CTMJ | traditionalmedicinejournals.com Chinese Traditional Medicine Journal | 2022 | Vol5 |Issue3 1 Chinese Traditional Medical Journal Comparison between the piston of IC engine made with Cast Carbon Steel and Carbon Graphite using finite element analysis (FEA) Niu Tianfu, Li Zhijun, Yuan Ruyu, Cardiovascular Department, Shanxi Traditional Chinese Medicine Institute, Taiyuan Cardiovascular Department, the First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Cardiovascular Department, the Second Teaching Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin INTRODUCTION: I. A piston is a cylinder-inside cylindrical component that exerts pressure on the combustion gases. Various materials are used to construct it. A piston rod and/or connecting rod are used in an engine to transmit the force generated by the expanding gas in the cylinder to the crankshaft. The piston rings seal the cylinder and enclose the moving component. The connecting rod's obliquity causes it to generate side thrust. Combustion gases also Abstract— Cast carbon steel and carbon graphite pistons were subjected to thermal loads in this study, which was carried out via the use of finite element analysis (FEA). The working gas temperature and the material qualities of the pistons are employed in the simulation. These pistons were studied using a four-stroke 100cc hero bike engine's specs. A four-stroke 100cc hero bike engine's specs are used to demonstrate an analytical design process for cast carbon steel and carbon graphite pistons. With an applied temperature of 600 Kelvin (K), the FEA findings predict the GRADN: Temperature gradient and critical region on both pistons. It is crucial to identify the key region and the benefits and drawbacks of the two materials. As part of the design process, SolidWorks is used to create the 3D models of pistons (the Feature module), which are then meshes and thermally analysed. CTMJ | traditionalmedicinejournals.com Chinese Traditional Medicine Journal | 2022 | Vol5 |Issue3 2 create a lot of heat, which is dissipated via the cylinder wall. The piston may also serve as a valve in certain engines, closing and opening apertures in the cylinder wall. II. FEM METHOD: The fundamentals of the FEM are straightforward. Assume that a field variable, such as displacement or stress, has to be distributed across a body or component of the engineering design in question. An example of this would be a component that is under stress, or a temperature that is being affected by a heat source. An 'element assembly' is used to represent a one-, two-, or three-dimensional solid's body as a collection of tiny bits known as 'finite elements.' As the number of degrees of freedom required to simulate each element is finite, the term "finite" is used. Only at the nodes, which are the connecting joints, are the components presumed to be connected. Because the components aren't independent things like bricks, they don't have any gaps or surfaces in between them. Discrete materials and structures may be modelled using systems that already exist.) However, this course does not include aspects like as real-masonry bricks, particle mixtures, sand grains, or any of the like.) III. METHODOLOGY OF PROPOSED WORK: This project's approach is based on the data that was gathered and analysed throughout the investigation phase. Designing pistons requires the following methods: IC engine piston development data collection. Taking apart a system to find out what went wrong. This piston and its predicted dimensions were measured and replicated as a 3-D model in Solidworks software, and then examined in Solidworks Simulation.. Using the software's library to choose material. Pistons mated together. Boundary conditions may be applied. Calculation of the outcome. Thermal load analysis is performed by comparing the resulting temperature gradients. CTMJ | traditionalmedicinejournals.com Chinese Traditional Medicine Journal | 2022 | Vol5 |Issue3 3 IV. ENGINE SPECIFICATIONS: Type Air cooled, 4 - stroke single cylinder OHC Displacement 97.2 cc Max. Power 6.15kW (8.36 Ps) @8000 rpm Max. Torque 0.82kg - m (8.05 N-m) @5000 rpm Max. Speed 87 Kmph Bore x Stroke 50.0 mm x 49.5 mm Carburetor Side Draft , Variable Venturi Type with TCIS Compression Ratio 9.9 : 1 Starting Kick / Self Start Ignition DC - Digital CDI Oil Grade SAE 10 W 30 SJ Grade , JASO MA Grade Air Filtration Dry , Pleated Paper Filter Fuel System Carburetor Fuel Metering Carburetion I. REVERSE ENGINEERING THE PISTON: The dimensions of the model piston were measured using vernier callipers and other measurement devices. In order to create a 3D model of this piston, SolidWorks 3D modelling software was used: CTMJ | traditionalmedicinejournals.com Chinese Traditional Medicine Journal | 2022 | Vol5 |Issue3 4 VI. BOUNDARY CONDITIONS AND LOADS: Temperature was applied to the top of the piston at 600 Kelvin, and the piston pin holes were fixed. Both tests will use the same units, boundary conditions, and loads . VII. ANALYSIS ON CAST CARBON STEEL PISTON: Model Information Model name: Part1 Current Configuration: Default Solid Bodies Document Name and Reference Treated As Volumetric Properties Document Path/Date Modified CTMJ | traditionalmedicinejournals.com Chinese Traditional Medicine Journal | 2022 | Vol5 |Issue3 5 - Solid Body Mass:0.199708 kg Volume:2.56036e- 005 m^3 Density:7800 kg/m^3 Weight:1.95714 N Study Properties Study name Study 1 Analysis type Thermal(Transient) Mesh type Solid Mesh Solver type FFEPlus Solution type Transient Total time 1 Seconds Time increment 0.1 Seconds Contact resistance defined? No Result folder SolidWorks document (c:\users\dell\appda ta\local\temp) Units Unit system: SI (MKS) Length/Displaceme nt mm Temperature Kelvin Angular velocity Rad/sec Pressure/Stress N/m^2 Material Properties CTMJ | traditionalmedicinejournals.com Chinese Traditional Medicine Journal | 2022 | Vol5 |Issue3 6 Model Reference Propertie s Compon ents Name: Cast Carbon Steel Model type: Linear Elastic Isotropic Default failure criterion: Max von Mises Stress Thermal conductivity: 30 W/(m.K) Specific heat: 500 J/(kg.K) Mass density: 7800 kg/m^3 Default Curve Data:N/A Thermal Loads Load name Load Image Load Details Temperature- 1 Entities: 1 face(s) Temperature: 600 Kelvin Mesh Information Mesh type Solid Mesh Mesher Used: Standard mesh Automatic Transition: Off Include Mesh Auto Loops: Off Jacobian points 4 Points CTMJ | traditionalmedicinejournals.com Chinese Traditional Medicine Journal | 2022 | Vol5 |Issue3 7 Element Size 2.94848 mm Tolerance 0.147424 mm Mesh Quality High Mesh Information - Details Total Nodes 26259 Total Elements 14251 Maximum Aspect Ratio 90.34 % of elements with Aspect Ratio < 3 83.9 % of elements with Aspect Ratio > 10 0.428 % of distorted elements(Jacobian) 0 Time to complete mesh(hh;mm;ss): 00:00:0 8 Computer name: DELL- PC CTMJ | traditionalmedicinejournals.com Chinese Traditional Medicine Journal | 2022 | Vol5 |Issue3 8 Figure- I There is a 600 Kelvin maximum temperature on the piston head, while the lowest is 0 Kelvin at the piston bottom, which suggests that heat moves to the 1st groove of the piston ring. VIII. ANALYSIS ON CARBON GRAPHITE PISTON: Volumetric Properties: LPattern2 Solid Body Mass:0.0609817 kg Volume:2.7224e-005 m^3 Density:2240 kg/m^3 Weight:0.59762 N DEFAUL T Material Properties CTMJ | traditionalmedicinejournals.com Chinese Traditional Medicine Journal | 2022 | Vol5 |Issue3 9 Model Reference Prop erties Compo nents Name: C (Graphite) Model type:Linear Elastic Isotropic Default failure Max von Mises criterion: Stress Thermal 168 W/(m.K) conductivity: Specific heat: 44 J/(kg.K) Mass density: 2240 kg/m^3 DE FA UL T Figure – II FIGURE II: According to the results shown in the figure, which show a maximum temperature of 600 Kelvin at the top of the piston head and a minimum temperature of 291.770 Kelvin at the bottom, the flow of heat is sufficient. Conclusion- Conclusion: Based on thermal (transient state) analysis results on Cast Carbon Steel CTMJ | traditionalmedicinejournals.com Chinese Traditional Medicine Journal | 2022 | Vol5 |Issue3 10 piston (Result I) and c graphite (Result II), we found that the maximum heat flow occurred in c graphite instead of Cast Carbon Steel which is evidence that the thermal conductivity of Carbon Graphite Piston is much better than cast carbon steel piston which is best for the long life of the Piston. It is also lighter than Cast Carbon Steel, which is better suited for an internal combustion engine. In contrast, carbon graphite has a lower thermal coefficient than Cast Carbon steel, which permits engine design to utilise smaller cold clearances without risking piston seize under heavy loads. Carbon graphite pistons also have the benefit of having great thermal shock resistance and self-lubricant qualities, both of which contribute to the engine's operating durability and efficiency by reducing lubricant use. When a result, C-Graphite is a corrosion resistant against acids and solvents, which helps to preserve mechanical properties, and C-Graphite grows stronger as the temperature is increased. Finally, based on the results of this research, Carbon Graphite pistons are superior than cast carbon steel pistons for IC engines. REFERENCES "Thermal StressAnalysis of Engine Piston" by B.R. Ramesh and Kishan Naik, InternationalConference on Challenges and Opportunities in Mechanical Engineering, IndustrialEngineering and ManagementStudies (ICCOMIM-2012), 11-13 July, 2012 Design, Analysis, and Optimization of Three Aluminum Piston Alloys using FEA: Ajay Raj Singh, DrPushpendra Kumar Sharma, International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications ISSN: 2248-9622, Vol. 4, Issue 1(Version 3, January 2014, pages 94-102 In this study, Dallwoo Kim, Akemi Ito, Yasuhiro Ishikawa, KatsuyukiOsawa, and Yoshiyuki Iwasaki-Friction Characteristics of Steel Pistons for Diesel Engines. There are three authors listed in the bibliography for "Thermal Analysis and Optimization of Microfluidic Devices: A Review of the Literature": Finite Element Analysis of an I.C. Engine Piston Friction losses between the piston ring and liner assembly of an internal combustion engine have been studied in the International Journal of Scientific and Research Publications, Research on IC Engine Parts With Coating: A Review by Ravi S Modi, Maulik Modi, and Tushar M Patel ISSN: 2395-0056, Volume: 4, Issue: 2, January 2017, International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET). A structural and thermal analysis of a piston has been done by K.S.Mahajan and S.H.Deshmukh [7]. Current Engineering and Technology Journal, E-ISSN 2277- 4106, P-ISSN 2347-5161, International The 2016 INPRESSCO.KANCHARLA RAJA SEKHAR is Thermal Analysis of a Piston by G. Vijay Prakash, Volume 5, Issue 4, OCT 2016. CTMJ | traditionalmedicinejournals.com Chinese Traditional Medicine Journal | 2022 | Vol5 |Issue3 11 A study of the thermal temperature fields and thermal stress in a steady temperature field of diesel engine pistons by Yaohui Lu, Peng Lin, Xing Zhang, and Dawei Dong was published in 2016 by Southwest Jiaotong University in Chengdu, Sichuan 610031. "Mechanical and thermal study of the internal combustion engine piston using Ansys" was presented at the International Conference on Applied Sciences in Bucharest, Romania (ICAS2016). Experiment and simulation research breakthroughs in the piston assembly of an internal combustion engine" by 11.C. Kirner, J. Halbhuber, B. Uhlig, A. Oliva, S. Graf, and G. Wachtmeister Tribology International accepted the preprint on March 17, 2016.