id sid tid token lemma pos ct-13050 1 1 1 1 NUM ct-13050 1 2 contact contact NOUN ct-13050 1 3 margaret margaret PROPN ct-13050 1 4 root root PROPN ct-13050 1 5 kustritz kustritz PROPN ct-13050 1 6 peggy@drpeggyroot.com peggy@drpeggyroot.com PROPN ct-13050 2 1 © © PROPN ct-13050 2 2 2025 2025 NUM ct-13050 2 3 the the DET ct-13050 2 4 author(s author(s NOUN ct-13050 2 5 ) ) PUNCT ct-13050 2 6 . . PUNCT ct-13050 3 1 this this PRON ct-13050 3 2 is be AUX ct-13050 3 3 an an DET ct-13050 3 4 open open ADJ ct-13050 3 5 access access NOUN ct-13050 3 6 article article NOUN ct-13050 3 7 distributed distribute VERB ct-13050 3 8 under under ADP ct-13050 3 9 the the DET ct-13050 3 10 terms term NOUN ct-13050 3 11 of of ADP ct-13050 3 12 the the DET ct-13050 3 13 creative creative ADJ ct-13050 3 14 commons common NOUN ct-13050 3 15 attribution attribution NOUN ct-13050 3 16 - - PUNCT ct-13050 3 17 noncommercial noncommercial ADJ ct-13050 3 18 4.0 4.0 NUM ct-13050 3 19 international international ADJ ct-13050 3 20 license license NOUN ct-13050 3 21 ( ( PUNCT ct-13050 3 22 http:// http:// PROPN ct-13050 3 23 creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ NOUN ct-13050 3 24 ) ) PUNCT ct-13050 3 25 , , PUNCT ct-13050 3 26 permitting permit VERB ct-13050 3 27 all all DET ct-13050 3 28 noncommercial noncommercial ADJ ct-13050 3 29 use use NOUN ct-13050 3 30 , , PUNCT ct-13050 3 31 distribution distribution NOUN ct-13050 3 32 , , PUNCT ct-13050 3 33 and and CCONJ ct-13050 3 34 reproduction reproduction NOUN ct-13050 3 35 in in ADP ct-13050 3 36 any any DET ct-13050 3 37 medium medium NOUN ct-13050 3 38 , , PUNCT ct-13050 3 39 provided provide VERB ct-13050 3 40 the the DET ct-13050 3 41 original original ADJ ct-13050 3 42 work work NOUN ct-13050 3 43 is be AUX ct-13050 3 44 properly properly ADV ct-13050 3 45 cited cite VERB ct-13050 3 46 . . PUNCT ct-13050 4 1 citation citation NOUN ct-13050 4 2 : : PUNCT ct-13050 4 3 clinical clinical ADJ ct-13050 4 4 theriogenology theriogenology NOUN ct-13050 4 5 2025 2025 NUM ct-13050 4 6 , , PUNCT ct-13050 4 7 17 17 NUM ct-13050 4 8 , , PUNCT ct-13050 4 9 13050 13050 NUM ct-13050 4 10 , , PUNCT ct-13050 4 11 http://dx.doi.org/10.58292/ct.v17.13050 http://dx.doi.org/10.58292/ct.v17.13050 PROPN ct-13050 4 12 case case NOUN ct-13050 4 13 report report VERB ct-13050 4 14 testicular testicular ADJ ct-13050 4 15 microlithiasis microlithiasis NOUN ct-13050 4 16 in in ADP ct-13050 4 17 two two NUM ct-13050 4 18 dogs dog NOUN ct-13050 4 19 margaret margaret PROPN ct-13050 4 20 root root PROPN ct-13050 4 21 kustritz kustritz PROPN ct-13050 4 22 , , PUNCT ct-13050 4 23 a‡ a‡ VERB ct-13050 4 24 michelle michelle PROPN ct-13050 4 25 kissnerb kissnerb PROPN ct-13050 4 26 adepartment adepartment PROPN ct-13050 4 27 of of ADP ct-13050 4 28 veterinary veterinary ADJ ct-13050 4 29 clinical clinical ADJ ct-13050 4 30 sciences science NOUN ct-13050 4 31 , , PUNCT ct-13050 4 32 college college NOUN ct-13050 4 33 of of ADP ct-13050 4 34 veterinary veterinary ADJ ct-13050 4 35 medicine medicine NOUN ct-13050 4 36 , , PUNCT ct-13050 4 37 university university NOUN ct-13050 4 38 of of ADP ct-13050 4 39 minnesota minnesota PROPN ct-13050 4 40 , , PUNCT ct-13050 4 41 st st PROPN ct-13050 4 42 . . PROPN ct-13050 4 43 paul paul PROPN ct-13050 4 44 , , PUNCT ct-13050 4 45 mn mn PROPN ct-13050 4 46 , , PUNCT ct-13050 4 47 usa usa PROPN ct-13050 4 48 bveterinary bveterinary PROPN ct-13050 4 49 ultrasound ultrasound PROPN ct-13050 4 50 services services PROPN ct-13050 4 51 , , PUNCT ct-13050 4 52 llc llc PROPN ct-13050 4 53 , , PUNCT ct-13050 4 54 eau eau PROPN ct-13050 4 55 claire claire PROPN ct-13050 4 56 , , PUNCT ct-13050 4 57 wi wi PROPN ct-13050 4 58 , , PUNCT ct-13050 4 59 usa usa PROPN ct-13050 4 60 abstract abstract ADJ ct-13050 4 61 testicular testicular ADJ ct-13050 4 62 microliths microlith NOUN ct-13050 4 63 are be AUX ct-13050 4 64 small small ADJ ct-13050 4 65 areas area NOUN ct-13050 4 66 of of ADP ct-13050 4 67 calcification calcification NOUN ct-13050 4 68 in in ADP ct-13050 4 69 testicular testicular ADJ ct-13050 4 70 tissue tissue NOUN ct-13050 4 71 , , PUNCT ct-13050 4 72 identified identify VERB ct-13050 4 73 ultrasonographically ultrasonographically ADV ct-13050 4 74 as as ADP ct-13050 4 75 diffuse diffuse NOUN ct-13050 4 76 , , PUNCT ct-13050 4 77 punctate punctate NOUN ct-13050 4 78 , , PUNCT ct-13050 4 79 nonshadowing nonshadowing NOUN ct-13050 4 80 , , PUNCT ct-13050 4 81 and and CCONJ ct-13050 4 82 hyperechoic hyperechoic ADJ ct-13050 4 83 foci focus NOUN ct-13050 4 84 . . PUNCT ct-13050 5 1 poor poor ADJ ct-13050 5 2 semen semen NOUN ct-13050 5 3 quality quality NOUN ct-13050 5 4 is be AUX ct-13050 5 5 associated associate VERB ct-13050 5 6 with with ADP ct-13050 5 7 increasing increase VERB ct-13050 5 8 numbers number NOUN ct-13050 5 9 of of ADP ct-13050 5 10 testicular testicular ADJ ct-13050 5 11 microliths microlith NOUN ct-13050 5 12 in in ADP ct-13050 5 13 humans human NOUN ct-13050 5 14 . . PUNCT ct-13050 6 1 there there PRON ct-13050 6 2 is be VERB ct-13050 6 3 much much ADV ct-13050 6 4 less less ADJ ct-13050 6 5 description description NOUN ct-13050 6 6 of of ADP ct-13050 6 7 this this DET ct-13050 6 8 phenomenon phenomenon NOUN ct-13050 6 9 in in ADP ct-13050 6 10 animals animal NOUN ct-13050 6 11 ; ; PUNCT ct-13050 6 12 we we PRON ct-13050 6 13 are be AUX ct-13050 6 14 describing describe VERB ct-13050 6 15 2 2 NUM ct-13050 6 16 dogs dog NOUN ct-13050 6 17 that that PRON ct-13050 6 18 had have VERB ct-13050 6 19 microlithiasis microlithiasis NOUN ct-13050 6 20 . . PUNCT ct-13050 7 1 keywords keyword NOUN ct-13050 7 2 : : PUNCT ct-13050 7 3 dog dog NOUN ct-13050 7 4 , , PUNCT ct-13050 7 5 testis testis NOUN ct-13050 7 6 , , PUNCT ct-13050 7 7 microliths microlith NOUN ct-13050 7 8 , , PUNCT ct-13050 7 9 infertility infertility NOUN ct-13050 7 10 , , PUNCT ct-13050 7 11 ultrasonogrpahy ultrasonogrpahy ADJ ct-13050 7 12 background background NOUN ct-13050 7 13 testicular testicular ADJ ct-13050 7 14 microlithiasis microlithiasis NOUN ct-13050 7 15 ( ( PUNCT ct-13050 7 16 tm tm NOUN ct-13050 7 17 ) ) PUNCT ct-13050 7 18 is be AUX ct-13050 7 19 well well ADV ct-13050 7 20 described describe VERB ct-13050 7 21 in in ADP ct-13050 7 22 the the DET ct-13050 7 23 human human PROPN ct-13050 7 24 medical medical ADJ ct-13050 7 25 literature literature NOUN ct-13050 7 26 but but CCONJ ct-13050 7 27 is be AUX ct-13050 7 28 rarely rarely ADV ct-13050 7 29 described describe VERB ct-13050 7 30 in in ADP ct-13050 7 31 the the DET ct-13050 7 32 veterinary veterinary ADJ ct-13050 7 33 literature literature NOUN ct-13050 7 34 . . PUNCT ct-13050 8 1 these these DET ct-13050 8 2 small small ADJ ct-13050 8 3 calcified calcified ADJ ct-13050 8 4 areas area NOUN ct-13050 8 5 within within ADP ct-13050 8 6 the the DET ct-13050 8 7 testicular testicular ADJ ct-13050 8 8 parenchyma parenchyma NOUN ct-13050 8 9 are be AUX ct-13050 8 10 described describe VERB ct-13050 8 11 ultrasonographically ultrasonographically ADV ct-13050 8 12 as as ADP ct-13050 8 13 diffuse diffuse NOUN ct-13050 8 14 , , PUNCT ct-13050 8 15 punctate punctate NOUN ct-13050 8 16 , , PUNCT ct-13050 8 17 and and CCONJ ct-13050 8 18 nonshadowing nonshadowe VERB ct-13050 8 19 hyperechoic hyperechoic ADJ ct-13050 8 20 foci focus NOUN ct-13050 8 21 , , PUNCT ct-13050 8 22 generally generally ADV ct-13050 8 23 of of ADP ct-13050 8 24 uniform uniform ADJ ct-13050 8 25 size size NOUN ct-13050 8 26 , , PUNCT ct-13050 8 27 throughout throughout ADP ct-13050 8 28 the the DET ct-13050 8 29 testicular testicular ADJ ct-13050 8 30 parenchyma.1 parenchyma.1 NOUN ct-13050 8 31 in in ADP ct-13050 8 32 humans human NOUN ct-13050 8 33 , , PUNCT ct-13050 8 34 this this PRON ct-13050 8 35 is be AUX ct-13050 8 36 further far ADV ct-13050 8 37 differentiated differentiate VERB ct-13050 8 38 into into ADP ct-13050 8 39 classic classic ADJ ct-13050 8 40 tm tm NOUN ct-13050 8 41 ( ( PUNCT ct-13050 8 42 > > X ct-13050 8 43 5 5 NUM ct-13050 8 44 microliths microlith NOUN ct-13050 8 45 in in ADP ct-13050 8 46 at at ADV ct-13050 8 47 least least ADV ct-13050 8 48 1 1 NUM ct-13050 8 49 ultrasound ultrasound NOUN ct-13050 8 50 image image NOUN ct-13050 8 51 ) ) PUNCT ct-13050 8 52 and and CCONJ ct-13050 8 53 limited limited ADJ ct-13050 8 54 tm tm PROPN ct-13050 8 55 ( ( PUNCT ct-13050 8 56 < < X ct-13050 8 57 5 5 NUM ct-13050 8 58 microliths microlith NOUN ct-13050 8 59 on on ADP ct-13050 8 60 all all DET ct-13050 8 61 images).2 images).2 NOUN ct-13050 8 62 there there PRON ct-13050 8 63 is be VERB ct-13050 8 64 a a DET ct-13050 8 65 great great ADJ ct-13050 8 66 body body NOUN ct-13050 8 67 of of ADP ct-13050 8 68 literature literature NOUN ct-13050 8 69 evaluating evaluating NOUN ct-13050 8 70 associations association NOUN ct-13050 8 71 between between ADP ct-13050 8 72 testicular testicular ADJ ct-13050 8 73 microlithiasis microlithiasis NOUN ct-13050 8 74 and and CCONJ ct-13050 8 75 reproductive reproductive ADJ ct-13050 8 76 disease disease NOUN ct-13050 8 77 in in ADP ct-13050 8 78 men man NOUN ct-13050 8 79 , , PUNCT ct-13050 8 80 with with ADP ct-13050 8 81 greatest great ADJ ct-13050 8 82 focus focus NOUN ct-13050 8 83 on on ADP ct-13050 8 84 possible possible ADJ ct-13050 8 85 associations association NOUN ct-13050 8 86 with with ADP ct-13050 8 87 testicular testicular ADJ ct-13050 8 88 neoplasia neoplasia NOUN ct-13050 8 89 and and CCONJ ct-13050 8 90 with with ADP ct-13050 8 91 infertility infertility NOUN ct-13050 8 92 . . PUNCT ct-13050 9 1 some some DET ct-13050 9 2 studies study NOUN ct-13050 9 3 evaluated evaluate VERB ct-13050 9 4 tm tm NOUN ct-13050 9 5 in in ADP ct-13050 9 6 domestic domestic ADJ ct-13050 9 7 and and CCONJ ct-13050 9 8 wild wild ADJ ct-13050 9 9 hoof hoof ADJ ct-13050 9 10 stock stock NOUN ct-13050 9 11 in in ADP ct-13050 9 12 relation relation NOUN ct-13050 9 13 to to ADP ct-13050 9 14 semen semen NOUN ct-13050 9 15 quality.3–5 quality.3–5 NOUN ct-13050 9 16 we we PRON ct-13050 9 17 are be AUX ct-13050 9 18 not not PART ct-13050 9 19 aware aware ADJ ct-13050 9 20 of of ADP ct-13050 9 21 any any DET ct-13050 9 22 reports report NOUN ct-13050 9 23 of of ADP ct-13050 9 24 testicular testicular ADJ ct-13050 9 25 microlithiasis microlithiasis NOUN ct-13050 9 26 in in ADP ct-13050 9 27 dogs dog NOUN ct-13050 9 28 . . PUNCT ct-13050 10 1 case case NOUN ct-13050 10 2 presentation presentation NOUN ct-13050 10 3 case case NOUN ct-13050 10 4 1 1 NUM ct-13050 10 5 : : PUNCT ct-13050 10 6 a a DET ct-13050 10 7 3½ 3½ NUM ct-13050 10 8 year year NOUN ct-13050 10 9 , , PUNCT ct-13050 10 10 intact intact ADJ ct-13050 10 11 male male ADJ ct-13050 10 12 treeing treeing NOUN ct-13050 10 13 walker walker PROPN ct-13050 10 14 coonhound coonhound PROPN ct-13050 10 15 , , PUNCT ct-13050 10 16 was be AUX ct-13050 10 17 presented present VERB ct-13050 10 18 for for ADP ct-13050 10 19 ultrasonographic ultrasonographic ADJ ct-13050 10 20 evaluation evaluation NOUN ct-13050 10 21 of of ADP ct-13050 10 22 the the DET ct-13050 10 23 abdomen abdoman NOUN ct-13050 10 24 and and CCONJ ct-13050 10 25 testes testis NOUN ct-13050 10 26 due due ADP ct-13050 10 27 to to ADP ct-13050 10 28 weight weight NOUN ct-13050 10 29 loss loss NOUN ct-13050 10 30 and and CCONJ ct-13050 10 31 polyphagia polyphagia NOUN ct-13050 10 32 in in ADP ct-13050 10 33 july july PROPN ct-13050 10 34 of of ADP ct-13050 10 35 2021 2021 NUM ct-13050 10 36 . . PUNCT ct-13050 11 1 semen seman NOUN ct-13050 11 2 had have AUX ct-13050 11 3 not not PART ct-13050 11 4 been be AUX ct-13050 11 5 evaluated evaluate VERB ct-13050 11 6 , , PUNCT ct-13050 11 7 but but CCONJ ct-13050 11 8 the the DET ct-13050 11 9 dog dog NOUN ct-13050 11 10 had have AUX ct-13050 11 11 sired sire VERB ct-13050 11 12 a a DET ct-13050 11 13 litter litter NOUN ct-13050 11 14 in in ADP ct-13050 11 15 2020 2020 NUM ct-13050 11 16 . . PUNCT ct-13050 12 1 left leave VERB ct-13050 12 2 testis testis NOUN ct-13050 12 3 appeared appear VERB ct-13050 12 4 normal normal ADJ ct-13050 12 5 and and CCONJ ct-13050 12 6 had have VERB ct-13050 12 7 a a DET ct-13050 12 8 coarse coarse ADJ ct-13050 12 9 medium medium NOUN ct-13050 12 10 echogenicity echogenicity NOUN ct-13050 12 11 throughout throughout ADV ct-13050 12 12 ; ; PUNCT ct-13050 12 13 right right ADJ ct-13050 12 14 testis testis NOUN ct-13050 12 15 contained contain VERB ct-13050 12 16 hyperechoic hyperechoic ADJ ct-13050 12 17 foci focus NOUN ct-13050 12 18 that that PRON ct-13050 12 19 were be AUX ct-13050 12 20 slightly slightly ADV ct-13050 12 21 larger large ADJ ct-13050 12 22 than than ADP ct-13050 12 23 typical typical ADJ ct-13050 12 24 testicular testicular ADJ ct-13050 12 25 microliths microlith NOUN ct-13050 12 26 observed observe VERB ct-13050 12 27 in in ADP ct-13050 12 28 human human ADJ ct-13050 12 29 beings being NOUN ct-13050 12 30 but but CCONJ ct-13050 12 31 were be AUX ct-13050 12 32 identical identical ADJ ct-13050 12 33 to to ADP ct-13050 12 34 tm tm NOUN ct-13050 12 35 in in ADP ct-13050 12 36 all all DET ct-13050 12 37 other other ADJ ct-13050 12 38 aspects aspect NOUN ct-13050 12 39 ( ( PUNCT ct-13050 12 40 figure figure NOUN ct-13050 12 41 1 1 NUM ct-13050 12 42 ) ) PUNCT ct-13050 12 43 . . PUNCT ct-13050 13 1 other other ADJ ct-13050 13 2 findings finding NOUN ct-13050 13 3 on on ADP ct-13050 13 4 abdominal abdominal ADJ ct-13050 13 5 ultrasonography ultrasonography NOUN ct-13050 13 6 included include VERB ct-13050 13 7 a a DET ct-13050 13 8 complex complex ADJ ct-13050 13 9 cystic cystic ADJ ct-13050 13 10 structure structure NOUN ct-13050 13 11 in in ADP ct-13050 13 12 the the DET ct-13050 13 13 right right ADJ ct-13050 13 14 kidney kidney NOUN ct-13050 13 15 . . PUNCT ct-13050 14 1 ultrasonography ultrasonography NOUN ct-13050 14 2 of of ADP ct-13050 14 3 the the DET ct-13050 14 4 testes testis NOUN ct-13050 14 5 was be AUX ct-13050 14 6 repeated repeat VERB ct-13050 14 7 in in ADP ct-13050 14 8 october october PROPN ct-13050 14 9 of of ADP ct-13050 14 10 2021 2021 NUM ct-13050 14 11 and and CCONJ ct-13050 14 12 july july PROPN ct-13050 14 13 of of ADP ct-13050 14 14 2022 2022 NUM ct-13050 14 15 , , PUNCT ct-13050 14 16 with with ADP ct-13050 14 17 no no DET ct-13050 14 18 changes change NOUN ct-13050 14 19 noted note VERB ct-13050 14 20 from from ADP ct-13050 14 21 the the DET ct-13050 14 22 original original ADJ ct-13050 14 23 ultrasonography ultrasonography NOUN ct-13050 14 24 . . PUNCT ct-13050 15 1 in in ADP ct-13050 15 2 october october PROPN ct-13050 15 3 of of ADP ct-13050 15 4 2022 2022 NUM ct-13050 15 5 , , PUNCT ct-13050 15 6 the the DET ct-13050 15 7 dog dog NOUN ct-13050 15 8 was be AUX ct-13050 15 9 castrated castrate VERB ct-13050 15 10 , , PUNCT ct-13050 15 11 due due ADP ct-13050 15 12 to to ADP ct-13050 15 13 concern concern NOUN ct-13050 15 14 about about ADP ct-13050 15 15 testicular testicular ADJ ct-13050 15 16 microlithiasis microlithiasis NOUN ct-13050 15 17 , , PUNCT ct-13050 15 18 a a DET ct-13050 15 19 couple couple NOUN ct-13050 15 20 of of ADP ct-13050 15 21 episodes episode NOUN ct-13050 15 22 of of ADP ct-13050 15 23 prostatitis prostatitis NOUN ct-13050 15 24 , , PUNCT ct-13050 15 25 and and CCONJ ct-13050 15 26 retirement retirement NOUN ct-13050 15 27 from from ADP ct-13050 15 28 breeding breed VERB ct-13050 15 29 . . PUNCT ct-13050 16 1 right right ADJ ct-13050 16 2 testis testis NOUN ct-13050 16 3 was be AUX ct-13050 16 4 submitted submit VERB ct-13050 16 5 for for ADP ct-13050 16 6 histopathology histopathology NOUN ct-13050 16 7 ; ; PUNCT ct-13050 16 8 2 2 NUM ct-13050 16 9 discrete discrete ADJ ct-13050 16 10 and and CCONJ ct-13050 16 11 relatively relatively ADV ct-13050 16 12 small small ADJ ct-13050 16 13 foci focus NOUN ct-13050 16 14 of of ADP ct-13050 16 15 intratubular intratubular ADJ ct-13050 16 16 mineralization mineralization NOUN ct-13050 16 17 accompanied accompany VERB ct-13050 16 18 by by ADP ct-13050 16 19 surrounding surround VERB ct-13050 16 20 fibrosis fibrosis NOUN ct-13050 16 21 were be AUX ct-13050 16 22 noted note VERB ct-13050 16 23 . . PUNCT ct-13050 17 1 in in ADP ct-13050 17 2 these these DET ct-13050 17 3 foci focus NOUN ct-13050 17 4 , , PUNCT ct-13050 17 5 aggregates aggregate NOUN ct-13050 17 6 of of ADP ct-13050 17 7 fragmented fragmented ADJ ct-13050 17 8 basophilic basophilic ADJ ct-13050 17 9 material material NOUN ct-13050 17 10 , , PUNCT ct-13050 17 11 interpreted interpret VERB ct-13050 17 12 to to PART ct-13050 17 13 represent represent VERB ct-13050 17 14 mineralization mineralization NOUN ct-13050 17 15 , , PUNCT ct-13050 17 16 were be AUX ct-13050 17 17 present present ADJ ct-13050 17 18 within within ADP ct-13050 17 19 shrunken shrunken ADJ ct-13050 17 20 seminiferous seminiferous ADJ ct-13050 17 21 tubules tubule NOUN ct-13050 17 22 surrounded surround VERB ct-13050 17 23 by by ADP ct-13050 17 24 a a DET ct-13050 17 25 moderate moderate ADJ ct-13050 17 26 amount amount NOUN ct-13050 17 27 of of ADP ct-13050 17 28 fibrosis fibrosis NOUN ct-13050 17 29 ( ( PUNCT ct-13050 17 30 figures figure NOUN ct-13050 17 31 2–4 2–4 NUM ct-13050 17 32 ) ) PUNCT ct-13050 17 33 without without ADP ct-13050 17 34 associated associated ADJ ct-13050 17 35 inflammation inflammation NOUN ct-13050 17 36 . . PUNCT ct-13050 18 1 case case NOUN ct-13050 18 2 2 2 NUM ct-13050 18 3 : : PUNCT ct-13050 18 4 a a DET ct-13050 18 5 3½ 3½ NUM ct-13050 18 6 year year NOUN ct-13050 18 7 , , PUNCT ct-13050 18 8 intact intact ADJ ct-13050 18 9 male male ADJ ct-13050 18 10 rottweiler rottweiler NOUN ct-13050 18 11 with with ADP ct-13050 18 12 a a DET ct-13050 18 13 history history NOUN ct-13050 18 14 of of ADP ct-13050 18 15 prostate prostate NOUN ct-13050 18 16 disease disease NOUN ct-13050 18 17 was be AUX ct-13050 18 18 presented present VERB ct-13050 18 19 for for ADP ct-13050 18 20 ultrasonographic ultrasonographic ADJ ct-13050 18 21 evaluation evaluation NOUN ct-13050 18 22 in in ADP ct-13050 18 23 february february PROPN ct-13050 18 24 of of ADP ct-13050 18 25 2022 2022 NUM ct-13050 18 26 . . PUNCT ct-13050 19 1 testes testis NOUN ct-13050 19 2 were be AUX ct-13050 19 3 judged judge VERB ct-13050 19 4 to to PART ct-13050 19 5 be be AUX ct-13050 19 6 somewhat somewhat ADV ct-13050 19 7 small small ADJ ct-13050 19 8 and and CCONJ ct-13050 19 9 bilateral bilateral ADJ ct-13050 19 10 testicular testicular ADJ ct-13050 19 11 microlithiasis microlithiasis NOUN ct-13050 19 12 was be AUX ct-13050 19 13 identified identify VERB ct-13050 19 14 ( ( PUNCT ct-13050 19 15 figures figure NOUN ct-13050 19 16 5 5 NUM ct-13050 19 17 and and CCONJ ct-13050 19 18 6 6 NUM ct-13050 19 19 ) ) PUNCT ct-13050 19 20 . . PUNCT ct-13050 20 1 breeding breed VERB ct-13050 20 2 soundness soundness NOUN ct-13050 20 3 examination examination NOUN ct-13050 20 4 was be AUX ct-13050 20 5 performed perform VERB ct-13050 20 6 in in ADP ct-13050 20 7 january january PROPN ct-13050 20 8 of of ADP ct-13050 20 9 2023 2023 NUM ct-13050 20 10 . . PUNCT ct-13050 21 1 abnormalities abnormality NOUN ct-13050 21 2 noted note VERB ct-13050 21 3 on on ADP ct-13050 21 4 general general ADJ ct-13050 21 5 physical physical ADJ ct-13050 21 6 examination examination NOUN ct-13050 21 7 were be AUX ct-13050 21 8 mild mild ADJ ct-13050 21 9 dental dental ADJ ct-13050 21 10 disease disease NOUN ct-13050 21 11 and and CCONJ ct-13050 21 12 a a DET ct-13050 21 13 grade grade NOUN ct-13050 21 14 iii iii NOUN ct-13050 21 15 / / SYM ct-13050 21 16 vi vi NOUN ct-13050 21 17 cardiac cardiac NOUN ct-13050 21 18 murmur murmur NOUN ct-13050 21 19 . . PUNCT ct-13050 22 1 both both DET ct-13050 22 2 testes testis NOUN ct-13050 22 3 were be AUX ct-13050 22 4 small small ADJ ct-13050 22 5 , , PUNCT ct-13050 22 6 with with ADP ct-13050 22 7 an an DET ct-13050 22 8 estimate estimate NOUN ct-13050 22 9 of of ADP ct-13050 22 10 them they PRON ct-13050 22 11 being be AUX ct-13050 22 12 half half DET ct-13050 22 13 the the DET ct-13050 22 14 size size NOUN ct-13050 22 15 expected expect VERB ct-13050 22 16 for for ADP ct-13050 22 17 a a DET ct-13050 22 18 dog dog NOUN ct-13050 22 19 of of ADP ct-13050 22 20 this this DET ct-13050 22 21 breed breed NOUN ct-13050 22 22 and and CCONJ ct-13050 22 23 size size NOUN ct-13050 22 24 . . PUNCT ct-13050 23 1 semen seman NOUN ct-13050 23 2 was be AUX ct-13050 23 3 collected collect VERB ct-13050 23 4 by by ADP ct-13050 23 5 manual manual ADJ ct-13050 23 6 ejaculation ejaculation NOUN ct-13050 23 7 with with ADP ct-13050 23 8 no no DET ct-13050 23 9 teaser teaser NOUN ct-13050 23 10 female female ADJ ct-13050 23 11 dog dog NOUN ct-13050 23 12 present present ADJ ct-13050 23 13 but but CCONJ ct-13050 23 14 with with ADP ct-13050 23 15 exposure exposure NOUN ct-13050 23 16 to to ADP ct-13050 23 17 estrous estrous ADJ ct-13050 23 18 dog dog NOUN ct-13050 23 19 vaginal vaginal ADJ ct-13050 23 20 swabs swab NOUN ct-13050 23 21 . . PUNCT ct-13050 24 1 libido libido PROPN ct-13050 24 2 was be AUX ct-13050 24 3 high high ADJ ct-13050 24 4 ; ; PUNCT ct-13050 24 5 4.5 4.5 NUM ct-13050 24 6 ml ml NOUN ct-13050 24 7 of of ADP ct-13050 24 8 semen semen NOUN ct-13050 24 9 was be AUX ct-13050 24 10 collected collect VERB ct-13050 24 11 and and CCONJ ct-13050 24 12 that that PRON ct-13050 24 13 was be AUX ct-13050 24 14 azoospermic azoospermic ADJ ct-13050 24 15 . . PUNCT ct-13050 25 1 semen semen NOUN ct-13050 25 2 alkaline alkaline NOUN ct-13050 25 3 phosphatase phosphatase NOUN ct-13050 25 4 concentrations concentration NOUN ct-13050 25 5 suggested suggest VERB ct-13050 25 6 incomplete incomplete ADJ ct-13050 25 7 ejaculation ejaculation NOUN ct-13050 25 8 despite despite SCONJ ct-13050 25 9 good good ADJ ct-13050 25 10 libido libido NOUN ct-13050 25 11 and and CCONJ ct-13050 25 12 normal normal ADJ ct-13050 25 13 erection erection NOUN ct-13050 25 14 and and CCONJ ct-13050 25 15 reproductive reproductive ADJ ct-13050 25 16 behavior behavior NOUN ct-13050 25 17 . . PUNCT ct-13050 26 1 dog dog NOUN ct-13050 26 2 was be AUX ct-13050 26 3 castrated castrate VERB ct-13050 26 4 and and CCONJ ct-13050 26 5 testes testis NOUN ct-13050 26 6 were be AUX ct-13050 26 7 submitted submit VERB ct-13050 26 8 for for ADP ct-13050 26 9 histopathology histopathology NOUN ct-13050 26 10 in in ADP ct-13050 26 11 april april PROPN ct-13050 26 12 2023 2023 NUM ct-13050 26 13 . . PUNCT ct-13050 27 1 both both DET ct-13050 27 2 testes testis NOUN ct-13050 27 3 contained contain VERB ct-13050 27 4 widely widely ADV ct-13050 27 5 scattered scatter VERB ct-13050 27 6 foci focus NOUN ct-13050 27 7 ( ( PUNCT ct-13050 27 8 figures figure NOUN ct-13050 27 9     SPACE ct-13050 27 10 7 7 NUM ct-13050 27 11 and and CCONJ ct-13050 27 12 8 8 NUM ct-13050 27 13 ; ; PUNCT ct-13050 27 14 blue blue ADJ ct-13050 27 15 arrows arrow NOUN ct-13050 27 16 ) ) PUNCT ct-13050 27 17 of of ADP ct-13050 27 18 intratubular intratubular ADJ ct-13050 27 19 mineralization mineralization NOUN ct-13050 27 20 ( ( PUNCT ct-13050 27 21 500 500 NUM ct-13050 27 22 µm µm NOUN ct-13050 27 23 in in ADP ct-13050 27 24 maximal maximal ADJ ct-13050 27 25 diameter diameter NOUN ct-13050 27 26 with with ADP ct-13050 27 27 < < X ct-13050 27 28 200 200 NUM ct-13050 27 29 µm µm NOUN ct-13050 27 30 in in ADP ct-13050 27 31 diameter diameter NOUN ct-13050 27 32 ) ) PUNCT ct-13050 27 33 without without ADP ct-13050 27 34 associated associated ADJ ct-13050 27 35 inflammation inflammation NOUN ct-13050 27 36 . . PUNCT ct-13050 28 1 outside outside ADP ct-13050 28 2 of of ADP ct-13050 28 3 these these DET ct-13050 28 4 mineralized mineralize VERB ct-13050 28 5 areas area NOUN ct-13050 28 6 , , PUNCT ct-13050 28 7 there there PRON ct-13050 28 8 ‡ ‡ VERB ct-13050 28 9 current current ADJ ct-13050 28 10 affiliation affiliation NOUN ct-13050 28 11 : : PUNCT ct-13050 28 12 dr dr PROPN ct-13050 28 13 . . PROPN ct-13050 28 14 peggy peggy PROPN ct-13050 28 15 root root PROPN ct-13050 28 16 llc llc PROPN ct-13050 28 17 , , PUNCT ct-13050 28 18 saint saint PROPN ct-13050 28 19 paul paul PROPN ct-13050 28 20 , , PUNCT ct-13050 28 21 mn mn PROPN ct-13050 28 22 55101 55101 NUM ct-13050 28 23 , , PUNCT ct-13050 28 24 usa usa PROPN ct-13050 28 25 mailto:peggy@drpeggyroot.com mailto:peggy@drpeggyroot.com PROPN ct-13050 28 26 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ PROPN ct-13050 29 1 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ PROPN ct-13050 29 2 http://dx.doi.org/10.58292/ct.v17.13050 http://dx.doi.org/10.58292/ct.v17.13050 PROPN ct-13050 29 3 2 2 NUM ct-13050 29 4 citation citation NOUN ct-13050 29 5 : : PUNCT ct-13050 29 6 clinical clinical ADJ ct-13050 29 7 theriogenology theriogenology NOUN ct-13050 29 8 2025 2025 NUM ct-13050 29 9 , , PUNCT ct-13050 29 10 17 17 NUM ct-13050 29 11 , , PUNCT ct-13050 29 12 13050 13050 NUM ct-13050 29 13 , , PUNCT ct-13050 29 14 http://dx.doi.org/10.58292/ct.v17.13050 http://dx.doi.org/10.58292/ct.v17.13050 PROPN ct-13050 29 15 were be AUX ct-13050 29 16 rare rare ADJ ct-13050 29 17 small small ADJ ct-13050 29 18 interstitial interstitial ADJ ct-13050 29 19 infiltrates infiltrate NOUN ct-13050 29 20 of of ADP ct-13050 29 21 lymphocytes lymphocyte NOUN ct-13050 29 22 and and CCONJ ct-13050 29 23 plasma plasma NOUN ct-13050 29 24 cells cell NOUN ct-13050 29 25 and and CCONJ ct-13050 29 26 rare rare ADJ ct-13050 29 27 individual individual ADJ ct-13050 29 28 atrophied atrophy VERB ct-13050 29 29 seminiferous seminiferous ADJ ct-13050 29 30 tubules tubule NOUN ct-13050 29 31 . . PUNCT ct-13050 30 1 discussion discussion NOUN ct-13050 30 2 there there PRON ct-13050 30 3 is be VERB ct-13050 30 4 debate debate NOUN ct-13050 30 5 in in ADP ct-13050 30 6 the the DET ct-13050 30 7 human human ADJ ct-13050 30 8 literature literature NOUN ct-13050 30 9 regarding regard VERB ct-13050 30 10 the the DET ct-13050 30 11 impact impact NOUN ct-13050 30 12 of of ADP ct-13050 30 13 tm tm PROPN ct-13050 30 14 . . PUNCT ct-13050 31 1 although although SCONJ ct-13050 31 2 there there PRON ct-13050 31 3 are be VERB ct-13050 31 4 reports report NOUN ct-13050 31 5 of of ADP ct-13050 31 6 increased increase VERB ct-13050 31 7 risk risk NOUN ct-13050 31 8 of of ADP ct-13050 31 9 testicular testicular ADJ ct-13050 31 10 neoplasia neoplasia NOUN ct-13050 31 11 in in ADP ct-13050 31 12 men man NOUN ct-13050 31 13 with with ADP ct-13050 31 14 tm tm PROPN ct-13050 31 15 , , PUNCT ct-13050 31 16 it it PRON ct-13050 31 17 does do AUX ct-13050 31 18 not not PART ct-13050 31 19 appear appear VERB ct-13050 31 20 that that SCONJ ct-13050 31 21 tm tm PROPN ct-13050 31 22 is be AUX ct-13050 31 23 an an DET ct-13050 31 24 independent independent ADJ ct-13050 31 25 risk risk NOUN ct-13050 31 26 factor factor NOUN ct-13050 31 27 for for ADP ct-13050 31 28 testicular testicular NOUN ct-13050 31 29 neoplasia.6–10 neoplasia.6–10 NOUN ct-13050 31 30 however however ADV ct-13050 31 31 , , PUNCT ct-13050 31 32 because because SCONJ ct-13050 31 33 tm tm PROPN ct-13050 31 34 apparently apparently ADV ct-13050 31 35 can can AUX ct-13050 31 36 act act VERB ct-13050 31 37 as as ADP ct-13050 31 38 a a DET ct-13050 31 39 marker marker NOUN ct-13050 31 40 for for ADP ct-13050 31 41 other other ADJ ct-13050 31 42 risk risk NOUN ct-13050 31 43 factors factor NOUN ct-13050 31 44 for for ADP ct-13050 31 45 testicular testicular ADJ ct-13050 31 46 neoplasia neoplasia NOUN ct-13050 31 47 , , PUNCT ct-13050 31 48 it it PRON ct-13050 31 49 is be AUX ct-13050 31 50 recommended recommend VERB ct-13050 31 51 that that SCONJ ct-13050 31 52 men man NOUN ct-13050 31 53 with with ADP ct-13050 31 54 an an DET ct-13050 31 55 incidental incidental ADJ ct-13050 31 56 finding finding NOUN ct-13050 31 57 of of ADP ct-13050 31 58 tm tm PROPN ct-13050 31 59 be be AUX ct-13050 31 60 reevaluated reevaluate VERB ct-13050 31 61 by by ADP ct-13050 31 62 ultrasonography ultrasonography NOUN ct-13050 31 63 every every DET ct-13050 31 64 6 6 NUM ct-13050 31 65 - - SYM ct-13050 31 66 12 12 NUM ct-13050 31 67 months month NOUN ct-13050 31 68 to to PART ct-13050 31 69 screen screen VERB ct-13050 31 70 for for ADP ct-13050 31 71 testicular testicular ADJ ct-13050 31 72 neoplasia.11,12 neoplasia.11,12 NOUN ct-13050 31 73 testicular testicular NOUN ct-13050 31 74 neoplasia neoplasia NOUN ct-13050 31 75 in in ADP ct-13050 31 76 humans human NOUN ct-13050 31 77 is be AUX ct-13050 31 78 more more ADV ct-13050 31 79 common common ADJ ct-13050 31 80 in in ADP ct-13050 31 81 young young ADJ ct-13050 31 82 men man NOUN ct-13050 31 83 and and CCONJ ct-13050 31 84 is be AUX ct-13050 31 85 an an DET ct-13050 31 86 aggressive aggressive ADJ ct-13050 31 87 , , PUNCT ct-13050 31 88 malignant malignant ADJ ct-13050 31 89 tumor tumor NOUN ct-13050 31 90 , , PUNCT ct-13050 31 91 whereas whereas SCONJ ct-13050 31 92 testicular testicular ADJ ct-13050 31 93 neoplasia neoplasia NOUN ct-13050 31 94 in in ADP ct-13050 31 95 dogs dog NOUN ct-13050 31 96 is be AUX ct-13050 31 97 more more ADV ct-13050 31 98 common common ADJ ct-13050 31 99 in in ADP ct-13050 31 100 middle middle NOUN ct-13050 31 101 - - PUNCT ct-13050 31 102 aged aged ADJ ct-13050 31 103 and and CCONJ ct-13050 31 104 older old ADJ ct-13050 31 105 dogs dog NOUN ct-13050 31 106 and and CCONJ ct-13050 31 107 is be AUX ct-13050 31 108 generally generally ADV ct-13050 31 109 a a DET ct-13050 31 110 more more ADV ct-13050 31 111 benign benign ADJ ct-13050 31 112 neoplasm neoplasm NOUN ct-13050 31 113 that that PRON ct-13050 31 114 can can AUX ct-13050 31 115 be be AUX ct-13050 31 116 cured cure VERB ct-13050 31 117 with with ADP ct-13050 31 118 castration castration NOUN ct-13050 31 119 . . PUNCT ct-13050 32 1 because because SCONJ ct-13050 32 2 of of ADP ct-13050 32 3 the the DET ct-13050 32 4 difference difference NOUN ct-13050 32 5 in in ADP ct-13050 32 6 tumor tumor NOUN ct-13050 32 7 biology biology NOUN ct-13050 32 8 and and CCONJ ct-13050 32 9 lack lack NOUN ct-13050 32 10 of of ADP ct-13050 32 11 evidence evidence NOUN ct-13050 32 12 in in ADP ct-13050 32 13 the the DET ct-13050 32 14 human human ADJ ct-13050 32 15 literature literature NOUN ct-13050 32 16 of of ADP ct-13050 32 17 tm tm PROPN ct-13050 32 18 as as ADP ct-13050 32 19 an an DET ct-13050 32 20 independent independent ADJ ct-13050 32 21 risk risk NOUN ct-13050 32 22 factor factor NOUN ct-13050 32 23 for for ADP ct-13050 32 24 tm tm PROPN ct-13050 32 25 , , PUNCT ct-13050 32 26 it it PRON ct-13050 32 27 is be AUX ct-13050 32 28 difficult difficult ADJ ct-13050 32 29 to to PART ct-13050 32 30 argue argue VERB ct-13050 32 31 for for ADP ct-13050 32 32 the the DET ct-13050 32 33 value value NOUN ct-13050 32 34 of of ADP ct-13050 32 35 repeated repeat VERB ct-13050 32 36 ultrasonographic ultrasonographic ADJ ct-13050 32 37 evaluation evaluation NOUN ct-13050 32 38 of of ADP ct-13050 32 39 the the DET ct-13050 32 40 testes testis NOUN ct-13050 32 41 in in ADP ct-13050 32 42 dogs dog NOUN ct-13050 32 43 with with ADP ct-13050 32 44 tm tm PROPN ct-13050 32 45 . . PUNCT ct-13050 33 1 the the DET ct-13050 33 2 other other ADJ ct-13050 33 3 concern concern NOUN ct-13050 33 4 associated associate VERB ct-13050 33 5 in in ADP ct-13050 33 6 men man NOUN ct-13050 33 7 with with ADP ct-13050 33 8 tm tm PROPN ct-13050 33 9 that that PRON ct-13050 33 10 is be AUX ct-13050 33 11 described describe VERB ct-13050 33 12 in in ADP ct-13050 33 13 the the DET ct-13050 33 14 literature literature NOUN ct-13050 33 15 is be AUX ct-13050 33 16 poor poor ADJ ct-13050 33 17 semen semen NOUN ct-13050 33 18 quality quality NOUN ct-13050 33 19 , , PUNCT ct-13050 33 20 associated associate VERB ct-13050 33 21 with with ADP ct-13050 33 22 subfertility subfertility NOUN ct-13050 33 23 or or CCONJ ct-13050 33 24 infertility infertility NOUN ct-13050 33 25 . . PUNCT ct-13050 34 1 semen seman NOUN ct-13050 34 2 parameters parameter NOUN ct-13050 34 3 altered alter VERB ct-13050 34 4 with with ADP ct-13050 34 5 tm tm NOUN ct-13050 34 6 in in ADP ct-13050 34 7 men man NOUN ct-13050 34 8 include include VERB ct-13050 34 9 decreased decrease VERB ct-13050 34 10 sperm sperm NOUN ct-13050 34 11 concentration concentration NOUN ct-13050 34 12 , , PUNCT ct-13050 34 13 decreased decrease VERB ct-13050 34 14 percentage percentage NOUN ct-13050 34 15 total total NOUN ct-13050 34 16 motility motility NOUN ct-13050 34 17 , , PUNCT ct-13050 34 18 and and CCONJ ct-13050 34 19 decreased decrease VERB ct-13050 34 20 percentage percentage NOUN ct-13050 34 21 progressive progressive ADJ ct-13050 34 22 motility.1,13,14 motility.1,13,14 PROPN ct-13050 34 23 semen semen NOUN ct-13050 34 24 quality quality NOUN ct-13050 34 25 is be AUX ct-13050 34 26 negatively negatively ADV ct-13050 34 27 correlated correlate VERB ct-13050 34 28 with with ADP ct-13050 34 29 number number NOUN ct-13050 34 30 of of ADP ct-13050 34 31 microliths microlith NOUN ct-13050 34 32 in in ADP ct-13050 34 33 men.14 men.14 ADP ct-13050 34 34 our our PRON ct-13050 34 35 2 2 NUM ct-13050 34 36 cases case NOUN ct-13050 34 37 had have VERB ct-13050 34 38 very very ADV ct-13050 34 39 different different ADJ ct-13050 34 40 histories history NOUN ct-13050 34 41 and and CCONJ ct-13050 34 42 outcomes outcome NOUN ct-13050 34 43 ; ; PUNCT ct-13050 34 44 1 1 NUM ct-13050 34 45 dog dog NOUN ct-13050 34 46 had have VERB ct-13050 34 47 unilateral unilateral ADJ ct-13050 34 48 and and CCONJ ct-13050 34 49 the the DET ct-13050 34 50 other other ADJ ct-13050 34 51 bilateral bilateral ADJ ct-13050 34 52 microlithiasis microlithiasis NOUN ct-13050 34 53 . . PUNCT ct-13050 35 1 future future ADJ ct-13050 35 2 reports report NOUN ct-13050 35 3 with with ADP ct-13050 35 4 associated associated ADJ ct-13050 35 5 semen semen NOUN ct-13050 35 6 evaluations evaluation NOUN ct-13050 35 7 and and CCONJ ct-13050 35 8 histopathology histopathology NOUN ct-13050 35 9 are be AUX ct-13050 35 10 required require VERB ct-13050 35 11 to to PART ct-13050 35 12 permit permit VERB ct-13050 35 13 correlation correlation NOUN ct-13050 35 14 of of ADP ct-13050 35 15 extent extent NOUN ct-13050 35 16 of of ADP ct-13050 35 17 tm tm NOUN ct-13050 35 18 with with ADP ct-13050 35 19 fertility fertility NOUN ct-13050 35 20 in in ADP ct-13050 35 21 male male ADJ ct-13050 35 22 dogs dog NOUN ct-13050 35 23 . . PUNCT ct-13050 36 1 reports report NOUN ct-13050 36 2 in in ADP ct-13050 36 3 cattle cattle NOUN ct-13050 36 4 and and CCONJ ct-13050 36 5 elands eland NOUN ct-13050 36 6 support support VERB ct-13050 36 7 the the DET ct-13050 36 8 above above ADJ ct-13050 36 9 findings finding NOUN ct-13050 36 10 . . PUNCT ct-13050 37 1 in in ADP ct-13050 37 2 a a DET ct-13050 37 3 study study NOUN ct-13050 37 4 of of ADP ct-13050 37 5 77 77 NUM ct-13050 37 6 bulls bull NOUN ct-13050 37 7 ( ( PUNCT ct-13050 37 8 bos bo NOUN ct-13050 37 9 indicus indicus NOUN ct-13050 37 10 , , PUNCT ct-13050 37 11 bos bos NOUN ct-13050 37 12 taurus taurus PROPN ct-13050 37 13 , , PUNCT ct-13050 37 14 and and CCONJ ct-13050 37 15 crosses crosse NOUN ct-13050 37 16 of of ADP ct-13050 37 17 these these DET ct-13050 37 18 figure figure NOUN ct-13050 37 19 1 1 NUM ct-13050 37 20 . . NOUN ct-13050 37 21 testicular testicular ADJ ct-13050 37 22 ultrasonographic ultrasonographic ADJ ct-13050 37 23 image image NOUN ct-13050 37 24 of of ADP ct-13050 37 25 case case NOUN ct-13050 37 26 1 1 NUM ct-13050 37 27 figure figure NOUN ct-13050 37 28 2 2 NUM ct-13050 37 29 . . NOUN ct-13050 37 30 testicular testicular ADJ ct-13050 37 31 histopathology histopathology NOUN ct-13050 37 32 ( ( PUNCT ct-13050 37 33 low low ADJ ct-13050 37 34 magnification magnification NOUN ct-13050 37 35 ) ) PUNCT ct-13050 37 36 of of ADP ct-13050 37 37 case case NOUN ct-13050 37 38 1 1 NUM ct-13050 37 39 http://dx.doi.org/10.58292/ct.v17.13050 http://dx.doi.org/10.58292/ct.v17.13050 PROPN ct-13050 37 40 citation citation NOUN ct-13050 37 41 : : PUNCT ct-13050 37 42 clinical clinical ADJ ct-13050 37 43 theriogenology theriogenology NOUN ct-13050 37 44 2025 2025 NUM ct-13050 37 45 , , PUNCT ct-13050 37 46 17 17 NUM ct-13050 37 47 , , PUNCT ct-13050 37 48 13050 13050 NUM ct-13050 37 49 , , PUNCT ct-13050 37 50 http://dx.doi.org/10.58292/ct.v17.13050 http://dx.doi.org/10.58292/ct.v17.13050 PROPN ct-13050 37 51 3 3 NUM ct-13050 37 52 breeds breed NOUN ct-13050 37 53 ) ) PUNCT ct-13050 37 54 , , PUNCT ct-13050 37 55 ~ ~ PUNCT ct-13050 37 56 25 25 NUM ct-13050 37 57 % % NOUN ct-13050 37 58 of of ADP ct-13050 37 59 the the DET ct-13050 37 60 animals animal NOUN ct-13050 37 61 had have VERB ct-13050 37 62 some some DET ct-13050 37 63 degree degree NOUN ct-13050 37 64 of of ADP ct-13050 37 65 tm tm NOUN ct-13050 37 66 and and CCONJ ct-13050 37 67 these these DET ct-13050 37 68 animals animal NOUN ct-13050 37 69 had have VERB ct-13050 37 70 lower low ADJ ct-13050 37 71 sperm sperm NOUN ct-13050 37 72 concentration concentration NOUN ct-13050 37 73 and and CCONJ ct-13050 37 74 percentage percentage NOUN ct-13050 37 75 motility.3 motility.3 PROPN ct-13050 37 76 in in ADP ct-13050 37 77 a a DET ct-13050 37 78 report report NOUN ct-13050 37 79 of of ADP ct-13050 37 80 3 3 NUM ct-13050 37 81 water water NOUN ct-13050 37 82 buffalo buffalo NOUN ct-13050 37 83 bulls bull NOUN ct-13050 37 84 , , PUNCT ct-13050 37 85 1 1 NUM ct-13050 37 86 had have VERB ct-13050 37 87 tm tm PRON ct-13050 37 88 whose whose DET ct-13050 37 89 semen semen NOUN ct-13050 37 90 quality quality NOUN ct-13050 37 91 was be AUX ct-13050 37 92 not not PART ct-13050 37 93 reported.4 reported.4 VERB ct-13050 37 94 a a DET ct-13050 37 95 survey survey NOUN ct-13050 37 96 of of ADP ct-13050 37 97 24 24 NUM ct-13050 37 98 eland eland NOUN ct-13050 37 99 in in ADP ct-13050 37 100 a a DET ct-13050 37 101 wildlife wildlife NOUN ct-13050 37 102 park park NOUN ct-13050 37 103 demonstrated demonstrate VERB ct-13050 37 104 histopathological histopathological ADJ ct-13050 37 105 evidence evidence NOUN ct-13050 37 106 of of ADP ct-13050 37 107 tm tm NOUN ct-13050 37 108 and and CCONJ ct-13050 37 109 abnormal abnormal ADJ ct-13050 37 110 spermatogenesis spermatogenesis NOUN ct-13050 37 111 in in ADP ct-13050 37 112 all all DET ct-13050 37 113 animals animal NOUN ct-13050 37 114 , , PUNCT ct-13050 37 115 with with ADP ct-13050 37 116 evidence evidence NOUN ct-13050 37 117 to to PART ct-13050 37 118 suggest suggest VERB ct-13050 37 119 this this PRON ct-13050 37 120 was be AUX ct-13050 37 121 associated associate VERB ct-13050 37 122 with with ADP ct-13050 37 123 environmental environmental ADJ ct-13050 37 124 pollutants pollutant NOUN ct-13050 37 125 including include VERB ct-13050 37 126 phenols phenol NOUN ct-13050 37 127 that that PRON ct-13050 37 128 are be AUX ct-13050 37 129 estrogenic.5 estrogenic.5 PROPN ct-13050 37 130 another another DET ct-13050 37 131 species specie NOUN ct-13050 37 132 reported report VERB ct-13050 37 133 to to PART ct-13050 37 134 have have VERB ct-13050 37 135 tm tm NOUN ct-13050 37 136 include include VERB ct-13050 37 137 is be AUX ct-13050 37 138 a a DET ct-13050 37 139 cynomolgus cynomolgus ADJ ct-13050 37 140 monkey monkey NOUN ct-13050 37 141 ; ; PUNCT ct-13050 37 142 this this PRON ct-13050 37 143 was be AUX ct-13050 37 144 an an DET ct-13050 37 145 incidental incidental ADJ ct-13050 37 146 finding finding NOUN ct-13050 37 147 at at ADP ct-13050 37 148 necropsy necropsy NOUN ct-13050 37 149 in in ADP ct-13050 37 150 a a DET ct-13050 37 151 control control NOUN ct-13050 37 152 animal animal NOUN ct-13050 37 153 in in ADP ct-13050 37 154 a a DET ct-13050 37 155 toxicology toxicology NOUN ct-13050 37 156 study.15 study.15 NOUN ct-13050 37 157 evaluation evaluation NOUN ct-13050 37 158 by by ADP ct-13050 37 159 histopathology histopathology NOUN ct-13050 37 160 of of ADP ct-13050 37 161 testes testis NOUN ct-13050 37 162 from from ADP ct-13050 37 163 men man NOUN ct-13050 37 164 with with ADP ct-13050 37 165 tm tm NOUN ct-13050 37 166 had have VERB ct-13050 37 167 changes change NOUN ct-13050 37 168 similar similar ADJ ct-13050 37 169 to to ADP ct-13050 37 170 dogs dog NOUN ct-13050 37 171 in in ADP ct-13050 37 172 this this DET ct-13050 37 173 case case NOUN ct-13050 37 174 study study NOUN ct-13050 37 175 . . PUNCT ct-13050 38 1 microliths microlith NOUN ct-13050 38 2 are be AUX ct-13050 38 3 foci focus NOUN ct-13050 38 4 of of ADP ct-13050 38 5 calcification calcification NOUN ct-13050 38 6 with with ADP ct-13050 38 7 a a DET ct-13050 38 8 precipitate precipitate NOUN ct-13050 38 9 of of ADP ct-13050 38 10 a a DET ct-13050 38 11 glycogen glycogen NOUN ct-13050 38 12 - - PUNCT ct-13050 38 13 protein protein NOUN ct-13050 38 14 matrix matrix NOUN ct-13050 38 15 associated associate VERB ct-13050 38 16 with with ADP ct-13050 38 17 the the DET ct-13050 38 18 basement basement NOUN ct-13050 38 19 membrane membrane NOUN ct-13050 38 20 of of ADP ct-13050 38 21 seminiferous seminiferous ADJ ct-13050 38 22 tubules.1 tubules.1 NOUN ct-13050 38 23 cause cause NOUN ct-13050 38 24 of of ADP ct-13050 38 25 mineralized mineralize VERB ct-13050 38 26 foci focus NOUN ct-13050 38 27 formation formation NOUN ct-13050 38 28 is be AUX ct-13050 38 29 not not PART ct-13050 38 30 well well ADV ct-13050 38 31 described describe VERB ct-13050 38 32 in in ADP ct-13050 38 33 humans human NOUN ct-13050 38 34 or or CCONJ ct-13050 38 35 most most ADJ ct-13050 38 36 other other ADJ ct-13050 38 37 species specie NOUN ct-13050 38 38 . . PUNCT ct-13050 39 1 in in ADP ct-13050 39 2 men man NOUN ct-13050 39 3 , , PUNCT ct-13050 39 4 no no DET ct-13050 39 5 correlation correlation NOUN ct-13050 39 6 has have AUX ct-13050 39 7 been be AUX ct-13050 39 8 demonstrated demonstrate VERB ct-13050 39 9 between between ADP ct-13050 39 10 development development NOUN ct-13050 39 11 of of ADP ct-13050 39 12 tm tm PROPN ct-13050 39 13 and and CCONJ ct-13050 39 14 demographics demographic NOUN ct-13050 39 15 , , PUNCT ct-13050 39 16 socioeconomic socioeconomic ADJ ct-13050 39 17 characteristics characteristic NOUN ct-13050 39 18 , , PUNCT ct-13050 39 19 or or CCONJ ct-13050 39 20 concurrent concurrent ADJ ct-13050 39 21 sexually sexually ADV ct-13050 39 22 transmitted transmit VERB ct-13050 39 23 disease.16 disease.16 NOUN ct-13050 39 24 in in ADP ct-13050 39 25 mice mouse NOUN ct-13050 39 26 with with ADP ct-13050 39 27 genetic genetic ADJ ct-13050 39 28 alterations alteration NOUN ct-13050 39 29 forming form VERB ct-13050 39 30 populations population NOUN ct-13050 39 31 of of ADP ct-13050 39 32 cryptorchidic cryptorchidic ADJ ct-13050 39 33 mice mouse NOUN ct-13050 39 34 , , PUNCT ct-13050 39 35 hypogonadal hypogonadal ADJ ct-13050 39 36 mice mouse NOUN ct-13050 39 37 , , PUNCT ct-13050 39 38 and and CCONJ ct-13050 39 39 mice mouse NOUN ct-13050 39 40 lacking lack VERB ct-13050 39 41 androgen androgen NOUN ct-13050 39 42 receptors receptor NOUN ct-13050 39 43 on on ADP ct-13050 39 44 sertoli sertoli NOUN ct-13050 39 45 cells cell NOUN ct-13050 39 46 or or CCONJ ct-13050 39 47 throughout throughout ADP ct-13050 39 48 their their PRON ct-13050 39 49 body body NOUN ct-13050 39 50 , , PUNCT ct-13050 39 51 tm tm PROPN ct-13050 39 52 developed develop VERB ct-13050 39 53 most most ADV ct-13050 39 54 commonly commonly ADV ct-13050 39 55 in in ADP ct-13050 39 56 hypogonadal hypogonadal ADJ ct-13050 39 57 mice mouse NOUN ct-13050 39 58 with with ADP ct-13050 39 59 or or CCONJ ct-13050 39 60 without without ADP ct-13050 39 61 androgen androgen NOUN ct-13050 39 62 receptors receptor NOUN ct-13050 39 63 , , PUNCT ct-13050 39 64 suggesting suggest VERB ct-13050 39 65 that that SCONJ ct-13050 39 66 lack lack NOUN ct-13050 39 67 of of ADP ct-13050 39 68 endocrine endocrine ADJ ct-13050 39 69 support support NOUN ct-13050 39 70 and and CCONJ ct-13050 39 71 subsequent subsequent ADJ ct-13050 39 72 testicular testicular ADJ ct-13050 39 73 degeneration degeneration NOUN ct-13050 39 74 may may AUX ct-13050 39 75 have have VERB ct-13050 39 76 a a DET ct-13050 39 77 role.17 role.17 PROPN ct-13050 39 78 tm tm NOUN ct-13050 39 79 has have AUX ct-13050 39 80 been be AUX ct-13050 39 81 demonstrated demonstrate VERB ct-13050 39 82 to to PART ct-13050 39 83 be be AUX ct-13050 39 84 more more ADV ct-13050 39 85 common common ADJ ct-13050 39 86 in in ADP ct-13050 39 87 men man NOUN ct-13050 39 88 with with ADP ct-13050 39 89 a a DET ct-13050 39 90 history history NOUN ct-13050 39 91 of of ADP ct-13050 39 92 testicular testicular ADJ ct-13050 39 93 neoplasia neoplasia NOUN ct-13050 39 94 or or CCONJ ct-13050 39 95 torsion torsion NOUN ct-13050 39 96 of of ADP ct-13050 39 97 the the DET ct-13050 39 98 spermatic spermatic ADJ ct-13050 39 99 cord cord NOUN ct-13050 39 100 that that PRON ct-13050 39 101 also also ADV ct-13050 39 102 could could AUX ct-13050 39 103 be be AUX ct-13050 39 104 associated associate VERB ct-13050 39 105 with with ADP ct-13050 39 106 testicular testicular NOUN ct-13050 39 107 degeneration.16 degeneration.16 PROPN ct-13050 39 108 in in ADP ct-13050 39 109 men man NOUN ct-13050 39 110 with with ADP ct-13050 39 111 tm tm PROPN ct-13050 39 112 , , PUNCT ct-13050 39 113 semen semen NOUN ct-13050 39 114 culture culture NOUN ct-13050 39 115 yielded yield VERB ct-13050 39 116 nanobacteria nanobacteria NOUN ct-13050 39 117 in in ADP ct-13050 39 118 almost almost ADV ct-13050 39 119 60 60 NUM ct-13050 39 120 % % NOUN ct-13050 39 121 of of ADP ct-13050 39 122 samples.18 samples.18 PROPN ct-13050 39 123 nanobacteria nanobacteria NOUN ct-13050 39 124 are be AUX ct-13050 39 125 the the DET ct-13050 39 126 smallest small ADJ ct-13050 39 127 known know VERB ct-13050 39 128 organisms organism NOUN ct-13050 39 129 with with ADP ct-13050 39 130 a a DET ct-13050 39 131 cell cell NOUN ct-13050 39 132 wall wall NOUN ct-13050 39 133 and and CCONJ ct-13050 39 134 it it PRON ct-13050 39 135 is be AUX ct-13050 39 136 unknown unknown ADJ ct-13050 39 137 whether whether SCONJ ct-13050 39 138 they they PRON ct-13050 39 139 are be AUX ct-13050 39 140 living live VERB ct-13050 39 141 organisms organism NOUN ct-13050 39 142 as as SCONJ ct-13050 39 143 their their PRON ct-13050 39 144 minute minute NOUN ct-13050 39 145 size size NOUN ct-13050 39 146 precludes preclude VERB ct-13050 39 147 them they PRON ct-13050 39 148 having have VERB ct-13050 39 149 all all DET ct-13050 39 150 necessary necessary ADJ ct-13050 39 151 figure figure NOUN ct-13050 39 152 3 3 NUM ct-13050 39 153 . . NOUN ct-13050 39 154 testicular testicular ADJ ct-13050 39 155 histopathology histopathology NOUN ct-13050 39 156 ( ( PUNCT ct-13050 39 157 medium medium NOUN ct-13050 39 158 magnification magnification NOUN ct-13050 39 159 ) ) PUNCT ct-13050 39 160 of of ADP ct-13050 39 161 case case NOUN ct-13050 39 162 1 1 NUM ct-13050 39 163 figure figure NOUN ct-13050 39 164 4 4 NUM ct-13050 39 165 . . NOUN ct-13050 39 166 testicular testicular ADJ ct-13050 39 167 histopathology histopathology NOUN ct-13050 39 168 ( ( PUNCT ct-13050 39 169 high high ADJ ct-13050 39 170 magnification magnification NOUN ct-13050 39 171 ) ) PUNCT ct-13050 39 172 of of ADP ct-13050 39 173 case case NOUN ct-13050 39 174 1 1 NUM ct-13050 39 175 http://dx.doi.org/10.58292/ct.v17.13050 http://dx.doi.org/10.58292/ct.v17.13050 PROPN ct-13050 39 176 4 4 NUM ct-13050 39 177 citation citation NOUN ct-13050 39 178 : : PUNCT ct-13050 39 179 clinical clinical ADJ ct-13050 39 180 theriogenology theriogenology NOUN ct-13050 39 181 2025 2025 NUM ct-13050 39 182 , , PUNCT ct-13050 39 183 17 17 NUM ct-13050 39 184 , , PUNCT ct-13050 39 185 13050 13050 NUM ct-13050 39 186 , , PUNCT ct-13050 39 187 http://dx.doi.org/10.58292/ct.v17.13050 http://dx.doi.org/10.58292/ct.v17.13050 VERB ct-13050 39 188 organelles organelle NOUN ct-13050 39 189 for for ADP ct-13050 39 190 replication replication NOUN ct-13050 39 191 . . PUNCT ct-13050 40 1 rats rat NOUN ct-13050 40 2 injected inject VERB ct-13050 40 3 with with ADP ct-13050 40 4 nanobacteria nanobacteria NOUN ct-13050 40 5 from from ADP ct-13050 40 6 men man NOUN ct-13050 40 7 with with ADP ct-13050 40 8 tm tm NOUN ct-13050 40 9 demonstrated demonstrate VERB ct-13050 40 10 testicular testicular ADJ ct-13050 40 11 calcification calcification NOUN ct-13050 40 12 as as SCONJ ct-13050 40 13 observed observe VERB ct-13050 40 14 in in ADP ct-13050 40 15 tm tm PROPN ct-13050 40 16 , , PUNCT ct-13050 40 17 possibly possibly ADV ct-13050 40 18 associated associate VERB ct-13050 40 19 with with ADP ct-13050 40 20 particulate particulate NOUN ct-13050 40 21 size size NOUN ct-13050 40 22 of of ADP ct-13050 40 23 the the DET ct-13050 40 24 nanobacteria nanobacteria NOUN ct-13050 40 25 providing provide VERB ct-13050 40 26 a a DET ct-13050 40 27 focus focus NOUN ct-13050 40 28 for for ADP ct-13050 40 29 mineralization.19 mineralization.19 ADJ ct-13050 40 30 prevalence prevalence NOUN ct-13050 40 31 of of ADP ct-13050 40 32 tm tm PROPN ct-13050 40 33 in in ADP ct-13050 40 34 humans human NOUN ct-13050 40 35 varied vary VERB ct-13050 40 36 from from ADP ct-13050 40 37 1.4 1.4 NUM ct-13050 40 38 - - PUNCT ct-13050 40 39 8.1%;7,13,14 8.1%;7,13,14 NUM ct-13050 40 40 62 62 NUM ct-13050 40 41 % % NOUN ct-13050 40 42 of of ADP ct-13050 40 43 226 226 NUM ct-13050 40 44 men man NOUN ct-13050 40 45 with with ADP ct-13050 40 46 tm tm PROPN ct-13050 40 47 were be AUX ct-13050 40 48 classified classify VERB ct-13050 40 49 as as ADP ct-13050 40 50 having have VERB ct-13050 40 51 the the DET ct-13050 40 52 classic classic ADJ ct-13050 40 53 variant.13 variant.13 PROPN ct-13050 40 54 prevalence prevalence NOUN ct-13050 40 55 and and CCONJ ct-13050 40 56 extent extent NOUN ct-13050 40 57 of of ADP ct-13050 40 58 tm tm PROPN ct-13050 40 59 in in ADP ct-13050 40 60 veterinary veterinary ADJ ct-13050 40 61 species specie NOUN ct-13050 40 62 has have AUX ct-13050 40 63 only only ADV ct-13050 40 64 been be AUX ct-13050 40 65 reported report VERB ct-13050 40 66 in in ADP ct-13050 40 67 small small ADJ ct-13050 40 68 populations population NOUN ct-13050 40 69 and and CCONJ ct-13050 40 70 reported report VERB ct-13050 40 71 values value NOUN ct-13050 40 72 likely likely ADV ct-13050 40 73 are be AUX ct-13050 40 74 not not PART ct-13050 40 75 reflective reflective ADJ ct-13050 40 76 of of ADP ct-13050 40 77 true true ADJ ct-13050 40 78 prevalence prevalence NOUN ct-13050 40 79 in in ADP ct-13050 40 80 a a DET ct-13050 40 81 given give VERB ct-13050 40 82 species specie NOUN ct-13050 40 83 . . PUNCT ct-13050 41 1 it it PRON ct-13050 41 2 is be AUX ct-13050 41 3 possible possible ADJ ct-13050 41 4 that that SCONJ ct-13050 41 5 tm tm PROPN ct-13050 41 6 will will AUX ct-13050 41 7 be be AUX ct-13050 41 8 easier easy ADJ ct-13050 41 9 to to PART ct-13050 41 10 diagnose diagnose VERB ct-13050 41 11 going go VERB ct-13050 41 12 forward forward ADV ct-13050 41 13 as as ADP ct-13050 41 14 the the DET ct-13050 41 15 quality quality NOUN ct-13050 41 16 of of ADP ct-13050 41 17 ultrasound ultrasound ADJ ct-13050 41 18 equipment equipment NOUN ct-13050 41 19 available available ADJ ct-13050 41 20 to to ADP ct-13050 41 21 veterinarians veterinarian NOUN ct-13050 41 22 increases increase NOUN ct-13050 41 23 . . PUNCT ct-13050 42 1 to to PART ct-13050 42 2 obtain obtain VERB ct-13050 42 3 the the DET ct-13050 42 4 best good ADJ ct-13050 42 5 images image NOUN ct-13050 42 6 , , PUNCT ct-13050 42 7 the the DET ct-13050 42 8 ultrasound ultrasound NOUN ct-13050 42 9 transducer transducer NOUN ct-13050 42 10 should should AUX ct-13050 42 11 be be AUX ct-13050 42 12 8 8 NUM ct-13050 42 13 mhz mhz NOUN ct-13050 42 14 at at ADP ct-13050 42 15 a a DET ct-13050 42 16 minimum minimum NOUN ct-13050 42 17 . . PUNCT ct-13050 43 1 a a DET ct-13050 43 2 linear linear ADJ ct-13050 43 3 transducer transducer NOUN ct-13050 43 4 is be AUX ct-13050 43 5 best good ADJ ct-13050 43 6 but but CCONJ ct-13050 43 7 one one NUM ct-13050 43 8 of of ADP ct-13050 43 9 the the DET ct-13050 43 10 authors author NOUN ct-13050 43 11 has have AUX ct-13050 43 12 identified identify VERB ct-13050 43 13 these these DET ct-13050 43 14 lesions lesion NOUN ct-13050 43 15 with with ADP ct-13050 43 16 a a DET ct-13050 43 17 curvilinear curvilinear ADJ ct-13050 43 18 8 8 NUM ct-13050 43 19 mhz mhz NOUN ct-13050 43 20 transducer transducer NOUN ct-13050 43 21 . . PUNCT ct-13050 44 1 because because SCONJ ct-13050 44 2 the the DET ct-13050 44 3 lesions lesion NOUN ct-13050 44 4 are be AUX ct-13050 44 5 very very ADV ct-13050 44 6 small small ADJ ct-13050 44 7 , , PUNCT ct-13050 44 8 a a DET ct-13050 44 9 higher high ADJ ct-13050 44 10 frequency frequency NOUN ct-13050 44 11 transducer transducer NOUN ct-13050 44 12 best good ADJ ct-13050 44 13 permits permit VERB ct-13050 44 14 identification identification NOUN ct-13050 44 15 and and CCONJ ct-13050 44 16 may may AUX ct-13050 44 17 even even ADV ct-13050 44 18 capture capture VERB ct-13050 44 19 small small ADJ ct-13050 44 20 shadows shadow NOUN ct-13050 44 21 thrown throw VERB ct-13050 44 22 by by ADP ct-13050 44 23 the the DET ct-13050 44 24 microliths microlith NOUN ct-13050 44 25 in in ADP ct-13050 44 26 the the DET ct-13050 44 27 testicular testicular ADJ ct-13050 44 28 tissue tissue NOUN ct-13050 44 29 . . PUNCT ct-13050 45 1 appropriate appropriate ADJ ct-13050 45 2 transducers transducer NOUN ct-13050 45 3 figure figure NOUN ct-13050 45 4 5 5 NUM ct-13050 45 5 . . PUNCT ct-13050 45 6 left leave VERB ct-13050 45 7 testicular testicular ADJ ct-13050 45 8 ultrasonographic ultrasonographic ADJ ct-13050 45 9 image image NOUN ct-13050 45 10 of of ADP ct-13050 45 11 case case NOUN ct-13050 45 12 2 2 NUM ct-13050 45 13 figure figure NOUN ct-13050 45 14 6 6 NUM ct-13050 45 15 . . PUNCT ct-13050 46 1 right right ADJ ct-13050 46 2 testicular testicular ADJ ct-13050 46 3 ultrasonographic ultrasonographic ADJ ct-13050 46 4 image image NOUN ct-13050 46 5 of of ADP ct-13050 46 6 case case NOUN ct-13050 46 7 2 2 NUM ct-13050 46 8 http://dx.doi.org/10.58292/ct.v17.13050 http://dx.doi.org/10.58292/ct.v17.13050 PROPN ct-13050 46 9 citation citation NOUN ct-13050 46 10 : : PUNCT ct-13050 46 11 clinical clinical ADJ ct-13050 46 12 theriogenology theriogenology NOUN ct-13050 46 13 2025 2025 NUM ct-13050 46 14 , , PUNCT ct-13050 46 15 17 17 NUM ct-13050 46 16 , , PUNCT ct-13050 46 17 13050 13050 NUM ct-13050 46 18 , , PUNCT ct-13050 46 19 http://dx.doi.org/10.58292/ct.v17.13050 http://dx.doi.org/10.58292/ct.v17.13050 PROPN ct-13050 46 20 5 5 NUM ct-13050 46 21 often often ADV ct-13050 46 22 are be AUX ct-13050 46 23 sold sell VERB ct-13050 46 24 as as ADP ct-13050 46 25 the the DET ct-13050 46 26 primary primary ADJ ct-13050 46 27 transducer transducer NOUN ct-13050 46 28 used use VERB ct-13050 46 29 in in ADP ct-13050 46 30 small small ADJ ct-13050 46 31 animal animal NOUN ct-13050 46 32 machines machine NOUN ct-13050 46 33 marketed market VERB ct-13050 46 34 at at ADP ct-13050 46 35 the the DET ct-13050 46 36 time time NOUN ct-13050 46 37 of of ADP ct-13050 46 38 this this DET ct-13050 46 39 writing writing NOUN ct-13050 46 40 . . PUNCT ct-13050 47 1 experience experience NOUN ct-13050 47 2 may may AUX ct-13050 47 3 be be AUX ct-13050 47 4 required require VERB ct-13050 47 5 to to PART ct-13050 47 6 permit permit VERB ct-13050 47 7 the the DET ct-13050 47 8 operator operator NOUN ct-13050 47 9 to to PART ct-13050 47 10 see see VERB ct-13050 47 11 these these DET ct-13050 47 12 lesions lesion NOUN ct-13050 47 13 ; ; PUNCT ct-13050 47 14 review review NOUN ct-13050 47 15 by by ADP ct-13050 47 16 an an DET ct-13050 47 17 ultrasonographer ultrasonographer NOUN ct-13050 47 18 may may AUX ct-13050 47 19 be be AUX ct-13050 47 20 warranted warrant VERB ct-13050 47 21 for for ADP ct-13050 47 22 accuracy accuracy NOUN ct-13050 47 23 of of ADP ct-13050 47 24 diagnosis diagnosis NOUN ct-13050 47 25 . . PUNCT ct-13050 48 1 in in ADP ct-13050 48 2 dogs dog NOUN ct-13050 48 3 , , PUNCT ct-13050 48 4 identification identification NOUN ct-13050 48 5 of of ADP ct-13050 48 6 tm tm NOUN ct-13050 48 7 should should AUX ct-13050 48 8 spur spur VERB ct-13050 48 9 a a DET ct-13050 48 10 semen semen NOUN ct-13050 48 11 evaluation evaluation NOUN ct-13050 48 12 and and CCONJ ct-13050 48 13 a a DET ct-13050 48 14 conversation conversation NOUN ct-13050 48 15 with with ADP ct-13050 48 16 the the DET ct-13050 48 17 client client NOUN ct-13050 48 18 about about ADP ct-13050 48 19 possible possible ADJ ct-13050 48 20 association association NOUN ct-13050 48 21 of of ADP ct-13050 48 22 tm tm PROPN ct-13050 48 23 with with ADP ct-13050 48 24 subfertility subfertility NOUN ct-13050 48 25 or or CCONJ ct-13050 48 26 infertility infertility NOUN ct-13050 48 27 . . PUNCT ct-13050 49 1 regular regular ADJ ct-13050 49 2 recheck recheck NOUN ct-13050 49 3 of of ADP ct-13050 49 4 the the DET ct-13050 49 5 testes testis NOUN ct-13050 49 6 by by ADP ct-13050 49 7 ultrasonography ultrasonography NOUN ct-13050 49 8 probably probably ADV ct-13050 49 9 is be AUX ct-13050 49 10 not not PART ct-13050 49 11 warranted warrant VERB ct-13050 49 12 in in ADP ct-13050 49 13 dogs dog NOUN ct-13050 49 14 . . PUNCT ct-13050 50 1 learning learn VERB ct-13050 50 2 points point NOUN ct-13050 50 3 • • ADJ ct-13050 50 4 testicular testicular NOUN ct-13050 50 5 microlithiasis microlithiasis NOUN ct-13050 50 6 ( ( PUNCT ct-13050 50 7 tm tm NOUN ct-13050 50 8 ) ) PUNCT ct-13050 50 9 is be AUX ct-13050 50 10 accumulation accumulation NOUN ct-13050 50 11 of of ADP ct-13050 50 12 small small ADJ ct-13050 50 13 foci focus NOUN ct-13050 50 14 of of ADP ct-13050 50 15 mineralization mineralization NOUN ct-13050 50 16 within within ADP ct-13050 50 17 the the DET ct-13050 50 18 seminiferous seminiferous ADJ ct-13050 50 19 tubules tubule NOUN ct-13050 50 20 and and CCONJ ct-13050 50 21 is be AUX ct-13050 50 22 visible visible ADJ ct-13050 50 23 in in ADP ct-13050 50 24 ultrasonography ultrasonography NOUN ct-13050 50 25 • • NOUN ct-13050 50 26 in in ADP ct-13050 50 27 humans human NOUN ct-13050 50 28 and and CCONJ ct-13050 50 29 hoof hoof ADJ ct-13050 50 30 stock stock NOUN ct-13050 50 31 , , PUNCT ct-13050 50 32 individuals individual NOUN ct-13050 50 33 with with ADP ct-13050 50 34 tm tm PROPN ct-13050 50 35 are be AUX ct-13050 50 36 more more ADV ct-13050 50 37 likely likely ADJ ct-13050 50 38 to to PART ct-13050 50 39 have have VERB ct-13050 50 40 poor poor ADJ ct-13050 50 41 semen semen NOUN ct-13050 50 42 quality quality NOUN ct-13050 50 43 , , PUNCT ct-13050 50 44 with with ADP ct-13050 50 45 a a DET ct-13050 50 46 greater great ADJ ct-13050 50 47 decrease decrease NOUN ct-13050 50 48 in in ADP ct-13050 50 49 semen semen NOUN ct-13050 50 50 quality quality NOUN ct-13050 50 51 in in ADP ct-13050 50 52 individuals individual NOUN ct-13050 50 53 with with ADP ct-13050 50 54 more more ADJ ct-13050 50 55 microliths microlith NOUN ct-13050 50 56 • • ADP ct-13050 50 57 cause cause NOUN ct-13050 50 58 of of ADP ct-13050 50 59 microliths microlith NOUN ct-13050 50 60 formation formation NOUN ct-13050 50 61 is be AUX ct-13050 50 62 not not PART ct-13050 50 63 defined define VERB ct-13050 50 64 but but CCONJ ct-13050 50 65 it it PRON ct-13050 50 66 may may AUX ct-13050 50 67 be be AUX ct-13050 50 68 a a DET ct-13050 50 69 consequence consequence NOUN ct-13050 50 70 of of ADP ct-13050 50 71 testicular testicular ADJ ct-13050 50 72 degeneration degeneration NOUN ct-13050 50 73 • • ADP ct-13050 50 74 if if SCONJ ct-13050 50 75 tm tm PROPN ct-13050 50 76 is be AUX ct-13050 50 77 identified identify VERB ct-13050 50 78 in in ADP ct-13050 50 79 dogs dog NOUN ct-13050 50 80 , , PUNCT ct-13050 50 81 owners owner NOUN ct-13050 50 82 should should AUX ct-13050 50 83 be be AUX ct-13050 50 84 made make VERB ct-13050 50 85 aware aware ADJ ct-13050 50 86 of of ADP ct-13050 50 87 a a DET ct-13050 50 88 possible possible ADJ ct-13050 50 89 association association NOUN ct-13050 50 90 with with ADP ct-13050 50 91 poor poor ADJ ct-13050 50 92 semen semen NOUN ct-13050 50 93 quality quality NOUN ct-13050 50 94 , , PUNCT ct-13050 50 95 and and CCONJ ct-13050 50 96 semen semen NOUN ct-13050 50 97 evaluation evaluation NOUN ct-13050 50 98 performed perform VERB ct-13050 50 99 conflict conflict NOUN ct-13050 50 100 of of ADP ct-13050 50 101 interest interest NOUN ct-13050 50 102 none none NOUN ct-13050 50 103 to to PART ct-13050 50 104 report report VERB ct-13050 50 105 . . PUNCT ct-13050 51 1 references reference NOUN ct-13050 51 2 1 1 NUM ct-13050 51 3 . . PUNCT ct-13050 51 4 miller miller PROPN ct-13050 51 5 rl rl PROPN ct-13050 51 6 , , PUNCT ct-13050 51 7 wissman wissman NOUN ct-13050 51 8 r r PROPN ct-13050 51 9 , , PUNCT ct-13050 51 10 white white PROPN ct-13050 51 11 s s PROPN ct-13050 51 12 , , PUNCT ct-13050 51 13 et et PROPN ct-13050 51 14 al al PROPN ct-13050 51 15 : : PUNCT ct-13050 51 16 testicular testicular ADJ ct-13050 51 17 microlithiasis microlithiasis NOUN ct-13050 51 18 : : PUNCT ct-13050 51 19 a a DET ct-13050 51 20 benign benign ADJ ct-13050 51 21 condition condition NOUN ct-13050 51 22 with with ADP ct-13050 51 23 a a DET ct-13050 51 24 malignant malignant ADJ ct-13050 51 25 association association NOUN ct-13050 51 26 . . PUNCT ct-13050 52 1 j j PROPN ct-13050 52 2 clin clin PROPN ct-13050 52 3 ultrasound ultrasound PROPN ct-13050 52 4 1996;24:197 1996;24:197 PROPN ct-13050 52 5 - - SYM ct-13050 52 6 202 202 NUM ct-13050 52 7 . . PUNCT ct-13050 53 1 doi doi NOUN ct-13050 53 2 : : PUNCT ct-13050 53 3 10.1002/(sici)1097 10.1002/(sici)1097 NUM ct-13050 53 4 - - SYM ct-13050 53 5 0096 0096 NUM ct-13050 53 6 ( ( PUNCT ct-13050 53 7 199605)24:4<197::aid 199605)24:4<197::aid NUM ct-13050 53 8 - - PUNCT ct-13050 53 9 jcu6>3.0.co;2 jcu6>3.0.co;2 NOUN ct-13050 53 10 - - PUNCT ct-13050 53 11 a. a. NOUN ct-13050 53 12 figure figure NOUN ct-13050 53 13 7 7 NUM ct-13050 53 14 . . NOUN ct-13050 53 15 testicular testicular ADJ ct-13050 53 16 histopathology histopathology NOUN ct-13050 53 17 ( ( PUNCT ct-13050 53 18 low low ADJ ct-13050 53 19 magnification magnification NOUN ct-13050 53 20 ) ) PUNCT ct-13050 53 21 of of ADP ct-13050 53 22 case case NOUN ct-13050 53 23 2 2 NUM ct-13050 53 24 figure figure NOUN ct-13050 53 25 8 8 NUM ct-13050 53 26 . . PUNCT ct-13050 53 27 testicular testicular ADJ ct-13050 53 28 histopathology histopathology NOUN ct-13050 53 29 ( ( PUNCT ct-13050 53 30 high high ADJ ct-13050 53 31 magnification magnification NOUN ct-13050 53 32 ) ) PUNCT ct-13050 53 33 of of ADP ct-13050 53 34 case case NOUN ct-13050 53 35 2 2 NUM ct-13050 53 36 http://dx.doi.org/10.58292/ct.v17.13050 http://dx.doi.org/10.58292/ct.v17.13050 PROPN ct-13050 53 37 https://doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1097-0096​(199605)24:4<197::aid-jcu6>3.0.co;2-a https://doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1097-0096​(199605)24:4<197::aid-jcu6>3.0.co;2-a NOUN ct-13050 53 38 . . PUNCT ct-13050 54 1 https://doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1097-0096​(199605)24:4<197::aid-jcu6>3.0.co;2-a https://doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1097-0096​(199605)24:4<197::aid-jcu6>3.0.co;2-a PROPN ct-13050 54 2 . . PUNCT ct-13050 55 1 6 6 NUM ct-13050 55 2 citation citation NOUN ct-13050 55 3 : : PUNCT ct-13050 55 4 clinical clinical ADJ ct-13050 55 5 theriogenology theriogenology NOUN ct-13050 55 6 2025 2025 NUM ct-13050 55 7 , , PUNCT ct-13050 55 8 17 17 NUM ct-13050 55 9 , , PUNCT ct-13050 55 10 13050 13050 NUM ct-13050 55 11 , , PUNCT ct-13050 55 12 http://dx.doi.org/10.58292/ct.v17.13050 http://dx.doi.org/10.58292/ct.v17.13050 PROPN ct-13050 55 13 2 2 NUM ct-13050 55 14 . . PUNCT ct-13050 55 15 bennett bennett PROPN ct-13050 55 16 hf hf PROPN ct-13050 55 17 , , PUNCT ct-13050 55 18 middleton middleton PROPN ct-13050 55 19 wd wd PROPN ct-13050 55 20 , , PUNCT ct-13050 55 21 bullock bullock NOUN ct-13050 55 22 ad ad NOUN ct-13050 55 23 , , PUNCT ct-13050 55 24 et et PROPN ct-13050 55 25 al al PROPN ct-13050 55 26 : : PUNCT ct-13050 55 27 testicular testicular ADJ ct-13050 55 28 microlithiasis microlithiasis NOUN ct-13050 55 29 : : PUNCT ct-13050 55 30 us we PRON ct-13050 55 31 follow follow NOUN ct-13050 55 32 - - PUNCT ct-13050 55 33 up up NOUN ct-13050 55 34 . . PUNCT ct-13050 56 1 radiol radiol PROPN ct-13050 56 2 2001;218:359 2001;218:359 NUM ct-13050 56 3 - - SYM ct-13050 56 4 363 363 NUM ct-13050 56 5 . . PUNCT ct-13050 57 1 doi doi NOUN ct-13050 57 2 : : PUNCT ct-13050 57 3 10.1148/ 10.1148/ NUM ct-13050 57 4 radiology.218.2.r01fe25359 radiology.218.2.r01fe25359 PROPN ct-13050 57 5 3 3 X ct-13050 57 6 . . PUNCT ct-13050 58 1 saavedra saavedra PROPN ct-13050 58 2 - - PUNCT ct-13050 58 3 jimenez jimenez PROPN ct-13050 58 4 la la PROPN ct-13050 58 5 , , PUNCT ct-13050 58 6 olvera olvera PROPN ct-13050 58 7 - - PUNCT ct-13050 58 8 ramirez ramirez PROPN ct-13050 58 9 jf jf PROPN ct-13050 58 10 , , PUNCT ct-13050 58 11 nunez nunez PROPN ct-13050 58 12 - - PUNCT ct-13050 58 13 martinez martinez PROPN ct-13050 58 14 g g PROPN ct-13050 58 15 , , PUNCT ct-13050 58 16 et et PROPN ct-13050 58 17 al al PROPN ct-13050 58 18 : : PUNCT ct-13050 58 19 exploratory exploratory ADJ ct-13050 58 20 study study NOUN ct-13050 58 21 : : PUNCT ct-13050 58 22 testicular testicular ADJ ct-13050 58 23 microlithiasis microlithiasis NOUN ct-13050 58 24 in in ADP ct-13050 58 25 cattle cattle NOUN ct-13050 58 26 from from ADP ct-13050 58 27 the the DET ct-13050 58 28 costa costa PROPN ct-13050 58 29 chica chica PROPN ct-13050 58 30 region region PROPN ct-13050 58 31 . . PUNCT ct-13050 59 1 agro agro PROPN ct-13050 59 2 productividad productividad PROPN ct-13050 59 3 2022;15:89 2022;15:89 NUM ct-13050 59 4 - - SYM ct-13050 59 5 94 94 NUM ct-13050 59 6 . . PUNCT ct-13050 60 1 doi doi NOUN ct-13050 60 2 : : PUNCT ct-13050 60 3 10.32854 10.32854 NUM ct-13050 60 4 / / SYM ct-13050 60 5 agrop.v15i4.2131 agrop.v15i4.2131 VERB ct-13050 60 6 4 4 NUM ct-13050 60 7 . . X ct-13050 60 8 chandolia chandolia PROPN ct-13050 60 9 rk rk PROPN ct-13050 60 10 , , PUNCT ct-13050 60 11 singh singh PROPN ct-13050 60 12 g g PROPN ct-13050 60 13 , , PUNCT ct-13050 60 14 kumar kumar PROPN ct-13050 60 15 a a PROPN ct-13050 60 16 , , PUNCT ct-13050 60 17 et et PROPN ct-13050 60 18 al al PROPN ct-13050 60 19 : : PUNCT ct-13050 60 20 testicular testicular ADJ ct-13050 60 21 microlithiasis microlithiasis NOUN ct-13050 60 22 in in ADP ct-13050 60 23 a a DET ct-13050 60 24 buffalo buffalo NOUN ct-13050 60 25 bull bull NOUN ct-13050 60 26 – – PUNCT ct-13050 60 27 a a DET ct-13050 60 28 rare rare ADJ ct-13050 60 29 case case NOUN ct-13050 60 30 . . PUNCT ct-13050 61 1 haryana haryana PROPN ct-13050 61 2 vet vet VERB ct-13050 61 3 2018;57:122 2018;57:122 PROPN ct-13050 61 4 - - SYM ct-13050 61 5 123 123 NUM ct-13050 61 6 . . PUNCT ct-13050 62 1 available available ADJ ct-13050 62 2 from from ADP ct-13050 62 3 : : PUNCT ct-13050 62 4 https://www.luvas.edu.in/haryana-veterinarian/ https://www.luvas.edu.in/haryana-veterinarian/ NOUN ct-13050 62 5 download download NOUN ct-13050 62 6 / / SYM ct-13050 62 7 harvet2018 harvet2018 PROPN ct-13050 62 8 - - PROPN ct-13050 62 9 june/40.pdf june/40.pdf PROPN ct-13050 62 10 5 5 NUM ct-13050 62 11 . . PUNCT ct-13050 63 1 bornman bornman PROPN ct-13050 63 2 ms ms PROPN ct-13050 63 3 , , PUNCT ct-13050 63 4 barnhoorn barnhoorn PROPN ct-13050 63 5 iej iej NOUN ct-13050 63 6 , , PUNCT ct-13050 63 7 dejager dejager NOUN ct-13050 63 8 c c NOUN ct-13050 63 9 , , PUNCT ct-13050 63 10 et et PROPN ct-13050 63 11 al al PROPN ct-13050 63 12 : : PUNCT ct-13050 63 13 testicular testicular ADJ ct-13050 63 14 microlithiasis microlithiasis NOUN ct-13050 63 15 and and CCONJ ct-13050 63 16 neoplastic neoplastic ADJ ct-13050 63 17 lesions lesion NOUN ct-13050 63 18 in in ADP ct-13050 63 19 wild wild ADJ ct-13050 63 20 eland eland NOUN ct-13050 63 21 ( ( PUNCT ct-13050 63 22 tragelaphus tragelaphus PROPN ct-13050 63 23 oryx oryx PROPN ct-13050 63 24 ): ): PUNCT ct-13050 63 25 possible possible ADJ ct-13050 63 26 effects effect NOUN ct-13050 63 27 of of ADP ct-13050 63 28 exposure exposure NOUN ct-13050 63 29 to to ADP ct-13050 63 30 environmental environmental ADJ ct-13050 63 31 pollutants pollutant NOUN ct-13050 63 32 ? ? PUNCT ct-13050 64 1 environ environ PROPN ct-13050 64 2 res re VERB ct-13050 64 3 2010;110:327 2010;110:327 NUM ct-13050 64 4 - - SYM ct-13050 64 5 333 333 NUM ct-13050 64 6 . . PUNCT ct-13050 65 1 doi doi NOUN ct-13050 65 2 : : PUNCT ct-13050 65 3 10.1016 10.1016 NUM ct-13050 65 4 / / SYM ct-13050 65 5 j.envres.2010.02.003 j.envres.2010.02.003 NOUN ct-13050 65 6     SPACE ct-13050 65 7 6 6 NUM ct-13050 65 8 . . PUNCT ct-13050 66 1 decastro decastro PROPN ct-13050 66 2 bj bj PROPN ct-13050 66 3 , , PUNCT ct-13050 66 4 peterson peterson PROPN ct-13050 66 5 ac ac PROPN ct-13050 66 6 , , PUNCT ct-13050 66 7 constable constable ADJ ct-13050 66 8 ra ra NOUN ct-13050 66 9 : : PUNCT ct-13050 66 10 a a DET ct-13050 66 11 5 5 NUM ct-13050 66 12 - - PUNCT ct-13050 66 13 year year NOUN ct-13050 66 14 followup followup NOUN ct-13050 66 15 study study NOUN ct-13050 66 16 of of ADP ct-13050 66 17 asymptomatic asymptomatic ADJ ct-13050 66 18 men man NOUN ct-13050 66 19 with with ADP ct-13050 66 20 testicular testicular ADJ ct-13050 66 21 microlithiasis microlithiasis NOUN ct-13050 66 22 . . PUNCT ct-13050 67 1 j j PROPN ct-13050 67 2 urol urol PROPN ct-13050 67 3 2008;179:1420 2008;179:1420 NUM ct-13050 67 4 - - SYM ct-13050 67 5 1423 1423 NUM ct-13050 67 6 . . PUNCT ct-13050 68 1 doi doi NOUN ct-13050 68 2 : : PUNCT ct-13050 68 3 10.1016 10.1016 NUM ct-13050 68 4 / / SYM ct-13050 68 5 j.juro.2007.11.080 j.juro.2007.11.080 PROPN ct-13050 68 6     SPACE ct-13050 68 7 7 7 NUM ct-13050 68 8 . . PUNCT ct-13050 68 9 peterson peterson PROPN ct-13050 68 10 ac ac PROPN ct-13050 68 11 , , PUNCT ct-13050 68 12 bauman bauman PROPN ct-13050 68 13 jm jm PROPN ct-13050 68 14 , , PUNCT ct-13050 68 15 light light NOUN ct-13050 68 16 de de PROPN ct-13050 68 17 , , PUNCT ct-13050 68 18 et et PROPN ct-13050 68 19 al al PROPN ct-13050 68 20 : : PUNCT ct-13050 68 21 the the DET ct-13050 68 22 prevalence prevalence NOUN ct-13050 68 23 of of ADP ct-13050 68 24 testicular testicular ADJ ct-13050 68 25 microlithiasis microlithiasis NOUN ct-13050 68 26 in in ADP ct-13050 68 27 an an DET ct-13050 68 28 asymptomatic asymptomatic ADJ ct-13050 68 29 population population NOUN ct-13050 68 30 of of ADP ct-13050 68 31 men man NOUN ct-13050 68 32 18 18 NUM ct-13050 68 33 to to PART ct-13050 68 34 35 35 NUM ct-13050 68 35 years year NOUN ct-13050 68 36 old old ADJ ct-13050 68 37 . . PUNCT ct-13050 69 1 j j PROPN ct-13050 69 2 urol urol PROPN ct-13050 69 3 2001;166:2061 2001;166:2061 NUM ct-13050 69 4 - - SYM ct-13050 69 5 2064 2064 NUM ct-13050 69 6 . . PUNCT ct-13050 70 1 doi doi NOUN ct-13050 70 2 : : PUNCT ct-13050 70 3 10.1016 10.1016 NUM ct-13050 70 4 / / SYM ct-13050 70 5 s0022 s0022 NOUN ct-13050 70 6 - - PUNCT ct-13050 70 7 5347(05)65506 5347(05)65506 NUM ct-13050 70 8 - - PUNCT ct-13050 70 9 1 1 NUM ct-13050 70 10 8 8 NUM ct-13050 70 11 . . PUNCT ct-13050 71 1 aoun aoun PROPN ct-13050 71 2 f f PROPN ct-13050 71 3 , , PUNCT ct-13050 71 4 slaoui slaoui AUX ct-13050 71 5 a a PRON ct-13050 71 6 , , PUNCT ct-13050 71 7 naoum naoum PROPN ct-13050 71 8 e e NOUN ct-13050 71 9 , , PUNCT ct-13050 71 10 et et PROPN ct-13050 71 11 al al PROPN ct-13050 71 12 : : PUNCT ct-13050 71 13 testicular testicular ADJ ct-13050 71 14 microlithiasis microlithiasis NOUN ct-13050 71 15 : : PUNCT ct-13050 71 16 systemic systemic ADJ ct-13050 71 17 review review NOUN ct-13050 71 18 and and CCONJ ct-13050 71 19 clinical clinical ADJ ct-13050 71 20 guidelines guideline NOUN ct-13050 71 21 . . PUNCT ct-13050 72 1 prog prog PROPN ct-13050 72 2 urol urol PROPN ct-13050 72 3 2019;29:465 2019;29:465 PROPN ct-13050 72 4 - - SYM ct-13050 72 5 473 473 NUM ct-13050 72 6 . . PUNCT ct-13050 73 1 doi doi NOUN ct-13050 73 2 : : PUNCT ct-13050 73 3 10.1016 10.1016 NUM ct-13050 73 4 / / SYM ct-13050 73 5 j.purol.2019.07.001 j.purol.2019.07.001 NOUN ct-13050 73 6     SPACE ct-13050 73 7 9 9 NUM ct-13050 73 8 . . PUNCT ct-13050 74 1 pedersen pedersen PROPN ct-13050 74 2 mr mr PROPN ct-13050 74 3 , , PUNCT ct-13050 74 4 rafaelsen rafaelsen PROPN ct-13050 74 5 sr sr PROPN ct-13050 74 6 , , PUNCT ct-13050 74 7 moller moller PROPN ct-13050 74 8 h h PROPN ct-13050 74 9 , , PUNCT ct-13050 74 10 et et PROPN ct-13050 74 11 al al PROPN ct-13050 74 12 : : PUNCT ct-13050 74 13 testicular testicular ADJ ct-13050 74 14 microlithiasis microlithiasis NOUN ct-13050 74 15 and and CCONJ ct-13050 74 16 testicular testicular ADJ ct-13050 74 17 cancer cancer NOUN ct-13050 74 18 : : PUNCT ct-13050 74 19 review review NOUN ct-13050 74 20 of of ADP ct-13050 74 21 the the DET ct-13050 74 22 literature literature NOUN ct-13050 74 23 . . PUNCT ct-13050 75 1 intl intl PROPN ct-13050 75 2 j j PROPN ct-13050 75 3 urol urol PROPN ct-13050 75 4 nephrol nephrol VERB ct-13050 75 5 2016;48:1079 2016;48:1079 NUM ct-13050 75 6 - - SYM ct-13050 75 7 1086 1086 NUM ct-13050 75 8 . . PUNCT ct-13050 76 1 doi doi NOUN ct-13050 76 2 : : PUNCT ct-13050 76 3 10.1007 10.1007 NUM ct-13050 76 4 / / SYM ct-13050 76 5 s11255 s11255 NOUN ct-13050 76 6 - - PUNCT ct-13050 76 7 016 016 NUM ct-13050 76 8 - - PUNCT ct-13050 76 9 1267 1267 NUM ct-13050 76 10 - - SYM ct-13050 76 11 2 2 NUM ct-13050 76 12 10 10 NUM ct-13050 76 13 . . PUNCT ct-13050 77 1 balawender balawender PROPN ct-13050 77 2 k k PROPN ct-13050 77 3 , , PUNCT ct-13050 77 4 orkisz orkisz PROPN ct-13050 77 5 s s PART ct-13050 77 6 , , PUNCT ct-13050 77 7 wisz wisz NOUN ct-13050 77 8 p p NOUN ct-13050 77 9 : : PUNCT ct-13050 77 10 testicular testicular ADJ ct-13050 77 11 microlithiasis microlithiasis NOUN ct-13050 77 12 : : PUNCT ct-13050 77 13 what what PRON ct-13050 77 14 urologists urologist NOUN ct-13050 77 15 should should AUX ct-13050 77 16 know know VERB ct-13050 77 17 . . PUNCT ct-13050 78 1 a a DET ct-13050 78 2 review review NOUN ct-13050 78 3 of of ADP ct-13050 78 4 the the DET ct-13050 78 5 current current ADJ ct-13050 78 6 literature literature NOUN ct-13050 78 7 . . PUNCT ct-13050 79 1 cent cent NOUN ct-13050 79 2 european european PROPN ct-13050 79 3 j j PROPN ct-13050 79 4 urol urol PROPN ct-13050 79 5 2018;71:310 2018;71:310 PROPN ct-13050 79 6 - - SYM ct-13050 79 7 314 314 NUM ct-13050 79 8 . . PUNCT ct-13050 80 1 doi doi NOUN ct-13050 80 2 : : PUNCT ct-13050 80 3 10.5173 10.5173 NUM ct-13050 80 4 / / SYM ct-13050 80 5 ceju.2018.1728 ceju.2018.1728 NOUN ct-13050 80 6     SPACE ct-13050 80 7 11 11 NUM ct-13050 80 8 . . PUNCT ct-13050 81 1 moran moran PROPN ct-13050 81 2 jm jm PROPN ct-13050 81 3 , , PUNCT ct-13050 81 4 moreno moreno PROPN ct-13050 81 5 f f PROPN ct-13050 81 6 , , PUNCT ct-13050 81 7 climent climent ADJ ct-13050 81 8 v v NOUN ct-13050 81 9 , , PUNCT ct-13050 81 10 et et PROPN ct-13050 81 11 al al PROPN ct-13050 81 12 : : PUNCT ct-13050 81 13 idiopathic idiopathic ADJ ct-13050 81 14 testicular testicular NOUN ct-13050 81 15 microlithiasis microlithiasis NOUN ct-13050 81 16 : : PUNCT ct-13050 81 17 ultrastructural ultrastructural ADJ ct-13050 81 18 study study NOUN ct-13050 81 19 . . PUNCT ct-13050 82 1 br br PROPN ct-13050 83 1 j j PROPN ct-13050 83 2 urol urol PROPN ct-13050 83 3 1993;72:252 1993;72:252 PROPN ct-13050 83 4 - - PUNCT ct-13050 83 5 253 253 NUM ct-13050 83 6 . . PUNCT ct-13050 84 1 doi doi NOUN ct-13050 84 2 : : PUNCT ct-13050 84 3 10.1111 10.1111 NUM ct-13050 84 4 / / SYM ct-13050 84 5 j.1464 j.1464 ADP ct-13050 84 6 - - PUNCT ct-13050 84 7 410x.1993.tb00702.x 410x.1993.tb00702.x NOUN ct-13050 84 8 12 12 NUM ct-13050 84 9 . . PUNCT ct-13050 85 1 leblanc leblanc PROPN ct-13050 85 2 l l PROPN ct-13050 85 3 , , PUNCT ct-13050 85 4 lagrange lagrange PROPN ct-13050 85 5 f f PROPN ct-13050 85 6 , , PUNCT ct-13050 85 7 lecoanet lecoanet NOUN ct-13050 85 8 p p NOUN ct-13050 85 9 , , PUNCT ct-13050 85 10 et et PROPN ct-13050 85 11 al al PROPN ct-13050 85 12 : : PUNCT ct-13050 85 13 testicular testicular ADJ ct-13050 85 14 microlithiasis microlithiasis NOUN ct-13050 85 15 and and CCONJ ct-13050 85 16 testicular testicular ADJ ct-13050 85 17 tumor tumor NOUN ct-13050 85 18 : : PUNCT ct-13050 85 19 a a DET ct-13050 85 20 review review NOUN ct-13050 85 21 of of ADP ct-13050 85 22 the the DET ct-13050 85 23 literature literature NOUN ct-13050 85 24 . . PUNCT ct-13050 86 1 basic basic ADJ ct-13050 86 2 clin clin PROPN ct-13050 86 3 androl androl PROPN ct-13050 86 4 2018;28:8 2018;28:8 PROPN ct-13050 86 5 . . PUNCT ct-13050 86 6 doi doi PROPN ct-13050 86 7 : : PUNCT ct-13050 86 8     SPACE ct-13050 86 9 10.1186 10.1186 NUM ct-13050 86 10 / / SYM ct-13050 86 11 s12610 s12610 NOUN ct-13050 86 12 - - PUNCT ct-13050 86 13 018 018 NUM ct-13050 86 14 - - PUNCT ct-13050 86 15 0073 0073 NUM ct-13050 86 16 - - SYM ct-13050 86 17 3 3 NUM ct-13050 86 18 13 13 NUM ct-13050 86 19 . . PUNCT ct-13050 87 1 xu xu PROPN ct-13050 88 1 c c X ct-13050 88 2 , , PUNCT ct-13050 88 3 liu liu PROPN ct-13050 88 4 m m PROPN ct-13050 88 5 , , PUNCT ct-13050 88 6 zhang zhang PROPN ct-13050 88 7 f f PROPN ct-13050 88 8 - - PUNCT ct-13050 88 9 f f PROPN ct-13050 88 10 , , PUNCT ct-13050 88 11 et et PROPN ct-13050 88 12 al al PROPN ct-13050 88 13 : : PUNCT ct-13050 88 14 the the DET ct-13050 88 15 association association NOUN ct-13050 88 16 between between ADP ct-13050 88 17 testicular testicular ADJ ct-13050 88 18 microlithiasis microlithiasis NOUN ct-13050 88 19 and and CCONJ ct-13050 88 20 semen semen NOUN ct-13050 88 21 parameters parameter NOUN ct-13050 88 22 in in ADP ct-13050 88 23 chinese chinese ADJ ct-13050 88 24 adult adult NOUN ct-13050 88 25 men man NOUN ct-13050 88 26 with with ADP ct-13050 88 27 fertility fertility NOUN ct-13050 88 28 intention intention NOUN ct-13050 88 29 : : PUNCT ct-13050 88 30 experience experience NOUN ct-13050 88 31 of of ADP ct-13050 88 32 226 226 NUM ct-13050 88 33 cases case NOUN ct-13050 88 34 . . PUNCT ct-13050 89 1 urol urol PROPN ct-13050 89 2 2014;84:815 2014;84:815 PROPN ct-13050 89 3 - - PUNCT ct-13050 89 4 820 820 NUM ct-13050 89 5 . . PUNCT ct-13050 90 1 doi doi NOUN ct-13050 90 2 : : PUNCT ct-13050 90 3 10.1016 10.1016 NUM ct-13050 90 4 / / SYM ct-13050 90 5 j.urology.2014.03.021 j.urology.2014.03.021 NOUN ct-13050 90 6     SPACE ct-13050 90 7 14 14 NUM ct-13050 90 8 . . PUNCT ct-13050 91 1 hiramatsu hiramatsu PROPN ct-13050 91 2 i i PROPN ct-13050 91 3 , , PUNCT ct-13050 91 4 tsujimura tsujimura NOUN ct-13050 91 5 a a NOUN ct-13050 91 6 , , PUNCT ct-13050 91 7 miyoshi miyoshi PROPN ct-13050 91 8 m m PROPN ct-13050 91 9 , , PUNCT ct-13050 91 10 et et PROPN ct-13050 91 11 al al PROPN ct-13050 91 12 : : PUNCT ct-13050 91 13 prevalence prevalence NOUN ct-13050 91 14 of of ADP ct-13050 91 15 testicular testicular ADJ ct-13050 91 16 microlithiasis microlithiasis NOUN ct-13050 91 17 in in ADP ct-13050 91 18 healthy healthy ADJ ct-13050 91 19 newlywed newlywed ADJ ct-13050 91 20 men man NOUN ct-13050 91 21 trying try VERB ct-13050 91 22 for for ADP ct-13050 91 23 firsttime firsttime NOUN ct-13050 91 24 pregnancy pregnancy NOUN ct-13050 91 25 . . PUNCT ct-13050 92 1 intl intl PROPN ct-13050 92 2 j j PROPN ct-13050 92 3 urol urol PROPN ct-13050 92 4 2020;27:990 2020;27:990 PROPN ct-13050 92 5 - - SYM ct-13050 92 6 995 995 NUM ct-13050 92 7 . . PUNCT ct-13050 93 1 doi doi NOUN ct-13050 93 2 : : PUNCT ct-13050 93 3 10.1111/ 10.1111/ NUM ct-13050 93 4 iju.14342 iju.14342 NOUN ct-13050 93 5 15 15 NUM ct-13050 93 6 . . PUNCT ct-13050 94 1 shirai shirai PROPN ct-13050 94 2 n n NUM ct-13050 94 3 , , PUNCT ct-13050 94 4 evans evans PROPN ct-13050 94 5 mg mg PROPN ct-13050 94 6 : : PUNCT ct-13050 94 7 testicular testicular ADJ ct-13050 94 8 microlithiasis microlithiasis NOUN ct-13050 94 9 in in ADP ct-13050 94 10 a a DET ct-13050 94 11 clinically clinically ADV ct-13050 94 12 healthy healthy ADJ ct-13050 94 13 cynomolgus cynomolgus ADJ ct-13050 94 14 monkey monkey NOUN ct-13050 94 15 ( ( PUNCT ct-13050 94 16 macaca macaca NOUN ct-13050 94 17 fascicularis fascicularis NOUN ct-13050 94 18 ) ) PUNCT ct-13050 94 19 . . PUNCT ct-13050 95 1 j j PROPN ct-13050 95 2 toxic toxic PROPN ct-13050 95 3 pathol pathol NOUN ct-13050 95 4 2018;31:147 2018;31:147 NUM ct-13050 95 5 - - SYM ct-13050 95 6 150 150 NUM ct-13050 95 7 . . PUNCT ct-13050 96 1 doi doi NOUN ct-13050 96 2 : : PUNCT ct-13050 96 3 10.1293 10.1293 NUM ct-13050 96 4 / / SYM ct-13050 96 5 tox.2017 tox.2017 NUM ct-13050 96 6 - - PUNCT ct-13050 96 7 0065 0065 NUM ct-13050 96 8 16 16 NUM ct-13050 96 9 . . PUNCT ct-13050 97 1 pedersen pedersen PROPN ct-13050 97 2 mr mr PROPN ct-13050 97 3 , , PUNCT ct-13050 97 4 moller moller PROPN ct-13050 97 5 h h PROPN ct-13050 97 6 , , PUNCT ct-13050 97 7 rafaelsen rafaelsen PROPN ct-13050 97 8 sr sr PROPN ct-13050 97 9 , , PUNCT ct-13050 97 10 et et PROPN ct-13050 97 11 al al PROPN ct-13050 97 12 : : PUNCT ct-13050 97 13 association association NOUN ct-13050 97 14 between between ADP ct-13050 97 15 risk risk NOUN ct-13050 97 16 factors factor NOUN ct-13050 97 17 and and CCONJ ct-13050 97 18 testicular testicular ADJ ct-13050 97 19 microlithiasis microlithiasis NOUN ct-13050 97 20 . . PUNCT ct-13050 98 1 acta acta PROPN ct-13050 98 2 radiol radiol PROPN ct-13050 98 3 open open VERB ct-13050 98 4 2019;8:1 2019;8:1 NOUN ct-13050 98 5 - - SYM ct-13050 98 6 6 6 NUM ct-13050 98 7 . . PUNCT ct-13050 99 1 doi doi NOUN ct-13050 99 2 : : PUNCT ct-13050 99 3     SPACE ct-13050 99 4 10.1177/2058460119870297 10.1177/2058460119870297 NUM ct-13050 99 5 17 17 NUM ct-13050 99 6 . . PUNCT ct-13050 100 1 o’shaughnessy o’shaughnessy PROPN ct-13050 100 2 pj pj PROPN ct-13050 100 3 , , PUNCT ct-13050 100 4 monteiro monteiro PROPN ct-13050 100 5 a a PRON ct-13050 100 6 , , PUNCT ct-13050 100 7 verhoeven verhoeven PROPN ct-13050 100 8 g g PROPN ct-13050 100 9 , , PUNCT ct-13050 100 10 et et PROPN ct-13050 100 11 al al PROPN ct-13050 100 12 : : PUNCT ct-13050 100 13 occurrence occurrence NOUN ct-13050 100 14 of of ADP ct-13050 100 15 testicular testicular ADJ ct-13050 100 16 microlithiasis microlithiasis NOUN ct-13050 100 17 in in ADP ct-13050 100 18 androgen androgen NOUN ct-13050 100 19 insensitive insensitive ADJ ct-13050 100 20 hypogonadal hypogonadal ADJ ct-13050 100 21 mice mouse NOUN ct-13050 100 22 . . PUNCT ct-13050 101 1 repro repro ADJ ct-13050 101 2 biol biol ADJ ct-13050 101 3 endocrinol endocrinol NOUN ct-13050 101 4 2009;7:88 2009;7:88 NOUN ct-13050 101 5 . . PUNCT ct-13050 102 1 doi doi NOUN ct-13050 102 2 : : PUNCT ct-13050 102 3 10.1186/1477 10.1186/1477 NUM ct-13050 102 4 7827 7827 NUM ct-13050 102 5 - - SYM ct-13050 102 6 7 7 NUM ct-13050 102 7 - - SYM ct-13050 102 8 88 88 NUM ct-13050 102 9 18 18 NUM ct-13050 102 10 . . PUNCT ct-13050 103 1 zhang zhang PROPN ct-13050 103 2 qh qh PROPN ct-13050 103 3 , , PUNCT ct-13050 103 4 lu lu PROPN ct-13050 103 5 gs gs PROPN ct-13050 103 6 , , PUNCT ct-13050 103 7 shen shen PROPN ct-13050 103 8 xc xc PROPN ct-13050 103 9 , , PUNCT ct-13050 103 10 et et PROPN ct-13050 103 11 al al PROPN ct-13050 103 12 : : PUNCT ct-13050 103 13 nanobacteria nanobacteria NOUN ct-13050 103 14 may may AUX ct-13050 103 15 be be AUX ct-13050 103 16 linked link VERB ct-13050 103 17 to to ADP ct-13050 103 18 testicular testicular ADJ ct-13050 103 19 microlithiasis microlithiasis NOUN ct-13050 103 20 in in ADP ct-13050 103 21 infertility infertility NOUN ct-13050 103 22 . . PUNCT ct-13050 104 1 j j PROPN ct-13050 104 2 androl androl PROPN ct-13050 104 3 2010;31:121 2010;31:121 PROPN ct-13050 104 4 - - SYM ct-13050 104 5 125 125 NUM ct-13050 104 6 . . PUNCT ct-13050 105 1 doi doi NOUN ct-13050 105 2 : : PUNCT ct-13050 105 3     SPACE ct-13050 105 4 10.2164 10.2164 NUM ct-13050 105 5 / / SYM ct-13050 105 6 jandrol.109.007930 jandrol.109.007930 PROPN ct-13050 105 7 19 19 NUM ct-13050 105 8 . . PUNCT ct-13050 106 1 lin lin PROPN ct-13050 106 2 x x PROPN ct-13050 106 3 - - PUNCT ct-13050 106 4 c c PROPN ct-13050 106 5 , , PUNCT ct-13050 106 6 gao gao PROPN ct-13050 106 7 x x PRON ct-13050 106 8 , , PUNCT ct-13050 106 9 lu lu PROPN ct-13050 106 10 g g PROPN ct-13050 106 11 - - PUNCT ct-13050 106 12 s s PROPN ct-13050 106 13 , , PUNCT ct-13050 106 14 et et PROPN ct-13050 106 15 al al PROPN ct-13050 106 16 : : PUNCT ct-13050 106 17 role role NOUN ct-13050 106 18 of of ADP ct-13050 106 19 calcifying calcify VERB ct-13050 106 20 nanoparticles nanoparticle NOUN ct-13050 106 21 in in ADP ct-13050 106 22 the the DET ct-13050 106 23 development development NOUN ct-13050 106 24 of of ADP ct-13050 106 25 testicular testicular ADJ ct-13050 106 26 microlithiasis microlithiasis NOUN ct-13050 106 27 in in ADP ct-13050 106 28 vivo vivo NOUN ct-13050 106 29 . . PUNCT ct-13050 107 1 bmc bmc PROPN ct-13050 107 2 urol urol PROPN ct-13050 107 3 2017;17:99 2017;17:99 PROPN ct-13050 107 4 . . 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