id sid tid token lemma pos ct-11199 1 1 1 1 NUM ct-11199 1 2 contact contact PROPN ct-11199 1 3 alyssa alyssa PROPN ct-11199 1 4 shelby shelby PROPN ct-11199 1 5 a.thomas2017@gmail.com a.thomas2017@gmail.com X ct-11199 1 6 © © PROPN ct-11199 1 7 2025 2025 NUM ct-11199 1 8 the the DET ct-11199 1 9 author(s author(s NOUN ct-11199 1 10 ) ) PUNCT ct-11199 1 11 . . PUNCT ct-11199 2 1 this this PRON ct-11199 2 2 is be AUX ct-11199 2 3 an an DET ct-11199 2 4 open open ADJ ct-11199 2 5 access access NOUN ct-11199 2 6 article article NOUN ct-11199 2 7 distributed distribute VERB ct-11199 2 8 under under ADP ct-11199 2 9 the the DET ct-11199 2 10 terms term NOUN ct-11199 2 11 of of ADP ct-11199 2 12 the the DET ct-11199 2 13 creative creative ADJ ct-11199 2 14 commons common NOUN ct-11199 2 15 attribution attribution NOUN ct-11199 2 16 - - PUNCT ct-11199 2 17 noncommercial noncommercial ADJ ct-11199 2 18 4.0 4.0 NUM ct-11199 2 19 international international ADJ ct-11199 2 20 license license NOUN ct-11199 2 21 ( ( PUNCT ct-11199 2 22 http:// http:// PROPN ct-11199 2 23 creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ NOUN ct-11199 2 24 ) ) PUNCT ct-11199 2 25 , , PUNCT ct-11199 2 26 permitting permit VERB ct-11199 2 27 all all DET ct-11199 2 28 noncommercial noncommercial ADJ ct-11199 2 29 use use NOUN ct-11199 2 30 , , PUNCT ct-11199 2 31 distribution distribution NOUN ct-11199 2 32 , , PUNCT ct-11199 2 33 and and CCONJ ct-11199 2 34 reproduction reproduction NOUN ct-11199 2 35 in in ADP ct-11199 2 36 any any DET ct-11199 2 37 medium medium NOUN ct-11199 2 38 , , PUNCT ct-11199 2 39 provided provide VERB ct-11199 2 40 the the DET ct-11199 2 41 original original ADJ ct-11199 2 42 work work NOUN ct-11199 2 43 is be AUX ct-11199 2 44 properly properly ADV ct-11199 2 45 cited cite VERB ct-11199 2 46 . . PUNCT ct-11199 3 1 citation citation NOUN ct-11199 3 2 : : PUNCT ct-11199 3 3 clinical clinical ADJ ct-11199 3 4 theriogenology theriogenology NOUN ct-11199 3 5 2025 2025 NUM ct-11199 3 6 , , PUNCT ct-11199 3 7 17 17 NUM ct-11199 3 8 , , PUNCT ct-11199 3 9 11199 11199 NUM ct-11199 3 10 , , PUNCT ct-11199 3 11 http://dx.doi.org/10.58292/ct.v17.11199 http://dx.doi.org/10.58292/ct.v17.11199 NOUN ct-11199 3 12 case case NOUN ct-11199 3 13 report report VERB ct-11199 3 14 scrotal scrotal ADJ ct-11199 3 15 swelling swell VERB ct-11199 3 16 with with ADP ct-11199 3 17 suppurative suppurative ADJ ct-11199 3 18 and and CCONJ ct-11199 3 19 necrotizing necrotizing NOUN ct-11199 3 20 epididymitis epididymitis NOUN ct-11199 3 21 , , PUNCT ct-11199 3 22 and and CCONJ ct-11199 3 23 funiculitis funiculitis NOUN ct-11199 3 24 in in ADP ct-11199 3 25 a a DET ct-11199 3 26 dog dog NOUN ct-11199 3 27 alyssa alyssa PROPN ct-11199 3 28 shelby shelby PROPN ct-11199 3 29 , , PUNCT ct-11199 3 30 a a DET ct-11199 3 31 dalen dalen VERB ct-11199 3 32 agnew agnew PROPN ct-11199 3 33 , , PUNCT ct-11199 3 34 b b PROPN ct-11199 3 35 bruce bruce PROPN ct-11199 3 36 christensena christensena NOUN ct-11199 3 37 akokopelli akokopelli PROPN ct-11199 3 38 veterinary veterinary ADJ ct-11199 3 39 center center NOUN ct-11199 3 40 , , PUNCT ct-11199 3 41 sacramento sacramento PROPN ct-11199 3 42 , , PUNCT ct-11199 3 43 ca ca PROPN ct-11199 3 44 , , PUNCT ct-11199 3 45 usa usa PROPN ct-11199 3 46 bmichigan bmichigan VERB ct-11199 3 47 state state PROPN ct-11199 3 48 university university PROPN ct-11199 3 49 veterinary veterinary ADJ ct-11199 3 50 diagnostic diagnostic ADJ ct-11199 3 51 laboratory laboratory NOUN ct-11199 3 52 , , PUNCT ct-11199 3 53 lansing lansing PROPN ct-11199 3 54 , , PUNCT ct-11199 3 55 mi mi PROPN ct-11199 3 56 , , PUNCT ct-11199 3 57 usa usa PROPN ct-11199 3 58 abstract abstract PROPN ct-11199 3 59 an an DET ct-11199 3 60 8 8 NUM ct-11199 3 61 - - PUNCT ct-11199 3 62 year year NOUN ct-11199 3 63 , , PUNCT ct-11199 3 64 intact intact ADJ ct-11199 3 65 male male ADJ ct-11199 3 66 dog dog NOUN ct-11199 3 67 , , PUNCT ct-11199 3 68 was be AUX ct-11199 3 69 presented present VERB ct-11199 3 70 with with ADP ct-11199 3 71 a a DET ct-11199 3 72 swollen swollen ADJ ct-11199 3 73 and and CCONJ ct-11199 3 74 painful painful ADJ ct-11199 3 75 scrotum scrotum NOUN ct-11199 3 76 . . PUNCT ct-11199 4 1 the the DET ct-11199 4 2 dog dog NOUN ct-11199 4 3 was be AUX ct-11199 4 4 deemed deem VERB ct-11199 4 5 a a DET ct-11199 4 6 valuable valuable ADJ ct-11199 4 7 part part NOUN ct-11199 4 8 of of ADP ct-11199 4 9 the the DET ct-11199 4 10 client client NOUN ct-11199 4 11 ’s ’s PART ct-11199 4 12 breeding breeding NOUN ct-11199 4 13 program program NOUN ct-11199 4 14 and and CCONJ ct-11199 4 15 hemicastration hemicastration NOUN ct-11199 4 16 was be AUX ct-11199 4 17 performed perform VERB ct-11199 4 18 in in ADP ct-11199 4 19 order order NOUN ct-11199 4 20 to to PART ct-11199 4 21 preserve preserve VERB ct-11199 4 22 fertility fertility NOUN ct-11199 4 23 . . PUNCT ct-11199 5 1 hemicastration hemicastration NOUN ct-11199 5 2 is be AUX ct-11199 5 3 a a DET ct-11199 5 4 viable viable ADJ ct-11199 5 5 option option NOUN ct-11199 5 6 and and CCONJ ct-11199 5 7 should should AUX ct-11199 5 8 be be AUX ct-11199 5 9 considered consider VERB ct-11199 5 10 for for ADP ct-11199 5 11 preserving preserve VERB ct-11199 5 12 fertility fertility NOUN ct-11199 5 13 in in ADP ct-11199 5 14 males male NOUN ct-11199 5 15 deemed deem VERB ct-11199 5 16 valuable valuable ADJ ct-11199 5 17 for for ADP ct-11199 5 18 breeding breeding NOUN ct-11199 5 19 . . PUNCT ct-11199 6 1 hemicastration hemicastration NOUN ct-11199 6 2 can can AUX ct-11199 6 3 be be AUX ct-11199 6 4 performed perform VERB ct-11199 6 5 by by ADP ct-11199 6 6 general general ADJ ct-11199 6 7 practitioners practitioner NOUN ct-11199 6 8 and and CCONJ ct-11199 6 9 the the DET ct-11199 6 10 affected affected ADJ ct-11199 6 11 testis testis NOUN ct-11199 6 12 should should AUX ct-11199 6 13 be be AUX ct-11199 6 14 submitted submit VERB ct-11199 6 15 for for ADP ct-11199 6 16 testing testing NOUN ct-11199 6 17 ( ( PUNCT ct-11199 6 18 along along ADP ct-11199 6 19 with with ADP ct-11199 6 20 serology serology NOUN ct-11199 6 21 from from ADP ct-11199 6 22 the the DET ct-11199 6 23 patient patient NOUN ct-11199 6 24 ) ) PUNCT ct-11199 6 25 to to PART ct-11199 6 26 rule rule VERB ct-11199 6 27 out out ADP ct-11199 6 28 brucella brucella NOUN ct-11199 6 29 canis canis NOUN ct-11199 6 30 and and CCONJ ct-11199 6 31 to to PART ct-11199 6 32 determine determine VERB ct-11199 6 33 the the DET ct-11199 6 34 cause cause NOUN ct-11199 6 35 for for ADP ct-11199 6 36 testicular testicular ADJ ct-11199 6 37 / / SYM ct-11199 6 38 epididymal epididymal ADJ ct-11199 6 39 pathology pathology NOUN ct-11199 6 40 . . PUNCT ct-11199 7 1 keywords keyword NOUN ct-11199 7 2 : : PUNCT ct-11199 7 3 canine canine VERB ct-11199 7 4 , , PUNCT ct-11199 7 5 epididymis epididymis PROPN ct-11199 7 6 , , PUNCT ct-11199 7 7 funiculitis funiculitis PROPN ct-11199 7 8 , , PUNCT ct-11199 7 9 enlarged enlarge VERB ct-11199 7 10 , , PUNCT ct-11199 7 11 painful painful ADJ ct-11199 7 12 background background NOUN ct-11199 7 13 epididymitis epididymitis NOUN ct-11199 7 14 and and CCONJ ct-11199 7 15 orchitis orchitis NOUN ct-11199 7 16 may may AUX ct-11199 7 17 occur occur VERB ct-11199 7 18 separately separately ADV ct-11199 7 19 , , PUNCT ct-11199 7 20 jointly jointly ADV ct-11199 7 21 ( ( PUNCT ct-11199 7 22 orchiepididymitis orchiepididymitis NOUN ct-11199 7 23 ) ) PUNCT ct-11199 7 24 , , PUNCT ct-11199 7 25 or or CCONJ ct-11199 7 26 with with ADP ct-11199 7 27 extension extension NOUN ct-11199 7 28 to to ADP ct-11199 7 29 the the DET ct-11199 7 30 vaginal vaginal ADJ ct-11199 7 31 tunic tunic NOUN ct-11199 7 32 and and CCONJ ct-11199 7 33 adhesions adhesion NOUN ct-11199 7 34 to to ADP ct-11199 7 35 the the DET ct-11199 7 36 scrotum scrotum NOUN ct-11199 7 37 ( ( PUNCT ct-11199 7 38 periorchiepididymitis).1 periorchiepididymitis).1 ADP ct-11199 7 39 those those DET ct-11199 7 40 conditions condition NOUN ct-11199 7 41 typically typically ADV ct-11199 7 42 occur occur VERB ct-11199 7 43 in in ADP ct-11199 7 44 young young ADJ ct-11199 7 45 dogs dog NOUN ct-11199 7 46 ( ( PUNCT ct-11199 7 47 2 2 NUM ct-11199 7 48 - - SYM ct-11199 7 49 3 3 NUM ct-11199 7 50 years year NOUN ct-11199 7 51 of of ADP ct-11199 7 52 age age NOUN ct-11199 7 53 ) ) PUNCT ct-11199 7 54 but but CCONJ ct-11199 7 55 can can AUX ct-11199 7 56 range range VERB ct-11199 7 57 from from ADP ct-11199 7 58 11 11 NUM ct-11199 7 59 months month NOUN ct-11199 7 60 to to ADP ct-11199 7 61 10 10 NUM ct-11199 7 62 years year NOUN ct-11199 7 63 of of ADP ct-11199 7 64 age age NOUN ct-11199 7 65 . . PUNCT ct-11199 8 1 there there PRON ct-11199 8 2 is be VERB ct-11199 8 3 no no DET ct-11199 8 4 breed breed NOUN ct-11199 8 5 disposition disposition NOUN ct-11199 8 6 reported report VERB ct-11199 8 7 ; ; PUNCT ct-11199 8 8 dogs dog NOUN ct-11199 8 9 may may AUX ct-11199 8 10 have have VERB ct-11199 8 11 acute acute ADJ ct-11199 8 12 or or CCONJ ct-11199 8 13 chronic chronic ADJ ct-11199 8 14 disease disease NOUN ct-11199 8 15 , , PUNCT ct-11199 8 16 with with ADP ct-11199 8 17 the the DET ct-11199 8 18 acute acute NOUN ct-11199 8 19 disease disease NOUN ct-11199 8 20 process process NOUN ct-11199 8 21 associated associate VERB ct-11199 8 22 with with ADP ct-11199 8 23 pain pain NOUN ct-11199 8 24 , , PUNCT ct-11199 8 25 lethargy lethargy NOUN ct-11199 8 26 , , PUNCT ct-11199 8 27 scrotal scrotal ADJ ct-11199 8 28 edema edema NOUN ct-11199 8 29 , , PUNCT ct-11199 8 30 and and CCONJ ct-11199 8 31 purulent purulent ADJ ct-11199 8 32 preputial preputial ADJ ct-11199 8 33 discharge discharge NOUN ct-11199 8 34 . . PUNCT ct-11199 9 1 dogs dog NOUN ct-11199 9 2 with with ADP ct-11199 9 3 chronic chronic ADJ ct-11199 9 4 orchitis orchitis NOUN ct-11199 9 5 / / SYM ct-11199 9 6 epididymitis epididymitis NOUN ct-11199 9 7 have have VERB ct-11199 9 8 nonpainful nonpainful ADJ ct-11199 9 9 enlargement enlargement NOUN ct-11199 9 10 of of ADP ct-11199 9 11 scrotal scrotal ADJ ct-11199 9 12 contents content NOUN ct-11199 9 13 that that PRON ct-11199 9 14 can can AUX ct-11199 9 15 be be AUX ct-11199 9 16 associated associate VERB ct-11199 9 17 with with ADP ct-11199 9 18 atrophy atrophy NOUN ct-11199 9 19 of of ADP ct-11199 9 20 the the DET ct-11199 9 21 unaffected unaffected ADJ ct-11199 9 22 testis.2 testis.2 PROPN ct-11199 9 23 both both CCONJ ct-11199 9 24 epididymitis epididymitis NOUN ct-11199 9 25 and and CCONJ ct-11199 9 26 orchitis orchitis NOUN ct-11199 9 27 can can AUX ct-11199 9 28 occur occur VERB ct-11199 9 29 independent independent ADJ ct-11199 9 30 of of ADP ct-11199 9 31 an an DET ct-11199 9 32 infectious infectious ADJ ct-11199 9 33 process process NOUN ct-11199 9 34 or or CCONJ ct-11199 9 35 secondary secondary ADJ ct-11199 9 36 to to ADP ct-11199 9 37 an an DET ct-11199 9 38 infectious infectious ADJ ct-11199 9 39 process.1 process.1 NOUN ct-11199 9 40 case case NOUN ct-11199 9 41 presentation presentation NOUN ct-11199 9 42 an an PRON ct-11199 9 43 8 8 NUM ct-11199 9 44 - - PUNCT ct-11199 9 45 year year NOUN ct-11199 9 46 , , PUNCT ct-11199 9 47 21 21 NUM ct-11199 9 48 kg kg NOUN ct-11199 9 49 ( ( PUNCT ct-11199 9 50 48 48 NUM ct-11199 9 51 lb lb NOUN ct-11199 9 52 ) ) PUNCT ct-11199 9 53 male male ADJ ct-11199 9 54 australian australian ADJ ct-11199 9 55 shepherd shepherd ADJ ct-11199 9 56 dog dog NOUN ct-11199 9 57 , , PUNCT ct-11199 9 58 was be AUX ct-11199 9 59 examined examine VERB ct-11199 9 60 because because SCONJ ct-11199 9 61 of of ADP ct-11199 9 62 an an DET ct-11199 9 63 enlarged enlarge VERB ct-11199 9 64 scrotum scrotum NOUN ct-11199 9 65 that that PRON ct-11199 9 66 was be AUX ct-11199 9 67 extremely extremely ADV ct-11199 9 68 painful painful ADJ ct-11199 9 69 to to ADP ct-11199 9 70 the the DET ct-11199 9 71 touch touch NOUN ct-11199 9 72 . . PUNCT ct-11199 10 1 the the DET ct-11199 10 2 owner owner NOUN ct-11199 10 3 noticed notice VERB ct-11199 10 4 dog dog NOUN ct-11199 10 5 ’s ’s PART ct-11199 10 6 difficulty difficulty NOUN ct-11199 10 7 ( ( PUNCT ct-11199 10 8 straining straining NOUN ct-11199 10 9 ) ) PUNCT ct-11199 10 10 to to PART ct-11199 10 11 defecate defecate VERB ct-11199 10 12 , , PUNCT ct-11199 10 13 lethargic lethargic ADJ ct-11199 10 14 appearance appearance NOUN ct-11199 10 15 and and CCONJ ct-11199 10 16 decreased decrease VERB ct-11199 10 17 appetite appetite NOUN ct-11199 10 18 . . PUNCT ct-11199 11 1 the the DET ct-11199 11 2 dog dog NOUN ct-11199 11 3 was be AUX ct-11199 11 4 used use VERB ct-11199 11 5 for for ADP ct-11199 11 6 natural natural ADJ ct-11199 11 7 breeding breeding NOUN ct-11199 11 8 1 1 NUM ct-11199 11 9 week week NOUN ct-11199 11 10 prior prior ADV ct-11199 11 11 to to ADP ct-11199 11 12 noticing notice VERB ct-11199 11 13 the the DET ct-11199 11 14 clinical clinical ADJ ct-11199 11 15 signs sign NOUN ct-11199 11 16 that that PRON ct-11199 11 17 were be AUX ct-11199 11 18 originally originally ADV ct-11199 11 19 attributed attribute VERB ct-11199 11 20 to to ADP ct-11199 11 21 back back ADJ ct-11199 11 22 pain pain NOUN ct-11199 11 23 until until SCONJ ct-11199 11 24 the the DET ct-11199 11 25 owner owner NOUN ct-11199 11 26 noticed notice VERB ct-11199 11 27 the the DET ct-11199 11 28 swollen swollen ADJ ct-11199 11 29 scrotum scrotum NOUN ct-11199 11 30 . . PUNCT ct-11199 12 1 the the DET ct-11199 12 2 patient patient NOUN ct-11199 12 3 had have AUX ct-11199 12 4 been be AUX ct-11199 12 5 demonstrating demonstrate VERB ct-11199 12 6 clinical clinical ADJ ct-11199 12 7 signs sign NOUN ct-11199 12 8 for for ADP ct-11199 12 9 ~ ~ SYM ct-11199 12 10 7 7 NUM ct-11199 12 11 days day NOUN ct-11199 12 12 before before ADP ct-11199 12 13 presentation presentation NOUN ct-11199 12 14 . . PUNCT ct-11199 13 1 on on ADP ct-11199 13 2 physical physical ADJ ct-11199 13 3 examination examination NOUN ct-11199 13 4 the the DET ct-11199 13 5 dog dog NOUN ct-11199 13 6 appeared appear VERB ct-11199 13 7 in in ADP ct-11199 13 8 good good ADJ ct-11199 13 9 general general ADJ ct-11199 13 10 health health NOUN ct-11199 13 11 , , PUNCT ct-11199 13 12 vitals vital NOUN ct-11199 13 13 were be AUX ct-11199 13 14 within within ADP ct-11199 13 15 reference reference NOUN ct-11199 13 16 limits limit NOUN ct-11199 13 17 and and CCONJ ct-11199 13 18 had have VERB ct-11199 13 19 a a DET ct-11199 13 20 body body NOUN ct-11199 13 21 condition condition NOUN ct-11199 13 22 score score NOUN ct-11199 13 23 of of ADP ct-11199 13 24 4 4 NUM ct-11199 13 25 ( ( PUNCT ct-11199 13 26 on on ADP ct-11199 13 27 a a DET ct-11199 13 28 scale scale NOUN ct-11199 13 29 of of ADP ct-11199 13 30 1 1 NUM ct-11199 13 31 - - SYM ct-11199 13 32 9 9 NUM ct-11199 13 33 ) ) PUNCT ct-11199 13 34 . . PUNCT ct-11199 14 1 the the DET ct-11199 14 2 dog dog NOUN ct-11199 14 3 was be AUX ct-11199 14 4 bright bright ADJ ct-11199 14 5 , , PUNCT ct-11199 14 6 alert alert ADJ ct-11199 14 7 , , PUNCT ct-11199 14 8 and and CCONJ ct-11199 14 9 afebrile afebrile ADJ ct-11199 14 10 . . PUNCT ct-11199 15 1 digital digital ADJ ct-11199 15 2 transrectal transrectal ADJ ct-11199 15 3 examination examination NOUN ct-11199 15 4 revealed reveal VERB ct-11199 15 5 a a DET ct-11199 15 6 bilaterally bilaterally ADV ct-11199 15 7 enlarged enlarge VERB ct-11199 15 8 prostate prostate NOUN ct-11199 15 9 that that PRON ct-11199 15 10 was be AUX ct-11199 15 11 not not PART ct-11199 15 12 painful painful ADJ ct-11199 15 13 on on ADP ct-11199 15 14 palpation palpation NOUN ct-11199 15 15 , , PUNCT ct-11199 15 16 smooth smooth ADJ ct-11199 15 17 and and CCONJ ct-11199 15 18 symmetrical symmetrical ADJ ct-11199 15 19 . . PUNCT ct-11199 16 1 this this PRON ct-11199 16 2 was be AUX ct-11199 16 3 considered consider VERB ct-11199 16 4 an an DET ct-11199 16 5 unremarkable unremarkable ADJ ct-11199 16 6 finding finding NOUN ct-11199 16 7 as as SCONJ ct-11199 16 8 the the DET ct-11199 16 9 prostatic prostatic ADJ ct-11199 16 10 enlargement enlargement NOUN ct-11199 16 11 was be AUX ct-11199 16 12 consistent consistent ADJ ct-11199 16 13 with with ADP ct-11199 16 14 benign benign ADJ ct-11199 16 15 prostatic prostatic ADJ ct-11199 16 16 hyperplasia hyperplasia NOUN ct-11199 16 17 in in ADP ct-11199 16 18 an an DET ct-11199 16 19 older old ADJ ct-11199 16 20 , , PUNCT ct-11199 16 21 intact intact ADJ ct-11199 16 22 male male ADJ ct-11199 16 23 dog dog NOUN ct-11199 16 24 . . PUNCT ct-11199 17 1 palpation palpation NOUN ct-11199 17 2 of of ADP ct-11199 17 3 the the DET ct-11199 17 4 scrotum scrotum NOUN ct-11199 17 5 revealed reveal VERB ct-11199 17 6 an an DET ct-11199 17 7 enlarged enlarge VERB ct-11199 17 8 , , PUNCT ct-11199 17 9 painful painful ADJ ct-11199 17 10 scrotum scrotum NOUN ct-11199 17 11 with with ADP ct-11199 17 12 firm firm ADJ ct-11199 17 13 swelling swelling NOUN ct-11199 17 14 that that PRON ct-11199 17 15 appeared appear VERB ct-11199 17 16 to to PART ct-11199 17 17 originate originate VERB ct-11199 17 18 in in ADP ct-11199 17 19 the the DET ct-11199 17 20 left left ADJ ct-11199 17 21 testis testis NOUN ct-11199 17 22 and and CCONJ ct-11199 17 23 extended extend VERB ct-11199 17 24 up up ADP ct-11199 17 25 to to ADP ct-11199 17 26 the the DET ct-11199 17 27 length length NOUN ct-11199 17 28 of of ADP ct-11199 17 29 the the DET ct-11199 17 30 spermatic spermatic ADJ ct-11199 17 31 cord cord NOUN ct-11199 17 32 . . PUNCT ct-11199 18 1 there there PRON ct-11199 18 2 were be VERB ct-11199 18 3 no no DET ct-11199 18 4 notable notable ADJ ct-11199 18 5 penetrating penetrating NOUN ct-11199 18 6 wounds wound NOUN ct-11199 18 7 or or CCONJ ct-11199 18 8 injury injury NOUN ct-11199 18 9 appreciated appreciate VERB ct-11199 18 10 to to ADP ct-11199 18 11 the the DET ct-11199 18 12 scrotum scrotum NOUN ct-11199 18 13 on on ADP ct-11199 18 14 physical physical ADJ ct-11199 18 15 examination examination NOUN ct-11199 18 16 . . PUNCT ct-11199 19 1 the the DET ct-11199 19 2 patient patient NOUN ct-11199 19 3 was be AUX ct-11199 19 4 nonpainful nonpainful ADJ ct-11199 19 5 on on ADP ct-11199 19 6 spinal spinal ADJ ct-11199 19 7 manipulation manipulation NOUN ct-11199 19 8 . . PUNCT ct-11199 20 1 all all DET ct-11199 20 2 other other ADJ ct-11199 20 3 physical physical ADJ ct-11199 20 4 examination examination NOUN ct-11199 20 5 findings finding NOUN ct-11199 20 6 were be AUX ct-11199 20 7 within within ADP ct-11199 20 8 normal normal ADJ ct-11199 20 9 limits limit NOUN ct-11199 20 10 . . PUNCT ct-11199 21 1 the the DET ct-11199 21 2 noted note VERB ct-11199 21 3 clinical clinical ADJ ct-11199 21 4 signs sign NOUN ct-11199 21 5 of of ADP ct-11199 21 6 straining strain VERB ct-11199 21 7 to to PART ct-11199 21 8 defecate defecate VERB ct-11199 21 9 and and CCONJ ct-11199 21 10 back back ADJ ct-11199 21 11 pain pain NOUN ct-11199 21 12 noted note VERB ct-11199 21 13 by by ADP ct-11199 21 14 the the DET ct-11199 21 15 owner owner NOUN ct-11199 21 16 appeared appear VERB ct-11199 21 17 to to PART ct-11199 21 18 be be AUX ct-11199 21 19 related relate VERB ct-11199 21 20 to to ADP ct-11199 21 21 the the DET ct-11199 21 22 enlarged enlarge VERB ct-11199 21 23 scrotum scrotum NOUN ct-11199 21 24 . . PUNCT ct-11199 22 1 diagnosis diagnosis NOUN ct-11199 22 2 and and CCONJ ct-11199 22 3 treatment treatment NOUN ct-11199 22 4 ultrasonography ultrasonography NOUN ct-11199 22 5 of of ADP ct-11199 22 6 the the DET ct-11199 22 7 left left ADJ ct-11199 22 8 scrotum scrotum NOUN ct-11199 22 9 and and CCONJ ct-11199 22 10 testis testis NOUN ct-11199 22 11 revealed reveal VERB ct-11199 22 12 marked mark VERB ct-11199 22 13 swelling swelling NOUN ct-11199 22 14 of of ADP ct-11199 22 15 the the DET ct-11199 22 16 spermatic spermatic ADJ ct-11199 22 17 cord cord NOUN ct-11199 22 18 ( ( PUNCT ct-11199 22 19 2 2 NUM ct-11199 22 20 cm cm NOUN ct-11199 22 21 diameter diameter NOUN ct-11199 22 22 ) ) PUNCT ct-11199 22 23 and and CCONJ ct-11199 22 24 epididymis epididymis NOUN ct-11199 22 25 . . PUNCT ct-11199 23 1 evaluation evaluation NOUN ct-11199 23 2 of of ADP ct-11199 23 3 the the DET ct-11199 23 4 right right ADJ ct-11199 23 5 scrotum scrotum NOUN ct-11199 23 6 and and CCONJ ct-11199 23 7 testis testis NOUN ct-11199 23 8 did do AUX ct-11199 23 9 not not PART ct-11199 23 10 indicate indicate VERB ct-11199 23 11 remarkable remarkable ADJ ct-11199 23 12 changes change NOUN ct-11199 23 13 nor nor CCONJ ct-11199 23 14 findings finding NOUN ct-11199 23 15 related relate VERB ct-11199 23 16 to to ADP ct-11199 23 17 those those PRON ct-11199 23 18 affecting affect VERB ct-11199 23 19 the the DET ct-11199 23 20 left left ADJ ct-11199 23 21 scrotum scrotum NOUN ct-11199 23 22 / / SYM ct-11199 23 23 testis testis PROPN ct-11199 23 24 . . PUNCT ct-11199 24 1 left leave VERB ct-11199 24 2 testis testis NOUN ct-11199 24 3 measured measure VERB ct-11199 24 4 2.4 2.4 NUM ct-11199 24 5 × × NOUN ct-11199 24 6 2.9 2.9 NUM ct-11199 24 7 cm cm NOUN ct-11199 24 8 and and CCONJ ct-11199 24 9 right right ADJ ct-11199 24 10 testis testis NOUN ct-11199 24 11 measured measure VERB ct-11199 24 12 2.2 2.2 NUM ct-11199 24 13 × × NOUN ct-11199 24 14 3.1 3.1 NUM ct-11199 24 15 cm cm NOUN ct-11199 24 16 . . PUNCT ct-11199 25 1 echogenicity echogenicity NOUN ct-11199 25 2 of of ADP ct-11199 25 3 each each DET ct-11199 25 4 testis testis NOUN ct-11199 25 5 was be AUX ct-11199 25 6 homogeneous homogeneous ADJ ct-11199 25 7 . . PUNCT ct-11199 26 1 rapid rapid ADJ ct-11199 26 2 slide slide NOUN ct-11199 26 3 agglutination agglutination NOUN ct-11199 26 4 test test NOUN ct-11199 26 5 ( ( PUNCT ct-11199 26 6 canine canine NOUN ct-11199 26 7 brucellosis brucellosis NOUN ct-11199 26 8 antibody antibody NOUN ct-11199 26 9 test test NOUN ct-11199 26 10 kit kit NOUN ct-11199 26 11 d d NOUN ct-11199 26 12 - - PUNCT ct-11199 26 13 tech tech NOUN ct-11199 26 14 ; ; PUNCT ct-11199 26 15 synbiotics synbiotic NOUN ct-11199 26 16 corporation corporation NOUN ct-11199 26 17 , , PUNCT ct-11199 26 18 kansas kansas PROPN ct-11199 26 19 city city PROPN ct-11199 26 20 , , PUNCT ct-11199 26 21 mo mo PROPN ct-11199 26 22 ) ) PUNCT ct-11199 26 23 for for ADP ct-11199 26 24 canine canine NOUN ct-11199 26 25 brucellosis brucellosis NOUN ct-11199 26 26 was be AUX ct-11199 26 27 negative negative ADJ ct-11199 26 28 . . PUNCT ct-11199 27 1 mailto:a.thomas2017@gmail.com mailto:a.thomas2017@gmail.com NOUN ct-11199 27 2 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ PROPN ct-11199 28 1 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ PROPN ct-11199 28 2 http://dx.doi.org/10.58292/ct.v17.11199 http://dx.doi.org/10.58292/ct.v17.11199 PROPN ct-11199 28 3 2 2 NUM ct-11199 28 4 citation citation NOUN ct-11199 28 5 : : PUNCT ct-11199 28 6 clinical clinical ADJ ct-11199 28 7 theriogenology theriogenology NOUN ct-11199 28 8 2025 2025 NUM ct-11199 28 9 , , PUNCT ct-11199 28 10 17 17 NUM ct-11199 28 11 , , PUNCT ct-11199 28 12 11199 11199 NUM ct-11199 28 13 , , PUNCT ct-11199 28 14 http://dx.doi.org/10.58292/ct.v17.11199 http://dx.doi.org/10.58292/ct.v17.11199 NOUN ct-11199 28 15 the the DET ct-11199 28 16 owner owner NOUN ct-11199 28 17 elected elect VERB ct-11199 28 18 for for ADP ct-11199 28 19 hemicastration hemicastration NOUN ct-11199 28 20 . . PUNCT ct-11199 29 1 as as ADP ct-11199 29 2 the the DET ct-11199 29 3 right right NOUN ct-11199 29 4 testis testis NOUN ct-11199 29 5 did do AUX ct-11199 29 6 not not PART ct-11199 29 7 appear appear VERB ct-11199 29 8 to to PART ct-11199 29 9 be be AUX ct-11199 29 10 affected affect VERB ct-11199 29 11 the the DET ct-11199 29 12 owner owner NOUN ct-11199 29 13 requested request VERB ct-11199 29 14 this this DET ct-11199 29 15 testis testis NOUN ct-11199 29 16 remain remain VERB ct-11199 29 17 in in ADP ct-11199 29 18 hopes hope NOUN ct-11199 29 19 of of ADP ct-11199 29 20 preserving preserve VERB ct-11199 29 21 the the DET ct-11199 29 22 patient patient NOUN ct-11199 29 23 ’s ’s PART ct-11199 29 24 future future ADJ ct-11199 29 25 fertility fertility NOUN ct-11199 29 26 . . PUNCT ct-11199 30 1 patient patient NOUN ct-11199 30 2 ’s ’s PART ct-11199 30 3 pain pain NOUN ct-11199 30 4 level level NOUN ct-11199 30 5 prevented prevent VERB ct-11199 30 6 us we PRON ct-11199 30 7 to to PART ct-11199 30 8 perform perform VERB ct-11199 30 9 a a DET ct-11199 30 10 full full ADJ ct-11199 30 11 physical physical ADJ ct-11199 30 12 examination examination NOUN ct-11199 30 13 or or CCONJ ct-11199 30 14 ultrasonography ultrasonography NOUN ct-11199 30 15 without without ADP ct-11199 30 16 sedation sedation NOUN ct-11199 30 17 and and CCONJ ct-11199 30 18 a a DET ct-11199 30 19 semen semen NOUN ct-11199 30 20 collection collection NOUN ct-11199 30 21 / / SYM ct-11199 30 22 analysis analysis NOUN ct-11199 30 23 . . PUNCT ct-11199 31 1 dog dog NOUN ct-11199 31 2 was be AUX ct-11199 31 3 sedated sedate VERB ct-11199 31 4 with with ADP ct-11199 31 5 intravenous intravenous ADJ ct-11199 31 6 butorphanol butorphanol NOUN ct-11199 31 7 ( ( PUNCT ct-11199 31 8 10 10 NUM ct-11199 31 9 mg mg NUM ct-11199 31 10 / / SYM ct-11199 31 11 ml ml NOUN ct-11199 32 1 [ [ X ct-11199 32 2 0.2 0.2 NUM ct-11199 32 3 mg mg NUM ct-11199 32 4 / / SYM ct-11199 32 5 kg kg X ct-11199 32 6 ] ] X ct-11199 32 7 0.44 0.44 NUM ct-11199 32 8 ml ml NOUN ct-11199 32 9 ) ) PUNCT ct-11199 32 10 and and CCONJ ct-11199 32 11 dexmedetomidine dexmedetomidine PROPN ct-11199 32 12 ( ( PUNCT ct-11199 32 13 0.5 0.5 NUM ct-11199 32 14 mg mg PROPN ct-11199 32 15 / / SYM ct-11199 32 16 ml ml X ct-11199 33 1 [ [ X ct-11199 33 2 0.005 0.005 NUM ct-11199 33 3 mg mg NUM ct-11199 33 4 / / SYM ct-11199 33 5 kg kg X ct-11199 33 6 ] ] X ct-11199 33 7 0.22 0.22 NUM ct-11199 33 8 ml ml NOUN ct-11199 33 9 ) ) PUNCT ct-11199 33 10 for for ADP ct-11199 33 11 ultrasonography ultrasonography NOUN ct-11199 33 12 . . PUNCT ct-11199 34 1 preoperative preoperative ADJ ct-11199 34 2 complete complete ADJ ct-11199 34 3 blood blood NOUN ct-11199 34 4 count count NOUN ct-11199 34 5 revealed reveal VERB ct-11199 34 6 a a DET ct-11199 34 7 stress stress NOUN ct-11199 34 8 leukogram leukogram NOUN ct-11199 34 9 . . PUNCT ct-11199 35 1 all all DET ct-11199 35 2 other other ADJ ct-11199 35 3 laboratory laboratory NOUN ct-11199 35 4 findings finding NOUN ct-11199 35 5 were be AUX ct-11199 35 6 within within ADP ct-11199 35 7 normal normal ADJ ct-11199 35 8 parameters parameter NOUN ct-11199 35 9 . . PUNCT ct-11199 36 1 dog dog NOUN ct-11199 36 2 was be AUX ct-11199 36 3 transferred transfer VERB ct-11199 36 4 to to ADP ct-11199 36 5 surgery surgery NOUN ct-11199 36 6 and and CCONJ ct-11199 36 7 induced induce VERB ct-11199 36 8 with with ADP ct-11199 36 9 intravenous intravenous ADJ ct-11199 36 10 propofol propofol NOUN ct-11199 36 11 ( ( PUNCT ct-11199 36 12 10 10 NUM ct-11199 36 13 mg mg NUM ct-11199 36 14 / / SYM ct-11199 36 15 ml ml NOUN ct-11199 37 1 [ [ PUNCT ct-11199 37 2 6 6 NUM ct-11199 37 3 mg mg NUM ct-11199 37 4 / / SYM ct-11199 37 5 kg kg NOUN ct-11199 37 6 ] ] X ct-11199 37 7 12 12 NUM ct-11199 37 8 ml ml NOUN ct-11199 37 9 ) ) PUNCT ct-11199 37 10 and and CCONJ ct-11199 37 11 maintained maintain VERB ct-11199 37 12 on on ADP ct-11199 37 13 isoflurane isoflurane NOUN ct-11199 37 14 and and CCONJ ct-11199 37 15 oxygen oxygen NOUN ct-11199 37 16 throughout throughout ADP ct-11199 37 17 the the DET ct-11199 37 18 procedure procedure NOUN ct-11199 37 19 . . PUNCT ct-11199 38 1 at at ADP ct-11199 38 2 surgery surgery NOUN ct-11199 38 3 , , PUNCT ct-11199 38 4 torsion torsion NOUN ct-11199 38 5 of of ADP ct-11199 38 6 the the DET ct-11199 38 7 left left ADJ ct-11199 38 8 testis testis NOUN ct-11199 38 9 was be AUX ct-11199 38 10 not not PART ct-11199 38 11 appreciated appreciate VERB ct-11199 38 12 as as SCONJ ct-11199 38 13 the the DET ct-11199 38 14 epididymis epididymis NOUN ct-11199 38 15 was be AUX ct-11199 38 16 in in ADP ct-11199 38 17 proper proper ADJ ct-11199 38 18 orientation orientation NOUN ct-11199 38 19 , , PUNCT ct-11199 38 20 but but CCONJ ct-11199 38 21 the the DET ct-11199 38 22 left left ADJ ct-11199 38 23 testis testis NOUN ct-11199 38 24 vein vein NOUN ct-11199 38 25 was be AUX ct-11199 38 26 grossly grossly ADV ct-11199 38 27 distended distend VERB ct-11199 38 28 and and CCONJ ct-11199 38 29 there there PRON ct-11199 38 30 was be VERB ct-11199 38 31 evidence evidence NOUN ct-11199 38 32 of of ADP ct-11199 38 33 pinpoint pinpoint NOUN ct-11199 38 34 abscesses abscess NOUN ct-11199 38 35 in in ADP ct-11199 38 36 the the DET ct-11199 38 37 vas vas X ct-11199 38 38 deferens deferens NOUN ct-11199 38 39 and and CCONJ ct-11199 38 40 pampiniform pampiniform NOUN ct-11199 38 41 plexus plexus NOUN ct-11199 38 42 . . PUNCT ct-11199 39 1 adhesions adhesion NOUN ct-11199 39 2 to to ADP ct-11199 39 3 the the DET ct-11199 39 4 tunic tunic NOUN ct-11199 39 5 had have VERB ct-11199 39 6 to to PART ct-11199 39 7 be be AUX ct-11199 39 8 broken break VERB ct-11199 39 9 down down ADP ct-11199 39 10 before before SCONJ ct-11199 39 11 the the DET ct-11199 39 12 testis testis NOUN ct-11199 39 13 could could AUX ct-11199 39 14 be be AUX ct-11199 39 15 exteriorized exteriorize VERB ct-11199 39 16 . . PUNCT ct-11199 40 1 the the DET ct-11199 40 2 tunic tunic NOUN ct-11199 40 3 was be AUX ct-11199 40 4 thickened thicken VERB ct-11199 40 5 and and CCONJ ct-11199 40 6 irregular irregular ADJ ct-11199 40 7 . . PUNCT ct-11199 41 1 numerous numerous ADJ ct-11199 41 2 firm firm ADJ ct-11199 41 3 adhesions adhesion NOUN ct-11199 41 4 were be AUX ct-11199 41 5 noted note VERB ct-11199 41 6 surrounding surround VERB ct-11199 41 7 the the DET ct-11199 41 8 left left ADJ ct-11199 41 9 testis testis NOUN ct-11199 41 10 and and CCONJ ct-11199 41 11 cord cord NOUN ct-11199 41 12 and and CCONJ ct-11199 41 13 a a DET ct-11199 41 14 rent rent NOUN ct-11199 41 15 in in ADP ct-11199 41 16 the the DET ct-11199 41 17 vaginal vaginal ADJ ct-11199 41 18 tunic tunic NOUN ct-11199 41 19 surrounding surround VERB ct-11199 41 20 the the DET ct-11199 41 21 left left ADJ ct-11199 41 22 cord cord NOUN ct-11199 41 23 was be AUX ct-11199 41 24 noted note VERB ct-11199 41 25 . . PUNCT ct-11199 42 1 small small ADJ ct-11199 42 2 tan tan PROPN ct-11199 42 3 to to ADP ct-11199 42 4 yellow yellow ADJ ct-11199 42 5 nodules nodule NOUN ct-11199 42 6 containing contain VERB ct-11199 42 7 liquid liquid ADJ ct-11199 42 8 contents content NOUN ct-11199 42 9 were be AUX ct-11199 42 10 scattered scatter VERB ct-11199 42 11 within within ADP ct-11199 42 12 and and CCONJ ct-11199 42 13 on on ADP ct-11199 42 14 the the DET ct-11199 42 15 surface surface NOUN ct-11199 42 16 of of ADP ct-11199 42 17 the the DET ct-11199 42 18 cord cord NOUN ct-11199 42 19 ( ( PUNCT ct-11199 42 20 figure figure NOUN ct-11199 42 21 1 1 NUM ct-11199 42 22 ) ) PUNCT ct-11199 42 23 clinically clinically ADV ct-11199 42 24 compatible compatible ADJ ct-11199 42 25 with with ADP ct-11199 42 26 small small ADJ ct-11199 42 27 abscesses abscess NOUN ct-11199 42 28 . . PUNCT ct-11199 43 1 bacterial bacterial ADJ ct-11199 43 2 culture culture NOUN ct-11199 43 3 of of ADP ct-11199 43 4 the the DET ct-11199 43 5 cord cord NOUN ct-11199 43 6 was be AUX ct-11199 43 7 obtained obtain VERB ct-11199 43 8 through through ADP ct-11199 43 9 the the DET ct-11199 43 10 rent rent NOUN ct-11199 43 11 . . PUNCT ct-11199 44 1 open open ADJ ct-11199 44 2 castration castration NOUN ct-11199 44 3 was be AUX ct-11199 44 4 performed perform VERB ct-11199 44 5 and and CCONJ ct-11199 44 6 all all DET ct-11199 44 7 abnormal abnormal ADJ ct-11199 44 8 tissue tissue NOUN ct-11199 44 9 was be AUX ct-11199 44 10 removed remove VERB ct-11199 44 11 as as ADV ct-11199 44 12 completely completely ADV ct-11199 44 13 as as ADP ct-11199 44 14 possible possible ADJ ct-11199 44 15 . . PUNCT ct-11199 45 1 the the DET ct-11199 45 2 cord cord NOUN ct-11199 45 3 was be AUX ct-11199 45 4 double double ADV ct-11199 45 5 ligated ligate VERB ct-11199 45 6 with with ADP ct-11199 45 7 2 2 NUM ct-11199 45 8 gut gut NOUN ct-11199 45 9 suture suture NOUN ct-11199 45 10 material material NOUN ct-11199 45 11 . . PUNCT ct-11199 46 1 the the DET ct-11199 46 2 incision incision NOUN ct-11199 46 3 was be AUX ct-11199 46 4 closed close VERB ct-11199 46 5 with with ADP ct-11199 46 6 2 2 NUM ct-11199 46 7 - - SYM ct-11199 46 8 0 0 NUM ct-11199 46 9 monocryl monocryl NOUN ct-11199 46 10 subcutaneous subcutaneous ADJ ct-11199 46 11 and and CCONJ ct-11199 46 12 surgical surgical ADJ ct-11199 46 13 glue glue NOUN ct-11199 46 14 . . PUNCT ct-11199 47 1 immediately immediately ADV ct-11199 47 2 after after ADP ct-11199 47 3 surgery surgery NOUN ct-11199 47 4 , , PUNCT ct-11199 47 5 the the DET ct-11199 47 6 surgical surgical ADJ ct-11199 47 7 site site NOUN ct-11199 47 8 was be AUX ct-11199 47 9 treated treat VERB ct-11199 47 10 with with ADP ct-11199 47 11 cold cold ADJ ct-11199 47 12 compresses compress NOUN ct-11199 47 13 for for ADP ct-11199 47 14 10 10 NUM ct-11199 47 15 minutes minute NOUN ct-11199 47 16 and and CCONJ ct-11199 47 17 the the DET ct-11199 47 18 dog dog NOUN ct-11199 47 19 was be AUX ct-11199 47 20 placed place VERB ct-11199 47 21 on on ADP ct-11199 47 22 nsaids nsaid NOUN ct-11199 47 23 ( ( PUNCT ct-11199 47 24 meloxidyl meloxidyl NOUN ct-11199 47 25 ) ) PUNCT ct-11199 47 26 for for ADP ct-11199 47 27 pain pain NOUN ct-11199 47 28 management management NOUN ct-11199 47 29 for for ADP ct-11199 47 30 3 3 NUM ct-11199 47 31 - - SYM ct-11199 47 32 5 5 NUM ct-11199 47 33 days day NOUN ct-11199 47 34 duration duration NOUN ct-11199 47 35 . . PUNCT ct-11199 48 1 the the DET ct-11199 48 2 culture culture NOUN ct-11199 48 3 swab swab PROPN ct-11199 48 4 obtained obtain VERB ct-11199 48 5 during during ADP ct-11199 48 6 surgery surgery NOUN ct-11199 48 7 yielded yield VERB ct-11199 48 8 an an DET ct-11199 48 9 abundant abundant ADJ ct-11199 48 10 and and CCONJ ct-11199 48 11 pure pure ADJ ct-11199 48 12 growth growth NOUN ct-11199 48 13 of of ADP ct-11199 48 14 escherichia escherichia NOUN ct-11199 48 15 coli coli NOUN ct-11199 48 16 ( ( PUNCT ct-11199 48 17 e. e. NOUN ct-11199 48 18 coli coli PROPN ct-11199 48 19 ) ) PUNCT ct-11199 48 20 , , PUNCT ct-11199 48 21 resistant resistant ADJ ct-11199 48 22 to to ADP ct-11199 48 23 amoxicillin/ amoxicillin/ NUM ct-11199 48 24 clavulanic clavulanic ADJ ct-11199 48 25 acid acid NOUN ct-11199 48 26 but but CCONJ ct-11199 48 27 susceptible susceptible ADJ ct-11199 48 28 to to ADP ct-11199 48 29 marbofloxacin marbofloxacin PROPN ct-11199 48 30 , , PUNCT ct-11199 48 31 ciprofloxacin ciprofloxacin NOUN ct-11199 48 32 , , PUNCT ct-11199 48 33 and and CCONJ ct-11199 48 34 enrofloxacin enrofloxacin PROPN ct-11199 48 35 . . PUNCT ct-11199 49 1 amoxicillin amoxicillin PROPN ct-11199 49 2 / / SYM ct-11199 49 3 clavulanic clavulanic ADJ ct-11199 49 4 acid acid NOUN ct-11199 49 5 treatment treatment NOUN ct-11199 49 6 that that PRON ct-11199 49 7 was be AUX ct-11199 49 8 stopped stop VERB ct-11199 49 9 ( ( PUNCT ct-11199 49 10 initiated initiate VERB ct-11199 49 11 after after ADP ct-11199 49 12 surgery surgery NOUN ct-11199 49 13 due due ADP ct-11199 49 14 to to ADP ct-11199 49 15 abscesses abscess NOUN ct-11199 49 16 ) ) PUNCT ct-11199 49 17 and and CCONJ ct-11199 49 18 the the DET ct-11199 49 19 dog dog NOUN ct-11199 49 20 was be AUX ct-11199 49 21 placed place VERB ct-11199 49 22 on on ADP ct-11199 49 23 oral oral ADJ ct-11199 49 24 enrofloxacin enrofloxacin PROPN ct-11199 49 25 ( ( PUNCT ct-11199 49 26 136 136 NUM ct-11199 49 27 mg mg NOUN ct-11199 50 1 [ [ X ct-11199 50 2 6 6 NUM ct-11199 50 3 mg mg NUM ct-11199 50 4 / / SYM ct-11199 50 5 kg kg PROPN ct-11199 50 6 ] ] X ct-11199 50 7 , , PUNCT ct-11199 50 8 1 1 NUM ct-11199 50 9 tablet tablet NOUN ct-11199 50 10 twice twice DET ct-11199 50 11 a a DET ct-11199 50 12 day day NOUN ct-11199 50 13 for for ADP ct-11199 50 14 30 30 NUM ct-11199 50 15 days day NOUN ct-11199 50 16 ) ) PUNCT ct-11199 50 17 . . PUNCT ct-11199 51 1 the the DET ct-11199 51 2 owner owner NOUN ct-11199 51 3 was be AUX ct-11199 51 4 counseled counsel VERB ct-11199 51 5 to to PART ct-11199 51 6 have have VERB ct-11199 51 7 a a DET ct-11199 51 8 semen semen NOUN ct-11199 51 9 culture culture NOUN ct-11199 51 10 1 1 NUM ct-11199 51 11 - - SYM ct-11199 51 12 2 2 NUM ct-11199 51 13 weeks week NOUN ct-11199 51 14 after after ADP ct-11199 51 15 completion completion NOUN ct-11199 51 16 of of ADP ct-11199 51 17 the the DET ct-11199 51 18 antibiotics antibiotic NOUN ct-11199 51 19 and and CCONJ ct-11199 51 20 a a DET ct-11199 51 21 semen semen NOUN ct-11199 51 22 evaluation evaluation NOUN ct-11199 51 23 3 3 NUM ct-11199 51 24 months month NOUN ct-11199 51 25 later later ADV ct-11199 51 26 . . PUNCT ct-11199 52 1 figure figure VERB ct-11199 52 2 1 1 NUM ct-11199 52 3 . . PUNCT ct-11199 52 4 affected affect VERB ct-11199 52 5 testis testis NOUN ct-11199 52 6 after after ADP ct-11199 52 7 surgical surgical ADJ ct-11199 52 8 removal removal NOUN ct-11199 52 9 ; ; PUNCT ct-11199 52 10 note note VERB ct-11199 52 11 marked mark VERB ct-11199 52 12 congestion congestion NOUN ct-11199 52 13 / / SYM ct-11199 52 14 dilation dilation NOUN ct-11199 52 15 of of ADP ct-11199 52 16 spermatic spermatic ADJ ct-11199 52 17 cord cord NOUN ct-11199 52 18 with with ADP ct-11199 52 19 dilated dilated ADJ ct-11199 52 20 epididymis epididymis NOUN ct-11199 52 21 and and CCONJ ct-11199 52 22 pyogranulomatous pyogranulomatous ADJ ct-11199 52 23 inflammation inflammation NOUN ct-11199 52 24 of of ADP ct-11199 52 25 epididymal epididymal ADJ ct-11199 52 26 head head NOUN ct-11199 52 27 . . PUNCT ct-11199 53 1 figure figure NOUN ct-11199 53 2 2 2 NUM ct-11199 53 3 . . PUNCT ct-11199 54 1 light light ADJ ct-11199 54 2 microscopic microscopic ADJ ct-11199 54 3 images image NOUN ct-11199 54 4 of of ADP ct-11199 54 5 epididymis epididymis NOUN ct-11199 54 6 and and CCONJ ct-11199 54 7 testis testis NOUN ct-11199 54 8 stained stain VERB ct-11199 54 9 with with ADP ct-11199 54 10 hematoxylin hematoxylin NOUN ct-11199 54 11 and and CCONJ ct-11199 54 12 eosin eosin NOUN ct-11199 54 13 : : PUNCT ct-11199 54 14 a. a. NOUN ct-11199 54 15 epididymal epididymal ADJ ct-11199 54 16 ducts duct NOUN ct-11199 54 17 are be AUX ct-11199 54 18 effaced efface VERB ct-11199 54 19 by by ADP ct-11199 54 20 necrosis necrosis NOUN ct-11199 54 21 , , PUNCT ct-11199 54 22 neutrophils neutrophil NOUN ct-11199 54 23 , , PUNCT ct-11199 54 24 fibrin fibrin NOUN ct-11199 54 25 , , PUNCT ct-11199 54 26 and and CCONJ ct-11199 54 27 hemorrhage hemorrhage NOUN ct-11199 54 28 and and CCONJ ct-11199 54 29 are be AUX ct-11199 54 30 surrounded surround VERB ct-11199 54 31 by by ADP ct-11199 54 32 fibrosis fibrosis NOUN ct-11199 54 33 . . PUNCT ct-11199 55 1 other other ADJ ct-11199 55 2 less less ADV ct-11199 55 3 affected affected ADJ ct-11199 55 4 ducts duct NOUN ct-11199 55 5 are be AUX ct-11199 55 6 dilated dilate VERB ct-11199 55 7 and and CCONJ ct-11199 55 8 contain contain VERB ct-11199 55 9 cellular cellular ADJ ct-11199 55 10 debris debris NOUN ct-11199 55 11 ( ( PUNCT ct-11199 55 12 bar bar NOUN ct-11199 55 13 = = SYM ct-11199 55 14 500 500 NUM ct-11199 55 15 µm µm NOUN ct-11199 55 16 ) ) PUNCT ct-11199 55 17 ; ; PUNCT ct-11199 55 18 b. b. PROPN ct-11199 55 19 seminiferous seminiferous ADJ ct-11199 55 20 tubules tubule NOUN ct-11199 55 21 are be AUX ct-11199 55 22 variably variably ADV ct-11199 55 23 affected affect VERB ct-11199 55 24 , , PUNCT ct-11199 55 25 with with ADP ct-11199 55 26 some some DET ct-11199 55 27 loss loss NOUN ct-11199 55 28 of of ADP ct-11199 55 29 spermatocytes spermatocyte NOUN ct-11199 55 30 and and CCONJ ct-11199 55 31 increased increase VERB ct-11199 55 32 numbers number NOUN ct-11199 55 33 of of ADP ct-11199 55 34 degenerating degenerating NOUN ct-11199 55 35 spermatocytes spermatocyte NOUN ct-11199 55 36 including include VERB ct-11199 55 37 multinucleated multinucleate VERB ct-11199 55 38 giant giant ADJ ct-11199 55 39 cells cell NOUN ct-11199 55 40 within within ADP ct-11199 55 41 the the DET ct-11199 55 42 lumen luman NOUN ct-11199 55 43 ( ( PUNCT ct-11199 55 44 bar bar NOUN ct-11199 55 45 = = NOUN ct-11199 55 46 50 50 NUM ct-11199 55 47 µm µm NOUN ct-11199 55 48 ) ) PUNCT ct-11199 55 49 . . PUNCT ct-11199 56 1 http://dx.doi.org/10.58292/ct.v17.11199 http://dx.doi.org/10.58292/ct.v17.11199 PROPN ct-11199 56 2 citation citation NOUN ct-11199 56 3 : : PUNCT ct-11199 56 4 clinical clinical ADJ ct-11199 56 5 theriogenology theriogenology NOUN ct-11199 56 6 2025 2025 NUM ct-11199 56 7 , , PUNCT ct-11199 56 8 17 17 NUM ct-11199 56 9 , , PUNCT ct-11199 56 10 11199 11199 NUM ct-11199 56 11 , , PUNCT ct-11199 56 12 http://dx.doi.org/10.58292/ct.v17.11199 http://dx.doi.org/10.58292/ct.v17.11199 NOUN ct-11199 56 13 3 3 NUM ct-11199 56 14 histological histological ADJ ct-11199 56 15 evaluation evaluation NOUN ct-11199 56 16 of of ADP ct-11199 56 17 epididymis epididymis NOUN ct-11199 56 18 and and CCONJ ct-11199 56 19 spermatic spermatic ADJ ct-11199 56 20 cord cord NOUN ct-11199 56 21 revealed reveal VERB ct-11199 56 22 extensive extensive ADJ ct-11199 56 23 necrosis necrosis NOUN ct-11199 56 24 , , PUNCT ct-11199 56 25 hemorrhage hemorrhage NOUN ct-11199 56 26 , , PUNCT ct-11199 56 27 pools pool NOUN ct-11199 56 28 of of ADP ct-11199 56 29 neutrophils neutrophil NOUN ct-11199 56 30 and and CCONJ ct-11199 56 31 fibrin fibrin NOUN ct-11199 56 32 , , PUNCT ct-11199 56 33 and and CCONJ ct-11199 56 34 loss loss NOUN ct-11199 56 35 of of ADP ct-11199 56 36 epididymal epididymal ADJ ct-11199 56 37 anatomic anatomic ADJ ct-11199 56 38 detail detail NOUN ct-11199 56 39 ( ( PUNCT ct-11199 56 40 figure figure NOUN ct-11199 56 41 2 2 NUM ct-11199 56 42 ) ) PUNCT ct-11199 56 43 . . PUNCT ct-11199 57 1 most most ADJ ct-11199 57 2 cross cros NOUN ct-11199 57 3 - - NOUN ct-11199 57 4 sections section NOUN ct-11199 57 5 of of ADP ct-11199 57 6 the the DET ct-11199 57 7 head head NOUN ct-11199 57 8 of of ADP ct-11199 57 9 the the DET ct-11199 57 10 epididymis epididymis NOUN ct-11199 57 11 were be AUX ct-11199 57 12 obliterated obliterate VERB ct-11199 57 13 by by ADP ct-11199 57 14 suppurative suppurative ADJ ct-11199 57 15 inflammation inflammation NOUN ct-11199 57 16 , , PUNCT ct-11199 57 17 and and CCONJ ct-11199 57 18 the the DET ct-11199 57 19 surrounding surround VERB ct-11199 57 20 soft soft ADJ ct-11199 57 21 tissue tissue NOUN ct-11199 57 22 had have VERB ct-11199 57 23 edema edema NOUN ct-11199 57 24 , , PUNCT ct-11199 57 25 neutrophils neutrophil NOUN ct-11199 57 26 , , PUNCT ct-11199 57 27 and and CCONJ ct-11199 57 28 hemorrhage hemorrhage NOUN ct-11199 57 29 . . PUNCT ct-11199 58 1 pools pool NOUN ct-11199 58 2 of of ADP ct-11199 58 3 free free ADJ ct-11199 58 4 sperm sperm NOUN ct-11199 58 5 were be AUX ct-11199 58 6 also also ADV ct-11199 58 7 present present ADJ ct-11199 58 8 in in ADP ct-11199 58 9 the the DET ct-11199 58 10 regions region NOUN ct-11199 58 11 of of ADP ct-11199 58 12 necrosis necrosis NOUN ct-11199 58 13 . . PUNCT ct-11199 59 1 cross cros NOUN ct-11199 59 2 - - NOUN ct-11199 59 3 sections section NOUN ct-11199 59 4 near near ADP ct-11199 59 5 the the DET ct-11199 59 6 epididymis epididymis NOUN ct-11199 59 7 tail tail NOUN ct-11199 59 8 were be AUX ct-11199 59 9 less less ADV ct-11199 59 10 affected affected ADJ ct-11199 59 11 . . PUNCT ct-11199 60 1 vasculature vasculature NOUN ct-11199 60 2 in in ADP ct-11199 60 3 the the DET ct-11199 60 4 vaginal vaginal ADJ ct-11199 60 5 tunic tunic NOUN ct-11199 60 6 was be AUX ct-11199 60 7 dilated dilate VERB ct-11199 60 8 and and CCONJ ct-11199 60 9 congested congested ADJ ct-11199 60 10 . . PUNCT ct-11199 61 1 a a DET ct-11199 61 2 few few ADJ ct-11199 61 3 seminiferous seminiferous ADJ ct-11199 61 4 tubules tubule NOUN ct-11199 61 5 appeared appear VERB ct-11199 61 6 within within ADP ct-11199 61 7 normal normal ADJ ct-11199 61 8 limits limit NOUN ct-11199 61 9 with with ADP ct-11199 61 10 abundant abundant ADJ ct-11199 61 11 spermatogenesis spermatogenesis NOUN ct-11199 61 12 . . PUNCT ct-11199 62 1 the the DET ct-11199 62 2 vas vas X ct-11199 62 3 deferens deferens NOUN ct-11199 62 4 in in ADP ct-11199 62 5 the the DET ct-11199 62 6 spermatic spermatic ADJ ct-11199 62 7 cord cord NOUN ct-11199 62 8 and and CCONJ ct-11199 62 9 the the DET ct-11199 62 10 adjoining adjoining ADJ ct-11199 62 11 smooth smooth ADJ ct-11199 62 12 muscle muscle NOUN ct-11199 62 13 and and CCONJ ct-11199 62 14 connective connective ADJ ct-11199 62 15 tissue tissue NOUN ct-11199 62 16 were be AUX ct-11199 62 17 also also ADV ct-11199 62 18 largely largely ADV ct-11199 62 19 obliterated obliterate VERB ct-11199 62 20 by by ADP ct-11199 62 21 neutrophils neutrophil NOUN ct-11199 62 22 and and CCONJ ct-11199 62 23 necrosis necrosis NOUN ct-11199 62 24 . . PUNCT ct-11199 63 1 the the DET ct-11199 63 2 pampiniform pampiniform NOUN ct-11199 63 3 plexus plexus NOUN ct-11199 63 4 was be AUX ct-11199 63 5 markedly markedly ADV ct-11199 63 6 congested congest VERB ct-11199 63 7 and and CCONJ ct-11199 63 8 vessels vessel NOUN ct-11199 63 9 were be AUX ct-11199 63 10 dilated dilate VERB ct-11199 63 11 . . PUNCT ct-11199 64 1 the the DET ct-11199 64 2 inflammation inflammation NOUN ct-11199 64 3 extended extend VERB ct-11199 64 4 to to ADP ct-11199 64 5 the the DET ct-11199 64 6 proximal proximal ADJ ct-11199 64 7 margin margin NOUN ct-11199 64 8 of of ADP ct-11199 64 9 the the DET ct-11199 64 10 cord cord NOUN ct-11199 64 11 . . PUNCT ct-11199 65 1 the the DET ct-11199 65 2 final final ADJ ct-11199 65 3 diagnosis diagnosis NOUN ct-11199 65 4 was be AUX ct-11199 65 5 severe severe ADJ ct-11199 65 6 suppurative suppurative ADJ ct-11199 65 7 and and CCONJ ct-11199 65 8 necrotizing necrotize VERB ct-11199 65 9 epididymitis epididymitis NOUN ct-11199 65 10 and and CCONJ ct-11199 65 11 funiculitis funiculitis NOUN ct-11199 65 12 . . PUNCT ct-11199 66 1 the the DET ct-11199 66 2 primary primary ADJ ct-11199 66 3 pathogen pathogen NOUN ct-11199 66 4 ( ( PUNCT ct-11199 66 5 e. e. NOUN ct-11199 66 6     SPACE ct-11199 66 7 coli coli NOUN ct-11199 66 8 ) ) PUNCT ct-11199 66 9 was be AUX ct-11199 66 10 confirmed confirm VERB ct-11199 66 11 . . PUNCT ct-11199 67 1 the the DET ct-11199 67 2 vasodilation vasodilation NOUN ct-11199 67 3 in in ADP ct-11199 67 4 this this DET ct-11199 67 5 case case NOUN ct-11199 67 6 suggested suggest VERB ct-11199 67 7 that that SCONJ ct-11199 67 8 the the DET ct-11199 67 9 patient patient NOUN ct-11199 67 10 additionally additionally ADV ct-11199 67 11 suffered suffer VERB ct-11199 67 12 from from ADP ct-11199 67 13 a a DET ct-11199 67 14 spermatic spermatic ADJ ct-11199 67 15 cord cord NOUN ct-11199 67 16 torsion torsion NOUN ct-11199 67 17 of of ADP ct-11199 67 18 the the DET ct-11199 67 19 affected affected ADJ ct-11199 67 20 testis testis NOUN ct-11199 67 21 . . PUNCT ct-11199 68 1 outcome outcome VERB ct-11199 68 2 the the DET ct-11199 68 3 patient patient NOUN ct-11199 68 4 completed complete VERB ct-11199 68 5 followup followup NOUN ct-11199 68 6 evaluations evaluation NOUN ct-11199 68 7 with with ADP ct-11199 68 8 a a DET ct-11199 68 9 local local ADJ ct-11199 68 10 veterinarian veterinarian NOUN ct-11199 68 11 . . PUNCT ct-11199 69 1 although although SCONJ ct-11199 69 2 the the DET ct-11199 69 3 recommended recommend VERB ct-11199 69 4 repeat repeat NOUN ct-11199 69 5 culture culture NOUN ct-11199 69 6 was be AUX ct-11199 69 7 not not PART ct-11199 69 8 performed perform VERB ct-11199 69 9 , , PUNCT ct-11199 69 10 a a DET ct-11199 69 11 semen semen NOUN ct-11199 69 12 analysis analysis NOUN ct-11199 69 13 was be AUX ct-11199 69 14 performed perform VERB ct-11199 69 15 3 3 NUM ct-11199 69 16 months month NOUN ct-11199 69 17 after after ADP ct-11199 69 18 surgery surgery NOUN ct-11199 69 19 . . PUNCT ct-11199 70 1 dog dog NOUN ct-11199 70 2 had have VERB ct-11199 70 3 limited limit VERB ct-11199 70 4 sperm sperm NOUN ct-11199 70 5 production production NOUN ct-11199 70 6 but but CCONJ ct-11199 70 7 with with ADP ct-11199 70 8 subjectively subjectively ADV ct-11199 70 9 low low ADJ ct-11199 70 10 numbers number NOUN ct-11199 70 11 and and CCONJ ct-11199 70 12 low low ADJ ct-11199 70 13 motility motility NOUN ct-11199 70 14 . . PUNCT ct-11199 71 1 five five NUM ct-11199 71 2 months month NOUN ct-11199 71 3 after after ADP ct-11199 71 4 surgery surgery NOUN ct-11199 71 5 the the DET ct-11199 71 6 dog dog NOUN ct-11199 71 7 was be AUX ct-11199 71 8 used use VERB ct-11199 71 9 for for ADP ct-11199 71 10 natural natural ADJ ct-11199 71 11 breeding breeding NOUN ct-11199 71 12 resulting result VERB ct-11199 71 13 in in ADP ct-11199 71 14 a a DET ct-11199 71 15 litter litter NOUN ct-11199 71 16 of of ADP ct-11199 71 17 6 6 NUM ct-11199 71 18 healthy healthy ADJ ct-11199 71 19 pups pup NOUN ct-11199 71 20 . . PUNCT ct-11199 72 1 at at ADP ct-11199 72 2 9 9 NUM ct-11199 72 3 months month NOUN ct-11199 72 4 after after ADP ct-11199 72 5 surgery surgery NOUN ct-11199 72 6 , , PUNCT ct-11199 72 7 semen semen NOUN ct-11199 72 8 collection collection NOUN ct-11199 72 9 and and CCONJ ct-11199 72 10 evaluation evaluation NOUN ct-11199 72 11 were be AUX ct-11199 72 12 performed perform VERB ct-11199 72 13 at at ADP ct-11199 72 14 another another DET ct-11199 72 15 facility facility NOUN ct-11199 72 16 , , PUNCT ct-11199 72 17 and and CCONJ ct-11199 72 18 the the DET ct-11199 72 19 dog dog NOUN ct-11199 72 20 had have VERB ct-11199 72 21 an an DET ct-11199 72 22 ejaculate ejaculate NOUN ct-11199 72 23 containing contain VERB ct-11199 72 24 650 650 NUM ct-11199 72 25 x x SYM ct-11199 72 26 106 106 NUM ct-11199 72 27 total total ADJ ct-11199 72 28 sperm sperm NOUN ct-11199 72 29 with with ADP ct-11199 72 30 98 98 NUM ct-11199 72 31 % % NOUN ct-11199 72 32 total total ADJ ct-11199 72 33 motility motility NOUN ct-11199 72 34 and and CCONJ ct-11199 72 35 93 93 NUM ct-11199 72 36 % % NOUN ct-11199 72 37 normal normal ADJ ct-11199 72 38 morphology morphology NOUN ct-11199 72 39 . . PUNCT ct-11199 73 1 discussion discussion NOUN ct-11199 73 2 differential differential PROPN ct-11199 73 3 diagnoses diagnosis NOUN ct-11199 73 4 for for ADP ct-11199 73 5 scrotal scrotal ADJ ct-11199 73 6 swelling swelling NOUN ct-11199 73 7 include include VERB ct-11199 73 8 epididymitis epididymitis NOUN ct-11199 73 9 , , PUNCT ct-11199 73 10 orchitis orchitis NOUN ct-11199 73 11 , , PUNCT ct-11199 73 12 neoplasia neoplasia NOUN ct-11199 73 13 , , PUNCT ct-11199 73 14 and and CCONJ ct-11199 73 15 testicular testicular ADJ ct-11199 73 16 torsion torsion NOUN ct-11199 73 17 . . PUNCT ct-11199 74 1 all all DET ct-11199 74 2 dogs dog NOUN ct-11199 74 3 presenting present VERB ct-11199 74 4 with with ADP ct-11199 74 5 an an DET ct-11199 74 6 enlarged enlarge VERB ct-11199 74 7 scrotum scrotum NOUN ct-11199 74 8 should should AUX ct-11199 74 9 be be AUX ct-11199 74 10 tested test VERB ct-11199 74 11 for for ADP ct-11199 74 12 canine canine NOUN ct-11199 74 13 brucellosis brucellosis NOUN ct-11199 74 14 , , PUNCT ct-11199 74 15 regardless regardless ADV ct-11199 74 16 of of ADP ct-11199 74 17 age age NOUN ct-11199 74 18 or or CCONJ ct-11199 74 19 breeding breeding NOUN ct-11199 74 20 status status NOUN ct-11199 74 21 . . PUNCT ct-11199 75 1 treatment treatment NOUN ct-11199 75 2 for for ADP ct-11199 75 3 those those DET ct-11199 75 4 disease disease NOUN ct-11199 75 5 processes process NOUN ct-11199 75 6 requires require VERB ct-11199 75 7 removal removal NOUN ct-11199 75 8 of of ADP ct-11199 75 9 affected affect VERB ct-11199 75 10 testes testis NOUN ct-11199 75 11 ; ; PUNCT ct-11199 75 12 antibiotic antibiotic ADJ ct-11199 75 13 therapy therapy NOUN ct-11199 75 14 alone alone ADV ct-11199 75 15 is be AUX ct-11199 75 16 rarely rarely ADV ct-11199 75 17 curative.2 curative.2 ADP ct-11199 75 18 the the DET ct-11199 75 19 pathogenesis pathogenesis NOUN ct-11199 75 20 of of ADP ct-11199 75 21 orchitis orchitis NOUN ct-11199 75 22 / / SYM ct-11199 75 23 epididymitis epididymitis NOUN ct-11199 75 24 involves involve VERB ct-11199 75 25 inflammation inflammation NOUN ct-11199 75 26 of of ADP ct-11199 75 27 the the DET ct-11199 75 28 scrotal scrotal ADJ ct-11199 75 29 contents content NOUN ct-11199 75 30 due due ADP ct-11199 75 31 to to ADP ct-11199 75 32 infection infection NOUN ct-11199 75 33 or or CCONJ ct-11199 75 34 autoimmune autoimmune ADJ ct-11199 75 35 destruction.3 destruction.3 PROPN ct-11199 75 36 infection infection NOUN ct-11199 75 37 can can AUX ct-11199 75 38 take take VERB ct-11199 75 39 place place NOUN ct-11199 75 40 either either CCONJ ct-11199 75 41 by by ADP ct-11199 75 42 retrograde retrograde ADJ ct-11199 75 43 movement movement NOUN ct-11199 75 44 of of ADP ct-11199 75 45 organisms organism NOUN ct-11199 75 46 from from ADP ct-11199 75 47 the the DET ct-11199 75 48 prostate prostate NOUN ct-11199 75 49 or or CCONJ ct-11199 75 50 lower low ADJ ct-11199 75 51 urinary urinary ADJ ct-11199 75 52 tract tract NOUN ct-11199 75 53 , , PUNCT ct-11199 75 54 hematogenous hematogenous ADJ ct-11199 75 55 spread spread NOUN ct-11199 75 56 , , PUNCT ct-11199 75 57 or or CCONJ ct-11199 75 58 via via ADP ct-11199 75 59 direct direct ADJ ct-11199 75 60 entry entry NOUN ct-11199 75 61 from from ADP ct-11199 75 62 a a DET ct-11199 75 63 bite bite NOUN ct-11199 75 64 / / SYM ct-11199 75 65 penetrating penetrate VERB ct-11199 75 66 wound.1 wound.1 PROPN ct-11199 75 67 in in ADP ct-11199 75 68 the the DET ct-11199 75 69 case case NOUN ct-11199 75 70 of of ADP ct-11199 75 71 retrograde retrograde ADJ ct-11199 75 72 infection infection NOUN ct-11199 75 73 orchitis orchitis NOUN ct-11199 75 74 / / SYM ct-11199 75 75 epididymitis epididymitis NOUN ct-11199 75 76 the the DET ct-11199 75 77 testis testis NOUN ct-11199 75 78 and and CCONJ ct-11199 75 79 epididymis epididymis NOUN ct-11199 75 80 will will AUX ct-11199 75 81 swell swell VERB ct-11199 75 82 and and CCONJ ct-11199 75 83 form form VERB ct-11199 75 84 numerous numerous ADJ ct-11199 75 85 , , PUNCT ct-11199 75 86 tiny tiny ADJ ct-11199 75 87 , , PUNCT ct-11199 75 88 intraluminal intraluminal ADJ ct-11199 75 89 abscesses abscess NOUN ct-11199 75 90 . . PUNCT ct-11199 76 1 the the DET ct-11199 76 2 chronicity chronicity NOUN ct-11199 76 3 of of ADP ct-11199 76 4 the the DET ct-11199 76 5 infection infection NOUN ct-11199 76 6 will will AUX ct-11199 76 7 frequently frequently ADV ct-11199 76 8 cause cause VERB ct-11199 76 9 the the DET ct-11199 76 10 epididymis epididymis NOUN ct-11199 76 11 to to PART ct-11199 76 12 become become VERB ct-11199 76 13 fibrotic fibrotic ADJ ct-11199 76 14 and and CCONJ ct-11199 76 15 the the DET ct-11199 76 16 testis testis NOUN ct-11199 76 17 to to PART ct-11199 76 18 degenerate degenerate VERB ct-11199 76 19 and and CCONJ ct-11199 76 20 scar.2,5 scar.2,5 NOUN ct-11199 76 21 organisms organism NOUN ct-11199 76 22 commonly commonly ADV ct-11199 76 23 associated associate VERB ct-11199 76 24 with with ADP ct-11199 76 25 orchitis orchitis NOUN ct-11199 76 26 / / SYM ct-11199 76 27 epididymitis epididymitis NOUN ct-11199 76 28 are be AUX ct-11199 76 29 e. e. PROPN ct-11199 76 30 coli coli PROPN ct-11199 76 31 ( ( PUNCT ct-11199 76 32 the the DET ct-11199 76 33 most most ADV ct-11199 76 34 common common ADJ ct-11199 76 35 ) ) PUNCT ct-11199 76 36 , , PUNCT ct-11199 76 37 brucella brucella PROPN ct-11199 76 38 canis canis PROPN ct-11199 76 39 , , PUNCT ct-11199 76 40 proteus proteus NOUN ct-11199 76 41 vulgaris vulgaris NOUN ct-11199 76 42 , , PUNCT ct-11199 76 43 staphylococcus staphylococcus NOUN ct-11199 76 44 spp spp NOUN ct-11199 76 45 . . PUNCT ct-11199 76 46 , , PUNCT ct-11199 76 47 streptococcus streptococcus VERB ct-11199 76 48 spp spp NOUN ct-11199 76 49 . . PUNCT ct-11199 76 50 , , PUNCT ct-11199 76 51 mycoplasma mycoplasma NOUN ct-11199 76 52 canis canis NOUN ct-11199 76 53 , , PUNCT ct-11199 76 54 blastomyces blastomyce NOUN ct-11199 76 55 dermatitidis dermatitidis PROPN ct-11199 76 56 , , PUNCT ct-11199 76 57 and and CCONJ ct-11199 76 58 canine canine VERB ct-11199 76 59 distemper distemper NOUN ct-11199 76 60 virus.2 virus.2 NOUN ct-11199 76 61 - - PUNCT ct-11199 76 62 5 5 NUM ct-11199 76 63 as as SCONJ ct-11199 76 64 the the DET ct-11199 76 65 preputial preputial ADJ ct-11199 76 66 cavity cavity NOUN ct-11199 76 67 and and CCONJ ct-11199 76 68 urethra urethra NOUN ct-11199 76 69 are be AUX ct-11199 76 70 not not PART ct-11199 76 71 sterile sterile ADJ ct-11199 76 72 , , PUNCT ct-11199 76 73 it it PRON ct-11199 76 74 should should AUX ct-11199 76 75 be be AUX ct-11199 76 76 noted note VERB ct-11199 76 77 many many ADJ ct-11199 76 78 of of ADP ct-11199 76 79 the the DET ct-11199 76 80 above above ADV ct-11199 76 81 - - PUNCT ct-11199 76 82 mentioned mention VERB ct-11199 76 83 bacteria bacteria NOUN ct-11199 76 84 are be AUX ct-11199 76 85 normal normal ADJ ct-11199 76 86 flora flora NOUN ct-11199 76 87 in in ADP ct-11199 76 88 the the DET ct-11199 76 89 male male ADJ ct-11199 76 90 reproductive reproductive ADJ ct-11199 76 91 tract.1,3,5 tract.1,3,5 NOUN ct-11199 76 92 bacterial bacterial ADJ ct-11199 76 93 prostatitis prostatitis NOUN ct-11199 76 94 is be AUX ct-11199 76 95 one one NUM ct-11199 76 96 of of ADP ct-11199 76 97 the the DET ct-11199 76 98 most most ADV ct-11199 76 99 prevalent prevalent ADJ ct-11199 76 100 diseases disease NOUN ct-11199 76 101 in in ADP ct-11199 76 102 intact intact ADJ ct-11199 76 103 male male ADJ ct-11199 76 104 dogs dog NOUN ct-11199 76 105 , , PUNCT ct-11199 76 106 secondary secondary ADJ ct-11199 76 107 to to ADP ct-11199 76 108 benign benign ADJ ct-11199 76 109 prostatic prostatic ADJ ct-11199 76 110 hyperplasia/ hyperplasia/ NUM ct-11199 76 111 hypertrophy.6,7 hypertrophy.6,7 PROPN ct-11199 76 112 many many ADJ ct-11199 76 113 bacteria bacteria NOUN ct-11199 76 114 mentioned mention VERB ct-11199 76 115 above above ADV ct-11199 76 116 are be AUX ct-11199 76 117 common common ADJ ct-11199 76 118 in in ADP ct-11199 76 119 cases case NOUN ct-11199 76 120 of of ADP ct-11199 76 121 bacterial bacterial ADJ ct-11199 76 122 prostatitis prostatitis NOUN ct-11199 76 123 and and CCONJ ct-11199 76 124 this this DET ct-11199 76 125 particular particular ADJ ct-11199 76 126 case case NOUN ct-11199 76 127 stands stand VERB ct-11199 76 128 to to PART ct-11199 76 129 reason reason NOUN ct-11199 76 130 that that SCONJ ct-11199 76 131 the the DET ct-11199 76 132 e. e. PROPN ct-11199 76 133 coli coli PROPN ct-11199 76 134 cultured cultured ADJ ct-11199 76 135 in in ADP ct-11199 76 136 this this DET ct-11199 76 137 case case NOUN ct-11199 76 138 might might AUX ct-11199 76 139 have have AUX ct-11199 76 140 been be AUX ct-11199 76 141     SPACE ct-11199 76 142 an an DET ct-11199 76 143 ascending ascend VERB ct-11199 76 144 infection infection NOUN ct-11199 76 145 from from ADP ct-11199 76 146 the the DET ct-11199 76 147 prostate prostate NOUN ct-11199 76 148 / / SYM ct-11199 76 149 urinary urinary ADJ ct-11199 76 150 tract tract NOUN ct-11199 76 151 system system NOUN ct-11199 76 152 , , PUNCT ct-11199 76 153 spreading spread VERB ct-11199 76 154 to to ADP ct-11199 76 155 the the DET ct-11199 76 156 testis testis NOUN ct-11199 76 157 via via ADP ct-11199 76 158 hematogenous hematogenous ADJ ct-11199 76 159 spread.7 spread.7 NOUN ct-11199 76 160 ultrasonography ultrasonography NOUN ct-11199 76 161 of of ADP ct-11199 76 162 the the DET ct-11199 76 163 prostate prostate NOUN ct-11199 76 164 might might AUX ct-11199 76 165 have have AUX ct-11199 76 166 been be AUX ct-11199 76 167 very very ADV ct-11199 76 168 beneficial beneficial ADJ ct-11199 76 169 in in ADP ct-11199 76 170 this this DET ct-11199 76 171 case case NOUN ct-11199 76 172 to to PART ct-11199 76 173 determine determine VERB ct-11199 76 174 if if SCONJ ct-11199 76 175 abscessation abscessation NOUN ct-11199 76 176 was be AUX ct-11199 76 177 apparent apparent ADJ ct-11199 76 178 in in ADP ct-11199 76 179 the the DET ct-11199 76 180 prostate prostate NOUN ct-11199 76 181 despite despite SCONJ ct-11199 76 182 the the DET ct-11199 76 183 digital digital ADJ ct-11199 76 184 rectal rectal ADJ ct-11199 76 185 examination examination NOUN ct-11199 76 186 findings finding NOUN ct-11199 76 187 within within ADP ct-11199 76 188 normal normal ADJ ct-11199 76 189 limits limit NOUN ct-11199 76 190 . . PUNCT ct-11199 77 1 in in ADP ct-11199 77 2 cases case NOUN ct-11199 77 3 of of ADP ct-11199 77 4 suspected suspect VERB ct-11199 77 5 orchitis orchitis NOUN ct-11199 77 6 / / SYM ct-11199 77 7 epididymitis epididymitis NOUN ct-11199 77 8 , , PUNCT ct-11199 77 9 ultrasonography ultrasonography NOUN ct-11199 77 10 can can AUX ct-11199 77 11 be be AUX ct-11199 77 12 useful useful ADJ ct-11199 77 13 for for ADP ct-11199 77 14 diagnosing diagnose VERB ct-11199 77 15 acute acute ADJ ct-11199 77 16 versus versus ADP ct-11199 77 17 chronic chronic ADJ ct-11199 77 18 conditions condition NOUN ct-11199 77 19 . . PUNCT ct-11199 78 1 acute acute ADJ ct-11199 78 2 cases case NOUN ct-11199 78 3 of of ADP ct-11199 78 4 orchitis orchitis NOUN ct-11199 78 5 on on ADP ct-11199 78 6 ultrasonography ultrasonography NOUN ct-11199 78 7 may may AUX ct-11199 78 8 have have VERB ct-11199 78 9 irregular irregular ADJ ct-11199 78 10 , , PUNCT ct-11199 78 11 poorly poorly ADV ct-11199 78 12 defined define VERB ct-11199 78 13 anechoic anechoic ADJ ct-11199 78 14 areas area NOUN ct-11199 78 15 with with ADP ct-11199 78 16 possible possible ADJ ct-11199 78 17 diffuse diffuse ADJ ct-11199 78 18 hypoechoic hypoechoic ADJ ct-11199 78 19 patterns pattern NOUN ct-11199 78 20 and and CCONJ ct-11199 78 21 focal focal ADJ ct-11199 78 22 abscessations abscessation NOUN ct-11199 78 23 . . PUNCT ct-11199 79 1 there there PRON ct-11199 79 2 is be VERB ct-11199 79 3 typically typically ADV ct-11199 79 4 enlargement enlargement NOUN ct-11199 79 5 of of ADP ct-11199 79 6 the the DET ct-11199 79 7 testis testis NOUN ct-11199 79 8 and and CCONJ ct-11199 79 9 epididymis epididymis NOUN ct-11199 79 10 with with ADP ct-11199 79 11 fluid fluid NOUN ct-11199 79 12 between between ADP ct-11199 79 13 the the DET ct-11199 79 14 visceral visceral ADJ ct-11199 79 15 and and CCONJ ct-11199 79 16 parietal parietal ADJ ct-11199 79 17 tunics tunic NOUN ct-11199 79 18 within within ADP ct-11199 79 19 the the DET ct-11199 79 20 scrotum.8 scrotum.8 PROPN ct-11199 79 21 in in ADP ct-11199 79 22 cases case NOUN ct-11199 79 23 of of ADP ct-11199 79 24 chronic chronic ADJ ct-11199 79 25 orchitis orchitis NOUN ct-11199 79 26 there there PRON ct-11199 79 27 may may AUX ct-11199 79 28 be be AUX ct-11199 79 29 less less ADV ct-11199 79 30 obvious obvious ADJ ct-11199 79 31 features feature NOUN ct-11199 79 32 noted note VERB ct-11199 79 33 on on ADP ct-11199 79 34 ultrasonography ultrasonography NOUN ct-11199 79 35 with with ADP ct-11199 79 36 hyperechoic hyperechoic ADJ ct-11199 79 37 or or CCONJ ct-11199 79 38 mixed mixed ADJ ct-11199 79 39 echogenic echogenic ADJ ct-11199 79 40 parenchyma parenchyma NOUN ct-11199 79 41 and and CCONJ ct-11199 79 42 reduced reduce VERB ct-11199 79 43 testis testis NOUN ct-11199 79 44 size size NOUN ct-11199 79 45 . . PUNCT ct-11199 80 1 abscesses abscess NOUN ct-11199 80 2 were be AUX ct-11199 80 3 observed observe VERB ct-11199 80 4 with with ADP ct-11199 80 5 chronic chronic ADJ ct-11199 80 6 orchitis orchitis NOUN ct-11199 80 7 , , PUNCT ct-11199 80 8 featured feature VERB ct-11199 80 9 as as ADP ct-11199 80 10 irregular irregular ADJ ct-11199 80 11 , , PUNCT ct-11199 80 12 hyperechoic hyperechoic ADJ ct-11199 80 13 walls wall NOUN ct-11199 80 14 filled fill VERB ct-11199 80 15 with with ADP ct-11199 80 16 anechoic anechoic ADJ ct-11199 80 17 / / SYM ct-11199 80 18 hypoechoic hypoechoic ADJ ct-11199 80 19 contents.8 contents.8 PROPN ct-11199 80 20 testicular testicular ADJ ct-11199 80 21 torsion torsion NOUN ct-11199 80 22 , , PUNCT ct-11199 80 23 more more ADV ct-11199 80 24 correctly correctly ADV ct-11199 80 25 termed term VERB ct-11199 80 26 torsion torsion NOUN ct-11199 80 27 of of ADP ct-11199 80 28 the the DET ct-11199 80 29 spermatic spermatic ADJ ct-11199 80 30 cord cord NOUN ct-11199 80 31 , , PUNCT ct-11199 80 32 varies vary VERB ct-11199 80 33 from from ADP ct-11199 80 34 a a DET ct-11199 80 35 loose loose ADJ ct-11199 80 36 360º 360º NOUN ct-11199 80 37 torsion torsion NOUN ct-11199 80 38 to to ADP ct-11199 80 39 several several ADJ ct-11199 80 40 tight tight ADJ ct-11199 80 41 revolutions revolution NOUN ct-11199 80 42 . . PUNCT ct-11199 81 1 dogs dog NOUN ct-11199 81 2 with with ADP ct-11199 81 3 cryptorchid cryptorchid NOUN ct-11199 81 4 testicular testicular NOUN ct-11199 81 5 torsion torsion NOUN ct-11199 81 6 usually usually ADV ct-11199 81 7 have have VERB ct-11199 81 8 signs sign NOUN ct-11199 81 9 of of ADP ct-11199 81 10 acute acute ADJ ct-11199 81 11 onset onset NOUN ct-11199 81 12 of of ADP ct-11199 81 13 abdominal abdominal ADJ ct-11199 81 14 pain pain NOUN ct-11199 81 15 , , PUNCT ct-11199 81 16 vomiting vomiting NOUN ct-11199 81 17 , , PUNCT ct-11199 81 18 abdominal abdominal ADJ ct-11199 81 19 distension distension NOUN ct-11199 81 20 , , PUNCT ct-11199 81 21 lethargy lethargy NOUN ct-11199 81 22 , , PUNCT ct-11199 81 23 anorexia anorexia ADJ ct-11199 81 24 , , PUNCT ct-11199 81 25 stiff stiff ADJ ct-11199 81 26 gait gait NOUN ct-11199 81 27 , , PUNCT ct-11199 81 28 dysuria dysuria PROPN ct-11199 81 29 , , PUNCT ct-11199 81 30 hematuria hematuria NOUN ct-11199 81 31 , , PUNCT ct-11199 81 32 and and CCONJ ct-11199 81 33 pyrexia.7,9,10 pyrexia.7,9,10 VERB ct-11199 81 34 if if SCONJ ct-11199 81 35 testicular testicular ADJ ct-11199 81 36 torsion torsion NOUN ct-11199 81 37 involves involve VERB ct-11199 81 38 a a DET ct-11199 81 39 scrotal scrotal ADJ ct-11199 81 40 testis testis NOUN ct-11199 81 41 , , PUNCT ct-11199 81 42 swelling swell VERB ct-11199 81 43 of of ADP ct-11199 81 44 the the DET ct-11199 81 45 scrotum scrotum NOUN ct-11199 81 46 may may AUX ct-11199 81 47 or or CCONJ ct-11199 81 48 may may AUX ct-11199 81 49 not not PART ct-11199 81 50 be be AUX ct-11199 81 51 painful painful ADJ ct-11199 81 52 . . PUNCT ct-11199 82 1 torsion torsion NOUN ct-11199 82 2 is be AUX ct-11199 82 3 also also ADV ct-11199 82 4 more more ADV ct-11199 82 5 commonly commonly ADV ct-11199 82 6 reported report VERB ct-11199 82 7 in in ADP ct-11199 82 8 cryptorchid cryptorchid NOUN ct-11199 82 9 testes testis NOUN ct-11199 82 10 than than ADP ct-11199 82 11 with with ADP ct-11199 82 12 scrotal scrotal ADJ ct-11199 82 13 testes.7,9,10 testes.7,9,10 NOUN ct-11199 82 14 intraabdominal intraabdominal ADJ ct-11199 82 15 testes testis NOUN ct-11199 82 16 are be AUX ct-11199 82 17 thought think VERB ct-11199 82 18 to to PART ct-11199 82 19 be be AUX ct-11199 82 20 more more ADV ct-11199 82 21 prone prone ADJ ct-11199 82 22 to to ADP ct-11199 82 23 torsion torsion NOUN ct-11199 82 24 due due ADP ct-11199 82 25 to to ADP ct-11199 82 26 greater great ADJ ct-11199 82 27 mobility mobility NOUN ct-11199 82 28 of of ADP ct-11199 82 29 the the DET ct-11199 82 30 testis testis NOUN ct-11199 82 31 within within ADP ct-11199 82 32 the the DET ct-11199 82 33 abdominal abdominal ADJ ct-11199 82 34 cavity.7,9,10 cavity.7,9,10 NOUN ct-11199 82 35 histologic histologic ADJ ct-11199 82 36 descriptions description NOUN ct-11199 82 37 of of ADP ct-11199 82 38 nonneoplastic nonneoplastic ADJ ct-11199 82 39 testicular testicular ADJ ct-11199 82 40 torsion torsion NOUN ct-11199 82 41 have have VERB ct-11199 82 42 ischemic ischemic ADJ ct-11199 82 43 necrosis necrosis NOUN ct-11199 82 44 , , PUNCT ct-11199 82 45 intratesticular intratesticular ADJ ct-11199 82 46 hemorrhage hemorrhage NOUN ct-11199 82 47 , , PUNCT ct-11199 82 48 and and CCONJ ct-11199 82 49 epididymal epididymal ADJ ct-11199 82 50 edema.9,10 edema.9,10 NOUN ct-11199 82 51 regardless regardless ADV ct-11199 82 52 of of ADP ct-11199 82 53 etiology etiology NOUN ct-11199 82 54 , , PUNCT ct-11199 82 55 valuable valuable ADJ ct-11199 82 56 breeding breeding NOUN ct-11199 82 57 dogs dog NOUN ct-11199 82 58 with with ADP ct-11199 82 59 only only ADV ct-11199 82 60 1 1 NUM ct-11199 82 61 affected affected ADJ ct-11199 82 62 testis testis NOUN ct-11199 82 63 are be AUX ct-11199 82 64 good good ADJ ct-11199 82 65 candidates candidate NOUN ct-11199 82 66 to to PART ct-11199 82 67 undergo undergo VERB ct-11199 82 68 a a DET ct-11199 82 69 unilateral unilateral ADJ ct-11199 82 70 orchiectomy orchiectomy NOUN ct-11199 82 71 as as ADV ct-11199 82 72 soon soon ADV ct-11199 82 73 as as ADP ct-11199 82 74 possible possible ADJ ct-11199 82 75 to to PART ct-11199 82 76 prevent prevent VERB ct-11199 82 77 atrophy atrophy NOUN ct-11199 82 78 of of ADP ct-11199 82 79 the the DET ct-11199 82 80 contralateral contralateral ADJ ct-11199 82 81 testis testis NOUN ct-11199 82 82 due due ADP ct-11199 82 83 to to ADP ct-11199 82 84 heat heat NOUN ct-11199 82 85 , , PUNCT ct-11199 82 86 compression compression NOUN ct-11199 82 87 , , PUNCT ct-11199 82 88 extension extension NOUN ct-11199 82 89 of of ADP ct-11199 82 90 an an DET ct-11199 82 91 infection infection NOUN ct-11199 82 92 , , PUNCT ct-11199 82 93 or or CCONJ ct-11199 82 94 hormonal hormonal ADJ ct-11199 82 95 suppression suppression NOUN ct-11199 82 96 from from ADP ct-11199 82 97 certain certain ADJ ct-11199 82 98 tumors tumor NOUN ct-11199 82 99 . . PUNCT ct-11199 83 1 semen semen NOUN ct-11199 83 2 quality quality NOUN ct-11199 83 3 should should AUX ct-11199 83 4 return return VERB ct-11199 83 5 to to ADP ct-11199 83 6 normal normal ADJ ct-11199 83 7 62 62 NUM ct-11199 83 8 days day NOUN ct-11199 83 9 after after SCONJ ct-11199 83 10 therapy.1,2 therapy.1,2 ADJ ct-11199 83 11 compensatory compensatory ADJ ct-11199 83 12 hypertrophy hypertrophy NOUN ct-11199 83 13 of of ADP ct-11199 83 14 the the DET ct-11199 83 15 remaining remain VERB ct-11199 83 16 testis testis NOUN ct-11199 83 17 may may AUX ct-11199 83 18 be be AUX ct-11199 83 19 evident evident ADJ ct-11199 83 20 as as ADV ct-11199 83 21 early early ADV ct-11199 83 22 as as ADP ct-11199 83 23 3 3 NUM ct-11199 83 24 months month NOUN ct-11199 83 25 after after SCONJ ct-11199 83 26 surgery.2 surgery.2 NOUN ct-11199 83 27 prognosis prognosis NOUN ct-11199 83 28 is be AUX ct-11199 83 29 better well ADJ ct-11199 83 30 if if SCONJ ct-11199 83 31 neither neither CCONJ ct-11199 83 32 atrophy atrophy NOUN ct-11199 83 33 nor nor CCONJ ct-11199 83 34 fibrosis fibrosis NOUN ct-11199 83 35 is be AUX ct-11199 83 36 noted note VERB ct-11199 83 37 in in ADP ct-11199 83 38 the the DET ct-11199 83 39 remaining remain VERB ct-11199 83 40 testis.2 testis.2 PROPN ct-11199 83 41 it it PRON ct-11199 83 42 is be AUX ct-11199 83 43 noted note VERB ct-11199 83 44 in in ADP ct-11199 83 45 stallions stallion NOUN ct-11199 83 46 that that PRON ct-11199 83 47 orchidopexy orchidopexy NOUN ct-11199 83 48 of of ADP ct-11199 83 49 the the DET ct-11199 83 50 remaining remain VERB ct-11199 83 51 scrotal scrotal ADJ ct-11199 83 52 testis testis NOUN ct-11199 83 53 is be AUX ct-11199 83 54 recommended recommend VERB ct-11199 83 55 at at ADP ct-11199 83 56 surgery.9 surgery.9 PROPN ct-11199 83 57 in in ADP ct-11199 83 58 dogs dog NOUN ct-11199 83 59 , , PUNCT ct-11199 83 60 torsion torsion NOUN ct-11199 83 61 is be AUX ct-11199 83 62 more more ADV ct-11199 83 63 common common ADJ ct-11199 83 64 in in ADP ct-11199 83 65 the the DET ct-11199 83 66 undescended undescended ADJ ct-11199 83 67 ( ( PUNCT ct-11199 83 68 cryptorchid cryptorchid NOUN ct-11199 83 69 ) ) PUNCT ct-11199 83 70 testis testis NOUN ct-11199 83 71 and and CCONJ ct-11199 83 72 often often ADV ct-11199 83 73 both both PRON ct-11199 83 74 descended descend VERB ct-11199 83 75 and and CCONJ ct-11199 83 76 undescended undescended ADJ ct-11199 83 77 testes testis NOUN ct-11199 83 78 are be AUX ct-11199 83 79 removed.9 removed.9 NOUN ct-11199 83 80 orchidopexy orchidopexy NOUN ct-11199 83 81 is be AUX ct-11199 83 82 not not PART ct-11199 83 83 routinely routinely ADV ct-11199 83 84 performed perform VERB ct-11199 83 85 in in ADP ct-11199 83 86 dogs dog NOUN ct-11199 83 87 nor nor CCONJ ct-11199 83 88 in in ADP ct-11199 83 89 this this DET ct-11199 83 90 case case NOUN ct-11199 83 91 . . PUNCT ct-11199 84 1 learning learn VERB ct-11199 84 2 points point NOUN ct-11199 84 3 • • NOUN ct-11199 84 4 testing testing NOUN ct-11199 84 5 for for ADP ct-11199 84 6 brucellosis brucellosis NOUN ct-11199 84 7 in in ADP ct-11199 84 8 all all DET ct-11199 84 9 breeding breed VERB ct-11199 84 10 dogs dog NOUN ct-11199 84 11 is be AUX ct-11199 84 12 strongly strongly ADV ct-11199 84 13     SPACE ct-11199 84 14 recommended recommend VERB ct-11199 84 15 , , PUNCT ct-11199 84 16 especially especially ADV ct-11199 84 17 if if SCONJ ct-11199 84 18 they they PRON ct-11199 84 19 have have VERB ct-11199 84 20 possible possible ADJ ct-11199 84 21 clinical clinical ADJ ct-11199 84 22 signs sign NOUN ct-11199 84 23 for for ADP ct-11199 84 24 the the DET ct-11199 84 25 disease disease NOUN ct-11199 85 1 • • NOUN ct-11199 85 2 hemicastration hemicastration NOUN ct-11199 85 3 is be AUX ct-11199 85 4 a a DET ct-11199 85 5 viable viable ADJ ct-11199 85 6     SPACE ct-11199 85 7 option option NOUN ct-11199 85 8 ( ( PUNCT ct-11199 85 9 can can AUX ct-11199 85 10 be be AUX ct-11199 85 11 performed perform VERB ct-11199 85 12 by by ADP ct-11199 85 13 general general ADJ ct-11199 85 14 practitioners practitioner NOUN ct-11199 85 15 ) ) PUNCT ct-11199 85 16 to to PART ct-11199 85 17 preserve preserve VERB ct-11199 85 18 breeding breed VERB ct-11199 85 19 potential potential NOUN ct-11199 85 20 for for ADP ct-11199 85 21 clients client NOUN ct-11199 85 22 valuable valuable ADJ ct-11199 85 23 breeding breeding NOUN ct-11199 85 24 dogs dog NOUN ct-11199 85 25 • • INTJ ct-11199 85 26 it it PRON ct-11199 85 27 is be AUX ct-11199 85 28 important important ADJ ct-11199 85 29 to to PART ct-11199 85 30 perform perform VERB ct-11199 85 31 semen semen NOUN ct-11199 85 32 analysis analysis NOUN ct-11199 85 33 at at ADP ct-11199 85 34 2 2 NUM ct-11199 85 35 - - SYM ct-11199 85 36 3 3 NUM ct-11199 85 37 months month NOUN ct-11199 85 38 after after ADP ct-11199 85 39 hemicastration hemicastration NOUN ct-11199 85 40 to to PART ct-11199 85 41 determine determine VERB ct-11199 85 42 successful successful ADJ ct-11199 85 43 preservation preservation NOUN ct-11199 85 44 of of ADP ct-11199 85 45 fertility fertility NOUN ct-11199 85 46     SPACE ct-11199 85 47 • • NOUN ct-11199 85 48 submitting submit VERB ct-11199 85 49 samples sample NOUN ct-11199 85 50 for for ADP ct-11199 85 51 histopathology histopathology NOUN ct-11199 85 52 is be AUX ct-11199 85 53 ideal ideal ADJ ct-11199 85 54 for for ADP ct-11199 85 55 ruling rule VERB ct-11199 85 56 out out ADP ct-11199 85 57 infectious infectious ADJ ct-11199 85 58 disease disease NOUN ct-11199 85 59 processes process NOUN ct-11199 85 60 that that PRON ct-11199 85 61 may may AUX ct-11199 85 62 require require VERB ct-11199 85 63 systemic systemic ADJ ct-11199 85 64 treatment treatment NOUN ct-11199 85 65 http://dx.doi.org/10.58292/ct.v17.11199 http://dx.doi.org/10.58292/ct.v17.11199 NOUN ct-11199 85 66 4 4 NUM ct-11199 85 67 citation citation NOUN ct-11199 85 68 : : PUNCT ct-11199 85 69 clinical clinical ADJ ct-11199 85 70 theriogenology theriogenology NOUN ct-11199 85 71 2025 2025 NUM ct-11199 85 72 , , PUNCT ct-11199 85 73 17 17 NUM ct-11199 85 74 , , PUNCT ct-11199 85 75 11199 11199 NUM ct-11199 85 76 , , PUNCT ct-11199 85 77 http://dx.doi.org/10.58292/ct.v17.11199 http://dx.doi.org/10.58292/ct.v17.11199 NOUN ct-11199 85 78 acknowledgments acknowledgment NOUN ct-11199 85 79 authors author NOUN ct-11199 85 80 thank thank AUX ct-11199 85 81 drs drs PROPN ct-11199 85 82 . . PUNCT ct-11199 86 1 mike mike PROPN ct-11199 86 2 johnson johnson PROPN ct-11199 86 3 and and CCONJ ct-11199 86 4 emily emily PROPN ct-11199 86 5 o’connell o’connell VERB ct-11199 86 6 for for ADP ct-11199 86 7 their their PRON ct-11199 86 8 collaboration collaboration NOUN ct-11199 86 9 and and CCONJ ct-11199 86 10 support support NOUN ct-11199 86 11 with with ADP ct-11199 86 12 this this DET ct-11199 86 13 clinical clinical ADJ ct-11199 86 14 case case NOUN ct-11199 86 15     SPACE ct-11199 86 16 report report NOUN ct-11199 86 17 . . PUNCT ct-11199 87 1 conflict conflict NOUN ct-11199 87 2 of of ADP ct-11199 87 3 interest interest NOUN ct-11199 87 4 authors author NOUN ct-11199 87 5 have have VERB ct-11199 87 6 nothing nothing PRON ct-11199 87 7 to to PART ct-11199 87 8 declare declare VERB ct-11199 87 9 . . PUNCT ct-11199 88 1 references reference NOUN ct-11199 88 2 1 1 NUM ct-11199 88 3 . . PUNCT ct-11199 89 1 fuchs fuchs PROPN ct-11199 89 2     SPACE ct-11199 89 3 km km PROPN ct-11199 89 4 , , PUNCT ct-11199 89 5     SPACE ct-11199 89 6 de de X ct-11199 89 7 sousa sousa PROPN ct-11199 89 8     SPACE ct-11199 89 9 gc gc PROPN ct-11199 89 10 , , PUNCT ct-11199 89 11     SPACE ct-11199 89 12 denadai denadai NOUN ct-11199 89 13     SPACE ct-11199 89 14 r r NOUN ct-11199 89 15 , , PUNCT ct-11199 89 16     SPACE ct-11199 89 17 et et PROPN ct-11199 89 18 al al PROPN ct-11199 89 19 : : PUNCT ct-11199 89 20     SPACE ct-11199 89 21 unilateral unilateral ADJ ct-11199 89 22 orchitis orchitis NOUN ct-11199 89 23 - - PUNCT ct-11199 89 24 epididymitis epididymitis NOUN ct-11199 89 25 and and CCONJ ct-11199 89 26 diffuse diffuse VERB ct-11199 89 27 periorchitis periorchitis NOUN ct-11199 89 28 in in ADP ct-11199 89 29 a a DET ct-11199 89 30 dog dog NOUN ct-11199 89 31 due due ADP ct-11199 89 32 to to ADP ct-11199 89 33 β β ADJ ct-11199 89 34 - - ADJ ct-11199 89 35 haemolytic haemolytic ADJ ct-11199 89 36 streptococcal streptococcal ADJ ct-11199 89 37 infection infection NOUN ct-11199 89 38 . . PUNCT ct-11199 89 39     SPACE ct-11199 90 1 vet vet NOUN ct-11199 90 2 rec rec NOUN ct-11199 90 3 case case NOUN ct-11199 90 4 rep rep PROPN ct-11199 90 5 2023;11 2023;11 NOUN ct-11199 90 6 : : PUNCT ct-11199 90 7 e655 e655 PROPN ct-11199 90 8 . . PUNCT ct-11199 90 9     SPACE ct-11199 90 10 doi doi NOUN ct-11199 90 11 : : PUNCT ct-11199 90 12 10.1002 10.1002 NUM ct-11199 90 13 / / SYM ct-11199 90 14 vrc2.655 vrc2.655 NOUN ct-11199 90 15 2 2 NUM ct-11199 90 16 . . X ct-11199 90 17 johnston johnston PROPN ct-11199 90 18 sd sd PROPN ct-11199 90 19 , , PUNCT ct-11199 90 20 root root NOUN ct-11199 90 21 kustritz kustritz PROPN ct-11199 90 22 mv mv PROPN ct-11199 90 23 , , PUNCT ct-11199 90 24 olson olson NOUN ct-11199 90 25 pn pn PROPN ct-11199 90 26 : : PUNCT ct-11199 90 27 disorders disorder NOUN ct-11199 90 28 of of ADP ct-11199 90 29 the the DET ct-11199 90 30 canine canine NOUN ct-11199 90 31 testes testis NOUN ct-11199 90 32 and and CCONJ ct-11199 90 33 epididymes epididyme NOUN ct-11199 90 34 . . PUNCT ct-11199 91 1 in in ADP ct-11199 91 2 : : PUNCT ct-11199 91 3 canine canine VERB ct-11199 91 4 and and CCONJ ct-11199 91 5 feline feline ADJ ct-11199 91 6 theriogenology theriogenology PROPN ct-11199 91 7 . . PUNCT ct-11199 92 1 philadelphia philadelphia PROPN ct-11199 92 2 , , PUNCT ct-11199 92 3 pa pa PROPN ct-11199 92 4 ; ; PUNCT ct-11199 92 5 saunders saunder NOUN ct-11199 92 6 : : PUNCT ct-11199 92 7 2001 2001 NUM ct-11199 92 8 . . PUNCT ct-11199 93 1 p. p. NOUN ct-11199 93 2 312 312 NUM ct-11199 93 3 - - SYM ct-11199 93 4 332 332 NUM ct-11199 93 5 . . PUNCT ct-11199 94 1 3 3 X ct-11199 94 2 . . X ct-11199 94 3 pérez pérez PROPN ct-11199 94 4 c c PROPN ct-11199 94 5 , , PUNCT ct-11199 94 6 whitacre whitacre PROPN ct-11199 94 7 md md PROPN ct-11199 94 8 , , PUNCT ct-11199 94 9 thakur thakur PROPN ct-11199 94 10 s s PROPN ct-11199 94 11 , , PUNCT ct-11199 94 12 et et PROPN ct-11199 94 13 al al PROPN ct-11199 94 14 : : PUNCT ct-11199 94 15 unilateral unilateral ADJ ct-11199 94 16 epididymitis epididymitis NOUN ct-11199 94 17 associated associate VERB ct-11199 94 18 with with ADP ct-11199 94 19 salmonella salmonella NOUN ct-11199 94 20 bacteremia bacteremia NOUN ct-11199 94 21 in in ADP ct-11199 94 22 a a DET ct-11199 94 23 dog dog NOUN ct-11199 94 24 . . PUNCT ct-11199 94 25     SPACE ct-11199 94 26 clin clin PROPN ct-11199 94 27 theriogenol theriogenol PROPN ct-11199 94 28 2012;4:61 2012;4:61 PROPN ct-11199 94 29 - - PUNCT ct-11199 94 30 65 65 NUM ct-11199 94 31 . . PUNCT ct-11199 95 1 doi doi NOUN ct-11199 95 2 : : PUNCT ct-11199 95 3 10.58292 10.58292 NUM ct-11199 95 4 / / SYM ct-11199 95 5 ct.v4.11253 ct.v4.11253 PROPN ct-11199 95 6 4 4 NUM ct-11199 95 7 . . PUNCT ct-11199 96 1 camargo camargo NOUN ct-11199 96 2 - - PUNCT ct-11199 96 3 castañeda castañeda PROPN ct-11199 96 4 am be AUX ct-11199 96 5 , , PUNCT ct-11199 96 6 stranahan stranahan PROPN ct-11199 96 7 lw lw PROPN ct-11199 96 8 , , PUNCT ct-11199 97 1 edwards edwards PROPN ct-11199 97 2 jf jf PROPN ct-11199 97 3 , , PUNCT ct-11199 97 4 et et PROPN ct-11199 97 5 al al PROPN ct-11199 97 6 : : PUNCT ct-11199 97 7 characterization characterization NOUN ct-11199 97 8 of of ADP ct-11199 97 9 epididymal epididymal ADJ ct-11199 97 10 and and CCONJ ct-11199 97 11 testicular testicular ADJ ct-11199 97 12 histologic histologic ADJ ct-11199 97 13 lesions lesion NOUN ct-11199 97 14 and and CCONJ ct-11199 97 15 use use NOUN ct-11199 97 16 of of ADP ct-11199 97 17 immunohistochemistry immunohistochemistry NOUN ct-11199 97 18 and and CCONJ ct-11199 97 19 pcr pcr NOUN ct-11199 97 20 on on ADP ct-11199 97 21 formalin formalin NOUN ct-11199 97 22 - - PUNCT ct-11199 97 23 fixed fix VERB ct-11199 97 24 tissues tissue NOUN ct-11199 97 25 to to PART ct-11199 97 26 detect detect VERB ct-11199 97 27     SPACE ct-11199 97 28 brucella brucella PROPN ct-11199 97 29 canis canis X ct-11199 97 30     SPACE ct-11199 97 31 in in ADP ct-11199 97 32 male male ADJ ct-11199 97 33 dogs dog NOUN ct-11199 97 34 . . PUNCT ct-11199 97 35     SPACE ct-11199 98 1 j j PROPN ct-11199 98 2 vet vet PROPN ct-11199 98 3 diagn diagn PROPN ct-11199 98 4 invest invest VERB ct-11199 98 5 2021;33:352 2021;33:352 NUM ct-11199 98 6 - - SYM ct-11199 98 7 356 356 NUM ct-11199 98 8 . . PUNCT ct-11199 99 1 doi doi NOUN ct-11199 99 2 : : PUNCT ct-11199 99 3 10.1177/1040638720986883 10.1177/1040638720986883 NUM ct-11199 99 4 5 5 NUM ct-11199 99 5 . . PUNCT ct-11199 100 1 root root PROPN ct-11199 100 2 kustritz kustritz PROPN ct-11199 100 3 mv mv PROPN ct-11199 100 4 , , PUNCT ct-11199 100 5 johnston johnston PROPN ct-11199 100 6 sd sd PROPN ct-11199 100 7 , , PUNCT ct-11199 100 8 olson olson NOUN ct-11199 100 9 pn pn PROPN ct-11199 100 10 , , PUNCT ct-11199 100 11 et et PROPN ct-11199 100 12 al al PROPN ct-11199 100 13 : : PUNCT ct-11199 100 14 relationship relationship NOUN ct-11199 100 15 between between ADP ct-11199 100 16 inflammatory inflammatory ADJ ct-11199 100 17 cytology cytology NOUN ct-11199 100 18 of of ADP ct-11199 100 19 canine canine PROPN ct-11199 100 20 seminal seminal ADJ ct-11199 100 21 fluid fluid ADJ ct-11199 100 22 and and CCONJ ct-11199 100 23 significant significant ADJ ct-11199 100 24 aerobic aerobic ADJ ct-11199 100 25 bacterial bacterial ADJ ct-11199 100 26 , , PUNCT ct-11199 100 27 anaerobic anaerobic ADJ ct-11199 100 28 bacterial bacterial ADJ ct-11199 100 29 or or CCONJ ct-11199 100 30 mycoplasma mycoplasma VERB ct-11199 100 31 cultures culture NOUN ct-11199 100 32 of of ADP ct-11199 100 33 canine canine ADJ ct-11199 100 34 seminal seminal ADJ ct-11199 100 35 fluid fluid NOUN ct-11199 100 36 : : PUNCT ct-11199 100 37 95 95 NUM ct-11199 100 38 cases case NOUN ct-11199 100 39 ( ( PUNCT ct-11199 100 40 1987 1987 NUM ct-11199 100 41 – – PUNCT ct-11199 100 42 2000 2000 NUM ct-11199 100 43 ) ) PUNCT ct-11199 100 44 . . PUNCT ct-11199 101 1 theriogenology theriogenology NOUN ct-11199 101 2 2005;64:1333 2005;64:1333 NUM ct-11199 101 3 - - SYM ct-11199 101 4 1339 1339 NUM ct-11199 101 5 . . PUNCT ct-11199 102 1 doi doi NOUN ct-11199 102 2 : : PUNCT ct-11199 102 3 10.1016 10.1016 NUM ct-11199 102 4 / / SYM ct-11199 102 5 j. j. PROPN ct-11199 102 6 theriogenology.2005.03.003 theriogenology.2005.03.003 PROPN ct-11199 103 1 6 6 NUM ct-11199 103 2 . . PUNCT ct-11199 103 3 weese weese PROPN ct-11199 103 4 js js PROPN ct-11199 103 5 , , PUNCT ct-11199 103 6 blondeau blondeau PROPN ct-11199 103 7 j j PROPN ct-11199 103 8 , , PUNCT ct-11199 103 9 boothe boothe PROPN ct-11199 103 10 d d PROPN ct-11199 103 11 , , PUNCT ct-11199 103 12 et et PROPN ct-11199 103 13 al al PROPN ct-11199 103 14 : : PUNCT ct-11199 103 15 international international ADJ ct-11199 103 16 society society NOUN ct-11199 103 17 for for ADP ct-11199 103 18 companion companion NOUN ct-11199 103 19 animal animal NOUN ct-11199 103 20 infectious infectious ADJ ct-11199 103 21 diseases disease NOUN ct-11199 103 22 ( ( PUNCT ct-11199 103 23 iscaid iscaid NOUN ct-11199 103 24 ) ) PUNCT ct-11199 103 25 guidelines guideline NOUN ct-11199 103 26 for for ADP ct-11199 103 27 the the DET ct-11199 103 28 diagnosis diagnosis NOUN ct-11199 103 29 and and CCONJ ct-11199 103 30 management management NOUN ct-11199 103 31 of of ADP ct-11199 103 32 bacterial bacterial ADJ ct-11199 103 33 urinary urinary ADJ ct-11199 103 34 tract tract NOUN ct-11199 103 35 infections infection NOUN ct-11199 103 36 in in ADP ct-11199 103 37 dogs dog NOUN ct-11199 103 38 and and CCONJ ct-11199 103 39 cats cat NOUN ct-11199 103 40 . . PUNCT ct-11199 104 1 vet vet NOUN ct-11199 104 2 j j PROPN ct-11199 104 3 2019;247:8 2019;247:8 NUM ct-11199 104 4 - - SYM ct-11199 104 5 25 25 NUM ct-11199 104 6 . . PUNCT ct-11199 105 1 doi doi NOUN ct-11199 105 2 : : PUNCT ct-11199 105 3 10.1016 10.1016 NUM ct-11199 105 4 / / SYM ct-11199 105 5 j. j. PROPN ct-11199 105 6 tvjl.2019.02.008 tvjl.2019.02.008 PROPN ct-11199 105 7 7 7 PROPN ct-11199 105 8 . . PUNCT ct-11199 105 9 foster foster PROPN ct-11199 105 10 ra ra PROPN ct-11199 105 11 : : PUNCT ct-11199 105 12 common common ADJ ct-11199 105 13 lesions lesion NOUN ct-11199 105 14 in in ADP ct-11199 105 15 the the DET ct-11199 105 16 male male ADJ ct-11199 105 17 reproductive reproductive ADJ ct-11199 105 18 tract tract NOUN ct-11199 105 19 of of ADP ct-11199 105 20 cats cat NOUN ct-11199 105 21 and and CCONJ ct-11199 105 22 dogs dog NOUN ct-11199 105 23 . . PUNCT ct-11199 106 1 vet vet NOUN ct-11199 106 2 clin clin PROPN ct-11199 106 3 north north PROPN ct-11199 106 4 am be AUX ct-11199 106 5 small small ADJ ct-11199 106 6 anim anim NOUN ct-11199 106 7 pract pract NOUN ct-11199 106 8 2012:42;527 2012:42;527 NUM ct-11199 106 9 - - SYM ct-11199 106 10 545 545 NUM ct-11199 106 11 . . PUNCT ct-11199 107 1 doi doi NOUN ct-11199 107 2 : : PUNCT ct-11199 107 3 10.1016 10.1016 NUM ct-11199 107 4 / / SYM ct-11199 107 5 j.cvsm.2012.01.007 j.cvsm.2012.01.007 ADJ ct-11199 107 6 8 8 NUM ct-11199 107 7 . . PUNCT ct-11199 108 1 bracco bracco PROPN ct-11199 108 2 c c PROPN ct-11199 108 3 , , PUNCT ct-11199 108 4 gloria gloria PROPN ct-11199 108 5 a a PRON ct-11199 108 6 , , PUNCT ct-11199 108 7 contri contri ADJ ct-11199 108 8 a a DET ct-11199 108 9 : : PUNCT ct-11199 108 10 ultrasound ultrasound NOUN ct-11199 108 11 - - PUNCT ct-11199 108 12 based base VERB ct-11199 108 13 technologies technology NOUN ct-11199 108 14 for for ADP ct-11199 108 15 the the DET ct-11199 108 16 evaluation evaluation NOUN ct-11199 108 17 of of ADP ct-11199 108 18 testicles testicle NOUN ct-11199 108 19 in in ADP ct-11199 108 20 the the DET ct-11199 108 21 dog dog NOUN ct-11199 108 22 : : PUNCT ct-11199 108 23 keystones keystone NOUN ct-11199 108 24 and and CCONJ ct-11199 108 25 breakthroughs breakthrough NOUN ct-11199 108 26 . . PUNCT ct-11199 109 1 vet vet NOUN ct-11199 109 2 sci sci PROPN ct-11199 109 3 2023;10:683 2023;10:683 NUM ct-11199 109 4 . . PUNCT ct-11199 110 1 doi doi NOUN ct-11199 110 2 : : PUNCT ct-11199 110 3 10.3390 10.3390 NUM ct-11199 110 4 / / SYM ct-11199 110 5 vetsci10120683 vetsci10120683 NOUN ct-11199 110 6 . . PUNCT ct-11199 111 1 9 9 X ct-11199 111 2 . . X ct-11199 111 3 raisi raisi NOUN ct-11199 111 4 a a DET ct-11199 111 5 , , PUNCT ct-11199 111 6 davoodi davoodi ADJ ct-11199 111 7 f f NOUN ct-11199 111 8 : : PUNCT ct-11199 111 9 testicular testicular ADJ ct-11199 111 10 torsions torsion NOUN ct-11199 111 11 in in ADP ct-11199 111 12 veterinary veterinary ADJ ct-11199 111 13 medicine medicine NOUN ct-11199 111 14 . . PUNCT ct-11199 112 1 vet vet NOUN ct-11199 112 2 res re NOUN ct-11199 112 3 commun commun PROPN ct-11199 112 4 2022;46:303 2022;46:303 PROPN ct-11199 112 5 - - PUNCT ct-11199 112 6 313 313 NUM ct-11199 112 7 . . PUNCT ct-11199 113 1 doi doi NOUN ct-11199 113 2 : : PUNCT ct-11199 113 3 10.1007 10.1007 NUM ct-11199 113 4 / / SYM ct-11199 113 5 s11259 s11259 NOUN ct-11199 113 6 - - PUNCT ct-11199 113 7 021 021 NUM ct-11199 113 8 - - PUNCT ct-11199 113 9 09873 09873 NUM ct-11199 113 10 - - SYM ct-11199 113 11 5 5 NUM ct-11199 113 12 10 10 NUM ct-11199 113 13 . . PUNCT ct-11199 114 1 whitfill whitfill PROPN ct-11199 114 2 n n NUM ct-11199 114 3 , , PUNCT ct-11199 114 4 johnson johnson PROPN ct-11199 114 5 a a PROPN ct-11199 114 6 , , PUNCT ct-11199 114 7 wilborn wilborn VERB ct-11199 114 8 r r NOUN ct-11199 114 9 , , PUNCT ct-11199 114 10 et et PROPN ct-11199 114 11 al al PROPN ct-11199 114 12 : : PUNCT ct-11199 114 13 a a DET ct-11199 114 14 case case NOUN ct-11199 114 15 of of ADP ct-11199 114 16 testicular testicular ADJ ct-11199 114 17 torsion torsion NOUN ct-11199 114 18 in in ADP ct-11199 114 19 an an DET ct-11199 114 20 intact intact ADJ ct-11199 114 21 cane cane NOUN ct-11199 114 22 corso corso NOUN ct-11199 114 23 . . PUNCT ct-11199 114 24     SPACE ct-11199 114 25 clin clin PROPN ct-11199 114 26 theriogenol theriogenol PROPN ct-11199 114 27 2029;11:505 2029;11:505 PROPN ct-11199 114 28 . . PUNCT ct-11199 115 1 doi doi NOUN ct-11199 115 2 : : PUNCT ct-11199 115 3 10.58292 10.58292 NUM ct-11199 115 4 / / SYM ct-11199 115 5 ct.v11.10430 ct.v11.10430 PROPN ct-11199 115 6 http://dx.doi.org/10.58292/ct.v17.11199 http://dx.doi.org/10.58292/ct.v17.11199 NOUN ct-11199 115 7 https://doi.org/10.1002/vrc2.655 https://doi.org/10.1002/vrc2.655 ADP ct-11199 115 8 https://doi.org/10.58292/ct.v4.11253 https://doi.org/10.58292/ct.v4.11253 INTJ ct-11199 115 9 https://doi.org/10.1177/1040638720986883 https://doi.org/10.1177/1040638720986883 PUNCT ct-11199 115 10 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.theriogenology.2005.03.003 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.theriogenology.2005.03.003 PROPN ct-11199 115 11 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.theriogenology.2005.03.003 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.theriogenology.2005.03.003 PROPN ct-11199 115 12 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tvjl.2019.02.008 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tvjl.2019.02.008 PROPN ct-11199 115 13 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tvjl.2019.02.008 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tvjl.2019.02.008 PROPN ct-11199 115 14 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cvsm.2012.01.007 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cvsm.2012.01.007 VERB ct-11199 115 15 https://doi.org/10.3390/vetsci10120683 https://doi.org/10.3390/vetsci10120683 NOUN ct-11199 115 16 . . 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