id sid tid token lemma pos ct-12629 1 1 1 1 NUM ct-12629 1 2 case case NOUN ct-12629 1 3 report report VERB ct-12629 1 4 retrospective retrospective ADJ ct-12629 1 5 review review NOUN ct-12629 1 6 of of ADP ct-12629 1 7 dystocia dystocia NOUN ct-12629 1 8 in in ADP ct-12629 1 9 south south ADJ ct-12629 1 10 american american ADJ ct-12629 1 11 camelids camelid NOUN ct-12629 1 12 julianne julianne PROPN ct-12629 1 13 nussbaum nussbaum PROPN ct-12629 1 14 , , PUNCT ct-12629 1 15 grace grace NOUN ct-12629 1 16 malla malla PROPN ct-12629 1 17 , , PUNCT ct-12629 1 18 caroline caroline PROPN ct-12629 1 19 griffin griffin PROPN ct-12629 1 20 , , PUNCT ct-12629 1 21 sarah sarah PROPN ct-12629 1 22 templeton templeton PROPN ct-12629 1 23 , , PUNCT ct-12629 1 24 andrea andrea PROPN ct-12629 1 25 lear lear PROPN ct-12629 1 26 , , PUNCT ct-12629 1 27 eduardo eduardo PROPN ct-12629 1 28 prado prado PROPN ct-12629 1 29 , , PUNCT ct-12629 1 30 tulio tulio PROPN ct-12629 1 31 prado prado PROPN ct-12629 1 32 , , PUNCT ct-12629 1 33 joe joe PROPN ct-12629 1 34 smith smith PROPN ct-12629 1 35 department department PROPN ct-12629 1 36 of of ADP ct-12629 1 37 large large ADJ ct-12629 1 38 animal animal NOUN ct-12629 1 39 clinical clinical ADJ ct-12629 1 40 sciences science NOUN ct-12629 1 41 , , PUNCT ct-12629 1 42 university university PROPN ct-12629 1 43 of of ADP ct-12629 1 44 tennessee tennessee PROPN ct-12629 1 45 , , PUNCT ct-12629 1 46 college college NOUN ct-12629 1 47 of of ADP ct-12629 1 48 veterinary veterinary ADJ ct-12629 1 49 medicine medicine NOUN ct-12629 1 50 , , PUNCT ct-12629 1 51 knoxville knoxville PROPN ct-12629 1 52 , , PUNCT ct-12629 1 53 tn tn PROPN ct-12629 1 54 , , PUNCT ct-12629 1 55 usa usa PROPN ct-12629 1 56 abstract abstract NOUN ct-12629 1 57 we we PRON ct-12629 1 58 describe describe VERB ct-12629 1 59 case case NOUN ct-12629 1 60 management management NOUN ct-12629 1 61 of of ADP ct-12629 1 62 30 30 NUM ct-12629 1 63 south south ADJ ct-12629 1 64 american american ADJ ct-12629 1 65 camelids camelid NOUN ct-12629 1 66 ( ( PUNCT ct-12629 1 67 7 7 NUM ct-12629 1 68 llamas llama NOUN ct-12629 1 69 and and CCONJ ct-12629 1 70 23 23 NUM ct-12629 1 71 alpacas alpaca NOUN ct-12629 1 72 ) ) PUNCT ct-12629 1 73 presented present VERB ct-12629 1 74 to to ADP ct-12629 1 75 our our PRON ct-12629 1 76 tertiary tertiary ADJ ct-12629 1 77 care care NOUN ct-12629 1 78 hospital hospital NOUN ct-12629 1 79 for for ADP ct-12629 1 80 dystocia dystocia PROPN ct-12629 1 81 . . PUNCT ct-12629 2 1 assisted assist VERB ct-12629 2 2 vaginal vaginal ADJ ct-12629 2 3 delivery delivery NOUN ct-12629 2 4 was be AUX ct-12629 2 5 successful successful ADJ ct-12629 2 6 in in ADP ct-12629 2 7 80 80 NUM ct-12629 2 8 % % NOUN ct-12629 2 9 of of ADP ct-12629 2 10 llamas llama NOUN ct-12629 2 11 and and CCONJ ct-12629 2 12 50 50 NUM ct-12629 2 13 % % NOUN ct-12629 2 14 of of ADP ct-12629 2 15 alpacas alpaca NOUN ct-12629 2 16 . . PUNCT ct-12629 3 1 due due ADP ct-12629 3 2 to to ADP ct-12629 3 3 unique unique ADJ ct-12629 3 4 camelid camelid ADJ ct-12629 3 5 anatomy anatomy NOUN ct-12629 3 6 , , PUNCT ct-12629 3 7 equid equid ADJ ct-12629 3 8 dystocia dystocia NOUN ct-12629 3 9 practices practice NOUN ct-12629 3 10 were be AUX ct-12629 3 11 modified modify VERB ct-12629 3 12 . . PUNCT ct-12629 4 1 for for ADP ct-12629 4 2 llamas llama NOUN ct-12629 4 3 and and CCONJ ct-12629 4 4 alpacas alpaca NOUN ct-12629 4 5 , , PUNCT ct-12629 4 6 neonatal neonatal ADJ ct-12629 4 7 survival survival NOUN ct-12629 4 8 rates rate NOUN ct-12629 4 9 were be AUX ct-12629 4 10 71 71 NUM ct-12629 4 11 and and CCONJ ct-12629 4 12 69 69 NUM ct-12629 4 13 % % NOUN ct-12629 4 14 , , PUNCT ct-12629 4 15 respectively respectively ADV ct-12629 4 16 and and CCONJ ct-12629 4 17 nearly nearly ADV ct-12629 4 18 all all PRON ct-12629 4 19 dams dam NOUN ct-12629 4 20 ( ( PUNCT ct-12629 4 21 100 100 NUM ct-12629 4 22 % % NOUN ct-12629 5 1 [ [ X ct-12629 5 2 7/7 7/7 NUM ct-12629 5 3 ] ] PUNCT ct-12629 5 4 and and CCONJ ct-12629 5 5 96 96 NUM ct-12629 5 6 % % NOUN ct-12629 6 1 [ [ X ct-12629 6 2 22/23 22/23 NUM ct-12629 6 3 ] ] PUNCT ct-12629 6 4 ) ) PUNCT ct-12629 6 5 were be AUX ct-12629 6 6 discharged discharge VERB ct-12629 6 7 from from ADP ct-12629 6 8 the the DET ct-12629 6 9 hospital hospital NOUN ct-12629 6 10 . . PUNCT ct-12629 7 1 furthermore furthermore ADV ct-12629 7 2 , , PUNCT ct-12629 7 3 90 90 NUM ct-12629 7 4 % % NOUN ct-12629 7 5 ( ( PUNCT ct-12629 7 6 18/20 18/20 NUM ct-12629 7 7 ) ) PUNCT ct-12629 7 8 of of ADP ct-12629 7 9 cria cria PROPN ct-12629 7 10 survived survive VERB ct-12629 7 11 for for ADP ct-12629 7 12 at at ADV ct-12629 7 13 least least ADV ct-12629 7 14 1 1 NUM ct-12629 7 15 year year NOUN ct-12629 7 16 . . PUNCT ct-12629 8 1 it it PRON ct-12629 8 2 is be AUX ct-12629 8 3 important important ADJ ct-12629 8 4 to to PART ct-12629 8 5 advise advise VERB ct-12629 8 6 owners owner NOUN ct-12629 8 7 of of ADP ct-12629 8 8 potential potential ADJ ct-12629 8 9 complications complication NOUN ct-12629 8 10 and and CCONJ ct-12629 8 11 the the DET ct-12629 8 12 need need NOUN ct-12629 8 13 for for ADP ct-12629 8 14 rapid rapid ADJ ct-12629 8 15 and and CCONJ ct-12629 8 16 appropriate appropriate ADJ ct-12629 8 17 veterinary veterinary ADJ ct-12629 8 18 intervention intervention NOUN ct-12629 8 19 ( ( PUNCT ct-12629 8 20 including include VERB ct-12629 8 21 surgical surgical ADJ ct-12629 8 22 ) ) PUNCT ct-12629 8 23 if if SCONJ ct-12629 8 24 a a DET ct-12629 8 25 favorable favorable ADJ ct-12629 8 26 outcome outcome NOUN ct-12629 8 27 is be AUX ct-12629 8 28 desired desire VERB ct-12629 8 29 ( ( PUNCT ct-12629 8 30 for for ADP ct-12629 8 31 both both DET ct-12629 8 32 dam dam NOUN ct-12629 8 33 and and CCONJ ct-12629 8 34 cria cria PROPN ct-12629 8 35 ) ) PUNCT ct-12629 8 36 . . PUNCT ct-12629 9 1 keywords keyword NOUN ct-12629 9 2 : : PUNCT ct-12629 9 3 dystocia dystocia NOUN ct-12629 9 4 , , PUNCT ct-12629 9 5 llama llama NOUN ct-12629 9 6 , , PUNCT ct-12629 9 7 alpaca alpaca NOUN ct-12629 9 8 , , PUNCT ct-12629 9 9 assisted assist VERB ct-12629 9 10 vaginal vaginal ADJ ct-12629 9 11 delivery delivery NOUN ct-12629 9 12 , , PUNCT ct-12629 9 13 cesarian cesarian ADJ ct-12629 9 14 delivery delivery NOUN ct-12629 9 15 introduction introduction NOUN ct-12629 9 16 dystocia dystocia NOUN ct-12629 9 17 in in ADP ct-12629 9 18 south south ADJ ct-12629 9 19 american american ADJ ct-12629 9 20 camelids camelid NOUN ct-12629 9 21 ( ( PUNCT ct-12629 9 22 sacs sac NOUN ct-12629 9 23 ) ) PUNCT ct-12629 9 24 , , PUNCT ct-12629 9 25 as as ADP ct-12629 9 26 with with ADP ct-12629 9 27 equid equid ADJ ct-12629 9 28 species specie NOUN ct-12629 9 29 , , PUNCT ct-12629 9 30 is be AUX ct-12629 9 31 a a DET ct-12629 9 32 medical medical ADJ ct-12629 9 33 emergency emergency NOUN ct-12629 9 34 for for ADP ct-12629 9 35 dam dam NOUN ct-12629 9 36 and and CCONJ ct-12629 9 37 fetus fetus NOUN ct-12629 9 38 ; ; PUNCT ct-12629 9 39 however however ADV ct-12629 9 40 , , PUNCT ct-12629 9 41 the the DET ct-12629 9 42 unique unique ADJ ct-12629 9 43 anatomy anatomy NOUN ct-12629 9 44 ( ( PUNCT ct-12629 9 45 narrow narrow ADJ ct-12629 9 46 pelvic pelvic ADJ ct-12629 9 47 inlet inlet NOUN ct-12629 9 48 , , PUNCT ct-12629 9 49 vaginal vaginal ADJ ct-12629 9 50 and and CCONJ ct-12629 9 51 cervical cervical ADJ ct-12629 9 52 size size NOUN ct-12629 9 53 ) ) PUNCT ct-12629 9 54 and and CCONJ ct-12629 9 55 short short ADJ ct-12629 9 56 parturient parturient ADJ ct-12629 9 57 window window NOUN ct-12629 9 58 of of ADP ct-12629 9 59 sacs sac NOUN ct-12629 9 60 make make VERB ct-12629 9 61 handling handle VERB ct-12629 9 62 difficult.1,2 difficult.1,2 PROPN ct-12629 9 63 furthermore furthermore ADV ct-12629 9 64 , , PUNCT ct-12629 9 65 forceful forceful ADJ ct-12629 9 66 uterine uterine ADJ ct-12629 9 67 contractions contraction NOUN ct-12629 9 68 lead lead VERB ct-12629 9 69 to to ADP ct-12629 9 70 premature premature ADJ ct-12629 9 71 detachment detachment NOUN ct-12629 9 72 of of ADP ct-12629 9 73 fetal fetal ADJ ct-12629 9 74 membranes membrane NOUN ct-12629 9 75 and and CCONJ ct-12629 9 76 subsequent subsequent ADJ ct-12629 9 77 neonatal neonatal ADJ ct-12629 9 78 hypoxia.3 hypoxia.3 PROPN ct-12629 9 79 understanding understand VERB ct-12629 9 80 techniques technique NOUN ct-12629 9 81 and and CCONJ ct-12629 9 82 outcomes outcome NOUN ct-12629 9 83 associated associate VERB ct-12629 9 84 with with ADP ct-12629 9 85 medical medical ADJ ct-12629 9 86 intervention intervention NOUN ct-12629 9 87 ( ( PUNCT ct-12629 9 88 e.g. e.g. ADV ct-12629 9 89 vagina vagina NOUN ct-12629 9 90 and and CCONJ ct-12629 9 91 cervix cervix NOUN ct-12629 9 92 are be AUX ct-12629 9 93 prone prone ADJ ct-12629 9 94 to to ADP ct-12629 9 95 adhesions adhesion NOUN ct-12629 9 96 ) ) PUNCT ct-12629 9 97 are be AUX ct-12629 9 98 helpful helpful ADJ ct-12629 9 99 for for ADP ct-12629 9 100 appropriate appropriate ADJ ct-12629 9 101 case case NOUN ct-12629 9 102 management.3 management.3 ADJ ct-12629 9 103 incidence incidence NOUN ct-12629 9 104 of of ADP ct-12629 9 105 dystocia dystocia NOUN ct-12629 9 106 is be AUX ct-12629 9 107 low low ADJ ct-12629 9 108 ( ( PUNCT ct-12629 9 109 1 1 NUM ct-12629 9 110 - - SYM ct-12629 9 111 5 5 NUM ct-12629 9 112 % % NOUN ct-12629 9 113 of of ADP ct-12629 9 114 births birth NOUN ct-12629 9 115 ) ) PUNCT ct-12629 9 116 in in ADP ct-12629 9 117 camelids camelid NOUN ct-12629 9 118 , , PUNCT ct-12629 9 119 with with ADP ct-12629 9 120 1 1 NUM ct-12629 9 121 % % NOUN ct-12629 9 122 requiring require VERB ct-12629 9 123 major major ADJ ct-12629 9 124 medical medical ADJ ct-12629 9 125 intervention.2,4 intervention.2,4 NOUN ct-12629 9 126 in in ADP ct-12629 9 127 comparison comparison NOUN ct-12629 9 128 , , PUNCT ct-12629 9 129 dystocia dystocia NOUN ct-12629 9 130 rates rate NOUN ct-12629 9 131 are be AUX ct-12629 9 132 8.9 8.9 NUM ct-12629 9 133 % % NOUN ct-12629 9 134 in in ADP ct-12629 9 135 old old ADJ ct-12629 9 136 - - PUNCT ct-12629 9 137 world world NOUN ct-12629 9 138 camelids camelid NOUN ct-12629 9 139 , , PUNCT ct-12629 9 140 2 2 NUM ct-12629 9 141 - - SYM ct-12629 9 142 7 7 NUM ct-12629 9 143 and and CCONJ ct-12629 9 144 8.5 8.5 NUM ct-12629 9 145 % % NOUN ct-12629 9 146 in in ADP ct-12629 9 147 dairy dairy NOUN ct-12629 9 148 and and CCONJ ct-12629 9 149 beef beef NOUN ct-12629 9 150 cattle cattle NOUN ct-12629 9 151 respectively respectively ADV ct-12629 9 152 and and CCONJ ct-12629 9 153 2 2 NUM ct-12629 9 154 - - SYM ct-12629 9 155 13 13 NUM ct-12629 9 156 % % NOUN ct-12629 9 157 in in ADP ct-12629 9 158 horses.4–7 horses.4–7 NOUN ct-12629 9 159 in in ADP ct-12629 9 160 camelids camelid NOUN ct-12629 9 161 , , PUNCT ct-12629 9 162 dystocia dystocia NOUN ct-12629 9 163 should should AUX ct-12629 9 164 be be AUX ct-12629 9 165 suspected suspect VERB ct-12629 9 166 if if SCONJ ct-12629 9 167 stage stage NOUN ct-12629 9 168 1 1 NUM ct-12629 9 169 is be AUX ct-12629 9 170 > > X ct-12629 9 171 6 6 NUM ct-12629 9 172 hours hour NOUN ct-12629 9 173 or or CCONJ ct-12629 9 174 stage stage NOUN ct-12629 9 175 ii ii PROPN ct-12629 9 176 does do AUX ct-12629 9 177 not not PART ct-12629 9 178 progress progress VERB ct-12629 9 179 normally normally ADV ct-12629 9 180 10 10 NUM ct-12629 9 181 minutes minute NOUN ct-12629 9 182 after after SCONJ ct-12629 9 183 amniotic amniotic ADJ ct-12629 9 184 sac sac NOUN ct-12629 9 185 rupture.1,2 rupture.1,2 ADJ ct-12629 9 186 dystocia dystocia NOUN ct-12629 9 187 has have VERB ct-12629 9 188 maternal maternal ADJ ct-12629 9 189 and and CCONJ ct-12629 9 190 fetal fetal ADJ ct-12629 9 191 causes cause NOUN ct-12629 9 192 . . PUNCT ct-12629 10 1 the the DET ct-12629 10 2 former former ADJ ct-12629 10 3 include include VERB ct-12629 10 4 uterine uterine ADJ ct-12629 10 5 torsion torsion NOUN ct-12629 10 6 , , PUNCT ct-12629 10 7 failure failure NOUN ct-12629 10 8 of of ADP ct-12629 10 9 cervical cervical ADJ ct-12629 10 10 dilation dilation NOUN ct-12629 10 11 , , PUNCT ct-12629 10 12 uterine uterine ADJ ct-12629 10 13 inertia inertia NOUN ct-12629 10 14 , , PUNCT ct-12629 10 15 and and CCONJ ct-12629 10 16 less less ADV ct-12629 10 17 commonly commonly ADV ct-12629 10 18 , , PUNCT ct-12629 10 19 fetomaternal fetomaternal ADJ ct-12629 10 20 disproportion,1 disproportion,1 NOUN ct-12629 10 21 whereas whereas SCONJ ct-12629 10 22 the the DET ct-12629 10 23 latter latter NOUN ct-12629 10 24 are be AUX ct-12629 10 25 due due ADJ ct-12629 10 26 to to ADP ct-12629 10 27 malposition malposition NOUN ct-12629 10 28 ( ( PUNCT ct-12629 10 29 i.e. i.e. X ct-12629 10 30 neck neck NOUN ct-12629 10 31 flexion flexion NOUN ct-12629 10 32 , , PUNCT ct-12629 10 33 front front NOUN ct-12629 10 34 and and CCONJ ct-12629 10 35 hind hind NOUN ct-12629 10 36 limbs limb NOUN ct-12629 10 37 flexure flexure VERB ct-12629 10 38 ) ) PUNCT ct-12629 10 39 and/or and/or CCONJ ct-12629 10 40 fetal fetal ADJ ct-12629 10 41 abnormalities.1 abnormalities.1 NOUN ct-12629 10 42     SPACE ct-12629 10 43 based base VERB ct-12629 10 44 on on ADP ct-12629 10 45 a a DET ct-12629 10 46 review review NOUN ct-12629 10 47 of of ADP ct-12629 10 48 medical medical ADJ ct-12629 10 49 records record NOUN ct-12629 10 50 , , PUNCT ct-12629 10 51 our our PRON ct-12629 10 52 objectives objective NOUN ct-12629 10 53 were be AUX ct-12629 10 54 to to PART ct-12629 10 55 : : PUNCT ct-12629 10 56 1 1 X ct-12629 10 57 . . X ct-12629 10 58 quantify quantify VERB ct-12629 10 59 the the DET ct-12629 10 60 types type NOUN ct-12629 10 61 of of ADP ct-12629 10 62 dystocia dystocia NOUN ct-12629 10 63 in in ADP ct-12629 10 64 sacs sac NOUN ct-12629 10 65 and and CCONJ ct-12629 10 66 their their PRON ct-12629 10 67 clinical clinical ADJ ct-12629 10 68 workup workup NOUN ct-12629 10 69 and and CCONJ ct-12629 10 70 treatment treatment NOUN ct-12629 10 71 options option NOUN ct-12629 10 72 provided provide VERB ct-12629 10 73 within within ADP ct-12629 10 74 a a DET ct-12629 10 75 tertiary tertiary ADJ ct-12629 10 76 referral referral NOUN ct-12629 10 77 hospital hospital NOUN ct-12629 10 78 ; ; PUNCT ct-12629 10 79 2 2 X ct-12629 10 80 . . X ct-12629 10 81 present present VERB ct-12629 10 82 a a DET ct-12629 10 83 general general ADJ ct-12629 10 84 overview overview NOUN ct-12629 10 85 of of ADP ct-12629 10 86 dystocia dystocia NOUN ct-12629 10 87 procedures procedure NOUN ct-12629 10 88 and and CCONJ ct-12629 10 89 case case NOUN ct-12629 10 90 handling handling NOUN ct-12629 10 91 ( ( PUNCT ct-12629 10 92 adapted adapt VERB ct-12629 10 93 from from ADP ct-12629 10 94 equid equid ADJ ct-12629 10 95 and and CCONJ ct-12629 10 96 ruminant ruminant NOUN ct-12629 10 97 practices practice NOUN ct-12629 10 98 ) ) PUNCT ct-12629 10 99 ; ; PUNCT ct-12629 10 100 and and CCONJ ct-12629 10 101 3 3 X ct-12629 10 102 . . X ct-12629 10 103 determine determine VERB ct-12629 10 104 outcomes outcome NOUN ct-12629 10 105 ( ( PUNCT ct-12629 10 106 short short ADJ ct-12629 10 107 and and CCONJ ct-12629 10 108 long long ADJ ct-12629 10 109 - - PUNCT ct-12629 10 110 term term NOUN ct-12629 10 111 dam dam NOUN ct-12629 10 112 and and CCONJ ct-12629 10 113 cria cria PROPN ct-12629 10 114 mortality mortality NOUN ct-12629 10 115 and and CCONJ ct-12629 10 116 dam dam NOUN ct-12629 10 117 ’s ’s PART ct-12629 10 118 subsequent subsequent ADJ ct-12629 10 119 reproductive reproductive ADJ ct-12629 10 120 success success NOUN ct-12629 10 121 ) ) PUNCT ct-12629 10 122 . . PUNCT ct-12629 11 1 medical medical ADJ ct-12629 11 2 records record NOUN ct-12629 11 3 and and CCONJ ct-12629 11 4 data datum NOUN ct-12629 11 5 analyses analyse VERB ct-12629 11 6 medical medical ADJ ct-12629 11 7 records record NOUN ct-12629 11 8 of of ADP ct-12629 11 9 llamas llama NOUN ct-12629 11 10 and and CCONJ ct-12629 11 11 alpacas alpaca NOUN ct-12629 11 12 admitted admit VERB ct-12629 11 13 to to ADP ct-12629 11 14 our our PRON ct-12629 11 15 teaching teaching NOUN ct-12629 11 16 hospital hospital NOUN ct-12629 11 17 from from ADP ct-12629 11 18 2006 2006 NUM ct-12629 11 19 to to ADP ct-12629 11 20 2024 2024 NUM ct-12629 11 21 for for ADP ct-12629 11 22 dystocia dystocia NOUN ct-12629 11 23 as as SCONJ ct-12629 11 24 the the DET ct-12629 11 25 primary primary ADJ ct-12629 11 26 complaint complaint NOUN ct-12629 11 27 were be AUX ct-12629 11 28 examined examine VERB ct-12629 11 29 . . PUNCT ct-12629 12 1 data datum NOUN ct-12629 12 2 on on ADP ct-12629 12 3 species specie NOUN ct-12629 12 4 , , PUNCT ct-12629 12 5 age age NOUN ct-12629 12 6 , , PUNCT ct-12629 12 7 diagnostics diagnostic NOUN ct-12629 12 8 performed perform VERB ct-12629 12 9 , , PUNCT ct-12629 12 10 workup workup PROPN ct-12629 12 11 prior prior ADV ct-12629 12 12 to to ADP ct-12629 12 13 presentation presentation NOUN ct-12629 12 14 , , PUNCT ct-12629 12 15 fetal fetal ADJ ct-12629 12 16 position position NOUN ct-12629 12 17 , , PUNCT ct-12629 12 18 medical medical ADJ ct-12629 12 19 intervention intervention NOUN ct-12629 12 20 , , PUNCT ct-12629 12 21 days day NOUN ct-12629 12 22 hospitalized hospitalize VERB ct-12629 12 23 , , PUNCT ct-12629 12 24 and and CCONJ ct-12629 12 25 outcome outcome NOUN ct-12629 12 26 were be AUX ct-12629 12 27 collected collect VERB ct-12629 12 28 . . PUNCT ct-12629 13 1 as as ADP ct-12629 13 2 per per ADP ct-12629 13 3 the the DET ct-12629 13 4 criteria criterion NOUN ct-12629 13 5 adopted adopt VERB ct-12629 13 6 , , PUNCT ct-12629 13 7 records record NOUN ct-12629 13 8 of of ADP ct-12629 13 9 30 30 NUM ct-12629 13 10 animals animal NOUN ct-12629 13 11 ( ( PUNCT ct-12629 13 12 7 7 NUM ct-12629 13 13 llamas llama NOUN ct-12629 13 14 and and CCONJ ct-12629 13 15 23 23 NUM ct-12629 13 16 alpacas alpaca NOUN ct-12629 13 17 ) ) PUNCT ct-12629 13 18 were be AUX ct-12629 13 19 identified identify VERB ct-12629 13 20 . . PUNCT ct-12629 14 1 for for ADP ct-12629 14 2 llamas llama NOUN ct-12629 14 3 and and CCONJ ct-12629 14 4 alpacas alpaca NOUN ct-12629 14 5 , , PUNCT ct-12629 14 6 median median ADJ ct-12629 14 7 age age NOUN ct-12629 14 8 was be AUX ct-12629 14 9 8.5 8.5 NUM ct-12629 14 10 years year NOUN ct-12629 14 11 ( ( PUNCT ct-12629 14 12 8.5 8.5 NUM ct-12629 14 13 ± ± NUM ct-12629 14 14 3.6 3.6 NUM ct-12629 14 15 , , PUNCT ct-12629 14 16 range range VERB ct-12629 14 17 4 4 NUM ct-12629 14 18 - - SYM ct-12629 14 19 15 15 NUM ct-12629 14 20 years year NOUN ct-12629 14 21 and and CCONJ ct-12629 14 22 6.9 6.9 NUM ct-12629 14 23 years year NOUN ct-12629 14 24 ( ( PUNCT ct-12629 14 25 6.9 6.9 NUM ct-12629 14 26 ± ± NUM ct-12629 14 27 3.8 3.8 NUM ct-12629 14 28 , , PUNCT ct-12629 14 29 range range VERB ct-12629 14 30 3 3 NUM ct-12629 14 31 - - SYM ct-12629 14 32 13 13 NUM ct-12629 14 33 years year NOUN ct-12629 14 34 ) ) PUNCT ct-12629 14 35 , , PUNCT ct-12629 14 36 respectively respectively ADV ct-12629 14 37 , , PUNCT ct-12629 14 38 and and CCONJ ct-12629 14 39 median median ADJ ct-12629 14 40 weight weight NOUN ct-12629 14 41 was be AUX ct-12629 14 42 162.7 162.7 NUM ct-12629 14 43 kg kg NOUN ct-12629 14 44 ( ( PUNCT ct-12629 14 45 162.7 162.7 NUM ct-12629 14 46 ± ± NUM ct-12629 14 47 13.2 13.2 NUM ct-12629 14 48 , , PUNCT ct-12629 14 49 range range VERB ct-12629 14 50 152.3 152.3 NUM ct-12629 14 51 - - SYM ct-12629 14 52 177 177 NUM ct-12629 14 53 kg kg NOUN ct-12629 14 54 ) ) PUNCT ct-12629 14 55 and and CCONJ ct-12629 14 56 71.5 71.5 NUM ct-12629 14 57 kg kg NOUN ct-12629 14 58 ( ( PUNCT ct-12629 14 59 71.5 71.5 NUM ct-12629 14 60 ± ± NUM ct-12629 14 61 17 17 NUM ct-12629 14 62 , , PUNCT ct-12629 14 63 range range VERB ct-12629 14 64 50 50 NUM ct-12629 14 65 - - SYM ct-12629 14 66 91 91 NUM ct-12629 14 67 kg kg NOUN ct-12629 14 68 ) ) PUNCT ct-12629 14 69 . . PUNCT ct-12629 15 1 descriptive descriptive ADJ ct-12629 15 2 statistics statistic NOUN ct-12629 15 3 and and CCONJ ct-12629 15 4 fischer fischer PROPN ct-12629 15 5 ’s ’s PART ct-12629 15 6 exact exact ADJ ct-12629 15 7 test test NOUN ct-12629 15 8 ( ( PUNCT ct-12629 15 9 to to PART ct-12629 15 10 compare compare VERB ct-12629 15 11 groups group NOUN ct-12629 15 12 ) ) PUNCT ct-12629 15 13 were be AUX ct-12629 15 14 done do VERB ct-12629 15 15 with with ADP ct-12629 15 16 commercial commercial ADJ ct-12629 15 17 software software NOUN ct-12629 15 18 ( ( PUNCT ct-12629 15 19 graphpad graphpad NOUN ct-12629 15 20 prism prism NOUN ct-12629 15 21 version version NOUN ct-12629 15 22 10.0.0 10.0.0 NUM ct-12629 15 23 for for ADP ct-12629 15 24 windows window NOUN ct-12629 15 25 , , PUNCT ct-12629 15 26 graphpad graphpad NOUN ct-12629 15 27 software software NOUN ct-12629 15 28 , , PUNCT ct-12629 15 29 boston boston PROPN ct-12629 15 30 , , PUNCT ct-12629 15 31 ma ma PROPN ct-12629 15 32 ) ) PUNCT ct-12629 15 33 . . PUNCT ct-12629 16 1 contact contact NOUN ct-12629 16 2 joe joe PROPN ct-12629 16 3 smith smith PROPN ct-12629 16 4 jsmit604@utk.edu jsmit604@utk.edu PROPN ct-12629 17 1 © © PROPN ct-12629 17 2 2025 2025 NUM ct-12629 17 3 the the DET ct-12629 17 4 author(s author(s NOUN ct-12629 17 5 ) ) PUNCT ct-12629 17 6 . . PUNCT ct-12629 18 1 this this PRON ct-12629 18 2 is be AUX ct-12629 18 3 an an DET ct-12629 18 4 open open ADJ ct-12629 18 5 access access NOUN ct-12629 18 6 article article NOUN ct-12629 18 7 distributed distribute VERB ct-12629 18 8 under under ADP ct-12629 18 9 the the DET ct-12629 18 10 terms term NOUN ct-12629 18 11 of of ADP ct-12629 18 12 the the DET ct-12629 18 13 creative creative ADJ ct-12629 18 14 commons common NOUN ct-12629 18 15 attribution attribution NOUN ct-12629 18 16 - - PUNCT ct-12629 18 17 noncommercial noncommercial ADJ ct-12629 18 18 4.0 4.0 NUM ct-12629 18 19 international international ADJ ct-12629 18 20 license license NOUN ct-12629 18 21 ( ( PUNCT ct-12629 18 22 http:// http:// PROPN ct-12629 18 23 creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ NOUN ct-12629 18 24 ) ) PUNCT ct-12629 18 25 , , PUNCT ct-12629 18 26 permitting permit VERB ct-12629 18 27 all all DET ct-12629 18 28 noncommercial noncommercial ADJ ct-12629 18 29 use use NOUN ct-12629 18 30 , , PUNCT ct-12629 18 31 distribution distribution NOUN ct-12629 18 32 , , PUNCT ct-12629 18 33 and and CCONJ ct-12629 18 34 reproduction reproduction NOUN ct-12629 18 35 in in ADP ct-12629 18 36 any any DET ct-12629 18 37 medium medium NOUN ct-12629 18 38 , , PUNCT ct-12629 18 39 provided provide VERB ct-12629 18 40 the the DET ct-12629 18 41 original original ADJ ct-12629 18 42 work work NOUN ct-12629 18 43 is be AUX ct-12629 18 44 properly properly ADV ct-12629 18 45 cited cite VERB ct-12629 18 46 . . PUNCT ct-12629 19 1 citation citation NOUN ct-12629 19 2 : : PUNCT ct-12629 19 3 clinical clinical ADJ ct-12629 19 4 theriogenology theriogenology NOUN ct-12629 19 5 2025 2025 NUM ct-12629 19 6 , , PUNCT ct-12629 19 7 17 17 NUM ct-12629 19 8 , , PUNCT ct-12629 19 9 12629 12629 NUM ct-12629 19 10 , , PUNCT ct-12629 19 11 http://dx.doi.org/10.58292/ct.v17.12629 http://dx.doi.org/10.58292/ct.v17.12629 PROPN ct-12629 19 12 mailto:jsmit604@utk.edu mailto:jsmit604@utk.edu PROPN ct-12629 19 13 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ PROPN ct-12629 19 14 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ PROPN ct-12629 19 15 http://dx.doi.org/10.58292/ct.v17.12629 http://dx.doi.org/10.58292/ct.v17.12629 PROPN ct-12629 19 16 2 2 NUM ct-12629 19 17 citation citation NOUN ct-12629 19 18 : : PUNCT ct-12629 19 19 clinical clinical ADJ ct-12629 19 20 theriogenology theriogenology NOUN ct-12629 19 21 2025 2025 NUM ct-12629 19 22 , , PUNCT ct-12629 19 23 17 17 NUM ct-12629 19 24 , , PUNCT ct-12629 19 25 12629 12629 NUM ct-12629 19 26 , , PUNCT ct-12629 19 27 http://dx.doi.org/10.58292/ct.v17.12629 http://dx.doi.org/10.58292/ct.v17.12629 PUNCT ct-12629 19 28 observations observation NOUN ct-12629 19 29 dystocia dystocia NOUN ct-12629 19 30 type type NOUN ct-12629 19 31 veterinarians veterinarian NOUN ct-12629 19 32 referred refer VERB ct-12629 19 33 3/7 3/7 NUM ct-12629 19 34 of of ADP ct-12629 19 35 llamas llama NOUN ct-12629 19 36 and and CCONJ ct-12629 19 37 8/23 8/23 NUM ct-12629 19 38 alpacas alpaca NOUN ct-12629 19 39 after after ADP ct-12629 19 40 initial initial ADJ ct-12629 19 41 assessments assessment NOUN ct-12629 19 42 ; ; PUNCT ct-12629 19 43 others other NOUN ct-12629 19 44 were be AUX ct-12629 19 45 presented present VERB ct-12629 19 46 due due ADP ct-12629 19 47 to to ADP ct-12629 19 48 owners owner NOUN ct-12629 19 49 ’ ' PUNCT ct-12629 19 50 concerns concern NOUN ct-12629 19 51 ( ( PUNCT ct-12629 19 52 4 4 NUM ct-12629 19 53 alpacas alpaca NOUN ct-12629 19 54 were be AUX ct-12629 19 55 evaluated evaluate VERB ct-12629 19 56 vaginally vaginally ADV ct-12629 19 57 by by ADP ct-12629 19 58 owners owner NOUN ct-12629 19 59 ) ) PUNCT ct-12629 19 60 about about ADP ct-12629 19 61 prolonged prolonged ADJ ct-12629 19 62 parturition parturition NOUN ct-12629 19 63 . . PUNCT ct-12629 19 64     SPACE ct-12629 20 1 main main ADJ ct-12629 20 2 reasons reason NOUN ct-12629 20 3 for for ADP ct-12629 20 4 referral referral NOUN ct-12629 20 5 were be AUX ct-12629 20 6 fetal fetal ADJ ct-12629 20 7 malpresentation malpresentation NOUN ct-12629 20 8 and and CCONJ ct-12629 20 9 malposition malposition NOUN ct-12629 20 10 , , PUNCT ct-12629 20 11 malposition malposition NOUN ct-12629 20 12 of of ADP ct-12629 20 13 fetal fetal ADJ ct-12629 20 14 extremities extremity NOUN ct-12629 20 15 ( ( PUNCT ct-12629 20 16 table table NOUN ct-12629 20 17 1 1 NUM ct-12629 20 18 ) ) PUNCT ct-12629 20 19 , , PUNCT ct-12629 20 20 and and CCONJ ct-12629 20 21 uterine uterine ADJ ct-12629 20 22 torsion torsion NOUN ct-12629 20 23 ( ( PUNCT ct-12629 20 24 2 2 NUM ct-12629 20 25 llamas llama NOUN ct-12629 20 26 and and CCONJ ct-12629 20 27 3 3 NUM ct-12629 20 28     SPACE ct-12629 20 29 alpacas alpaca NOUN ct-12629 20 30 ) ) PUNCT ct-12629 20 31 . . PUNCT ct-12629 21 1 analgesia analgesia PROPN ct-12629 21 2 local local ADJ ct-12629 21 3 anesthetic anesthetic NOUN ct-12629 21 4 was be AUX ct-12629 21 5 used use VERB ct-12629 21 6 for for ADP ct-12629 21 7 analgesia analgesia NOUN ct-12629 21 8 and and CCONJ ct-12629 21 9 to to PART ct-12629 21 10 facilitate facilitate VERB ct-12629 21 11 manual manual ADJ ct-12629 21 12 vaginal vaginal ADJ ct-12629 21 13 manipulation manipulation NOUN ct-12629 21 14 . . PUNCT ct-12629 22 1 an an DET ct-12629 22 2 epidural epidural NOUN ct-12629 22 3 was be AUX ct-12629 22 4 used use VERB ct-12629 22 5 in in ADP ct-12629 22 6 1 1 NUM ct-12629 22 7 llama llama NOUN ct-12629 22 8 and and CCONJ ct-12629 22 9 8 8 NUM ct-12629 22 10 alpacas alpaca NOUN ct-12629 22 11 ( ( PUNCT ct-12629 22 12 2 2 NUM ct-12629 22 13 patients patient NOUN ct-12629 22 14 received receive VERB ct-12629 22 15 only only ADV ct-12629 22 16 sacrococcygeal sacrococcygeal NOUN ct-12629 22 17 epidurals epidural NOUN ct-12629 22 18 , , PUNCT ct-12629 22 19 1 1 NUM ct-12629 22 20 patient patient NOUN ct-12629 22 21 received receive VERB ct-12629 22 22 only only ADV ct-12629 22 23 lumbosacral lumbosacral ADJ ct-12629 22 24 epidural epidural NOUN ct-12629 22 25 , , PUNCT ct-12629 22 26 and and CCONJ ct-12629 22 27 1 1 NUM ct-12629 22 28 patient patient NOUN ct-12629 22 29 received receive VERB ct-12629 22 30 both both PRON ct-12629 22 31 sacrococcygeal sacrococcygeal NOUN ct-12629 22 32 and and CCONJ ct-12629 22 33 lumbosacral lumbosacral ADJ ct-12629 22 34 epidural epidural NOUN ct-12629 22 35 ; ; PUNCT ct-12629 22 36 lidocaine lidocaine NOUN ct-12629 22 37 2 2 NUM ct-12629 22 38 % % NOUN ct-12629 22 39 ( ( PUNCT ct-12629 22 40 vetone vetone NOUN ct-12629 22 41 ; ; PUNCT ct-12629 22 42 boise boise PROPN ct-12629 22 43 , , PUNCT ct-12629 22 44 i i PROPN ct-12629 22 45 d d PROPN ct-12629 22 46 ) ) PUNCT ct-12629 22 47     SPACE ct-12629 22 48 and and CCONJ ct-12629 22 49 carbocaine carbocaine PROPN ct-12629 22 50 - - PUNCT ct-12629 22 51 v v NOUN ct-12629 22 52 ( ( PUNCT ct-12629 22 53 zoetis zoetis PROPN ct-12629 22 54 ; ; PUNCT ct-12629 22 55 kalamazoo kalamazoo PROPN ct-12629 22 56 , , PUNCT ct-12629 22 57 mi mi PROPN ct-12629 22 58 ) ) PUNCT ct-12629 22 59 were be AUX ct-12629 22 60 used use VERB ct-12629 22 61 . . PUNCT ct-12629 23 1 outcome outcome NOUN ct-12629 23 2 in in ADP ct-12629 23 3 llamas llama NOUN ct-12629 23 4 , , PUNCT ct-12629 23 5 assisted assist VERB ct-12629 23 6 vaginal vaginal ADJ ct-12629 23 7 delivery delivery NOUN ct-12629 23 8 ( ( PUNCT ct-12629 23 9 table table NOUN ct-12629 23 10 2 2 NUM ct-12629 23 11 ) ) PUNCT ct-12629 23 12 was be AUX ct-12629 23 13 most most ADV ct-12629 23 14 frequently frequently ADV ct-12629 23 15 used use VERB ct-12629 23 16 ( ( PUNCT ct-12629 23 17 5/7 5/7 NUM ct-12629 23 18 ) ) PUNCT ct-12629 23 19 as as ADP ct-12629 23 20 a a DET ct-12629 23 21 method method NOUN ct-12629 23 22 of of ADP ct-12629 23 23 delivery delivery NOUN ct-12629 23 24 , , PUNCT ct-12629 23 25 whereas whereas SCONJ ct-12629 23 26 emergency emergency NOUN ct-12629 23 27 cesarian cesarian ADJ ct-12629 23 28 delivery delivery NOUN ct-12629 23 29 was be AUX ct-12629 23 30 necessary necessary ADJ ct-12629 23 31 in in ADP ct-12629 23 32 2/7 2/7 NUM ct-12629 23 33 . . PUNCT ct-12629 24 1 in in ADP ct-12629 24 2 alpacas alpaca NOUN ct-12629 24 3 , , PUNCT ct-12629 24 4 assisted assist VERB ct-12629 24 5 vaginal vaginal ADJ ct-12629 24 6 delivery delivery NOUN ct-12629 24 7 was be AUX ct-12629 24 8 used use VERB ct-12629 24 9 in in ADP ct-12629 24 10 10/20 10/20 NUM ct-12629 24 11 and and CCONJ ct-12629 24 12 cesarian cesarian ADJ ct-12629 24 13 delivery delivery NOUN ct-12629 24 14 in in ADP ct-12629 24 15 8/20 8/20 NUM ct-12629 24 16 ( ( PUNCT ct-12629 24 17 table table NOUN ct-12629 24 18 2 2 NUM ct-12629 24 19 ) ) PUNCT ct-12629 24 20 . . PUNCT ct-12629 25 1 one one NUM ct-12629 25 2 alpaca alpaca NOUN ct-12629 25 3 required require VERB ct-12629 25 4 3 3 NUM ct-12629 25 5 separate separate ADJ ct-12629 25 6 cesarian cesarian ADJ ct-12629 25 7 deliveries delivery NOUN ct-12629 25 8 ( ( PUNCT ct-12629 25 9 at at ADP ct-12629 25 10 3 3 NUM ct-12629 25 11 , , PUNCT ct-12629 25 12 5 5 NUM ct-12629 25 13 , , PUNCT ct-12629 25 14 and and CCONJ ct-12629 25 15 11 11 NUM ct-12629 25 16 years year NOUN ct-12629 25 17 of of ADP ct-12629 25 18 age age NOUN ct-12629 25 19 ) ) PUNCT ct-12629 25 20 . . PUNCT ct-12629 26 1 complications complication NOUN ct-12629 26 2 included include VERB ct-12629 26 3 vaginal vaginal ADJ ct-12629 26 4 and and CCONJ ct-12629 26 5 uterine uterine ADJ ct-12629 26 6 prolapse prolapse NOUN ct-12629 26 7 ( ( PUNCT ct-12629 26 8 n n NOUN ct-12629 26 9 = = SYM ct-12629 26 10 3 3 NUM ct-12629 26 11 ) ) PUNCT ct-12629 26 12 ; ; PUNCT ct-12629 26 13 uterine uterine ADJ ct-12629 26 14 and and CCONJ ct-12629 26 15 vaginal vaginal ADJ ct-12629 26 16 laceration laceration NOUN ct-12629 26 17 ( ( PUNCT ct-12629 26 18 n n NOUN ct-12629 26 19 = = SYM ct-12629 26 20 3 3 NUM ct-12629 26 21 ) ) PUNCT ct-12629 26 22 ; ; PUNCT ct-12629 26 23 vaginal vaginal ADJ ct-12629 26 24 bleeding bleeding NOUN ct-12629 26 25 ( ( PUNCT ct-12629 26 26 n n NOUN ct-12629 26 27 = = SYM ct-12629 26 28 1 1 NUM ct-12629 26 29 ) ) PUNCT ct-12629 26 30 , , PUNCT ct-12629 26 31 body body NOUN ct-12629 26 32 wall wall NOUN ct-12629 26 33 hernia hernia PROPN ct-12629 26 34 ( ( PUNCT ct-12629 26 35 n n NOUN ct-12629 26 36 = = SYM ct-12629 26 37 2 2 NUM ct-12629 26 38 ) ) PUNCT ct-12629 26 39 ; ; PUNCT ct-12629 26 40 and and CCONJ ct-12629 26 41 seizures seizure NOUN ct-12629 26 42 with with ADP ct-12629 26 43 subsequent subsequent ADJ ct-12629 26 44 death death NOUN ct-12629 26 45 ( ( PUNCT ct-12629 26 46 n n NOUN ct-12629 26 47 = = SYM ct-12629 26 48 1 1 NUM ct-12629 26 49 ) ) PUNCT ct-12629 26 50 . . PUNCT ct-12629 27 1 therapy therapy NOUN ct-12629 27 2 ceftiofur ceftiofur NOUN ct-12629 27 3 was be AUX ct-12629 27 4 the the DET ct-12629 27 5 most most ADV ct-12629 27 6 common common ADJ ct-12629 27 7 antibiotic antibiotic ADJ ct-12629 27 8 ( ( PUNCT ct-12629 27 9 18 18 NUM ct-12629 27 10 cases case NOUN ct-12629 27 11 ) ) PUNCT ct-12629 27 12 , , PUNCT ct-12629 27 13 including include VERB ct-12629 27 14 ceftiofur ceftiofur NOUN ct-12629 27 15 sodium sodium NOUN ct-12629 27 16 ( ( PUNCT ct-12629 27 17 zoetis zoetis NOUN ct-12629 27 18 ) ) PUNCT ct-12629 27 19 ( ( PUNCT ct-12629 27 20 78.9 78.9 NUM ct-12629 27 21 % % NOUN ct-12629 27 22 , , PUNCT ct-12629 27 23 15/19 15/19 NUM ct-12629 27 24 ) ) PUNCT ct-12629 27 25 and and CCONJ ct-12629 27 26 ceftiofur ceftiofur VERB ct-12629 27 27 crystalline crystalline NOUN ct-12629 27 28 free free ADJ ct-12629 27 29 acid acid NOUN ct-12629 27 30 ( ( PUNCT ct-12629 27 31 zoetis zoetis PROPN ct-12629 27 32 ) ) PUNCT ct-12629 27 33 ( ( PUNCT ct-12629 27 34 21.0 21.0 NUM ct-12629 27 35 % % NOUN ct-12629 27 36 , , PUNCT ct-12629 27 37 4/19 4/19 NUM ct-12629 27 38 ) ) PUNCT ct-12629 27 39 . . PUNCT ct-12629 28 1 florfenicol florfenicol PROPN ct-12629 28 2 ( ( PUNCT ct-12629 28 3 merck merck PROPN ct-12629 28 4 ; ; PUNCT ct-12629 28 5 rahway rahway PROPN ct-12629 28 6 , , PUNCT ct-12629 28 7 nj nj PROPN ct-12629 28 8 ) ) PUNCT ct-12629 28 9 was be AUX ct-12629 28 10 used use VERB ct-12629 28 11 in in ADP ct-12629 28 12 4 4 NUM ct-12629 28 13 cases case NOUN ct-12629 28 14 and and CCONJ ct-12629 28 15 tulathromycin tulathromycin NOUN ct-12629 28 16 ( ( PUNCT ct-12629 28 17 zoetis zoetis PROPN ct-12629 28 18 ) ) PUNCT ct-12629 28 19 was be AUX ct-12629 28 20 used use VERB ct-12629 28 21 in in ADP ct-12629 28 22 2 2 NUM ct-12629 28 23 cases case NOUN ct-12629 28 24 . . PUNCT ct-12629 29 1 regarding regard VERB ct-12629 29 2 antiinflammatory antiinflammatory NOUN ct-12629 29 3 agent agent NOUN ct-12629 29 4 , , PUNCT ct-12629 29 5 flunixin flunixin NOUN ct-12629 29 6 meglumine meglumine NOUN ct-12629 29 7 ( ( PUNCT ct-12629 29 8 vetone vetone PROPN ct-12629 29 9 ) ) PUNCT ct-12629 29 10 was be AUX ct-12629 29 11 most most ADV ct-12629 29 12 commonly commonly ADV ct-12629 29 13 used use VERB ct-12629 29 14 ( ( PUNCT ct-12629 29 15 24 24 NUM ct-12629 29 16     SPACE ct-12629 29 17 cases case NOUN ct-12629 29 18 ) ) PUNCT ct-12629 29 19 whereas whereas SCONJ ct-12629 29 20 meloxicam meloxicam NOUN ct-12629 29 21 ( ( PUNCT ct-12629 29 22 boehringer boehringer PROPN ct-12629 29 23 ingelheim ingelheim PROPN ct-12629 29 24 , , PUNCT ct-12629 29 25 duluth duluth PROPN ct-12629 29 26 , , PUNCT ct-12629 29 27 ga ga PROPN ct-12629 29 28 ) ) PUNCT ct-12629 29 29 was be AUX ct-12629 29 30 commonly commonly ADV ct-12629 29 31 used use VERB ct-12629 29 32 for for ADP ct-12629 29 33 patients patient NOUN ct-12629 29 34 transitioned transition VERB ct-12629 29 35 to to ADP ct-12629 29 36 an an DET ct-12629 29 37 oral oral ADJ ct-12629 29 38 antiinflammatory antiinflammatory NOUN ct-12629 29 39 or or CCONJ ct-12629 29 40 for for ADP ct-12629 29 41 those those PRON ct-12629 29 42 that that PRON ct-12629 29 43 did do AUX ct-12629 29 44 not not PART ct-12629 29 45 have have VERB ct-12629 29 46 an an DET ct-12629 29 47 intravenous intravenous ADJ ct-12629 29 48 catheter catheter NOUN ct-12629 29 49 . . PUNCT ct-12629 30 1 additional additional ADJ ct-12629 30 2 supportive supportive ADJ ct-12629 30 3 medications medication NOUN ct-12629 30 4 included include VERB ct-12629 30 5 oxytocin oxytocin NOUN ct-12629 30 6 ( ( PUNCT ct-12629 30 7 bimeda bimeda PROPN ct-12629 30 8 ; ; PUNCT ct-12629 30 9 le le X ct-12629 30 10 sueur sueur PROPN ct-12629 30 11 , , PUNCT ct-12629 30 12 mn mn PROPN ct-12629 30 13 ) ) PUNCT ct-12629 30 14 ( ( PUNCT ct-12629 30 15 n n NOUN ct-12629 30 16 = = SYM ct-12629 30 17 18 18 NUM ct-12629 30 18 ) ) PUNCT ct-12629 30 19 , , PUNCT ct-12629 30 20 domperidone domperidone NOUN ct-12629 30 21 ( ( PUNCT ct-12629 30 22 dechra dechra PROPN ct-12629 30 23 veterinary veterinary ADJ ct-12629 30 24 products product NOUN ct-12629 30 25 ; ; PUNCT ct-12629 30 26 overland overland NOUN ct-12629 30 27 park park NOUN ct-12629 30 28 , , PUNCT ct-12629 30 29 ks ks NOUN ct-12629 30 30 ) ) PUNCT ct-12629 30 31 ( ( PUNCT ct-12629 30 32 n n NOUN ct-12629 30 33 = = NOUN ct-12629 30 34 9 9 NUM ct-12629 30 35 ) ) PUNCT ct-12629 30 36 , , PUNCT ct-12629 30 37 and and CCONJ ct-12629 30 38 a a DET ct-12629 30 39 gastroprotectant gastroprotectant NOUN ct-12629 30 40 ( ( PUNCT ct-12629 30 41 n n NOUN ct-12629 30 42 = = SYM ct-12629 30 43 5 5 NUM ct-12629 30 44 ) ) PUNCT ct-12629 30 45 or or CCONJ ct-12629 30 46 parasiticide parasiticide NOUN ct-12629 30 47 ( ( PUNCT ct-12629 30 48 n n CCONJ ct-12629 30 49     SPACE ct-12629 30 50 = = NOUN ct-12629 30 51     SPACE ct-12629 30 52 5 5 NUM ct-12629 30 53 ) ) PUNCT ct-12629 30 54 . . PUNCT ct-12629 30 55     SPACE ct-12629 31 1 cria cria PROPN ct-12629 31 2 survival survival NOUN ct-12629 31 3 of of ADP ct-12629 31 4 the the DET ct-12629 31 5 llama llama PROPN ct-12629 31 6 cria cria NOUN ct-12629 31 7 , , PUNCT ct-12629 31 8 71.4 71.4 NUM ct-12629 31 9 % % NOUN ct-12629 31 10 ( ( PUNCT ct-12629 31 11 5/7 5/7 NUM ct-12629 31 12 ) ) PUNCT ct-12629 31 13 were be AUX ct-12629 31 14 delivered deliver VERB ct-12629 31 15 alive alive ADJ ct-12629 31 16 whereas whereas SCONJ ct-12629 31 17 69 69 NUM ct-12629 31 18 % % NOUN ct-12629 31 19 ( ( PUNCT ct-12629 31 20 16/23 16/23 NUM ct-12629 31 21 ) ) PUNCT ct-12629 31 22 of of ADP ct-12629 31 23 alpaca alpaca NOUN ct-12629 31 24 cria cria NOUN ct-12629 31 25 were be AUX ct-12629 31 26 delivered deliver VERB ct-12629 31 27 alive alive ADJ ct-12629 31 28 ( ( PUNCT ct-12629 31 29 table table NOUN ct-12629 31 30 3 3 NUM ct-12629 31 31 ) ) PUNCT ct-12629 31 32 . . PUNCT ct-12629 32 1 for for ADP ct-12629 32 2 cria cria NOUN ct-12629 32 3 that that PRON ct-12629 32 4 survived survive VERB ct-12629 32 5 delivery delivery NOUN ct-12629 32 6 , , PUNCT ct-12629 32 7 subsequent subsequent ADJ ct-12629 32 8 complications complication NOUN ct-12629 32 9 table table NOUN ct-12629 32 10 1 1 NUM ct-12629 32 11 . . PUNCT ct-12629 32 12 fetal fetal ADJ ct-12629 32 13 presentations presentation NOUN ct-12629 32 14 , , PUNCT ct-12629 32 15 positions position NOUN ct-12629 32 16 , , PUNCT ct-12629 32 17 and and CCONJ ct-12629 32 18 position position NOUN ct-12629 32 19 of of ADP ct-12629 32 20 fetal fetal ADJ ct-12629 32 21 extremities extremity NOUN ct-12629 32 22 in in ADP ct-12629 32 23 sacs sac NOUN ct-12629 32 24 breech breech NOUN ct-12629 32 25 ( ( PUNCT ct-12629 32 26 n n CCONJ ct-12629 32 27     SPACE ct-12629 32 28 = = SYM ct-12629 32 29 4 4 X ct-12629 32 30 ) ) PUNCT ct-12629 32 31 anterior anterior ADJ ct-12629 32 32 presentation presentation NOUN ct-12629 32 33 , , PUNCT ct-12629 32 34 dorsosacral dorsosacral ADJ ct-12629 32 35 position position NOUN ct-12629 32 36 with with ADP ct-12629 32 37 limb limb NOUN ct-12629 32 38 or or CCONJ ct-12629 32 39 neck neck NOUN ct-12629 32 40 malposition malposition NOUN ct-12629 32 41 ( ( PUNCT ct-12629 32 42 n n CCONJ ct-12629 32 43     SPACE ct-12629 32 44 = = NOUN ct-12629 32 45 8) 8) NUM ct-12629 32 46 anterior anterior ADJ ct-12629 32 47 presentation presentation NOUN ct-12629 32 48 , , PUNCT ct-12629 32 49 ventrosacral ventrosacral ADJ ct-12629 32 50 position position NOUN ct-12629 32 51 , , PUNCT ct-12629 32 52     SPACE ct-12629 32 53 hind hind NOUN ct-12629 32 54 limbs limb NOUN ct-12629 32 55     SPACE ct-12629 32 56 flexed flexed PROPN ct-12629 32 57 ( ( PUNCT ct-12629 32 58 n n NOUN ct-12629 32 59 = = SYM ct-12629 32 60 1 1 NUM ct-12629 32 61 ) ) PUNCT ct-12629 32 62 posterior posterior ADJ ct-12629 32 63 presentation presentation NOUN ct-12629 32 64 , , PUNCT ct-12629 32 65 dorsosacral dorsosacral ADJ ct-12629 32 66 positioning positioning NOUN ct-12629 32 67 , , PUNCT ct-12629 32 68 hind hind NOUN ct-12629 32 69 limb limb NOUN ct-12629 32 70 flexed flexed NOUN ct-12629 32 71 ( ( PUNCT ct-12629 32 72 n n NOUN ct-12629 32 73 = = SYM ct-12629 32 74 1 1 NUM ct-12629 32 75 ) ) PUNCT ct-12629 32 76 posterior posterior ADJ ct-12629 32 77 presentation presentation NOUN ct-12629 32 78 , , PUNCT ct-12629 32 79 dorsoilial dorsoilial ADJ ct-12629 32 80 position position NOUN ct-12629 32 81 , , PUNCT ct-12629 32 82 hind hind NOUN ct-12629 32 83 limb limb NOUN ct-12629 32 84 flexed flexed NOUN ct-12629 32 85 ( ( PUNCT ct-12629 32 86 n n CCONJ ct-12629 32 87     SPACE ct-12629 32 88 = = SYM ct-12629 32 89 1 1 X ct-12629 32 90 ) ) PUNCT ct-12629 32 91 total total NOUN ct-12629 32 92 ( ( PUNCT ct-12629 32 93 n n CCONJ ct-12629 32 94     SPACE ct-12629 32 95 = = SYM ct-12629 32 96 15 15 NUM ct-12629 32 97 ) ) PUNCT ct-12629 32 98 survival survival NOUN ct-12629 32 99 to to PART ct-12629 32 100 discharge discharge VERB ct-12629 32 101 1 1 NUM ct-12629 32 102 5 5 NUM ct-12629 32 103 1 1 NUM ct-12629 32 104 0 0 NUM ct-12629 32 105 0 0 NUM ct-12629 32 106 7 7 NUM ct-12629 32 107 nonsurvival nonsurvival NOUN ct-12629 32 108 to to PART ct-12629 32 109 discharge discharge VERB ct-12629 32 110 3 3 NUM ct-12629 32 111 3 3 NUM ct-12629 32 112 0 0 NUM ct-12629 32 113 1 1 NUM ct-12629 32 114 1 1 NUM ct-12629 32 115 8 8 NUM ct-12629 32 116 p p NOUN ct-12629 32 117 -value -value ADJ ct-12629 32 118 0.57 0.57 NUM ct-12629 32 119 0.62 0.62 NUM ct-12629 32 120 0.47 0.47 NUM ct-12629 32 121 1.00 1.00 NUM ct-12629 32 122 1.00 1.00 NUM ct-12629 32 123 table table NOUN ct-12629 32 124 2 2 NUM ct-12629 32 125 . . PUNCT ct-12629 32 126 fetal fetal ADJ ct-12629 32 127 positioning positioning NOUN ct-12629 32 128 and and CCONJ ct-12629 32 129 delivery delivery NOUN ct-12629 32 130 method method NOUN ct-12629 32 131 in in ADP ct-12629 32 132 sacs sacs NOUN ct-12629 32 133 breech breech NOUN ct-12629 32 134 ( ( PUNCT ct-12629 32 135 n n CCONJ ct-12629 32 136     SPACE ct-12629 32 137 = = SYM ct-12629 32 138 4 4 X ct-12629 32 139 ) ) PUNCT ct-12629 32 140 anterior anterior ADJ ct-12629 32 141 presentation presentation NOUN ct-12629 32 142 , , PUNCT ct-12629 32 143 dorsosacral dorsosacral ADJ ct-12629 32 144 position position NOUN ct-12629 32 145 , , PUNCT ct-12629 32 146 with with ADP ct-12629 32 147 limb limb NOUN ct-12629 32 148 or or CCONJ ct-12629 32 149 neck neck NOUN ct-12629 32 150     SPACE ct-12629 32 151 mispositioned mispositioned ADJ ct-12629 32 152 ( ( PUNCT ct-12629 32 153 n n NOUN ct-12629 32 154 = = SYM ct-12629 32 155 8) 8) NUM ct-12629 32 156 anterior anterior ADJ ct-12629 32 157 presentation presentation NOUN ct-12629 32 158 , , PUNCT ct-12629 32 159 ventro ventro NOUN ct-12629 32 160 - - PUNCT ct-12629 32 161 sacral sacral ADJ ct-12629 32 162 position position NOUN ct-12629 32 163 , , PUNCT ct-12629 32 164 with with ADP ct-12629 32 165 flexed flexed ADJ ct-12629 32 166 hind hind NOUN ct-12629 32 167 limbs limb NOUN ct-12629 32 168 ( ( PUNCT ct-12629 32 169 n n NOUN ct-12629 32 170 = = SYM ct-12629 32 171 1 1 NUM ct-12629 32 172 ) ) PUNCT ct-12629 32 173 posterior posterior ADJ ct-12629 32 174 presentation presentation NOUN ct-12629 32 175 , , PUNCT ct-12629 32 176 dorsosacral dorsosacral ADJ ct-12629 32 177 position position NOUN ct-12629 32 178 , , PUNCT ct-12629 32 179 hindlimb hindlimb ADP ct-12629 32 180 flexed flexed NOUN ct-12629 32 181 ( ( PUNCT ct-12629 32 182 n n NOUN ct-12629 32 183 = = SYM ct-12629 32 184 1 1 NUM ct-12629 32 185 ) ) PUNCT ct-12629 32 186 posterior posterior ADJ ct-12629 32 187 presentation presentation NOUN ct-12629 32 188 , , PUNCT ct-12629 32 189 dorsoilial dorsoilial ADJ ct-12629 32 190 position position NOUN ct-12629 32 191 , , PUNCT ct-12629 32 192 with with ADP ct-12629 32 193 flexed flexed ADJ ct-12629 32 194 hind hind NOUN ct-12629 32 195 limb limb NOUN ct-12629 32 196 ( ( PUNCT ct-12629 32 197 n n NOUN ct-12629 32 198 = = SYM ct-12629 32 199 1 1 NUM ct-12629 32 200 ) ) PUNCT ct-12629 32 201 total total NOUN ct-12629 32 202 ( ( PUNCT ct-12629 32 203 n n CCONJ ct-12629 32 204     SPACE ct-12629 32 205 = = SYM ct-12629 32 206 18 18 NUM ct-12629 32 207 ) ) PUNCT ct-12629 32 208 cesarian cesarian ADJ ct-12629 32 209 delivery delivery NOUN ct-12629 32 210 1 1 NUM ct-12629 32 211 1 1 NUM ct-12629 32 212 0 0 NUM ct-12629 32 213 1 1 NUM ct-12629 32 214 0 0 NUM ct-12629 32 215 3 3 NUM ct-12629 32 216 assisted assist VERB ct-12629 32 217 vaginal vaginal ADJ ct-12629 32 218 delivery delivery NOUN ct-12629 32 219 3 3 NUM ct-12629 32 220 7 7 NUM ct-12629 32 221 1 1 NUM ct-12629 32 222 0 0 NUM ct-12629 32 223 1 1 NUM ct-12629 32 224 15 15 NUM ct-12629 32 225 p p NOUN ct-12629 32 226 - - PUNCT ct-12629 32 227 value value NOUN ct-12629 32 228 1.00 1.00 NUM ct-12629 32 229 1.00 1.00 NUM ct-12629 32 230 1.00 1.00 NUM ct-12629 32 231 0.17 0.17 NUM ct-12629 32 232 1.00 1.00 NUM ct-12629 32 233 table table NOUN ct-12629 32 234 3 3 NUM ct-12629 32 235 . . PUNCT ct-12629 32 236 cria cria PROPN ct-12629 32 237 survival survival PROPN ct-12629 32 238 status status NOUN ct-12629 32 239 based base VERB ct-12629 32 240 on on ADP ct-12629 32 241 delivery delivery NOUN ct-12629 32 242 type type NOUN ct-12629 32 243 in in ADP ct-12629 32 244 sacs sac NOUN ct-12629 32 245 cesarian cesarian ADJ ct-12629 32 246 surgery surgery NOUN ct-12629 32 247 ( ( PUNCT ct-12629 32 248 n n CCONJ ct-12629 32 249     SPACE ct-12629 32 250 = = NOUN ct-12629 32 251     SPACE ct-12629 32 252 9 9 NUM ct-12629 32 253 ) ) PUNCT ct-12629 32 254 assisted assist VERB ct-12629 32 255 vaginal vaginal ADJ ct-12629 32 256 delivery delivery NOUN ct-12629 32 257 ( ( PUNCT ct-12629 32 258 n n CCONJ ct-12629 32 259     SPACE ct-12629 32 260 = = NOUN ct-12629 32 261     SPACE ct-12629 32 262 16 16 NUM ct-12629 32 263 ) ) PUNCT ct-12629 32 264 total total NOUN ct-12629 32 265 ( ( PUNCT ct-12629 32 266 n n NOUN ct-12629 32 267 = = SYM ct-12629 32 268 25 25 NUM ct-12629 32 269 ) ) PUNCT ct-12629 32 270 survival survival NOUN ct-12629 32 271 to to PART ct-12629 32 272 discharge discharge VERB ct-12629 32 273 6 6 NUM ct-12629 32 274 10 10 NUM ct-12629 32 275 16 16 NUM ct-12629 32 276 nonsurvival nonsurvival NOUN ct-12629 32 277 to to PART ct-12629 32 278 discharge discharge VERB ct-12629 32 279 3 3 NUM ct-12629 32 280 6 6 NUM ct-12629 32 281 9 9 NUM ct-12629 32 282 p p NOUN ct-12629 32 283 - - PUNCT ct-12629 32 284 value value NOUN ct-12629 32 285 0.69 0.69 NUM ct-12629 32 286 1.00 1.00 NUM ct-12629 32 287 http://dx.doi.org/10.58292/ct.v17.12629 http://dx.doi.org/10.58292/ct.v17.12629 PROPN ct-12629 32 288 citation citation NOUN ct-12629 32 289 : : PUNCT ct-12629 32 290 clinical clinical ADJ ct-12629 32 291 theriogenology theriogenology NOUN ct-12629 32 292 2025 2025 NUM ct-12629 32 293 , , PUNCT ct-12629 32 294 17 17 NUM ct-12629 32 295 , , PUNCT ct-12629 32 296 12629 12629 NUM ct-12629 32 297 , , PUNCT ct-12629 32 298 http://dx.doi.org/10.58292/ct.v17.12629 http://dx.doi.org/10.58292/ct.v17.12629 PROPN ct-12629 32 299 3 3 NUM ct-12629 32 300 reported report VERB ct-12629 32 301 include include VERB ct-12629 32 302 difficulty difficulty NOUN ct-12629 32 303 nursing nursing NOUN ct-12629 32 304 ( ( PUNCT ct-12629 32 305 n n NOUN ct-12629 32 306 = = SYM ct-12629 32 307 2 2 NUM ct-12629 32 308 ) ) PUNCT ct-12629 32 309 , , PUNCT ct-12629 32 310 failure failure NOUN ct-12629 32 311 of of ADP ct-12629 32 312 passive passive ADJ ct-12629 32 313 transfer transfer NOUN ct-12629 32 314 ( ( PUNCT ct-12629 32 315 n n CCONJ ct-12629 32 316     SPACE ct-12629 32 317 = = NOUN ct-12629 32 318 6 6 NUM ct-12629 32 319 ) ) PUNCT ct-12629 32 320 , , PUNCT ct-12629 33 1 sepsis sepsis NOUN ct-12629 33 2 ( ( PUNCT ct-12629 33 3 n n NOUN ct-12629 33 4 = = SYM ct-12629 33 5 2 2 NUM ct-12629 33 6 ) ) PUNCT ct-12629 33 7 , , PUNCT ct-12629 33 8 and and CCONJ ct-12629 33 9 death death NOUN ct-12629 33 10 or or CCONJ ct-12629 33 11 euthanasia euthanasia NOUN ct-12629 33 12 ( ( PUNCT ct-12629 33 13 n n NOUN ct-12629 33 14 = = NOUN ct-12629 33 15 4 4 NUM ct-12629 33 16 ) ) PUNCT ct-12629 33 17 . . PUNCT ct-12629 34 1 congenital congenital ADJ ct-12629 34 2 abnormalities abnormality NOUN ct-12629 34 3 noted note VERB ct-12629 34 4 were be AUX ct-12629 34 5 : : PUNCT ct-12629 34 6 blindness blindness NOUN ct-12629 34 7 ( ( PUNCT ct-12629 34 8 n n NOUN ct-12629 34 9 = = SYM ct-12629 34 10 2 2 NUM ct-12629 34 11 ) ) PUNCT ct-12629 34 12 , , PUNCT ct-12629 34 13 bilateral bilateral ADJ ct-12629 34 14 luxating luxating NOUN ct-12629 34 15 patella patella NOUN ct-12629 34 16 ( ( PUNCT ct-12629 34 17 n n NOUN ct-12629 34 18 = = SYM ct-12629 34 19 1 1 NUM ct-12629 34 20 ) ) PUNCT ct-12629 34 21 , , PUNCT ct-12629 34 22 bilateral bilateral ADJ ct-12629 34 23 corneal corneal ADJ ct-12629 34 24 ulcers ulcer NOUN ct-12629 34 25 ( ( PUNCT ct-12629 34 26 n n NOUN ct-12629 34 27 = = SYM ct-12629 34 28 1 1 NUM ct-12629 34 29 ) ) PUNCT ct-12629 34 30 , , PUNCT ct-12629 34 31 and and CCONJ ct-12629 34 32 cervical cervical ADJ ct-12629 34 33 scoliosis scoliosis NOUN ct-12629 34 34 ( ( PUNCT ct-12629 34 35 n n NOUN ct-12629 34 36 = = SYM ct-12629 34 37 1 1 NUM ct-12629 34 38 ) ) PUNCT ct-12629 34 39 . . PUNCT ct-12629 35 1 surgical surgical ADJ ct-12629 35 2 correction correction NOUN ct-12629 35 3 was be AUX ct-12629 35 4 attempted attempt VERB ct-12629 35 5 in in ADP ct-12629 35 6 a a DET ct-12629 35 7 cria cria NOUN ct-12629 35 8 with with ADP ct-12629 35 9 bilateral bilateral ADJ ct-12629 35 10 luxating luxating NOUN ct-12629 35 11 patella patella NOUN ct-12629 35 12 , , PUNCT ct-12629 35 13 but but CCONJ ct-12629 35 14 it it PRON ct-12629 35 15 was be AUX ct-12629 35 16 euthanized euthanize VERB ct-12629 35 17 due due ADP ct-12629 35 18 to to ADP ct-12629 35 19 lack lack NOUN ct-12629 35 20 of of ADP ct-12629 35 21 improvement improvement NOUN ct-12629 35 22 and and CCONJ ct-12629 35 23 uncontrollable uncontrollable ADJ ct-12629 35 24 pain pain NOUN ct-12629 35 25 . . PUNCT ct-12629 36 1 one one NUM ct-12629 36 2 cria cria NOUN ct-12629 36 3 with with ADP ct-12629 36 4 cervical cervical ADJ ct-12629 36 5 scoliosis scoliosis NOUN ct-12629 36 6 received receive VERB ct-12629 36 7 supportive supportive ADJ ct-12629 36 8 care care NOUN ct-12629 36 9 at at ADP ct-12629 36 10 home home NOUN ct-12629 36 11 with with ADP ct-12629 36 12 passive passive ADJ ct-12629 36 13 range range NOUN ct-12629 36 14 of of ADP ct-12629 36 15 motion motion NOUN ct-12629 36 16 exercises exercise NOUN ct-12629 36 17 performed perform VERB ct-12629 36 18 by by ADP ct-12629 36 19 the the DET ct-12629 36 20 owner owner NOUN ct-12629 36 21 , , PUNCT ct-12629 36 22 and and CCONJ ct-12629 36 23 complete complete ADJ ct-12629 36 24 correction correction NOUN ct-12629 36 25 was be AUX ct-12629 36 26 achieved achieve VERB ct-12629 36 27 . . PUNCT ct-12629 37 1 overall overall ADV ct-12629 37 2 4/5 4/5 PROPN ct-12629 37 3 ( ( PUNCT ct-12629 37 4 80 80 NUM ct-12629 37 5 % % NOUN ct-12629 37 6 ) ) PUNCT ct-12629 37 7 llama llama PROPN ct-12629 37 8 cria cria PROPN ct-12629 37 9 and and CCONJ ct-12629 37 10 13/16 13/16 NUM ct-12629 37 11 ( ( PUNCT ct-12629 37 12 81 81 NUM ct-12629 37 13 % % NOUN ct-12629 37 14 ) ) PUNCT ct-12629 37 15 alpaca alpaca NOUN ct-12629 37 16 cria cria PROPN ct-12629 37 17 survived survive VERB ct-12629 37 18 to to PART ct-12629 37 19 discharge discharge VERB ct-12629 37 20 ( ( PUNCT ct-12629 37 21 tables table NOUN ct-12629 37 22     SPACE ct-12629 37 23 4 4 NUM ct-12629 37 24 and and CCONJ ct-12629 37 25 5 5 NUM ct-12629 37 26 , , PUNCT ct-12629 37 27 respectively respectively ADV ct-12629 37 28 ) ) PUNCT ct-12629 37 29 . . PUNCT ct-12629 38 1 llamas llama NOUN ct-12629 38 2 were be AUX ct-12629 38 3 hospitalized hospitalize VERB ct-12629 38 4 for for ADP ct-12629 38 5 an an DET ct-12629 38 6 average average NOUN ct-12629 38 7 of of ADP ct-12629 38 8 9.9 9.9 NUM ct-12629 38 9 days day NOUN ct-12629 38 10 ( ( PUNCT ct-12629 38 11 range range NOUN ct-12629 38 12 1 1 NUM ct-12629 38 13 - - SYM ct-12629 38 14 39 39 NUM ct-12629 38 15 days day NOUN ct-12629 38 16 ) ) PUNCT ct-12629 38 17 . . PUNCT ct-12629 39 1 alpacas alpaca NOUN ct-12629 39 2 were be AUX ct-12629 39 3 hospitalized hospitalize VERB ct-12629 39 4 for for ADP ct-12629 39 5 an an DET ct-12629 39 6 average average NOUN ct-12629 39 7 of of ADP ct-12629 39 8 4.9 4.9 NUM ct-12629 39 9 days day NOUN ct-12629 39 10 ( ( PUNCT ct-12629 39 11 range range NOUN ct-12629 39 12 1 1 NUM ct-12629 39 13 - - SYM ct-12629 39 14 30 30 NUM ct-12629 39 15 days day NOUN ct-12629 39 16 ) ) PUNCT ct-12629 39 17 ; ; PUNCT ct-12629 39 18     SPACE ct-12629 39 19 7/7 7/7 NUM ct-12629 39 20 llamas llama NOUN ct-12629 39 21 and and CCONJ ct-12629 39 22 22/23 22/23 NUM ct-12629 39 23 alpacas alpaca NOUN ct-12629 39 24 were be AUX ct-12629 39 25 discharged discharge VERB ct-12629 39 26 from from ADP ct-12629 39 27 the the DET ct-12629 39 28 hospital hospital NOUN ct-12629 39 29 . . PUNCT ct-12629 40 1 follow follow VERB ct-12629 40 2 up up ADP ct-12629 40 3 follow follow VERB ct-12629 40 4 up up ADP ct-12629 40 5 information information NOUN ct-12629 40 6 was be AUX ct-12629 40 7 collected collect VERB ct-12629 40 8 for for ADP ct-12629 40 9 24 24 NUM ct-12629 40 10 patients patient NOUN ct-12629 40 11 ( ( PUNCT ct-12629 40 12 some some PRON ct-12629 40 13 was be AUX ct-12629 40 14 not not PART ct-12629 40 15 collected collect VERB ct-12629 40 16 due due ADJ ct-12629 40 17 to to ADP ct-12629 40 18 inaccurate inaccurate ADJ ct-12629 40 19 contact contact NOUN ct-12629 40 20 information information NOUN ct-12629 40 21 or or CCONJ ct-12629 40 22 calls call NOUN ct-12629 40 23 not not PART ct-12629 40 24 returned return VERB ct-12629 40 25 ) ) PUNCT ct-12629 40 26 . . PUNCT ct-12629 41 1 among among ADP ct-12629 41 2 crias cria NOUN ct-12629 41 3 discharged discharge VERB ct-12629 41 4 , , PUNCT ct-12629 41 5 86 86 NUM ct-12629 41 6 % % NOUN ct-12629 41 7 survived survive VERB ct-12629 41 8 longer long ADJ ct-12629 41 9 - - PUNCT ct-12629 41 10 term term NOUN ct-12629 41 11 ( ( PUNCT ct-12629 41 12 > > NOUN ct-12629 41 13 1 1 NUM ct-12629 41 14 year year NOUN ct-12629 41 15 ) ) PUNCT ct-12629 41 16 , , PUNCT ct-12629 41 17 including include VERB ct-12629 41 18 88 88 NUM ct-12629 41 19 % % NOUN ct-12629 41 20 , , PUNCT ct-12629 41 21 14/16 14/16 NUM ct-12629 41 22 alpaca alpaca NOUN ct-12629 41 23 and and CCONJ ct-12629 41 24 100 100 NUM ct-12629 41 25 % % NOUN ct-12629 41 26 , , PUNCT ct-12629 41 27 4/4 4/4 NUM ct-12629 41 28 llama llama NOUN ct-12629 41 29 . . PUNCT ct-12629 42 1 in in ADP ct-12629 42 2 total total ADJ ct-12629 42 3 , , PUNCT ct-12629 42 4 7 7 NUM ct-12629 42 5 female female ADJ ct-12629 42 6 cria cria NOUN ct-12629 42 7 ( ( PUNCT ct-12629 42 8 6 6 NUM ct-12629 42 9 alpaca alpaca NOUN ct-12629 42 10 and and CCONJ ct-12629 42 11 1 1 NUM ct-12629 42 12 llama llama NOUN ct-12629 42 13 ) ) PUNCT ct-12629 42 14 and and CCONJ ct-12629 42 15 11 11 NUM ct-12629 42 16 male male NOUN ct-12629 42 17 cria cria NOUN ct-12629 42 18 ( ( PUNCT ct-12629 42 19 8 8 NUM ct-12629 42 20 alpaca alpaca NOUN ct-12629 42 21 and and CCONJ ct-12629 42 22 3 3 NUM ct-12629 42 23 llama llama NOUN ct-12629 42 24 ) ) PUNCT ct-12629 42 25 survived survive VERB ct-12629 42 26 long long ADJ ct-12629 42 27 - - PUNCT ct-12629 42 28 term term NOUN ct-12629 42 29 . . PUNCT ct-12629 43 1 during during ADP ct-12629 43 2 follow follow VERB ct-12629 43 3 up up ADP ct-12629 43 4 phone phone NOUN ct-12629 43 5 calls call NOUN ct-12629 43 6 to to ADP ct-12629 43 7 owners owner NOUN ct-12629 43 8 , , PUNCT ct-12629 43 9 minimal minimal ADJ ct-12629 43 10 breeding breeding NOUN ct-12629 43 11 information information NOUN ct-12629 43 12 was be AUX ct-12629 43 13 known know VERB ct-12629 43 14 due due ADP ct-12629 43 15 to to ADP ct-12629 43 16 new new ADJ ct-12629 43 17 ownership ownership NOUN ct-12629 43 18 ; ; PUNCT ct-12629 43 19 however however ADV ct-12629 43 20 , , PUNCT ct-12629 43 21 2 2 NUM ct-12629 43 22 female female ADJ ct-12629 43 23 alpaca alpaca NOUN ct-12629 43 24 cria cria NOUN ct-12629 43 25 were be AUX ct-12629 43 26 bred breed VERB ct-12629 43 27 with with ADP ct-12629 43 28 no no DET ct-12629 43 29 history history NOUN ct-12629 43 30 of of ADP ct-12629 43 31 dystocia dystocia PROPN ct-12629 43 32 . . PUNCT ct-12629 44 1 follow follow VERB ct-12629 44 2 up up ADP ct-12629 44 3 regarding regard VERB ct-12629 44 4 breeding breeding NOUN ct-12629 44 5 soundness soundness NOUN ct-12629 44 6 of of ADP ct-12629 44 7 male male ADJ ct-12629 44 8 cria cria NOUN ct-12629 44 9 was be AUX ct-12629 44 10 limited limit VERB ct-12629 44 11 due due ADP ct-12629 44 12 to to ADP ct-12629 44 13 new new ADJ ct-12629 44 14 ownership ownership NOUN ct-12629 44 15 . . PUNCT ct-12629 45 1 furthermore furthermore ADV ct-12629 45 2 , , PUNCT ct-12629 45 3 2 2 NUM ct-12629 45 4 owners owner NOUN ct-12629 45 5 had have AUX ct-12629 45 6 castrated castrate VERB ct-12629 45 7 their their PRON ct-12629 45 8 male male ADJ ct-12629 45 9 cria cria NOUN ct-12629 45 10 ( ( PUNCT ct-12629 45 11 no no DET ct-12629 45 12 breeding breeding NOUN ct-12629 45 13 soundness soundness NOUN ct-12629 45 14 information information NOUN ct-12629 45 15 was be AUX ct-12629 45 16 available available ADJ ct-12629 45 17 ) ) PUNCT ct-12629 45 18 . . PUNCT ct-12629 46 1 of of ADP ct-12629 46 2 the the DET ct-12629 46 3 dams dam NOUN ct-12629 46 4 discharged discharge VERB ct-12629 46 5 from from ADP ct-12629 46 6 the the DET ct-12629 46 7 hospital hospital NOUN ct-12629 46 8 and and CCONJ ct-12629 46 9 those those PRON ct-12629 46 10 successfully successfully ADV ct-12629 46 11 contacted contact VERB ct-12629 46 12 for for ADP ct-12629 46 13 follow follow VERB ct-12629 46 14 up up ADP ct-12629 46 15 , , PUNCT ct-12629 46 16 6 6 NUM ct-12629 46 17 dams dam NOUN ct-12629 46 18 were be AUX ct-12629 46 19 successfully successfully ADV ct-12629 46 20 rebred rebre VERB ct-12629 46 21 whereas whereas SCONJ ct-12629 46 22 4 4 NUM ct-12629 46 23 dams dam NOUN ct-12629 46 24 were be AUX ct-12629 46 25 not not PART ct-12629 46 26 bred breed VERB ct-12629 46 27 due due ADP ct-12629 46 28 to to ADP ct-12629 46 29 age age NOUN ct-12629 46 30 ( ( PUNCT ct-12629 46 31 16 16 NUM ct-12629 46 32 years year NOUN ct-12629 46 33 of of ADP ct-12629 46 34 age age NOUN ct-12629 46 35 ) ) PUNCT ct-12629 46 36 ( ( PUNCT ct-12629 46 37 n n CCONJ ct-12629 46 38     SPACE ct-12629 46 39 = = SYM ct-12629 46 40 1 1 NUM ct-12629 46 41 ) ) PUNCT ct-12629 46 42 , , PUNCT ct-12629 46 43 owner owner NOUN ct-12629 46 44 preference preference NOUN ct-12629 46 45 ( ( PUNCT ct-12629 46 46 n n NOUN ct-12629 46 47 = = SYM ct-12629 46 48 2 2 NUM ct-12629 46 49 ) ) PUNCT ct-12629 46 50 , , PUNCT ct-12629 46 51 or or CCONJ ct-12629 46 52 medical medical ADJ ct-12629 46 53 recommendation recommendation NOUN ct-12629 46 54 ( ( PUNCT ct-12629 46 55 n n NOUN ct-12629 46 56 = = SYM ct-12629 46 57 1 1 NUM ct-12629 46 58 ) ) PUNCT ct-12629 46 59 . . PUNCT ct-12629 47 1 discussion discussion NOUN ct-12629 47 2     SPACE ct-12629 47 3 pregnancy pregnancy NOUN ct-12629 47 4 length length NOUN ct-12629 47 5 in in ADP ct-12629 47 6 sacs sac NOUN ct-12629 47 7 is be AUX ct-12629 47 8 335 335 NUM ct-12629 47 9 - - SYM ct-12629 47 10 345 345 NUM ct-12629 47 11 days2 days2 NOUN ct-12629 47 12 and and CCONJ ct-12629 47 13 is be AUX ct-12629 47 14 12.5 12.5 NUM ct-12629 47 15 days day NOUN ct-12629 47 16 longer long ADV ct-12629 47 17 in in ADP ct-12629 47 18 spring spring NOUN ct-12629 47 19 - - PUNCT ct-12629 47 20 bred breed VERB ct-12629 47 21 compared compare VERB ct-12629 47 22 to to ADP ct-12629 47 23 fall fall VERB ct-12629 47 24 - - PUNCT ct-12629 47 25 bred breed VERB ct-12629 47 26 dams.2 dams.2 ADJ ct-12629 47 27 clinical clinical ADJ ct-12629 47 28 management management NOUN ct-12629 47 29 of of ADP ct-12629 47 30 sacs sac NOUN ct-12629 47 31 parturition parturition NOUN ct-12629 47 32 is be AUX ct-12629 47 33 important important ADJ ct-12629 47 34 . . PUNCT ct-12629 48 1 typical typical ADJ ct-12629 48 2 preparturient preparturient NOUN ct-12629 48 3 changes change NOUN ct-12629 48 4 in in ADP ct-12629 48 5 other other ADJ ct-12629 48 6 species specie NOUN ct-12629 48 7 ( ( PUNCT ct-12629 48 8 e.g. e.g. ADV ct-12629 48 9 mammary mammary ADJ ct-12629 48 10 gland gland NOUN ct-12629 48 11 development development NOUN ct-12629 48 12 , , PUNCT ct-12629 48 13 sacropelvic sacropelvic ADJ ct-12629 48 14 ligament ligament NOUN ct-12629 48 15 relaxation relaxation NOUN ct-12629 48 16 , , PUNCT ct-12629 48 17 and and CCONJ ct-12629 48 18 vulval vulval NOUN ct-12629 48 19 relaxation relaxation NOUN ct-12629 48 20 ) ) PUNCT ct-12629 48 21 are be AUX ct-12629 48 22 not not PART ct-12629 48 23 accurate accurate ADJ ct-12629 48 24 predictors predictor NOUN ct-12629 48 25 of of ADP ct-12629 48 26 parturition parturition NOUN ct-12629 48 27 in in ADP ct-12629 48 28 camelids camelid NOUN ct-12629 48 29 . . PUNCT ct-12629 49 1 additionally additionally ADV ct-12629 49 2 , , PUNCT ct-12629 49 3 parturition parturition NOUN ct-12629 49 4 in in ADP ct-12629 49 5 camelids camelid NOUN ct-12629 49 6 usually usually ADV ct-12629 49 7 occurs occur VERB ct-12629 49 8 during during ADP ct-12629 49 9 daytime daytime ADJ ct-12629 49 10 hours hour NOUN ct-12629 49 11 , , PUNCT ct-12629 49 12 attributed attribute VERB ct-12629 49 13 to to ADP ct-12629 49 14 their their PRON ct-12629 49 15 mountainous mountainous ADJ ct-12629 49 16 geographic geographic ADJ ct-12629 49 17 origins origin NOUN ct-12629 49 18 , , PUNCT ct-12629 49 19 where where SCONJ ct-12629 49 20 birthing birth VERB ct-12629 49 21 in in ADP ct-12629 49 22 the the DET ct-12629 49 23 morning morning NOUN ct-12629 49 24 / / SYM ct-12629 49 25 early early ADJ ct-12629 49 26 afternoon afternoon NOUN ct-12629 49 27 allows allow VERB ct-12629 49 28 drying dry VERB ct-12629 49 29 before before ADP ct-12629 49 30 the the DET ct-12629 49 31 cool cool ADJ ct-12629 49 32 evenings.8–10 evenings.8–10 NOUN ct-12629 49 33 in in ADP ct-12629 49 34 that that DET ct-12629 49 35 regard regard NOUN ct-12629 49 36 , , PUNCT ct-12629 49 37 49 49 NUM ct-12629 49 38 % % NOUN ct-12629 49 39 of of ADP ct-12629 49 40 parturitions parturition NOUN ct-12629 49 41 occurred occur VERB ct-12629 49 42 between between ADP ct-12629 49 43 08:00 08:00 NUM ct-12629 49 44 - - SYM ct-12629 49 45 12:00 12:00 NUM ct-12629 49 46 hours hour NOUN ct-12629 49 47 in in ADP ct-12629 49 48 a a DET ct-12629 49 49 large large ADJ ct-12629 49 50 alpaca alpaca NOUN ct-12629 49 51 farm farm NOUN ct-12629 49 52 during during ADP ct-12629 49 53 an an DET ct-12629 49 54 11 11 NUM ct-12629 49 55 - - PUNCT ct-12629 49 56 year year NOUN ct-12629 49 57 period.10 period.10 NOUN ct-12629 49 58 furthermore furthermore ADV ct-12629 49 59 , , PUNCT ct-12629 49 60 it it PRON ct-12629 49 61 is be AUX ct-12629 49 62 theorized theorize VERB ct-12629 49 63 that that SCONJ ct-12629 49 64 parturition parturition NOUN ct-12629 49 65 at at ADP ct-12629 49 66 night night NOUN ct-12629 49 67 is be AUX ct-12629 49 68 secondary secondary ADJ ct-12629 49 69 to to ADP ct-12629 49 70 either either CCONJ ct-12629 49 71 an an DET ct-12629 49 72 extended extended ADJ ct-12629 49 73 birthing birthing NOUN ct-12629 49 74 process process NOUN ct-12629 49 75 or or CCONJ ct-12629 49 76 a a DET ct-12629 49 77 pathologic pathologic ADJ ct-12629 49 78 stressor stressor NOUN ct-12629 49 79 inappropriately inappropriately ADV ct-12629 49 80 triggering trigger VERB ct-12629 49 81 parturition.11 parturition.11 ADJ ct-12629 49 82 clinicians clinician NOUN ct-12629 49 83 and and CCONJ ct-12629 49 84 owners owner NOUN ct-12629 49 85 should should AUX ct-12629 49 86 be be AUX ct-12629 49 87 aware aware ADJ ct-12629 49 88 of of ADP ct-12629 49 89 parturition parturition NOUN ct-12629 49 90 characteristics characteristic NOUN ct-12629 49 91 in in ADP ct-12629 49 92 sacs sac NOUN ct-12629 49 93 . . PUNCT ct-12629 50 1 they they PRON ct-12629 50 2 have have VERB ct-12629 50 3 3 3 NUM ct-12629 50 4 stages stage NOUN ct-12629 50 5 of of ADP ct-12629 50 6 labor labor NOUN ct-12629 50 7 . . PUNCT ct-12629 51 1 stage stage NOUN ct-12629 51 2 1 1 NUM ct-12629 51 3 labor labor NOUN ct-12629 51 4 ranges range VERB ct-12629 51 5 3 3 NUM ct-12629 51 6 - - SYM ct-12629 51 7 48 48 NUM ct-12629 51 8 hours hour NOUN ct-12629 51 9 and and CCONJ ct-12629 51 10 involves involve VERB ct-12629 51 11 fetal fetal ADJ ct-12629 51 12 repositioning repositioning NOUN ct-12629 51 13 and and CCONJ ct-12629 51 14 cervical cervical ADJ ct-12629 51 15 dilation.2 dilation.2 ADJ ct-12629 51 16 clinical clinical ADJ ct-12629 51 17 signs sign NOUN ct-12629 51 18 observed observe VERB ct-12629 51 19 include include VERB ct-12629 51 20 restlessness restlessness NOUN ct-12629 51 21 , , PUNCT ct-12629 51 22 isolation isolation NOUN ct-12629 51 23 from from ADP ct-12629 51 24 the the DET ct-12629 51 25 herd herd NOUN ct-12629 51 26 , , PUNCT ct-12629 51 27 and and CCONJ ct-12629 51 28 increased increase VERB ct-12629 51 29 defecation defecation NOUN ct-12629 51 30 . . PUNCT ct-12629 52 1 stage stage NOUN ct-12629 52 2 ii ii PROPN ct-12629 52 3 labor labor NOUN ct-12629 52 4 ( ( PUNCT ct-12629 52 5 fetal fetal ADJ ct-12629 52 6 expulsion expulsion NOUN ct-12629 52 7 ) ) PUNCT ct-12629 52 8 should should AUX ct-12629 52 9 occur occur VERB ct-12629 52 10 within within ADP ct-12629 52 11 15 15 NUM ct-12629 52 12 minutes minute NOUN ct-12629 52 13 after after ADP ct-12629 52 14 rupture rupture NOUN ct-12629 52 15 of of ADP ct-12629 52 16 the the DET ct-12629 52 17 amniotic amniotic ADJ ct-12629 52 18 sac.2 sac.2 NOUN ct-12629 52 19 typically typically ADV ct-12629 52 20 , , PUNCT ct-12629 52 21 the the DET ct-12629 52 22 fetus fetus NOUN ct-12629 52 23 is be AUX ct-12629 52 24 oriented orient VERB ct-12629 52 25 in in ADP ct-12629 52 26 anterior anterior ADJ ct-12629 52 27 presentation presentation NOUN ct-12629 52 28 , , PUNCT ct-12629 52 29 dorsosacral dorsosacral ADJ ct-12629 52 30 position position NOUN ct-12629 52 31 , , PUNCT ct-12629 52 32 with with ADP ct-12629 52 33 the the DET ct-12629 52 34 head head NOUN ct-12629 52 35 , , PUNCT ct-12629 52 36 forelimbs forelimbs ADJ ct-12629 52 37 , , PUNCT ct-12629 52 38 and and CCONJ ct-12629 52 39 neck neck NOUN ct-12629 52 40 extended extend VERB ct-12629 52 41 . . PUNCT ct-12629 53 1 stage stage NOUN ct-12629 53 2 iii iii NUM ct-12629 53 3 labor labor NOUN ct-12629 53 4 ( ( PUNCT ct-12629 53 5 fetal fetal ADJ ct-12629 53 6 membranes membrane NOUN ct-12629 53 7 expulsion expulsion NOUN ct-12629 53 8 ) ) PUNCT ct-12629 53 9 should should AUX ct-12629 53 10 occur occur VERB ct-12629 53 11 from from ADP ct-12629 53 12 40 40 NUM ct-12629 53 13 minutes minute NOUN ct-12629 53 14 to to ADP ct-12629 53 15 4 4 NUM ct-12629 53 16 hours hour NOUN ct-12629 53 17 after after ADP ct-12629 53 18 parturition parturition NOUN ct-12629 53 19 ; ; PUNCT ct-12629 53 20 however however ADV ct-12629 53 21 , , PUNCT ct-12629 53 22 during during ADP ct-12629 53 23 dystocia dystocia NOUN ct-12629 53 24 , , PUNCT ct-12629 53 25 fetal fetal ADJ ct-12629 53 26 membranes membrane NOUN ct-12629 53 27 are be AUX ct-12629 53 28 often often ADV ct-12629 53 29 expelled expel VERB ct-12629 53 30 with with ADP ct-12629 53 31 the the DET ct-12629 53 32 fetus.2 fetus.2 PROPN ct-12629 53 33 in in ADP ct-12629 53 34 this this DET ct-12629 53 35 study study NOUN ct-12629 53 36 , , PUNCT ct-12629 53 37 a a DET ct-12629 53 38 majority majority NOUN ct-12629 53 39 ( ( PUNCT ct-12629 53 40 8/15 8/15 NUM ct-12629 53 41 , , PUNCT ct-12629 53 42 53 53 NUM ct-12629 53 43 % % NOUN ct-12629 53 44 ) ) PUNCT ct-12629 53 45 of of ADP ct-12629 53 46 cria cria NOUN ct-12629 53 47 were be AUX ct-12629 53 48 oriented orient VERB ct-12629 53 49 in in ADP ct-12629 53 50 anterior anterior ADJ ct-12629 53 51 presentation presentation NOUN ct-12629 53 52 , , PUNCT ct-12629 53 53 dorsosacral dorsosacral ADJ ct-12629 53 54 position position NOUN ct-12629 53 55 , , PUNCT ct-12629 53 56 with with ADP ct-12629 53 57 limb limb NOUN ct-12629 53 58 or or CCONJ ct-12629 53 59 neck neck NOUN ct-12629 53 60 malposition malposition NOUN ct-12629 53 61 . . PUNCT ct-12629 54 1 within within ADP ct-12629 54 2 this this DET ct-12629 54 3 category category NOUN ct-12629 54 4 of of ADP ct-12629 54 5 malposition malposition NOUN ct-12629 54 6 , , PUNCT ct-12629 54 7 the the DET ct-12629 54 8 most most ADV ct-12629 54 9 common common ADJ ct-12629 54 10 defect defect NOUN ct-12629 54 11 was be AUX ct-12629 54 12 neck neck NOUN ct-12629 54 13 flexion flexion NOUN ct-12629 54 14 ( ( PUNCT ct-12629 54 15 50 50 NUM ct-12629 54 16 % % NOUN ct-12629 54 17 , , PUNCT ct-12629 54 18 n n NOUN ct-12629 54 19 = = SYM ct-12629 54 20 4 4 NUM ct-12629 54 21 ) ) PUNCT ct-12629 54 22 , , PUNCT ct-12629 54 23 followed follow VERB ct-12629 54 24 by by ADP ct-12629 54 25 head head NOUN ct-12629 54 26 and and CCONJ ct-12629 54 27 bilateral bilateral ADJ ct-12629 54 28 front front ADJ ct-12629 54 29 limb limb NOUN ct-12629 54 30 flexion flexion NOUN ct-12629 54 31 ( ( PUNCT ct-12629 54 32 25 25 NUM ct-12629 54 33 % % NOUN ct-12629 54 34 , , PUNCT ct-12629 54 35 n n NOUN ct-12629 54 36 = = SYM ct-12629 54 37 2 2 NUM ct-12629 54 38 ) ) PUNCT ct-12629 54 39 , , PUNCT ct-12629 54 40 unilateral unilateral ADJ ct-12629 54 41 carpal carpal NOUN ct-12629 54 42 flexion flexion NOUN ct-12629 54 43 ( ( PUNCT ct-12629 54 44 12.5 12.5 NUM ct-12629 54 45 % % NOUN ct-12629 54 46 , , PUNCT ct-12629 54 47 n n NOUN ct-12629 54 48 = = SYM ct-12629 54 49 1 1 NUM ct-12629 54 50 ) ) PUNCT ct-12629 54 51 , , PUNCT ct-12629 54 52 and and CCONJ ct-12629 54 53 front front ADJ ct-12629 54 54 limb limb NOUN ct-12629 54 55 crossing crossing NOUN ct-12629 54 56 ( ( PUNCT ct-12629 54 57 12.5 12.5 NUM ct-12629 54 58 % % NOUN ct-12629 54 59 , , PUNCT ct-12629 54 60 n n NOUN ct-12629 54 61 = = SYM ct-12629 54 62 1 1 NUM ct-12629 54 63 ) ) PUNCT ct-12629 54 64 . . PUNCT ct-12629 55 1 clinical clinical ADJ ct-12629 55 2 signs sign NOUN ct-12629 55 3 associated associate VERB ct-12629 55 4 with with ADP ct-12629 55 5 dystocia dystocia NOUN ct-12629 55 6 in in ADP ct-12629 55 7 llamas llama NOUN ct-12629 55 8 and and CCONJ ct-12629 55 9 alpacas alpaca NOUN ct-12629 55 10 vary vary VERB ct-12629 55 11 depending depend VERB ct-12629 55 12 on on ADP ct-12629 55 13 the the DET ct-12629 55 14 primary primary ADJ ct-12629 55 15 cause cause NOUN ct-12629 55 16 . . PUNCT ct-12629 56 1 equine equine NOUN ct-12629 56 2 dystocia dystocia NOUN ct-12629 56 3 principles principle NOUN ct-12629 56 4 apply apply VERB ct-12629 56 5 to to ADP ct-12629 56 6 camelid camelid ADJ ct-12629 56 7 dystocia dystocia NOUN ct-12629 56 8 ; ; PUNCT ct-12629 56 9 however however ADV ct-12629 56 10 , , PUNCT ct-12629 56 11 camelids camelid NOUN ct-12629 56 12 have have VERB ct-12629 56 13 a a DET ct-12629 56 14 narrower narrow ADJ ct-12629 56 15 pelvic pelvic ADJ ct-12629 56 16 inlet inlet NOUN ct-12629 56 17 ; ; PUNCT ct-12629 56 18 the the DET ct-12629 56 19 cervix cervix NOUN ct-12629 56 20 and and CCONJ ct-12629 56 21 vagina vagina NOUN ct-12629 56 22 are be AUX ct-12629 56 23 at at ADP ct-12629 56 24 increased increase VERB ct-12629 56 25 risk risk NOUN ct-12629 56 26 of of ADP ct-12629 56 27 laceration laceration NOUN ct-12629 56 28 and and CCONJ ct-12629 56 29 secondary secondary ADJ ct-12629 56 30 adhesions adhesion NOUN ct-12629 56 31 compared compare VERB ct-12629 56 32 to to ADP ct-12629 56 33 equids equid NOUN ct-12629 56 34 ; ; PUNCT ct-12629 56 35 and and CCONJ ct-12629 56 36 crias cria NOUN ct-12629 56 37 are be AUX ct-12629 56 38 at at ADP ct-12629 56 39 increased increase VERB ct-12629 56 40 risk risk NOUN ct-12629 56 41 of of ADP ct-12629 56 42 hypoxia hypoxia NOUN ct-12629 56 43 due due ADP ct-12629 56 44 to to ADP ct-12629 56 45 forceful forceful ADJ ct-12629 56 46 uterine uterine NOUN ct-12629 56 47 and and CCONJ ct-12629 56 48 abdominal abdominal ADJ ct-12629 56 49 contractions.12 contractions.12 NOUN ct-12629 56 50 overall overall ADJ ct-12629 56 51 , , PUNCT ct-12629 56 52 special special ADJ ct-12629 56 53 care care NOUN ct-12629 56 54 is be AUX ct-12629 56 55 needed need VERB ct-12629 56 56 when when SCONJ ct-12629 56 57 attempting attempt VERB ct-12629 56 58 assisted assist VERB ct-12629 56 59 vaginal vaginal ADJ ct-12629 56 60 delivery delivery NOUN ct-12629 56 61 in in ADP ct-12629 56 62 sacs sac NOUN ct-12629 56 63 undergoing undergo VERB ct-12629 56 64 dystocia dystocia NOUN ct-12629 56 65 , , PUNCT ct-12629 56 66 to to PART ct-12629 56 67 minimize minimize VERB ct-12629 56 68 iatrogenic iatrogenic ADJ ct-12629 56 69 trauma trauma NOUN ct-12629 56 70 to to ADP ct-12629 56 71 the the DET ct-12629 56 72 dam dam NOUN ct-12629 56 73 . . PUNCT ct-12629 57 1 understanding understand VERB ct-12629 57 2 the the DET ct-12629 57 3 inciting inciting ADJ ct-12629 57 4 cause cause NOUN ct-12629 57 5 of of ADP ct-12629 57 6 dystocia dystocia NOUN ct-12629 57 7 is be AUX ct-12629 57 8 important important ADJ ct-12629 57 9 in in ADP ct-12629 57 10 providing provide VERB ct-12629 57 11 appropriate appropriate ADJ ct-12629 57 12 assistance assistance NOUN ct-12629 57 13 . . PUNCT ct-12629 58 1 dystocia dystocia NOUN ct-12629 58 2 of of ADP ct-12629 58 3 fetal fetal ADJ ct-12629 58 4 origin origin NOUN ct-12629 58 5 is be AUX ct-12629 58 6 most most ADV ct-12629 58 7 commonly commonly ADV ct-12629 58 8 associated associate VERB ct-12629 58 9 with with ADP ct-12629 58 10 fetal fetal ADJ ct-12629 58 11 malposition malposition NOUN ct-12629 58 12 , , PUNCT ct-12629 58 13 typically typically ADV ct-12629 58 14 carpal carpal NOUN ct-12629 58 15 or or CCONJ ct-12629 58 16 shoulder shoulder NOUN ct-12629 58 17 flexure flexure NOUN ct-12629 58 18 or or CCONJ ct-12629 58 19 head head VERB ct-12629 58 20 deviations.1,2 deviations.1,2 ADV ct-12629 58 21 in in ADP ct-12629 58 22 this this DET ct-12629 58 23 report report NOUN ct-12629 58 24 , , PUNCT ct-12629 58 25 none none NOUN ct-12629 58 26 of of ADP ct-12629 58 27 the the DET ct-12629 58 28 cria cria NOUN ct-12629 58 29 were be AUX ct-12629 58 30 in in ADP ct-12629 58 31 anatomically anatomically ADV ct-12629 58 32 correct correct ADJ ct-12629 58 33 positions position NOUN ct-12629 58 34 . . PUNCT ct-12629 59 1 a a DET ct-12629 59 2 full full ADJ ct-12629 59 3 assessment assessment NOUN ct-12629 59 4 of of ADP ct-12629 59 5 fetal fetal ADJ ct-12629 59 6 position position NOUN ct-12629 59 7 , , PUNCT ct-12629 59 8 viability viability NOUN ct-12629 59 9 ( ( PUNCT ct-12629 59 10 difficult difficult ADJ ct-12629 59 11 to to PART ct-12629 59 12 access access VERB ct-12629 59 13 in in ADP ct-12629 59 14 sacs sac NOUN ct-12629 59 15 ) ) PUNCT ct-12629 59 16 , , PUNCT ct-12629 59 17 and and CCONJ ct-12629 59 18 the the DET ct-12629 59 19 clinical clinical ADJ ct-12629 59 20 picture picture NOUN ct-12629 59 21 of of ADP ct-12629 59 22 the the DET ct-12629 59 23 dam dam NOUN ct-12629 59 24 should should AUX ct-12629 59 25 be be AUX ct-12629 59 26 taken take VERB ct-12629 59 27 into into ADP ct-12629 59 28 consideration consideration NOUN ct-12629 59 29 before before ADP ct-12629 59 30 attempting attempt VERB ct-12629 59 31 vaginal vaginal ADJ ct-12629 59 32 delivery.1 delivery.1 NOUN ct-12629 59 33 it it PRON ct-12629 59 34 is be AUX ct-12629 59 35 important important ADJ ct-12629 59 36 to to PART ct-12629 59 37 ensure ensure VERB ct-12629 59 38 that that SCONJ ct-12629 59 39 the the DET ct-12629 59 40 dam dam NOUN ct-12629 59 41 ’s ’s PART ct-12629 59 42 cervix cervix NOUN ct-12629 59 43 , , PUNCT ct-12629 59 44 vulva vulva NOUN ct-12629 59 45 , , PUNCT ct-12629 59 46 and and CCONJ ct-12629 59 47 vestibulum vestibulum NOUN ct-12629 59 48 are be AUX ct-12629 59 49 fully fully ADV ct-12629 59 50 dilated.2 dilated.2 VERB ct-12629 59 51 if if SCONJ ct-12629 59 52 the the DET ct-12629 59 53 fetal fetal ADJ ct-12629 59 54 position position NOUN ct-12629 59 55 does do AUX ct-12629 59 56 not not PART ct-12629 59 57 allow allow VERB ct-12629 59 58 manual manual ADJ ct-12629 59 59 manipulation manipulation NOUN ct-12629 59 60 ( ( PUNCT ct-12629 59 61 i.e. i.e. X ct-12629 59 62 breech breech NOUN ct-12629 59 63 , , PUNCT ct-12629 59 64 transverse transverse NOUN ct-12629 59 65 presentation presentation NOUN ct-12629 59 66 , , PUNCT ct-12629 59 67 or or CCONJ ct-12629 59 68 severe severe ADJ ct-12629 59 69 head head NOUN ct-12629 59 70 deviations deviation NOUN ct-12629 59 71 ) ) PUNCT ct-12629 59 72 , , PUNCT ct-12629 59 73 it it PRON ct-12629 59 74 is be AUX ct-12629 59 75 recommended recommend VERB ct-12629 59 76 to to PART ct-12629 59 77 proceed proceed VERB ct-12629 59 78 straight straight ADV ct-12629 59 79 to to AUX ct-12629 59 80 cesarian cesarian VERB ct-12629 59 81 delivery.1 delivery.1 NOUN ct-12629 59 82 if if SCONJ ct-12629 59 83 the the DET ct-12629 59 84 cria cria NOUN ct-12629 59 85 has have VERB ct-12629 59 86 mild mild ADJ ct-12629 59 87 limb limb NOUN ct-12629 59 88 or or CCONJ ct-12629 59 89 neck neck NOUN ct-12629 59 90 flexions flexion NOUN ct-12629 59 91 , , PUNCT ct-12629 59 92 assisted assist VERB ct-12629 59 93 vaginal vaginal ADJ ct-12629 59 94 delivery delivery NOUN ct-12629 59 95 may may AUX ct-12629 59 96 be be AUX ct-12629 59 97 attempted attempt VERB ct-12629 59 98 only only ADV ct-12629 59 99 if if SCONJ ct-12629 59 100 the the DET ct-12629 59 101 vulva vulva NOUN ct-12629 59 102 , , PUNCT ct-12629 59 103 vestibular vestibular ADJ ct-12629 59 104 - - PUNCT ct-12629 59 105 sphincter sphincter NOUN ct-12629 59 106 , , PUNCT ct-12629 59 107 and and CCONJ ct-12629 59 108 cervix cervix NOUN ct-12629 59 109 are be AUX ct-12629 59 110 all all ADV ct-12629 59 111 fully fully ADV ct-12629 59 112 dilated.1 dilated.1 NOUN ct-12629 59 113 table table NOUN ct-12629 59 114 4 4 NUM ct-12629 59 115 . . PUNCT ct-12629 59 116 alpaca alpaca NOUN ct-12629 59 117 cria cria PROPN ct-12629 59 118 survival survival PROPN ct-12629 59 119 outcomes outcome NOUN ct-12629 59 120 , , PUNCT ct-12629 59 121 based base VERB ct-12629 59 122 on on ADP ct-12629 59 123 referral referral ADJ ct-12629 59 124 status status NOUN ct-12629 59 125 veterinarian veterinarian NOUN ct-12629 59 126 referral referral NOUN ct-12629 59 127 ( ( PUNCT ct-12629 59 128 n n CCONJ ct-12629 59 129     SPACE ct-12629 59 130 = = NOUN ct-12629 59 131 8) 8) NUM ct-12629 59 132 owner owner NOUN ct-12629 59 133 referral referral NOUN ct-12629 59 134 ( ( PUNCT ct-12629 59 135 n n NOUN ct-12629 59 136 = = SYM ct-12629 59 137 14 14 NUM ct-12629 59 138 ) ) PUNCT ct-12629 59 139 total total NOUN ct-12629 59 140 ( ( PUNCT ct-12629 59 141 n n CCONJ ct-12629 59 142     SPACE ct-12629 59 143 = = NOUN ct-12629 59 144     SPACE ct-12629 59 145 22 22 NUM ct-12629 59 146 ) ) PUNCT ct-12629 59 147 survival survival NOUN ct-12629 59 148 to to PART ct-12629 59 149 discharge discharge VERB ct-12629 59 150 4 4 NUM ct-12629 59 151 9 9 NUM ct-12629 59 152 13 13 NUM ct-12629 59 153 nonsurvival nonsurvival NOUN ct-12629 59 154 to to PART ct-12629 59 155 discharge discharge VERB ct-12629 59 156 4 4 NUM ct-12629 59 157 5 5 NUM ct-12629 59 158 9 9 NUM ct-12629 59 159 p p NOUN ct-12629 59 160 - - PUNCT ct-12629 59 161 value value NOUN ct-12629 59 162 1.00 1.00 NUM ct-12629 59 163 1.00 1.00 NUM ct-12629 59 164 table table NOUN ct-12629 59 165 5 5 NUM ct-12629 59 166 . . PUNCT ct-12629 60 1 llama llama PROPN ct-12629 60 2 cria cria PROPN ct-12629 60 3 survival survival PROPN ct-12629 60 4 outcomes outcome NOUN ct-12629 60 5 , , PUNCT ct-12629 60 6 based base VERB ct-12629 60 7 on on ADP ct-12629 60 8 referral referral ADJ ct-12629 60 9 status status NOUN ct-12629 60 10 veterinarian veterinarian NOUN ct-12629 60 11 referral referral NOUN ct-12629 60 12 ( ( PUNCT ct-12629 60 13 n n NOUN ct-12629 60 14 = = SYM ct-12629 60 15 3 3 X ct-12629 60 16 ) ) PUNCT ct-12629 60 17 owner owner NOUN ct-12629 60 18 referral referral NOUN ct-12629 60 19 ( ( PUNCT ct-12629 60 20 n n NOUN ct-12629 60 21 = = SYM ct-12629 60 22 4 4 NUM ct-12629 60 23 ) ) PUNCT ct-12629 60 24 total total NOUN ct-12629 60 25 ( ( PUNCT ct-12629 60 26 n n CCONJ ct-12629 60 27     SPACE ct-12629 60 28 = = SYM ct-12629 60 29 7 7 X ct-12629 60 30 ) ) PUNCT ct-12629 60 31 survival survival NOUN ct-12629 60 32 to to PART ct-12629 60 33 discharge discharge VERB ct-12629 60 34 1 1 NUM ct-12629 60 35 3 3 NUM ct-12629 60 36 4 4 NUM ct-12629 60 37 nonsurvival nonsurvival NOUN ct-12629 60 38 to to PART ct-12629 60 39 discharge discharge VERB ct-12629 60 40 2 2 NUM ct-12629 60 41 1 1 NUM ct-12629 60 42 3 3 NUM ct-12629 60 43 p p NOUN ct-12629 60 44 - - PUNCT ct-12629 60 45 value value NOUN ct-12629 60 46 0.49 0.49 NUM ct-12629 60 47 0.49 0.49 NUM ct-12629 60 48 http://dx.doi.org/10.58292/ct.v17.12629 http://dx.doi.org/10.58292/ct.v17.12629 PROPN ct-12629 60 49 4 4 NUM ct-12629 60 50 citation citation NOUN ct-12629 60 51 : : PUNCT ct-12629 60 52 clinical clinical ADJ ct-12629 60 53 theriogenology theriogenology NOUN ct-12629 60 54 2025 2025 NUM ct-12629 60 55 , , PUNCT ct-12629 60 56 17 17 NUM ct-12629 60 57 , , PUNCT ct-12629 60 58 12629 12629 NUM ct-12629 60 59 , , PUNCT ct-12629 60 60 http://dx.doi.org/10.58292/ct.v17.12629 http://dx.doi.org/10.58292/ct.v17.12629 PUNCT ct-12629 60 61 fetal fetal ADJ ct-12629 60 62 manipulations manipulation NOUN ct-12629 60 63 be be AUX ct-12629 60 64 limited limit VERB ct-12629 60 65 to to ADP ct-12629 60 66 15 15 NUM ct-12629 60 67 - - SYM ct-12629 60 68 20 20 NUM ct-12629 60 69 minutes minute NOUN ct-12629 60 70 , , PUNCT ct-12629 60 71 due due ADP ct-12629 60 72 to to ADP ct-12629 60 73 the the DET ct-12629 60 74 high high ADJ ct-12629 60 75 risk risk NOUN ct-12629 60 76 of of ADP ct-12629 60 77 vaginal vaginal ADJ ct-12629 60 78 tears.2 tears.2 PROPN ct-12629 60 79 authors author NOUN ct-12629 60 80 find find VERB ct-12629 60 81 it it PRON ct-12629 60 82 helpful helpful ADJ ct-12629 60 83 to to PART ct-12629 60 84 start start VERB ct-12629 60 85 a a DET ct-12629 60 86 timer timer NOUN ct-12629 60 87 at at ADP ct-12629 60 88 the the DET ct-12629 60 89 beginning beginning NOUN ct-12629 60 90 of of ADP ct-12629 60 91 fetal fetal ADJ ct-12629 60 92 manipulations manipulation NOUN ct-12629 60 93 , , PUNCT ct-12629 60 94 to to PART ct-12629 60 95 ensure ensure VERB ct-12629 60 96 a a DET ct-12629 60 97 timely timely ADJ ct-12629 60 98 transition transition NOUN ct-12629 60 99 to to ADP ct-12629 60 100 alternative alternative ADJ ct-12629 60 101 methods method NOUN ct-12629 60 102 if if SCONJ ct-12629 60 103 no no DET ct-12629 60 104 progress progress NOUN ct-12629 60 105 is be AUX ct-12629 60 106 made make VERB ct-12629 60 107 . . PUNCT ct-12629 61 1 fetus fetus PROPN ct-12629 61 2 should should AUX ct-12629 61 3 be be AUX ct-12629 61 4 manually manually ADV ct-12629 61 5 manipulated manipulate VERB ct-12629 61 6 to to PART ct-12629 61 7 align align VERB ct-12629 61 8 the the DET ct-12629 61 9 fetus fetus NOUN ct-12629 61 10 to to ADP ct-12629 61 11 the the DET ct-12629 61 12 largest large ADJ ct-12629 61 13 part part NOUN ct-12629 61 14 of of ADP ct-12629 61 15 the the DET ct-12629 61 16 dam dam NOUN ct-12629 61 17 ’s ’s PART ct-12629 61 18 pelvis pelvis NOUN ct-12629 61 19 . . PUNCT ct-12629 62 1 if if SCONJ ct-12629 62 2 retropulsion retropulsion NOUN ct-12629 62 3 is be AUX ct-12629 62 4 needed need VERB ct-12629 62 5 , , PUNCT ct-12629 62 6 elevating elevate VERB ct-12629 62 7 the the DET ct-12629 62 8 hind hind NOUN ct-12629 62 9 limbs limb NOUN ct-12629 62 10 of of ADP ct-12629 62 11 the the DET ct-12629 62 12 dam dam NOUN ct-12629 62 13 may may AUX ct-12629 62 14 be be AUX ct-12629 62 15 necessary necessary ADJ ct-12629 62 16 , , PUNCT ct-12629 62 17 in in ADP ct-12629 62 18 conjunction conjunction NOUN ct-12629 62 19 with with ADP ct-12629 62 20 heavy heavy ADJ ct-12629 62 21 sedation sedation NOUN ct-12629 62 22 plus plus CCONJ ct-12629 62 23 epidural epidural ADJ ct-12629 62 24 analgesia analgesia NOUN ct-12629 62 25 and/or and/or CCONJ ct-12629 62 26 general general ADJ ct-12629 62 27 anesthesia.1,2 anesthesia.1,2 PROPN ct-12629 62 28 additionally additionally ADV ct-12629 62 29 , , PUNCT ct-12629 62 30 depending depend VERB ct-12629 62 31 on on ADP ct-12629 62 32 the the DET ct-12629 62 33 patient patient NOUN ct-12629 62 34 ’s ’s PART ct-12629 62 35 analgesia analgesia NOUN ct-12629 62 36 level level NOUN ct-12629 62 37 , , PUNCT ct-12629 62 38 there there PRON ct-12629 62 39 is be VERB ct-12629 62 40 a a DET ct-12629 62 41 concern concern NOUN ct-12629 62 42 for for ADP ct-12629 62 43 secondary secondary ADJ ct-12629 62 44 fetal fetal ADJ ct-12629 62 45 hypoxia.2 hypoxia.2 ADJ ct-12629 62 46 manual manual ADJ ct-12629 62 47 manipulation manipulation NOUN ct-12629 62 48 predisposes predispose NOUN ct-12629 62 49 to to ADP ct-12629 62 50 development development NOUN ct-12629 62 51 of of ADP ct-12629 62 52 vaginal vaginal ADJ ct-12629 62 53 adhesions adhesion NOUN ct-12629 62 54 ( ( PUNCT ct-12629 62 55 a a DET ct-12629 62 56 complication complication NOUN ct-12629 62 57 that that PRON ct-12629 62 58 should should AUX ct-12629 62 59 be be AUX ct-12629 62 60 prospectively prospectively ADV ct-12629 62 61 communicated communicate VERB ct-12629 62 62 to to ADP ct-12629 62 63 owners).2 owners).2 PROPN ct-12629 62 64 manual manual ADJ ct-12629 62 65 manipulation manipulation NOUN ct-12629 62 66 is be AUX ct-12629 62 67 performed perform VERB ct-12629 62 68 under under ADP ct-12629 62 69 epidural epidural ADJ ct-12629 62 70 anesthesia anesthesia NOUN ct-12629 62 71 ; ; PUNCT ct-12629 62 72 either either CCONJ ct-12629 62 73 the the DET ct-12629 62 74 first first ADJ ct-12629 62 75 coccygeal coccygeal ADJ ct-12629 62 76 intervertebral intervertebral ADJ ct-12629 62 77 space space NOUN ct-12629 62 78 or or CCONJ ct-12629 62 79 the the DET ct-12629 62 80 sacrococcygeal sacrococcygeal ADJ ct-12629 62 81 intervertebral intervertebral ADJ ct-12629 62 82 space space NOUN ct-12629 62 83 depending depend VERB ct-12629 62 84 on on ADP ct-12629 62 85 clinician clinician NOUN ct-12629 62 86 preference.13,14 preference.13,14 NOUN ct-12629 62 87 areas area NOUN ct-12629 62 88 that that PRON ct-12629 62 89 are be AUX ct-12629 62 90 desensitized desensitize VERB ct-12629 62 91 by by ADP ct-12629 62 92 caudal caudal NOUN ct-12629 62 93 epidural epidural NOUN ct-12629 62 94 include include VERB ct-12629 62 95 tail tail NOUN ct-12629 62 96 , , PUNCT ct-12629 62 97 anus anus NOUN ct-12629 62 98 , , PUNCT ct-12629 62 99 rectum rectum NOUN ct-12629 62 100 , , PUNCT ct-12629 62 101 urethra urethra NOUN ct-12629 62 102 , , PUNCT ct-12629 62 103 vagina vagina ADJ ct-12629 62 104 , , PUNCT ct-12629 62 105 and and CCONJ ct-12629 62 106 vulva.13 vulva.13 NOUN ct-12629 62 107 before before ADP ct-12629 62 108 vaginal vaginal ADJ ct-12629 62 109 examination examination NOUN ct-12629 62 110 , , PUNCT ct-12629 62 111 rectal rectal ADJ ct-12629 62 112 examination examination NOUN ct-12629 62 113 is be AUX ct-12629 62 114 recommended recommend VERB ct-12629 62 115 when when SCONJ ct-12629 62 116 possible.12 possible.12 NOUN ct-12629 62 117 to to PART ct-12629 62 118 prevent prevent VERB ct-12629 62 119 tears tear NOUN ct-12629 62 120 and and CCONJ ct-12629 62 121 iatrogenic iatrogenic ADJ ct-12629 62 122 trauma trauma NOUN ct-12629 62 123 , , PUNCT ct-12629 62 124 use use VERB ct-12629 62 125 abundant abundant ADJ ct-12629 62 126 lubricant lubricant NOUN ct-12629 62 127 ( ( PUNCT ct-12629 62 128 with with ADP ct-12629 62 129 lidocaine lidocaine NOUN ct-12629 62 130 ) ) PUNCT ct-12629 62 131 in in ADP ct-12629 62 132 the the DET ct-12629 62 133 rectum rectum NOUN ct-12629 62 134 to to PART ct-12629 62 135 promote promote VERB ct-12629 62 136 relaxation relaxation NOUN ct-12629 62 137 and and CCONJ ct-12629 62 138 reduce reduce VERB ct-12629 62 139 straining.12 straining.12 NOUN ct-12629 62 140 for for ADP ct-12629 62 141 sacs sac NOUN ct-12629 62 142 patients patient NOUN ct-12629 62 143 , , PUNCT ct-12629 62 144 lidocaine lidocaine NOUN ct-12629 62 145 recommended recommend VERB ct-12629 62 146 dosage dosage NOUN ct-12629 62 147 is be AUX ct-12629 62 148 0.2 0.2 NUM ct-12629 62 149 mg mg NUM ct-12629 62 150 / / SYM ct-12629 62 151 kg kg NOUN ct-12629 62 152 with with ADP ct-12629 62 153 a a DET ct-12629 62 154 maximum maximum ADJ ct-12629 62 155 total total NOUN ct-12629 62 156 dose dose NOUN ct-12629 62 157 of of ADP ct-12629 62 158 4 4 NUM ct-12629 62 159 mg mg PROPN ct-12629 62 160 / / SYM ct-12629 62 161 kg1,15,16 kg1,15,16 PROPN ct-12629 62 162 ( ( PUNCT ct-12629 62 163 maximum maximum NOUN ct-12629 62 164 of of ADP ct-12629 62 165 ~ ~ SYM ct-12629 62 166 2 2 NUM ct-12629 62 167 or or CCONJ ct-12629 62 168 2.5 2.5 NUM ct-12629 62 169 ml ml NOUN ct-12629 62 170 of of ADP ct-12629 62 171 lidocaine lidocaine NOUN ct-12629 62 172 per per ADP ct-12629 62 173 llama llama NOUN ct-12629 62 174 or or CCONJ ct-12629 62 175 alpaca alpaca NOUN ct-12629 62 176 , , PUNCT ct-12629 62 177 respectively).1,15 respectively).1,15 PROPN ct-12629 62 178 signs sign NOUN ct-12629 62 179 of of ADP ct-12629 62 180 lidocaine lidocaine NOUN ct-12629 62 181 toxicity toxicity NOUN ct-12629 62 182 include include VERB ct-12629 62 183 ataxia ataxia NOUN ct-12629 62 184 , , PUNCT ct-12629 62 185 increased increase VERB ct-12629 62 186 respiratory respiratory ADJ ct-12629 62 187 effort effort NOUN ct-12629 62 188 , , PUNCT ct-12629 62 189 tachypnea tachypnea NOUN ct-12629 62 190 , , PUNCT ct-12629 62 191 weakness weakness NOUN ct-12629 62 192 , , PUNCT ct-12629 62 193 hypotension hypotension NOUN ct-12629 62 194 , , PUNCT ct-12629 62 195 and and CCONJ ct-12629 62 196 altered alter VERB ct-12629 62 197 mentation.16 mentation.16 PROPN ct-12629 62 198 rectal rectal ADJ ct-12629 62 199 examination examination NOUN ct-12629 62 200 will will AUX ct-12629 62 201 assist assist VERB ct-12629 62 202 in in ADP ct-12629 62 203 identifying identify VERB ct-12629 62 204 the the DET ct-12629 62 205 location location NOUN ct-12629 62 206 and and CCONJ ct-12629 62 207 direction direction NOUN ct-12629 62 208 of of ADP ct-12629 62 209 uterine uterine ADJ ct-12629 62 210 broad broad ADJ ct-12629 62 211 ligaments ligament NOUN ct-12629 62 212 , , PUNCT ct-12629 62 213 for for ADP ct-12629 62 214 evaluating evaluate VERB ct-12629 62 215 abnormalities abnormality NOUN ct-12629 62 216 ( ( PUNCT ct-12629 62 217 urinary urinary ADJ ct-12629 62 218 bladder bladder NOUN ct-12629 62 219 , , PUNCT ct-12629 62 220 pelvic pelvic ADJ ct-12629 62 221 region region NOUN ct-12629 62 222 , , PUNCT ct-12629 62 223 and and CCONJ ct-12629 62 224 kidneys kidney NOUN ct-12629 62 225 ) ) PUNCT ct-12629 62 226 and and CCONJ ct-12629 62 227 identifying identify VERB ct-12629 62 228 uterine uterine ADJ ct-12629 62 229 torsion.12 torsion.12 NOUN ct-12629 62 230 antimicrobial antimicrobial ADJ ct-12629 62 231 and and CCONJ ct-12629 62 232 antiinflammatory antiinflammatory NOUN ct-12629 62 233 medications medication NOUN ct-12629 62 234 should should AUX ct-12629 62 235 be be AUX ct-12629 62 236 part part NOUN ct-12629 62 237 of of ADP ct-12629 62 238 routine routine ADJ ct-12629 62 239 supportive supportive ADJ ct-12629 62 240 care care NOUN ct-12629 62 241 . . PUNCT ct-12629 63 1 most most ADV ct-12629 63 2 commonly commonly ADV ct-12629 63 3 used use VERB ct-12629 63 4 antimicrobial antimicrobial ADJ ct-12629 63 5 was be AUX ct-12629 63 6 ceftiofur ceftiofur NOUN ct-12629 63 7 and and CCONJ ct-12629 63 8 flunixin flunixin NOUN ct-12629 63 9 meglumine meglumine NOUN ct-12629 63 10 was be AUX ct-12629 63 11 the the DET ct-12629 63 12 most most ADV ct-12629 63 13 commonly commonly ADV ct-12629 63 14 used use VERB ct-12629 63 15 antiinflammatory antiinflammatory NOUN ct-12629 63 16 agent agent NOUN ct-12629 63 17 , , PUNCT ct-12629 63 18 similar similar ADJ ct-12629 63 19 to to ADP ct-12629 63 20 another another DET ct-12629 63 21 retrospective retrospective ADJ ct-12629 63 22 report.17 report.17 NOUN ct-12629 63 23 if if SCONJ ct-12629 63 24 assisted assist VERB ct-12629 63 25 vaginal vaginal ADJ ct-12629 63 26 delivery delivery NOUN ct-12629 63 27 is be AUX ct-12629 63 28 not not PART ct-12629 63 29 an an DET ct-12629 63 30 option option NOUN ct-12629 63 31 , , PUNCT ct-12629 63 32 cesarian cesarian ADJ ct-12629 63 33 delivery delivery NOUN ct-12629 63 34 is be AUX ct-12629 63 35 recommended recommend VERB ct-12629 63 36 . . PUNCT ct-12629 64 1 increased increase VERB ct-12629 64 2 duration duration NOUN ct-12629 64 3 of of ADP ct-12629 64 4 dystocia dystocia NOUN ct-12629 64 5 is be AUX ct-12629 64 6 associated associate VERB ct-12629 64 7 with with ADP ct-12629 64 8 increased increase VERB ct-12629 64 9 fetal fetal ADJ ct-12629 64 10 and and CCONJ ct-12629 64 11 dam dam NOUN ct-12629 64 12 mortality mortality NOUN ct-12629 64 13 in in ADP ct-12629 64 14 camels.4 camels.4 PROPN ct-12629 64 15 the the PRON ct-12629 64 16 sooner soon ADV ct-12629 64 17 a a DET ct-12629 64 18 cesarian cesarian ADJ ct-12629 64 19 surgery surgery NOUN ct-12629 64 20 is be AUX ct-12629 64 21 performed perform VERB ct-12629 64 22 ( ( PUNCT ct-12629 64 23 recommended recommend VERB ct-12629 64 24 maximum maximum ADJ ct-12629 64 25 20 20 NUM ct-12629 64 26 - - PUNCT ct-12629 64 27 minutes minute NOUN ct-12629 64 28 of of ADP ct-12629 64 29 fetal fetal ADJ ct-12629 64 30 vaginal vaginal ADJ ct-12629 64 31 manipulation manipulation NOUN ct-12629 64 32 ) ) PUNCT ct-12629 64 33 , , PUNCT ct-12629 64 34 the the DET ct-12629 64 35 fewer few ADJ ct-12629 64 36 complications complication NOUN ct-12629 64 37 and and CCONJ ct-12629 64 38 better well ADJ ct-12629 64 39 tissue tissue NOUN ct-12629 64 40 viability.11 viability.11 NOUN ct-12629 64 41 cria cria PROPN ct-12629 64 42 survival survival NOUN ct-12629 64 43 was be AUX ct-12629 64 44 not not PART ct-12629 64 45 affected affect VERB ct-12629 64 46 by by ADP ct-12629 64 47 delivery delivery NOUN ct-12629 64 48 method method NOUN ct-12629 64 49 , , PUNCT ct-12629 64 50 with with ADP ct-12629 64 51 67 67 NUM ct-12629 64 52 % % NOUN ct-12629 64 53 ( ( PUNCT ct-12629 64 54 6/9 6/9 NUM ct-12629 64 55 ) ) PUNCT ct-12629 64 56 of of ADP ct-12629 64 57 cria cria PROPN ct-12629 64 58 delivered deliver VERB ct-12629 64 59 via via ADP ct-12629 64 60 cesarian cesarian PROPN ct-12629 64 61 survived survive VERB ct-12629 64 62 to to PART ct-12629 64 63 discharge discharge VERB ct-12629 64 64 in in ADP ct-12629 64 65 this this DET ct-12629 64 66 case case NOUN ct-12629 64 67 review review NOUN ct-12629 64 68 . . PUNCT ct-12629 65 1 surgical surgical ADJ ct-12629 65 2 approaches approach NOUN ct-12629 65 3 in in ADP ct-12629 65 4 camelid camelid ADJ ct-12629 65 5 species specie NOUN ct-12629 65 6 include include VERB ct-12629 65 7 left leave VERB ct-12629 65 8 flank flank NOUN ct-12629 65 9 and and CCONJ ct-12629 65 10 low low ADJ ct-12629 65 11 flank flank NOUN ct-12629 65 12 / / SYM ct-12629 65 13 ventrolateral ventrolateral ADJ ct-12629 65 14 and and CCONJ ct-12629 65 15 ventral ventral ADJ ct-12629 65 16 midline midline NOUN ct-12629 65 17 , , PUNCT ct-12629 65 18 with with ADP ct-12629 65 19 left left ADJ ct-12629 65 20 flank flank NOUN ct-12629 65 21 being be AUX ct-12629 65 22 common.14 common.14 PROPN ct-12629 65 23 for for ADP ct-12629 65 24 uterine uterine ADJ ct-12629 65 25 torsion torsion NOUN ct-12629 65 26 , , PUNCT ct-12629 65 27 a a DET ct-12629 65 28 ventral ventral ADJ ct-12629 65 29 midline midline NOUN ct-12629 65 30 incision incision NOUN ct-12629 65 31 under under ADP ct-12629 65 32 general general ADJ ct-12629 65 33 anesthesia anesthesia PROPN ct-12629 65 34 is be AUX ct-12629 65 35 recommended.14 recommended.14 NOUN ct-12629 65 36 complications complication NOUN ct-12629 65 37 of of ADP ct-12629 65 38 cesarian cesarian ADJ ct-12629 65 39 surgery surgery NOUN ct-12629 65 40 include include VERB ct-12629 65 41 peritonitis peritonitis NOUN ct-12629 65 42 , , PUNCT ct-12629 65 43 incisional incisional ADJ ct-12629 65 44 seroma seroma NOUN ct-12629 65 45 , , PUNCT ct-12629 65 46 hemorrhage hemorrhage NOUN ct-12629 65 47 , , PUNCT ct-12629 65 48 infection infection NOUN ct-12629 65 49 , , PUNCT ct-12629 65 50 dehiscence dehiscence NOUN ct-12629 65 51 , , PUNCT ct-12629 65 52 and/or and/or CCONJ ct-12629 65 53 incisional incisional ADJ ct-12629 65 54 herniation.1 herniation.1 PROPN ct-12629 65 55 complications complication NOUN ct-12629 65 56 are be AUX ct-12629 65 57 best well ADV ct-12629 65 58 minimized minimized ADJ ct-12629 65 59 with with ADP ct-12629 65 60 good good ADJ ct-12629 65 61 surgical surgical ADJ ct-12629 65 62 techniques technique NOUN ct-12629 65 63 ( ( PUNCT ct-12629 65 64 careful careful ADJ ct-12629 65 65 tissue tissue NOUN ct-12629 65 66 handling handling NOUN ct-12629 65 67 , , PUNCT ct-12629 65 68 appropriate appropriate ADJ ct-12629 65 69 homeostasis homeostasis NOUN ct-12629 65 70 , , PUNCT ct-12629 65 71 and and CCONJ ct-12629 65 72 good good ADJ ct-12629 65 73 apposition apposition NOUN ct-12629 65 74 / / SYM ct-12629 65 75 reconstruction reconstruction NOUN ct-12629 65 76 during during ADP ct-12629 65 77 closure).1 closure).1 ADJ ct-12629 65 78 fetal fetal ADJ ct-12629 65 79 membranes membrane NOUN ct-12629 65 80 are be AUX ct-12629 65 81 removed remove VERB ct-12629 65 82 during during ADP ct-12629 65 83 closure closure NOUN ct-12629 65 84 of of ADP ct-12629 65 85 the the DET ct-12629 65 86 uterus uterus NOUN ct-12629 65 87 ; ; PUNCT ct-12629 65 88 however however ADV ct-12629 65 89 , , PUNCT ct-12629 65 90 if if SCONJ ct-12629 65 91 they they PRON ct-12629 65 92 can can AUX ct-12629 65 93 be be AUX ct-12629 65 94 easily easily ADV ct-12629 65 95 removed remove VERB ct-12629 65 96 from from ADP ct-12629 65 97 the the DET ct-12629 65 98 uterus uterus NOUN ct-12629 65 99 , , PUNCT ct-12629 65 100 they they PRON ct-12629 65 101 may may AUX ct-12629 65 102 be be AUX ct-12629 65 103 removed remove VERB ct-12629 65 104 at at ADP ct-12629 65 105 surgery.1 surgery.1 NOUN ct-12629 65 106 care care NOUN ct-12629 65 107 should should AUX ct-12629 65 108 be be AUX ct-12629 65 109 taken take VERB ct-12629 65 110 during during ADP ct-12629 65 111 closure closure NOUN ct-12629 65 112 not not PART ct-12629 65 113 to to PART ct-12629 65 114 include include VERB ct-12629 65 115 fetal fetal ADJ ct-12629 65 116 membranes membrane NOUN ct-12629 65 117 in in ADP ct-12629 65 118 the the DET ct-12629 65 119 uterine uterine ADJ ct-12629 65 120 wall wall NOUN ct-12629 65 121 closure closure PROPN ct-12629 65 122 , , PUNCT ct-12629 65 123 due due ADP ct-12629 65 124 to to ADP ct-12629 65 125 the the DET ct-12629 65 126 microcotyledonary microcotyledonary ADJ ct-12629 65 127 placental placental NOUN ct-12629 65 128 structure.1 structure.1 NOUN ct-12629 65 129 place place VERB ct-12629 65 130 an an DET ct-12629 65 131 abdominal abdominal ADJ ct-12629 65 132 support support NOUN ct-12629 65 133 band band NOUN ct-12629 65 134 for for ADP ct-12629 65 135 10 10 NUM ct-12629 65 136 - - SYM ct-12629 65 137 14 14 NUM ct-12629 65 138 days day NOUN ct-12629 65 139 to to PART ct-12629 65 140 promote promote VERB ct-12629 65 141 abdominal abdominal ADJ ct-12629 65 142 wall wall NOUN ct-12629 65 143 integrity integrity NOUN ct-12629 65 144 and and CCONJ ct-12629 65 145 prevent prevent VERB ct-12629 65 146 complications.1 complications.1 NOUN ct-12629 65 147 of of ADP ct-12629 65 148 the the DET ct-12629 65 149 9 9 NUM ct-12629 65 150 patients patient NOUN ct-12629 65 151 that that PRON ct-12629 65 152 underwent undergo VERB ct-12629 65 153 cesarian cesarian ADJ ct-12629 65 154 surgery surgery NOUN ct-12629 65 155 in in ADP ct-12629 65 156 this this DET ct-12629 65 157 review review NOUN ct-12629 65 158 , , PUNCT ct-12629 65 159 1 1 NUM ct-12629 65 160 llama llama NOUN ct-12629 65 161 did do AUX ct-12629 65 162 not not PART ct-12629 65 163 have have VERB ct-12629 65 164 a a DET ct-12629 65 165 belly belly NOUN ct-12629 65 166 band band NOUN ct-12629 65 167 placed place VERB ct-12629 65 168 and and CCONJ ct-12629 65 169 the the DET ct-12629 65 170 owner owner NOUN ct-12629 65 171 reported report VERB ct-12629 65 172 that that SCONJ ct-12629 65 173 a a DET ct-12629 65 174 body body NOUN ct-12629 65 175 wall wall NOUN ct-12629 65 176 hernia hernia PROPN ct-12629 65 177 occurred occur VERB ct-12629 65 178 after after ADP ct-12629 65 179 discharge discharge NOUN ct-12629 65 180 . . PUNCT ct-12629 66 1 of of ADP ct-12629 66 2 the the DET ct-12629 66 3 9 9 NUM ct-12629 66 4 cesarian cesarian ADJ ct-12629 66 5 deliveries delivery NOUN ct-12629 66 6 , , PUNCT ct-12629 66 7 only only ADV ct-12629 66 8 2 2 NUM ct-12629 66 9 patients patient NOUN ct-12629 66 10 had have VERB ct-12629 66 11 complications complication NOUN ct-12629 66 12 ; ; PUNCT ct-12629 66 13 1 1 NUM ct-12629 66 14 had have VERB ct-12629 66 15 a a DET ct-12629 66 16 body body NOUN ct-12629 66 17 wall wall NOUN ct-12629 66 18 hernia hernia NOUN ct-12629 66 19 and and CCONJ ct-12629 66 20 1 1 NUM ct-12629 66 21 died die VERB ct-12629 66 22 due due ADJ ct-12629 66 23 to to ADP ct-12629 66 24 postoperative postoperative ADJ ct-12629 66 25 complications complication NOUN ct-12629 66 26 . . PUNCT ct-12629 67 1 hospitalization hospitalization NOUN ct-12629 67 2 requirements requirement NOUN ct-12629 67 3 vary vary VERB ct-12629 67 4 , , PUNCT ct-12629 67 5 depending depend VERB ct-12629 67 6 on on ADP ct-12629 67 7 dam dam NOUN ct-12629 67 8 and and CCONJ ct-12629 67 9 cria cria PROPN ct-12629 67 10 needs need NOUN ct-12629 67 11 . . PUNCT ct-12629 68 1 retained retain VERB ct-12629 68 2 fetal fetal ADJ ct-12629 68 3 membranes membrane NOUN ct-12629 68 4 after after SCONJ ct-12629 68 5 cesarian cesarian ADJ ct-12629 68 6 surgery surgery NOUN ct-12629 68 7 are be AUX ct-12629 68 8 not not PART ct-12629 68 9 uncommon uncommon ADJ ct-12629 68 10 ( ( PUNCT ct-12629 68 11 12.5 12.5 NUM ct-12629 68 12 % % NOUN ct-12629 68 13 ) ) PUNCT ct-12629 68 14 , , PUNCT ct-12629 68 15 can can AUX ct-12629 68 16 be be AUX ct-12629 68 17 managed manage VERB ct-12629 68 18 medically medically ADV ct-12629 68 19 ( ( PUNCT ct-12629 68 20 with with ADP ct-12629 68 21 oxytocin oxytocin NOUN ct-12629 68 22 ) ) PUNCT ct-12629 68 23 and and CCONJ ct-12629 68 24 shedding shed VERB ct-12629 68 25 usually usually ADV ct-12629 68 26 occurs occur VERB ct-12629 68 27 within within ADP ct-12629 68 28 24 24 NUM ct-12629 68 29 hours.14,15 hours.14,15 NOUN ct-12629 68 30 however however ADV ct-12629 68 31 , , PUNCT ct-12629 68 32 it it PRON ct-12629 68 33 is be AUX ct-12629 68 34 important important ADJ ct-12629 68 35 to to PART ct-12629 68 36 ensure ensure VERB ct-12629 68 37 that that SCONJ ct-12629 68 38 the the DET ct-12629 68 39 cervix cervix NOUN ct-12629 68 40 is be AUX ct-12629 68 41 open.16 open.16 PROPN ct-12629 68 42 side side NOUN ct-12629 68 43 effects effect NOUN ct-12629 68 44 of of ADP ct-12629 68 45 oxytocin oxytocin NOUN ct-12629 68 46 include include VERB ct-12629 68 47 abdominal abdominal ADJ ct-12629 68 48 pain pain NOUN ct-12629 68 49 ( ( PUNCT ct-12629 68 50 i.e. i.e. X ct-12629 68 51 colic colic NOUN ct-12629 68 52 ) ) PUNCT ct-12629 68 53 and and CCONJ ct-12629 68 54 patients patient NOUN ct-12629 68 55 should should AUX ct-12629 68 56 be be AUX ct-12629 68 57 monitored monitor VERB ct-12629 68 58 closely closely ADV ct-12629 68 59 after after ADP ct-12629 68 60 treatment.1after treatment.1after NOUN ct-12629 68 61 cesarian cesarian ADJ ct-12629 68 62 delivery delivery NOUN ct-12629 68 63 , , PUNCT ct-12629 68 64 75.9 75.9 NUM ct-12629 68 65 % % NOUN ct-12629 68 66 of of ADP ct-12629 68 67 dams dam NOUN ct-12629 68 68 were be AUX ct-12629 68 69 rebred rebre VERB ct-12629 68 70 and and CCONJ ct-12629 68 71 conceived conceive VERB ct-12629 68 72 again again ADV ct-12629 68 73 , , PUNCT ct-12629 68 74 implying imply VERB ct-12629 68 75 breeding breeding NOUN ct-12629 68 76 potential potential NOUN ct-12629 68 77 was be AUX ct-12629 68 78 not not PART ct-12629 68 79 compromised compromise VERB ct-12629 68 80 in in ADP ct-12629 68 81 a a DET ct-12629 68 82 majority majority NOUN ct-12629 68 83 of of ADP ct-12629 68 84 patients.14 patients.14 PROPN ct-12629 68 85 in in ADP ct-12629 68 86 our our PRON ct-12629 68 87 population population NOUN ct-12629 68 88 ( ( PUNCT ct-12629 68 89 where where SCONJ ct-12629 68 90 follow follow VERB ct-12629 68 91 up up ADP ct-12629 68 92 was be AUX ct-12629 68 93 possible possible ADJ ct-12629 68 94 ) ) PUNCT ct-12629 68 95 6 6 NUM ct-12629 68 96 dams dam NOUN ct-12629 68 97 were be AUX ct-12629 68 98 successfully successfully ADV ct-12629 68 99 rebred rebre VERB ct-12629 68 100 , , PUNCT ct-12629 68 101 whereas whereas SCONJ ct-12629 68 102 rebreeding rebreede VERB ct-12629 68 103 was be AUX ct-12629 68 104 not not PART ct-12629 68 105 pursued pursue VERB ct-12629 68 106 with with ADP ct-12629 68 107 4 4 NUM ct-12629 68 108 dams dam NOUN ct-12629 68 109 . . PUNCT ct-12629 69 1 cria cria PROPN ct-12629 69 2 survivability survivability PROPN ct-12629 69 3 after after ADP ct-12629 69 4 dystocia dystocia NOUN ct-12629 69 5 is be AUX ct-12629 69 6 important important ADJ ct-12629 69 7 . . PUNCT ct-12629 70 1 at at ADP ct-12629 70 2 parturition parturition NOUN ct-12629 70 3 , , PUNCT ct-12629 70 4 cria cria PROPN ct-12629 70 5 have have AUX ct-12629 70 6 increased increase VERB ct-12629 70 7 fetal fetal ADJ ct-12629 70 8 cortisol cortisol ADJ ct-12629 70 9 concentrations concentration NOUN ct-12629 70 10 that that PRON ct-12629 70 11 promote promote VERB ct-12629 70 12 surfactant surfactant ADJ ct-12629 70 13 production production NOUN ct-12629 70 14 and and CCONJ ct-12629 70 15 increase increase VERB ct-12629 70 16 catecholamines catecholamine NOUN ct-12629 70 17 . . PUNCT ct-12629 71 1 however however ADV ct-12629 71 2 , , PUNCT ct-12629 71 3 this this DET ct-12629 71 4 surge surge NOUN ct-12629 71 5 can can AUX ct-12629 71 6 subsequently subsequently ADV ct-12629 71 7 mask mask VERB ct-12629 71 8 clinical clinical ADJ ct-12629 71 9 illness illness NOUN ct-12629 71 10 at at ADP ct-12629 71 11 birth birth NOUN ct-12629 71 12 or or CCONJ ct-12629 71 13 shortly shortly ADV ct-12629 71 14 after.16 after.16 ADJ ct-12629 71 15 half half NOUN ct-12629 71 16 of of ADP ct-12629 71 17 cria cria NOUN ct-12629 71 18 deaths death NOUN ct-12629 71 19 occurred occur VERB ct-12629 71 20 within within ADP ct-12629 71 21 the the DET ct-12629 71 22 first first ADJ ct-12629 71 23 week week NOUN ct-12629 71 24 , , PUNCT ct-12629 71 25 emphasizing emphasize VERB ct-12629 71 26 routine routine ADJ ct-12629 71 27 monitoring monitoring NOUN ct-12629 71 28 and and CCONJ ct-12629 71 29 supportive supportive ADJ ct-12629 71 30 care care NOUN ct-12629 71 31 , , PUNCT ct-12629 71 32 especially especially ADV ct-12629 71 33 after after ADP ct-12629 71 34 dystocia.2 dystocia.2 PROPN ct-12629 71 35 following follow VERB ct-12629 71 36 delivery delivery NOUN ct-12629 71 37 , , PUNCT ct-12629 71 38 a a DET ct-12629 71 39 physical physical ADJ ct-12629 71 40 examination examination NOUN ct-12629 71 41 is be AUX ct-12629 71 42 critical critical ADJ ct-12629 71 43 to to PART ct-12629 71 44 assess assess VERB ct-12629 71 45 cria cria NOUN ct-12629 71 46 stability stability NOUN ct-12629 71 47 and and CCONJ ct-12629 71 48 to to PART ct-12629 71 49 detect detect VERB ct-12629 71 50 congenital congenital ADJ ct-12629 71 51 abnormalities abnormality NOUN ct-12629 71 52 . . PUNCT ct-12629 72 1 routine routine ADJ ct-12629 72 2 supportive supportive ADJ ct-12629 72 3 care care NOUN ct-12629 72 4 included include VERB ct-12629 72 5 camelid camelid ADJ ct-12629 72 6 plasma plasma NOUN ct-12629 72 7 transfusion transfusion NOUN ct-12629 72 8 if if SCONJ ct-12629 72 9 indicated indicate VERB ct-12629 72 10 , , PUNCT ct-12629 72 11 weight weight NOUN ct-12629 72 12 monitoring monitoring NOUN ct-12629 72 13 every every DET ct-12629 72 14 24 24 NUM ct-12629 72 15 hours hour NOUN ct-12629 72 16 , , PUNCT ct-12629 72 17 dipping dip VERB ct-12629 72 18 the the DET ct-12629 72 19 umbilicus umbilicus NOUN ct-12629 72 20 in in ADP ct-12629 72 21 disinfectant disinfectant NOUN ct-12629 72 22 ( ( PUNCT ct-12629 72 23 chlorohexidine chlorohexidine NOUN ct-12629 72 24 solution solution NOUN ct-12629 72 25 ) ) PUNCT ct-12629 72 26 , , PUNCT ct-12629 72 27 nursing nurse VERB ct-12629 72 28 with with ADP ct-12629 72 29 milk milk NOUN ct-12629 72 30 replacer replacer NOUN ct-12629 72 31 if if SCONJ ct-12629 72 32 necessary necessary ADJ ct-12629 72 33 , , PUNCT ct-12629 72 34 and and CCONJ ct-12629 72 35 catheter catheter NOUN ct-12629 72 36 care care NOUN ct-12629 72 37 . . PUNCT ct-12629 73 1 it it PRON ct-12629 73 2 is be AUX ct-12629 73 3 recommended recommend VERB ct-12629 73 4 to to PART ct-12629 73 5 test test VERB ct-12629 73 6 igg igg NOUN ct-12629 73 7 concentrations concentration NOUN ct-12629 73 8 ; ; PUNCT ct-12629 73 9 due due ADP ct-12629 73 10 to to ADP ct-12629 73 11 high high ADJ ct-12629 73 12 variability variability NOUN ct-12629 73 13 between between ADP ct-12629 73 14 assays assay NOUN ct-12629 73 15 , , PUNCT ct-12629 73 16 use use VERB ct-12629 73 17 1 1 NUM ct-12629 73 18 method method NOUN ct-12629 73 19 consistently consistently ADV ct-12629 73 20 for for ADP ct-12629 73 21 any any DET ct-12629 73 22 patient.17 patient.17 NOUN ct-12629 73 23 our our PRON ct-12629 73 24 review review NOUN ct-12629 73 25 of of ADP ct-12629 73 26 medical medical ADJ ct-12629 73 27 records record NOUN ct-12629 73 28 was be AUX ct-12629 73 29 focused focus VERB ct-12629 73 30 on on ADP ct-12629 73 31 the the DET ct-12629 73 32 clinical clinical ADJ ct-12629 73 33 practices practice NOUN ct-12629 73 34 used use VERB ct-12629 73 35 for for ADP ct-12629 73 36 the the DET ct-12629 73 37 workup workup NOUN ct-12629 73 38 and and CCONJ ct-12629 73 39 care care NOUN ct-12629 73 40 of of ADP ct-12629 73 41 dystocia dystocia NOUN ct-12629 73 42 patients patient NOUN ct-12629 73 43 presented present VERB ct-12629 73 44 to to ADP ct-12629 73 45 a a DET ct-12629 73 46 tertiary tertiary ADJ ct-12629 73 47 care care NOUN ct-12629 73 48 hospital hospital NOUN ct-12629 73 49 . . PUNCT ct-12629 74 1 limitations limitation NOUN ct-12629 74 2 included include VERB ct-12629 74 3 missing miss VERB ct-12629 74 4 information information NOUN ct-12629 74 5 ( ( PUNCT ct-12629 74 6 e.g. e.g. ADV ct-12629 74 7 dam dam NOUN ct-12629 74 8 weight weight NOUN ct-12629 74 9 , , PUNCT ct-12629 74 10 height height NOUN ct-12629 74 11 , , PUNCT ct-12629 74 12 breeding breeding NOUN ct-12629 74 13 history history NOUN ct-12629 74 14 , , PUNCT ct-12629 74 15 pelvic pelvic ADJ ct-12629 74 16 width width NOUN ct-12629 74 17 , , PUNCT ct-12629 74 18 and and CCONJ ct-12629 74 19 sire sire NOUN ct-12629 74 20 dimensions dimension NOUN ct-12629 74 21 ) ) PUNCT ct-12629 74 22 . . PUNCT ct-12629 75 1 furthermore furthermore ADV ct-12629 75 2 , , PUNCT ct-12629 75 3 as as SCONJ ct-12629 75 4 some some DET ct-12629 75 5 patient patient ADJ ct-12629 75 6 care care NOUN ct-12629 75 7 was be AUX ct-12629 75 8 lost lose VERB ct-12629 75 9 to to PART ct-12629 75 10 follow follow VERB ct-12629 75 11 up up ADP ct-12629 75 12 , , PUNCT ct-12629 75 13 there there PRON ct-12629 75 14 may may AUX ct-12629 75 15 be be AUX ct-12629 75 16 some some DET ct-12629 75 17 inaccuracy inaccuracy NOUN ct-12629 75 18 in in ADP ct-12629 75 19 long long ADJ ct-12629 75 20 - - PUNCT ct-12629 75 21 term term NOUN ct-12629 75 22 survivability survivability NOUN ct-12629 75 23 and and CCONJ ct-12629 75 24 breeding breeding NOUN ct-12629 75 25 of of ADP ct-12629 75 26 the the DET ct-12629 75 27 dam dam NOUN ct-12629 75 28 and and CCONJ ct-12629 75 29 cria cria PROPN ct-12629 75 30 . . PUNCT ct-12629 76 1 due due ADP ct-12629 76 2 to to ADP ct-12629 76 3 high high ADJ ct-12629 76 4 selling selling NOUN ct-12629 76 5 / / SYM ct-12629 76 6 adopting adopt VERB ct-12629 76 7 rates rate NOUN ct-12629 76 8 of of ADP ct-12629 76 9 cria cria NOUN ct-12629 76 10 within within ADP ct-12629 76 11 our our PRON ct-12629 76 12 demographic demographic ADJ ct-12629 76 13 population population NOUN ct-12629 76 14 , , PUNCT ct-12629 76 15 long long ADJ ct-12629 76 16 - - PUNCT ct-12629 76 17 term term NOUN ct-12629 76 18 survival survival NOUN ct-12629 76 19 was be AUX ct-12629 76 20 deemed deem VERB ct-12629 76 21 at at ADP ct-12629 76 22 1 1 NUM ct-12629 76 23 year year NOUN ct-12629 76 24 to to PART ct-12629 76 25 facilitate facilitate VERB ct-12629 76 26 follow follow VERB ct-12629 76 27 up up ADP ct-12629 76 28 ( ( PUNCT ct-12629 76 29 extending extend VERB ct-12629 76 30 this this DET ct-12629 76 31 interval interval NOUN ct-12629 76 32 would would AUX ct-12629 76 33 provide provide VERB ct-12629 76 34 more more ADJ ct-12629 76 35 information information NOUN ct-12629 76 36 ) ) PUNCT ct-12629 76 37 . . PUNCT ct-12629 77 1 although although SCONJ ct-12629 77 2 we we PRON ct-12629 77 3 were be AUX ct-12629 77 4 only only ADV ct-12629 77 5 successful successful ADJ ct-12629 77 6 in in ADP ct-12629 77 7 gathering gather VERB ct-12629 77 8 reproductive reproductive ADJ ct-12629 77 9 abilities ability NOUN ct-12629 77 10 of of ADP ct-12629 77 11 1 1 NUM ct-12629 77 12 female female ADJ ct-12629 77 13 cria cria NOUN ct-12629 77 14 , , PUNCT ct-12629 77 15 future future ADJ ct-12629 77 16 studies study NOUN ct-12629 77 17 exploring explore VERB ct-12629 77 18 their their PRON ct-12629 77 19 success success NOUN ct-12629 77 20 is be AUX ct-12629 77 21 important important ADJ ct-12629 77 22 , , PUNCT ct-12629 77 23 as as SCONJ ct-12629 77 24 many many ADJ ct-12629 77 25 cria cria NOUN ct-12629 77 26 are be AUX ct-12629 77 27 sold sell VERB ct-12629 77 28 as as ADP ct-12629 77 29 breeding breed VERB ct-12629 77 30 stock stock NOUN ct-12629 77 31 in in ADP ct-12629 77 32 this this DET ct-12629 77 33 region region NOUN ct-12629 77 34 . . PUNCT ct-12629 78 1 the the DET ct-12629 78 2 small small ADJ ct-12629 78 3 sample sample NOUN ct-12629 78 4 size size NOUN ct-12629 78 5 in in ADP ct-12629 78 6 comparison comparison NOUN ct-12629 78 7 to to ADP ct-12629 78 8 the the DET ct-12629 78 9 overall overall ADJ ct-12629 78 10 sacs sac NOUN ct-12629 78 11 caseload caseload NOUN ct-12629 78 12 of of ADP ct-12629 78 13 this this DET ct-12629 78 14 tertiary tertiary ADJ ct-12629 78 15 referral referral ADJ ct-12629 78 16 hospital hospital NOUN ct-12629 78 17 was be AUX ct-12629 78 18 surprising surprising ADJ ct-12629 78 19 , , PUNCT ct-12629 78 20 but but CCONJ ct-12629 78 21 may may AUX ct-12629 78 22 attest attest VERB ct-12629 78 23 to to ADP ct-12629 78 24 the the DET ct-12629 78 25 infrequent infrequent ADJ ct-12629 78 26 nature nature NOUN ct-12629 78 27 of of ADP ct-12629 78 28 dystocia dystocia NOUN ct-12629 78 29 in in ADP ct-12629 78 30 sacs sac NOUN ct-12629 78 31 . . PUNCT ct-12629 79 1 in in ADP ct-12629 79 2 2024 2024 NUM ct-12629 79 3 , , PUNCT ct-12629 79 4 our our PRON ct-12629 79 5 teaching teaching NOUN ct-12629 79 6 hospital hospital NOUN ct-12629 79 7 had have VERB ct-12629 79 8 an an DET ct-12629 79 9 average average ADJ ct-12629 79 10 caseload caseload NOUN ct-12629 79 11 of of ADP ct-12629 79 12 97 97 NUM ct-12629 79 13 sacs sac NOUN ct-12629 79 14 / / SYM ct-12629 79 15 year year NOUN ct-12629 79 16 compared compare VERB ct-12629 79 17 to to ADP ct-12629 79 18 an an DET ct-12629 79 19 average average NOUN ct-12629 79 20 of of ADP ct-12629 79 21 only only ADV ct-12629 79 22 1.7 1.7 NUM ct-12629 79 23 sacs sac NOUN ct-12629 79 24 dystocia dystocia NOUN ct-12629 79 25 cases case NOUN ct-12629 79 26 . . PUNCT ct-12629 80 1 further further ADJ ct-12629 80 2 investigations investigation NOUN ct-12629 80 3 into into ADP ct-12629 80 4 the the DET ct-12629 80 5 long long ADJ ct-12629 80 6 - - PUNCT ct-12629 80 7 term term NOUN ct-12629 80 8 survivability survivability NOUN ct-12629 80 9 of of ADP ct-12629 80 10 cria cria NOUN ct-12629 80 11 and and CCONJ ct-12629 80 12 their their PRON ct-12629 80 13 breeding breeding NOUN ct-12629 80 14 soundness soundness NOUN ct-12629 80 15 after after ADP ct-12629 80 16 dystocia dystocia NOUN ct-12629 80 17 would would AUX ct-12629 80 18 be be AUX ct-12629 80 19 beneficial beneficial ADJ ct-12629 80 20 to to PART ct-12629 80 21 educate educate VERB ct-12629 80 22 owners owner NOUN ct-12629 80 23 and and CCONJ ct-12629 80 24 to to PART ct-12629 80 25 make make VERB ct-12629 80 26 proper proper ADJ ct-12629 80 27 treatment treatment NOUN ct-12629 80 28 decisions decision NOUN ct-12629 80 29 . . PUNCT ct-12629 80 30     SPACE ct-12629 80 31 additionally additionally ADV ct-12629 80 32 , , PUNCT ct-12629 80 33 as as SCONJ ct-12629 80 34 information information NOUN ct-12629 80 35 regarding regard VERB ct-12629 80 36 duration duration NOUN ct-12629 80 37 of of ADP ct-12629 80 38 dystocia dystocia NOUN ct-12629 80 39 was be AUX ct-12629 80 40 missing miss VERB ct-12629 80 41 in in ADP ct-12629 80 42 many many ADJ ct-12629 80 43 medical medical ADJ ct-12629 80 44 records record NOUN ct-12629 80 45 evaluated evaluate VERB ct-12629 80 46 , , PUNCT ct-12629 80 47 a a DET ct-12629 80 48 future future ADJ ct-12629 80 49 study study NOUN ct-12629 80 50 investigating investigate VERB ct-12629 80 51 the the DET ct-12629 80 52 relationship relationship NOUN ct-12629 80 53 between between ADP ct-12629 80 54 dystocia dystocia NOUN ct-12629 80 55 duration duration NOUN ct-12629 80 56 and and CCONJ ct-12629 80 57 interval interval NOUN ct-12629 80 58 to to ADP ct-12629 80 59 patient patient ADJ ct-12629 80 60 assessment assessment NOUN ct-12629 80 61 would would AUX ct-12629 80 62 better well ADV ct-12629 80 63 inform inform VERB ct-12629 80 64 how how SCONJ ct-12629 80 65 intervention intervention ADJ ct-12629 80 66 interval interval NOUN ct-12629 80 67 impacts impact VERB ct-12629 80 68 patient patient ADJ ct-12629 80 69 outcome outcome NOUN ct-12629 80 70 . . PUNCT ct-12629 81 1 furthermore furthermore ADV ct-12629 81 2 , , PUNCT ct-12629 81 3 understanding understand VERB ct-12629 81 4 individual individual ADJ ct-12629 81 5 predisposition predisposition NOUN ct-12629 81 6 for for ADP ct-12629 81 7 dystocia dystocia NOUN ct-12629 81 8 would would AUX ct-12629 81 9 benefit benefit VERB ct-12629 81 10 both both DET ct-12629 81 11 owners owner NOUN ct-12629 81 12 and and CCONJ ct-12629 81 13 clinicians clinician NOUN ct-12629 81 14 . . PUNCT ct-12629 82 1 http://dx.doi.org/10.58292/ct.v17.12629 http://dx.doi.org/10.58292/ct.v17.12629 PROPN ct-12629 82 2 citation citation NOUN ct-12629 82 3 : : PUNCT ct-12629 82 4 clinical clinical ADJ ct-12629 82 5 theriogenology theriogenology NOUN ct-12629 82 6 2025 2025 NUM ct-12629 82 7 , , PUNCT ct-12629 82 8 17 17 NUM ct-12629 82 9 , , PUNCT ct-12629 82 10 12629 12629 NUM ct-12629 82 11 , , PUNCT ct-12629 82 12 http://dx.doi.org/10.58292/ct.v17.12629 http://dx.doi.org/10.58292/ct.v17.12629 PROPN ct-12629 82 13 5 5 NUM ct-12629 82 14 conclusion conclusion NOUN ct-12629 82 15 effective effective ADJ ct-12629 82 16 case case NOUN ct-12629 82 17 management management NOUN ct-12629 82 18 of of ADP ct-12629 82 19 sacs sac NOUN ct-12629 82 20 dystocia dystocia NOUN ct-12629 82 21 requires require VERB ct-12629 82 22 swift swift ADJ ct-12629 82 23 action action NOUN ct-12629 82 24 , , PUNCT ct-12629 82 25 appropriate appropriate ADJ ct-12629 82 26 knowledge knowledge NOUN ct-12629 82 27 of of ADP ct-12629 82 28 species specie NOUN ct-12629 82 29 anatomy anatomy NOUN ct-12629 82 30 and and CCONJ ct-12629 82 31 physiology physiology NOUN ct-12629 82 32 , , PUNCT ct-12629 82 33 and and CCONJ ct-12629 82 34 species specie NOUN ct-12629 82 35 - - PUNCT ct-12629 82 36 specific specific ADJ ct-12629 82 37 approaches approach NOUN ct-12629 82 38 ; ; PUNCT ct-12629 82 39 when when SCONJ ct-12629 82 40 these these DET ct-12629 82 41 practices practice NOUN ct-12629 82 42 are be AUX ct-12629 82 43 put put VERB ct-12629 82 44 into into ADP ct-12629 82 45 place place NOUN ct-12629 82 46 , , PUNCT ct-12629 82 47 a a DET ct-12629 82 48 favorable favorable ADJ ct-12629 82 49 outcome outcome NOUN ct-12629 82 50 is be AUX ct-12629 82 51 likely likely ADJ ct-12629 82 52 . . PUNCT ct-12629 83 1 it it PRON ct-12629 83 2 is be AUX ct-12629 83 3 evident evident ADJ ct-12629 83 4 from from ADP ct-12629 83 5 this this DET ct-12629 83 6 report report NOUN ct-12629 83 7 that that SCONJ ct-12629 83 8 favorable favorable ADJ ct-12629 83 9 outcome outcome NOUN ct-12629 83 10 and and CCONJ ct-12629 83 11 cria cria PROPN ct-12629 83 12 survival survival NOUN ct-12629 83 13 were be AUX ct-12629 83 14 , , PUNCT ct-12629 83 15 in in ADP ct-12629 83 16 general general ADJ ct-12629 83 17 due due ADP ct-12629 83 18 to to ADP ct-12629 83 19 veterinarians veterinarian NOUN ct-12629 83 20 ’ ' PUNCT ct-12629 83 21 and and CCONJ ct-12629 83 22 owners owner NOUN ct-12629 83 23 ’ ' PUNCT ct-12629 83 24 awareness awareness NOUN ct-12629 83 25 of of ADP ct-12629 83 26 abnormalities abnormality NOUN ct-12629 83 27 in in ADP ct-12629 83 28 parturition parturition NOUN ct-12629 83 29 , , PUNCT ct-12629 83 30 comprehensive comprehensive ADJ ct-12629 83 31 case case NOUN ct-12629 83 32 workup workup NOUN ct-12629 83 33 at at ADP ct-12629 83 34 the the DET ct-12629 83 35 hospital hospital NOUN ct-12629 83 36 , , PUNCT ct-12629 83 37 and and CCONJ ct-12629 83 38 effective effective ADJ ct-12629 83 39 case case NOUN ct-12629 83 40 management management NOUN ct-12629 83 41 ( ( PUNCT ct-12629 83 42 assisted assist VERB ct-12629 83 43 vaginal vaginal ADJ ct-12629 83 44 delivery delivery NOUN ct-12629 83 45 or or CCONJ ct-12629 83 46 cesarian cesarian ADJ ct-12629 83 47 delivery delivery NOUN ct-12629 83 48 ) ) PUNCT ct-12629 83 49 . . PUNCT ct-12629 84 1 cria cria PROPN ct-12629 84 2 survival survival PROPN ct-12629 84 3 did do AUX ct-12629 84 4 not not PART ct-12629 84 5 differ differ VERB ct-12629 84 6 between between ADP ct-12629 84 7 assisted assist VERB ct-12629 84 8 vaginal vaginal ADJ ct-12629 84 9 delivery delivery NOUN ct-12629 84 10 and and CCONJ ct-12629 84 11 cesarian cesarian ADJ ct-12629 84 12 delivery delivery NOUN ct-12629 84 13 , , PUNCT ct-12629 84 14 was be AUX ct-12629 84 15 not not PART ct-12629 84 16 affected affect VERB ct-12629 84 17 by by ADP ct-12629 84 18 fetal fetal ADJ ct-12629 84 19 malposition malposition NOUN ct-12629 84 20 , , PUNCT ct-12629 84 21 with with ADP ct-12629 84 22 many many ADJ ct-12629 84 23 still still ADV ct-12629 84 24 alive alive ADJ ct-12629 84 25 after after ADP ct-12629 84 26 at at ADV ct-12629 84 27 least least ADV ct-12629 84 28 1 1 NUM ct-12629 84 29 year year NOUN ct-12629 84 30 later later ADV ct-12629 84 31 . . PUNCT ct-12629 85 1 finally finally ADV ct-12629 85 2 , , PUNCT ct-12629 85 3 with with ADP ct-12629 85 4 appropriate appropriate ADJ ct-12629 85 5 management management NOUN ct-12629 85 6 , , PUNCT ct-12629 85 7 dystocia dystocia NOUN ct-12629 85 8 in in ADP ct-12629 85 9 sacs sac NOUN ct-12629 85 10 has have VERB ct-12629 85 11 excellent excellent ADJ ct-12629 85 12 prognosis prognosis NOUN ct-12629 85 13 for for ADP ct-12629 85 14 dam dam NOUN ct-12629 85 15 and and CCONJ ct-12629 85 16 cria cria PROPN ct-12629 85 17 . . PUNCT ct-12629 86 1 conflict conflict NOUN ct-12629 86 2 of of ADP ct-12629 86 3 interest interest NOUN ct-12629 86 4 none none NOUN ct-12629 86 5 to to PART ct-12629 86 6 report report VERB ct-12629 86 7 . . PUNCT ct-12629 87 1 references reference NOUN ct-12629 87 2 1 1 NUM ct-12629 87 3 . . PUNCT ct-12629 88 1 rodriquez rodriquez PROPN ct-12629 88 2 j j PROPN ct-12629 88 3 , , PUNCT ct-12629 88 4 pearson pearson PROPN ct-12629 88 5 l l PROPN ct-12629 88 6 , , PUNCT ct-12629 88 7 tibary tibary NOUN ct-12629 88 8 a a DET ct-12629 88 9 : : PUNCT ct-12629 88 10 parturition parturition NOUN ct-12629 88 11 and and CCONJ ct-12629 88 12 obstetrics obstetric NOUN ct-12629 88 13 . . PUNCT ct-12629 89 1 in in ADP ct-12629 89 2 : : PUNCT ct-12629 89 3 cebra cebra PROPN ct-12629 89 4 c c X ct-12629 89 5 , , PUNCT ct-12629 89 6 van van PROPN ct-12629 89 7 saun saun PROPN ct-12629 89 8 rj rj PROPN ct-12629 89 9 , , PUNCT ct-12629 89 10 anderson anderson PROPN ct-12629 89 11 de de PROPN ct-12629 89 12 , , PUNCT ct-12629 89 13 et et PROPN ct-12629 89 14 al al PROPN ct-12629 89 15 : : PUNCT ct-12629 89 16 editors editor NOUN ct-12629 89 17 . . PUNCT ct-12629 90 1 llama llama PROPN ct-12629 90 2 and and CCONJ ct-12629 90 3 alpaca alpaca NOUN ct-12629 90 4 care care NOUN ct-12629 90 5 : : PUNCT ct-12629 90 6 medicine medicine NOUN ct-12629 90 7 , , PUNCT ct-12629 90 8 surgery surgery NOUN ct-12629 90 9 , , PUNCT ct-12629 90 10 reproduction reproduction NOUN ct-12629 90 11 , , PUNCT ct-12629 90 12 nutrition nutrition NOUN ct-12629 90 13 , , PUNCT ct-12629 90 14 and and CCONJ ct-12629 90 15 herd herd NOUN ct-12629 90 16 health health NOUN ct-12629 90 17 . . PUNCT ct-12629 91 1 ist ist PROPN ct-12629 91 2 edition edition NOUN ct-12629 91 3 , , PUNCT ct-12629 91 4 philadelphia philadelphia PROPN ct-12629 91 5 ; ; PUNCT ct-12629 91 6 elsevier elsevier NOUN ct-12629 91 7 : : PUNCT ct-12629 91 8 2013 2013 NUM ct-12629 91 9 . . PUNCT ct-12629 92 1 p. p. NOUN ct-12629 92 2 274 274 NUM ct-12629 92 3 - - SYM ct-12629 92 4 285 285 NUM ct-12629 92 5 . . PUNCT ct-12629 93 1 2 2 NUM ct-12629 93 2 . . X ct-12629 93 3 tibary tibary PROPN ct-12629 93 4 ad ad NOUN ct-12629 93 5 : : PUNCT ct-12629 93 6 camelid camelid PROPN ct-12629 93 7 dystocia dystocia NOUN ct-12629 93 8 and and CCONJ ct-12629 93 9 neonatal neonatal ADJ ct-12629 93 10 care care NOUN ct-12629 93 11 . . PUNCT ct-12629 94 1 large large ADJ ct-12629 94 2 animal animal NOUN ct-12629 94 3 proceedings proceeding NOUN ct-12629 94 4 of of ADP ct-12629 94 5 the the DET ct-12629 94 6 north north ADJ ct-12629 94 7 american american ADJ ct-12629 94 8 veterinary veterinary PROPN ct-12629 94 9 conference conference PROPN ct-12629 94 10 , , PUNCT ct-12629 94 11 orlando orlando PROPN ct-12629 94 12 , , PUNCT ct-12629 94 13 florida florida PROPN ct-12629 94 14 , , PUNCT ct-12629 94 15 usa usa PROPN ct-12629 94 16 , , PUNCT ct-12629 94 17 17 17 NUM ct-12629 94 18 - - SYM ct-12629 94 19 21 21 NUM ct-12629 94 20 january january PROPN ct-12629 94 21 , , PUNCT ct-12629 94 22 2009 2009 NUM ct-12629 94 23 ; ; PUNCT ct-12629 94 24 p. p. NOUN ct-12629 94 25 349 349 NUM ct-12629 94 26 - - SYM ct-12629 94 27 352 352 NUM ct-12629 94 28 3 3 NUM ct-12629 94 29 . . X ct-12629 94 30 tibary tibary PROPN ct-12629 94 31 a a PRON ct-12629 94 32 , , PUNCT ct-12629 94 33 anouassi anouassi ADP ct-12629 94 34 a a X ct-12629 94 35 , , PUNCT ct-12629 94 36 walker walker PROPN ct-12629 94 37 p p X ct-12629 94 38 : : PUNCT ct-12629 94 39 management management NOUN ct-12629 94 40 of of ADP ct-12629 94 41 dystocia dystocia NOUN ct-12629 94 42 in in ADP ct-12629 94 43 camelids camelid NOUN ct-12629 94 44 . . PUNCT ct-12629 95 1 proc proc PROPN ct-12629 95 2 am be AUX ct-12629 95 3 assoc assoc PROPN ct-12629 95 4 bovine bovine PROPN ct-12629 95 5 pract pract PROPN ct-12629 95 6 2008 2008 NUM ct-12629 95 7 ; ; PUNCT ct-12629 96 1 p. p. NOUN ct-12629 96 2 166 166 NUM ct-12629 96 3 - - SYM ct-12629 96 4 176 176 NUM ct-12629 96 5 . . PUNCT ct-12629 96 6 4 4 NUM ct-12629 96 7 . . X ct-12629 96 8 ali ali PROPN ct-12629 96 9 a a PROPN ct-12629 96 10 , , PUNCT ct-12629 96 11 tharwat tharwat NOUN ct-12629 96 12 m m PROPN ct-12629 96 13 , , PUNCT ct-12629 96 14 zeitoun zeitoun PROPN ct-12629 96 15 mm mm PROPN ct-12629 96 16 , , PUNCT ct-12629 96 17 et et PROPN ct-12629 96 18 al al PROPN ct-12629 96 19 : : PUNCT ct-12629 96 20 dystocia dystocia NOUN ct-12629 96 21 in in ADP ct-12629 96 22 dromedary dromedary ADJ ct-12629 96 23 camels camel NOUN ct-12629 96 24 : : PUNCT ct-12629 96 25 prevalence prevalence NOUN ct-12629 96 26 , , PUNCT ct-12629 96 27 forms form NOUN ct-12629 96 28 , , PUNCT ct-12629 96 29 risks risk NOUN ct-12629 96 30 and and CCONJ ct-12629 96 31 hematobiochemical hematobiochemical ADJ ct-12629 96 32 changes change NOUN ct-12629 96 33 . . PUNCT ct-12629 97 1 anim anim NOUN ct-12629 97 2 reprod reprod PROPN ct-12629 97 3 sci sci PROPN ct-12629 97 4 2016;170:149 2016;170:149 PROPN ct-12629 97 5 - - SYM ct-12629 97 6 156 156 NUM ct-12629 97 7 . . PUNCT ct-12629 98 1 doi doi NOUN ct-12629 98 2 : : PUNCT ct-12629 98 3 10.1016 10.1016 NUM ct-12629 98 4 / / SYM ct-12629 98 5 j. j. PROPN ct-12629 98 6 anireprosci.2016.05.004 anireprosci.2016.05.004 PROPN ct-12629 98 7 5 5 NUM ct-12629 98 8 . . PUNCT ct-12629 99 1 mee mee PROPN ct-12629 99 2 jf jf PROPN ct-12629 99 3 : : PUNCT ct-12629 99 4 prevalence prevalence NOUN ct-12629 99 5 and and CCONJ ct-12629 99 6 risk risk NOUN ct-12629 99 7 factors factor NOUN ct-12629 99 8 for for ADP ct-12629 99 9 dystocia dystocia NOUN ct-12629 99 10 in in ADP ct-12629 99 11 dairy dairy NOUN ct-12629 99 12 cattle cattle NOUN ct-12629 99 13 : : PUNCT ct-12629 99 14 a a DET ct-12629 99 15 review review NOUN ct-12629 99 16 . . PUNCT ct-12629 100 1 vet vet NOUN ct-12629 100 2 j j PROPN ct-12629 100 3 2008;176:93 2008;176:93 NUM ct-12629 100 4 - - SYM ct-12629 100 5 101 101 NUM ct-12629 100 6 . . PUNCT ct-12629 101 1 doi doi NOUN ct-12629 101 2 : : PUNCT ct-12629 101 3 10.1016 10.1016 NUM ct-12629 101 4 / / SYM ct-12629 101 5 j.tvjl.2007.12.032 j.tvjl.2007.12.032 PRON ct-12629 101 6 6 6 NUM ct-12629 101 7 . . PUNCT ct-12629 101 8 ellerbrock ellerbrock PROPN ct-12629 101 9 m m PROPN ct-12629 101 10 , , PUNCT ct-12629 101 11 wehrend wehrend VERB ct-12629 101 12 a a DET ct-12629 101 13 : : PUNCT ct-12629 101 14 definition definition NOUN ct-12629 101 15 , , PUNCT ct-12629 101 16 incidence incidence NOUN ct-12629 101 17 and and CCONJ ct-12629 101 18 causes cause NOUN ct-12629 101 19 of of ADP ct-12629 101 20 dystocia dystocia NOUN ct-12629 101 21 in in ADP ct-12629 101 22 horses horse NOUN ct-12629 101 23 a a DET ct-12629 101 24 review review NOUN ct-12629 101 25 of of ADP ct-12629 101 26 the the DET ct-12629 101 27 literature literature NOUN ct-12629 101 28 . . PUNCT ct-12629 102 1 tierarztl tierarztl PROPN ct-12629 102 2 prax prax PROPN ct-12629 102 3 ausg ausg PROPN ct-12629 102 4 g g PROPN ct-12629 102 5 grosstiere grosstiere ADV ct-12629 102 6 nutztiere nutztiere ADV ct-12629 102 7 2023;51:22 2023;51:22 NUM ct-12629 102 8 - - SYM ct-12629 102 9 34 34 NUM ct-12629 102 10 . . PUNCT ct-12629 103 1 doi doi NOUN ct-12629 103 2 : : PUNCT ct-12629 103 3 10.1055 10.1055 NUM ct-12629 103 4 / / SYM ct-12629 103 5 a-2006 a-2006 PROPN ct-12629 103 6 - - PUNCT ct-12629 103 7 9248 9248 NUM ct-12629 103 8 7 7 NUM ct-12629 103 9 . . PUNCT ct-12629 104 1 misaka misaka PROPN ct-12629 104 2 m m PROPN ct-12629 104 3 , , PUNCT ct-12629 104 4 uematsu uematsu PROPN ct-12629 104 5 m m PROPN ct-12629 104 6 , , PUNCT ct-12629 104 7 kitahara kitahara PROPN ct-12629 104 8 g g PROPN ct-12629 104 9 , , PUNCT ct-12629 104 10 et et PROPN ct-12629 104 11 al al PROPN ct-12629 104 12 : : PUNCT ct-12629 104 13 association association NOUN ct-12629 104 14 of of ADP ct-12629 104 15 herd herd NOUN ct-12629 104 16 size size NOUN ct-12629 104 17 with with ADP ct-12629 104 18 stillbirth stillbirth NOUN ct-12629 104 19 and and CCONJ ct-12629 104 20 dystocia dystocia NOUN ct-12629 104 21 rates rate NOUN ct-12629 104 22 in in ADP ct-12629 104 23 japanese japanese ADJ ct-12629 104 24 black black ADJ ct-12629 104 25 cattle cattle NOUN ct-12629 104 26 . . PUNCT ct-12629 105 1 animals animal NOUN ct-12629 105 2 ( ( PUNCT ct-12629 105 3 basel basel PROPN ct-12629 105 4 ) ) PUNCT ct-12629 105 5 2022;12 2022;12 NUM ct-12629 105 6 : : PUNCT ct-12629 105 7 e1994 e1994 ADJ ct-12629 105 8 . . PUNCT ct-12629 106 1 doi doi NOUN ct-12629 106 2 : : PUNCT ct-12629 106 3 10.3390 10.3390 NUM ct-12629 106 4 / / SYM ct-12629 106 5 ani12151994 ani12151994 ADJ ct-12629 106 6 8 8 NUM ct-12629 106 7 . . PUNCT ct-12629 107 1 davis davis PROPN ct-12629 107 2 gh gh PROPN ct-12629 107 3 , , PUNCT ct-12629 107 4 dodds dodds PROPN ct-12629 107 5 kg kg PROPN ct-12629 107 6 , , PUNCT ct-12629 107 7 moore moore PROPN ct-12629 107 8 gh gh PROPN ct-12629 107 9 , , PUNCT ct-12629 107 10 et et PROPN ct-12629 107 11 al al PROPN ct-12629 107 12 : : PUNCT ct-12629 107 13 seasonal seasonal ADJ ct-12629 107 14 effects effect NOUN ct-12629 107 15 on on ADP ct-12629 107 16 gestation gestation NOUN ct-12629 107 17 length length NOUN ct-12629 107 18 and and CCONJ ct-12629 107 19 birth birth NOUN ct-12629 107 20 weight weight NOUN ct-12629 107 21 in in ADP ct-12629 107 22 alpacas alpaca NOUN ct-12629 107 23 . . PUNCT ct-12629 108 1 anim anim NOUN ct-12629 108 2 reprod reprod PROPN ct-12629 108 3 sci sci PROPN ct-12629 108 4 1997;46:297 1997;46:297 PROPN ct-12629 108 5 - - PUNCT ct-12629 108 6 303 303 NUM ct-12629 108 7 . . PUNCT ct-12629 109 1 doi doi NOUN ct-12629 109 2 : : PUNCT ct-12629 109 3 10.1016 10.1016 NUM ct-12629 109 4 / / SYM ct-12629 109 5 s0378 s0378 PROPN ct-12629 109 6 - - PUNCT ct-12629 109 7 4320(96)01611 4320(96)01611 NUM ct-12629 109 8 - - ADJ ct-12629 109 9 9 9 NUM ct-12629 109 10 9 9 NUM ct-12629 109 11 . . PUNCT ct-12629 109 12 rossdale rossdale PROPN ct-12629 109 13 pd pd PROPN ct-12629 109 14 , , PUNCT ct-12629 109 15 short short PROPN ct-12629 109 16 rv rv PROPN ct-12629 109 17 : : PUNCT ct-12629 109 18 the the DET ct-12629 109 19 time time NOUN ct-12629 109 20 of of ADP ct-12629 109 21 foaling foaling NOUN ct-12629 109 22 of of ADP ct-12629 109 23 thoroughbred thoroughbred ADJ ct-12629 109 24 mares mare NOUN ct-12629 109 25 . . PUNCT ct-12629 110 1 j j PROPN ct-12629 110 2 reprod reprod PROPN ct-12629 110 3 fertil fertil VERB ct-12629 110 4 1967;13:341 1967;13:341 PROPN ct-12629 110 5 - - SYM ct-12629 110 6 343 343 NUM ct-12629 110 7 . . PUNCT ct-12629 111 1 doi doi NOUN ct-12629 111 2 : : PUNCT ct-12629 111 3 10.1530 10.1530 NUM ct-12629 111 4 / / SYM ct-12629 111 5 jrf.0.0130341 jrf.0.0130341 PROPN ct-12629 111 6 10 10 NUM ct-12629 111 7 . . PUNCT ct-12629 112 1 tibary tibary PROPN ct-12629 112 2 a a PRON ct-12629 112 3 , , PUNCT ct-12629 112 4 rodriguez rodriguez PROPN ct-12629 112 5 j j PROPN ct-12629 112 6 , , PUNCT ct-12629 112 7 sandoval sandoval PROPN ct-12629 112 8 s s PART ct-12629 112 9 : : PUNCT ct-12629 112 10 reproductive reproductive ADJ ct-12629 112 11 emergencies emergency NOUN ct-12629 112 12 in in ADP ct-12629 112 13     SPACE ct-12629 112 14 camelids camelid NOUN ct-12629 112 15 . . PUNCT ct-12629 113 1 theriogenology theriogenology NOUN ct-12629 113 2 2008;70:515 2008;70:515 NOUN ct-12629 113 3 - - PUNCT ct-12629 113 4 534 534 NUM ct-12629 113 5 . . PUNCT ct-12629 114 1 doi doi NOUN ct-12629 114 2 : : PUNCT ct-12629 114 3 10.1016 10.1016 NUM ct-12629 114 4 / / SYM ct-12629 114 5 j. j. PROPN ct-12629 114 6 theriogenology theriogenology PROPN ct-12629 114 7 . . PUNCT ct-12629 115 1 2008.04.024 2008.04.024 NUM ct-12629 115 2 11 11 NUM ct-12629 115 3 . . PUNCT ct-12629 116 1 ferrer ferrer PROPN ct-12629 116 2 ms ms PROPN ct-12629 116 3 , , PUNCT ct-12629 116 4 jones jones PROPN ct-12629 116 5 m m PROPN ct-12629 116 6 , , PUNCT ct-12629 116 7 anderson anderson PROPN ct-12629 116 8 de de PROPN ct-12629 116 9 , , PUNCT ct-12629 116 10 et et PROPN ct-12629 116 11 al al PROPN ct-12629 116 12 : : PUNCT ct-12629 116 13 ultrasonographic ultrasonographic ADJ ct-12629 116 14 parameters parameter NOUN ct-12629 116 15 of of ADP ct-12629 116 16 fetal fetal ADJ ct-12629 116 17 well well ADV ct-12629 116 18 - - PUNCT ct-12629 116 19 being being NOUN ct-12629 116 20 and and CCONJ ct-12629 116 21 development development NOUN ct-12629 116 22 in in ADP ct-12629 116 23 alpacas alpaca NOUN ct-12629 116 24 . . PUNCT ct-12629 117 1 theriogenology theriogenology NOUN ct-12629 117 2 2013;79:1236 2013;79:1236 NUM ct-12629 117 3 - - SYM ct-12629 117 4 1246 1246 NUM ct-12629 117 5 . . PUNCT ct-12629 118 1 doi doi NOUN ct-12629 118 2 : : PUNCT ct-12629 118 3 10.1016 10.1016 NUM ct-12629 118 4 / / SYM ct-12629 118 5 j.theriogenology.2013.03.011 j.theriogenology.2013.03.011 PROPN ct-12629 118 6 12 12 NUM ct-12629 118 7 . . PUNCT ct-12629 119 1 anderson anderson PROPN ct-12629 119 2 de de PROPN ct-12629 119 3 : : PUNCT ct-12629 119 4 uterine uterine ADJ ct-12629 119 5 torsion torsion NOUN ct-12629 119 6 and and CCONJ ct-12629 119 7 cesarean cesarean ADJ ct-12629 119 8 section section NOUN ct-12629 119 9 in in ADP ct-12629 119 10 llamas llama NOUN ct-12629 119 11 and and CCONJ ct-12629 119 12 alpacas alpaca NOUN ct-12629 119 13 . . PUNCT ct-12629 120 1 vet vet NOUN ct-12629 120 2 clin clin PROPN ct-12629 120 3 north north PROPN ct-12629 120 4 am be AUX ct-12629 120 5 food food NOUN ct-12629 120 6 anim anim NOUN ct-12629 120 7 pract pract PROPN ct-12629 120 8 2009;25:523 2009;25:523 PROPN ct-12629 120 9 - - SYM ct-12629 120 10 538 538 NUM ct-12629 120 11 . . PUNCT ct-12629 121 1 doi doi NOUN ct-12629 121 2 : : PUNCT ct-12629 121 3 10.1016 10.1016 NUM ct-12629 121 4 / / SYM ct-12629 121 5 j.cvfa.2009.02.002 j.cvfa.2009.02.002 ADP ct-12629 121 6 13 13 NUM ct-12629 121 7 . . PUNCT ct-12629 122 1 ismail ismail PROPN ct-12629 122 2 zb zb PROPN ct-12629 122 3 : : PUNCT ct-12629 122 4 epidural epidural ADJ ct-12629 122 5 analgesia analgesia NOUN ct-12629 122 6 in in ADP ct-12629 122 7 cattle cattle NOUN ct-12629 122 8 , , PUNCT ct-12629 122 9 buffalo buffalo NOUN ct-12629 122 10 , , PUNCT ct-12629 122 11 and and CCONJ ct-12629 122 12 camels camel NOUN ct-12629 122 13 . . PUNCT ct-12629 123 1 vet vet NOUN ct-12629 123 2 world world NOUN ct-12629 123 3 2016;9:1450 2016;9:1450 PROPN ct-12629 123 4 - - PUNCT ct-12629 123 5 1455 1455 NUM ct-12629 123 6 . . PUNCT ct-12629 124 1 doi doi NOUN ct-12629 124 2 : : PUNCT ct-12629 124 3 10.58292 10.58292 NUM ct-12629 124 4 / / SYM ct-12629 124 5 ct.v15.9639 ct.v15.9639 PROPN ct-12629 124 6 14 14 NUM ct-12629 124 7 . . PUNCT ct-12629 125 1 waqas waqas PROPN ct-12629 125 2 ms ms PROPN ct-12629 125 3 , , PUNCT ct-12629 125 4 campbell campbell PROPN ct-12629 125 5 a a X ct-12629 125 6 , , PUNCT ct-12629 125 7 arroyo arroyo PROPN ct-12629 125 8 e e NOUN ct-12629 125 9 , , PUNCT ct-12629 125 10 et et PROPN ct-12629 125 11 al al PROPN ct-12629 125 12 : : PUNCT ct-12629 125 13 cesarean cesarean ADJ ct-12629 125 14 section section NOUN ct-12629 125 15 in in ADP ct-12629 125 16 camelids camelid NOUN ct-12629 125 17 : : PUNCT ct-12629 125 18 indications indication NOUN ct-12629 125 19 , , PUNCT ct-12629 125 20 technique technique NOUN ct-12629 125 21 , , PUNCT ct-12629 125 22 survival survival NOUN ct-12629 125 23 , , PUNCT ct-12629 125 24 and and CCONJ ct-12629 125 25 postoperative postoperative ADJ ct-12629 125 26 fertility fertility NOUN ct-12629 125 27 . . PUNCT ct-12629 126 1 clinical clinical ADJ ct-12629 126 2 theriogenology theriogenology NOUN ct-12629 126 3 2023;15:82 2023;15:82 PROPN ct-12629 126 4 - - SYM ct-12629 126 5 86 86 NUM ct-12629 126 6 . . PUNCT ct-12629 127 1 doi doi NOUN ct-12629 127 2 : : PUNCT ct-12629 127 3 10.58292 10.58292 NUM ct-12629 127 4 / / SYM ct-12629 127 5 ct.v15.9639 ct.v15.9639 PROPN ct-12629 127 6 15 15 NUM ct-12629 127 7 . . PUNCT ct-12629 128 1 anderson anderson PROPN ct-12629 128 2 de de PROPN ct-12629 128 3 , , PUNCT ct-12629 128 4 matt matt PROPN ct-12629 128 5 m m PROPN ct-12629 128 6 , , PUNCT ct-12629 128 7 meredyth meredyth PROPN ct-12629 128 8 j j PROPN ct-12629 128 9 : : PUNCT ct-12629 128 10 editors editor NOUN ct-12629 128 11 . . PUNCT ct-12629 129 1 veterinary veterinary ADJ ct-12629 129 2 techniques technique NOUN ct-12629 129 3 in in ADP ct-12629 129 4 llamas llama NOUN ct-12629 129 5 and and CCONJ ct-12629 129 6 alpacas alpaca NOUN ct-12629 129 7 . . PUNCT ct-12629 130 1 2nd 2nd PROPN ct-12629 130 2 edition edition PROPN ct-12629 130 3 , , PUNCT ct-12629 130 4 ames ame NOUN ct-12629 130 5 ; ; PUNCT ct-12629 130 6 wiley wiley PROPN ct-12629 130 7 blackwell blackwell PROPN ct-12629 130 8 : : PUNCT ct-12629 130 9 2023 2023 NUM ct-12629 130 10 . . PUNCT ct-12629 131 1 p. p. NOUN ct-12629 131 2 243 243 NUM ct-12629 131 3 - - SYM ct-12629 131 4 246 246 NUM ct-12629 131 5 . . PUNCT ct-12629 132 1 16 16 NUM ct-12629 132 2 . . PUNCT ct-12629 133 1 miller miller PROPN ct-12629 133 2 ba ba PROPN ct-12629 133 3 , , PUNCT ct-12629 133 4 brounts brount VERB ct-12629 133 5 sh sh PROPN ct-12629 133 6 , , PUNCT ct-12629 133 7 anderson anderson PROPN ct-12629 133 8 de de PROPN ct-12629 133 9 , , PUNCT ct-12629 133 10 et et PROPN ct-12629 133 11 al al PROPN ct-12629 133 12 : : PUNCT ct-12629 133 13 cesarean cesarean ADJ ct-12629 133 14 section section NOUN ct-12629 133 15 in in ADP ct-12629 133 16 alpacas alpaca NOUN ct-12629 133 17 and and CCONJ ct-12629 133 18 llamas llama NOUN ct-12629 133 19 : : PUNCT ct-12629 133 20 34 34 NUM ct-12629 133 21 cases case NOUN ct-12629 133 22 ( ( PUNCT ct-12629 133 23 1997 1997 NUM ct-12629 133 24 - - SYM ct-12629 133 25 2010 2010 NUM ct-12629 133 26 ) ) PUNCT ct-12629 133 27 . . PUNCT ct-12629 134 1 j j PROPN ct-12629 134 2 am be AUX ct-12629 134 3 vet vet NOUN ct-12629 134 4 med med ADJ ct-12629 134 5 assoc assoc PROPN ct-12629 134 6 2013;242:670 2013;242:670 PROPN ct-12629 134 7 - - SYM ct-12629 134 8 674 674 NUM ct-12629 134 9 . . PUNCT ct-12629 135 1 doi doi NOUN ct-12629 135 2 : : PUNCT ct-12629 135 3 10.2460 10.2460 NUM ct-12629 135 4 / / SYM ct-12629 135 5 javma.242.5.670 javma.242.5.670 PROPN ct-12629 135 6 17 17 NUM ct-12629 135 7 . . PUNCT ct-12629 136 1 pinn pinn PROPN ct-12629 136 2 tl tl PROPN ct-12629 136 3 , , PUNCT ct-12629 136 4 gagliardo gagliardo PROPN ct-12629 136 5 lf lf PROPN ct-12629 136 6 , , PUNCT ct-12629 136 7 purdy purdy PROPN ct-12629 136 8 sr sr PROPN ct-12629 136 9 , , PUNCT ct-12629 136 10 et et PROPN ct-12629 136 11 al al PROPN ct-12629 136 12 : : PUNCT ct-12629 136 13 comparison comparison NOUN ct-12629 136 14 of of ADP ct-12629 136 15 three three NUM ct-12629 136 16 immunoglobulin immunoglobulin NOUN ct-12629 136 17 g g NOUN ct-12629 136 18 assays assay NOUN ct-12629 136 19 for for ADP ct-12629 136 20 the the DET ct-12629 136 21 diagnosis diagnosis NOUN ct-12629 136 22 of of ADP ct-12629 136 23 failure failure NOUN ct-12629 136 24 of of ADP ct-12629 136 25 passive passive ADJ ct-12629 136 26 transfer transfer NOUN ct-12629 136 27 of of ADP ct-12629 136 28 immunity immunity NOUN ct-12629 136 29 in in ADP ct-12629 136 30 neonatal neonatal ADJ ct-12629 136 31 alpacas alpaca NOUN ct-12629 136 32 . . PUNCT ct-12629 137 1 j j PROPN ct-12629 137 2 vet vet PROPN ct-12629 137 3 diagn diagn PROPN ct-12629 137 4 invest invest VERB ct-12629 137 5 2013;25:91 2013;25:91 NUM ct-12629 137 6 - - SYM ct-12629 137 7 98 98 NUM ct-12629 137 8 . . 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