Front Matter CYE 33 1 2023 A journal of research, policy and applications Children, Youth and Environments Network University of Cincinnati Volume Number 2023 1 33 Children, Youth and Environments EISSN: 15462250 Published by and © University of Cincinnati i EDITORS: Dr. Victoria Carr, Dr. Rhonda Brown, and Dr. Vikas Mehta, University of Cincinnati MANAGING EDITOR: Dr. Leslie Kochanowski, University of Cincinnati ASSISTANT MANAGING EDITOR: Ann Rossmiller, University of Cincinnati FIELD REPORT EDITORS: Dr. Sue Elliott, University of New England and Dr. Daniela DiGiacomo, University of Kentucky BOOK+MEDIA EDITORS: Dr. Catherine Volpe, University of New England and Dr. Ozlemnur Ataol, Maastricht University COPY EDITOR: Dr. Jennifer Steffel Johnson, University of Colorado ADVISORY BOARD: Louise Chawla, University of Colorado; Roger Hart, City University of New York; Lynn Liben, Pennsylvania State University; Robin Moore, North Carolina State University; Fahriye Sancar, University of Colorado; Willem van Vliet, University of Colorado. EDITORIAL ADVISORY BOARD: Nicole Ardoin, Stanford University, USA; Mark Blades, University of Sheffield, UK; Caitlin Cahill, Pratt Institute, USA; Sudeshna Chatterjee, Action for Children’s Environments, India; Yolanda Alicia Corona-Caraveo, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana Xochimilco, Mexico; Debra Cushing, Queensland University of Technology, Australia; Victoria Derr, California State University, USA; Janet Dyment, University of Tasmania, Australia; Ingunn Fjørtoft, University of South-Eastern Norway; Claire Freeman, University of Otago, New Zealand; Enakshi Ganguly, HAQ Centre for Child Rights, India; Jorgelina Hardoy, Int’l Institute for Environment & Development, Argentina; Laurie Harmon, University of Wisconsin, USA; Harry Heft, Denison University, USA; Lia Karsten, Universiteit van Amsterdam, Netherlands; Isami Kinoshita, Chiba University, Japan; Kevin Lalor, Dublin Institute of Technology, Ireland; Jill Litt, University of Colorado, USA; Janet Loebach, Cornell University, USA; Laura Malinin, Colorado State University, USA; Lorraine E. Maxwell, Cornell University, USA; Barry Percy-Smith, University of Huddersfield, UK; Edith Phaswana, Thabo Mbeki African Leadership Institute UNISA, South Africa; Gina Porter, Durham University, UK; Sharon Ergetta Sutton, Parsons The New School, USA; Nancy Wells, Cornell University, USA The Children, Youth and Environments journal disseminates knowledge and stimulates discussion in support of inclusive and sustainable environments for children and youth everywhere. CYE has a global community and connects the worlds of research, policy and practice. The CYE journal is a peer-reviewed, multi-disciplinary, online journal, highlighting the physical environments where children and youth live, learn, work and play. The journal values the capacity of children and young people to meaningfully participate in the processes that shape their lives, and publishes papers from distinct viewpoints, varied approaches, and diverse cultures and regions around the world. The journal offers researchers a high-quality, refereed outlet for sharing work pertaining to the physical environments that impact the lives of children and youth around the world. The journal publishes papers in the form of research articles, field reports and book/media reviews ranging from quantitative and qualitative empirical research; theoretical, methodological, and historical investigations; critical literature reviews; design analyses; post-occupancy evaluations; policy studies; and program assessments. Children, Youth and Environments appeared as a print journal from 1984-1995 as Children’s Environments Quarterly and Children’s Environments. In 2003, it was revived as an online journal, which now reaches readers in more than 160 countries. Readers and authors include researchers and practitioners in education, childhood studies, geography, sociology, child and youth development, child welfare, child rights advocacy, development studies, architecture, landscape architecture and design, urban design, and planning. CYE is endorsed by UN-Habitat and guided by a distinguished Editorial Advisory Board. For more information visit https://www.cyenetwork.org Cover image: Frolicking on the nearby beach from the historical note Youth Village Hedenesse: The Rise and Demise of a Progressive Youth Initiative by Willem van Vliet-- Children, Youth and Environments EISSN: 15462250 Published by and © University of Cincinnati ii Acknowledgement of Reviewers As editors of Children, Youth and Environments, we count on the informed judgment of our reviewers to make the highest quality research and information available online to scholars and practitioners around the world. In a double- blind review process, a minimum of two experts contribute comments about each paper published in CYE. Their advice is essential to determining whether an article is accepted for publication and invaluable to authors when undertaking revisions. We, therefore, take this opportunity to thank all those who have acted as reviewers for CYE during the last year for your time, energy and commitment to the journal! The following list reflects reviewers of papers in 2022. — The Editors Mohit Kumar Agarwal, BBD University; Fatemeh Aminpour, UNSW Australia; Kathryn J. Andrews, St. Bonaventure University; Eva Ärlemalm-Hagsér, Mälardalen University; Firtri Arlinkasari, Queensland University of Technology; Özlemnur Ataol, Maastricht University; Paula Barros, The Federal University of Minas Gerais; Michelle E. E. Bauer, University of Ottawa; Thomas Beery, University of Kristianstad; Sarah Bexell, University of Denver; Mark Blades, The University of Sheffield; Mary Boat, University of Cincinnati; Elizabeth Boileau, University of Minnesota Duluth; Alison Bowers, Stanford University; Brenton Button, University of Winnipeg; Caitlin Cahill, Pratt Institute; Johana Evelyn Castilla, University of Stavanger; Louise Chawla, University of Colorado Boulder; Keith Christensen, Utah State University; Aaron Clark-Ginsberg, RAND Corporation; Dawn Coe, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville; Kylie Dankiw, University of South Australia; Victoria Derr, California State University, Monterey Bay; Antonio Duran, Florida International University; Sue Elliott, University of New England, Australia; Christina Ergler, University of Otago; Ingunn Fjørtoft, University of South-Eastern Norway; Claire Freeman, University of Otago; Samantha Friedman, Northumbria University; Yuya Fukano, Chiba University; Carie Green, South Dakota State University; Sarah Gusler, University of Cincinnati; Matthew Hagler, Yale University; Debra Harwood, Brock University; Harry Heft, Denison University; Ahed Helles, Al-aqsa University; Christine Hempel, Aarhus University; Benjamin Hickerson, UNC Greensboro; Liisa Horelli, Aalto University; Janine Hunter, University of Dundee; Stephen Hunter, University of Alberta; Wanda Hurren, University of Victoria; Steven B. Jackson, North Carolina State University; Susan Jagger, Ryerson University; Lenka Janik Blaskova, University of Exeter; Charlotte Jones, University of Tasmania; Jin-Kyu Jung, University of Washington Bothell; Isami Kinoshita, Chiba University; Angela Kreutz, Deakin University; Erin Largo-Wight, University of North Florida; Rachel Larimore, Michigan State University; Claire Lee, Oxford Brookes University; Susan Letourneau, New York Hall of Science; Janet Loebach, Cornell University; Raejean Lopez, University of Cincinnati; Helen Lynch, University College Cork; Lorraine E. Maxwell, Cornell University; Anne Louise Meincke, University of Dundee; Scott Morrison, Elon University; Kathleen Nolan, St. Francis College; Catriona O'Toole, Maynooth University; Deniz Pamuk, Mersin University; Chelsea Pelletier, UNBC; Barry Percy-Smith, University Huddersfield; Panu Pihkala, University of Helsinki; Pavol Prokop, Comenius University Bratislava; Ann Rossmiller, University of Cincinnati; Gabby Salazar, University of Florida; Loukia Sarroub, University of Nebraska-Lincoln; Kym Simoncini, University of Canberra; Givago Souza, Universidade Federal do Pará; Michael Sulkowski, University of Alabama; Pauline van den Berg, Eindhoven University of Technology; Susan Wake, Unitec Institute of Technology; Robert Warner, University of Utah; Nancy Wells, Cornell University; Yuchang Yuan, University of Cincinnati; Janet Zydney, University of Cincinnati. Children, Youth and Environments EISSN: 15462250 Published by and © University of Cincinnati iii Children, Youth and Environments Vol. 33 No. 1 2023 ISSN 1546-2250 Inside this issue, you will find diverse scholarly work spanning across the globe. We start our trip in Istanbul where Ataol and co-authors studied online artwork elicitations of children to reveal young people’s value as social agents in urban planning and their role in fighting against the continuous challenges our planet faces. Ataol and co-authors also demonstrate that children’s participation better informs when children guide knowledge generation. Crossing the globe, we arrive in Toronto where Souza Donato and co-authors examine how neighborhood landscape affordances relate to children’s play during COVID-19. Findings suggest the greater number of landscape characteristics and the higher the population density is related to decreased time spent outdoors. Additionally, children who had access to trails within their neighborhoods were more likely to spend time outdoors during the pandemic. Moving south, we arrive in the midwestern United States where Altenburger conducted an ethnographic case study examining how building design focused on engagement and safety is used to also support school practices. Ultimately, findings revealed that the educational environment that prioritizes students’ containment to secure sufficient attendance rates leaves the teenagers feeling betrayed and untrusted. Heading across the Atlantic Ocean, we arrive in Scotland where Rae and co-authors looked at the relationship between school environment and identity development to reveal access to social places relates to social identity. Next, we arrive in Sweden, where Almers and co-authors address how primary school children’s perspectives on a ‘good schoolyard’ can be illuminated through envisioning workshops using model-making and explain ways to best engage children through this type of research. Heading to the southern hemisphere, we arrive in Australia where Miller and co-authors investigated the distribution and use of purpose-built nature play spaces to reveal their prevalence and suggest most South Australian schools have facilities to provide nature-based play and learning. We end our world tour in Brazil where Silva and Iared studied children’s sensory responses to green areas around their school to reveal interesting and rich ways urban contexts can be used to spark interest in environmental education. The issue continues with a historical note by van Vilet– detailing the emergence of ‘Hedenesse,’ a self-governing youth village in West Zeeuws-Flanders, The Netherlands, after World War II. This is followed by a report from the field. Dillon and co-authors share their project focusing on outdoor gardening in early childhood education in the United Arab Emirates. We close our issue with Bergamini’s review of Earthquake Children: Building Resilience from the Ruins of Tokyo, by Janet Borland. Happy Reading! Children, Youth and Environments EISSN: 15462250 Published by and © University of Cincinnati iv Children, Youth and Environments Vol. 33 No. 1 2023 ISSN 1546-2250 Table of Contents Articles Co-Generating Urban Knowledge with Children in Istanbul: Children as Urban Investigators and Problem Solvers Özlemnur Ataol, Sukanya Krishnamurthy, Oana Druta, and Pieter van Wesemael 1-24 The Role of Toronto’s Neighborhood Landscape Characteristics in Facilitating Outdoor Play During the COVID-19 Outbreak Cibele Carla Souza Donato, Robert C. Corry, Raktim Mitra, Sarah A. Moore, and Leigh Vanderloo 25-49 Alarm Will Sound: Student Perceptions of Risk-Free Space at School Elke Altenburger 50-75 Social Places and Senior Pupils’ Identity in a Secondary School Environment: An Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis Lynn Rae, Edward Edgerton, and Jim McKechnie 76-100 The Perfect Schoolyard for Future Children: Primary School Children’s Participation in Envisioning Workshops Ellen Almers, Per Askerlund, and Tobias Samuelsson 101-121 Characterizing the Available Outdoor Spaces and Their Use in South Australian Public Primary Schools Nicole C. Miller, Saravana Kumar, Karma L. Pearce, and Katherine L. Baldock 122-143 Aesthetic Experience in the Green Areas of a Brazilian City: An Eco-Phenomenological Approach to Environmental Education Cyntia Thaís da Silva and Valéria Ghisloti Iared 144-160 Historical Note Youth Village Hedenesse: The Rise and Demise of a Progressive Youth Initiative Willem van Vliet-- 161-176 Children, Youth and Environments EISSN: 15462250 Published by and © University of Cincinnati v Children, Youth and Environments Vol. 33 No. 1 2023 ISSN 1546-2250 Report from the Field The Superhero Garden Project: Outdoor Gardening in Early Childhood Education in the United Arab Emirates Anna Marie Dillon, Edward Nichols, and Asia Foster 177-187 Book Reviews Earthquake Children: Building Resilience from the Ruins of Tokyo, by Janet Borland Reviewed by Clara Bergamini 188-190