id	author	title	date	pages	extension	mime	words	sentence	flesch	summary	cache	txt
ct-9349	Ondrak, Jeff 	Review of bovine trichomoniasis	2021	5	.pdf	application/pdf	3741	194	48	Fetal loss is followed by 2 - 6 months of infertility, as the immune system cleared the parasite from the reproductive tract.19 This immune response led to a limited amnestic response to repeated T. foetus infection as demonstrated in multiple studies, with the longest estimated duration of partially protective immunity being < 15 months.21 With some notable exceptions (namely pyometra and chronic infection) complete clearance of T. foetus from the female reproductive tract typically occurs in 5 - 20 weeks.18 Pyometra may be an earliest clinical sign of T. foetus infection in a cow herd;22 in affected cows, purulent debris in the uterine lumen frequently had large numbers of T. foetus.2 Cows were infective for as long as 300 days23 or 22 months postbreeding.24 Carrier cows had infection through normal pregnancy with T. foetus isolated up to 9 weeks25 or 63 - 97 days26 after delivery of an apparently normal calf. Cows exposed to T. foetus infected bulls had calving intervals of 96.5 and 98.9 days longer than nonexposed cows during the first and second years of herd infection, respectively.21 Herd records would specifically identify this herd-based clinical sign, or it may be recognized due to an increased number of cows calving late in the calving season or lower weaning weights due to younger calves at weaning.	cache/ct-9349.pdf	txt/ct-9349.txt