




































 

 

ISSN : 2693 6356 

2019 | Vol 2 | Issue 6 

 

 

Scheduled Caste, Scheduled Tribe, and Other Maharashtra  

Backward Classes Welfare Programs 
Dr. Mohan Bhimrao Kamble 

Assistant Professor,  
MVP's KPG Arts, Commerce & Science College, Igatpuri, Nashik-422103,  

 

 

 
 

Abstract:- Following India's independence in 1947, the government adopted the view that it 

was crucial to create programs and policies whose primary goal was to improve the lives of 

the country's Scheduled Castes, Scheduled Tribes, and Other Backward Classes through 

measures such as quotas and welfare programs. This has been a consistent government policy 

meant to level the playing field for the marginalized Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes. 

This paper's overarching goal is to learn about government assistance programs that target 

SC/ST/OBC members. Education, employment, housing, transportation, financial aid, and 

other areas have all benefited from the plans that have been put into place. Reducing poverty 

and improving contact with various social groups both contribute to economic growth in these 

areas. 

Keywords:- Budgeting, distribution, and use of welfare funds for SC/ST/OBC/other      

disadvantaged groups. 

 

 

 

 

 

1. Introduction:- 

2. India is a social welfare state. The country's 

initiatives and policies are primarily 

designed to improve the lives of its citizens, 

with special attention paid to those who 

have been historically disenfranchised. The 

dedication of the Indian government to its 

citizens is shown in the Constitution's 

preamble, Directive Principles of State 

Policy, Fundamental Rights, and several 

other provisions, such as Articles 38, 39, and 

46. Over time, the advancement of the 

socially and economically marginalized 

Scheduled Castes (SCs), Scheduled Tribes 

(STs), and Other Backward Classes (OBCs) 

has come to get more attention. The 

government has adopted a number of 

measures to guarantee the quick 

socioeconomic development of SCs, STs, 

and OBCs by drafting relevant policies 

necessary for the structure and execution of 

different welfare initiatives. Specific, 

community-focused programs are being 

implemented with allocated resources to 

improve their quality of life. 

3. subsidies, reservations for SC/ST/OBC in 

employment and educational/training 



 

 

institutions, and other forms of support 

(Welfare of SC/ST/OBC and Other 

Backward Classes, n.d.). 

4. The population of Scheduled Castes in 

Tamil Nadu was according to the 1991 

Census. 

5. 19% of the world's population, or 107.12 

million people. The total number of 

Scheduled Tribes is 

6. A total of 5.74 lakhs, or 1.03% of the 

world's population. There are four main 

categories of focus for these areas: 

educational expansion, economic expansion, 

housing and other programs, the Special 

Component Plan, and the Tribal Sub Plan. 

Since their inception, the Special 

Component Plan (SCP) for SCs and the 

Tribal Sub Plan (TSP) for STs have received 

heightened attention. These programs are 

effective mechanisms for guaranteeing a fair 

distribution of resources from other, more 

mainstream development areas to SCs and 

STs, respectively (Welfare of Scheduled 

Castes, Scheduled Tribes, and Other 

Backward Classes, n.d.). 

7. Constitutional Safeguards:- 

The Preamble of the 

Constitution of India provides, 

Social Economic and Political 

Justice and Equality of Status 

and opportunity to all citizens. 

The Directive Principles of state 

policy as contained in Article 46 

of the Constitution provide that 

“the state shall promote with 

special care the educational and 

economic interests of the weaker 

sections of the people, and 

particular, of the Scheduled 

Castes and the Scheduled Tribes, 

and shall protect them from 

social injustice and all forms of 

exploitation”. The Constitution 

under Article 366(24) 

specifically defined the term 

Scheduled Castes. The various 

safeguards and protective 

measures sought to ensure for 

their all round development and 

freedom from exploitation and 

social injustice in order that they 

could from part of the 

mainstream of the society. The 

Social and Economic safeguards 

provided to Scheduled Castes are 

enumerated in Articles 17, 23, 

24 and 25 (2) (b) of the 

Constitution which enjoins upon 

the state to provide social 

safeguards to Scheduled Castes. 

Article 17 relates to abolition of 

untouchability being practiced in 

society. The Parliament enacted 

the protection of Civil Rights 

Act, 1955 and the Scheduled 

Castes and Scheduled Tribes 

(Prevention of Atrocities) Act, 

1989 to tackle the problem of 

untouchability, practiced against 

Scheduled Castes. 

Article 23, 24 and 46 form part 

of the economic safeguards for 

the Scheduled Castes and 

Scheduled Tribes. Article 15 (4) 

empowers the state to make 

special provisions for the 

advancement of any socially and 

educationally backward classes 

of citizen and for SCs. This 

provision has enabled the state to 

Reserve seats for SCs in 

Educational Institutions in 



 

 

general and professional course 

etc. 

 

8. Reasons for the Backwardness of 

the Scheduled Castes, Scheduled 

Tribes and Other Backward 

Classes 

The SCs, STs and OBCs 

are in a disadvantaged stage. The 

main reasons for the backwardness 

of these communities have been 

stated as follows: (Policies, 

Programmes and Schemes, n.d.). 

Poverty – Poverty is one of the 

most prevalent conditions that lead 

to backwardness of these 

communities. It has been a major 

impediment within the course of 

acquisition of education and 

employment opportunities to 

sustain their living. The conditions 

of poverty arise when the per 

capita income of the individuals is 

low and is not sufficient to fulfil 

all the needs and requirements of 

daily living. These communities 

are largely affected by the 

conditions of poverty and scarcity 

of resources, due to these they are 

unable to realise the significance of 

education. They only struggle to 

look for job opportunities to make 

ends meet. The main reason that 

these communities are poverty 

stricken are, they are landless, with 

no productive assets and they do 

not have access to sustainable 

employment and living conditions. 

Physical and Social 

Segregation – These communities 

are physically and socially isolated 

from the other communities. The 

conditions of poverty, illiteracy 

and backwardness enable them to 

physically and socially segregate 

from the other communities. The 

communication of these 

individuals with the other social 

groups is either low or completely 

absent. Physical segregation has its 

roots in the socio-cultural 

segregation, these are based on the 

rules of purity and pollution and 

are reflected in the practice of 

untouchability. In educational 

institutions, the individuals 

belonging to SCs and STs are still 

feeling discriminated against 

within the classroom setting. In 

urban areas, the individuals 

belonging to these communities are 

given food and water in separate 

utensils, they are made to sit on the 

floor and all other things are kept 

separately that have been used by 

them. There also have been 

instances, when these communities 

are mistreated, beaten and strained 

by the individuals belonging to 

other communities, such as, 

teachers in school or other people 

in the houses and so forth. 

Experiencing discriminatory 



 

 

treatment leads to their 

backwardness. 

Lack of Information and 

Awareness – The individuals 

belonging to these communities 

either possess low levels of 

education or no education at all. 

Mainly, there is lack of information 

and awareness amongst them. Due 

to these reasons, they feel 

vulnerable in communicating with 

the individuals belonging to upper 

or middle classes. Awareness and 

knowledge arouses confidence 

amongst the individuals to move 

out of their homes and go into the 

outside world and interact with 

people. The lack of information 

and awareness is considered to be 

the major impediment that enable 

these communities to remain in 

seclusion. Therefore, to alleviate 

this 

problem, it is vital to generate 

awareness amongst these 

individuals regarding the 

significance of education and 

development of literacy skills. 

Besides, the development of 

education and literacy skills, it is 

vital for all individuals to develop 

effective communication skills. In 

rural areas, there have been 

establishment of schools and 

training centres, where parents, 

who have not acquired education 

can send their children to schools. 

Lack of Employment 

Opportunities – The individuals in 

rural areas largely depend upon 

agriculture as the major occupation 

and work as daily wage labourers. 

These kinds of jobs of labourers, 

generate less income, which is not 

sufficient to sustain their living 

conditions. The lack of proper jobs 

and employment opportunities are 

largely responsible to lead to their 

backwardness. When these 

individuals do not have proper 

sources of income, they feel 

backward and hesitant. They are not 

able to fulfil the daily needs and 

requirements of nutrition, health 

care, medical facilities and so forth. 

These communities are mostly 

engaged in minority jobs, which do 

not make provision of any progress 

or development opportunities for 

them. The parents are unable to 

meet the educational and other 

necessities of their children, such 

as, books, stationary, uniforms, and 

so forth, which results in school 

drop-out. Therefore, lack of 

employment opportunities, not 

only leads to the condition of their 

backwardness, but also their 

inability to acquire education. 

9. Programs Undertaken for the Welfare of 

the SCs, STs and OBCs:- 

The programs that are 



 

 

initiated with the main purpose of 

bringing about the welfare of the 

SCs, STs and OBCs are primarily 

initiated by the organizations as 

well as educational institutions. 

These have been stated as Project 

and Equipment Corporation of 

India (PEC) Limited - Government 

directives and instructions 

regarding SCs, STs and OBCs are 

appropriately observed by the 

organization. Reduction of one 

year in each stage of promotion in 

the qualifying period for the 

employees of SC and ST groupings 

of the staff cadre is given under the 

time scale promotion scheme. 

Indian Institute of Foreign 

Trade (IIFT), Delhi and Kolkata 

Centres - IIFT has emerged as a 

major centre of international 

business education by aligning its 

teaching, research and training 

capabilities with its core vision 

over the years and continuously 

determined to generate academic 

superiority. It has been reliably 

ranked amongst the top 10 

Business Schools in India. IIFT 

follows Government instructions 

related to reservation; 

advertisements were unrestricted 

for promotion in Group A and C 

under the special recruitment drive 

for SC, ST, and OBC. Selection 

Committees for direct recruitment 

and for departmental promotions 

have suitable representatives of 

SC, ST and OBC categories. 

Indian Institute of Packaging 

(IIP) – This Institute reserves seats 

for admission to Post Graduate 

Diploma in Packaging for the 

deserving candidates belonging to 

SC and ST communities. There is 

also a scheme of scholarship for 

the candidates whose performances 

are found outstanding during the 

Post Graduate Diploma in Package 

Course. 

Indian Trade Promotion 

Organisation (ITPO) - ITPO 

follows the guidelines of the 

Government of India that have 

been issued from time to time for 

the generation of the welfare of the 

individuals belonging to SC, ST, 

and OBC categories. 

Agriculture and Processed 

Food Products Export 

Development Authority (APEDA) 

- APEDA has not had any kinds of 

unresolved grievances from any of 

the SC, ST, OBC or women 

employees. A committee, 

including women officers and 

headed by an officer of the rank 

of Deputy General Manager, occurs 

in APEDA for taking into 

consideration the grievances 

against sexual harassment of 

women at the workplace. 



 

 

Marine Products Export 

Development Authority (MPEDA) 

- Reservation rules, appropriate in 

respect of SC, ST, and OBC 

categories are rigorously being 

followed by the MPEDA. For the 

purpose of looking after the 

welfare of these categories, a 

Liaison Officer has been selected. 

Representations given by the stated 

categories through the Liaison 

Officer are appropriately well 

thought-out. 

State Trading Corporation of 

India Limited (STC) - STC makes 

provision of the requisite 

reservations as per the Government 

Directives for employment in the 

SC, ST and OBC categories. 

Reduction in the benchmark 

criteria for promotion of SC and 

ST employees is provided. 

Reduction of five percent in the 

typing speed in the typing test for 

promotion of Grade- I to Junior 

Assistant in Staff Cadre is provided 

to the employees of reserved 

category. Special preparations and 

trainings have been provided to the 

SC, ST, and OBC employees from 

time to time. During allotment of 

residential apartments preserved by 

the Corporation at New Delhi, SC, 

ST, OBC and PWD employees are 

given preference. 

Welfare of Women – To bring 

about welfare of women, 

prevention and redressal of 

complaints and grievances at the 

workplace is important. They 

should be provided with proper 

assistance and guidance that may 

lead them towards the right 

direction. The welfare and 

economic development of the 

women should be the primary goal 

of the individuals, especially 

belonging to the SCs, STs and 

OBCs communities. It is vital to 

implement the measures and 

schemes to generate awareness 

amongst these women. They are 

also encouraged towards 

enhancement of the basic literacy 

skills of reading, writing and 

solving numerical problems. In 

other words, it is vital to bring 

about their empowerment. 

10. Tenth Five Year Plan:- 

The Planning Department, 

Government of the National 

Capital Territory of Delhi has 

formed a working group under the 

chairmanship of Secretary, SC and 

ST to evaluate all the planning 

schemes relating to the welfare of 

the SCs, STs, and OBCs on the 

foundation of zero based budget 

methodology and make references 

regarding continuance, adjustment 

or reduction of on- going schemes, 

(ii) to review the physical and 



 

 

financial achievements in relation 

to the targets fixed for the Ninth 

Five Year Plan, examine reasons 

for the shortage of blockages and 

suggest corrective measures for the 

Tenth Plan, (iii) to evaluate the 

condition of the prevailing assets 

and resources required for the 

proper maintenance and upkeep of 

these assets, (iv) to complete the 

policy goals and projects of GNCT 

of Delhi towards SCs, STs, OBCs 

and also minorities in the Tenth 

Five Year Plan and (v) any other 

issue bearing in mind the 

significance by the working group 

(Welfare SC/ST/OBC, n.d.). 

The working group met twice 

i.e. on 9th August and 20th August 

2001 and considered upon all the 

plan and non-plan schemes to be 

taken care of during the Tenth 

Five Year Plan. Prior to the year 

1997, this department was 

required to look after only the 

welfare of the SC and ST 

population of Delhi. But with the 

acknowledgement of Other 

Backward Classes as a separate 

group of population, work relating 

to the welfare of OBCs which 

forms quite an enormous portion of 

the population, was also allocated 

to this department and thus, the 

occurrences leading to well-being 

of about 65% of the population was 

required to be looked after by this 

department. Another 16.33% of the 

total population of Delhi was also 

assigned to this department 

meaning thereby that welfare of 

about 86% of the total population 

of Delhi is to be looked after by 

this department which interalia 

means that the accomplishments of 

this department, have increased 

and will increase diversity and, 

therefore, the requirements of 

funds in the Tenth Five Year Plan 

have been significantly improved 

(Welfare SC/ST/OBC, n.d.). 

While debating and arguing 

the approach for the Tenth Five 

year Plan, the working Group 

discussed each and every scheme 

included under the scheme, 

promoting welfare of the SCs, STs 

and OBCs and it was felt that in 

most of the schemes, the 

presentation was much below the 

target though, it was attributable to 

several organizational reasons like 

scarcity of man power, lack of 

office accommodation and other 

reasons like obligation of several 

situations under different schemes 

which hindered their operation. 

The working group, therefore, 

intensely endorsed that keeping in 

view the heavy workload with the 

department, there is a vital need to 

reinforce the department 

appropriately with added man 

power of different levels and to 



 

 

make the additional 

accommodation available so that 

the staff would be providing 

seating space (Welfare 

SC/ST/OBC, n.d.). 

Regarding the problems involved in the 

operation of the schemes, the working 

group suggested that the process 

for grant of assistance under 

different schemes should be 

simplified to the possible extent 

and the beneficiaries may be asked 

to surrender to only the 

unavoidable documents and in 

case, some of them, for any reason, 

are not available, then an affidavit 

may be accepted in support thereof 

so that no delay is brooked and the 

assistance is dispensed as early as 

possible (Welfare SC/ST/OBC, 

n.d.). The social and economic 

deprivation amongst the Scheduled 

Castes had been common during 

the time of pre and post-

Independence. Therefore, there 

was a requirement of number of 

distinctive safety measure policies. 

One of that is, reservation policy in 

the Government recruitment. The 

objective of the reservation policy 

is to eliminate the community and 

financial inequalities which are 

prevalent in the society (Karade, 

2008). 

11. Schemes under the Tenth Five Year 

Plan:- 

The welfare of the Scheduled 

Castes and Tribes has been given 

special consideration in the five 

year plans. The development 

planning initiated in 1951 through 

the first plan (1951-56) envisioned 

that the programmes under various 

segments of progress would assist 

all the sections of the population 

including, Scheduled Castes, 

Scheduled Tribes and Other 

Backward Castes and Minorities, 

but inappropriately, it never 

occurred so. The second plan 

(1956-61) undertook to make sure 

that the assistances of economic 

development accumulate more and 

more to the moderately less 

privileged classes of the society to 

reduce inequality. The third plan 

(1961-66) encouraged larger 

equality of opportunity and a 

decrease in differences in income 

and wealth and the even 

distribution of economic power. 

The fourth and fifth plan (1967-78) 

envisaged the source objective as a 

rapid increase in the regularity of 

living conditions of the individuals 

through procedures which also 

encourage equivalence and social 

justice. One of the significant 

structures of the subsequent annual 

plan (1970-80) was the initiation of 

the distinctive device of special 

component plan (SPC) for 

Scheduled Castes to make sure that 

these groups receive their due 



 

 

share of benefits from the other 

development sectors. The sixth 

plan (1980-85) marked a shift in 

the approach to the development of 

Scheduled Castes. Special 

prominence was laid on the 

application of the recently initiated 

SCP for the Scheduled Castes. The 

seventh plan (1985- 90), a 

considerable increase in the flow of 

funds for the development of 

Scheduled Castes under SCP from 

state plans, central plan, and 

special central assistance (SCA). 

Precedence in seventh plan 

was to give to the educational 

development of Scheduled Castes. 

The major objective of the eight 

plan (1992-97) was to concentrate 

upon the determination and to 

bridge the gap between the 

development of the Scheduled 

Castes, other backward castes and 

minority and other sections of the 

society. It was envisioned that all 

forms of oppression of Scheduled 

Castes suppression of their rights, 

untouchability, non-payment of 

minimum wages and so forth 

would be disregarded, so as to 

enable them to avail the benefits of 

all developmental efforts. For the 

economic development of the 

Scheduled Castes, Other Backward 

Castes and Minorities. 

 

12. Central Government Schemes:- 

It is the constitutional 

obligation of the government to 

safeguard the concentration of the 

Scheduled Castes and Scheduled 

Tribes from social inequality and 

injustice. The central Government 

provides various schemes for the 

social, economic and educational 

upliftment of the socio-

economically backward sections of 

the society. Some of the significant 

centrally supported schemes are: 

1. Coaching and training for 

various competitive 

examinations, such as, IAS, IPS 

and so forth, is considered 

essential to lead to improvement 

in the representation of the 

Scheduled Castes and Scheduled 

Tribes in various services and 

employment opportunities. 

2. Initiation of post-matric 

scholarships are made available 

to the students in higher 

education. There have been 

reservation of seats for these 

individuals in higher 

educational institutions and 

availability of post-matric 

scholarships facilitate their 

learning. 

3. Launching of vocational training 

programs in different regions 

and educational centres in the 

regions where, the rate of 

literacy is low, for the primary 



 

 

purpose of promotion of female 

literacy in tribal areas. 

4. Building of the hostels for 

providing residential facilities to 

the Scheduled Castes and the 

Scheduled Tribes girls studying 

in schools, colleges and 

universities. 

5. Financial support to the reputed 

social science research 

institutions for research in 

development and problems of 

the Scheduled Castes and 

Scheduled Tribes. 

6. Making provision of textbooks 

to the Scheduled Castes and 

Scheduled Tribes students of 

medical and engineering courses, 

and 

7. Scholarships and passage grants 

for acquisition of higher education 

abroad. 
 

9. Rajiv Gandhi National Fellowship:- 

The Rajiv Gandhi fellowship for 

the Scheduled Castes and the 

Scheduled Tribes is implemented 

and financed by the Ministry of 

Social Justice and Empowerment 

and Ministry of Tribal Affairs. This 

scheme is made available to the 

candidates who belong to the 

Scheduled Castes and Scheduled 

Tribes communities and who 

possess the aspiration to pursue 

higher studies such as, regular and 

full time M. Phil and Ph. D degrees 

in sciences, humanities, social 

sciences and engineering and 

technology. There are 1333 slots for 

the Scheduled Castes and 667 slots 

for the Scheduled Tribes candidates 

every year for all the subjects. The 

commission is making provision of 

financial assistance to the 

universities for the institution of a 

special cell for the 

Scheduled Castes and Scheduled 

Tribes. The purpose of these cells is 

to make provision of assistance to 

the universities in putting into 

operation the reservation policy. 

With the implementation of the 

reservation policy with regards to 

the admittance of the students and 

the employment of teaching and 

non-teaching staff at various levels. 

10. Tribal Welfare Programmes:- 

The Constitution of India has 

provided for the development of 

the Scheduled Tribes and Castes 

which are in a backward condition 

and, thus these castes were made 

appropriate for obtaining various 

privileges. A tribal welfare 

department was inaugurated and 

launched in 1951. Its work was not 

projected to supersede, but to 

supplement the general 

development programmes 

undertaken by the Government 

through such organisations as the 

national extension service, 

community development 



 

 

programmes and integrated rural 

development programmes. During 

the plan periods, the Central 

Government sponsored the 

following schemes: 

1. Tribal development blocks. 

2. Tribal co-operation societies. 

3. Hostel for tribal girls. 

4. Post-Matric scholarships for tribal 

students. 

5. Coaching and pre-examination 

training for competitive 

examinations. 

6. Research, training and special 

projects. 

 
 

11. Tribal Research Institutes:- 

The research institutes 

have been established in various 

states to make a thorough study of 

tribes and their problems. The 

tribal communities usually reside 

in the hilly areas, where they are 

unaware of various aspects and 

unfamiliar with different types of 

modern and innovative techniques. 

They normally depend upon the 

natural resources and the 

environmental conditions to 

provide for themselves. Making of 

various kinds of handicrafts, 

practicing of agriculture and 

farming, and barter system are the 

occupations which they get 

engaged in. The tribal 

communities lead a simple life and 

it is vital to implement measures to 

lead to their development. 

12. Tribal Co-operation Marketing 

Development Federation of India:- 

Tribal Co-operation Marketing 

Development Federation of India 

was established by the Government 

of India in 1987 with the major 

objective of making provision of 

marketing assistance and 

remunerative prices to the Scheduled 

Tribes communities for their minor 

forest produce and surplus, 

agricultural produce and to 

discourage them away from 

exploitative private traders and 

middlemen. It is vital to make sure 

that tribal communities are not 

exploited or they 

are made to get involved in any 

kinds of inappropriate acts. They 

should be able to generate surplus 

and enhance their productivity. The 

federation is a national level co-

operative apex body functioning 

under the Multi State Cooperative 

Act, 1984. The authorized share 

capital of the tribal co-operative is 

Rs.100 cores. 

13. Poverty Alleviation Programmes:- 

The problem of poverty is 

severe amongst the individuals 

belonging to Scheduled Castes and 

the Scheduled Tribes communities. 

This problem is a major hindrance 

within the course of their progress 

and development, therefore, it is 

vital to make sure the 

implementation of poverty 



 

 

alleviation programs is carried out 

in an appropriate manner. The 

poverty alleviation programmes 

are put into operation both in rural 

and urban areas since the 1980s 

and they have not only provided 

assistance to the poverty stricken 

people to rise above the poverty 

line, but also brought down the 

poverty rate in an effective manner. 

Other Backward Classes have been 

benefitted to a large extent from 

these programmes. 

Article 39-A of the 

Constitution of India provides 

equal justice, and free legal support 

to make provision of equal 

opportunities for securing justice to 

the citizens who are economically 

poverty stricken or have other 

disabilities. The C.P.C and Cr. P. C 

also provide for free legal 

assistance to the individuals who 

are residing in destitute 

conditions. The advocates Act, 

1961 has also controlled provisions 

for legal assistance and for the 

establishment of legal assistance 

committees. The Legal Service 

Authorities Act, 1987 has been 

enacted to provide legal assistance 

services to the poverty stricken and 

the needy people of society. 

Protection of Civil Rights Act, 

1955 makes provision of adequate 

facilities including legal assistance 

to be provided to the persons 

subjected to any disability arising 

out of untouchability In enactment 

of the provision of this Act, 20 

States and Union Territories have 

introduced the scheme of making 

provision of free legal assistance to 

the Scheduled Castes and socio-

economically backward sections of 

the society. These states and union 

territories are Andhra Pradesh, 

Bihar, Gujarat, Haryana, Himachal 

Pradesh, Jammu & Kashmir, 

Karnataka, Kerala, Madhya 

Pradesh, Maharashtra, Orissa, 

Punjab, Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu, 

Tripura, Uttar Pradesh, West 

Bengal, Goa, Daman & Diu, Delhi 

and Pondicherry. The legal 

services are provided to the entitled 

persons in the state of Rajasthan 

under the Legal Services 

Authorities Act, 1987, Rajasthan 

State Legal Service Authority 

Rules, 1995 and Rajasthan State 

Legal Services Regulation, 1999. 

During the calendar year 2005, 

1048 Scheduled Castes and 1131 

Scheduled Tribes were assisted by 

the legal services in the State 

Under the Rule 12 of the Punjab 

Legal Service Authority Act, 1987, 

free legal assistance is provided to 

the members of the Scheduled 

Castes irrespective of their income. 

During the year, free legal 

assistance was provided to 249 

Scheduled Caste persons by the 



 

 

Punjab Legal Services Authority. 

Besides the above methods and 

processes to bring about 

their rapid development, the 

Constitution of India also makes 

available many provisions for the 

security of the Scheduled Castes, 

Scheduled Tribes and Other 

Backward Classes 

 Social Justice:- 

Social Justice is the equal 

treatment to all citizens without 

any social distinction. The 

Government is implementing 

various schemes/programmes for 

socio-economic development of 

Scheduled Castes (SC), Scheduled 

Tribes (ST), Vimukta Jati & 

Nomadic Tribes (VJNT), Other 

Backward Classes (OBC), Special 

Backward Classes (SBC), 

minorities, divyang, senior citizens, 

etc.. 

14. Scheduled Caste Component Scheme 

(SCCS):- 

During 2021-22 under Scheduled 

Caste Component Scheme 

(SCCS), in all 272 schemes (195 

State level & 77 district level) are 

being implemented. Sectorwise 

proposed fund and expenditure 

incurred under SCCS is given inA 

Sectorwise proposed funds and expenditure incurred under SCCS 
 

 
Sector 

2019-20 2020-21 2021-22 

Proposed 

Funds 

Expenditure 

Incurred 

Proposed 

Funds 

Expenditure 

Incurred 

Proposed 

Funds 

Expenditure 

Incurred 

A) State level schemes 6,432.00 3,828.71 6,939.6 3,746.9 7,906.6 1,663.3 

Agriculture & allied 

activities 

222.16 91.97 158.58 57.28 180.35 2.08 

Rural development 112.70 72.54 203.90 318.96 193.00 2.34 

Energy 0.00 0.00 70.00 0.00 70.00 0.00 

Industry & minerals 60.00 18.79 45.00 21.70 68.20 0.00 

Transport & 

communication 

250.00 150.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 

General economic services 0.00 0.00 5.00 1.50 2.00 0.00 

Social & community 

services 

5,555.64 3,404.98 6,345.3 3,215.0 7,194.1 1,586.8 

General services 11.50 0.00 11.50 33.54 23.50 0.38 

Other programmes 220.00 90.43 100.00 97.81 175.00 72.85 

B) District level schemes 2,776.00 2,560.81 2,728.64 2,715.55 2,728.65 691.45 

Agriculture & allied 

activities 

351.92 329.79 351.14 342.71 345.9 122.63 



 

 

Energy 134.47 146.12 152.81 164.72 154.1 63.80 

Industry & minerals 10.90 8.49 8.59 0.11 7.18 0.10 

Transport & 

communication 
68.56 31.25 71.70 67.03 76.83 3.54 

Social & community 

services 
2,126.87 1,984.91 2,062.7 2,068.6 2,062. 491.23 

Innovative schemes 83.28 60.25 81.67 72.33 81.88 10.15 

Total (A + B) 9,208.00 6,389.52 9,668.00 6,461.84 10,635.01 2,355.18 

Note:- Figures may not add up due to rounding + uptoJanuary 
Source : Commissionerate of Social Welfare, Pune 

 
15. Rajarshi Shahu Maharaj scholarship for 

SC students for abroad studies:- 
 

GoM is implementing Rajarshi 

Shahu Maharaj scholarship for SC 

students to pursue higher studies 

abroad. Under the scheme during 

2020-21 an amount of 24.00 crore 

was disbursed to 128 beneficiaries 

and during 2021-22 upto December, 

an amount of 32.99 crore was 

disbursed to 171 beneficiaries. 

16. Bharat Ratna Dr. Babasaheb 

Ambedkar Swadhar Yojana:- The 

scheme has been initiated for 

students belonging to Scheduled 

Castes and Neo-Buddhist, who got 

admission in various courses from 

class XI
th

 onwards, but who did not 

get or have not taken admission in 

the government hostels. Under the 

scheme, financial assistance through 

Direct Benefit Transfer (DBT) is 

provided to students for food, 

shelter, educational material, 

subsistence allowance and other 

necessary facilities depending on 

educational stream and place of 

residence. Performance of the Bharat 

Ratna Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar 

Swadhar Yojana is given in 

Performance of the Bharat Ratna Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar Swadhar Yojana 

Particulars 2019-20 2020-21 2021-22+ 

Beneficiary students (no.) 17,100 22,544 4,550* 

Expenditure incurred (` Crore) 57.55 74.96 23.21 

Source: Commissionerate of Social Welfare, Pune +upto December 

 
17. Margin money for Scheduled Castes and Neo-

Buddhist community in Standup India Scheme of 

GoI:- 

 
The Standup India scheme has 

been introduced by GoI in 2015 

to provide employment 

opportunities to the new 

entrepreneurs belonging to 

Scheduled Castes/Scheduled 

Tribes and women. The 

entrepreneurs have to bear 25 



 

 

per cent of the total project 

cost and remaining 75 per cent 

amount as loans that is 

guaranteed by Small Industries 

Development Bank of India. Of 

the 25 per cent self-share, 15 per 

cent amount is being provided 

by GoM under margin money 

scheme after the project approval 

and 10 per cent self-share is 

borne by entrepreneurs. During 

2020-21 subsidy of ` 6.83 crore 

was disbursed to 83 

entrepreneurs. 

18. Development of SC and Neo-

Buddhist wastis in rural 

areas:- The scheme is being 

implemented for overall 

development of SC and Neo-

Buddhist wastes in rural areas by 

providing basic facilities such as 

drinking water supply, internal 

roads, drainage facilities, 

electricity, roads connecting the 

habitats, community hall, etc. 

There are 37,604 such listed 

wastis in the rural areas of the 

State. During 2020-21, 

expenditure incurred was of ` 

818.39 crore. During 2021-22 

upto December, expenditure of ` 

190.59 crore was incurred. 

19. Sahityaratna Lokshahir Annabhau Sathe 

Nagari Wasti Sudhar Yojan:- 
 

Under the scheme, facilities such 

as works for construction of 

bituminous/cement concrete roads, 

construction of drainage, repairing 

of well, drinking water facilities, 

public toilet, library, gymnasium, 

kindergarten, electric lights, etc. 

are undertaken in SC and Neo-

Buddhist wasti located in 

municipal corporation and 

municipal council areas. During 

2020-21, expenditure of crore was 

incurred. During 2021-22 upto 

December, expenditure of ` 264.16 

crore was incurred. 

20. Sant Rohidas Charmodyog & Charmakar 

Development Corporation Ltd.:- 

The corporation is set up for 

welfare of charmakar community 

and is authorised as channelising 

agency to implement various 

schemes of National Scheduled 

Castes Finance and Development 

Corporation (NSFDC) in the State. 

The authorised share capital of this 

corporation is 73.21 crore and paid-

up share capital is ` 306.21 crore 

(100 per cent share of GoM). The 

functions of the corporation are to 

arrange procurement and supply of 

raw material for those engaged in 

the leather industries and to make 

necessary arrangements for 

production and to render necessary 

assistance and act as an agent for 

sale of finished products in 

domestic as well as international 

markets. Performance of Sant 



 

 

Rohidas Charmodyog and 

Charmakar Development 

Corporation Ltd. is given in Table 

Performance of Sant Rohidas Charmodyog & Charmakar Development Corporation Ltd 
 

Particulars 2019-20 2020-21 2021-22
+
 

Beneficiaries (no.) 192 143 76 

Amount disbursed (` Lakh) 21.22 13.70 7.50 

Source : Sant Rohidas Charmodyog & Charmakar Development Corporation Ltd.   + upto December 

 
21. Sahityaratna Lokshahir Annabhau Sathe Development Corporation Ltd.:- 

GoM has established 

Sahityaratna Lokshahir 

Annabhau Sathe Development 

Corporation Ltd. for economic, 

educational & social 

development of Matang 

community & 12 sub castes 

and it works as channelising 

agency of NSFDC in the 

State. The share capital of 

this corporation is 300 crore, 

of which 51 per cent share is 

of GoM & 49 per 

cent is of GoI. Performance of 

ahityaratna Lokshahir 

Annabhau Sathe Development 

Corporation Ltd. is given in 

Table 

Performance of Sahityaratnya Lokshahir Annabhau Sathe Development Corporation Ltd 
 

Particulars 2019-20 2020-21 2021-22+ 

Beneficiaries (no.) 1,232 760 345 

Amount disbursed (` 

Lakh) 

280.01 238.11 34.50 

Source: Sahityaratna Lokshahir Annabhau Sathe Development Corporation Ltd + upto 

December 

22. Mahatma Phule Backward Class Development Corporation Ltd.:- 

Mahatma Phule Backward 

Class Development 

Corporation Ltd. is set up for 

economic development of SC 

and Neo-Buddhist 

communities. The corporation 

works as channelising agency 

of National Scheduled Castes 

Finance and Development 

Corporation and National Safai 

Karmachari Finance and 

Development Corporation in 

the State. The authorised share 

capital of this corporation is 

632.64 crore, of which 51 per 

cent share is of GoM and 49 

per cent share is of GoI. 

Performance of Mahatma Phule 



 

 

Backward Class Development 

Corporation Lt 



 

 

Performance of Mahatma Phule Backward Class Development Corporation Ltd. 
 

Particulars 2019-20 2020-21 2021-22
+
 

Beneficiaries (no.) 11,093 1,327 269 

Amount disbursed (` 

Lakh) 

5,413.00 1,614.11 734.29 

Source: Mahatma Phule Backward Class Development Corporation Lt + upto December 

23. Tribal Component Scheme:- 

The Constitution of India has 

provided for the development of 

the Scheduled Tribes and Castes 

which are in a backward condition 

and, thus these castes were made 

appropriate for obtaining various 

privileges. A tribal welfare 

department was inaugurated and 

launched in 1951. Its work was not 

projected to supersede, but to 

supplement the general 

development programmes 

undertaken by the Government 

through such organisations as the 

national extension service, 

community development 

programmes and integrated rural 

development programmes During 

2021-22 under Tribal Component 

Scheme (TCS), about 330 schemes 

(284 State level & 146 district 

level) are being implemented. 

Sectorwise proposed funds and 

expenditure incurred under TCS is 

given in 

 

 
Sectorwise proposed funds and expenditure incurred under TCS 

 
 

Sector 

2019-20 2020-21 2021-22 

Proposed 

funds 

Expenditur 

e incurred 

Propose 

d funds 

Expenditur 

e incurred 

Propose 

d funds 

Expenditur 

e incurred 

A) State level schemes 6,329.89 4,716.93 7,559.3 5,500.37 7,807.7 3,129.55 

Agriculture & allied 

activities 

118.64 42.09 150.99 48.09 130.43 9.95 

Rural development 324.89 199.99 782.41 691.49 376.00 233.90 

Irrigation & flood control 50.00 51.85 25.00 3.30 75.00 0.00 

Energy 310.00 132.00 237.80 167.00 170.00 156.00 

Industry & minerals 10.00 0.00 9.00 1.80 6.00 1.37 

Transport & 

communication 

326.02 196.56 456.32 376.06 440.00 63.81 

Social & community services 5,190.34 4,094.44 5,897.51 4,212.62 6,610.14 2,664.51 

B) District level schemes 2,201.11 2,104.59 1,925.91 1,904.64 1,858.78 378.15 



 

 

Agriculture & allied 

activities 

284.32 251.47 231.50 263.70 226.72 34.57 

Rural development 350.96 321.13 145.25 115.98 355.06 109.28 

Irrigation & flood control 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 

Energy 124.96 122.04 114.85 133.60 126.53 8.95 

Industry & minerals 4.70 1.22 1.30 0.02 1.17 0.00 

Transport & 

communication 

254.39 252.93 240.36 236.13 225.54 21.65 

Social & community services 1,181.79 1,155.79 1,192.65 115.21 923.76 203.70 

Total (A + B) 8,531.00 6,821.52 9,484.94 7,405.01 9,666.35 3,507.70 

Source : Tribal Development Department, GoM + upto December 

 

 Ashram Schools 

There are 497 government 

residential ashram schools for 

tribal students in hilly and remote 

areas of the State. Apart from this, 

there are 556 aided ashram schools 

in the State. Meal, residence, 

educational material and other 

facilities are provided free of cost 

to tribal students admitted in 

ashram schools. Since 2017-18, 

the cost of educational materials 

and equipments are being 

deposited directly in the bank 

accounts of students. Information of 

ashram schools is given in Table 

Information of ashram schools 

Particulars 2019-20 2020-21 2021-22+ 

Gov. Ashram Schools 

Schools (no.) 500 500 497 

Beneficiary students (no.) 1,83,546 1,91,713 1,90,608 

Expenditure incurred (` Crore) 1,199.35 806.54 631.02 

Source : Tribal Development Department, Go + upto December 

 

 Government hostels for tribal students 

Government is providing hostel 

facility to tribal students, pursuing 

higher studies at taluka, district and 

division level. Accommodation, 

food, uniforms, educational material 

and other facilities are provided free 

of cost to the students admitted in 

these hostels. The cost of bedding 

material, books, educational material, 

etc. are being deposited directly into 

the bankaccounts of students since 

2017-18. Information of Government 

hostels for tribal students is given in 

Table 

Information of Government hostels for tribal students 

 

 



 

 

 

 

 

 
Source : Tribal Development Department, GoM + upto December 

 

 Education to Tribal students in renowned English medium schools 

To encourage tribal students to 

pursue studies in renowned 

residential English medium schools 

GoM has launched the scheme 

from 2010-11. Maximum ` 70,000 

per student per year is being given 

to these schools by GoM for 

providing education and residential 

facilities to these students. 

Information of education to tribal 

students in renowned English 

medium schools is given in Table 

 

Particulars 2019-20 2020-21 2021-22
+
 

Gov. Ashram Schools 

Schools (no.) 500 500 497 

Beneficiary students (no.) 1,83,546 1,91,713 1,90,608 

Expenditure incurred (` Crore) 1,199.35 806.54 631.02 

 

Aided Ashram Schools 

Schools (no.) 556 556 556 

Beneficiary students (no.) 2,33,45 2,41,468 2,42,916 

Expenditure incurred (` Crore) 1,088.98 1,097.90 826.11 

Source : Tribal Development Department, GoM + upto December 
 

 Khawti Anudan Yojana: Khawti 

Anudan Yojana was implemented 

in the State upto 2013-14 to 

provide assistance to economically 

weaker family. Khawti Anudan 

Yojana was reintroduced in 2020 

for economically weaker ST 

families to tackle economic 

situation arised due to covid-19 

pendamic and is being 

implemented in the form of 100 

per cent grant. During 2020-21, 

expenditure of ` 486.00 crore was 

incurred. 

 Scholarship for ST students for 

abroad studies: GoM has started 

this scholarship scheme for ST 

students to pursue higher studies 

abroad. During 2020-21, 

expenditure of ` 1.24 crore was 

incurred on two beneficiaries. 

During 2021-22 upto December, 

expenditure of ` 1.86 crore was 

incurred on five beneficiaries. 

24.  Welfare of Other Backward 

Bahujan: Various development 

programmes are being 

implemented by GoM for 

Particulars 2019-20 2020-21 2021-22
+
 

Government hostels (no.) 495 495 487 

Beneficiary students (no.) 54,150 48,647 44,262 

Expenditure incurred (` Crore) 353.24 161.70 187.73 



 

 

upliftment of the weaker sections 

of other backward bahujan (OBC, 

Special Economical Backward 

Class (SEBC), VJNT, SBC). 

During 2020-21, expenditure of ` 

2,387.17 crore was incurred. 

During 2021-22 upto December, 

expenditure of ` 2,307.55 crore 

was incurred. 

 Vasantrao Naik Tanda/Wasti 

Sudhar Yojan : The scheme is 

implemented for overall 

development of VJNT and SBC 

habitats by providing basic 

facilities such as electrification, 

drinking water supply, internal 

roads, drainage, toilets, community 

hall/library, etc. During 2021-22 

upto December, expenditure of ` 

13.20 crore was incurred. 

 Scholarship for VJNT, OBC and 

SBC students for abroad studies: 

GoM has started scholarship

 scheme for VJNT, OBC and SBC 

students to pursue higher studies 

abroad. During 2021-22 upto 

December, expenditure of ` 52.00 

lakh was incurred 

 Maharashtra State Other Backward Class 

Finance and Development Corporation Ltd. 

Maharashtra State Other Backward 

Class Finance and Development 

Corporation Ltd.has been 

established for the welfare of 

OBCs in the State. The authorised 

share capital of this corporation is 

250 crore and paid up capital is 

161.54 crore (100 per cent share of 

GoM). This corporation also works 

as channelising agency of National 

Backward Class Finance and 

Development Corporation Ltd. The 

Corporation implements schemes 

such as seed money, direct loan 

scheme, individual loan interest 

reimbursement, group loan interest 

reimbursement, etc. Information of 

the Maharashtra State Other 

Backward Class Finance and 

Development CorporationLtd. is 

given ins 

 

Information of Maharashtra State Other Backward Class Finance and Development Corporation Ltd 

Particulars 2019-20 2020-21 2021-22
+
 

Beneficiaries (no.) 78 209 259 

Amount disbursed (` lakh) 28.76 197.36 216.99 

Source: Maharashtra State Other Backward Class Finance and Development Corporation Ltd. + upto December 

 
25.  

26. Minority Development: Various 

schemes for the development of 

minority community are being 

implemented in the State. During 

2020-21, expenditure of 235.44 

crore was incurred. During 2021-

22 upto December, expenditure of 

99.43 crore was incurred. Wasti 

/Area development schemes for 

minorities Wasti/ area 

development scheme are being 

implemented for minorities in the 

State. Expenditure incurred under 

wasti/ area development schemes 

for minorities is given in Table 



 

 

 

Expenditure incurred under wasti/area development schemes for minorities 

 

Scheme 
Expenditure incurred (`Crore) 

2019-20 2020-21 2021-22+ 

Wasti/ Area development urban areas 25.13 21.69 15.58 

Wasti/ Area development rural areas 22.16 17.19 0.00 

Source: Minority Development Department, GoM 

 Higher Education Scholarship 

for Minority students : Annual 

tuition fees of minority students 

studying in any educational 

course or 25,000 (for medical 

and semi-medical courses / 

technical and vocational courses) 

and ` 5,000 (for postgraduate 

courses in Arts, Commerce and 

Science degree and post graduate 

courses) whichever is less is 

given as scholarship. During 

2020-21, expenditure of ` 48.70 

crore was incurred. During 2021-

22 upto December, expenditure of 

56.10 crore was incurred. 

 Pradhan Mantri Jan Vikas 

Karykra : Pradhan Mantri Jan 

Vikas Karykram is being 

implemented in 24 districts of the 

State toraise overall living 

standard of minority Community. 

During 2020-21, expenditure of 

33.20 crore was incurred. During 

2021-22 upto December, 

expenditure of ` 2.68 crore was 

incurred. 

 Girls Hostels for Minority 

Communitie: Under the 'Girls 

hostels for minority community' 

scheme, hostels are being setup in 

43 cities of 25 districts for girls 

students pursuing higher 

education. During 2020-21, 

expenditure of 5.28 crore was 

incurred. During 2021-22 upto 

December, expenditure of ` 1.50 

crore was incurred. 

 Maulana Azad Alpasankhyak 

Arthik Vikas Mahamandal Ltd: 

Maulana Azad Alpasankhyak 

Arthik Vikas Mahamandal Ltd. 

has been set up for welfare of 

minority community in the 

State. The authorised share 

capital of this Mahamandal is 

500 crore and paid-up capital is ` 

483.19 crore (100 per cent share 

of GoM). This Mahamandal 

works as channelising agency for 

National Minorities Development 

& Finance Corporation. During 

2020-21 education loan worth ` 

1,568.96 lakh was given to 1,934 

students. During 2021-22, upto 

December, education loan worth ` 

781.24 lakh was given to 890 

students. 

 Welfare of Divyang : Various 

schemes for divyang are being 



 

 

implemented by GoM to 

identify their potentials, develop 

their skills, give them equal 

opportunities and protect their 

rights so as to empower & 

involve them in the main stream 

of the society. During 2020- 21, 

expenditure of 453.96 crore was 

incurred. During 2021-22 upto 

December, expenditure of 

362.75 crore was incurred. 

27. Annasaheb Patil Aarthik Magas Vikas 

Mahamandal Ltd. 
 

Annasaheb Patil Aarthik 

Magas Vikas Mahamandal 

Ltd. is established by the State 

to provide employment and 

self-employment opportunities 

to economically backward 

educated unemployed youth. 

Information of Annasaheb 

Patil Aarthik Magas Vikas 

Mahamandal Ltd. is given in 

Table 

Information of Annasaheb Patil Aarthik Magas Vikas Mahamandal Ltd. 
 

Particulars 2019-20 2020-21 2021-22+ (Lakh) 

Beneficiary/Amunt 

Group No.Disbursed 

Beneficiary/Amount 

Group No Disbursed 

Beneficiary/ 

Group No. 

Amount 

Disbursed 

Individual 
Interest 

7,584 3,246.83 7,176 5400.23 9,504 8,951.12 

Group Loan 
Interest 

4 3.33 28 33.61 45 98.06 

Group Project 

Loan 

14 140.00 7 70.00 8 70.00 

Source : Annasaheb Patil Arthik Magas Vikas Mahamandal Ltd + upto December 

 
28.  

29. Social Security: Various schemes 

for social security are being 

implemented in the State. During 

Covid-19 lockdown period 

financial assistance under various 

social security schemes for the 

period of April and May 2021 has 

been provided to beneficiaries 

through Direct Benefit Transfer 

(DBT) inadvance in the month of 

April, 2021. Information of 

important social security schemes 

is given in Table. 

Beneficiaries and expenditure incurred on 

important social security schemes 

 

 
Scheme 

2019-20 2020-21 2021-22+ 

No. of Expenditure 

beneficiaries incurred 

(Crore) 

No. of Expenditure 

beneficiaries incurred 

(Crore) 

No. of 

beneficiaris 

(lakh) 

Expenditure 

incurred 

(` Crore) 

Sanjay Gandhi 10.82 1,161.50 12.31 1,509.5 12.39 987.51 

Shravanbal Seva Rajya 21.74 1,896.91 24.74 2,836.5 24.80 1,873.38 

Indira Gandhi National 11.61 299.83 12.08 419.96 11.82 195.26 

Indira Gandhi National 0.67 22.93 0.76 35.21 0.80 19.14 



 

 

Indira Gandhi National 0.08 3.81 0.09 4.28 0.09 0.29 

National Family Benefit 0.11 27.45 0.14 27.41 0.03 20.15 

Source : Social Justice and Special Assistance Department, GoM +upto December 

 

30. Human Development And 

Sustainable Development Goal;- 

Equitable distribution of 

development benefits & 

opportunities, better living 

environment and empowerment of 

vulnerable sections of society 

translates into human development. 

Human development is about 

creating an environment that 

enables people to develop to their 

full potential, lead productive & 

creative lives in accord with their 

needs & interests and participation 

in the process of decision making 

for the welfare of society. 

According to Subnational Human 

Development Index Report of 

United Nations Development 

Programme (UNDP) (4.0), Human 

Development Index (HDI) of India 

for 2019 was 0.646 and that of 

Maharashtra was 0.697. Kerala had 

highest (0.782) HDI in India for 

2019 As per Maharashtra Human 

Development Report, 2012 the 

HDI of the State was 0.752. 

Mumbai (Mumbai City and 

Mumbai Suburban) ranked first 

with HDI 0.841, followed by Pune 

(0.814). Nandurbar (0.604) had the 

lowest rank. District wise HDI as 

per Maharashtra Human 

Development Report. 

31. Maharashtra Human Development 

Programme 

Maharashtra Human Development 

Programme is being implemented 

in rural and all „C‟ class municipal 

council areas of 125 most 

backward talukas. Under the 

programme, various schemes 

focusing on improvement in 

education, health and income are 

being implemented. Considering 

socio-economic, geographical 

conditions and local needs of the 

talukas, taluka specificschemes are 

formulated. During 2021-22 upto 

November expenditure of ` 468.33 

crore was incurred. The progress of 

various schemes implemented 

under Maharashtra Human 

Development Programme. 

32. Conclusion 
 

Development of the 

Scheduled Castes is the mutual 

responsibility of the Central as 

well as the State Government and 

Union Territory administration. 

The State Governments have 

separate departments to look after 

the welfare of the Scheduled 

Castes, Scheduled Tribes and 

Other Backward Classes. Their 

administrative set up, however, 

varies from State to State. A 



 

 

number of voluntary organizations 

were established to encourage the 

welfare of the Scheduled Castes 

and Scheduled Tribes. To enhance 

the well-being and progress of 

these communities there have been 

establishment of number of 

schemes. 

The schemes have been concerned 

with providing scholarships, loans 

and financial assistance to the 

individuals to ensure they obtain 

education in reputed educational 

institutions. Housing and hostel 

facilities are regarded as 

imperative, as they migrate from 

one region to another. There have 

been schemes to generate 

enthusiasm and interest amongst 

these students in sports. The 

primary motive of the schemes is 

to make sure that these individuals 

do not experience detrimental 

consequences as a result of 

poverty, illiteracy, unemployment 

and homelessness. They primarily 

focus upon alleviating the 

conditions of poverty and 

backwardness, ensure that these 

communities are able to 

communicate with the other groups 

of people, they are able to acquire 

education and generate awareness 

amongst themselves, obtain 

employment opportunities and are 

able to obtain proper housing and 

shelters in order to lead to 

elimination of the problem of 

homelessness. 

33. References 

1. National Commission for 

Scheduled Caste Govt. of India 

Report 2016 

2. Scheduled Caste Sub 

Plan: Planning 

Commission Guidelines 

for Implementation 

2006 

3. NCSC Report 2016 : Scheduled 

Castes Sub Plan (SCSP) 

4. Standing Committee of 

National Monitoring 

Committee on 

Education Development 

of Scheduled Castes 

and Scheduled Tribes 

Ministry of Human 

Resource 

Development:-2012 

5. Planning Commission   Task   

Force‟s   Guidelines   on   

SCSP   and   TSP   and 

Recommendations – 2010 

6. Economic Survey of Maharashtra 

2021-22 

7. Commissionerate of Social 

Welfare, Pune 

8. Economic Survey of Maharashtra 

2020-21 

9. https://mahades.maharashtra.gov.

in/ESM1920/chapter/Marathi/es

m2021_m.pdf 

10. https://mahades.maharashtra.gov.

in/publications.do?pubId=ESM 

11. https://www.niti.gov.in/sites/defa

ult/files/2019- 

12. https://socialjustice.gov.in/ 

13. http://pib.nic.in/newsite/PrintRel

https://mahades.maharashtra.gov.in/ESM1920/chapter/Marathi/esm2021_m.pdf
https://mahades.maharashtra.gov.in/ESM1920/chapter/Marathi/esm2021_m.pdf
https://mahades.maharashtra.gov.in/ESM1920/chapter/Marathi/esm2021_m.pdf
https://www.niti.gov.in/sites/default/files/2019-
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https://socialjustice.gov.in/
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ease.aspx relid=114081 

14. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki 

/Scheduled_Castes_and_Schedul

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15. Special components plan for SC 

& ST-2013-14. 

16.  Annual Report 2013-

14, Ministry of Social 

Justice and 

Empowerment 

„Government of India. 

17. Planning Commission Report 

2012-13. 

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19. Five Year Plans, (10th and 

11th.), Planning Commission, 

Government of India. 

20. . India year book 2015- 

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21. https://sjsa.maharashtra.gov.in/en 

22. https://www.thehindu.com/busin

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23. https://www.thehindu.com/news/

cities/mumbai/funds-for-scs-and-

sts-remain- 

24. https://www.standupmitra.in/Ho

me/SubsidySchemesForSCST 

25. www.thewirescbudgets2020 

26. http://www.ncdhr.org.in/dalit-

arthik-adhikar-andolan/

27.  

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https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/mumbai/funds-for-scs-and-sts-remain-
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http://www.ncdhr.org.in/dalit-arthik-adhikar-andolan/

