A journal of research, policy and applications Children, Youth and Environment Network University of Cincinnati Volume Number 2021 2 31 Children, Youth and Environments EISSN: 15462250 Published by and © University of Cincinnati i EDITORS: Dr. Victoria Carr, Dr. Rhonda Brown, and Dr. Vikas Mehta, University of Cincinnati MANAGING EDITOR: Leslie Kochanowski, University of Cincinnati ASSISTANT MANAGING EDITOR: Ann Rossmiller, University of Cincinnati FIELD REPORT EDITORS: Dr. Sue Elliott, University of New England and Dr. Daniela DiGiacomo, University of Kentucky BOOK+MEDIA EDITORS: Dr. Catherine Volpe, University of New England and Ozlemnur Ataol, Eindhoven University of Technology COPY EDITOR: Dr. Jennifer Steffel Johnson, University of Colorado ADVISORY BOARD: Louise Chawla, University of Colorado; Roger Hart, City University of New York; Lynn Liben, Pennsylvania State University; Robin Moore, North Carolina State University; Fahriye Sancar, University of Colorado; Willem van Vliet, University of Colorado. EDITORIAL ADVISORY BOARD: Nicole Ardoin, Stanford University, USA; Mark Blades, University of Sheffield, UK; Caitlin Cahill, Pratt Institute, USA; Sudeshna Chatterjee, Action for Children’s Environments, India; Yolanda Alicia Corona-Caraveo, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana Xochimilco, Mexico; Debra Cushing, Queensland University of Technology, Australia; Victoria Derr, California State University, USA; Janet Dyment, University of Tasmania, Australia; Ingunn Fjørtoft, University of South-Eastern Norway; Claire Freeman, University of Otago, New Zealand; Enakshi Ganguly, HAQ Centre for Child Rights, India; Jorgelina Hardoy, Int’l Institute for Environment & Development, Argentina; Laurie Harmon, University of Wisconsin, USA; Harry Heft, Denison University, USA; Lia Karsten, Universiteit van Amsterdam, Netherlands; Isami Kinoshita, Chiba University, Japan; Kevin Lalor, Dublin Institute of Technology, Ireland; Jill Litt, University of Colorado, USA; Janet Loebach, Cornell University, USA; Laura Malinin, Colorado State University, USA; Lorraine E. Maxwell, Cornell University, USA; Barry Percy-Smith, University of Huddersfield, UK; Edith Phaswana, Thabo Mbeki African Leadership Institute UNISA, South Africa; Gina Porter, Durham University, UK; Sharon Ergetta Sutton, Parsons The New School, USA; Nancy Wells, Cornell University, USA The Children, Youth and Environments journal disseminates knowledge and stimulates discussion in support of inclusive and sustainable environments for children and youth everywhere. CYE has a global community and connects the worlds of research, policy and practice. The CYE journal is a peer-reviewed, multi-disciplinary, online journal, highlighting the physical environments where children and youth live, learn, work and play. The journal values the capacity of children and young people to meaningfully participate in the processes that shape their lives, and publishes papers from distinct viewpoints, varied approaches, and diverse cultures and regions around the world. The journal offers researchers a high-quality, refereed outlet for sharing work pertaining to the physical environments that impact the lives of children and youth around the world. The journal publishes papers in the form of research articles, field reports and book/media reviews ranging from quantitative and qualitative empirical research; theoretical, methodological, and historical investigations; critical literature reviews; design analyses; post-occupancy evaluations; policy studies; and program assessments. Children, Youth and Environments appeared as a print journal from 1984-1995 as Children’s Environments Quarterly and Children’s Environments. In 2003, it was revived as an online journal, which now reaches readers in more than 160 countries. Readers and authors include researchers and practitioners in education, childhood studies, geography, sociology, child and youth development, child welfare, child rights advocacy, development studies, architecture, landscape architecture and design, urban design, and planning. CYE is endorsed by UN-Habitat and guided by a distinguished Editorial Advisory Board. For more information visit https://www.cyenetwork.org Cover image from the field report Children’s Agency and Action in Nature Preschool: A Tale of Two Programs by Rachel Konerman, Sue Elliott, Rosanne Pugh, Tisha Luthy, and Victoria Carr Children, Youth and Environments EISSN: 15462250 Published by and © University of Cincinnati ii Children, Youth and Environments Vol. 31 No. 2 2021 ISSN 1546-2250 Inside this issue, you will find diverse scholarly work that spans across the globe. First, Altenburger and Wellenreiter compare non-classroom spaces across two different rural high schools to demonstrate how school building type influences place-based authority processes. Next, we arrive in Northern Kenya to visit the Archer’s Post community where Van Anda and co-authors investigated the perceptions and values of formally educated youth regarding traditional pastoral livelihoods and non-traditional contemporary income-earning. Crossing the globe, we visit to Chicago where Lee and Movassaghi investigate the relationship between greenery at public schools and students’ violent behaviors. These authors also examined the potential benefits and challenges of green space surrounding the schools. Heading north, we arrive in Northern Ontario where Scheffel and co-authors discuss three perceived barriers to learning in the outdoors from their in-depth case study of a kindergarten class. Additionally, these authors share ways that participants took note and addressed these barriers to benefit the learners. At our final stop, we visit Utah where LeSchofs and Christensen observed play behaviors in first and second grade children to uncover which play settings support quality dramatic play for children with and without disabilities. The issue continues with a report from the field where Konerman and co-authors share their work across two projects to demonstrate how early childhood educators were able to support the development of young children’s ecologically sustainable practices through a shift in pedagogical practices. We wrap this issue with four book reviews: Tranter’s review of Urban Playground: How Child- Friendly Planning and Design Can Save Cities by Tim Gill, Fazio’s review of Children, Citizenship and Environment: #Schoolstrike Edition by Bronwyn Hayward, Ruiz’s review of Latin American Transnational Children and Youth: Experiences of Nature and Place, Culture and Care Across the Americas edited by Victoria Derr and Yolanda Corona, and Gowdar and St. Clair Bridgman’s review of Designing for Kids: Creating for Playing, Learning, and Growing by Krystyna Castella. Happy reading! Children, Youth and Environments EISSN: 15462250 Published by and © University of Cincinnati iii Children, Youth and Environments Vol. 31 No. 2 2021 ISSN 1546-2250 Table of Contents Articles Where to Hang Out: Interplay between School Building Characteristics, Authority Structures, and School Micro-Climates Elke Altenburger and Benjamin R. Wellenreiter 1-33 Changes in Livelihood Aspirations among Formally Educated Pastoral Youth in Northern Kenya Roy Van Anda, Brett L. Bruyere, Jonathan Salerno, Alfonso Lengima, Vivian Alinta, and Apin Yasin 34-53 The Role of Greenness of School Grounds in Student Violence in the Chicago Public Schools Jin Lee and Katherine S. Movassaghi 54-82 Learning with Wide-Open Eyes: Nudging at Perceived Barriers to Outdoor Learning within a Kindergarten Tara-Lynn Scheffel, Lotje Hives, Jeff Scott and Astrid Steele 83-104 Dramatic Play Affordances of Outdoor Settings for First- and Second-Grade Children with and without Disabilities Nicholas R. LeSchofs and Keith M. Christensen 105-138 Reports from the Field Children’s Agency and Action in Nature Preschool: A Tale of Two Programs Rachel Konerman, Sue Elliott, Rosanne Pugh, Tisha Luthy, and Victoria Carr 139-150 Book Reviews Urban Playground: How Child-Friendly Planning and Design Can Save Cities, by Tim Gill Reviewed by Paul Tranter 151-153 Children, Citizenship and Environment: #Schoolstrike Edition, by Bronwyn Hayward Reviewed by Xavier Fazio 154-156 Children, Youth and Environments EISSN: 15462250 Published by and © University of Cincinnati iv Children, Youth and Environments Vol. 31 No. 2 2021 ISSN 1546-2250 Book Reviews continued Latin American Transnational Children and Youth: Experiences of Nature and Place, Culture and Care across the Americas, edited by Victoria Derr and Yolanda Corona Reviewed by Karina Ruiz 157-158 Designing for Kids: Creating for Playing, Learning, and Growing, by Krystyna Castella Reviewed by Matt Gowdar and Rae St. Clair Bridgman 159-160 CYE_Cover_31_2 Front Matter CYE 31 2 2021