id	author	title	date	pages	extension	mime	words	sentence	flesch	summary	cache	txt
ct-9333	Fontbonne, Alain ; Maenhoudt, Cindy ; Mendes, Bruna 	Is there a future for surgical contraception in the dog?	2021	6	.pdf	application/pdf	5399	269	53	Other problems potentially linked with gonadectomy Bone and joint problems Among 1,170 intact German shepherd male dogs, 7% were diagnosed with at least 1 of 3 diseases (hip dysplasia, elbow dysplasia, and Clinical Theriogenology 2021; 13: 163 cranial cruciate ligament rupture) and in neutered male dogs (neutered before 1 year of age), this incidence was significantly higher (21%).30 Similarly, females spayed before 1 year of age had a significantly higher risk (17%) to develop at least 1 of these 3 orthopedic disorders compared to intact females (5%). Regarding hip dysplasia, in neutered male dogs of various breeds and sizes were significantly more likely to have clinical signs of hip dysplasia than dogs in the other study groups (intact males, intact females, and spayed females) (OR = 1.21; 95% CI = [1.18-1.24]).32 However, breed is another important risk factor to consider.	cache/ct-9333.pdf	txt/ct-9333.txt