A journal of research, policy and applications Children, Youth and Environment Network University of Cincinnati Volume Number 2020 2 30 Children, Youth and Environments EISSN: 15462250 Published by and © University of Cincinnati i EDITORS: Dr. Victoria Carr, Dr. Rhonda Brown, and Dr. Vikas Mehta, University of Cincinnati MANAGING EDITOR: Leslie Kochanowski, University of Cincinnati ASSISTANT MANAGING EDITOR: Ann Rossmiller, University of Cincinnati FIELD REPORT EDITORS: Dr. Sue Elliott, University of New England and Dr. Daniela DiGiacomo, University of Kentucky BOOK+MEDIA EDITORS: Dr. Catherine Volpe, University of New England and Ozlemnur Ataol, Eindhoven University of Technology COPY EDITOR: Dr. Jennifer Steffel Johnson, University of Colorado ADVISORY BOARD: Louise Chawla, University of Colorado; Roger Hart, City University of New York; Lynn Liben, Pennsylvania State University; Robin Moore, North Carolina State University; Fahriye Sancar, University of Colorado; Willem van Vliet, University of Colorado. EDITORIAL ADVISORY BOARD: Nicole Ardoin, Stanford University, USA; Mark Blades, University of Sheffield, UK; Caitlin Cahill, Pratt Institute, USA; Sudeshna Chatterjee, Action for Children’s Environments, India; Yolanda Alicia Corona-Caraveo, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana Xochimilco, Mexico; Debra Cushing, Queensland University of Technology, Australia; Victoria Derr, California State University, USA; Janet Dyment, University of Tasmania, Australia; Ingunn Fjørtoft, University of South-Eastern Norway; Claire Freeman, University of Otago, New Zealand; Enakshi Ganguly, HAQ Centre for Child Rights, India; Jorgelina Hardoy, Int’l Institute for Environment & Development, Argentina; Laurie Harmon, University of Wisconsin, USA; Harry Heft, Denison University, USA; Lia Karsten, Universiteit van Amsterdam, Netherlands; Isami Kinoshita, Chiba University, Japan; Kevin Lalor, Dublin Institute of Technology, Ireland; Jill Litt, University of Colorado, USA; Janet Loebach, Cornell University, USA; Laura Malinin, Colorado State University, USA; Lorraine E. Maxwell, Cornell University, USA; Barry Percy-Smith, University of Huddersfield, UK; Edith Phaswana, Thabo Mbeki African Leadership Institute UNISA, South Africa; Gina Porter, Durham University, UK; Sharon Ergetta Sutton, Parsons The New School, USA; Nancy Wells, Cornell University, USA The Children, Youth and Environments journal disseminates knowledge and stimulates discussion in support of inclusive and sustainable environments for children and youth everywhere. CYE has a global community and connects the worlds of research, policy and practice. The CYE journal is a peer-reviewed, multi-disciplinary, online journal, highlighting the physical environments where children and youth live, learn, work and play. The journal values the capacity of children and young people to meaningfully participate in the processes that shape their lives, and publishes papers from distinct viewpoints, varied approaches, and diverse cultures and regions around the world. The journal offers researchers a high-quality, refereed outlet for sharing work pertaining to the physical environments that impact the lives of children and youth around the world. The journal publishes papers in the form of research articles, field reports and book/media reviews ranging from quantitative and qualitative empirical research; theoretical, methodological, and historical investigations; critical literature reviews; design analyses; post-occupancy evaluations; policy studies; and program assessments. Children, Youth and Environments appeared as a print journal from 1984-1995 as Children’s Environments Quarterly and Children’s Environments. In 2003, it was revived as an online journal, which now reaches readers in more than 160 countries. Readers and authors include researchers and practitioners in education, childhood studies, geography, sociology, child and youth development, child welfare, child rights advocacy, development studies, architecture, landscape architecture and design, urban design, and planning. CYE is endorsed by UN-Habitat and guided by a distinguished Editorial Advisory Board. For more information visit https://www.cyenetwork.org Cover image from Play, Work, and Rest: The Developmental Affordances of Designated Child-Friendly Public Spaces in Jakarta, Indonesia by Fitri Arlinkasari, Debra Flanders Cushing, and Evonne Miller Children, Youth and Environments EISSN: 15462250 Published by and © University of Cincinnati ii Children, Youth and Environments Vol. 30 No. 2 2020 ISSN 1546-2250 As this issue of Children, Youth and Environments (CYE) goes to press, much of the globe continues to be affected by the pandemic. Although there are hopeful signs, with some regions of the world recovering from the pandemic, too many unknowns remain. As the pandemic has continued its community spread, the impact on children’s health, wellbeing, and development has been catastrophic. Most of the world has had to improvise to create safety protocols and practices for working, learning, playing and living and our relationship with the environment has been restructured — the outdoors seem to provide a safer alternative for any remote interactions that are plausible. All of this has drastically affected children’s relationship with the environment and there is much to learn to guide future policy, planning, design and management. Children themselves, along with researchers and practitioners that study, design and manage children’s environments have much to learn and share from these experiences. CYE will publish a special issue, COVID 19 Impacts on the Environments where Children and Youth Live, Learn, Work, and Play in Fall 2021. We encourage you to submit an abstract by January 15, 2021. A complete call for papers is on the next page. Inside this issue, you will find scholarly work that spans across the globe. Our first stop is in Ontario where you will explore ways children’s photography highlights the many avenues of connection to nature through the work of Shakespear, Varghese, and Morris. Then, we travel to Florida where Clayborn, Koptur, and O’Brien share the influence of an active-learning curriculum unit on student’s greater environmental stewardship. Sweden is the next stop on our global tour where Rathod, Olsson, and Schwanen show that many factors contribute to children’s sedentary behaviors beyond screen time alone. Heading back to Canada, Han, Lin, Mâsse, and Brussoni discuss themes related to children’s perspectives of their own independent mobility. Next, we travel to Jakarta, Indonesia where Arlinkasari, Flanders Cushing, and Miller investigate how the activities and experiences of children in Child-Friendly Integrated Public Spaces can potentially support their development. Our last stop on the global tour is Massachusetts in the US, where Bouldin, Meldrum, Blanch-Hartigan, McCormick, and Coloma studied childcare providers’ perceptions of toxic chemicals in their facilities. We wrap this issue with Roy’s book review of Children Living in Sustainable Built Environments: New Urbanisms, New Citizens by Pia Christensen, Sophie Hadfield-Hill, John Horton and Peter Kraftl. Happy reading! We would like to express our appreciation for the contributions of the many people who continue to bring interesting research, field reports, and book and media reviews to our esteemed readership. CYE offers a unique niche journal for dissemination of scholarship and practice and we are continually awed by the work submitted by CYE authors. Children, Youth and Environments EISSN: 15462250 Published by and © University of Cincinnati iii Children, Youth & Environments Call for Abstracts Special Issue COVID-19 Impacts on the Environments where Children and Youth Live, Learn, Work, and Play Dear Colleagues: The United Nations asserts that the impacts of the worldwide COVID-19 pandemic on children and youth may be lifelong. As businesses close, many families are struggling financially, unable to afford basic housing, nutrition, and health needs. With school closures and a move toward online learning, losses in human potential and human capital are projected, particularly among children and youth who live in poverty and are digitally excluded. Frighteningly, children and youth may also be more exposed to domestic violence during shelter in place mandates when household tensions, social isolation, and mental health issues are not mitigated by schools, public spaces, health care providers, extended family, friends, and other adults who serve as protective factors. The universal crisis brought on by COVID-19 is generating an increase in mental health concerns, such as anxiety, depression, behavior problems, sleep disorders, and substance abuse. In fact, it is estimated that 1 in 6 children demonstrate such concerns during any community crisis. We have yet to realize the full extent of the impact of this pandemic. We had no blueprint or playbook for COVID-19, yet families, physicians, educators, city planners, government officials, and others have sought to determine how to create and sustain safe environments where children and youth can live, learn, work, and play. Physical environments have been altered significantly in homes, schools, eateries, shops, businesses, healthcare, and almost every public space worldwide. Protocols for personal protection and practical, and sometimes impractical, strategies have been enacted with disparities in acceptability and premature transitions to normalcy that are affecting the reduction of the number of COVID-19 cases and fatalities. As experts agree that outdoor environments are safest for physically distanced gatherings, people are seeking out parks and outdoor recreation in increased numbers, public spaces are reimagined, and nature-based schooling is receiving greater attention. Still, protocols and strategies – sometimes impractical – for personal protection have been unevenly enacted and premature transitions to normalcy are affecting the reduction of the number of COVID-19 cases and fatalities. Lessons learned, stories told, and points of view shared about children and youth’s experiences within a variety of environments in the time of COVID-19 is the focus of the CYE call for a special issue to be published in September 2021. Topics of interest include, but are not limited to: • Child and youth perspectives on altered environments • Evaluation of educational design responses to the pandemic • Virtual learning environments as alternatives to traditional schooling • Ethical dilemmas resulting from unsustainable safety mandates • Accessing nature for outdoor learning and play during the pandemic • Usage of personal protection equipment impacts on environments • Impacts on the value and use of public space during the pandemic • Online social distancing environments • Child and youth experiences in rural/remote environments during the pandemic • Descriptions of creative shelter in place environments • Health and safety mitigation strategies used in educational, public, or home environments • Youth experiences in the workplace during the pandemic • Research on children’s learning, play, and work environments during the pandemic • Views on how the COVID-19 pandemic may change environments of the future For consideration in this special issue, please email a 500 word or less proposal or abstract for a research manuscript, report from the field, or position paper noting authors and affiliations to cyemanagingeditor@gmail.com by January 15, 2021. Invitations for full manuscripts will be sent by February 18, 2021. Manuscripts selected for inclusion in the special issue will be due July 1, 2021. For author guidelines, please visit the journal website https://www.cyenetwork.org/submit. Children, Youth and Environments EISSN: 15462250 Published by and © University of Cincinnati iv Children, Youth and Environments Vol. 30 No. 2 2020 ISSN 1546-2250 Table of Contents Articles “We are nature”: Exploring Nature Conceptualizations and Connections through Children’s Photography Mark Shakespear, Jeji Varghese, and Rosanne Morris 1-29 Plugging Students into Nature through Butterfly Gardening: A Reconciled Ecological Approach to Insect Conservation Jaeson Clayborn, Suzanne Koptur, and George O’Brien 30-71 More Than Just Screen Time: Children’s Sedentary Behaviors at Home and the Interplay of Home Environment Factors Apoorva Rathod, Jerry Olsson, and Tim Schwanen 72-96 “There’s kind of a wall I have to stay inside of”: A Qualitative Understanding of Children’s Independent Mobility Range, Destination, Time and Expansion Christina Han, Yingyi Lin, Louise Mâsse, and Mariana Brussoni 97-118 Play, Work, and Rest: The Developmental Affordances of Designated Child-Friendly Public Spaces in Jakarta, Indonesia Fitri Arlinkasari, Debra Flanders Cushing, and Evonne Miller 119-146 Attitudes and Actions towards Toxic Chemicals: An Environmental Health and Risk Perception Survey of Massachusetts Childcare Providers Ryan M. Bouldin, Helen Meldrum, Danielle Blanch-Hartigan, Jordan McCormick, and Vanessa Coloma 147-164 Book Reviews Children Living in Sustainable Built Environments: New Urbanisms, New Citizens, by Pia Christensen, Sophie Hadfield-Hill, John Horton and Peter Kraftl Reviewed by Arindam Roy 165-168 CYE_Cover_30_2 Front Matter CYE 30 2 2020