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          2018 | Vol 1 | Issue 3 
Kamdudha Rasa, an Ayurvedic Formulation: A Pharmaceutico-Analytical 

Evaluation 
M.Sumathi,C H.Kalyani , K. Amalla123

Assistant Professor 

AAU Jorhat - Assam Agricultural University, Jorhat 

 

ABSTRACT 

BACKGROUND: The ancient literature Rasaamritam describes Kamdudha Rasa, an Ayurvedic herbo-

mineral concoction. We classify Kamdudha Rasa (KM) as a kind of Kharliya Rasayana. One of the 

Samskaras (processes) listed that may assist bring about the desired change in the aforementioned 

medications is Bhavana (levigation). The purpose is to make Kamdudha Rasa and examine it using the 

appropriate analytical parameters. METHODOLOGY: Pharmaceutical processes were done in five phases, 

Preparation of Guduchi Sattva (powder of Tinospora cordifolia), Extraction of Amalaki Swarasa (fresh 

juice of Emblica officinalis), Shodhan (purification) of Swarna Gairik (SG) (Orche) with Go-Ghrita (cow 

ghee), Bhavana to Shodhit Swarna Gairik by fresh Amalaki Swarasa for 21 times and finally addition of 

Shodhit and Bhavit SG and Guduchi Sattva in mentioned quantity along with Mishri (sugar). Loss on 

drying, extractive value in water and alcohol, pH, particle size, bulk density, tap density, and 

microbiological load were among the parameters tested in the subsequent Physico-chemical Analysis of the 

final product. RESULTS: Kamdudha Rasa exhibited analytical specs including pH 5.14, 37.5% water 

solubility, 5.5% alcohol solubility, and 0.01% w/w loss on drying. Each Bhavana spent around 6-7 hours a 

day on trituration. By the conclusion of Bhavana, the final work had all the hallmarks of Subhavita 

Lakshana. The total rise in weight was 38.88%. HPTLC at 254 and 366 nm showed that Guduchi Sattva 

was consistent with reference materials. In conclusion, Bhavana has a significant impact on both product 

quality and medicine effectiveness. Because of its hygroscopic properties, KM must be kept in a dry, sterile, 

airtight container. 

 

Keywords: Physical/Chemical Analysis, Kamdudha Rasa, and Bhavana 

 

 

Introduction 

Rasashastra and Bhaishjya Kalpana is a branch of Ayurveda which 

deals the herbo-mineral formulations.[1] Ayurveda, the ancient 

health science includes formulations of plant, mineral or 

animal origin. The medicinal formulations prepared in mortar 

and pestle are known as Kharliya Rasayana. Most of the Rasa 

Kalpa require homogenous mixing of herbal and metalo- 

mineral ingredients for which, Khalwa Yantra (mortar & pestle) is 

mostly utilized. Hence nearly 80% of Rasaushadhis can be 

categorised under Kharliya Rasayana and Kamdudha Rasa (KM) 

too comes under the category of Kharliya Rasayana.[2] 

 

Bhavana (levigation) enumerated as one of the Samskaras 

(process) is helpful for the purpose of bringing about the 

desired alteration in mentioned drugs. Application of 

Bhavana process is not confined to Shodhana (purification) 

and Marana (incineration) or Pishtikarana (powdering) of 

Rasashastreeya Dravyas, but it is one of the important 

pharmaceutical processes used in preparing herbal 

formulations as well as in preparing various herbal and 

herbo-mineral formulations. The selection of particular 

Bhavana Dravya is important in the process of Bhavana as it  

 

 

 

 

 

 

enhances the qualities responsible for the same. 

For reduction in undesirable pharmacological 

actions of the drug also, Bhavana Dravya acts as antidote 

or detoxifier. [1] KM is an Ayurvedic medicine with 

herbal and mineral ingredients. It is used in treating 

gastritis (Amlapitta) and bleeding diseases. [3]Amlapitta 

is a common disorder which requires a cost effective 

formulation and which can be prepared very easily. 

KM, mentioned by Vaidya Yadavji Trikamji Acharya in 

Rasaamritam contains easily available drugs which are 

cost effective too. Hence in the present study the 

formulation of KM has been prepared as per the 

above reference and its preliminary physico-

chemical analysis has been carried out. [4]KM, 

currently marketed is prepared as per the reference 

of Rasa Yoga Sagar. Those contain Mouktik Bhasma, 

Praval Bhasma, Shankha, Bhasma Shukti Bhasma, 

Gairika and Guduchi Sattva. In the present study 

undertaken KM was prepared as per the reference 

mentioned in Rasamritam. 

Materials and Methods 

 

. 

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Observation & Results 
The study undertaken was divided into two phases viz., 

Pharmaceutical and Analytical study. 

 

Pharmaceutical Study 

In this phase of study, following pharmaceutical processes 

were carried out- 

I. Preparation of Guduchi Sattva 

II. Extraction of Amalaki Swarasa 

III. Shodhana of Swarna Gairika with Go-Ghrita 

IV. Bhavana to Shodhit Swarna Gairik by fresh Amalaki 

Swarasa 21 times 

V. Preparation of Kamdudha Rasa 

 
I. Preparation of Guduchi Sattva 

Physical impurities from Guduchi stems were removed and 

washed with water. Stem was made into pieces of 1-2 inches 

and crushed thoroughly to convert into slimy paste. This 

mass was further mixed with mentioned quantity (six times) 

of potable water in a stainless steel vessel and kept for 

soaking overnight (12 hrs) and covered with cotton cloth. On 

the next day this mass was macerated thoroughly in water 

for about 1 hour, filtered slowly through a clean four folded 

cotton cloth. The liquid was kept aside for 4 hrs for 

settlement. The supernatant liquid was decanted carefully. 

The sediment was shifted in to a tray and air dried under 

running fan. 

 

II. Extraction of Amalaki Swarasa 
6 kg of fresh Amalaki fruits were taken and cleaned well. 

Swarasa was prepared but addition of water was required to 

get better yield for which 300 ml potable water was added. 

The final juice obtained was 4.5 litre. 

 

III. Shodhan of Swarna Gairika (Orche) with 

Go-Ghrita 
First, Gairika was made into fine powder then Go-ghrit in 1/4th 

quantity was added and roasted on (low flame) moderate fire 

till it turns to brick red colour. 

 

IV. Bhavana to Shodhit Swarna Gairika 
Amalaki Swarasa was added in the Shodhit Swarna Gairik till all 

the Swarasa was soaked by Gairika and Kalka (paste) like 

consistency of Swarna Gairika was obtained. The details of 

quantity of Amalaki Swarasa and the duration of Bhavana is 

mentioned in the table no.1. 

 

V. Preparation of Kamdudha Rasa 
KM was prepared according to Rasamritam. To Amalaki 

Swarasa Bhavit Swarna Gairika, powered and dried Guduchi 

Sattva was added in prescribed quantity which was equal to 

Shudha Swarna Gairika. Mishri was powdered and added to the 

mixture and mixed well. After proper mixing of all 

ingredients the weight of KM was 1200 gm (Table no.2). 

Thus prepared KM was stored in a airtight container. 

Table no. 1: Quantity of Amalaki Swarasa 
required for Bhavana of Shodhit Swarna Gairika 

(for 21 days) 

 
Day of 

Bhavana 

Quantity of 

Swarasa 

Duration of 

Bhavana 
1st 2300ml 2hrs 

2nd 100ml 6hrs 

3rd 100 ml 5hrs 

4th 100 ml 4hrs 

5th 1200ml 5hrs 

6th 200ml 4hrs 

7th 200ml 4hrs 

8th 1100ml 4hrs 

9th 200ml 6hrs 

10th 250ml 5hrs 

11th 200ml 7hrs 

12th 200ml 4hrs 

13th 100ml 6hrs 

14th 300ml 7hrs 

15th 200ml 6hrs 

16th 200ml 6hrs 

17th 200ml 6hrs 

18th 300ml 7hrs 

19th 100 ml 5hrs 

20th 200ml 6hrs 

21th 200ml 6hrs 

Total 7950ml 110hrs 

 

Table no.2: Ingredients of Kamdudha Rasa 
 
 

Sr. no Ingredients Quantity 

1 Amalaki Swarasa 

Bhavit Swarna Gairika 

300 gm 

2 Guduchi Sattva 

(Tinospora cordifolia) 

300 gm 

3 Mishri (Sugar candy) 600 gm 

Total quantity 1200 gm 



 

 

 

Analytical Study 

In the present study, analytical evaluation of Kamdudha 

Rasa was carried out to develop preliminary standards. 

The samples were analysed first of all on the basis of 

organoleptic characters. The organoleptic characters 

involved the testing of samples using sensory organs. 

These are four subjective parameters – Colour, Taste, 

Odour, Touch. Organoleptic features of samples are as 

shown in Table no.3. 

 
Table no. 3 Organoleptic characters of Kamdudha 

Rasa 

Table no.5: Results of Microbial load in Kamdudha 
Rasa 

 
Test Parameters Result Limits 

Total Microbial Count  100 CFU/gm 

Total Bacterial count Absent 

Total Fungal Count Absent 

Pathogens  Should be 

Absent / 10 

gm 
E. Coli Absent 

Salmonella spp Absent 

Pseudomonas aeruginosa Absent 

Table no.6: HPTLC profile of Guduchi Sattva 
 

Under 254 nm Under 366 nm 

 

 

Physico-chemical parameters analyzed were loss on 

drying, Water soluble extractive value, Alcohol soluble 

extractive value, pH, Particle size, Bulk Density and 

Tap Density. The results are mentioned in Table no.4. 

The Microbial Load of Kamadudha Rasa was with in 

normal level (Table no.5). HPTLC profile of Guduchi 

Sattva was visualised at at 254, 366 nm and in daylight. 

No. Of 

peaks 

(spots) 

4 

Rf 

values 

 

0.04 

0.50 

0.58 

0.73 

No. Of 

peaks 

(sopts) 

3 

Rf 

values 

 

0.04 

0.50 

0.56 

4 peaks at 254 nm and 3 peaks at 366 nm was 

visualised (Table no.6. & Figure no.1). 

 
Table no. 4 Result of physico-chemical analysis of 

Kamdudha Rasa 

Fig. No.1 HPTLC of Guduchi Sattva 

 
 

Parameter Kamdudha Rasa 

Loss on drying at 1050 C. 0.01% 
(Gain in weight) 

Water Soluble Extractive 
Value 

37.5% 

Alcohol Soluble 
Extractive Value 

5.5 

pH 5.14 

Particle size 100 

Bulk density 0.4 gm/ml 

Tap density 0.3921gm/ml 

Parameters Kamdudha Rasa 

Colour Ash colour 

Taste Madhur, Amla 

Odour Ghrita Gandhi 

Touch Smooth 

 



 

 

 

Discussion 
Bhavana Samskara is one of the pharmaceutical processes 

which has wide applicability in today’s modern era of 

drug manufacturing for its various merits. The merits 

include increased patient compliance due to acceptable 

dosage form, acceptable appearance and odour of drug, 

reduced dosage, minimum side effects and higher 

palatability. [5] The potency of drug is to be increased or 

decrease as per the need by adopting various Samskara 

which may may be done with the help of Agni, Toya, 

Agnitoya Sannikarsha etc. among them Bhavana is most 

important process to enhance the therapeutic efficacy of 

a drug. On this basis Shodhit Swarna Gairika was given 

Bhavana with fresh Amalaki Swarasa for twenty-one times 

which resulted in increase of weight of the drug. The 

Swarasa required for the initial Bhavana was more (2100 

ml) than the subsequent Bhavana (200 ml). The reason 

behind the decreased amount of liquid required for 

subsequent Bhavana can be elicited by reduced porosity 

of powder by process of trituration. Other reason for 

this may be decreased particle size which lowered the 

permeability. The porosity or pore volume of a material 

has been defined as the total proportion of air spaces 

contained between the solid particles of which the body 

is composed while permeability is restricted to 

interconnecting voids. [5] 

 
The organoleptic characters being a subjective nature 

cannot be evaluated numerically for reproducibility in 

the results. Significant colour change was observed in 

KM as compared to original drugs. It may indicate the 

absorption of contents from Amalaki Swarasa during 

Bhavana and addition of Guduchi Sattva and Mishri. Taste 

was Madhur (sugar) mainly and Amla Rasa (sour) 

additionally. It was found to be smooth in touch, twenty- 

one Bhavana with Amalaki Swaras might have resulted in 

fineness of KM. For the analysis of moisture content, 

the drug was kept for loss on drying at 1050 C. The loss 

on drying in the sample was 0.5%. The water soluble 

extractive value was 36.2 % and Alcohol soluble 

extractive value of KM was 5.5 %. This indicates that 

the Amalaki Swaras used for Bhavana Dravya imparted its 

active ingredients in KM. So it can be understood that 

the Bhavana plays an important role in increasing quality 

of the product. The residue remaining after 

incineration is the ash content of the drug which simply 

represents inorganic salts, naturally occurring in drug or 

adhering to it or deliberately added to it as form of 

adulteration. The total ash is of importance and 

indicates to some extent the amount of care taken in the 

preparation of the drug. In the determination of total 

ash values the carbon must be removed at low 

temperature (450°C) because alkali and chlorides, which 

are volatile at high temperature, would otherwise be 

lost. 

The total ash usually indicates mainly carbonates, 

phosphates, silicates and silica. [7] In KM, no change 

was observed when kept in muffle furnace at 4500 C, 

which may be due to oxidized form of Gairika used. 

The pH value of KM expresses the degree of acidity 

or alkalinity of a sample solution. The pH value of 

KM was 5.14, indicating. Particle size of the drug 

affects its absorption and the rate of absorption can 

be assessed by determining the particle size of the 

drug. The Particle size of KM was 100. Bulk density 

of the KM was 0.4 gm/ml which indicates that the 

particle size was bulky and did not allow much space 

between particles. 

 
Microbial load of all drug samples were having microbial 

content under limit which is shown in table no.5. No any 

pathogens were detected in KM. 

 

Chromatographic study of Guduchi Sattva was carried 

out under 254 and 366 nm UV to establish the finger 

printing profile. It showed Rf values of 0.04, 0.50, 

0.58, 0.73 at under 254 nm and at 366 nm 3 bands 

were observed at Rf value of 0.04, 0.50 and 0.56. 

 

As Guḍuci Sattva was observed to have hygroscopic 

nature, it readily gains moisture if kept exposed to 

environment, which in turn may promote microbial 

growth in it. Thus, it is recommended to store it in 

dry, sterile and airtight containers. 

 

Conclusion 
Shodhana of Gairika with Goghrit results in conversion of 

its biophysical properties into more effective 

therapeutic activities. In the process of Bhavana, Amalki 

Swarasa required for the initial Bhavana was more 

(2100ml) than the subsequent Bhavana (200ml) and 

there was a total yield of 38.88% weight gain. Hence, 

we can conclude that Bhavana plays an important role 

in increasing quality of the product without 

compromising its physicochemical properties. 



 

 

 

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