Volume 33 Number 3 2023 A journal of research, policy and applications Children, Youth and Environments Network University of Cincinnati 1 Children, Youth and Environments EISSN: 15462250 Published by and © University of Cincinnati EDITORS: Dr. Victoria Carr and Dr. Rhonda Brown, University of Cincinnati MANAGING EDITOR: Dr. Leslie Kochanowski, University of Cincinnati EDITORIAL ASSISTANT: Claire Underwood, University of Cincinnati FIELD REPORT EDITORS: Dr. Sue Elliott, University of New England and Dr. Daniela DiGiacomo, University of Kentucky BOOK+MEDIA EDITORS: Dr. Catherine Volpe, University of New England and Dr. Ozlemnur Ataol, Maastricht University SPECIAL PROJECTS EDITOR: Dr. Ann Rossmiller, University of Cincinnati COPY EDITOR: Dr. Jennifer Steffel Johnson, University of Colorado ADVISORY BOARD: Louise Chawla, University of Colorado; Victoria Derr, California State University Monterey Bay; Roger Hart, City University of New York; Lynn Liben, Pennsylvania State University; Vikas Mehta, University of Cincinnati; Robin Moore, North Carolina State University; Fahriye Sancar, University of Colorado; Willem van Vliet, University of Colorado. EDITORIAL REVIEW BOARD: Nicole Ardoin, Stanford University, USA; Mark Blades, University of Sheffield, UK; Caitlin Cahill, Pratt Institute, USA; Sudeshna Chatterjee, Action for Children’s Environments, India; Debra Cushing, Queensland University of Technology, Australia; Victoria Derr, California State University, USA; Janet Dyment, University of Tasmania, Australia; Ingunn Fjørtoft, University of South-Eastern Norway; Claire Freeman, University of Otago, New Zealand; Enakshi Ganguly, HAQ Centre for Child Rights, India; Jorgelina Hardoy, Int’l Institute for Environment & Development, Argentina; Laurie Harmon, University of Wisconsin, USA; Harry Heft, Denison University, USA; Lia Karsten, Universiteit van Amsterdam, Netherlands; Isami Kinoshita, Chiba University, Japan; Angela Kreutz, Deakin University, Australia; Kevin Lalor, Dublin Institute of Technology, Ireland; Jill Litt, University of Colorado, USA; Janet Loebach, Cornell University, USA; Laura Malinin, Colorado State University, USA; Lorraine E. Maxwell, Cornell University, USA; Barry Percy-Smith, University of Huddersfield, UK; Edith Phaswana, Thabo Mbeki African Leadership Institute UNISA, South Africa; Gina Porter, Durham University, UK; Sharon Ergetta Sutton, Parsons The New School, USA; Julia Torquati, University of Nebraska- Lincoln, USA; Nancy Wells, Cornell University, USA The Children, Youth and Environments journal disseminates knowledge and stimulates discussion in support of inclusive and sustainable environments for children and youth everywhere. CYE has a global community and connects the worlds of research, policy and practice. The CYE journal is a peer-reviewed, multi-disciplinary, online journal, highlighting the physical environments where children and youth live, learn, work and play. The journal values the capacity of children and young people to meaningfully participate in the processes that shape their lives, and publishes papers from distinct viewpoints, varied approaches, and diverse cultures and regions around the world. The journal offers researchers a high-quality, refereed outlet for sharing work pertaining to the physical environments that impact the lives of children and youth around the world. The journal publishes papers in the form of research articles, field reports and book/media reviews ranging from quantitative and qualitative empirical research; theoretical, methodological, and historical investigations; critical literature reviews; design analyses; post-occupancy evaluations; policy studies; and program assessments. Children, Youth and Environments appeared as a print journal from 1984-1995 as Children’s Environments Quarterly and Children’s Environments. In 2003, it was revived as an online journal, which now reaches readers in more than 160 countries. Readers and authors include researchers and practitioners in education, childhood studies, geography, sociology, child and youth development, child welfare, child rights advocacy, development studies, architecture, landscape architecture and design, urban design, and planning. CYE is endorsed by UN-Habitat and guided by a distinguished Editorial Advisory Board. For more information visit https://www.cyenetwork.org Cover image from the article How Has the Child-Friendly Cities Initiative Promoted Public Spaces for Children? Sudeshna Chatterjee (Photo Credit: Thomson Reuters Foundation/Sophie Davies) https://www.cyenetwork.org/ 2 Children, Youth and Environments EISSN: 15462250 Published by and © University of Cincinnati Children, Youth and Environments Vol. 33 No. 3 2023 ISSN 1546-2250 Statement on Conflict in Israel and Palestinian Territories CYE’s Editors would like to express their grave concern for the children, youth and people of Israel and the occupied Palestinian Territories. We invoke the United Nations Children's Fund’s (UNICEF) call to “protect children and the civilian infrastructure they rely on, and to immediately, and unconditionally, release all civilian hostages held in the Gaza Strip, especially children” (Russell, 2023). Further, we join the United Nations in their call for a full humanitarian ceasefire (Guterres, 2023). We seek to raise awareness to the consequences of conflict and violence on children’s lives and well-being, including death or physical injury, separation from family members, disruptions in healthcare and education, hunger, malnutrition, and exposure to traumatic events (Save the Children, n.d.). We refer our readers to UNICEF, Save the Children, or other humanitarian organizations to stay informed about the plight of our most vulnerable citizens and lend support to the critical work they do “so that all children can fully enjoy all their rights and the conditions for their development that respond to their intrinsic dignity as human beings” (UN Committee on the Rights of the Child, 2023). CYE is dedicated to bridging theory, research, practice, action, and policy related to protecting children’s environments and promoting their well-being and participation. In the past, CYE has published special issues and other research articles on these and related topics. Although not an exhaustive list, here are a few references in reverse chronological order: Special Issue (2013). Children, violence, community and the physical environment. Children, Youth and Environments, 23(1), including: Lalor, K. (2013). Children, violence, community and the physical environment: Foreword to the special Issue. Children, Youth and Environments, 23(1), i-vii. https://doi.org/10.1353/cye.2013.0008 McAlister, S., Haydon, D., & Scraton, P. (2013). Violence in the lives of children and youth in “post-conflict” Northern Ireland. Children, Youth and Environments, 23(1), 1-22. https://doi.org/10.1353/cye.2013.0001 MacNeil, C. (2013). Supporting asset-based youth and community development in conflict zones: A training example from the Democratic Republic of the Congo. Children, Youth and Environments, 23(1), 211-220. https://doi-org.uc.idm.oclc.org/10.1353/cye.2013.0003 Special Issue (2007). Pushing the boundaries: Critical international perspectives on child and youth participation-Focus on the Middle East and North Africa and Africa. Children, Youth and Environments, 17(3), including: PYALARA (2007). No wall can stop us: PYALARA in pictures. Children, Youth and Environments, 17(3), https://doi-org.uc.idm.oclc.org/10.1353/cye.2007.0052 Hart, J. (2007). Empowerment or frustration? Participatory programming with young Palestinians. Children, Youth and Environments, 17(3), 1-23. https://doi-org.uc.idm.oclc.org/10.1353/cye.2007.0043 https://doi.org/10.1353/cye.2013.0008 https://doi.org/10.1353/cye.2013.0001 https://doi-org.uc.idm.oclc.org/10.1353/cye.2013.0003 https://doi-org.uc.idm.oclc.org/10.1353/cye.2007.0052 https://doi-org.uc.idm.oclc.org/10.1353/cye.2007.0043 3 Children, Youth and Environments EISSN: 15462250 Published by and © University of Cincinnati Hammad, S., & Bakri, T. (2007). Learning by doing: The experience of popular achievement in Palestine. Children, Youth and Environments, 17(3), 24-48. https://doi-org.uc.idm.oclc.org/10.1353/cye.2007.0038 Thompson, E., & Arsalan, L. (2007). Preparing youth for leadership roles in changing environments: The Jordan experience. Children, Youth and Environments, 17(3), 49-65. https://doi- org.uc.idm.oclc.org/10.1353/cye.2007.0039 Rosen, D. M. (2007). [Review of the book Children and War by J. Marten, Ed.]. Children, Youth and Environments, 17(3), 247-250. https://doi.org/10.1353/cye.2007.0053 Nepal, S.C.N. (2005). Working with “local governance” in a conflict situation: The experience of Save the Children Norway in Nepal. Children, Youth and Environments, 15(2), 290-298. https://doi- org.uc.idm.oclc.org/10.1353/cye.2005.0014 Boyden, J. (2003). Children under fire: Challenging assumptions about children's resilience. Children, Youth and Environments, 13(1), 1-29. https://doi.org/10.1353/cye.2003.0017 We call on researchers and practitioners to expand the knowledge base on these topics by submitting proposals for special issues of the journal, research papers, field reports, and position papers that examine how environments, design, and projects and programs influence children and youth who experience war, violence, and conflict, as well as their efforts to organize and advocate for their own safety and well-being in tumultuous circumstances. References Guterres, A. (2023, November 27). Noting ‘guns have fallen silent’, hostages, prisoners released, Secretary-General urges continued dialogue between parties aimed at full humanitarian ceasefire. UN. https://press.un.org/en/2023/sgsm22050.doc.htm Russell, C. (2023, November 22). UNICEF Executive Director Catherine Russell’s remarks. At the UN Security Council briefing on the protection of children in Gaza. UNICEF. https://www.unicef.org/press-releases/unicef-executive- director-catherine-russells-remarks-un-security-council-briefing Save the Children, (n.d.). 5 ways children are impacted by. The Gaza Israel conflict. Retrieved November 27, 2023, from https://www.savethechildren.org/us/charity-stories/ways-gaza-israel-conflict-impacting-children United Nations (2023, November 1). UN Child Rights Committee condemns killing of children in Gaza Strip, from https://www.ohchr.org/en/press-releases/2023/11/un-child-rights-committee-condemns-killing-children-gaza-strip https://doi-org.uc.idm.oclc.org/10.1353/cye.2007.0038 https://doi-org.uc.idm.oclc.org/10.1353/cye.2007.0039 https://doi-org.uc.idm.oclc.org/10.1353/cye.2007.0039 https://doi.org/10.1353/cye.2007.0053 https://doi-org.uc.idm.oclc.org/10.1353/cye.2005.0014 https://doi-org.uc.idm.oclc.org/10.1353/cye.2005.0014 https://doi.org/10.1353/cye.2003.0017 4 Children, Youth and Environments EISSN: 15462250 Published by and © University of Cincinnati Children, Youth and Environments Vol. 33 No. 3 2023 ISSN 1546-2250 Editorial Changes: Dr. Vikas Mehta joins CYE Advisory Board after 7 years as Co-Editor The Children, Youth and Environments Editorial Team would like to extend its sincere appreciation to Dr. Vikas Mehta for his significant contributions to the journal. His creative vision for CYE and expertise regarding equitable and communicative environments have been instrumental for ensuring that the articles we publish are of the highest quality. His harmonious collegiality enriched our collective responsibility for the publication of the journal over the past eight years and we look forward to a continued professional relationship with him in his new role as a CYE Advisory Board member. Dr. Mehta, Professor of Urbanism, is the Fruth/Gemini Chair, and Ohio Eminent Scholar of Urban/Environmental Design at the University of Cincinnati. His published works on public spaces questions why these spaces matter and how we might realize their potential. His esthetic lens is evident in the inaugural exhibition celebrating the stewardship transfer of CYE from University Colorado – Boulder to the University of Cincinnati in 2016. It can be viewed on our website at cyenetwork.org. Remembering Yolanda Corona The CYE community lost a dear colleague this year when Dr. Yolanda Corona Caraveo passed on to the ancestors. A professor in the Department of Education and Communication at the Autonomous Metropolitan University, Xochimilco, Yolanda committed her academic life to elevating voices of children, particularly the Indigenous children of Mexico. She published in both Spanish and English, contributing more than 20 articles and book chapters and 12 books which focused on children’s rights, their appropriation of public space, their relationships with nature, and the role of play, culture, and arts in their lives. Yolanda also facilitated more than 20 years of children’s rights workshops for teachers and cultural promoters, and was a leader of the Latin American Red de Investigación y Reflexión con Niños (Research and Reflection with Children Network). She was an early proponent of children’s participation, and helped shape the perspective that participation is not only a process for planning and governance but also a central aspect of daily life for children in diverse communities around the world. In her final years, Yolanda also was dedicated to promoting children and youth voices and agency for climate justice. Yolanda leaves a legacy of hundreds of students and colleagues who have been deeply impacted by her spirit of joy, care, and generosity. Yolanda built friendships no matter where she went. Beyond academia, Yolanda was a loving mother, wife, and dear friend to many, a talented painter, and a warm and supportive member of her community in Tepoztlán. Her work will live on through the many hearts and minds she has touched. Descanse en paz. http://cyenetwork.org/ 5 Children, Youth and Environments EISSN: 15462250 Published by and © University of Cincinnati Children, Youth and Environments Vol. 33 No. 3 2023 ISSN 1546-2250 Call for Submissions The Children, Youth and Environments Journal is inviting submissions for research articles, field reports, and book/media reviews that contribute to the discourse in the following areas: ● Quantitative and qualitative empirical research ● Theoretical, methodological, and historical investigations ● Critical literature reviews ● Design analyses ● Post-occupancy evaluations ● Policy studies ● Program assessments For more information about submission guidelines and processes, please visit the CYE submission page. For all additional questions, please contact cyenetwork@gmail.com. We’re excited to read your work! Inside this Issue Inside this issue, you will find diverse scholarly work spanning across the globe. We start a thorough review of the Child-Friendly Cities Initiative across 24 countries spanning the last 30 years. Chatterjee navigates common criticisms to the initiative to demonstrate how this work has promoted public spaces for children. Next, we head to Honolulu, Hawai’i where Kong and colleagues explore the connection between place-based cultural education and well-being among Native Hawaiian youth as they engage in restoring a royal Native Hawaiian fishpond. In California, Derr and coauthors investigated how sustainability practices take shape and unfold in historically excluded schools who have won sustainability awards to reveal three domains of a sustainability-in-place model. Heading inland to cover the United States and Canada, Meltzer and coauthors investigated factors related to teenagers’ loneliness during the COVID-19 pandemic. Findings suggest potential policies to help teens during similar crises. Returning to California, Minaravesh and coauthors investigated the development of fourth grader children’s environmental attitudes in the South Bay Region, a historically environmentally disadvantaged neighborhood that are rarely heard from in these types of studies. Findings from focus group data suggests children conveyed positive eco-perspectives despite unfavorable local conditions. Then we make our way east across the globe to Vienna, where Stark and coauthors conducted a case study connecting the influence of redesigning the infrastructure surrounding an elementary school on students’ mobility behavior. The issue continues with a report from the field in Thailand where Nunma and Kanki analyzed the Foundation of Child Development’s strategic mural creation to show how they facilitated child-centric activities in vibrant play spaces. We close our issue with two book reviews: Ellinger’s review of High-Quality Outdoor Learning: Evidence-based Education Outside the Classroom for Children, Teachers and Society, edited by Rolf Jucker and Jakob von Au, and Gull’s review of Naturally Inclusive: Engaging Children of All Abilities Outdoors, by Ruth Wilson. Happy Reading! https://www.cyenetwork.org/submit http://cyenetwork@gmail.com 6 Children, Youth and Environments EISSN: 15462250 Published by and © University of Cincinnati Children, Youth and Environments Vol. 33 No. 3 2023 ISSN 1546-2250 Table of Contents Articles How Has the Child-Friendly Cities Initiative Promoted Public Spaces for Children? Sudeshna Chatterjee 1-34 Restoring a Royal Fishpond with Native Hawaiian Youth: Traditional Ecological Knowledge Fosters Well-Being and Relational Virtuosity Thao N. Le, Sera Kong, Shawn Patrick Kalani, Bruce Keaulani, and Kehaulani Lum 35-69 Blurring Boundaries and Realizing Just Potential: How Diverse California Schools Enact Sustainability-in-Place Victoria Derr, Red Glines, and Cristan Molinelli-Ruberto 70-91 Overcoming Isolation: An Exploratory Analysis of Factors Related to Teenagers’ Connectedness to Others During the COVID-19 Pandemic Gabriella Meltzer, Tony Dinh, Nnenia Campbell, Alice Fothergill, and Christine Gibb 92-126 “Everyone Can Help the Earth”: Environmental Dispositions of Elementary Students in Los Angeles California’s South Bay Bita Minaravesh, Darren Ruddell, and Jennifer B. Unger 127-151 Active and Independent Mobility on the Way to School: Case Study of the Redesign of the Infrastructure Surrounding Bunte Schule Währing in the City of Vienna Juliane Stark, Sebastian Kaiser, and Florian Aschauer 152-183 Reports from the Field The Role of the Foundation of Child Development and Murals in Empowering Children’s and Community Transformation in Bangkok Pilaiporn Nunma and Kiyoko Kanki 184-194 7 Children, Youth and Environments EISSN: 15462250 Published by and © University of Cincinnati Children, Youth and Environments Vol. 33 No. 3 2023 ISSN 1546-2250 Book Reviews High-Quality Outdoor Learning: Evidence-based Education Outside the Classroom for Children, Teachers and Society, edited by Rolf Jucker and Jakob von Au Reviewed by Jan Ellinger 195-197 Naturally Inclusive: Engaging Children of All Abilities Outdoors, by Ruth Wilson Reviewed by Carla Gull 198-200