







































Children and Teenagers 
ISSN 2576-3709 (Print) ISSN 2576-3717 (Online) 

Vol. 7, No. 1, 2024 
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1 
 

Original Paper 

Navigating Wellbeing and Coping: Quantitative Analysis of The 

Experiences of Teenager of Infidel Parents in Ibadan 
Toluwanimi P. Esan1 & Yemisi L. Olaleye1* 

1 Department of Social Work, University of Ibadan, Oyo, Nigeria 
* Yemisi L. Olaleye, Department of Social Work, University of Ibadan, Oyo, Nigeria 

 

Received: November 6, 2023    Accepted: December 2, 2023   Online Published: December 29, 2023 

doi:10.22158/ct.v7n1p1                               URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.22158/ct.v7n1p1 

 

Abstract 

Infidelity has a pervasive impact on social systems, but none is more affected than the nuclear family. 

However, existing studies have not explicitly focused on the experience of teenagers in low and 

middle-income countries like Nigeria. Hence, this study explored the psychosocial wellbeing and 

coping mechanism of teenagers with infidel parents in Ibadan. The study used descriptive survey 

research; 200 teenagers were selected through purposive sampling technique in secondary schools in 

Ibadan metropolis. A validated questionnaire (parental Infidelity, and psychosocial Wellbeing 

Questionnaire) was used. Data was analyzed at 0.05 level of significance, using inferential statistics. 

The study indicated that parental infidelity negatively affects the psychosocial wellbeing of teenagers in 

Ibadan Metropolis (F (2/196) = 26.3 < 0.05); the multiple regression indicates that coping skills such 

as problem-focused, emotion-focused, and avoidant coping affects wellbeing of teenagers who have 

experienced parental infidelity in Ibadan Metropolis (P< 0.05). In conclusion, children experiencing 

parental infidelity utilize problem-focused coping skills, while there was a negative wellbeing among 

teenage from infidel parents. Hence, social workers should help teenagers with infidel parents to cope 

while navigating live stressors through innovative social work skills. 

Keywords 

parental Infidelity, psychosocial wellbeing, coping mechanisms, teenagers 

 

1. Introduction 

Adolescence is a critical developmental period characterized by significant physical, cognitive, 

emotional, and social changes. During this phase, individuals are particularly susceptible to the 

influence of their family, peers, and community, which can profoundly impact their psychological and 

emotional wellbeing. In diverse societies such as Nigeria, where religious beliefs often play a central 



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role in individuals’ lives, the experiences of teenagers from families with non-faith orientations require 

careful examination. The wellbeing and coping of teenagers of infidel parents has become an important 

area of research because the experience of infidelity is a stressor that does not only affect the couple but 

also the children. Infidelity has been defined as the “breach of trust and/or violation of agreed upon 

norms” (Blow & Hartnett, 2005) within a romantically, sexually, and emotionally exclusive 

monogamous relationship. Infidelity, also known as extramarital affairs, can have profound and 

detrimental effects on married couples and their relationships. Infidelity in marriage not only affects the 

couple directly involved but also has significant repercussions on children, teenagers, and adults (Mark 

& Janssen, 2019). 

Previous studies have examined the effects of infidelity on married couples; the study by Mark and 

Janssen (2019) indicated that infidelity can lead to a breakdown of trust, emotional distress, and 

significant conflicts within marriage. The impact of infidelity on the marital bond may result in a 

higher likelihood of separation and divorce (Amato & Previti, 2003) In addition, feelings of betrayal, 

anger, and sadness, which can lead to a loss of intimacy and emotional connection between partners has 

been reported in the betrayed spouse (Whisman & Snyder, 2007). Also, the effects of infidelity in 

marriage on children and adults have been reported in previous studies (Amato, 2010; Finzi-Dottan & 

Cohen, 2018). 

Religious beliefs and practices have historically constituted a cornerstone of Nigeria’s social, cultural, 

and psychological life. However, shifting global trends and increased exposure to different worldviews 

have given rise to a growing number of families with non-faith or alternative belief systems, including 

atheism, agnosticism, and secular humanism. Consequently, adolescents raised in such households may 

grapple with unique challenges and opportunities in the realm of wellbeing and coping mechanisms. 

Despite the general awareness of the impact of religious beliefs on mental health and coping strategies, 

limited empirical research has explored the experiences of teenagers in non-faith families within the 

Nigerian context. For children, the revelation of infidelity within their parents’ relationship can be 

highly distressing and traumatic. Witnessing parental conflict and experiencing the emotional aftermath 

of infidelity can lead to feelings of insecurity, anxiety, and a sense of betrayal (Finzi-Dottan & Cohen, 

2018). Amaro reported that infidelity can weaken the parent-child bond as the adults’ focus may shift 

away from their children due to the intense emotional turmoil they are experiencing (Amaro, 2010). 

Yet, there have been few examinations of the effect marriage infidelity can have on teenagers’ 

psychosocial well-being and coping mechanism. Practically, the insights gained from this research can 

inform mental health professionals, educators, and policymakers about the needs and resources 

required to support this understudied population’s mental and emotional growth. Additionally, on a 

societal level, understanding the challenges and strengths of teenagers from non-faith families 

contributes to the ongoing discourse on religious diversity, tolerance, and pluralism in multicultural 

societies like Nigeria. Hence, this study aims to unravel the impact of parental infidelity on the 



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wellbeing and coping of teenagers in Ibadan using appropriate data collection instruments and report 

their coping mechanisms. 

 

2. Research Hypotheses 

Ho1: There is no significant effect of parental infidelity on the psychosocial wellbeing of teenagers in 

Ibadan Metropolis. 

Ho2: There is significant effect of coping skills (problem-focused, emotion-focused, and avoidant) on 

wellbeing of teenagers with infidel parents in Ibadan Metropolis. 

 

3. Methods and Designs 

3.1 Research Design 

The study is a cross-sectional design, and a descriptive survey research design was adopted. It is 

suitable for this research because it helps to describe, record, analyze and interpret the conclusion that 

exists in the study. It is described as the plan structure and strategies of investigation concerned so as to 

obtain answers to research questions which will elicit information on the survey of the coping 

mechanisms and psychosocial wellbeing of teenagers who experience parental infidelity in Ibadan 

Metropolis. 

3.2 Population 

The target population for the study consists of teenagers in schools and communities within Ibadan 

South-West Local Government Area, Ibadan Metropolis. Ibadan South-West Local Government Area is 

one of the local government areas in Ibadan Metropolis, Nigeria. Ibadan is the capital city of Oyo State in 

southwestern Nigeria and is one of the largest cities in the country. The city is known for its historical 

significance, cultural heritage, and academic institutions. 

Ibadan South-West Local Government Area is a political subdivision within the larger city of Ibadan. 

Local government areas in Nigeria are administrative units that facilitate the governance and provision of 

public services at the grassroots level. These areas are further divided into wards, which are the smallest 

units of local administration. 

Ibadan South-West Local Government Area likely encompasses a portion of the southern and western 

parts of the Ibadan Metropolis. The local government administration is responsible for various services 

and development projects within its jurisdiction, including health care, education, infrastructure, waste 

management, and more. 

3.3 Sample and Sampling Technique 

A purposive sampling technique was used to select 200 teenagers for the study. The purposive sampling 

technique was used because the respondents shared common criteria. 5 wards were used for the study; 

40 respondents were selected from each ward which makes 200 the total number of respondents used 

for the study. 



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3.4 Instruments 

The research instrument for the study is a single questionnaire tagged Parental Infidelity and 

Psychosocial Wellbeing Questionnaire (PIPSWQ). The structured questionnaire is made up of four 

sections viz A-D. 

Section A: Demographic characteristics: This consists of item questions on demographic 

characteristics (age, date of birth, gender, level of education, specialty, religion, tribe, parental marital 

status, and family background) of teenagers. 

Section B: Awareness of Parental Infidelity Scale (APIS): This consists of items developed by the 

researcher to measure the awareness of parental infidelity in the families of teenagers. 

Section C: Psychosocial WellbeingScale (PSWS). This consist of items questions adapted from an 

internationally tested scale by Keyes C. L. M. (2009) titled Adolescent mental health continuum-short 

form (MHC-SF) developed by the researcher to measure emotional wellbeing and aspects of 

psychological and social functioning of teenagers. The respondent mental health is classified into 

three-flourishing (high positive emotions and functioning), languishing (low positive emotions and 

functioning) and moderate (neither flourishing nor languishing). The scale contains fourteen items with 

a multiple-choice format measured on a 6-point scale: 1 (Everyday) to 6 (Never). Respondents are said 

to flourish when they respond to 1 or 2 to one or more of the 3 emotional wellbeing questions and to 6 

or more of the 11 positive functioning questions. Respondents are said to be languishing when they 

give a response of 5 or 6 to one or more of the 3 emotional wellbeing questions, and to 6 or more of the 

11 positive functioning questions. Respondents are said to be have a moderate mental health when they 

are neither flourishing or languishing.  

Section D: Coping Mechanism Scale (CMS): This consists of items of questions adapted from an 

internationally tested scale by Carver, C. S. (1997) titled Brief Cope Scale developed by the researcher 

to measure how the teenagers cope with the presence of parental infidelity in their family. The scale can 

determine someone’s primary coping styles with scores on the following three subscales: 

problem-focused coping, emotion-focused coping, and avoidant coping. Scores are presented for three 

overarching coping styles as average scores (sum of item scores divided by number of items), 

indicating the degree to which the respondent has been engaging in that coping style. 1= I haven’t been 

doing this at all, 2= a little bit, 3= a medium amount, 4= I’ve been doing this a lot.  

3.5 Administration of the Instrument 

The researcher obtained a letter of introduction from her supervisor who introduced the researcher as a 

postgraduate student of the Department of Social Work for the purpose of identification and to enable 

the researcher has easy access to interview and administer questionnaire in the selected schools of 

teenagers. The researcher submitted the letter to all the selected schools in Ibadan South West and 

permission to conduct the study was obtained by the researcher from the school Principal before the 

commencement of data collection and verbal informed consent was obtained from each respondent 



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before the administration of the questionnaire. The researcher also ensured that no harm came on 

participants while filling the questionnaire. The researcher spent about 10minutes with each 

respondent. 

3.6 Ethical Approval 

Approval for the study was obtained from the University of Ibadan/University College Hospital 

Institutional Ethical Review Board (UI/EC/22/0351). Informed consent from each respondent was 

obtained before the administration of the questionnaire. 

3.7 Data Analysis 

The responses gathered from the respondents were analyzed. Statistical analysis was carried out on the 

dependent and independent variables to test the research hypotheses using frequency table and 

percentage, Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and Multiple regression Analysis statistics methods. 

 

4. Results 

Table 1. Analysis of Socio-Demographic Characteristics of the Respondents N=200 

Variables Frequency Percentage 

Age group   

13 to 15years 111 55.5 

16 to 17 years 68 34.0 

18 to 19 years 21 10.5 

Gender   

Male  117 58.5 

Female 83 41.5 

Religion   

Islam 62 31.0 

Christianity 125 62.5 

Traditional 13 6.5 

Tribe   

Hausa 27 13.5 

Igbo 35 17.5 

Yoruba 136 68.0 

Others tribes 2 1.0 

Parents Marital Status   

Married 50 25.0 

Separated/Divorced  48 24.0 

Widow 98 49.0 



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Widower  2 1.0 

Others 2 1.0 

Level of Education   

Junior secondary school 126 63.0 

Senior secondary school 58 29.0 

O level certificate holder 14 7.0 

Graduate 2 1.0 

Specialty   

Commercial/Social 

Sciences 

58 29.5 

Arts 124 62.0 

Science 15 7.5 

Others 2 1.0 

Family Background   

Nuclear 48 24.0 

Polygamous  85 42.5 

Extended 67 33.5 

 

Table 1 revealed the frequency distribution according to age range of the respondents. The result 

showed that respondents with age range of 13 to 15 years were 111 (55.5%) while those with age range 

of 16 to 17 years were 68 (34.0%) of the total respondents and 21(10.5%) had age range between 18 to 

19years. This showed that respondents with age range of 13 to 15years had the highest percentage. The 

study revealed that 117 representing 58.5% of the respondents were males, 83 of them or 41.5% were 

females. Therefore, the above result implies that the majority of the respondents were males. The result 

showed that majority were Christians 125 (62.5%) while those who were Muslim were 62 (31.0%) of 

the total respondents and 13 (6.5%) of the total respondent are traditional worshippers. This showed 

that Christians had the highest percentage. The result showed that Yoruba were 136 (68.0%) while Igbo 

were 35 (17.5%) of the total respondents and Hausa were 27(13.5%) while other tribes were 2(1.0%) of 

the total respondents. This showed that Yoruba had the highest percentage. The respondents. The result 

showed that married respondents were 50 (25.0%), while separated/divorced were 48 (24.0%) of the 

total respondents and 98 (49.0%) were widow, while widower and others were 2 (1.0%) of the total 

respondent respectively. This showed that married respondents had the highest percentage. 

The result showed that respondents in Junior secondary school were 126 (63.0%) while those in Senior 

secondary school were 58 (29.0%) of the total respondents and 14 (7.0%) were O level certificate 

holder while graduate respondents were 2(1.0%) of the total respondents. This showed that respondents 

in Junior secondary school had the highest percentage. The result showed that respondents in 



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Commercial/Social Sciences were 58 (29.5%) while those in Arts were 124 (62.0%) of the total 

respondents and 15 (7.5%) were specialized in science while others specialty were 2(1.0%) of the total 

respondents. This showed that respondents specialized in Arts had the highest percentage. The result 

showed that respondents from nuclear family were 48 (24.0%) while those from Polygamous family 

were 85 (42.5%) of the total respondents and 67 (33.5%) were from extended family. This showed that 

respondents from polygamous family had the highest percentage. 

Testing of Hypothesis 

Ho1: There is no significant effect of parental infidelity on the psychosocial wellbeing of teenagers in Ibadan 

Metropolis. 

 

Table 2. Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) Showing the Effect of Parental Infidelity on the 

Psychosocial Wellbeing of Teenagers in Ibadan Metropolis 

Variables Sum of Squares df Mean Square F-cal f-crit P 

Between Groups 379.003 2 42.111 26.3 1.99 <0.05 

Within Groups 137.622 196 1.600    

Total 516.625 198      

F=26.3, df=9/86, f-crit=1.99 

Table 2 shows that, there was a significant effect of parental infidelity on the psychosocial wellbeing of 

teenagers in Ibadan Metropolis. The result indicated that F-calculated (26.3) is greater than f-critical value 

(1.99) at 0.05 level of significance. Thus, the hypothesis was rejected, and this indicated that there was 

a significant effect of parental infidelity on the psychosocial wellbeing of teenagers in Ibadan Metropolis. 

Ho2: There is significant effect of coping skills (problem-focused, emotion-focused, and avoidant) on 

wellbeing of teenagers with infidel parents in Ibadan Metropolis. 

 

Table 3a. Multiple Regression Analysis Showing the Joint Contribution of Coping-skills Variables 

on Wellbeing in Ibadan 

R= 0.939 

R2=0.882 

Adjusted R2=0.879 

Standard error of estimate= 4.54426 

                                             Analysis of Variance 

 Sum of square      df Mean square F 

Regression  2531.814 4 632.954 

65.417 Residual 338.635 142 2.385 

Total 2870.449 146  

 



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Table 3a which showed the combination of the independent variables (coping skills) account for 88% 

of the variance on wellbeing variables (R2 adjusted = 0.879). The analysis of variance of the multiple 

regression data yielded an F-ratio value which was found to be significant at 0.05 alpha level (F(4,142) 

=65.417; p < 0.05). 

 

Table 3b. Showing the Contribution of Independent Variables (Coping Skills Variables) on the 

Dependent Variable (Wellbeing) 

 Unstandardized Coefficients Standardized Coefficients T Sig. 

 B Std. Error Beta Contribution   

(Constant) 2.649 .823  -3.219 .000 

Problem-focused  1.780 .090 .813 19.862 .000 

Emotion-focused .516 .066 .358 7.826 .000 

Avoidant skills .339 .063 .197 5.339 .000 

 

The results obtained from table 3b above indicate the joint and relative effect of each of the 

independent variables (the use of problem-focused, emotion-focused, and avoidant coping mechanisms) 

on the dependent variable (wellbeing). In terms of most significant effect Problem-focused contributed 

significantly to the wellbeing of teenagers who experienced infidel parents in Ibadan Metropolis (ß = 

0.813; t=19.862; p < 0.05). Next in terms of magnitude of contribution is emotion-focused (ß = 0.606, t 

= 18.070; p<0.05) and then avoidant skills (ß = 0.197, t = 5.339; p < 0.05). Hence, the three coping 

skills variables are strong contributors to wellbeing of teenagers with infidel parents in Ibadan 

Metropolis. 

 

5. Discussion 

This study explored the psychosocial wellbeing and coping mechanism of teenager who have infidel 

parents in Ibadan, which is an important step-towards documenting experiences of teenagers living 

with infidel parents in Nigeria. Although our study reported significant effect of parental infidelity on 

the psychosocial wellbeing of teenagers in Ibadan Metropolis, this finding is consistent with the view 

of Amato and Booth (2000) that adolescents whose parents have experienced infidelity are more prone 

to emotional distress, often reporting feelings of anger, sadness, and anxiety. Moreover, this betrayal 

can erode trust, affecting teenagers’ capacity to form healthy relationships in the future (Markham & 

Stanley, 2011). Academic performance may also suffer, likely due to increased stress and distractions at 

home (Jeynes, 2002) found that beyond academic challenges, infidelity can disrupt social relationships, 

causing teenagers to withdraw from social activities or have difficulties trusting their peers. This body 

of evidence underscores the profound and lasting impact of parental infidelity on teenagers’ 

psychosocial wellbeing. 



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The second hypothesis also reported significant effect of coping skills of teenagers of infidel parents in 

Ibadan Metropolis on their wellbeing. This corroborates the findings of Compas et al. (2001) that 

coping skills aid in stress reduction, which is vital as adolescents face stressors from academic 

pressures, peer relationships, family dynamics, and personal identity development. By helping 

teenagers manage and reduce stress, coping skills prevent it from becoming chronic and detrimental to 

their mental health. These skills facilitate emotion regulation, a critical aspect of adolescence marked 

by emotional fluctuations (Zimmer-Gembeck & Skinner, 2011). Therefore, effective emotion regulation 

enhances mental wellbeing and reduces the risk of mood disorders (Hammen, 2005). Additionally, 

coping skills build resilience, allowing teenagers to bounce back from adversity and challenges. 

Resilience is associated with improved mental health outcomes and a reduced likelihood of developing 

mental health disorders (Masten, 2001). Moreover, these skills enhance problem-solving and 

decision-making abilities, equipping teenagers to navigate complex situations and make constructive 

choices, thereby reducing the impact of stressors (Compas et al., 2001). Hence, contributing to better 

social relationships by helping teenagers manage conflicts and communicate more effectively, 

ultimately improving their social wellbeing (Aldao et al., 2010).  

Our findings showed that wellbeing of the teenagers is based on the specific coping skill used, this is in 

tandem with that of Compas et al. (2012) that adaptive coping strategies, such as problem-solving, 

seeking social support, and emotional regulation, have been associated with lower levels of anxiety and 

depression in teenagers. Conversely, teenagers who rely on maladaptive coping strategies, such as 

avoidance, substance abuse, or aggression, often experience poorer mental health outcomes 

(Connor-Smith et al., 2000). This implies that negative coping strategies may provide temporary relief 

but can exacerbate stress and lead to long-term emotional difficulties. In conclusion, the wellbeing of 

teenagers is intricately linked to the coping skills they employ. Adaptive coping strategies can enhance 

their mental and emotional health, while maladaptive ones may contribute to negative outcomes. 

 

6. Conclusion 

From this study, it is evident that parental infidelity has a significant effect on the psychosocial 

wellbeing of teenagers in Ibadan. The significant influence of problem-focused coping mechanisms on 

the wellbeing of these adolescents suggests that when faced with the complex emotional aftermath of 

parental infidelity, practical problem-solving strategies play a crucial role in mitigating the adverse 

effects. Emotion-focused coping mechanisms, while significant, appear to provide a secondary source 

of support, emphasizing the importance of emotional expression and regulation in this context. Notably, 

the relatively lower contribution of avoidant skills may indicate that avoiding or suppressing emotions 

and issues related to parental infidelity is less effective in promoting the psychosocial wellbeing of 

these teenagers. These findings shed light on the importance of tailored interventions and support 

systems that focus on problem-solving skills and emotional expression to help teenagers navigate the 



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challenges posed by parental infidelity. 

 

Recommendations 

The following recommendations are given based on the outcomes of this study:  

i. Counseling and Support Services like counseling programs should be specifically 

designed to address the emotional and psychological needs of teenagers affected by 

parental infidelity. These programs can provide a safe space for teenagers to express their 

feelings, process their emotions, and receive guidance from trained professionals. 

ii. Peer support groups where teenagers can interact with others who have faced 

similar experiences should be established. Sharing stories and coping strategies within a 

supportive community can help reduce feelings of isolation and foster resilience. 

iii. Community Awareness and Education should be conducted to educate parents, 

teachers, and caregivers about the potential impact of parental infidelity on teenagers’ 

mental health. Encouraging open communication and empathy within families can create 

a more supportive environment for the affected teenagers. 

iv. Improve access to mental health services by collaborating with local healthcare 

providers and organizations. This may involve establishing low-cost or free counseling 

centers and ensuring that mental health resources are available and easily accessible to 

those in need. 

v. Implement regular mental health screenings in schools to identify teenagers who 

may be at risk or struggling with their mental wellbeing. Early detection can lead to 

timely intervention and support. 

vi. Tailor interventions to be culturally sensitive and relevant to the Nigerian context. 

Consider incorporating traditional practices and values that promote mental wellbeing and 

resilience. 

 

Acknowledgement 

We acknowledge the department of social work, university of Ibadan, Nigeria and the teenagers in 

Ibadan Metropolis who participated in this study. 

 

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