









































A Brief Discussion on Chinese Medicine Behaviour and Prescription Compatibility


CTMJ | traditionalmedicinejournals.com Chinese Traditional Medicine Journal | 2025 | Vol 8 |Issue 3 
9   

 

Abstract: In recent years, Chinese medicine (CM) has been more popular, which has piqued the interest of both 

researchers and clinicians in its origins and effects. This is particularly true in light of the news that the World 

Health Organization has included CM in its mainstream medical compendium and the encouraging results that came 

from using CM during the most recent pandemic. Chinese medicine is based on the concepts of organ-directedness, 

taste, and dynamic orientational behaviors, and each plant has its own unique set of pharmacological effects. It is 

unusual for a CM prescription to include a single herb. The majority of prescription formulas include at least two 

components. The impacts of CM need to be clearly revealed. Complicating matters further, one must consider the 

compound reactions of different herbs, the body's absorption and utilization rates, the individuality of the body, the 

subtypes of abnormal behaviors, and the time-line advancement of the healing process in order to comprehend the 

whole impact of CM. When taking the development timeline into account, theories like Global Systems Biology for 

Integrative Genomics, Proteomics, and Metabolomics; Pathophysiology Guidance; and the Pharmacokinetic-

Pharmacodynamic Compatibility Method all work together to give a fuller picture of the effects of compatibility 

prescription. 

 
 

Chinese Traditional Medical Journal 
 

Behavior in Chinese Medicine and Prescription Compatibility: 
A Concise Overview 

Aishwarya, Chinmayi 
1,2 Academy of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, 

China 

Received on:  21 Jan 2025   Revised on: 20 Mar 2025   Accepted Date: 25 April 2025  

Published on: 8 June 2025 

 

 

 

Background of Compatibility of Herbs in a 
Formular 

Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has a long 

history of success in preventing, treating, and 

managing illness, and its practices are being 

integrated into contemporary healthcare systems. 

The medical and healthcare communities 

throughout the globe are showing a growing interest 

in and funding for the scientific study of Chinese 

medicine (CM).  

Interest in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has 

skyrocketed for a number of reasons, including the 

2015 Nobel Prize in medicine for Tu YouYou's 

discovery of artemisinin as a treatment for malaria 

and the most recent acknowledgment of traditional 

medicine in the World Health Organization's 

influential global medical compendium. Be advised 

that artemisinin does not meet the criteria for CM; 

rather, it is a herbal medication (or herbal extract) 

derived from the plant Artemisia apiacea. Following 

the guidelines laid forth in the Basic Foundation 

Theory of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), a 

traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) prescription 

would often include a synergistic blend of herbs with 

complementary medicinal effects. A distinctive 

aspect of syndrome differentiation, a technique of 

TCM diagnosis, is the use of herbs that are 

compatible with the patient's condition. The capacity 

to adjust to new circumstances is a hallmark of 

compatibility herbs. When it comes to treating 

complicated conditions, herb compatibility is 

preferable since it lessens the likelihood of adverse 

effects while increasing the effectiveness of 

medications. 

 
 

  



CTMJ | traditionalmedicinejournals.com Chinese Traditional Medicine Journal | 2025 | Vol 8 |Issue 3 

 

10   
 

 

Research into the medicinal and physiological effects of 

common herbs began in China in the 1950s and has 

continued to this day. It is possible that more has to be 

discovered at the prescription level in vivo5,6 before 

the entire impact of Chinese herbal medicine's qualities 

can be shown in clinical application. Understanding the 

human body's medication absorption process and the 

compatibility of herbs in a prescription may be 

necessary for further clinical substantiation of TCM 

prescriptions' effectiveness.  

The absorption of drug components, effects of the 

direct action of the substances in the body, and intrinsic 

compatibility should thus take precedence over 

changes in drug quality and quantity (apparent 

compatibility) when studying the compatibility of herbs 

within a prescription. This may represent the 

compatibility and effectiveness of conventional CM 

based on the total metabolic alterations caused by the 

inherent compatibility of prescriptions and the 

investigation of components (institutions-in vitro-and-

in vivo).  

Here are some key points from the TCM prescription 

interactive research, according to Li7: (1) the 

composition ranking in four groups (Jun, Chen, Zuo, 

Shi); (2) compatibility based on seven emotions; (3) 

herb properties and flavors; (4) dosage and ratio of 

interactive ingredients, which impact the prescription's 

efficacy and nature; and (5) environmental factors, 

which impact the prescription's efficacy. 8.  

A pharmacodynamic analysis of the TCM prescription's 

compatibility reveals that amalgamation creates novel 

compounds with altered chemical compositions and 

active components. The building blocks of 

pharmacodynamic substances include, for instance, 

inorganic chemicals, small molecules (such as volatile 

oils, alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, etc.), and bio-

macromolecules (such as peptides, proteins, 

glycopeptides, polysaccharides, etc.). One way that 

modern research can be approached is by looking at 

how the drug's composition changes in vitro after herbs 

are considered compatible. Another way is by 

considering the biotransformation that occurs after the 

drug reaches the body, including changes in the basis of 

pharmacodynamic substances, absorption, distribution, 

metabolism, and excretion (ADME)9,10. Herbal 

prescription compatibility studies may also make use of 

molecular gene expression data. As an example, 

research on the post-intervention pattern features of 

cell, cardiomyocyte, and endothelial cell gene 

expression patterns  

 

is possible, and it need to center on how medications 

influence the regulation and expression of genes. 

. 

Efficacy and Toxicity 

Herb Temperature, the Four Qi, the Five Tastes, the 

Channel Tropism, and other individual properties form 

the basis of traditional Chinese herb study. These 

properties include heat, neutrality, coolness, and saltiness, 

as well as the following: sourness, bitterness, sweetness, 

acridity, and saltiness, with the additional qualities of 

blandness and astringency. The foundation of 

compatibility formulae is the interaction between herbs. 

This can take the form of synergistic interactions like 

Xiang Xu and Xiang Shi, or antagonistic interactions like 

Xiang Wu, Incompatibility, Suppression, and Mutual 

Counteraction. 12. According to the Traditional Chinese 

Medicine (TCM) book "Shen Nong's Herbal Classic" (Shen 

Nong Ben Cao Jing0)12,13, the Chinese herbal medicine 

formulas are categorized into seven compatible 

relationships: "Single effect, Mutual Reinforcement, 

Mutual Assistance, Mutual Restraint, Mutual 

Detoxification, Mutual Inhibition, Antagonism," which 

represents the transformation of drug effectiveness and 

toxicity following TCM compatibility. The four main 

modifications that have resulted from herbal medicine's 

compatibility are as follows: increased effectiveness, 

decreased toxicity, decreased efficacy, and increased 

toxicity. The metabolites of Paeonia lactiflora (Baishao) 

and Toosendan Fuctus (Chuanlianzi) were studied by 

Wang14 using Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR). 

Comparing the groups that have both Toosendan Fuctus 

and Paeonia lactiflora shows that the changes in urinal 

metabolites (such as succinic acid, formic acid, glucose, 

creatine/creatinine, lactic acid, glutamine, trimethylamine 

N-oxide, and 2-ketoglutaric acid) are not as pronounced in 

the latter group. The results demonstrate that Paeonia 

lactiflor mitigates the harmful effects of Toosendan 

Fuctus.  

As part of their investigation of Zuojin Pill's 

pharmacokinetics in rats, Ni et al.15 intragastrically gave 

SD rats a decoction of the herb together with berberine 

(Huanglian) and tetradium ruticarpum (Wuzhuyu). The 

amounts of berberine and rutaecarpine were determined 

and calculated using the high performance liquid 

chromatography (HPLC) technique. An increase in 

berberine and ruticarpum concentrations occurred 

approximately half an hour after Zuojin Pill 

administration; at this point, ruticarpum was able to 

better inhibit gastrointestinal motility, which protected 

the gastric mucosa, and maintain its anti-inflammatory 

and antibacterial effects. 

Zhong16 and other research reports on the effects 

of Chinese materia medica (CMM) compound in recent 

years, with the compatibility of two TCMs, compatibility 



CTMJ | traditionalmedicinejournals.com Chinese Traditional Medicine Journal | 2025 | Vol 8 |Issue 3 

 

11   
 

 

of traditional Chinese prescriptions, and compatibility of 

monomer components, concluded that the compatibility 

of CM mainly achieve its effect of reducing toxicity and 

increasing efficiency. 

Research Approach 

Reports by Deng5 and Zhang11 stressed the need to 
compare the direct combination form grounded in 
prescription theories with the combination form grounded 
in effectiveness. On the one hand, the latter's mechanism 
may support existing theories of conventional 
combinations; on the other, it might inspire the creation of 
novel combinations with more targeted effects and more 
study potential. But while we're looking for scientific proof 
of Chinese medicine's efficacies, we mustn't lose sight of 
Chinese medicine theory; otherwise, the results of these 
studies could be theoretical and not applicable to real-
world clinical practice.  
Discovering biomarkers18,19, early illness diagnosis20, 
pathogenesis21,22, and pharmaceutical impact 
evaluation23 are all areas where metabolomics is now 
making a big splash. Studies on cancer, cardiovascular 
disease, diabetes, and other serious illnesses have made 
use of all of these. Huanglian Jiedu Decoction was shown to 
have a favorable intervention effect in two heaty 
syndromes by Liu et al.28 using metabolomics technology. 
Through urinary metabolomics research, Zhao et al.29 
examined the effects of the Erzhi Pill on endogenous 
metabolites in naturally aging mice. They discovered 36 
alterations in these metabolites, which may enhance the 
body's immunity. It aids in metabolism, controls endocrine 
function, eliminates free radicals, and controls nerve 
activity. Additionally, it slows down the aging process by 
acting on several levels, routes, and targets.  
For their study, Qu et al. (30) utilized the "Banxia Xiexin 
Decoction" formula as an example. They synthesized four 
components—saponins baicalin, berberine, ginsenoside, 
and glycyrrhizic acid—from the decoction and used them 
to create immunized animals, clones, and models to 
investigate the biological pathway and interaction of the 
formula's components. To examine the in vivo 
mechanisms and compatibility of the primary ingredients 
in "Banxia Xiexin Decoction," we first created monoclonal 
hybridoma cell lines by cell fusion, then produced 
monoclonal antibodies, and finally developed appropriate 
immunoassay procedures. The immunoassay technique 
(IAT) is said to be more specific than conventional 
methods like gas chromatography (GC), high-performance 
liquid chromatography (HPLC), or liquid chromatography-
mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS). IAT incorporates a number 
of technical modalities, including radioimmunoassay 
(RIA), enzyme immunoassay (EIA), and fluorescence 
immunoassay, and it is quick, easy, and very sensitive.  
 
(FIA), solid phase immunosensor, chemiluminescence 
immunoassay, etc. 

Current Research Methods 

Wang, et al31 used principles from the pharmaco 

metabolomics of chinmediformulae, and PK-PD binding 

theory on the direct effect of prescription compatibility on 

the overall effect in the body, to analyse the compatibility 

of the composition of “Yinchenhao Decoction”. Using UPLC/ 

MS technology, 45 compounds were identified from in vitro 

samples of “Yinchenhao Decoction” concoctions in vivo to 

reveal the pharmacological properties and compatibility of 

ADME/T. 

Xu32 suggested that many experimental studies had 

neglected the theoretical connotation of TCM in combination 

with prescriptions. In order to study the compatibility 

mechanism of prescriptions, a research method of “targeted 

drug combination of disease pathophysiology guidance” 

was proposed. This theory uses the specific disease- 

syndrome- target prescription combination approach to 

understand the multi-targeted effect of Chinese herbal 

compound in the body. This theory suggests that the 

“functional unit” should be highlighted when studying the 

drug target, such as (1) cell function unit: pathway signal/ 

metabolic pathway; (2) tissue and organ function unit: 

vascular smooth muscle-nerve-humoral regulation; (3) 

whole body function unit of depression: Central nervous 

system and endocrine system, the combination of the 

thalamus-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis. 

Wang, et al33 reports the focus of research on the 

prescription theory in the prescription itself and its dynamic 

process (pharmacokinetics). It is proposed that the research 

method can together focus on the pharmacokinetic- 

pharmacodynamic compatibility of the “chemical 

composition of CM” and “intestinal micro-ecological 

balance” in the syndrome-prescription TCM theory. Five 

steps were proposed to use the pharmacodynamics(PD) 

and pharmacokinetics(PK) biomarkers parameters for 

analysis, that is, to explain the compatibility of CM herbs 

from the intrinsic requirements of the whole TCM theory. 

Prescription Compatibility in Molecular, Genomic 
and Systemic Studies for Various Illnesses 

AIDS 

In July 2006, the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) 
approved the launch of Atripla, a new anti-AIDS drug, which 

is a combination of three FDA-approved drugs, Viread, 

Emtriva and Sustiva, for a “cocktail therapy” combination. 

This fully shows that the mainstream international society 

also recognizes the limitations of the Western single drug 

model, and begins to learn from the CM mode of compound 

drug use34. American professor Leory Hood first integrated 

genomics, proteomics and computation into what is known 



CTMJ | traditionalmedicinejournals.com Chinese Traditional Medicine Journal | 2025 | Vol 8 |Issue 3 

 

12   
 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

 
Figure 2: Pharmaco-Metabonomic Modelling Procedure 

Notes: spectroscopic data on pre-dose metabolic fingerprints (X matrix) from biofluids such as urine and plasma are statistically linked 
to outcome [quantitative toxicity (Y1) drug metabolism (Y2) matrixes] of a drug intervention via multivariate statistics such as partial 
least squares methods. Typically, 20%–50% of all data is used in the training set construction. The predictive power of the models is then 
tested using a test set or a cross-validation set to assess model robustness. It is also possible as an additional test to avoid overfitting of 
data, to deliberately permute the training set matrixes to induce a false model that should have a very low predictive capability. 

 

as the Integrative Systems Biology35, the significance of 

which is to study the inter-relationship between various 

elements  in  the  biological  systems36.  Based  on  the 

established metabolomics approach, Professor Nicholson 

proposed Global Systems Biology for Integrative Genomics, 

Proteomics and Metabolomics37. Attachment: Figures 1-338. 

 

 
 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

 
Figure 1: Relationships between Systems Biology, Personalized Healthcare and Molecular Epidemiology 

Notes: dotted lines indicate indirect connections or influences 



CTMJ | traditionalmedicinejournals.com Chinese Traditional Medicine Journal | 2025 | Vol 8 |Issue 3 

 

13   
 

 

 
 

Li, et al39 pointed out that the usage of a combinatory 

of the effective components is different from the “cocktail 

therapy” adopted by (highly active antiretroviral 

therapy （HAART) in the research and methodology for 

treating AIDS. The latter is made up of several antiviral 

chemical monomers, whose main target is the human 

immunodeficiency virus (HIV), and the “combinatory of 

effective components group” belongs to the CM treatment 

system, which complies with the compatibility rules of 

“Jun, Chen, Zuo, Shi” and “Seven Emotions” for targeted 

treatment. The molecular basis and targeted treatment 

from this system could be multiple. Using the “Kangai 

Baosheng Pills” for treatment of AIDS as an example, 

this concoction consists of Astragalus （Huang qi) that 

can regulate immunity, and Viola philippica (Zihua 

Diding) which inhibits the virus. The compounded effect 

produced by the complimentary use of these 2 herbs 

in the concoction is obviously higher than that of the 

single-flavoured medicine or from the disassembled 

prescription. 

Cancer 

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common 
primary liver malignancy and is a leading cause of cancer- 

related death worldwide. Progressive development of 

anti-cancer drugs such as kinase inhibitors Sorafenib and 

Lenvatinib, or monoclonal antibody Ramucirumab, tend to 

exhibit low response and high toxicity. 

In the competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) regulation 

mechanism, MicroRNA (miRNA) response element (MRE) 
is the binding site of mRNA and miRNA, 

serving as a natural molecular sponge for miRNA, 
miRNA in turn inhibits its target by binding with MRE, 
causing translational inhibition or mRNA degradation. 
During such regulation process, each miRNA can regulate 
multiple RNA targets. Large numbers of miRNA binding 
sites exist in different types of RNA transcripts, indicating 
that multiple RNA transcripts containing miRNA binding 
sites can be mutually regulated via shared competition. This 
further illustrate that the synergistic effect of miRNA and 
RNA transcripts is the main source of ceRNA regulation40. 

LI Lu 41 explore the anti-tumor mechanism of traditional 
Chinese medicine based on ceRNA regulation. In the 
occurrence and development of HCC, the mechanism of 
competitive endogenous RNA (ceRNA) plays an important 
role, in which miRNA is the core of its regulatory functions. 
Li reported that under the action of miRNA response 
element (MRE), mRNA, pseudogene transcripts, Long 
non-coding RNAs (lncRNA), Circular RNA (circRNA) and 
others competitively combine with miRNA to form a 
ceRNA regulatory network. Although researches on this 
mechanism at present it is still at the exploratory stage, it 
may well be an important anti-tumor mechanism for the 
diagnosis, treatment and research of tumor in traditional 
Chinese medicine. 

Uterine Fibroids 

Zheng42 explored the molecular mechanism of 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

 
Figure 3. Comparison of Chemical Components and Herbal Composition 



CTMJ | traditionalmedicinejournals.com Chinese Traditional Medicine Journal | 2025 | Vol 8 |Issue 3 

 

14   
 

 

concoction formula Modified Guizhi Fuling Wan in 72 

specific pathogen free (SPF grade) SD rats with uterine 

fibroids. The experiment uses HE staining to observe 

the morphological changes at the uterus, micRNA gene 

chip to detect the expression profile of uterine micRNA 

gene; bioinformatics methods screening of micRNA for 

Differential expressions. Gene function enrichment was 

then used to predict the possible signaling pathways in rats 

with uterine fibroids under the influence of Guizhi Fuling 

Wan. 

Gene function enrichment analysis indicated that four 

signaling pathways were closely related to uterine fibroids. 

They were MAPK signaling pathway, Wnt 

signaling pathway, mTOR signaling pathway and VEGF 

signaling pathway. The result indicated Chinese medicine 

Modified Guizhi Fuling Wan affected the expression profile 

of micRNA in rat model of uterine fibroids induced by 

estrogen and progesterone, suggesting its involvement in a 

variety of biological processes such as signal transduction 

and gene regulation in the treatment of uterine fibroids. 

Coronary heart disease 

Factors in the environment and several genes contribute 
to the complicated nature of coronary heart disease. One 
of the differential syndromes in TCM is blood stasis 
syndrome. Because of its prominence in cardiovascular 
research, epigenetics provides a framework for 
understanding how genes and their environments interact. 
Abnormal DNA methylation may have a role in the onset 
and progression of coronary heart disease, even though 
DNA alterations can be undone.  
According to the study conducted by Li et al.43, the 
development of atherosclerosis may be accelerated by an 
increase or high expression of MMP-9.  
The study conducted by Ghaznavi et al.44 revealed that the 
frequency of ATP-binding cassette transporter A1 
(ABCA1) gene methylation was much greater in the CHD 
patient group compared to the control group. This finding 
implies that ABCA1 gene methylation plays a substantial 
role in the development of coronary artery disease.  
Through the regulation of both aberrant hypermethylation 
and hypomethylation genes, Zhou et al.45 shown that the 
Chinese medicine formula Zhizi Chuanxiong Capsules may 
cure atherosclerosis. The inflammatory pathway, vascular 
endothelial growth factor signal transduction route, MAPK 
signal transduction pathway, and protein kinase C 
activation are all impacted by the changed methylation 
genes. 

Discussion 

The view of illness and its treatment is fundamentally 

different in Western medicine and traditional Chinese 

medicine. Western pharmaceuticals are able to pinpoint  

 

microbes and root causes down to the genetic level with 

pinpoint accuracy. Whereas CM takes a more all-

encompassing and comprehensive approach, addressing the 

patient's condition while simultaneously focusing on their 

quality of life and general wellness. Reducing adverse effects 

while increasing therapeutic effectiveness is one of the main 

reasons for prescription compatibility. This nourishing and 

preventative maintenance impact is analogous, from a 

western scientific point of view, to boosting immunity.  

Prescription compatibility from a genetic perspective has not 

been addressed in this study because to the paucity of 

research in this area. The genomic effect has to be 

investigated soon, but it could be too soon given the gaps in 

our understanding of prescription compatibility in proteomic 

research and the state of genetic knowledge.  

Study after study only looked at a small subset of the broad 

spectrum, and crucial outcome metrics were often missing. 

Few clinically meaningful event outcomes were available, and 

measuring patients' quality of life was severely lacking. 

Conclusion 

 

It is possible to determine the primary effectiveness of 

Chinese herbal medicine for a given condition by studying its 

compositions and their interrelationships, but it is far more 

difficult to comprehend the whole scope of its effects on the 

body. The effects of several herbs combined create a more 

nuanced second-tier impact, while the effects of herbs 

absorbed into the body create a third-tier effect, all while 

keeping in mind that each herb has many targets, levels, and 

links. Regardless of the fact that an individual's response and 

the medicine's effectiveness are both affected by their age 

and body type. An additional feature of CM is its ability to 

adapt prescription dynamically as therapy progresses, which 

enables it to detect and target even the smallest changes in 

the body's systems. Having a high-level overview and 

assessment of the whole treatment timetable is vital to make 

sure that nothing is overlooked.  

Proposed studies and methodologies by different experts, 

such as: (1) "targeted drug combination of disease 

pathophysiology guidance"; (2) the pharmacokinetic- 

pharmacodynamic compatibility method; and (3) the Global 

Systems Biology for Integrative Genomics, Proteomics, and 

Metabolomics, which work together to offer a broader 

perspective, more comprehensive details, and a development 

timeline, could potentially shed light on the complete picture 

of compatibility prescription's effects. 



CTMJ | traditionalmedicinejournals.com Chinese Traditional Medicine Journal | 2025 | Vol 8 |Issue 3 

 

15   
 

 

Establishing a framework that is unanimously accepted 

by the research community on the study of prescription 

compatibility in CM (or any medicine for the matter), may 

help to bridge differences between Chinese and western 

medicine, synergize philosophies of east and west on drug 

applications and shed more light to a current predominantly 

random and scattered research environment. 

References 

1. Tu Y. The discovery of artemisinin (qinghaosu) and gifts from Chinese 
medicine. Nat Med. 2011; 17: 1217. 

2. Cyranoski D. The big push for Chinese medicine. Nature. 2018; 448- 
450. 

3. Deng ZJ. TCM Formulary. 1st ed. Beijing: China Press of Traditional 
Chinese Medicine. 2003; 10-13. 

4. Chen JP, Wu WK, Zhang MS, et al. Study on the ideology and 
methodology of the compatibility of traditional Chinese medicine 
compound. Chin J Exp Tradit Med Formul (Chin). 2000; (01): 1-4. 

5. Deng ZY, Wang MJ, Zhang JQ, et al. An Cough formulae compatibility 
qualitative and quantitative research. Shandong J Tradit Chin Med 
(Chin). 2018; 37: 456-459, 493. 

6. Mao ZP, Liu HN, Xiong YX, et al. Data analysis study of usage of 
formulae compatibility. J Jiangxi Univ Tradit Chin Med (Chin). 2017; 
29: 118-121. 

7. Li Z, Rong YY, Wang SM, Wu CW. Formulae compatibility study. Chin J 
Exp Tradit Med Formul (Chin). 2015; 21: 223-226. 

8. Gao XM. Chinese Materia Medica. 1st ed. Beijing: China Press of 
Traditional Chinese Medicine. 2002; 21-30: 42-43. 

9. Fan FJ, Hong WX, Song JL, et al. Discovery and research on the 
formulae visualization compatibility. Chin J Biomed Engin (Chin). 
2016; 35: 764-768. 

10. Fan DM, Huang YQ. Current research on formulae compatibility. Strait 
Pharm J (Chin). 2018; 30: 20-23. 

11. Zhang Y, Xie YM. Genetics analysis of Chinese herbal medicine. Chin 
Arch Tradit Chin Med. 2001; (05): 426-427. 

12. Deng ZJ. TCM Formulary. 1st ed. Beijing: China Press of Traditional 
Chinese Medicine. 2003; 17-19 

13. Gao XM. Chinese Materia Medica. 1st ed. Beijing: China Press of 
Traditional Chinese Medicine. 2002; 36-41. 

14. Wang XJ. Metabonomics study on Chuan Lian Zi toxicity and 
compatibility [D] Hefei:Anhui Medical University,2011. 

15. Ni JX, Lin YH, Chen MZ. Pharmacokinetics analysis of the compatibility 
of Zuojin Pill. China Mod Med (Chin). 2012; 19(05): 19-20 

16. Zhong XY, Huo WZ, Gong Q, et al. Research status of pharmacokinetics 
of traditional Chinese medicine compatibility. Chin Herb Med (Chin). 
2013; 44: 3084-3088. 

17. Wu JF. Formulae compatibility modern scientific research. J Liaoning 
Coll Tradit Chin Med (Chin). 2014; 16: 217-219. 

18. Sato Y, Suzuki I, Nakamura T, et al. Identification of a new plasma 
biomarker of Alzheimer’s disease using metabolomics technology. J 
Lipid Rese. 2012; 53: 567-576. 

19. Huang Z, Lin L, Gao Y, et al. Bladder cancer determination via two 
urinary metabolites: a biomarker pattern approach. Mol Cell Proteom. 
2011; 10(10): M111.007922-M111. 

20. Roberts MJ, Schirra HJ, Lavin MF, et al. Metabolomics: a novel approach 
to early and noninvasive prostate cancer detection. Kore Urol. 2011; 
52: 79-89. 

21. Patti GJ, Yanes O, Shriver LP, et al. Metabolomics implicates altered 
sphingolipids in chronic pain of neuropathic origin. Nat Chem Biol. 
2012; 8: 232. 

22. Brockmöller SF, Bucher E, Müller BM, et al. Integration of metabolomics 
and expression of glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase (GPAM) in 
breast cancer—link to patient survival, hormone receptor status, and 
metabolic profiling. J Proteome Res. 2012; 11: 850-860. 

23. Kaddurah-Daouk R, Kristal BS, Weinshilboum RM. Metabolomics: a 
global biochemical approach to drug response and disease. Ann Rev 
Pharmacol Toxicol. 2008; 48: 653-683. 

24. Zhou L, Wang Q, Yin P, et al. Serum metabolomics reveals the 
deregulation of fatty acids metabolism in hepatocellular carcinoma 
and chronic liver diseases. Anal Bioanal Chem. 2012; 403: 203-213. 

25. Patterson AD, Maurhofer O, Beyoglu D, et al. Aberrant lipid metabolism 
in hepatocellular carcinoma revealed by plasma metabolomics and 
lipid profiling. Cancer Res. 2011; 71(21): 6590-600. 

26. Rhee EP, Gerszten RE. Metabolomics and cardiovascular biomarker 
discovery. Clin Chem. 2012; 58: 139-147. 

27. Leslie RD, Beyan H. Metabolomics makes a mark: early changes 
associated with autoimmune diabetes. Diabetes. 2011; 60: 2688- 
2690. 

28. Liu CF, Wang N, Liu SM, et al. Metabolomics sudy of Huanglian Jiedu 
Tang on fever syndrome. J Shandong Univ Tradit Chin Med (Chin). 
2011; 35: 60-63. 

29. Zhao Y, Su W, Zhang QY, et al. Effects of Erzhi Pill on Urine metabolites 
in naturally aging mice. Pharmacol Clin Chin Mater Med (Chin). 2011; 
27: 3-5. 

30. Qu HH, Zhao Y, Wang QG. Compound compatibility mechanism based 
on Chinese medicine moelecular monoclonal antibodies. Chin J Integr 
Tradit West Med (Chin). 2012; 32: 1416-1419. 

31. Wang XJ, Zhang BL. Drug metabolomics and scientific compatibility 
of prescriptions compatibility. China J Chin Mater Med (Chin). 2010; 
35: 1346-1348. 

32. Xu YT. Modern scientific study of formulae compatibility. Chin Herb 
Med (Chin). 2015; 46: 465-469. 

33. Wang ZG, Hu HL, Lan K, et al. Study on the Compatibility of traditional 
Chinese medicine compounds based on pharmacodynamics- 
pharmacokinetics method based on metabolomics and prescription 
theory. Chin Herb Med (Chin). 2009; 40: 169-172. 

34. Luo GA, Liang QL, Liu QF, et al. Integrating chemical systemic study 
of systemic biology--study on Chinese herbal compatibility and 
mechanism of Chinese medicine compounds. Modern Tradit Chin 
Med Mater Med-World Sci Technol (Chin). 2007; 10-15, 24. 

35. Hood L, Tian Q. Systems approaches to biology and disease 
enable translational systems medicine. Genomics, proteomics & 
bioinformatics. 2012; 10(4): 181-5. 

36. Hood L. Systems biology: integrating technology, biology, and 
computation. Mechan Age Develop. 2003; 124: 9-16. 

37. Nicholson JK, Wilson ID. Understanding ‘global’ systems biology: 
metabonomics and the continuum of metabolism. Nat Rev Drug Disc. 
2003; 2: 668. 

38. Nicholson J. Global systems biology, personalized medicine and 
molecular epidemiology. Mol Syst Biol. 2006; 52. 



CTMJ | traditionalmedicinejournals.com Chinese Traditional Medicine Journal | 2025 | Vol 8 |Issue 3 

 

16   
 

 

39. Li YP, He LS, Zhao Y, et al. Study status and new thoughts on Chinese 
materia medica formula used for AIDS treatment. Chin Herb Med 
(Chin). 2014; 45: 303-307. 

40. Swain AC（Mallick B. mi RNA-mediated “tug-of-war” model reveals 

ceRNA propensity of genes in cancers [J]. Mol Oncol（2018; 12(6): 
855-868. 

41. Li L, Liu YH, Tang CC, et al. Research progress on competing 
endogenous RNAs regulation mechanism in the development of 
hepatocellular carcinoma and TCM interventions [J]. SH J TCM. 2020; 
54(04): 58-64. 

42. Zheng DX, Liu JY, Chen RF, et al. Molecular Mechanism of Modified 
Guizhi Fuling Wan Intervention on Uterine Fibroids in Rats Based on 

micRNA Expression Profiling [J/OL]. Chinese Journal of Experimental 
Traditional Medical Formulae. 1-7[2020-0928]. https://doi. 
org/10/13422/j.cnki.syfjx.20202323. 

43. Li M, Sun Y, Qiu RJ et al. Research Progress on the relation of DNA 
methylation and Coronary Heart diseases related TCM syndromes [J]. 
Chin J Integr Trad WMed. 2019; 39(4): 509-512. 

44. Ghaznavi H, Mahmoodi K, Soltanpour MS. A preliminary study of the 
association between the ABCA1 gene promoter DNA methylation and 
coronary artery disease risk [J]. Mol Biol Res Commun. 2018; 7(2): 59-65. 

45. Zhou QB, Wu LQ, Zhang Y, et al. Effects of Zhizi Chuanxiong Capsule 
on the abnormal methylation in rabbits with atherosclerosis[J]. Chin J 
IntegrMed. 2018; 24(7): 512-517. 


