CTMJ | traditionalmedicinejournals.com Chinese Traditional Medicine Journal | 2024 | Vol 7 |Issue 6 8 Chinese Traditional Medical Journal Effect of Planned Teaching Programme on Knowledge of School Teachers regarding First Aid Management in Selected Schools of Kanniyakumari District. Dr. Arul Valan. P1, Dr. Gopinath Subramanian 2, Sheeba. B 3 1. HOD & Professor, Department of Medical Surgical Nursing, Dr Kumaraswami Health Centre CON, Kanyakumari, India. 2. Principal, Mythili College of Nursing, Nellore. 3. Professor, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Nursing, Venkateshwara Nursing College, Chennai. Background First Aid is the immediate assistance or treatment given to the person who is injured or suddenly falls ill, before the arrival of an ambulance, a doctor or an appropriately qualified person. The famous Surgeon General Esmarch of Germany conceptualised the idea of First Aid in the later period of 18th century. Each school- going child has faced one or more injuries Abstract— T Safe childhood is the foundation of a good future. Children face different kinds of accidents at school premises while playing. Prevention of these accidents and their management is essential. A study was therefore conducted among school teachers at Agastheeswaram, Kanniyakumari to make them aware about different accidents of children at school premises and their first aid management. The sample consisted of 30 primary and higher primary school teachers selected by Random sampling technique. The analysis showed that improvement of knowledge occurred after adminis tering planned teaching programme (PTP) on first aid management. The data reveals that post test knowledge score mean(30.9+9.61) is significantly Higher than the mean pre test anxiety score (49.6+14.106).The calculated t value(t29=6.001,P0.05) at 0.05 level of Knowledge. There is significant difference between mean pretest and post test Knowledge score and it shows that planned teaching programme is effective in importing knowledge among school teachers. Nursing professionals can benefit from the study result at the area of community, administration, research and education. Keywords: Knowledge, First aid Management, School teachers CTMJ | traditionalmedicinejournals.com Chinese Traditional Medicine Journal | 2024 | Vol 7 |Issue 6 9 in the school. Therefore, next to the parents at home, the teachers are the responsible persons to look after the child; as the teacher spends most of the time with the children, their knowledge of what action to be taken in times of minor and major injuries are crucial for the student safety. Therefore, to maintain student safety in school, knowledge of First aid was mandatory for school teachers. Preventive measures may be instrumental in saving life and ensuring better and more rapid recovery of the child who has sustained injury. Conditions that require immediate attention to avert death include cessation of breathing i.e. asphyxia, severe bleeding, poisoning, fracture, fainting, bites and stings, burns and drowning. According to Red Cross among these injuries there are few common injuries that often occur at the school. These include fall (82%), fracture (49%), and ingestion of foreign body (0.5%). The focus of health and safety in the school as a workplace is on the prevention of illnesses and injuries. Objectives of the study 1. To assess the knowledge regarding First aid management among school teachers before and after administering the planned teaching programme (PTP). 2. To assess the effectiveness of planned teaching programme on knowledge among school teachers regarding First aid management by comparing pre-test and post-test knowledge score. 3. To determine the association between the pre-test knowledge score of school teachers with selected demographic variables. Hypothesis H1: There will be significant association between selected demographic variables and pre-test knowledge scores of school teachers regarding knowledge of First aid management. Literature review Review of literature A descriptive study was conducted to evaluate the first aid knowledge and attitude of primary school teachers at Turkish primary schools. Total of 312 teachers took part in the study, among them 65.1 percent gave incorrect answer regarding Epistaxis, 63.5 percent for bee stings and 88.5 percent for abrasion. The study revealed that most of the teachers do not have correct knowledge and attitudes about first aid; it was also found that with increasing age of teachers, appropriate first aid practice becomes more and more unlikely. Another study to evaluate the level of knowledge about first aid among 79 school teachers (28 males and 51 females) and 227 secondary students (34 males and 193 females) in Poland, showed after 7 surveys that 57 students were having good CTMJ | traditionalmedicinejournals.com Chinese Traditional Medicine Journal | 2024 | Vol 7 |Issue 6 10 knowledge but 163 possessed inadequate knowledge level. In yet another similar study among 100 teachers from two high schools it was found that after application of standardised questionnaire on First aid, half of the respondents know rules of giving first aid, and only one third declared that they can put this rule in practice. Methodology A pre-experimental, with one group pre-test posttest design was used for the study, with planned teaching programme. The study was done in Gnanadeepam Matric Higher Secondary School, Kanyakumari District. Subjects were selected by simple random sampling technique. Among 45 staff 30 staff was selected by lottery method. Ethical clearance was obtained from the institution. Written con sent was obtained from the school authorities and the participants after explaining the purpose of the study. Structured knowledge questionnaire was developed by the researcher. Table: 1 Frequency and percentage distribution of school teachers Demographic Variables Frequency Percentage Age in Years Below 25Yrs 15 50 25-35 Yrs 08 26.67 36-46 Yrs 06 20 47- 60Yrs 01 3.33 Sex Male 08 26.67 Female 22 73.33 Less than 5 Yrs 17 56.67 5- 10 Yrs 07 23.33 Above 10 Yrs 06 20 Married 20 66.67 Unmarried 10 33.33 CTMJ | traditionalmedicinejournals.com Chinese Traditional Medicine Journal | 2024 | Vol 7 |Issue 6 11 No children 13 43.33 One child 08 26.67 Two children 08 26.67 More than two children 01 3.33 Graduate with B.Ed 07 23.33 Postgraduate with B.Ed 18 60 PUC with TCH 03 10 Doctorate 02 6.67 Attended 06 20 Not attended 24 80 Figure: 1 Frequency and percentage distribution of school teachers according to experience of giving first aid 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 YES NO 10 20 24 6 Yes No CTMJ | traditionalmedicinejournals.com Chinese Traditional Medicine Journal | 2024 | Vol 7 |Issue 6 12 igure: 2 Frequency and percentage distribution of school teachers according to Need of first aid training Table 2: pre test post test knowledge regarding first aid management among school teachers n=30 Knowledge level Pretest Posttest Frequency Percentage Frequency Percentage Poor (Below 50%) 12 40% 00 00 Moderate (51-75%) 18 60% 01 3.33% Adequate (Above 75%) 00 00 29 96.67% Table 3: Range of score, Mean, Median and standard deviation and t value of pretest and post test level of Knowledge regarding First aid management n=30 Range of score mean median SD Mean difference t’value DF Pre test 31-69 49.6 54.5 14.106 18.7 6.001 29 Post test 18-58 30.9 28 9.61 ‘t’ value=2.05,P<0.05 Table shows that post test Knowledge score was in the range of 18-58 which was lower than the pre test range 31-69.The data reveals that post test knowledge score mean(30.9+9.61) is significantly Higher than the mean pre test anxiety score (49.6+14.106).The calculated t value(t29=6.001,P0.05) at 0.05 level of Knowledge. There is significant difference between mean pretest and post test Knowledge score and it shows that planned teaching programme is effective in importing knowledge among school teachers. Discussion The findings of this study revealed that the mean post-test score was significantly higher than their mean pre-test score. The calculated ‘ t ’ value (t=6.001, <0.05) were greater than the table value at 0.05. The nursing personnel CTMJ | traditionalmedicinejournals.com Chinese Traditional Medicine Journal | 2024 | Vol 7 |Issue 6 13 have challenge to provide standard and quality nursing care. Through the education the nursing the school teachers will be able to know all the aspects of child safety by taking the preventive measures of injuries and method of providing first aid at the incident. Hence it is concluded that there is highly significant gain in knowledge of primary & higher primary school teachers through planned teaching programme regarding First aid management. Recommendations Based on findings of the study the following recommendations are made: 1. The same study can be undertaken with a large sample to generalize the findings. 2. The study can be under- taken with a control group. 3. A study can be undertaken on parents for first aid management. Conclusion The structured teaching programme regarding First aid management was instructionally effective, appropriate and feasible and can be used to train the teachers in different health aspects for improving the health of the school going children. References 1. St John Ambulance: The Authorised Manual of First aid manual.7th edn, 1997. Britain: Dorling Kindersley Publishers, pp 1-40 2. Kum Samant. First Aid Manual Accident & Emergency.1st edn, 2004. Mumbai: Vora Medical Publication, pp 1-6, 81-95, 242-60 3. Neelam Makhija. Introduction to Nursing Research.1st edn, 2005. India: AP Jain & Co, pp 45-67, 103- 23 4. Singh AK. Tests, Measurement & Research Methods in Behavioral Science. 3rd edn, 2004. India: Bharathi Bhawan Publishers & Dis- tributors, pp 287, 375 5. Nancy Burn, Susan K Grove. Practice of Nursing Research, Con- duct, and Critique & Utilization. 5th edn, 2005. New Delhi: Elsevier Saunders, pp 341-67 6. Denise F Polit, Beck Tatano: Nursing Research: Generating and Assessing Evidence for Nursing Practice. 8th edn, 2008. New Delhi: Wolters Kluer, pp 248-79 7. Sundar Rao PSS, Richard J. An introduction to Biostatistics: A Manual for Students in Health CTMJ | traditionalmedicinejournals.com Chinese Traditional Medicine Journal | 2024 | Vol 7 |Issue 6 14 Sciences. 3rd edn, 2004. India: Prentice Hall Private Ltd, pp 16-22, 56, 93-100 8. http://www.wikipedia.org.html 9. http://thiaindianews.co.in/akcw.html http://www.wikipedia.org.html/ http://thiaindianews.co.in/akcw.html