id	sid	tid	token	lemma	pos
cpe-3873	1	1	qualitative	qualitative	ADJ
cpe-3873	1	2	approximations	approximation	NOUN
cpe-3873	1	3	to	to	ADP
cpe-3873	1	4	causality	causality	NOUN
cpe-3873	1	5	:	:	PUNCT
cpe-3873	1	6	non	non	ADJ
cpe-3873	1	7	-	-	ADJ
cpe-3873	1	8	randomizable	randomizable	ADJ
cpe-3873	1	9	factors	factor	NOUN
cpe-3873	1	10	in	in	ADP
cpe-3873	1	11	clinical	clinical	ADJ
cpe-3873	1	12	psychology	psychology	NOUN
cpe-3873	1	13	scientific	scientific	ADJ
cpe-3873	1	14	update	update	NOUN
cpe-3873	1	15	and	and	CCONJ
cpe-3873	1	16	overview	overview	VERB
cpe-3873	1	17	qualitative	qualitative	ADJ
cpe-3873	1	18	approximations	approximation	NOUN
cpe-3873	1	19	to	to	ADP
cpe-3873	1	20	causality	causality	NOUN
cpe-3873	1	21	:	:	PUNCT
cpe-3873	1	22	nonrandomizable	nonrandomizable	ADJ
cpe-3873	1	23	factors	factor	NOUN
cpe-3873	1	24	in	in	ADP
cpe-3873	1	25	clinical	clinical	ADJ
cpe-3873	1	26	psychology	psychology	NOUN
cpe-3873	1	27	michael	michael	PROPN
cpe-3873	1	28	höfler	höfler	PROPN
cpe-3873	1	29	1	1	NUM
cpe-3873	1	30	,	,	PUNCT
cpe-3873	1	31	sebastian	sebastian	PROPN
cpe-3873	1	32	trautmann	trautmann	PROPN
cpe-3873	1	33	2	2	NUM
cpe-3873	1	34	,	,	PUNCT
cpe-3873	1	35	philipp	philipp	PROPN
cpe-3873	1	36	kanske	kanske	PROPN
cpe-3873	1	37	1,3	1,3	NUM
cpe-3873	2	1	[	[	X
cpe-3873	2	2	1	1	NUM
cpe-3873	2	3	]	]	X
cpe-3873	2	4	clinical	clinical	ADJ
cpe-3873	2	5	psychology	psychology	NOUN
cpe-3873	2	6	and	and	CCONJ
cpe-3873	2	7	behavioural	behavioural	ADJ
cpe-3873	2	8	neuroscience	neuroscience	NOUN
cpe-3873	2	9	,	,	PUNCT
cpe-3873	2	10	institute	institute	NOUN
cpe-3873	2	11	of	of	ADP
cpe-3873	2	12	clinical	clinical	ADJ
cpe-3873	2	13	psychology	psychology	NOUN
cpe-3873	2	14	and	and	CCONJ
cpe-3873	2	15	psychotherapy	psychotherapy	NOUN
cpe-3873	2	16	,	,	PUNCT
cpe-3873	2	17	technische	technische	PROPN
cpe-3873	2	18	universität	universität	PROPN
cpe-3873	2	19	dresden	dresden	PROPN
cpe-3873	2	20	,	,	PUNCT
cpe-3873	2	21	dresden	dresden	PROPN
cpe-3873	2	22	,	,	PUNCT
cpe-3873	2	23	germany	germany	PROPN
cpe-3873	2	24	.	.	PUNCT
cpe-3873	3	1	[	[	X
cpe-3873	3	2	2	2	NUM
cpe-3873	3	3	]	]	X
cpe-3873	3	4	department	department	NOUN
cpe-3873	3	5	of	of	ADP
cpe-3873	3	6	psychology	psychology	NOUN
cpe-3873	3	7	,	,	PUNCT
cpe-3873	3	8	medical	medical	ADJ
cpe-3873	3	9	school	school	NOUN
cpe-3873	3	10	,	,	PUNCT
cpe-3873	3	11	hamburg	hamburg	PROPN
cpe-3873	3	12	,	,	PUNCT
cpe-3873	3	13	germany	germany	PROPN
cpe-3873	3	14	.	.	PUNCT
cpe-3873	4	1	[	[	X
cpe-3873	4	2	3	3	NUM
cpe-3873	4	3	]	]	X
cpe-3873	4	4	max	max	PROPN
cpe-3873	4	5	planck	planck	PROPN
cpe-3873	4	6	institute	institute	PROPN
cpe-3873	4	7	for	for	ADP
cpe-3873	4	8	human	human	PROPN
cpe-3873	4	9	cognitive	cognitive	ADJ
cpe-3873	4	10	and	and	CCONJ
cpe-3873	4	11	brain	brain	NOUN
cpe-3873	4	12	sciences	sciences	PROPN
cpe-3873	4	13	,	,	PUNCT
cpe-3873	4	14	leipzig	leipzig	PROPN
cpe-3873	4	15	,	,	PUNCT
cpe-3873	4	16	germany	germany	PROPN
cpe-3873	4	17	.	.	PUNCT
cpe-3873	5	1	clinical	clinical	ADJ
cpe-3873	5	2	psychology	psychology	NOUN
cpe-3873	5	3	in	in	ADP
cpe-3873	5	4	europe	europe	PROPN
cpe-3873	5	5	,	,	PUNCT
cpe-3873	5	6	2021	2021	NUM
cpe-3873	5	7	,	,	PUNCT
cpe-3873	5	8	vol	vol	NOUN
cpe-3873	5	9	.	.	PUNCT
cpe-3873	5	10	3(2	3(2	NUM
cpe-3873	5	11	)	)	PUNCT
cpe-3873	5	12	,	,	PUNCT
cpe-3873	5	13	article	article	NOUN
cpe-3873	5	14	e3873	e3873	PROPN
cpe-3873	5	15	,	,	PUNCT
cpe-3873	5	16	https://doi.org/10.32872/cpe.3873	https://doi.org/10.32872/cpe.3873	AUX
cpe-3873	5	17	received	receive	VERB
cpe-3873	5	18	:	:	PUNCT
cpe-3873	5	19	2020	2020	NUM
cpe-3873	5	20	-	-	SYM
cpe-3873	5	21	06	06	NUM
cpe-3873	5	22	-	-	SYM
cpe-3873	5	23	14	14	NUM
cpe-3873	5	24	•	•	NUM
cpe-3873	5	25	accepted	accept	VERB
cpe-3873	5	26	:	:	PUNCT
cpe-3873	5	27	2021	2021	NUM
cpe-3873	5	28	-	-	SYM
cpe-3873	5	29	01	01	NUM
cpe-3873	5	30	-	-	SYM
cpe-3873	5	31	14	14	NUM
cpe-3873	5	32	•	•	NUM
cpe-3873	5	33	published	publish	VERB
cpe-3873	5	34	(	(	PUNCT
cpe-3873	5	35	vor	vor	NOUN
cpe-3873	5	36	):	):	PUNCT
cpe-3873	5	37	2021	2021	NUM
cpe-3873	5	38	-	-	SYM
cpe-3873	5	39	06	06	NUM
cpe-3873	5	40	-	-	SYM
cpe-3873	5	41	18	18	NUM
cpe-3873	5	42	handling	handling	NOUN
cpe-3873	5	43	editor	editor	NOUN
cpe-3873	5	44	:	:	PUNCT
cpe-3873	5	45	winfried	winfrie	VERB
cpe-3873	5	46	rief	rief	NOUN
cpe-3873	5	47	,	,	PUNCT
cpe-3873	5	48	philipps	philipps	NOUN
cpe-3873	5	49	-	-	PUNCT
cpe-3873	5	50	university	university	PROPN
cpe-3873	5	51	of	of	ADP
cpe-3873	5	52	marburg	marburg	PROPN
cpe-3873	5	53	,	,	PUNCT
cpe-3873	5	54	marburg	marburg	PROPN
cpe-3873	5	55	,	,	PUNCT
cpe-3873	5	56	germany	germany	PROPN
cpe-3873	5	57	corresponding	corresponding	ADJ
cpe-3873	5	58	author	author	NOUN
cpe-3873	5	59	:	:	PUNCT
cpe-3873	5	60	michael	michael	PROPN
cpe-3873	5	61	höfler	höfler	PROPN
cpe-3873	5	62	,	,	PUNCT
cpe-3873	5	63	clinical	clinical	ADJ
cpe-3873	5	64	psychology	psychology	NOUN
cpe-3873	5	65	and	and	CCONJ
cpe-3873	5	66	behavioural	behavioural	ADJ
cpe-3873	5	67	neuroscience	neuroscience	NOUN
cpe-3873	5	68	,	,	PUNCT
cpe-3873	5	69	institute	institute	NOUN
cpe-3873	5	70	of	of	ADP
cpe-3873	5	71	clinical	clinical	ADJ
cpe-3873	5	72	psychology	psychology	NOUN
cpe-3873	5	73	and	and	CCONJ
cpe-3873	5	74	psychotherapy	psychotherapy	NOUN
cpe-3873	5	75	,	,	PUNCT
cpe-3873	5	76	technische	technische	PROPN
cpe-3873	5	77	universität	universität	PROPN
cpe-3873	5	78	dresden	dresden	PROPN
cpe-3873	5	79	,	,	PUNCT
cpe-3873	5	80	chemnitzer	chemnitzer	NOUN
cpe-3873	5	81	straße	straße	NOUN
cpe-3873	5	82	46	46	NUM
cpe-3873	5	83	,	,	PUNCT
cpe-3873	5	84	01187	01187	NUM
cpe-3873	5	85	dresden	dresden	PROPN
cpe-3873	5	86	,	,	PUNCT
cpe-3873	5	87	germany	germany	PROPN
cpe-3873	5	88	.	.	PUNCT
cpe-3873	6	1	tel	tel	ADP
cpe-3873	6	2	:	:	PUNCT
cpe-3873	6	3	+49	+49	NOUN
cpe-3873	6	4	351	351	NUM
cpe-3873	6	5	463	463	NUM
cpe-3873	6	6	36921	36921	NUM
cpe-3873	6	7	.	.	PUNCT
cpe-3873	7	1	e	e	X
cpe-3873	7	2	-	-	NOUN
cpe-3873	7	3	mail	mail	NOUN
cpe-3873	7	4	:	:	PUNCT
cpe-3873	7	5	michael.hoefler@tu-dresden.de	michael.hoefler@tu-dresden.de	X
cpe-3873	7	6	supplementary	supplementary	ADJ
cpe-3873	7	7	materials	material	NOUN
cpe-3873	7	8	:	:	PUNCT
cpe-3873	7	9	materials	material	NOUN
cpe-3873	7	10	[	[	PUNCT
cpe-3873	7	11	see	see	VERB
cpe-3873	7	12	index	index	NOUN
cpe-3873	7	13	of	of	ADP
cpe-3873	7	14	supplementary	supplementary	ADJ
cpe-3873	7	15	materials	material	NOUN
cpe-3873	7	16	]	]	PUNCT
cpe-3873	7	17	abstract	abstract	ADJ
cpe-3873	7	18	background	background	NOUN
cpe-3873	7	19	:	:	PUNCT
cpe-3873	7	20	causal	causal	ADJ
cpe-3873	7	21	quests	quest	NOUN
cpe-3873	7	22	in	in	ADP
cpe-3873	7	23	non	non	ADJ
cpe-3873	7	24	-	-	ADJ
cpe-3873	7	25	randomized	randomized	ADJ
cpe-3873	7	26	studies	study	NOUN
cpe-3873	7	27	are	be	AUX
cpe-3873	7	28	unavoidable	unavoidable	ADJ
cpe-3873	7	29	just	just	ADV
cpe-3873	7	30	because	because	SCONJ
cpe-3873	7	31	research	research	NOUN
cpe-3873	7	32	questions	question	NOUN
cpe-3873	7	33	are	be	AUX
cpe-3873	7	34	beyond	beyond	ADP
cpe-3873	7	35	doubt	doubt	NOUN
cpe-3873	7	36	causal	causal	ADV
cpe-3873	7	37	(	(	PUNCT
cpe-3873	7	38	e.g.	e.g.	ADJ
cpe-3873	7	39	,	,	PUNCT
cpe-3873	7	40	aetiology	aetiology	NOUN
cpe-3873	7	41	)	)	PUNCT
cpe-3873	7	42	.	.	PUNCT
cpe-3873	8	1	large	large	ADJ
cpe-3873	8	2	progress	progress	NOUN
cpe-3873	8	3	during	during	ADP
cpe-3873	8	4	the	the	DET
cpe-3873	8	5	last	last	ADJ
cpe-3873	8	6	decades	decade	NOUN
cpe-3873	8	7	has	have	AUX
cpe-3873	8	8	enriched	enrich	VERB
cpe-3873	8	9	the	the	DET
cpe-3873	8	10	methodical	methodical	ADJ
cpe-3873	8	11	toolbox	toolbox	NOUN
cpe-3873	8	12	.	.	PUNCT
cpe-3873	9	1	aims	aim	NOUN
cpe-3873	9	2	:	:	PUNCT
cpe-3873	9	3	summary	summary	NOUN
cpe-3873	9	4	papers	paper	NOUN
cpe-3873	9	5	mainly	mainly	ADV
cpe-3873	9	6	focus	focus	VERB
cpe-3873	9	7	on	on	ADP
cpe-3873	9	8	quantitative	quantitative	ADJ
cpe-3873	9	9	and	and	CCONJ
cpe-3873	9	10	highly	highly	ADV
cpe-3873	9	11	formal	formal	ADJ
cpe-3873	9	12	methods	method	NOUN
cpe-3873	9	13	.	.	PUNCT
cpe-3873	10	1	with	with	ADP
cpe-3873	10	2	examples	example	NOUN
cpe-3873	10	3	from	from	ADP
cpe-3873	10	4	clinical	clinical	ADJ
cpe-3873	10	5	psychology	psychology	NOUN
cpe-3873	10	6	,	,	PUNCT
cpe-3873	10	7	we	we	PRON
cpe-3873	10	8	show	show	VERB
cpe-3873	10	9	how	how	SCONJ
cpe-3873	10	10	qualitative	qualitative	ADJ
cpe-3873	10	11	approaches	approach	NOUN
cpe-3873	10	12	can	can	AUX
cpe-3873	10	13	inform	inform	VERB
cpe-3873	10	14	on	on	ADP
cpe-3873	10	15	the	the	DET
cpe-3873	10	16	necessity	necessity	NOUN
cpe-3873	10	17	and	and	CCONJ
cpe-3873	10	18	feasibility	feasibility	NOUN
cpe-3873	10	19	of	of	ADP
cpe-3873	10	20	quantitative	quantitative	ADJ
cpe-3873	10	21	analysis	analysis	NOUN
cpe-3873	10	22	and	and	CCONJ
cpe-3873	10	23	may	may	AUX
cpe-3873	10	24	yet	yet	ADV
cpe-3873	10	25	sometimes	sometimes	ADV
cpe-3873	10	26	approximate	approximate	VERB
cpe-3873	10	27	causal	causal	ADJ
cpe-3873	10	28	answers	answer	NOUN
cpe-3873	10	29	.	.	PUNCT
cpe-3873	11	1	results	result	NOUN
cpe-3873	11	2	:	:	PUNCT
cpe-3873	11	3	qualitative	qualitative	ADJ
cpe-3873	11	4	use	use	NOUN
cpe-3873	11	5	is	be	AUX
cpe-3873	11	6	hidden	hide	VERB
cpe-3873	11	7	in	in	ADP
cpe-3873	11	8	some	some	DET
cpe-3873	11	9	quantitative	quantitative	ADJ
cpe-3873	11	10	methods	method	NOUN
cpe-3873	11	11	.	.	PUNCT
cpe-3873	12	1	for	for	ADP
cpe-3873	12	2	instance	instance	NOUN
cpe-3873	12	3	,	,	PUNCT
cpe-3873	12	4	it	it	PRON
cpe-3873	12	5	may	may	AUX
cpe-3873	12	6	yet	yet	ADV
cpe-3873	12	7	suffice	suffice	VERB
cpe-3873	12	8	to	to	PART
cpe-3873	12	9	know	know	VERB
cpe-3873	12	10	the	the	DET
cpe-3873	12	11	direction	direction	NOUN
cpe-3873	12	12	of	of	ADP
cpe-3873	12	13	bias	bias	NOUN
cpe-3873	12	14	for	for	ADP
cpe-3873	12	15	a	a	DET
cpe-3873	12	16	tentative	tentative	ADJ
cpe-3873	12	17	causal	causal	ADJ
cpe-3873	12	18	conclusion	conclusion	NOUN
cpe-3873	12	19	.	.	PUNCT
cpe-3873	13	1	counterfactuals	counterfactual	NOUN
cpe-3873	13	2	clarify	clarify	VERB
cpe-3873	13	3	what	what	PRON
cpe-3873	13	4	causal	causal	ADJ
cpe-3873	13	5	effects	effect	NOUN
cpe-3873	13	6	of	of	ADP
cpe-3873	13	7	changeable	changeable	ADJ
cpe-3873	13	8	factors	factor	NOUN
cpe-3873	13	9	are	be	AUX
cpe-3873	13	10	,	,	PUNCT
cpe-3873	13	11	unravel	unravel	VERB
cpe-3873	13	12	what	what	PRON
cpe-3873	13	13	is	be	AUX
cpe-3873	13	14	required	require	VERB
cpe-3873	13	15	for	for	ADP
cpe-3873	13	16	a	a	DET
cpe-3873	13	17	causal	causal	ADJ
cpe-3873	13	18	answer	answer	NOUN
cpe-3873	13	19	,	,	PUNCT
cpe-3873	13	20	but	but	CCONJ
cpe-3873	13	21	do	do	AUX
cpe-3873	13	22	not	not	PART
cpe-3873	13	23	cover	cover	VERB
cpe-3873	13	24	immutable	immutable	ADJ
cpe-3873	13	25	causes	cause	NOUN
cpe-3873	13	26	like	like	ADP
cpe-3873	13	27	gender	gender	NOUN
cpe-3873	13	28	.	.	PUNCT
cpe-3873	14	1	directed	direct	VERB
cpe-3873	14	2	acyclic	acyclic	ADJ
cpe-3873	14	3	graphs	graph	NOUN
cpe-3873	14	4	(	(	PUNCT
cpe-3873	14	5	dags	dag	NOUN
cpe-3873	14	6	)	)	PUNCT
cpe-3873	14	7	address	address	NOUN
cpe-3873	14	8	causal	causal	ADJ
cpe-3873	14	9	effects	effect	NOUN
cpe-3873	14	10	in	in	ADP
cpe-3873	14	11	a	a	DET
cpe-3873	14	12	broader	broad	ADJ
cpe-3873	14	13	sense	sense	NOUN
cpe-3873	14	14	,	,	PUNCT
cpe-3873	14	15	may	may	AUX
cpe-3873	14	16	give	give	VERB
cpe-3873	14	17	rise	rise	NOUN
cpe-3873	14	18	to	to	ADP
cpe-3873	14	19	quantitative	quantitative	ADJ
cpe-3873	14	20	estimation	estimation	NOUN
cpe-3873	14	21	or	or	CCONJ
cpe-3873	14	22	indicate	indicate	VERB
cpe-3873	14	23	that	that	SCONJ
cpe-3873	14	24	this	this	PRON
cpe-3873	14	25	is	be	AUX
cpe-3873	14	26	premature	premature	ADJ
cpe-3873	14	27	.	.	PUNCT
cpe-3873	15	1	conclusion	conclusion	NOUN
cpe-3873	15	2	:	:	PUNCT
cpe-3873	15	3	no	no	DET
cpe-3873	15	4	method	method	NOUN
cpe-3873	15	5	is	be	AUX
cpe-3873	15	6	generally	generally	ADV
cpe-3873	15	7	sufficient	sufficient	ADJ
cpe-3873	15	8	or	or	CCONJ
cpe-3873	15	9	necessary	necessary	ADJ
cpe-3873	15	10	.	.	PUNCT
cpe-3873	16	1	any	any	DET
cpe-3873	16	2	causal	causal	ADJ
cpe-3873	16	3	analysis	analysis	NOUN
cpe-3873	16	4	must	must	AUX
cpe-3873	16	5	ground	ground	VERB
cpe-3873	16	6	on	on	ADP
cpe-3873	16	7	qualification	qualification	NOUN
cpe-3873	16	8	and	and	CCONJ
cpe-3873	16	9	should	should	AUX
cpe-3873	16	10	balance	balance	VERB
cpe-3873	16	11	the	the	DET
cpe-3873	16	12	harms	harm	NOUN
cpe-3873	16	13	of	of	ADP
cpe-3873	16	14	a	a	DET
cpe-3873	16	15	false	false	ADJ
cpe-3873	16	16	positive	positive	ADJ
cpe-3873	16	17	and	and	CCONJ
cpe-3873	16	18	a	a	DET
cpe-3873	16	19	false	false	ADJ
cpe-3873	16	20	negative	negative	ADJ
cpe-3873	16	21	conclusion	conclusion	NOUN
cpe-3873	16	22	in	in	ADP
cpe-3873	16	23	a	a	DET
cpe-3873	16	24	specific	specific	ADJ
cpe-3873	16	25	context	context	NOUN
cpe-3873	16	26	.	.	PUNCT
cpe-3873	17	1	keywords	keyword	VERB
cpe-3873	17	2	causality	causality	NOUN
cpe-3873	17	3	,	,	PUNCT
cpe-3873	17	4	causal	causal	ADJ
cpe-3873	17	5	considerations	consideration	NOUN
cpe-3873	17	6	,	,	PUNCT
cpe-3873	17	7	counterfactuals	counterfactual	NOUN
cpe-3873	17	8	,	,	PUNCT
cpe-3873	17	9	directed	direct	VERB
cpe-3873	17	10	acyclic	acyclic	ADJ
cpe-3873	17	11	graphs	graph	NOUN
cpe-3873	17	12	this	this	PRON
cpe-3873	17	13	is	be	AUX
cpe-3873	17	14	an	an	DET
cpe-3873	17	15	open	open	ADJ
cpe-3873	17	16	access	access	NOUN
cpe-3873	17	17	article	article	NOUN
cpe-3873	17	18	distributed	distribute	VERB
cpe-3873	17	19	under	under	ADP
cpe-3873	17	20	the	the	DET
cpe-3873	17	21	terms	term	NOUN
cpe-3873	17	22	of	of	ADP
cpe-3873	17	23	the	the	DET
cpe-3873	17	24	creative	creative	ADJ
cpe-3873	17	25	commons	common	NOUN
cpe-3873	17	26	attribution	attribution	NOUN
cpe-3873	17	27	4.0	4.0	NUM
cpe-3873	17	28	international	international	ADJ
cpe-3873	17	29	license	license	NOUN
cpe-3873	17	30	,	,	PUNCT
cpe-3873	17	31	cc	cc	VERB
cpe-3873	17	32	by	by	ADP
cpe-3873	17	33	4.0	4.0	NUM
cpe-3873	17	34	,	,	PUNCT
cpe-3873	17	35	which	which	PRON
cpe-3873	17	36	permits	permit	VERB
cpe-3873	17	37	unrestricted	unrestricted	ADJ
cpe-3873	17	38	use	use	NOUN
cpe-3873	17	39	,	,	PUNCT
cpe-3873	17	40	distribution	distribution	NOUN
cpe-3873	17	41	,	,	PUNCT
cpe-3873	17	42	and	and	CCONJ
cpe-3873	17	43	reproduction	reproduction	NOUN
cpe-3873	17	44	,	,	PUNCT
cpe-3873	17	45	provided	provide	VERB
cpe-3873	17	46	the	the	DET
cpe-3873	17	47	original	original	ADJ
cpe-3873	17	48	work	work	NOUN
cpe-3873	17	49	is	be	AUX
cpe-3873	17	50	properly	properly	ADV
cpe-3873	17	51	cited	cite	VERB
cpe-3873	17	52	.	.	PUNCT
cpe-3873	18	1	https://crossmark.crossref.org/dialog/?doi=10.32872/cpe.3873&domain=pdf&date_stamp=2021-06-18	https://crossmark.crossref.org/dialog/?doi=10.32872/cpe.3873&domain=pdf&date_stamp=2021-06-18	NOUN
cpe-3873	18	2	https://cpe.psychopen.eu/	https://cpe.psychopen.eu/	PROPN
cpe-3873	18	3	https://www.psychopen.eu/	https://www.psychopen.eu/	NUM
cpe-3873	18	4	https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/	https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/	PROPN
cpe-3873	18	5	https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/	https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/	PROPN
cpe-3873	18	6	https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/	https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/	PROPN
cpe-3873	18	7	highlights	highlight	VERB
cpe-3873	18	8	•	•	ADP
cpe-3873	18	9	causal	causal	ADJ
cpe-3873	18	10	inference	inference	NOUN
cpe-3873	18	11	outside	outside	ADV
cpe-3873	18	12	randomized	randomize	VERB
cpe-3873	18	13	,	,	PUNCT
cpe-3873	18	14	controlled	control	VERB
cpe-3873	18	15	experiments	experiment	NOUN
cpe-3873	18	16	and	and	CCONJ
cpe-3873	18	17	trials	trial	NOUN
cpe-3873	18	18	is	be	AUX
cpe-3873	18	19	rare	rare	ADJ
cpe-3873	18	20	in	in	ADP
cpe-3873	18	21	clinical	clinical	ADJ
cpe-3873	18	22	psychology	psychology	NOUN
cpe-3873	18	23	,	,	PUNCT
cpe-3873	18	24	regardless	regardless	ADV
cpe-3873	18	25	of	of	ADP
cpe-3873	18	26	the	the	DET
cpe-3873	18	27	rich	rich	ADJ
cpe-3873	18	28	methodology	methodology	NOUN
cpe-3873	18	29	that	that	PRON
cpe-3873	18	30	has	have	AUX
cpe-3873	18	31	evolved	evolve	VERB
cpe-3873	18	32	in	in	ADP
cpe-3873	18	33	the	the	DET
cpe-3873	18	34	last	last	ADJ
cpe-3873	18	35	decades	decade	NOUN
cpe-3873	18	36	.	.	PUNCT
cpe-3873	19	1	•	•	NUM
cpe-3873	19	2	the	the	DET
cpe-3873	19	3	attractiveness	attractiveness	NOUN
cpe-3873	19	4	of	of	ADP
cpe-3873	19	5	these	these	DET
cpe-3873	19	6	new	new	ADJ
cpe-3873	19	7	formal	formal	ADJ
cpe-3873	19	8	tools	tool	NOUN
cpe-3873	19	9	distracts	distract	VERB
cpe-3873	19	10	from	from	ADP
cpe-3873	19	11	their	their	PRON
cpe-3873	19	12	limits	limit	NOUN
cpe-3873	19	13	and	and	CCONJ
cpe-3873	19	14	expenditure	expenditure	NOUN
cpe-3873	19	15	,	,	PUNCT
cpe-3873	19	16	but	but	CCONJ
cpe-3873	19	17	considerable	considerable	ADJ
cpe-3873	19	18	benefit	benefit	NOUN
cpe-3873	19	19	is	be	AUX
cpe-3873	19	20	hidden	hide	VERB
cpe-3873	19	21	in	in	ADP
cpe-3873	19	22	their	their	PRON
cpe-3873	19	23	qualitative	qualitative	ADJ
cpe-3873	19	24	use	use	NOUN
cpe-3873	19	25	.	.	PUNCT
cpe-3873	20	1	•	•	NUM
cpe-3873	20	2	qualitative	qualitative	ADJ
cpe-3873	20	3	considerations	consideration	NOUN
cpe-3873	20	4	may	may	AUX
cpe-3873	20	5	suffice	suffice	VERB
cpe-3873	20	6	to	to	PART
cpe-3873	20	7	approximate	approximate	VERB
cpe-3873	20	8	causal	causal	ADJ
cpe-3873	20	9	answers	answer	NOUN
cpe-3873	20	10	.	.	PUNCT
cpe-3873	21	1	causal	causal	ADJ
cpe-3873	21	2	questions	question	NOUN
cpe-3873	21	3	drive	drive	VERB
cpe-3873	21	4	most	most	ADV
cpe-3873	21	5	scientific	scientific	ADJ
cpe-3873	21	6	reasoning	reasoning	NOUN
cpe-3873	21	7	.	.	PUNCT
cpe-3873	22	1	this	this	PRON
cpe-3873	22	2	should	should	AUX
cpe-3873	22	3	entail	entail	VERB
cpe-3873	22	4	plenty	plenty	NOUN
cpe-3873	22	5	of	of	ADP
cpe-3873	22	6	causal	causal	ADJ
cpe-3873	22	7	analyses	analysis	NOUN
cpe-3873	22	8	,	,	PUNCT
cpe-3873	22	9	but	but	CCONJ
cpe-3873	22	10	clinical	clinical	ADJ
cpe-3873	22	11	psychology	psychology	NOUN
cpe-3873	22	12	often	often	ADV
cpe-3873	22	13	avoids	avoid	VERB
cpe-3873	22	14	causality	causality	NOUN
cpe-3873	22	15	because	because	SCONJ
cpe-3873	22	16	the	the	DET
cpe-3873	22	17	established	establish	VERB
cpe-3873	22	18	gold	gold	NOUN
cpe-3873	22	19	standard	standard	NOUN
cpe-3873	22	20	,	,	PUNCT
cpe-3873	22	21	a	a	DET
cpe-3873	22	22	randomized	randomized	ADJ
cpe-3873	22	23	controlled	control	VERB
cpe-3873	22	24	experiment	experiment	NOUN
cpe-3873	22	25	or	or	CCONJ
cpe-3873	22	26	trial	trial	NOUN
cpe-3873	22	27	(	(	PUNCT
cpe-3873	22	28	rct	rct	PROPN
cpe-3873	22	29	)	)	PUNCT
cpe-3873	22	30	,	,	PUNCT
cpe-3873	22	31	is	be	AUX
cpe-3873	22	32	in	in	ADP
cpe-3873	22	33	many	many	ADJ
cpe-3873	22	34	cases	case	NOUN
cpe-3873	22	35	infeasible	infeasible	ADJ
cpe-3873	22	36	.	.	PUNCT
cpe-3873	23	1	although	although	SCONJ
cpe-3873	23	2	we	we	PRON
cpe-3873	23	3	can	can	AUX
cpe-3873	23	4	not	not	PART
cpe-3873	23	5	or	or	CCONJ
cpe-3873	23	6	should	should	AUX
cpe-3873	23	7	not	not	PART
cpe-3873	23	8	manipulate	manipulate	VERB
cpe-3873	23	9	variables	variable	NOUN
cpe-3873	23	10	such	such	ADJ
cpe-3873	23	11	as	as	ADP
cpe-3873	23	12	gender	gender	NOUN
cpe-3873	23	13	,	,	PUNCT
cpe-3873	23	14	traumatic	traumatic	ADJ
cpe-3873	23	15	events	event	NOUN
cpe-3873	23	16	,	,	PUNCT
cpe-3873	23	17	personality	personality	NOUN
cpe-3873	23	18	traits	trait	NOUN
cpe-3873	23	19	and	and	CCONJ
cpe-3873	23	20	other	other	ADJ
cpe-3873	23	21	constructs	construct	NOUN
cpe-3873	23	22	,	,	PUNCT
cpe-3873	23	23	their	their	PRON
cpe-3873	23	24	effects	effect	NOUN
cpe-3873	23	25	on	on	ADP
cpe-3873	23	26	clinical	clinical	ADJ
cpe-3873	23	27	outcomes	outcome	NOUN
cpe-3873	23	28	must	must	AUX
cpe-3873	23	29	be	be	AUX
cpe-3873	23	30	investi­	investi­	VERB
cpe-3873	23	31	gated	gate	VERB
cpe-3873	23	32	to	to	PART
cpe-3873	23	33	inform	inform	VERB
cpe-3873	23	34	prevention	prevention	NOUN
cpe-3873	23	35	,	,	PUNCT
cpe-3873	23	36	intervention	intervention	NOUN
cpe-3873	23	37	,	,	PUNCT
cpe-3873	23	38	policies	policy	NOUN
cpe-3873	23	39	,	,	PUNCT
cpe-3873	23	40	theories	theory	NOUN
cpe-3873	23	41	and	and	CCONJ
cpe-3873	23	42	further	further	ADJ
cpe-3873	23	43	research	research	NOUN
cpe-3873	23	44	.	.	PUNCT
cpe-3873	24	1	the	the	DET
cpe-3873	24	2	specific	specific	ADJ
cpe-3873	24	3	problem	problem	NOUN
cpe-3873	24	4	of	of	ADP
cpe-3873	24	5	causality	causality	NOUN
cpe-3873	24	6	in	in	ADP
cpe-3873	24	7	observational	observational	ADJ
cpe-3873	24	8	studies	study	NOUN
cpe-3873	24	9	the	the	DET
cpe-3873	24	10	methodological	methodological	ADJ
cpe-3873	24	11	toolbox	toolbox	NOUN
cpe-3873	24	12	has	have	AUX
cpe-3873	24	13	been	be	AUX
cpe-3873	24	14	greatly	greatly	ADV
cpe-3873	24	15	expanded	expand	VERB
cpe-3873	24	16	.	.	PUNCT
cpe-3873	25	1	it	it	PRON
cpe-3873	25	2	now	now	ADV
cpe-3873	25	3	offers	offer	VERB
cpe-3873	25	4	approaches	approach	NOUN
cpe-3873	25	5	to	to	ADP
cpe-3873	25	6	causal	causal	ADJ
cpe-3873	25	7	answers	answer	NOUN
cpe-3873	25	8	in	in	ADP
cpe-3873	25	9	non	non	ADJ
cpe-3873	25	10	-	-	ADJ
cpe-3873	25	11	randomized	randomized	ADJ
cpe-3873	25	12	studies	study	NOUN
cpe-3873	25	13	(	(	PUNCT
cpe-3873	25	14	greenland	greenland	NOUN
cpe-3873	25	15	,	,	PUNCT
cpe-3873	25	16	2017	2017	NUM
cpe-3873	25	17	)	)	PUNCT
cpe-3873	25	18	.	.	PUNCT
cpe-3873	26	1	these	these	DET
cpe-3873	26	2	new	new	ADJ
cpe-3873	26	3	tools	tool	NOUN
cpe-3873	26	4	mainly	mainly	ADV
cpe-3873	26	5	address	address	VERB
cpe-3873	26	6	the	the	DET
cpe-3873	26	7	specific	specific	ADJ
cpe-3873	26	8	problem	problem	NOUN
cpe-3873	26	9	of	of	ADP
cpe-3873	26	10	causality	causality	NOUN
cpe-3873	26	11	:	:	PUNCT
cpe-3873	26	12	without	without	ADP
cpe-3873	26	13	randomization	randomization	NOUN
cpe-3873	26	14	,	,	PUNCT
cpe-3873	26	15	a	a	DET
cpe-3873	26	16	binary	binary	ADJ
cpe-3873	26	17	factor	factor	NOUN
cpe-3873	26	18	x	x	X
cpe-3873	26	19	(	(	PUNCT
cpe-3873	26	20	group	group	NOUN
cpe-3873	26	21	comparison	comparison	NOUN
cpe-3873	26	22	,	,	PUNCT
cpe-3873	26	23	e.g.	e.g.	ADV
cpe-3873	26	24	,	,	PUNCT
cpe-3873	26	25	with	with	ADP
cpe-3873	26	26	and	and	CCONJ
cpe-3873	26	27	without	without	ADP
cpe-3873	26	28	a	a	DET
cpe-3873	26	29	bipolar	bipolar	ADJ
cpe-3873	26	30	disorder	disorder	NOUN
cpe-3873	26	31	diagnosis	diagnosis	NOUN
cpe-3873	26	32	)	)	PUNCT
cpe-3873	26	33	and	and	CCONJ
cpe-3873	26	34	outcome	outcome	VERB
cpe-3873	26	35	y	y	PROPN
cpe-3873	26	36	(	(	PUNCT
cpe-3873	26	37	e.g.	e.g.	ADV
cpe-3873	26	38	,	,	PUNCT
cpe-3873	26	39	amount	amount	NOUN
cpe-3873	26	40	of	of	ADP
cpe-3873	26	41	substance	substance	NOUN
cpe-3873	26	42	use	use	NOUN
cpe-3873	26	43	)	)	PUNCT
cpe-3873	26	44	often	often	ADV
cpe-3873	26	45	have	have	VERB
cpe-3873	26	46	shared	share	VERB
cpe-3873	26	47	causes	cause	NOUN
cpe-3873	26	48	,	,	PUNCT
cpe-3873	26	49	z	z	X
cpe-3873	26	50	(	(	PUNCT
cpe-3873	26	51	e.g.	e.g.	ADV
cpe-3873	26	52	,	,	PUNCT
cpe-3873	26	53	parental	parental	ADJ
cpe-3873	26	54	mental	mental	ADJ
cpe-3873	26	55	health	health	NOUN
cpe-3873	26	56	)	)	PUNCT
cpe-3873	26	57	,	,	PUNCT
cpe-3873	26	58	that	that	PRON
cpe-3873	26	59	are	be	AUX
cpe-3873	26	60	out	out	ADP
cpe-3873	26	61	of	of	ADP
cpe-3873	26	62	experimental	experimental	ADJ
cpe-3873	26	63	control	control	NOUN
cpe-3873	26	64	and	and	CCONJ
cpe-3873	26	65	cause	cause	VERB
cpe-3873	26	66	bias	bias	NOUN
cpe-3873	26	67	in	in	ADP
cpe-3873	26	68	an	an	DET
cpe-3873	26	69	estimate	estimate	NOUN
cpe-3873	26	70	of	of	ADP
cpe-3873	26	71	the	the	DET
cpe-3873	26	72	average	average	ADJ
cpe-3873	26	73	effect	effect	NOUN
cpe-3873	26	74	of	of	ADP
cpe-3873	26	75	x	x	PUNCT
cpe-3873	26	76	on	on	ADP
cpe-3873	26	77	y.	y.	PROPN
cpe-3873	26	78	in	in	ADP
cpe-3873	26	79	linear	linear	NOUN
cpe-3873	26	80	models	model	NOUN
cpe-3873	26	81	and	and	CCONJ
cpe-3873	26	82	for	for	ADP
cpe-3873	26	83	just	just	ADV
cpe-3873	26	84	a	a	DET
cpe-3873	26	85	single	single	ADJ
cpe-3873	26	86	z	z	NOUN
cpe-3873	26	87	,	,	PUNCT
cpe-3873	26	88	this	this	DET
cpe-3873	26	89	bias	bias	NOUN
cpe-3873	26	90	is	be	AUX
cpe-3873	26	91	the	the	DET
cpe-3873	26	92	product	product	NOUN
cpe-3873	26	93	of	of	ADP
cpe-3873	26	94	the	the	DET
cpe-3873	26	95	effect	effect	NOUN
cpe-3873	26	96	of	of	ADP
cpe-3873	26	97	z	z	NOUN
cpe-3873	26	98	on	on	ADP
cpe-3873	26	99	x	x	X
cpe-3873	26	100	and	and	CCONJ
cpe-3873	26	101	y	y	PROPN
cpe-3873	26	102	,	,	PUNCT
cpe-3873	26	103	meaning	mean	VERB
cpe-3873	26	104	that	that	SCONJ
cpe-3873	26	105	it	it	PRON
cpe-3873	26	106	equals	equal	VERB
cpe-3873	26	107	α1	α1	PROPN
cpe-3873	26	108	*	*	PUNCT
cpe-3873	26	109	α2	α2	PROPN
cpe-3873	26	110	,	,	PUNCT
cpe-3873	26	111	where	where	SCONJ
cpe-3873	26	112	α1	α1	PROPN
cpe-3873	26	113	denotes	denote	VERB
cpe-3873	26	114	the	the	DET
cpe-3873	26	115	effect	effect	NOUN
cpe-3873	26	116	of	of	ADP
cpe-3873	26	117	z	z	NOUN
cpe-3873	26	118	on	on	ADP
cpe-3873	26	119	x	x	NOUN
cpe-3873	26	120	,	,	PUNCT
cpe-3873	26	121	and	and	CCONJ
cpe-3873	26	122	α2	α2	VERB
cpe-3873	26	123	the	the	DET
cpe-3873	26	124	effect	effect	NOUN
cpe-3873	26	125	of	of	ADP
cpe-3873	26	126	z	z	NOUN
cpe-3873	26	127	on	on	ADP
cpe-3873	26	128	y	y	PROPN
cpe-3873	26	129	(	(	PUNCT
cpe-3873	26	130	e.g.	e.g.	ADV
cpe-3873	26	131	,	,	PUNCT
cpe-3873	26	132	gelman	gelman	PROPN
cpe-3873	26	133	&	&	CCONJ
cpe-3873	26	134	hill	hill	PROPN
cpe-3873	26	135	,	,	PUNCT
cpe-3873	26	136	2007	2007	NUM
cpe-3873	26	137	,	,	PUNCT
cpe-3873	26	138	chapter	chapter	NOUN
cpe-3873	26	139	9	9	NUM
cpe-3873	26	140	)	)	PUNCT
cpe-3873	26	141	.	.	PUNCT
cpe-3873	27	1	this	this	DET
cpe-3873	27	2	simple	simple	ADJ
cpe-3873	27	3	formula	formula	NOUN
cpe-3873	27	4	implies	imply	VERB
cpe-3873	27	5	that	that	SCONJ
cpe-3873	27	6	a.	a.	NOUN
cpe-3873	27	7	bias	bias	NOUN
cpe-3873	27	8	occurs	occur	VERB
cpe-3873	27	9	only	only	ADV
cpe-3873	27	10	if	if	SCONJ
cpe-3873	27	11	α1	α1	PROPN
cpe-3873	27	12	≠	≠	PROPN
cpe-3873	27	13	0	0	NUM
cpe-3873	27	14	and	and	CCONJ
cpe-3873	27	15	α2	α2	ADJ
cpe-3873	27	16	≠	≠	PROPN
cpe-3873	27	17	0	0	NUM
cpe-3873	27	18	b.	b.	NOUN
cpe-3873	27	19	the	the	DET
cpe-3873	27	20	direction	direction	NOUN
cpe-3873	27	21	of	of	ADP
cpe-3873	27	22	bias	bias	NOUN
cpe-3873	27	23	just	just	ADV
cpe-3873	27	24	depends	depend	VERB
cpe-3873	27	25	on	on	ADP
cpe-3873	27	26	the	the	DET
cpe-3873	27	27	signs	sign	NOUN
cpe-3873	27	28	of	of	ADP
cpe-3873	27	29	α1	α1	PROPN
cpe-3873	27	30	and	and	CCONJ
cpe-3873	27	31	α2	α2	ADJ
cpe-3873	27	32	.	.	PUNCT
cpe-3873	28	1	if	if	SCONJ
cpe-3873	28	2	they	they	PRON
cpe-3873	28	3	are	be	AUX
cpe-3873	28	4	equal	equal	ADJ
cpe-3873	28	5	,	,	PUNCT
cpe-3873	28	6	bias	bias	NOUN
cpe-3873	28	7	is	be	AUX
cpe-3873	28	8	upward	upward	ADJ
cpe-3873	28	9	,	,	PUNCT
cpe-3873	28	10	otherwise	otherwise	ADV
cpe-3873	28	11	downward	downward	ADJ
cpe-3873	28	12	.	.	PUNCT
cpe-3873	29	1	c.	c.	NOUN
cpe-3873	29	2	bias	bias	PROPN
cpe-3873	29	3	is	be	AUX
cpe-3873	29	4	small	small	ADJ
cpe-3873	29	5	if	if	SCONJ
cpe-3873	29	6	either	either	CCONJ
cpe-3873	29	7	is	be	AUX
cpe-3873	29	8	small	small	ADJ
cpe-3873	29	9	these	these	DET
cpe-3873	29	10	properties	property	NOUN
cpe-3873	29	11	generalize	generalize	VERB
cpe-3873	29	12	to	to	ADP
cpe-3873	29	13	non	non	ADJ
cpe-3873	29	14	-	-	ADJ
cpe-3873	29	15	linear	linear	ADJ
cpe-3873	29	16	relations	relation	NOUN
cpe-3873	29	17	and	and	CCONJ
cpe-3873	29	18	any	any	DET
cpe-3873	29	19	distributions	distribution	NOUN
cpe-3873	29	20	of	of	ADP
cpe-3873	29	21	y	y	PROPN
cpe-3873	29	22	and	and	CCONJ
cpe-3873	29	23	z	z	PROPN
cpe-3873	29	24	and	and	CCONJ
cpe-3873	29	25	to	to	ADP
cpe-3873	29	26	multiple	multiple	ADJ
cpe-3873	29	27	z	z	NOUN
cpe-3873	29	28	that	that	PRON
cpe-3873	29	29	are	be	AUX
cpe-3873	29	30	independent	independent	ADJ
cpe-3873	29	31	or	or	CCONJ
cpe-3873	29	32	positively	positively	ADV
cpe-3873	29	33	inter	inter	ADJ
cpe-3873	29	34	-	-	VERB
cpe-3873	29	35	related	related	ADJ
cpe-3873	29	36	(	(	PUNCT
cpe-3873	29	37	groenwold	groenwold	ADJ
cpe-3873	29	38	,	,	PUNCT
cpe-3873	29	39	shofty	shofty	NOUN
cpe-3873	29	40	,	,	PUNCT
cpe-3873	29	41	miočević	miočević	NOUN
cpe-3873	29	42	,	,	PUNCT
cpe-3873	29	43	van	van	PROPN
cpe-3873	29	44	smeden	smeden	ADJ
cpe-3873	29	45	,	,	PUNCT
cpe-3873	29	46	&	&	CCONJ
cpe-3873	29	47	klugkist	klugkist	PROPN
cpe-3873	29	48	,	,	PUNCT
cpe-3873	29	49	2018	2018	NUM
cpe-3873	29	50	;	;	PUNCT
cpe-3873	29	51	pearl	pearl	NOUN
cpe-3873	29	52	’s	’s	PART
cpe-3873	29	53	“	"	PUNCT
cpe-3873	29	54	adjustment	adjustment	NOUN
cpe-3873	29	55	formula	formula	NOUN
cpe-3873	29	56	”	"	PUNCT
cpe-3873	29	57	is	be	AUX
cpe-3873	29	58	the	the	DET
cpe-3873	29	59	most	most	ADV
cpe-3873	29	60	general	general	ADJ
cpe-3873	29	61	expression	expression	NOUN
cpe-3873	29	62	;	;	PUNCT
cpe-3873	29	63	pearl	pearl	NOUN
cpe-3873	29	64	,	,	PUNCT
cpe-3873	29	65	2009	2009	NUM
cpe-3873	29	66	)	)	PUNCT
cpe-3873	29	67	.	.	PUNCT
cpe-3873	30	1	we	we	PRON
cpe-3873	30	2	refer	refer	VERB
cpe-3873	30	3	to	to	ADP
cpe-3873	30	4	the	the	DET
cpe-3873	30	5	above	above	NOUN
cpe-3873	30	6	as	as	ADP
cpe-3873	30	7	the	the	DET
cpe-3873	30	8	basic	basic	ADJ
cpe-3873	30	9	confounding	confound	VERB
cpe-3873	30	10	relation	relation	NOUN
cpe-3873	30	11	.	.	PUNCT
cpe-3873	31	1	experimental	experimental	ADJ
cpe-3873	31	2	control	control	NOUN
cpe-3873	31	3	and	and	CCONJ
cpe-3873	31	4	randomization	randomization	NOUN
cpe-3873	31	5	together	together	ADV
cpe-3873	31	6	disconnect	disconnect	VERB
cpe-3873	31	7	all	all	DET
cpe-3873	31	8	confounders	confounder	NOUN
cpe-3873	31	9	z	z	NOUN
cpe-3873	31	10	from	from	ADP
cpe-3873	31	11	x	x	PUNCT
cpe-3873	31	12	and	and	CCONJ
cpe-3873	31	13	thus	thus	ADV
cpe-3873	31	14	eliminate	eliminate	VERB
cpe-3873	31	15	confounding	confound	VERB
cpe-3873	31	16	bias	bias	NOUN
cpe-3873	31	17	.	.	PUNCT
cpe-3873	32	1	otherwise	otherwise	ADV
cpe-3873	32	2	,	,	PUNCT
cpe-3873	32	3	x	x	PRON
cpe-3873	32	4	is	be	AUX
cpe-3873	32	5	just	just	ADV
cpe-3873	32	6	observed	observe	VERB
cpe-3873	32	7	,	,	PUNCT
cpe-3873	32	8	and	and	CCONJ
cpe-3873	32	9	in	in	ADP
cpe-3873	32	10	life	life	NOUN
cpe-3873	32	11	-	-	PUNCT
cpe-3873	32	12	sciences	science	NOUN
cpe-3873	32	13	qualitative	qualitative	ADJ
cpe-3873	32	14	approximations	approximation	NOUN
cpe-3873	32	15	to	to	ADP
cpe-3873	32	16	causality	causality	NOUN
cpe-3873	32	17	2	2	NUM
cpe-3873	32	18	clinical	clinical	ADJ
cpe-3873	32	19	psychology	psychology	NOUN
cpe-3873	32	20	in	in	ADP
cpe-3873	32	21	europe	europe	PROPN
cpe-3873	32	22	2021	2021	NUM
cpe-3873	32	23	,	,	PUNCT
cpe-3873	32	24	vol	vol	NOUN
cpe-3873	32	25	.	.	PUNCT
cpe-3873	32	26	3(2	3(2	NUM
cpe-3873	32	27	)	)	PUNCT
cpe-3873	32	28	,	,	PUNCT
cpe-3873	32	29	article	article	NOUN
cpe-3873	32	30	e3873	e3873	PRON
cpe-3873	32	31	https://doi.org/10.32872/cpe.3873	https://doi.org/10.32872/cpe.3873	VERB
cpe-3873	32	32	https://www.psychopen.eu/	https://www.psychopen.eu/	VERB
cpe-3873	32	33	like	like	ADP
cpe-3873	32	34	clinical	clinical	ADJ
cpe-3873	32	35	psychology	psychology	NOUN
cpe-3873	32	36	the	the	DET
cpe-3873	32	37	number	number	NOUN
cpe-3873	32	38	of	of	ADP
cpe-3873	32	39	natural	natural	ADJ
cpe-3873	32	40	causes	cause	NOUN
cpe-3873	32	41	of	of	ADP
cpe-3873	32	42	an	an	PRON
cpe-3873	32	43	x	x	PRON
cpe-3873	32	44	might	might	AUX
cpe-3873	32	45	be	be	AUX
cpe-3873	32	46	vast	vast	ADJ
cpe-3873	32	47	.	.	PUNCT
cpe-3873	33	1	the	the	DET
cpe-3873	33	2	new	new	ADJ
cpe-3873	33	3	methodical	methodical	ADJ
cpe-3873	33	4	tools	tool	NOUN
cpe-3873	33	5	try	try	VERB
cpe-3873	33	6	to	to	PART
cpe-3873	33	7	unravel	unravel	VERB
cpe-3873	33	8	the	the	DET
cpe-3873	33	9	x	x	PROPN
cpe-3873	33	10	-	-	PROPN
cpe-3873	33	11	y	y	PROPN
cpe-3873	33	12	relation	relation	NOUN
cpe-3873	33	13	in	in	ADP
cpe-3873	33	14	an	an	DET
cpe-3873	33	15	imaginary	imaginary	ADJ
cpe-3873	33	16	world	world	NOUN
cpe-3873	33	17	in	in	ADP
cpe-3873	33	18	which	which	PRON
cpe-3873	33	19	x	x	PUNCT
cpe-3873	33	20	(	(	PUNCT
cpe-3873	33	21	or	or	CCONJ
cpe-3873	33	22	y	y	NOUN
cpe-3873	33	23	)	)	PUNCT
cpe-3873	33	24	was	be	AUX
cpe-3873	33	25	independent	independent	ADJ
cpe-3873	33	26	of	of	ADP
cpe-3873	33	27	z	z	NOUN
cpe-3873	33	28	and	and	CCONJ
cpe-3873	33	29	thus	thus	ADV
cpe-3873	33	30	simulate	simulate	VERB
cpe-3873	33	31	what	what	PRON
cpe-3873	33	32	changing	change	VERB
cpe-3873	33	33	(	(	PUNCT
cpe-3873	33	34	rather	rather	ADV
cpe-3873	33	35	than	than	ADP
cpe-3873	33	36	observing	observe	VERB
cpe-3873	33	37	)	)	PUNCT
cpe-3873	33	38	x	x	PRON
cpe-3873	33	39	would	would	AUX
cpe-3873	33	40	do	do	VERB
cpe-3873	33	41	with	with	ADP
cpe-3873	33	42	y	y	PROPN
cpe-3873	33	43	(	(	PUNCT
cpe-3873	33	44	“	"	PUNCT
cpe-3873	33	45	do(x	do(x	NUM
cpe-3873	33	46	)	)	PUNCT
cpe-3873	33	47	,	,	PUNCT
cpe-3873	33	48	”	"	PUNCT
cpe-3873	33	49	pearl	pearl	NOUN
cpe-3873	33	50	,	,	PUNCT
cpe-3873	33	51	2009	2009	NUM
cpe-3873	33	52	)	)	PUNCT
cpe-3873	33	53	.	.	PUNCT
cpe-3873	34	1	the	the	DET
cpe-3873	34	2	new	new	ADJ
cpe-3873	34	3	methods	method	NOUN
cpe-3873	34	4	mimic	mimic	VERB
cpe-3873	34	5	what	what	PRON
cpe-3873	34	6	might	might	AUX
cpe-3873	34	7	be	be	AUX
cpe-3873	34	8	observed	observe	VERB
cpe-3873	34	9	if	if	SCONJ
cpe-3873	34	10	x	x	PRON
cpe-3873	34	11	were	be	AUX
cpe-3873	34	12	changed	change	VERB
cpe-3873	34	13	,	,	PUNCT
cpe-3873	34	14	but	but	CCONJ
cpe-3873	34	15	unlike	unlike	ADP
cpe-3873	34	16	real	real	ADJ
cpe-3873	34	17	-	-	PUNCT
cpe-3873	34	18	world	world	NOUN
cpe-3873	34	19	change	change	NOUN
cpe-3873	34	20	experiments	experiment	NOUN
cpe-3873	34	21	where	where	SCONJ
cpe-3873	34	22	x	x	PRON
cpe-3873	34	23	is	be	AUX
cpe-3873	34	24	isolated	isolate	VERB
cpe-3873	34	25	,	,	PUNCT
cpe-3873	34	26	their	their	PRON
cpe-3873	34	27	use	use	NOUN
cpe-3873	34	28	requires	require	VERB
cpe-3873	34	29	an	an	DET
cpe-3873	34	30	explicit	explicit	ADJ
cpe-3873	34	31	understanding	understanding	NOUN
cpe-3873	34	32	of	of	ADP
cpe-3873	34	33	the	the	DET
cpe-3873	34	34	relationships	relationship	NOUN
cpe-3873	34	35	between	between	ADP
cpe-3873	34	36	variables	variable	NOUN
cpe-3873	34	37	z	z	PROPN
cpe-3873	34	38	and	and	CCONJ
cpe-3873	34	39	x.	x.	NOUN
cpe-3873	34	40	likewise	likewise	ADV
cpe-3873	34	41	,	,	PUNCT
cpe-3873	34	42	during	during	ADP
cpe-3873	34	43	their	their	PRON
cpe-3873	34	44	elaboration	elaboration	NOUN
cpe-3873	34	45	it	it	PRON
cpe-3873	34	46	has	have	AUX
cpe-3873	34	47	been	be	AUX
cpe-3873	34	48	stressed	stress	VERB
cpe-3873	34	49	that	that	SCONJ
cpe-3873	34	50	one	one	PRON
cpe-3873	34	51	must	must	AUX
cpe-3873	34	52	consider	consider	VERB
cpe-3873	34	53	how	how	SCONJ
cpe-3873	34	54	an	an	PRON
cpe-3873	34	55	x	x	NOUN
cpe-3873	34	56	is	be	AUX
cpe-3873	34	57	to	to	PART
cpe-3873	34	58	be	be	AUX
cpe-3873	34	59	changed	change	VERB
cpe-3873	34	60	because	because	SCONJ
cpe-3873	34	61	this	this	PRON
cpe-3873	34	62	may	may	AUX
cpe-3873	34	63	make	make	VERB
cpe-3873	34	64	a	a	DET
cpe-3873	34	65	large	large	ADJ
cpe-3873	34	66	difference	difference	NOUN
cpe-3873	34	67	(	(	PUNCT
cpe-3873	34	68	greenland	greenland	NOUN
cpe-3873	34	69	,	,	PUNCT
cpe-3873	34	70	2005a	2005a	NUM
cpe-3873	34	71	)	)	PUNCT
cpe-3873	34	72	.	.	PUNCT
cpe-3873	35	1	for	for	ADP
cpe-3873	35	2	example	example	NOUN
cpe-3873	35	3	,	,	PUNCT
cpe-3873	35	4	just	just	ADV
cpe-3873	35	5	stopping	stop	VERB
cpe-3873	35	6	drug	drug	NOUN
cpe-3873	35	7	use	use	NOUN
cpe-3873	35	8	might	might	AUX
cpe-3873	35	9	even	even	ADV
cpe-3873	35	10	worsen	worsen	VERB
cpe-3873	35	11	an	an	DET
cpe-3873	35	12	outcome	outcome	NOUN
cpe-3873	35	13	if	if	SCONJ
cpe-3873	35	14	an	an	DET
cpe-3873	35	15	intervention	intervention	NOUN
cpe-3873	35	16	does	do	AUX
cpe-3873	35	17	not	not	PART
cpe-3873	35	18	address	address	VERB
cpe-3873	35	19	factors	factor	NOUN
cpe-3873	35	20	like	like	ADP
cpe-3873	35	21	stress	stress	NOUN
cpe-3873	35	22	coping	cope	VERB
cpe-3873	35	23	,	,	PUNCT
cpe-3873	35	24	a	a	DET
cpe-3873	35	25	putative	putative	ADJ
cpe-3873	35	26	cause	cause	NOUN
cpe-3873	35	27	of	of	ADP
cpe-3873	35	28	drug	drug	NOUN
cpe-3873	35	29	use	use	NOUN
cpe-3873	35	30	.	.	PUNCT
cpe-3873	36	1	in	in	ADP
cpe-3873	36	2	this	this	DET
cpe-3873	36	3	sense	sense	NOUN
cpe-3873	36	4	,	,	PUNCT
cpe-3873	36	5	the	the	DET
cpe-3873	36	6	new	new	ADJ
cpe-3873	36	7	methods	method	NOUN
cpe-3873	36	8	complement	complement	VERB
cpe-3873	36	9	randomized	randomize	VERB
cpe-3873	36	10	experiments	experiment	NOUN
cpe-3873	36	11	and	and	CCONJ
cpe-3873	36	12	rcts	rct	NOUN
cpe-3873	36	13	through	through	ADP
cpe-3873	36	14	the	the	DET
cpe-3873	36	15	more	more	ADV
cpe-3873	36	16	explicit	explicit	ADJ
cpe-3873	36	17	need	need	NOUN
cpe-3873	36	18	to	to	PART
cpe-3873	36	19	go	go	VERB
cpe-3873	36	20	beyond	beyond	ADP
cpe-3873	36	21	a	a	DET
cpe-3873	36	22	single	single	ADJ
cpe-3873	36	23	x	x	NOUN
cpe-3873	36	24	,	,	PUNCT
cpe-3873	36	25	thus	thus	ADV
cpe-3873	36	26	to	to	PART
cpe-3873	36	27	move	move	VERB
cpe-3873	36	28	from	from	ADP
cpe-3873	36	29	“	"	PUNCT
cpe-3873	36	30	causal	causal	ADJ
cpe-3873	36	31	description	description	NOUN
cpe-3873	36	32	”	"	PUNCT
cpe-3873	36	33	to	to	ADP
cpe-3873	36	34	“	"	PUNCT
cpe-3873	36	35	causal	causal	ADJ
cpe-3873	36	36	explanation	explanation	NOUN
cpe-3873	36	37	”	"	PUNCT
cpe-3873	36	38	(	(	PUNCT
cpe-3873	36	39	johnson	johnson	PROPN
cpe-3873	36	40	,	,	PUNCT
cpe-3873	36	41	russo	russo	PROPN
cpe-3873	36	42	,	,	PUNCT
cpe-3873	36	43	&	&	CCONJ
cpe-3873	36	44	schoonenboom	schoonenboom	PROPN
cpe-3873	36	45	,	,	PUNCT
cpe-3873	36	46	2019	2019	NUM
cpe-3873	36	47	)	)	PUNCT
cpe-3873	36	48	.	.	PUNCT
cpe-3873	37	1	for	for	ADP
cpe-3873	37	2	other	other	ADJ
cpe-3873	37	3	(	(	PUNCT
cpe-3873	37	4	non	non	ADJ
cpe-3873	37	5	-	-	ADJ
cpe-3873	37	6	specific	specific	ADJ
cpe-3873	37	7	)	)	PUNCT
cpe-3873	37	8	sources	source	NOUN
cpe-3873	37	9	of	of	ADP
cpe-3873	37	10	bias	bias	NOUN
cpe-3873	37	11	like	like	ADP
cpe-3873	37	12	selection	selection	NOUN
cpe-3873	37	13	and	and	CCONJ
cpe-3873	37	14	measurement	measurement	NOUN
cpe-3873	37	15	error	error	NOUN
cpe-3873	37	16	that	that	PRON
cpe-3873	37	17	also	also	ADV
cpe-3873	37	18	effect	effect	VERB
cpe-3873	37	19	the	the	DET
cpe-3873	37	20	results	result	NOUN
cpe-3873	37	21	of	of	ADP
cpe-3873	37	22	randomized	randomized	ADJ
cpe-3873	37	23	studies	study	NOUN
cpe-3873	37	24	,	,	PUNCT
cpe-3873	37	25	see	see	VERB
cpe-3873	37	26	the	the	DET
cpe-3873	37	27	supplementary	supplementary	ADJ
cpe-3873	37	28	materials	material	NOUN
cpe-3873	37	29	.	.	PUNCT
cpe-3873	38	1	instead	instead	ADV
cpe-3873	38	2	of	of	ADP
cpe-3873	38	3	making	make	VERB
cpe-3873	38	4	use	use	NOUN
cpe-3873	38	5	of	of	ADP
cpe-3873	38	6	the	the	DET
cpe-3873	38	7	new	new	ADJ
cpe-3873	38	8	methodological	methodological	ADJ
cpe-3873	38	9	toolbox	toolbox	NOUN
cpe-3873	38	10	to	to	PART
cpe-3873	38	11	approach	approach	VERB
cpe-3873	38	12	causal	causal	ADJ
cpe-3873	38	13	answers	answer	NOUN
cpe-3873	38	14	in	in	ADP
cpe-3873	38	15	observational	observational	ADJ
cpe-3873	38	16	studies	study	NOUN
cpe-3873	38	17	,	,	PUNCT
cpe-3873	38	18	clinical	clinical	ADJ
cpe-3873	38	19	psychology	psychology	NOUN
cpe-3873	38	20	was	be	AUX
cpe-3873	38	21	dominated	dominate	VERB
cpe-3873	38	22	by	by	ADP
cpe-3873	38	23	the	the	DET
cpe-3873	38	24	“	"	PUNCT
cpe-3873	38	25	mantra	mantra	NOUN
cpe-3873	38	26	”	"	PUNCT
cpe-3873	38	27	that	that	SCONJ
cpe-3873	38	28	“	"	PUNCT
cpe-3873	38	29	corre­	corre­	PROPN
cpe-3873	38	30	lation	lation	NOUN
cpe-3873	38	31	is	be	AUX
cpe-3873	38	32	not	not	PART
cpe-3873	38	33	causation	causation	NOUN
cpe-3873	38	34	”	"	PUNCT
cpe-3873	38	35	(	(	PUNCT
cpe-3873	38	36	pearl	pearl	NOUN
cpe-3873	38	37	&	&	CCONJ
cpe-3873	38	38	mackenzie	mackenzie	NOUN
cpe-3873	38	39	,	,	PUNCT
cpe-3873	38	40	2018	2018	NUM
cpe-3873	38	41	,	,	PUNCT
cpe-3873	38	42	back	back	ADV
cpe-3873	38	43	of	of	ADP
cpe-3873	38	44	the	the	DET
cpe-3873	38	45	book	book	NOUN
cpe-3873	38	46	)	)	PUNCT
cpe-3873	38	47	.	.	PUNCT
cpe-3873	39	1	for	for	ADP
cpe-3873	39	2	a	a	DET
cpe-3873	39	3	historical	historical	ADJ
cpe-3873	39	4	account	account	NOUN
cpe-3873	39	5	on	on	ADP
cpe-3873	39	6	how	how	SCONJ
cpe-3873	39	7	this	this	DET
cpe-3873	39	8	stance	stance	NOUN
cpe-3873	39	9	has	have	AUX
cpe-3873	39	10	emerged	emerge	VERB
cpe-3873	39	11	through	through	ADP
cpe-3873	39	12	the	the	DET
cpe-3873	39	13	statistical	statistical	ADJ
cpe-3873	39	14	pioneer	pioneer	NOUN
cpe-3873	39	15	karl	karl	PROPN
cpe-3873	39	16	pearson	pearson	PROPN
cpe-3873	39	17	,	,	PUNCT
cpe-3873	39	18	who	who	PRON
cpe-3873	39	19	had	have	AUX
cpe-3873	39	20	considered	consider	VERB
cpe-3873	39	21	causality	causality	NOUN
cpe-3873	39	22	to	to	PART
cpe-3873	39	23	equal	equal	VERB
cpe-3873	39	24	perfect	perfect	ADJ
cpe-3873	39	25	(	(	PUNCT
cpe-3873	39	26	deterministic	deterministic	ADJ
cpe-3873	39	27	)	)	PUNCT
cpe-3873	39	28	correlation	correlation	NOUN
cpe-3873	39	29	,	,	PUNCT
cpe-3873	39	30	see	see	VERB
cpe-3873	39	31	pearl	pearl	NOUN
cpe-3873	39	32	and	and	CCONJ
cpe-3873	39	33	mackenzie	mackenzie	NOUN
cpe-3873	39	34	(	(	PUNCT
cpe-3873	39	35	2018	2018	NUM
cpe-3873	39	36	)	)	PUNCT
cpe-3873	39	37	.	.	PUNCT
cpe-3873	40	1	aim	aim	NOUN
cpe-3873	40	2	of	of	ADP
cpe-3873	40	3	this	this	DET
cpe-3873	40	4	paper	paper	NOUN
cpe-3873	40	5	some	some	DET
cpe-3873	40	6	papers	paper	NOUN
cpe-3873	40	7	have	have	AUX
cpe-3873	40	8	already	already	ADV
cpe-3873	40	9	introduced	introduce	VERB
cpe-3873	40	10	tools	tool	NOUN
cpe-3873	40	11	from	from	ADP
cpe-3873	40	12	the	the	DET
cpe-3873	40	13	new	new	ADJ
cpe-3873	40	14	methodical	methodical	ADJ
cpe-3873	40	15	box	box	PROPN
cpe-3873	40	16	in	in	ADP
cpe-3873	40	17	(	(	PUNCT
cpe-3873	40	18	clinical	clinical	ADJ
cpe-3873	40	19	)	)	PUNCT
cpe-3873	40	20	psychology	psychology	NOUN
cpe-3873	40	21	and	and	CCONJ
cpe-3873	40	22	summarized	summarize	VERB
cpe-3873	40	23	the	the	DET
cpe-3873	40	24	meanwhile	meanwhile	ADV
cpe-3873	40	25	vast	vast	ADJ
cpe-3873	40	26	literature	literature	NOUN
cpe-3873	40	27	on	on	ADP
cpe-3873	40	28	them	they	PRON
cpe-3873	40	29	(	(	PUNCT
cpe-3873	40	30	dablander	dablander	NOUN
cpe-3873	40	31	,	,	PUNCT
cpe-3873	40	32	2020	2020	NUM
cpe-3873	40	33	;	;	PUNCT
cpe-3873	40	34	marinescu	marinescu	PROPN
cpe-3873	40	35	,	,	PUNCT
cpe-3873	40	36	lawlor	lawlor	PROPN
cpe-3873	40	37	,	,	PUNCT
cpe-3873	40	38	&	&	CCONJ
cpe-3873	40	39	kording	kording	NOUN
cpe-3873	40	40	,	,	PUNCT
cpe-3873	40	41	2018	2018	NUM
cpe-3873	40	42	)	)	PUNCT
cpe-3873	40	43	.	.	PUNCT
cpe-3873	41	1	however	however	ADV
cpe-3873	41	2	,	,	PUNCT
cpe-3873	41	3	these	these	PRON
cpe-3873	41	4	have	have	AUX
cpe-3873	41	5	mainly	mainly	ADV
cpe-3873	41	6	focussed	focusse	VERB
cpe-3873	41	7	on	on	ADP
cpe-3873	41	8	quanti­	quanti­	PROPN
cpe-3873	41	9	tative	tative	ADJ
cpe-3873	41	10	approaches	approach	NOUN
cpe-3873	41	11	in	in	ADP
cpe-3873	41	12	a	a	DET
cpe-3873	41	13	discipline	discipline	NOUN
cpe-3873	41	14	where	where	SCONJ
cpe-3873	41	15	methodical	methodical	ADJ
cpe-3873	41	16	causal	causal	ADJ
cpe-3873	41	17	thinking	thinking	NOUN
cpe-3873	41	18	is	be	AUX
cpe-3873	41	19	new	new	ADJ
cpe-3873	41	20	and	and	CCONJ
cpe-3873	41	21	,	,	PUNCT
cpe-3873	41	22	thus	thus	ADV
cpe-3873	41	23	,	,	PUNCT
cpe-3873	41	24	requires	require	VERB
cpe-3873	41	25	qualitative	qualitative	ADJ
cpe-3873	41	26	guidance	guidance	NOUN
cpe-3873	41	27	beforehand	beforehand	ADV
cpe-3873	41	28	.	.	PUNCT
cpe-3873	42	1	one	one	NUM
cpe-3873	42	2	such	such	ADJ
cpe-3873	42	3	instance	instance	NOUN
cpe-3873	42	4	is	be	AUX
cpe-3873	42	5	that	that	SCONJ
cpe-3873	42	6	psychology	psychology	NOUN
cpe-3873	42	7	needs	need	VERB
cpe-3873	42	8	not	not	PART
cpe-3873	42	9	only	only	ADV
cpe-3873	42	10	to	to	PART
cpe-3873	42	11	overcome	overcome	VERB
cpe-3873	42	12	“	"	PUNCT
cpe-3873	42	13	retreating	retreat	VERB
cpe-3873	42	14	into	into	ADP
cpe-3873	42	15	the	the	DET
cpe-3873	42	16	associational	associational	ADJ
cpe-3873	42	17	haven	haven	NOUN
cpe-3873	42	18	”	"	PUNCT
cpe-3873	42	19	(	(	PUNCT
cpe-3873	42	20	hernán	hernán	NOUN
cpe-3873	42	21	,	,	PUNCT
cpe-3873	42	22	2005	2005	NUM
cpe-3873	42	23	)	)	PUNCT
cpe-3873	42	24	,	,	PUNCT
cpe-3873	42	25	but	but	CCONJ
cpe-3873	42	26	also	also	ADV
cpe-3873	42	27	im­	im­	ADJ
cpe-3873	42	28	munization	munization	NOUN
cpe-3873	42	29	against	against	ADP
cpe-3873	42	30	overconfidence	overconfidence	NOUN
cpe-3873	42	31	(	(	PUNCT
cpe-3873	42	32	greenland	greenland	NOUN
cpe-3873	42	33	,	,	PUNCT
cpe-3873	42	34	2012	2012	NUM
cpe-3873	42	35	)	)	PUNCT
cpe-3873	42	36	in	in	ADP
cpe-3873	42	37	novel	novel	ADJ
cpe-3873	42	38	methods	method	NOUN
cpe-3873	42	39	.	.	PUNCT
cpe-3873	43	1	overconfidence	overconfidence	NOUN
cpe-3873	43	2	mainly	mainly	ADV
cpe-3873	43	3	concerns	concern	VERB
cpe-3873	43	4	the	the	DET
cpe-3873	43	5	quantitative	quantitative	ADJ
cpe-3873	43	6	and	and	CCONJ
cpe-3873	43	7	highly	highly	ADV
cpe-3873	43	8	formal	formal	ADJ
cpe-3873	43	9	methods	method	NOUN
cpe-3873	43	10	,	,	PUNCT
cpe-3873	43	11	because	because	SCONJ
cpe-3873	43	12	the	the	DET
cpe-3873	43	13	mathematical	mathematical	ADJ
cpe-3873	43	14	sophistication	sophistication	NOUN
cpe-3873	43	15	in	in	ADP
cpe-3873	43	16	these	these	PRON
cpe-3873	43	17	easily	easily	ADV
cpe-3873	43	18	obstructs	obstruct	VERB
cpe-3873	43	19	the	the	DET
cpe-3873	43	20	sight	sight	NOUN
cpe-3873	43	21	for	for	ADP
cpe-3873	43	22	hidden	hide	VERB
cpe-3873	43	23	assumptions	assumption	NOUN
cpe-3873	43	24	and	and	CCONJ
cpe-3873	43	25	over	over	ADP
cpe-3873	43	26	-	-	PUNCT
cpe-3873	43	27	sim­	sim­	NOUN
cpe-3873	43	28	plification	plification	NOUN
cpe-3873	43	29	through	through	ADP
cpe-3873	43	30	translation	translation	NOUN
cpe-3873	43	31	into	into	ADP
cpe-3873	43	32	mathematics	mathematics	PROPN
cpe-3873	43	33	(	(	PUNCT
cpe-3873	43	34	greenland	greenland	PROPN
cpe-3873	43	35	,	,	PUNCT
cpe-3873	43	36	2012	2012	NUM
cpe-3873	43	37	,	,	PUNCT
cpe-3873	43	38	2017	2017	NUM
cpe-3873	43	39	;	;	PUNCT
cpe-3873	43	40	vanderweele	vanderweele	NOUN
cpe-3873	43	41	,	,	PUNCT
cpe-3873	43	42	2016	2016	NUM
cpe-3873	43	43	)	)	PUNCT
cpe-3873	43	44	.	.	PUNCT
cpe-3873	44	1	costs	cost	NOUN
cpe-3873	44	2	of	of	ADP
cpe-3873	44	3	using	use	VERB
cpe-3873	44	4	these	these	DET
cpe-3873	44	5	methods	method	NOUN
cpe-3873	44	6	also	also	ADV
cpe-3873	44	7	include	include	VERB
cpe-3873	44	8	learning	learn	VERB
cpe-3873	44	9	and	and	CCONJ
cpe-3873	44	10	conducting	conduct	VERB
cpe-3873	44	11	them	they	PRON
cpe-3873	44	12	(	(	PUNCT
cpe-3873	44	13	which	which	PRON
cpe-3873	44	14	is	be	AUX
cpe-3873	44	15	error	error	NOUN
cpe-3873	44	16	-	-	PUNCT
cpe-3873	44	17	prone	prone	ADJ
cpe-3873	44	18	)	)	PUNCT
cpe-3873	44	19	and	and	CCONJ
cpe-3873	44	20	the	the	DET
cpe-3873	44	21	further	further	ADJ
cpe-3873	44	22	degrees	degree	NOUN
cpe-3873	44	23	of	of	ADP
cpe-3873	44	24	freedom	freedom	NOUN
cpe-3873	44	25	in	in	ADP
cpe-3873	44	26	analysis	analysis	NOUN
cpe-3873	44	27	through	through	ADP
cpe-3873	44	28	their	their	PRON
cpe-3873	44	29	use	use	NOUN
cpe-3873	44	30	which	which	PRON
cpe-3873	44	31	promotes	promote	VERB
cpe-3873	44	32	p	p	X
cpe-3873	44	33	-	-	PUNCT
cpe-3873	44	34	hacking	hack	VERB
cpe-3873	44	35	.	.	PUNCT
cpe-3873	45	1	we	we	PRON
cpe-3873	45	2	argue	argue	VERB
cpe-3873	45	3	that	that	SCONJ
cpe-3873	45	4	qualitative	qualitative	ADJ
cpe-3873	45	5	approaches	approach	NOUN
cpe-3873	45	6	as	as	SCONJ
cpe-3873	45	7	exemplified	exemplify	VERB
cpe-3873	45	8	in	in	ADP
cpe-3873	45	9	this	this	DET
cpe-3873	45	10	article	article	NOUN
cpe-3873	45	11	are	be	AUX
cpe-3873	45	12	easier	easy	ADJ
cpe-3873	45	13	to	to	PART
cpe-3873	45	14	access	access	VERB
cpe-3873	45	15	and	and	CCONJ
cpe-3873	45	16	invite	invite	VERB
cpe-3873	45	17	more	more	ADJ
cpe-3873	45	18	debate	debate	NOUN
cpe-3873	45	19	and	and	CCONJ
cpe-3873	45	20	refinement	refinement	NOUN
cpe-3873	45	21	on	on	ADP
cpe-3873	45	22	them	they	PRON
cpe-3873	45	23	and	and	CCONJ
cpe-3873	45	24	should	should	AUX
cpe-3873	45	25	at	at	ADP
cpe-3873	45	26	least	least	ADJ
cpe-3873	45	27	inform	inform	VERB
cpe-3873	45	28	the	the	DET
cpe-3873	45	29	decision	decision	NOUN
cpe-3873	45	30	of	of	ADP
cpe-3873	45	31	using	use	VERB
cpe-3873	45	32	a	a	DET
cpe-3873	45	33	particular	particular	ADJ
cpe-3873	45	34	quantitative	quantitative	ADJ
cpe-3873	45	35	method	method	NOUN
cpe-3873	45	36	.	.	PUNCT
cpe-3873	46	1	we	we	PRON
cpe-3873	46	2	focus	focus	VERB
cpe-3873	46	3	on	on	ADP
cpe-3873	46	4	a	a	DET
cpe-3873	46	5	few	few	ADJ
cpe-3873	46	6	causal	causal	ADJ
cpe-3873	46	7	conceptions	conception	NOUN
cpe-3873	46	8	that	that	PRON
cpe-3873	46	9	we	we	PRON
cpe-3873	46	10	believe	believe	VERB
cpe-3873	46	11	are	be	AUX
cpe-3873	46	12	most	most	ADV
cpe-3873	46	13	illustrative	illustrative	ADJ
cpe-3873	46	14	for	for	ADP
cpe-3873	46	15	causal	causal	ADJ
cpe-3873	46	16	quests	quest	NOUN
cpe-3873	46	17	:	:	PUNCT
cpe-3873	46	18	the	the	DET
cpe-3873	46	19	above	above	ADJ
cpe-3873	46	20	basic	basic	ADJ
cpe-3873	46	21	höfler	höfler	NOUN
cpe-3873	46	22	,	,	PUNCT
cpe-3873	46	23	trautmann	trautmann	PROPN
cpe-3873	46	24	,	,	PUNCT
cpe-3873	46	25	&	&	CCONJ
cpe-3873	46	26	kanske	kanske	PROPN
cpe-3873	46	27	3	3	NUM
cpe-3873	46	28	clinical	clinical	ADJ
cpe-3873	46	29	psychology	psychology	NOUN
cpe-3873	46	30	in	in	ADP
cpe-3873	46	31	europe	europe	PROPN
cpe-3873	46	32	2021	2021	NUM
cpe-3873	46	33	,	,	PUNCT
cpe-3873	46	34	vol	vol	NOUN
cpe-3873	46	35	.	.	PUNCT
cpe-3873	46	36	3(2	3(2	NUM
cpe-3873	46	37	)	)	PUNCT
cpe-3873	46	38	,	,	PUNCT
cpe-3873	46	39	article	article	NOUN
cpe-3873	46	40	e3873	e3873	PRON
cpe-3873	46	41	https://doi.org/10.32872/cpe.3873	https://doi.org/10.32872/cpe.3873	VERB
cpe-3873	46	42	https://www.psychopen.eu/	https://www.psychopen.eu/	VERB
cpe-3873	46	43	confounding	confound	VERB
cpe-3873	46	44	relation	relation	NOUN
cpe-3873	46	45	(	(	PUNCT
cpe-3873	46	46	1	1	NUM
cpe-3873	46	47	)	)	PUNCT
cpe-3873	46	48	,	,	PUNCT
cpe-3873	46	49	counterfactuals	counterfactual	NOUN
cpe-3873	46	50	(	(	PUNCT
cpe-3873	46	51	2	2	NUM
cpe-3873	46	52	)	)	PUNCT
cpe-3873	46	53	,	,	PUNCT
cpe-3873	46	54	popular	popular	ADJ
cpe-3873	46	55	qualitative	qualitative	ADJ
cpe-3873	46	56	considerations	consideration	NOUN
cpe-3873	46	57	(	(	PUNCT
cpe-3873	46	58	3	3	NUM
cpe-3873	46	59	)	)	PUNCT
cpe-3873	46	60	and	and	CCONJ
cpe-3873	46	61	directed	direct	VERB
cpe-3873	46	62	acyclic	acyclic	ADJ
cpe-3873	46	63	graphs	graph	NOUN
cpe-3873	46	64	(	(	PUNCT
cpe-3873	46	65	dags	dag	NOUN
cpe-3873	46	66	)	)	PUNCT
cpe-3873	46	67	(	(	PUNCT
cpe-3873	46	68	4	4	NUM
cpe-3873	46	69	)	)	PUNCT
cpe-3873	46	70	.	.	PUNCT
cpe-3873	47	1	the	the	DET
cpe-3873	47	2	following	follow	VERB
cpe-3873	47	3	figure	figure	NOUN
cpe-3873	47	4	illustrates	illustrate	VERB
cpe-3873	47	5	the	the	DET
cpe-3873	47	6	scheme	scheme	NOUN
cpe-3873	47	7	by	by	ADP
cpe-3873	47	8	which	which	PRON
cpe-3873	47	9	we	we	PRON
cpe-3873	47	10	describe	describe	VERB
cpe-3873	47	11	how	how	SCONJ
cpe-3873	47	12	qualitative	qualitative	ADJ
cpe-3873	47	13	approaches	approach	NOUN
cpe-3873	47	14	may	may	AUX
cpe-3873	47	15	guide	guide	VERB
cpe-3873	47	16	a	a	DET
cpe-3873	47	17	causal	causal	ADJ
cpe-3873	47	18	quest	quest	NOUN
cpe-3873	47	19	.	.	PUNCT
cpe-3873	48	1	figure	figure	VERB
cpe-3873	48	2	1	1	NUM
cpe-3873	48	3	scheme	scheme	NOUN
cpe-3873	48	4	of	of	ADP
cpe-3873	48	5	qualitative	qualitative	ADJ
cpe-3873	48	6	approaches	approach	NOUN
cpe-3873	48	7	guiding	guide	VERB
cpe-3873	48	8	causal	causal	NOUN
cpe-3873	48	9	quests	quest	NOUN
cpe-3873	48	10	note	note	VERB
cpe-3873	48	11	.	.	PUNCT
cpe-3873	49	1	these	these	PRON
cpe-3873	49	2	might	might	AUX
cpe-3873	49	3	be	be	AUX
cpe-3873	49	4	sufficient	sufficient	ADJ
cpe-3873	49	5	for	for	ADP
cpe-3873	49	6	overall	overall	ADJ
cpe-3873	49	7	causal	causal	ADJ
cpe-3873	49	8	answers	answer	NOUN
cpe-3873	49	9	,	,	PUNCT
cpe-3873	49	10	give	give	VERB
cpe-3873	49	11	rise	rise	NOUN
cpe-3873	49	12	to	to	ADP
cpe-3873	49	13	designing	design	VERB
cpe-3873	49	14	a	a	DET
cpe-3873	49	15	new	new	ADJ
cpe-3873	49	16	study	study	NOUN
cpe-3873	49	17	and/or	and/or	CCONJ
cpe-3873	49	18	quantitative	quantitative	ADJ
cpe-3873	49	19	analysis	analysis	NOUN
cpe-3873	49	20	,	,	PUNCT
cpe-3873	49	21	or	or	CCONJ
cpe-3873	49	22	suggest	suggest	VERB
cpe-3873	49	23	that	that	SCONJ
cpe-3873	49	24	such	such	ADJ
cpe-3873	49	25	analysis	analysis	NOUN
cpe-3873	49	26	is	be	AUX
cpe-3873	49	27	premature	premature	ADJ
cpe-3873	49	28	.	.	PUNCT
cpe-3873	50	1	the	the	DET
cpe-3873	50	2	basic	basic	ADJ
cpe-3873	50	3	bias	bias	NOUN
cpe-3873	50	4	relation	relation	NOUN
cpe-3873	50	5	,	,	PUNCT
cpe-3873	50	6	counterfactuals	counterfactual	NOUN
cpe-3873	50	7	and	and	CCONJ
cpe-3873	50	8	dags	dag	NOUN
cpe-3873	50	9	belong	belong	VERB
cpe-3873	50	10	to	to	ADP
cpe-3873	50	11	the	the	DET
cpe-3873	50	12	new	new	ADJ
cpe-3873	50	13	toolbox	toolbox	NOUN
cpe-3873	50	14	of	of	ADP
cpe-3873	50	15	causal	causal	ADJ
cpe-3873	50	16	methods	method	NOUN
cpe-3873	50	17	.	.	PUNCT
cpe-3873	51	1	qualitative	qualitative	ADJ
cpe-3873	51	2	approaches	approach	VERB
cpe-3873	51	3	gender	gender	NOUN
cpe-3873	51	4	effects	effect	NOUN
cpe-3873	51	5	and	and	CCONJ
cpe-3873	51	6	the	the	DET
cpe-3873	51	7	basic	basic	ADJ
cpe-3873	51	8	bias	bias	NOUN
cpe-3873	51	9	relation	relation	NOUN
cpe-3873	51	10	the	the	DET
cpe-3873	51	11	effects	effect	NOUN
cpe-3873	51	12	of	of	ADP
cpe-3873	51	13	gender	gender	NOUN
cpe-3873	51	14	(	(	PUNCT
cpe-3873	51	15	biological	biological	ADJ
cpe-3873	51	16	sex	sex	NOUN
cpe-3873	51	17	)	)	PUNCT
cpe-3873	51	18	may	may	AUX
cpe-3873	51	19	play	play	VERB
cpe-3873	51	20	an	an	DET
cpe-3873	51	21	important	important	ADJ
cpe-3873	51	22	role	role	NOUN
cpe-3873	51	23	for	for	ADP
cpe-3873	51	24	the	the	DET
cpe-3873	51	25	development	development	NOUN
cpe-3873	51	26	and	and	CCONJ
cpe-3873	51	27	maintenance	maintenance	NOUN
cpe-3873	51	28	of	of	ADP
cpe-3873	51	29	mental	mental	ADJ
cpe-3873	51	30	disorders	disorder	NOUN
cpe-3873	51	31	.	.	PUNCT
cpe-3873	52	1	if	if	SCONJ
cpe-3873	52	2	they	they	PRON
cpe-3873	52	3	exist	exist	VERB
cpe-3873	52	4	to	to	ADP
cpe-3873	52	5	considerable	considerable	ADJ
cpe-3873	52	6	extent	extent	NOUN
cpe-3873	52	7	,	,	PUNCT
cpe-3873	52	8	they	they	PRON
cpe-3873	52	9	contribute	contribute	VERB
cpe-3873	52	10	to	to	ADP
cpe-3873	52	11	explaining	explain	VERB
cpe-3873	52	12	the	the	DET
cpe-3873	52	13	different	different	ADJ
cpe-3873	52	14	aetiology	aetiology	NOUN
cpe-3873	52	15	of	of	ADP
cpe-3873	52	16	disorders	disorder	NOUN
cpe-3873	52	17	that	that	PRON
cpe-3873	52	18	are	be	AUX
cpe-3873	52	19	more	more	ADV
cpe-3873	52	20	prevalent	prevalent	ADJ
cpe-3873	52	21	in	in	ADP
cpe-3873	52	22	females	female	NOUN
cpe-3873	52	23	(	(	PUNCT
cpe-3873	52	24	e.g.	e.g.	ADV
cpe-3873	52	25	,	,	PUNCT
cpe-3873	52	26	internalizing	internalize	VERB
cpe-3873	52	27	disorders	disorder	NOUN
cpe-3873	52	28	such	such	ADJ
cpe-3873	52	29	as	as	ADP
cpe-3873	52	30	depression	depression	NOUN
cpe-3873	52	31	)	)	PUNCT
cpe-3873	52	32	and	and	CCONJ
cpe-3873	52	33	males	male	NOUN
cpe-3873	52	34	(	(	PUNCT
cpe-3873	52	35	e.g.	e.g.	ADV
cpe-3873	52	36	,	,	PUNCT
cpe-3873	52	37	externalizing	externalize	VERB
cpe-3873	52	38	disorders	disorder	NOUN
cpe-3873	52	39	such	such	ADJ
cpe-3873	52	40	as	as	ADP
cpe-3873	52	41	substance	substance	NOUN
cpe-3873	52	42	use	use	NOUN
cpe-3873	52	43	disorders	disorder	NOUN
cpe-3873	52	44	)	)	PUNCT
cpe-3873	52	45	.	.	PUNCT
cpe-3873	53	1	this	this	PRON
cpe-3873	53	2	is	be	AUX
cpe-3873	53	3	because	because	SCONJ
cpe-3873	53	4	gender	gender	NOUN
cpe-3873	53	5	may	may	AUX
cpe-3873	53	6	also	also	ADV
cpe-3873	53	7	affect	affect	VERB
cpe-3873	53	8	many	many	ADJ
cpe-3873	53	9	putative	putative	ADJ
cpe-3873	53	10	aetiological	aetiological	ADJ
cpe-3873	53	11	factors	factor	NOUN
cpe-3873	53	12	(	(	PUNCT
cpe-3873	53	13	e.g.	e.g.	ADV
cpe-3873	53	14	,	,	PUNCT
cpe-3873	53	15	response	response	NOUN
cpe-3873	53	16	styles	style	NOUN
cpe-3873	53	17	such	such	ADJ
cpe-3873	53	18	as	as	ADP
cpe-3873	53	19	rumination	rumination	NOUN
cpe-3873	53	20	;	;	PUNCT
cpe-3873	53	21	johnson	johnson	PROPN
cpe-3873	53	22	&	&	CCONJ
cpe-3873	53	23	whisman	whisman	PROPN
cpe-3873	53	24	,	,	PUNCT
cpe-3873	53	25	2013	2013	NUM
cpe-3873	53	26	;	;	PUNCT
cpe-3873	54	1	which	which	PRON
cpe-3873	54	2	,	,	PUNCT
cpe-3873	54	3	in	in	ADP
cpe-3873	54	4	turn	turn	NOUN
cpe-3873	54	5	,	,	PUNCT
cpe-3873	54	6	may	may	AUX
cpe-3873	54	7	influence	influence	VERB
cpe-3873	54	8	the	the	DET
cpe-3873	54	9	onset	onset	NOUN
cpe-3873	54	10	of	of	ADP
cpe-3873	54	11	disorders	disorder	NOUN
cpe-3873	54	12	;	;	PUNCT
cpe-3873	54	13	emsley	emsley	PROPN
cpe-3873	54	14	&	&	CCONJ
cpe-3873	54	15	dunn	dunn	PROPN
cpe-3873	54	16	,	,	PUNCT
cpe-3873	54	17	2012	2012	NUM
cpe-3873	54	18	)	)	PUNCT
cpe-3873	54	19	.	.	PUNCT
cpe-3873	55	1	qualitative	qualitative	ADJ
cpe-3873	55	2	approximations	approximation	NOUN
cpe-3873	55	3	to	to	ADP
cpe-3873	55	4	causality	causality	NOUN
cpe-3873	55	5	4	4	NUM
cpe-3873	55	6	clinical	clinical	ADJ
cpe-3873	55	7	psychology	psychology	NOUN
cpe-3873	55	8	in	in	ADP
cpe-3873	55	9	europe	europe	PROPN
cpe-3873	55	10	2021	2021	NUM
cpe-3873	55	11	,	,	PUNCT
cpe-3873	55	12	vol	vol	NOUN
cpe-3873	55	13	.	.	PUNCT
cpe-3873	55	14	3(2	3(2	NUM
cpe-3873	55	15	)	)	PUNCT
cpe-3873	55	16	,	,	PUNCT
cpe-3873	55	17	article	article	NOUN
cpe-3873	55	18	e3873	e3873	PRON
cpe-3873	55	19	https://doi.org/10.32872/cpe.3873	https://doi.org/10.32872/cpe.3873	VERB
cpe-3873	55	20	https://www.psychopen.eu/	https://www.psychopen.eu/	VERB
cpe-3873	55	21	but	but	CCONJ
cpe-3873	55	22	is	be	AUX
cpe-3873	55	23	the	the	DET
cpe-3873	55	24	causal	causal	ADJ
cpe-3873	55	25	wording	wording	NOUN
cpe-3873	55	26	“	"	PUNCT
cpe-3873	55	27	effect	effect	NOUN
cpe-3873	55	28	”	"	PUNCT
cpe-3873	55	29	warranted	warrant	VERB
cpe-3873	55	30	here	here	ADV
cpe-3873	55	31	?	?	PUNCT
cpe-3873	56	1	with	with	ADP
cpe-3873	56	2	the	the	DET
cpe-3873	56	3	basic	basic	ADJ
cpe-3873	56	4	bias	bias	NOUN
cpe-3873	56	5	relation	relation	NOUN
cpe-3873	56	6	,	,	PUNCT
cpe-3873	56	7	we	we	PRON
cpe-3873	56	8	are	be	AUX
cpe-3873	56	9	equipped	equip	VERB
cpe-3873	56	10	to	to	PART
cpe-3873	56	11	ask	ask	VERB
cpe-3873	56	12	:	:	PUNCT
cpe-3873	56	13	are	be	AUX
cpe-3873	56	14	there	there	ADV
cpe-3873	56	15	shared	share	VERB
cpe-3873	56	16	causes	cause	NOUN
cpe-3873	56	17	of	of	ADP
cpe-3873	56	18	gender	gender	NOUN
cpe-3873	56	19	and	and	CCONJ
cpe-3873	56	20	a	a	DET
cpe-3873	56	21	disorder	disorder	NOUN
cpe-3873	56	22	y	y	NOUN
cpe-3873	56	23	?	?	PUNCT
cpe-3873	57	1	if	if	SCONJ
cpe-3873	57	2	it	it	PRON
cpe-3873	57	3	holds	hold	VERB
cpe-3873	57	4	true	true	ADJ
cpe-3873	57	5	that	that	SCONJ
cpe-3873	57	6	gender	gender	NOUN
cpe-3873	57	7	is	be	AUX
cpe-3873	57	8	largely	largely	ADV
cpe-3873	57	9	random	random	ADJ
cpe-3873	57	10	in	in	ADP
cpe-3873	57	11	the	the	DET
cpe-3873	57	12	sense	sense	NOUN
cpe-3873	57	13	that	that	SCONJ
cpe-3873	57	14	it	it	PRON
cpe-3873	57	15	depends	depend	VERB
cpe-3873	57	16	only	only	ADV
cpe-3873	57	17	on	on	ADP
cpe-3873	57	18	factors	factor	NOUN
cpe-3873	57	19	that	that	PRON
cpe-3873	57	20	do	do	AUX
cpe-3873	57	21	not	not	PART
cpe-3873	57	22	also	also	ADV
cpe-3873	57	23	affect	affect	VERB
cpe-3873	57	24	the	the	DET
cpe-3873	57	25	disorder	disorder	NOUN
cpe-3873	57	26	(	(	PUNCT
cpe-3873	57	27	scarpa	scarpa	NOUN
cpe-3873	57	28	,	,	PUNCT
cpe-3873	57	29	2016	2016	NUM
cpe-3873	57	30	,	,	PUNCT
cpe-3873	57	31	and	and	CCONJ
cpe-3873	57	32	references	reference	NOUN
cpe-3873	57	33	therein	therein	ADV
cpe-3873	57	34	)	)	PUNCT
cpe-3873	57	35	,	,	PUNCT
cpe-3873	57	36	then	then	ADV
cpe-3873	57	37	no	no	DET
cpe-3873	57	38	confounding	confound	VERB
cpe-3873	57	39	bias	bias	NOUN
cpe-3873	57	40	is	be	AUX
cpe-3873	57	41	expected	expect	VERB
cpe-3873	57	42	.	.	PUNCT
cpe-3873	58	1	if	if	SCONJ
cpe-3873	58	2	such	such	ADJ
cpe-3873	58	3	factors	factor	NOUN
cpe-3873	58	4	exist	exist	VERB
cpe-3873	58	5	(	(	PUNCT
cpe-3873	58	6	e.g.	e.g.	ADV
cpe-3873	58	7	,	,	PUNCT
cpe-3873	58	8	environmental	environmental	ADJ
cpe-3873	58	9	pollution	pollution	NOUN
cpe-3873	58	10	;	;	PUNCT
cpe-3873	58	11	astolfi	astolfi	PROPN
cpe-3873	58	12	&	&	CCONJ
cpe-3873	58	13	zonta	zonta	PROPN
cpe-3873	58	14	,	,	PUNCT
cpe-3873	58	15	1999	1999	NUM
cpe-3873	58	16	)	)	PUNCT
cpe-3873	58	17	but	but	CCONJ
cpe-3873	58	18	affect	affect	VERB
cpe-3873	58	19	y	y	PRON
cpe-3873	58	20	only	only	ADV
cpe-3873	58	21	weakly	weakly	ADV
cpe-3873	58	22	,	,	PUNCT
cpe-3873	58	23	they	they	PRON
cpe-3873	58	24	may	may	AUX
cpe-3873	58	25	be	be	AUX
cpe-3873	58	26	neglected	neglect	VERB
cpe-3873	58	27	since	since	SCONJ
cpe-3873	58	28	the	the	DET
cpe-3873	58	29	bias	bias	NOUN
cpe-3873	58	30	through	through	ADP
cpe-3873	58	31	them	they	PRON
cpe-3873	58	32	should	should	AUX
cpe-3873	58	33	be	be	AUX
cpe-3873	58	34	small	small	ADJ
cpe-3873	58	35	.	.	PUNCT
cpe-3873	59	1	if	if	SCONJ
cpe-3873	59	2	bias	bias	NOUN
cpe-3873	59	3	from	from	ADP
cpe-3873	59	4	other	other	ADJ
cpe-3873	59	5	sources	source	NOUN
cpe-3873	59	6	is	be	AUX
cpe-3873	59	7	also	also	ADV
cpe-3873	59	8	negligible	negligible	ADJ
cpe-3873	59	9	like	like	ADP
cpe-3873	59	10	selection	selection	NOUN
cpe-3873	59	11	and	and	CCONJ
cpe-3873	59	12	measurement	measurement	NOUN
cpe-3873	59	13	,	,	PUNCT
cpe-3873	59	14	a	a	DET
cpe-3873	59	15	causal	causal	ADJ
cpe-3873	59	16	conclusion	conclusion	NOUN
cpe-3873	59	17	seems	seem	VERB
cpe-3873	59	18	informed	inform	VERB
cpe-3873	59	19	.	.	PUNCT
cpe-3873	60	1	upward	upward	ADJ
cpe-3873	60	2	bias	bias	NOUN
cpe-3873	60	3	through	through	ADP
cpe-3873	60	4	confounders	confounder	NOUN
cpe-3873	60	5	that	that	PRON
cpe-3873	60	6	affect	affect	VERB
cpe-3873	60	7	x	x	PUNCT
cpe-3873	60	8	and	and	CCONJ
cpe-3873	60	9	y	y	PROPN
cpe-3873	60	10	with	with	ADP
cpe-3873	60	11	the	the	DET
cpe-3873	60	12	same	same	ADJ
cpe-3873	60	13	sign	sign	NOUN
cpe-3873	60	14	in	in	ADP
cpe-3873	60	15	the	the	DET
cpe-3873	60	16	presence	presence	NOUN
cpe-3873	60	17	of	of	ADP
cpe-3873	60	18	reliable	reliable	ADJ
cpe-3873	60	19	associational	associational	ADJ
cpe-3873	60	20	results	result	NOUN
cpe-3873	60	21	,	,	PUNCT
cpe-3873	60	22	the	the	DET
cpe-3873	60	23	basic	basic	ADJ
cpe-3873	60	24	bias	bias	NOUN
cpe-3873	60	25	relation	relation	NOUN
cpe-3873	60	26	can	can	AUX
cpe-3873	60	27	be	be	AUX
cpe-3873	60	28	applied	apply	VERB
cpe-3873	60	29	well	well	ADV
cpe-3873	60	30	beyond	beyond	ADP
cpe-3873	60	31	gender	gender	NOUN
cpe-3873	60	32	effects	effect	NOUN
cpe-3873	60	33	.	.	PUNCT
cpe-3873	61	1	if	if	SCONJ
cpe-3873	61	2	there	there	PRON
cpe-3873	61	3	is	be	VERB
cpe-3873	61	4	at	at	ADP
cpe-3873	61	5	most	most	ADJ
cpe-3873	61	6	a	a	DET
cpe-3873	61	7	weak	weak	ADJ
cpe-3873	61	8	association	association	NOUN
cpe-3873	61	9	between	between	ADP
cpe-3873	61	10	an	an	DET
cpe-3873	61	11	x	x	X
cpe-3873	61	12	and	and	CCONJ
cpe-3873	61	13	a	a	DET
cpe-3873	61	14	y	y	NOUN
cpe-3873	61	15	,	,	PUNCT
cpe-3873	61	16	and	and	CCONJ
cpe-3873	61	17	assuming	assume	VERB
cpe-3873	61	18	that	that	SCONJ
cpe-3873	61	19	the	the	DET
cpe-3873	61	20	common	common	ADJ
cpe-3873	61	21	causes	cause	NOUN
cpe-3873	61	22	of	of	ADP
cpe-3873	61	23	x	x	PUNCT
cpe-3873	61	24	and	and	CCONJ
cpe-3873	61	25	y	y	PROPN
cpe-3873	61	26	affect	affect	VERB
cpe-3873	61	27	both	both	PRON
cpe-3873	61	28	positively	positively	ADV
cpe-3873	61	29	or	or	CCONJ
cpe-3873	61	30	both	both	CCONJ
cpe-3873	61	31	negatively	negatively	ADV
cpe-3873	61	32	(	(	PUNCT
cpe-3873	61	33	and	and	CCONJ
cpe-3873	61	34	are	be	AUX
cpe-3873	61	35	unrelated	unrelated	ADJ
cpe-3873	61	36	or	or	CCONJ
cpe-3873	61	37	positively	positively	ADV
cpe-3873	61	38	inter	inter	ADJ
cpe-3873	61	39	-	-	VERB
cpe-3873	61	40	related	related	ADJ
cpe-3873	61	41	)	)	PUNCT
cpe-3873	61	42	,	,	PUNCT
cpe-3873	61	43	bias	bias	NOUN
cpe-3873	61	44	should	should	AUX
cpe-3873	61	45	be	be	AUX
cpe-3873	61	46	upward	upward	ADJ
cpe-3873	61	47	.	.	PUNCT
cpe-3873	62	1	hence	hence	ADV
cpe-3873	62	2	,	,	PUNCT
cpe-3873	62	3	the	the	DET
cpe-3873	62	4	effect	effect	NOUN
cpe-3873	62	5	of	of	ADP
cpe-3873	62	6	x	x	PUNCT
cpe-3873	62	7	on	on	ADP
cpe-3873	62	8	y	y	PROPN
cpe-3873	62	9	should	should	AUX
cpe-3873	62	10	be	be	AUX
cpe-3873	62	11	smaller	small	ADJ
cpe-3873	62	12	than	than	ADP
cpe-3873	62	13	the	the	DET
cpe-3873	62	14	association	association	NOUN
cpe-3873	62	15	and	and	CCONJ
cpe-3873	62	16	,	,	PUNCT
cpe-3873	62	17	thus	thus	ADV
cpe-3873	62	18	,	,	PUNCT
cpe-3873	62	19	be	be	AUX
cpe-3873	62	20	absolutely	absolutely	ADV
cpe-3873	62	21	small	small	ADJ
cpe-3873	62	22	(	(	PUNCT
cpe-3873	62	23	and	and	CCONJ
cpe-3873	62	24	probably	probably	ADV
cpe-3873	62	25	negligible	negligible	ADJ
cpe-3873	62	26	)	)	PUNCT
cpe-3873	62	27	.	.	PUNCT
cpe-3873	63	1	for	for	ADP
cpe-3873	63	2	example	example	NOUN
cpe-3873	63	3	,	,	PUNCT
cpe-3873	63	4	the	the	DET
cpe-3873	63	5	relatively	relatively	ADV
cpe-3873	63	6	weak	weak	ADJ
cpe-3873	63	7	and	and	CCONJ
cpe-3873	63	8	often	often	ADV
cpe-3873	63	9	inconsistently	inconsistently	ADV
cpe-3873	63	10	reported	report	VERB
cpe-3873	63	11	association	association	NOUN
cpe-3873	63	12	between	between	ADP
cpe-3873	63	13	anxiety	anxiety	NOUN
cpe-3873	63	14	and	and	CCONJ
cpe-3873	63	15	alcohol	alcohol	NOUN
cpe-3873	63	16	use	use	NOUN
cpe-3873	63	17	might	might	AUX
cpe-3873	63	18	be	be	AUX
cpe-3873	63	19	explained	explain	VERB
cpe-3873	63	20	by	by	ADP
cpe-3873	63	21	genetic	genetic	ADJ
cpe-3873	63	22	and	and	CCONJ
cpe-3873	63	23	personality	personality	NOUN
cpe-3873	63	24	factors	factor	NOUN
cpe-3873	63	25	increasing	increase	VERB
cpe-3873	63	26	the	the	DET
cpe-3873	63	27	risk	risk	NOUN
cpe-3873	63	28	for	for	ADP
cpe-3873	63	29	both	both	DET
cpe-3873	63	30	(	(	PUNCT
cpe-3873	63	31	schmidt	schmidt	PROPN
cpe-3873	63	32	,	,	PUNCT
cpe-3873	63	33	buckner	buckner	PROPN
cpe-3873	63	34	,	,	PUNCT
cpe-3873	63	35	&	&	CCONJ
cpe-3873	63	36	keough	keough	PROPN
cpe-3873	63	37	,	,	PUNCT
cpe-3873	63	38	2007	2007	NUM
cpe-3873	63	39	)	)	PUNCT
cpe-3873	63	40	.	.	PUNCT
cpe-3873	64	1	such	such	ADJ
cpe-3873	64	2	risk	risk	NOUN
cpe-3873	64	3	increasing	increase	VERB
cpe-3873	64	4	may	may	AUX
cpe-3873	64	5	frequently	frequently	ADV
cpe-3873	64	6	apply	apply	VERB
cpe-3873	64	7	:	:	PUNCT
cpe-3873	64	8	psychopathology	psychopathology	NOUN
cpe-3873	64	9	in	in	ADP
cpe-3873	64	10	parents	parent	NOUN
cpe-3873	64	11	,	,	PUNCT
cpe-3873	64	12	genetic	genetic	ADJ
cpe-3873	64	13	factors	factor	NOUN
cpe-3873	64	14	,	,	PUNCT
cpe-3873	64	15	stable	stable	ADJ
cpe-3873	64	16	personality	personality	NOUN
cpe-3873	64	17	traits	trait	NOUN
cpe-3873	64	18	,	,	PUNCT
cpe-3873	64	19	stressful	stressful	ADJ
cpe-3873	64	20	life	life	NOUN
cpe-3873	64	21	events	event	NOUN
cpe-3873	64	22	and	and	CCONJ
cpe-3873	64	23	prior	prior	ADJ
cpe-3873	64	24	mental	mental	ADJ
cpe-3873	64	25	disorders	disorder	NOUN
cpe-3873	64	26	are	be	AUX
cpe-3873	64	27	factors	factor	NOUN
cpe-3873	64	28	that	that	PRON
cpe-3873	64	29	might	might	AUX
cpe-3873	64	30	all	all	PRON
cpe-3873	64	31	affect	affect	VERB
cpe-3873	64	32	disorders	disorder	NOUN
cpe-3873	64	33	positively	positively	ADV
cpe-3873	64	34	and	and	CCONJ
cpe-3873	64	35	be	be	AUX
cpe-3873	64	36	positively	positively	ADV
cpe-3873	64	37	inter	inter	ADJ
cpe-3873	64	38	-	-	VERB
cpe-3873	64	39	related	related	ADJ
cpe-3873	64	40	(	(	PUNCT
cpe-3873	64	41	uher	uher	NOUN
cpe-3873	64	42	&	&	CCONJ
cpe-3873	64	43	zwicker	zwicker	PROPN
cpe-3873	64	44	,	,	PUNCT
cpe-3873	64	45	2017	2017	NUM
cpe-3873	64	46	)	)	PUNCT
cpe-3873	64	47	.	.	PUNCT
cpe-3873	65	1	however	however	ADV
cpe-3873	65	2	,	,	PUNCT
cpe-3873	65	3	with	with	ADP
cpe-3873	65	4	a	a	DET
cpe-3873	65	5	larger	large	ADJ
cpe-3873	65	6	number	number	NOUN
cpe-3873	65	7	of	of	ADP
cpe-3873	65	8	shared	share	VERB
cpe-3873	65	9	factors	factor	NOUN
cpe-3873	65	10	,	,	PUNCT
cpe-3873	65	11	the	the	DET
cpe-3873	65	12	probability	probability	NOUN
cpe-3873	65	13	rises	rise	VERB
cpe-3873	65	14	that	that	PRON
cpe-3873	65	15	some	some	PRON
cpe-3873	65	16	have	have	VERB
cpe-3873	65	17	negative	negative	ADJ
cpe-3873	65	18	relations	relation	NOUN
cpe-3873	65	19	,	,	PUNCT
cpe-3873	65	20	but	but	CCONJ
cpe-3873	65	21	if	if	SCONJ
cpe-3873	65	22	these	these	PRON
cpe-3873	65	23	are	be	AUX
cpe-3873	65	24	few	few	ADJ
cpe-3873	65	25	and	and	CCONJ
cpe-3873	65	26	unlikely	unlikely	ADJ
cpe-3873	65	27	to	to	PART
cpe-3873	65	28	dominate	dominate	VERB
cpe-3873	65	29	bias	bias	NOUN
cpe-3873	65	30	(	(	PUNCT
cpe-3873	65	31	because	because	SCONJ
cpe-3873	65	32	their	their	PRON
cpe-3873	65	33	effects	effect	NOUN
cpe-3873	65	34	on	on	ADP
cpe-3873	65	35	x	x	PUNCT
cpe-3873	65	36	and	and	CCONJ
cpe-3873	65	37	y	y	PROPN
cpe-3873	65	38	are	be	AUX
cpe-3873	65	39	not	not	PART
cpe-3873	65	40	very	very	ADV
cpe-3873	65	41	large	large	ADJ
cpe-3873	65	42	as	as	SCONJ
cpe-3873	65	43	compared	compare	VERB
cpe-3873	65	44	to	to	ADP
cpe-3873	65	45	those	those	PRON
cpe-3873	65	46	of	of	ADP
cpe-3873	65	47	the	the	DET
cpe-3873	65	48	other	other	ADJ
cpe-3873	65	49	factors	factor	NOUN
cpe-3873	65	50	)	)	PUNCT
cpe-3873	65	51	,	,	PUNCT
cpe-3873	65	52	a	a	DET
cpe-3873	65	53	researcher	researcher	NOUN
cpe-3873	65	54	may	may	AUX
cpe-3873	65	55	still	still	ADV
cpe-3873	65	56	use	use	VERB
cpe-3873	65	57	the	the	DET
cpe-3873	65	58	consideration	consideration	NOUN
cpe-3873	65	59	.	.	PUNCT
cpe-3873	66	1	counterfactuals	counterfactual	NOUN
cpe-3873	66	2	and	and	CCONJ
cpe-3873	66	3	a	a	DET
cpe-3873	66	4	defendable	defendable	ADJ
cpe-3873	66	5	assumption	assumption	NOUN
cpe-3873	66	6	on	on	ADP
cpe-3873	66	7	them	they	PRON
cpe-3873	66	8	the	the	DET
cpe-3873	66	9	above	above	ADJ
cpe-3873	66	10	gender	gender	NOUN
cpe-3873	66	11	example	example	NOUN
cpe-3873	66	12	brings	bring	VERB
cpe-3873	66	13	up	up	ADP
cpe-3873	66	14	an	an	DET
cpe-3873	66	15	important	important	ADJ
cpe-3873	66	16	limitation	limitation	NOUN
cpe-3873	66	17	yet	yet	ADV
cpe-3873	66	18	in	in	ADP
cpe-3873	66	19	the	the	DET
cpe-3873	66	20	standard	standard	ADJ
cpe-3873	66	21	“	"	PUNCT
cpe-3873	66	22	coun­	coun­	X
cpe-3873	66	23	terfactual	terfactual	ADJ
cpe-3873	66	24	”	"	PUNCT
cpe-3873	66	25	definition	definition	NOUN
cpe-3873	66	26	of	of	ADP
cpe-3873	66	27	a	a	DET
cpe-3873	66	28	causal	causal	ADJ
cpe-3873	66	29	effect	effect	NOUN
cpe-3873	66	30	.	.	PUNCT
cpe-3873	67	1	biological	biological	ADJ
cpe-3873	67	2	sex	sex	NOUN
cpe-3873	67	3	can	can	AUX
cpe-3873	67	4	not	not	PART
cpe-3873	67	5	be	be	AUX
cpe-3873	67	6	entirely	entirely	ADV
cpe-3873	67	7	changed	change	VERB
cpe-3873	67	8	(	(	PUNCT
cpe-3873	67	9	beyond	beyond	ADP
cpe-3873	67	10	transsexual	transsexual	ADJ
cpe-3873	67	11	transformation	transformation	NOUN
cpe-3873	67	12	)	)	PUNCT
cpe-3873	67	13	or	or	CCONJ
cpe-3873	67	14	imagined	imagine	VERB
cpe-3873	67	15	to	to	PART
cpe-3873	67	16	be	be	AUX
cpe-3873	67	17	changed	change	VERB
cpe-3873	67	18	,	,	PUNCT
cpe-3873	67	19	but	but	CCONJ
cpe-3873	67	20	social	social	ADJ
cpe-3873	67	21	aspects	aspect	NOUN
cpe-3873	67	22	of	of	ADP
cpe-3873	67	23	gender	gender	NOUN
cpe-3873	67	24	can	can	AUX
cpe-3873	67	25	(	(	PUNCT
cpe-3873	67	26	glymour	glymour	VERB
cpe-3873	67	27	&	&	CCONJ
cpe-3873	67	28	glymour	glymour	NOUN
cpe-3873	67	29	,	,	PUNCT
cpe-3873	67	30	2014	2014	NUM
cpe-3873	67	31	)	)	PUNCT
cpe-3873	67	32	.	.	PUNCT
cpe-3873	68	1	imagining	imagine	VERB
cpe-3873	68	2	a	a	DET
cpe-3873	68	3	person	person	NOUN
cpe-3873	68	4	under	under	ADP
cpe-3873	68	5	an	an	DET
cpe-3873	68	6	alternative	alternative	NOUN
cpe-3873	68	7	x	x	NOUN
cpe-3873	68	8	condition	condition	NOUN
cpe-3873	68	9	is	be	AUX
cpe-3873	68	10	called	call	VERB
cpe-3873	68	11	counterfactual	counterfactual	ADJ
cpe-3873	68	12	and	and	CCONJ
cpe-3873	68	13	defines	define	VERB
cpe-3873	68	14	an	an	DET
cpe-3873	68	15	effect	effect	NOUN
cpe-3873	68	16	as	as	ADP
cpe-3873	68	17	the	the	DET
cpe-3873	68	18	amount	amount	NOUN
cpe-3873	68	19	of	of	ADP
cpe-3873	68	20	change	change	NOUN
cpe-3873	68	21	in	in	ADP
cpe-3873	68	22	y	y	PROPN
cpe-3873	68	23	if	if	SCONJ
cpe-3873	68	24	x	x	PRON
cpe-3873	68	25	is	be	AUX
cpe-3873	68	26	changed	change	VERB
cpe-3873	68	27	from	from	ADP
cpe-3873	68	28	one	one	NUM
cpe-3873	68	29	value	value	NOUN
cpe-3873	68	30	to	to	ADP
cpe-3873	68	31	another	another	PRON
cpe-3873	68	32	(	(	PUNCT
cpe-3873	68	33	if	if	SCONJ
cpe-3873	68	34	this	this	PRON
cpe-3873	68	35	equals	equal	VERB
cpe-3873	68	36	zero	zero	NUM
cpe-3873	68	37	,	,	PUNCT
cpe-3873	68	38	there	there	PRON
cpe-3873	68	39	is	be	VERB
cpe-3873	68	40	no	no	DET
cpe-3873	68	41	effect	effect	NOUN
cpe-3873	68	42	)	)	PUNCT
cpe-3873	68	43	.	.	PUNCT
cpe-3873	69	1	consider	consider	VERB
cpe-3873	69	2	the	the	DET
cpe-3873	69	3	putative	putative	ADJ
cpe-3873	69	4	effect	effect	NOUN
cpe-3873	69	5	of	of	ADP
cpe-3873	69	6	childhood	childhood	NOUN
cpe-3873	69	7	trauma	trauma	NOUN
cpe-3873	69	8	(	(	PUNCT
cpe-3873	69	9	ct	ct	NOUN
cpe-3873	69	10	)	)	PUNCT
cpe-3873	69	11	on	on	ADP
cpe-3873	69	12	depression	depression	NOUN
cpe-3873	69	13	(	(	PUNCT
cpe-3873	69	14	de	de	NOUN
cpe-3873	69	15	)	)	PUNCT
cpe-3873	69	16	.	.	PUNCT
cpe-3873	70	1	yet	yet	CCONJ
cpe-3873	70	2	the	the	DET
cpe-3873	70	3	idea	idea	NOUN
cpe-3873	70	4	of	of	ADP
cpe-3873	70	5	counterfactuals	counterfactual	NOUN
cpe-3873	70	6	points	point	VERB
cpe-3873	70	7	out	out	ADP
cpe-3873	70	8	that	that	SCONJ
cpe-3873	70	9	“	"	PUNCT
cpe-3873	70	10	the	the	DET
cpe-3873	70	11	effect	effect	NOUN
cpe-3873	70	12	”	"	PUNCT
cpe-3873	70	13	is	be	AUX
cpe-3873	70	14	imprecise	imprecise	ADV
cpe-3873	70	15	since	since	SCONJ
cpe-3873	70	16	there	there	PRON
cpe-3873	70	17	are	be	VERB
cpe-3873	70	18	actually	actually	ADV
cpe-3873	70	19	two	two	NUM
cpe-3873	70	20	counterfactuals	counterfactual	NOUN
cpe-3873	70	21	and	and	CCONJ
cpe-3873	70	22	associated	associated	ADJ
cpe-3873	70	23	effects	effect	NOUN
cpe-3873	70	24	:	:	PUNCT
cpe-3873	70	25	a	a	X
cpe-3873	70	26	)	)	PUNCT
cpe-3873	70	27	trauma	trauma	NOUN
cpe-3873	70	28	experience	experience	NOUN
cpe-3873	70	29	in	in	ADP
cpe-3873	70	30	individuals	individual	NOUN
cpe-3873	70	31	who	who	PRON
cpe-3873	70	32	actually	actually	ADV
cpe-3873	70	33	do	do	AUX
cpe-3873	70	34	not	not	PART
cpe-3873	70	35	experience	experience	VERB
cpe-3873	70	36	trauma	trauma	NOUN
cpe-3873	70	37	and	and	CCONJ
cpe-3873	70	38	b	b	X
cpe-3873	70	39	)	)	PUNCT
cpe-3873	70	40	trauma	trauma	NOUN
cpe-3873	70	41	recovery	recovery	NOUN
cpe-3873	70	42	in	in	ADP
cpe-3873	70	43	those	those	PRON
cpe-3873	70	44	who	who	PRON
cpe-3873	70	45	actually	actually	ADV
cpe-3873	70	46	had	have	AUX
cpe-3873	70	47	experienced	experience	VERB
cpe-3873	70	48	a	a	DET
cpe-3873	70	49	trauma	trauma	NOUN
cpe-3873	70	50	(	(	PUNCT
cpe-3873	70	51	but	but	CCONJ
cpe-3873	70	52	do	do	AUX
cpe-3873	70	53	not	not	PART
cpe-3873	70	54	recover	recover	VERB
cpe-3873	70	55	)	)	PUNCT
cpe-3873	70	56	.	.	PUNCT
cpe-3873	71	1	just	just	ADV
cpe-3873	71	2	referring	refer	VERB
cpe-3873	71	3	to	to	ADP
cpe-3873	71	4	höfler	höfler	NOUN
cpe-3873	71	5	,	,	PUNCT
cpe-3873	71	6	trautmann	trautmann	PROPN
cpe-3873	71	7	,	,	PUNCT
cpe-3873	71	8	&	&	CCONJ
cpe-3873	71	9	kanske	kanske	PROPN
cpe-3873	71	10	5	5	NUM
cpe-3873	71	11	clinical	clinical	ADJ
cpe-3873	71	12	psychology	psychology	NOUN
cpe-3873	71	13	in	in	ADP
cpe-3873	71	14	europe	europe	PROPN
cpe-3873	71	15	2021	2021	NUM
cpe-3873	71	16	,	,	PUNCT
cpe-3873	71	17	vol	vol	NOUN
cpe-3873	71	18	.	.	PUNCT
cpe-3873	71	19	3(2	3(2	NUM
cpe-3873	71	20	)	)	PUNCT
cpe-3873	71	21	,	,	PUNCT
cpe-3873	71	22	article	article	NOUN
cpe-3873	71	23	e3873	e3873	PRON
cpe-3873	71	24	https://doi.org/10.32872/cpe.3873	https://doi.org/10.32872/cpe.3873	VERB
cpe-3873	71	25	https://www.psychopen.eu/	https://www.psychopen.eu/	VERB
cpe-3873	71	26	“	"	PUNCT
cpe-3873	71	27	the	the	DET
cpe-3873	71	28	effect	effect	NOUN
cpe-3873	71	29	”	"	PUNCT
cpe-3873	71	30	denotes	denote	VERB
cpe-3873	71	31	the	the	DET
cpe-3873	71	32	total	total	ADJ
cpe-3873	71	33	effect	effect	NOUN
cpe-3873	71	34	,	,	PUNCT
cpe-3873	71	35	which	which	PRON
cpe-3873	71	36	means	mean	VERB
cpe-3873	71	37	that	that	SCONJ
cpe-3873	71	38	we	we	PRON
cpe-3873	71	39	imagine	imagine	VERB
cpe-3873	71	40	both	both	DET
cpe-3873	71	41	changes	change	NOUN
cpe-3873	71	42	at	at	ADP
cpe-3873	71	43	once	once	ADV
cpe-3873	71	44	(	(	PUNCT
cpe-3873	71	45	pearl	pearl	NOUN
cpe-3873	71	46	,	,	PUNCT
cpe-3873	71	47	2009	2009	NUM
cpe-3873	71	48	)	)	PUNCT
cpe-3873	71	49	.	.	PUNCT
cpe-3873	72	1	such	such	DET
cpe-3873	72	2	a	a	DET
cpe-3873	72	3	summary	summary	NOUN
cpe-3873	72	4	appears	appear	VERB
cpe-3873	72	5	pointless	pointless	ADJ
cpe-3873	72	6	in	in	ADP
cpe-3873	72	7	clinical	clinical	ADJ
cpe-3873	72	8	psychology	psychology	NOUN
cpe-3873	72	9	,	,	PUNCT
cpe-3873	72	10	at	at	ADP
cpe-3873	72	11	least	least	ADJ
cpe-3873	72	12	if	if	SCONJ
cpe-3873	72	13	one	one	PRON
cpe-3873	72	14	aims	aim	VERB
cpe-3873	72	15	to	to	PART
cpe-3873	72	16	keep	keep	VERB
cpe-3873	72	17	aetiology	aetiology	NOUN
cpe-3873	72	18	and	and	CCONJ
cpe-3873	72	19	persistence	persistence	NOUN
cpe-3873	72	20	/	/	SYM
cpe-3873	72	21	maintenance	maintenance	NOUN
cpe-3873	72	22	apart	apart	ADV
cpe-3873	72	23	which	which	PRON
cpe-3873	72	24	seems	seem	VERB
cpe-3873	72	25	important	important	ADJ
cpe-3873	72	26	since	since	SCONJ
cpe-3873	72	27	in	in	ADP
cpe-3873	72	28	many	many	ADJ
cpe-3873	72	29	cases	case	NOUN
cpe-3873	72	30	,	,	PUNCT
cpe-3873	72	31	different	different	ADJ
cpe-3873	72	32	factors	factor	NOUN
cpe-3873	72	33	seem	seem	VERB
cpe-3873	72	34	to	to	PART
cpe-3873	72	35	be	be	AUX
cpe-3873	72	36	involved	involve	VERB
cpe-3873	72	37	in	in	ADP
cpe-3873	72	38	the	the	DET
cpe-3873	72	39	onset	onset	NOUN
cpe-3873	72	40	versus	versus	ADP
cpe-3873	72	41	the	the	DET
cpe-3873	72	42	persistence	persistence	NOUN
cpe-3873	72	43	of	of	ADP
cpe-3873	72	44	mental	mental	ADJ
cpe-3873	72	45	disorders	disorder	NOUN
cpe-3873	72	46	(	(	PUNCT
cpe-3873	72	47	mclaughlin	mclaughlin	PROPN
cpe-3873	72	48	et	et	PROPN
cpe-3873	72	49	al	al	PROPN
cpe-3873	72	50	.	.	PROPN
cpe-3873	72	51	,	,	PUNCT
cpe-3873	72	52	2011	2011	NUM
cpe-3873	72	53	)	)	PUNCT
cpe-3873	72	54	.	.	PUNCT
cpe-3873	73	1	the	the	DET
cpe-3873	73	2	effect	effect	NOUN
cpe-3873	73	3	of	of	ADP
cpe-3873	73	4	experiencing	experience	VERB
cpe-3873	73	5	a	a	DET
cpe-3873	73	6	ct	ct	NOUN
cpe-3873	73	7	is	be	AUX
cpe-3873	73	8	,	,	PUNCT
cpe-3873	73	9	in	in	ADP
cpe-3873	73	10	principle	principle	NOUN
cpe-3873	73	11	,	,	PUNCT
cpe-3873	73	12	subject	subject	ADJ
cpe-3873	73	13	to	to	ADP
cpe-3873	73	14	a	a	DET
cpe-3873	73	15	prevention	prevention	NOUN
cpe-3873	73	16	rct	rct	PROPN
cpe-3873	73	17	,	,	PUNCT
cpe-3873	73	18	but	but	CCONJ
cpe-3873	73	19	such	such	ADJ
cpe-3873	73	20	studies	study	NOUN
cpe-3873	73	21	would	would	AUX
cpe-3873	73	22	be	be	AUX
cpe-3873	73	23	highly	highly	ADV
cpe-3873	73	24	ineffective	ineffective	ADJ
cpe-3873	73	25	.	.	PUNCT
cpe-3873	74	1	this	this	PRON
cpe-3873	74	2	is	be	AUX
cpe-3873	74	3	because	because	SCONJ
cpe-3873	74	4	ct	ct	NUM
cpe-3873	74	5	prevention	prevention	NOUN
cpe-3873	74	6	will	will	AUX
cpe-3873	74	7	never	never	ADV
cpe-3873	74	8	succeed	succeed	VERB
cpe-3873	74	9	among	among	ADP
cpe-3873	74	10	all	all	DET
cpe-3873	74	11	individuals	individual	NOUN
cpe-3873	74	12	and	and	CCONJ
cpe-3873	74	13	is	be	AUX
cpe-3873	74	14	unethical	unethical	ADJ
cpe-3873	74	15	if	if	SCONJ
cpe-3873	74	16	the	the	DET
cpe-3873	74	17	control	control	NOUN
cpe-3873	74	18	group	group	NOUN
cpe-3873	74	19	is	be	AUX
cpe-3873	74	20	deliberately	deliberately	ADV
cpe-3873	74	21	exposed	expose	VERB
cpe-3873	74	22	to	to	ADP
cpe-3873	74	23	ct	ct	PRON
cpe-3873	74	24	although	although	SCONJ
cpe-3873	74	25	exposure	exposure	NOUN
cpe-3873	74	26	(	(	PUNCT
cpe-3873	74	27	and	and	CCONJ
cpe-3873	74	28	associated	associated	ADJ
cpe-3873	74	29	harm	harm	NOUN
cpe-3873	74	30	)	)	PUNCT
cpe-3873	74	31	could	could	AUX
cpe-3873	74	32	have	have	AUX
cpe-3873	74	33	been	be	AUX
cpe-3873	74	34	prevented	prevent	VERB
cpe-3873	74	35	.	.	PUNCT
cpe-3873	75	1	the	the	DET
cpe-3873	75	2	effect	effect	NOUN
cpe-3873	75	3	of	of	ADP
cpe-3873	75	4	recovery	recovery	NOUN
cpe-3873	75	5	from	from	ADP
cpe-3873	75	6	a	a	DET
cpe-3873	75	7	trauma	trauma	NOUN
cpe-3873	75	8	on	on	ADP
cpe-3873	75	9	the	the	DET
cpe-3873	75	10	other	other	ADJ
cpe-3873	75	11	hand	hand	NOUN
cpe-3873	75	12	;	;	PUNCT
cpe-3873	75	13	i.e.	i.e.	X
cpe-3873	75	14	,	,	PUNCT
cpe-3873	75	15	of	of	ADP
cpe-3873	75	16	successful	successful	ADJ
cpe-3873	75	17	intervention	intervention	NOUN
cpe-3873	75	18	,	,	PUNCT
cpe-3873	75	19	can	can	AUX
cpe-3873	75	20	in	in	ADP
cpe-3873	75	21	principle	principle	NOUN
cpe-3873	75	22	be	be	AUX
cpe-3873	75	23	investigated	investigate	VERB
cpe-3873	75	24	in	in	ADP
cpe-3873	75	25	an	an	DET
cpe-3873	75	26	rct	rct	PROPN
cpe-3873	75	27	,	,	PUNCT
cpe-3873	75	28	but	but	CCONJ
cpe-3873	75	29	only	only	ADV
cpe-3873	75	30	with	with	ADP
cpe-3873	75	31	regard	regard	NOUN
cpe-3873	75	32	to	to	ADP
cpe-3873	75	33	specific	specific	ADJ
cpe-3873	75	34	consequences	consequence	NOUN
cpe-3873	75	35	of	of	ADP
cpe-3873	75	36	ct	ct	PROPN
cpe-3873	75	37	.	.	PUNCT
cpe-3873	76	1	this	this	PRON
cpe-3873	76	2	not	not	PART
cpe-3873	76	3	only	only	ADV
cpe-3873	76	4	heavily	heavily	ADV
cpe-3873	76	5	depends	depend	VERB
cpe-3873	76	6	on	on	ADP
cpe-3873	76	7	what	what	PRON
cpe-3873	76	8	is	be	AUX
cpe-3873	76	9	meant	mean	VERB
cpe-3873	76	10	with	with	ADP
cpe-3873	76	11	“	"	PUNCT
cpe-3873	76	12	consequences	consequence	NOUN
cpe-3873	76	13	”	"	PUNCT
cpe-3873	76	14	(	(	PUNCT
cpe-3873	76	15	e.g.	e.g.	ADV
cpe-3873	76	16	,	,	PUNCT
cpe-3873	76	17	distress	distress	NOUN
cpe-3873	76	18	,	,	PUNCT
cpe-3873	76	19	symptom	symptom	NOUN
cpe-3873	76	20	onset	onset	NOUN
cpe-3873	76	21	,	,	PUNCT
cpe-3873	76	22	incidence	incidence	NOUN
cpe-3873	76	23	of	of	ADP
cpe-3873	76	24	a	a	DET
cpe-3873	76	25	diagnosis	diagnosis	NOUN
cpe-3873	76	26	)	)	PUNCT
cpe-3873	76	27	and	and	CCONJ
cpe-3873	76	28	the	the	DET
cpe-3873	76	29	mode	mode	NOUN
cpe-3873	76	30	of	of	ADP
cpe-3873	76	31	intervention	intervention	NOUN
cpe-3873	76	32	,	,	PUNCT
cpe-3873	76	33	it	it	PRON
cpe-3873	76	34	is	be	AUX
cpe-3873	76	35	confounded	confound	VERB
cpe-3873	76	36	with	with	ADP
cpe-3873	76	37	the	the	DET
cpe-3873	76	38	aim	aim	NOUN
cpe-3873	76	39	of	of	ADP
cpe-3873	76	40	investigating	investigate	VERB
cpe-3873	76	41	the	the	DET
cpe-3873	76	42	recovery	recovery	NOUN
cpe-3873	76	43	effect	effect	NOUN
cpe-3873	76	44	(	(	PUNCT
cpe-3873	76	45	greenland	greenland	NOUN
cpe-3873	76	46	,	,	PUNCT
cpe-3873	76	47	2005a	2005a	NUM
cpe-3873	76	48	)	)	PUNCT
cpe-3873	76	49	.	.	PUNCT
cpe-3873	77	1	at	at	ADP
cpe-3873	77	2	least	least	ADJ
cpe-3873	77	3	for	for	ADP
cpe-3873	77	4	onset	onset	NOUN
cpe-3873	77	5	,	,	PUNCT
cpe-3873	77	6	“	"	PUNCT
cpe-3873	77	7	target	target	NOUN
cpe-3873	77	8	trials	trial	NOUN
cpe-3873	77	9	”	"	PUNCT
cpe-3873	77	10	(	(	PUNCT
cpe-3873	77	11	here	here	NOUN
cpe-3873	77	12	prevention	prevention	NOUN
cpe-3873	77	13	trials	trial	NOUN
cpe-3873	77	14	)	)	PUNCT
cpe-3873	77	15	may	may	AUX
cpe-3873	77	16	be	be	AUX
cpe-3873	77	17	an	an	DET
cpe-3873	77	18	effective	effective	ADJ
cpe-3873	77	19	further	further	ADJ
cpe-3873	77	20	tool	tool	NOUN
cpe-3873	77	21	to	to	PART
cpe-3873	77	22	clarify	clarify	VERB
cpe-3873	77	23	what	what	PRON
cpe-3873	77	24	a	a	DET
cpe-3873	77	25	counterfactual	counterfactual	ADJ
cpe-3873	77	26	specifically	specifically	ADV
cpe-3873	77	27	means	mean	VERB
cpe-3873	77	28	(	(	PUNCT
cpe-3873	77	29	vanderweele	vanderweele	NOUN
cpe-3873	77	30	,	,	PUNCT
cpe-3873	77	31	2016	2016	NUM
cpe-3873	77	32	)	)	PUNCT
cpe-3873	77	33	.	.	PUNCT
cpe-3873	78	1	a	a	DET
cpe-3873	78	2	target	target	NOUN
cpe-3873	78	3	trial	trial	NOUN
cpe-3873	78	4	is	be	AUX
cpe-3873	78	5	an	an	DET
cpe-3873	78	6	ideal	ideal	ADJ
cpe-3873	78	7	trial	trial	NOUN
cpe-3873	78	8	(	(	PUNCT
cpe-3873	78	9	or	or	CCONJ
cpe-3873	78	10	experiment	experiment	NOUN
cpe-3873	78	11	)	)	PUNCT
cpe-3873	78	12	the	the	DET
cpe-3873	78	13	data	datum	NOUN
cpe-3873	78	14	of	of	ADP
cpe-3873	78	15	which	which	PRON
cpe-3873	78	16	would	would	AUX
cpe-3873	78	17	provide	provide	VERB
cpe-3873	78	18	the	the	DET
cpe-3873	78	19	desired	desire	VERB
cpe-3873	78	20	causal	causal	ADJ
cpe-3873	78	21	answer	answer	NOUN
cpe-3873	78	22	.	.	PUNCT
cpe-3873	79	1	it	it	PRON
cpe-3873	79	2	clarifies	clarify	VERB
cpe-3873	79	3	qualitatively	qualitatively	ADV
cpe-3873	79	4	what	what	PRON
cpe-3873	79	5	we	we	PRON
cpe-3873	79	6	would	would	AUX
cpe-3873	79	7	require	require	VERB
cpe-3873	79	8	,	,	PUNCT
cpe-3873	79	9	what	what	PRON
cpe-3873	79	10	we	we	PRON
cpe-3873	79	11	can	can	AUX
cpe-3873	79	12	not	not	PART
cpe-3873	79	13	do	do	VERB
cpe-3873	79	14	,	,	PUNCT
cpe-3873	79	15	but	but	CCONJ
cpe-3873	79	16	what	what	PRON
cpe-3873	79	17	we	we	PRON
cpe-3873	79	18	can	can	AUX
cpe-3873	79	19	anyway	anyway	ADV
cpe-3873	79	20	imagine	imagine	VERB
cpe-3873	79	21	(	(	PUNCT
cpe-3873	79	22	lewis	lewis	PROPN
cpe-3873	79	23	,	,	PUNCT
cpe-3873	79	24	1973	1973	NUM
cpe-3873	79	25	;	;	PUNCT
cpe-3873	79	26	pearl	pearl	NOUN
cpe-3873	79	27	,	,	PUNCT
cpe-3873	79	28	2013	2013	NUM
cpe-3873	79	29	)	)	PUNCT
cpe-3873	79	30	,	,	PUNCT
cpe-3873	79	31	including	include	VERB
cpe-3873	79	32	the	the	DET
cpe-3873	79	33	target	target	NOUN
cpe-3873	79	34	population	population	NOUN
cpe-3873	79	35	to	to	PART
cpe-3873	79	36	infer	infer	VERB
cpe-3873	79	37	on	on	ADP
cpe-3873	79	38	.	.	PUNCT
cpe-3873	80	1	for	for	ADP
cpe-3873	80	2	a	a	DET
cpe-3873	80	3	conclusion	conclusion	NOUN
cpe-3873	80	4	on	on	ADP
cpe-3873	80	5	the	the	DET
cpe-3873	80	6	existence	existence	NOUN
cpe-3873	80	7	of	of	ADP
cpe-3873	80	8	either	either	DET
cpe-3873	80	9	effect	effect	NOUN
cpe-3873	80	10	,	,	PUNCT
cpe-3873	80	11	crude	crude	ADJ
cpe-3873	80	12	estimates	estimate	NOUN
cpe-3873	80	13	of	of	ADP
cpe-3873	80	14	counterfactual	counterfactual	ADJ
cpe-3873	80	15	depression	depression	NOUN
cpe-3873	80	16	rates	rate	NOUN
cpe-3873	80	17	(	(	PUNCT
cpe-3873	80	18	generally	generally	ADV
cpe-3873	80	19	mean	mean	VERB
cpe-3873	80	20	outcomes	outcome	NOUN
cpe-3873	80	21	)	)	PUNCT
cpe-3873	80	22	among	among	ADP
cpe-3873	80	23	those	those	PRON
cpe-3873	80	24	with	with	ADP
cpe-3873	80	25	and	and	CCONJ
cpe-3873	80	26	without	without	ADP
cpe-3873	80	27	ct	ct	PROPN
cpe-3873	80	28	,	,	PUNCT
cpe-3873	80	29	respec­	respec­	PROPN
cpe-3873	80	30	tively	tively	ADV
cpe-3873	80	31	,	,	PUNCT
cpe-3873	80	32	are	be	AUX
cpe-3873	80	33	necessary	necessary	ADJ
cpe-3873	80	34	.	.	PUNCT
cpe-3873	81	1	if	if	SCONJ
cpe-3873	81	2	we	we	PRON
cpe-3873	81	3	know	know	VERB
cpe-3873	81	4	empirically	empirically	ADV
cpe-3873	81	5	that	that	SCONJ
cpe-3873	81	6	,	,	PUNCT
cpe-3873	81	7	say	say	INTJ
cpe-3873	81	8	,	,	PUNCT
cpe-3873	81	9	5	5	NUM
cpe-3873	81	10	%	%	NOUN
cpe-3873	81	11	of	of	ADP
cpe-3873	81	12	those	those	PRON
cpe-3873	81	13	without	without	ADP
cpe-3873	81	14	ct	ct	PROPN
cpe-3873	81	15	develop	develop	VERB
cpe-3873	81	16	depression	depression	NOUN
cpe-3873	81	17	later	later	ADV
cpe-3873	81	18	in	in	ADP
cpe-3873	81	19	life	life	NOUN
cpe-3873	81	20	,	,	PUNCT
cpe-3873	81	21	and	and	CCONJ
cpe-3873	81	22	we	we	PRON
cpe-3873	81	23	assume	assume	VERB
cpe-3873	81	24	that	that	SCONJ
cpe-3873	81	25	the	the	DET
cpe-3873	81	26	experience	experience	NOUN
cpe-3873	81	27	of	of	ADP
cpe-3873	81	28	ct	ct	PRON
cpe-3873	81	29	in	in	ADP
cpe-3873	81	30	all	all	DET
cpe-3873	81	31	the	the	DET
cpe-3873	81	32	observed	observed	ADJ
cpe-3873	81	33	individuals	individual	NOUN
cpe-3873	81	34	would	would	AUX
cpe-3873	81	35	have	have	AUX
cpe-3873	81	36	increased	increase	VERB
cpe-3873	81	37	this	this	DET
cpe-3873	81	38	rate	rate	NOUN
cpe-3873	81	39	(	(	PUNCT
cpe-3873	81	40	i.e.	i.e.	X
cpe-3873	81	41	,	,	PUNCT
cpe-3873	81	42	the	the	DET
cpe-3873	81	43	counterfactual	counterfactual	ADJ
cpe-3873	81	44	rate	rate	NOUN
cpe-3873	81	45	is	be	AUX
cpe-3873	81	46	>	>	X
cpe-3873	81	47	5	5	NUM
cpe-3873	81	48	%	%	NOUN
cpe-3873	81	49	;	;	PUNCT
cpe-3873	81	50	probably	probably	ADV
cpe-3873	81	51	few	few	ADJ
cpe-3873	81	52	clinical	clinical	ADJ
cpe-3873	81	53	psychologists	psychologist	NOUN
cpe-3873	81	54	would	would	AUX
cpe-3873	81	55	doubt	doubt	VERB
cpe-3873	81	56	this	this	PRON
cpe-3873	81	57	)	)	PUNCT
cpe-3873	81	58	,	,	PUNCT
cpe-3873	81	59	the	the	DET
cpe-3873	81	60	conclusion	conclusion	NOUN
cpe-3873	81	61	that	that	SCONJ
cpe-3873	81	62	ct	ct	PROPN
cpe-3873	81	63	experience	experience	NOUN
cpe-3873	81	64	increases	increase	VERB
cpe-3873	81	65	the	the	DET
cpe-3873	81	66	risk	risk	NOUN
cpe-3873	81	67	for	for	ADP
cpe-3873	81	68	depression	depression	NOUN
cpe-3873	81	69	is	be	AUX
cpe-3873	81	70	valid	valid	ADJ
cpe-3873	81	71	.	.	PUNCT
cpe-3873	82	1	likewise	likewise	ADV
cpe-3873	82	2	if	if	SCONJ
cpe-3873	82	3	,	,	PUNCT
cpe-3873	82	4	say	say	INTJ
cpe-3873	82	5	,	,	PUNCT
cpe-3873	82	6	10	10	NUM
cpe-3873	82	7	%	%	NOUN
cpe-3873	82	8	of	of	ADP
cpe-3873	82	9	those	those	PRON
cpe-3873	82	10	with	with	ADP
cpe-3873	82	11	ct	ct	PROPN
cpe-3873	82	12	have	have	VERB
cpe-3873	82	13	depression	depression	NOUN
cpe-3873	82	14	later	later	ADV
cpe-3873	82	15	on	on	ADV
cpe-3873	82	16	,	,	PUNCT
cpe-3873	82	17	we	we	PRON
cpe-3873	82	18	may	may	AUX
cpe-3873	82	19	conclude	conclude	VERB
cpe-3873	82	20	that	that	SCONJ
cpe-3873	82	21	an	an	DET
cpe-3873	82	22	intervention	intervention	NOUN
cpe-3873	82	23	decreases	decrease	VERB
cpe-3873	82	24	the	the	DET
cpe-3873	82	25	rate	rate	NOUN
cpe-3873	82	26	provided	provide	VERB
cpe-3873	82	27	that	that	SCONJ
cpe-3873	82	28	we	we	PRON
cpe-3873	82	29	are	be	AUX
cpe-3873	82	30	willing	willing	ADJ
cpe-3873	82	31	to	to	PART
cpe-3873	82	32	assume	assume	VERB
cpe-3873	82	33	that	that	SCONJ
cpe-3873	82	34	the	the	DET
cpe-3873	82	35	intervention	intervention	NOUN
cpe-3873	82	36	would	would	AUX
cpe-3873	82	37	achieve	achieve	VERB
cpe-3873	82	38	a	a	DET
cpe-3873	82	39	rate	rate	NOUN
cpe-3873	82	40	below	below	ADP
cpe-3873	82	41	10	10	NUM
cpe-3873	82	42	%	%	NOUN
cpe-3873	82	43	.	.	PUNCT
cpe-3873	83	1	this	this	DET
cpe-3873	83	2	line	line	NOUN
cpe-3873	83	3	of	of	ADP
cpe-3873	83	4	qualitative	qualitative	ADJ
cpe-3873	83	5	argument	argument	NOUN
cpe-3873	83	6	determines	determine	VERB
cpe-3873	83	7	the	the	DET
cpe-3873	83	8	“	"	PUNCT
cpe-3873	83	9	target	target	NOUN
cpe-3873	83	10	quantity	quantity	NOUN
cpe-3873	83	11	”	"	PUNCT
cpe-3873	83	12	(	(	PUNCT
cpe-3873	83	13	petersen	petersen	PROPN
cpe-3873	83	14	&	&	CCONJ
cpe-3873	83	15	van	van	PROPN
cpe-3873	83	16	der	der	PROPN
cpe-3873	83	17	laan	laan	PROPN
cpe-3873	83	18	,	,	PUNCT
cpe-3873	83	19	2014	2014	NUM
cpe-3873	83	20	)	)	PUNCT
cpe-3873	83	21	one	one	PRON
cpe-3873	83	22	wishes	wish	VERB
cpe-3873	83	23	to	to	PART
cpe-3873	83	24	estimate	estimate	VERB
cpe-3873	83	25	.	.	PUNCT
cpe-3873	84	1	it	it	PRON
cpe-3873	84	2	may	may	AUX
cpe-3873	84	3	also	also	ADV
cpe-3873	84	4	trigger	trigger	VERB
cpe-3873	84	5	other	other	ADJ
cpe-3873	84	6	considerations	consideration	NOUN
cpe-3873	84	7	like	like	ADP
cpe-3873	84	8	substituting	substitute	VERB
cpe-3873	84	9	unknown	unknown	ADJ
cpe-3873	84	10	counterfactual	counterfactual	ADJ
cpe-3873	84	11	depression	depression	NOUN
cpe-3873	84	12	rates	rate	NOUN
cpe-3873	84	13	from	from	ADP
cpe-3873	84	14	other	other	ADJ
cpe-3873	84	15	,	,	PUNCT
cpe-3873	84	16	“	"	PUNCT
cpe-3873	84	17	analogous	analogous	ADJ
cpe-3873	84	18	”	"	PUNCT
cpe-3873	84	19	(	(	PUNCT
cpe-3873	84	20	hill	hill	NOUN
cpe-3873	84	21	,	,	PUNCT
cpe-3873	84	22	1965	1965	NUM
cpe-3873	84	23	)	)	PUNCT
cpe-3873	84	24	studies	study	NOUN
cpe-3873	84	25	.	.	PUNCT
cpe-3873	85	1	for	for	ADP
cpe-3873	85	2	trauma	trauma	NOUN
cpe-3873	85	3	experience	experience	NOUN
cpe-3873	85	4	,	,	PUNCT
cpe-3873	85	5	a	a	DET
cpe-3873	85	6	sample	sample	NOUN
cpe-3873	85	7	of	of	ADP
cpe-3873	85	8	children	child	NOUN
cpe-3873	85	9	traumatized	traumatize	VERB
cpe-3873	85	10	by	by	ADP
cpe-3873	85	11	war	war	NOUN
cpe-3873	85	12	may	may	AUX
cpe-3873	85	13	be	be	AUX
cpe-3873	85	14	used	use	VERB
cpe-3873	85	15	and	and	CCONJ
cpe-3873	85	16	for	for	ADP
cpe-3873	85	17	recovery	recovery	NOUN
cpe-3873	85	18	,	,	PUNCT
cpe-3873	85	19	a	a	DET
cpe-3873	85	20	sample	sample	NOUN
cpe-3873	85	21	of	of	ADP
cpe-3873	85	22	traumatized	traumatized	ADJ
cpe-3873	85	23	,	,	PUNCT
cpe-3873	85	24	untreated	untreated	ADJ
cpe-3873	85	25	but	but	CCONJ
cpe-3873	85	26	resilient	resilient	ADJ
cpe-3873	85	27	children	child	NOUN
cpe-3873	85	28	.	.	PUNCT
cpe-3873	86	1	granger	granger	PROPN
cpe-3873	86	2	causality	causality	PROPN
cpe-3873	86	3	imagining	imagine	VERB
cpe-3873	86	4	counterfactual	counterfactual	ADJ
cpe-3873	86	5	states	state	NOUN
cpe-3873	86	6	of	of	ADP
cpe-3873	86	7	brains	brain	NOUN
cpe-3873	86	8	in	in	ADP
cpe-3873	86	9	neuroscience	neuroscience	NOUN
cpe-3873	86	10	and	and	CCONJ
cpe-3873	86	11	neuroimaging	neuroimaging	NOUN
cpe-3873	86	12	research	research	NOUN
cpe-3873	86	13	seems	seem	VERB
cpe-3873	86	14	meaningful	meaningful	ADJ
cpe-3873	86	15	,	,	PUNCT
cpe-3873	86	16	but	but	CCONJ
cpe-3873	86	17	in	in	ADP
cpe-3873	86	18	associated	associated	ADJ
cpe-3873	86	19	longitudinal	longitudinal	ADJ
cpe-3873	86	20	studies	study	NOUN
cpe-3873	86	21	there	there	PRON
cpe-3873	86	22	is	be	VERB
cpe-3873	86	23	a	a	DET
cpe-3873	86	24	shortcut	shortcut	NOUN
cpe-3873	86	25	to	to	ADP
cpe-3873	86	26	the	the	DET
cpe-3873	86	27	specif­	specif­	PROPN
cpe-3873	86	28	ic	ic	PROPN
cpe-3873	86	29	causal	causal	ADJ
cpe-3873	86	30	problem	problem	NOUN
cpe-3873	86	31	of	of	ADP
cpe-3873	86	32	common	common	ADJ
cpe-3873	86	33	causes	cause	NOUN
cpe-3873	86	34	hidden	hide	VERB
cpe-3873	86	35	in	in	ADP
cpe-3873	86	36	the	the	DET
cpe-3873	86	37	term	term	NOUN
cpe-3873	86	38	“	"	PUNCT
cpe-3873	86	39	granger	granger	NOUN
cpe-3873	86	40	causality	causality	NOUN
cpe-3873	86	41	”	"	PUNCT
cpe-3873	86	42	(	(	PUNCT
cpe-3873	86	43	friston	friston	PROPN
cpe-3873	86	44	,	,	PUNCT
cpe-3873	86	45	moran	moran	PROPN
cpe-3873	86	46	,	,	PUNCT
cpe-3873	86	47	&	&	CCONJ
cpe-3873	86	48	seth	seth	PROPN
cpe-3873	86	49	,	,	PUNCT
cpe-3873	86	50	2013	2013	NUM
cpe-3873	86	51	)	)	PUNCT
cpe-3873	86	52	.	.	PUNCT
cpe-3873	87	1	originally	originally	ADV
cpe-3873	87	2	,	,	PUNCT
cpe-3873	87	3	the	the	DET
cpe-3873	87	4	term	term	NOUN
cpe-3873	87	5	states	state	VERB
cpe-3873	87	6	that	that	SCONJ
cpe-3873	87	7	,	,	PUNCT
cpe-3873	87	8	given	give	VERB
cpe-3873	87	9	“	"	PUNCT
cpe-3873	87	10	all	all	DET
cpe-3873	87	11	the	the	DET
cpe-3873	87	12	information	information	NOUN
cpe-3873	87	13	in	in	ADP
cpe-3873	87	14	the	the	DET
cpe-3873	87	15	qualitative	qualitative	ADJ
cpe-3873	87	16	approximations	approximation	NOUN
cpe-3873	87	17	to	to	ADP
cpe-3873	87	18	causality	causality	NOUN
cpe-3873	87	19	6	6	NUM
cpe-3873	87	20	clinical	clinical	ADJ
cpe-3873	87	21	psychology	psychology	NOUN
cpe-3873	87	22	in	in	ADP
cpe-3873	87	23	europe	europe	PROPN
cpe-3873	87	24	2021	2021	NUM
cpe-3873	87	25	,	,	PUNCT
cpe-3873	87	26	vol	vol	NOUN
cpe-3873	87	27	.	.	PUNCT
cpe-3873	87	28	3(2	3(2	NUM
cpe-3873	87	29	)	)	PUNCT
cpe-3873	87	30	,	,	PUNCT
cpe-3873	87	31	article	article	NOUN
cpe-3873	87	32	e3873	e3873	PRON
cpe-3873	87	33	https://doi.org/10.32872/cpe.3873	https://doi.org/10.32872/cpe.3873	VERB
cpe-3873	87	34	https://www.psychopen.eu/	https://www.psychopen.eu/	VERB
cpe-3873	87	35	universe	universe	NOUN
cpe-3873	87	36	up	up	ADP
cpe-3873	87	37	to	to	ADP
cpe-3873	87	38	time	time	NOUN
cpe-3873	87	39	t	t	PROPN
cpe-3873	87	40	”	"	PUNCT
cpe-3873	87	41	(	(	PUNCT
cpe-3873	87	42	eichler	eichler	NOUN
cpe-3873	87	43	&	&	CCONJ
cpe-3873	87	44	didelez	didelez	PROPN
cpe-3873	87	45	,	,	PUNCT
cpe-3873	87	46	2010	2010	NUM
cpe-3873	87	47	)	)	PUNCT
cpe-3873	87	48	,	,	PUNCT
cpe-3873	87	49	and	and	CCONJ
cpe-3873	87	50	provided	provide	VERB
cpe-3873	87	51	that	that	SCONJ
cpe-3873	87	52	the	the	DET
cpe-3873	87	53	prediction	prediction	NOUN
cpe-3873	87	54	of	of	ADP
cpe-3873	87	55	y	y	PROPN
cpe-3873	87	56	at	at	ADP
cpe-3873	87	57	time	time	NOUN
cpe-3873	87	58	t	t	NOUN
cpe-3873	87	59	+	+	CCONJ
cpe-3873	87	60	1	1	NUM
cpe-3873	87	61	is	be	AUX
cpe-3873	87	62	worse	bad	ADJ
cpe-3873	87	63	if	if	SCONJ
cpe-3873	87	64	an	an	DET
cpe-3873	87	65	x	x	X
cpe-3873	87	66	at	at	ADP
cpe-3873	87	67	any	any	DET
cpe-3873	87	68	time	time	NOUN
cpe-3873	87	69	up	up	ADP
cpe-3873	87	70	to	to	ADP
cpe-3873	87	71	t	t	PROPN
cpe-3873	87	72	is	be	AUX
cpe-3873	87	73	disregarded	disregarded	ADJ
cpe-3873	87	74	,	,	PUNCT
cpe-3873	87	75	then	then	ADV
cpe-3873	87	76	this	this	DET
cpe-3873	87	77	prior	prior	ADV
cpe-3873	87	78	x	x	PUNCT
cpe-3873	87	79	is	be	AUX
cpe-3873	87	80	a	a	DET
cpe-3873	87	81	cause	cause	NOUN
cpe-3873	87	82	of	of	ADP
cpe-3873	87	83	y	y	PROPN
cpe-3873	87	84	(	(	PUNCT
cpe-3873	87	85	granger	granger	PROPN
cpe-3873	87	86	,	,	PUNCT
cpe-3873	87	87	1969	1969	NUM
cpe-3873	87	88	)	)	PUNCT
cpe-3873	87	89	.	.	PUNCT
cpe-3873	88	1	although	although	SCONJ
cpe-3873	88	2	equivalent	equivalent	ADJ
cpe-3873	88	3	with	with	ADP
cpe-3873	88	4	the	the	DET
cpe-3873	88	5	counterfactual	counterfactual	ADJ
cpe-3873	88	6	definition	definition	NOUN
cpe-3873	88	7	,	,	PUNCT
cpe-3873	88	8	granger	granger	PROPN
cpe-3873	88	9	causality	causality	PROPN
cpe-3873	88	10	has	have	AUX
cpe-3873	88	11	been	be	AUX
cpe-3873	88	12	frequently	frequently	ADV
cpe-3873	88	13	mistaken	mistaken	ADJ
cpe-3873	88	14	as	as	ADP
cpe-3873	88	15	only	only	ADV
cpe-3873	88	16	referring	refer	VERB
cpe-3873	88	17	to	to	ADP
cpe-3873	88	18	observed	observed	ADJ
cpe-3873	88	19	x	x	PUNCT
cpe-3873	88	20	variables	variable	NOUN
cpe-3873	88	21	(	(	PUNCT
cpe-3873	88	22	eichler	eichler	NOUN
cpe-3873	88	23	,	,	PUNCT
cpe-3873	88	24	2012	2012	NUM
cpe-3873	88	25	;	;	PUNCT
cpe-3873	88	26	eichler	eichler	NOUN
cpe-3873	88	27	&	&	CCONJ
cpe-3873	88	28	didelez	didelez	PROPN
cpe-3873	88	29	,	,	PUNCT
cpe-3873	88	30	2010	2010	NUM
cpe-3873	88	31	)	)	PUNCT
cpe-3873	88	32	or	or	CCONJ
cpe-3873	88	33	even	even	ADV
cpe-3873	88	34	just	just	ADV
cpe-3873	88	35	a	a	DET
cpe-3873	88	36	time	time	NOUN
cpe-3873	88	37	-	-	PUNCT
cpe-3873	88	38	series	series	NOUN
cpe-3873	88	39	of	of	ADP
cpe-3873	88	40	a	a	DET
cpe-3873	88	41	single	single	ADJ
cpe-3873	88	42	x	x	SYM
cpe-3873	88	43	(	(	PUNCT
cpe-3873	88	44	marinescu	marinescu	X
cpe-3873	88	45	et	et	PROPN
cpe-3873	88	46	al	al	PROPN
cpe-3873	88	47	.	.	PROPN
cpe-3873	88	48	,	,	PUNCT
cpe-3873	88	49	2018	2018	NUM
cpe-3873	88	50	)	)	PUNCT
cpe-3873	88	51	.	.	PUNCT
cpe-3873	89	1	this	this	PRON
cpe-3873	89	2	downgrades	downgrade	VERB
cpe-3873	89	3	the	the	DET
cpe-3873	89	4	conception	conception	NOUN
cpe-3873	89	5	into	into	ADP
cpe-3873	89	6	a	a	DET
cpe-3873	89	7	heuristic	heuristic	NOUN
cpe-3873	89	8	for	for	ADP
cpe-3873	89	9	practical	practical	ADJ
cpe-3873	89	10	use	use	NOUN
cpe-3873	89	11	with	with	ADP
cpe-3873	89	12	the	the	DET
cpe-3873	89	13	easily	easily	ADV
cpe-3873	89	14	wrong	wrong	ADJ
cpe-3873	89	15	qualitative	qualitative	ADJ
cpe-3873	89	16	suggestion	suggestion	NOUN
cpe-3873	89	17	that	that	SCONJ
cpe-3873	89	18	adjustment	adjustment	NOUN
cpe-3873	89	19	for	for	ADP
cpe-3873	89	20	common	common	ADJ
cpe-3873	89	21	causes	cause	NOUN
cpe-3873	89	22	has	have	AUX
cpe-3873	89	23	been	be	AUX
cpe-3873	89	24	sufficient	sufficient	ADJ
cpe-3873	89	25	.	.	PUNCT
cpe-3873	90	1	researchers	researcher	NOUN
cpe-3873	90	2	who	who	PRON
cpe-3873	90	3	use	use	VERB
cpe-3873	90	4	it	it	PRON
cpe-3873	90	5	must	must	AUX
cpe-3873	90	6	be	be	AUX
cpe-3873	90	7	aware	aware	ADJ
cpe-3873	90	8	of	of	ADP
cpe-3873	90	9	the	the	DET
cpe-3873	90	10	basic	basic	ADJ
cpe-3873	90	11	bias	bias	NOUN
cpe-3873	90	12	relation	relation	NOUN
cpe-3873	90	13	indicating	indicate	VERB
cpe-3873	90	14	that	that	SCONJ
cpe-3873	90	15	they	they	PRON
cpe-3873	90	16	play	play	VERB
cpe-3873	90	17	into	into	ADP
cpe-3873	90	18	their	their	PRON
cpe-3873	90	19	own	own	ADJ
cpe-3873	90	20	hands	hand	NOUN
cpe-3873	90	21	if	if	SCONJ
cpe-3873	90	22	they	they	PRON
cpe-3873	90	23	ignore	ignore	VERB
cpe-3873	90	24	unobserved	unobserved	ADJ
cpe-3873	90	25	common	common	ADJ
cpe-3873	90	26	causes	cause	NOUN
cpe-3873	90	27	that	that	DET
cpe-3873	90	28	effect	effect	NOUN
cpe-3873	90	29	x	x	PUNCT
cpe-3873	90	30	and	and	CCONJ
cpe-3873	90	31	y	y	PROPN
cpe-3873	90	32	with	with	ADP
cpe-3873	90	33	the	the	DET
cpe-3873	90	34	same	same	ADJ
cpe-3873	90	35	sign	sign	NOUN
cpe-3873	90	36	.	.	PUNCT
cpe-3873	91	1	these	these	PRON
cpe-3873	91	2	may	may	AUX
cpe-3873	91	3	include	include	VERB
cpe-3873	91	4	variables	variable	NOUN
cpe-3873	91	5	that	that	PRON
cpe-3873	91	6	have	have	AUX
cpe-3873	91	7	occurred	occur	VERB
cpe-3873	91	8	before	before	ADP
cpe-3873	91	9	study	study	NOUN
cpe-3873	91	10	onset	onset	NOUN
cpe-3873	91	11	.	.	PUNCT
cpe-3873	92	1	generally	generally	ADV
cpe-3873	92	2	,	,	PUNCT
cpe-3873	92	3	collecting	collect	VERB
cpe-3873	92	4	big	big	ADJ
cpe-3873	92	5	data	datum	NOUN
cpe-3873	92	6	like	like	ADP
cpe-3873	92	7	thousands	thousand	NOUN
cpe-3873	92	8	of	of	ADP
cpe-3873	92	9	voxels	voxel	NOUN
cpe-3873	92	10	in	in	ADP
cpe-3873	92	11	a	a	DET
cpe-3873	92	12	brain	brain	NOUN
cpe-3873	92	13	scan	scan	NOUN
cpe-3873	92	14	is	be	AUX
cpe-3873	92	15	no	no	DET
cpe-3873	92	16	substitute	substitute	NOUN
cpe-3873	92	17	for	for	ADP
cpe-3873	92	18	thoughtful	thoughtful	ADJ
cpe-3873	92	19	reflections	reflection	NOUN
cpe-3873	92	20	on	on	ADP
cpe-3873	92	21	the	the	DET
cpe-3873	92	22	processes	process	NOUN
cpe-3873	92	23	beyond	beyond	ADP
cpe-3873	92	24	the	the	DET
cpe-3873	92	25	data	datum	NOUN
cpe-3873	92	26	that	that	PRON
cpe-3873	92	27	any	any	DET
cpe-3873	92	28	defendable	defendable	ADJ
cpe-3873	92	29	causal	causal	ADJ
cpe-3873	92	30	analysis	analysis	NOUN
cpe-3873	92	31	relies	rely	VERB
cpe-3873	92	32	on	on	ADP
cpe-3873	92	33	(	(	PUNCT
cpe-3873	92	34	pearl	pearl	NOUN
cpe-3873	92	35	&	&	CCONJ
cpe-3873	92	36	mackenzie	mackenzie	NOUN
cpe-3873	92	37	,	,	PUNCT
cpe-3873	92	38	2018	2018	NUM
cpe-3873	92	39	)	)	PUNCT
cpe-3873	92	40	.	.	PUNCT
cpe-3873	93	1	in	in	ADP
cpe-3873	93	2	the	the	DET
cpe-3873	93	3	supplementary	supplementary	ADJ
cpe-3873	93	4	materials	material	NOUN
cpe-3873	93	5	we	we	PRON
cpe-3873	93	6	briefly	briefly	ADV
cpe-3873	93	7	discuss	discuss	VERB
cpe-3873	93	8	other	other	ADJ
cpe-3873	93	9	popular	popular	ADJ
cpe-3873	93	10	and	and	CCONJ
cpe-3873	93	11	,	,	PUNCT
cpe-3873	93	12	mostly	mostly	ADV
cpe-3873	93	13	long­	long­	ADJ
cpe-3873	93	14	used	use	VERB
cpe-3873	93	15	approaches	approach	NOUN
cpe-3873	93	16	:	:	PUNCT
cpe-3873	93	17	multimethod	multimethod	ADJ
cpe-3873	93	18	evidence	evidence	NOUN
cpe-3873	93	19	,	,	PUNCT
cpe-3873	93	20	mixed	mixed	ADJ
cpe-3873	93	21	methods	method	NOUN
cpe-3873	93	22	research	research	NOUN
cpe-3873	93	23	and	and	CCONJ
cpe-3873	93	24	ruling	rule	VERB
cpe-3873	93	25	out	out	ADP
cpe-3873	93	26	alterna­	alterna­	PROPN
cpe-3873	93	27	tives	tive	NOUN
cpe-3873	93	28	.	.	PUNCT
cpe-3873	94	1	directed	direct	VERB
cpe-3873	94	2	acyclic	acyclic	ADJ
cpe-3873	94	3	graphs	graph	NOUN
cpe-3873	94	4	so	so	ADV
cpe-3873	94	5	far	far	ADV
cpe-3873	94	6	,	,	PUNCT
cpe-3873	94	7	we	we	PRON
cpe-3873	94	8	have	have	AUX
cpe-3873	94	9	only	only	ADV
cpe-3873	94	10	addressed	address	VERB
cpe-3873	94	11	direction	direction	NOUN
cpe-3873	94	12	of	of	ADP
cpe-3873	94	13	bias	bias	NOUN
cpe-3873	94	14	but	but	CCONJ
cpe-3873	94	15	not	not	PART
cpe-3873	94	16	when	when	SCONJ
cpe-3873	94	17	and	and	CCONJ
cpe-3873	94	18	how	how	SCONJ
cpe-3873	94	19	bias	bias	NOUN
cpe-3873	94	20	can	can	AUX
cpe-3873	94	21	be	be	AUX
cpe-3873	94	22	removed	remove	VERB
cpe-3873	94	23	.	.	PUNCT
cpe-3873	95	1	in	in	ADP
cpe-3873	95	2	the	the	DET
cpe-3873	95	3	supplementary	supplementary	ADJ
cpe-3873	95	4	materials	material	NOUN
cpe-3873	95	5	,	,	PUNCT
cpe-3873	95	6	we	we	PRON
cpe-3873	95	7	revisit	revisit	VERB
cpe-3873	95	8	the	the	DET
cpe-3873	95	9	example	example	NOUN
cpe-3873	95	10	of	of	ADP
cpe-3873	95	11	the	the	DET
cpe-3873	95	12	effect	effect	NOUN
cpe-3873	95	13	of	of	ADP
cpe-3873	95	14	ct	ct	PRON
cpe-3873	95	15	on	on	ADP
cpe-3873	95	16	de	de	X
cpe-3873	95	17	to	to	PART
cpe-3873	95	18	outline	outline	VERB
cpe-3873	95	19	the	the	DET
cpe-3873	95	20	qualitative	qualitative	ADJ
cpe-3873	95	21	answers	answer	NOUN
cpe-3873	95	22	that	that	SCONJ
cpe-3873	95	23	the	the	DET
cpe-3873	95	24	qualitative	qualitative	ADJ
cpe-3873	95	25	method	method	NOUN
cpe-3873	95	26	of	of	ADP
cpe-3873	95	27	dags	dag	NOUN
cpe-3873	95	28	provides	provide	VERB
cpe-3873	95	29	,	,	PUNCT
cpe-3873	95	30	including	include	VERB
cpe-3873	95	31	the	the	DET
cpe-3873	95	32	subsequent	subsequent	ADJ
cpe-3873	95	33	study	study	NOUN
cpe-3873	95	34	design	design	NOUN
cpe-3873	95	35	and	and	CCONJ
cpe-3873	95	36	analysis	analysis	NOUN
cpe-3873	95	37	that	that	SCONJ
cpe-3873	95	38	a	a	DET
cpe-3873	95	39	particular	particular	ADJ
cpe-3873	95	40	dag	dag	PROPN
cpe-3873	95	41	model	model	NOUN
cpe-3873	95	42	may	may	AUX
cpe-3873	95	43	give	give	VERB
cpe-3873	95	44	rise	rise	NOUN
cpe-3873	95	45	to	to	ADP
cpe-3873	95	46	.	.	PUNCT
cpe-3873	96	1	the	the	DET
cpe-3873	96	2	example	example	NOUN
cpe-3873	96	3	uses	use	VERB
cpe-3873	96	4	a	a	DET
cpe-3873	96	5	model	model	NOUN
cpe-3873	96	6	with	with	ADP
cpe-3873	96	7	four	four	NUM
cpe-3873	96	8	common	common	ADJ
cpe-3873	96	9	causes	cause	NOUN
cpe-3873	96	10	and	and	CCONJ
cpe-3873	96	11	causal	causal	ADJ
cpe-3873	96	12	relations	relation	NOUN
cpe-3873	96	13	among	among	ADP
cpe-3873	96	14	them	they	PRON
cpe-3873	96	15	.	.	PUNCT
cpe-3873	97	1	it	it	PRON
cpe-3873	97	2	reveals	reveal	VERB
cpe-3873	97	3	that	that	SCONJ
cpe-3873	97	4	adjustment	adjustment	NOUN
cpe-3873	97	5	for	for	ADP
cpe-3873	97	6	them	they	PRON
cpe-3873	97	7	is	be	AUX
cpe-3873	97	8	possible	possible	ADJ
cpe-3873	97	9	in	in	ADP
cpe-3873	97	10	subsequent	subsequent	ADJ
cpe-3873	97	11	quantitative	quantitative	ADJ
cpe-3873	97	12	analysis	analysis	NOUN
cpe-3873	97	13	(	(	PUNCT
cpe-3873	97	14	whereby	whereby	SCONJ
cpe-3873	97	15	one	one	NUM
cpe-3873	97	16	shared	share	VERB
cpe-3873	97	17	cause	cause	NOUN
cpe-3873	97	18	does	do	AUX
cpe-3873	97	19	not	not	PART
cpe-3873	97	20	require	require	VERB
cpe-3873	97	21	adjustment	adjustment	NOUN
cpe-3873	97	22	)	)	PUNCT
cpe-3873	97	23	.	.	PUNCT
cpe-3873	98	1	importantly	importantly	ADV
cpe-3873	98	2	,	,	PUNCT
cpe-3873	98	3	dags	dag	NOUN
cpe-3873	98	4	may	may	AUX
cpe-3873	98	5	include	include	VERB
cpe-3873	98	6	effects	effect	NOUN
cpe-3873	98	7	of	of	ADP
cpe-3873	98	8	unchangeable	unchangeable	ADJ
cpe-3873	98	9	factors	factor	NOUN
cpe-3873	98	10	like	like	ADP
cpe-3873	98	11	“	"	PUNCT
cpe-3873	98	12	socio	socio	NOUN
cpe-3873	98	13	-	-	PUNCT
cpe-3873	98	14	econom­	econom­	NOUN
cpe-3873	98	15	ical	ical	ADJ
cpe-3873	98	16	family	family	NOUN
cpe-3873	98	17	status	status	NOUN
cpe-3873	98	18	”	"	PUNCT
cpe-3873	98	19	in	in	ADP
cpe-3873	98	20	the	the	DET
cpe-3873	98	21	example	example	NOUN
cpe-3873	98	22	where	where	SCONJ
cpe-3873	98	23	the	the	DET
cpe-3873	98	24	counterfactual	counterfactual	ADJ
cpe-3873	98	25	conception	conception	NOUN
cpe-3873	98	26	of	of	ADP
cpe-3873	98	27	an	an	DET
cpe-3873	98	28	effect	effect	NOUN
cpe-3873	98	29	does	do	AUX
cpe-3873	98	30	not	not	PART
cpe-3873	98	31	apply	apply	VERB
cpe-3873	98	32	.	.	PUNCT
cpe-3873	99	1	the	the	DET
cpe-3873	99	2	conception	conception	NOUN
cpe-3873	99	3	,	,	PUNCT
cpe-3873	99	4	however	however	ADV
cpe-3873	99	5	,	,	PUNCT
cpe-3873	99	6	may	may	AUX
cpe-3873	99	7	be	be	AUX
cpe-3873	99	8	extended	extend	VERB
cpe-3873	99	9	to	to	PART
cpe-3873	99	10	include	include	VERB
cpe-3873	99	11	other	other	ADJ
cpe-3873	99	12	actors	actor	NOUN
cpe-3873	99	13	than	than	ADP
cpe-3873	99	14	humans	human	NOUN
cpe-3873	99	15	who	who	PRON
cpe-3873	99	16	could	could	AUX
cpe-3873	99	17	change	change	VERB
cpe-3873	99	18	an	an	DET
cpe-3873	99	19	x	x	X
cpe-3873	99	20	(	(	PUNCT
cpe-3873	99	21	bollen	bollen	PROPN
cpe-3873	99	22	&	&	CCONJ
cpe-3873	99	23	pearl	pearl	PROPN
cpe-3873	99	24	,	,	PUNCT
cpe-3873	99	25	2013	2013	NUM
cpe-3873	99	26	)	)	PUNCT
cpe-3873	99	27	.	.	PUNCT
cpe-3873	100	1	sometimes	sometimes	ADV
cpe-3873	100	2	such	such	DET
cpe-3873	100	3	an	an	DET
cpe-3873	100	4	actor	actor	NOUN
cpe-3873	100	5	is	be	AUX
cpe-3873	100	6	difficult	difficult	ADJ
cpe-3873	100	7	to	to	PART
cpe-3873	100	8	name	name	VERB
cpe-3873	100	9	let	let	VERB
cpe-3873	100	10	alone	alone	ADV
cpe-3873	100	11	to	to	PART
cpe-3873	100	12	translate	translate	VERB
cpe-3873	100	13	into	into	ADP
cpe-3873	100	14	a	a	DET
cpe-3873	100	15	mathematical	mathematical	ADJ
cpe-3873	100	16	model	model	NOUN
cpe-3873	100	17	,	,	PUNCT
cpe-3873	100	18	wherefore	wherefore	ADJ
cpe-3873	100	19	instances	instance	NOUN
cpe-3873	100	20	like	like	ADP
cpe-3873	100	21	“	"	PUNCT
cpe-3873	100	22	socio	socio	VERB
cpe-3873	100	23	-	-	PUNCT
cpe-3873	100	24	economical	economical	ADJ
cpe-3873	100	25	family	family	NOUN
cpe-3873	100	26	status	status	NOUN
cpe-3873	100	27	”	"	PUNCT
cpe-3873	100	28	are	be	AUX
cpe-3873	100	29	more	more	ADV
cpe-3873	100	30	suited	suited	ADJ
cpe-3873	100	31	“	"	PUNCT
cpe-3873	100	32	to	to	PART
cpe-3873	100	33	describe	describe	VERB
cpe-3873	100	34	something	something	PRON
cpe-3873	100	35	as	as	ADP
cpe-3873	100	36	a	a	DET
cpe-3873	100	37	cause	cause	NOUN
cpe-3873	100	38	”	"	PUNCT
cpe-3873	100	39	than	than	SCONJ
cpe-3873	100	40	to	to	PART
cpe-3873	100	41	“	"	PUNCT
cpe-3873	100	42	reasonably	reasonably	ADV
cpe-3873	100	43	define	define	VERB
cpe-3873	100	44	a	a	DET
cpe-3873	100	45	quantitative	quantitative	ADJ
cpe-3873	100	46	causal	causal	ADJ
cpe-3873	100	47	effect	effect	NOUN
cpe-3873	100	48	estimand	estimand	ADV
cpe-3873	100	49	”	"	PUNCT
cpe-3873	100	50	(	(	PUNCT
cpe-3873	100	51	vanderweele	vanderweele	NOUN
cpe-3873	100	52	,	,	PUNCT
cpe-3873	100	53	2016	2016	NUM
cpe-3873	100	54	)	)	PUNCT
cpe-3873	100	55	.	.	PUNCT
cpe-3873	101	1	qualitative	qualitative	ADJ
cpe-3873	101	2	assumptions	assumption	NOUN
cpe-3873	101	3	may	may	AUX
cpe-3873	101	4	make	make	VERB
cpe-3873	101	5	quantitative	quantitative	ADJ
cpe-3873	101	6	approaches	approach	NOUN
cpe-3873	101	7	seem	seem	VERB
cpe-3873	101	8	premature	premature	ADJ
cpe-3873	101	9	in	in	ADP
cpe-3873	101	10	contrary	contrary	ADV
cpe-3873	101	11	to	to	ADP
cpe-3873	101	12	the	the	DET
cpe-3873	101	13	above	above	ADJ
cpe-3873	101	14	instance	instance	NOUN
cpe-3873	101	15	,	,	PUNCT
cpe-3873	101	16	a	a	DET
cpe-3873	101	17	dag	dag	PROPN
cpe-3873	101	18	might	might	AUX
cpe-3873	101	19	reveal	reveal	VERB
cpe-3873	101	20	that	that	DET
cpe-3873	101	21	bias	bias	NOUN
cpe-3873	101	22	can	can	AUX
cpe-3873	101	23	not	not	PART
cpe-3873	101	24	be	be	AUX
cpe-3873	101	25	fully	fully	ADV
cpe-3873	101	26	elim­	elim­	NOUN
cpe-3873	101	27	inated	inate	VERB
cpe-3873	101	28	,	,	PUNCT
cpe-3873	101	29	or	or	CCONJ
cpe-3873	101	30	leave	leave	VERB
cpe-3873	101	31	open	open	ADJ
cpe-3873	101	32	whether	whether	SCONJ
cpe-3873	101	33	an	an	DET
cpe-3873	101	34	adjustment	adjustment	NOUN
cpe-3873	101	35	decreases	decrease	VERB
cpe-3873	101	36	or	or	CCONJ
cpe-3873	101	37	increases	increase	NOUN
cpe-3873	101	38	bias	bias	NOUN
cpe-3873	101	39	(	(	PUNCT
cpe-3873	101	40	morgan	morgan	PROPN
cpe-3873	101	41	&	&	CCONJ
cpe-3873	101	42	winship	winship	PROPN
cpe-3873	101	43	,	,	PUNCT
cpe-3873	101	44	2014	2014	NUM
cpe-3873	101	45	,	,	PUNCT
cpe-3873	101	46	chapter	chapter	NOUN
cpe-3873	101	47	3	3	NUM
cpe-3873	101	48	)	)	PUNCT
cpe-3873	101	49	.	.	PUNCT
cpe-3873	102	1	the	the	DET
cpe-3873	102	2	practical	practical	ADJ
cpe-3873	102	3	utility	utility	NOUN
cpe-3873	102	4	of	of	ADP
cpe-3873	102	5	dags	dag	NOUN
cpe-3873	102	6	for	for	ADP
cpe-3873	102	7	quantitative	quantitative	ADJ
cpe-3873	102	8	analysis	analysis	NOUN
cpe-3873	102	9	rises	rise	VERB
cpe-3873	102	10	with	with	ADP
cpe-3873	102	11	fewer	few	ADJ
cpe-3873	102	12	variables	variable	NOUN
cpe-3873	102	13	in	in	ADP
cpe-3873	102	14	them	they	PRON
cpe-3873	102	15	and	and	CCONJ
cpe-3873	102	16	the	the	DET
cpe-3873	102	17	number	number	NOUN
cpe-3873	102	18	of	of	ADP
cpe-3873	102	19	causal	causal	ADJ
cpe-3873	102	20	relations	relation	NOUN
cpe-3873	102	21	that	that	PRON
cpe-3873	102	22	can	can	AUX
cpe-3873	102	23	be	be	AUX
cpe-3873	102	24	assumed	assume	VERB
cpe-3873	102	25	höfler	höfler	NOUN
cpe-3873	102	26	,	,	PUNCT
cpe-3873	102	27	trautmann	trautmann	PROPN
cpe-3873	102	28	,	,	PUNCT
cpe-3873	102	29	&	&	CCONJ
cpe-3873	102	30	kanske	kanske	PROPN
cpe-3873	102	31	7	7	NUM
cpe-3873	102	32	clinical	clinical	ADJ
cpe-3873	102	33	psychology	psychology	NOUN
cpe-3873	102	34	in	in	ADP
cpe-3873	102	35	europe	europe	PROPN
cpe-3873	102	36	2021	2021	NUM
cpe-3873	102	37	,	,	PUNCT
cpe-3873	102	38	vol	vol	NOUN
cpe-3873	102	39	.	.	PUNCT
cpe-3873	102	40	3(2	3(2	NUM
cpe-3873	102	41	)	)	PUNCT
cpe-3873	102	42	,	,	PUNCT
cpe-3873	102	43	article	article	NOUN
cpe-3873	102	44	e3873	e3873	PRON
cpe-3873	102	45	https://doi.org/10.32872/cpe.3873	https://doi.org/10.32872/cpe.3873	VERB
cpe-3873	102	46	https://www.psychopen.eu/	https://www.psychopen.eu/	VERB
cpe-3873	102	47	not	not	PART
cpe-3873	102	48	to	to	PART
cpe-3873	102	49	exist	exist	VERB
cpe-3873	102	50	(	(	PUNCT
cpe-3873	102	51	greenland	greenland	NOUN
cpe-3873	102	52	,	,	PUNCT
cpe-3873	102	53	2017	2017	NUM
cpe-3873	102	54	)	)	PUNCT
cpe-3873	102	55	.	.	PUNCT
cpe-3873	103	1	however	however	ADV
cpe-3873	103	2	,	,	PUNCT
cpe-3873	103	3	setting	set	VERB
cpe-3873	103	4	up	up	ADP
cpe-3873	103	5	a	a	DET
cpe-3873	103	6	dag	dag	PROPN
cpe-3873	103	7	model	model	NOUN
cpe-3873	103	8	should	should	AUX
cpe-3873	103	9	reveal	reveal	VERB
cpe-3873	103	10	this	this	PRON
cpe-3873	103	11	.	.	PUNCT
cpe-3873	104	1	per	per	ADP
cpe-3873	104	2	se	se	X
cpe-3873	104	3	,	,	PUNCT
cpe-3873	104	4	a	a	DET
cpe-3873	104	5	dag	dag	PROPN
cpe-3873	104	6	renders	render	VERB
cpe-3873	104	7	all	all	DET
cpe-3873	104	8	associated	associated	ADJ
cpe-3873	104	9	assumptions	assumption	NOUN
cpe-3873	104	10	transparent	transparent	ADJ
cpe-3873	104	11	and	and	CCONJ
cpe-3873	104	12	invites	invite	VERB
cpe-3873	104	13	for	for	ADP
cpe-3873	104	14	debate	debate	NOUN
cpe-3873	104	15	and	and	CCONJ
cpe-3873	104	16	refinement	refinement	NOUN
cpe-3873	104	17	on	on	ADP
cpe-3873	104	18	them	they	PRON
cpe-3873	104	19	(	(	PUNCT
cpe-3873	104	20	the	the	DET
cpe-3873	104	21	reader	reader	NOUN
cpe-3873	104	22	might	might	AUX
cpe-3873	104	23	ask	ask	VERB
cpe-3873	104	24	herself	herself	PRON
cpe-3873	104	25	if	if	SCONJ
cpe-3873	104	26	this	this	PRON
cpe-3873	104	27	happens	happen	VERB
cpe-3873	104	28	with	with	ADP
cpe-3873	104	29	the	the	DET
cpe-3873	104	30	figure	figure	NOUN
cpe-3873	104	31	in	in	ADP
cpe-3873	104	32	the	the	DET
cpe-3873	104	33	supplementary	supplementary	ADJ
cpe-3873	104	34	materials	material	NOUN
cpe-3873	104	35	)	)	PUNCT
cpe-3873	104	36	.	.	PUNCT
cpe-3873	105	1	anyway	anyway	ADV
cpe-3873	105	2	,	,	PUNCT
cpe-3873	105	3	controversy	controversy	NOUN
cpe-3873	105	4	on	on	ADP
cpe-3873	105	5	a	a	DET
cpe-3873	105	6	model	model	NOUN
cpe-3873	105	7	might	might	AUX
cpe-3873	105	8	be	be	AUX
cpe-3873	105	9	so	so	ADV
cpe-3873	105	10	large	large	ADJ
cpe-3873	105	11	that	that	SCONJ
cpe-3873	105	12	grounding	ground	VERB
cpe-3873	105	13	a	a	DET
cpe-3873	105	14	study	study	NOUN
cpe-3873	105	15	and	and	CCONJ
cpe-3873	105	16	quantitative	quantitative	ADJ
cpe-3873	105	17	analysis	analysis	NOUN
cpe-3873	105	18	on	on	ADP
cpe-3873	105	19	it	it	PRON
cpe-3873	105	20	appears	appear	VERB
cpe-3873	105	21	unwarranted	unwarranted	ADJ
cpe-3873	105	22	(	(	PUNCT
cpe-3873	105	23	petersen	petersen	PROPN
cpe-3873	105	24	&	&	CCONJ
cpe-3873	105	25	van	van	PROPN
cpe-3873	105	26	der	der	PROPN
cpe-3873	105	27	laan	laan	PROPN
cpe-3873	105	28	,	,	PUNCT
cpe-3873	105	29	2014	2014	NUM
cpe-3873	105	30	)	)	PUNCT
cpe-3873	105	31	.	.	PUNCT
cpe-3873	106	1	also	also	ADV
cpe-3873	106	2	,	,	PUNCT
cpe-3873	106	3	if	if	SCONJ
cpe-3873	106	4	the	the	DET
cpe-3873	106	5	number	number	NOUN
cpe-3873	106	6	of	of	ADP
cpe-3873	106	7	potential	potential	ADJ
cpe-3873	106	8	common	common	ADJ
cpe-3873	106	9	causes	cause	NOUN
cpe-3873	106	10	is	be	AUX
cpe-3873	106	11	large	large	ADJ
cpe-3873	106	12	and	and	CCONJ
cpe-3873	106	13	there	there	PRON
cpe-3873	106	14	is	be	VERB
cpe-3873	106	15	no	no	DET
cpe-3873	106	16	way	way	NOUN
cpe-3873	106	17	to	to	PART
cpe-3873	106	18	prioritize	prioritize	VERB
cpe-3873	106	19	them	they	PRON
cpe-3873	106	20	for	for	ADP
cpe-3873	106	21	reducing	reduce	VERB
cpe-3873	106	22	bias	bias	NOUN
cpe-3873	106	23	,	,	PUNCT
cpe-3873	106	24	quantitative	quantitative	ADJ
cpe-3873	106	25	analysis	analysis	NOUN
cpe-3873	106	26	seems	seem	VERB
cpe-3873	106	27	premature	premature	ADJ
cpe-3873	106	28	.	.	PUNCT
cpe-3873	107	1	instead	instead	ADV
cpe-3873	107	2	,	,	PUNCT
cpe-3873	107	3	more	more	ADJ
cpe-3873	107	4	research	research	NOUN
cpe-3873	107	5	is	be	AUX
cpe-3873	107	6	required	require	VERB
cpe-3873	107	7	beforehand	beforehand	ADV
cpe-3873	107	8	to	to	PART
cpe-3873	107	9	set	set	VERB
cpe-3873	107	10	up	up	ADP
cpe-3873	107	11	a	a	DET
cpe-3873	107	12	defendable	defendable	ADJ
cpe-3873	107	13	dag	dag	NOUN
cpe-3873	107	14	.	.	PUNCT
cpe-3873	108	1	an	an	DET
cpe-3873	108	2	example	example	NOUN
cpe-3873	108	3	is	be	AUX
cpe-3873	108	4	the	the	DET
cpe-3873	108	5	effect	effect	NOUN
cpe-3873	108	6	of	of	ADP
cpe-3873	108	7	inter­	inter­	NUM
cpe-3873	108	8	nalizing	nalizing	NOUN
cpe-3873	108	9	symptoms	symptom	NOUN
cpe-3873	108	10	on	on	ADP
cpe-3873	108	11	substance	substance	NOUN
cpe-3873	108	12	use	use	NOUN
cpe-3873	108	13	where	where	SCONJ
cpe-3873	108	14	common	common	ADJ
cpe-3873	108	15	causes	cause	NOUN
cpe-3873	108	16	may	may	AUX
cpe-3873	108	17	include	include	VERB
cpe-3873	108	18	a	a	DET
cpe-3873	108	19	variety	variety	NOUN
cpe-3873	108	20	of	of	ADP
cpe-3873	108	21	genetic	genetic	ADJ
cpe-3873	108	22	,	,	PUNCT
cpe-3873	108	23	parental	parental	ADJ
cpe-3873	108	24	,	,	PUNCT
cpe-3873	108	25	childhood	childhood	NOUN
cpe-3873	108	26	,	,	PUNCT
cpe-3873	108	27	personality	personality	NOUN
cpe-3873	108	28	and	and	CCONJ
cpe-3873	108	29	environmental	environmental	ADJ
cpe-3873	108	30	factors	factor	NOUN
cpe-3873	108	31	,	,	PUNCT
cpe-3873	108	32	as	as	ADV
cpe-3873	108	33	well	well	ADV
cpe-3873	108	34	as	as	ADP
cpe-3873	108	35	all	all	DET
cpe-3873	108	36	sorts	sort	NOUN
cpe-3873	108	37	of	of	ADP
cpe-3873	108	38	individual	individual	ADJ
cpe-3873	108	39	variables	variable	NOUN
cpe-3873	108	40	related	relate	VERB
cpe-3873	108	41	to	to	ADP
cpe-3873	108	42	neurobiological	neurobiological	ADJ
cpe-3873	108	43	,	,	PUNCT
cpe-3873	108	44	cognitive	cognitive	ADJ
cpe-3873	108	45	and	and	CCONJ
cpe-3873	108	46	emotional	emotional	ADJ
cpe-3873	108	47	processes	process	NOUN
cpe-3873	108	48	(	(	PUNCT
cpe-3873	108	49	pasche	pasche	NOUN
cpe-3873	108	50	,	,	PUNCT
cpe-3873	108	51	2012	2012	NUM
cpe-3873	108	52	)	)	PUNCT
cpe-3873	108	53	.	.	PUNCT
cpe-3873	109	1	conclusions	conclusion	NOUN
cpe-3873	109	2	no	no	DET
cpe-3873	109	3	method	method	NOUN
cpe-3873	109	4	can	can	AUX
cpe-3873	109	5	fully	fully	ADV
cpe-3873	109	6	cover	cover	VERB
cpe-3873	109	7	all	all	DET
cpe-3873	109	8	aspects	aspect	NOUN
cpe-3873	109	9	of	of	ADP
cpe-3873	109	10	causality	causality	NOUN
cpe-3873	109	11	across	across	ADP
cpe-3873	109	12	research	research	NOUN
cpe-3873	109	13	fields	field	NOUN
cpe-3873	109	14	and	and	CCONJ
cpe-3873	109	15	specific	specific	ADJ
cpe-3873	109	16	applications	application	NOUN
cpe-3873	109	17	,	,	PUNCT
cpe-3873	109	18	especially	especially	ADV
cpe-3873	109	19	in	in	ADP
cpe-3873	109	20	a	a	DET
cpe-3873	109	21	life	life	NOUN
cpe-3873	109	22	science	science	NOUN
cpe-3873	109	23	as	as	ADV
cpe-3873	109	24	complex	complex	ADJ
cpe-3873	109	25	as	as	ADP
cpe-3873	109	26	clinical	clinical	ADJ
cpe-3873	109	27	psychology	psychology	NOUN
cpe-3873	109	28	(	(	PUNCT
cpe-3873	109	29	greenland	greenland	PROPN
cpe-3873	109	30	,	,	PUNCT
cpe-3873	109	31	2017	2017	NUM
cpe-3873	109	32	)	)	PUNCT
cpe-3873	109	33	,	,	PUNCT
cpe-3873	109	34	and	and	CCONJ
cpe-3873	109	35	“	"	PUNCT
cpe-3873	109	36	there	there	PRON
cpe-3873	109	37	is	be	VERB
cpe-3873	109	38	no	no	DET
cpe-3873	109	39	universal	universal	ADJ
cpe-3873	109	40	method	method	NOUN
cpe-3873	109	41	of	of	ADP
cpe-3873	109	42	scientific	scientific	ADJ
cpe-3873	109	43	inference	inference	NOUN
cpe-3873	109	44	”	"	PUNCT
cpe-3873	109	45	(	(	PUNCT
cpe-3873	109	46	gigerenzer	gigerenzer	NOUN
cpe-3873	109	47	&	&	CCONJ
cpe-3873	109	48	marewski	marewski	PROPN
cpe-3873	109	49	,	,	PUNCT
cpe-3873	109	50	2014	2014	NUM
cpe-3873	109	51	)	)	PUNCT
cpe-3873	109	52	.	.	PUNCT
cpe-3873	110	1	likewise	likewise	ADV
cpe-3873	110	2	,	,	PUNCT
cpe-3873	110	3	a	a	DET
cpe-3873	110	4	causal	causal	ADJ
cpe-3873	110	5	query	query	NOUN
cpe-3873	110	6	can	can	AUX
cpe-3873	110	7	never	never	ADV
cpe-3873	110	8	be	be	AUX
cpe-3873	110	9	fully	fully	ADV
cpe-3873	110	10	objective	objective	ADJ
cpe-3873	110	11	,	,	PUNCT
cpe-3873	110	12	because	because	SCONJ
cpe-3873	110	13	it	it	PRON
cpe-3873	110	14	always	always	ADV
cpe-3873	110	15	involves	involve	VERB
cpe-3873	110	16	assumptions	assumption	NOUN
cpe-3873	110	17	beyond	beyond	ADP
cpe-3873	110	18	the	the	DET
cpe-3873	110	19	data	datum	NOUN
cpe-3873	110	20	(	(	PUNCT
cpe-3873	110	21	greenland	greenland	NOUN
cpe-3873	110	22	,	,	PUNCT
cpe-3873	110	23	2005b	2005b	NUM
cpe-3873	110	24	)	)	PUNCT
cpe-3873	110	25	.	.	PUNCT
cpe-3873	111	1	in	in	ADP
cpe-3873	111	2	sharp	sharp	ADJ
cpe-3873	111	3	contrast	contrast	NOUN
cpe-3873	111	4	,	,	PUNCT
cpe-3873	111	5	researchers	researcher	NOUN
cpe-3873	111	6	tend	tend	VERB
cpe-3873	111	7	to	to	PART
cpe-3873	111	8	“	"	PUNCT
cpe-3873	111	9	mechanizing	mechanize	VERB
cpe-3873	111	10	scientists	scientist	NOUN
cpe-3873	111	11	’	'	PUNCT
cpe-3873	111	12	inferences	inference	VERB
cpe-3873	111	13	”	"	PUNCT
cpe-3873	111	14	(	(	PUNCT
cpe-3873	111	15	gigerenzer	gigerenzer	NOUN
cpe-3873	111	16	&	&	CCONJ
cpe-3873	111	17	marewski	marewski	PROPN
cpe-3873	111	18	,	,	PUNCT
cpe-3873	111	19	2014	2014	NUM
cpe-3873	111	20	)	)	PUNCT
cpe-3873	111	21	and	and	CCONJ
cpe-3873	111	22	downgrade	downgrade	VERB
cpe-3873	111	23	methods	method	NOUN
cpe-3873	111	24	from	from	ADP
cpe-3873	111	25	tools	tool	NOUN
cpe-3873	111	26	for	for	ADP
cpe-3873	111	27	thoughtful	thoughtful	ADJ
cpe-3873	111	28	cooperation	cooperation	NOUN
cpe-3873	111	29	between	between	ADP
cpe-3873	111	30	methodologists	methodologist	NOUN
cpe-3873	111	31	and	and	CCONJ
cpe-3873	111	32	substantive	substantive	ADJ
cpe-3873	111	33	experts	expert	NOUN
cpe-3873	111	34	(	(	PUNCT
cpe-3873	111	35	höfler	höfler	NOUN
cpe-3873	111	36	,	,	PUNCT
cpe-3873	111	37	venz	venz	PROPN
cpe-3873	111	38	,	,	PUNCT
cpe-3873	111	39	trautmann	trautmann	PROPN
cpe-3873	111	40	,	,	PUNCT
cpe-3873	111	41	&	&	CCONJ
cpe-3873	111	42	miller	miller	PROPN
cpe-3873	111	43	,	,	PUNCT
cpe-3873	111	44	2018	2018	NUM
cpe-3873	111	45	)	)	PUNCT
cpe-3873	111	46	into	into	ADP
cpe-3873	111	47	empty	empty	ADJ
cpe-3873	111	48	rituals	ritual	NOUN
cpe-3873	111	49	(	(	PUNCT
cpe-3873	111	50	gigerenzer	gigerenzer	NOUN
cpe-3873	111	51	,	,	PUNCT
cpe-3873	111	52	2018	2018	NUM
cpe-3873	111	53	)	)	PUNCT
cpe-3873	111	54	.	.	PUNCT
cpe-3873	112	1	in	in	ADP
cpe-3873	112	2	this	this	DET
cpe-3873	112	3	article	article	NOUN
cpe-3873	112	4	,	,	PUNCT
cpe-3873	112	5	we	we	PRON
cpe-3873	112	6	have	have	AUX
cpe-3873	112	7	outlined	outline	VERB
cpe-3873	112	8	some	some	DET
cpe-3873	112	9	qualitative	qualitative	ADJ
cpe-3873	112	10	approaches	approach	NOUN
cpe-3873	112	11	through	through	ADP
cpe-3873	112	12	which	which	PRON
cpe-3873	112	13	one	one	PRON
cpe-3873	112	14	may	may	AUX
cpe-3873	112	15	approach	approach	VERB
cpe-3873	112	16	a	a	DET
cpe-3873	112	17	crude	crude	ADJ
cpe-3873	112	18	causal	causal	NOUN
cpe-3873	112	19	answer	answer	NOUN
cpe-3873	112	20	on	on	ADP
cpe-3873	112	21	an	an	DET
cpe-3873	112	22	average	average	ADJ
cpe-3873	112	23	effect	effect	NOUN
cpe-3873	112	24	,	,	PUNCT
cpe-3873	112	25	plan	plan	VERB
cpe-3873	112	26	a	a	DET
cpe-3873	112	27	quantitative	quantitative	ADJ
cpe-3873	112	28	analysis	analysis	NOUN
cpe-3873	112	29	or	or	CCONJ
cpe-3873	112	30	unravel	unravel	VERB
cpe-3873	112	31	that	that	SCONJ
cpe-3873	112	32	any	any	DET
cpe-3873	112	33	analysis	analysis	NOUN
cpe-3873	112	34	is	be	AUX
cpe-3873	112	35	currently	currently	ADV
cpe-3873	112	36	infeasible	infeasible	ADJ
cpe-3873	112	37	.	.	PUNCT
cpe-3873	113	1	in	in	ADP
cpe-3873	113	2	fact	fact	NOUN
cpe-3873	113	3	,	,	PUNCT
cpe-3873	113	4	any	any	DET
cpe-3873	113	5	causal	causal	ADJ
cpe-3873	113	6	quest	quest	NOUN
cpe-3873	113	7	must	must	AUX
cpe-3873	113	8	start	start	VERB
cpe-3873	113	9	with	with	ADP
cpe-3873	113	10	qualification	qualification	NOUN
cpe-3873	113	11	because	because	SCONJ
cpe-3873	113	12	otherwise	otherwise	ADV
cpe-3873	113	13	it	it	PRON
cpe-3873	113	14	would	would	AUX
cpe-3873	113	15	be	be	AUX
cpe-3873	113	16	just	just	ADV
cpe-3873	113	17	a	a	DET
cpe-3873	113	18	mechanical	mechanical	ADJ
cpe-3873	113	19	exercise	exercise	NOUN
cpe-3873	113	20	.	.	PUNCT
cpe-3873	114	1	the	the	DET
cpe-3873	114	2	qualitative	qualitative	ADJ
cpe-3873	114	3	conceptions	conception	NOUN
cpe-3873	114	4	outlined	outline	VERB
cpe-3873	114	5	here	here	ADV
cpe-3873	114	6	are	be	AUX
cpe-3873	114	7	meant	mean	VERB
cpe-3873	114	8	as	as	ADP
cpe-3873	114	9	provisory	provisory	ADJ
cpe-3873	114	10	heuristics	heuristic	NOUN
cpe-3873	114	11	that	that	PRON
cpe-3873	114	12	must	must	AUX
cpe-3873	114	13	not	not	PART
cpe-3873	114	14	be	be	AUX
cpe-3873	114	15	ritualized	ritualize	VERB
cpe-3873	114	16	but	but	CCONJ
cpe-3873	114	17	should	should	AUX
cpe-3873	114	18	be	be	AUX
cpe-3873	114	19	taken	take	VERB
cpe-3873	114	20	as	as	ADP
cpe-3873	114	21	invitations	invitation	NOUN
cpe-3873	114	22	for	for	ADP
cpe-3873	114	23	refinement	refinement	NOUN
cpe-3873	114	24	and	and	CCONJ
cpe-3873	114	25	adjustment	adjustment	NOUN
cpe-3873	114	26	to	to	ADP
cpe-3873	114	27	any	any	DET
cpe-3873	114	28	particular	particular	ADJ
cpe-3873	114	29	application	application	NOUN
cpe-3873	114	30	.	.	PUNCT
cpe-3873	115	1	above	above	ADP
cpe-3873	115	2	all	all	PRON
cpe-3873	115	3	,	,	PUNCT
cpe-3873	115	4	the	the	DET
cpe-3873	115	5	two	two	NUM
cpe-3873	115	6	possible	possible	ADJ
cpe-3873	115	7	errors	error	NOUN
cpe-3873	115	8	in	in	ADP
cpe-3873	115	9	causal	causal	ADJ
cpe-3873	115	10	conclusions	conclusion	NOUN
cpe-3873	115	11	should	should	AUX
cpe-3873	115	12	guide	guide	VERB
cpe-3873	115	13	causal	causal	ADJ
cpe-3873	115	14	quests	quest	NOUN
cpe-3873	115	15	and	and	CCONJ
cpe-3873	115	16	the	the	DET
cpe-3873	115	17	decision	decision	NOUN
cpe-3873	115	18	on	on	ADP
cpe-3873	115	19	whether	whether	SCONJ
cpe-3873	115	20	the	the	DET
cpe-3873	115	21	use	use	NOUN
cpe-3873	115	22	of	of	ADP
cpe-3873	115	23	a	a	DET
cpe-3873	115	24	highly	highly	ADV
cpe-3873	115	25	formal	formal	ADJ
cpe-3873	115	26	method	method	NOUN
cpe-3873	115	27	pays	pay	VERB
cpe-3873	115	28	off	off	ADP
cpe-3873	115	29	(	(	PUNCT
cpe-3873	115	30	greenland	greenland	NOUN
cpe-3873	115	31	,	,	PUNCT
cpe-3873	115	32	2012	2012	NUM
cpe-3873	115	33	):	):	PUNCT
cpe-3873	115	34	false	false	ADJ
cpe-3873	115	35	positive	positive	ADJ
cpe-3873	115	36	and	and	CCONJ
cpe-3873	115	37	false	false	ADJ
cpe-3873	115	38	negative	negative	ADJ
cpe-3873	115	39	.	.	PUNCT
cpe-3873	116	1	statistical	statistical	ADJ
cpe-3873	116	2	decision	decision	NOUN
cpe-3873	116	3	theory	theory	NOUN
cpe-3873	116	4	provides	provide	VERB
cpe-3873	116	5	the	the	DET
cpe-3873	116	6	frame­	frame­	NOUN
cpe-3873	116	7	work	work	NOUN
cpe-3873	116	8	to	to	PART
cpe-3873	116	9	formalize	formalize	VERB
cpe-3873	116	10	the	the	DET
cpe-3873	116	11	balance	balance	NOUN
cpe-3873	116	12	between	between	ADP
cpe-3873	116	13	false	false	ADJ
cpe-3873	116	14	positive	positive	ADJ
cpe-3873	116	15	and	and	CCONJ
cpe-3873	116	16	false	false	ADJ
cpe-3873	116	17	negative	negative	ADJ
cpe-3873	116	18	causal	causal	ADJ
cpe-3873	116	19	conclu­	conclu­	PROPN
cpe-3873	116	20	sions	sion	NOUN
cpe-3873	116	21	.	.	PUNCT
cpe-3873	117	1	it	it	PRON
cpe-3873	117	2	states	state	VERB
cpe-3873	117	3	that	that	SCONJ
cpe-3873	117	4	the	the	DET
cpe-3873	117	5	better	well	ADJ
cpe-3873	117	6	decision	decision	NOUN
cpe-3873	117	7	is	be	AUX
cpe-3873	117	8	the	the	DET
cpe-3873	117	9	one	one	NUM
cpe-3873	117	10	with	with	ADP
cpe-3873	117	11	the	the	DET
cpe-3873	117	12	lower	low	ADJ
cpe-3873	117	13	expected	expect	VERB
cpe-3873	117	14	costs	cost	NOUN
cpe-3873	117	15	(	(	PUNCT
cpe-3873	117	16	dawid	dawid	NOUN
cpe-3873	117	17	,	,	PUNCT
cpe-3873	117	18	2012	2012	NUM
cpe-3873	117	19	)	)	PUNCT
cpe-3873	117	20	.	.	PUNCT
cpe-3873	118	1	thoughtful	thoughtful	ADJ
cpe-3873	118	2	causal	causal	ADJ
cpe-3873	118	3	quests	quest	NOUN
cpe-3873	118	4	are	be	AUX
cpe-3873	118	5	essential	essential	ADJ
cpe-3873	118	6	for	for	ADP
cpe-3873	118	7	explaining	explain	VERB
cpe-3873	118	8	why	why	SCONJ
cpe-3873	118	9	phenomena	phenomenon	NOUN
cpe-3873	118	10	occur	occur	VERB
cpe-3873	118	11	the	the	DET
cpe-3873	118	12	way	way	NOUN
cpe-3873	118	13	they	they	PRON
cpe-3873	118	14	do	do	VERB
cpe-3873	118	15	and	and	CCONJ
cpe-3873	118	16	in	in	ADP
cpe-3873	118	17	providing	provide	VERB
cpe-3873	118	18	levers	lever	NOUN
cpe-3873	118	19	through	through	ADP
cpe-3873	118	20	which	which	PRON
cpe-3873	118	21	things	thing	NOUN
cpe-3873	118	22	could	could	AUX
cpe-3873	118	23	be	be	AUX
cpe-3873	118	24	changed	change	VERB
cpe-3873	118	25	,	,	PUNCT
cpe-3873	118	26	for	for	ADP
cpe-3873	118	27	instance	instance	NOUN
cpe-3873	118	28	,	,	PUNCT
cpe-3873	118	29	in	in	ADP
cpe-3873	118	30	preventing	prevent	VERB
cpe-3873	118	31	disorders	disorder	NOUN
cpe-3873	118	32	and	and	CCONJ
cpe-3873	118	33	improving	improve	VERB
cpe-3873	118	34	life	life	NOUN
cpe-3873	118	35	.	.	PUNCT
cpe-3873	119	1	assessing	assess	VERB
cpe-3873	119	2	causality	causality	NOUN
cpe-3873	119	3	is	be	AUX
cpe-3873	119	4	complex	complex	ADJ
cpe-3873	119	5	,	,	PUNCT
cpe-3873	119	6	demanding	demanding	ADJ
cpe-3873	119	7	and	and	CCONJ
cpe-3873	119	8	qualitative	qualitative	ADJ
cpe-3873	119	9	approximations	approximation	NOUN
cpe-3873	119	10	to	to	ADP
cpe-3873	119	11	causality	causality	NOUN
cpe-3873	119	12	8	8	NUM
cpe-3873	119	13	clinical	clinical	ADJ
cpe-3873	119	14	psychology	psychology	NOUN
cpe-3873	119	15	in	in	ADP
cpe-3873	119	16	europe	europe	PROPN
cpe-3873	119	17	2021	2021	NUM
cpe-3873	119	18	,	,	PUNCT
cpe-3873	119	19	vol	vol	NOUN
cpe-3873	119	20	.	.	PUNCT
cpe-3873	119	21	3(2	3(2	NUM
cpe-3873	119	22	)	)	PUNCT
cpe-3873	119	23	,	,	PUNCT
cpe-3873	119	24	article	article	NOUN
cpe-3873	119	25	e3873	e3873	PRON
cpe-3873	119	26	https://doi.org/10.32872/cpe.3873	https://doi.org/10.32872/cpe.3873	VERB
cpe-3873	119	27	https://www.psychopen.eu/	https://www.psychopen.eu/	VERB
cpe-3873	119	28	ambivalent	ambivalent	ADJ
cpe-3873	119	29	,	,	PUNCT
cpe-3873	119	30	but	but	CCONJ
cpe-3873	119	31	so	so	ADV
cpe-3873	119	32	is	be	AUX
cpe-3873	119	33	science	science	NOUN
cpe-3873	119	34	.	.	PUNCT
cpe-3873	120	1	however	however	ADV
cpe-3873	120	2	,	,	PUNCT
cpe-3873	120	3	it	it	PRON
cpe-3873	120	4	makes	make	VERB
cpe-3873	120	5	use	use	NOUN
cpe-3873	120	6	of	of	ADP
cpe-3873	120	7	the	the	DET
cpe-3873	120	8	natural	natural	ADJ
cpe-3873	120	9	capacity	capacity	NOUN
cpe-3873	120	10	of	of	ADP
cpe-3873	120	11	causal	causal	ADJ
cpe-3873	120	12	modelling	modelling	NOUN
cpe-3873	120	13	which	which	PRON
cpe-3873	120	14	is	be	AUX
cpe-3873	120	15	deeply	deeply	ADV
cpe-3873	120	16	grounded	ground	VERB
cpe-3873	120	17	in	in	ADP
cpe-3873	120	18	us	we	PRON
cpe-3873	120	19	human	human	ADJ
cpe-3873	120	20	beings	being	NOUN
cpe-3873	120	21	and	and	CCONJ
cpe-3873	120	22	structures	structure	NOUN
cpe-3873	120	23	how	how	SCONJ
cpe-3873	120	24	we	we	PRON
cpe-3873	120	25	view	view	VERB
cpe-3873	120	26	the	the	DET
cpe-3873	120	27	world	world	NOUN
cpe-3873	120	28	(	(	PUNCT
cpe-3873	120	29	pearl	pearl	NOUN
cpe-3873	120	30	&	&	CCONJ
cpe-3873	120	31	mackenzie	mackenzie	NOUN
cpe-3873	120	32	,	,	PUNCT
cpe-3873	120	33	2018	2018	NUM
cpe-3873	120	34	)	)	PUNCT
cpe-3873	120	35	.	.	PUNCT
cpe-3873	121	1	funding	funding	NOUN
cpe-3873	121	2	:	:	PUNCT
cpe-3873	121	3	the	the	DET
cpe-3873	121	4	authors	author	NOUN
cpe-3873	121	5	have	have	VERB
cpe-3873	121	6	no	no	DET
cpe-3873	121	7	funding	funding	NOUN
cpe-3873	121	8	to	to	PART
cpe-3873	121	9	report	report	VERB
cpe-3873	121	10	.	.	PUNCT
cpe-3873	122	1	acknowledgments	acknowledgment	NOUN
cpe-3873	122	2	:	:	PUNCT
cpe-3873	122	3	we	we	PRON
cpe-3873	122	4	wish	wish	VERB
cpe-3873	122	5	to	to	PART
cpe-3873	122	6	thank	thank	VERB
cpe-3873	122	7	konrad	konrad	PROPN
cpe-3873	122	8	lehmann	lehmann	PROPN
cpe-3873	122	9	for	for	ADP
cpe-3873	122	10	the	the	DET
cpe-3873	122	11	layout	layout	NOUN
cpe-3873	122	12	of	of	ADP
cpe-3873	122	13	the	the	DET
cpe-3873	122	14	figure	figure	NOUN
cpe-3873	122	15	.	.	PUNCT
cpe-3873	123	1	competing	compete	VERB
cpe-3873	123	2	interests	interest	NOUN
cpe-3873	123	3	:	:	PUNCT
cpe-3873	123	4	the	the	DET
cpe-3873	123	5	authors	author	NOUN
cpe-3873	123	6	have	have	AUX
cpe-3873	123	7	declared	declare	VERB
cpe-3873	123	8	that	that	SCONJ
cpe-3873	123	9	no	no	DET
cpe-3873	123	10	competing	compete	VERB
cpe-3873	123	11	interests	interest	NOUN
cpe-3873	123	12	exist	exist	VERB
cpe-3873	123	13	.	.	PUNCT
cpe-3873	124	1	supplementary	supplementary	ADJ
cpe-3873	124	2	materials	material	NOUN
cpe-3873	124	3	the	the	DET
cpe-3873	124	4	supplement	supplement	NOUN
cpe-3873	124	5	provides	provide	VERB
cpe-3873	124	6	additions	addition	NOUN
cpe-3873	124	7	to	to	ADP
cpe-3873	124	8	the	the	DET
cpe-3873	124	9	paper	paper	NOUN
cpe-3873	124	10	,	,	PUNCT
cpe-3873	124	11	namely	namely	ADV
cpe-3873	124	12	other	other	ADJ
cpe-3873	124	13	sources	source	NOUN
cpe-3873	124	14	of	of	ADP
cpe-3873	124	15	bias	bias	NOUN
cpe-3873	124	16	than	than	ADP
cpe-3873	124	17	confounding	confound	VERB
cpe-3873	124	18	,	,	PUNCT
cpe-3873	124	19	and	and	CCONJ
cpe-3873	124	20	futher	futher	VERB
cpe-3873	124	21	popular	popular	ADJ
cpe-3873	124	22	approaches	approach	NOUN
cpe-3873	124	23	to	to	ADP
cpe-3873	124	24	causality	causality	NOUN
cpe-3873	124	25	besides	besides	SCONJ
cpe-3873	124	26	those	those	PRON
cpe-3873	124	27	from	from	ADP
cpe-3873	124	28	the	the	DET
cpe-3873	124	29	new	new	ADJ
cpe-3873	124	30	toolbox	toolbox	NOUN
cpe-3873	124	31	and	and	CCONJ
cpe-3873	124	32	granger	granger	PROPN
cpe-3873	124	33	causality	causality	PROPN
cpe-3873	124	34	.	.	PUNCT
cpe-3873	125	1	besides	besides	SCONJ
cpe-3873	125	2	,	,	PUNCT
cpe-3873	125	3	it	it	PRON
cpe-3873	125	4	addresses	address	VERB
cpe-3873	125	5	the	the	DET
cpe-3873	125	6	example	example	NOUN
cpe-3873	125	7	of	of	ADP
cpe-3873	125	8	the	the	DET
cpe-3873	125	9	effect	effect	NOUN
cpe-3873	125	10	of	of	ADP
cpe-3873	125	11	childhood	childhood	NOUN
cpe-3873	125	12	trauma	trauma	NOUN
cpe-3873	125	13	(	(	PUNCT
cpe-3873	125	14	factor	factor	NOUN
cpe-3873	125	15	x	x	NOUN
cpe-3873	125	16	=	=	SYM
cpe-3873	125	17	ct	ct	PROPN
cpe-3873	125	18	)	)	PUNCT
cpe-3873	125	19	on	on	ADP
cpe-3873	125	20	depression	depression	NOUN
cpe-3873	125	21	(	(	PUNCT
cpe-3873	125	22	outcome	outcome	NOUN
cpe-3873	125	23	y	y	NOUN
cpe-3873	125	24	=	=	SYM
cpe-3873	125	25	de	de	X
cpe-3873	125	26	)	)	PUNCT
cpe-3873	125	27	using	use	VERB
cpe-3873	125	28	a	a	DET
cpe-3873	125	29	dag	dag	NOUN
cpe-3873	125	30	(	(	PUNCT
cpe-3873	125	31	directed	direct	VERB
cpe-3873	125	32	acyclic	acyclic	ADJ
cpe-3873	125	33	graph	graph	NOUN
cpe-3873	125	34	)	)	PUNCT
cpe-3873	125	35	model	model	NOUN
cpe-3873	125	36	on	on	ADP
cpe-3873	125	37	common	common	ADJ
cpe-3873	125	38	causes	cause	NOUN
cpe-3873	125	39	and	and	CCONJ
cpe-3873	125	40	subsequent	subsequent	ADJ
cpe-3873	125	41	study	study	NOUN
cpe-3873	125	42	design	design	NOUN
cpe-3873	125	43	and	and	CCONJ
cpe-3873	125	44	data	datum	NOUN
cpe-3873	125	45	analysis	analysis	NOUN
cpe-3873	125	46	the	the	DET
cpe-3873	125	47	model	model	NOUN
cpe-3873	125	48	gives	give	VERB
cpe-3873	125	49	rise	rise	NOUN
cpe-3873	125	50	to	to	ADP
cpe-3873	125	51	(	(	PUNCT
cpe-3873	125	52	for	for	ADP
cpe-3873	125	53	access	access	NOUN
cpe-3873	125	54	see	see	VERB
cpe-3873	125	55	index	index	NOUN
cpe-3873	125	56	of	of	ADP
cpe-3873	125	57	supplementary	supplementary	ADJ
cpe-3873	125	58	materials	material	NOUN
cpe-3873	125	59	below	below	ADP
cpe-3873	125	60	)	)	PUNCT
cpe-3873	125	61	.	.	PUNCT
cpe-3873	126	1	index	index	NOUN
cpe-3873	126	2	of	of	ADP
cpe-3873	126	3	supplementary	supplementary	ADJ
cpe-3873	126	4	materials	material	NOUN
cpe-3873	126	5	höfler	höfler	NOUN
cpe-3873	126	6	,	,	PUNCT
cpe-3873	126	7	m.	m.	NOUN
cpe-3873	126	8	,	,	PUNCT
cpe-3873	126	9	trautmann	trautmann	PROPN
cpe-3873	126	10	,	,	PUNCT
cpe-3873	126	11	s.	s.	PROPN
cpe-3873	126	12	,	,	PUNCT
cpe-3873	126	13	&	&	CCONJ
cpe-3873	126	14	kanske	kanske	PROPN
cpe-3873	126	15	,	,	PUNCT
cpe-3873	126	16	p.	p.	NOUN
cpe-3873	126	17	(	(	PUNCT
cpe-3873	126	18	2021	2021	NUM
cpe-3873	126	19	)	)	PUNCT
cpe-3873	126	20	.	.	PUNCT
cpe-3873	127	1	supplementary	supplementary	ADJ
cpe-3873	127	2	materials	material	NOUN
cpe-3873	127	3	to	to	ADP
cpe-3873	127	4	"	"	PUNCT
cpe-3873	127	5	qualitative	qualitative	ADJ
cpe-3873	127	6	approximations	approximation	NOUN
cpe-3873	127	7	to	to	ADP
cpe-3873	127	8	causality	causality	NOUN
cpe-3873	127	9	:	:	PUNCT
cpe-3873	127	10	non	non	ADJ
cpe-3873	127	11	-	-	ADJ
cpe-3873	127	12	randomizable	randomizable	ADJ
cpe-3873	127	13	factors	factor	NOUN
cpe-3873	127	14	in	in	ADP
cpe-3873	127	15	clinical	clinical	ADJ
cpe-3873	127	16	psychology	psychology	NOUN
cpe-3873	127	17	"	"	PUNCT
cpe-3873	128	1	[	[	X
cpe-3873	128	2	additional	additional	ADJ
cpe-3873	128	3	information	information	NOUN
cpe-3873	128	4	]	]	PUNCT
cpe-3873	128	5	.	.	PUNCT
cpe-3873	129	1	psychopen	psychopen	ADJ
cpe-3873	129	2	gold	gold	NOUN
cpe-3873	129	3	.	.	PUNCT
cpe-3873	130	1	https://doi.org/10.23668/psycharchives.4838	https://doi.org/10.23668/psycharchives.4838	PROPN
cpe-3873	130	2	references	reference	NOUN
cpe-3873	130	3	astolfi	astolfi	NOUN
cpe-3873	130	4	,	,	PUNCT
cpe-3873	130	5	p.	p.	PROPN
cpe-3873	130	6	,	,	PUNCT
cpe-3873	130	7	&	&	CCONJ
cpe-3873	130	8	zonta	zonta	PROPN
cpe-3873	130	9	,	,	PUNCT
cpe-3873	130	10	l.	l.	PROPN
cpe-3873	130	11	a.	a.	PROPN
cpe-3873	130	12	(	(	PUNCT
cpe-3873	130	13	1999	1999	NUM
cpe-3873	130	14	)	)	PUNCT
cpe-3873	130	15	.	.	PUNCT
cpe-3873	131	1	reduced	reduce	VERB
cpe-3873	131	2	male	male	ADJ
cpe-3873	131	3	births	birth	NOUN
cpe-3873	131	4	in	in	ADP
cpe-3873	131	5	major	major	ADJ
cpe-3873	131	6	italian	italian	ADJ
cpe-3873	131	7	cities	city	NOUN
cpe-3873	131	8	.	.	PUNCT
cpe-3873	132	1	human	human	ADJ
cpe-3873	132	2	reproduction	reproduction	NOUN
cpe-3873	132	3	,	,	PUNCT
cpe-3873	132	4	14(12	14(12	NUM
cpe-3873	132	5	)	)	PUNCT
cpe-3873	132	6	,	,	PUNCT
cpe-3873	132	7	3116	3116	NUM
cpe-3873	132	8	-	-	SYM
cpe-3873	132	9	3119	3119	NUM
cpe-3873	132	10	.	.	PUNCT
cpe-3873	133	1	https://doi.org/10.1093/humrep/14.12.3116	https://doi.org/10.1093/humrep/14.12.3116	PROPN
cpe-3873	133	2	bollen	bollen	PROPN
cpe-3873	133	3	,	,	PUNCT
cpe-3873	133	4	k.	k.	PROPN
cpe-3873	133	5	a.	a.	PROPN
cpe-3873	133	6	,	,	PUNCT
cpe-3873	133	7	&	&	CCONJ
cpe-3873	133	8	pearl	pearl	PROPN
cpe-3873	133	9	,	,	PUNCT
cpe-3873	133	10	j.	j.	PROPN
cpe-3873	133	11	(	(	PUNCT
cpe-3873	133	12	2013	2013	NUM
cpe-3873	133	13	)	)	PUNCT
cpe-3873	133	14	.	.	PUNCT
cpe-3873	134	1	eight	eight	NUM
cpe-3873	134	2	myths	myth	NOUN
cpe-3873	134	3	about	about	ADP
cpe-3873	134	4	causality	causality	NOUN
cpe-3873	134	5	and	and	CCONJ
cpe-3873	134	6	structural	structural	ADJ
cpe-3873	134	7	equation	equation	NOUN
cpe-3873	134	8	models	model	NOUN
cpe-3873	134	9	.	.	PUNCT
cpe-3873	135	1	in	in	ADP
cpe-3873	135	2	s.	s.	PROPN
cpe-3873	135	3	l.	l.	PROPN
cpe-3873	135	4	morgan	morgan	PROPN
cpe-3873	135	5	(	(	PUNCT
cpe-3873	135	6	ed	ed	NOUN
cpe-3873	135	7	.	.	PUNCT
cpe-3873	135	8	)	)	PUNCT
cpe-3873	135	9	,	,	PUNCT
cpe-3873	135	10	handbook	handbook	NOUN
cpe-3873	135	11	of	of	ADP
cpe-3873	135	12	causal	causal	ADJ
cpe-3873	135	13	analysis	analysis	NOUN
cpe-3873	135	14	for	for	ADP
cpe-3873	135	15	social	social	ADJ
cpe-3873	135	16	research	research	NOUN
cpe-3873	135	17	(	(	PUNCT
cpe-3873	135	18	pp	pp	ADJ
cpe-3873	135	19	.	.	PUNCT
cpe-3873	135	20	301–328	301–328	NUM
cpe-3873	135	21	)	)	PUNCT
cpe-3873	135	22	.	.	PUNCT
cpe-3873	136	1	new	new	PROPN
cpe-3873	136	2	york	york	PROPN
cpe-3873	136	3	,	,	PUNCT
cpe-3873	136	4	ny	ny	PROPN
cpe-3873	136	5	,	,	PUNCT
cpe-3873	136	6	usa	usa	PROPN
cpe-3873	136	7	:	:	PUNCT
cpe-3873	136	8	springer	springer	NOUN
cpe-3873	136	9	.	.	PUNCT
cpe-3873	137	1	dablander	dablander	PROPN
cpe-3873	137	2	,	,	PUNCT
cpe-3873	137	3	f.	f.	PROPN
cpe-3873	137	4	(	(	PUNCT
cpe-3873	137	5	2020	2020	NUM
cpe-3873	137	6	)	)	PUNCT
cpe-3873	137	7	.	.	PUNCT
cpe-3873	138	1	an	an	DET
cpe-3873	138	2	introduction	introduction	NOUN
cpe-3873	138	3	to	to	ADP
cpe-3873	138	4	causal	causal	PROPN
cpe-3873	138	5	inference	inference	PROPN
cpe-3873	138	6	.	.	PUNCT
cpe-3873	139	1	psyarxiv	psyarxiv	PROPN
cpe-3873	139	2	.	.	PUNCT
cpe-3873	140	1	https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/b3fkw	https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/b3fkw	PROPN
cpe-3873	140	2	dawid	dawid	PROPN
cpe-3873	140	3	,	,	PUNCT
cpe-3873	140	4	p.	p.	NOUN
cpe-3873	140	5	(	(	PUNCT
cpe-3873	140	6	2012	2012	NUM
cpe-3873	140	7	)	)	PUNCT
cpe-3873	140	8	.	.	PUNCT
cpe-3873	141	1	the	the	DET
cpe-3873	141	2	decision	decision	NOUN
cpe-3873	141	3	theoretic	theoretic	NOUN
cpe-3873	141	4	approach	approach	NOUN
cpe-3873	141	5	to	to	ADP
cpe-3873	141	6	causal	causal	NOUN
cpe-3873	141	7	inference	inference	NOUN
cpe-3873	141	8	.	.	PUNCT
cpe-3873	142	1	in	in	ADP
cpe-3873	142	2	c.	c.	PROPN
cpe-3873	142	3	berzuini	berzuini	PROPN
cpe-3873	142	4	,	,	PUNCT
cpe-3873	142	5	p.	p.	PROPN
cpe-3873	142	6	dawid	dawid	PROPN
cpe-3873	142	7	,	,	PUNCT
cpe-3873	142	8	&	&	CCONJ
cpe-3873	142	9	l.	l.	PROPN
cpe-3873	142	10	bernardinelli	bernardinelli	PROPN
cpe-3873	142	11	(	(	PUNCT
cpe-3873	142	12	eds	ed	NOUN
cpe-3873	142	13	.	.	PUNCT
cpe-3873	142	14	)	)	PUNCT
cpe-3873	142	15	,	,	PUNCT
cpe-3873	142	16	causality	causality	NOUN
cpe-3873	142	17	:	:	PUNCT
cpe-3873	142	18	statistical	statistical	ADJ
cpe-3873	142	19	perspectives	perspective	NOUN
cpe-3873	142	20	and	and	CCONJ
cpe-3873	142	21	applications	application	NOUN
cpe-3873	142	22	(	(	PUNCT
cpe-3873	142	23	pp	pp	ADJ
cpe-3873	142	24	.	.	PUNCT
cpe-3873	142	25	25–42	25–42	NUM
cpe-3873	142	26	)	)	PUNCT
cpe-3873	142	27	.	.	PUNCT
cpe-3873	143	1	new	new	PROPN
cpe-3873	143	2	york	york	PROPN
cpe-3873	143	3	,	,	PUNCT
cpe-3873	143	4	ny	ny	PROPN
cpe-3873	143	5	,	,	PUNCT
cpe-3873	143	6	usa	usa	PROPN
cpe-3873	143	7	:	:	PUNCT
cpe-3873	143	8	wiley	wiley	PROPN
cpe-3873	143	9	.	.	PUNCT
cpe-3873	144	1	eichler	eichler	NOUN
cpe-3873	144	2	,	,	PUNCT
cpe-3873	144	3	m.	m.	NOUN
cpe-3873	144	4	(	(	PUNCT
cpe-3873	144	5	2012	2012	NUM
cpe-3873	144	6	)	)	PUNCT
cpe-3873	144	7	.	.	PUNCT
cpe-3873	145	1	causal	causal	PROPN
cpe-3873	145	2	inference	inference	NOUN
cpe-3873	145	3	in	in	ADP
cpe-3873	145	4	time	time	NOUN
cpe-3873	145	5	series	series	PROPN
cpe-3873	145	6	analysis	analysis	NOUN
cpe-3873	145	7	.	.	PUNCT
cpe-3873	146	1	in	in	ADP
cpe-3873	146	2	c.	c.	PROPN
cpe-3873	146	3	berzuini	berzuini	PROPN
cpe-3873	146	4	,	,	PUNCT
cpe-3873	146	5	p.	p.	PROPN
cpe-3873	146	6	dawid	dawid	PROPN
cpe-3873	146	7	,	,	PUNCT
cpe-3873	146	8	&	&	CCONJ
cpe-3873	146	9	l.	l.	PROPN
cpe-3873	146	10	bernardinelli	bernardinelli	PROPN
cpe-3873	146	11	(	(	PUNCT
cpe-3873	146	12	eds	ed	NOUN
cpe-3873	146	13	.	.	PUNCT
cpe-3873	146	14	)	)	PUNCT
cpe-3873	146	15	,	,	PUNCT
cpe-3873	146	16	causality	causality	NOUN
cpe-3873	146	17	:	:	PUNCT
cpe-3873	146	18	statistical	statistical	ADJ
cpe-3873	146	19	perspectives	perspective	NOUN
cpe-3873	146	20	and	and	CCONJ
cpe-3873	146	21	applications	application	NOUN
cpe-3873	146	22	(	(	PUNCT
cpe-3873	146	23	pp	pp	ADJ
cpe-3873	146	24	.	.	PUNCT
cpe-3873	147	1	327–354	327–354	NUM
cpe-3873	147	2	)	)	PUNCT
cpe-3873	147	3	.	.	PUNCT
cpe-3873	148	1	new	new	PROPN
cpe-3873	148	2	york	york	PROPN
cpe-3873	148	3	,	,	PUNCT
cpe-3873	148	4	ny	ny	PROPN
cpe-3873	148	5	,	,	PUNCT
cpe-3873	148	6	usa	usa	PROPN
cpe-3873	148	7	:	:	PUNCT
cpe-3873	148	8	wiley	wiley	PROPN
cpe-3873	148	9	.	.	PUNCT
cpe-3873	149	1	höfler	höfler	NOUN
cpe-3873	149	2	,	,	PUNCT
cpe-3873	149	3	trautmann	trautmann	PROPN
cpe-3873	149	4	,	,	PUNCT
cpe-3873	149	5	&	&	CCONJ
cpe-3873	149	6	kanske	kanske	PROPN
cpe-3873	149	7	9	9	NUM
cpe-3873	149	8	clinical	clinical	ADJ
cpe-3873	149	9	psychology	psychology	NOUN
cpe-3873	149	10	in	in	ADP
cpe-3873	149	11	europe	europe	PROPN
cpe-3873	149	12	2021	2021	NUM
cpe-3873	149	13	,	,	PUNCT
cpe-3873	149	14	vol	vol	NOUN
cpe-3873	149	15	.	.	PUNCT
cpe-3873	149	16	3(2	3(2	NUM
cpe-3873	149	17	)	)	PUNCT
cpe-3873	149	18	,	,	PUNCT
cpe-3873	149	19	article	article	NOUN
cpe-3873	149	20	e3873	e3873	PRON
cpe-3873	149	21	https://doi.org/10.32872/cpe.3873	https://doi.org/10.32872/cpe.3873	VERB
cpe-3873	149	22	https://doi.org/10.23668/psycharchives.4838	https://doi.org/10.23668/psycharchives.4838	NOUN
cpe-3873	149	23	https://doi.org/10.1093/humrep/14.12.3116	https://doi.org/10.1093/humrep/14.12.3116	VERB
cpe-3873	149	24	https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/b3fkw	https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/b3fkw	PROPN
cpe-3873	149	25	https://www.psychopen.eu/	https://www.psychopen.eu/	PROPN
cpe-3873	149	26	eichler	eichler	NOUN
cpe-3873	149	27	,	,	PUNCT
cpe-3873	149	28	m.	m.	NOUN
cpe-3873	149	29	,	,	PUNCT
cpe-3873	149	30	&	&	CCONJ
cpe-3873	149	31	didelez	didelez	PROPN
cpe-3873	149	32	,	,	PUNCT
cpe-3873	149	33	v.	v.	PROPN
cpe-3873	149	34	(	(	PUNCT
cpe-3873	149	35	2010	2010	NUM
cpe-3873	149	36	)	)	PUNCT
cpe-3873	149	37	.	.	PUNCT
cpe-3873	150	1	on	on	ADP
cpe-3873	150	2	granger	granger	PROPN
cpe-3873	150	3	causality	causality	PROPN
cpe-3873	150	4	and	and	CCONJ
cpe-3873	150	5	the	the	DET
cpe-3873	150	6	effect	effect	NOUN
cpe-3873	150	7	of	of	ADP
cpe-3873	150	8	interventions	intervention	NOUN
cpe-3873	150	9	in	in	ADP
cpe-3873	150	10	time	time	NOUN
cpe-3873	150	11	series	series	PROPN
cpe-3873	150	12	.	.	PUNCT
cpe-3873	151	1	lifetime	lifetime	NOUN
cpe-3873	151	2	data	datum	NOUN
cpe-3873	151	3	analysis	analysis	NOUN
cpe-3873	151	4	,	,	PUNCT
cpe-3873	151	5	16(1	16(1	NUM
cpe-3873	151	6	)	)	PUNCT
cpe-3873	151	7	,	,	PUNCT
cpe-3873	151	8	3	3	NUM
cpe-3873	151	9	-	-	SYM
cpe-3873	151	10	32	32	NUM
cpe-3873	151	11	.	.	PUNCT
cpe-3873	152	1	https://doi.org/10.1007/s10985-009-9143-3	https://doi.org/10.1007/s10985-009-9143-3	NUM
cpe-3873	152	2	emsley	emsley	NOUN
cpe-3873	152	3	,	,	PUNCT
cpe-3873	152	4	r.	r.	PROPN
cpe-3873	152	5	,	,	PUNCT
cpe-3873	152	6	&	&	CCONJ
cpe-3873	152	7	dunn	dunn	PROPN
cpe-3873	152	8	,	,	PUNCT
cpe-3873	152	9	g.	g.	PROPN
cpe-3873	152	10	(	(	PUNCT
cpe-3873	152	11	2012	2012	NUM
cpe-3873	152	12	)	)	PUNCT
cpe-3873	152	13	.	.	PUNCT
cpe-3873	153	1	evaluation	evaluation	NOUN
cpe-3873	153	2	of	of	ADP
cpe-3873	153	3	potential	potential	ADJ
cpe-3873	153	4	mediators	mediator	NOUN
cpe-3873	153	5	in	in	ADP
cpe-3873	153	6	randomized	randomized	ADJ
cpe-3873	153	7	trials	trial	NOUN
cpe-3873	153	8	of	of	ADP
cpe-3873	153	9	complex	complex	ADJ
cpe-3873	153	10	interventions	intervention	NOUN
cpe-3873	153	11	(	(	PUNCT
cpe-3873	153	12	psychotherapies	psychotherapy	NOUN
cpe-3873	153	13	)	)	PUNCT
cpe-3873	153	14	.	.	PUNCT
cpe-3873	154	1	in	in	ADP
cpe-3873	154	2	c.	c.	PROPN
cpe-3873	154	3	berzuini	berzuini	PROPN
cpe-3873	154	4	,	,	PUNCT
cpe-3873	154	5	p.	p.	PROPN
cpe-3873	154	6	dawid	dawid	PROPN
cpe-3873	154	7	,	,	PUNCT
cpe-3873	154	8	&	&	CCONJ
cpe-3873	154	9	l.	l.	PROPN
cpe-3873	154	10	bernardinelli	bernardinelli	PROPN
cpe-3873	154	11	(	(	PUNCT
cpe-3873	154	12	eds	ed	NOUN
cpe-3873	154	13	.	.	PUNCT
cpe-3873	154	14	)	)	PUNCT
cpe-3873	154	15	,	,	PUNCT
cpe-3873	154	16	causality	causality	NOUN
cpe-3873	154	17	:	:	PUNCT
cpe-3873	154	18	statistical	statistical	ADJ
cpe-3873	154	19	perspectives	perspective	NOUN
cpe-3873	154	20	and	and	CCONJ
cpe-3873	154	21	applications	application	NOUN
cpe-3873	154	22	(	(	PUNCT
cpe-3873	154	23	pp	pp	ADJ
cpe-3873	154	24	.	.	PUNCT
cpe-3873	155	1	290–309	290–309	NUM
cpe-3873	155	2	)	)	PUNCT
cpe-3873	155	3	.	.	PUNCT
cpe-3873	156	1	new	new	PROPN
cpe-3873	156	2	york	york	PROPN
cpe-3873	156	3	,	,	PUNCT
cpe-3873	156	4	ny	ny	PROPN
cpe-3873	156	5	,	,	PUNCT
cpe-3873	156	6	usa	usa	PROPN
cpe-3873	156	7	:	:	PUNCT
cpe-3873	156	8	wiley	wiley	PROPN
cpe-3873	156	9	.	.	PUNCT
cpe-3873	157	1	friston	friston	PROPN
cpe-3873	157	2	,	,	PUNCT
cpe-3873	157	3	k.	k.	PROPN
cpe-3873	157	4	,	,	PUNCT
cpe-3873	157	5	moran	moran	PROPN
cpe-3873	157	6	,	,	PUNCT
cpe-3873	157	7	r.	r.	PROPN
cpe-3873	157	8	,	,	PUNCT
cpe-3873	157	9	&	&	CCONJ
cpe-3873	157	10	seth	seth	PROPN
cpe-3873	157	11	,	,	PUNCT
cpe-3873	157	12	a.	a.	PROPN
cpe-3873	157	13	k.	k.	PROPN
cpe-3873	157	14	(	(	PUNCT
cpe-3873	157	15	2013	2013	NUM
cpe-3873	157	16	)	)	PUNCT
cpe-3873	157	17	.	.	PUNCT
cpe-3873	158	1	analysing	analyse	VERB
cpe-3873	158	2	connectivity	connectivity	NOUN
cpe-3873	158	3	with	with	ADP
cpe-3873	158	4	granger	granger	PROPN
cpe-3873	158	5	causality	causality	PROPN
cpe-3873	158	6	and	and	CCONJ
cpe-3873	158	7	dynamic	dynamic	ADJ
cpe-3873	158	8	causal	causal	NOUN
cpe-3873	158	9	modelling	modelling	NOUN
cpe-3873	158	10	.	.	PUNCT
cpe-3873	159	1	current	current	ADJ
cpe-3873	159	2	opinion	opinion	NOUN
cpe-3873	159	3	in	in	ADP
cpe-3873	159	4	neurobiology	neurobiology	NOUN
cpe-3873	159	5	,	,	PUNCT
cpe-3873	159	6	23(2	23(2	NUM
cpe-3873	159	7	)	)	PUNCT
cpe-3873	159	8	,	,	PUNCT
cpe-3873	159	9	172	172	NUM
cpe-3873	159	10	-	-	SYM
cpe-3873	159	11	178	178	NUM
cpe-3873	159	12	.	.	PUNCT
cpe-3873	160	1	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conb.2012.11.010	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conb.2012.11.010	ADJ
cpe-3873	160	2	gelman	gelman	PROPN
cpe-3873	160	3	,	,	PUNCT
cpe-3873	160	4	a.	a.	PROPN
cpe-3873	160	5	,	,	PUNCT
cpe-3873	160	6	&	&	CCONJ
cpe-3873	160	7	hill	hill	PROPN
cpe-3873	160	8	,	,	PUNCT
cpe-3873	160	9	j.	j.	PROPN
cpe-3873	160	10	(	(	PUNCT
cpe-3873	160	11	2007	2007	NUM
cpe-3873	160	12	)	)	PUNCT
cpe-3873	160	13	.	.	PUNCT
cpe-3873	161	1	data	datum	NOUN
cpe-3873	161	2	analysis	analysis	NOUN
cpe-3873	161	3	using	use	VERB
cpe-3873	161	4	regression	regression	NOUN
cpe-3873	161	5	and	and	CCONJ
cpe-3873	161	6	multilevel	multilevel	ADJ
cpe-3873	161	7	/	/	SYM
cpe-3873	161	8	hierarchical	hierarchical	ADJ
cpe-3873	161	9	models	model	NOUN
cpe-3873	161	10	.	.	PUNCT
cpe-3873	162	1	cambridge	cambridge	PROPN
cpe-3873	162	2	,	,	PUNCT
cpe-3873	162	3	united	united	ADJ
cpe-3873	162	4	kingdom	kingdom	PROPN
cpe-3873	162	5	:	:	PUNCT
cpe-3873	162	6	cambridge	cambridge	PROPN
cpe-3873	162	7	university	university	PROPN
cpe-3873	162	8	press	press	NOUN
cpe-3873	162	9	.	.	PUNCT
cpe-3873	163	1	glymour	glymour	PROPN
cpe-3873	163	2	,	,	PUNCT
cpe-3873	163	3	c.	c.	PROPN
cpe-3873	163	4	,	,	PUNCT
cpe-3873	163	5	&	&	CCONJ
cpe-3873	163	6	glymour	glymour	NOUN
cpe-3873	163	7	,	,	PUNCT
cpe-3873	163	8	m.	m.	NOUN
cpe-3873	163	9	(	(	PUNCT
cpe-3873	163	10	2014	2014	NUM
cpe-3873	163	11	)	)	PUNCT
cpe-3873	163	12	.	.	PUNCT
cpe-3873	164	1	commentary	commentary	NOUN
cpe-3873	164	2	:	:	PUNCT
cpe-3873	164	3	race	race	NOUN
cpe-3873	164	4	and	and	CCONJ
cpe-3873	164	5	sex	sex	NOUN
cpe-3873	164	6	are	be	AUX
cpe-3873	164	7	causes	cause	NOUN
cpe-3873	164	8	.	.	PUNCT
cpe-3873	165	1	epidemiology	epidemiology	NOUN
cpe-3873	165	2	,	,	PUNCT
cpe-3873	165	3	25(4	25(4	NOUN
cpe-3873	165	4	)	)	PUNCT
cpe-3873	165	5	,	,	PUNCT
cpe-3873	165	6	488	488	NUM
cpe-3873	165	7	-	-	SYM
cpe-3873	165	8	490	490	NUM
cpe-3873	165	9	.	.	PUNCT
cpe-3873	166	1	https://doi.org/10.1177/1077559506289524	https://doi.org/10.1177/1077559506289524	PROPN
cpe-3873	166	2	gigerenzer	gigerenzer	NOUN
cpe-3873	166	3	,	,	PUNCT
cpe-3873	166	4	g.	g.	PROPN
cpe-3873	166	5	(	(	PUNCT
cpe-3873	166	6	2018	2018	NUM
cpe-3873	166	7	)	)	PUNCT
cpe-3873	166	8	.	.	PUNCT
cpe-3873	167	1	statistical	statistical	ADJ
cpe-3873	167	2	rituals	ritual	NOUN
cpe-3873	167	3	:	:	PUNCT
cpe-3873	167	4	the	the	DET
cpe-3873	167	5	replication	replication	NOUN
cpe-3873	167	6	delusion	delusion	NOUN
cpe-3873	167	7	and	and	CCONJ
cpe-3873	167	8	how	how	SCONJ
cpe-3873	167	9	we	we	PRON
cpe-3873	167	10	got	get	VERB
cpe-3873	167	11	there	there	ADV
cpe-3873	167	12	.	.	PUNCT
cpe-3873	168	1	advances	advance	NOUN
cpe-3873	168	2	in	in	ADP
cpe-3873	168	3	methods	method	NOUN
cpe-3873	168	4	and	and	CCONJ
cpe-3873	168	5	practices	practice	NOUN
cpe-3873	168	6	in	in	ADP
cpe-3873	168	7	psychological	psychological	ADJ
cpe-3873	168	8	science	science	NOUN
cpe-3873	168	9	,	,	PUNCT
cpe-3873	168	10	1(2	1(2	NUM
cpe-3873	168	11	)	)	PUNCT
cpe-3873	168	12	,	,	PUNCT
cpe-3873	168	13	198	198	NUM
cpe-3873	168	14	-	-	SYM
cpe-3873	168	15	218	218	NUM
cpe-3873	168	16	.	.	PUNCT
cpe-3873	169	1	https://doi.org/10.1177/2515245918771329	https://doi.org/10.1177/2515245918771329	PROPN
cpe-3873	169	2	gigerenzer	gigerenzer	NOUN
cpe-3873	169	3	,	,	PUNCT
cpe-3873	169	4	g.	g.	PROPN
cpe-3873	169	5	,	,	PUNCT
cpe-3873	169	6	&	&	CCONJ
cpe-3873	169	7	marewski	marewski	PROPN
cpe-3873	169	8	,	,	PUNCT
cpe-3873	169	9	j.	j.	PROPN
cpe-3873	169	10	n.	n.	PROPN
cpe-3873	169	11	(	(	PUNCT
cpe-3873	169	12	2014	2014	NUM
cpe-3873	169	13	)	)	PUNCT
cpe-3873	169	14	.	.	PUNCT
cpe-3873	170	1	surrogate	surrogate	ADJ
cpe-3873	170	2	science	science	NOUN
cpe-3873	170	3	:	:	PUNCT
cpe-3873	170	4	the	the	DET
cpe-3873	170	5	idol	idol	NOUN
cpe-3873	170	6	of	of	ADP
cpe-3873	170	7	a	a	DET
cpe-3873	170	8	universal	universal	ADJ
cpe-3873	170	9	method	method	NOUN
cpe-3873	170	10	for	for	ADP
cpe-3873	170	11	scientific	scientific	ADJ
cpe-3873	170	12	inference	inference	NOUN
cpe-3873	170	13	.	.	PUNCT
cpe-3873	171	1	journal	journal	PROPN
cpe-3873	171	2	of	of	ADP
cpe-3873	171	3	management	management	NOUN
cpe-3873	171	4	,	,	PUNCT
cpe-3873	171	5	41(2	41(2	NUM
cpe-3873	171	6	)	)	PUNCT
cpe-3873	171	7	,	,	PUNCT
cpe-3873	171	8	421	421	NUM
cpe-3873	171	9	-	-	SYM
cpe-3873	171	10	440	440	NUM
cpe-3873	171	11	.	.	PUNCT
cpe-3873	172	1	https://doi.org/10.1177/0149206314547522	https://doi.org/10.1177/0149206314547522	PROPN
cpe-3873	172	2	granger	granger	PROPN
cpe-3873	172	3	,	,	PUNCT
cpe-3873	172	4	c.	c.	PROPN
cpe-3873	172	5	w.	w.	PROPN
cpe-3873	172	6	j.	j.	PROPN
cpe-3873	172	7	(	(	PUNCT
cpe-3873	172	8	1969	1969	NUM
cpe-3873	172	9	)	)	PUNCT
cpe-3873	172	10	.	.	PUNCT
cpe-3873	173	1	investigating	investigate	VERB
cpe-3873	173	2	causal	causal	ADJ
cpe-3873	173	3	relations	relation	NOUN
cpe-3873	173	4	by	by	ADP
cpe-3873	173	5	econometric	econometric	ADJ
cpe-3873	173	6	models	model	NOUN
cpe-3873	173	7	and	and	CCONJ
cpe-3873	173	8	cross	cross	ADJ
cpe-3873	173	9	-	-	ADJ
cpe-3873	173	10	spectral	spectral	ADJ
cpe-3873	173	11	methods	method	NOUN
cpe-3873	173	12	.	.	PUNCT
cpe-3873	174	1	econometrica	econometrica	PROPN
cpe-3873	174	2	,	,	PUNCT
cpe-3873	174	3	37(3	37(3	NUM
cpe-3873	174	4	)	)	PUNCT
cpe-3873	174	5	,	,	PUNCT
cpe-3873	174	6	424	424	NUM
cpe-3873	174	7	-	-	SYM
cpe-3873	174	8	438	438	NUM
cpe-3873	174	9	.	.	PUNCT
cpe-3873	175	1	https://doi.org/10.2307/1912791	https://doi.org/10.2307/1912791	PRON
cpe-3873	175	2	greenland	greenland	PROPN
cpe-3873	175	3	,	,	PUNCT
cpe-3873	175	4	s.	s.	PROPN
cpe-3873	175	5	(	(	PUNCT
cpe-3873	175	6	2005a	2005a	NUM
cpe-3873	175	7	)	)	PUNCT
cpe-3873	175	8	.	.	PUNCT
cpe-3873	176	1	epidemiologic	epidemiologic	ADJ
cpe-3873	176	2	measures	measure	NOUN
cpe-3873	176	3	and	and	CCONJ
cpe-3873	176	4	policy	policy	NOUN
cpe-3873	176	5	formulation	formulation	NOUN
cpe-3873	176	6	:	:	PUNCT
cpe-3873	176	7	lessons	lesson	NOUN
cpe-3873	176	8	from	from	ADP
cpe-3873	176	9	potential	potential	ADJ
cpe-3873	176	10	outcomes	outcome	NOUN
cpe-3873	176	11	.	.	PUNCT
cpe-3873	177	1	emerging	emerge	VERB
cpe-3873	177	2	themes	theme	NOUN
cpe-3873	177	3	in	in	ADP
cpe-3873	177	4	epidemiology	epidemiology	NOUN
cpe-3873	177	5	,	,	PUNCT
cpe-3873	177	6	2	2	NUM
cpe-3873	177	7	,	,	PUNCT
cpe-3873	177	8	article	article	NOUN
cpe-3873	177	9	5	5	NUM
cpe-3873	177	10	.	.	NOUN
cpe-3873	177	11	https://doi.org/10.1186/1742-7622-2-5	https://doi.org/10.1186/1742-7622-2-5	PROPN
cpe-3873	177	12	greenland	greenland	PROPN
cpe-3873	177	13	,	,	PUNCT
cpe-3873	177	14	s.	s.	PROPN
cpe-3873	177	15	(	(	PUNCT
cpe-3873	177	16	2005b	2005b	NUM
cpe-3873	177	17	)	)	PUNCT
cpe-3873	177	18	.	.	PUNCT
cpe-3873	178	1	multiple	multiple	ADJ
cpe-3873	178	2	-	-	PUNCT
cpe-3873	178	3	bias	bias	NOUN
cpe-3873	178	4	modelling	modelling	NOUN
cpe-3873	178	5	for	for	ADP
cpe-3873	178	6	analysis	analysis	NOUN
cpe-3873	178	7	of	of	ADP
cpe-3873	178	8	observational	observational	ADJ
cpe-3873	178	9	data	datum	NOUN
cpe-3873	178	10	.	.	PUNCT
cpe-3873	179	1	journal	journal	NOUN
cpe-3873	179	2	of	of	ADP
cpe-3873	179	3	the	the	DET
cpe-3873	179	4	royal	royal	ADJ
cpe-3873	179	5	statistical	statistical	ADJ
cpe-3873	179	6	society	society	NOUN
cpe-3873	179	7	a	a	PRON
cpe-3873	179	8	,	,	PUNCT
cpe-3873	179	9	168(2	168(2	NUM
cpe-3873	179	10	)	)	PUNCT
cpe-3873	179	11	,	,	PUNCT
cpe-3873	179	12	267	267	NUM
cpe-3873	179	13	-	-	SYM
cpe-3873	179	14	291	291	NUM
cpe-3873	179	15	.	.	PUNCT
cpe-3873	180	1	https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-985x.2004.00349.x	https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-985x.2004.00349.x	PROPN
cpe-3873	180	2	greenland	greenland	PROPN
cpe-3873	180	3	,	,	PUNCT
cpe-3873	180	4	s.	s.	PROPN
cpe-3873	180	5	(	(	PUNCT
cpe-3873	180	6	2012	2012	NUM
cpe-3873	180	7	)	)	PUNCT
cpe-3873	180	8	.	.	PUNCT
cpe-3873	181	1	causal	causal	PROPN
cpe-3873	181	2	inference	inference	PROPN
cpe-3873	181	3	as	as	ADP
cpe-3873	181	4	a	a	DET
cpe-3873	181	5	prediction	prediction	NOUN
cpe-3873	181	6	problem	problem	NOUN
cpe-3873	181	7	:	:	PUNCT
cpe-3873	181	8	assumptions	assumption	NOUN
cpe-3873	181	9	,	,	PUNCT
cpe-3873	181	10	identification	identification	NOUN
cpe-3873	181	11	and	and	CCONJ
cpe-3873	181	12	evidence	evidence	NOUN
cpe-3873	181	13	synthesis	synthesis	NOUN
cpe-3873	181	14	.	.	PUNCT
cpe-3873	182	1	in	in	ADP
cpe-3873	182	2	c.	c.	PROPN
cpe-3873	182	3	berzuini	berzuini	PROPN
cpe-3873	182	4	,	,	PUNCT
cpe-3873	182	5	p.	p.	PROPN
cpe-3873	182	6	dawid	dawid	PROPN
cpe-3873	182	7	,	,	PUNCT
cpe-3873	182	8	&	&	CCONJ
cpe-3873	182	9	l.	l.	PROPN
cpe-3873	182	10	bernardinelli	bernardinelli	PROPN
cpe-3873	182	11	(	(	PUNCT
cpe-3873	182	12	eds	ed	NOUN
cpe-3873	182	13	.	.	PUNCT
cpe-3873	182	14	)	)	PUNCT
cpe-3873	182	15	,	,	PUNCT
cpe-3873	182	16	causality	causality	NOUN
cpe-3873	182	17	:	:	PUNCT
cpe-3873	182	18	statistical	statistical	ADJ
cpe-3873	182	19	perspectives	perspective	NOUN
cpe-3873	182	20	and	and	CCONJ
cpe-3873	182	21	applications	application	NOUN
cpe-3873	182	22	(	(	PUNCT
cpe-3873	182	23	pp	pp	ADJ
cpe-3873	182	24	.	.	PUNCT
cpe-3873	182	25	43–58	43–58	NUM
cpe-3873	182	26	)	)	PUNCT
cpe-3873	182	27	.	.	PUNCT
cpe-3873	183	1	new	new	PROPN
cpe-3873	183	2	york	york	PROPN
cpe-3873	183	3	,	,	PUNCT
cpe-3873	183	4	ny	ny	PROPN
cpe-3873	183	5	,	,	PUNCT
cpe-3873	183	6	usa	usa	PROPN
cpe-3873	183	7	:	:	PUNCT
cpe-3873	183	8	wiley	wiley	PROPN
cpe-3873	183	9	.	.	PUNCT
cpe-3873	184	1	greenland	greenland	PROPN
cpe-3873	184	2	,	,	PUNCT
cpe-3873	184	3	s.	s.	PROPN
cpe-3873	184	4	(	(	PUNCT
cpe-3873	184	5	2017	2017	NUM
cpe-3873	184	6	)	)	PUNCT
cpe-3873	184	7	.	.	PUNCT
cpe-3873	185	1	for	for	ADP
cpe-3873	185	2	and	and	CCONJ
cpe-3873	185	3	against	against	ADP
cpe-3873	185	4	methodologies	methodology	NOUN
cpe-3873	185	5	:	:	PUNCT
cpe-3873	185	6	some	some	DET
cpe-3873	185	7	perspectives	perspective	NOUN
cpe-3873	185	8	on	on	ADP
cpe-3873	185	9	recent	recent	ADJ
cpe-3873	185	10	causal	causal	ADJ
cpe-3873	185	11	and	and	CCONJ
cpe-3873	185	12	statistical	statistical	ADJ
cpe-3873	185	13	inference	inference	NOUN
cpe-3873	185	14	debates	debate	NOUN
cpe-3873	185	15	.	.	PUNCT
cpe-3873	186	1	european	european	ADJ
cpe-3873	186	2	journal	journal	PROPN
cpe-3873	186	3	of	of	ADP
cpe-3873	186	4	epidemiology	epidemiology	NOUN
cpe-3873	186	5	,	,	PUNCT
cpe-3873	186	6	32(1	32(1	NUM
cpe-3873	186	7	)	)	PUNCT
cpe-3873	186	8	,	,	PUNCT
cpe-3873	186	9	3	3	NUM
cpe-3873	186	10	-	-	SYM
cpe-3873	186	11	20	20	NUM
cpe-3873	186	12	.	.	PUNCT
cpe-3873	187	1	https://doi.org/10.1007/s10654-017-0230-6	https://doi.org/10.1007/s10654-017-0230-6	PROPN
cpe-3873	188	1	groenwold	groenwold	PROPN
cpe-3873	188	2	,	,	PUNCT
cpe-3873	188	3	r.	r.	PROPN
cpe-3873	188	4	h.	h.	PROPN
cpe-3873	188	5	h.	h.	PROPN
cpe-3873	188	6	,	,	PUNCT
cpe-3873	188	7	shofty	shofty	NOUN
cpe-3873	188	8	,	,	PUNCT
cpe-3873	188	9	i.	i.	NOUN
cpe-3873	188	10	,	,	PUNCT
cpe-3873	188	11	miočević	miočević	NOUN
cpe-3873	188	12	,	,	PUNCT
cpe-3873	188	13	m.	m.	NOUN
cpe-3873	188	14	,	,	PUNCT
cpe-3873	188	15	van	van	PROPN
cpe-3873	188	16	smeden	smeden	NOUN
cpe-3873	188	17	,	,	PUNCT
cpe-3873	188	18	m.	m.	NOUN
cpe-3873	188	19	,	,	PUNCT
cpe-3873	188	20	&	&	CCONJ
cpe-3873	188	21	klugkist	klugkist	PROPN
cpe-3873	188	22	,	,	PUNCT
cpe-3873	188	23	i.	i.	PROPN
cpe-3873	188	24	(	(	PUNCT
cpe-3873	188	25	2018	2018	NUM
cpe-3873	188	26	)	)	PUNCT
cpe-3873	188	27	.	.	PUNCT
cpe-3873	189	1	adjustment	adjustment	NOUN
cpe-3873	189	2	for	for	ADP
cpe-3873	189	3	unmeasured	unmeasured	ADJ
cpe-3873	189	4	confounding	confound	VERB
cpe-3873	189	5	through	through	ADP
cpe-3873	189	6	informative	informative	ADJ
cpe-3873	189	7	priors	prior	NOUN
cpe-3873	189	8	for	for	ADP
cpe-3873	189	9	the	the	DET
cpe-3873	189	10	confounder	confounder	NOUN
cpe-3873	189	11	-	-	PUNCT
cpe-3873	189	12	outcome	outcome	NOUN
cpe-3873	189	13	relation	relation	NOUN
cpe-3873	189	14	.	.	PUNCT
cpe-3873	190	1	bmc	bmc	PROPN
cpe-3873	190	2	medical	medical	ADJ
cpe-3873	190	3	research	research	NOUN
cpe-3873	190	4	methodology	methodology	NOUN
cpe-3873	190	5	,	,	PUNCT
cpe-3873	190	6	8(1	8(1	NOUN
cpe-3873	190	7	)	)	PUNCT
cpe-3873	190	8	,	,	PUNCT
cpe-3873	190	9	article	article	NOUN
cpe-3873	190	10	174	174	NUM
cpe-3873	190	11	.	.	PUNCT
cpe-3873	191	1	https://doi.org/10.1186/s12874-018-0634-3	https://doi.org/10.1186/s12874-018-0634-3	NUM
cpe-3873	191	2	hernán	hernán	NOUN
cpe-3873	191	3	,	,	PUNCT
cpe-3873	191	4	m.	m.	NOUN
cpe-3873	191	5	a.	a.	NOUN
cpe-3873	191	6	(	(	PUNCT
cpe-3873	191	7	2005	2005	NUM
cpe-3873	191	8	)	)	PUNCT
cpe-3873	191	9	.	.	PUNCT
cpe-3873	192	1	invited	invite	VERB
cpe-3873	192	2	commentary	commentary	NOUN
cpe-3873	192	3	:	:	PUNCT
cpe-3873	192	4	hypothetical	hypothetical	ADJ
cpe-3873	192	5	interventions	intervention	NOUN
cpe-3873	192	6	to	to	PART
cpe-3873	192	7	define	define	VERB
cpe-3873	192	8	causal	causal	ADJ
cpe-3873	192	9	effects	effect	NOUN
cpe-3873	192	10	—	—	PUNCT
cpe-3873	192	11	afterthought	afterthought	NOUN
cpe-3873	192	12	or	or	CCONJ
cpe-3873	192	13	prerequisite	prerequisite	NOUN
cpe-3873	192	14	?	?	PUNCT
cpe-3873	193	1	american	american	ADJ
cpe-3873	193	2	journal	journal	PROPN
cpe-3873	193	3	of	of	ADP
cpe-3873	193	4	epidemiology	epidemiology	NOUN
cpe-3873	193	5	,	,	PUNCT
cpe-3873	193	6	162(7	162(7	NUM
cpe-3873	193	7	)	)	PUNCT
cpe-3873	193	8	,	,	PUNCT
cpe-3873	193	9	618	618	NUM
cpe-3873	193	10	-	-	SYM
cpe-3873	193	11	620	620	NUM
cpe-3873	193	12	.	.	PUNCT
cpe-3873	194	1	https://doi.org/10.1093/aje/kwi255	https://doi.org/10.1093/aje/kwi255	PROPN
cpe-3873	194	2	hill	hill	PROPN
cpe-3873	194	3	,	,	PUNCT
cpe-3873	194	4	a.	a.	PROPN
cpe-3873	194	5	b.	b.	PROPN
cpe-3873	194	6	(	(	PUNCT
cpe-3873	194	7	1965	1965	NUM
cpe-3873	194	8	)	)	PUNCT
cpe-3873	194	9	.	.	PUNCT
cpe-3873	195	1	the	the	DET
cpe-3873	195	2	environment	environment	NOUN
cpe-3873	195	3	and	and	CCONJ
cpe-3873	195	4	disease	disease	NOUN
cpe-3873	195	5	:	:	PUNCT
cpe-3873	195	6	association	association	NOUN
cpe-3873	195	7	or	or	CCONJ
cpe-3873	195	8	causation	causation	NOUN
cpe-3873	195	9	?	?	PUNCT
cpe-3873	196	1	proceedings	proceeding	NOUN
cpe-3873	196	2	of	of	ADP
cpe-3873	196	3	the	the	DET
cpe-3873	196	4	royal	royal	ADJ
cpe-3873	196	5	society	society	NOUN
cpe-3873	196	6	of	of	ADP
cpe-3873	196	7	medicine	medicine	NOUN
cpe-3873	196	8	,	,	PUNCT
cpe-3873	196	9	58(5	58(5	NUM
cpe-3873	196	10	)	)	PUNCT
cpe-3873	196	11	,	,	PUNCT
cpe-3873	196	12	295	295	NUM
cpe-3873	196	13	-	-	SYM
cpe-3873	196	14	300	300	NUM
cpe-3873	196	15	.	.	PUNCT
cpe-3873	197	1	https://doi.org/10.1177/0141076814562718	https://doi.org/10.1177/0141076814562718	PRON
cpe-3873	197	2	qualitative	qualitative	ADJ
cpe-3873	197	3	approximations	approximation	NOUN
cpe-3873	197	4	to	to	ADP
cpe-3873	197	5	causality	causality	NOUN
cpe-3873	197	6	10	10	NUM
cpe-3873	197	7	clinical	clinical	ADJ
cpe-3873	197	8	psychology	psychology	NOUN
cpe-3873	197	9	in	in	ADP
cpe-3873	197	10	europe	europe	PROPN
cpe-3873	197	11	2021	2021	NUM
cpe-3873	197	12	,	,	PUNCT
cpe-3873	197	13	vol	vol	NOUN
cpe-3873	197	14	.	.	PUNCT
cpe-3873	197	15	3(2	3(2	NUM
cpe-3873	197	16	)	)	PUNCT
cpe-3873	197	17	,	,	PUNCT
cpe-3873	197	18	article	article	NOUN
cpe-3873	197	19	e3873	e3873	PRON
cpe-3873	197	20	https://doi.org/10.32872/cpe.3873	https://doi.org/10.32872/cpe.3873	VERB
cpe-3873	197	21	https://doi.org/10.1007/s10985-009-9143-3	https://doi.org/10.1007/s10985-009-9143-3	NUM
cpe-3873	197	22	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conb.2012.11.010	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conb.2012.11.010	PROPN
cpe-3873	197	23	https://doi.org/10.1177/1077559506289524	https://doi.org/10.1177/1077559506289524	PROPN
cpe-3873	197	24	https://doi.org/10.1177/2515245918771329	https://doi.org/10.1177/2515245918771329	PROPN
cpe-3873	197	25	https://doi.org/10.1177/0149206314547522	https://doi.org/10.1177/0149206314547522	NOUN
cpe-3873	197	26	https://doi.org/10.2307/1912791	https://doi.org/10.2307/1912791	NOUN
cpe-3873	197	27	https://doi.org/10.1186/1742-7622-2-5	https://doi.org/10.1186/1742-7622-2-5	NOUN
cpe-3873	197	28	https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-985x.2004.00349.x	https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-985x.2004.00349.x	PROPN
cpe-3873	197	29	https://doi.org/10.1007/s10654-017-0230-6	https://doi.org/10.1007/s10654-017-0230-6	NOUN
cpe-3873	198	1	https://doi.org/10.1186/s12874-018-0634-3	https://doi.org/10.1186/s12874-018-0634-3	PROPN
cpe-3873	198	2	https://doi.org/10.1093/aje/kwi255	https://doi.org/10.1093/aje/kwi255	PROPN
cpe-3873	198	3	https://doi.org/10.1177/0141076814562718	https://doi.org/10.1177/0141076814562718	NOUN
cpe-3873	198	4	https://www.psychopen.eu/	https://www.psychopen.eu/	VERB
cpe-3873	198	5	höfler	höfler	NOUN
cpe-3873	198	6	,	,	PUNCT
cpe-3873	198	7	m.	m.	NOUN
cpe-3873	198	8	,	,	PUNCT
cpe-3873	198	9	venz	venz	PROPN
cpe-3873	198	10	,	,	PUNCT
cpe-3873	198	11	j.	j.	PROPN
cpe-3873	198	12	,	,	PUNCT
cpe-3873	198	13	trautmann	trautmann	PROPN
cpe-3873	198	14	,	,	PUNCT
cpe-3873	198	15	s.	s.	PROPN
cpe-3873	198	16	,	,	PUNCT
cpe-3873	198	17	&	&	CCONJ
cpe-3873	198	18	miller	miller	PROPN
cpe-3873	198	19	,	,	PUNCT
cpe-3873	198	20	r.	r.	PROPN
cpe-3873	198	21	(	(	PUNCT
cpe-3873	198	22	2018	2018	NUM
cpe-3873	198	23	)	)	PUNCT
cpe-3873	198	24	.	.	PUNCT
cpe-3873	199	1	writing	write	VERB
cpe-3873	199	2	a	a	DET
cpe-3873	199	3	discussion	discussion	NOUN
cpe-3873	199	4	section	section	NOUN
cpe-3873	199	5	:	:	PUNCT
cpe-3873	199	6	how	how	SCONJ
cpe-3873	199	7	to	to	PART
cpe-3873	199	8	integrate	integrate	VERB
cpe-3873	199	9	substantive	substantive	ADJ
cpe-3873	199	10	and	and	CCONJ
cpe-3873	199	11	statistical	statistical	ADJ
cpe-3873	199	12	expertise	expertise	NOUN
cpe-3873	199	13	.	.	PUNCT
cpe-3873	200	1	bmc	bmc	PROPN
cpe-3873	200	2	medical	medical	ADJ
cpe-3873	200	3	research	research	NOUN
cpe-3873	200	4	methodology	methodology	NOUN
cpe-3873	200	5	,	,	PUNCT
cpe-3873	200	6	18	18	NUM
cpe-3873	200	7	,	,	PUNCT
cpe-3873	200	8	article	article	NOUN
cpe-3873	200	9	34	34	NUM
cpe-3873	200	10	.	.	PUNCT
cpe-3873	201	1	https://doi.org/10.1186/s12874-018-0490-1	https://doi.org/10.1186/s12874-018-0490-1	PROPN
cpe-3873	201	2	johnson	johnson	PROPN
cpe-3873	201	3	,	,	PUNCT
cpe-3873	201	4	d.	d.	PROPN
cpe-3873	201	5	p.	p.	PROPN
cpe-3873	201	6	,	,	PUNCT
cpe-3873	201	7	&	&	CCONJ
cpe-3873	201	8	whisman	whisman	PROPN
cpe-3873	201	9	,	,	PUNCT
cpe-3873	201	10	m.	m.	NOUN
cpe-3873	201	11	a.	a.	NOUN
cpe-3873	201	12	(	(	PUNCT
cpe-3873	201	13	2013	2013	NUM
cpe-3873	201	14	)	)	PUNCT
cpe-3873	201	15	.	.	PUNCT
cpe-3873	202	1	gender	gender	NOUN
cpe-3873	202	2	differences	difference	NOUN
cpe-3873	202	3	in	in	ADP
cpe-3873	202	4	rumination	rumination	NOUN
cpe-3873	202	5	:	:	PUNCT
cpe-3873	202	6	a	a	DET
cpe-3873	202	7	meta	meta	ADJ
cpe-3873	202	8	-	-	PUNCT
cpe-3873	202	9	analysis	analysis	NOUN
cpe-3873	202	10	.	.	PUNCT
cpe-3873	203	1	personality	personality	NOUN
cpe-3873	203	2	and	and	CCONJ
cpe-3873	203	3	individual	individual	ADJ
cpe-3873	203	4	differences	difference	NOUN
cpe-3873	203	5	,	,	PUNCT
cpe-3873	203	6	55(4	55(4	NUM
cpe-3873	203	7	)	)	PUNCT
cpe-3873	203	8	,	,	PUNCT
cpe-3873	203	9	367	367	NUM
cpe-3873	203	10	-	-	SYM
cpe-3873	203	11	374	374	NUM
cpe-3873	203	12	.	.	PUNCT
cpe-3873	204	1	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2013.03.019	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2013.03.019	NUM
cpe-3873	204	2	johnson	johnson	PROPN
cpe-3873	204	3	,	,	PUNCT
cpe-3873	204	4	r.	r.	PROPN
cpe-3873	204	5	b.	b.	PROPN
cpe-3873	204	6	,	,	PUNCT
cpe-3873	204	7	russo	russo	PROPN
cpe-3873	204	8	,	,	PUNCT
cpe-3873	204	9	f.	f.	PROPN
cpe-3873	204	10	,	,	PUNCT
cpe-3873	204	11	&	&	CCONJ
cpe-3873	204	12	schoonenboom	schoonenboom	PROPN
cpe-3873	204	13	,	,	PUNCT
cpe-3873	204	14	j.	j.	PROPN
cpe-3873	204	15	(	(	PUNCT
cpe-3873	204	16	2019	2019	NUM
cpe-3873	204	17	)	)	PUNCT
cpe-3873	204	18	.	.	PUNCT
cpe-3873	205	1	causation	causation	NOUN
cpe-3873	205	2	in	in	ADP
cpe-3873	205	3	mixed	mixed	ADJ
cpe-3873	205	4	methods	method	NOUN
cpe-3873	205	5	research	research	NOUN
cpe-3873	205	6	:	:	PUNCT
cpe-3873	205	7	the	the	DET
cpe-3873	205	8	meeting	meeting	NOUN
cpe-3873	205	9	of	of	ADP
cpe-3873	205	10	philosophy	philosophy	NOUN
cpe-3873	205	11	,	,	PUNCT
cpe-3873	205	12	science	science	NOUN
cpe-3873	205	13	,	,	PUNCT
cpe-3873	205	14	and	and	CCONJ
cpe-3873	205	15	practice	practice	NOUN
cpe-3873	205	16	.	.	PUNCT
cpe-3873	206	1	journal	journal	NOUN
cpe-3873	206	2	of	of	ADP
cpe-3873	206	3	mixed	mixed	ADJ
cpe-3873	206	4	methods	method	NOUN
cpe-3873	206	5	research	research	NOUN
cpe-3873	206	6	,	,	PUNCT
cpe-3873	206	7	13(2	13(2	PROPN
cpe-3873	206	8	)	)	PUNCT
cpe-3873	206	9	,	,	PUNCT
cpe-3873	206	10	143	143	NUM
cpe-3873	206	11	-	-	SYM
cpe-3873	206	12	162	162	NUM
cpe-3873	206	13	.	.	PUNCT
cpe-3873	207	1	https://doi.org/10.1177/1558689817719610	https://doi.org/10.1177/1558689817719610	PROPN
cpe-3873	207	2	lewis	lewis	PROPN
cpe-3873	207	3	,	,	PUNCT
cpe-3873	207	4	d.	d.	PROPN
cpe-3873	207	5	(	(	PUNCT
cpe-3873	207	6	1973	1973	NUM
cpe-3873	207	7	)	)	PUNCT
cpe-3873	207	8	.	.	PUNCT
cpe-3873	208	1	counterfactuals	counterfactual	NOUN
cpe-3873	208	2	and	and	CCONJ
cpe-3873	208	3	comparative	comparative	ADJ
cpe-3873	208	4	probability	probability	NOUN
cpe-3873	208	5	.	.	PUNCT
cpe-3873	209	1	journal	journal	NOUN
cpe-3873	209	2	of	of	ADP
cpe-3873	209	3	philosophical	philosophical	ADJ
cpe-3873	209	4	logic	logic	NOUN
cpe-3873	209	5	,	,	PUNCT
cpe-3873	209	6	2(4	2(4	NUM
cpe-3873	209	7	)	)	PUNCT
cpe-3873	209	8	,	,	PUNCT
cpe-3873	209	9	418–446	418–446	NUM
cpe-3873	209	10	.	.	PUNCT
cpe-3873	210	1	[	[	X
cpe-3873	210	2	reprinted	reprint	VERB
cpe-3873	210	3	(	(	PUNCT
cpe-3873	210	4	1981	1981	NUM
cpe-3873	210	5	)	)	PUNCT
cpe-3873	210	6	in	in	ADP
cpe-3873	210	7	w.	w.	PROPN
cpe-3873	210	8	l.	l.	PROPN
cpe-3873	210	9	harper	harper	PROPN
cpe-3873	210	10	,	,	PUNCT
cpe-3873	210	11	r.	r.	PROPN
cpe-3873	210	12	stalnaker	stalnaker	PROPN
cpe-3873	210	13	,	,	PUNCT
cpe-3873	210	14	&	&	CCONJ
cpe-3873	210	15	g.	g.	PROPN
cpe-3873	210	16	pearce	pearce	PROPN
cpe-3873	210	17	(	(	PUNCT
cpe-3873	210	18	eds	eds	PROPN
cpe-3873	210	19	.	.	PUNCT
cpe-3873	210	20	)	)	PUNCT
cpe-3873	210	21	,	,	PUNCT
cpe-3873	210	22	ifs	ifs	PROPN
cpe-3873	210	23	(	(	PUNCT
cpe-3873	210	24	pp	pp	ADJ
cpe-3873	210	25	.	.	PUNCT
cpe-3873	211	1	57–85	57–85	NUM
cpe-3873	211	2	)	)	PUNCT
cpe-3873	211	3	.	.	PUNCT
cpe-3873	212	1	dordrecht	dordrecht	PROPN
cpe-3873	212	2	,	,	PUNCT
cpe-3873	212	3	the	the	DET
cpe-3873	212	4	netherlands	netherlands	PROPN
cpe-3873	212	5	:	:	PUNCT
cpe-3873	212	6	d.	d.	PROPN
cpe-3873	212	7	reidel	reidel	PROPN
cpe-3873	212	8	]	]	PUNCT
cpe-3873	212	9	.	.	PUNCT
cpe-3873	213	1	marinescu	marinescu	PROPN
cpe-3873	213	2	,	,	PUNCT
cpe-3873	213	3	i.	i.	PROPN
cpe-3873	213	4	e.	e.	PROPN
cpe-3873	213	5	,	,	PUNCT
cpe-3873	213	6	lawlor	lawlor	PROPN
cpe-3873	213	7	,	,	PUNCT
cpe-3873	213	8	p.	p.	PROPN
cpe-3873	213	9	n.	n.	PROPN
cpe-3873	213	10	,	,	PUNCT
cpe-3873	213	11	&	&	CCONJ
cpe-3873	213	12	kording	kording	PROPN
cpe-3873	213	13	,	,	PUNCT
cpe-3873	213	14	k.	k.	PROPN
cpe-3873	214	1	p.	p.	PROPN
cpe-3873	214	2	(	(	PUNCT
cpe-3873	214	3	2018	2018	NUM
cpe-3873	214	4	)	)	PUNCT
cpe-3873	214	5	.	.	PUNCT
cpe-3873	215	1	quasi	quasi	ADJ
cpe-3873	215	2	-	-	ADJ
cpe-3873	215	3	experimental	experimental	ADJ
cpe-3873	215	4	causality	causality	NOUN
cpe-3873	215	5	in	in	ADP
cpe-3873	215	6	neuroscience	neuroscience	NOUN
cpe-3873	215	7	and	and	CCONJ
cpe-3873	215	8	behavioural	behavioural	ADJ
cpe-3873	215	9	research	research	NOUN
cpe-3873	215	10	.	.	PUNCT
cpe-3873	216	1	nature	nature	NOUN
cpe-3873	216	2	human	human	ADJ
cpe-3873	216	3	behavior	behavior	PROPN
cpe-3873	216	4	,	,	PUNCT
cpe-3873	216	5	2(12	2(12	NUM
cpe-3873	216	6	)	)	PUNCT
cpe-3873	216	7	,	,	PUNCT
cpe-3873	216	8	891	891	NUM
cpe-3873	216	9	-	-	SYM
cpe-3873	216	10	898	898	NUM
cpe-3873	216	11	.	.	PUNCT
cpe-3873	217	1	https://doi.org/10.1038/s41562-018-0466-5	https://doi.org/10.1038/s41562-018-0466-5	NUM
cpe-3873	217	2	mclaughlin	mclaughlin	PROPN
cpe-3873	217	3	,	,	PUNCT
cpe-3873	217	4	k.	k.	PROPN
cpe-3873	217	5	a.	a.	PROPN
cpe-3873	217	6	,	,	PUNCT
cpe-3873	217	7	breslau	breslau	PROPN
cpe-3873	217	8	,	,	PUNCT
cpe-3873	217	9	j.	j.	PROPN
cpe-3873	217	10	,	,	PUNCT
cpe-3873	217	11	green	green	PROPN
cpe-3873	217	12	,	,	PUNCT
cpe-3873	217	13	j.	j.	PROPN
cpe-3873	217	14	g.	g.	PROPN
cpe-3873	217	15	,	,	PUNCT
cpe-3873	217	16	lakoma	lakoma	PROPN
cpe-3873	217	17	,	,	PUNCT
cpe-3873	217	18	m.	m.	NOUN
cpe-3873	217	19	d.	d.	PROPN
cpe-3873	217	20	,	,	PUNCT
cpe-3873	217	21	sampson	sampson	PROPN
cpe-3873	217	22	,	,	PUNCT
cpe-3873	217	23	n.	n.	PROPN
cpe-3873	217	24	a.	a.	PROPN
cpe-3873	217	25	,	,	PUNCT
cpe-3873	217	26	zaslavsky	zaslavsky	NOUN
cpe-3873	217	27	,	,	PUNCT
cpe-3873	217	28	a.	a.	NOUN
cpe-3873	217	29	m.	m.	NOUN
cpe-3873	217	30	,	,	PUNCT
cpe-3873	217	31	&	&	CCONJ
cpe-3873	217	32	kessleret	kessleret	PROPN
cpe-3873	217	33	,	,	PUNCT
cpe-3873	217	34	r.	r.	PROPN
cpe-3873	217	35	c.	c.	PROPN
cpe-3873	217	36	(	(	PUNCT
cpe-3873	217	37	2011	2011	NUM
cpe-3873	217	38	)	)	PUNCT
cpe-3873	217	39	.	.	PUNCT
cpe-3873	218	1	childhood	childhood	PROPN
cpe-3873	218	2	socio	socio	NOUN
cpe-3873	218	3	-	-	PUNCT
cpe-3873	218	4	economic	economic	ADJ
cpe-3873	218	5	status	status	NOUN
cpe-3873	218	6	and	and	CCONJ
cpe-3873	218	7	the	the	DET
cpe-3873	218	8	onset	onset	NOUN
cpe-3873	218	9	,	,	PUNCT
cpe-3873	218	10	persistence	persistence	NOUN
cpe-3873	218	11	,	,	PUNCT
cpe-3873	218	12	and	and	CCONJ
cpe-3873	218	13	severity	severity	NOUN
cpe-3873	218	14	of	of	ADP
cpe-3873	218	15	dsm	dsm	PROPN
cpe-3873	218	16	-	-	PUNCT
cpe-3873	218	17	iv	iv	ADP
cpe-3873	218	18	mental	mental	ADJ
cpe-3873	218	19	disorders	disorder	NOUN
cpe-3873	218	20	in	in	ADP
cpe-3873	218	21	a	a	DET
cpe-3873	218	22	us	us	PROPN
cpe-3873	218	23	national	national	ADJ
cpe-3873	218	24	sample	sample	NOUN
cpe-3873	218	25	.	.	PUNCT
cpe-3873	219	1	social	social	ADJ
cpe-3873	219	2	science	science	PROPN
cpe-3873	219	3	&	&	CCONJ
cpe-3873	219	4	medicine	medicine	NOUN
cpe-3873	219	5	,	,	PUNCT
cpe-3873	219	6	73(7	73(7	NOUN
cpe-3873	219	7	)	)	PUNCT
cpe-3873	219	8	,	,	PUNCT
cpe-3873	219	9	1088	1088	NUM
cpe-3873	219	10	-	-	SYM
cpe-3873	219	11	1096	1096	NUM
cpe-3873	219	12	.	.	PUNCT
cpe-3873	220	1	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2011.06.011	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2011.06.011	PROPN
cpe-3873	220	2	morgan	morgan	PROPN
cpe-3873	220	3	,	,	PUNCT
cpe-3873	220	4	s.	s.	PROPN
cpe-3873	220	5	l.	l.	PROPN
cpe-3873	220	6	,	,	PUNCT
cpe-3873	220	7	&	&	CCONJ
cpe-3873	220	8	winship	winship	NOUN
cpe-3873	220	9	,	,	PUNCT
cpe-3873	220	10	c.	c.	PROPN
cpe-3873	220	11	h.	h.	PROPN
cpe-3873	220	12	(	(	PUNCT
cpe-3873	220	13	2014	2014	NUM
cpe-3873	220	14	)	)	PUNCT
cpe-3873	220	15	.	.	PUNCT
cpe-3873	221	1	counterfactuals	counterfactual	NOUN
cpe-3873	221	2	and	and	CCONJ
cpe-3873	221	3	causal	causal	ADJ
cpe-3873	221	4	inference	inference	NOUN
cpe-3873	221	5	.	.	PUNCT
cpe-3873	222	1	methods	method	NOUN
cpe-3873	222	2	and	and	CCONJ
cpe-3873	222	3	principles	principle	NOUN
cpe-3873	222	4	for	for	ADP
cpe-3873	222	5	social	social	ADJ
cpe-3873	222	6	research	research	NOUN
cpe-3873	222	7	(	(	PUNCT
cpe-3873	222	8	2nd	2nd	ADJ
cpe-3873	222	9	ed	ed	NOUN
cpe-3873	222	10	.	.	PUNCT
cpe-3873	222	11	)	)	PUNCT
cpe-3873	222	12	.	.	PUNCT
cpe-3873	223	1	cambridge	cambridge	PROPN
cpe-3873	223	2	,	,	PUNCT
cpe-3873	223	3	united	united	ADJ
cpe-3873	223	4	kingdom	kingdom	PROPN
cpe-3873	223	5	:	:	PUNCT
cpe-3873	223	6	cambridge	cambridge	PROPN
cpe-3873	223	7	university	university	PROPN
cpe-3873	223	8	press	press	NOUN
cpe-3873	223	9	.	.	PUNCT
cpe-3873	224	1	pasche	pasche	PROPN
cpe-3873	224	2	,	,	PUNCT
cpe-3873	224	3	s.	s.	PROPN
cpe-3873	224	4	(	(	PUNCT
cpe-3873	224	5	2012	2012	NUM
cpe-3873	224	6	)	)	PUNCT
cpe-3873	224	7	.	.	PUNCT
cpe-3873	225	1	exploring	explore	VERB
cpe-3873	225	2	the	the	DET
cpe-3873	225	3	comorbidity	comorbidity	NOUN
cpe-3873	225	4	of	of	ADP
cpe-3873	225	5	anxiety	anxiety	NOUN
cpe-3873	225	6	and	and	CCONJ
cpe-3873	225	7	substance	substance	NOUN
cpe-3873	225	8	use	use	NOUN
cpe-3873	225	9	disorders	disorder	NOUN
cpe-3873	225	10	.	.	PUNCT
cpe-3873	226	1	current	current	ADJ
cpe-3873	226	2	psychiatry	psychiatry	NOUN
cpe-3873	226	3	report	report	NOUN
cpe-3873	226	4	,	,	PUNCT
cpe-3873	226	5	14(3	14(3	NUM
cpe-3873	226	6	)	)	PUNCT
cpe-3873	226	7	,	,	PUNCT
cpe-3873	226	8	176	176	NUM
cpe-3873	226	9	-	-	SYM
cpe-3873	226	10	181	181	NUM
cpe-3873	226	11	.	.	PUNCT
cpe-3873	227	1	https://doi.org/10.1007/s11920-012-0264-0	https://doi.org/10.1007/s11920-012-0264-0	NUM
cpe-3873	227	2	pearl	pearl	NOUN
cpe-3873	227	3	,	,	PUNCT
cpe-3873	227	4	j.	j.	PROPN
cpe-3873	227	5	(	(	PUNCT
cpe-3873	227	6	2009	2009	NUM
cpe-3873	227	7	)	)	PUNCT
cpe-3873	227	8	.	.	PUNCT
cpe-3873	228	1	causality	causality	NOUN
cpe-3873	228	2	,	,	PUNCT
cpe-3873	228	3	models	model	NOUN
cpe-3873	228	4	,	,	PUNCT
cpe-3873	228	5	reasoning	reasoning	NOUN
cpe-3873	228	6	and	and	CCONJ
cpe-3873	228	7	inference	inference	NOUN
cpe-3873	228	8	(	(	PUNCT
cpe-3873	228	9	2nd	2nd	ADJ
cpe-3873	228	10	ed	ed	NOUN
cpe-3873	228	11	.	.	PUNCT
cpe-3873	228	12	)	)	PUNCT
cpe-3873	228	13	.	.	PUNCT
cpe-3873	229	1	cambridge	cambridge	PROPN
cpe-3873	229	2	,	,	PUNCT
cpe-3873	229	3	united	united	ADJ
cpe-3873	229	4	kingdom	kingdom	PROPN
cpe-3873	229	5	:	:	PUNCT
cpe-3873	229	6	cambridge	cambridge	PROPN
cpe-3873	229	7	university	university	PROPN
cpe-3873	229	8	press	press	NOUN
cpe-3873	229	9	.	.	PUNCT
cpe-3873	230	1	pearl	pearl	PROPN
cpe-3873	230	2	,	,	PUNCT
cpe-3873	230	3	j.	j.	PROPN
cpe-3873	230	4	(	(	PUNCT
cpe-3873	230	5	2013	2013	NUM
cpe-3873	230	6	)	)	PUNCT
cpe-3873	230	7	.	.	PUNCT
cpe-3873	231	1	structural	structural	ADJ
cpe-3873	231	2	counterfactuals	counterfactual	NOUN
cpe-3873	231	3	:	:	PUNCT
cpe-3873	231	4	a	a	DET
cpe-3873	231	5	brief	brief	ADJ
cpe-3873	231	6	introduction	introduction	NOUN
cpe-3873	231	7	.	.	PUNCT
cpe-3873	232	1	cognitive	cognitive	ADJ
cpe-3873	232	2	science	science	NOUN
cpe-3873	232	3	,	,	PUNCT
cpe-3873	232	4	37(6	37(6	NUM
cpe-3873	232	5	)	)	PUNCT
cpe-3873	232	6	,	,	PUNCT
cpe-3873	232	7	977	977	NUM
cpe-3873	232	8	-	-	SYM
cpe-3873	232	9	985	985	NUM
cpe-3873	232	10	.	.	PUNCT
cpe-3873	233	1	https://doi.org/10.1111/cogs.12065	https://doi.org/10.1111/cogs.12065	PROPN
cpe-3873	233	2	pearl	pearl	PROPN
cpe-3873	233	3	,	,	PUNCT
cpe-3873	233	4	j.	j.	PROPN
cpe-3873	233	5	,	,	PUNCT
cpe-3873	233	6	&	&	CCONJ
cpe-3873	233	7	mackenzie	mackenzie	PROPN
cpe-3873	233	8	,	,	PUNCT
cpe-3873	233	9	d.	d.	PROPN
cpe-3873	233	10	(	(	PUNCT
cpe-3873	233	11	2018	2018	NUM
cpe-3873	233	12	)	)	PUNCT
cpe-3873	233	13	.	.	PUNCT
cpe-3873	234	1	the	the	DET
cpe-3873	234	2	book	book	NOUN
cpe-3873	234	3	of	of	ADP
cpe-3873	234	4	why	why	SCONJ
cpe-3873	234	5	:	:	PUNCT
cpe-3873	234	6	the	the	DET
cpe-3873	234	7	new	new	ADJ
cpe-3873	234	8	science	science	NOUN
cpe-3873	234	9	of	of	ADP
cpe-3873	234	10	cause	cause	NOUN
cpe-3873	234	11	and	and	CCONJ
cpe-3873	234	12	effect	effect	NOUN
cpe-3873	234	13	.	.	PUNCT
cpe-3873	235	1	new	new	PROPN
cpe-3873	235	2	york	york	PROPN
cpe-3873	235	3	,	,	PUNCT
cpe-3873	235	4	ny	ny	PROPN
cpe-3873	235	5	,	,	PUNCT
cpe-3873	235	6	usa	usa	PROPN
cpe-3873	235	7	:	:	PUNCT
cpe-3873	235	8	basic	basic	ADJ
cpe-3873	235	9	books	book	NOUN
cpe-3873	235	10	.	.	PUNCT
cpe-3873	236	1	petersen	petersen	PROPN
cpe-3873	236	2	,	,	PUNCT
cpe-3873	236	3	m.	m.	PROPN
cpe-3873	236	4	l.	l.	PROPN
cpe-3873	236	5	,	,	PUNCT
cpe-3873	236	6	&	&	CCONJ
cpe-3873	236	7	van	van	PROPN
cpe-3873	236	8	der	der	PROPN
cpe-3873	236	9	laan	laan	PROPN
cpe-3873	236	10	,	,	PUNCT
cpe-3873	236	11	m.	m.	PROPN
cpe-3873	236	12	j.	j.	PROPN
cpe-3873	236	13	(	(	PUNCT
cpe-3873	236	14	2014	2014	NUM
cpe-3873	236	15	)	)	PUNCT
cpe-3873	236	16	.	.	PUNCT
cpe-3873	237	1	causal	causal	ADJ
cpe-3873	237	2	models	model	NOUN
cpe-3873	237	3	and	and	CCONJ
cpe-3873	237	4	learning	learn	VERB
cpe-3873	237	5	from	from	ADP
cpe-3873	237	6	data	datum	NOUN
cpe-3873	237	7	:	:	PUNCT
cpe-3873	237	8	integrating	integrate	VERB
cpe-3873	237	9	causal	causal	ADJ
cpe-3873	237	10	modeling	modeling	NOUN
cpe-3873	237	11	and	and	CCONJ
cpe-3873	237	12	statistical	statistical	ADJ
cpe-3873	237	13	estimation	estimation	NOUN
cpe-3873	237	14	.	.	PUNCT
cpe-3873	238	1	epidemiology	epidemiology	NOUN
cpe-3873	238	2	,	,	PUNCT
cpe-3873	238	3	25(3	25(3	NUM
cpe-3873	238	4	)	)	PUNCT
cpe-3873	238	5	,	,	PUNCT
cpe-3873	238	6	418	418	NUM
cpe-3873	238	7	-	-	SYM
cpe-3873	238	8	426	426	NUM
cpe-3873	238	9	.	.	PUNCT
cpe-3873	239	1	https://doi.org/10.1097/ede.0000000000000078	https://doi.org/10.1097/ede.0000000000000078	PROPN
cpe-3873	239	2	scarpa	scarpa	PROPN
cpe-3873	239	3	,	,	PUNCT
cpe-3873	239	4	b.	b.	PROPN
cpe-3873	239	5	(	(	PUNCT
cpe-3873	239	6	2016	2016	NUM
cpe-3873	239	7	)	)	PUNCT
cpe-3873	239	8	.	.	PUNCT
cpe-3873	240	1	bayesian	bayesian	NOUN
cpe-3873	240	2	inference	inference	NOUN
cpe-3873	240	3	on	on	ADP
cpe-3873	240	4	predictors	predictor	NOUN
cpe-3873	240	5	of	of	ADP
cpe-3873	240	6	sex	sex	NOUN
cpe-3873	240	7	of	of	ADP
cpe-3873	240	8	the	the	DET
cpe-3873	240	9	baby	baby	NOUN
cpe-3873	240	10	.	.	PUNCT
cpe-3873	241	1	frontiers	frontier	NOUN
cpe-3873	241	2	in	in	ADP
cpe-3873	241	3	public	public	ADJ
cpe-3873	241	4	health	health	NOUN
cpe-3873	241	5	,	,	PUNCT
cpe-3873	241	6	4	4	NUM
cpe-3873	241	7	,	,	PUNCT
cpe-3873	241	8	article	article	NOUN
cpe-3873	241	9	102	102	NUM
cpe-3873	241	10	.	.	PUNCT
cpe-3873	242	1	https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2016.00102	https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2016.00102	PROPN
cpe-3873	242	2	schmidt	schmidt	NOUN
cpe-3873	242	3	,	,	PUNCT
cpe-3873	242	4	n.	n.	PROPN
cpe-3873	242	5	b.	b.	PROPN
cpe-3873	242	6	,	,	PUNCT
cpe-3873	242	7	buckner	buckner	PROPN
cpe-3873	242	8	,	,	PUNCT
cpe-3873	242	9	j.	j.	PROPN
cpe-3873	242	10	d.	d.	PROPN
cpe-3873	242	11	,	,	PUNCT
cpe-3873	242	12	&	&	CCONJ
cpe-3873	242	13	keough	keough	PROPN
cpe-3873	242	14	,	,	PUNCT
cpe-3873	242	15	m.	m.	PROPN
cpe-3873	242	16	e.	e.	PROPN
cpe-3873	242	17	(	(	PUNCT
cpe-3873	242	18	2007	2007	NUM
cpe-3873	242	19	)	)	PUNCT
cpe-3873	242	20	.	.	PUNCT
cpe-3873	243	1	anxiety	anxiety	NOUN
cpe-3873	243	2	sensitivity	sensitivity	NOUN
cpe-3873	243	3	as	as	ADP
cpe-3873	243	4	a	a	DET
cpe-3873	243	5	prospective	prospective	ADJ
cpe-3873	243	6	predictor	predictor	NOUN
cpe-3873	243	7	of	of	ADP
cpe-3873	243	8	alcohol	alcohol	NOUN
cpe-3873	243	9	use	use	NOUN
cpe-3873	243	10	disorders	disorder	NOUN
cpe-3873	243	11	.	.	PUNCT
cpe-3873	244	1	behavior	behavior	NOUN
cpe-3873	244	2	modification	modification	NOUN
cpe-3873	244	3	,	,	PUNCT
cpe-3873	244	4	31(2	31(2	NUM
cpe-3873	244	5	)	)	PUNCT
cpe-3873	244	6	,	,	PUNCT
cpe-3873	244	7	202	202	NUM
cpe-3873	244	8	-	-	SYM
cpe-3873	244	9	219	219	NUM
cpe-3873	244	10	.	.	PUNCT
cpe-3873	245	1	https://doi.org/10.1177/0145445506297019	https://doi.org/10.1177/0145445506297019	PROPN
cpe-3873	245	2	uher	uher	NOUN
cpe-3873	245	3	,	,	PUNCT
cpe-3873	245	4	r.	r.	PROPN
cpe-3873	245	5	,	,	PUNCT
cpe-3873	245	6	&	&	CCONJ
cpe-3873	245	7	zwicker	zwicker	PROPN
cpe-3873	245	8	,	,	PUNCT
cpe-3873	245	9	a.	a.	NOUN
cpe-3873	245	10	(	(	PUNCT
cpe-3873	245	11	2017	2017	NUM
cpe-3873	245	12	)	)	PUNCT
cpe-3873	245	13	.	.	PUNCT
cpe-3873	246	1	etiology	etiology	NOUN
cpe-3873	246	2	in	in	ADP
cpe-3873	246	3	psychiatry	psychiatry	NOUN
cpe-3873	246	4	:	:	PUNCT
cpe-3873	246	5	embracing	embrace	VERB
cpe-3873	246	6	the	the	DET
cpe-3873	246	7	reality	reality	NOUN
cpe-3873	246	8	of	of	ADP
cpe-3873	246	9	poly	poly	ADJ
cpe-3873	246	10	-	-	PUNCT
cpe-3873	246	11	geneenvironmental	geneenvironmental	ADJ
cpe-3873	246	12	causation	causation	NOUN
cpe-3873	246	13	of	of	ADP
cpe-3873	246	14	mental	mental	ADJ
cpe-3873	246	15	illness	illness	NOUN
cpe-3873	246	16	.	.	PUNCT
cpe-3873	247	1	world	world	NOUN
cpe-3873	247	2	psychiatry	psychiatry	PROPN
cpe-3873	247	3	,	,	PUNCT
cpe-3873	247	4	16(2	16(2	NUM
cpe-3873	247	5	)	)	PUNCT
cpe-3873	247	6	,	,	PUNCT
cpe-3873	247	7	121	121	NUM
cpe-3873	247	8	-	-	SYM
cpe-3873	247	9	129	129	NUM
cpe-3873	247	10	.	.	PUNCT
cpe-3873	248	1	https://doi.org/10.1002/wps.20436	https://doi.org/10.1002/wps.20436	ADJ
cpe-3873	248	2	höfler	höfler	NOUN
cpe-3873	248	3	,	,	PUNCT
cpe-3873	248	4	trautmann	trautmann	PROPN
cpe-3873	248	5	,	,	PUNCT
cpe-3873	248	6	&	&	CCONJ
cpe-3873	248	7	kanske	kanske	PROPN
cpe-3873	248	8	11	11	NUM
cpe-3873	248	9	clinical	clinical	ADJ
cpe-3873	248	10	psychology	psychology	NOUN
cpe-3873	248	11	in	in	ADP
cpe-3873	248	12	europe	europe	PROPN
cpe-3873	248	13	2021	2021	NUM
cpe-3873	248	14	,	,	PUNCT
cpe-3873	248	15	vol	vol	NOUN
cpe-3873	248	16	.	.	PUNCT
cpe-3873	248	17	3(2	3(2	NUM
cpe-3873	248	18	)	)	PUNCT
cpe-3873	248	19	,	,	PUNCT
cpe-3873	248	20	article	article	NOUN
cpe-3873	248	21	e3873	e3873	PRON
cpe-3873	248	22	https://doi.org/10.32872/cpe.3873	https://doi.org/10.32872/cpe.3873	VERB
cpe-3873	248	23	https://doi.org/10.1186/s12874-018-0490-1	https://doi.org/10.1186/s12874-018-0490-1	PROPN
cpe-3873	248	24	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2013.03.019	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2013.03.019	PROPN
cpe-3873	248	25	https://doi.org/10.1177/1558689817719610	https://doi.org/10.1177/1558689817719610	PROPN
cpe-3873	248	26	https://doi.org/10.1038/s41562-018-0466-5	https://doi.org/10.1038/s41562-018-0466-5	NUM
cpe-3873	248	27	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2011.06.011	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2011.06.011	PROPN
cpe-3873	248	28	https://doi.org/10.1007/s11920-012-0264-0	https://doi.org/10.1007/s11920-012-0264-0	NUM
cpe-3873	248	29	https://doi.org/10.1111/cogs.12065	https://doi.org/10.1111/cogs.12065	NOUN
cpe-3873	249	1	https://doi.org/10.1097/ede.0000000000000078	https://doi.org/10.1097/ede.0000000000000078	PROPN
cpe-3873	249	2	https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2016.00102	https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2016.00102	PROPN
cpe-3873	249	3	https://doi.org/10.1177/0145445506297019	https://doi.org/10.1177/0145445506297019	CCONJ
cpe-3873	249	4	https://doi.org/10.1002/wps.20436	https://doi.org/10.1002/wps.20436	ADJ
cpe-3873	249	5	https://www.psychopen.eu/	https://www.psychopen.eu/	PROPN
cpe-3873	249	6	vanderweele	vanderweele	NOUN
cpe-3873	249	7	,	,	PUNCT
cpe-3873	249	8	t.	t.	PROPN
cpe-3873	249	9	j.	j.	PROPN
cpe-3873	249	10	(	(	PUNCT
cpe-3873	249	11	2016	2016	NUM
cpe-3873	249	12	)	)	PUNCT
cpe-3873	249	13	.	.	PUNCT
cpe-3873	250	1	commentary	commentary	NOUN
cpe-3873	250	2	:	:	PUNCT
cpe-3873	250	3	on	on	ADP
cpe-3873	250	4	causes	cause	NOUN
cpe-3873	250	5	,	,	PUNCT
cpe-3873	250	6	causal	causal	ADJ
cpe-3873	250	7	inference	inference	NOUN
cpe-3873	250	8	,	,	PUNCT
cpe-3873	250	9	and	and	CCONJ
cpe-3873	250	10	potential	potential	ADJ
cpe-3873	250	11	outcomes	outcome	NOUN
cpe-3873	250	12	.	.	PUNCT
cpe-3873	251	1	international	international	ADJ
cpe-3873	251	2	journal	journal	NOUN
cpe-3873	251	3	of	of	ADP
cpe-3873	251	4	epidemiology	epidemiology	NOUN
cpe-3873	251	5	,	,	PUNCT
cpe-3873	251	6	45(6	45(6	NUM
cpe-3873	251	7	)	)	PUNCT
cpe-3873	251	8	,	,	PUNCT
cpe-3873	251	9	1809	1809	NUM
cpe-3873	251	10	-	-	SYM
cpe-3873	251	11	1816	1816	NUM
cpe-3873	251	12	.	.	PUNCT
cpe-3873	252	1	https://doi.org/10.1093/ije/dyw230	https://doi.org/10.1093/ije/dyw230	VERB
cpe-3873	252	2	clinical	clinical	ADJ
cpe-3873	252	3	psychology	psychology	NOUN
cpe-3873	252	4	in	in	ADP
cpe-3873	252	5	europe	europe	PROPN
cpe-3873	252	6	(	(	PUNCT
cpe-3873	252	7	cpe	cpe	PROPN
cpe-3873	252	8	)	)	PUNCT
cpe-3873	252	9	is	be	AUX
cpe-3873	252	10	the	the	DET
cpe-3873	252	11	official	official	ADJ
cpe-3873	252	12	journal	journal	NOUN
cpe-3873	252	13	of	of	ADP
cpe-3873	252	14	the	the	DET
cpe-3873	252	15	european	european	PROPN
cpe-3873	252	16	association	association	PROPN
cpe-3873	252	17	of	of	ADP
cpe-3873	252	18	clinical	clinical	ADJ
cpe-3873	252	19	psychology	psychology	NOUN
cpe-3873	252	20	and	and	CCONJ
cpe-3873	252	21	psychological	psychological	ADJ
cpe-3873	252	22	treatment	treatment	NOUN
cpe-3873	252	23	(	(	PUNCT
cpe-3873	252	24	eaclipt	eaclipt	ADJ
cpe-3873	252	25	)	)	PUNCT
cpe-3873	252	26	.	.	PUNCT
cpe-3873	253	1	psychopen	psychopen	ADJ
cpe-3873	253	2	gold	gold	NOUN
cpe-3873	253	3	is	be	AUX
cpe-3873	253	4	a	a	DET
cpe-3873	253	5	publishing	publishing	NOUN
cpe-3873	253	6	service	service	NOUN
cpe-3873	253	7	by	by	ADP
cpe-3873	253	8	leibniz	leibniz	PROPN
cpe-3873	253	9	institute	institute	PROPN
cpe-3873	253	10	for	for	ADP
cpe-3873	253	11	psychology	psychology	NOUN
cpe-3873	253	12	(	(	PUNCT
cpe-3873	253	13	zpid	zpid	NOUN
cpe-3873	253	14	)	)	PUNCT
cpe-3873	253	15	,	,	PUNCT
cpe-3873	253	16	germany	germany	PROPN
cpe-3873	253	17	.	.	PUNCT
cpe-3873	254	1	qualitative	qualitative	ADJ
cpe-3873	254	2	approximations	approximation	NOUN
cpe-3873	254	3	to	to	ADP
cpe-3873	254	4	causality	causality	NOUN
cpe-3873	254	5	12	12	NUM
cpe-3873	254	6	clinical	clinical	ADJ
cpe-3873	254	7	psychology	psychology	NOUN
cpe-3873	254	8	in	in	ADP
cpe-3873	254	9	europe	europe	PROPN
cpe-3873	254	10	2021	2021	NUM
cpe-3873	254	11	,	,	PUNCT
cpe-3873	254	12	vol	vol	NOUN
cpe-3873	254	13	.	.	PUNCT
cpe-3873	254	14	3(2	3(2	NUM
cpe-3873	254	15	)	)	PUNCT
cpe-3873	254	16	,	,	PUNCT
cpe-3873	254	17	article	article	NOUN
cpe-3873	254	18	e3873	e3873	PRON
cpe-3873	254	19	https://doi.org/10.32872/cpe.3873	https://doi.org/10.32872/cpe.3873	VERB
cpe-3873	254	20	https://doi.org/10.1093/ije/dyw230	https://doi.org/10.1093/ije/dyw230	NOUN
cpe-3873	254	21	https://www.psychopen.eu/	https://www.psychopen.eu/	VERB
cpe-3873	254	22	qualitative	qualitative	ADJ
cpe-3873	254	23	approximations	approximation	NOUN
cpe-3873	254	24	to	to	ADP
cpe-3873	254	25	causality	causality	NOUN
cpe-3873	254	26	(	(	PUNCT
cpe-3873	254	27	introduction	introduction	NOUN
cpe-3873	254	28	)	)	PUNCT
cpe-3873	254	29	the	the	DET
cpe-3873	254	30	specific	specific	ADJ
cpe-3873	254	31	problem	problem	NOUN
cpe-3873	254	32	of	of	ADP
cpe-3873	254	33	causality	causality	NOUN
cpe-3873	254	34	in	in	ADP
cpe-3873	254	35	observational	observational	ADJ
cpe-3873	254	36	studies	study	NOUN
cpe-3873	254	37	aim	aim	VERB
cpe-3873	254	38	of	of	ADP
cpe-3873	254	39	this	this	DET
cpe-3873	254	40	paper	paper	NOUN
cpe-3873	254	41	qualitative	qualitative	NOUN
cpe-3873	254	42	approaches	approach	VERB
cpe-3873	254	43	gender	gender	NOUN
cpe-3873	254	44	effects	effect	NOUN
cpe-3873	254	45	and	and	CCONJ
cpe-3873	254	46	the	the	DET
cpe-3873	254	47	basic	basic	ADJ
cpe-3873	254	48	bias	bias	NOUN
cpe-3873	254	49	relation	relation	NOUN
cpe-3873	254	50	upward	upward	ADJ
cpe-3873	254	51	bias	bias	NOUN
cpe-3873	254	52	through	through	ADP
cpe-3873	254	53	confounders	confounder	NOUN
cpe-3873	254	54	that	that	PRON
cpe-3873	254	55	affect	affect	VERB
cpe-3873	254	56	x	x	PUNCT
cpe-3873	254	57	and	and	CCONJ
cpe-3873	254	58	y	y	PROPN
cpe-3873	254	59	with	with	ADP
cpe-3873	254	60	the	the	DET
cpe-3873	254	61	same	same	ADJ
cpe-3873	254	62	sign	sign	NOUN
cpe-3873	254	63	counterfactuals	counterfactual	NOUN
cpe-3873	254	64	and	and	CCONJ
cpe-3873	254	65	a	a	DET
cpe-3873	254	66	defendable	defendable	ADJ
cpe-3873	254	67	assumption	assumption	NOUN
cpe-3873	254	68	on	on	ADP
cpe-3873	254	69	them	they	PRON
cpe-3873	254	70	granger	granger	PROPN
cpe-3873	254	71	causality	causality	PROPN
cpe-3873	254	72	directed	direct	VERB
cpe-3873	254	73	acyclic	acyclic	ADJ
cpe-3873	254	74	graphs	graph	NOUN
cpe-3873	254	75	qualitative	qualitative	ADJ
cpe-3873	254	76	assumptions	assumption	NOUN
cpe-3873	254	77	may	may	AUX
cpe-3873	254	78	make	make	VERB
cpe-3873	254	79	quantitative	quantitative	ADJ
cpe-3873	254	80	approaches	approach	NOUN
cpe-3873	254	81	seem	seem	VERB
cpe-3873	254	82	premature	premature	ADJ
cpe-3873	254	83	conclusions	conclusion	NOUN
cpe-3873	254	84	(	(	PUNCT
cpe-3873	254	85	additional	additional	ADJ
cpe-3873	254	86	information	information	NOUN
cpe-3873	254	87	)	)	PUNCT
cpe-3873	254	88	funding	funding	NOUN
cpe-3873	254	89	acknowledgments	acknowledgment	NOUN
cpe-3873	254	90	competing	compete	VERB
cpe-3873	254	91	interests	interest	NOUN
cpe-3873	254	92	supplementary	supplementary	ADJ
cpe-3873	254	93	materials	material	NOUN
cpe-3873	254	94	references	reference	NOUN