi, Q.A.; Hanim, K.M.; Makhtar, N.A. (2017) - Cellulase was tested for its reusability up to 216 h in enzymatic membrane reactor. Productivity increased remarkably from 0.003 g to 0.01 g of reducing sugar/FPU enzyme in batch reactor and enzymatic membrane reactor because the enzyme was reused. Keywords: cellulase; concentration; efb; enzyme; flux; hydrolysis; membrane; reactor; substrate; sugar
• Effect of Blumea Balsamifera Extract in the Kinetics of Calcium Oxalate Crystallisation by Montealegre, C.M.; Ilao, A.C.; Mendoza, R.V.T.; Carpio, R.P.M.; Leon, R.L.D. (2017) - This is consistent with various literature data on calcium oxalate crystallisation where the reported reaction order is 2 (Öner et al., 2015). Saha S., Verma R.J., 2013, Inhibition of calcium oxalate crystallisation in vitro by an extract of Bergenia ciliata, Arab Journal of Urology 11 (2), 187–192. 1638 Keywords: balsamifera; calcium; concentration; crystallisation; extract; oxalate; rate
• Biomass Briquettes using Indonesia Durian Seeds as Binder Agent: The Effect of Binder Concentration on the Briquettes Properties by Cahyono, R.B.; Santoso, J.; Miliati, R. (2017) - 1665 Figure 2: Density and heating value testing of durian seeds briquettes at differences binder concentration Figure 2 shows heating value of briquettes decreased when binder concentration were changed from 4 to 8 % and remained constant after that binder concetration. Figure 3: Compressive strength and shatter index testing of durian seeds briquettes at differences binder concentration Figure 3 shows compressive strength increased at high binder concentration. Keywords: agent; binder; briquettes; concentration; content; durian; material; seeds; shell
• Modelling and Optimization of Poly-Aromatic-Hydrocarbons Biodegradation by Bulab 5738 by Prasciolu, C.; Perra, V.; Desogus, F.; Tronci, S.; Currelli, N.; Saiu, G.; Grosso, M. (2017) - Eng., Article ID 801213, 2015,11, DOI: 10.1155/2015/801213 Vila J., Tauler M., Grifoll M., 2015, Bacterial PAH degradation in marine and terrestrial habitats, Curr. Mrozic A., 2003, Bacterial degradation and bioremediation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. Keywords: catechol; concentration; degradation; effect; growth; phenanthrene; pyrene; removal; table
• cet-2128 by None (None) - The effect of influent metal ion Zn(II) concentration (10 and 100 mg/L) on Zn(II) removal was investigated and the experimental breakthrough curves were obtained. Operation of the column was stopped when equilibrium between influent and effluent Zn(II) ion concentration was achieved (99% of an initial Zn(II) concentration). Keywords: bed; biosorbent; biosorption; column; concentration; peat; removal; sphagnum; zn(ii
• Technology of Using Municipal Wastewater for Obtaining Chlorella Vulgaris Biomass with High Lipid Content for Biofuel Production by Dvoretsky, D.; Dvoretsky, S.; Temnov, M.; Markin, I.; Bushkovskaya, A.; Golubyatnikov, O.; Ustinskaya, Y. (2018) - Thus, different strains of microalgae with different degrees of efficiency purify municipal wastewater from cities located at different geographical latitudes, and therefore, studies to assess the effectiveness of strains for wastewater treatment and their ability to accumulate lipids are relevant. The possibility of using municipal wastewater for cultivation of Chlorella vulgaris microalgae was investigated. Keywords: autumn; c-2; concentration; cultivation; microalgae; summer; vulgaris; wastewater
• As(III) Oxidation and Electron Mass Transfer Kinetic in an Enriched Mixed Culture of Bacillus sp., and Exiguobacterium sp., Isolated from Cow Dip in South Africa by Igboamalu, T.E.; Chirwa, E. (2018) - Within 120 hrs. of incubation, 16 % As(III) oxidation efficiency was achieved at pH of 10, followed by 30% at pH 4 and 50% at pH of 1, Figure 3 b. High As(III) oxidation efficiency (99%) was seen at pH of ≤ 7±3, suggesting the oxidation As(III) to As(V) is optimum at neutral pH. At pH of 1, it is not clearly understood why 50 % As(III) oxidation was achieved under acidic condition since As(III) dominates at pH range from 6-9. Microbial., 76, 6804-6811 Suttigarn A., Wang Y.T.,2005, Arsenite oxidation by, Alcaligenes faecalis strain O1201, Journal of Environmental Engineering, 31,1293-1301. Keywords: arsenic; arsenite; as(iii; as(v; concentration; efficiency; oxidation; south
• Biofiltration of Acetic Acid Vapours Using Filtering Bed Compost from Poultry Manure - Pruning Residues - Rice Husks by Forero, D.; Pena, C.; Acevedo, P.; Hernandez, M.; Cabeza, I. (2018) - A biofiltration battery was used to evaluate acetic acid removal efficiency from an air stream through the composting beds. Filter media evaluation was performed through exposure to different concentrations of acetic acid vapours (industrial grade): Days 1-11 started with acetic acid concentration of 7.240 ppm; days 12-15 acetic acid concentration was increased to 10,860 ppm; days 16-25 an acetic acid concentration of 14,480 ppm. Keywords: acid; bed; biodegradability; biofilter; biofiltration; composting; concentration; figure; moisture; pruning; removal
• Biological U(VI) Reduction in a Fixed-bed Bioreactor Using Radiotoxic Tolerant Mixed-Culture of Bacteria by Mtimunye, P.J.; Chirwa, E. (2018) - Figure 1: Continuous-flow system laboratory se 2.4 Start-up and operating of biofilm reactor The results from this study showed the ability of the fixed-bed biofilm reactor in sustaining high U(VI) concentrations of up to 85 mg/L, much higher than that observed at the study site. Keywords: biofilm; concentration; effluent; reactor; removal; species; total; treatment; u(vi; uranium
• Microbial Pb(II) Precipitation: The Influence of Elevated Pb(II) Concentrations by Peens, J.; Wu, Y.; Brink, H. (2018) - Examples of Pb concentrations in industry include 2 g/L Pb in battery wastewater (Singh et al., 2007) and 100 g/L Pb in 586 hydrometallurgy streams (Lee et al., 1986). The purpose of the current study was to determine the impact elevated Pb concentrations has on microbial precipitation in the endeavour of advancing microbial Pb precipitation as a method for Pb bioremediation, recovery, and processing. Keywords: broth; concentration; experiments; lead; pb(ii; ppm; precipitate; removal; serum
• T. obliquus Mixotrophic Cultivation in Treated and Untreated Olive Mill Wastewater by Di Caprio, F.; Altimari, P.; Iaquaniello, G.; Toro, L.; Pagnanelli, F. (2018) - An indication of the heterotrophic metabolism was given by the pH measured during cultivation, that was already 11 after 2 days of cultivation for both phototrophic test and test with pre-treated OMW, while remained around 7 for untreated OMW (Figure 3B). While phototrophic test and test with pre-treated OMW showed the same growth rate, a relevant lower value was obtained for untreated OMW (Table 2). Keywords: concentration; cultivation; growth; microalgae; omw; pre; test
• Production of Polycaprolactone Microcarriers using Electrospray for Fibroblast Cultures by Malagon-Romero, D.; Clavijo, D.; Lopez, C. (2018) - 664 Table 2: Cell viability for murine fibroblasts cultured on PCL microcarriers in DMEM. On the other hand, PCL solution concentration affects the diameter, so higher concentrations mean larger diameters. Keywords: cells; concentration; engineering; et al; microcarriers; pcl; solution
• Chemical Features of Atmospheric Particulate Matter in Longmen Grottoes by Wang, Ru; Tian, Hongfang (2018) - 2- 8.61±3.09 6.58±2.21 8.49±5.39 74.2±18.9 5.34±3.98 3.21±1.19 3.69±2.14 66.5±16.8 Na+ 0.12±0.07 0.12±0.07 0.41±0.71 1.29±1.02 0.09±0.10 0.05±0.02 0.13±0.08 2.07±1.58 NH4 + 3.95±0.09 2.19±1.09 11.74±4.31 16.45±4.21 2.59±1.39 1.01±0.87 3.38±1.08 15.98±4.57 K+ 0.29±0.10 0.20±0.17 1.69±0.47 1.59±0.49 0.22±0.04 0.11±0.09 0.48±0.18 1.48±0.42 Mg2+ 0.08±0.04 0.05±0.06 0.05±0.04 4.71±1.06 0.08±0.06 0.04±0.01 0.02±0.01 4.47±1.38 Ca2+ 1.59±0.79 0.46±0.32 1.12±0.64 5.42±1.58 1.28±0.62 0.42±0.12 0.69±0.19 5.07±1.81 627 he pH of atmospheric fine particulate matter has a significant impact on the pH of precipitation. Copyright © 2018, AIDIC Servizi S.r.l. ISBN 978-88-95608-63-1; ISSN 2283-9216 Chemical Features of Atmospheric Particulate Matter in Longmen Grottoes Ru Wang, Hongfang Tian* Management Department, Shijiazhuang University of Applied Technology, Shijiazhuang 050081, China 390324244@qq.com In recent years, the pollution of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) has been increasing in China. Keywords: concentration; grottoes; longmen; matter; metal; particulate; pm2.5; sampling; site
• cet-2767 by None (None) - Chen et al.,2000), heavy metal passivation or fixation technology (Pulford and Watson, 2003; Dushenkov et al., 1995; Vangronsveld et al.,2009), plant volatilization technology, plant rhizofiltration technology (Lin and Terry, 2003), plant-assisted remediation techniques (Ma et al., 2009) and remediation of soil heavy metal pollution by hyperaccumlating plant. The study on phytoremediation of heavy metal polluted soil surrounding coal mines shows that the contents of the same heavy metal are different in five different plants, and the aerial and underground parts of the same plant absorb different amounts of the metal. Keywords: artemisia; concentration; copper; copper concentration; elements; metal; plants; soil
• cet-3090 by None (None) - The results show a strong dependence of total sugars recovery and total fermentation inhibitors on acid concentration, and a weaker dependence on solid load and acid hydrolysis time. Different combinations of acid concentration, solid load and acid hydrolysis time were planned by an experimental design according to the RSM design. Keywords: acid; concentration; glucose; hydrolysis; inhibitors; pretreatment; sugars; switchgrass; time; total; xylose
• Study of Inorganic Pollution Sorption from Acidic Solutions by Natural Sorbents by Balintova, M.; Demcak, S.; Singovszka, E.; Pagacova, B. (2016) - Poplar sawdust had efficiency of metal cations removal from aquatic model solutions approximately of 80.0 %. Table 3 presents the efficiency of metal cations removal from these solutions. Keywords: concentration; metals; mg.l-1; removal; sawdust; solutions; sorption; wood
• cet-4657 by None (None) - Purification factor (PF) was defined as the ratio of top phase PHA concentration to the overall PHA concentration using: PF = (Top Phase PHA Concentration)/(Overall PHA Concentration) (4) 2.4 Optimisation Model Optimization of parameters pH and salt addition concentration was done through the application of software called Design Expert™. Recovery Yield (Y), % of PHA in top phase was evaluated using: 1497 Y = 100/(1+[1/(Vr×KPHA)] ) (3) where Vr was denoted by volume ratio and KPHA was denoted by partition coefficient of PHA. Keywords: addition; atps; concentration; design; partitioning; phase; purification; recovery; salt
• Cr(VI) Removal by Green-Synthetized Iron-Based Nanoparticles: Effect of Cr(VI) Concentration and pH Condition on Adsorption Process by Bavasso, Irene; Verdone, Nicola; Di Palma, Luca (2018) - The most efficient and rapid technology for the removal of Cr(VI) from industrial polluted wastewaters is represented by a combination of chemical reduction, precipitation and adsorption processes. In the case of high Cr(VI) concentration (20 mg L-1), the effect of nanoparticle dimension was relevant in which low nanoparticle size (44.1 nm) of nMG corresponded to a high adsorption capacity. Keywords: adsorption; concentration; cr(vi; l-1; nmg; removal
• cet-5406 by None (None) - In this case, the main mechanism of heavy metals removal is precipitation (due to increased pH) in the form of hydroxy-salts, hydrated oxides or hydroxides. Natural zeolite preferentially adsorbs hydrogen cations from solution to heavy metal ions (Inglezakis et al., 2003), and thus in more acidic conditions more H + ions are adsorbed from solution. Keywords: acid; concentration; copper; experiments; hemp; peat; removal; solutions; sorption
• cet-5611 by None (None) - 3.2 Effect of solution pH Earlier studies on heavy metal adsorption have showed that the initial pH of the solution is a critical parameter for adsorption experiments (Park et al., 2004; Azouaou et al., 2013). Additional increase in the pH was not considered because the beginning of the insoluble hydroxide precipitating from solution makes true metal adsorption studies impossible (Comte et al., 2008) 33 3.3 Effect of the concentration of (agar + EPS) beads Adsorbent dose is a significant factor to be considered for an effective metal removal. Keywords: adsorption; agar; beads; concentration; eps; ions; lead; metal; solution
• cet-5935 by None (None) - In order to define the optimal thickness, T, further simulations were carried out in the range T=0 to 4 m, with a ∆T step of 0.1 m, allowing to minimize PAB thickness. PAB design is generally time-invariant because, once the barrier is positioned and its dimensions set, the scheme does not change during the entire remediation process. Keywords: barrier; concentration; design; groundwater; pab; pce
• cet-6578 by None (None) - Table 1: Pseudo-second-order kinetic parameters for BSA adsorption by C. hildmannianus peel Concentration (mg mL-1) qe,exp (mg g-1) k2 (x 10-5) (g mg-1 min-1) qe,cal (mg g-1) h (mg g-1 min-1) Equilibrium adsorption isotherms were satisfactorily described by Langmuir model. Keywords: adsorbent; adsorption; bsa; concentration; equilibrium; hildmannianus; peel
• cet-6583 by None (None) - In the case of acid urease immobilised onto Eupergit® C250L in the same range of urea concentrations, the ammonia formation rate (r’A) for immobilised acid urease referred to liquid volume was reconstructed by using the Michaelis-Menten kinetic model too: LMa L ' max' A SK S V r + = ( 4) with V’max = k’cat cPi ( 5) cPi = cBd YP/B ( 6) where V’max is the maximum ammonia formation kinetic rate constant for immobilised enzyme, KMa or k’cat the apparent Michaelis constant or specific ammonia formation kinetic rate constant for immobilised enzyme, cPi the bulk Bradford protein concentration for immobilised enzymes, cBd the bulk concentration of dry beads and YP/B [I U /g d s] Figure 1: Effect of urea concentration (SL) on the specific ammonia formation rate of (A) free enzyme (πAE: ) at a free enzyme concentration (cPF) of 4.2 mg BSAE/L and (B) immobilised derivatives (πAB) with different enzyme loadings and immobilised enzyme concentrations: , YP/B = 48 mg BSAE/g ds and cBd = 0.11 mg BSAE/L; , YP/B Keywords: acid; bsae; concentration; enzyme; urea; urease
• cet-6901 by None (None) - It is noting that dust particles are partially entrained by the fluid flow. The Italian Association of Chemical Engineering Online at: www.aidic.it/cet Guest Editors: Eddy De Rademaeker, Bruno Fabiano, Simberto Senni Buratti Copyright © 2013, AIDIC Servizi S.r.l., ISBN 978-88-95608-22-8; ISSN 1974-9791 CFD Simulations of the Effect of Dust Diameter on the Dispersion in the 20 L Bomb Valeria Di Sarlia, Paola Russob, Roberto Sanchiricoa, Almerinda Di Benedetto*c aIstituto di Ricerche sulla Combustione, CNR, Via Diocleziano 328, 80124, Napoli (IT) bDipartimento di Ingegneria Industriale, Università di Salerno, via Ponte don Melillo, 84084 Fisciano Salerno (IT) cDipartimento di Ingegneria Chimica, Università degli Studi “Federico II”, Piazzale Tecchio 80, 80125, Napoli (IT) almerinda.dibenedetto@unina.it Prevention and mitigation measures for dust explosion are based on the knowledge of the thermo- kinetic parameters which characterise flammability such as Minimum Explosible Concentration, MEC, and explosion behaviour such as maximum explosion pressure, PMAX, and deflagration index, KSt. Keywords: concentration; dust; ms t; sphere; t =
• cet-7219 by None (None) - We introduce the following denotations for components concentration B and E: ),( ji j i txBB  , ),( ji j i txEE  respectively. We used also both the sweep separate method for definition of profiles of components concentration Keywords: components; concentration; method; reaction; time
• cet-7324 by None (None) - These positive effects were also translated in terms of browning index: ferulic acid (-39 %), glutamic acid (-25 %), citric acid (-19 %), ascorbic acid (-16 %) and benzoic acid (-13 %). Among these, the most widespread are organic acids and ascorbic acid. Keywords: acid; activity; ascorbic; benzoic; browning; citric; concentration; food; ppo
• cet-841 by None (None) - 4. Results and discussion 4.1 Formula Optimization of JA composite acid (1) Screening of JA complex acid The sensitivity experiments of many kinds of acid were conducted, and the results are shown in Table 3. The evaluation of corrosion resistance indicated that the corrosion rate of JA composite acid could be reduced from 11.92 to 1.92 g/(m2•h) when the corrosion inhibitor H was loaded at the concentration of 1%. Keywords: acid; concentration; corrosion; inhibitor; rate; table
• SiO2 Adsorption Aerogel Odor Dissipation Control Technology Based on Active Purification Technology by Liu, Zhaohui; Shu, Xin; Lin, Rui; Liu, Na; Luo, Ping (2018) - Science of the Total Environment, 367(1), 89-95, DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2006.01.007 Mizuno H., Takenaka O., Uchiyama K., Kaneko H., 1998, Prevention of car air conditioner oder-rotten oder arising from microorganism and its prevention, Jitsumu Hyomen Gijutsu, 49(4), 391-395, DOI: 10.4139/sfj.49.391 Mizuno H., Uchiyama K., Sato S., Sakakibara K., Sako R., 1996, Surface treatment for air conditioners - study to reduce odor from car air conditioner evaporator, Jsae Review, 17(4), 456, DOI: 10.1016/s0389- 4304(96)80708-9 Morvan M., Talou T., Beziau J.F., 2003, Mos-mosfet gas sensors array measurements versus sensory and chemical characterisation of voc’s emissions from car seat foams, Sensors & Actuators B Chemical, 95(1– 3), 212-223, DOI: 10.1016/s0925-4005(03)00425-8 Ongwandee M., Kruewan A., 2013, Evaluation of portable household and in-car air cleaners for air cleaning potential and ozone-initiated pollutants, Indoor & Built Environment, 22(4), 659-668, DOI: 10.1177/1420326x12460254 Sattar S.A., Zargar B., Wright K.E., Rubino J.R., Ijaz M.K., 2017, Airborne pathogens inside automobiles for domestic use: assessing in-car air decontamination devices using staphylococcus aureus as the challenge bacterium, Appl Environ Microbiol, 83(10), DOI: 10.1128/aem.00258-17 Stemmler K., Bugmann S., Buchmann B., Reimann S., Staehelin J., 2005, Large decrease of voc emissions of switzerland's car fleet during the past decade: results from a highway tunnel study, Atmospheric Environment, 39(6), 1009-1018, DOI: 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2004.10.010 Szczurek A., Maciejewska M., 2016, Categorisation for air quality assessment in car cabin, Transportation Research Part D Transport & Environment, 48, 161-170, DOI: 10.1016/j.trd.2016.08.015 Tamainot-Telto Z., Metcalf S.J., Critoph R.E., 2009, Novel compact sorption generators for car air conditioning, International Journal of Refrigeration, 32(4), 727-733, DOI: 0.1016/j.ijrefrig.2008.11.010 Taniguchi Y., Aoki H., Fujikake K., Tanaka H., Kitada M., 1992, Study on car air conditioning system controlled by car occupants' skin temperatures-part 1: research on a method of quantitative evaluation of car occupants' thermal sensations by skin temperatures. References Brodzik K., Faber J., Goƚdakopek A., Łomankiewicz D., 2016, Impact of multisource voc emission on in-vehicle air quality: test chamber simulation, Materials Science and Engineering, 148(1), 012033, DOI: 10.1088/1757-899x/148/1/012033 Deng A., 2018, Sio2 carrier dispersed perovskite for solar thermal decomposition of h2o, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 66, 355-360, DOI:10.3303/CET1866060 Grabow M., Spak S., Holloway T., Stone B.J., Mednick A., Patz J., 2012, Air quality and exercise-related health benefits from reduced car travel in the midwestern united states, Environmental Health Perspectives, 120(1), 68-76,DOI: 10.1289/ehp.1103440 Kaneko H., Takenaka O., Mizuno H., 2009, Control of car air conditioner odors, coating odor, Journal of the Surface Finishing Society of Japan, 48(7), 733-739, DOI: 10.4139/sfj.48.733 Li T.T., Bai Y.H., Liu Z.R., Liu J.F., Zhang G.S., Li J.L., 2006, Air quality in passenger cars of the ground railway transit system in beijing, china. Keywords: air; air quality; car; concentration; conditions; odor; quality; road; time; vehicle
• As(III) Oxidation and Cr(VI) Reduction Insight in an Indigenous Mixed Culture of Anaerobic Bacteria from a Local Environment by Igboamalu, T.E.; Chirwa, E.M.N. (2017) - In an experiment containing 30 to100 mg/L of Cr(VI) at a constant 120 mg/L As(III) concentrations, near complete Cr (VI) reduction at initial concentrations from 30 to70 mg/L was observed Lower removal efficiency was seen when Cr(VI) concentration was increased to 100 mg/L. These experiments suggest that Cr(VI) reduction in the presence of As(III) was not inhibited at higher As(III) concentration, rather As(III) enhanced the redox process by acting as inorganic electron donor for Cr(VI) reduction. Keywords: as(iii; bacteria; concentration; cr(vi; figure; oxidation; reduction
• cet-9560 by None (None) - The effect of contact time of aspirin adsorption was under the following condition: pH 7, 30°C, 100 mg/L of aspirin solution, 0.1 g of adsorbent and 150 min. The next set of experiment was conducted to study the effect of pH on aspirin adsorption by adjusting the pH of aspirin solution raging from pH 3 to pH 11. Keywords: adsorbent; adsorption; aspirin; concentration; effect

• Study on Optimization of Reducing Sugar Yield from Corn Stalk Based on Microwave-Assisted Acid Pretreatment Process by Xue, Zhiping; Liu, Qingyu; Zhang, Min (2017) - Figure 2: Response surface graphs showing the interactive effect of microwave power and pretreatment time 1317 3.3 Ultra Depth Microscope analysis Using ultra depth microscope to observe the corn stalks after the stalks had been pretreated by microwave- assisted acid, and then synthesize 3D ultra depth images at different magnifications, e.g. Figure 3 and 4. a. Figure of Zoom in1000 times b. 3D Figure of Zoom in 3000 times Figure 3: 3D microscope photograph of untreated corn stalk at different magnifications Untreated surface of corn stalks is relatively smooth and flat, there’s not many empty holes on it, and the wax layer is not damaged. By analysis of Figure 1c we can see that, with the increase of microwave reaction time, the yield of reducing sugar gradually increases, and the yield of reducing sugar reaches maximum when the reaction time is 20min. Keywords: acid; corn; microwave; power; reaction; sugar; time; yield
• cet-13161 by None (None) - Rubber vulcanization numerical models The UFREIs considered in this study have been assembled with an NR-EPDM rubber blend. Relation between activation energy and induction in rubber sulfur vulcanization: An experimental study. Keywords: induction; milani; rubber; time; vulcanization
• cet-13484 by None (None) - Senčík J., Nechvátal M., Klouda K., Škréta K., Böswartová J., Frišhansová L., 2016, Certified methodology for providing personal protective equipment in an environment with a risk of nanoparticles, Occupational Safety Research Institute, Prague, CZ. (in Czech) Shah M.A., Pirzada B.M., Price G., Shibiru A.L., Qurashi A., 2022, Applications of nanotechnology in smart textile industry: A critical review, Journal of Advanced Research, 38, 55-75. 222 82nechvatal.pdf Emission of Nanoparticles in the Nanotextile Industry The measurement of nanoparticle emissions in the indoor environment in the nanotextile industry was carried out at several workplaces in the Czech Republic (Fig. 1, 2, 3). Keywords: exposure; factory; health; nanoparticles; risk; time
• cet-13533 by None (None) - example of P1 tomogram (#246, corresponding to time 500s, A3) which consists of 316 cells from which the average is calculated, the colour bar refers to non-dimensional conductivity [-]; b-Plot of the average non-dimensional conductivity for P1 for the 1000 acquired tomograms, As it is shown in Figure 2b, A1-6 are the additions of flour, all additions show a similar trend where there is a first decrease (induced by the entrapment of air with the flour) and then an exponential rapid increase of the average conductivity once the flour is wetted. federico.alberini@unibo.it In this study, for the first time Electro Resistance Tomography is employed for macroscale (bulk) characterization of gluten free dough during mixing in 1L scale vessel. Keywords: conductivity; dough; ert; figure; flour; gluten; mixing; time; tomogram
• Automatic Milking System Occupation Rate Analysis and Optimization Applied to Mediterranean Buffaloes by Sannino, M.; Faugno, S.; Crimaldi, M.; Ardito, L.; Di Francia, A.; Masucci, F. (2017) - Milking time per AMS in one year (hh:mm) (MTAy) Jacobs J.A., Siegford J.M., 2012, Invited review: The impact of automatic milking systems on dairy cow management, behavior, health, and welfare, J. Dairy Sci., 95, 2227-47. Keywords: ams; buffaloes; milking; number; rate; time; working; year
• Vineyard Cover Spraying Evaluation According to Plant Vigour Variations by Marques Da Silva, J.R.; Correia, M.; Dias, A.; Serrano, J.; Nunes, P. (2017) - Conclusions Results show that droplet cover goes from 0 % to 30 % with a coefficient of variation normally above 80 %; droplet Volume Median Diameter (VMD) goes from ~100 μm to ~500 μm and the ratio between spray volume and canopy volume goes from 0.02 L m-3 to 0.32 L m-3. Dose expression and spray volume rate are key questions for spray applications in orchard and vineyard plantations. Keywords: application; canopy; droplet; spray; spraying; time; volume
• cet-13722 by None (None) - Also, dust explosion is a very complex phenomenon (Eckhoff, 2003), which includes many subjects: dust lifting requires fluid-dynamic modelling of discontinuous media, dust ignition requires a proper combustion model, including every possible ignition source (which can be energy in form of heat, mechanical or electrical sparks), kinetics and turbulence, dust explosion require proper deflagration/detonation/deflagration to detonation model (Barozzi et al., 2020). Characterization of a spark discharge for dust cloud ignition. Keywords: delay; dust; energy; ignition; spark; test; time
• cet-13790 by None (None) - This study highlights the potential of planetary ball mills for grinding organic materials, reducing grinding times and costs while improving the efficiency of waste utilization for subsequent industrial applications. Grinding time (min) 5 10 15 Rotation speed (rpm) 350 400 450 Pause time (I[s]/PT[s]) (PT added to grinding time) Keywords: coffee; css; grinding; particle; pause; rpm; size; time
• cet-13798 by None (None) - Figure 1: Decolourization over time with different sugar content for AC dosages of 0.6 g / 100 ml in (a) and different AC dosages with dilutions to 30 Brix in (b) 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 76% 80% 84% 88% 92% 96% C ol ou r R em ov ed Time / min 16 Brix 20 Brix 30 Brix 40 Brix 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 50% 55% 60% 65% 70% 75% 80% 85% 90% 95% C ol ou r R em ov ed Time / min 0.1 g AC / 100 ml 0.3 g AC / 100 ml 0.6 g AC / 100 ml 0.8 g AC / 100 ml (a) (b) 357 Table 1: Equilibrium time for several dilutions and AC dosages Dilution Equilibrium time / min Colour removed at equilibrium AC dosage / g/100ml Equilibrium time / min Colour removed at equilibrium 16 Brix 10 92 % 0.1 60 69 % 20 Brix 20 93 % 0.3 30 82 % 30 Brix 30 87 % 0.6 30 87 % 40 Brix 60 92 % 0.8 5 94 % 3.2 Decolourization Obtained curves for decolourization with different AC dosages show only a slight difference between different dilutions, as presented in Figure 2. Freundlich isotherm in (b) Table 3: Langmuir and Freundlich parameters Dilution Langmuir Freundlich 𝑞𝑞𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚 / IU·g-1 𝐾𝐾𝐿𝐿 / IU-1 R2 𝐾𝐾𝑓𝑓 / g-1 𝑟𝑟𝑓𝑓 R2 16 Brix -2821 -3.62·10-23 0.9783 2.754 1.391 0.9590 20 Brix -2849 -3.52·10-03 0.9829 1.877 1.467 0.9729 30 Brix -14122 -5.93·10-04 0.9873 7.608 1.038 0.9851 40 Brix -35404 -3.06·10-04 0.9979 9.611 1.034 0.9978 4. Conclusions Decolourization by AC adsorption proved to be a highly suitable method. Keywords: adsorption; brix; colour; decolourization; dilution; starch; sugar; time
• cet-14326 by None (None) - The next section will show the importance of this novel approach, which covers all main use cases of urban public transport and passenger information in order to make a more attractive service that can facilitate the improvement of the sustainability of transport by increasing the share of public transport and reducing the number of cars. They sampled passenger information from a transit on-board survey containing origin–destination locations, demographic details and trip-specific attributes. Keywords: choice; decision; information; research; route; state; time; transport; travel
• cet-14351 by None (None) - The sustainability in night train transport will be defined, the importance of giving passengers a meaningful choice between the two modes of transport will be highlighted, and proposals for improved accessibility and sustainability of rail will be presented as a case study, which could provide a basis for the re-launch of rail transport between Hungary and Italy. Where these conditions exist, high- speed rail transport is certainly preferable in terms of capacity, reliability, land use and specific energy consumption. Keywords: air; destination; environmental; italy; night; rail; speed; study; sustainability; time; trains; transport; travel
• cet-14361 by None (None) - By providing an alternative to individual car use, public transportation plays an important role in sustainable transportation. The questionnaire was designed to collect both qualitative and quantitative data, as well as questions about the participants' demographics, travel habits, and attitudes toward sustainable public transportation. Keywords: car; demand; options; people; research; time; transportation; travel; use
• cet-14977 by None (None) - This increase in the removal rate as the set-up runs is also observable in Mn heavy metal given in Figure 3b. It possesses high toxicity levels of heavy metals that can cause severe danger and threat to human health. Keywords: electrocoagulation; energy; leachate; metals; min; rate; removal; time
• cet-15074 by None (None) - Many metaheuristic algorithms have already been used in logistics, but there is little real use of these techniques. biro.tamara@sze.hu Metaheuristic algorithms are well-researched and popular techniques in the field of optimization, which can solve complex tasks with a large number of instances with acceptable quality. Keywords: algorithm; exact; metaheuristic; optimization; parameter; problem; results; task; time
• cet-15443 by None (None) - 1. Introduction From a chemical engineering point of view, cell cycle consists of a cascade of complex enzymatic reactions aiming to the synthesis of biological molecules required for cell duplication. In particular, the aim of this work is the analysis of p21/p27 over expression induced by microgravity, with particular attention to its effect on cell duplication time and quality. Keywords: cell; cycle; duplication; microgravity; p21; p27; time
• cet-15699 by None (None) - 4. Conclusions The integration of modified impellers with tubular electro-baffles significantly enhances electrochemical reactor performance in both batch and continuous modes by improving mixing and reducing energy consumption. These results demonstrate that modified impellers significantly improve the efficiency and sustainability of electrochemical reactors for Cr(VI) treatment, providing a viable alternative to reduce the environmental impact of industrial discharges. Keywords: baffles; cr(vi; energy; impellers; moud; reactor; reduction; time
• Synthesis of Poly(L-) Lactide under Simultaneous Cooling and Microwave Heating by using Immobilised Candida Antarctica Lipase B by Bukhari, A.; Atta, M.; Idris, A. (2017) - It was observed that as microwave heating time was increased from 4 h to 16 h monomer conversion and yield were also increased. HNMR spectra of PLLA obtained in eROP at 8 h and 16 h of microwave heating times are given in Figure 2. (a) (b) Keywords: = channel; cooling; erop; heating; lactide; microwave; plla; time; usec
• A Multi-Year Study of Professional Skills Development among First Year Chemical Engineering Students by Sadikin, A.N.; Yusof, K.M.; Aziz, A.A.; Hassim, M.H.; Yamani, Z.Y.; Mustaffa, A.A.; Hamid, M.K.A. (2017) - It was concluded that the integrated teaching and learning approach in Introduction to Engineering course is effective in promoting positive professional skills development among engineering students. Time management is an important life skill and one that is vital to engineering student success in higher education. Keywords: course; engineering; learning; problem; reflective; skills; students; team; time
• Production of Biodiesel from Palm Oil using Chemically Treated Fish Bone Catalyst by Sulaiman, S.; Shah, B.; Jamal, P. (2017) - Viriya-Empikul N., Krasae P., Puttasawat B., Yoosuk B., Chollacoop N., Faungnawakij K., 2010, Waste shells of mollusk and egg as biodiesel production catalysts, Bioresource technology 101, 3765-3767. The model equation based on coded values (A, B and C as calcination time, catalyst loading wt% and calcined fish bone) for biodiesel yield was expressed by Eq(2). Keywords: biodiesel; bone; catalyst; fish; loading; time; wt%; yield
• cet-201 by None (None) - This paper discusses two methods for reflux flow switch time. Kruse et al. (1996) investigated the total reflux removal strategy for start-up and product changeover, where the optimal switching time from reflux flow 0 to steady state was determined by the minimum temperature difference (MT-function). Keywords: case; flow; reflux; start; time
• Experimental Analysis and Diffusion Modelling of Solar Drying of Macroalgae - Oedogonium sp. by Hammond, L.; Bai, L.; Sheehan, M.; Walker, C. (2018) - Using ANOVA statistical techniques, algal preparation method and algal bed thickness or bed density and their influence on drying rate were examined. Drying rates were modelled in a pragmatic way, by assuming diffusion to be the dominant mechanism and using Fick’s Second Law of Diffusion to characterise drying in terms of a materials effective diffusivity and thickness. Keywords: algae; drying; macroalgae; moisture; oedogonium; preparation; rate; samples; thickness; time
• cet-3096 by None (None) - Before starting the experiments, the wounded cell monolayers were covered with fresh culture medium supplemented or not with different honeys or honey mixtures at 0.1 % or 1 % (v/v). Honey samples were placed, as received, in glass containers and stored in the dark at room temperature until use. Keywords: activity; cell; healing; honey; image; mixtures; time; vitro; wound
• Local-Scale Hazmat Dispersion Modelling for First Responders Based on High-Resolution Computational Fluid Dynamics - an Overview of CT-Analyst Hamburg by Leitl, Bernd; Harms, Frank; Berbekar, Eva; Boris, Jay; Patnaik, Gopal; Obenschain, Keith; Fischer, Susanne (2016) - As far as general measurement data quality is concerned, test datasets must contain sufficient information on wind flow to both derive all required input boundary conditions to run a certain flow model and to sufficiently validate predicted flow patterns within the corresponding model domain. Due to the turbulent nature of wind flows driving local- scale dispersion in complex environments, instantaneous wind fields and fluctuations in wind speed and direction must be simulated and validated correspondingly. Keywords: analyst; dispersion; flow; hamburg; scale; time; tool; wind
• NiO Thin Film for Mercury Detection in Water by Square Wave Anodic Stripping Voltammetry by Patella, B.; Piazza, S.; Sunseri, C.; Inguanta, R. (2017) - bernardo.patella@unipa.it NiO thin film thermally grown on Ni was investigated for the first time as an electrochemical sensor of mercury ions in water. Among all the electrochemical methods, SWASV is considered the most powerful analytical technique for detecting heavy metals, owing to DOI: 10.3303/CET1760001 Please cite this article as: Patella B., Piazza S., Sunseri C., Inguanta R., 2017, Nio thin film for mercury detection in water by square wave anodic stripping voltammetry, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 60, 1-6 DOI: 10.3303/CET1760001 1 its high sensitivity (limit of detection less than 10ppb), selectivity (each heavy metal has different stripping potential), and short analysis time. Keywords: deposition; et al; figure; film; mercury; nio; sensing; stripping; time
• Stochastic Lattice Model of Aggregation in Heterogeneous Polydisperse Media by Brener, A.; Musabekova, L.; Jamankarayeva, M.A. (2017) - Cluster mobility as a probe for surface characterization, The European Physical Journal D, 52(1-3), 115-118. In contrast to the previous case (DLA), it was now possible to find several non clusters in one cell in different time units Figure 2: Scheme of the algorithm for mixed kinetics aggregation (an example) Keywords: aggregation; case; cell; characteristic; clusters; kinetics; order; particles; time
• OPNET-based WLAN Modeling and its Performance Testing by Jiang, W. (2016) - Compared to cable network, wireless network equips with both the mobility of high nodes and the convenience of the network, which makes wireless network more suitable to the network scenarios newly built or of highly movable nodes, such as on-site investigation and on-spot emergency. Choose needed network node models from the object panel, namely the switch, Ethernet server, wireless AP and wireless terminal, and then put them in the prepared setting. Keywords: figure; network; simulation; time; traffic; wireless; wlan
• cet-4050 by None (None) - Yang Z.Q., Niu X.D., Hou K.P., Zhou Z.H., Liang W., Guo Y.H., Lu Y.F., Yang B.J., Cheng Y., 2015, Columnar diffusion of cement grout with time dependent rheological parameters, Chinese Journal of rock mechanics and Engineering, 34(7): 1415-1425. Based on the water cement ration (W/C), cement grouts usually may be divided into three categories: Power- law fluid, Bingham fluid and Newtonian fluid (Zenit et al., 2001). Keywords: cement; coefficient; grouts; law; power; time; viscosity
• cet-5297 by None (None) - Being an export commodity, ideal blossoming time and quality testing of jasmine flowers are extremely crucial matters in exportation of flowers and concrete. Hence, there is a need for an automated, portable, low-power, easy-to use and reliable machine, which can evaluate quality objectively and repetitively, so that it can assist the Floriculture Industry, research laboratories and flower exporters for final evaluation of jasmine flower and its concrete quality. Keywords: compounds; concrete; flowers; fragrance; jasmine; jasminum; tgs; time
• Atmospheric Turbulent Dispersion Modeling Methods using Machine learning Tools by Lauret, P.; Heymes, F.; Aprin, L.; Johannet, A.; Dusserre, G.; Lapebie, E.; Osmont, A. (2014) - Atmospheric dispersion models use velocity field as an input. Figure 2 : ANN Training method 4.1 Artificial Neural Networks ruled (CA-ANN) Cellular Automata This method uses both Cellular Automata (CA) and Artificial Neural Networks. Keywords: ade; ann; diffusion; dispersion; error; figure; models; networks; time
• cet-6259 by None (None) - Section 3 introduces the DOI: 10.3303/CET1333052 Please cite this article as: Compare M., Zio E., 2013, Risk sensitive particle filtering in support of predictive maintenance, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 33, 307-312 DOI: 10.3303/CET1333052 307 reference example; the application of the RSPF to such example is discussed in Section 4; Section 5 concludes the work. k k kr x P x z zγ (3) where ( )kr x is a positive and finite (almost everywhere) risk function, whereas kγ is a normalization constant ensuring that 1( ) ( | ,..., ) Keywords: degradation; equipment; k k; risk; time
• cet-6360 by None (None) - Martorell S., Marton I., Villamizar M., 2010, Reliability of safety systems and probabilistic risk assessment, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 19, 321-326, DOE:10.3303/CET1019053 Medina H., Arnaldos J., Casal J., 2011, Risk-based inspection and its application to the optimization of chemical plants, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 25, 201-206, DOI:10.3303/CET1125034 NRC, 2012, Probabilistic risk assessment (PRA) accessed 17.01.2012. “Risk monitors” extend the PRA by incorporating the actual and dynamic plant configuration (equipment availability, operating regime, environmental conditions, etc.) into risk assessment. Keywords: advsmr; assessment; components; condition; designs; equipment; monitors; plant; reactors; risk; risk monitors; time
• cet-7216 by None (None) - Removal efficiencies of chlorinated pesticides were in the range from 70.2 to 90.7 % after 60 minutes of ozonation. Removal efficiencies of about 90 % were observed for all investigated BTX compounds after 40 minutes of ozonation.. Keywords: ozonation; removal; time; xylene
• cet-7537 by None (None) - Recently, Edreder et al. (2010) considered the performance of batch reactive distillation in terms of minimum batch time with the hydrolysis reaction of methyl lactate and water (eqimolar feed composition) to produce high purity lactic acid (0.99 mole fraction). Therefore, an optimal reflux ratio policy will be chosen so that a given amount of lactic acid product with a given purity can be achieved in minimum time. Keywords: acid; batch; product; purity; reflux; time
• cet-840 by None (None) - iR t x t x t x x dV b x tρ = − − +u x f u u j R∀ ∈ (1) In Formula, ρ stands for the density of material point i, xi and xj for location of i and j, u(xi, t) and u(xj, t) for the displacement of material points i and j; u(xi, t) means the secondary derivation of u(xj, t) for time, i.e. DOI: 10.3303/CET1762042 Please cite this article as: Guohao Zhang, Songrong Qian, 2017, Application study of peridynamics theory in failure analysis of brittle material, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 62, 247-252 DOI:10.3303/CET1762042 247 acceleration speed, b(xi, t)means the external density on material point i, R the near field and the radium in this field is denoted with δ shown in formula(2) and Figure 1; the bold-type letter means vector. 1. Introduction Based on the motion equation in integral form, PD is the non-local continuum mechanics theory, mainly for solving the discontinuity caused by material failure, such as cracks. Keywords: failure; figure; impact; material; theory; time

• A procedure for emergency planning for SMEs under Seveso III directive in the ISO 31000 framework by Antonioni, Giacomo ; Moreno, Valeria (2019) - Emergency plans have to be accurately prepared, with the cooperation of all involved subjects: both people of the organization where the unexpected event may occur and people not belonging to the organization who can be impacted by the occurrence of the event. There are two kinds of emergency plan: the internal (or on-site) emergency plan and the external (or off-site) emergency plan. Keywords: cycle; directive; emergency; iso; plan; risk
• cet-10196 by None (None) - Contact with moving mechanical parts CS_1 Tank 9 Industrial water for disposal as non- hazardous waste Reaction between sewage and oxygen possible formation of biogas/ methane 3.2 Results of the analysis and decision making procedure Table 3 shows the results of confined spaces risk assessment for the case study carried on according to the methodology above described. Within the technological risk function, R=PxD, in order to account for the specific features of confined spaces, the probability of occurrence P was defined in two indices: the frequency of exposure to confined spaces, F, and the contact time I (strictly related to the complexity of the intervention that must be performed). Keywords: assessment; damage; factor; n.a; plant; risk; space; tank
• The Risk Assessment System of Chemical Industry Park based on Analytic Hierarchy Process by Liang, Qian; He, Yujie (2017) - There are many risk control methods, such as AHP, fault tree method and risk index method. In the analytic hierarchy process, the construction of judgment matrix is the key in the whole analysis process, which determines the success or failure of the analysis process. Keywords: judgment; matrix; p p; risk;  ;  
• cet-12233 by None (None) - Table 1: Correspondence between codes and activities Codes C10.61 C10.62 C10.71 C10.72 C10.73 G46.21 Activities Manufacture of grain mill products Manufacture of starch products Manufacture of bread Manufacture of bakery products Manufacture of pasta Wholesale of grain and animal feeds A second step consisted in reducing the scope of the database accident analysis to the trade in grains, animal feed and flour mill activities (i.e. G46.21, C10.61 and C10.62 codes in the French nomenclature of activities), as they were more specifically concerned by dust explosion risk. This study shows that, although regulations have been applicable since 2003, the management of the fire and explosion risks is very disparate, depending on the culture of the company and its organization. Keywords: accidents; atex; dust; equipment; explosion; figure; risk
• cet-12807 by None (None) - Odour nuisance: Decision support tools to anticipate and represent levels of odour nuisance on a territory. These values were collected through a questionnaire open to all (365 responses have been collected), providing information on the capacity to bear a nasty odour in various situations which allow us to define a sensibility value and rank all the activities according to their sensibility to odour annoyance. Keywords: annoyance; cell; figure; impact; nuisance; odour; potential; risk; territory; vulnerability
• cet-13727 by None (None) - Property damage Corrosion Hole in vessel wall Pool fire Loose flange Pipe leak Flash fire, Pool Fire, Jet fire Employees injured, Environmental damage Self-refrigeration Catastrophic vessel failure BLEVE Employees killed or injured, property damage Earthquake, Flood Pipe leak, Catastrophic vessel failure Flash fire, Pool Fire, Jet fire, BLEVE Employees killed or injured, Property damage, Environmental damage When selecting accident scenarios for land-use planning, in theory the user would initially derive a number of generic accident scenarios, based only on the substance (LPG) and the type of installation (e.g. pressurised, pipeline, loading/unloading, etc.). If it is not possible to calculate frequency of the critical event based on the fault tree analysis, there is the possibility to evaluate it through generic critical event frequencies. Keywords: accident; damage; effects; event; fire; frequency; lpg; risk; scenarios
• cet-13728 by None (None) - The information was collected based on historical forest fires and the analysis of meteorological variability in the previously delimited area, which allowed the development of maps of temperature, humidity, precipitation, and wind speed, as inputs on the modeling of possible forest fires in the area. For that reason, is necessary arises models for the risk of forest fires in areas with low response capacity and high level of poverty like San Gerónimo district, specifically in the Andean community of Picol Orcopungio, because these wildfires can break out in there. Keywords: area; community; figure; fires; forest; forest fires; map; orcompugio; picol; risk
• cet-14757 by None (None) - 82 After all the experimental observations, it is possible to affirm that a standard values for all the exposure parameters necessary to conduct risk assessment cannot be defined in the case of exposure risk of panellists. Probabilistic methods can handle these complexities by allowing for the incorporation of multiple sources of variability and dependencies among variables, providing a more comprehensive evaluation of exposure risks. Keywords: activity; assessment; exposure; panellists; risk; samples
• cet-15126 by None (None) - The definition of climate change scenarios starts by gathering data on potential climate conditions and their consequences on weather variables. Addressing climate change impacts often requires significant financial investments, extended planning periods, and lengthy implementation timelines. Keywords: assessment; change; climate; impact; potential; resilience; risk; scenario
• cet-15130 by None (None) - The results of the case study application confirm that LIN risk assessment requires taking into account not only Seveso plants, as in the case of Natech accidents, but also specific categories of industrial activities (i.e., Seveso., IPPC-IED, WWTPs, and CSs). Moreover, these results corroborated that the extension and location of flood-prone areas and land usage play a significant role in the assessment of LIN risk. Keywords: activities; areas; assessment; events; flood; index; land; lin; risk
• cet-15134 by None (None) - Quantitative integration of fire risk with life cycle analysis of building: The case of thermal insulation, Journal of Building Engineering 160, 683–694. Data shows that 2-6% of building fires impact external facades, with a certain variability depending on the region (White et al., 2015), as reported in Table 4. Keywords: et al; fire; leakage; r290; rachp; refrigerant; rif; risk; scenarios; units
• cet-15342 by None (None) - Therefore, although the strength of this methodology lies in the quantification of risk, numerical values for ignition probability and risk reduction should only be considered as an indication of magnitude (Gritti et al., 2024). Ignition probability evaluation Keywords: dha; dust; equipment; ignition; probability; risk; sources
• cet-15605 by None (None) - Relationship between Ng and lightning storm hazard index, IHsl. Relationship between equipment containing hazardous substances and storm vulnerability index, IVs Equipment type Filling level Construction features IVs Floating Roof Tanks ≥50% / < 50% 4 / 3 Fixed Roof Tank ≥50 % / < 50% 3 / 2 Pressure equipment (Spheres, columns, reactors, ovens, etc.) before PED / according to PED 3 / 2 Pipes under pressure Pipes not under pressure before PED / according to PED 2 /1 1 5. Keywords: hazard; index; lightning; natech; risk; storm; substances; vulnerability; wind
• cet-15610 by None (None) - [month] Low ≤ 12 L L ML M H 13 - 24 L L ML MH H > 24 L L M H H Med-low ≤ 12 L L ML MH H 13 - 24 L L M H H > 24 L L M H H Medium ≤ 12 L L M MH H 13 - 24 L L M H H > 24 ML ML MH H H Med-High ≤ 12 ML ML MH H H 13 - 24 ML M H H H > 24 ML M H H H High ≤ 12 MH H H H H 13 - 24 MH H H H H > 24 H H H H H L = Low; ML = Medium Low; M = Medium; MH = Medium High; H = High. Other two bad scenarios are considered to test the network with different conditions: the first one considers the same feedstock but higher temperatures, the second one considers higher temperatures and higher crude’s acidity. Keywords: corrosion; h h; network; node; risk; sulphur; table
• cet-15662 by None (None) - The findings revealed that government intervention, financial factors, risk perception and fishermen’s attitude had a significant positive impact on RTP for P&I insurance, while insurance awareness did not show a notable impact. Based on the reviewed literature, this study proposes the conceptual framework shown in Figure 1 and formulates the following hypotheses: H1: There is a significant positive impact of insurance awareness and fishermen’s RTP for P&I insurance. Keywords: adoption; awareness; et al; factors; fishermen; government; insurance; malaysia; p&i; risk; rtp
• Assessment of Ecological Risk of Sediment in Rivers of Eastern Slovakia by Singovszka, E.; Balintova, M. (2016) - Specific objective of this study is to assess the level of heavy metal concentrations in the sediment, its spatial distribution and compare it with the USEPA quality guideline, to select different pollution indices of the assessment of heavy metal contamination and to assess the ecological risk resulting from sediment contamination. The aim of this study is to assess the sediment quality in the 22 sampling sites in east of Slovakia using potential ecological risk index for four kind of heavy metals concentrations in the samples taken from different locations of this interest area. Keywords: assessment; contamination; creek; metals; risk; river; sediment; slovak; slovakia
• Research on the Supply Chain Risk Prediction Based on the Improved Intelligent Algorithm by Tao, J. (2016) - DOI: 10.3303/CET1651059 Please cite this article as: Tao J., 2016, Research on the supply chain risk prediction based on the improved intelligent algorithm, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 51, 349-354 DOI:10.3303/CET1651059 349 Table 1: Supply chain risk classification The first level index The second level index The third level index Supply chain risk Supply chain structure risk The number of nodes in supply chain The structure of the supply chain Supply chain quantity Supply chain enterprises Information risk Information transfer risk bullwhip effect Information security risk Information fluctuation risk Supply chain operation risk Manufacturer operational risk Supplier operational risk Retailer operational risk Cooperation risk Partner selection risk Trust risk Logistics risk Inventory risk The risk of transportation Distribution of risk Other risks Legal risk Market risk Natural factors The development prospects of the industry risk 3. The occurrence of supply chain risk always brings a huge loss to the whole supply chain. Keywords: algorithm; chain; pso; risk; supply; supply chain
• Research on the Supply Chain risk Assessment of the Fresh Agricultural Products based on the Improved TOPTSIS Algorithm by Wang, Y.; Hao, H.X. (2016) - References Atallah S.S., Gómez M.I., Björkman T., 2014, Localization effects for a fresh vegetable product supply chain: Broccoli in the eastern United States, Food Policy, 49, 151-159, DOI: 10.1016/j.foodpol.2014.07.005 Chen W.C., Li J., Jin X.J., 2016, The replenishment policy of agri-products with stochastic demand in integrated agricultural supply chains, Expert Systems with Applications, 48, 55-66, DOI: 10.1016/j.eswa.2015.11.017 Ge H.T., Gray R., Nolan J., 2015, Agricultural supply chain optimization and complexity: A comparison of analytic vs simulated solutions and policies, International Journal of Production Economics, 159, 208-220, DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpe.2014.09.023 Jacxsens L., Luning P.A., van der Vorst J.G.A.J., Devlieghere F., Leemans R., Uyttendaele M., 2010, Simulation modelling and risk assessment as tools to identify the impact of climate change on 449 microbiological food safety – The case study of fresh produce supply chain, Food Research International, 43, 1925-1935, DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2009.07.009 Jayakumar D.N., Venkatesh P., 2014, Glowworm swarm optimization algorithm with topsis for solving multiple objective environmental economic dispatch problem, Applied Soft Computing, 23, 375-386, DOI: 10.1016/j.asoc.2014.06.049 Krohling R.A., Lourenzutti R., Campos M., 2015, Ranking and comparing evolutionary algorithms with Hellinger-TOPSIS, Applied Soft Computing, 37, 217-226, DOI: 10.1016/j.asoc.2015.08.012 Lima F.R. Jr., Osiro L., Carpinetti L.C.R., A comparison between Fuzzy AHP and Fuzzy TOPSIS methods to supplier selection, Applied Soft Computing, 21, 194-209, DOI: 10.1016/j.asoc.2014.03.014 Lourenzutti R., Krohling R.A., 2016, A generalized TOPSIS method for group decision making with heterogeneous information in a dynamic environment, Information Sciences, 330, 1-18, DOI: 10.1016/j.ins.2015.10.005 Mahdevari S., Shahriar K., Esfahanipour A., 2014, Human health and safety risks management in underground coal mines using fuzzy TOPSIS, Science of The Total Environment, 488–489, 85-99, DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2014.04.076 Mir M.A., Ghazvinei P.T., Sulaiman N.M.N., Basri N.E.A., Saheri S., Mahmood N.Z., Jahan A., Begum R.A., Aghamohammadi N., 2016, Application of TOPSIS and VIKOR improved versions in a multi criteria decision analysis to develop an optimized municipal solid waste management model, Journal of Environmental Management, 166, 109-115, DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2015.09.028 Nong G.P., Pang S.L., 2013, Coordination of Agricultural Products Supply Chain with Stochastic Yield by Price Compensation, IERI Procedia, 5, 118-125, DOI: 10.1016/j.ieri.2013.11.080 Noya I., Aldea X., Gasol C.M., González-García S., Amores M.J., Colón J., Ponsá S., Roman I., Rubio M.A., Casas E., Moreira M.T., Boschmonart-Rives J., 2016, Carbon and water footprint of pork supply chain in Catalonia: From feed to final products, Journal of Environmental Management, 171, 133-143, DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2016.01.039 Othman M.K., Fadzil M.N., Rahman N.S.F.A., 2015, The Malaysian Seafarers Psychological Distraction Assessment Using a TOPSIS Method, International Journal of e-Navigation and Maritime Economy, 3, 40- 50, DOI: 10.1016/j.enavi.2015.12.005 Perdana Y.R., 2012, Logistics Information System for Supply Chain of Agricultural Commodity, Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 65, 608-613, DOI: 10.1016/j.sbspro.2012.11.172 Vinodh S., Prasanna M., Prakash N.H., 2014, Integrated Fuzzy AHP–TOPSIS for selecting the best plastic recycling method: A case study, Applied Mathematical Modelling, 38, 4662-4672, DOI: 10.1016/j.apm.2014.03.007 Wanke P., Barros C.P., Chen Z.F., 2015, An analysis of Asian airlines efficiency with two-stage TOPSIS and MCMC generalized linear mixed models, International Journal of Production Economics, 169, 110-126, DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpe.2015.07.028 Yu J.F., Wang L., Gong X.L., 2013, Study on the Status Evaluation of Urban Road Intersections Traffic Congestion Base on AHP-TOPSIS Modal, Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 96, 609-616, DOI: 10.1016/j.sbspro.2013.08.071 450 448 Table 2: Weight of index Second order index Weight Third order index Weight Internal risk 0.32 Risk in choosing suppliers and dealers 0.12 Quality risk of the fresh agricultural products 0.23 Technical risk 0.15 Risk of deterioration for the fresh agricultural products 0.23 Risk management decision 0.17 Quality of supply chain risk 0.05 Structure of the supply chain risk 0.05 External risk 0.25 Credit risks 0.08 Market environment risk 0.11 Demand fluctuation risk 0.26 Supply fluctuation risk 0.26 Natural risk 0.10 Policy risk 0.10 Cooperation risk 0.09 Logistics risk 0.28 Transportation risk 0.33 Distribution of risk 0.33 Inventory risk 0.33 Information risk 0.15 Information transfer risk 0.5 Information security risk 0.5 The distances between each index to the positive and the negative is, 1 0.0786d   , 1 0.1348d   , 2 0.1211d   , 2 0.1105d   3 0.1260d   , 3 0.1088d   , 4 0.0971d   , 4 0.1301d   Keywords: chain; index; method; products; risk; supply
• cet-4975 by None (None) - As shown in Section 4, also for ATEX risk assessment, the assumption that operators and maintainers are constantly able to operate in a correct way can lead to area classifications that could not be conservative enough. Application of FUZZY CREAM FUZZY CREAM tool was applied to a case study from a food manufacturing company, which produced food stabilizers, ingredients, starches and gums. Keywords: area; assessment; atex; classification; cream; hep; human; method; risk

• Research on the Cost Management and Forecast for the Projects of Petrochemical Enterprises by Yuan, Lianxia; Yang, Shizhu (2017) - Anderson S.W., 2006, Managing costs and cost structure throughout the value chain: research on strategic cost management, Handbooks of Management Accounting Research, 2(6), 481-506, DOI: 10.1016/s1751- 3243(06)02001-3 Anderson S.W., Dekker H.C., 2009, Strategic cost management in supply chains, part 1: structural cost management, Social Science Electronic Publishing, 23(2), 201-220, DOI: 10.2308/acch.2009.23.2.201 Anderson S.W., Dekker H.C., 2009, Strategic cost management in supply chains, part 2: executional cost management, Accounting Horizons, 23(3), 289-305, DOI: 10.2308/acch.2009.23.3.289 Dubois A., 2003, Strategic cost management across boundaries of firms, Industrial Marketing Management, 32(5), 365-374, DOI: 10.1016/s0019-8501(03)00010-5 He Y., 2004, Summary of the research on strategic cost management, Journal of Beijing Technology & Business University, 81(7), 64-70. Jefferson M., 2006, Sustainable energy development: performance and prospects, Renewable Energy, 31(5), 571-582, DOI: 10.1016/j.renene.2005.09.002 Lii A.L., 2003, A constraint‐based framework for strategic cost management, Industrial Management & Data Systems, 103(8), 591-599, DOI: 10.1108/02635570310497639 Maiga A.S., 2015, Information systems integration and firm profitability: mediating effect of cost management strategy, Advances in Management Accounting, 25, 149-179, DOI: 10.1108/s1474-787120150000025004 Markovska N., Taseska V., Pop-Jordanov J., 2009, Swot analyses of the national energy sector for sustainable energy development, Energy, 34(6), 752-756, DOI: 10.1016/j.energy.2009.02.006 McNair C.J., Polutnik L., Silvi R., 2001, Cost management and value creation: the missing link, European Accounting Review, 10(1), 33-50, DOI: 10.1080/0963810020025321 Ren X.H., Zhang Y.M., 2015, The optimal size of China’s strategic petroleum reserve, Mathematical Modelling of Engineering Problems, 2(3), 13-16, DOI: 10.18280/mmep.020304 Sendilvelan S., Sundarraj C., 2016, Performance and emission study on a dual fuel engine with modified gas inlet, International Journal of Heat and Technology, 34(3), 545-550, DOI: 10.18280/ijht.340328 Shank J.K., Govindarajan V., 1992, Strategic cost management: the value chain perspective, Journal of Management Accounting Research, 4, 179-197. Keywords: cost; degree; factors; influence; management; petrochemical; projects
• cet-12747 by None (None) - Energy storage technologies (EST) that are available in the market and in the process of development have their specific strengths and weaknesses. To achieve the committed target in COP26, governments around the world should address policy and implementation challenges for renewable and include investment in energy storage technologies (ESTs). Keywords: capital; cost; criteria; density; efficiency; energy; power; storage; 𝑇𝑇 �
• cet-13693 by None (None) - These studies ignored the optimal resource allocation, or sharing approach, that meets the demand for energy considering the intermittency in resource availability and variability in energy demand. The energy network developed must be able to meet all the energy requirements for Tsumkwe optimally, irrespective of variations in resource availability and fluctuations in energy demand. Keywords: cost; demand; energy; grid; network; power; supply; technology
• cet-15016 by None (None) - Convenience sampling and regression analysis revealed a significant relationship between knowledge of green transportation, awareness of green transportation, green transportation costs and green transportation perception. The mean score for green transportation perception was 3.83 (on a scale of 1 to 5), indicating a moderate level of perception. Keywords: awareness; cost; electric; green; knowledge; malaysia; perception; public; research; thailand; transportation; vehicles
• cet-15630 by None (None) - A systematic review of power systems resource sharing models classifies the most common methods into 6 categories: double auction theory, blockchain technology, game theory, machine learning, optimization strategies, and other models’ categories. Combined community power supply by different power conversion technologies is shown in Figure 1(b). Keywords: chain; communities; community; cost; energy; power; resource; sharing; supply; technologies; technology
• cet-15651 by None (None) - Effects of Additives and Partial Replacements on the Mechanical Properties of Concrete Fly ash is an industrial by-product that can reduce concrete costs compared to using only Portland cement clinker Moir (2003). Kurda R., de Brito J., Silvestre J.D., 2018, Combined economic and mechanical performance optimization of recycled aggregate concrete with high volume of fly ash. Keywords: additives; aggregates; ash; compressive; concrete; cost; et al; fly; properties; replacement; strength
• cet-15714 by None (None) - For these reasons, combined modifications were introduced and assessed in the sCO2 binary cycle with preheating, reheating and intermediate heat transfer through which ~12 % cost reduction was achieved, covering a significant part of the cost difference between the two working fluids. Finally, modifications were introduced in the sCO2 binary cycle with the use of preheating, reheating and intermediate heat transfer which led to ~12 % cost reduction and more than 25 % relative efficiency increase covering a significant part of the cost difference in relation to R134a. Keywords: components; cost; cycle; et al; geothermal; power; r134a; sco2; use
• cet-211 by None (None) - Where αij represents if the plant i connects plant j: αij =1 when they are connected; αij =0 when they are not connected, UICij is unit interconnection cost between plants i and j, and dij is the interconnected distance between plants i and j. ⋅ = ⋅ ⋅ ⋅ (6) Where x1i and y1i are the lower left coordinates of plant i, x1j and y1j are the lower left coordinates of plant j, x2i and y2i are the upper right coordinates of plant i, x2j and y2j are the upper right coordinates of plant j. Constraints (3)-(6) represent the plant i is on the left, right, top and bottom sides of the plant j respectively. Keywords: area; cost; land; layout; piping; plants
• cet-2444 by None (None) - One of the most significant tasks identified contributing towards unsustainability in the quantity surveying practice is the establishment of construction cost estimates. Peurifoy R., Oberlender G., 2002, Estimating construction costs (5th ed.), McGraw-Hill, New York, United States. Keywords: bim; building; construction; cost; estimates; estimating; information; project; quantity; surveyors; technology
• Determination and Evaluation of Affecting Factors of Raw Material Cost Based on Rough Set Theory by Wang, Y.J.; Yin, Z.X.; Yan, H.J.; Fan, S.J.; Shi, J.L.; Zhou, M.J. (2016) - This paper proposes a method to evaluate the importance of each factor affecting raw material cost. This method can be applied to quantitative analysis of factors that affect raw material cost in steelmaking. Keywords: attribute; cost; decision; factors; furnace; material; set; steel; steelmaking; table
• Design a Sustainable Supply Chain under Uncertainty using Life Cycle Optimisation and Stochastic Programming by Gao, J.; You, F. (2017) - Problem statement To illustrate the application of the proposed modelling framework and tailored solution algorithm, a county-level case study on hydrocarbon biofuel supply chains in Illinois is considered. Optimal biofuel supply chain design in different solutions: (a) Point A, (b) Point B, (c) Point C The Pareto-curve shows that the most sustainable solution point A has the lowest GHG emission per GEG biofuels of 10.22 kg CO2-eq/GEG, and it has the highest cost per GEG biofuels of 4.21 $/GEG. Keywords: algorithm; biofuels; chain; cost; design; geg; point; supply

• Researches on the Salt Tolerance and Restraint Effects of Radix astragali in Saline-Alkali Soils by Guo, Hongxia; Zhang, Fang; Guo, Xiaoyang; Cheng, Jianfeng; Yang, Tiegang (2017) - According to soil soluble salt amount in different times (Table 4), highest value appeared in the October and the lowest was in August; which was due to the more precipitation in July and August to make salt leak subsoil with the leakage of water, but precipitation after September decreased and surface evaporation severely increased to make salt to surface soil. The results in Table 4 showed that soil soluble salt amount between CK and four planting densities had significant differences (p<0.05), and those of D1 and D2 had significantly higher than those of D3 and D4, but there was no significant difference between D1 and D2 or D3 and D4. Keywords: alkali; amb; density; plant; planting; saline; salt; soil; table
• cet-10197 by None (None) - Instead for maintenance strategy 2, only the interval between the next maintenance shows an improvement. Gallimore K.F., Penlesky R.J., 1988, Framework for developing maintenance strategies, Production and Inventory Management Journal, 29(1), 16-22. Keywords: equipment; maintenance; maintenance strategy; plant; standard; strategy; value
• Study on the Construction of Garden Green Space in Petrochemical Enterprises by Wang, Ren (2017) - Therefore, green plants can effectively improve water pollution, soil pollution and noise pollution. In the planning of garden green space, plant diversity is not only reflected in the diversity of plant species, but also should be diversified in the DOI: 10.3303/CET1762251 Please cite this article as: Ren Wang, 2017, Study on the construction of garden green space in petrochemical enterprises, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 62, 1501-1506 DOI:10.3303/CET1762251 1501 aspects of plant ecology, specifications, configuration techniques, and shrubs (Pérez-López et al., 2014). Keywords: construction; control; doi; enterprises; garden; landscape; petrochemical; plant; pollution; soil; space
• cet-12783 by None (None) - A 21 % reduction in cost was obtained when the same external mass separating agent is used to absorb multiple components from rich streams at the utility hub when compared to the case where different external mass separating agents are used. In the SWS model for MENS presented by Szitkai, et al. (2006), along the superstructure, rich streams run from left to right while lean streams (which are the MSAs) run in the opposite direction. Keywords: hub; mass; plant; streams; superstructure; synthesis; utility
• cet-12846 by None (None) - Odour complaints sources Events of odour annoyance in residential areas around the TATA Steel plant in IJmuiden were considered. Figure 3: share of odour complaints by neighborhood on the TATA Steel plan in Ijmuiden in the reference period. Keywords: complaints; enose; odour; plant; steel; tata
• cet-13115 by None (None) - Therefore, plant extracts were used in formulations to reduce the use of toxic synthetic surfactants and to produce safe, renewable and biodegradable formulations, to help solve the challenges related to the damage caused to the environment due to the presence of synthetic surfactants in shampoo formulations and their products. The plant extracts used aimed to reduce the use of toxic synthetic surfactants and to produce safe, renewable and biodegradable formulations, to help solve the challenges related to the damage caused to the environment due to the presence of synthetic surfactants in shampoo formulations and their toxic residues in soils and waters. Keywords: formulations; growth; plant; products; shampoo; surfactants; test; toxicity
• cet-13486 by None (None) - This Certification is designed to assess the performance of industrial plants concerning their relationship with communities nearby, making it the first Certification of its kind. Some of the common certifications for industrial plants are: • ISO 9001: Keywords: certification; communication; e&t&c; engagement; impact; odour; plant; transparency
• cet-13495 by None (None) - Cashew fiber is a potentially valuable biomass that, when used as a new food matrix in plant-based product formulations, meets part of the dietary needs of groups of people who seek to consume fiber-rich products, but also those who want to reduce or avoid meat consumption, such as vegetarians and vegans, in addition to the general public who choose this line of products. The use of cashew fiber in the production of animal protein-free foods has been a great asset in providing a surprising texture very close to that of animal meat, in addition to bringing nutritional benefits. Keywords: analogue; babassu; cashew; cashew fiber; cheese; coconut; fiber; hamburger; plant; products; protein; spirulina
• cet-13827 by None (None) - Jatoi A.S., Akhter F., Mazari S.A., Sabzoi N., Aziz S., Soomro S.A., Mubarak N.M., Baloch H., Memon A.Q., Ahmed S., 2021, Advanced microbial fuel cell for wastewater treatment—A review, Environ Sci Pollut Res, 28, 5, 5005-5019 Khudzari, J., Kurian, J., Gariépy, Y., Tartakovsky, B., Raghavan, G.S. V, 2018, Effects of salinity, growing media, and photoperiod on bioelectricity production in plant microbial fuel cells with weeping alkaligrass, Biomass and Bioenergy, 109, 1-9. For the experimental process, microbial fuel cells were built, 3 batteries for mint and 3 batteries for ribbon plant, using graphite rods as electrodes. Keywords: cells; day; fuel; fuel cells; p.m.; plant; ribbon; soil; voltage
• cet-14735 by None (None) - However, the efficiency of this process varies due to the diversity of rhizobia species and legumes, as well as environmental conditions (Horácio et al., 2024). Were found non- significant results, similar to previous studies (López-Alcocer et al., 2020), but we also observed significant variations in other research (Horácio et al., 2024), indicating the influence of specific environmental factors on BNF. Keywords: control; nitrogen; plant; rhizobium; strains; treatments; vulgaris; yield
• cet-14766 by None (None) - 3. Results and discussion 3.1 Water waste treatment plant The temporal variation of H2S concentrations measured by both the Kunak AIR Pro (blue line) and the H2S analyser (red line) are illustrated in Figure 2. In the WWTP, the performance of the system to monitor H2S was evaluated against a H2S analyser showing a high correlation coefficient of 0.77 and a MAE of 6.9 ppb demonstrating the reliability and accuracy of this system for H2S monitoring. Keywords: concentrations; h2s; kunak; levels; monitoring; odour; plant; sensor
• cet-14774 by None (None) - Secondly, simulations of predictive impact scenarios were conducted, assuming the introduction of odour emission containment systems for the macro-areas identified as the major contributors to impact. Secondly, simulations of predictive impact scenarios, assuming the introduction of odour emission containment systems for the macro-areas identified as the major contributors to impact, were conducted. Keywords: cooking; emission; impact; odour; oue; plant; rendering; scenario
• cet-15034 by None (None) - A severe lack of zinc in the soil can cause a complete crop loss, while a loss of up to 30 % in crop yields of cereals such as wheat, rice and corn can occur even because of slight deficiencies. The effect of Quantis treatment on crop yield in the case of winter wheat is especially outstanding in the case of drought stress, but positive results can also be achieved with its application in the case of heat stress. Keywords: plant; rapeseed; treatments; year; yield; zinc
• cet-15329 by None (None) - The first one includes a lot of environmental impacts like freshwater eutrophication, human toxicity, and global warming. This tool can be successfully applied to wastewater treatment plants, too. Keywords: assessment; cycle; emissions; global; impact; life; plant; treatment; wastewater
• cet-15603 by None (None) - This nonconventional operation can be easily facilitated with a few extra compressors, pumps, pipelines, valves and fittings to recycle all streams from the exits of back end to the inlets of the same subprocess. Ge, S., Xu, Y., Wang, S., Xu, Q., Ho, T., 2021, A win-win strategy for simultaneous air-quality benign and profitable emission reduction during chemical plant shutdown operations. Keywords: chase; emission; end; operating; plant; stream; tail; total
• cet-2132 by None (None) - Due to the inherent restrictions confronted by contemporary technologies used for Pb removal, its extraction from the environment for direct reuse has thus far not been achieved. It is known that Pb concentrations below 10 mg/L can cause endocrine disruption (Supanopas et al., 2005), while entire ecosystems can be eradicated at concentrations greater than 1000 mg/L (Eisler, 1988). Keywords: concentrations; consortia; experiment; figure; hours; lead; plant; recycle; removal; results
• cet-4651 by None (None) - I generated from PPM is sent to potential bioenergy or bio- product related industries j ϵ J, where it is converted into bio-product and by-products. Case Study In this work, a PPM is planning to set up a joint venture to form an EIP with five potential bioenergy or bio- product related industries, termed biorefineries. Keywords: biorefinery; boiler; connectance; eco; eip; plant; product
• cet-7538 by None (None) - The LCCs, for the above overall pinch region, are already separated by the concentration axis and hence, inter-plant cross flow is not required. Therefore, 32.23 t/h of cross flow is required for achieving the minimum resource requirement. Keywords: flow; pinch; plant; quality; resource

• cet-11484 by None (None) - 346 Figure 4: DPM concentration as computed in the centre of the 1 m3 vessel as a function of time for dust dispersion at d=200 μm (black line) and d=400 μm (red line) C=100 g/m3 Figure 5: Computed maps of DPM concentration at 600 ms for dust dispersion at d=200 μm (left) and d=400 μm (right), (x-z) plane Figure 6: Turbulent kinetic energy (m2/s2) profiles on a cut line (indicated on the left side) for 1 m3 vessel (a) and 20 L vessel (b): dust-free air (black line), dust dispersions at d=200 μm (red line) and d=400 μm (blue line) 347 4. Model description Model details of dust dispersion in the 1 m3 vessel equipped with the perforated annular nozzle are given elsewhere (Portarapillo et al., 2020b). Keywords: dispersion; dust; flow; vessel
• cet-12870 by None (None) - As a result, higher energy density can be achieved at the expense of lower electrical efficiency. Performance of an environmentally benign acid base flow battery at high energy density. Keywords: acid; battery; density; discharge; efficiency; energy; flow; objective
• cet-13476 by None (None) - They are: the rate of entrainment of dispersion particles and attractive region by a continuum media flow in the apparatus; random drift of particles, which simulates the influence of Brownian motion and turbulent pulsations; diffusion limited kinetics of particle aggregation with the formation of clusters with account of the influence of moving attractor. In the submitted work the new approach based on the method of random walk on stochastic lattices to computer simulation of attractive swarming, accompanied by particle aggregation, for the case of a moving region of attraction has been applied. Keywords: attractor; flow; particle; swarming
• cet-13487 by None (None) - Similarly, for systems like water-IL were investigated by (Yagodnitsyna et al., 2017) and (Yagodnitsyna et al., 2020) where flow patterns like plug flow, slug flow, parallel flow, rivulet and throat annular flow were found. This study shows the capability of numerical simulations to predict different flow patterns and depicts the potential for carrying out simulations for dissolution of plastics in microchannels in future 1. Keywords: cfd; flow; liquid; patterns; plug; simulations
• cet-13517 by None (None) - The approach to energy consumption prediction based on time series analysis, until develop the trends in energy consumption data has proven to be an effective way to understand the energy consumption of a machine as reported by several authors (Xie et al, 2021; Lee et al., 2015; Imani et al., 2017; Liu et al., 2015; Perone et al., 2022; Tamborrino et al., 2021; Catalano et al., 2021). The reduction of energy consumption can be effective only if a set of strategies are implemented in the energy use chain, which can be large-scale such as the use of energy from renewable sources to small-scale solutions such as optimizing plants of lighting (Qusay et al., 2023; Jun et al., 2020). Keywords: consumption; decanter; energy; flow; motor; power; rate
• cet-13783 by None (None) - This study utilizes CFD simulations with OpenFOAM® to predict the power number of various stirring devices in a lab-scale reactor. Ding et al. (2010) performed a study with CFD simulations to investigate the impact of impeller type and speed on flow patterns in a gas-liquid two-phase flow CSTR for biohydrogen production. Keywords: cfd; flow; mixing; number; power; stirrer; torque
• cet-14725 by None (None) - The authors observed drop in the power number in axial flow impellers for lower clearance and liquid level values. The analysis for turbulent energy dissipation contours for axial flow impeller (RT45) have also been shown in Figures 4 (ii) C and D. Similar results of power consumption have been observed for the liquid level for RT45 with higher magnitudes. Keywords: flow; impeller; power; velocity
• cet-14749 by None (None) - Comparison of emission rate values for odour and odorous chemicals derived from two sampling devices. Comparison of field inspections and dispersion modelling as a tool to estimate odour emission rates from landfill surfaces. Keywords: body; emission; flow; sampling; section; wind
• cet-14750 by None (None) - Brancher M., Griffiths K. D., Franco D., de Melo Lisboa H., 2017, A review of odour impact criteria in selected countries around the world, Chemosphere, 168, 1531-1570, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2016.11.160 Capelli L., Sironi S., Del Rosso R., Centola P., 2009a, Design and validation of a wind tunnel system for odour sampling on liquid area sources, Water Science and Technology, 59(8), 1611-1620, https://doi.org/10.2166/wst.2009.123 Capelli Laura, Sironi S., Del Rosso R. Centola, P., 2009b, Predicting odour emissions from wastewater treatment plants by means of odour emission factors, Water Research, 43(7), 1977–1985, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2009.01.022 CEN, 2022, EN13725:2022 - Stationary source emissions - Determination of odour concentration by dynamic olfactometry and odour emission rate, Brussels Frechen F. B., Frey M., Wett M., Löser C., 2004, Aerodynamic performance of a low-speed wind tunnel, Water Science and Technology, 50(4), 57-64, https://doi.org/10.2166/wst.2004.0220 Gillot S., Héduit A., 2008, Prediction of alpha factor values for fine pore aeration systems, Water Science and Technology, 57(8), 1265-1269, https://doi.org/10.2166/wst.2008.222 Gostelow P., Longhurst P. J., Parsons S., Stuetz R. M., 2003, Sampling for measurement of odours, IWA publishing, https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.2166/9781780402819 Hudson N., Ayoko G. A., 2008a, Odour sampling 1: Physical chemistry considerations, Bioresource Technology, 99(10), 3982-3992, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2007.04.034 41 Hudson N., Ayoko G. A., 2008b, Odour sampling. 2.1 External factors affecting passive area surface sampling The information provided by the official guidelines regarding the characterisation of passive surface sources, offering practical suggestions for monitoring odour emissions from such sources, can be very useful. Keywords: emission; flow; hood; odour; rate; sampling; sources; surface
• cet-14812 by None (None) - Le Tan et al. (2022) investigated RDF gasification, focusing on syngas composition and energy recovery, but didn't address RDF composition heterogeneity, which significantly impacts gasification performance. Figure 1: Aspen plus flowsheet of the co-gasification RDF and TW model 98 Table 2: Simulation Parameters for co-gasification RDF and TW Block Module Describe and Reaction ref DRYING RStoic Simulates drying by quantifying water removal from RDF and TW based on reaction equations (Eq(2) and Eq(3)). Keywords: composition; flow; gasification; rdf; syngas
• cet-15002 by None (None) - Suneja A., Roy S., 2023, Liquid flow distribution in trickle bed reactors containing trilobed extrusions packed using different techniques. Schwidder S., Schnitzlein K., 2012, A new model for the design and analysis of trickle bed reactors. Keywords: bed; distribution; flow; holdup; liquid; packing; particles; reactor
• cet-15122 by None (None) - Figure 4: Results of turbulent burning velocity Concerning the influence of the equivalence ratio on burning velocity, with the 6-μm powder, an increase in the burning velocity with the equivalence ratio is observed. Copyright © 2025, AIDIC Servizi S.r.l. ISBN 979-12-81206-18-2; ISSN 2283-9216 Evolution of Turbulent Burning Velocity and Turbulence Intensity during Aluminum Flame Propagation Clément Chanuta,*, Fares Saad Al Hadidia, Frédéric Heymesa, Ernesto Salzanob aLaboratoire des Sciences des Risques, IMT Mines Alès, Alès, France bDipartimento di Ingegneria Civile, Ambientale, e dei Materiali, Università di Bologna, Bologna, Italy clement.chanut@mines-ales.fr Burning velocity, i.e. the consumption rate of the reactant by the flame front, is a key parameter for modelling flame propagation during accidental gas or dust explosions. Keywords: burning; flame; flow; piv; turbulence; velocity; zone
• cet-15441 by None (None) - One of its possible expression applying to thin film flows reads as follows (Brener et al., 2020): 0 3 1 42 3 22 =      −+−  In this paper, an attempt is made to adapt approaches on the basis of which both the Korteweg-de Vries equation and Whitham equation can be derived for describing thin film flow (Hu et al., 2024) in the presence of mass sources (Brener, 2006). Keywords: brener; equation; flow; liquid; mass; sources; waves
• cet-15461 by None (None) - Modelling of counter rotating twin screw extrusion, Master Thesis, Mc Master University, 1-145. The numerical simulations provided insights into the axial velocity distribution along the screws, the effect of screw speed on pumping efficiency, and the role of dispersive mixing in the process. Keywords: extrusion; flow; mixing; moisture; rate; rpm; screw; twin; zone
• cet-15749 by None (None) - 5.3 Evaluation of mitigation measures for levee stability Subsurface cutoff walls (Figure 4a) effectively control levee seepage, with the 14 m sheet pile wall performing best by reducing the hydraulic gradient to 0.00288, groundwater flow to 0.2099 m³/day, and displacement to 0.02565 m. Saturation remained concentrated upstream, confirming effective seepage management. These changes increase erosion, seepage, and hydrodynamic pressures, threatening levee stability. Keywords: climate; conditions; erosion; flood; flow; groundwater; hydraulic; levee; rainfall; sand; seepage; stability
• Consequences of Liquid Jet Breakup Resulting from Interaction with Overpressure Wave from Domino Effect by Lauret, P.; Heymes, F.; Slangen, P.; Aprin, L.; Lecysyn, N. (2016) - Consequently, we cannot assume a stationary flow when dealing with droplets fragmentation induced by a shockwave. Lecysyn et al. (2009) note that liquid ejection leads to catastrophic droplets fragmentation with velocity thirty times less than impact velocity. Keywords: breakup; droplets; flow; fragmentation; liquid; number; shockwave; velocity
• cet-4764 by None (None) - This paper reported the innovative aspect in using N-doped thin film titania as catalyst under visible light irradiation in fixed bed photocatalytic process for industrial wastewater. Introduction A fixed bed photocatalytic reactor incorporating TiO2 catalyst and UV radiation was widely investigated for its performance in photocatalytic destruction of organic contaminants in fixed bed reactors (Nogueira and Jardim, 1996) and thin film variation (Noorjahan et al., 2003). Keywords: bed; film; flow; light; rate; tio2; total; wastewater
• cet-5614 by None (None) - A scrutiny of the specific flow features close to the vessel bottom shows that the velocity vectors are directed towards the vessel centre probably due to the inclination of bottom impeller discharge flow, which does not reach 51 the vessel base. The ensemble averaged velocity field at different Reynolds number, HL=H. Keywords: field; figure; flow; fluid; impeller; liquid; velocity; vessel
• cet-9243 by None (None) - Progress, 63, 9, 53-65 Cai T.C., Chen G.X., Fitz C.W., Kunesh J.G., 2003, Effect of bed length and vapor maldistribution on structured packing performance, Trans IChemE, Vol 81, Part A, 85-93 Changez N.D., Sawistowski H., 1963, Effect of maldistribution on the performance of packed columns, The Industrial Chemist, April, 181-185 Edwards D.P., Krishnamurthy K.R., Potthoff R.W., 1999, Development of an improved method to quantify maldistribution and its effect on structured packing column performance, Trans IChemE, 77, Part A, 656- 662 Fitz C.W., King D.W., Kunesh J.G., 1999, Controlled liquid maldistribution studies on structured packing, Chem. Research and Design, 99, 2-13 Pavlenko A.N., Zhukov V.E., Pecherkin N.I., Chekhovich V.Y., Sunder S., Houghton P., Serov A.F., Nazarov A.D., 2006, Separation of mixtures and distribution of a liquid in structured packing in a large-scale model of a distillation column, Theoretical foundations of chemical engineering, 40, 4, 329-338 Pavlenko A.N., Zhukov V.E., Pecherkin N.I., Chekhovich V.Y., Sunder S., Houghton P., 2010, Development of mixture composition maldistribution in a distillation column with structured packing, Theoretical Foundations of Chemical Engineering, 44, 6, 869-876 Stikkelman R.M., 1989, Gas and liquid maldistribution in packed columns, PhD Thesis, University of Technology, Delft, NL Stoter, 1993, Modeling of maldistribution in structured packings: from detail to column design, PhD Thesis, University of Technology, Delft, NL Yuan H.-c., Spiegel L., 1982, Theoretical and Experimental Investigation of the Influence of Maldistribution on the Performance of Packed Columns at Partial Reflux, Chem.-Ing.-Tech., 54, 8, 774-775 Zuiderweg F.J., Kunesh J.G., King D.W., 1993, A model for the calculation of the effect of maldistribution on the efficiency of a packed column, Trans IChemE, Vol 71, Part A, 38-44 720 Keywords: column; design; diameter; distillation; efficiency; flow; liquid; maldistribution; packing; scale; sulzer
• cet-9245 by None (None) - To provide detailed information on the heterogeneous flow patterns to derive reliable process models, ultrafast X-ray tomography is applied as a non-invasive measurement technique with high temporal and spatial resolution. DOI: 10.3303/CET1869122 Please cite this article as: Sohr J., Schubert M., Flechsig S., Kenig E., Hampel U., 2018, Experimental investigation of fluid dynamics in sandwich packings with ultrafast x-ray tomography, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 69, 727-732 DOI: 10.3303/CET1869122 727 Yildirim et al. (2015) adapted the Wallis plot method to determine the loading limits of sandwich packings. Keywords: flow; holdup; liquid; packings; ray; sandwich
• cet-9246 by None (None) - An important conclusion was that if downcomers could be developed to realize parallel liquid flow patterns on trays (corresponding to the Lewis Case 2), it would lead to higher tray efficiencies, than the conventional counter-current flow patterns (Lewis Case 3). Gains from tray efficiency enhancements can also be invested in decreasing operational expenses. Keywords: efficiency; flow; liquid; point; tray

• cet-12537 by None (None) - This improves the exposure of PET pieces to the degradative enzymes. An anionic surfactant (Sodium dodecyl sulfate) as a pre-treatment for PET pieces in the presence of I. sakaiensis was studied by Furukawa et al. (2018). Keywords: biofilm; degradation; dtab; medium; pet; pieces; plastics; sakaiensis; treatment
• cet-12758 by None (None) - Since AMD persists long after abandonment of mine operations, passive treatment system may provide the long-term solution that can be made sustainable using materials that are cheap and derived from waste. Passive treatment systems are viewed as a method that is better economically because they do not need continuous chemical inputs like in active treatment systems (Kefeni et al., 2017). Keywords: acid; amd; drainage; limestone; lmw; treatment
• cet-12865 by None (None) - Different technologies have been used for OMW treatment. ISBN 978-88-95608-95-2; ISSN 2283-9216 Coupling the Infiltration-Percolation and Solar Distillation Technologies for the Treatment of Olive Mill Wastewater Soufiane Bakri Alaouia,b, Mounia Achakb,c, Younes Chhitid, Fatima Ezzahrae, M'Hamdi Alaouie, Edvina Lamya,* aUniversity of Technology of Compiègne, Alliance Sorbonne University, Department of Chemical Enginneering, UTC/ESCOM, EA 4297 TIMR, Centre de recherche Royallieu - CS 60 319 - 60 203 Compiègne cedex, France bNational School of Applied Sciences, Chouaïb Doukkali University, (LabSIPE), El Jadida, Morocco cMohammed VI Polytechnic University (UM6P), Chemical and Biochemical Sciences, Benguerir, Morocco dNational school of chemistry, University Ibn Tofail, Kénitra, Morocco eSciences Faculty, University Abdelmalek Essaâdi,Tétouan, Morocco edvina.lamy@utc.fr The current study was carried out to treat the Olive Mill Wastewater (OMW) via a hybrid system that combine the infiltration-percolation system using low-cost natural adsorbents and solar distillation technology. Keywords: distillation; infiltration; matter; olive; omw; percolation; solar; technology; treatment
• cet-12887 by None (None) - Ammonium persulfate has the lowest molecular mass and the highest water solubility (850 g/L) which gives its edge at wastewater treatment at low temperature (Izadifard et al. 2017). 2021).The issue with emerging pollutants could be complicated as they tend to escape the conventional wastewater treatment plants based on biological treatment and, therefore, the development of the complementary methods of wastewater treatment is required (Mergenbayeva and Poulopoulos 2022). Keywords: ammonium; persulfate; removal; toc; treatment; wastewater
• Calibration Model for a Near Infrared Spectroscopy (NIRS) System to Control Feed Quality of Soy Cake Based on Feed Value Assessments In-Vitro by Hoffmann, D.; Brugger, D.; Windisch, W.; Thurner, S. (2017) - Therefore, the aim of this study is to test a first calibration for processed soybeans that can be used for optimizing the heat treatment at decentral soybean processing plants. Also comparing the statistical values to other soybean calibrations or other calibrations in general, the established statistical parameters of this calibration show good results (Delwiche et al. 2006; Krapf et al. 2011; Zhang and Zhang 2015). Keywords: calibration; infrared; processing; samples; soybeans; spectra; tia; treatment
• cet-13478 by None (None) - The lack of strategies for soil recovery, such as the indiscriminate use of fertilizers (Hengl et al., 2017), anthropogenic activities (Guo et al., 2019), poor management of domestic waste have caused an environmental problem (Nascimento et al., 2021). Some studies support the use of municipal organic waste for soil recovery through dosing (Muñoz et al., 2015). Keywords: days; germination; maximum; mow; soil; treatment; value
• cet-13831 by None (None) - Although wastewater treatment plants serve a great purpose in the reduction of environmentally threatening contaminants from wastewater, the increase in energy consumption by these plants raises concerns about climate change. Thus, there has been a rise in literature attempting to map the energy consumption of wastewater treatment plants to help decision-making in the search for alternative energy sources to promote self-sufficient wastewater treatment plants. Keywords: biogas; energy; plants; sludge; treatment; wastewater; wastewater treatment; wwtp
• cet-14406 by None (None) - Evaluación de la aplicación del quitosano como biocoagulante para la remoción de turbidez en el tratamiento de agua residual de una lubricadora, Universidad Agraria del Ecuador. Uso de materiales orgánicos como filtros en el tratamiento de aguas residuales provenientes de granjas porcicolas, Universidad Nacional Agraria de la Selva. Keywords: chitosan; dose; removal; results; treatment; turbidity; wastewater
• cet-15084 by None (None) - In copper-deficient soils of winter wheat, foliar fertilisation with copper treatments has been reported to improve nitrogen uptake (Schmidt et al., 2004). Figure 3: Effect of copper treatments on yield. Keywords: complex; content; copper; effect; protein; sulphate; tetramine; treatment; wheat; yield
• cet-15284 by None (None) - Otero-González, L., Field, J. A., & Sierra-Alvarez, R., 2014, Inhibition of anaerobic wastewater treatment after long-term exposure to low levels of CuO nanoparticles, Water Research, 58, 160–168. Lv, J., Ni, Q., Dong, J., Ou, C., Cao, Y., Gan, J., & Xiao, F., 2023, Effects of influent organic load on TMAH (tetramethylammonium hydroxide) wastewater treatment by anaerobic process, Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering, 11(2), 109315. Keywords: anaerobic; cod; effluent; et al; industry; semiconductor; treatment; wastewater
• cet-15295 by None (None) - Overall, CPS hydrolysis enhances carbon recovery in WWTPs, reducing reliance on external carbon sources. These results support the potential for mesophilic hydrolysis (38°C) as an energy-efficient approach, as it offers high cellulose degradation without the excessive energy demand associated with thermophilic (≥50°C) conditions. Keywords: cellulose; cps; energy; hydrolysis; recovery; treatment; wastewater
• cet-15316 by None (None) - Pyrolysis treatment results in 26 % lower GWP impacts (70.8 kg CO2-eq per 1000 kg of input), 85 % lower MEP impacts (0.0065 kg N-eq per 1000 kg of input), and 91 % lower TETP impacts (216 kg 1,4-DBC-eq per 1000 kg of input) compared to incineration (96.2 kg CO2-eq, 0.0437 kg N-eq, and 2330 kg 1,4-DBC-eq per 1000 kg of input, respectively).The study highlights pyrolysis as a more eco-friendly and energy-efficient option for managing PFAS-rich waste, outperforming incineration in the considered environmental categories. Regarding the MEP, the total impact from pyrolysis treatment results in 0.0065 kg N-eq per 1000 kg of input, whereas incineration leads to 0.0437 kg N-eq per 1000 kg of input. Keywords: incineration; life; pfas; pyrolysis; sludge; treatment
• cet-15322 by None (None) - Another aspect to take into account is the pH, at 7, 14 and 21 days the lowest pH values were when there was less chromium reduction, but as the days passed the pH in the samples rose at the same time there was more chromium reduction; this verifies the influence on chromium reduction, so it can be said that at low pH Pseudomonas putida has a low capacity to reduce chromium VI (Khan et al., 2024). As a bioremediation technique for chromium (VI), there is the use of biomass in various forms, such as using municipal dried sludge as a permeable bio reactive barrier (Kholisa et al., 2022); also, with the use of Pseudomonas putida bacterium, which have already been evaluated with very promising results for the treatment of domestic wastewater, they have also been used for the treatment of wastewater contaminated with Cr (VI) with an efficiency of 98.6% in 26 days (Mendoza-Vela et al., 2022). Keywords: bacterium; chromium; days; hexavalent; pseudomonas; putida; reduction; sample; treatment; wastewater
• cet-15323 by None (None) - Table 2: Parameters of earthworm habitability conditions Control(days) Temperature (°C) Humidity (%) Hydrogen potential (pH) 0 (initial) 18 57.5 6.5 15 18 80.0 7.0 31 18 77.5 7.0 46 20 70.0 7.0 3.2 Physicochemical and microbiological parameters of treated wastewater in biofilter 1 The wastewater from the management and marketing of hydrobiological products after treatment in biofilter 1, which contained 250 g of Eisenia foetida worms, presented the levels of physicochemical and microbiological parameters shown in Table 3. Parameters No treatment Treatment time (days) 5 10 15 Electrical conductivity (μmho/cm) 8.43 7.44 7.9 3.46 Temperature (°C) 16.5 19.1 21.3 22.5 TSS (mg/L) 345 64.52 17.21 15.18 Color (PCU) 285 125 63.23 47.23 Turbidity (NTU) 146 140.67 104.67 36.07 pH 7.43 7.01 7.15 7.75 BOD5 (mg/L) 744 453 87.22 75.07 COD (mg/L) 1118 580 141.5 124.37 Oils and fats (mg/L) 87 21.05 15.14 11.06 Total Coliforms (NMP/100mL) 240000 1200 1200 1100 Thermotolerant coliforms (NMP/100 mL) 2500 1200 1100 1100 Organic matter (mg/L) 631 87.03 63.22 56.09 3.3 Physicochemical and microbiological parameters of treated wastewater in biofilter 2 Filter 2, with 500 g of worms, showed a level of reduction similar to filter 1, according to the results shown in Table 4, indicating that the efficiency does not depend relatively on the number of worms in the biofilter, the 435 most important thing is the good habitability of the biofilter related to humidity (Loro, 2018), temperature (De Lima Rodríguez et al., 2013) and pH (Paico, 2017). Keywords: biofilter; eisenia; foetida; parameters; products; treatment; wastewater; worms
• cet-15353 by None (None) - The treatments with the highest proportion of organic fertilizer presented the worst conditions, since the treatment (1) with 100% fertilizer did not present germination, the treatment (2) with 75% of frass content presented a germination of 93.33%, but its growth was slow, the treatment (3) with 50% of fertilizer composition presented the lowest germination, but it was the second treatment that had the best growth conditions, followed by the treatment (4) with 25% content, where the plants concluded the experimentation with a height of 68.22 mm, number of leaves 8 and stem diameter of 1.4 mm. In the study of (Fan et al., 2023), organic fertilizers provide fertility to the soil in the long term, contributing to agricultural production, and it is also considered that this is related to the improvement of soil conductivity. Keywords: coffee; fertilizer; germination; growth; larvae; pulp; soldier; treatment
• cet-15727 by None (None) - Electrocoagulation with Al and Fe electrodes has demonstrated removal efficiencies of up to 82.7% and 72.7% TOC in batch and semicontinuous modes, confirming its potential for wastewater treatment (Sandoval et al., 607 mailto:yfazabache@unsm.edu.pe 2024). References Akinnawo S.O., Ayadi P.O., Oluwalope M.T., 2023, Chemical coagulation and biological techniques for wastewater treatment, Ovidius University Annals of Chemistry, 34(1), 14–21. Keywords: aluminum; coffee; current; doi; electrocoagulation; electrodes; iron; removal; treatment; wastewater
• cet-15731 by None (None) - High organic wastewater from winery operation increases energy use by over 50 %. The carbon footprint of wastewater treatment plants is significant; the processes are energy- intensive and thus high CO2 emitters. Keywords: aeration; demand; energy; operation; plantation; poplar; treatment; wastewater; wine; winery; wtp
• Synergistic Effect of Tryptophan and Erythromycin on Pseudomonas Aeruginosa Biofilm Structure and Dispersal by Kalgudi, R.; Chrzastek, A.; Kyazze, G.; Iqbal, I.; Keshavarz, T. (2018) - Following that, combination of two isoforms of one concentration (the most effective one) of tryptophan and antibiotic erythromycin against P. aeruginosa PAO1 biofilm will be performed. For the purpose of this study, dextrorotatory (D-) and laevorotatory (L-) isoforms of tryptophan have been chosen and three different concentrations (1 mM, 4 mM, 8 mM) selected to determine whether these concentrations have any effect on dispersion of P. aeruginosa PAO1 biofilm. Keywords: aeruginosa; biofilm; doi; treatment; tryptophan
• Odour Monitoring of a Municipal Wastewater Treatment Plant in Poland by Field Olfactometry by Barczak, R.; Kulig, A. (2016) - At the mechanical-biological municipal wastewater treatment plant, located in Poland in Mazovia Voivodeship, and its surroundings odour measurements using the field olfactometry method were conducted. However, the Nasal Ranger field olfactometer range has not been evaluated in interlaboratory comparison studies yet, and the accuracy and reproducibility of odour measurements by this devices are unknown at this moment and should be subject of future studies. Keywords: cod; impact; measurements; odour; receptor; sludge; treatment
• Study on Modification of Novel Magnesium Alloy for Sports Equipment by Dong, S.W. (2016) - As magnesium alloy has the characteristics of low weight, high specific strength, good damping and noise reduction performance and outstanding recovery performance, it has attracted widespread attention and is expected to become the main force of a new generation of materials for the sports equipment (Liu, 2010; Aonuma and Nakata, 2012). On the premise that the existing advantages of the magnesium alloy are guaranteed, how to improve its corrosion resistance has become an important technical issue in the field of magnesium alloy and is also an urgent technical problem to be solved for the magnesium alloy for sports equipment. Keywords: alloy; homogenization; magnesium; magnesium alloy; sample; test; treatment
• Nano-scale Zero Valent Iron (nZVI) Treatment of Marine Sediments Slightly Polluted by Heavy Metals by De Gisi, S.; Minetto, D.; Lofrano, G.; Libralato, G.; Conte, B.; Todaro, F.; Notarnicola, M. (2017) - The key mechanisms involved in heavy metal removal by nZVI are adsorption and reduction. J. 217, 54-60 Lofrano G., Libralato G., Minetto D., De Gisi S., Todaro F., Conte B., Calabrò D., Quatraro L., Notarnicola M., 2017, In situ remediation of contaminated marine sediment: an overview, Environ. Keywords: dosage; metals; remediation; removal; sediment; treatment
• cet-5612 by None (None) - Integrated fungal biomass and activated sludge treatment for textile wastewaters bioremediation. Anastasi A., Spina F., Prigione V., Tigini V., Giansanti P., Varese G.C., 2010, Scale-up of a bioprocess for textile wastewater treatment using Bjerkandera adusta, Bioresour. Keywords: cod; decolourisation; fungal; phase; reactor; sludge; textile; treatment; wastewaters
• Assessment of the Influence of the Temperature in the Microwave-Assisted Alkaline Delignification of Vine Shoots by Davila, Izaskun; Gullon, Patricia; Labidi, Jalel; Budarin, Vitaliy (2018) - 2.3 Microwave assisted delignification of pretreated vine shoots The alkali delignification was carried out in a CEM-Discover SP microwave by mixing the hydrothermally pretreated vine shoots with a solution of 3.1 w/w% NaOH in an LSR of 10 Kg/Kg (oven-dried basis), using 35 Vine shoots Autohydrolysis (non-isothermal regimen) This fact has driven the attention towards the production of bio-ethanol from unexploited lignocelullosic biomass, such as vine shoots for instance. Keywords: alkaline; alkaline delignification; delignification; lignin; microwave; shoots; solid; treatment; vine; vine shoots
• cet-8290 by None (None) - 0,00E+00 5,00E-05 1,00E-04 1,50E-04 2,00E-04 2,50E-04 3,00E-04 3,50E-04 4,00E-04 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 i li in te ns ità tal qu CH3C Na2C 0 0,00002 0,00004 0,00006 0,00008 0,0001 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 in te ns ità ta C N 0,00E+00 2,00E-06 4,00E-06 6,00E-06 8,00E-06 1,00E-05 1,20E-05 1,40E-05 1,60E-05 1,80E-05 2,00E-05 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 in te ns ità ta C M � : untreated ¡: CH3COOH+H2O2 ¡ MeOH+Na2CO3 EC KLK ME KU Figure 2: Sulfur related fragments emitted during the combustion of untreated and treated coal samples. In any event, the main objective of such works was to expand the knowledge of the key aspects in order to contribute to the realization of suitable processes for coal demineralization. Keywords: coal; combustion; content; demineralization; samples; treatment
• Comparative Analysis of AOPs and Biological Processes for the Control of VOCs Industrial Emissions by Oliva, Giuseppina; Zarra, Tiziano; Naddeo, Vincenzo; Munoz, Raul; Lebrero, Raquel; Angeles, Roxana; Belgiorno, Vincenzo (2018) - Furthermore, the synergic effects among different waste gas treatments could be identified analysing the scores of the different alternatives for the single criteria. This method allowed to assign scores to different alternatives by using a pairwise comparison between different criteria (Hossaini et al., 2015; Kabir et al., 2014). Keywords: 0,00; 1,00; criteria; criterion; processes; treatment; vocs

• cet-11162 by None (None) - Future work based on this outcome should address the other crucial winglet variables, such as winglet height and sweep, in order to conclude about the possible similarity between SHWT and large wind turbines winglet design. Gupta A., Amano R.S., CFD analysis of wind turbine blade with winglets, 2012, ASME 2012 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference, August 12- 15, 2012, Chicago, IL, USA, American Society of Mechanical Engineers Digital Collection, 843-849. Keywords: angle; blade; power; shwt; tip; turbine; wind; winglet
• cet-12563 by None (None) - Global Wind Atlas is used for showing wind patterns and WRPLOT software plots wind class of sites. Methods Westerly wind patterns prevail in most parts of New Zealand. Keywords: generation; new; patterns; power; wind; zealand
• cet-13116 by None (None) - This study establishes benchmarks for a complete assessment of various technologies and a roadmap to clean coal technology for South Africa, focusing on SO2 emissions reduction. Therefore, advances in clean coal technology are driven by pollution requirements. Keywords: africa; coal; content; emissions; power; sample; south; technology; wt.%
• Energy Production by Small Hydro Power Plants in Collective Irrigation Systems of Calabria (Southern Italy) by Zema, D.A.; Nicotra, A.; Tamburino, V.; Zimbone, S.M. (2017) - Applying at the regional scale a previously developed model to evaluate the technical and economic feasibility of SHP plants in existing irrigation systems, this paper estimates the theoretical energy production and the economic performances of SHP plants installed in the WUAs operating in Calabria. SHP plants, showing easy operation and maintenance, cheap electricity generation prices and environmentally sustainability (Laghari et al., 2013; Yah et al., 2017), are considered excellent options for rural electrification in remote and decentralised areas, characterized by proper potential or existing irrigation systems (Cavazzini et al., 2016). Keywords: calabria; energy; irrigation; plants; power; shp; systems
• cet-13740 by None (None) - Therefore, GAC is a viable replacement to solid material anode electrodes which is proposed to improve MFC performance since the anode surface area plays a crucial role in MFCs. Research has shown that utilizing electrogenic halophiles under super saline operating conditions can broaden the scope of industrial MFC applications and enhance MFC performance owing to the enreached electrolyte conductivity (Shrestha et al., 2018). Keywords: air; anode; cathode; fuel; gac; mfc; output; performance; power
• cet-15001 by None (None) - Most effective power is dissipated in ball impacts against the wall ranging from 2.9·10-5 to 3.5·10-5 J and in shearing between the balls and the walls at collisions ranging from 7.0·10-5 J to 8.5·10-5 J. While angular speed clearly has a direct effect on the amount of energy that goes into the system, it is not so clear for different ball sizes, as simulations are set up to have similar total masses. This study focuses on the numerical characterization of planetary ball mills in terms of different parameters such as angular velocity, number of balls, and ball size. Keywords: ball; collisions; energy; impact; mill; planetary; power; shear
• cet-15042 by None (None) - Integrating renewable energy into railway systems has been the subject of various studies. However, several challenges still exist in fully integrating renewable energy into railway systems. Keywords: energy; et al; infrastructure; power; railway; sources; storage; systems; wind
• cet-15058 by None (None) - Solar panel systems are considered agro-photovoltaic if their establishment and operation do not prevent the underlying land from being used as arable land according to its agricultural category (Hungarian Official Gazette, 2021). These include aquaculture, grazing, and crop cultivation systems (Silan et al., 2024). Keywords: apv; crop; cultivation; energy; panels; photovoltaic; power; systems
• cet-15447 by None (None) - Figure 4: Area of vortex at different impeller speeds for the three CMC solutions. Figure 3: Snapshots of vortex formation at given impeller speed and CMC concentration. Keywords: cmc; fluid; impeller; mixing; power; rpm; vortex
• Performance of Commercial Diesel Detergent by Zezhen, Li; Yun, Xiong; Bo, Chen (2018) - Diesel detergents are classified into ash-based and ashless types according to whether they contain metals (Tian and Xiong, 2010). The test uses commercial No.0 vehicle diesel (reported as 0#) with physicochemical indexes in accordance with GB 19147-2016. 2.2 Test program Detergency evaluation: 12 types of diesel detergents available in domestic and foreign markets are chosen and added to 0# base diesel, reported as 1# ~ 12#, at a ratio of 300μg·g-1. Keywords: cleaning; deposits; detergent; diesel; engine; fuel; power; soot; test
• Application of Load-pull in Power Amplifier Design by Li, X.G.; Bai, X.C.; Yuan, Q.; Zhang, S.A. (2016) - The simulation results showed that the new method could get the optimal output within three iterations, which verified that the new method is a practical and efficient in power amplifier design. Experimental results and analysis In power amplifier design, the load-pull test error introduced into the system, the circuit board processing error, plus LDMOS power transistor manufacturers produced each transistor there will be differences, could cause actual results and simulation difference can be significant. Keywords: amplifier; circuit; design; efficiency; load; matching; method; momentum; output; power; power amplifier; simulation
• Power Load Forecasting based on the Parallel Chaos Algorithm by Chang, X.; Li, B.X. (2016) - References Akhmet M., Akhmetova Z., Fen M.O., 2014, Chaos in economic models with exogenous shocks, Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, 106: 95-108, DOI: 10.1016/j.jebo.2014.06.008 El-Shorbagy M.A., Mousa A.A., Nasr S.M., 2016, A chaos-based evolutionary algorithm for general nonlinear programming problems, Chaos, Solitons & Fractals, 2016, 85: 8-21, DOI: 10.1016/j.chaos.2016.01.007 Farshidianfar A., Saghafi A., 2014, Identification and control of chaos in nonlinear gear dynamic systems using Melnikov analysis,Physics Letters A, 378: 3457-3463, DOI: 10.1016/j.physleta.2014.09.060 He Y.X., Zhang J.X., Xu Y., Gao Y., Xia T., He H.Y, 2015, Forecasting the urban power load in China based on the risk analysis of land-use change and load density, International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems, 73: 71-79, DOI: 10.1016/j.ijepes.2015.03.018 Li S., Goel L., Wang P., 2016, An ensemble approach for short-term load forecasting by extreme learning machine, Applied Energy, 170: 22-29, DOI: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2016.02.114 Liang H.T., Kang F.J., 2016, Adaptive chaos parallel clonal selection algorithm for objective optimization in WTA application, Optik - International Journal for Light and Electron Optics, 127: 3459-3466, DOI: 10.1016/j.ijleo.2015.12.122 Malyutina E.I., Shiryaev V.I., 2014, Time Series Forecasting Using Nonlinear Dynamic Methods and Identification of Deterministic Chaos, Procedia Computer Science, 31: 1022-1031, DOI: 10.1016/j.procs.2014.05.355 Martinez-Anido C.B., Botor B., Florita A.R., Draxl C., Lu S.Y., Hamann H.F., Hodge B.M., 2016, The value of day-ahead solar power forecasting improvement, Solar Energy, 2016, 129: 192-203, DOI: 10.1016/j.solener.2016.01.049 Ömer F.E., 2016, Forecasting electricity load by a novel recurrent extreme learning machines approach, International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems, 78: 429-435, DOI: 10.1016/j.ijepes.2015.12.006 Panapakidis L.P., 2016, Clustering based day-ahead and hour-ahead bus load forecasting models, International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems, 80: 171-178, DOI: 10.1016/j.ijepes.2016.01.035 Xiao L.Y., Shao W., Liang T.L., Wang C., 2016, combined model based on multiple seasonal patterns and modified firefly algorithm for electrical load forecasting, Applied Energy, 2016, 167: 135-153, DOI: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2016.01.050 360 DOI: 10.3303/CET1651060 Please cite this article as: Chang X., Li B.X., 2016, Power load forecasting based on the parallel chaos algorithm, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 51, 355-360 DOI:10.3303/CET1651060 355 2. Keywords: algorithm; chaos; forecasting; load; power; prediction
• The Design of Hybrid Active Power Filter based on Harmonics Detection and Its Simulation Research by Ma, Z.Y. (2016) - The hybrid active power filter, which combines active power filter, passive power filter and generalized integrators, and which has their both respective merits, leading the development of electric reliability and quality. Minimum current principle of harmonic compensation The hybrid active filter consists of active power filter (APF), passive power filter, three-phase PWM voltage inverter (pulse width modulation) and coupling transformer. Keywords: compensation; current; filter; harmonic; power; power filter; voltage
• cet-6369 by None (None) - Figure 2: relationship of power supply system, power transfer equipment and loads Relationship of power supply system, power transfer equipment and loads is displayed in Figure 2. Therefore, power transfer equipments are widely used to insure an uninterrupted capacity of power supplying as soon as the faults or failures happen to power supply system. Keywords: circuit; equipment; fault; power; switch; transfer
• Analysis of China’s Regional Wind Power Generation Efficiency and its Influencing Factors by Pan, Xiongfeng; Zhang, Jing; Li, Changyu; Pan, Xianyou (2018) - In order to objectively evaluate the current situation of wind power generation in China and identify the key factors, based on the data of 30 Chinese provinces from 2011 to 2014, this study use a meta-frontier data envelopment analysis (DEA) model and a symbolic regression method to study wind power generation efficiency and its influencing factors. (3) Technical progress has the most impact on wind power generation efficiency, followed by carbon regulation, while wind energy reserve has the least impact on wind power generation efficiency. Keywords: efficiency; energy; generation; generation efficiency; power; power generation; region; wind; wind power
• Superstructure Optimization of Geothermal Binary Combined Cooling, Heating and Power System Using Life Cycle Optimization by Tian, Xueyu; You, Fengqi (2018) - The energy carrier in geothermal energy systems, such as geofluid, generally has a much lower temperature than the flue gas generated by fossil fuel combustion, allowing low-temperature heat demand to be met with much higher efficiency. However, there is no systematic study on LCO of geothermal energy systems. Keywords: cooling; cycle; energy; geofluid; geothermal; heating; life; optimization; power
• cet-7217 by None (None) - Experimental Methods 2.1 Digested Sludge and Simulant Rheology Measurements Digested sludge was commonly used in digester mixing studies reported in the literature. Hence, sludge rheology needs to be considered in the design of digester mixing system to achieve optimum mixing. Keywords: anaerobic; digester; impeller; mixing; power; sludge; solutions; xgkt
• Research on Heat Economy of Drive Scheme for Generator Boiler Feed Pump by Song, Yanjie; Jia, Zhijun; Zhang, Guojun (2018) - In summary, the above research work mainly focuses on the research of feed water pump drive scheme in existing power plants, which mainly involves the implementation of some schemes, and the advantages and disadvantages of the schemes, but lacks of research on the thermal economy of its units. Mrzljak et al. pointed out that if the wet-cooling conditions of small units could be met in some areas, steam pumps could be considered. Keywords: drive; efficiency; energy; feed; power; pump; scheme; steam; units

• cet-12810 by None (None) - Acknowledgments This work was carried out as part of a thesis with a CIFRE agreement from the National Association for Technical Research (ANRT) 67 37 8 21 33 63 92 79 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 A lk a n e s A ro m a ti c h y d ro c a rb o n s O V O C s H a lo g e n a te d c o m p o u n d s D is tr ib u ti o n p e rc e n ta g e ( % ) FID MS 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 C y c lo h e x a n e 2 -M e th y l- h e x a n e 3 -M e th y l- h e x a n e 2 2 4 -T ri m e th y l- p e n ta n e N -h e p ta n e M e th y l- c y c lo h e x a n e 2 3 4 -T ri m e th y l- p e n ta n e 2 -M e th y l- h e p ta n e 3 -M e th y l- h e p ta n e N -o c ta n e N -n o n a n e N -d e c a n e B e n z e n e T o lu e n e E th y l- b e n z e n e m & p -x y le n e s S ty re n e o -x y le n e i- p ro p y lb e n z e n e n -p ro p y lb e n z e n e m -e th y lt o lu e n e p -e th y lt o lu e n e 1 3 5 -T ri m e th y lb e n z e n e o -e th y lt o lu e n e 1 2 4 -T ri m e th y lb e n z e n e 1 2 3 -T ri m e th y lb e n z e n e m -d ie th y lb e n z e n e p -d ie th y lb e n z e n e A c ro le in A c e to n e Is o p ro p y l a lc o h o l M e th y l te rt -b u ty l e th e r V in y l a c e ta te M e th y l e th y l k e to n e E th y l a c e ta te T H F 1 ,4 -D io x a n e M e th y l m e th a c ry la te M e th y l is o b u ty l k e to n e M e th y l b u ty l k e to n e C h lo ro e th a n e D ic h lo ro m e th a n e 1 -1 -D ic h lo ro e th a n e C -1 -2 -D ic h lo ro e th e n e C h lo ro fo rm e 1 -2 -D ic h lo ro e th a n e 1 1 1 -T ri c h lo ro e th a n e C C l4 1 -2 -d ic h lo ro p ro p a n e B ro m o -d ic h lo ro m e th a n e T ri c h lo ro e th e n e D ib ro m o -c h lo ro m e th a n e 1 -2 -D ib ro m o e th a n e T e tr a c h lo ro e th e n e C h lo ro b e n z e n e B e n z y lc h lo ri d e 1 -3 -d ic h lo ro b e n z e n e 1 -4 -d ic h lo ro b e n z e n e 1 -2 -d ic h lo ro b e n z e n e Alkanes Aromatic compounds OVOCs Halogenated compounds A c c u ra c y a t 4 p p b ( % R S D ) FID MS Validated data 65 References Abraham M. H., Gola J. M.R., Cometto-Muñiz J. E., (2016), An assessment of air quality reflecting the chemosensory irritation impact of mixtures of volatile organic compounds, Environment International 86, 84 – 91. Fortunately, we can avoid these coelutions with MS detection by selecting the specific ion for each compound. Keywords: air; compounds; fid; n e; z e
• cet-12843 by None (None) - The reduction in α-pinene RE was moderated in BR 1, decreasing to 41.5 ± 11.2 %. The reduction in the EBRT to 60 s had little effect on VOC removal in BR 1 and BR 2. Keywords: air; hexane; inlet; pinene; removal; res; stage; toluene; vocs
• cet-12848 by None (None) - In this work, the previous independent analysis was extended to several Countries around the world with the aim to find the best location for the DAC plant at different ambient air temperatures. Techno-economic assessment of CO2 direct air capture plants, Jour-nal of Cleaner Production 224, 957-980 House K.Z., Baclig A.C., Ranjan M. and et al., 2011. Keywords: adsorption; air; capture; dac; energy; ° c
• cet-13088 by None (None) - [%] 58 Table 1: Stove efficiencies, and corresponding O2 concentration and chimney inlet temperature In general the efficiencies are higher using EN22. Stove efficiencies of around 80% was achieved for all three stoves, with the highest efficiency achieved for the stove with the highest heat storage capacity. Keywords: air; chimney; combustion; efficiency; exp; stove; wood
• cet-14661 by None (None) - Active barriers involving high- velocity jets require a large amount of energy (compression work when using high-velocity air jets, or heat when using high-velocity steam jets); for the case study investigated, which is a catastrophic and less probable one, the energy required by active barriers with high-velocity jets is of the order of 105 MJ. Therefore, the main aim of this paper is to provide a comparison among the pros and contras of using passive vs. active barriers to reduce the hazardous distance related to an accidental scenario in an LNG regasification terminal. Keywords: air; barrier; case; cloud; distance; jets; lng
• cet-15103 by None (None) - The effective fine dust filtration of GNRs onto stainless steel mesh is shown in Table 2. Graphene was widely investigated as antibacterial air filter membranes. Keywords: air; bacteria; filter; filtration; gnrs; graphene; membrane; mesh; nanoribbons; resistance; stainless; steel
• cet-15104 by None (None) - Despite the description in some protocols, like VDI-3880 (2011) of how to sample area sources, it was demonstrated by the last version of European standard (EN-13725:2022) that it is impossible to fix a consensus about the sampling method for such emission sources. FC and WT are one part of sampling protocol dedicated to area sources (Duan et al., 2021). Keywords: air; area; drone; emission; flux; odour; sampling; source; surface
• cet-15131 by None (None) - Experimental Campaign 2 : Measurement of detonation cord air blast On May 24, 2024, the second experiment was executed. An anti – tank mine made of steel and a 250 g cartridge wrapped with detonation cord were added to initiate the explosion (Figure 1b). Keywords: air; blast; charge; cord; detonation; explosives; figure; mass; source
• cet-15140 by None (None) - O2 concentrations begin to fall to a minimum of 10.5 vol% and N2 concentrations rise to 88 vol%. At 8,800 s, O2 concentrations begin to increase, to a maximum of 29 vol% at 9,600 s, which indicates that the condensate has become enriched with O2 and is now evaporating and causing O2 concentrations at the vent to rise. Keywords: air; condensate; container; lh2; test; vol%
• cet-15611 by None (None) - Indoor PM 2.5 levels may derive from emissions of indoor PM 2.5 sources and emissions from outdoor PM 2.5 sources. This observation is also demonstrated by Gupta and Elumalai (2019), where PM levels can be 1.8 to 6.7 times higher near roadways during peak traffic compared to outdoor levels. Keywords: air; avenue; hours; indoor; levels; metro; peak; station
• cet-15691 by None (None) - Similar observations were reported by Yulinawati et al. (2021), who highlighted the influence of room functions on indoor PM 2.5 accumulation in hospital environments. 394 Figure 4: Correlation plots of Indoor PM 2.5 concentrations versus Indoor Relative Humidity (%) for each floor level measured from November 12-23, 2024: (a) 1st Floor (2.5 m), (b) 2nd Floor (5 m), (c) 3rd Floor (8 m), and (d) 4th Floor (11 m). Keywords: air; concentrations; floor; indoor; infiltration; levels; outdoor
• The Effect of Air Gap on the Morphological Properties of PSf/PVP90 Membrane for Hemodialysis Application by Said, N.; Hasbullah, H.; Ismail, A.R.; Abidin, M.N.Z.; Goh, P.S.; Othman, M.H.D.; Kadir, S.H.S.A.; Kamal, F.; Abdullah, M.S.; Ng, B.C. (2017) - In hemodialysis, the use of hollow fibre membrane is more preferable since it has a larger contact area with blood and the dialysate in spite of its small volume as a whole to exhibit excellent mass transfer efficiency (Feng et al., 2013). Table 2: Dimensional changes of hollow fibre membranes as a function of air gap Air gap (cm) Residence time (s) OD (cm) ID (cm) OD/ID Ratio Cross-Section Area Change Ratioa 3 0.38 0.045 0.036 1.25 3.70 30 3.82 0.035 0.023 1.52 3.80 50 6.36 0.031 0.020 1.55 4.81 aRatio of the spinneret cross-section area to a fibre cross-section area. Keywords: air; air gap; fibre; gap; hemodialysis; membrane; morphology; psf; size
• cet-5295 by None (None) - At each repetition the concentrations of chemical odorants were measured by PTR-MS and odour concentration by dynamic olfactometry in the mobile laboratory. Table 1: Average concentrations of chemical odorants (ppbv) measured by PTR-MS at abatement technologies installed at pig houses with growing-finishing pigs along with odour activity value (∑OAV) and odour concentrations measured by dynamic olfactometry (OU/m3). Keywords: air; laboratory; odorants; odour; olfactometry; pig; slurry
• cet-6900 by None (None) - To quantify the effects of flame inhibitors in congested petrochemical facilities and to design systems for deployment of flame inhibitor clouds in such a facility assuring a considerable reduction of the explosion loads it was suggested to use the dedicated CFD-model FLACS (Arntzen, 1998). This approach does not allow for describing deposition of flame inhibitor particles from the suspension. Keywords: air; cloud; combustion; effect; explosions; flame; inhibitors; vapour

• Quality Changes of Tropical and Subtropical Fresh-Cut Fruits Mix in Modified Atmosphere Packaging by Sortino, G.; Caviglia, V.; Liguori, G.; De Pasquale, C.; Gianguzzi, G.; Farina, V. (2017) - 3. Results and Discussion Weight loss of fresh-cut MAP fruit increased gradually during 12 days of cold storage, especially in CTR fruit that showed higher values than MAP treatment (Table 1). Nevertheless, with a good initial product, the quality characteristics of fresh fruit may be prolonged. Keywords: ctr; cut; days; fruit; mango; map; orange; pineapple; quality; storage; values
• Postharvest Application of Sulphur Dioxide Fumigation to Improve Quality and Storage Ability of "Red Globe" Grape Cultivar During Long Cold Storage by Sortino, G.; Allegra, A.; Passafiume, R.; Gianguzzi, G.; Gullo, G.; Gallotta, A. (2017) - Lichter A., Zutahy Y., Kaplunov T., Lurie S., 2008, Evaluation of table grape storage in boxes with sulfur dioxide releasing pads with either an internal plastic liner or external wrap, HortTechnology, 18, 206–214. Piazzolla F., Pati S., Amodio M. L., Colelli G., 2016, Effect of harvest time on table grape quality during on vine storage, Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture, 96(1), 131-139, DOI: 10.1002%2Fjsfa.7072. Keywords: berries; days; grape; life; postharvest; quality; rachis; so2; storage; table; table grape; values
• Shelf-Life and Quality of Fresh-Cut Peach Cv ‘Ruby Rich’ at Different Maturity Stage by Sortino, G.; Gallotta, A.; Farina, V.; Allegra, A. (2017) - Figure 1 Weight loss (%) of fruit slices of ‘Ruby Rich®’ peach harvested and processed at the following stages: commercially ripe (MG) and ripe on tree (RP) both stored for 3, 5, 7 and 12 d at 5 °C. Evolution of chemical and physical parameters for fruit slices of ‘Ruby Rich®’ peach harvested and processed at commercial ripeness (MG) and ripe on tree (RP), stored 3, 5, 7 and 12 d. at 5 °C. Keywords: cut; fruit; peach; quality; ruby; slices; storage
• Effects of Rapid Refrigeration and Modified Atmosphere Packaging on Litchi (Litchi chinensis Sonn.) Fruit Quality Traits by Farina, V.; Sortino, G.; Saletta, F.; Passafiume, R.; Giuffre, D.; Gianguzzi, G.; Inglese, P.; Liguori, G. (2017) - After 12 days of cold storage treatment RRF fruits reaching the best values of L*a*b demonstrating that the RR treatment has helped the fruit to keep color characteristics. In conclusion, it can be said that the rapid cooling treatment technology allows to limit the loss of fruit color compared to not treated fruits with the advantage of presenting to the consumer a more attractive external appearance. Keywords: days; fruit; life; litchi; rrf; shelf; storage
• Consumer Assessment on Sensory Attributes of Fresh Table Grapes Cv 'Italia' and 'Red Globe' after Long Cold Storage Treatment by Chironi, S.; Sortino, G.; Allegra, A.; Saletta, F.; Caviglia, V.; Ingrassia, M. (2017) - Lichter, A., Zutahy Y., Kaplunov T., Lurie S., 2008, Evaluation of table grape storage in boxes with sulfur dioxide releasing pads with either an internal plastic liner or external wrap, HortTechnology, 18, 206–214. 1. Introduction Several studies have been carried out, so far, on table grapes; particularly, recent researches have focused on new methods for extending storage shelf life of cultivars bred in the major producing countries. Keywords: attributes; consumers; globe; grape; italia; red; so2; storage; table
• cet-13489 by None (None) - Likewise, the storage conditions and evaluation times for canned quail eggs in Beta vulgaris sauce using temperature-controlled (40, 45 y 50 °C) in six times as recommended by Acosta et al. (2014). 248 3. Results and Discussion 3.1 Sensory acceptability analysis of canned quail eggs in Beta vulgaris sauce Results of the sensory acceptability analysis of the five formulations of canned quail eggs in beterraga sauce (Beta vulgaris) are shown in Table 2, which presents significant differences among treatments, with the treatment T4 (75% de Beta vulgaris) statistically superior to the other treatments, reaching a mean acceptability of 8.18 points compared to T2 (25% Beta vulgaris) which reported the lowest average with 3.71 points based on the 9-point hedonic scale. Keywords: acceptability; beta; eggs; liquid; quail; quail eggs; quality; shelf; storage; vulgaris
• cet-13525 by None (None) - The combination of PAW and SC/GG/BW edible coating on MP cherry tomatoes stored at 4°C up to 14 days did not affected the pH, TSS, weight loss and firmness of cherry tomatoes. Respiration rate results showed that SC/CH coating did not affect the respiration rate of MP cherry tomatoes, whereas SC/GG blends at 0.2 % was able to reduce the respiration rate of almost the 50% at 20°C. Keywords: cherry; coating; control; days; effect; samples; storage; tomatoes
• cet-13734 by None (None) - 1.1 Particle shape and size Particle size and shape are crucial factors in dust explosions. 1.2 Moisture Water content of dust particles is an important factor in dust explosions. Keywords: accident; cloud; dust; explosion; figure; ignition; silos; storage; sugar; turbulence
• cet-14678 by None (None) - 2D representation is a well-established and accepted method, 3D representation is a new approach. Figure 1: Storage tank explosive atmosphere from side view (2D) Keywords: areas; explosion; representation; software; storage; tank
• cet-14697 by None (None) - In particular, the effectiveness of two barriers have been analyzed: • Separation distance between BESS units and electric transformer • Structural characteristics of the BESS walls The analyses for the transformer fire scenario showed that the temperatures of the external side of the most exposed wall reached about 250 °C due to the interposed separation distance (5 m); the presence of an intermediate technical volume and the thermal insulation of the walls avoided a significant rise of the air temperature inside the batteries room, that reached a temperature of about 30 °C. This approach is consistent with what has already been developed, again for BESS systems, and is available in the relevant scientific literature, which shows some applications of the Bow-Tie methodology to similar cases. Keywords: battery; bess; energy; explosion; fire; ion; lithium; runaway; storage
• cet-14756 by None (None) - For centrifuge biosolids, the two panellists detected ‘putrid-like sulfur’, ‘musty earthy’, and ‘musty chemical’ in more than half of the overall samples. ‘Fishy” MF (%) ranged from 61% to 79% for centrifuge biosolids, and from 35% up to 93% for out-loading. Keywords: biosolids; centrifuge; emissions; loading; odour; odp; samples; storage
• cet-14819 by None (None) - Table 1: Change of total carotenoids content (mg/100g dry matter) of pumpkin puree during chilled storage Samples Storage intervals (d) 0 3 6 9 12 15 Mean 01-02 15.75 ± 2.08 19.81 ± 4.15 21.44 ± 4.22 21.01 ± 3.64 22.41 ± 3.01 22.14 ± 2.62 20.70 ± 1.70a 0 - 0.025 15.75 ± 2.08 15.98 ± 0.47 16.11 ± 0.91 16.36 ± 1.52 16.16 ± 3.04 15.91 ± 1.52 16.19 ± 0.25cde 0 - 0.05 15.75 ± 2.08 16.76 ± 3.15 18.83 ± 5.91 18.56 ± 6.19 18.72 ± 4.61 19.99 ± 0.62 18.36 ± 1.06b 0 - 0.075 15.75 ± 2.08 15.38 ± 1.67 16.95 ± 5.54 17.13 ± 4.69 17.15 ± 3.84 24.23 ± 8.14 18.17 ± 2.83bc 0.05 - 0 15.75 ± 2.08 22.87 ± 13.06 22.82 ± 4.27 18.76 ± 10.41 22.37 ± 10.91 21.62 ± 10.05 21.23 ± 1.73a 0.05 - 0.025 15.75 ± 2.08 19.71 ± 8.38 17.97 ± 7.43 17.95 ± 7.25 19.01 ± 5.96 19.46 ± 8.10 18.14 ± 1.67bc 0.05 - 0.05 15.75 ± 2.08 18.21 ± 7.99 18.95 ± 6.55 16.72 ± 4.21 19.88 ± 8.25 19.85 ± 8.57 18.04 ± 1.86bc 0.05 - 0.075 15.75 ± 2.08 17.02 ± 7.99 17.99 ± 5.43 16.33 ± 5.22 20.02 ± 9.23 17.64 ± 7.74 17.73 ± 1.14bcd 0.1 - 0 15.75 ± 2.08 16.72 ± 7.70 15.82 ± 4.34 17.29 ± 5.68 16.63 ± 2.52 15.54 ± 5.33 15.89 ± 1.27de 0.1 - 0.025 15.75 ± 2.08 14.48 ± 4.54 12.19 ± 4.49 14.20 ± 5.89 15.33 ± 2.41 18.75 ± 0.05 14.97 ± 1.95e 0.1 - 0.05 15.75 ± 2.08 14.73 ± 4.82 12.56 ± 2.16 16.24 ± 7.52 15.01 ± 1.53 15.48 ± 4.68 14.37 ± 1.48e 0.1 - 0.075 15.75 ± 2.08 14.72 ± 5.32 13.69 ± 2.31 15.64 ± 6.39 14.92 ± 2.46 13.03 ± 0.23 14.21 ± 0.94e Mean 15.75 ± 2.08b 17.19 ± 2.44ab 17.11 ± 3.14ab 17.18 ± 1.68ab 18.13 ± 2.57a 18.63 ± 3.11a Note: The a, b, c,... superscript letter(s) in the same column and row are significantly different (p < 0.05). 3 6 9 12 15 Mean 01-02 2.12 ± 0.86 2.97 ± 1.38 2.31 ± 0.13 2.68 ± 0.25 3.09 ± 0.11 2.64 ± 0.37abcd 0 - 0.025 1.04 ± 0.91 2.29 ± 0.31 1.33 ± 1.79 2.22 ± 1.31 2.08 ± 1.68 1.79 ± 0.51ef 0 - 0.05 1.35 ± 0.01 2.69 ± 0.27 2.83 ± 0.56 2.81 ± 0.19 3.12 ± 0.05 2.56 ± 0.62abcd 0 - 0.075 1.16 ± 0.24 2.70 ± 1.09 2.34 ± 0.13 2.56 ± 0.12 2.94 ± 0.03 2.34 ± 0.62bcde 0.05 - 0 2.98 ± 1.46 2.60 ± 0.99 3.10 ± 1.99 2.93 ± 1.95 2.99 ± 0.98 2.92 ± 0.17ab 0.05 - 0.025 1.30 ± 1.12 2.28 ± 1.33 2.96 ± 3.64 1.86 ± 1.16 1.94 ± 1.14 2.07 ± 0.55def 0.05 - 0.05 2.58 ± 2.11 3.01 ± 1.64 3.35 ± 2.73 3.07 ± 2.07 3.40 ± 2.02 3.08 ± 0.29a 0.05 - 0.075 2.13 ± 1.11 3.20 ± 1.97 3.44 ± 2.17 3.12 ± 1.72 3.66 ± 2.03 3.11 ± 0.53a 0.1 - 0 2.37 ± 0.34 1.72 ± 0.85 1.42 ± 0.43 1.35 ± 1.51 1.43 ± 1.76 1.66 ± 0.38f 0.1 - 0.025 1.92 ± 0.88 2.25 ± 0.69 2.63 ± 0.61 2.86 ± 0.69 3.23 ± 0.06 2.58 ± 0.46abcd 0.1 - 0.05 2.13 ± 0.55 2.60 ± 0.41 2.73 ± 0.41 3.03 ± 0.72 3.26 ± 0.28 2.74 ± 0.40abc 0.1 - 0.075 1.42 ± 0.98 2.11 ± 0.63 2.32 ± 0.52 2.57 ± 0.24 2.67 ± 0.37 2.22 ± 0.45cdef Mean 1.88 ± 0.59b 2.53 ± 0.40a 2.56 ± 0.64a 2.59 ± 0.51a 2.82 ± 0.64a Note: The a, b, c,... superscript letter(s) in the same column and row are significantly different (p < 0.05). Keywords: acid; ascorbic; food; potassium; pumpkin; puree; sorbate; storage
• Safety Prediction of Soleplate Corrosion State in Petroleum Storage Tank Based on Grey Theory Model by Zhao, X.G.; Zhou, Y.; Zhao, J.Y.; Zhan, G.; Yang, P. (2016) - After recent studies on the corrosion of steel surfaces, a scientific method needs to be promoted to predict the corrosion trend and make further prevention (Bhattacharjee et al., 1993; Wang et al., 2010).Compared with other corrosion prediction models such as neural network (Leifer & Mickalonis, 2000; Kenan, 2003), new hygrothermal model (Marra et al., 2015), time prediction model (Hua et al., 2014) and chemical model (Narimani et al., 2015), the Grey Model GM(1,1) in the Grey Theory, which is programmed by MATLAB, is introduced to the prediction of soleplate corrosion in petroleum storage tank based on the interconnected random corrosion data obtained by measuring (Deng, 1989; 2002; Figure 2: Different types of soleplate corrosion 273 Figure 3: Soleplate corrosion of No.G-2 storage tank The total area of tank bottom is 651.11 m2. Keywords: corrosion; prediction; soleplate; storage; tank; thickness
• cet-6256 by None (None) - 3.3 Storage behavioral model of heading sensitive drift of inertial platform system caused by the magnetic field Insert equations from Equation (3) to Equation (14) into Equation (2) and unify the units of all parameters, and we can obtain the storage behavioral model of the heading sensitive drift of the inertial platform system under the influence of the magnetic field. It is also difficult to analyze its drift behavior for the model- based PHM system designing of inertial platform systems in engineering application. Keywords: coefficient; drift; field; inertial; platform system; storage; t t; torque

• cet-12733 by None (None) - Accepted: 02 July 2022 Please cite this article as: Yegenova A., Izmbergenov N., Sultanov M., Brener A., 2022, Computer Simulation of Nonlinear Waves in Liquid Films with Surface Activity and Mass Sources at the Bottom, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 94, 1057-1062 DOI:10.3303/CET2294176 CHEMICAL ENGINEERING TRANSACTIONS VOL. 94, 2022 A publication of The Italian Association of Chemical Engineering Online at www.cetjournal.it Guest Editors: Petar S. Varbanov, Yee Van Fan, Jiří J. Klemeš, Sandro Nižetić Copyright © 2022, AIDIC Servizi S.r.l. ISBN 978-88-95608-93-8; ISSN 2283-9216 Computer Simulation of Nonlinear Waves in Liquid Films with Surface Activity and Mass Sources at the Bottom Aliya Yegenovaa, Nurjan Izmbergenova, Murat Sultanovb, Arnold Brener a,* aAuezov University of South Kazakhstan, Tauke Khan 5, Shymkent, Kazakhstan bAkhmet Yassawi University, Turkistan arnold.brener@auezov.edu.kz The paper's primary goal and scientific contribution is the mathematical simulation of nonlinear surface waves in moving thin layers of perfect liquids with accounting for the combined influence of mass sources and surface activity at the free-moving boundaries. The intensity of small surface waves of high frequency, the so-called ripple, increases essentially too. Keywords: activity; equation; liquid; mass; nonlinear; parameters; surface; waves
• cet-12799 by None (None) - Next, the nanocomposites were characterized and used for adsorption study. Adsorption study of Cr(VI) Keywords: adsorbent; adsorption; chromium; cr(vi; kaolinite; nanocomposites; surface
• cet-12847 by None (None) - Figure 4: Surfactant adsorption at different surfactant concentration with alkaline and polymer formulation Figure 5: Reduction of surfactant adsorption for different systems formulated at 2000 ppm 4. The outcomes of this study may result in a decline in surfactant adsorption on quartz sand surface when ASP solution is used instead of surfactant solution alone. Keywords: adsorption; alkaline; asp; cm-1; polymer; quartz; quartz sand; sand; surface; surfactant
• cet-13064 by None (None) - Table 1: Resulting Capacitances of the four granules and their calculated EASAs Single granule Small packed bed Medium packed bed Big packed bed Capacitance (mF) 13.5 10.5 10.1 9.8 EASA (cm2) 67 52 50 49 Figure 2: Cyclic Voltammetries of the four anodes conducted at 100 mV/s. -3200 -2400 -1600 -800 0 800 1600 2400 -0,35 -0,15 Table 2: Bioelectrochemical performance of the cathodic biofilm during the two operating periods Single granule Small packed bed Medium packed bed Big packed bed Average current (µA) 1152 ± 88 752 ± 66 698 ± 54 427 ± 47 Current peak (µA) 1824 1195 1129 756 Average current density (µA/cm2) 17.2 ± 1.3 14.5 ± 1.1 14 ± 1 8.7 ± 0.9 Current Peak density (µA/cm2) 27.2 23 22.6 15.4 Figures 4-A-B-C-D show how the packed bed negatively influenced the current generation. Keywords: area; bed; current; easa; surface
• cet-13483 by None (None) - Firstly, as a coating reference, a single layer of pure Ni coating was deposited (thickness around 10 µm); then, Ni+FEP single layer was deposited with the help of a surfactant added to the nanoparticles solution to avoid the agglomeration of the filler. Study on surface wettability of nickel coating prepared by electrodeposition combined with chemical etching. Keywords: coatings; electroless; icing; layer; plating; pure; sample; surface
• cet-14433 by None (None) - Figure 1: Biosourced materials: a) palm kernels shells, b) coconut nucifera shells, c) canarium schweinfurthii fruit cores and d) fruit cores of raffia vinifera The plant shells and cores have not undergone any particular chemical treatment in order to preserve their natural character. It made it possible to identify the presence of chemical compounds characteristic of biosourced materials such as cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin. Keywords: cellulose; coconut; contact; content; cores; fruit; materials; shells; surface
• cet-14487 by None (None) - The addition of larger amount of PEG into HM films increases significantly the clusters size and an average value of 70 nm is measured for 40% of PEG. Figure 4: Effect of stearic acid and polyethylene glycol content on nano-adhesion and nano-friction of HM films. Keywords: contact; energy; films; peg; properties; surface
• cet-14747 by None (None) - While recent studies have addressed odour emission issues from the landfill surface, there is a notable gap in research focusing on the impact of fugitive biogas emissions on odour impact assessment. This paper proposes an approach for estimating the impact of fugitive biogas emissions on overall odour emissions from a non- hazardous landfill that collects biogas through a network of over 408 vertical wells. Keywords: biogas; emissions; landfill; lfg; methane; odour; qogi; rate; surface; wells
• cet-14779 by None (None) - In the preparation of liquid deodorant, it is crucial to determine the optimum process parameter to reduce the operating cost due to the energy consumption from the stirring. In the preparation of liquid deodorant, two main solid ingredients used were potassium alum and salt (sodium chloride). Keywords: conductivity; contact; deodorant; formulation; health; liquid; rpm; stirring; surface; tension
• cet-15340 by None (None) - Furthermore, nitrogen adsorption-desorption analysis revealed that BPU membranes exhibited behavior characteristic of mesoporous materials, whereas commercial polypropylene demonstrated macroporous characteristics. These findings underscore the viability of BPU membranes as functional materials for specific applications requiring tailored porosity and surface properties. Keywords: bpu; bpu nanocomposite; distribution; figure; membranes; nanocomposite; silica; surface
• cet-15382 by None (None) - Effects of spreader geometry on powder spreading process in powder bed additive manufacturing. Figure 4: Powder layer spread using different tools: (a) top view with the blade-shaped tool; (b) cross-section with the blade-shaped tool; (c) top view with the roller-shaped tool; (d) cross-section with the roller-shaped tool. Keywords: bed; blade; layer; powder; roller; spreading; surface; tool
• cet-15386 by None (None) - Modifying the wettability of solid surfaces has significant implications in areas ranging from the petroleum industry, where enhanced oil recovery is requested, to the textile industry, as well as in the protection of infrastructure such as solar panels and satellites, and in coatings for the materials industry (Cuevas Becerra, 2006; Dos Santos and Goncalves, 2016). Beyond this concentration, no additional data were obtained, first because there is no particular interest in reaching higher surface coverages and second, because of the high adsorption capacity of bentonite, characterized by an extremely large surface area. Keywords: behavior; bentonite; coverage; figure; particles; solid; surface; surfactant; suspensions; wettability
• cet-15401 by None (None) - Results show a 5–23% increase in surface area, supporting a more efficient mass transfer. This work aims to understand the role exerted by foam-printing in the fruitful modification of the texture of the packing surface, so to increase surface area. Keywords: area; figure; foaming; printing; surface
• Impact Mechanism of Marine Biofilm on Concrete Durability by Shuying, Gao; Xiaoning, Tang (2018) - A test is designed to make a comparative analysis on the resistance of marine biofilm to chloride permeability in two cases that the biofilm is active and inactive. DOI: 10.3303/CET1864103 Please cite this article as: Shuying Gao , Xiaoning Tang , 2018, Impact mechanism of marine biofilm on concrete durability, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 64, 613-618 DOI: 10.3303/CET1864103 613 ( )2+ - 2 Fe +2OH Fe OH→ (3) ( ) ( )2 22 3 4Fe OH +O +2H O Keywords: biofilm; chloride; concrete; death; doi; marine; surface; test
• Self-Assembled Polymer Layer with Silver Nanoparticles as an Alternative Coating for Biomedical Applications by Blanco, S.; Uribe, P.; Moreno, D.; Ortiz, C.; Gutierrez, J. (2018) - Then, according to the results we selected the SAMs obtained with adipic acid and glycine to test their assembly with Ag nanoparticles. In this work, we evaluate a self- assembled polymer layer with silver nanoparticles as an alternative coating on mild carbon steel for the substitution of the more expensive stainless steel and the traditional disinfection procedures. Keywords: growth; nanoparticles; nps; silver; steel; surface
• cet-2771 by None (None) - Generation and analysis of complex form 3.1 Procedure of parametric design for complex surface structure The first step of parametric design is to determine the core design logic. Then, the parametric design and software for complex surface structure were determined. Keywords: curve; design; figure; freeform; modelling; structure; surface
• Improved Photocatalytic Properties of Doped Titanium–Based Nanometric Oxides by Scarsella, M.; Bracciale, M.P.; De Caprariis, B.; De Filippis, P.; Petrullo, A.; Pronti, L.; Santarelli, M.L. (2017) - Two photocatalysts were synthesized Ba- TiO2 and Sr-TiO2 were the metal load is for both 1 % by weight. Naraginti S., Thejaswini T.V.L, Prabhakaran D., Sivakumar A., Satyanarayana V.S.V., Arun A.S., 2015, Prasad Enhanced photo-catalytic activity of Sr and Ag co-doped TiO2 nanoparticles for the degradation of Direct Green-6 and Reactive Blue-160 under UV & vis, Spectrochim. Keywords: irradiation; light; size; surface; tio2
• cet-4345 by None (None) - 3.3.2 Characteristic analysis of part information combination oriented to MC-VE Parts geometry information oriented to MC-VE is described by the international standard STEP and XML format file. The characteristic and demand of part information are analysed of a mixed cloud virtual enterprises (MC-VE) based on the Internet and Internet of thing. Keywords: binary; combination; information; internet; parts; surface; tree
• cet-4763 by None (None) - A publication of The Italian Association of Chemical Engineering www.aidic.it/cet Guest Editors: Petar Sabev Varbanov, Neven Duić Copyright © 2014, AIDIC Servizi S.r.l., ISBN 978-88-95608-33-4; ISSN 2283-9216 DOI:10.3303/CET1442027 Please cite this article as: Ananpattarachai J., Kajitvichyanukul P., 2014, Adsorption and degradation of 2-chlorophenol by TiO2/AC and TiO2/CB in photocatalytic process, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 42, 157-162 DOI:10.3303/CET1442027 157 Adsorption and Degradation of 2-Chlorophenol by TiO2/AC and TiO2/CB in Photocatalytic Process Jirapat Ananpattarachai, Puangrat Kajitvichyanukul* Center of Excellence on Environmental Research and Innovation, Faculty of Engineering, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok 65000, Thailand puangratk@nu.ac.th In this work, carbonaceous materials including activated carbon (AC) and carbon black (CB) were used in an enhancement the adsorption capacity of TiO2 particles. Both AC and CB were used in the enhancement the adsorption capacity of TiO2 particles. Keywords: adsorption; materials; removal; surface; tio2
• cet-5076 by None (None) - We also show the first numerical determination of critical Bond numbers as a function of static contact angle by phase-field simulation. In addition, results of 3D simulations are compared to critical Bond numbers from a static stability analysis based on a numerical integration of the Young-Laplace equation. Keywords: angle; bond; contact; detachment; number; phase; surface; wall
• Selective Biosorption of Precious Metals by Cell-surface Engineered Microalgae by Shen, N.; Birungi, Z.S.; Chirwa, E.M.N. (2017) - Chlamydomonas reinhardtii Pyrroline-5- carboxylate synthetase (P5CS) Cd2+ Intercellular bind fourfold more Cd2+ than wild-type cells (Siripornaduls il et al., 2002) 27 4.1 Self-flocculating microalgae Due to the small size of microalga cells (2 - 20 μm) and strong negative charge on cell surface (Barros et al., 2015), the economical harvesting/separation of microalgae from large volume solutions poses a formidable challenge for the industry commercialization. As mentioned above, it is feasible to construct the engineered microbes with high binding capacity and selectivity towards specific metal ions by overexpression of functional protein on cell surface. Keywords: biosorbents; cell; engineering; metals; microalgae; proteins; recovery; surface
• cet-6895 by None (None) - Within a range from 1 mm to 3 mm the potential US is more or less directly proportional the distance between spiral surface and inner wall surface independent on whether there is an earthed conductive wall on the outside of the hose or not. Within a range from 1 mm to 3 mm the potential UI does practically not depend on the distance between spiral surface and inner wall surface independent on whether there is an earthed conductive wall on the outside of the hose or not. Keywords: hose; layer; surface; wall

• Conversion of Bio-Ethanol to 1,3-Butadiene over Grafted ZrO2/FeMgAl-Layered Double Oxide Catalyst by Suwansawat, Pimpawan; Jitkarnka, Sirirat (2020) - 2.2 Catalyst characterization The crystallinity of catalysts was investigated using Rikagu SmartLab X-Ray Diffractometer. Based on several articles, ZrO2 catalysts provided a good activity on the acetaldehyde condensation reaction. Keywords: acetaldehyde; acid; base; butadiene; catalyst; conversion; ethanol; femgal; ldo; zro2
• Natural Deep Eutectic Solvent (NADES) Design Framework for Extraction of Polyphenols from Jackfruit by Song, Ying Thong; Mustaffa, Azizul Azri (2021) - 2.3 Stage 3: Method of screening NADES candidates were reduce significantly based on the selected target properties in this stage. NADES candidates were first screened based on the constraints of target properties for NADES and followed by second screened based on the solubility of polyphenols in NADES. Keywords: acid; candidates; extraction; jackfruit; nades; polyphenols; screening; target
• cet-12556 by None (None) - 1. Introduction Biodiesel, a mixture of monoalkyl esters of biodegradable long chain fatty acids, contains insignificant amounts of sulphur and is nontoxic and renewable (Abdullah et al., 2017). Biomass conversion via the transesterification of palm oil sludge (POS) with methanol is a common route to synthesize fatty acid methyl esters (FAMEs) (Abdullah et al., 2017). Keywords: acid; esters; ethyl; fatty; liquid; mass; transesterification
• cet-13048 by None (None) - A green, cost-effective and safe electrochemical approach for the production of n-docosane with 45% product yield was obtained using Pt-coated copper electrodes. 4.1 Kolbe electrolysis of lauric acid on Pt-coated copper electrodes A set of experiments was carried out utilizing Pt-coated copper electrodes for the decarboxylation of lauric acid, as shown in Table 1. Keywords: acid; copper; electrodes; electrolysis; kolbe
• cet-13078 by None (None) - Although the highest conversion of oleic acid was obtained at the 12:1 EOM, the highest ethyl oleate yield (11.13%) was achieved at the 3:1 EOM. 3.2 Effect of EP on esterification reaction products The esterification reaction of oleic acid was conducted using a range of EP (80–100 wt.%) and at 3:1 EOM. The effects of ethanol-to-oleic acid molar ratio and ethanol purity on the yield of biodiesel production were investigated for the esterification of oleic acid. Keywords: acid; biodiesel; esterification; ethanol; ethyl; oleate; oleic; oleic acid; reaction
• cet-14807 by None (None) - In Table 3 predicts the BBB penetration of compounds: bioactive components with a (+) value are likely to cross the BBB, while those with a (-) value are not. The toxicity analysis evaluates the predicted toxicity of Euphorbia hirta l. bioactive components. Keywords: acid; binding; bioactive; components; compounds; kcal; mol; protease; tawa
• cet-14810 by None (None) - The acid-base titration demonstrated a minimal percentage difference with GC-MS data for LA conversion and could be suggested as a reliable liquid product analysis, especially for LA esterification reaction. 88 Figure 4: (a) ALs yield and LA conversion from the esterification of LA with methanol, ethanol, and n-butanol to ALs over SLBC catalyst quantified by acid-base titration and GC-MS analysis, (b) Illustration of reaction mechanism of LA esterification to ALs on catalyst surface 3.3 Separation of ALs via solvent extraction Table 1 displays the percentage of extracted ALs as quantified by GC-MS. Keywords: acid; als; catalyst; esterification; extraction; hexane; liquid; product; reaction
• cet-15310 by None (None) - The objective of this research was to evaluate the percentage of compliance in the bromatological, and microbiological parameters of fermented lactic beverages based on yam (Dioscorea rotundata), honey, and pollen as a strategy for the valorization of beekeeping by-products, taking into account the safety of the production process. One of the most widely used methods for obtaining new products is lactic acid fermentation. Keywords: acid; beverages; culture; fermentation; hawthorn; pollen; products; yam
• cet-15317 by None (None) - This study reports, for the first time, original results on metal extraction from NiMH black mass using choline chloride-lactic acid DES, compared to conventional acid leaching. 2.2 Regression analysis Empirical models were developed to identify the significant effects of the investigated factors (acid concentration, temperature, and time) on the output variables (metal extraction and selectivity) using JMP software. Keywords: acid; batteries; des; earth; et al; extraction; metal; nimh; ree; rees; selectivity
• cet-15371 by None (None) - Chelate formation can negatively affect metal precipitation and according to the experimental findings further depresses the precipitation of the most soluble metal, i.e. manganese. This solution can be used to precipitate metals into new chemicals or directly synthesize new cathodic materials through co- precipitation of mixed metals precursors of cathodes, the method used for industrial production of mixed cathodic materials from synthetic salt solutions (Dong and Koenig 2020). Keywords: acid; batteries; doi; leach; leaching; liquor; lithium; manganese; materials; metal; precipitation; precursors; solution
• Optimisation of Acid Hydrolysis of Grasses using Response Surface Methodology for the Preparation of Bioethanol by Than, S.S. (2017) - Three variables such as acid concentration, acid volume and hydrolysing time were considered as influencing factors on the yield of fermentable sugars during acid hydrolysis. Fresh stems of grass were processed into fermentable sugars by acid hydrolysis using sulfuric acid. Keywords: acid; ethanol; grass; grasses; hydrolysis
• Study on ZnO Catalytic Activity in Salycilic Acid Degradation by Sonophotocatalysis by Fatimah, I.; Pradita, R.Y.; Nurfalinda, A. (2017) - Wavelength (nm) 0 4 8 12 16 1 2 3 4 5 F (R )h v Band gap Energy (eV) 1654 Figure 6: Spectra of treated salicylic acid solution at varied time under ZnO+UV treatment Figure 7: Kinetics of salicylic acid degradation over varied treatments (a) without H2O2 (b) with H2O2 The synergistic index of the proses using catalytic degradation and also catalytic oxidation degradation was calculated using Eq(2) and Eq(3). Figure 3: Adsorption-desorption pattern of prepared ZnO The photoactivity and sonoactivity of ZnO is shown by the kinetics of salicylic acid degradation over varied treatments in Figure 6. Keywords: acid; degradation; figure; salicylic; solution; zno
• cet-200 by None (None) - Besides the 5 %-Ru/C, which was shown to provide high yields of GVL at relatively mild reaction conditions (Protsenko et al., 2016), a number of the heterogeneous catalysts intended for the synthesis of GVL from LA has been developed as a result of numerous studies, e.g. the catalysts on the basis of noble metals such as Pd (Wright and Palkovits, 2012) and Pt (Upare et al., 2011) deposited on inorganic supports. Earlier it was shown that Ru/HPS, especially the catalysts based on HPS of MN100 type containing amino-groups, can serve as an alternative to the commercial 5 %-Ru/C catalyst (Protsenko et al., 2016), however the bounds of high GVL yield for Ru/HPS catalysts were not studied. Keywords: acid; catalysts; gvl; hydrogenation; levulinic; mn100; valerolactone
• Technology of Wastewater Use For L-Lactic Acid Biosynthesis by Dvoretsky, D.; Dvoretsky, S.; Temnov, M.; Markin, I.; Akulinin, E.; Bushkovskaya, A.; Ustinskaya, Y. (2018) - On the basis of the experimental data obtained using the equations of Verhulst and Monod- Yerusalimsky, a mathematical model of the process of culturing lactic acid bacteria has been identified, describing the kinetics of growth of lactic acid bacteria, the loss of the carbon-containing substrate and the accumulation of lactic acid. For this purpose the following tasks have been solved: 1) lactic acid biosynthesis using filtrate after the cultivation of microalgae in wastewater for the strains B. coagulans B-10468 and Lactobacillus casei (L. casei) B-3241 has been researched; 2) a comparative analysis of the biosynthesis of lactic acid on nutrient media based on microalgae-treated wastewater and wastewater after traditional biological treatment with activated sludge has been carried out; 3) a mathematical model describing the growth of the biomass of lactic acid bacteria, kinetics of lactic acid accumulation, and consumption of the substrate has been developed, and model parameters were experimentally determined. Keywords: acid; casei; coagulans; cultivation; culture; fluid; vulgaris; wastewater
• Chemically Modified Natural Substances Screening for Biofilms Inhibition and Biofouling Control by Silva, M.D.G.; Almeida, D.; Soares Da Silva, R.D.C.; Meira, H.; Almeida, F.; Fernandes, M.; Silva, A.K.P.; Dos Santos V, A.; Sarubbo, L. (2018) - Selected substances and their variants for the synthesis were chosen based on/supported by studies that demonstrated the antifouling potential of some types of fatty acids and the efficacy of monoglycerides in combating the formation of biofilms. It was observed that a mixture of palmitic, stearic, oleic and linoleic acids was able to inhibit AI-2 activity, disturbing the microbial quorum sensing, thus indicating that fatty acids inhibit biofilm formation and, in turn, inhibit the larval establishment (Soni et al 2008). Keywords: acid; biofilms; fatty; glyceryl; growth; inhibition; oleic; sodium; substances
• An Amperometric Biosensor for the Determination of Lactic Acid During Malolactic Fermentation by Sannini, A.; Albanese, D.; Malvano, F.; Crescitelli, A.; Di Matteo, M. (2015) - Some authors overcome interference problem, related to the application of LOX biosensors in the analysis of food samples, using polyaniline-co-fluoroaniline films (Suman et al., 2005) or combining polysulfone multiwalled nanotubes with ferrocene (Perez and Fabregas, 2012). LOX biosensor was stored at 4 °C before use. Keywords: acid; biosensor; fermentation; lox; mlf; screen; wine
• Nanostructured Pb Electrode for Innovative Lead-acid Battery by Insinga, M.G.; Moncada, A.; Oliveri, R.L.; Ganci, F.; Piazza, S.; Sunseri, C.; Inguanta, R. (2017) - Here, we show that battery with nanostructured Pb electrode works at 1C charge and discharge with very good stability for over 1200 cycles, and discharge efficiency around 90%. Synthesis of Pb nanostructured electrodes was conducted in two steps: deposition of the current collector followed by NWs deposition. Keywords: acid; battery; charge; discharge; electrode; lead
• cet-7318 by None (None) - Gentisic acid has been pointed out as a metabolic intermediate in aromatic acid degradation by halophilic archaea, and gentisate 1,2-dioxygenase activity has been detected in at least two haloarchaea genera in a substrate-dependent manner (Fairley et al., 2006). In a previous paper (Cuadros-Orellana et al., 2006) we reported on the isolation and properties of forty four extremely haloarchaea able to grow aerobically on aromatic acids as sole carbon and energy sources. Keywords: acid; archaea; benzoic; dead; medium; sea; strain
• cet-9888 by None (None) - Nonetheless, the need for complex separation steps makes the lactic 736 acid-based biorefinery very challenging, both in terms of lactic acid production and its transformation to other materials (Dusselier et al., 2013). Therefore, if 1,2-PDO were produced directly from dilute, lower purity lactic acid, as proposed by Binczarski et al. (2016), who treated lactate from sugar beet pulp fermentation broth through adsorption on activated carbon to be converted into 1,2-PDO over Ru catalyst, achieving high yield (87.7 mol %). Keywords: 1,2; acetaldehyde; acid; bar; distillation; pdo; reactive

• cet-12251 by None (None) - To develop an observation tool and methodology for sharing didactic and pedagogical knowledge on crisis observation 4. Thus, the first study, presented here, consisted of meetings with the organisers of crisis exercises of local major risk prevention and civil security departments. Keywords: activity; crisis; exercise; interviews; management; observation; simulation; tool; training
• cet-14358 by None (None) - Table 1: List of environmental sustainability indicators Indicator Sub-indicator Definition Scale Scores Optimal Value 1. Table 2: Environmental sustainability indicators for the agricultural enterprises Indicators Agricultural company Crop specialist farm Livestock specialist farm Mixed (plant and livestock) farm Land 0.10 0.70 0.90 1.00 Climate 0.33 0.53 0.53 0.40 Keywords: assessment; crop; farm; indicators; livestock; management; manure; ratio; soil; sustainability
• cet-14378 by None (None) - Tarutė A., Gatautis R., 2014, ICT Impact on SMEs Performance. The aim of the research is to understand the effect of environmental sustainability and the usage of management information systems on profitability in the case of SMEs. Keywords: business; companies; company; digitalization; et al; management; performance; research; smes; sustainability
• cet-14403 by None (None) - As a result, finding the best energy distribution that maximizes societal, environmental, and economic benefits must be the guiding premise for designing smart energy systems. Furthermore, it is expected that smart energy systems will be resilient to disturbances, i.e., that they will have an adequate response to failures and changes in demand patterns. Keywords: cities; contributions; design; energy; energy management; management; networks; review; strategies; systems
• cet-1480 by None (None) - badralsolami@gmail.com Devotional and ritual observance by internal pilgrims to Hajj presents a constant journey towards fulfilling the fifth pillar of Islam. Although, internal pilgrims are within their geographical domain, the large number of pilgrims visiting Mina at a given time stimulates crowding perception. Keywords: crowding; factors; hajj; internal; level; management; mina; pilgrims; research; signage; strategies
• cet-15041 by None (None) - This view has been supported by Charles et al. (2023) as they emphasised the integrated function of AI and blockchain in improving supply chain resilience. On the other hand, Patil et al. (2023) further provide an assessment of the consequences of blockchain in manufacturing on visibility and traceability, Muralidharan et al. (2022) explained how mimicking modelling effectively evaluates supply chain resilience in front of crises like the COVID-19 pandemic. Keywords: blockchain; chain; doi; management; pharmaceutical; resilience; supply; supply chain; technologies
• cet-15075 by None (None) - The quality of relationships, especially the relationship dimension, has a direct impact on supply chain performance, underpinning the importance of relationship building and management in supply chains. The study employs a novel categorisation scheme derived from the conceptual framework of supply chain management and aims to contribute to the existing supply chain management literature by providing insight into the correlations between supply chain performance and quality of customer-supplier relationships from the perspective of relationship quality researchers. Keywords: attitudes; chain; companies; integration; management; performance; relationships; supply; supply chain
• cet-15124 by None (None) - Myopia during emergency improvisation : Lessons from a catastrophic wildfire. Exploring improvisation and planning through practices Understanding the interplay between plan implementation and improvisation remains a challenge, as the current state of knowledge does not fully capture this interaction. Keywords: crisis; improvisation; management; planning; plans; research; resilience; response
• cet-15710 by None (None) - Energy management plays a critical role in reducing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and promoting renewable energy by identifying inefficiencies in energy use and enabling targeted interventions (Monjurul Hasan and Trianni, 2020), thereby reinforcing the need to integrate energy management practices with GHG emissions strategies. However, most GHGMS are not operationally linked to energy management systems, although energy-related emissions, particularly from fuel combustion and electricity use, account for the largest share of reported GHGs. Keywords: emissions; energy; energy management; framework; ghg; iso; management; performance; sustainability; systems
• cet-15750 by None (None) - The research advances the state of the art by conducting a thorough review of 102 papers for a systematic literature review and found technologies such as blockchain, AI, ERP, and cloud systems, which can be used to support supply chain sustainability. The study aims to address the gap by scientifically examining how digital tools play a significant role in B2B supply chain sustainability. Keywords: blockchain; chain; communication; doi; management; supply; supply chain; sustainability; technologies; tools
• cet-4448 by None (None) - A system of systems approach to energy sustainability assessment: Are all renewables really green? According to Raza et al. (2014), the two biggest barriers of energy efficiency reported by hospitals participating in the study were related to internal resources, including human resources to control the programs and the costs of the actual energy efficiency actions. Keywords: actions; doi; energy; framework; health; hospitals; management; program; saving; sustainability

• cet-11157 by None (None) - The numbers of propeller blades, propeller installation method and propeller diameter are selected according to the working conditions and the characteristic of the engine. Figure 5: Optimization flow chart As shown in Figure 6, contrasting the original and optimized chord length of propeller blades, the viscosity effect and the drag of blade element let the chord length distribution move inward, the chord length in the middle area increases, and the plane shape of the blades become full. Keywords: aircraft; blade; design; figure; method; performance; propeller; thrust
• cet-14391 by None (None) - 4.3 Sustainable Seismic Design in Christchurch The Christchurch Central Library, an embodiment of sustainable seismic design, seamlessly integrates the use of sustainable construction materials into its structure, demonstrating the city's dedication to both environmental sustainability and earthquake resilience. It also emphasizes the importance of considering geotechnical conditions in urban planning and construction, and the role of policy in promoting sustainable seismic design. Keywords: building; christchurch; construction; design; earthquake; materials; practices; research; sustainability
• cet-14392 by None (None) - Similar to the findings of the previous example, during fatigue constraint topology optimization, the value of 𝜎𝐻𝑀𝐻 𝑚𝑎𝑥 decreased significantly in comparison to the values obtained for linear and geometrically nonlinear designs. However, for fatigue constraint optimization, the value of 𝐹 is treated as a displacement with a magnitude of 2 mm. Keywords: constraint; design; fatigue; optimization; topology; volume
• cet-15741 by None (None) - This study explores how parametric modelling and BIM can be integrated to support sustainable building design and practices. The integration of the two methods, i.e., the BIM-based application of the parametric approach, opens up new possibilities for sustainable building design. Keywords: bim; building; construction; cycle; design; energy; integration; life; modelling; optimisation; parametric; sustainability
• cet-6687 by None (None) - Figure 1: Initial static mixer configurations: a) HEV mixer, b) coaxial static mixer The first configuration (Figure 1a) is allowed to change the fin height h and inclination a in the streamwise direction, while the second one is mapped into cylindrical coordinates and is free to change the shape of the blade, up a to a limit angle of b=60° respect to the streamwise flow.. In fact, the effect of Reynolds number is relevant depending on mixer configuration (Kumar 2007). Keywords: approach; case; design; fluid; mixer; newtonian; shape; static
• cet-7330 by None (None) - The data indicates that high retention percentage of penicillin G (95.4 %) values was obtained when OSA starch concentration and gelation time were lower. Figure 2a also depicts that the increase in alginate concentration showed positive effects on penicillin G retention. Keywords: alginate; design; osa; penicillin; percentage; retention; starch
• Study on Environmental Management and Ecological Restoration of Coal Mine Wasteland by Luo, Jing; Liu, Jingjing; Liu, Qian (2018) - Kumar et al. used grey constellation clustering method to divide Mentougou coal mining area into ecological restoration area, ecological maintenance area and ecological conservation area, selected three indicators of ecological damage degree, population density and per capita income, and defined the restoration mode and direction of the three areas. Saini et al. carried out ecological engineering reclamation planning and design for urban coal mining subsidence area, and designed nine reclamation zones including crop, vegetable planting area, solid waste filling reclamation and cultivation area, ecological agricultural park, deep water aquaculture area, crop reclamation area and shallow subsidence reclamation area, so as to achieve the purpose of improving economic efficiency as well as improving economic performance (Saini et al., 2016). Keywords: area; coal; design; environmental; land; landscape; mining; restoration; soil; subsidence

• cet-11156 by None (None) - Figure 4: Cr(VI) (40 mg/L) removal by nZVI@PGA at different initial pH (T=25 °C) 3.5 Effect of initial Cr(VI) concentration on the removal of Cr(VI) by nZVI@PGA Figure 5a shows the effect of initial Cr(VI) concentration for the removal of Cr(VI) at pH=3. nZVI owns better adsorption and reduction effect in the field of hexavalent chromium removal from wastewater or contaminated soil (Mouhamadou et al., 2015). Keywords: chromium; cr(vi; effect; figure; hexavalent; iron; nzvi@pga; removal; zhang
• cet-11482 by None (None) - This implies that the rate of AMX adsorption onto graphene-OH was affected mainly by the availability of active adsorption sites on the adsorbent rather than the concentration of the AMX in the solution (Moussavi et al., 2013). = 1 + (3) = (4) The equilibrium data for AMX adsorption was fitted with both the Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms (Figure 3b), and non-linear regression analysis determines the calculated parameters (Table 2). Keywords: adsorbent; adsorption; amoxicillin; amx; graphene; removal
• cet-12790 by None (None) - The current study used the same separations module and a C18 column as in the study by Yong et al., (2017). The method by Yong et al. (2017) was used for measuring various indole compounds in sugar cane juice. Keywords: broth; indole; indoline; lead; pb(ii; ppm; removal
• cet-15404 by None (None) - The novel geopolymer-zeolite composites exhibited CO₂ adsorption capacities of up to 3 mmol/g at 1 bar, with CO₂/N₂ selectivity ranging from 50 to 300 at 0.1 bar, highlighting their potential for the separation of gas mixtures. Adsorption capacities were determined using the ideal gas law, with incremental pressure steps up to 1 bar enabling detailed isotherm construction. Keywords: adsorption; composites; co₂; csp; geopolymer; materials; removal; zeolite
• cet-15669 by None (None) - Energy consumption analysis shows that the optimum balance between mixing energy and electrode power consumption is achieved at 300 rpm, resulting in a 13 % reduction in total energy consumption compared to previous studies. The research focuses on optimizing the internal geometry of the reactor, particularly the arrangement of tubular baffles, to improve flow patterns and minimize energy consumption. Keywords: baffles; consumption; cr(vi; energy; mixing; reactor; reduction; removal; tubular
• Manganese-Containing Mixed Oxide Electrodes as Anode Materials for Degradation of Model Organic Pollutants by Sotgiu, G.; Montanaro, D.; Orsini, M.; Petrucci, E. (2017) - For instance, electrodes were prepared for electrochemical capacitor (Wen et al., 2009) or for oxygen evolution reaction (Browne et al., 2016). Figure 3: Cyclic voltammograms of RuOx-MnOx-CuOx electrode (a) and RuOx-MnOx-CoOx electrode (b). Keywords: chloride; electrodes; methyl; mnox; orange; oxides; removal; ruox
• Cadmium Removal from Acqueous Solution by Adsorption on Spent Coffee Grounds by Patterer, S.; Bavasso, I.; Sambeth, J.; Medici, F. (2017) - Figure 2: (a) Comparison of adsorption model responses for cadmium adsorption on SCG at T=10°;.(b) Langmuir equation provided the best fit to the data at all the studied temperatures (high R2 value) as shown in Figure 2, in which is reported the data fitting of the run performed at 10°C, identified in our test as the most favorable temperature for cadmium adsorption. Keywords: adsorption; cadmium; order; pseudo; removal; scg
• Microscopic Zero Valent Silver for Dye Removal in Wastewater by Gallo, A.; Sethi, R. (2017) - The novelty of the approach examined in this study resides in synthetizing silver particles with sodium borohydride using a reagents stoichiometry which leads to particles which quickly aggregates in micrometric clusters, hence significantly reducing their mobility. Not only nanoparticles can be applied to different AOPs (Minero et al., 2005, Minella et al., 2016) but can also be applied directly to groundwater via injection (Tosco et al., 2014). Keywords: degradation; dyes; nanoparticles; particles; removal; silver
• cet-5292 by None (None) - 238 Figure 3: (a) Freundlich isotherm representation for the adsorption of phenol onto SSBA (T= 20, 30 and 55°C; t = 3 h; C0 = 40-200 mg.l-1) (b) Plot of the pseudo second-order kinetic for the adsorption of phenol onto SSBA (T= 20°C; t= 3 h) Table 2: Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm parameters for phenol adsorption at 20,30 and 55 °C T (°C) Langmuir isotherm Freundlich isotherm Qm (mg.g−1) b (l.mg−1) R2 RL kF 236 3.2 Effect of contact time and initial phenol concentration Keywords: adsorbent; adsorption; equilibrium; phenol; removal; ssba
• cet-7215 by None (None) - A number of technologies for the removal of heavy metal ions from aqueous solutions have been developed over the years. A number of technologies for the removal of heavy metal ions from aqueous solutions have been developed over the years, which was recently confirmed (shaker,2005).The most important of these techniques include chemical precipitation, filtration and reverse osmosis. Keywords: adsorption; clinoptilolite; copper; freundlich; removal; solution
• cet-7321 by None (None) - Accordingly, the effects of laccase activity (500-1,000 U/L), hydraulic residence time (1-4 h) and oxygen frequency supply (2-8 pulses of oxygen each HRT) were investigated. Samples were withdrawn during the treatment time (8 h) to determine the concentration of the estrogens in the effluent and to measure laccase activity. Keywords: activity; degradation; enzyme; hrt; laccase; membrane; oxygen; reactor; removal

• cet-12850 by None (None) - In particular, Mexico country has great challenges, its efforts have not been sufficient, it lacks adequate infrastructure for the modernization of the sector, it needs to adopt new technologies and less polluting fuels, as well as promote national regulations. These policies contribute to global efforts to limit climate change and Mexico’s own need to maintain energy security, diminish air pollution, and improve the health and well-being of its people. Keywords: change; climate; climate change; countries; development; emissions; mexico; sector; transport
• cet-13089 by None (None) - 1. Introduction Primary measures to reduce emissions from wood stoves include proper installation and maintenance of the stove, using dry, well-seasoned wood, and the use of certified stoves. Overall, proper installation, maintenance, use of dry, well- 61 seasoned wood and using a certified stove are primary measures to reduce emissions from wood stoves. Keywords: aut; emissions; en22; fuel; ignition; man; stove; wood
• cet-14746 by None (None) - The key principles: installations and activities with potential odour impacts and applications for emission permits In the light of the legal basis of the guidelines and the concepts of emissions into the atmosphere and odour emissions, the authors of the document propose two fundamental principles: a) the permit for emissions into the atmosphere and, consequently, the AUA (Unified Environmental Authorization), are entitled, in the case of installations and activities with a potential odour impact, to regulate odour emissions; b) applications for air emissions permits and AUA applications for establishments with installations/activities having a potential odour impact must therefore contain a description and an assessment of the odour emissions. In Italy, the legislation relating to odour emissions has been lacking for many years and, only recently, a series of new concepts relating to odour emissions have been included in Legislative Decree 152/06. Keywords: authorization; emissions; environmental; guidelines; impact; odour; odour emissions; oue; sources
• cet-14798 by None (None) - Industrial sectors GHG emissions in Scope 1 only (ktCO2e/y) GHG emissions in Scope 1 and 2 (ktCO2e/y) Total annual emission (% of total) Scenario 1 (S1) 740 100.00 44,534.05 100.00 S1-1: GHG emissions > 15,000 tCO2e 101 13.65 43,337.18 97.31 S1-2: GHG emissions > 20,000 tCO2e 90 12.16 43,146.59 96.88 S1-3: GHG emissions > 25,000 tCO2e 79 10.68 42,901.22 96.33 Scenario 2 (S2) 704 100.00 10,800.05 100.00 S2-1: GHG emissions > 15,000 tCO2e 65 9.23 9,603.17 88.92 S2-2: GHG emissions > 20,000 tCO2e 55 7.81 9,429.98 87.31 S2-3: GHG emissions > 25,000 tCO2e 45 6.39 9,205.23 85.23 Scenario 3 (S3) 1,259 100.00 23,124.88 100.00 S3-1: GHG emissions > 15,000 tCO2e 200 15.89 18,613.10 80.49 S3-2: GHG emissions > 20,000 tCO2e 160 12.71 17,909.65 77.45 S3-3: GHG emissions > 25,000 tCO2e 129 10.25 17,210.76 74.43 4. Keywords: consumption; electricity; emissions; energy; factories; ghg; scenario; thailand; total
• cet-15018 by None (None) - Currently, GHG emission inventory calculations take into account not only a single activity or project but the entire Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) of the Product or Service. However, there are few studies on the quantification of GHG emissions and their inventories throughout the Life Cycle Assessment (LCA). Keywords: baker; emissions; energy; esps; ghg; hughes; inventory; lca; manufacturing; materials; use
• cet-15728 by None (None) - To address this, the EPEI index was developed, linking energy poverty indicators with greenhouse gas emissions and climate policy engagement, offering a three- dimensional view of energy poverty, ecological footprint, and climate policy responses. Exploring Complex Drivers and Cross-Dimensional Impacts Judit Pécsinger*,a, Dóra Siposa, Gergely Zoltán Machera, Éva Veronika Pestiné Ráczb aDepartment of Applied Sustainability, Széchenyi István University, Egyetem tér 1, 9026 Győr, Hungary bDepartment of Mathematics and Physics, Széchenyi István University, Egyetem tér 1, 9026 Győr, Hungary pecsinger.judit@sze.hu Energy poverty remains one of the key obstacles to sustainable development, directly affecting households and increasingly influencing business operations as well. Keywords: climate; emissions; energy; energy poverty; index; indicators; member; policy; poverty

• cet-13160 by None (None) - Adsorption isotherm studies are a necessity for proper comprehension and interpretation of adsorption mechanism pathways; this is essential for the general design and improvement of an adsorption system (Rangabhashiyam et al.,2014). Neither homogenous site energies nor restricted adsorption levels are presupposed by the Freundlich model (Syafiqah and Yussof, 2018); this means that the Freundlich model can describe experimental data for adsorption isotherms whether they occur on homogeneous or heterogeneous sites and it is unaffected by the formation of a monolayer (AL-Aoh et al., 2012). Keywords: adsorption; biosorption; isotherm; metal; p41c; pseudo
• cet-13474 by None (None) - Figure 1: Albumin adsorption isotherm at 25°C and pH 7.4 using silica particles. The adsorption performances of solid adsorbents toward bilirubin removal were firstly investigated in clinical articles which lacked of a quantitative analysis that could induce to rational design criteria of the adsorption units. Keywords: adsorption; albumin; bilirubin; particles; silica
• cet-13770 by None (None) - Figure 6: FTIR spectra of P. bifermentans P-1. Study shows that the identities of the precipitates vary for each microbial strain, as PbS and 𝑃𝑏0 were the main species precipitated by P. bifermentans and PbO with either PbCl or 𝑃𝑏3(𝑃𝑂4)2 precipitated by K. pneumoniae. Keywords: adsorption; bifermentans; consortium; order; pb(ii; pseudo
• cet-14439 by None (None) - [𝑤 − 𝑢(1, 𝜏)] (3) with boundary and initial conditions given by: 𝜕𝑢 𝜕𝑥 = 𝛽 ∙ (𝑤 − 𝑢) at 𝑥 = 1 𝜏 > 0 (4) 𝜕𝑢 𝜕𝑥 = 0 at 𝑥 = 0 𝜏 > 0 (5) 𝑢 = 0 at 𝜏 = 0 0 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 1 (6) 𝑖 = 𝑢𝑖 ′ = 0 𝑖 = 0 or 𝑥 = 0 (13) ( 𝜕𝑢 𝜕𝑥 )| 𝑖 = 𝑢𝑖 ′ = 𝛽 ∙ (𝑤 − 𝑢𝑖) 𝑖 = 𝑁 or 𝑥 = 1 (14) Keywords: adsorption
• cet-15099 by None (None) - SEM-EDX results obtained showed the morphology of hydroxyapatite-biochar adsorbents of Meretrix meretrix shells and cassava peel (Manihot esculenta) biochar, favoured to Cd (II) removal. This research contributes to the adsorption of cadmium using a composite of HAp from Meretrix meretrix shells-biochar from cassava peel waste as a green adsorbent. Keywords: adsorbent; adsorption; biochar; cassava; hydroxyapatite; meretrix; meretrix meretrix; meretrix shells; shells
• Preparation and Characterisation of Biosorbent from Local Robusta Spent Coffee Grounds for Heavy Metal Adsorption by Ayucitra, A.; Gunarto, C.; Kurniawan, V.; Hartono, S.B. (2017) - The analysis of bands and peaks with their corresponding surface functional groups for native, carbonised, and activated spent coffee grounds is presented in Table 1. Carbonisation and activation processes have altered the functional groups of spent coffee grounds. Keywords: adsorption; biosorbent; coffee; ground; lead
• Chitosan-Modified Smectite Clay and Study on Adsorption- Desorption of Urea by Puspita, A.; Prawati, G.; Fatimah, I. (2017) - Modified clay was prepared by intercalating chitosan into layer structure of smectite clay; saponite and montmorillonite. Result and Discussion The main effect of clay modification during the CRF preparation is the change of clay structure. Keywords: adsorption; chitosan; clay; figure; mmt; sap; urea
• Bioremediation of Toxic Metals and Recovery of Target Metals from Actual Wastewater using Algal Sorbents by Birungi, Z.; Chirwa, E. (2018) - These technologies seem to operate relatively well for effluents containing higher metal concentrations ≥ 100 mg/L. DOI: 10.3303/CET1864090 Please cite this article as: Birungi Z., Chirwa E., 2018, Bioremediation of toxic metals and recovery of target metals from actual wastewater using algal sorbents, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 64, 535-540 DOI: 10.3303/CET1864090 535 Conventional treatment technologies such as sand filtration, GAC adsorption, precipitation-sedimentation, flotation, ion-exchange, and electrochemical deposition systems have been used for decades for the removal of toxic heavy metals wastewater. Keywords: adsorption; biosorption; industrial; metals; wastewater
• cet-510 by None (None) - The performance in sterol adsorption of MIPs synthesized under various conditions was investigated using a model solution of sterol mixture in n-heptane with initial concentration of 1.40×10-4 kg/kg-solution comparing with non-imprinted polymer (NIP). Batch adsorption was performed to evaluate the performance of the obtained MIPs in sterol adsorption using a model solution of sterol mixture in n-heptane comparing with non-imprinted polymer (NIP). Keywords: adsorption; cross; linker; mip; molecule; percentage; polymer; sterol; template
• cet-9562 by None (None) - Several parameters such as pH of Pb (II) solution (2 – 6), initial Pb (II) concentration (25 – 200 mg/L) and agitation time (1 – 1,440 min) were conducted in order to study the performance of DCW adsorption towards the Pb (II) removal. This account for 23 % reduction of DCW adsorption capacity. Keywords: adsorbent; adsorption; dcw; solution

• cet-13072 by None (None) - Table 1: Comparison of bio-crude yield (% w/v) and HHV (High Heating Value (MJ/kg)) of those bio-crudes in different reaction conditions according to the literature. Table 4.Ultimate analysis obtained for the best result obtained in terms of bio-crude yield and HHV (HTL 60 min). Keywords: algae; bio; crude; doi; htl; min; reaction; sargassum; yield
• cet-13792 by None (None) - Figure 3: Temperature effect on HMF oxidation reaction using LMNO catalyst: (a) HMF conversion (b) yield and selectivity. A publication of The Italian Association of Chemical Engineering Online at www.cetjournal.it Guest Editors: David Bogle, Flavio Manenti, Piero Salatino Copyright © 2023, AIDIC Servizi S.r.l. ISBN 979-12-81206-04-5; ISSN 2283-9216 Kinetics of Catalytic Oxidation of Hydroxymethylfurfural to 2,5- Furandicarboxylic Acid over LaMn1-xNixO3-d Perovskite Oxide Piyachat Wattanachaia, Soipatta Soisuwana,b, Patiparn Boonruama,b, Joongjai Panpranotc, Pinit Kidkhunthodd, Settakorn Upasena,b aDepartment of Chemical Engineering, Engineering Faculty, Burapha University, Chonburi, Thailand bResearch Unit of Developing Technology and Innovation of Alternative Energy for Industries, Burapha University, Chonburi, Thailand cCenter of Excellence on Catalysis and Catalytic Reaction Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand dSynchrotron Light Research Institute (Public Organization), Nakhon Ratchasima, 30000, Thailand settakorn@eng.buu.ac.th This present research aims at studying the kinetic reaction of HMF oxidation which is influenced by temperature gradient and Mn/Ni cation ratio in a lanthanum-based perovskite oxide catalyst. Keywords: catalyst; fdca; ffca; figure; hmf; oxidation; rate; reaction; solution
• cet-14493 by None (None) - Table 3: Quantity of acid sites on the catalysts measured using NH3-TPD Catalyst Quantity of acid sites (mmol·g-1) HY 0.988 Hβ 0.729 WZr 0.164 S-ZrO2 0.557 γ-Al2O3 0.335 SiO2-Al2O3 0.439 417 The third step reaction, designed to hydrodeoxygenate the products of second step reaction, was performed using Ru/WZr (Figure 6). Figure 3: GC-MS results for the third step hydrodeoxygenation of second step product prepared using HY30. Keywords: alcohols; bio; crude; cyclic; reaction; step; wzr
• cet-15111 by None (None) - Copyright © 2025, AIDIC Servizi S.r.l. ISBN 979-12-81206-18-2; ISSN 2283-9216 New Pyrolysis Mechanisms for Dust Explosion Simulation Tima Al Haffara, Nathalie Bardin-Monniera, Maria Portarapillob, Almerinda Di Benedettob, Olivier Dufauda,* aUniversité de Lorraine, CNRS, LRGP, F-54000 Nancy, France bUniversity of Naples Federico II, 80125 Napoli, Italy olivier.dufaud@univ-lorraine.fr Numerical simulation of dust explosions can be used for intensive, multi-parameter sensitivity studies, reducing the number of experimental tests required. Several articles were already published on this subject (Islas et al., 2023; Portarapillo et al., 2021; Zhang et al., 2024) but most of the studies combining CFD and dust explosion only consider the powder dispersion stage, without simulating the reaction stages of pyrolysis, oxidation/combustion, and flame propagation within the 20L sphere (Pico et al., 2020). Keywords: 20l; cfd; dispersion; dust; et al; explosion; gases; mechanisms; powders; pyrolysis; reaction; simulation
• cet-15393 by None (None) - Figure 3: Effect of temperature on the yields of ethanol conversion reaction products over catalyst Ce-Zn=2-8 As can be seen, the conversion of ethanol on this catalyst begins at a temperature of 300 °C. Accepted: 6 May 2025 Please cite this article as: Taghi T., Baghiyev V., 2025, Ethanol Conversion Into Acetone over Binary Cerium–zinc Oxide Catalysts, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 117, 853-858 DOI:10.3303/CET25117143 CHEMICAL ENGINEERING TRANSACTIONS VOL. 117, 2025 A publication of The Italian Association of Chemical Engineering Online at www.cetjournal.it Guest Editors: Fabrizio Bezzo, Flavio Manenti, Gabriele Pannocchia, Almerinda di Benedetto Copyright © 2025, AIDIC Servizi S.r.l. ISBN 979-12-81206-17-5; ISSN 2283-9216 Ethanol Conversion into Acetone Over Binary Cerium–Zinc Oxide Catalysts Tahmina Taghi*, Vagif Baghiyev Azerbaijan State Oil and Industry University, Azadliq Av. 34, AZ1010 tahmina.taghi@gmail.com This paper is devoted to the study of ethanol conversion to acetone in the presence of water vapor using binary cerium-zinc oxide (Ce-Zn-O) catalysts. Keywords: acetone; catalysts; conversion; ethanol; oxide; reaction; zinc
• cet-15685 by None (None) - In this work, the combination of Pd nanoparticles with Cel on the same functionalized magnetic substrate leads to the creation of a new bifunctional nanobiocatalyst, the properties of which were studied during the chemoenzymatic cascade conversion of carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) to D-sorbitol in a single reactor. Cellulases are a cocktail of three enzymes: endoglucanases, exoglucanases, and β-glucosidases, which are used to break various chemical bonds in cellulose (Sulman et al., 2022). Keywords: cel; cmc; conversion; csp; glucose; mna; nanoparticles; reaction; sorbitol
• Theoretical Study on Gaseous Hydrogenation Reaction of Crotonaldehyde by Yonglun, Tang (2018) - Secondly, the activation energy difference between C=C and C=O double bond hydrogenation of crotonaldehyde is 0.05 kJ/mol, but the difference between C=C hydrogenation of propylene and C=O hydrogenation of formaldehyde is 53.84 kJ/mol. Finally, through comparing the mechanisms of hydrogenation reactions of the isolated C=C (in propene) and C=O (in formaldehyde), the conjugate effect is revealed in which the difference in kinetics between C=C and C=O hydrogenation of crotonaldehyde is greatly decreased. Keywords: b3lyp; bond; crotonaldehyde; hydrogenation; mol; reaction; results
• New Composite Materials Prepared by Solution Combustion Synthesis for Catalytic Reforming of Methane by Tungatarova, S.A.; Xanthopoulou, G.; Karanasios, K.; Baizhumanova, T.S.; Zhumabek, M.; Kaumenova, G. (2017) - The interest to SHS catalysts is growing every year and now many countries intensively working with SHS and combustion synthesis catalysts: Russian Federation, USA, Kazakhstan, Japan, Armenia, Greece, Brazil, China, Spain, Korea, India, etc. Very high interest to SHS catalyst can be explained by high activity of catalysts prepared by this methods and advantages of SHS method in comparison with traditional methods of preparation of catalysts. Keywords: al2o3; catalysts; conversion; methane; nio; reaction; shs

• cet-14427 by None (None) - Nomenclature 𝑎𝐾𝐿𝐷𝐹 – Linear Driving Force mass transfer coefficient, 1/s 𝐶 – concentration of polyphenols in solvent, g/L 𝐶∗ – theoretical concentration of polyphenols in solvent in equilibrium with solid, g/L 𝐶𝑒 – equilibrium concentration of polyphenols in solvent, g/L 𝐶0 – concentration of polyphenols in solvent at 𝑡 = 0, g/L 𝑘 – linear partition coefficient, L/g 𝑀𝑆 – mass of solid matrix, g 𝑛𝑖 – number of samples collected during each kinetic run, - 𝑞 – concentration of polyphenols in solid mass of hazelnut skins, g/g 𝑞𝑒 – equilibrium concentration polyphenols in solid mass of hazelnut skins, g/g 𝑞𝑡𝑜𝑡 – total amount of extractable polyphenols in solid mass of hazelnut skins, g/g 𝑡 – time, min 𝑉𝑖 – volume of each sample collected during kinetic runs, µL 𝑉𝐿 – volume of liquid solvent, L 𝛼 – solid-liquid ratio , g/L References Adebooye, O. C., Alashi, A. M., & Aluko, R. E. (2018). Experimental equilibrium data were fitted with the model, yielding 𝑞𝑡𝑜𝑡 = 0.255 g/g and 𝑘 = 0.0092 L/g as the total amount of extractable polyphenols in solid mass of hazelnut skins and the linear partition coefficient, respectively. Keywords: equilibrium; extraction; liquid; polyphenols
• cet-15379 by None (None) - As an alternative to all aforementioned chemical methods, physical methods have been proposed in NPs synthesis (Reverberi et al., 2022), and they differ from one another in the complexity and cost of the experimental setup. As a first rough classification, these methods can be divided in wet and liquid-assisted mechanosynthesis processes, according to whether a solvent is present during the comminution process (Reverberi et al., 2020). Keywords: et al; explosion; liquid; metal; nanoparticles; nps; short; technique; wire
• cet-15412 by None (None) - On the contrary, the values of the multifractal exponent in region B, which is above the impeller symmetrically to region A (see Figure 1), are systematically lower compared to region A and about 8% lower than in region C. 3.2 Relation between Sauter mean diameter d32 and maximum drop size dmax The ratio of the Sauter mean diameter d32 and the maximum drop size dmax was calculated according to Eq(2) for the maximum drop sizes estimated from the cumulative frequency drop size distribution. The correct determination of maximum drop size was found to be a crucial factor for the correct estimation of the multifractal exponent FT for systems agitated by high-shear sawtooth impeller also. Keywords: drop; drop size; exponent; impeller; liquid; size
• Modelling of a Hydrotreating Reactor to Produce Renewable Diesel from Non-Edible Vegetable Oils by Muharam, Y.; Nugraha, O.A.; Leonardi, D. (2017) - Trickle- bed reactor is a type of fixed bed reactor, while slurry reactor is a type of bubble column or stirred reactor. Conclusions The model of a large-scale trickle bed reactor for renewable diesel production via hydrotreating of triglyceride has been developed. Keywords: inlet; liquid; phase; product; reactor;  
• cet-209 by None (None) - Step 1: Removal of B in the form of E-lean phase. The excess of E-lean phase is withdrawn as distillate, while that of the E-rich phase is refluxed to the column, either entirely (Strategy A) or partially (Strategy B). Keywords: batch; kmol; liquid; mode; phase
• Controlling Chemical Dosing into Sewers for Odour and Corrosion Abatement by Frechen, F.-B.; Romaker, J.; Giebel, S. (2014) - Here, it is necessary to measure in analogy to the OEC measurement method, thus an electronic nose has to be used to determine the “odorants concentration in the liquid in ouE/m3 liquid” 2.2 Measurement device hardware – the sulphide and odour measurement unit SOU As mentioned, liquid has to be withdrawn from the sewer and has to be analyzed by an automated device that is able to perform sulphide and OEC measurement in order to deliver relevant quality parameters for the intended closed loop control strategy. One is dedicated for sulphide measurement in analogy with DIN 38409-29 (2003), thus lowering pH-value of the sample from the sewer, and H2Sg in the off-gas of this stripping reactor is the responsible signal and is converted into “sulphide in liquid concentration in mg/L”. Keywords: control; dosing; liquid; measurement; odour; sewer; sulphide
• cet-5617 by None (None) - SAFT EOS considers molecules as chains composed of freely jointed spherical segments and the basic idea underlying the model is the definition of an interaction potential to represent attraction and repulsion forces between segments. The second approach was based on estimation of the PC-SAFT parameters for triglycerides by regression of experimental phase equilibrium data according to the ‘Maximum Likelihood’ criterium: ( )   = − = − =                   − +        − +        − +        − = exp cc iii N 1i 1N 1j 2 i, j,i,calj,iexp, 1N 1j 2 i, j,i,calj,iexp, 2 i,P i,caliexp, 2 i,T i,caliexp, m,, S xx S xx S PP S TT min β ββ α αα σε Ω (6) Keywords: chain; eos; equilibrium; liquid; parameters; phase; saft
• cet-5621 by None (None) - The most of dye degradation experiments were carried out using solid agar media and in shaken or static flask cultures. Sima J., Pocedic J., Roubickova T., Hasal P., 2012, Rotating drum biological contactor and its application for textile dyes decolorization, Procedia Engineering 42, 1579-1586. Keywords: batch; decolorization; degradation; drum; dye; experiments; liquid; rate
• Experimental Investigation and Design of Rotating Packed Beds for Distillation by Qammar, Hina; Hecht, Felix; Skiborowski, Mirko; Gorak, Andrzej (2018) - A maximum of 3.7 transfer units was achieved for a rotor with outer packing diameter of 0.36 m and an axial height of 0.01 m. Special emphasize in this experimental study is placed on the analysis of the contributions to mass transfer from the packing and the casing, which can contribute significantly to the overall mass transfer in RPBs. Most of these studies attribute all of the measured mass transfer in an RPB to the packing (Kelleher and Fair, 1996), while not differentiating between mass transfer in the casing and the packing. Keywords: casing; liquid; mass; packing; rotor; rpb; separation; speed; transfer
• cet-9236 by None (None) - The boundary conditions for the velocity field are given by 0v 0xz,L = = , 0v Wxz,L = = , 0v 0yz,L = = , 0v LHyz,L = = , (11) and those for the concentration field by 0 x c 0x L = ∂ ∂ = , 0 x c Wx L = ∂ ∂ = , 0 y c 0y L = ∂ ∂ = and LHy L D N y c L −= ∂ ∂ = , with Wx0 ≤≤ and LHy0 ≤≤ . In reason of the similarity between the transport mechanisms in both fluid channels, only the equations for the liquid channel are presented in this section as follows: The Navier-Stokes equation writes 674 dz dp1 y v x v L L 2 z,L 2 2 z,L 2 ⋅−= ∂ ∂ + ∂ ∂ μ . Keywords: l l; liquid; mass; transfer
• cet-9242 by None (None) - Olujic et al. (2009) illustrated experimentally the DOI: 10.3303/CET1869119 Please cite this article as: Cai T., 2018, Pour point density estimations for packed columns with structured packing, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 69, 709-714 DOI: 10.3303/CET1869119 709 effect of pour point density on liquid distribution performance with three different sizes of structured packings. Table 1: Structured packing pour point densities with different specific surface areas Packing size* Specific surface area, m2/m3 Pour point density, points/m2 250Y 250 60 350Y 350 102 500Y 500 160 *The crimp angle for these packings is assumed to be 90 degrees As expected, more pour points are required for a higher specific surface area packing. Keywords: density; distributor; liquid; packing; point; pour; pour point

• Analysis on Chemical Composition of Anti-Rhinitis Drugs and Study on Immunopharmacology by Yin, Xiaoyan; Li, Hongyong (2017) - Canonica G., Baiardini I., Canonica G., 2010, Early phase resolution of mucosal eosinophilic inflammation in allergic rhinitis, Respiratory Research, 11(1), 54, DOI: 10.1186/1465-9921-11-54 Ciprandi G., 2008, Allergic rhinitis and its impact on asthma, Italian Journal of Allergy & Clinical Immunology, 18(1), 1-8, DOI: 10.1201/b14160-27 Gelfand E. W., 2004, Inflammatory mediators in allergic rhinitis, Journal of Allergy & Clinical Immunology, 114(5), S135, DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2004.08.043 Hansen I., Klimek L., Mösges R., Hörmann K., 2004, Mediators of inflammation in the early and the late phase of allergic rhinitis, Current Opinion in Allergy & Clinical Immunology, 4(3), 159, DOI: 10.1097/00130832- 200406000-00004 Liu W., Li D., Chen Y., Sun C., Wang J., Zhou L., 2014, Anti-inflammatory effect of il-37b in children with allergic rhinitis, Mediators of Inflammation, 2014(7), 746846, DOI: 10.1155/2014/746846 Mandhane S. N., Shah J. H., Thennati R., 2011, Allergic rhinitis: an update on disease, present treatments and future prospects, International Immunopharmacology, 11(11), 1646-1662, DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2011.07.005 Marple B. F., 2008, Targeting congestion in allergic rhinitis: the importance of intranasal corticosteroids, Allergy & Asthma Proceedings, 29(3), 232, DOI: 10.2500/aap.2008.29.3110 Miyahara S., Miyahara N., Matsubara S., Takeda K., Koya T., Gelfand E. W., 2006, Il-13 is essential to the late-phase response in allergic rhinitis, Journal of Allergy & Clinical Immunology, 118(5), 1110-1116, DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2006.06.014 Nabe T., Mizutani N., Shimizu K., Takenaka H., Kohno S., 2014, Development of pollen-induced allergic rhinitis with early and late phase nasal blockage in guinea pigs, Inflammation Research, 47(9), 369-374, DOI: 10.1007/s000110050346 Naclerio R. M., 2010, Pathophysiology of perennial allergic rhinitis, Allergy, 52(s36), 7-13, DOI: 10.1111/j.1398-9995.1997.tb04816.x Ofworkshops M., 2004, Aria in the pharmacy: management of allergic rhinitis symptoms in the pharmacy, allergic rhinitis and its impact on asthma, Allergy, 59(4), 373. References Aziza A., Dermawan A., Dewi V. Y. K., 2017, Effectiveness of allergic rhinitis management related to who guideline on allergic rhinitis and its impact on asthma (aria), 3(4), 538-544, DOI: 10.15850/amj.v3n4.651 1265 Brozmanová M., Calkovský V., Plevková J., Bartos V., Plank L., Tatár M., 2006, Early and late allergic phase related cough response in sensitized guinea pigs with experimental allergic rhinitis, Physiological Research, 55(5), 577. Keywords: biminkang; control; effect; figure; group; rats; rhinitis
• cet-1155 by None (None) - In this way, the block will produce uneven stress, making the tensile stress within the block increased, and then easily lead to wall cracks. From the corner of the wall from the buried length or the intersection of counting, each side of must not be less than 600mm. 4.2.3 Improve the quality of gray seam The quality of masonry wall is directly affected by the quality of gray joint, which is controlled by the fullness and thickness of mortar. Keywords: block; concrete; control; cracks; foundation; mortar; structure; wall
• cet-13505 by None (None) - Then, all the results were expressed as the logarithm of CFU (colony-forming units) per g of fresh meat sample. 85 mailto:andrea.bassani@unicatt.it Based on these promises, the purpose of this study was to test the application on fresh pork meat of two different coatings formulations (methylcellulose or chitosan based) Keywords: control; ct+ol; days; film; food; meat; phb; pla; pork; samples; values
• cet-13522 by None (None) - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2016.11.127 Reis, C. M. dos, Azevedo, L. M. S., & Casteluber, M. C. da F. (2021). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lwt.2011.12.033 Bhattacharya, D., Bhattacharya, S., Patra, M. M., Chakravorty, S., Sarkar, S., Chakraborty, W., Koley, H., & Gachhui, R. (2016). Keywords: cinerea; control; f2h; hibiscus; inhibition; kombucha; pda; strawberries; tea
• cet-13524 by None (None) - As is well known, a whole spectrum of hydrolytic enzymes, including α-amylase, glucosidase, and dextranase are generated from the aleurone layer of pulse seeds, and β-amylase existing in the endosperm, is activated during pulse seeds germination (Olaerts et al., 2016). In the end, the water was drained, and seed samples were ready to be germinated under a wet cloth in a dark condition for 24 (G) and 48 (H) hours. Keywords: control; food; germination; lentils; properties; samples; starch
• cet-14332 by None (None) - Essential oils have gained worldwide interest due to their antimicrobial activity. In order to ensure the chemical and microbiological safety of foods, essential oils (EOs) derived from medicinal and aromatic plants have emerged as an ideal substitute for artificial preservatives due to their strong antimicrobial activity and lower health concerns. Keywords: coli; control; eos; food; liver; meat; mic; oils; product; pâté
• cet-14968 by None (None) - Each of these components plays a crucial role in our study, collectively contributing to a comprehensive understanding of the technological advancements in CEA systems. Being a dependable and sustainable method for producing fresh, local food, CEA reinforces the resilience and self-sufficiency of urban food systems (Ajagekar et al., 2024). Keywords: agriculture; cea; cities; consumption; control; energy; food; systems
• cet-2773 by None (None) - The laser beam cutting technology is divided into four types: laser vaporization cutting, laser melting cutting, laser oxygen cutting, and laser scribing and fracture control. Owing to much heat out of oxidation reaction in the cutting process, the energy required for laser oxygen cutting is only 1/2 of that in the laser melting cutting, but the cutting speed is beyond over the laser vaporization cutting and melting cutting. Keywords: control; cutting; laser; law; material; mode
• cet-3086 by None (None) - The graph shows the proliferation of fibroblast cells in contact with the PLLA and PLDL after 24, 48 and 72h of exposition. MTT assay for fibroblast cells cultured with PLLA and PLDL, negative control for toxicity CT(-) and positive control for toxicity CT(+) for 24 h, 48 h and 72 h. Keywords: assay; cells; contact; control; nanofibers; pldl; plla; toxicity
• Innovative Strategies and Machines for Physical Weed Control in Organic and Integrated Vegetable Crops by Fontanelli, M.; Frasconi, C.; Martelloni, L.; Pirchio, M.; Raffaelli, M.; Peruzzi, A. (2015) - Physical weed control is the most common alternative adopted by organic farmers and includes mechanical means used for soil tillage (Cloutier et al., 2007) and the use of thermal radiation for weed control (Ascard et al., 2007). The application of the innovative strategies resulted also in relevant reductions of the hand labour time needed for weed control (that often represents the main cost for organic vegetable producers) in comparison with the use of the traditional managements. Keywords: carrot; control; crop; garlic; peruzzi; weed

• cet-12527 by None (None) - Sunflower protein surpasses many crops on the content of essential amino acids and it is the second only to soybean seed protein content of lysine, but it differs more high digestibility and absence of enzyme inhibitors of trypsin (Shchekoldina, T., & Aider, M., 2014). However it is shown that the use of sunflower protein can compensate for the lack of protein in food (Bautista, J. et al., 2000), and biological conversion of SFM processing products allows producing feed additives enriched with microbial protein (Bautista, J. et al., 1990). Keywords: alkaline; enzyme; extraction; food; isolate; meal; protein; protex; sunflower
• cet-12532 by None (None) - Purchase intent (%) (After) BS-CF 0% 7.63±1.35a 7.47±1.36a 80.00 78.50 BS-CF 5% 7.31±1.41a* 7.69±1.11a* 68.50* 75.75* BS-CF 10% 6.47±1.72b 6.23±1.34b 52.50 54.25 BS-CF 15% 6.28±1.71b Slovak J. Food Sci., 12, 431– 437. Keywords: barbecue; color; cricket; ecf; flour; food; protein; sauce
• cet-12884 by None (None) - The evaluation scheme used to design the functional barrier for PET food packaging included the following steps: • determination of NIAS in PC r-PET; • prediction of NIAS diffusivity by modeling; • design of the thickness of the functional barrier; • challenge test with surrogate molecules; • migration test with food simulants. 3.1 Analysis of NIAS in post-consumer recycled PS The first step was to characterize the NIAS present in PC r-PS. Keywords: barrier; food; packaging; pet; xps
• cet-13480 by None (None) - It was possible to build regression trees with the identification of classifiers by nodes, branches and leaves to predict wheat flour quality more accuracy than linear regression. In this context, the objective of this study was to use machine learning methods to estimate the reliability of NIR spectra compared to traditional methods for wheat flour quality control. Keywords: aacc; flour; food; gluten; nir; quality; results; wheat; wheat flour
• cet-13506 by None (None) - Single layer films were also produced for comparison. Coextruded films based on the blends were realized by a Gimac film blowing unit equipped by two single screw extruders (D = 12 mm, L/D = 24), a blow film spiral mandrel die (Collin, Type RWT 25, Din=30 mm, Dext=30.5 mm) and a take-up/cooling system (Collin Film Blowing Line Type BL 50). Keywords: barrier; bilayer; ecovio; films; food; layer; outer; oxygen; packaging; phb; pla
• cet-13513 by None (None) - Further studies will be useful to better investigate the impact of different peeling treatments on the taste and the long-time stability of products also through a sensory analysis and an accelerated shelf-life study. Pellicle removal may be essential for further processing, for technological and sensory issues (Liu et al., 2021). Keywords: food; kernels; min; peeling; products; samples; stability; walnuts
• cet-13521 by None (None) - The viscosity of pear purees was measured across shear rates ranging from 10 to 200 s-1 that is mentioned as the shear rate regime occurring during swallowing (Qazi et al., 2019). Table 2: Viscosity values at 50 s-1, flow index (n) and tixotropy index of pear purees. Keywords: activity; cmc; dysphagia; food; level; pear; properties; protein; purees; shear; swallowing; viscosity
• cet-13530 by None (None) - Soy flour 17.000 Stabilizer (Montana S.A.) 0.050 Sugar 23.800 Salt 0.300 Total 100.000 Table 2: Nutrients of the fortified food Nutrients Quantity Nutrients Quantity Protein 18.26 % Leucine 4.49 g/100g Fat 8.97 % Lysine 3.90 g/100g Fiber 3.31 % Met+Cist 1.47 g100g Ash 3.02 % Threonine 2.54 g/100g Nitrogen Free Extract 66.44 % Tryptophan 0.72 g/100g Metabolizable Energy 419.50 kcal/100 g Valine 3.14 g/100g Phenyl + Tyrosine 4.98 g/100 g Calcium 500.00 mg/100g Histidine 1.44 g/100g Available Phosphorus 257.73 mg7100g Isoleucine 2.87 g/100g 238 3.2 Essential amino acids in fortified food The amino acid content of the processed food is presented and compared with a standard of these components on a dry basis recommended by FAO (1994), see Table 3. Where: HSf: Moisture content of the final suspension (%) Keywords: children; energy; fao; feed; food; formulation; peru; spanish; total
• Performance Optimization of Neural-Network Based Colour Measurement Tools for Food Applications by Barge, P.; Comba, L.; Gay, P.; Ricauda, D.; Tortia, C.; Aghilinateg, N.; Dalvand, M.J. (2017) - The performance was tested separately for different colours using a commercial palette used by photographers for camera calibration. The ColorChecker Color Rendition chart contains 24 patch of different colours (McCamy et al., 1976) and is widely used in photographic and video sectors for calibration purposes of imaging devices. Keywords: ann; colorchecker; colour; food; network; rgb; zone
• cet-13736 by None (None) - All the samples had electrical conductivity values comprised between 1 and 5 S/m indicating that it is possible to apply ohmic heating to these types of samples. The values were comprised between 1.29 and 4.02 S/m. As expected, in line with other reports, electrical conductivity values increased with temperature. Keywords: conductivity; dressing; eggplant; food; heating; mef; sauces; tomato; values
• cet-14733 by None (None) - 680 For sweetener extraction, crushed pre-treated stevia leaves (2 mm) were placed on analytical filter paper and dried (5g) were percolated with deionized water. Food Chemistry, 370, 130991. doi.org/10.1016/J.FOODCHEM.2021.130991 Castro-Puyana M, Marina ML, Plaza M., 2017, Water as green extraction solvent: Principles and reasons for its use. Keywords: et al; extraction; food; glycosides; leaves; rebaudiana; solvent; stevia
• cet-14783 by None (None) - AV gel films were the most transparent compared to films without AV gel. This is in agreement with the previous study that found the yellowness index of starch film incorporated with citric acid increased at 165 °C (Reddy and Yang, 2010). Keywords: aloe; film; food; gel; starch; tps; vera
• cet-15026 by None (None) - Capacity expansion decisions in family-owned food businesses are influenced by various internal and external factors, including market demand, financial resources, and organisational capabilities (Rachmawati et al., 2023). After that, they discussed the importance of internal factors that influence the decision in the case of capacity expansion decisions related to the management of animal by-products in family businesses. Keywords: animal; businesses; capacity; decision; doi; expansion; family; food; industry; meat; products; research
• cet-15063 by None (None) - The role of the food economy, which includes agriculture and the food industry based on it, is now undisputed due to its strategic global importance, the combination of population and food demand growth, and the impact of the territorial and ecological constraints imposed by the nature of the food (Bene et al. 2016) Taking sustainable growth rates into account is an important planning parameter. Keywords: assets; enterprises; financing; food; growth; increase; industry; profit; sector; 𝑁𝑒𝑡 𝑃𝑟𝑜𝑓𝑖𝑡; 𝑅𝑒𝑡𝑎𝑖𝑛𝑒𝑑 𝑃𝑟𝑜𝑓𝑖𝑡
• cet-15459 by None (None) - Chemical extraction is the most common method applied for Spirulina protein extraction, which involves breaking down the cell walls of the microalgae under alkaline conditions to release intracellular proteins (Ladjal- Ettoumi et al., 2024; Purdi et al., 2023; Mohammadi et al., 2022). To 7 the best of the authors’ knowledge, only a limited number of studies have investigated the technological properties of Spirulina proteins extracted using HPH. Keywords: extraction; foaming; food; hph; properties; protein; spe; spes; spirulina
• cet-15718 by None (None) - Table 1 summarizes some of the high-efficiency examples of EAE for pectin extraction, arranged by decreasing pectin yield. This mini review provides an overview of pectin extraction via EAE, presenting the extraction procedure and key parameters, including raw material types, operating conditions, and enzymes used. Keywords: eae; enzyme; et al; extraction; food; high; material; methods; pectin; pectin extraction; quality
• cet-15729 by None (None) - To this end, it integrates three methodological approaches: LMDI analysis to identify internal drivers of CO₂ emissions, OECD benchmarking to evaluate external performance in terms of energy and carbon intensity, and a CFGLS regression to explore the interrelationships among CO₂, NOₓ, and energy use. 2.2 Measurements, values, and units As a first component of the analysis proposed, the Logarithmic Mean Divisia Index (LMDI) method was employed to decompose year-on-year changes in CO₂ emissions into three factors: production volume, energy intensity, and emission factor. Keywords: co₂; emission; energy; expansion; family; firms; food; intensity; mwh; sustainability
• Organophosphorus Pesticides Residues in Cooked Capsicum annuum by Figueiredo, V.; Miranda, J.A.; Colares, L.; Carvalho, J.L.V.; Castro, I.; Carvalho, L.M.J. (2015) - It is interesting to know the processing effects on pesticide residue, thus, this work aimed to evaluate the residual concentrations of organophosphorus in Capsicum annuum The study showed the importance of the assessment of pesticide residues in plant foods thermally processed. Keywords: annuum; capsicum; food; min; pesticide; residues; samples
• cet-6690 by None (None) - Figure 1: Macroscopical appearance of the membranes (left top); scanning electron micrographs of nanofibrous membranes under magnification 2 KX (right top) and 20 KX (bottom). This simple technique enables the production of nanofibrous polymeric membranes, using electric fields to spin polymer fibers with diameters ranging from hundreds to tens of nanometers (Frenot and Chronakis, 2003). Keywords: encapsulation; food; limonene; membranes; pullulan; release; volatile
• cet-6691 by None (None) - Bixin is a lipid- soluble substance, however, in encapsulated form on Arabic gum and maltodextrin, it had a water solubility of 72 %. As examples of techniques employed in the microencapsulation of food ingredients on may mention extrusion, fluidized bed, coacervation, lyophilization, spray drying, spray cooling, molecular inclusion, inclusion in liposomes (Azeredo, 2005); Spray drying technique is the most commonly used technique in the food industry on account of its cost- effectiveness, easy availability of equipment and low production costs, especially when compared to most other techniques (Barros and Stringheta, 2006). Keywords: bixin; degradation; drying; food; gum; light; microencapsulation; spray; stability
• cet-7323 by None (None) - In previous works it has been shown that heated onion extracts were more effective in prevention of pear and banana browning than fresh onion extracts (Kim et al., 2005; Lee, 2007). Its fruits are largely consumed as fresh product and, more recently, as minimally processed vegetable (MPV), a rising commercial area in the fresh-cut industry. Keywords: browning; eggplant; food; juice; onion; paste; ppo; products
• Characterization of the Permeate Fraction from Nanofiltration Step in Purification Process of Stevia Sweeteners by Uhplc-ms / Ms-qtof by Formigoni, Maysa; Zorzenon, Maria; Silva, Sandra; Milani, Paula; Costa, Cecilia; Costa, Silvio (2019) - Considering the importance of the nanofiltration step in the processing of stevia leaves in order to obtain stevia extracts of good quality and although the substances removed in this one (permeate and nanofiltration diafiltrates) have not yet been described in the literature, this work had as objective isolate this so-called fraction of permeated fraction (PF), determine its composition by means of UHPLC-MS / MS-QTOF and evaluate its potential as a source of bioactives to be used in food. Current studies are using stevia extracts as feed additives and confirming their potential for preventing lipid oxidation, reducing the growth of mesophilic microorganisms, or even bringing sweetness and functionality to foods (Ortiz-Virdma et al., 2018; Salazar et al., 2018). Keywords: compounds; food; nanofiltration; purification; stevia; steviol

• cet-12534 by None (None) - Reductive dechlorination rate and the consequent coulombic efficiency was influenced by the presence of side reductive reactions like nitrate and sulphate reduction. Dehalorespiring microorganisms can reduce PCE and TCE via reductive dechlorination (RD) while aerobic dechlorinating microorganisms oxidized low chlorinated compound such as cis-dichloroethylene (cDCE) and vinyl chloride (VC) into non harmful products. Keywords: -350; -450; dechlorination; groundwater; rate; reactor
• cet-12787 by None (None) - Corrosion rates were estimated from polarization resistance measurements via electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The Al6061 samples experienced a large increase in corrosion rate after four weeks of immersion testing. Keywords: al6061; corrosion; e10; eis; ethanol; gasoline; immersion; layer; rate; samples; ss304
• Role of Corrosion Products by the Sulfidation of AISI/SAE-1020 Steel in Heavy Crude Oil at High Temperatures by Sanabria Cala, J.; Miranda, C.M.; Laverde Catano, D.; Pena, D.Y.; Sarmiento Klapper, H. (2017) - The effect of temperature and exposure time on the formation of corrosion products on AISI/SAE-1020 steel was determined at typical service conditions of a transfer line that enters into an atmospheric distillation tower for processing heavy crude oil. Corrosion products formed at the steel surface were characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) combined with x- ray energy dispersive spectrometry (EDS) and x-ray diffraction (XRD). Keywords: aisi; corrosion; exposure; hours; products; rate; sae-1020; steel
• Growth of Microalgae in Spectrum-Neutral, Volume- Distributed Light Restriction as the Baseline of Wastewater Exploitation by Sed, G.; Cicci, A.; Bravi, M. (2018) - Similarly it is possible to individuate from the obtained experimental data, the correspondent value, for every dilution, of growth rate and call it experimental growth rate: µEXP. A common way to measure microbial growth is by specific growth rate, μ, in d-1, describing the biomass growth related to the existing biomass. Keywords: absorbance; culture; dilution; effects; growth; growth rate; light; media; microalgae; rate
• Deployment and Performance of a UAV for Crop Spraying by Giles, D.; Billing, R. (2015) - Spray application rate as determined by swatch width and number of passes per swath Number of rows treated in swath (width in m) Secondly, spray application rates on the order of 10 to 50 l/ha can be achieved through manipulation of the flight patterns and effective swath width. Keywords: aircraft; application; deposition; rate; spray; spraying; uav
• Study on Chaotic Neural Network and its Application in Blood Cell Classification of Medical Image by Zhao, L.M.; Yue, P. (2016) - 4. Results of experiments 4.1 Experimental setup The database used in this work is the HEp-2 set of blood cell image provided by ICPR 2012 for classifying the type of blood cell (Theera-Umpon and Gader, 2002). zhaoxxmu@163.com Automatic analysis and classification of blood cell image has become the main stream of blood cell automatic detection technology. Keywords: blood; blood cell; cell; classification; cnn; image; rate; recognition
• cet-5619 by None (None) - Chapter 5 Non transparent media are frequently obtained as the byproduct of processing in the agro-food and in ancillary domains, and they are frequently assayed for their suitability as growth media for various microbial biomasses, including microalgae. in order to cancel out unknown constants in the Monod form of specific growth rate (μmax e KI) Keywords: dilution; growth; light; medium; rate; ⋅ ⋅
• cet-7329 by None (None) - + 2] � ∙ �� �� � ∙ �� �� {� ∙ exp[−&(� − �')]} ∙ �� �� ∀ t 0≤tKeywords: batch; fed; glucose; growth; h-1; rate; − �; � �
• cet-7543 by None (None) - Previous studies have shown an influence of pH, mixing energy, and solution type on struvite growth rate (Koralewska et al., 2009; Nelson et al., 2003; Kofina & Koutsoukos, 2005; Ohlinger et al., 1999; Bouropoulos and Koutsoukos, 2000). Rapid crystallisation kinetics were observed in the solution, with growth rates over 20 μm/min at pH 8.5. Keywords: crystallisation; growth; phosphate; rate; solubility; struvite; supersaturation

• cet-10849 by None (None) - Arsenic oxidation was highly favoured in anaerobic conditions than in aerobic conditions. Arsenic oxidation was highly favoured in anaerobic conditions than in aerobic conditions. Keywords: arsenic; as(iii; orp; oxidation; reactor
• Preparation and Photocatalytic Activity of Coatings Based on Size-selective V-tio2 Nanoparticles by Sanchez Mendez, Miguel; Lemarchand, Alex; Traore, Mamadou; Ben Amar, Mounir; Perruchot, Christian; Nikravech, Mehrdad; Kanaev, Andrei (2021) - The kinetics of MB decomposition under UVA illumination in the empty reactor and that filled with uncoated clean and coated glass beads with TiO2 nanoparticles is presented in Figure 5. Moreover, unaccounted contamination of V-TiO2 photocatalyst by the amorphous material due to the uncomplete crystallisation can reduce the activity (Ohtani et al., 1997). 0 30 60 90 120 150 180 0,3 0,4 0,5 0,6 0,7 0,8 0,9 1 Empty reactor Uncoated glass beads TiO2-coated glass beads - - second use C / C 0 Time, min Figure 5: Kinetics of MB decomposition in the photocatalytic reactor: empty and filled with uncoated and coated glass beads with TiO2 nanoparticles (1st and 2nd runs). 0 30 60 90 120 150 180 0,8 0,9 1 2 mol% 5 mol% 7 mol% 10 mol% 20 mol% C / C 0 Time, min Figure 6: Kinetics of MB decomposition in photocatalytic reactor filled with V-TiO2-coated glass beads. Keywords: beads; glass; mol%; nanoparticles; reactor; tio2; vanadium
• cet-13196 by None (None) - LAB SCALE PILOT SCALE Porosity ε 0.334 0.334 Particles average diameter (Dp) 2 2 Section Diameter (mm) 100 300 Table 3: Parameter of the laboratory and pilot scale oxidative reactors. The average graphite granules diameter in the laboratory and pilot scale units, estimated by using a particle distribution size average was 2 mm while, a substantial difference, in the gravel average diameter was used in laboratory and pilot scale resulted 2 and 10 mm respectively. Keywords: laboratory; pilot; pilot scale; reactor; scale; test; units; volume
• cet-13791 by None (None) - Figure 3: Comparison of temperature vs. pressure profile between blank test and sludge test, configuration C. 3.2 Effect of reactor configuration on product distribution HTL tests at different reactor configurations were performed to assess their effect on the bio-oil and co-product yields. Then, municipal sludge was subjected to the HTL process to study the effect of different reactor configurations (different heating ramps) on the distribution of products and, in particular, on the bio-crude yield. Keywords: bio; configuration; crude; energy; heating; htl; reactor; sludge
• Growing Microalgae in a “Quasi-isoactinic” Photobioreactor by Lima, S.; Grisafi, F.; Scargiali, F.; Caputo, G.; Brucato, A. (2018) - The system is driven by an Arduino platform that makes it possible to control light intensity as well as light-dark cycles. In addition, it is to bear in mind that all the photosynthetic cells are affected by light inhibition effects if light intensity is larger than that they can actually use in photosynthesis (Richmond and Hu, 2013). Keywords: culture; dark; figure; growth; light; microalgae; order; reactor
• Elaboration and Enhanced Activity of the Mixed Oxide ZrxTi1-xO2 Nano-photocatalyst by Cheng, K.; Chhor, K.; Kanaev, A. (2017) - The different from pure TiO2 activity, the composite ZrxTi1-xO2 was strong or less active depending on temperature treatments. For higher x≥0.3 the orthorhombic ZrxTi1-xO2 phase appeared, which photocatalytic activity with the UVA illumination was negligible. Keywords: activity; nanoparticles; photocatalyst; reactor; tio2; xo2; zrxti1
• cet-5082 by None (None) - Even though compositions and concentrations of landfill leachate vary depending on the kind of waste received, landfill age, location and climate, operation technology, there are some common features of municipal landfill leachate. Moreover, the ultrafiltration membranes are coupled with the biological system with the optional use both as membrane biological reactor (MBR) and as tertiary treatment (TT) after the secondary clarifier. Keywords: ammonia; diffusers; landfill; leachate; load; nitrogen; reactor; scale

• Improved Nanocomposite Photoanodes by Controlled Deposition of G-c3n4 on Titania Nanotube Ordered Films by Passalacqua, Rosalba; Abate, Salvatore; Perathoner, Siglinda; Centi, Gabriele (2021) - The photoelectrocatalytic properties of TiO2 nanotube ordered films (TiNT) could be enhanced by decorating them with graphitic-C3N4. Table 1: Investigated samples and their characteristics of preparation Sample name Chemical components AO parameters g-C3N4 precursor TiNT TiO2/Ti 50 V; 1h --- TiNTM6 g-C3N4-TiO2/Ti 50 V; 1h Melamine 6·10-3 mol TiNTM12 g-C3N4-TiO2/Ti 50 V; 1h Melamine 12·10-3 mol TiNTM18 g-C3N4-TiO2/Ti 50 V; 1h Keywords: c3n4; figure; melamine; mol; samples; tint; tio2; urea
• cet-12543 by None (None) - Moreover, for the calibration set, SEC and the R2 were 0.2244 and 0.9176, respectively for fried pizza samples and 0.1503 and 0.9219 respectively for wood oven cooked pizza samples. The optimized calibration was applied in scanning the NIR spectra of a new set of pizza samples to validate the created method. Keywords: acrylamide; calibration; fried; nir; oven; pizza; pizza samples; samples; spectra; validation; wood
• cet-12547 by None (None) - Interesting products can be obtained by chitin deacetylation: chitin nanofibrils, that represent the crystalline whisker-like part of the material, and chitosan. A1020 RAC CHITI-A 7.256 13.643 0.53 CHITI-AB 8.768 19.184 0.45 CHITO-A 3.314 16.883 0.20 CHITO-AB 2.853 14.748 0.19 The RAC values obtained for chitin samples were more than two times the values calculated for corresponding chitosans, indicating the occurrence of extensive deacetylation passing from chitin to chitosan. Keywords: acetylation; atr; chitin; chitosan; degree; nanofibrils; rac; samples; sources; spectra
• cet-13174 by None (None) - Among the emerging techniques, Raman spectroscopy represents a promising methodology for monitoring biotechnological systems due to important features such as speed, high signal-to-noise ratio, good resolution, ability to provide a stable signal, and low water interference (Ávila et al., 2012; Claßen et al., 2017). In this study, Raman spectroscopy was employed to monitor ethanol and glucose concentrations during the fermentation of the glucose obtained from the acid hydrolysis of brewer’s spent grain (Lisci et al., 2022). Keywords: cm-1; ethanol; fermentation; glucose; pls; raman; samples; spectra; spectroscopy
• cet-13509 by None (None) - The band gap energies were estimated by Kubelka-Munk function and Tauc’s plot: (F(R)hv)2/n versus Energy (eV), considering indirect allowed transition (n = 4) for TiO2 samples (López and Gómez, 2012) and direct transition (n = 1) for C3N4 composites (Huo et al., 2018), as shown in Figure 2f. Textural parameters (surface area, average pore diameter, pore volume) and particle size positively affected Ni-doped TiO2 samples’ photoactivity. Keywords: c3n4; et al; ethylene; figure; light; samples; tio2
• cet-13527 by None (None) - In the study carried out by Myers et al. (2013), using synthetic nitrite and celery powder, it was reported that nitrite values, when coming from a natural source, are more stable and decrease at a slower kinetics compared to synthetic nitrite. Table 5: Physical-chemical analyzes for fresh sausage samples (mean ± standard deviation). Keywords: meat; nitrite; pcae; perfringens; samples; sausage; sodium; susceptibility; test
• cet-14401 by None (None) - p<0.02 European hornbeam 6.2 ± 0.26b 30.1 ± 1.01b 86.1 ± 0.81a 25.2 ± 0.63b Black locust 11.1 ± 0.90f 36.4 ± 0.67b 146.6 ± 2.48b 42.7 ± 3.00d European beech 13.3 ± 1.88f 13.6 ± 0.12a 63.7 ± 2.72a 9.9 ± 0.05a Sessile oak 4.6 ± 0.13a 44.5 ± 0.12c 138.4 ± 7.91b 46.2 ± 1.39d Wild cherry 4.7 ± 0.05a Sweet chestnut 10.5 ± 2.16bc 62.8 ± 2.57f 199 ± 5.00e 62.5 ± 1.59de Black locust 10.2 ± 0.70bc 40.6 ± 2.63bcd 112 ± 1.84a 43.2 ± 0.21ab Norway maple 7.32 ± 0.44ab 50.1 ± 1.82e 187 ± 2.96e 80.2 ± 1.47g Downy oak 8.06 ± 0.38ab 67.0 ± 2.12fg 143 ± 2.47cd 63.8 ± 3.31e Turkey oak 7.21 ± 0.47ab 69.2 ± 2.28g 190 ± 4.05e 65.9 ± 1.54ef Keywords: aae; antioxidant; bark; capacity; cones; g dw; results; samples
• cet-14727 by None (None) - 645 Table 3 Average molecular weight of SPET samples subjected to natural aging for 12 months Months Year/2021- 2022 years Samples Transparent Transparent 1 Blue Green Brown Kefir (whiteopaque) (22.03.2021) [Мn] (g/mol) 12.03 0.,6 8 21869 0.62 19565 0.639 2029 0 0.63 199 46 0.55 16936 0.45 1328 9 12.04 0.67 5 21675 0.612 19262 0.63 1994 6 0.62 195 65 0.535 16381 0.445 1312 0 12.05 0.67 21482 0.6 18807 0.625 1975 6 0.61 2 192 62 0.52 15802 0.428 1251 9 20.06 0.66 5 21289 0.58 18055 0.6 1880 7 0.6 188 07 0.5 15098 0.42 1223 8 27.07 0.65 20712 0.57 17680 0.56 1730 7 0.56 173 07 0.4 11539 0.35 9824 27.08 0.65 20712 0.558 17233 0.558 1723 3 0.55 8 172 33 0.395 11365 0.34 9487 27.09 0.65 20712 0.556 17158 0.558 1723 3 0.55 8 172 33 0.395 11365 0.33 9152 27.10 0.65 20712 0.556 17158 0.558 1723 3 0.54 7 168 24 0.395 11365 0.33 9152 27.11 0.65 20712 0.55 16936 0.558 1723 3 0.54 7 168 24 0.39 11192 0.325 8925 07.03 0,63 19946 0.53 16196 0.54 1656 5 0.53 161 96 0.38 10847 - - Table 4 Average molecular weight of SPET samples tested in the climatic chamber(44-cycles,8800 hours), (12months) Keywords: bottles; conditions; degradation; mol; properties; samples; spet
• cet-14745 by None (None) - The transition of fresh to old sludge occurs by air drying the sludge in storage houses at the site location. Mixture sludge (50/50) + mixture flocculant (50/50) + Calstarite 10 g fresh sludge + 10 g old sludge + 1 g ZETAG 8127 + 1 g FLOC PAM + 1 g Calstarite ID 9 Mixture sludge (50/50) + mixture flocculant (50/50) + Keywords: flocculant; odour; remediation; samples; sludge; soil; tma
• cet-14764 by None (None) - 3. Results and Discussion Based on specific tumour markers for cancer diagnosis, the study was carried out on 550 participants with an age range of 49 to 70 years, finally categorized into CLL (n = 100), GBM (n = 50), IDC (n = 150), HCC (n = 50), AC (n = 50), and HC (n = 150). With a scoring time of only 0.02 s, the SVM model was ideal for real-time applications of cancer diagnosis (Meshref et al., 2023). Keywords: accuracy; alexandria; blood; cancer; diagnosis; et al; learning; machine; mohamed; nose; samples; svm
• cet-15024 by None (None) - The paper suggests that environmental conditions and ageing play a significant role in the release and detectability of chrysotile asbestos from asbestos cement products. Chrysotile asbestos consists of a fibrous Mg3(Si2O5)(OH)4 arranged in a 1:1 ratio, with interconnected silica tetrahedra attached to a brucite-like trioctahedral sheet. Keywords: asbestos; asbestos cement; average; cement; chrysotile; detection; doi; environmental; samples; value
• cet-15708 by None (None) - The conversion from the strength and density of aerated concrete samples at the time control point to the strength and density of industrial samples using the coefficients is shown in Figure 5. Then the coefficient of transition from the strength and density of aerated concrete samples at the time control point to the strength and density of industrial samples was determined. Keywords: ash; blocks; concrete; density; laboratory; results; samples; strength
• Simulated Weathering Tests of Photocatalytic Paint Containing LaFeO3 by De La Fuente Garcia, E.; Carrara, V.; Fontana, F.; Natali Sora, I. (2017) - Figure 2: Images of A) unweathered P reference paint; B) 50 cycles weathered PW reference paint; C) unweathered LF photocatalytic paint; D) 50 cycles weathered LFW photocatalytic paint. Figure 3: SEM micrographs of A) unweathered P reference paint; B) 50 cycles weathered PW reference paint; C) unweathered LF photocatalytic paint; D) 50 cycles weathered LFW photocatalytic paint. Keywords: cleaning; degradation; dye; irradiation; light; paint; samples; self; weathering
• Mechanical and Thermal Performance of PLA and PHBV- based Biopolymers as Potential Alternatives to PET by Moliner, C.; Badia, J.D.; Bosio, B.; Arato, E.; Lagazzo, A.; Capurro, M.; Ribes-Greus, A. (2017) - Table 1: Mechanical properties of PHBV, PLA and their biocomposites and associated error values(%) Also, the addition of CA resulted in a slight increase of thermal stability. Keywords: addition; biocomposites; performance; pet; phbv; pla; properties; samples; sisal; thermal
• Variability of Total Carotenoids in C. moschata Genotypes by Carvalho, L.M.J.; Carvalho, J.L.V.; Faustino, R.M.; Maroto, I.; Lima, V.; Feijo, D. (2015) - The study of pumpkin C. moschata genotypes is part of the project Biofortification in Brazil: Gajewski et al. (2008) found in the cultivar C. moschata variety “Zemcuzina”, ex Poir, total carotenoids contents of 64.5 µg.g-1 in fresh samples. Keywords: carotene; carotenoids; contents; genotypes; moschata; pumpkin; samples
• Soil Heavy Metal Contamination and Microbial Ecological Risk Assessment - A Case Study by Zhang, C.; Yao, J.; Zhu, C.Y.; Zhu, M.J.; Sun, J.J. (2016) - In recent years, the pollution in Yinshan mine attracted increasing attention (Yin et al., 2008), but no study has examined soil heavy metal pollutions in different functional areas of the Yinshan Lead/Zinc Mine. After soil samples were digested with concentrated nitric acid, Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectroscopy (ICP-AES) was used to determine heavy metals concentrations (Cd, Cr, Zn, Mn, Pb and Ni). Keywords: activity; china; concentrations; contamination; metal; mining; pollution; samples; soil; yinshan
• cet-4767 by None (None) - Figure 3: XRD patterns of typical samples obtained in this work Figure 4: Nitrogen adsorption-desorption isotherms (77 K) of a typical sample insolubilized by Fe 2+ Figure 5 shows the cesium adsorption isotherms of samples, in which different cations were used to insolubilize the ferrocyanide included in them. Results and discussion Figure 2 shows photographs and cross sectional SEM images of typical samples obtained in this work. Keywords: cesium; ferrocyanide; figure; particles; pbas; resistance; samples
• cet-6680 by None (None) - In this study, biodegradable LDPE and tapioca starch blends were formulate via injection moulding processes with addition of compatibilizer and glycerol as processing aid. roshafima@cheme.utm.my In this research, the renewable source, tapioca starch (TS) is used as the subject to improve the degradability of injection moulded plastic packaging. Keywords: blends; cm-1; fungi; growth; ldpe; samples; starch; tapioca

• cet-14375 by None (None) - Recent literature provides a multi-faceted framework for sustainability assessment analysing either a specific sector (e.g., transport) based on selected SDGs in terms of targets and indicators using OECD and UN reports (Toledo-Vazqueza et al., 2022) or focusing on a less researched area of the triple bottom line, the social aspect (Abd Rashid et al., 2021), or exploring the evolution of sustainability reports and their assurance during a particular time horizon (Moneva et al., 2023). Regarding the quality and the format, a distinction is made between sustainability reports and integrated reports. Keywords: banks; development; group; growth; issues; material; report; reporting; sdgs; sustainability
• cet-14742 by None (None) - 2.5 Experimental design A five-coded levels central composite design (CCD) was used to determine the impact of the carbon (glucose) and nitrogen (peptone) on Pb biosorption. The impact of nitrogen and carbon on Pb biosorption by the cell wall Biostimulation provides bacteria with important nutrients and micronutrients for biomass growth to support biosorption. Keywords: bioremediation; biosorption; compost; growth; metal; mhsd_36; soil; strain
• cet-15054 by None (None) - Figure 2. illustrates the importance of battery testing, highlighting its role in ensuring reliability, safety, and long- term performance. 891 Figure 2: The importance of battery testing 2. Methodology Keywords: batteries; battery; development; growth; hungary; industry; innovation; market; sustainability; testing; vehicles
• cet-15430 by None (None) - 4. Conclusion The finding of this study is that Bacillus cereus can thrive in cyanide conditions of 5mmol/L and the fluctuations in ORP show a strong likelihood of successful degradation of cyanide by B. Cereus within the first 24 hours. Key objectives included evaluating the influence of environmental conditions such as pH, temperature, and cyanide concentration on bacterial growth and cyanide degradation. Keywords: bacteria; bioleaching; cereus; conditions; cyanide; degradation; gold; growth
• cet-15453 by None (None) - Conclusions The multi-temporal analysis of urban expansion allowed us to detect changes in the Huacachina Lagoon area by remote sensing, indicating that from 1988 to 2023, urban growth increased from 448.11 to 972.45 ha, at a rate of change of 14.98% per year, with the most intense growth between 2009 and 2016. 3. Results and discussion 3.1 Distribution and dynamics of urban areas using the BAEI spectral index The processing of the satellite images, the data and the superimposition of the spectral indices made it possible to analyze the evolution of the urban area and other land cover in the Huacachina Lagoon area. Keywords: area; cover; expansion; growth; huacachina; huacachina lagoon; ica; lagoon; year; 𝑵𝑰𝑹
• cet-15755 by None (None) - In efficacy of phytoremediation (n = 11), the first group tests vegetation and/or biochar in contaminated soils (Benidire et al., 2021; Štofejová, Fazekaš and Fazekašová, 2021; Wu et al., 2021; Singh, Singh and Dhal, 2022); the second analyses comparative strategies for heavy-metal removal in mining areas (Lebrun et al., 2021; Bhat et al., 2022; Bortnikova et al., 2022; Matei et al., 2022; Singh, Singh and Dhal, 2022); and the third evaluates 164 species-level efficacy in mining-derived substrates (Opeña et al., 2022; Zhenggang et al., 2022; Watts et al., 2023). 1. Introduction Mining is one of the primary activities driving Peru’s economic and industrial development 21 Cruzado-Tafur et al., 2021; Reboredo et al., 2021), yet its expansion can affect natural vegetation and trigger persistent environmental impacts linked to heavy metals (Madejón et al., 2022; Wu et al., 2021). Keywords: doi; et al; growth; metals; mining; phytoremediation; plants; research; science; soils; studies
• cet-8286 by None (None) - This is a phenomenon related that relates glucose concentrations with the particular catabolic pathway adopted by glucose-sensitive cells, in that even in the presence of oxygen fermentation predominates over respiration. By cultivation on glucose concentration of 50mg/L, the absorption was increased exponentially from 0.2 to 0.26 within 4 h. Keywords: absorption; behaviour; crabtree; effect; glucose; growth
• Calculation and Optimization for Energy Saving Effect of China’s Energy Conservation and Consumption Reduction Methods Based on E-G Cointegration and Granger Causality Analysis by Zhang, Yu (2018) - Especially since the outbreak of the oil crisis in the 20th century, the research on energy consumption has received special attention. Domestic and foreign scholars mainly focus on industrial restructuring, scientific and technological progress, energy prices, the relationship between energy substitution and energy consumption, and energy economic and environmental systems. Keywords: china; consumption; effect; energy; energy consumption; growth; intensity; progress

• Establishment and Optimization of Green Logistics Fuel Consumption Model Based on Ant Colony Algorithm by Pan, Yamei (2017) - In order to solve the problem of fuel consumption in logistics transportation, a better path planning is designed to reduce the fuel consumption of logistics from the point of vehicle path planning. First, the three factors are disassembled separately, and the results are checked individually, which is easier to discover the performance improvements brought about by various improvements (i.e., the decrease of fuel consumption). Keywords: algorithm; ant; colony; consumption; fuel; fuel consumption; logistics; path; vehicle
• cet-14382 by None (None) - While AVs themselves can be designed to operate more efficiently and reduce fuel consumption compared to traditional human-driven vehicles, the broader effects on travel behavior and demand could have a significant influence on overall fuel consumption. For this reason, this study examines the relationship between travel demand and fuel consumption, considering factors such as travel time, number of trips, and travel patterns. Keywords: avs; consumption; demand; fuel; fuel consumption; study; transportation; travel; vehicles
• cet-14411 by None (None) - The lowest water content is 4.05% at a composition of 10:90 for rambutan peel charcoal: coconut shell charcoal. The results indicate that the more mass ratio of coconut shell charcoal composition can increase the calorific value. Keywords: briquettes; calorific; charcoal; coconut; composition; content; fuel; peel; rambutan; shell; value
• cet-14790 by None (None) - It was found that using transition metal catalysts without reduction in a non-hydrogen environment could generate hydrocarbons with carbon chain lengths within the jet fuel range. The preparation of transition metal catalysts using a one-step process is simple and can be retrofitted into existing petroleum engineering facilities to increase the possibility of industrialisation compared to other preparation processes. Keywords: biojet; catalysts; deoxygenation; fuel; hydrocarbons; metal; range; tio2; tmpe; transition
• cet-14809 by None (None) - Silica and activated carbon also feature highly porous surfaces that are ideal as catalyst support. 2.1 Current ODS Catalysts There are several ODS catalysts currently under study. Keywords: catalyst; compounds; conversion; desulfurization; et al; fuel; metal; ods; pom; support
• Reducing Wildland Fire Hazard Exploiting Complex Network Theory: a Case Study Analysis by Russo, L.; Russo, P.; Siettos, C. (2016) - For illustration purposes we apply the proposed strategy to a real case of wildland fire. During the wildland fire that swept through Victoria, Australia in 2009, caused the death of 173 people (2009 Victorian Bushfires Royal Commission, 2010), while wildland fires in Greece in 2007 fires resulted in 84 dead (Rosenfeld, 2011). Keywords: breaks; fire; forest; fuel; network; russo; vegetation; wildland

• cet-15070 by None (None) - The legal research methodology includes focuses on statutory provisions and judicial decisions pertinent to biotechnology patents. By integrating these methodologies, the study provides an analysis of the legal framework governing biotechnology patents. Keywords: biotechnology; case; court; crispr; development; dna; hungarian; inventions; law; patent; patentability; protection
• cet-15081 by None (None) - Asif M., Davidson A., Muneer T., 2002, Life cycle of window materials – A comparative assessment, , accessed 22.10.2024. The growing availability of better-quality, modern building materials and structural solutions allows for stricter energy regulations. Keywords: buildings; calculation; case; doors; glazing; gwp; material; values; windows
• cet-15440 by None (None) - ISBN 979-12-81206-17-5; ISSN 2283-9216 Computational Fluid Dynamics Investigation on Transplantation Anastomoses Filippos F. Karageorgosa, Georgios Tsoulfasa, Aleck H. Alexopoulosb,* aDepartment of Transplantation Surgery, Center for Research and Innovation in Solid Organ Transplantation, Aristotle University School of Medicine, 54642 Thessaloniki, Greece bChemical Process & Energy Resources Institute, 6th km Harilaou-Thermi rd., P.O. Box 60361, 57001, Thessaloniki, Greece aleck@certh.gr A surgical technique, known as hepatic artery patch, is applied in the anastomosis of the hepatic artery to minimize complications such as hepatic artery thrombosis (HAT). To advance the quality of the study and see the characteristics that can potentially be used to explain and eventually prevent hepatic artery thrombosis, there are necessary steps to be made in the current model. Keywords: anastomosis; artery; blood; case; hepatic; shear; transplantation; velocity

• cet-12571 by None (None) - This study aims to summarise the Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) methods that consider the cascade utilisation and upcycling of a product which will also apply to the case of plastic recycling. In commenting on the future of plastic recycling, Garcia and Robertson (2017) highlight the importance of new low- energy catalysts and the development of decontamination techniques. Keywords: allocation; assessment; cycle; environmental; et al; lca; life; plastic; recycling
• cet-12809 by None (None) - Subsequently, the same data was randomly divided into 3 individual data sets (sample surveys 1 to 3), each including 104 single measurements. Only on the assessment squares B and H, the results of sample survey 2, are higher than the uncertainty range of the reference survey. Keywords: assessment; odour; sample; survey
• cet-13099 by None (None) - A publication of The Italian Association of Chemical Engineering Online at www.cetjournal.it Guest Editors: Sauro Pierucci, Flavio Manenti Copyright © 2023, AIDIC Servizi S.r.l. ISBN 978-88-95608-98-3; ISSN 2283-9216 Quantitative Evaluation of the Probability of Success of Deliberate Attacks in the Offshore Oil&Gas Industry Matteo Iaiania, Alessandro Tugnolia, Valerio Cozzania, Genserik Reniersb, Ming Yang b,* aLISES - Dipartimento di Ingegneria Civile, Chimica, Ambientale e dei Materiali, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, via Terracini n.28, 40131 Bologna (Italy) bSafety and Security Science Section, Faculty of Technology, Policy and Management, Delft University of Technology, Delft (the Netherlands) M.Yang-1@tudelft.nl Deliberate attacks (security attacks) pose a significant threat to offshore Oil&Gas critical infrastructures as they have the potential of triggering major event scenarios with severe consequences on people, property, and the surrounding environment. However, as the credibility of security attacks grows, security risk assessments should be approached in a more systematic and quantitative way to measure vulnerabilities and determine the level of protection available in the site. Keywords: assessment; attack; detection; intervention; oil&gas; probability; response; security; study; 𝑃(𝑈
• cet-15125 by None (None) - However, especially in high-risk industries, where natural hazards may trigger technological accidents (Natech events), the development of quantitative resilience assessment tools poses significant challenges due to the complexity of incorporating Natech features as well as the long- term effects of such scenarios. In industrial areas where relevant quantities of hazardous materials are handled, natural hazards may trigger severe technological accidents, known as Natech events (Cruz et al., 2006). Keywords: accidents; assessment; damage; events; natech; resilience; scenarios
• cet-4758 by None (None) - Virtually all life cycles, including products in the chemical sector, involve at some tier land operations and emissions leading to changes in the state of biodiversity; however, it is particularly important to take biodiversity impacts into consideration in LCA studies dealing directly with land use and land use change (such as food or bioenergy studies, as in Čuček et al., 2011) – which currently is scarcely done due to methods not being recognized as stable and mature (Freidberg, 2013). Due to its importance, as identified by the MA, and since it is the most active field today, the rest of this article is devoted to biodiversity impacts from land use only. Keywords: assessment; biodiversity; ecosystem; impacts; land; lca; services; species; use
• cet-5085 by None (None) - Given the importance of the assessment process, we want to recognize the contribution of smart cities in the resolution of outstanding issues with regard to valuation procedures. The Italian geography of smart cities and territories The major cities (Milan, Turin, Genoa, Bari, Florence) have defined a process for making smart-labeling system to existing and new projects. Keywords: assessment; cities; city; development; energy; future; impact; need; projects; smart; sustainability

• cet-12832 by None (None) - Conclusions Very little is known about musty odour character emissions from biosolids. 195 Figure 1: Arithmetic mean of odour intensity values belonging to two odorous signals with musty odour character obtained by gas chromatography coupled with olfactory detection port between 3 assessor’s in the emissions from stabilized biosolids cake after anaerobically digestion of wastewater sludge over storage time. Keywords: biosolids; character; emission; odorants; odour; odp; suffet; type; wastewater
• cet-14425 by None (None) - Ghiara G., Campisi S., Goglio A., Formicola F., Balordi M., Gervasini A., Trasatti S.P.M., Adani F., Franzetti A., Cristiani P., 2023, Biochar based cathode enriched with hydroxyapatite and Cu nanoparticles boosting electromethanogenesis, Sustain. Silverskin, the byproduct of coffee roasting responsible for generating significant waste worldwide, was subjected to a pyrolysis process to produce conductive biochar, then characterized in terms of physico-chemical properties. Keywords: biochar; cells; composite; cycle; hydroxyapatite; materials; mfc; mfcs; silverskin; wastewater
• cet-4766 by None (None) - Hence, to protect the water environment, textile wastewater must be treated up to the safe discharge limits as recommended by USEPA. The main advantage of coagulation/flocculation method is that the decolourisation of textile wastewater can be achieved through the removal of dye molecule present in the wastewater, and not by partial decomposition of dyes, which 176 could produce potentially harmful and toxic aromatic compounds (Golob et al., 2005). Keywords: ach; coagulant; decolourisation; dosage; efficiency; textile; wastewater

• Influence of the Pressing System on Pomegranate Juice Physical-Chemical Properties by De Pasquale, C.; Catania, P.; Vallone, M. (2017) - The aim of this study was to assess the influence of the pressing systems on pomegranate juice yield and health properties after the extraction. Many studies have been performed on pomegranate juice yield demonstrating its influence on the organoleptic and physicochemical properties of the juice (Fischer et al., 2013; Koppel et al., 2014, Türkyılmaz et al., 2013). Keywords: activity; extraction; juice; pomegranate; properties; solution
• cet-14413 by None (None) - Ultrasound assisted extraction (UAE) of bioactive compounds from fruit and vegetable processing by-products: A review. However, the prolonged extraction time can generate inter-bubble collisions and structural damage of phenolics and flavonoids, decreasing extraction yield (Rao et al., 2021). Keywords: extraction; flavonoids; fruit; passion; phenolics; solvent
• cet-14419 by None (None) - The combination of an expanded contact area and an enhanced cavitation effect synergistically enhanced the efficiency of phenolic compound extraction from WP (Vo et al., 2023). The traditional extraction techniques, including solvent extraction, and mechanical expelling are commonly utilized to recover plant component. Keywords: compounds; et al; extraction; lac; nades; phenolic; pro; tpc; uae; watermelon
• cet-14476 by None (None) - Rambutan seed lipids contain 33.35–46.64 g/100 g fat of oleic acid and 26.03–34.36 g/100 g fat of arachidic acid as the major fatty acids (Afzaal et al., 2023; Jahurul et al., 2020). This work introduces a defatting method for rambutan seed lipid that uses mechanical and supercritical fluid extractions (SFE). Keywords: content; crude; ethanol; extraction; lipid; rambutan; rambutan seed; scco2; seed
• cet-14479 by None (None) - 334 Figure 4: Network of bibliographical references on sugarcane bagasse corrosion inhibitors. Evolution of the state of the art in bagasse corrosion inhibitors: A bibliometric view The interest in the development of eco-friendly corrosion inhibitors derived from sugarcane bagasse has been growing in the scientific community in recent years. Keywords: bagasse; compounds; corrosion; corrosion inhibitors; extraction; inhibition; inhibitors; sugarcane; sugarcane bagasse
• cet-14482 by None (None) - 𝐿𝑜𝑠𝑡 𝑤𝑒𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡 % = 𝐵−𝐷 𝐵 𝑥 100 % (3) 𝑉𝑜𝑙𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑙𝑒 𝑚𝑎𝑡𝑡𝑒𝑟 % = 1 − 𝐿𝑜𝑠𝑡 𝑤𝑒𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡 (4) where B is the oven dry mass of sample (g), D is the weight of residue after heating (g). 𝐴𝑠ℎ 𝐶𝑜𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝐼 % = 𝐶 𝐵 𝑥 100 % (2) where C is weight of ash (g) and B is weight of oven-dry sample (g). Keywords: content; european; extraction; hazelnut; shell; table; tannins
• cet-14739 by None (None) - The FRAP method showed higher antioxidant activity values than the DPPH method. Acetone (B) Methanol (C) Ethanol (D) TPC TFC DPPH FRAP 1 0.00 0.00 50.00 50.00 1.220 ± 0.059bc 1.078 ± 0.031e 0.452 ± 0.005bc 5.440 ± 0.423b 2 50.00 0.00 50.00 0.00 0.938 ± 0.020a 0.552 ± 0.004a 0.438 ± 0.006b 3.587 ± 0.050a 3 0.00 0.00 0.00 100.00 1.399 ± 0.026cd 1.397 ± 0.097fg 0.405 ± 0.017a 9.633 ± 0.398f 4 0.00 50.00 0.00 50.00 2.037 ± 0.158ef 1.564 ± 0.064h 0.474 ± 0.012cd 7.713 ± 0.330e 5 50.00 50.00 0.00 0.00 2.190 ± 0.047f 0.788 ± 0.015cd 0.483 ± 0.009de 5.627 ± 0.202bc 6 0.00 0.00 100.00 0.00 1.450 ± 0.039d 1.776 ± 0.087i 0.556 ± 0.012g 10.100 ± 0.172f 7 50.00 0.00 0.00 50.00 1.199 ± 0.071bc 0.604 ± 0.023ab 0.496 ± 0.005def 3.833 ± 0.122a 8 0.00 33.33 33.33 33.33 1.262 ± 0.014bcd 1.285 ± 0.007f 0.452 ± 0.005bc 7.567 ± 0.147e 9 0.00 50.00 50.00 0.00 2.614 ± 0.170g 1.523 ± 0.046gh 0.601 ± Keywords: activity; antioxidant; compounds; dpph; extraction; frap; methanol; purslane; solvent; tfc; tpc
• cet-14781 by None (None) - Results and Discussion 3.1 Impact of types of salt and phase composition Different salts exhibit distinctive salting-out abilities and have a great impact on the extraction efficiency of phenolic compounds in the ATPS (Pereira & Coutinho, 2019). Table 1: Effect of types of salt and phase composition on the K, Y, and DPPH scavenging activity of O. stamineus leaves phenolic compounds in EL-based ATPS Types of ATPS EL concentration, [% (w/w)] Salt concentration, Keywords: atps; compounds; extraction; phase; phenolic; salt
• cet-14795 by None (None) - 2.4 Total flavonoid content (TFC) and antioxidant activity of the phenolic extract The total flavonoid content (TFC) expressed as mg quercetin equivalent (QE) per mL extract and the antioxidant activity was evaluated through DPPH free radical scavenging capacity according to (Tien et al., 2022) 308 2.5 Chemical structure of the obtained polysaccharides The chemical structure of obtained polysaccharides was determined by using an FT/IR – 4700 spectrophotometers (Jasco, Japan). This technique offers numerous benefits, including high efficiency, low energy consumption, quick processing time, cost-effectiveness, and minimal solvent usage (Tran et al., 2023). Keywords: euae; extraction; mae; min; mps; polysaccharides; psy; tpc
• cet-15375 by None (None) - By focusing on readily available agricultural waste as a source of corrosion inhibitors, this study offers a practical pathway toward reducing the environmental impact of corrosion protection while potentially decreasing costs associated with conventional inhibitors. All solutions show more negative potentials than the blank, indicating they would not act as corrosion inhibitors. Keywords: bagasse; compounds; concentrations; corrosion; extraction; extracts; inhibitors; potential; ppm; sugarcane
• Antioxidant Capacity Improvement of Cashew Apple Bagasse by Barretto, L.; Andrade, T.; Leao, K.; Moreira, J.; Freitas, S. (2015) - Among conventional methods such as solvent extractions, enzyme technology is an alternative to obtain bioactive compounds from agro-industrial byproducts (Azmir et al., 2013). Many studies have reported that cashew apple presents an important source of bioactive compounds like flavonoids (Lopes et al., 2012) carotenoids (Moo-Huchin et al., 2014) and anthocyanins (Silva et al., 2014). Keywords: antioxidant; cashew; compounds; extraction; hydrolysis; ratio; sample; sample ratio; solvent; tpc
• Polyphenols from Grape and Apple Skin: a Study on Non-Conventional Extractions and Biological Activity on Endothelial Cell Cultures by Casazza, A.; Aliakbarian, B.; Mura, M.; Chasseur, M.; Freguglia, M.; Valentini, S.; Palombo, D.; Perego, P. (2015) - Dried samples were subjected to microwave assisted extraction (110 °C, 60 min) and high pressure and temperature extraction (150 °C, 150 min). 110 °C, 60 min) and high pressure and temperature extraction (HPTE, 150 °C, 150 min). Keywords: apple; compounds; extraction; grape; hpte; mae; phenolic; polyphenols; skins; sle
• Effect of Different Extraction Methods on the Physico-chemical Properties of Pomelo Juice by Shamsudin, R.; Buang, S.; Aziz, N.A. (2015) - The extraction methods evaluated for pomelo juice extraction had significantly influence the yield of juice extraction. Phytochemicals Composition Is Modulated by Household Processing Techniques, Journal of Food Science, 77(9), 921-926 269 Shah, N.N.A.K., Rahman, R.A., Shamsudin, R., and Adzahan, N.M., 2012, Effect of enzymatic clarification treatment on phenolic compounds of Pummelo (Citrus grandis L. Osbeck) fruit juices, International Conference on Agriculture and Food Engineering for Life (Cafei 2012), 26-28 November 2012 Sunil, P., Ravinder, P., Subrata, M., 2011, Effect of juice extraction methods and processing temperature-time on juice quality of Nagpur mandarin (Citrus reticulate Blanco) during storage, Journal of Food science Technology, 48(2),197-203 Toh, J.J., Khoo, H.E. and Azrina, A., 2013, Comparison of antioxidant properties of pomelo (Citrus Grandis (L) Osbeck) varieties, International Food Research Journal 20(4), 1661-1668 Vishal, S.B., and Sanjay, K.S., 2009, Standardization of Extraction Methods and Preservation Techniques of Hill Lemon Juice, Journal of Scientific & Industrial Research 68, 608-610 Yang, B., Jiang, Y., Shi, J., Chen, F., and Ashraf, M., 2011, Extraction and pharmacological properties of bioactive compounds from longan (Dimocarpus longan Lour.) Keywords: content; extraction; fruit; juice; method; pomelo; screw; type
• Selective Separation of Zn(ii) over Fe(iii) from Acidic Media Using Ionic Liquids as Sole Extraction Agents. by Perez de los Rios, A.; Hernandez Fernandez, F.J.; Sanchez Segado, S.; Lozano Blanco, L.J.; Moreno Sánchez, J.I.; Godinez Seoane, C. (2010) - Among imidazolium based ionic liquids, higher extraction percentages of Fe 3+ were reached with ionic liquids based on [PF6 - ] anions respect to those based on [NTf2 - ] anions. P. S. Varbanov Copyright © 2010, AIDIC Servizi S.r.l., ISBN 978-88-95608-05-1 ISSN 1974-9791 DOI: 10.3303/CET1021105 Please cite this article as: Perez de los Rios A., Hernandez Fernandez F. J, Sanchez Segado S., Lozano Blanco L. J., Moreno Sánchez J. I and Godinez Seoane C., (2010), Selective separation of Zn(II) over Fe(III) from acidic media using ionic liquids as sole extraction agents., Chemical Engineering Transactions, 21, 625-630, DOI: 10.3303/CET1021105. Keywords: bmim; extraction; liquids; ntf2; omim; pf6
• Use of Ionic Liquids as ‘green’ Solvents for Extraction of Zn2+, Cd2+, Fe3+ and Cu2+ from Aqueous Solutions. by Hernandez Fernandez, F.J.; Perez de los Rios, A.; Ginesta Anzola, A.; Sanchez Segado, S.; Lozano Blanco, L.J.; Moreno Sánchez, J.I.; Godinez Seoane, C. (2010) - P. S. Varbanov Copyright © 2010, AIDIC Servizi S.r.l., ISBN 978-88-95608-05-1 ISSN 1974-9791 DOI: 10.3303/CET1021106 Please cite this article as: Hernandez Fernandez F. J., Perez de los Rios A., Ginesta Anzola A., Sanchez Segado S., Lozano Blanco L. J. , Moreno Sánchez J. I. and Godinez Seoane C., (2010), Use of ionic liquids as ‘green’ solvents for extraction of Zn 2+ , Cd 2+ , Fe 3+ and Cu 2+ from aqueous solutions., Chemical Engineering Transactions, 21, 631-636, DOI: 10.3303/CET1021106. Use of ionic liquids as green solvents for extraction of Zn 2+ , Cd 2+, Fe 3+ and Cu 2+ from aqueous solutions Francisco José Hernández-Fernández *, Antonia Pérez de los Ríos*, A. Ginestá, Sergio Sánchez-Segado, Luis Javier Lozano, Juan Ignacio Moreno, C. Godínez Technical University of Cartagena, Dep. Keywords: extraction; liquids; metal; omim
• Beta-Glucan Enriched Products Obtained from Different Barley Milling Fractions. by Benito, O.; Alonso, E.; Lucas, S. (2010) - Research on -glucan extraction has become more interesting in the last years due to the appeal of these polymers for the human health. However, -glucan extraction from brans was more difficult, due to its wide particle size distribution. Keywords: barley; extraction; flour; fractions; milling; -glucan

• cet-12827 by None (None) - Global odour perception is, in fact, subjective due to the interpretation of perceived smells in a context. If this fifth factor must represent all sensitivities not considered by other factors, it must integrate physiological and psychological health, age, social level… 2.6 Not studied interactions Because odour perception is complex, FIDOL/FIDOR/FIDOS describe a situation. Keywords: factors; impact; intensity; levels; measurement; odour; perception; scale
• cet-12833 by None (None) - The results of the survey will form the basis for the initial identification of odour sources in the agglomeration area under investigation. the food industry animal feed industry slaughterhouses and plants for the disposal/processing of animal by-products chemical industry refining industry manufacture of chipboard and particleboard paper industry oils and fats industry tannery industry distribution of fuels waste management wastewater treatment plants the rearing and breeding of pigs, poultry and fur animals management of natural fertilizers gastronomy other odour sources 202 Ta bl e 1: C on ce pt o f a q ue st io nn ai re fo r o do ur n ui sa nc e su rv ey s N o. Q ue st io n An sw er 1 An sw er 2 An sw er 3 An sw er 4 An sw er 5 An sw er 6 An sw er 7 An sw er 8 1. Keywords: area; concept; nuisance; odour; sources; survey; urban
• cet-12835 by None (None) - In 1983, two other researchers, Amoore, and Hautala, developed odour threshold values for 214 chemicals (Amoore, Hautala, 1983). 2. Methodology Originally, when the project started in 2014, the purpose of this paper was to develop odour threshold values for only 24 pure compounds. Keywords: compounds; odour; odtv; threshold; values
• Sensory Analysis of the Foot Deodorisation Efficiency of a Commercial Product by Domingues, R.; Arias, R.; Vera, L.; Villatoro, C.; Ceballos, V. (2016) - The previously reported statistical differences in odour intensity between paired feet (right versus left) in baseline (T0: no treatment) and deodorization assays (T1: treated foot versus untreated foot) have also been represented in a box plot (Figure 3). Feet odour intensity was assessed by a calibrated and trained olfactory panel after 24 hours and 48 hours of continuously wearing the same socks. Keywords: feet; foot; hours; intensity; odour; product

• cet-1154 by None (None) - Next, wipe structure paste position and piezoelectric ceramic sensor and structure contact surface dust, dirt with acetone. In order to test the performance of the piezoelectric ceramic sensor after packaging and compare the performance of piezoelectric ceramic sensor of different thickness and different size, piezoelectric ceramics are used in this paper. Keywords: ceramic; engineering; health; materials; monitoring; piezoelectric; sensor; signal; structure
• cet-12852 by None (None) - Gratz E., Sa Q., Apelian D., Wang Y., 2014, A closed loop process for recycling spent lithium ion batteries, Journal of Power Sources, 262, 255–262. References Beaudet A., Larouche F., Amouzegar K., Bouchard P., Zaghib K., 2020, Key challenges and opportunities for recycling electric vehicle battery materials, Sustainability, 12, 5837. Keywords: batteries; battery; cathode; figure; ion; lib; lithium; materials; processes; recycling
• cet-13092 by None (None) - Thus, in principle bioplastic waste should be collected together with the OFMSW and treated via biological methods, such as anaerobic digestion or composting, which is their most studied disposal route (Gioia et al., 2021). Due to the increasing awareness regarding the environmental concerns posed by traditional fossil-based plastics, bioplastics are steadily becoming more abundant in different fields (Rosenboom et al., 2022). Keywords: bioplastics; carbonization; htc; hydrothermal; materials; solid
• cet-14348 by None (None) - In Hungary, the practical application of ecological footprint calculation is in its initial phase (Harangozó et al., 2016). Conclusions In Hungary, the practical application of ecological footprint calculations for industrial projects is still in its early stages. Keywords: ash; binder; cement; fly; footprint; lime; materials; mixing; soil; table
• cet-14667 by None (None) - In this study, the thermal decomposition and combustion products of wood-based board and pellets were studied. Sawdust and shavings obtained at industrial plants are used to produce wood pellets, which are used for heating in central heating boilers, in single- family homes and district heating plants, and more (Kajda-Szcześniak, 2013). Keywords: combustion; fire; furnace; materials; min; products; substances; wood
• cet-15067 by None (None) - It was essential to use various PLA materials in the research and affordable and easily accessible printers to produce test pieces so that the results could be used more widely. Additionally, while this research provides a foundation for sustainable 3D printing materials, it did not account for the entire lifecycle impact, particularly recycling and material reuse. Keywords: applications; displacement; filaments; infill; materials; pattern; pla; printing; research
• cet-15394 by None (None) - The photocatalytic decolourisation of rhodamine B dye on Yb3+ and Er3+ doped Bi12O17Cl2 materials was assessed under visible light and natural sunlight. Figures 2a and b confirm the successful synthesis of Bi1217Cl2 and doped materials. Keywords: bi12o17cl2; degradation; doping; energy; er3; materials; nir; yb3
• cet-2446 by None (None) - Hemp materials and artificial stone scraps were used at different proportions to develop a new composite called Hempstone. 2. Methodology 2.1 Goal and scope This LCA study aims at exploring a potential use of hemp stalks remaining after fibre extraction as “Hempstone” solid surface for buildings’ interior applications. Keywords: hemp; hempstone; materials; number; resin; scraps; stalk
• Hydration Reaction of Cementitious Materials Prepared with Molybdenum Tailings by Di, Yanqing; Cui, Xiaowei; Nan, Ning; Zhou, Chunsheng (2018) - Obviously, when molybdenum tailings proportion increases from 10% to 30%, the compressive strength of the paste sample will decrease more or less; while when molybdenum tailings 8 proportion increases from 30% to 40%, the decrease of the compressive strength is much more obviously, which is mainly due to the fact that molybdenum tailings are low-active. 3d —AFt —C 3 S —Ca(O H ) 2 —SiO2 Figure 3: XRD patterns of the paste sample of molybdenum tailings cementitious materials It can be seen from Figure 3 that the major phase of the hydration products of molybdenum tailings cementitious materials are quartz, calcium hydroxide, ettringite, and tricalcium silicate. Keywords: gel; hydration; materials; molybdenum; molybdenum tailings; paste; tailings
• Microscopic Mechanism of Tin-Cobalt Alloy Negative Material During Li-Absorption by Li, Y.; Zhang, Y.X.; Li, S.M.; Wu, J.M.; Ding, Y.P.; Zhang, R.Z. (2016) - Figure 2b shows that 302 https://www.engineeringvillage.com/search/submit.url?CID=quickSearchCitationFormat&origin=results&category=authorsearch&searchtype=Quick&searchWord1=%7bGrazzini,+Giuseppe%7d§ion1=AU&database=1&yearselect=yearrange&sort=yr Li8Co3Sn3 alloy exhibits stronger ionic than the other models with embedding lithium atoms. As well as the distinction of band structure of all alloys systems doped lithium atoms was discussed in comparison with CoSn alloy model. Keywords: alloy; atoms; band; cosn; doi; energy; figure; lithium; materials; tin
• cet-5402 by None (None) - 2.2 Methodology Environmental evaluation of houses foundations was based on the calculation of environmental impacts of foundation building materials used in four selected buildings. Minimization of CO2 emissions and primal energy by building materials environmental evaluation and optimization, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 25, 1-6. Keywords: building; foundation; gwp; house; materials; pei
• cet-837 by None (None) - SiO2 materials after 40h and 80h of ball milling both present high cycle stability even after 100 cycles. The influence of milling periods on particle size, morphology and distribution of the materials are systematically studied, revealing the mechanism of how they affect the electrochemical lithium storage performance of SiO2 materials. Keywords: ball; ball milling; capacity; doi; ieee; lithium; materials; milling; particle; pristine; sio2; transactions

• cet-1160 by None (None) - Artificial Intelligence Algorithm Yuhong Du Hebi Automotive Engineering Professional College, Hebi 458030, China muzi598@163.com With the development of the modern society, nickel metal hydride battery has been paid attention to by scholars and manufacturers. Nickel metal hydride battery is an ideal power source for hybrid electric vehicles due to its high specific energy, high specific power and zero pollution. Keywords: algorithm; battery; hydride; metal; network; neural; nickel
• Application of an Improved Ant Colony Algorithm in Routing of Wireless Sensor Networks by Lei, J.H.; Tian, X.Y. (2016) - Architecture and basic knowledge of Wireless Sensor Networks 2.1 Architecture of Wireless Sensor Networks Wireless sensor network is composed of sensor nodes, sink node and management node. As shown in figure 1, a large number of sensor nodes are randomly distributed inside or near the monitoring area, and the nodes form the network by self-organizing. Keywords: algorithm; ant; energy; network; node; routing; sensor; wireless
• Endpoint Prediction of BOF Steelmaking based on BP Neural Network Combined with Improved PSO by Li, W.; Wang, Q.M.; Wang, X.S.; Wang, H. (2016) - In this paper, an improved PSO algorithm of reducing inertia weight and adding the constriction factor combined with BP neural network is presented for endpoint prediction in BOF. Yu Y.J., Jiang W.G., Xu M.F., 2011, Prediction of chlorophyll a by BP neural network based on PSO algorithm, Research of environmental sciences 5, 526-532. Keywords: algorithm; bof; endpoint; layer; network; neural; prediction; pso
• Complex Network Method Towards Evaluating Industrial Symbiosis by Wang, Z.; Jiang, Y.; Huang, Y.; Jia, X. (2017) - Combined with the method of complex network community detection, we choose spectral bisection method to achieve community structure detection of IS networks, which has obvious community structure. The quantitative detection for community structure of IS networks is feasible with the method of complex network community detection. Keywords: community; complex; detection; enterprises; index; method; mill; network; node; structure

• Synthesis of Zinc Oxide/Reduced Graphene Oxide Composites for Fabrication of Anodes in Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells by Le, Tran Trung Nghia ; Le, Van Cuong; Le, Tien Phat; Nguyen, Thi Tra My; Ho, Huu Dat; Le, Khac Hung; Tran, Minh Hien; Nguyen, Thai Hoang; Pham, Trong Liem Chau; Nam, Hoang Minh; Phong, Mai Thanh; Hieu, Nguyen Huu (2020) - The absorption band at about 380 nm of ZnO or ZnO/rGO patterns could be attributed to the highly crystalline of ZnO structure. The efficiencies of ZnO/rGO1, ZnO/rGO2, and ZnO/rGO3 DSSCs were 1.25, 1.47, and 1.55 %, which were higher than that of ZnO DSSC (1.08 %). Keywords: anodes; dsscs; efficiency; graphene; oxide; rgo; rgo3; structure; zno
• cet-13713 by None (None) - Extinguisher Flowrate/Jet (L/min) Test Code (ID-Ext-Supp-%-Jet) 4 14/11/22 K-SPLB-40 F500 2 13.2 / Spray 4-F5-M-2-SP 6 9 10 11 12 13 14/11/22 16/11/22 16/11/22 16/11/22 16/11/22 16/11/22 K-SPLB-40 K-SPLB-40 K-SPLB-40 K-SPLB-40 K-SPLB-40 K-SPLB-40 Foam Water F500 Water F500 AVD 2 - 3 - 2 20 8.3 / Spray 10.3 / Spray 7.2 / Mist 16.4 / Spray 13.2/ Spray 3.0 / Spray 6-FO-E-2-SP 9-WA-M-0-SP 10-F5-H-3-MI 11-WA-E-0-SP 12-F5-H-2-SP 13-AV-L-20-SP 44 Test Code has been chosen with the following criterion: Test ID Num - Extinguishing Agent - Extinguisher Supplier - Solute Concentration (%) - Extinguisher Jet A typical cell temperature profile for test where cooling is obtained by spray jet extinguishing agent is reported in Figure 2. Rao H., Huang Z., Zhang H., Xiao S., 2015, Study of fire tests and fire safety measures on lithium-ion battery used in ships, The 3rd International Conference on Transportation Information and Safety, June 25 – 28. Keywords: agent; cell; efficiency; extinguishing; figure; fire; lithium; test
• cet-15014 by None (None) - Table 1: Descriptions for each criterion No Criterion Description 1 Port digitalization Port digitalization involves the transformation of port operations into digital processes. Seaport digitalization can facilitate port operations. Keywords: capacity; criteria; criterion; efficiency; future; modelling; operation; pandemic; port; resilience; seaport; sub
• cet-15671 by None (None) - In particular, how AI adoption affects firm-level energy consumption, and through which mechanisms, has yet to be fully understood. These findings enrich the literature on AI- driven sustainability by clarifying how and under what conditions AI adoption contributes to improved energy efficiency. Keywords: adoption; consumption; efficiency; energy; firm; innovation; level; study; sustainability
• cet-15715 by None (None) - Nevertheless, when the average disposable income is considered -alongside the geographical distribution of heating allowances and the percentage of recorded energy poverty- a serious inconsistency becomes evident in the targeting of support measures: regions with higher energy poverty get more generous heating subsidies (i.e. Western Macedonia, North Aegean, and Epirus, where over 25 % of households face energy poverty, receive the highest support, between € 335 - € 350 per year) At the level of household is mainly expressed by the concept of energy poverty, also referred to as fuel poverty, which is widely defined in the literature as the “inability of a household to secure adequate access to essential energy services, such as heating, cooling, and electricity”. Keywords: efficiency; energy; energy poverty; greece; households; income; indicators; poverty; programs; subsidies
• Evaluation of Incorporation Efficiency of Drugs in Sericin/Alginate Particles by Vidart, J.M.M.; Freitas, E.D.; Nakashima, M.; Santos, R.D.J.; Rosa, P.C.P.; Gimenes, M.L.; Silva, M.G.C.; Vieira, M.G.A. (2017) - Although alginate has been extensively evaluated for drug incorporation such as theophylline (Miyazaki et al., 2000) and metronidazole (Murata et al., 2000), alginate and sericin blend has been evaluated for drug incorporation to a lesser extent. Figure 2: Micrographs of pure drugs ibuprofen (Ibu) and ketoprofen (Keto) (magnification of 3,000x), and formulations content ibuprofen and ketoprofen (S3, B3, S4, B4). Keywords: alginate; blend; drug; efficiency; formulations; ibuprofen; incorporation; ketoprofen; particles; quetiapine; sericin; solution
• Table Olives Mechanical Harvesting with Trunk Shakers: Orchard Adaption and Machine Improvements by Jimenez-Jimenez, F.; Blanco-Roldan, G.L.; Castillo-Ruiz, F.J.; Castro-Garcia, S.; Sola-Guirado, R.R.; Gil-Ribes, J.A. (2015) - Three types of table olive orchards were tested: traditional, traditional trained to mechanical harvesting and intensive DOI: 10.3303/CET1544046 Please cite this article as: Jimenez-Jimenez F., Blanco-Roldan G.L., Castillo-Ruiz F.J., Castro-Garcia S., Sola-Guirado R.R., Gil-Ribes J.A., 2015, Table olive mechanical harvesting with trunk shakers: orchard adaptations and machine improvements, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 44, 271-276 DOI: 10.3303/CET1544046 271 (Figure 1). Conclusions In conclusion, trunk shaker mechanical harvesting of table olives without complementary rod beating or the use of abscission agents required the implementation of initiatives to improve harvesting efficiency. Keywords: efficiency; fruit; harvesting; olive; orchards; shakers; table; tree; trunk; vibration

• cet-14377 by None (None) - The instability of tax revenue is a crucial risk for maintaining fiscal balance, as it can lead to fluctuations in revenues and make it challenging to maintain fiscal equilibrium, limiting the funds available for essential public services and investments (Evans, 2020). Developing countries may face capacity constraints in tax administration and enforcement, leading to challenges in effectively capturing tax revenue from multinational corporations and wealthy individuals. Keywords: countries; economic; finances; jurisdictions; member; pricing; revenue; shifting; tax; transfer
• cet-14786 by None (None) - Zhang, J., Dow, N., Duke, M., Ostarcevic, E., Gray, S., 2010, Identification of material and physical features of membrane distillation membranes for high performance desalination, Journal of membrane science, 3491- 2, 295-303. There are two significant technologies in desalination process that are primarily used namely thermal desalination and membrane distillation (MD). Keywords: coefficient; contact; flux; mass; membrane; permeate; size; transfer

• cet-12517 by None (None) - FTIR results for PCL fiber fabricated by SBS and ES. 4. Conclusions PCL fibers oriented were fabricated successfully by solution blow spinning (SBS) and ES. Keywords: collector; fibers; figure; pcl; sbs; solution; spinning
• cet-13105 by None (None) - To overcome this problem, an alternative source of urease enzyme can be employed, such as from plant seeds, particularly, as a new possibility, from soybeans. 2.2 Enzymatic solution (ES): urease extraction Several sources of urease enzyme were tested as derived as agro-food waste: tomato seeds, watermelon seeds, and soybean seeds (the latter expired and therefore not usable for food purposes). Keywords: caco3; enzyme; precipitation; soil; solution; urease
• cet-15073 by None (None) - This can increase the efficiency of solving logistics problems and expand the use of the latest optimization techniques. 2. Literature review Due to their NP-hard complexity, metaheuristics are often applied to logistics problems. Keywords: algorithm; discrete; logistics; metaheuristics; optimization; problem; solution; tasks
• cet-15090 by None (None) - Figure 1d illustrates the PCL fibers deposited onto F. Figure 1: Morphology of F, nanofiber and F with nanofibers observed by SEM of (a) initial F 50X, (b) initial F 500X (c) PCL nanofibers 500X, (d) PCL nanofibers on the F 500X. Figures 2 and 3 show independent PCL/CHT and PCL/Ag nanofibers and those deposited on F. In general, nanofibers exhibit a smooth, bead-free surface, distributed uniformly. This result is due to the hydrophobic character of the base polymer of the PCL nanofibers, as it is known in the literature for the molecular composition of PCL nanofibers (Tiyek et al., 2019). Keywords: agnps; chitosan; cht; diameter; nanofibers; pcl; properties; solution; textile
• The Heat and Mass Transfer Modeling with Time Delay by Sorokin, V.G.; Vyazmin, A.; Zhurov, A.I.; Reznik, V.; Polyanin, A.D. (2017) - Exact solutions to nonlinear differential equations promote the better understanding of the qualitative features of the processes under description (nonuniqueness, spatial localization, blowup regimes, etc.). (1), we used various modifications of the methods of generalized and functional separation of variables (see, for information, handbooks by Polyanin and Manzhirov, 2007; Galaktionov and Svirshchevskii, 2007; Polyanin and Zaitsev, 2012) and the functional constraints method for parabolic delay equations (Polyanin and Zhurov, 2014b); for parabolic equations with varying transfer coefficients (Polyanin and Zhurov, 2014c). Keywords: delay; differential; equations; solution
• Analysis and Equilibrium Constant of Polysulfides in Desulfurization Solution by Cheng, H.; Hou, F.; Li, C.; Zheng, S. (2017) - 200 210 220 230 240 250 260 270 280 290 300 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0 1.1 1.2 A b s Wavelength/nm Na 2 SO 4 NaSCN Na 2 SO 3 Na 2 CO 3 NaHCO 3 PDS Na 2 S 2 O 3 Na 2 S Figure 2: Spectrum of other components in desulfurization solution It can be seen from Figure 2, after 280 nm, the water-soluble components have no effect on the determination of polysulfide. In the next step, the effect of polysulfide concentration and chain length on the amount of secondary salt in the process of oxidative regeneration of desulfurization solution will be studied. Keywords: desulfurization; polysulfide; sodium; solution;  
• cet-6576 by None (None) - Biodegradable and biocompatible PUs were then electrospun to obtain non-fibrous surfaces with high porosity and interconnectivity. A publication of The Italian Association of Chemical Engineering Online at: www.aidic.it/cet Chief Editors: Sauro Pierucci, Jiří J. Klemeš Copyright © 2013, AIDIC Servizi S.r.l., ISBN 978-88-95608-23-5; ISSN 1974-9791 Poly (α-Hydroxy Ester-Urethane) Based Electrospun Biomaterials for Tissue Engineering Nilhan Kayaman-Apohana,*, Emrah Çakmakçıa, Çiğdem Çiçeka, Memet V. Kahramana, Mehmet Arslanb, Serap Erdem Kurucab a Marmara University, Department of Chemistry, 34722 Goztepe-Istanbul, Turkey b Istanbul University, Istanbul Medical Faculty, Department of Physiology, 34390 Capa-Istanbul, Turkey napohan@marmara.edu.tr Generally fibrous mats are produced via electrospinning and utilized as tissue engineering scaffolds. Keywords: cell; electrospinning; electrospun; engineering; polymer; scaffolds; solution; tissue

• cet-12756 by None (None) - Autonomous vehicle systems can be considered the most promising solutions in the field of dual-purpose transportation and locomotion. These factors appear both in the hardware and software domains of autonomous ground vehicle systems, arising research questions linked to resilience as follows (Bagchi et al., 2020). Keywords: components; ground; literature; research; resilience; systems; ugvs; vehicles
• cet-15053 by None (None) - To make the energy sector more environmentally friendly, two things are needed: renewable energy producers and flexible energy solutions that enable the safe and regulated operation of energy systems. This combination enables a more holistic analysis of energy systems by capturing the technological characteristics of energy processes and the broader economic context, including stakeholder interactions and feedback effects. Keywords: complexity; development; ecosystem; energy; innovation; park; sustainability; systems; technologies; technology; theory; zalazone
• cet-15607 by None (None) - ISBN 979-12-81206-20-5; ISSN 2283-9216 Application of Nanofluids in Buildings Laura Cirrincione a, Gianluca Scaccianoce a, Marco Vocciante b,* aDipartimento di Ingegneria, Università degli Studi di Palermo, Viale delle Scienze Bld. 9, 90128, Palermo, Italy bDipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale, Università degli Studi di Genova, via Dodecaneso 31, 16146, Genova, Italy marco.vocciante@unige.it This work reviews and discusses experimental and simulative studies related to nanofluid applications in buildings energy systems and envelope components, including photovoltaic thermal systems, Heating, Ventilation and Air Conditioning (HVAC) systems, thermal energy storage systems and windows. In fact, nanofluids necessitate smaller heating systems, which can deliver the same amount of thermal energy as larger heating systems using base fluids, but are less expensive, also enabling pumping power savings. Keywords: application; buildings; cooling; energy; et al; heating; nanofluids; performance; systems; thermal; use

• Fire hazard posed by sugar alcohols by Celinski, Maciej; Borucka, Monika (2019) - Nonetheless four of tested sugar alcohols show higher average HRR and THR value. Global annual production scale of sugar alcohols i.e. sorbitol, xylitol, mannitol, maltitol and isomalt is 1,6 million metric tons and increases rapidly. Keywords: alcohols; compounds; parameters; smoke; sucrose; sugar; tti
• A Modified Alpha Function for Peng-Robinson Cubic Equation of State by Zhao, Wenying; Xia, Li ; Cao, Xiaorong; Bi, Rongshan; Xiang, Shuguang (2020) - Figure 1: The representative and proposed alpha function and their derivatives for n-butanol in the reduced temperature region from 0.4 to 6. (a) alpha function; (b) the first-order derivation of alpha function; (c) the second-order derivation of alpha function; (d) the third-order derivation of alpha function. Guennec et al. (2016) concluded and revised the constraints of consistency test of alpha function. Keywords: alpha; alpha function; compounds; eos; function
• Chemical Characterization of Polar Species in Colombian Vacuum Residue and Its Supercritical Fluid Extraction Subfractions Using Electrospray Ionization FT-ICR Mass Spectrometry by Arenas-Diaz, J.P.; Palacio Lozano, D.C.; Ramirez, X.; Cabanzo, R.; Guzman, A.; Mejia-Ospino, E. (2017) - It is known that the type of nitrogen compounds contained in petroleum samples is important due to the participation of these species in deactivation of catalysts used in hydrotreatment processes (Furimsky et al., 1999). Figure 1: Heteroatom class distribution for vacuum residue and its subfractions from positive-mode ESI FT- ICR MS Negative-mode ESI FT-ICR offers a selectively ionization of acid compounds and non-basic nitrogen compounds. Keywords: class; compounds; dbe; icr; mass; nitrogen; residue; species; vacuum
• Evaluation of Total Phenolic Compounds and Antioxidant Activity in Amazon Fruit by Montero Fernandez, I.; Alves Chagas, E.; Melo Filho, A.A.; Saravia Maldonado, S.A.; Carvalho Dos Santos, R.; Cardoso Chagas, P.; Dantas Rodrigues Da Silva Duarte, E. (2018) - On the other hand, Canuto et al. (2010), evaluated the antioxidant activity of fruit pulps, using trolox, and found antioxidant activity for the pulp of abiu (0.8 ± 0.1) μmol.L-1 trolox, for the pulp of the arapa , 0 ± 0.1) μmol. Comparing the results obtained with other works for Amazonian fruits developed by Rufino et al. (2010), where they evaluated different fruit pulps, they determined by the FRAP technique the antioxidant capacity of acerola pulp with a value of (148 ± 16) Keywords: antioxidant; camu; compounds; fruits; iron; peel; phenolic; pulp; seeds
• cet-5075 by None (None) - In order to explore the molecular interactions and possible complexation in phosphonium based DES, we further study radial distribution functions between different components. Oman farouqsm@yahoo.com Our experiments on desulfurization of liquid fuels reveals suitability of novel type I deep eutectic solvents (DES) as potential solvents for thiophenic compounds. Keywords: chloride; compounds; dbt; des; formation; interactions; simulations; tbp
• Manufacture of Nutraceutical Compounds from Chestnut Shells by Hydrothermal Processing by Gullon, Patricia; Eibes, Gemma; Davila, Izaskun; Moreira, Maria T.; Labidi, Jalel; Gullon, Beatriz (2018) - The hemicellulose content is in the same range as those reported for other agro industrial by-products such as sunflower seed shells (Gullón et al., 2009) or peanut shells (Rico et al., 2018) but it is lower than the one reported for rye straw (Gullón et al., 2010). Keywords: chestnut; compounds; content; hydrothermal; oligosaccharides; phenolic; shells
• Biological Degradation of Pyrene and Fluoranthene in Porous Media and Attached Growth Systems by Biosurfactant Producing Bacteria by Chirwa, Evans M. N.; Lutsinge, Tshilidzi B. (2018) - The removal rate in each compound is limited by the dissolution index of each compound with high ring number compounds being typically less soluble and therefore more difficult to remove. In both cases, increased biosurfactant dose improved degradation rate up to the point where the PAH concentration became inhibitory to biomass growth and PAH degradation. Keywords: biosurfactant; compounds; creosote; degradation; pahs; pyrene; ring; soil

• cet-12244 by None (None) - Developing an EVADE method to assess trainees during crisis management training for major risks and feedback them, Chemical Engineering Transactions, Vol 48, , Pages: 877-882 ISSN 2283-9216 Limousin P., Bony-Dandrieux A., Tixier J. Sauvagnargues S., (2018) Improving crisis exercises and managers’ skills through the development of scenario design. Accepted: 19 April 2022 Please cite this article as: Bony-Dandrieux A., Secheppet M., Bouillet P., Tixier J., 2022, A reference framework to build crisis exercise for strategic crisis unit: an integrated approach from scenario to debriefing, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 90, 697-702 DOI:10.3303/CET2290117 Keywords: crisis; debriefing; exercise; learners; learning; scenario; simulation; stimuli; training
• cet-14447 by None (None) - Figure 3: Co-pyrolysis product yields obtained via simulation: (a) bio-oil, (b) char, (c) wax, and (d) gas yields. The simulation aimed at representing the main co-pyrolysis phenomena using a hybrid equilibrium-kinetic approach and properly predicting pyrolysis yields. Keywords: char; pyrolysis; simulation; temperatures; xylan; yields
• cet-15078 by None (None) - Nurun N., Biplob R., Fazlur R., Wisam A. H., Muyeen S. M., 2023, Parametric analysis and prediction of energy consumption of electric vehicles using machine learning. A range of parameters are studied to improve vehicle energy consumption. Keywords: consumption; doi; drag; electric; energy; force; rain; results; simulation; vehicle

• cet-13085 by None (None) - The carbon deposition on the surface of used catalysts is summarized in Figure 5. In the case of the RSS raw material, the composition of the bio-oil changed only slightly at catalyst temperature of 400˘C. Keywords: catalyst; ia l2; l2 o; m o; n ia; n o; o o
• cet-15003 by None (None) - This ML framework provides a powerful tool for the rational design of FTS catalysts and operating windows to maximize jet fuel productivity. The pie chart illustrated in Figure 6 reveals that catalyst preparation conditions (type of active metal, promoter, promoter loading) were identified as the least significant features influencing the catalytic activity compared to catalyst characterization and FTS operational conditions. Keywords: c16; catalyst; conditions; fts; jet; selectivity
• cet-15392 by None (None) - The results showed that heavy crude oils subjected to steam injection conditions presented an increase in viscosity and density compared to the original crude oils. Finally, the variation in the physicochemical properties of heavy crude oils shows that the thermochemical method is a valuable and complementary tool in thermal recovery. Keywords: aquathermolysis; catalyst; crude; fractions; molecular; oils; viscosity; weight
• cet-8289 by None (None) - The results of metal recovery showed that the optimum pulp density for spent catalyst bioleaching occurred at 1 % w/v in one-step (Figure 1), 3 % w/v in two-step (Figure 2) and 1% w/v in spent medium leaching (Figure 3). Rich Spent Hydro-Cracking Catalyst Using Adapted Penecillum simplicissimum BBRC-20019 Farnaz Amiri1*, Soheyla Yaghmaei1, Seyyed Mohammad Mousavi2,3 1Department of Petroleum & Chemical Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, Azadi street, P.O.Box 9465, 11365, Tehran, Iran 2Biotechnology Group, Dpt. of Chemical Engineering, Tarbiat Modares University, Iran 3 Dept. of Chemical Technology, Lappeenranta University of Technology, Finland farnaz655@yahoo.com This study was designed to compare one-step, two-step and spent medium bioleaching of spent catalyst by adapted Penecillum simplicissimum in batch cultures. Keywords: bioleaching; catalyst; medium; pulp; step

• cet-12855 by None (None) - The best antibacterial action was exhibited by Mg(OH)2 particles precipitated from magnesium chloride (MgCl2) solutions. 3.1 Particle granulometry and shapes Volume particle size distributions of Mg(OH)2 particles precipitated from Margi and Galia bitterns under stoichiometric and 20 % OH- hydroxyl ions conditions are presented in Figure 2. Keywords: bitterns; et al; magnesium; mass; mg(oh)2; nanoparticles; particles; purity
• cet-12873 by None (None) - In recent years increasing research interest was devoted to the utilization of RMS, as real waste bio-feedstock for HTL process, because the volume of production per year is significant, the disposal cost ranges between € 80 and € 600 per ton and they are characterized by an organic content between 40 and 90 %w/w. ISBN 978-88-95608-95-2; ISSN 2283-9216 Effect of Microplastics in Hydrothermal Liquefaction (HTL) of Real Municipal Sludge (RMS) Claudia Prestigiacomoa,*, Angelo Siragusab, Vito Armando Laudicinac, Onofrio Scialdone, Alessandro Galiaa a Dipartimento di Ingegneria, Sezione Chimica Ambientale Biomedica Idraulica e dei Materiali, Università degli Studi di Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, 90128 Palermo, Italy b AMAP s.p.a., Via Volturno, 2 90138 Palermo, Italy c Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Alimentari e Forestali, Università degli Studi di Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, 90128 Palermo, Italy claudia.prestigiacomo01@unipa.it The work herein was focused to study the effect of the microplastics on the yield and quality of biocrude (BC) produced by hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) of real municipal sludge (RMS). Keywords: adp; al2o3; htl; mass; rms
• cet-14445 by None (None) - 130 Figure 1: Complex viscosity as a function of the frequency of neat PBAT e PBAT containing 10 wt% of hydrochar particles Figure 2a-c shows the values of the main mechanical properties, i.e. Young modulus, tensile strength and elongation at break, of neat PBAT and PBAT containing HCCF200, HCCF250 and HCCF280. Figure 2: (a) Young modulus, (b) Tensile strength and (c) Elongation at break of neat PBAT e PBAT continuing 10wt% of hydrochar particles (HC) 131 4. Keywords: energy; hydrochars; hydrothermal; increase; mass; particles; pbat
• Hydrogel-Based Granular Phytostrengtheners for Prolonged Release: Production and Characterization by Caccavo, D.; Cascone, S.; Amoroso, M.; Apicella, P.; Lamberti, G.; Barba, A.A. (2015) - As it can be seen, the morphology of GD can be collocated in between the one of HPMC granules and GC. Review on materials & methods to produce controlled release coated urea fertilizer. Keywords: density; granules; hpmc; mass; particles; release
• Debris Throw Model for Accidental Explosions in a Complex Industrial Environment by von Ramin, Malte; Stolz, Alexander (2016) - The current Eurocode for masonry structures, EN 1996-1-1 (DIN, 2013) indicates a tensile strength of ft = fxk1 = 0.2 kPa for solid brick masonry structures loaded parallel to the joints. The initial launch angle for debris origination from the brick wall is calculated from the rotational angle of the pin-jointed system shown in Figure 1, right, Eq(5):        2/ tan 1 l wu (5) Based on previous research on reinforced concrete walls (Dörr et al., 2002), the angular distribution of masonry debris in horizontal and vertical direction is assumed to follow a Gauss normal distribution. Keywords: angle; debris; distribution; fragment; launch; masonry; mass; throw; wall

• cet-13707 by None (None) - Recognizing the importance of understanding and mitigating the risks, this study aims to enhance the industry's knowledge and promote effective strategies for managing dust explosions in the milling industry. By analyzing the characteristics, causes, and preventive measures associated with dust explosions in the milling industry, this study seeks to contribute to a better understanding of the risks involved and promote effective risk management strategies and accident prevention. Keywords: dust; explosion; ignition; milling; sources
• cet-13715 by None (None) - Premix manufacturers blend cereals, vitamins, amino acids and mineral products to cover nutritional needs by managing complex formulations. Similar results were obtained by Jiang et al. (2018) when testing Al/NaHCO3 mixtures in the 20L sphere, suggesting that although the conditions of the standard 58 explosibility method estimate most traditional scenarios conservatively, it could lead to overestimating the inerting efficiency of a premix with mineral products and thus miscalculating the safety mitigation measures. Keywords: dust; explosion; inerting; mineral; mixtures; nahco3; particle; psd
• cet-6897 by None (None) - Figure 4: Flame propagation of exploding wire and pyrotechnical igniter for different ignition energies Figure 5: Explosion pressure of niacin as function of dust cloud concentration determined with pyrotechnical igniter and exploding wire with ignition energy of 500 J Figure 6: Explosion pressure rise of niacin as function of dust cloud concentration determined with pyrotechnical igniter and exploding wire with ignition energy of 500 J 707 Table 2: pmax, (dp/dt)max and KSt values for all tested dusts determined with exploding wire and pyrotechnical igniter with ignition energies of 100 J, 500 J, 1000 J and 10 kJ. Dust 100 J 500 J 1000 J 10 kJ Ex. Wire Pyro. 705 Table 1: Ignition energy of igniter determined with the isolation amplifier; ignition source isolating transformer; ignition energy 100 J Determined ignition energies Experiment- No. Outside the apparatus Keywords: dust; energy; explosion; ignition; wire

• Preparation of Nanoparticles of Digoxin Solid Lipid by Luo, Ping; Liu, Yangwu (2017) - Compared with the diffusion of digoxin solution through the dialysis bag membrane, the release of digoxin solid lipid nanoparticles is significantly slowed down, indicating that solid lipid nanoparticles have a sustained release effect on digoxin, and its 72-hour cumulative release is 48.67%. In order to prove the role of solid lipid nanoparticles in oral absorption and bioavailability, the biodegradable monoglyceride with low toxicity and good biocompatibility is used as lipid materials to prepare nanoparticles of digoxin solid lipid and carry out research on polyethylene glycol aimed at the low utilization of digoxin in this research, in order to provide experimental basis for the development of new preparation system of digoxin. Keywords: complex; digoxin; lecithin; lipid; method; nanoparticles; release
• The Effective Application and Research of Foundation Reinforcement in Civil Engineering Construction by Liu, Yonghe; Liu, Yu (2017) - Conclusions In this paper, the theoretical study on the bearing capacity and settlement of loess foundation treated by cement soil pile composite foundation is presented. The cement soil pile composite foundation reinforcement of loess foundation, the upper structure load of single pile composite foundation and the settlement of the basic research contents include pile stress distribution, pile-soil stress ratio, pile and soil between piles and the composite foundation settlement of substratum settlement. Keywords: cement; engineering; foundation; increase; loess; method; soil; strain; strength; stress
• cet-14677 by None (None) - In the present experimental campaign, some precautions have been adopted to prevent a surface oxidation of Sn NPs, according to the following operations: - The liquid holdup (deionized water) has been bubbled with argon for 30 min before adding the capping agents. In particular, Sn NPs stabilized with SA have an average diameter of 18 and 35 nm in case of BM and JM method, respectively. Keywords: agent; capping; diameter; et al; metal; method; nanoparticles; nps; synthesis
• cet-15121 by None (None) - Distribution of incident thermal radiation flux on an exposed storage tank shell from (a) a vertical fire plume, and (b) a tilted fire plume, using the present method. Table 1: Relative differences of incident thermal radiation flux from a vertical fire plume using the present method and the method described by Beyler (2016). Keywords: fire; flame; incident; method; pool; radiation; segments; view
• Slow Release Fertiliser Production from Poultry Manure by Purnomo, C.W.; Indarti, S.; Wulandari, C.; Hinode, H.; Nakasaki, K. (2017) - (a) (b) Figure 3: Release simulation of (a) nutrient from pure poultry manure SRF pellet and (b) poultry manure with urea SRF pellet Table 1: Deff and SSE values from nutrient release simulation model Nutrient source (wt% N) Deff, (× 1,000 cm2/d) SSE (× 10-6) The model compares the release behaviour of nitrogen inside the pellet between only poultry manure SRF and the urea mixture SRF when it was immersed into the water. Keywords: fertiliser; manure; matrix; method; nutrient; pellet; poultry; release; srf; urea
• Identification of Key Patches for Biodiversity Conservation Based on Possibility of Connectivity Method by Yue, Zhang; Bo, Song; Zaiqiang, Liu; Siyu, Lei (2018) - There are a variety of definitions for connectivity, which can be divided into two categories: 1) one referred to the spatial continuity of landscape patches, corridors and matrix (Pelorossoa et al., 2016) which tended to reflect the structure of landscape; 2) the other meaning was the smooth degree of ecological processes between patches (Taylor et al., 1993), which was DOI: 10.3303/CET1864101 Please cite this article as: Yue Zhang , Bo Song , Zaiqiang Liu , Siyu Lei , 2018, Identification of key patches for biodiversity conservation based on possibility of connectivity method, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 64, 601-606 DOI: 10.3303/CET1864101 601 defined from the perspective of landscape functions. The conventional method considers patch area as the only factor that related to biodiversity value. Keywords: area; biodiversity; connectivity; ecosystem; land; landscape; method; patches; use; value
• A Highly-sensitive Voltammetric Sensor for Scutellarin Based On Poly-taurine Film Modified Electrode by Li, Y.; Wei, L.; Du, L.; Zhao, H.; Wang, H. (2017) - For further evaluation of the sensing characteristics, the EIS for bare GCE and poly taurine/GCE were recorded in 5 mM As can be seen from Figure1(b), the semicircles diameter at poly taurine/GCE was smaller than that at bare GCE. Keywords: electrode; figure; gce; method; mol; scutellarin; taurine
• The Image Retrieval Method Based on the Homolographic Block Color Histogram by Xu, G.W.; Xu, L.N.; Li, X.M.; Qi, W.J. (2016) - Before extracting image color feature, the image is segmented in advance, so the space relation is added in certain degree, and color feature has not only the global color information but also the space information. The construction of color space has intuitionistic effect on image color features extraction. Keywords: color; feature; hbch; image; information; method; retrieval; space
• cet-4446 by None (None) - Until very recently, graphical methods are still important tools for synthesis of water network (Zhang et al., 2015), design of hydrogen networks (Yang et al., 2014), planning and design of low carbon product (Mohd Nawi et al., 2014), and targeting and design of multiple utility systems (Wan Alwi et al., 2014). 234 Notation Cmax,in —— the limiting data for inlet concentration, ppm Cmax,out —— the limiting data for outlet concentration, ppm Fmax —— the maximum flow rate of the processes, t/h FOPs —— the processes which use freshwater only M —— the mass load of the processes, g/h Reference Feng X., Bai J., Zheng X.S., 2007, On the use of graphical method to determine the targets of single- contaminant regeneration recycling water systems, Chemical Engineering Science, 62, 2127-2138. Keywords: method; processes; regeneration; stream
• cet-6905 by None (None) - In order to estimate the number of deaths as a result of acute exposure to toxic chemicals, probit functions are used. Probit functions are derived from animal studies according to a specified method. Keywords: expert; functions; interim; method; panel; probit

• cet-12525 by None (None) - A strategy to favor the microbial selection consists in the alternance of excess (feast phase) and absence (famine phase) of the external carbon source. A common strategy to favour the microbial selection consists in the establishment of dynamic feeding conditions, such as the alternance of excess (feast phase) and deficiency (famine phase) of external carbon substrates, that induce growth kinetics limitations favoring the accumulation of PHA. Keywords: conditions; cycle; famine; feast; phase; run; sbr
• cet-14495 by None (None) - Therefore, this study presents a rigorous analysis of hydrate phase equilibrium in systems composed of carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), propane (C3H8) and glycerol (C3H8O3). Validation of the results was carried out by comparing the results obtained in this work with experimental phase equilibrium studies available in the literature. Keywords: ch4; h2o; hydrate; phase; 𝑇 𝑇0
• cet-4342 by None (None) - The simulation model is established based on finite element analysis (FEA) software in order to analyze PMSM’s various operation performance parameters both normal condition and asymmetry condition caused by single-phase power voltage sag, and the experimental and simulation results show that the relationship between output torque and power voltage sag is linear, and the output torque fluctuation is raised with aggravation of power asymmetry level; it is take a long time to make the PMSM run in steady state; the current of fault phase is degraded, and the fluctuation is raised, and the third harmonic of the fault phase is raised so significant compared with normal condition that it can be as a feature for fault diagnosis; the flux linkage of three phases is no remarkable change and the flux linkage of the fault phase has a little more obvious change than the other two phase; the PMSM output torque contains harmonic components caused by negative sequence component, and these results of the paper can provide the basis for catching fault character and regaining healthy operation as fast as possible. PMSM parameters analysis under power voltage asymmetrical fault condition The power voltage is symmetrical normally under normal condition, but when the power grid loads fluctuation or loads asymmetry, inverter power supply system fault or PMSM drive system fault the three-phase power voltage of the PMSM is no longer symmetry. Keywords: condition; current; fault; flux; phase; pmsm; torque; voltage
• cet-5078 by None (None) - The results are described in form of phase diagrams for binary mixtures and surfaces of equilibrium for ternary mixtures, where the equilibrium data and the parameters model was calculated based in the square errors, that are nearly of the experimental data. DOI: 10.3303/CET1543311 Please cite this article as: Rocha S., Silva L., Boros L., Krahenbuhl M.A., Guirardello R., 2015, Development of thermodynamic models and parameters determination of solid liquid equilibrium for binary and ternary fatty acids and esters, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 43, 1861-1866 DOI: 10.3303/CET1543311 1861 The correct determination of phase formation is indispensable for discovery the solid-liquid equilibrium, specifically because important points, like eutectic and peritetic points, which thermodynamic models needs to be capable to represent, more than this, needs to identify when this behavior is present (Inoue et al, 2004 a). Keywords: equilibrium; mixtures; phase; δhf

• Plasticizing Effects of Epoxidized Palm Oil on Mechanical and Thermal Properties of Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-hydroxyvalerate)/Poly(caprolactone) Blends by Ramli, Siti Aishah; Othman, Norhayani; Abu Bakar, Aznizam; Hassan, Azman (2021) - DSC of PHBV/PCL blends clearly show the immiscibility of these two biodegradable polymers, as indicated by two individual melting peaks located at typical temperature value of each melting point; one at about 170 °C attributable to PHBV and the other melt peak located at about 60 °C which is related to PCL melting temperature. The low molecular weight PCL helps in improving the mechanical properties of polymer blends (Jenkins et al., 2007). Keywords: blends; elongation; epo; impact; melting; pcl; phbv; polymer; properties; strength; tensile
• cet-13063 by None (None) - Table 3 presents the same comparison made for kerosene, but now for diesel S10, and Figure 2 also shows the comparison between SimDis-HT and experimental curves for diesel S10. This increase of space between the points at higher temperatures were also noticed by Meireles in 2017 when the authors compared experimental curves with a prediction software. Keywords: blends; diesel; kerosene; properties; simdis
• cet-13498 by None (None) - ISBN 979-12-81206-01-4; ISSN 2283-9216 Development of High Protein Tomato Soup Using Milk Protein Concentrate and Pea Protein Isolate Mahrokh Jamshidvand, Niall Gallen, Maria Dermiki* Department of Health and Nutritional Sciences, Atlantic Technological University, Sligo, Ireland Maria.dermiki@atu.ie This study aimed to explore the development of a high protein tomato soup to address the nutritional needs of older adults who require higher levels of protein compared to the general population. A significant increase in pH, apparent viscosity, and L*and b* values and a decrease in a*value for colour were observed with the addition of protein in the tomato soup. Keywords: colour; liking; mpc; ppi; properties; protein; soup; techno; tomato; tomato soup
• cet-13499 by None (None) - 1426 ± 42b 943 ± 21a 905 ± 26a 675 ± 43c G e la ti n i- z a ti o n Tmaximum (°C) 63.1 ± 0.2a 63.0 ± 0.2a 58.7 ± 0.2b 57.2 ± 0.4b 59.3 ± 0.7b Tonset (°C) 54.6 ± 0.5a 55.7 ± 0.3a 49.4 ± 0.5b 48.8 ± 0.0b 49.98 ± 0.7b Range Temp (°C) 25.0 ± 1.2a 22.0 ± 0.6a 27.9 ± 0.6a 27.2 ± 1.9a 25.3 ± 0.3a ΔH (Jg-1) 11.7 ± 0.3a 11.6 ± 0.5a 10.8 ± 0.5a 12.6 ± 0.6a 11.6 ± 0.0a R e tr o g ra - d a ti o n Tmaximum (°C) 45.2 ± 0.5a 46.0 ± 0.7a 46.2 ± 0.0a 45.6 ± 0.6a 45.0 ± 0.2a Tonset (°C) 34.0 ± 0.0a 35.8 ± 3.1a 35.8 ± 0.1a 34.8 ± 0.6a 35.1 ± 0.2a Range Temp. The crystallinity of the samples was similar, mean estimated at 31.8% ± 4.5. Keywords: amylose; chenopodium; content; grains; kanihua; properties; quinoa; starch; starches
• cet-13531 by None (None) - dFood Research Center (FoRC), University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil bel@usp.br Native starch has limitations such as low water solubility and high viscosity. Quinoa starch suspensions (10wt%, db) were submitted to the modification process by the application of ozone at different times (OGT = 10, 20 and 30 min), with native starch as the control. Keywords: min; ogt; ozone; properties; quinoa; starch; starches
• cet-15089 by None (None) - SEM images confirmed that PCL+PPy scaffolds maintained a fibrous and porous structure, with a reduced average fiber diameter compared to pure PCL scaffolds, enhancing porosity and surface area. PPy incorporation enhances scaffold uniformity and reduces average diameter compared to pure PCL scaffolds, which is beneficial for tissue formation, mechanical behavior, and facilitating charge transport critical for electrical conductivity in CTE. Keywords: diameter; electrospun; engineering; fiber; pcl; pcl+ppy; polypyrrole; ppy; properties; scaffolds; tissue
• cet-15416 by None (None) - al., (2022), who used different ratios of plasticizer to improve the mechanical properties of starch films, or Hashem et. Hashem et al., (2023), reported soil degradation of composite films made of hydroxypropyl starch, polyvinyl alcohol and zinc oxide nanoparticles and observed biodegradation percentages of 85% to hydroxypropyl starch film and between 70% to 80 % to the composite’s films. Keywords: films; formulations; oxide; properties; starch; zinc; zno
• cet-15419 by None (None) - This made it an interesting candidate for the preparation of polymer composites. The incorporation of commercial CaCO3 into PP matrix to compare with aragonite recovered from the mine wastewater is a subject of ongoing investigations. Keywords: aragonite; calcium; composites; ebws; matrix; particles; polymer; properties
• cet-15455 by None (None) - Design value of liner Design value of propellant Test conditions Tensile Strength (MPa) ≥1.20 ≥0.60 25 °C, 100mm/min Elongation (%) ≥150.0 ≥35.0 25 °C, 100mm/min Density (kg/m3) ≤1,200 ≥1,750 25 °C 3.1 Mechanical Properties of Liner Tensile strength tests indicated that as the curing parameter increased, the tensile strength also increased, as shown in Figure 2. Various curing parameters were tested, with Rt values for the propellant (0.75 to 1.55) and liner (0.90 to 1.70). Keywords: bond; figure; groups; liner; propellant; properties; strength
• cet-15619 by None (None) - La mineralogía en la estimación de las temperaturas de los incendios forestales y sus efectos inmediatos en Andosoles, Estado de México. Element Weight % Atomic % C 45.23 53.67 O 50.01 44.45 Mg 0.35 0.20 K 0.58 0.21 Ca 3.84 1.23 Total 100 2.3 Method For the preparation of the concrete mix designed to achieve a compressive strength of f’c = 280 Kg/cm², Portland cement (Sol Type I) was used, along with aggregates sourced from the Carapongo quarry, which were characterized according to Peruvian technical standards (PTS), and prickly pear cactus ash. Keywords: addition; ash; cactus; concrete; pear; ppca; properties; results; sample; strength
• Role of Structure of the Pp/Magnetite Nanocomposites on Their Thermal Properties by Maharramov, A.; Ramazanov, M.; Di Palma, L.; Hajiyeva, F.; Shirinova, H.; Hasanova, U. (2017) - For use of polymer nanocomposites at a relatively high temperature conditions, their thermal stability is of great importance. Influence of magnetite nanoparticles weight content on the thermal stability of polypropylene Sample Initial decomposition temperature(oС) Half decomposition temperature (oС) Final decomposition temperature (oС) PP 237,0 458,37 475,64 PP +5%Fe3O4 306.4 455.74 477.65 PP +10%Fe3O4 305.83 458.67 480.89 PP +20%Fe3O4 334.24 488.44 495.6 To study the thermal phase transitions of polymeric nanocomposites based on PP and Fe3O4, the differential scanning calorimetry (DSC)measurementswere carried, which allows to define the degree of crystallinity, glass transition temperature, melting and crystallinity temperatures. Keywords: fe3o4; magnetite; nanocomposites; nanoparticles; polymer; polypropylene; properties
• Synthesis Structure and Optical Properties of PP+PbS/CdS Hybrid Nanocomposites by Novruzova, A.; Ramazanov, M.; Chianese, A.; Hajiyeva, F.; Maharramov, A.; Hasanova, U. (2017) - 8 (a), peaks at 511 nm and 560 nm wavelengths belong to CdS nanoparticles. Materials 16(11), 926-929 SinghV.,SharmaP.K., ChouhanP., 2010.Surfactant mediated phase transformation of CdS nanoparticles. Keywords: cds; figure; nanocomposites; polymer; pp+pbs; properties
• Preparation and Properties of Graphene/Nanocopper Reinforced Epoxy Resin Composites by Li, Z.; Chen, Y.; Bi, C. (2017) - Finally, the excellent mechanics capability and heat resistance of EP/graphene/Cu composites will add immensely to the development and research of the modification of epoxy resin. On the one hand, because of these excellent performances, epoxy resin has been commonly used as matrix and nanostructured fillers that are suitable to modify the material properties. Keywords: composites; content; epoxy; epoxy resin; graphene; properties; resin

• cet-15080 by None (None) - The study found that although there is a significant correlation between various factors of institutional trust at the national level, there is no meaningful relationship between general and institutional trust across the examined countries (Czech Republic, Hungary, Slovakia, and Poland). The analysis found that institutional trust is influenced more by endogenous factors, such as perceived governance effectiveness and citizen satisfaction, than by general trust. Keywords: citizens; countries; governance; government; institutional; level; performance; study; sustainability; trust
• cet-15682 by None (None) - The study focuses on a 2 km radius around TODA stations with elevation variation analysis in assessing e-trike performance and it is randomly selected using GARMIN application from TODA stations to the diverse residential destinations. Lastly, the study recommended e-trike models from DOE’s registered EV list if there are no e-trikes available in the area. Keywords: consumption; electric; energy; grade; gradients; performance; philippines; trike
• cet-15736 by None (None) - The weight of Hungarian agricultural enterprises in the national economy According to the Hungarian Central Statistical Office (KSH) (2024), the number of agricultural enterprises has been declining steadily in recent years. This study examines the economic and financial performance of a sample of Hungarian agricultural enterprises between 2019 and 2023, with particular emphasis on the rate of sustainable development. Keywords: companies; competitiveness; enterprises; hungarian; number; operating; performance; reporting; sustainability; 𝐸𝐵𝑇; 𝑆𝑁𝑅
• cet-4047 by None (None) - Shear wall structure to ensure the overall stiffness of building structures, seismic action can be effectively transmitted to the foundation, the structure itself is protected from damage or reduce the extent of the damage, which will help after the earthquake repair (Marthong, 2013). 7- Shear the lower wall of prefabricated wall panel; 8- vertical slurry anchor reinforcement; 9- reinforced horizontal distribution; 10- stirrups 1094 The combination of shear wall structure in different parts of different connectivity features requirements, using two different methods of mixing steel connection joint construction process, construction of shear walls on both sides of the edge member or restrict the use of the side edge member structure is basically the same cast connection, connection reliability solve important edge member; vertical shear for the central distribution of steel parts used to facilitate the connection of vertical steel anchors indirect pulp lap connection method to solve the construction of convenience. Keywords: concrete; connection; horizontal; performance; shear; shear wall; structure; value; wall
• cet-4757 by None (None) - For the purpose of developing a branch and country/region specific reference SME, statistical data on energy consumption desegregated by fuels and SMEs value added was obtained in correspondence with the regional/national statistical authorities. However, the success of the follow-up and fine tuning process largely depends on dedication and commitment of the SMEs and their willingness to sustainably change established patterns of energy consumption. Keywords: 3emt; benchmark; category; consumption; energy; indicators; performance; smes; sustainability; tool
• Nanosheets Self-Assembled 3D LiFeO4/Graphene as Cathode Material for Lithium-Ion Batteries by Lou, xiaoming; Huang, Jiali; Li, Tanping (2018) - Compared with pure FeO4 material, FeO4/GP composite effectively improves the electrochemical property of the material. FeO4 nanoflowers and graphene nanosheets are interconnected to form a 3D network structure, so that graphene can effectively wrap the FeO4 nanoflowers, and the excellent flexibility of graphene can effectively buffer the volume expansion of FeO4 anode material during charging and discharging, so as to improve the cycle performance of the material. Keywords: batteries; capacity; composite; feo4; graphene; ion; lithium; material; nanosheets; performance

• The Demand & Supply Balance Analysis for Organic Matter of the Agricultural Waste in Yongcheng City by Zhou, Qingsheng; Wang, Yao; Han, Tao; Li, Yali; Zhang, Yichuan (2017) - For the OM demands for soil and OM resources quantity for the 6 townships and 23 towns as the objects of study, refer to the calculation results in Figure 1. 1323 Figure 1: OM demands in soils and OM resources in the studies areas (Ten thousand tons/year) (2013) 1324 Figure 1 shows, the OM demands for soil is less than the OM resources quantity in the studied areas, all presenting the supply over demand. Where: Dij: OM resource quantity in livestock excrements (t/year) Keywords: agricultural; livestock; quantity; resources; soil; supply; wastes
• Greenhouses Plants as a Landmark for Research and Innovation: the Combination of Agricultural and Energy Purposes in Italy by Colantoni, A.; Zambon, I.; Cecchini, M.; Marucci, A.; Piacentini, L.; Feltrini, S.; Monarca, D. (2017) - Nothing has been done to evaluate PV greenhouse plants as a part of the agricultural landscape with a potential energy, due to restricted database and very local research studies (e.g. Sgroi, et al., 2014; Tudisca et al., 2013). With PV trend, national and regional administrations have planned several limitations useful to prevent speculative episodes regarding PV greenhouses (GSE, 2014). Keywords: energy; et al; greenhouses; italy; land; plants; sealing; soil
• cet-14794 by None (None) - Moreover, soil biology plays a fundamental role in its structure and composition, with organic matter decomposed by soil microorganisms that release nutrients for plants (Valdez-Nuñez et al., 2019). Kandeler E., Gerber H., 1988, Short-term assay of soil urease activity using colorimetric determination of ammonium, Biology and Fertility of Soils, 6, 68–72. Keywords: activity; afc1; agroforestry; experiment; microorganisms; soil; treatments
• cet-14969 by None (None) - Data from previous studies focusing on the effects of biochar application on crop yield can be used to find trends, patterns, and correlations between the different parameters involved by using artificial intelligence. This section discusses how the rules were generated and evaluated to determine the percentage change in crop yield after subjecting the soil to biochar application. Keywords: application; biochar; change; crop; crop yield; pyrolysis; rule; set; soil; yield
• cet-15102 by None (None) - Among them, we could cite the European guidelines on baseline reports for IED installations (2014/C 136/03), the Joint Research Centre’s Report on environmental monitoring (JRC, ROM- 2018), the Ministerial Decree 95/2019 and the SNPA Guidelines n.48/2023, as relevant for the topic. In section 3 the final checklist to assess IED baseline reports is outlined, while section 4 concludes the paper addressing further research works. Keywords: baseline; european; ied; installations; operator; reference; soil
• cet-15452 by None (None) - The results showed that, Sesuvium portulacastrum was able to reduce soil salinity from 5.58 to 3.30 mS/cm and from 5.58 to 1.06 mS/cm in 30 and 63 days, respectively. The salinity reduction efficiency of Sesuvium portulacastrum in saline soil reflects favorable effects, evidencing that in 30 days it reaches a value of 41%, and in 63 days 81%. Keywords: aptenia; days; et al; portulacastrum; saline; salinity; sesuvium; sesuvium portulacastrum; soil
• cet-7326 by None (None) - untitled CHEMICAL ENGINEERING TRANSACTIONS VOL. 27, 2012 A publication of The Italian Association of Chemical Engineering Online at: www.aidic.it/cet ������� ���� ���� ������ ���������������������������� ����������� ����� ����!�#$���%&%��'��� � �'(�(�(�� �����)*+/++/)3<#+/$+/$=������$)*>/)*)$������������������������������������������������������������������������������������ Application of the Biosurfactant produced by Candida lipolytica in the Remediation of Heavy Metals Raquel D. Rufino, Juliana M. Luna, Galba M. Campos-Takaki, Sílvio R.M. Ferreira; Leonie A. Sarubbo* Centre of Science and Technology, Catholic University of Pernambuco, Rua do Príncipe, n. 526, Boa Vista, Cep: 50050-900, Recife-Pernambuco, Brazil leonie@unicap.br Soil that is accidentally contaminated with petroleum hydrocarbons can be remediated by physical, chemical, or biological methods. Hong K.J., Tokunaga S., Kajiuchi T., 2002, Evaluation of remediation process with plant-derived biosurfactant for recovery of heavy metals from contaminated soils, Chemosphere, 49, 379-387. Keywords: $)*>/)*)$ �; biosurfactant; mgso4 �; soil; www.aidic.it/cet �; � $)*>/)*)$; � 7h2o; � application; � �

• cet-1156 by None (None) - Cement-based permeable crystalline waterproof coating is a kind of cement concrete waterproof material, which contains the chemical active substances as water a carrier to penetrate into the concrete. It can be used as the base material of polymer cement waterproof coating. Keywords: cement; coating; healing; material; pool; self; swimming; waterproof
• cet-13094 by None (None) - This work evaluates the methodology to obtain a biomaterial that replaces expanded polystyrene through mycelium using wheat bran and malt bran as substrates. Regarding the proportions of 75 % of malt bran and 25 % of wheat bran, it was the one that best-achieved colonization by the fungus for both replicates (see Figure 1 (c) - (d)); unlike the other mixtures, this could be favored by the amount of moisture provided by the malt bran, where from a characterization of this, it was observed that it has moisture of 80 %. Keywords: biofoil; bran; malt; malt bran; material; mycelium; ostreatus; wheat; wheat bran
• cet-13716 by None (None) - Charge generation due to separation cannot be entirely prevented because the origin of charge lies in the physics and chemistry at the interface of materials (as a rule of thumb, the greater the energy, speed and pressure of contact, the greater will be the level of charge generation). 2.2 Charge accumulation Accumulation of electrostatic charge occurs when charge is added to an object at a rate faster than it can be discharged. Keywords: charge; discharge; dust; energy; generation; material; static
• cet-14339 by None (None) - Horváth R., Major Z., 2023, Examination of rail stresses arising in the railway rail-wheel connection. Materials and railway track experts at Széchenyi University have been working on the subject of HC defects in rail heads for several years. Keywords: contact; defects; head; life; maintenance; material; rail; results; wheel
• cet-15726 by None (None) - In addition to surface characterization, film thickness is a crucial parameter for evaluating coating quality. Figure 2 – Representations of spin coated films: (a) no visible defects; (b) grains; (c) pinholes; (d) incomplete coverage; (e) uneven thickness; (f) streaks; (g) rotor mark and (h) thick edges. Keywords: coating; deposition; et al; film; kalafatis et; material; spin; substrate; thickness; tyona
• Application of Director in Organic Chemistry Experiment by Mao, Yuang; Huang, Chao (2017) - Experimental procedure 2.1 Selection of tools for producing organic chemistry experiment software In the early stages of software development, consideration should be fully taken to select the development tools. Teaching software interface is designed by Photoshop software in the composition of pictures. Keywords: chemistry; chemistry experiment; director; experiment; interface; material; multimedia; software; teaching; technology
• cet-839 by None (None) - Yu X.H., Wang Y., Zhan Z.L., Liu Z., 2014, A correlation between vacancy formation energy and bonding energy, Transactions of materials and heat treatment, 36, 230-232, DOI: 10.1016/0036-9748(75)90564-5 Yu X.H., Zhan Z.L., Rong J., Liu Z., Li L., 2014, Vacancy formation energy and size effects, Chemical Physics Letters, 600, 43-45, DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2014.03.046 Zhang X.Y., Zhao X.C., Jia C., Liu Q., 2008, A new method for calculating the vacancy formation energy of typical-structure metals, Journal of Chongqing University, (12), 1342-1345. According to the research results, vacancy formation energy and Young modulus are the external reflection of the binding energy with a regular linear relationship between them, and the proportionality coefficient ranges from 0.005 to 0.008. Keywords: energy; formation; formation energy; material; modulus; vacancy; young

• cet-11936 by None (None) - √ √ √ √ √ √ Nallusamy et al. (2015) √ √ √ Edtmayr et al. (2016) √ √ √ √ √ √ Garza-Reyes et al. (2018) √ √ √ Hartini et al. (2018) √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ Choudhary et al. (2019) √ √ Gholami et al. (2019) √ √ √ Maqbool et al. (2019) √ Muñoz-Villamizar et al. (2019) √ √ √ √ √ Hartini et al. (2020) √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ Marie et al. (2020) √ √ √ √ √ √ Samant and Prakash (2020) √ √ √ √ Gholami et al. (2021) √ √ √ √ Viles et al. (2021) √ Selected indicators √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ Cost: C1 Time; C2 Cost; C3 Inventory; C4 Quality compliance and product defect; C5 Changeover time Environmental: E1 Material consumption; E2 Energy consumption; E3 Waste recycling; E4 Water consumption; E5 Hazard material; E6 Air pollution Social: S1 Satisfaction level; S2 Work environment: noise level and lighting level; S3 Physical work: activity with risk and lost workday; S4 Employee training 860 2. DOI: 10.3303/CET2188143 Paper Received: 1 June 2021; Revised: 6 September 2021; Accepted: 3 October 2021 Please cite this article as: Sari E., Marie I.A., Erika E., Chofreh A.G., Goni F.A., Klemeš J.J., Zeinalnezhad M., 2021, Lean Sustainable Competitive Manufacturing Strategy Assessment: A Case Study in the Indonesian Car Manufacturing Company, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 88, 859-864 DOI:10.3303/CET2188143 CHEMICAL ENGINEERING TRANSACTIONS VOL. 88, 2021 A publication of The Italian Association of Chemical Engineering Online at www.cetjournal.it Guest Editors: Petar S. Varbanov, Yee Van Fan, Jiří J. Klemeš Copyright © 2021, AIDIC Servizi S.r.l. Keywords: et al; manufacturing; study; sustainability; svsm; value; √ √
• cet-14345 by None (None) - A publication of The Italian Association of Chemical Engineering Online at www.cetjournal.it Guest Editors: Petar S. Varbanov, Bohong Wang, Petro Kapustenko Copyright © 2023, AIDIC Servizi S.r.l. ISBN 979-12-81206-07-6; ISSN 2283-9216 Sustainability Objectives and Central Banks Gábor Hulkó, János Kálmán*, András Lapsánszky István Széchenyi University, 9026 Egyetem tér 1, Győr, Hungary kalman.janos@sze.hu This article examines how addressing climate-related risks and supporting mitigation and adaptation policies fit into central bank mandates. In some cases, there may be political or institutional barriers to amending central bank mandates. Keywords: banks; central; climate; mandates; monetary; policy; risks; stability; sustainability
• cet-14355 by None (None) - Hungarian horse breeds are submitted with the case study of Bábolna National Stud Farm. In two decades, a heavier riding horse, also useful as a medium carriage horse type, emerged that was clearly distinct from other horses and met the requirements of private breeding demands as well. Keywords: arabian; breeding; breeds; bábolna; equine; farm; grazing; horses; hungary; industry; stud; sustainability
• cet-14357 by None (None) - It is generally accepted that green jobs are those that contribute in some way to the preservation or restoration of the natural environment. The novelty of the research lies in the detailed analysis of green jobs and green-collar jobs and the labor market communication of these concepts, which may also answer the question of whether the green attributes of the jobs or the jobs themselves are attractive to prospective employees. Keywords: advertisements; branding; companies; company; employees; employer; hungary; job; jobs; organizations; research; sustainability
• cet-14367 by None (None) - The Ladoméri Farm Association was registered as an association in 2010 to pursue community development and cultural and nature conservation activities. (in Hungarian) Vercseg I., 2020, Community and participation, Theory of community development and the practice of community work, ELTE Faculty of Social Sciences, Community and Civil Studies Master's, Budapest. Keywords: community; development; kimle; life; mecsér; organizations; resources; settlement; sustainability; szigetköz; village
• cet-14370 by None (None) - kecskesg@ga.sze.hu The study deals with the legal implications and core meaning of environmental sustainability. By giving an in-depth analysis of the entire legal background of environmental sustainability, the study reveals the relevant normative basis of this concept in international law. Keywords: development; goals; implementation; law; nations; sdgs; states; sustainability; united; world
• cet-14372 by None (None) - It is concluded that although forestry companies publish some level of information and pay more attention to the disclosure of this type of information than agricultural companies, there is a slight gap in both sectors. While forestry companies have an average of 410 employees, agricultural companies employ an average of 301 people. Keywords: activities; average; companies; forestry; hungarian; information; reporting; sustainability
• cet-14374 by None (None) - Environmental sustainability refers to maintaining biodiversity, preserving natural resources, and reducing emissions to ensure a healthy environment for future generations (Theis and Tomkin, 2015). Based on the connecting scientific literature, it is revealed that the ways to implement sustainability actions are well described, although its realization in everyday actions is less discussed. Keywords: activities; barriers; development; education; istván; sustainability; széchenyi; universities; university
• cet-14728 by None (None) - Anna Pääkkönen Finnish Safety and Chemicals Agency, Industrial Processes, Yliopistonkatu 38, 33100 Tampere, Finland anna.paakkonen@tukes.fi The European Green Deal the EU Corporate Sustainability Reporting Directive (CSRD) requires all large (> 500 employees) and listed companies apart from SMEs to report on sustainability. The CRSD requires all large (> 500 employees) and listed companies apart from SMEs to report on sustainability. Keywords: chemicals; companies; european; handling; questionnaire; questions; survey; sustainability

• cet-13093 by None (None) - All samples were stored at -20 °C until anaerobic digestion tests. 1. Introduction Disposal of olive mill wastewater (OMW) on agricultural lands is a controversial question, mostly because of the contrasting effects of OMW on physicochemical (Comegna et al., 2022) and biological (Magdich, 2013) soil properties due to the high organic matter content and the large volumes produced in a short period of time. Keywords: biochar; biogas; cod; digestion; l-1; olive; omw
• cet-13191 by None (None) - For the equipment costs, the variation of reforming section costs is more significant than the syngas conditioning expenses (an increase of 10% of reformer costs, compared to a decrease of around 1% for the syngas condition equipment cost). A sensitivity analysis on the most biogas composition was performed to study the impact on process costs and technical parameters. Keywords: biogas; conditioning; costs; psa; pswa; syngas; unit

• cet-12794 by None (None) - Afterwards, pristine graphene nanoplatelets solution was added drop by drop at 1% (w/v). Chem G., Thomas M. S., Pillai P. K. S., Farrowc S. C., Pothan L. A., Thomas, S. (2021). Keywords: engineering; figure; graphene; mls1; npcl; pvp+g; tissue
• cet-14344 by None (None) - Theory – Stair climbing aid devices In this section, different stair-climbing aid devices are reviewed. For elderly people, a daily activity, climbing stairs, might be difficult. Keywords: body; climbing; crutch; device; energy; engineering; force; people; stair; user
• Developing of KUKA youBot Software for Education Process by Mikhalevich, S.; Krinitsyn, N.; Manenti, F.; Kurochkin, V.; Baydali, S. (2017) - Robot programming software So, KUKA youBot platform with robotic-arm was chosen for testing. Keywords: area; education; engineering; ides; kuka; motion; platform; programming; robot; robotics; software; youbot
• About a Novel Production Method for N-Doped Magnetic Nanocore Nanoparticles of Titania by Means of a Spinning Disk Reactor by Stoller, M.; Vuppala, S.; Matarangolo, M.; Vaiano, V.; Sannino, D.; Chianese, A.; Cianfrini, C. (2017) - The use of magnetic core TiO2 nanoparticles offers a solution to this problem. ISBN 978-88-95608- 50-1; ISSN 2283-9216 About a Novel Production Method for N-Doped Magnetic Nanocore Nanoparticles of Titania by Means of a Spinning Disk Reactor Marco Stoller*a, Srikanth Vuppalab, Mariantonietta Matarangoloc, Vincenzo Vaianoc, Diana Sanninoc, Angelo Chianesea, Claudio Cianfrinib a Sapienza University of Rome, Dept. of Chemical Engineering Materials Environment, Via Eudossiana 18, Rome, Italy b Sapienza University of Rome, Dept. of Astronautics Electrical and Energy Engineering,Via Eudossiana 18, Rome, Italy c University of Salerno, Dept. of Industrial Engineering, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, 84084 Fisciano(SA), Italy marco.stoller@uniroma1.it This study reports a novel approach to produce nitrogen doped magnetic core TiO2 nanoparticles (N- TiO2/FM). Keywords: engineering; fe3o4; light; magnetic; nanoparticles; phenol; tio2
• cet-4052 by None (None) - Theory DOI: 10.3303/CET1651188 Please cite this article as: Wei L.W., 2016, Research on tunnel engineering geological exploration system based on tunnel seismic predication and ground-penetrating radar, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 51, 1123-1128 DOI:10.3303/CET1651188 1123 and practice have make know, that TSP method mainly reflects the rock’s mechanical property so belongs to the long distance geological forecast, and its detecting effects is better to the layered media, but detecting effect is unperfected on mini type karst, its interpret to the long distance is not enough accurate. With application of advanced detecting methods in home and abroad, to forecast unfavourable geological structures in front of working face, accurately and in time, many sensors are currently investigated for this demand, for example ground-penetrating radar(GPR), tunnel GPR is a quick, continuous and non-destructive geophysical prospecting method. Keywords: engineering; fault; fracture; gpr; groundwater; rock; structure; tsp; tunnel

• cet-15022 by None (None) - At steady steam demand, scenario 1 (no integration between the integrated steam hub facility and other steam utility plants), while scenario 2 (the integration with multiple steam utility plants), and scenario 3 (the integration of multiple steam utility plants and a renewable energy-based utility plant). This study focuses on modeling and optimizing the integration of existing steam utility plants into an integrated steam hub facility through Linear Programming (LP) approach. Keywords: energy; hub; industrial; integration; optimization; plants; scenario; steam; utility

• cet-13711 by None (None) - Further investigation will be needed to address the effect of vertical obstacles on the shape and dimensions of jet fires, where the Coandă effect may play a relevant role. 4. Conclusions The effect of the ground proximity on ignited subsonic jets was studied using FDS to characterize the main dimensions of horizontal methane jet fires considering different release heights and flowrates. Keywords: effect; extension; fire; flame; ground; jet; jets; methane
• cet-14671 by None (None) - The samples of selected fire retardants (20 g) were fed into the furnace in the boat travelling at 40 mm/min. The yields of carbon oxide (CO), hydrogen cyanide (HCN), formaldehyde (HCOH), nitrogen oxides (NOx) and light hydrocarbons were determined using a gas analyser: However, it is more recognized that there is also a need to assess the environmental impact of toxic compounds within fire effluents. Keywords: decomposition; degradation; effluents; fire; flame; products; retardants; tbbpa
• cet-14674 by None (None) - 327 The temperature conditions of battery storage are related to the hazards associated with their construction and the possibility of thermal runaway. The composition of batteries is manufacturer-specific. Keywords: batteries; battery; directive; energy; fire; ion; ion batteries; lithium; regulation; runaway; substances
• cet-14780 by None (None) - Numerous studies have been conducted and assessed for geometrical flame features of jet flames as it imposed dangers where nearby equipment is included. Figure 1 Projected flame height of horizontal jet flames Keywords: figure; fire; flame; height; impingement; impinging; jet; release; zhang
• Mathematical Modelling of Wildland Fires Initiation and Spread Using a Coupled Atmosphere-Forest Fire Setting by Perminov, Valeriy A. (2018) - The aim of the present paper is to study the behaviour of crown forest fires propagating through crown canopy and to study the mutual influence of crown forest fires and boundary layer of atmosphere using numerical simulation with a physics-based model and improvement of knowledge on the fundamental physical mechanisms that control forest fire spread. However, the investigation of crown fires initiation has been limited mainly to cases without taking into account the interaction of crown forest fires with boundary layer of atmosphere. Keywords: crown; fire; forest; r r;  ;  