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8 
 

 Chinese Traditional Medical Journal 
 

 

Effect of Planned Teaching Programme on Knowledge of School 

Teachers regarding First Aid Management in Selected Schools of 

Kanniyakumari District. 

Dr. Arul Valan. P1, Dr. Gopinath Subramanian 2, Sheeba. B 3 

1. HOD & Professor, Department of Medical Surgical Nursing, Dr Kumaraswami 

Health Centre CON, Kanyakumari, India. 

2. Principal, Mythili College of Nursing, Nellore. 

3. Professor, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Nursing, Venkateshwara 

Nursing College, Chennai. 

 

 

Background  

First Aid is the immediate assistance or 

treatment given to the person who is 

injured or suddenly falls ill, before the 

arrival of an ambulance, a doctor or an 

appropriately qualified person. The famous 

Surgeon General Esmarch of Germany 

conceptualised the idea of First Aid in the 

later period of 18th century. Each school-

going child has faced one or more injuries 

Abstract— T Safe childhood is the foundation of a good future. Children face different kinds of accidents at school 

premises while playing. Prevention of these accidents and their management is essential. A study was therefore conducted 

among school teachers at Agastheeswaram, Kanniyakumari to make them aware about different accidents of children at 

school premises and their first aid management. The sample consisted of 30 primary and higher primary school teachers 

selected by Random sampling technique. The analysis showed that improvement of knowledge occurred after adminis tering 

planned teaching programme (PTP) on first aid management. The data reveals that post test knowledge score mean(30.9+9.61) is 

significantly Higher than the mean pre test anxiety score (49.6+14.106).The calculated t value(t29=6.001,P0.05) at 0.05 level of Knowledge. 

There is significant difference between mean pretest and post test Knowledge score and it shows that planned teaching programme is effective 

in importing knowledge among school teachers. Nursing professionals can benefit from the study result at the area of community, 

administration, research and education. 

 Keywords: Knowledge, First aid Management, School teachers 

 



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in the school. Therefore, next to the 

parents at home, the teachers are the 

responsible persons to look after the child; 

as the teacher spends most of the time with 

the children, their knowledge of what 

action to be taken in times of minor and 

major injuries are crucial for the student 

safety. Therefore, to maintain student 

safety in school, knowledge of First aid 

was mandatory for school teachers. 

Preventive measures may be instrumental 

in saving life and ensuring better and more 

rapid recovery of the child who has 

sustained injury. Conditions that require 

immediate attention to avert death include 

cessation of breathing i.e. asphyxia, severe 

bleeding, poisoning, fracture, fainting, 

bites and stings, burns and drowning. 

According to Red Cross among these 

injuries there are few common injuries that 

often occur at the school. These include 

fall (82%), fracture (49%), and ingestion 

of foreign body (0.5%). The focus of 

health and safety in the school as a 

workplace is on the prevention of illnesses 

and injuries. 

Objectives of the study  

1. To assess the knowledge regarding First 

aid management among school teachers 

before and after administering the planned 

teaching programme (PTP).  

2. To assess the effectiveness of planned 

teaching programme on knowledge among 

school teachers regarding First aid 

management by comparing pre-test and 

post-test knowledge score.  

3. To determine the association between 

the pre-test knowledge score of school 

teachers with selected demographic 

variables. 

Hypothesis 

H1: There will be significant 

association between selected demographic 

variables and pre-test knowledge scores of 

school teachers regarding knowledge of 

First aid management. 

 Literature review 

Review of literature 

A descriptive study was conducted 

to evaluate the first aid knowledge and 

attitude of primary school teachers at 

Turkish primary schools. Total of 312 

teachers took part in the study, among 

them 65.1 percent gave incorrect answer 

regarding Epistaxis, 63.5 percent for bee 

stings and 88.5 percent for abrasion. The 

study revealed that most of the teachers do 

not have correct knowledge and attitudes 

about first aid; it was also found that with 

increasing age of teachers, appropriate first 

aid practice becomes more and more 

unlikely. 

Another study to evaluate the level 

of knowledge about first aid among 79 

school teachers (28 males and 51 females) 

and 227 secondary students (34 males and 

193 females) in Poland, showed after 7 

surveys that 57 students were having good 



CTMJ | traditionalmedicinejournals.com Chinese Traditional Medicine Journal | 2024 | Vol 7 |Issue 6 

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knowledge but 163 possessed inadequate 

knowledge level. 

In yet another similar study among 

100 teachers from two high schools it was 

found that after application of standardised 

questionnaire on First aid, half of the 

respondents know rules of giving first aid, 

and only one third declared that they can 

put this rule in practice. 

Methodology  

A pre-experimental, with one 

group pre-test posttest design was 

used for the study, with planned 

teaching programme. The study was 

done in Gnanadeepam Matric 

Higher Secondary School, 

Kanyakumari District. Subjects 

were selected by simple random 

sampling technique. Among 45 staff 

30 staff was selected by lottery 

method. Ethical clearance was 

obtained from the institution. Written 

con sent was obtained from the school 

authorities and the participants after 

explaining the   purpose   of the 

study.   Structured   knowledge   

questionnaire was   developed by the   

researcher.   

 

Table: 1 Frequency and percentage distribution of school teachers 

Demographic 

Variables  

Frequency  Percentage  

Age in Years 

Below 25Yrs  15 50 

25-35 Yrs  08 26.67 

36-46 Yrs  06 20 

47- 60Yrs  01 3.33 

Sex  

Male  08 26.67 

Female  22 73.33 

 

Less than 5 Yrs  17 56.67 

5- 10 Yrs  07 23.33 

Above 10 Yrs  06 20 

   

Married  20 66.67 

Unmarried  10 33.33 



CTMJ | traditionalmedicinejournals.com Chinese Traditional Medicine Journal | 2024 | Vol 7 |Issue 6 

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No children  13 43.33 

One child  08 26.67 

Two children  08 26.67 

More than two children  01 3.33 

 

Graduate with B.Ed 07 23.33 

Postgraduate with B.Ed  18 60 

PUC with TCH  03 10 

Doctorate   02 6.67 

 

Attended  06 20 

Not attended  24 80 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Figure: 1 Frequency and percentage distribution of school teachers according to 

experience of giving first aid  

 

 

 

 

 

 

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

20

YES NO

10

20

24

6

Yes

No



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igure: 2 Frequency and percentage distribution of school teachers according to Need of 

first aid training   

 

Table 2: pre test post test knowledge regarding first aid management among school 

teachers  

n=30 

Knowledge level Pretest Posttest 

 

Frequency Percentage Frequency Percentage 

Poor (Below 50%) 12 40% 00 00 

Moderate (51-75%) 18 60% 01 3.33% 

Adequate (Above 75%) 00 00 29 96.67% 

 

Table 3: Range of score, Mean, Median and standard deviation and t value of pretest 

and post test level of Knowledge regarding First aid management   

n=30 

 Range of 

score 

mean median SD Mean 

difference 

t’value DF 

Pre test 31-69 49.6 54.5 14.106  

18.7 

 

6.001 

 

29 Post test 18-58 30.9 28 9.61 

‘t’ value=2.05,P<0.05 

Table shows that post test Knowledge 

score was in the range of 18-58 which was 

lower than the pre test range 31-69.The 

data reveals that post test knowledge score 

mean(30.9+9.61) is significantly Higher 

than the mean pre test anxiety score 

(49.6+14.106).The calculated t 

value(t29=6.001,P0.05) at 0.05 level of 

Knowledge. There is significant difference 

between mean pretest and post test 

Knowledge score and it shows that 

planned teaching programme is effective 

in importing knowledge among school 

teachers. 

Discussion  

The findings of this study 

revealed that the mean post-test score 

was significantly higher than their 

mean   pre-test   score.   The   

calculated   ‘ t ’    value (t=6.001, 

<0.05) were greater than the table 

value at 0.05.  The nursing personnel 



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have challenge to provide standard 

and quality nursing care. Through 

the education the nursing the school 

teachers will be able to know all the 

aspects of child safety by taking the 

preventive measures of injuries and 

method of providing first aid at the 

incident. Hence it is concluded that 

there is highly significant gain in 

knowledge of primary & higher 

primary school teachers through 

planned teaching programme 

regarding   First aid management. 

Recommendations 

Based on findings of the study the 

following recommendations are 

made: 

1. The same study can be 

undertaken with a large sample 

to generalize the findings. 

2. The study can be under- taken 

with a control group. 

3. A study can be undertaken on 

parents for first aid 

management. 

Conclusion 

The structured teaching 

programme regarding First aid 

management was instructionally 

effective, appropriate and feasible 

and can be used to   train the teachers 

in different health aspects for 

improving the health of the school 

going children. 

References 

1. St John Ambulance: The Authorised 

Manual of First aid manual.7th edn, 

1997. Britain: Dorling Kindersley 

Publishers, pp 1-40 

2. Kum Samant. First Aid Manual 

Accident & Emergency.1st edn, 

2004. Mumbai: Vora Medical 

Publication, pp 1-6, 81-95, 242-60 

3. Neelam Makhija. Introduction to 

Nursing Research.1st edn, 2005. 

India: AP Jain & Co, pp 45-67, 103-

23 

4. Singh AK. Tests, Measurement & 

Research Methods in Behavioral 

Science. 3rd edn, 2004. India: 

Bharathi Bhawan Publishers & Dis- 

tributors, pp 287, 375 

5. Nancy Burn, Susan K Grove. 

Practice of Nursing Research, Con- 

duct, and Critique & Utilization. 5th 

edn, 2005. New Delhi: Elsevier 

Saunders, pp 341-67 

6. Denise F Polit, Beck Tatano: Nursing 

Research: Generating and Assessing 

Evidence for Nursing Practice. 8th 

edn, 2008. New Delhi: Wolters Kluer, 

pp 248-79 

7. Sundar Rao PSS, Richard J. An 

introduction to Biostatistics: A 

Manual for Students in Health 



CTMJ | traditionalmedicinejournals.com Chinese Traditional Medicine Journal | 2024 | Vol 7 |Issue 6 

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Sciences. 3rd edn, 2004. India: 

Prentice Hall Private Ltd, pp 16-22, 

56, 93-100 

8. http://www.wikipedia.org.html 

9. http://thiaindianews.co.in/akcw.html 

 

http://www.wikipedia.org.html/
http://thiaindianews.co.in/akcw.html

